Volume 10 Number 1 2000 NOVON Status and Relationships of the Chinese Endemic Platycraspedum (Brassicaceae) Ihsan Al-Shehbaz Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Cheo Tniyien and Lu Lianli Herbarium, Jiangsu Institute of Botany, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, People’s Republic of China Yang Guang Piroche Plants, Inc., 20542 McNeil Road, Pitt Meadows, B.C., Canada V3Y 1Z1 ABSTRACT. The generic limits and relationships of Platycraspedum are discussed, and the new species P. wuchengyii is described. It is most closely relat¬ ed to Taphrospermum, from which it differs by hav¬ ing toothed filaments of median stamens, 2-lobed stigmas, palmately veined leaves, unequal sepals, and minutely reticulate seeds. As delimited here, Platycraspedum O. E. Schulz consists of two Chinese species endemic to eastern Xizang (Tibet) and neighboring Sichuan. Schulz (1922) compared the generic type, P. tibeticum , with Dilophia Thomson and later (Schulz, 1936) placed both genera in the tribe Lepidieae. However, Platycraspedum does not have angustiseptate fruits, a feature Schulz (1936) used primarily to define the limits of Lepidieae. In our opinion, Platycrasped¬ um, along with Dilophia, Taphrospermum C. A. Meyer, Lignariella Baehni, and several other gen¬ era, should be closely associated with Cardamine L., all of which share flattened replums, a feature very rare elsewhere in the Brassicaceae. The pres¬ ent paper does not aim to present the tribal align¬ ments of these genera; nonetheless Schulz’s (1936) placement of Platycraspedum in the Lepidieae is unwarranted. Platycraspedum is most closely related to Taph¬ rospermum, a genus of seven species (Al-Shehbaz, unpublished) distributed primarily in China. Both genera have fleshy fusifonn roots, a whorl of scale¬ like leaves at the root base, petiolate cauline leaves, bracteate inflorescences, white petals, ba- sally dilated median filaments, and flattened re¬ plums. Platycraspedum is readily separated from Taphrospermum by its palmately veined cauline leaves and bracts, minutely reticulate seeds, strong¬ ly flattened and toothed median staminal filaments, unequal sepals with the lateral pair saccate, poorly developed lateral nectaries with the median ones lacking, and 2-lobed stigmas. By contrast, Taphros¬ permum has pinnately veined cauline leaves and bracts, foveolate or rarely papillate seeds, terete and toothless filaments, equal and nonsaccate se¬ pals, well-developed annular lateral nectaries con¬ fluent with median ones, and entire stigmas. Platycraspedum can easily be confused with some species of Eutrema R. Brown sect. Wasabia (Matsumura) 0. E. Schulz, but it can be separated by its strongly flattened and 1-toothed median fil¬ aments, flattened replums, non-mucronate leaf teeth, subsessile fruits, unequal sepals with the in¬ ner pair saccate, 2-lobed stigmas, and lack of septa. Eutrema has slender and toothless median fila¬ ments, terete replums, mucronate teeth or leaf-vein endings, stipitate fruits, equal sepals with the inner Novon 10: 1-3. 2000. 2 Novon pair nonsaccate, entire stigma, ami complete sep¬ tum. Although the two species of Platycraspedum are quite different in fruit morphology (see key), we believe that their shared characters (fleshy taproots, fully bracteate inflorescences, petiolate, palmately veined cauline leaves, non-mucronate leaf marginal teeth, white flowers, unequal sepals with inner pair saccate, flattened and toothed median filaments, 2- lobed stigmas, flattened replums, absence of septa, and accumbent flattened seeds) provide ample ev¬ idence to treat them as congeneric. Platycraspedum 0. E. Schulz, Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 386. 1922. TYPE: Pla¬ tycraspedum tibeticum 0. E. Schulz. Herbs biennial or perennial. Trichomes simple. Roots fusiform, fleshy. Stems erect, short, and sim¬ ple at base, with several, long, decumbent to as¬ cending branches. Basal leaves absent. Cauline leaves petiolate, repand-dentate to palmately lobed, the lobes not mucronate, base cordate. Racemes several-flowered, terminal, corymbose, bracteate throughout, elongated considerably in fruit. Sepals oblong (outer pair) or broadly ovate (inner), decid¬ uous, glabrous, unequal, base of inner pair saccate, margins membranous. Petals white, narrowly ob- ovate to subelliptic. Stamens 6, tetradynamous; fil¬ aments white; median pair strongly flattened, lat¬ erally 1-toothed; anthers oblong. Nectar glands 2, annular, lateral; median nectaries absent. Ovules 3 to 9 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear to oblong, terete or 4-angled, short stipitate; valves obscurely veined or with a prominent, narrowly winged midvein, keeled or not keeled; gynophore short and rarely to 1 mm long; replum flattened, winged or wingless; septum absent; style to 1.5 mm long; stigma 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate, wingless, oblong to ovate, flattened; seed coat minutely retic¬ ulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. Kky to thk Species ok Piatycraspkdum la. Fruit 4-angled, narrowly 4-winged, not torulose, 2.5—3 mm wide; petals 4—6 X 2—3 mm; seeds (2.8—)3—3.5 mm long.1. P. tibeticum lb. Fruit terete, wingless, torulose, ea. 1.5 mm wide; petals 3—4 X 1 — 1.5 mm; seeds 2—2.5 mm long . 2. P. wuchengyii 1. Platycraspedum tibeticum 0. E. Schulz, Re- pert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 386. 1922. TYPE: China. Sichuan [as Tibet]: Tatsienlu, zwischen den Steinen des Mani auf der Pas- shohe Gila, 4400 m, 4 Oct. 1914, W. Limpricht 1838 (lectotype, here designated, WRSL; iso- lectotype, WU). Herbs (6—)10-20(—60) cm tall, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with trichomes to 0.8 mm long. Root fusiform, to 5 mm diatn. Stem several- branched from single short base. Cauline leaves petiolate, glabrous or pubescent; petiole (0.1— )0.5 —2(—3) cm long; leaf blade suborbicular to cordate or broadly ovate, (4-)7—15 X (l-)5—12(—IS) mm, reduced in size in inflorescence, base cordate, mar¬ gin repand-dentate to repand or palmately 5-lobed, the teeth or lobes not mucronate, apex obtuse. Se¬ pals 1.5—2 X 0.8—1.5 mm, glabrous, margin mem¬ branous and to 0.2 mm wide; outer pair oblong, narrower than inner, not saccate at base; inner pair broadly ovate, saccate at base. Petals white, nar¬ rowly obovate to subelliptic, 4—6 X 2-3 mm, base cuneate, apex rounded. Filaments white, 1.1—2 mm long; outer pair slender; inner pair strongly flat¬ tened basally and 0.4—0.6 mm wide, with ovate to oblong lateral tooth 0.2—0.4 X 0.1-0.2 mm; anthers oblong, 0.4—0.6 mm long, apex obtuse. Ovary 6- to 9-ovuled. Fruiting pedicel slender, ascending to di¬ varicate, straight to recurved, (3—)5— 12(—20) mm long. Fruit narrowly oblong, 4-angled and longitu¬ dinally 4-winged, curved, not torulose, (6—)8—15 X 2.5—3 mm, base cuneate; valves glabrous, with a well-developed, winged midvein with wing to 0.5 mm wide; replum longitudinally winged with a wing to 0.5 mm; style thick, 0.5—1.5 mm; gynophore to 0.5 mm. Seeds ovate to broadly oblong, flattened, (2.8-)3—3.5 X 1.5—2 mm. Flowering June—August, fruiting July-September. Alpine areas at 4100—4800 m. Specimens examined. CHINA. Sichuan: Ranting (Tachienlu), Cheto, La, Harry Smith 11042 (MO, S, UPS); Tatsien-lu, Cunningham 124 (E); Tatsienlu (listed as Ti¬ bet), unter Gebiisch am Abstieg vom Passe Gila nach dem Haus Tajiatsuka, 4100 m, Limpricht 1667 (WRSL, W'U); Dawo, Felsgrate des Ressirrma oberhalb lies Passes Ssirka westlich Tschlisse tsung, 4840 m, Limpricht 1931 (WRSL). Xizang (Tibet): B atang. Yargong, Soulie 3088 (P); Tongolo, Kiala, Soulie' 1024 (P). Although Platycraspedum tibeticum was based on three syntypes, all of which were allegedly collect¬ ed from eastern Tibet (Xizang), their actual locali¬ ties are in Sichuan, and perhaps for that reason the species was not included in the Flora of Xizang (Kuan, 1985). However, as cited above, the species does occur in Xizang. Of the three syntypes cited by Schulz (1922), Limpricht 1838 has flowers and fruits and is herein designated as the lectotype. The illustration of Platycraspedum tibeticum in Kuan (1987) is inaccurate in the number of mar¬ ginal leaf teeth, as the species was shown to have up to eight marginal teeth when in fact the maxi¬ mum it has is four. Furthermore, Ying et al. (1993) Volume 10, Number 1 2000 Al-Shehbaz et al. Chinese Endemic Platycraspedum 3 incorrectly described the lateral stamens as toothed and the median ones as linear, and the reverse is correct. 2. Platycraspedum wuehengyii Al-Shehbaz, T. Y. Cheo, L. L. Lu & G. Yang, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Xizang: Mangkang Xian, wet grounds by river, 4000 m, 27 June 1976, Qinghai-Xiz- ang Expedition 12038 (holotype, KUN; iso¬ type, PE). Herba 5—25 cm alta. Radix fusiformis carnosa. Folia caulina petiolata, suborbiculata, cordata, vel subrenilor- mia. Petala alba, subelliptica vel angusle oblonga, 3-4 X 1—1.5 mm. Filamenta mediana complanata, unidentata. Fructus lineares. teretes, torulosi, nonalati, 6—15 X ea. 1.5 mm. Semina oblonga, compressa, 2—2.5 X ca. 1.5 mm. Her! )s 5—25 cm tall, glabrous or sparsely pubes¬ cent with trichomes to 1 mm long. Root fusiform, fleshy, to 2 mm diam. Stem single at base, with few to several, slender, ascending to decumbent branches. Cauline leaves petiolate, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent; petiole 0.5—2.5(-4) cm long; leaf blade suborbicular to cordate or subreniform, 4—12 X 5—15 mm, reduced in size in inflorescence, base cordate, margin repand to shallowly and ob¬ tusely palmately 5-lobed, the lobes not mucronate, apex obtuse. Sepals 1-1.5 X 0.6-1 mm, glabrous, margins membranous and to 0.1 mm wide. Petals white, narrowly subelliptic to narrowly oblong, 3—4 X 1-1.5 mm, base cuneate, apex rounded. Fila¬ ments white, 1.1-1.5 mm long; outer pair slender; inner pair strongly flattened basally and 0.3—0.5 mm wide, with ovate to oblong lateral tooth to 0.2 X 0.1 mm; anthers oblong, 0.3-0.4 mm long, apex obtuse. Ovary 1 3- to 6-ovuled. Fruiting pedicel slen¬ der, ascending to divaricate, straight, 5—15 mm long. Fruit linear, terete, wingless, torulose, 6-15 X ca. 1.5 mm, base cuneate; valves sparsely and minutely puberulent, obscurely veined, wingless; replum wingless; style thick, 0.5-1.5 mm; gyno- phore to 1 mm. Seeds oblong, flattened, 2—2.5 X ca. 1.5 mm. Flowering June-August, fruiting July- August. Wet grounds by rivers, slopes of ravines in Jun- iperus forests, and woods at 4000—4500 m. Paratypes. CHINA. Sichuan: Upper Yalong basin, Chola Shan, Dege-Garze, Manigango, 31°52'N, 99°07'K, G. & S. Miehe & Wiindisch 94-433-22 (GOET); Deige Xian. Babang Xiang, Anonymous 7389 (PE #1137899). Platycraspedum wuchengyii is named in honor of Wu Zhengyi (Wu Chengyi), Director Emeritus of the Kunming Institute of Botany, Editor-in-Chief of the Chinese Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, and Co-chair of the Flora of China , in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the flora of China. Professor Wu annotated the holotype of P. wuch¬ engyii as P. tibeticum. Two collections, the type and Anonymous 7389 (PE #1137899), were cited by Wang (1993) as Pla¬ tycraspedum tibeticum. It appears that the remark¬ able differences in the fruits of the two species (see key) were overlooked. Acknowledgments. We are grateful to Qin Hain- ing (PE), Sun Hang (KUN), Pete Lowry (MO at P), and W. Till (WU) for their help during visits to their herbaria. Zhu Guanghua and Song Hong are thanked for translating Chinese text and herbarium labels. We thank G. Dickore and G. and S. Miehe (GOET) for sending to the senior author many Chi¬ nese collections for determination. Literature Cited Kuan, K.-C. 1985. Cruciferae. In: C. Y. Wu (editor), FI. Xizang. 2: 323-411. Science Press, Beijing. -. 1987. Lepidieae. In: T.-Y. Cheo (editor), FI. Rei- publ. Popularis Sin. 33: 44-109. Science Press, Bei¬ jing- Schulz, 0. E. 1922. Cruciferae. In: W. Limpricht, Botan- ische Reisen in den Hochgebirgen Chinas und Ost-Ti- bets. Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 385—390. -. 1936. Cruciferae. In: A. Engler (editor), Die Na- tiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2, 17B: 227-658. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Wang, W.-T. 1993. Cruciferae. In: W.-T. Wang et al. (edi¬ tors), Vascular Plants of the Hengduan Mountains. 1: 618-652. Science Press, Beijing. |ln Chinese.] Ying, T.-S., Y.-L. Zhang & D. E. Boufford. 1993. The en¬ demic genera of seed plants of China. Science Press, Beijing. Carica palandensis (Caricaceae), a New Species from Ecuador Victor M. Badillo Herbario Maracay, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Faeultad de Agronomfa, Institute) de Botanica Agrfcola, Apartado 4579, Maracay 2101, Venezuela Veerle Van den Eynden and Patrick Van Damme Department of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture and Ethnobotany, University of Gent, Coupure Links 655, 9000 Gent, Belgium Abstract. A new species of the genus Carica , found in forests in southeast Ecuador, is described. Carica palandensis Badillo, Van den Eynden & Van Damme is clearly distinguished from all other Car¬ ica species hy its always compound leaves with 5- to 9-petiolulate leaflets. Rksumen. Se describe una nueva especie del g6- nero Carica encontrada en los bosques del sureste del Ecuador. Carica palandensis Badillo, Van den Eynden & Van Damme se distingue claramente de las demds especies de Carica por sus hojas siempre compuestas con 5 a 9 folfolos petiolulados. In the course of an ethnobotanical inventory of wild edible plants in southern Ecuador, a new spe¬ cies of Carica was collected in Palanda in the Am¬ azonian province of Zamora-Chinchipe. After the initial collection of a female plant in December 1995, a second visit was paid to the same area in June 1997, and as a result more material was col¬ lected of both male and female plants. The area where this species was discovered is under great pressure from land clearance for timber production, to the extent that the site of the December 1995 collection was completely cleared hy June 1997 and the species no longer existed at this site. Carica palaiulensis Badillo, Van den Eynden & Van Damme, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Prov. Zamora-Chinchipe: Palanda, barrio Agua Dul- ce, sector Los Cedros, 1850 m, 4°41'03"S, 79°10'16"W, 8 June 1997, V. Van den Eynden , E. Cueva & (). Cabrera 998 (holotype, QCA; isotypes, LOJA, MY, QCNE). Figure 1. Arbor trunco recto simplici usque ad 10 cm diametro et 6 m alto. Folia digitata 5 ad 9-foliolata; foliolis acu- minatis petiolulatis, supra glabris, infra secus nervos pub- erulis, lateralibus 8—42.5 cm longis et 3.5—13.5 cm latis, integris, centrali conspicue trilobato, lobis lateralibus 14— 29 cm longis. 4.5-8 cm latis, centrali pseudopetiolulato, 20—36 cm longo, 7.5—12 cm lato. Inflorescentia staminata axillaris, anguste paniculata multiflora, puberula, usque ad 16 cm longa, floribus breviter pedicellatis. Flos stam- inatus sepalis triangulis 1-2 mm longis, 0.5—1 mm latis; corolla flava, tubo 15—22 mm longo, 1.5-4 mm lato, lob- u I is oblongo-lanceolatis 15—21 mm longis, 2—4 mm latis; staminibus 10 biseriatis, 5 superiorum antheris glabris, 2- 2.5 mm longis, filamentis 2—2.5 mm longis, breviter et laxe pilosis, 5 inferiorum antheris glabris, 2-2.5 mm lon- gis, connectivo 1 mm, filamentis I mm longis. Inflores¬ centia pisti 1 lata axillaris, pauciflora, flores terminalem un- icum et laterales nonnullos pedicellatos gerente, usque ad 9 cm longa, leviter pubescens. Flos pistillatus sepalis triangulis, 2—3 mm longis, 1.5-2 mm latis; petalis flavis puberulis, oblonge triangulis, 45-60 mm longis, 9-12 mm latis; ovario supero, 5-loculari, 5-angulari, 11-19 mm lon¬ go, 7-13 mm lato, apicem versus attenuato; ovulis nu- merosis placentatione parietali; stylo 3-4.5 mm longo; stiginatibus 5, 7—10 mm longis, puberulis, apicem versus bifidis, ramulis 2-3 mm longis. Fructus baccatus luteus subglobosus, 7-8.5 cm longus et 6.4—8 cm latus. pedicello 9.5-11 cm longo insidens; seminibus ellipsoideis 7-8 mm longis et 4—5 mm latis, in greges quinque pulpa aurantia- ca circumcinctas aggregatis, unoquoque semine seleros- testa tuberculis conicis ornata praedito et sarcotesta gelatinosa circumcincta. Dioecious tree to 6 m tall; DBH 5-10 cm; hark light brown, covered with leaf scars; stipules ab¬ sent. Latex opaque milky. Leaves membranacous, alternate, crowded at top of tree, palmately com¬ pound; petiole to 64 cm long; petiolules 6-25 mm long; leaflets 5 to 9 (5 to 7 on male plants, 5 to 9 on female plants), glabrous and bright green above, lighter green below with short slight pubescence on veins; 4 to 8 basal leaflets entire, 8—42.5 X 3.5- 13.5 cm, narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, base acute, apex acuminate; central leaflet trilobed, 2 lateral lobes 14—29 X 4.5—8 cm, elliptic, apex acu¬ minate, centra] lobe appearing to he a petiolulate leaflet but actually subtended by an extension of the main vein, 20-36 X 7.5-12 cm, elliptic to ovate, base acute, apex acuminate; veins raised be¬ neath, primary vein often reddish. Male inflores¬ cences axillary, many-flowered panicles, to 16 cm long, pubescent; peduncle 3—9 cm long, to 2 mm diam.; lateral branches 1—5 cm long; pedicels 2-6 Novon 10: 4-6. 2000. Volume 10, Number 1 2000 Badillo et al. Carica palandensis from Ecuador 5 Figure 1. A—J. Carica palandensis Badillo, Van den Eynden & Van Damme. —A. Tree. —B. Male inflorescence. —C. Male flower, longitudinal view with perianth removed. —D. Lower stamen. —E. Upper stamen. —F. Female inflorescence. —G. Female flower, longitudinal view with perianth removed. —H. Ovary in cross section. —J. Fruit in cross section. Drawn from photographs, pickled material, and specimens: Van den Eynden et al. 998 (female plant), Van den Eynden et al. 999 (male plant). Van den Eynden et al. 1000 (female plant), and Van den Eynden el al. 1001 (female plant). 6 Novon mm long, with a low small bracts to 1 mm long. Male flowers 5-merous. Sepals green, triangular, 1- 2 X 0.5—1 mm. Corolla green-yellow (color 144 B of the HUS Color Chart); tube 15—22 mm long, 2- 4 mm wide at base, 1.5—2 mm wide in the mid¬ dle, 2—3 mm wide at apex; lobes oblong-lanceolate, 15—21 X 2-4 mm, apex acute. Sepals and petals alternate. Stamens 10, in 2 series, attached at apex of corolla tube, versatile, 2 thecae each, opening with longitudinal slits, introrse; upper stamens with loosely pilose filaments 2-2.5 mm long, anther gla¬ brous, 2-2.5 mm long, anther connective not pro¬ longed above anther; lower stamens with filament 1 mm long, anther glabrous, 2-2.5 mm long, anther connective prolonged for 1 mm above anther. Ru¬ dimentary gynoecium 6—7 mm long. Female inflo¬ rescences axillary, cymose, few-flowered, to 9 cm long, slightly pubescent; peduncle 3—4.5 cm long, 3 mm diam.; pedicels 5—15 mm long, with a few small bracts l mm long. Female flowers 5-merous. Sepals green-reddish, triangular, 2-3 X 1.5-2 mm. Petals green-yellow (color 145 B-C of the RHS Col¬ or Chart) to reddish outside, green inside, pubes¬ cent, free, oblong-triangular, 45—60 X 9-12 mm, apex obtuse. Sepals and petals alternate. Ovary su¬ perior, 5-locular, 5-angular, 11—19 X 7—13 mm, at¬ tenuate toward apex; numerous anatropous ovules on parietal placentas; style 3—4.5 mm long; stigmas 5, 7—10 mm long, shortly pubescent, apically often split in 2 ends of 2—3 mm each. Fruit a subglobose berry, yellow-orange (color 22 A of the RHS Color Chart), base rounded to emarginate, apex acumi¬ nate, 72—85 X 64—82 mm; pericarp 7—9 mm thick; pedicel of fruit 9.5—11 X 6-7 mm. Seeds dark brown, 7-8 X 4-5 mm, ellipsoidal, sclerotesta with numerous conical protuberances, each seed sur¬ rounded by a gelatinous sarcotesta, seeds arranged in 5 groups surrounded by orange pulp. Ecology and distribution. The species is known only from the area around Palanda, after which it is named. Palanda is situated at 4°41'S, 79°10'W in the province of Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador. It is found in the wild in humid premontane forest at 1790—1850 m elevation. Plants are not cultivated. Phenology. Plants have been collected in (low¬ er (ami in bud) and fruit in June and in fruit and with fertilized flowers in December. Caricapalandensis is readily distinguished by its always compound leaves with 5- to 9-petiolulate leaflets. The otdy other Carica species to have (sometimes) palmately compound leaves are Carica goudotiana (Triana & Planchon) Solms-Laubaeh and in a few cases Carica microcarpa Jaequin, but never are there 7 or 9 leaflets nor are they all pe- tiolulate (Badillo, 1993). Furthermore this species is characterized by its seeds being arranged in 5 groups, each surrounded by pulp. When opening the fruit, the seeds fall apart in these 5 groups (cf. an orange). Uses. The sweet pulp surrounding the seeds can be eaten by putting the whole mass of seeds and pulp in the mouth, sucking, and subsequently spitting the seeds out. The seeds and pulp can also be mixed with water and sugar. After stirring and straining off the seeds, a fruity drink results. Local name. Papaillo. Paratypes. ECUADOR. Xamora-Cliincliipr: Palan¬ da, barrio Agua Dulce, camino a las fincas, bosque hu- medo premontano, remanente de bosque poco intervenido, 4°4I'S. 79°10'W. 1790 m, 21 Dec. 1995, V. Van den Eyn- den. E. Cueva A- 0. Cabrera 549 (LOJA, OCA. OC\E) (female plant); Palanda, barrio Agua Dulce, sector Los Cedros, remanente de bosque, bosque humedo premon¬ tano. 4°41'03"S, 79°10'16"W. 1850 m, 8 June 1997. V. Van den Evnden. E. Cueva A 0. Cabrera 999 (LOJA, QCA, QCNE) (male plant): Palanda. barrio Agua Dulce, sector Los Cedros, remanente de bosque. bosque humedo premontano, 4°41'03"S, 79°10’16"W, 1850 m, 8 June 1997. V. Van den Eynden, E. Cueva A 0. Cabrera 1000 1 1,0.)A. (,)CA) (female plant); Palanda, barrio Agua Dulce, sector Los Cedros, remanente de bosque, bosque humedo premontano, 4°41'03"S, 79°10' KV'W. 1850 m. 8 June 1997, V. Van den Eynden. E. Cueva A 0. Cabrera 1001 (LOJA) (female plant). Acknowledgments. This work was supported by VLIR (Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad) and VVOB (Vlaamse Vereniging voor Onderwijs en technische Bijstand) grants to Veerle Van den Eyn¬ den. We thank Paul Goetghebeur for help with the Latin description and for useful comments on the manuscript, Gwylim Lewis for help with the correct terminology, and Patricio Mena for checking the Spanish summary. I .iterature Cited Badillo, V. M. 1993. Caricaceae. Segundo Esquema. Re- vista Fac. Agron. Univ. Centr. Venezuela, Alcance N° 43. Two New Species of Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) from Qinghai, China Cai Lian-bing Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810001, People’s Republic of China Abstract. Two new species of Leymus, L. pen- dulus and L. obvipodus, are described and illus¬ trated. These two species are endemic to Qinghai province, China, occurring at the margins of wood¬ lands, wastelands, mountain valleys, and the bases of walls, at 2280-2900 m elevation. Leymus pen- dulus is unusual in its lax, long, pendent spikes. It is closely related to L. flexus, but differs from that species by pendent spikes, longer rachis inter¬ nodes, and shorter glumes and lemmas. Leymus ob¬ vipodus is unique in the genus in having all spike- lets pedicellate. It resembles both L. divaricatus (Drobow) Tzvelev and L. aristiglumus L. B. Cai but differs from the former by lanceolate glumes with 1 to 3 nerves, longer spike-like panicles, taller culms, and lanceolate lemmas with 5 obscure nerves and pubescent margins, and from the latter by lax, longer spike-like panicles, pedicellate spikelets with 4 to 8 florets, narrower glumes, and longer, lustrous lemmas. Leymus, a perennial genus of Triticeae, is widely distributed in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be found in South America in alpine belts of tropical or subtropical zones near the equator. Its species grow in a wide range of habitats, usually on mountain slopes, grasslands, margins of woodlands, roadsides, flood beds, and around lakesides, and are highly resistant to cold, drought, alkali, diseases, wind, and rain. Most spe¬ cies of the genus are forage grasses, and some of them are planted over large areas for pasture as they have a high nutritional value. In gross mor¬ phology, all members of the genus have well-de¬ veloped, perennial root systems and are used for soil and sand stabilization. Furthermore, some of these resilient taxa possess the characteristics of long thick spikes and stout caryopses and consti¬ tute important gene resources for crop and forage breeding. Leymus was first described by Hochstetter in 1848. It has been accepted by most recent taxon¬ omists (e.g., Pilger, 1954; Keng, 1959; Tzvelev, 1976; Melderis, 1980; Barkworth & Riley, 1984). The genus currently includes about 40 species, ap¬ proximately 20 of which occur in China. The genus is mainly characterized by perennial, usually spreading rhizomes. Basal leaf sheaths of most spe¬ cies become fibrous with age. Inflorescences are erect and spiciform or spicate-paniculiform with single or multiple spikelets at the node. These spikelets bear linear-subulate to lanceolate glumes with 1 to 5 veins, scabrous to pubescent lemmas, awnless or shortly awned at their apex, paleas equal to or slightly shorter than the lemmas. Chromosome numbers are 2 n — 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, and the haplomes are N (Zhang & Dvofak, 1991). The ge¬ nus has close phylogenetic relationships to Psathy- rostachys, Hordeum, and Elymus (s. str.) of Triti¬ ceae, as well as Bromus and Brachypodium, which are outside the tribe (Kuo & Wang, 1981; Wang & Kuo, 1982). Because of its wide geographic distribution and economic importance, Leymus has been the focus of considerable research in recent years (Cai, 1995, 1997). As part of this ongoing work, several spec¬ imens and seeds were collected in the Qinghai area of China in autumn 1998. Among this material, specimens belonging to two previously unrecog¬ nized species of Leymus were found. One of the two new taxa has the slender rachises, long intemodes, and pendent spikes that are only found in closely related species of Leymus, but it differs from the known species in the characters of spikelet, floret, rhizome, and leaf sheath. The second new taxon, L. obvipodus, has spikelets always pedicellate and a paniculate or almost racemose inflorescence that resembles those found in Bromus and Brachypo¬ dium rather than members of the Triticeae. Inflo¬ rescences of L. obvipodus differ from those found in Bromus and Brachypodium in their spike-like ap¬ pearance, with the presence of two spikelets at each node. Leymus pendulus L. B. Cai, sp. nov. TYPE: Chi¬ na. Qinghai Province: Xining, Nan Mts., near the Xining Botanical Garden, alt. 2320 m, 36°36'N, 101°46'E, 12 Aug. 1998, L. B. Cai & L. Zhi 98022 (holotype, HNWP; isotype, MO). Figure 1. Novon 10: 7-11. 2000. 8 Novon Figure I. Leymus pendulus L. IF Cai. —A. Plant. —B. Junction of sheath and blade to show ligule. —C. Spikelet. —D. First glume. —E. Second glume. —F. Dorsal view of the first floret. —G. Ventral view of the first floret. —H. Anthers. —1. Caryopsis. Volume 10, Number 1 2000 Cai New Species of Leymus 9 Culmi 60—150 cm alti, 4- ad 6-nodes. Spicae 23—32 cm longae, perlaxae, pendulae; rhachidi gracili, partium me- dianae inferiorisque internodiis plerumque 1.5—30 mm longis; glumis herBaeeis, 9—11 mm longis; lemmate primo 6-9 mm longo (arista exclusa) ; paleis ad carinas sparsim spinulosis. Perennial herbs, with extended rhizomes. Culms erect or slightly geniculate below, loosely caespi- tose or solitary, 60—150 cm tall, ca. 2-3 mm diam., smooth, 4- to 6-noded. Leaf sheaths glabrous or scabrid, the lower ones longer and the upper ones shorter than the internodes, the basal sheaths per¬ sistent, sometimes disintegrating into fibers; ligules 2—3.5 mm long, hyaline-membranous, obtuse; leaf blades green, flat or involute, lower blades 22—53 X 0.4—0.7 cm, upper blades 5—15 X 0.2-0.5 cm, both surfaces scabrous, the margins sparsely spi- nulate or ciliate. Spikes very lax, pendent, brown¬ ish, 23—32 cm long; rachis slender, densely pubes¬ cent; mid and lower internodes generally 15—30 mm long, the upper ones 6-12 mm long; spikelets usually in twos or threes at each node of the rachis, 5- to 7-flowered, 11-15 mm long; rachilla inter¬ nodes 1—1.5 mm long, densely puberulent; glumes herbaceous, linear-lanceolate, 1-nerved, scabrid on the back, sparsely ciliate at the margins of upper half, nearly equal, 9—11 mm long; lemmas lance¬ olate, obscurely 5-nerved, sparsely spinulate on the back, pubescent along or near the margin, the first lemma 6—9 mm long, with a gracile 2—3-mm-long awn at the apex; paleas equal to or slightly longer than the lemmas, apically pointed or bifid, 2- keeled, sparsely spinulate along the keels, scabrous between the keels. Anthers yellow or purplish, 2.5— 3.5 mm long. Caryopses brown, ca. 5 X 1.2 mm, pubescent at the apex, adherent to the lemma and palea. Distribution and habitat. Leymus pendulus is known only from the type collections. It is endemic to the eastern part of Qinghai Province, China, where it grows at the margins of woodlands, moun¬ tain valleys, and the bases of walls at an altitude of 2280 to 2320 m on soils that are reddish and sandy to clayey. This species is recognized morphologically from other species of Leymus by its slender rachises, long internodes, and pendent spikes. The general appearance of spikes in L. flexus suggests some similarity with L. pendulus, but L. flexus has longer glumes and lemmas, shorter rachis intemodes, cil¬ iate paleas, and slightly flexuous spikes. The two species may be easily distinguished by the follow¬ ing key: la. Spike pendent, 23—32 cm long; rachis internodes 15—30 mm long in the lower hall; glumes her¬ baceous, 9—1 1 mm long; lemma 6—9 mm long (excluding awn); palea spinulate on the keels; culm 4- to 6-noded. L pendulus I.. B. Cai lb. Spike slightly flexuous, 15—25 cm long; rachis internodes 8—15 mm long in the lower half; glumes membranous at the margins, 1 1—14 mm long; lemma 9—10 mm long (excluding awn); pa¬ lea ciliate on the keels; culm 3- to 4-noded . . . L flexus L. B. Cai Paratype. CHINA. Qinghai: Xining to Datong high¬ way 24 km, Datong County, alt. 2280 m, 36°49'N, 101°45'E, 2 Aug. 1998, L B. Cai 9805 (HNWP). Leymus obvipodus L. B. Cai, sp. nov. TYPE: Chi¬ na. Qinghai Province: Dulan County, Farm Nu- omuhong, alt. 2900 in, 36°29'N, 96°27'E, 25 Aug. 1998, L. B. Cai & L Zhi 98084 (holo- type, HNWP; isotype, MO). Figure 2. Culmi 40—75 cm alti. Inflorescentia ex panicula spici- formi 8—18 cm longa constans; rhachidi e quoque nodo spiculas unam vel duas manifeste pedunculatas 4- ad 8- floras gerente; glumis lineari-lanceolatis vel lanceolatis, I- ad 3-nervibus; lemmatibus lanceolatis, nitidis, obscure 5- nervibus, secus vel prope margines pubescentibus, lemmate primo 7—10 mm longo. Perennial herbs, with extended rhizomes. Culms solitary or loosely caespitose, erect or slightly ge¬ niculate below, 40—75 cm tall, 2—3 mm diam., 2- to 3-noded, densely pubescent just below the spike. Leaf sheaths sometimes puberulent, the basal sheaths persistent, becoming fibrous; ligules 1-2 mm long, membranous, obtuse; leaf blades invo¬ lute, 6-18 X 0.2—0.4 cm, upper and lower surfaces densely puberulent. Spike-like panicles erect, lax, greenish, 8—18 X 0.6—0.8 cm; rachis internodes generally 5-20 mm long or basal ones up to 50 mm, all densely pubescent; spikelets 1 or 2 at each node of the rachis, all pedicellate, 4- to 8-flowered, 11-18 mm long (excluding pedicel); pedicels densely pubescent, 1-14 mm long; rachilla inter¬ nodes 0.5-2 mm long, densely puberulent; glumes linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1- to 3-nerved, gla¬ brous or scabrid on the back, membranous along the margins, gradually tapering into an awn 2-4 mm long; first glume 5—6.5 mm long (excluding awn), second glume 6-7.5 mm long; lemmas lan¬ ceolate, lustrous, glabrous or scabrid on the back, pubescent along or near the margins, obscurely 5- nerved; first lemma 7—10 mm long, with a short mucro 1—3 mm long; paleas slightly shorter than the lemmas, 2-keeled, bifid, sparsely spinulate along the keels, glabrous between the keels. An¬ thers yellowish, ca. 4 mm long. Caryopses brown, pubescent at the apex, ca. 4.9 X 1.1 mm, adherent to the lemma and palea. Distribution and habitat. Leymus obvipodus is 10 Novon Figure 2. Ijpymus obvipodus F. B. Cai. —A. Plant. —B. Junction of sheath and blade to show ligule. —C. Spikelet. —L). Dorsal view of the first floret. —E. Ventral view of the first floret. —F. Anthers. —G. Caryopsis. —H. First glume. —I. Second glume. Volume 10, Number 1 2000 Cai New Species of Leymus 11 known only from the type collections. It is restrict¬ ed to the middle and eastern parts of Qinghai prov¬ ince, China, growing at the margins of woodlands and in wastelands at an altitude of 2280 to 2900 m on soils that are blackish and sandy. This species was initially identified as Leymus divaricatus, but differs by its always pedicellate spikelets, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate glumes with 1 to 3 nerves, longer spike-like panicles, taller culms, and lanceolate lemmas with 5 obscure nerves and pubescent margins. In geographic range, moreover, L. divaricatus is distributed in central Asia and L. obvipodus in China. Leymus ob¬ vipodus is closely related to L. aristiglumus from Qinghai, China, differing by its lax, longer spike¬ like panicles, pedicellate spikelets with 4 to 8 flo¬ rets, narrower glumes, and longer, lustrous lemmas. It may be distinguished from these species by the following key: la. Spikelets 1 or 2 at each node of the rachis, ped¬ icellate or partly pedicellate, 4- to 10-flowered; lemma lustrous, usually 7-10 mm long. 2a. Spikelets partly pedicellate; glumes linear- suhulate, obscurely 1-nerved; lemma broadly lanceolate, 5- to 7-nerved, glabrous; spike 6—10 cm long; culm 20-40 cm high. . L. divaricatus (Drobow) Tzvelev 2h. Spikelets always pedicellate; glumes linear- lanceolate or lanceolate. I - to 3-nerved; lem¬ ma lanceolate, obscurely 5-nerved, pubes¬ cent along or near the margins; spike-like panicle 8—18 cm long; culm 40-75 cm high . L. obvipodus L. B. Cai lh. Spikelets 2 or 3 at each node of the rachis, ses¬ sile, 3- to 4-flowered; lemma not lustrous, usu¬ ally 6—7 mm long. L. aristiglumus I,. B. Cai Paratype. CHINA. Qinghai: Xining to Huang yuan highway 4 km, Xining, alt. 2280 m, 36°36'N, 101°44'E, 30 Aug. 1998, L B. Cai & R. H. Ma 9828 (HNWP). Acknowledgments. I thank Zhao Xin-quan for help in the preparation of the manuscript, Ma Bi- hua and Zhi Li for assistance with fieldwork, and Yang Zhi-xia for making the type collections. Literature Cited Barkworth, M. E. & B. J. Riley. 1984. Leymus Hochst. (Gramineae: Triticeae) in North America: Taxonomy and distribution. Amer. J. Bot. 71: 609—625. Cai, L. B. 1995. New taxa of leymus from China. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33: 491-496. [In Chinese.] -. 1997. Material for the genus leymus (Poaceae). Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 17: 28-32. [In Chinese.] Hochstetter, C. E. 1848. Nachtraglicher Commentar zu meiner Abhandlung: “Aufbau der Graspflanze etc." Elo- ra 7: 105—118. keng, Y. L. (Editor). 1959. Pp. 431-434 in Elora lllus- tralis Plantarum Primarum Sinicarum Gramineae. Sci. Publ. House, Beijing. |In Chinese.] Kuo, P. C. & S. J. Wang. 1981. Researches on the evo¬ lution of the inflorescence and the generic relationships of the Triticeae in China. Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 1: 12-19. [In Chinese.] Melderis, A. 1980. leymus. In T. G. lutin et al. (editors), Elora Europaea 5: 190-192. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. Pilger, R. 1954. Das System der Gramineae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 76: 281-384. Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Poaceae USSR. Nauka. Leningrad. Wang, S. J. & P. C. kuo. 1982. Researches on the origin of the inflorescence and the tribe relationships of Tri¬ ticeae. Acta Bot. Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 2: 8-19. [In Chi¬ nese.] Zhang, H. B. & .1. DvoFak. 1991. The genome origin of tetraploid species of leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) in¬ ferred from variation in repeated nucleotide sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 78: 871—884. A New Varietal Combination in a Central American Hydrolea (Hydrophyllaceae) L J. Davenport Department of Biology, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama 35229-2234, U.S.A. Amy Pool Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Abstract. The new combination Hydrolea spi- nosa var. cervantesii (Brand) L. J. Davenport & A. Pool is proposed for the illegitimate name Hydrolea spinosa var. maior (Brand) L. J. Davenport. In the process of editing the Hydrophyllaceae for the Flora de Nicaragua, the junior author discov¬ ered a range extension into Nicaragua (Estelf, Mo¬ reno 25138, MO) of Hydrolea spinosa var. maior (Brand) L. J. Davenport. This taxon—native to stream and pond margins, like other members of the genus—was previously reported only from the Pacific slope of Mexico and Guatemala. Along with the range extension, an error in the original pub¬ lication of its name was noted. In Davenport’s (1988) monograph of Hydrolea, he proposed die new combination Hydrolea spinosa L. var. maior (Brand) L. J. Davenport based on Hy¬ drolea cervantesii Brand var. maior Brand. Hydrolea cervantesii was cited as a synonym of this new com¬ bination; i.e., the type of //. cervantesii was includ¬ ed within the circumscription of the varietal taxon. When Brand (1913) proposed his variety maior, lie automatically established the autonym Hydrolea cervantesii var. cervantesii. Following Article 11.6 of the International Code oj Botanical Nomencla¬ ture (Greuter et al., 1994), the autonym has priority over names of the same date that established it. Therefore, //. cervantesii var. cervantesii lias priority over H. cervantesii var. maior at varietal rank. Since the types of both cervantesii and maior are included within a single varietal circumscription, a new tri¬ nomial combination in Hydrolea spinosa is needed and so is proposed below. Hydrolea spinosa L. var. cervantesii (Brand) L. J. Davenport & A. Pool, comb. nov. Basionym; Hydrolea cervantesii Brand var. cervantesii, in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 251 (Heft 59): 184. 1913. TYPE: Mexico. Cervantes s.n. (not seen; possibly with other Cervantes material at BR, B, MA, or MEXU [Lanjouw & Stafleu, 1954]). Hydrolea cervantesii var. maior Brand, in Engler, Pflan¬ zenr. IV. 251 (Heft 59): 184. 1913. Syn. nov. Hydro- lea spinosa var. maior (Brand) E. J. Davenport, lilio- dora 90: 187. 1988. TYPE: Mexico. Michoacdn or Guerrero: El Ocote, 12 Nov. 1898. txmglass4 6 19 (holotype, G not seen; isotypes, (ill, US). Acknowledgments. We thank W. D. Stevens for his advice and encouragement. Literature Cited Brand, A. 1913. Hydrophyllaceae. In: A. Engler (editor). Das Pflanzenreich IV. 251 (Heft 59): 1-210. Davenport, E. J. 1988. A monograph of Hydrolea (Hydro¬ phyllaceae). Bhodora 90: 169—208. Greuter, W.. E IE Barrie, 11. M. Burdet, W. (E Chaloner, V. Demoulin, D. E. Hawksworth, P M. Jprgensen, D. H. Nieolson, P. C. Silva. P. Trehane & J. McNeill (editors). 1994. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code). Regnum Veg. 131: i-389. Eanjouw, J. & E. A. Stafleu. 1954. Index Herhariorum, pt. 2: Collectors (A—D). International Bureau for Plant Tax¬ onomy and Nomenclature, Utrecht. Novon 10: 12. 2000. A New Name in Chinese Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) Ding Zhizun (Ting Chih-tsun) Herbarium, Jiangsu Botanical Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, People’s Republic of China Michael G. Gilbert Missouri Botanical Garden, c/o Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. Nicholas J. Turland Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, U.S.A. Abstract. During preparation of the account of Dioscoreaceae for the Flora of China, it was no¬ ticed that one species is illegitimately named, being a later homonym: Dioscorea parviflora C. T. Ting (1979). not Philippi (1864). The following new name (nomen novum) is therefore proposed here: D. sinoparviflora C. T. Ting, M. G. Gilbert & Tur¬ land. Dioscorea sinoparviflora C. T. Ting, M. G. Gil¬ bert & Turland, nom. nov. Replaced name: Dioscorea parviflora C. T. Ting, in C. Pei et al., Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(3): 69. 1979. Not Phi¬ lippi, Linnaea 33: 257. 1864. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Yongsheng Xian, Xinghe, 1600 m. Mar. 1963, Q. Y. Liang 63009 (holotype, NAS). Dioscorea parviflora C. T. Ting (in Pei et al., 1979: 69—70) was described from Yongsheng Coun¬ ty (Xian) in northwestern Yunnan Province, China. Unfortunately, the name is illegitimate under Arti¬ cle 53.1 of the Tokyo Code (Greuter et al., 1994) because an earlier homonym exists: D. parviflora Philippi (1864), described from Chile. The Chinese species will be accepted by Ding and Gilbert, as endemic to Yunnan Province, in their forthcoming account of Dioscoreaceae in the Flora of China (in press). Therefore, a new name for D. parviflora is required, and D. sinoparviflora C. T. Ting, M. G. Gilbert & Turland is proposed here. Dioscorea sin¬ oparviflora is most similar to D. zingiberensis C. H. Wright, which is also endemic to China, occurring in Gansu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces. Dioscorea sinoparviflora dif¬ fers from D. zingiberensis in having perianth lobes 0.8—1.2 X 0.6-0.8 mm (vs. 1.2-1.5 X 0.8-1 mm) and capsules longer than wide (vs. ca. as long as wide). Both species can be readily distinguished from others in China by the peltate attachment of most leaf blades. Moreover, D. zingiberensis is the only Chinese species recorded as being monoe¬ cious. Literature Cited Greuter, W., F. R. Barrie, H. M. Burdet, W. (7 Chaloner, V. Demoulin, I). I.. Hawksworth, It M. Jqrgensen. I). H. Nieolson, I*. (7 Silva, P. Trehane & J. McNeill (editors). 1994. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code). Regnum Veg. 131. Pei, C., C. T. Ting, H. C. Chin, P. Su, S. Y. Tang & 11. C. Chang. 1979. A preliminary systematic study of Dios¬ corea L. sect. Stenophora Uline. Acta. Phytotax. Sin. 17(3): 61-72. Philippi, R. A. 1864. Plantarum novarum Chilensium. Centuriae inclusis quibusdam Mendocinis et Patagoni- cis. Linnaea 33: 1—308. Ding. /. Z. |Ting, (7 T.| & M. G. Gilbert. In press. Dios¬ coreaceae. In: Z. Y. Wu & P 11. Raven (editors), Flora of China, Vol. 24. Science Press, Reijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Novon 10: 13. 2000. New Species of Moraea (Iridaceae—Iridoideae) from Southern Africa Peter Goldblatt It. A. krukoff Curator of African Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. John C. Manning National Botanical Institute, P. Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa Abstract. Moraea melanops, M. deltoidea, M. vespertina, and M. vigilans are new species of the southern African genus Moraea (ca. 195 species), of subfamily Iridoideae of the Iridaceae. Moraea vespertina belongs to subgenus Visciramosa, now comprising six species. It has the characteristic branched stems, viscous secretion on the nodes and internodes, and free, connivent anthers of the sub¬ genus, but is distinctive in its white flowers that open for a few hours in the late afternoon, and basal fan of four to six, firm-textured leaves. Moraea del¬ toidea, from the Klein River Mountains in Western Cape Province, and M. vigilans, from the northern high Drakensberg of Free State and KwaZulu-Na¬ tal, belong in subgenus Vieusseuxia and are allied to the M. unguiculata complex of the subgenus. Moraea deltoidea has vestigial style branches and inner tepals that are more or less entire to obscure¬ ly three-lobed. Moraea melanops is the eighth spe¬ cies of section Galaxia series Eurystigma, one of two series of the exclusively western southern Af¬ rican section of 16 species distributed from the Bredasdorp District of Western Cape Province to northern Namaqualand in Northern Cape Province. Vegetatively resembling other Western Cape spe¬ cies, including M. barnardiella and M. versicolor, M. melanops can be distinguished by its purple to lilac perianth with a dark purple-black center, and stamens partly to entirely free; like M. barnardiella it has laxly spreading tepals that do not form a floral cup. Moraea, with some 195 species (Goldblatt, 1998), is the largest African genus of tribe Irideae of Iridoideae, one of four subfamilies of the Irida¬ ceae as currently recognized. The genus is defined by bifacial, channeled to flat leaves and a unique type of cormous rootstock consisting of a single en¬ larged internode that is derived entirely from an axillary bud. The genus is currently divided into five subgenera (Goldblatt, 1986). Subgenus Viscir¬ amosa, to which the new M. vespertina belongs, is restricted to the southern African winter-rainfall zone and now includes six species. Two more new species belong in the southern African and largely winter-rainfall subgenus Vieussseuxia and appear to be allied to a complex of species, the most wide¬ spread and common of which is the small-flowered M. unguiculata Ker Gawler. Moraea deltoidea, which has vestigial style crests and undivided, lan¬ ceolate inner tepals, is restricted to the mountains around Hermanus on the southern coast of Western Cape Province. Moraea vigilans occurs in the high Drakensberg of Free State and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces of South Africa and northeastern Leso¬ tho. Also restricted to the southern African winter- rainfall zone is Moraea melanops of section Gal- axia, which now includes 16 species, evenly shared among two series. The new M. melanops belongs to series Eurystigma, most species of which, like M. melanops, have broadly lanceolate to ovate leaves and flowers in shades of pink to lilac. 1. Moraea vespertina Goldblatt X J. C. Manning, sp. nov. TYPE: South Africa. Northern Cape Province: Calvinia District, rocky lulls E of Nieuwoudtville, 31 Oct. 1996, Goldblatt & Manning 10580 (holotype, NBG; isotypes. K, MO, PRE). Figure 1A. Plantae 70—100 cm altae, cormo globose 15—25 mm diametro tunicis reticulatis fibrosis brunneis obtecto, foliis usitate 4—6 linearibus 5—8 mm latis, caule perramoso, spatha interne inflorescentis 40—45 mm longis, floribus albis ffavis notatis, tepalorum oblongomm unguiculatorum limbis reflexis, externorum unguibus areuatis ca. 11 mm longis, limbis 30—35 X ca. 15 mm, internorum limbis ca. 30 X ca. 9 mm, filamentis 7—8 mm longis infeme in col- umnam gracilem eonniventibus supeme per 1.5 mm div- ergentibus, antheris albis ca. 6 mm longis, styli ramis ca. 8 mm longis cristis anguste linearibus erectis ca. 15 mm longis ornatis, ovario exserto anguste elavato truncatis ca. 10 mm longo, capsulis ovoideis, 18—25 mm longis. Plants 70—100 cm high. Corm globose, 15—25 Nov ON 10: 14-21. 2000. Volume 10, Number 1 2000 Goldblatt & Manning New Moraea from Southern Africa 15 16 Novon mm diam., the tunics of coarse, red-brown fibers connected in herringbone fashion by fine cross fi¬ bers. Cataphylls papery, uppermost reaching short¬ ly above the ground, becoming dry and dark brown by flowering time, then often irregularly broken. Foliage leaves usually four to six, the lower three to five basal, distichous, the blades channeled, arching outward, mostly 5—8 mm wide, the upper¬ most cauline and shorter than the basal. Stem erect, the main axis lightly llexuose, viscous below the nodes for half the length of an internode, bearing an entirely sheathing bract-like leaf at each of the upper nodes, these 4-6.5 mm long, green below, dry and light brown above, the apices attenuate and dry, bearing one or rarely two lateral branches at each of the upper three or four nodes, those at the lower nodes sometimes two internodes long and also branched, the branches erect and parallel to the stem below. Hexed outward above the sheathing leaf. Inflorescence a rhipidium, terminal on the branches, several-flowered; spathes unequal, dull green, becoming somewhat purplish with age, the margins dry and membranous, with dry, brown at¬ tenuate apices, the outer 20—25 mm long, the inner 40—45 nun long. Flowers white, almost translucent, the outer tepals each with a yellow nectar guide streaked with darker veins at the limb base, lightly lemon-scented, the tepal claws arching upward and forming a cup enclosing the filaments and anther bases; tepals clawed, the outer larger than the inner, the claws arcuate, erect above, 10-11 nun long, claws of the outer tepals reaching to about the mid¬ dle of the anthers and with a large basal green nec¬ tary, the limbs lanceolate, narrowly acute to atten¬ uate, spreading horizontally or dipping up to 45° below the horizontal, the outer 30—35 X ca. 15 mm, the inner 28—30 X 8—9 mm. Filaments 7—8 mm long, free but connivent below 7 and forming a slen¬ der col umn, diverging in the upper 1.5 mm; anthers ca. 6 mm long, oblong but wider below and with the connective evident on the abaxial side, ap- pressed to the style branches, white, the pollen white. Ovary exserted, narrowly club-shaped, ca. 10 mm long; style dividing at the apex of the fila¬ ment column, the branches ca. 8X8 mm, ascend¬ ing, the stigmatic flap bilobed with a sterile acute central appendage, the crests linear, erect, ca. 15 mm long. Capsules narrowly ovoid to oblong, 18— 25 mm long, suberect to nearly horizontal; seeds angular, the angles ± ridged to winged, ca. 4—5 X 3 mm, dark brown. Flowering October and early November; flowers open at 4:00-4:30 l\M. and wilt at 7:30-8:00 p.m. Etymology. From the Latin vespertina, “early evening,” referring to flower phenology, opening in the late afternoon and lasting until shortly after nightfall. Distribution and biology. Moraea vespertina is endemic to the Bokkeveld Escarpment near Nieu- woudtville in the Calvinia District of Northern Cape Province, South Africa. It occurs in a very special¬ ized habitat and is currently known only from two relatively small populations a short distance east and northeast of the town of Nieuwoudtville. Plants grow in heavy red doleritic clay soil in low outcrops of dolerite. Drainage is poor anil the ground re¬ mains waterlogged for most of the growing season, sometimes even into flowering time in early Novem¬ ber. This peculiar habitat is home to a character¬ istic suite of species, including Berkheya glabrata (Thunberg) Fourcade (Asteraceae), Sparaxis pillan- sii L. Bolus (Iridaceae), and Zantedeschia odorata P. Perry (Araceae), which are rare elsewhere, and Cyanella aquatica G. Scott (Tecophilaeaceae), which occurs nowhere else. Relationships. The sixth member of the taxo- nomically isolated subgenus Visciramosa (Gold- blatt, 1976, 1986), Moraea vespertina has the typ¬ ical attributes of the subgenus, including sticky internodes, multiple leaves, branched stems, rela¬ tively short inflorescence spathes, and free, conni¬ vent filaments. It is distinctive in having four to six foliage leaves, whereas other species of the sub¬ genus rarely have more than two, and a large white, lightly scented flower that opens in the late after¬ noon. The flowers are fairly typical of the genus in having larger outer tepals with a spreading limb bearing a nectar guide at the base, smaller, un¬ marked inner tepals, and broad style crests with prominent, erect crests. The only other white-flow¬ ered species of the subgenus, M. viscaria (L.f.) Ker Gawler, is a smaller plant that has small, strongly scented flowers that open in the middle of the af¬ ternoon. At present, we cannot suggest any species within subgenus Visciramosa as being obviously al¬ lied to M. vespertina. The presence of multiple leaves is often a plesiomorphie character, and on this basis M. vespertina might be regarded as the least derived species in the subgenus. Other spe¬ cies have two, or rarely three, leaves, and favor well-drained habitats, usually in sandy soil. 2. Moraea dellnidea Goldblatt & J. G. Manning, sp. nov. TYPE: South Africa. Western Cape: Klein River Mountains, Vogelgat Nature Re¬ serve, near Mainstream, 23 Nov. 1996, Hane- kom s.n. (holotype, NBG; isotypes, MO, PRE). Figure 1 B. Volume 10, Number 1 2000 Goldblatt & Manning New Moraea from Southern Africa 17 Plantae 30—40 cm altae, cormo globoso 8—14 mm dia- metro, folio solitario producto lineari canaliculato 1.5-2 mm lato, caule ramoso flexuoso, spatha interna inflores- centis 45—50 mm longa externa longitudine circa dimidio inclusa constante, floribus cremeo-flavis tepalis extends atropunctatis 19-21 mm longis, intends oblanceolatis ca. 14X4 mm, filamentis 5-6.5 mm longis in columnam 4— 5 mm longo connatis, antheris 4—6 mm longis luteis, styli ramis 5-6 mm longis cristis deltoideis fere 1 mm longis ornatis, capsulis clavato-ellipsoideis 8—10 mm longis. Plants 30-40 cm high. Corm globose, 8—14 mm diam., with tunics of light brown, finely textured fibers. Cataphyll usually dry and brown at flower¬ ing, usually irregularly torn into fibrous strips. Fo¬ liage leaf solitary, linear, channeled, exceeding the stem, usually bent and trailing above, 1.5-2 mm wide. Stem erect below, usually curving outward be¬ low the nodes, usually 3 internodes long, branching at each node or only at the uppermost, with up to 3 branches per node, the branches sometimes also branched, with sheathing, bract-like leaves 35-45 mm long at the nodes. Inflorescence a rhipidium, terminal, several-flowered; spathes unequal, atten¬ uate, green below, dry and membranous toward the apices, the inner 45—50 mm long, the outer about half as long. Flowers pale creamy yellow, the outer tepals with dark speckles at the base of the limb and on the claw, the claws spreading at ca. 60° from the vertical, forming a wide cup including the sta¬ mens and style branches, the limbs lightly reflexed; outer tepals broadly obovate, 19-21 mm long, the limb 10—12 X 8—9 mm; inner tepals oblanceolate, ca. 14 X 4 mm. Filaments united in the lower two thirds in a slender column, 4—5 mm long, free and diverging in the upper 1-1.5 mm; anthers 4—6 mm long, widely diverging, cream, the pollen orange, slightly exceeding the stigmatic lobes and occa¬ sionally just exceeding the crests. Ovary included or partly exserted, ca. 4 mm long; style branches slightly wider than the anthers, 5-6 mm long, crests broadly deltoid, slightly less than 1 mm long. Cap¬ sules club-shaped to ellipsoid, 8-10 mm long, well exserted; seeds narrowly prismatic, ca. 2X1 mm. Flowering October and November. Etymology. From the Latin deltoideus, “broadly triangular or D-shaped,” referring to the shape of the reduced, very short style crests. Distribution and biology. Moraea deltoidea is restricted to the southern coast of Western Cape Province between Kleinmond and the Klein River Mountains, near Hermanus. Most of the collections are from the immediate vicinity of Hermanus, either in Fernkloof Nature Reserve or Vogelgat, but we suspect the species has a wider range in these mountains, which extend eastward to Stanford and Akkediskloof. The few specimens of Moraea deltoidea collected in the past were included in the widespread, and fairly variable, M. unguiculata Ker Gawler, which occurs almost throughout the southern African win¬ ter-rainfall zone (Goldblatt, 1986). The two have the same general aspect and vegetative appearance, in¬ cluding the solitary, narrow leaf, branched stem, and fairly slender habit. The differences between the* two are restricted to the flowers. Moraea del¬ toidea has oblanceolate inner tepals with a broad claw and a short, somewhat attenuate limb extend¬ ing outward or reflexed to the same degree as the outer tepal limbs. In M. unguiculata the inner te¬ pals consistently have a fairly narrow claw and tri- lobed limb consisting of two shorter, obtuse lateral lobes and a slender, tapering central lobe that coils inward (Goldblatt, 1986; Goldblatt & Manning, 1995). The style crests of M. unguiculata are usu¬ ally well developed and lanceolate, thus longer than wide. In M. deltoidea the crests are deltoid, and wider than high. Moraea unguiculata is most frequently found on clay slopes, less often on dry sandstone soils, whereas M. deltoidea occurs exclu¬ sively on well-watered, south-facing rocky sand¬ stone slopes. Available information from amateur naturalists indicates that it flowers only after wild¬ fires. Moraea deltoidea may also be confused with M. tricuspidata D. Delaroche, which typically has larg¬ er, white or cream flowers. The trilobed inner tepals of this species have short, fairly broad, obtuse outer lobes and a short, narrow central lobe that curves inward obliquely, but is not coiled as is typical of the central inner tepal lobe in M. unguiculata. Faratypes. SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape: 3419 (Caledon) Kleinmond (AC), 15 Oct. 1996. Moslert 200 (NRG); Onrus Mountains, Glen Fruin, on burnt, peaty sandstone slope, Nov. 1991, Barker 302 (K. MO. NRG, I’ll K); Vogelgat Nature Reserve (AD), 12 Nov. 1986, Wil¬ liams 3731 (NRG), 20 Oct. 1982. Williams 3350 (NRG). Fernkloof Nature Reserve, Droekloof, 13 Nov. 1996, Drewe 1016 (NRG): Fernkloof Nature Reserve, Gandoger's marsh, 23 Nov. 1996, Drewe 1073 (MO, NRG). 3. Moraea vigilans Goldblatt & J. C. Manning, sp. nov. TYPE: South Africa. Free State: slopes of The Sentinel, 15 Feb. 1999, Goldblatt & Manning 11046 (holotype, NBG; isotypes, K, MO, PRE). Figures 2, 3. Plantae 50—70 cm altae, cormo globoso 8— 15(—20) mm diametro tunicis fibrosis obtecto, folio producto solitario canaliculato lineari, caule ramoso flexuoso, inflorescentiae spatha externa 30—35 mm longa, interna 50-55 mm longa, floribus leviter odoratis, tepalorum externorum 24-28 mm longorum, ungue 7—9 mm longo, limbo obovato-rotundato albo leviter vel dense malvino-maculato, tepalis intends 18 Novon %• • Figure 2. Comparison of the flowers of Monica vigilans (left) and M. hrevistyla (right), photographed in the field. triouspidatis. brunneis 8.5—10 nun longis, filamentis in columnam 3 mm longa connatis apieem versus per 1—1.5 mm liberis. ramis styli ea. 4 mm longis eristis brunneis 3—1 turn longis ornatis. Plants 50—70 cm high. Conn globose, 8-15(-20) mm diam. with fibrous tunics. Foliage leaf solitary, produced close to the ground, channeled and often about as long as the stem but usually bent and trailing above, linear, 3-4 mm wide. Stem 3 or 4 internodes long, usually branched at the 2 upper internodes, with up to 4 branches per node, each node bearing a sheathing, bract-like leaf 4.2—5 cm long, tbis green with a dry, brown, acute apex. Rhipidia terminal on the branches, flexed at the base, 3—4(—5)-flowered; spathes green, with dry, brown, acute(—attenuate) apices, the outer 30—35 mm long, the inner 50—55 mm long. Flowers usu¬ ally white, often faintly tinged with mauve espe¬ cially on the outside, the outer tepal limbs with bluish bands or spots toward the base and speckled with mauve over the lower third, sometimes over the lower two-thirds, rarely over tin* entire surface, the claws banded with mauve, the inner tepals brownish, speckled with cream, lightly sweet scent¬ ed; outer tepals 24—28 mm long, evidently glabrous, Figure 3. Inner tepals and stamen-style branch appara¬ tus of Moraea hrevistyla (A) and M. vigilans (B), (Goldblatt & Manning 11046). Scale bar 5 mm. Drawn bv J. C. Man¬ ning. the claw ascending, 7-9 mm long, with a small ob¬ long nectary at the base, the nectary covered by a flap of tissue ca. 2 mm long, the limb orbicular to broadly ovate, held slightly above the horizontal, 18—20 X 14—17 mm; inner tepals 8.5—10 mm long, the claw ca. 3.5 mm long, erect, the limb tricus- pidate, with outer lobes spathulate and erect, 5—6 mm long, inner lobe filiform, arching outward, mostly 4—6 mm long. Filaments united in a column ca. 3 mm long, diverging in the upper 1—1.5 mm; anthers appressed to the style branches, ca. 4 mm long, bluish, with acute apex, pollen yellow. Ovary oblong, 5-6 mm long; style dividing at the top of the filament column, the branches 4—5 mm long, reaching the apex of the outer tepal claws, the crests narrowly triangular, 3—4 mm long, brown. Capsules oblong, 12—15 X ca. 5 mm; seeds angular, ca. 1.2 mm long. Flowering January' to mid February. Etymology. From the Latin vigilans , “vigilant, watchful,” referring to the type locality. Sentinel Peak in the northern high Drakensberg Range. Distribution and biology. Moraea vigilans is ev¬ idently a local endemic of the high Drakensberg presently known only from the slopes of The Sen¬ tinel, which lies close to the borders of KwaZulu- Natal and Free State Provinces of South Africa and the northeast corner of the landlocked kingdom of Lesotho. Plants are locally common on steep, moist Volume 10, Number 1 2000 Goldblatt & Manning New Moraea from Southern Africa 19 slopes in basalt outcrops where they grow in peaty loam. In this well-watered part of the Drakensberg, the ground remains moist throughout the growing season, November to March. We have no observa¬ tions on the pollination of M. vigilnns but assume that, like its relatives M. brevistyla (Goldblatt) Goldblatt and M. trifidn R. C. Foster, it is polli¬ nated by anthophrine bees in search of the small quantity of nectar held at the base of each outer tepal claw (Goldblatt et al., 1989, and unpublished data). It is puzzling, however, that while we have seen the large bee, Amegilln capensis, visiting M. brevistyla on three separate occasions and M. trifidn once, no visits occurred to M. vigilnns, although that bee was active when the plant was in bloom and it was growing within a few meters of the other two Moraen species. Relationships. Moraea vigilnns has the relative¬ ly small flower that lasts at least two clays, and re¬ duced, tricuspidate inner tepals characteristic of subgenus Vieusseuxia of the genus. Within the sec¬ tion it is evidently allied to other Drakensberg spe¬ cies of the subgenus, and is perhaps most closely related to the common and widespread Drakens¬ berg species M. brevistyla (Goldblatt, 1986), with which it is easily confused. Herbarium specimens of the two species can only be distinguished by careful measurement of the floral parts, but when seen alive the difference in tepal orientation and coloring makes it immediately clear that these are separate species (Fig. 2). They actually grow within a few meters of one another on the slopes of The Sentinel: M. brevistyln grows on deeper soils on grassy slopes and M. vigilnns is confined to basalt outcrops. Their flowering times overlap, and they can readily be compared with one another. It then becomes obvious that they are separate species. The most striking difference between the two is that the broadly ovate to orbicular outer tepal limbs of M. vigilnns are spreading or held up to 30° above the plane defined by a right angle relative to the rhipidium-ovary axis. In contrast, the narrower, ob- lanceolate-obovate outer tepal limbs of M. brevis¬ tyla are weakly to strongly reflexed, and the limbs are usually pinched inward in the proximal third. Less apparent are the shorter outer tepal claws of M. vigilnns , 7-9 mm long, and the shorter filament column and style branches, the latter reaching op¬ posite the apex of the outer tepal limb. The short, brownish crests extend upward above the base of the tepal limbs for up to 4 mm. The outer tepal claws of M. brevistyla are 9-11 mm long, the fila¬ ments and anthers are longer than those of M. vi¬ gilnns (12-15 mm combined length in M. brevistyln vs. ca. 8.5 mm in M. vigilnns), and the style f igure 4. f lowering plants of Moraea melanops (Gold¬ blatt & Nanni 10249). Scale bar I cm. Drawn by J. C. Manning. branches usually exceed the outer tepal limbs by up to 3.5 mm, while the white style crests extend upward a further 5 mm (Fig. 3). Although the two species appear virtually identical vegetatively, the stalks of M. vigilnns are more willowy anil tend to lean toward the ground, whereas the main stem and branches of M. brevistyla are often stiffly erect. Despite its being locally common and growing along a well-used hiking trail, Moraea vigilnns ap¬ pears to have been overlooked in the past. As far as we have been able to determine, the first collec¬ tion of the species was made by the Denver horti¬ culturist Panayoti Kelaidis in 1997. He drew our attention to the plant, and two years later we made the type collection. Paratypes. SOUTH AFRICA. Free State: 2828 (Bethlehem) slopes of The Sentinel (l)B), Jan. I'4*47, Ke¬ laidis s.n. (MO). 4, Moraea melanops Goldblatt & J. C. Manning, sp. nov. TYPE: South Africa. Western Cape: Bredasdorp District, Fairfield Farm, 18 Aug. 1995, Goldblatt & Niinni 10249 (holotype, NBG; isotypes, K, MO). Figure 4. Plantae acaulescentes usque ail 4 cm altae, cormo glo- 20 Novon boso 10—15 mm diametro, foliis oliovalis usque oblanceo- latis prostratis 20-35 X 10-14 mm marginibus undulatis, floribus in fasciculo laxo, spathis bracteisque foliaceis marginibus undulatis, floribus hypocrateriformibus pur- pureis in centra atropuq>ureis, tubo perianthii 18-27 mm longo cylindrico, tepalis patentibus vel leviter cupulatis obovatis ca. 16 X 9-10 mm, filamentis lil>eris vel infime eonnatis superne divergentibus, anllieris ca. 3 mm longis. stylo erecto ca. 7 mm longo, antheris per ca. 1 mm su¬ perantibus, styli lobulis primo erectis eohaerentibus dein- de supra antheras expansis. Plants acaulescent, forming small tufts up to 4 cm high. Corm globose, asymmetric below, 10—15 mm diam., the tunics of cartilaginous layers, with age decaying into libers arranged in herringbone pattern, or with hard vertical claw-like ribs sepa¬ rated by fine cross fibers, accumulating with age in a dense mass. Cataphylls membranous, persisting and accumulating with the remains of the past sea¬ son’s stems to form a fibrous neck around the un¬ derground part of the stem. Leaves not clearly dis¬ tinguished from the floral bracts, only the lowermost inserted well below the ground shortly above the corm, this fairly short and inconspicuous, only two other leaves not associated with a flower, these in¬ serted at ground level, the bases partly enclosing the inflorescence, the blades loosely prostrate, ob- ovate to lanceolate, 20-35 X 10—14 mm, undulate, the margins occasionally crisped, especially on the proximal edges, leaves each subtending a flower, oblong or narrowly lanceolate, ± falcate and chan¬ neled, the margins usually crisped. Inflorescence a loose cluster of 2 to 5 flowers, each subtended by a leaf-like bract and a short sheathing bract; the floral hracts 22—24 mm long, pale and membranous in the lower half and the sheaths closed, broader above and green, obscurely bicarinate. Flowers hy- pocrateriform, light to dark purple, dark purple- black in the center; perianth tube cylindric, 18—27 mm long, ca. 1.8 mm wide, closed at the apex; tepals subequal, laxly spreading, obovate, ca. 16 X 9—10 mm. Filaments free or fused in the lower half, initially erect and contiguous, later diverging, ca. 3 mm long, yellow; anthers ca. 3 mm long, yellow, the pollen yellow. Ovary oblong-cylindric, ca. 4 mm long; style straight and erect, reaching ca. 1 mm beyond the anther apices, dividing into three short lobes, initially the lobes upright and appressed to one another, later becoming horizontal and lying just above the anthers. Capsules and seeds un¬ known. Flowering mid August to early September. Etymology. From the Greek melanos, "black” and ops, “eye,” referring to the dark central pig¬ mentation of the flower. Distribution and biology. Moraea melanops is a rare endemic of the Caledon and Bredasdorp Dis¬ tricts of Western Cape Province, South Africa. The low-growing plants are inconspicuous and even in flower may be missed because of their close resem¬ blance to co-blooming species of purple-flowered Romulea rosea (L.) Ecklon (Iridaceae), Oxalis pur¬ purea L. (Oxalidaceae), and a species of Drosera (Droseraceae). It grows in heavy clay soil in renos- terveld and flowers well only in disturbed sites where the vegetation has been burnt or heavily grazed so that the surrounding shrubby vegetation does not shade out the plants. The species may well be more common than is currently believed, but is so far known only from Fairfield Estate near Napier, Teslaarsdal, some distance west of Fairfield, and north of the Potberg, to the east. Plants of the latter collection are in fruit, so identification is provision¬ al. Plants from the Teslaarsdal site, collected in 1976, were assigned to the related M. barnardiella Goldblatt (as Galaxia barnardii Goldblatt) by Gold- blatt (1979). It seems reasonable to assume that M. melanops grows in similar habitats along the foot of the Klein River Mountain-Bredasdorp-Potberg axis. Moraea barnardiella is known only from Caledon and west and north of the town as far as Villiersdorp (Goldblatt, 1979, and later herbarium records). The purple flowers with a dark center and spreading, rather than cupped, tepals recall partic¬ ularly Moraea barnardiella, and it is to that species that M. melanops is most closely allied. Vegetative- ly, they appear to be identical and only the flowers differ. While M. melanops has free, slightly diverg¬ ing filaments and the style exceeding the anthers and with fairly narrow lobes, M. barnardiella (Gold¬ blatt, 1979) has the filaments free in the upper third and strongly diverging above, the style divid¬ ing opposite the middle of the anthers, and the style lobes themselves broader than in M. melanops. Examination of living plants of this species has suggested to us an interpretation of the “inflores¬ cence” in Moraea sect. Galaxia. Individual flowers are subtended by two foliar structures, a shorter inner and longer outer one, both with closed sheaths and inserted a short distance below the base of the ovary, i.e., at the base of a pedicel. The flower and these two foliar structures share a short stalk, a branch or peduncle (the distinction does not exist in subfamily lridoideae). At the base of the branch/peduncle there is a scale-like membra¬ nous prophyll with two keels, exactly the organ one would expect at the base of a branch in the Irida¬ ceae. This unit seems to us consistent with an in¬ terpretation that considers the flower and two as¬ sociated foliar structures homologous with the branch and rhipidium, the inflorescence type of all Volume 10, Number 1 2000 Goldblatt & Manning New Moraea from Southern Africa 21 lridoideae. The rhipidium is in this case single- flowered (a rhipidium is a type of monochasial cyme in which the inflorescence axis is collapsed, the flowers are thus borne in umbels, and the entire structure is laterally compressed and enclosed by opposed leaf-like bracts, the spathes). Single-flow¬ ered rhipidia are not common in the subfamily, but occur iti depauperate plants in several genera, and are apomorphic in Moraea cooperi Baker (Goldblatt, 1986). The single flower on each of the branches of this species is subsessile and enclosed by op¬ posed leathery spathes. The spathes are unequal, tlit 1 ; inner one longer than the outer, and both are entirely sheathing. We suggest this is homologous with the pattern described for each flower in section Galaxia. In species of lridoideae that have rhipidia with more than one flower, each additional flower is subtended by a membranous two-keeled bract. Thus we interpret the cluster of flowers borne at ground level in a basal rosette found in section Gal¬ axia as a compound structure of two or more rhip- idial inflorescences, each with a single flower, and arranged in umbellate fashion. Paratypes. SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape: 3419 (Caledon) 2 km E of Shaw’s Pass on the road to Teslaars- dal (AD), 13 Sep. 1976, Goldblatt 4093 (MO, MIC); 15 km \\V of Napier. Fairfield Farm, poorly drained clay on gentle slope (BC), 27 July 1995, Kemper IPC811 (NBG). 3420 (Bredasdorp) Potteberg North, recently burnt lower slopes (BC). 11 Oct. 1967 (fr), Taylor 7198 (NBC). Acknowledgments. We thank Neil MacGregor for hospitality and help in the field at Nieuwoudt- ville, Ingrid Nanni for help finding Moraea melan- ops on F airfield Estate, Panayoti Kelaidis for draw¬ ing our attention to the existence of M. vigilans , and Roy Gereau for checking the Latin descrip¬ tions. Our fieldwork was funded by the National Geographic Society. Literature Cited Goldblatt, P. 1976. Evolution, cytology and subgeneric classification in Moraea (fridaceae). Ann. Missouri Bol. Card. 63: 1-23. -. 1979. Biology and systematics of Galaxia (Iri- daeeae). J. S. African Bot. 45: 385—423. -. 1986. The Moraeas of Southern Africa. Ann. kir- stenbosch Bot. Card. 14: 1-224. -. 1998. Reduction of Barnardiella, Galaxia, Gyn- andriris , Hexaglottis , and Homeria in Moraea (Irida- ceae: Irideae). Novon 8: 371—377. -& J. C. Manning. 1995. New species of southern African Moraea (Iridaceae: lridoideae), and the reduc¬ tion of Rheome. Novon 5: 262-269. -. P Bernhardt & J. C. Manning. 1989. Notes on the pollination mechanisms of Moraea inclinata and M. brevistyla (Iridaceae). PI. Syst. Evol. 163: 201-209. Two New Species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from the Atlantic Coastal Forest in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil Sandra Jules Gomes da Silva and Maria Candida Henrique Mamede Institute) finger hairs unpig- mented, 0.3 mm long; anthers cream-colored, 1.25— 1.55 mm long. Style 6.4—7.6 mm long, straight. Stigma capitate, shallowly bilobed (obscured by pressing), 0.54—0.72 mm wide. Nectar disk at base of ovary, orange on living plants but red/orange nectar not observed. Gynoecium glabrous. Berries subspherical, to 8 mm across, orange at maturity. Seeds numerous, subreniform, alveolate, 1.6-1.8 X 1.3-1.5 mm, 0.45—0.54 mm thick, lnfructescence up to 8-fruited. Habitat , phenology, and local name. Jaltomata yungayensis has been collected from 3000 to 4150 rn on steep south-facing scree slopes, in shrub- lands, and on roadsides among shrubs. Flowering and fruiting in January, October, and December, and flowering in April and May. A local name is Volume 10, Number 1 2000 Mione et al. New species of Jaltomata 59 “lampuxso,” and fruits are not eaten (Leiva et al. 2139). Jaltomata yungayensis is similar to J. diversa (Macbride) Mione: both are shrubs of high altitude, and have branchlet hairs on young axes and leaves, and rotate to campanulate corollas. Jaltomata yun- gayensis, from Ancash, has pedunculate inflores¬ cences, and the corolla is purple with a green throat. In contrast, J. diversa from the departments of Apurfmac, Arequipa, Ayacueho, and Cuzco, Peru, lacks peduncles (umbels are sessile) and has a white corolla (Mione, 1999). Paratypes. PERU. Ancash: Prov. Yungay, Huascaran National Park, regione Huaraz, 13 Oct. 1976, Bernardi et al. 16630 (G. NY); Huascaran National Park. Llanganueo Sector, near park entrance, alt. .3330-3525 m, 30 Dee. 1984, Smith & Gooduin 3373 (NY), 19 Jan. 1998. trim el al. 2133 (CONN. M AO): along road from A ungay to lake l.langanueo, pueblo de Huashau, 3000 m, 19 Jan. 1998, h-iva et al. 2139 (HAO). Mione et al. 629. 630 (CONN); Prov. Huavlas, Huascaran National Park, Quebrada Santa Cruz between Lago Santa Cniz Chico and Cashapampa exit. .3870—3350 m. 17 Jan. 1985, Smith et al. 9333 (MO): Huascaran National Park. Auquispuquio area of ruins. 3800—3900 m. 7 Apr. 1986, Smith et 92); Argentina (Ponce, 1987); north and southeastern Brazil (Salino, pers. obs.) 3b. Lamina with apex gradually reduced, confluent and pinnatifill; sporangial capsules without trichomes. 4a. Buds on axils of lowermost pinnae; base of medial pinnae, with aeros- copic side not auriculate . . T. abbiattii C. F. Reed (from southeastern Bra¬ zil and Argentina) 4b. Buds absent on axils ol lowermost pinnae; base ol medial pinnae, with aeroscopie side auriculate, the au¬ ricle often overlapping the raehis . T. riograndensis (Lindman) C. F. Reed (from southeastern Brazil. Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay) 2b. Sori indusiate. 5a. Scales lanceolate on abaxial costa; ad- axial laminar tissue pubescent; tri¬ chomes simple and furcate on abaxial veins . . T. lugubris (Kunze ex Mettenius) R. M. Tryon & A. F. Tryon (from south¬ eastern and central Brazil) 5b. Seales absent on abaxial costa; adaxial laminar tissue glabrous; trichomes ab¬ sent on abaxial veins .... T. scabra (from southeastern Brazil. Argentina, and Paraguay) Acknowledgments. We thank the curators of the following herbaria for loan of specimens and hos¬ pitality during visits: GH, UC, and US. We also thank Alan R. Smith for suggestions, Miryan Mor¬ ale Duarte for preparation of illustrations, Claudia Maria Jacobi and two anonymous reviewers for sug¬ gestions and help with English. Literature Cited Brade, A. C. 1972. () genera Dryopteris (Pteridophyta) no Brasil e sua divisao taxonomica. Bradea 1(22): 191 — 261. Volume 10, Number 1 2000 Salino & Melo Thelypteris semirii 77 Christensen. C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryop- teris I. The tropical American pinnatifid-hipinnatifid species. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Afd. Ser. 7. 10: 53-232. Ponce. M. M. 1987. Revision de las Thelypteridaeeae (Pteridophvta) Argentinas. Oarwiniana 28(1—4): 317— 390. Sehnem. A. 1979. Aspidiaeeas. In R. Reitz (editor), PI. i 1 listr. Catarinense. Herh. Barhosa Rodrigues, Itajaf. Smith. A. R. 1983. Polypodiaceae—Thelvpteridoideae. In C. Hailing & R. Sparre (editors). Flora of Ecuador 18: 18-148. -. 1990. New Thelypteris (Thelypteridaeeae) from Central America. Ann. Missouri Rot. Card. 77: 118— 124. -. 1992. Thelypteridaeeae. In R. M. Tryon & R. C. Stolze (editors), Pteridophyta of Peru. Part 111. Fieldi- ana. Rot. n. s. 29: 1-80. New Species and a New Name in Palicourea (Rubiaceae: Psychotrieae) from Northwestern South America Charlotte M. Taylor Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. The new species Palicourea awa, P. clerodendroides, P. cogolloi, P. eburnea, P. garcioi- des, and P. glandulifera are described and illus¬ trated, and the variety P. justicioides var. macroca¬ lyx M. C. G. Kirkbride is recognized as a species, P. kirkbrideae. These are all shrubs or small trees found in wet forests at 900—3040 m in Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. RESUMEN. Las especies nuevas Palicourea aiva, P. clerodendroides, P cogolloi, P. eburnea, P. gar- cioides y P. glandulifera se describen e ilustran, y la variedad P justicioides var. macrocalyx M. C. G. Kirkbride se trata corno una especie, P. kirkbrideae. Todas estas especies son arbustos o drboles pe- quenos de bosque humedo a 900—3040 m en Co¬ lombia y el noroeste de Ecuador. Among recent collections from Colombia and northwestern Ecuador, the following undescribed species of Palicourea Aublet were represented. The characteristics, circumscription, and infrageneric classification of this genus have been presented previously (Taylor, 1997); the classification of each of these new species according to this system is noted at the end of each description. In brief, Pal¬ icourea is distinguished within the Rubiaceae by its persistent stipules that are united around the stems into a continuous sheath and bilobed in the interpetiolar portion; generally colored inflores¬ cences with the flowers usually pedicellate; corollas that are usually brightly colored, usually five-lobed, and have well-developed tubes that are somewhat swollen at the base and glabrous internally except for a dense ring of pubescence situated just above this basal swelling; and drupaceous fruits with usu¬ ally two pyrenes. This neotropical genus includes about 200 species found from sea level to high- montane regions. The species are typically disty- lous and apparently pollinated by hummingbirds. Palicourea is closely related to Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria Aublet; Psychotria subg. Heterop- sychotria is distinguished from Palicourea by its corollas that are not swollen at the base and inter¬ nally are variously pubescent or glabrous but lack a defined ring of trichomes in the lower portion. Palicourea awa C. M. Taylor, sp. nov. TYPE: Co¬ lombia. Narino: municipio de Rieaurte, Res- guardo Indfgena Gualcala, Santa Fe, camino al Rfo Gualcald, 01°18'N, 77°54'W, 1100- 1200 m, 18 Dec. 1995, B. R. Ramirez P. & M. S. Gonzalez 9164 (holotype, PSO; isotype, MO- 4911397). Figure 1A, B. Haec species a Palicourea standleyana C. M. Taylor stipularum vaginis truncatis ac lobulis angustis notatis, foliorum nerviis secundariis multioribus atque inflorescen- tiis corollisque purpureis violaceisve distinguitur. Shrubs and small trees flowering at 0.5 m tall, to 4 m tall; stems quadrate, often becoming chan¬ neled with age, densely hirsutulous. Leaves paired; blades elliptic, 13—36 X 6.5—21 cm, at apex acute to acuminate with tips to 20 mm long, at base cu- neate to obtuse and usually attenuate along the pet¬ iole, papyraceous, adaxially glabrous except dense¬ ly hirsutulous along costa and often also on secondary veins, abaxially hirtellous, to densely so on costa and secondary veins; secondary veins 31 to 42 pairs, spreading, uniting in a well-marked, generally straight, submarginal vein 1—2 mm from margins, without or rarely with 1 weak intersecon¬ dary' vein present between pairs of secondary veins, adaxially costa prominulous to plane and remaining venation plane, abaxially costa prominulous to prominent, secondary veins prominulous, and retic¬ ulated minor venation plane to thickened; margins distinctly cartilaginous; petioles 2.5—12.5 cm long, densely hirtellous; stipules hirtellous often becom¬ ing glabrescent, persistent, united around stem into a continuous truncate sheath 4—8 mm long, with angles thickened and extending to base of lobes, lobes narrowly triangular, 6—7 mm long, acute, en¬ tire to ciliolate. Inflorescences terminal, erect to per¬ haps deflexed, with panicles subsessile and often appearing “tripartite,” pyramidal to rounded-cor- ymbiform, 6.5—18 X 5.5—14 cm excluding corollas, with 4 to 5 pairs of developed secondary axes, the basalmost usually strongly reflexed, with flowers pedicellate and sessile in congested to clearly di- chasial cymules of 3 to 7; bracts entire to ciliolate, acute, those subtending secondary axes ligulate to lanceolate, 7—10 mm long, those subtending pedi- Novon 10: 78-87. 2000. Volume 10, Number 1 2000 Taylor New Palicourea Species 79 Figure 1. A. B, Palicourea awa C. M. Taylor. —A. Flowering branch, with inflorescence after anthesis; based on Hoover 2735. —B. Flower bud, partially dissected: based on Ramirez & Gonzdlez 9164. C—K, Palicourea glandulifera C. M. Taylor. —C. Flowering branch with inflorescence; based on Andersson 2121). —I). Cytnule bearing flower buds with well-developed glandular regions on the abaxial surface of each corolla lobe. —K. Corolla at anthesis. partially dissected. I). K, based on Gentry el al. 61)375. A. C to 5-cm scale. 80 No von cels ovate to elliptic, 4—6 mm long, pedicels to 6 mm long; peduncle, axes, bracts, and pedicels pi- losulous to hirtellous, purple; flowers with hypan- thium turbinate, ca. 1 mm long, hirsute; calyx limb hirtellous, 3—5 mm long, divided nearly to base, lobes deltoid to ovate, acute to obtuse, ciliolate, with lateral margins often overlapping; corolla in bud tubular-funnelform, purple to violet, a little swollen at base, straight at base and in tube, ex¬ ternally densely pubescent with stout triehomes to 1 mm long, internally glabrous except for a pilo- sulous ring ca. 1.5 mm wide situated just above basal swelling, tube ca. 8 mm long, lobes triangu¬ lar, ca. 4 mm long, acute, not much thickened adaxially, in bud rounded, with sinuses not saccate at base; mature anthers and stigma not observed; disk ca. 1 mm high, annular. Infructescences similar to inflorescences;/rmYs ellipsoid, ca. 6.5 X 5.5 mm, hirtellous, purple-black to black; pyrenes 2, with one rather sharp, central, longitudinal ridge and 1 to 2 weak, rounded, longitudinal ridges on each side of this. [Subg. Montane, Sect. Montanae, Ser. 4, Subser. fj Distribution, habitat, and phenology. In wet forest at 900—1450 m in northwestern Ecuador and adjacent southwestern Colombia; collected in flow¬ er bud in November and December, in fruit in Jan¬ uary. I his species is distinguished by its hirtellous pu¬ bescence on all vegetative parts; leaves with rela¬ tively numerous secondary veins that unite into a well-marked submarginal vein; stipules united around the stem into a continuous, well-developed sheath; subsessile purple inflorescences with rela¬ tively well developed bracts and the basalmost sec¬ ondary axes strongly reflexed; calyx limbs well de¬ veloped with broad lobes; and corollas that are externally densely pubescent with stout multicel¬ lular triehomes. In general aspect it is similar to Palicourea standleyana C. M. Taylor, which can be distinguished by its secondary leaf veins 17 to 21 pairs, shallowly lobed to emarginate stipules, green inflorescences, and yellow corollas. The specific epithet honors the Awh people: this species is known only from their territory, which spans the Ecuador—Colombia border. Paratypes. ECUADOR. Garclii: Maldonado, parro- quia lobar Donoso, Reserva Elnica Awa, Sabalera, <) km N of Unchang, E of Begashan, 29 June 1958, Petrov s.n. (LE). The illustration of Synstemon petrovii in Ying et al. (1993) belongs to some other species, and we have not seen the specimen on which that illustra¬ tion was based. Neither the petals nor the stamens were illustrated, and if the voucher of that illustra¬ tion is indeed a Synstemon, then it must be 5. lu- lianlianus because of its pinnatisect cauline leaves and curved fruits. It is possible, however, that a species of Dontostemon was instead illustrated be¬ cause S. lulianhanus is a biennial with petiolar re¬ mains of the preceding year, and the illustration in Ying et al. (1993) clearly represents an annual plant. 2. Synstemon lulianlianus Al-Shehbaz, T. Y. Cheo & G. Yang, sp. nov. TYPE: China. N Gansu: Tam-zhi, near railroad station, 22 Apr. 1909, F. Dushendenko 156 (holotype, LE). Fig¬ ure 1. Herba biennis, 7-15 cm alta, pilis crispatis; folia bas- alia et caulina inferiora petiolata, pinnatisecta vel pinna- tifida. 1-2.5 cm X 4—10 mm; folia caulina anguste lan- ceolata, pinnatisecta, 4—25 X 5—10 mm, petiolis 1-4 mm longis, lobis lateralibus oblongis, 1-5 X 0.5-1 mm; ped- icelli fructiferi divaricati, glabri, 6-10 mm longi; petala lilacina, obovata. 4.5—6 X 2—3 mm; unguibus dense pi¬ losis, 2—2.5 mm longis; filamenta mediana ad basim con- nata et glabra, 2.5—3 mm longa; fructus lineari, compressi, arcuati, 2—2.5 cm X ca. 1.2 mm. Herbs biennial, 7—15 cm tall, sparsely covered with crisped trichomes to 0.5 mm long. Stems branched basally, unbranched above, sparsely pi¬ lose or glabrescent. Basal and lowermost stem leaves petiolate; petiole 0.5-1.5 cm long; leaf blade lanceolate, pinnatisect to pinnatifid, 1-2.5 X 0.4—1 cm, apex acute. Stem leaves with petioles 1—4 mm long, blades narrowly lanceolate, 0.4—2.5 X 0.5—1 cm, glabrescent to pilose, pinnatisect, apex acute; lateral lobes oblong, 1—5 X 0.5—1 mm. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, slender, glabrous, 6— 10 mm long. Sepals oblong, 2.5—3 X 1.2-1.5 mm, sparsely pilose to glabrescent. Petals lilac, ob- ovate, 4.5—6 X 2—3 mm, apex rounded; claw 2— 2.5 mm, pilose. Filaments of median stamens 2.5- 3 mm long, united at base, glabrous; lateral sta¬ mens 1.5—2.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers oblong, 1-1.1 mm long. Ovules 14 to 16 per locule. Fruit linear, compressed, 2-2.5 cm X ca. 1.2 mm, ar¬ cuate; valves sparsely pubescent basally when young, soon glabrescent, with a distinct midvein; gynophore obsolete; style ca. 0.5 mm long. Seeds oblong, ca. 1.3 X 0.7 mm. Flowering and fruiting in April. Synstemon lulianlianus, which is named in honor of our colleague Lu Lianli (NAS), an expert on Chi¬ nese Brassicaceae, is known thus far only from the type collection. The species is readily distinguished from S. petrovii by its pinnatisect lanceolate leaves instead of narrowly linear entire leaves. Other dif¬ ferences are given in the key above. Acknowledgments. We are grateful to Tatyana Shulkina for her help with the translation of Rus¬ sian literature, as well as to Neil A. Harriman for his review of the manuscript. Literature Cited Al-Shehbaz, 1. A. 1982. Rollinsia, a new genus of Cruci- ferae from Mexico. Taxon 31: 421—422. -. 1985. The genera of Thelypodieae (Cruciferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Ar¬ nold Arbor. 66: 95—111. An. C. H. (Z. X.). 1981. New materials for Chinese Cru¬ ciferae. Bull. Bot. lies., Harbin 1(1 & 2): 97-107. -. 1987. Sisymbrieae. In: T. Y. Cheo (editor). FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 33: 396-453. Science Press, Beijing. Boeleke. 0. & M. C. Romanczuk. 1984. Cruciferae. El. Patagdnica 4a: 373-544. Botschantsev, V. 1959. A list of Brassicaceae species col¬ lected by M. P. Petrov in northwestern China in 1957— 1958. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 44: 1483- 1490. -. 1980. De Cruciferis notae criticae, 8. Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 17: 139-142. Brummitt, R. K. 1992. Vascular Plant Families and Gen¬ era. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Payson, F. B. 1923. A monographic study of Thelypodium and its immediate allies. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 233-324. Rollins, R. C. 1939. The cruciferous genus Stanleya. Lloydia 2: 109—127. -. 1993. The Cruciferae of Continental North Amer¬ ica. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford. Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Al-Shehbaz et al. Status of Synstemon 103 Schulz, 0. E. 1924. Cruciferae-Sisymbrieae. In: A. Engler (editor), Pflanzenreich IV. 105(Heft 86): 1-388. -. 1936. Cruciferae. In: A. Engler & K. Prantl (ed¬ itors). Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2., 17B: 227-658. Verlag von \Silhelm Engelmann, Eeipzig. Ying. T. S„ Y. L. Zhang & D. E. Boufford. 1993. The Endemic Genera of Seed Plants of China. Science Press, Beijing. Zhao, Y. Z. 1998a. Floristic analysis of Synstemon. Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Nei Mongol. 29(1): 85—86. -. 1998b. On mergence of Synstemon linearifolius An. Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 18: 289—290. -. 1998c. Synstemon deserticola Y. Z. Zhao—A new species of Brassicaceae from Nei Mongol. Acta Phyto¬ tax. Sin. 36: 373—374. Chorispora tashkorganica (Brassicaceae), a New Species from Xinjiang, China Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Cheo Taiyien, Lu Lianli Herbarium, Jiangsu Institute of Botany, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, People’s Republic of China Yang Guang Piroehe Plants, Inc., 20542 McNeil Road, Pitt Meadows, B.C., Canada V3Y 1Z1 ABSTRACT. Chorispora tashkorganica, a narrow endemic to western Xinjiang, China, is described and illustrated. Its relationships and distinguishing characters are discussed. During work on the genus Chorispora R. Brown for the forthcoming volume eight of the Flora of China, we examined all of the recognized species except the two described by Pachomova (1974) from central Asia. However, on the basis of the de¬ tailed original descriptions she gave, it appears that Chorispora pamirica Pachomova and C. insignis Pachomova are synonyms of C. songarica Sehrenk and C. sibirica (L.) DC., respectively. Among the extensive Chinese material we examined, two col¬ lections clearly belong to an undescribed species, hereafter known as C. tashkorganica. Regardless of the ultimate placement of Pachomova’s two taxa, they are quite different from the new species in having obovate petals 10—12 mm long, compared to the much shorter (3—4 mm long) oblanceolate petals of C. tashkorganica. As presently delimited, Chorispora consists of 11 species centered primarily in central and south¬ western Asia, with the range of one weedy species, C. tenella (Pallas) DC., extending throughout Eu¬ rope and introduced elsewhere in the world. The 11 species of Chorispora are easily separated by the following key. la. Plants perennial with a caudex; flowering stems leafless or rarely 1-leaved. 2a. All flowers on solitary pedicels arising from rosette . . C. bungeana Fischer & C. A. Meyer 2b. Flowers always in racemes. 3a. Flowers purple. 4a. Sepals 3-4 mm long; petals 6— 10 mm long; pedicel 0.3—1(— 1.5) cm long; fruiting style 1.5— 3 mm long . . C. sabulosa Cambessfedes 4b. Sepals 6—7 mm long; petals 15—18 mm long; |>edioel (1.7—) 2—3.5(—5.5) cm long; fruiting style 5—7 mm long. . C. greigii Hegel 3b. Flowers yellow'. 5a. leaves pinnatisect; petals 12- 15 X 5-7 mm; sepals oblong, 5.5— 7 mm long . . C. songarica Sehrenk 5b. Leaves subentire, sinuate- dentate, to pinnatifid; petals 5—8(-IO) X 2-4 mm; sepals ovate, 2—3(—3.5) mm long . . . C. macropoda Trautvetter lb. Plants annual; flowering stems leafy. 6a. Flowers yellow. 7a. Petals narrowly oblanceolate, 3^4 X 0.7-1 mm, rounded at apex; anthers 0.5—0.9 mm long; style 2^1 mm long in fruit; fruiting pedicels sub¬ erect to ascending, subappressed . . . C. tashkorganica Al-Shehbaz et al. 71>. Petals broadly obovate, 6—20 X 3— 7 mm, apex emarginate; anthers 1.5—2 mm long; style 5—25 mm long in fruit; fruiting pedicels divaricate to recurved. 8a. Petals 6—9(-l2) mm long; fruit 1.5— 2 cm X 1—1.5(—2) mm; style 5—9 mm long; fruiting pedicels (6—)7—10(—14) mm long. C. sibirica (L.) DC. 8b. Petals 10-18(-20) mm long; fruit 2-3(-4) cm X 2.5—3.5 (-5) mm; style 10— 18(—25) mm long; fruiting pedicels 3— 5 mm long . . ... C. iberica (Bieberstein) DC. 6b. Flowers purple. 9a. Petals oblanceolate, 8— 10(— 12) mm long; sepals 3—5(—6) mm long . . . . C. tenella (Pallas) DC. 9b. Petals broadly obovate, (12—) 14— Novon 10: 104-106. 2000. Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Al-Shehbaz et al. Chorispora tashkorganica from China 105 Figure 1. Chorispora tashkorganica Al-Shehbaz, T. Y. Cheo, L. F. Lu & G. Yang. —A. Plant. —B. Gland. —C. Sepal. —D. Petal. —E. Median stamen. —F. Fruit and pedicel. Scale: A = I cm; B = 0.1 mm; C—E = I mm; F = 5 mm. Drawn by Al-Shehbaz from the holotype. 106 Novon 18(-20) mm long; sepals 7—10 mm long. 10a. Fruiting style much longer than fruit, curved distally; fruit excluding style ca. 1 cm long. C. persica Boissier 10b. Fruiting style at most as long as fruit, straight; fruit exclud¬ ing style 1.5—3 cm long .... . C. purpurascens (Banks & Solander) Eig Chorispora tashkorganica Al-Shehbaz, T. Y. Cheo, L. L. Lu & G. Yang, sp. nov. TYPE; China. Xinjiang: Taxkorgan (pronounced as Tashkorgan), Subashi, 4000 m, 30 June 1987, Qinghai-Tibet Team 870314 (holotype, KUN). Figure 1. Herba annua glandulosa; caules 12—20 cm longi; folia basalia rosulata, numerosa, petiolata, pinnatisecta vel sin- uato-dentata, lobis lateralibus deltoideis; pedicelli fructi- feri suberecti vel adscendentes, subapressi, glandulosi, 1.5—3 mm longi; sepala ovata, 2-3 nun longa; petala lutea, 3-4 X 0.7-1 mm, oblanceolata, apice rotundata; fructus cylindrico-lineari, 1.2—1.5 cm X 1.5—2 mm, glandulosi, valde torulosi, articulis lateralibus 5—8; stylus 2—1 mm longus; semina oblonga, ca. 1.4 X 1 mm. Herbs annual, 12—20 cm tall, densely glandular throughout, sparsely pubescent at apices of sepals and lobes of young leaves with simple trichomes to 1 mm long, glabrous elsewhere. Stems several from base, decumbent, unbranched. Basal leaves rosu- late; petiole 0.5—2.5 cm long, not ciliate, expanded at base; leaf blade linear to linear-lanceolate in out¬ line, 1-5 cm X 1-10 mm, densely glandular, base attenuate, margin pinnatisect to sinuate-dentate, apex acute; lateral lobes debate, acute, smaller than terminal lobe. Cauline leaves few, similar to basal ones but with fewer lobes. Flowers in ra¬ cemes, elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting pedicel 1.5-3 mm long, glandular, ascending to suberect, subappressed. Sepals yellowish, ovate, 2— 3 X ca. 1 mm, glandular, margin membranous. Pet¬ als yellow, 3-4 X 0.7-1 mm; blade oblanceolate, rounded at apex; claw 2-2.5 mm long. Filaments 2-3 mm long; anthers oblong, 0.5-0.9 mm long. Fruit cylindric-linear, 1.2-1.5 cm X 1.5—2 mm (ex¬ cluding style), corky, strongly torulose and with 5 to 8 lateral articulations on each side, glandular; style 2-4 mm long. Seeds brown, oblong, ca. 1.4 X 1 mm. Flowering and fruiting June-July. Chorispora tashhorganica is known thus far only from rocky slopes at 4000-4200 m in Taxkorgan Xian, Xinjiang. It is most closely related to C. si- birica and C. iberica, both of which are also annuals with yellow flowers. The new species is readily sep¬ arated by its smaller petals and anthers, shorter styles, and appressed, suberect to ascending vs. di¬ varicate fruiting pedicels (see key). Paralype. CHINA. Xinjiang: Taxkorgan, Majin, rocky slope, 4200 m, 3 July 1987, Qinghai Tibet Team 870405 (KUN). Acknowledgments. We thank Wu Sugong (KUN) for sending his collections from Xinjiang for our study, as well as Neil A. Harriman for his review of the manuscript. Literature Cited Pachomova, M. G. 1974. Species novae familiae Crucifer- ae ex Asia Media. Bot. Mater. Gerh. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Uzb. SSR 19: 34-^19. Stigmaphyllon hispidum (Malpighiaceae), a New Species from Bahia, Brazil Christiane Anderson University of Michigan Herbarium, North University Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057, U.S.A. Abstract. Stigmaphyllon hispidum, a new spe¬ cies of Malpighiaceae, is described from Bahia, Brazil, where it was collected in a remnant of coast¬ al forest, a vegetation type called Mata Atlantica. Its floral structure and adaxial laminar vesture are most similar to those of S. gayanum, an endemic of the region of Rio de Janeiro. The dense axial vesture, composed of simple basifixed hairs mixed with Y-shaped hairs, is unique in the genus. Stigmaphyllon is one of the wing-fruited genera of neotropical Malpighiaceae. The species are typ¬ ically vines with long-petioled, elliptical to cordate leaves and bear clusters of yellow flowers arranged in compound inflorescences. In most the styles bear lateral appendages, the folioles, for which the genus is named. My monograph of Stigmaphyllon (Ander¬ son, 1997a) includes 90 species, distributed in the West Indies and throughout Latin America from southern Mexico to northern Argentina, except in Chile. A recent collection from eastern Bahia, Bra¬ zil, proved to represent yet another species, which is described here. Stigmaphyllon hispidum C. Anderson, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Bahia: Mpio. Lina, Fazenda Ju- reana, ramal com entrada no Km 18 da Ro- dovia Una/Sao Jose da Vitoria, Mata Higrofila Sul Baiana (Mata Atlantica), 22 July 1998, L. A. Mattos Silva et al. 3833 (holotype, CEPEC; isotype, MICH). Figure 1. I.iana, caulibus axibus petiolisque hispidis, indumento pi 1 is simplicibus et pilis Y-formibus immixtis. Laminae 17.5—18 cm longae, 14—16 cm latae, late ovatae vel sub- orbiculares, supra velutinae, subtus tomentosae, margine sparsim glanduloso; petioli crassi, ca. 4.5 mm diametro. Inflorescentia thyrsiformis constata ex umbellis, floribus in quaque umbella 18—25(-30); pedunculi (7.5—)9—10.5 mm longi, pedicelli 4.5—8 mm longi. Petala lateralia limbo orbiculari, margine eroso-denticulato; petalum posticum limbo late elliptico, margine fimbriato-denticulato. Sta¬ mina heteromorpha, antheris pubescentibus; antherae se- palis antico-lateralibus oppositae 1-2 loculis reductis in- structae, antherae sepalis postico-lateralibus oppositae steriles. Stylus anticus ca. 3.2 mm longus, utroque foliolo ca. 1.5 mm longo, ca. 1.2 mm lato, rectangulari; styli pos- tici ca. 4.5 mm longi, foliolo ca. 3 mm longo, ca. 2.5 mm lato, subquadrato. Samara ignota. Vine. Stems and branches densely hispid, the hairs erect, mostly simple and basifixed, (0.5—) 1— 2.3 mm long, also with some Y-shaped hairs, the stalk 0.05-0.7 mm long, the arms 0.1-0.5 mm long and at an acute to right angle to each other, the second arm occasionally reduced to a spur. Leaves alternate?; laminas 17.5—18 cm long, 14—16 cm wide, broadly ovate to suborbicular, apex obtuse- mucronate, base truncate to shallowly cordate, adaxially velutinous, the hairs erect, mostly Y- shaped, with the stalk 0.1-0.7 mm long and the arms 0.1-0.6 mm long, at an acute to right angle to each other, also with some simple basifixed hairs, 0.2—1.1 mm long, abaxially densely tomentose with T-shaped hairs (stalk 0.1-0.6 mm long, trabecula 0.6—1.3 mm long, straight or wavy); the midrib, pri¬ mary, and secondary veins prominulous above and prominent below, and on both sides more densely pubescent than the laminar surface; laminar glands 0.2-0.3 mm diam., irregularly spaced, prominent or slightly raised, borne adjacent to the margin abaxially and hidden by the vesture; petioles 3—3.5 cm long, ca. 4.5 mm diam., densely hispid like the stems, not confluent across the node, with a pair of prominent but sessile glands at the apex, each gland 0.2-0.3 mm diam.; stipules not seen (ob¬ scured by the stem vesture?). Flowers 18 to 25 (to 30) per umbel, these borne in dichasia or small thyrses (axes to the 3rd order, hispid), the com¬ pound inflorescence axillary. Peduncles (7.5—)9— 10.5 mm long, pedicels 4.5-8 mm long, terete, both densely pubescent with T-shaped hairs, peduncles (1.3—)1.4—2 times as long as the pedicels. Bracts and bracteoles 1.8—2 mm long, 0.8—1.2 mm wide, oblong to ovate, apex acute or obtuse, densely se¬ riceous abaxially, eglandular. Sepals 2.8—3 mm long and wide, glands ca. 2 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide. All petals with the limb glabrous, yellow, limbs of lateral petals orbicular, margin erose-den- ticulate, the teeth up to 0.3 mm long; anterior-lat¬ eral petals: claw ca. 1.5 mm long, limb 11.5—12 mm long and wide; posterior-lateral petals: claw ca. Novon 10: 107-109. 2000. 108 Novon Androecium; stamen second from left opposes the posterior petal. —F. Gynoecium; anterior style at left. Scale har: A = 4 cm, B = 1.3 mm, C = 3 mm, I) = 8 mm, E, F = 4 mm. 1 mm long, limb ca. 10.5—11 mm long and wide; posterior petal: c law ca. 3.5 mm long, indented at apex, limb ca. 8.5 mm long, ca. 7 mm wide, broadly elliptical, margin fimbriate-denticulate, the fimbri¬ ae/teeth up to 0.3 mm long. Stamens unequal, those opposite the posterior-lateral petals (and the pos¬ terior styles) the largest, those opposite the anterior- lateral sepals with the filaments subequally long, anthers of those opposite the lateral sepals with the connective enlarged, those opposite the anterior- lateral sepals with 1 or 2 unequal reduced locules, those opposite the posterior-lateral sepals eloculate; loculate anthers pubescent. Stamen opposite ante¬ rior sepal: filament ca. 2.8 mm long, anther ca. 1.2 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral petals: filaments ca. 1.8 mm long, anthers ca. 1 mm long; stamens opposite anterior-lateral sepals: filaments ca. 3.8 mm long, connectives ca. 1 mm long, loc¬ ules 0.1-0.3 mm long; stamens opposite posterior- lateral petals: filaments ca. 3.8 mm long, anthers ca. 1.4 mm long; stamens opposite posterior-lateral sepals: filaments ca. 2.8 mm long, connectives ca. 1 mm long, locules absent; stamen opposite pos¬ terior petal always shorter than the adjacent two: filament ca. 2.5 mm long, anther ca. 1 mm long. Anterior style ca. 3.2 mm long, shorter than the posterior two, terete, glabrous, erect or slightly in¬ curved; each foliole ca. 1.5 mm long, ca. 1.2 mm wide, rectangular. Posterior styles ca. 4.5 mm long, terete, the proximal %—% with scattered hairs adax- ially, lyrate; foliole ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2.5 mm wide, subsquare. Samara not seen. This robust and showy species, known only from the type collection, was found in a remnant of na¬ tive forest in a cocoa plantation. The common prac- lice of retaining native trees to provide shade for Theobroma cacao has resulted in the patchy pres¬ ervation of the native vegetation of coastal Bahia, which is rich in endemics. Stigmaphyllon hispidum is easily recognized and readily distinguished from all other species of the genus by the densely hispid stems, axes, and un¬ usually stout petioles. The vesture is composed of Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Anderson Stigmaphyllon hispidum from Brazil 109 a unique mixture of Y-shaped hairs and of simple basifixed hairs (Fig. 1C); the latter are not found elsewhere in Stigmaphyllon, although they are known sporadically in other genera, e.g., Pterandra hirsuta C. Anderson (Anderson, 1997b). At least in S. hispidum, the simple hairs may result from the loss of one arm in a Y-shaped hair. The arms of the Y-shaped hairs are often unequally long; sometimes the second arm is reduced to a mere spur. In S. hispidum the laminas are abaxially tomentose, the hairs T-shaped, but adaxially velutinous, again the vesture a mixture of Y-shaped and simple hairs. An intriguing aspect of 5. hispidum is the alter¬ nate arrangement of the leaves and the inflores¬ cence axes; however, the two specimens I have seen consist of only a short portion of stem (3 cm, one node; 7 cm, two nodes), each with one large com¬ pound inflorescence borne in one leaf axil. The shift from an opposite arrangement to an alternate one near and in the inflorescence occurs in other species of Stigmaphyllon (e.g., S. alternifolium Adr. Jussieu, S. cavernulosum C. Anderson) and other opposite-leaved vines. The only species with ap¬ parently truly alternate phyllotaxy is S. alternans Triana & Planchon, of Amazonian Colombia, Ec¬ uador, and Peru; perhaps future collections of 5. hispidum will reveal that it is a second alternate- leaved species. Stigmaphyllon hispidum is most similar to S. gayanum Adr. Jussieu, endemic to the area of Rio de Janeiro. Working 5. hispidum through my key to the genus and the regional key (Anderson, 1997a), the reader would arrive at that species, which, of course, lacks the unique vesture of 5. hispidum. Both have adaxially velutinous laminas, and a sim¬ ilar androecium and gynoecium. Stigmaphyllon gayanum also differs in its smaller laminas (4.7- 14 cm long), the basal glands often borne on the slim petiole (1-2 mm in diameter) well below the base of the lamina, and in its petals, all with fim¬ briae up to 0.5 mm long. In S. hispidum the large laminas (17.5—18 cm long) are borne on stout pet¬ ioles ca. 4.5 mm in diameter and bear a pair of prominent glands at the base of the lamina at the apex of the petiole. The margin of the posterior pet¬ al is fimbriate-denticulate and of the lateral petals erose-denticulate. The only other species with adaxially velutinous laminas is the Colombian S. velutinum Triana & Planchon, which also has much smaller leaves than S. hispidum and all petals glan- dular-digitate-fimbriate. Stigmaphyllon velutinum also differs in details of the androecium and gy¬ noecium. All anthers are glabrous and loculate; only those of stamens opposite the anterior-lateral sepals have reduced locules. The styles bear only a narrow lateral lip instead of folioles. Acknowledgments. I thank Andre M. Amorim of CEPEC for calling my attention to the type collec¬ tion and William R. Anderson for his helpful com¬ ments. For this study, I also consulted the rich col¬ lection of Malpighiaceae at MICH. Figure IB was drawn by Karin Douthit. Literature Cited Anderson, C. 1997a. Monograph of Stigmaphyllon (Mal¬ pighiaceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 51: 1—313. -. 1997h. Revision of Pterandra (Malpighiaceae). Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 21: 1—27. A New Species of Simira (Rubiaceae, Rondeletieae) from Northeastern Rrazil Maria Regina de V. Barbosa Departamento de Sistem&tica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Parafba, C.P. 5065, Cidade Universitdria, 58051-970 Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil Ariane Luna Peixoto Departamento de Botanica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 74582, 23851-970 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil ABSTRACT. The new species Simira gardneriana M. R. Barbosa & A. L. Peixoto from northeastern Brazil is described. This is the first species of Sim¬ ira found in the “caatinga” vegetation. Simira Aublet (Rubiaceae, Rondeletieae) is a neotropical genus comprising about 40 tree species, ranging from Mexico to Brazil. Although a regional treatment of Simira from Brazilian Amazonia was recently published (Barbosa & Peixoto, 1989), the last comprehensive treatment of the genus for Bra¬ zil was that of Schumann (1889) for Flora Brasi- liensis. During the study of collections of Rubiaceae from northeastern Brazil, this previously undescri¬ bed species was discovered by the first author. Simira gardneriana M. R. Barbosa & A. L. Pei¬ xoto, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Ceara: Campos Sales, Salitre, caatinga, 10 Feb. 1984, A. Fer¬ nandes <£ M. A. Figueiredo 12298 (holotype, JPB; isotype, EAC). Figure 1. Species nova a eongeneris S. grazielae et S. viridiflora dimensionibus petioli et foliorum sed etiam axillis ner¬ vorum barbatis, corolla ventricosa 6—7 lobata et stamini- bus numero aequali distinguitur. Small tree 4—7 m tall, cortex gray, reddish inside; branchlets terete, grayish, rarely reddish, glabrous, with lenticels. Leaves concentrated in the apices of branchlets, oblong-lanceolate, apex short acute, slightly apiculate, base obtuse or rounded, charta- ceous, glabrous, younger reddish, mature olive- green, 4.5—6 cm long, 2.5—3 cm wide; petioles slen¬ der, puberulous, 5—7 mm long; secondary veins 8— 10 pairs, prominent above and beneath, intersecon¬ dary veins reticulate, with hairy domatia in the ax¬ ils of the secondary veins; terminal stipules 0.8—1 cm long, narrowing toward the apex, externally pu¬ berulous at base, with one row of colleters on the internal stipule base. Inflorescences axillary, short; thyrses 7-12-flowered, peduncles puberulous, 1.5— 2 cm long; bracts foliose 2, at apex of the peduncle, membranaceous, deciduous, 1—1.5 cm long. Flow¬ ers subsessile, hypanthium puberulous, 3.8-4(—5) mm long. Calyx campanulate, truncate, internally glabrous, externally glabrous, 2(-4) mm long. Co¬ rolla bellying, 6—8(—9) mm long, externally gla¬ brous, internally glabrous except at the point of fil¬ ament attachment, imbricate, lobes 6—7, 3—4 outside, 3 inside, rounded, ciliolate, ca. 1 mm long, the inside smaller than the outside ones, irregularly tripartite at anthesis, then reflexed. Stamens 6—7, filaments exserted, attached ca. 1.5 mm from the corolla base, 5—5.5(—7) mm long, hirsute in basal %; anthers apiculate, 2.5—3 mm long. Style gla¬ brous, bifid, at anthesis ca. 7 mm long. Capsules globose, woody, with lenticels, 3.5—4.5 cm diam., 2-valved, valve bipartite, each part ca. 2.5 cm long, 1.6 cm wide, 0.35—0.4 cm thick; seeds numerous, flat, crescent-shaped, 1.8-3.5 X 0.9—1.5 cm, dry¬ ing gold, wings slender. Simira gardneriana occurs in the states of Bahia, Ceara, Pernambuco, and Piauf, in the caatingas do¬ minium, where it is known as Pereiro-de-Tinta or Pereiro-Vermelho. The wood is used in buildings and fences; during the dry season this species is used as forage. This is the first reference of the genus, which is typical of humid forests, occurring in the caatinga vegetation. The caatinga is a type of vegetation that occurs in northeastern Brazil where the majority of species, under severe and long-lasting periods of drought, lose their leaves. The currently known specimens of this species oc¬ cur in areas of poor sandy soil with 500—700 mm annual rainfall. Simira gardneriana is very closely related to S. grazielae Peixoto and S. viridiflora (AllemSo & Sal- danha) Steyermark, which occur in the humid for¬ ests of eastern Brazil (Peixoto, 1981). These species Novon 10: 110-112. 2000. Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Barbosa & Peixoto Simira gardneriana from Brazil 111 Figure 1. Simira gardneriana M. R. Barbosa & A. L. Peixoto. —A. Habit. —B. Terminal stipule. —C. Inflorescence. - —D. Flower bud. —E. Flower. —F. Open corolla. —G. Hypanthium and style. —II. Open fruit. —I. Seed. (A—G, A. Fernandes & M. A. Figueiredo 12298; H. I. I). Andrade-Lima & M. Magalhaes 52-1063.) have in common an imbricate corolla aestivation that opens irregularly in three or two portions and capsules strongly woody, bivalved, with valve bi¬ partite. Simira gardneriana differs in having short¬ er petioles, hairy domatia, and higher numbers ol corolla lobes and stamens (Table 1). The name honors George Gardner, Scottish nat¬ uralist, the first collector of the species, who was 112 Novon Table 1. Comparison of Simira gardneriana, $ >. grazielae, and S. viridiflora. Characters S. gardneriana S. grazielae S. viridiflora Habit Tree to 7 m Tree to 30 m Tree to 20 m Blade dimension 4.5-6 X 2.5-3 cm 6-13 X 2.8-5 cm 12—42 X 3-13 cm Domatia Hairy Pocket Hairy Petioles 5—7 mm 2 cm 1—2.2 cm Ixibes and stamens 6-7 4-5 4 Capsule dimensions 3.5-4.5 cm 6-7 cm 6-7 cm responsible lor a historical collection of plants made in northeastern Brazil from 1836 to 1841. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Bahia: Senhor do Bonfim, 25 May 1974 (fr), I). Andrade-Lima 74-7665 (IPA). Ceara: Aiuaba, 8 Jan. 1982 (fl), M. A. F. Gomes s.n. (EAC 11058, UB, JPB, 1PA). Pernambuco: Petrolina, 5 Jan. 1961 (fr), D. Andrade-Lima 61-3601 (IPA, JPB); 8 km NE Petrolina, caatinga arhustiva. 28 Dec. 1983 (fl), Folius 3661 (IPA); pr6x. Serra Dois Irmaos, estr. Afranio-Paulistana. 23 June 1952 (fr), I). Andrade-Lima & M. Magalhaes 52—1063 (IPA); Afranio, 20 Apr. 1971 (fr), E. P. Heringer et al. 200 (IPA). Piain: proximo Boa Esperanga, 1839 (fl), G. Gard¬ ner 2313 (K); Eronteiras, 17 June 1980 (fr), .S'. Jordy Filho 112 (IPA); Paulistana. 2 Dec. 1979 (fl, fr), A. Fernandes & Del'Arco s.n. (EAC 7508, UB); Sao Raimundo Nonato, 12 Dec. 1978 (fl), A. Fernandes s.n. (EAC 5112, UB); Serra da Capivara, 1979 (fl), L Fmperaire 370 (IPA). Acknowledgments. We are grateful to the Brit¬ ish Council in Brazil lor supporting the first author’s visit to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientffico e Tecnol6gico of Brazil (CNPq) for grants to the authors that partially funded this work. We also thank the curators of K, EAC, and IPA for allowing the study of specimens. Literature Cited Barbosa. M. R. V. & A. L. Peixoto. 1989. A s esp^cies de Simira (Rubiaceae, Rondeletieae) da Amazonia Brasi- leira. Acta Amazon. 19: 27—46. Peixoto, A. L. 1981. Novas esp^cies de Simira Aublet do norte do Espfrito Santo. Bob Mus. Bot. Mun. Curitiba 44: 1-7. Schumann, K. 1889. Rubiaceae In: C. E. P. Martins, Flora Brasiliensis 6(6): 223—235. Two New Combinations in Maianthemum (Convallariaceae) Shingchi Chen (Xinqi Chen) Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People’s Republic of China Shoichi Kawano Professor Emeritus of Kyoto University, 303-204 Greentown Makishima, 51-1 Motoyashiki, Makishima-cho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0041, Japan Abstract. During preparation of the account of Maianthemum F. H. Wiggers for the Flora of Chi¬ na, volume 24, it was found that two taxa formerly treated under Smilacina Desfontaines required the following new combinations in Maianthemum, namely M. fusciduliflorum (Kawano) S. C. Chen & Kawano and M. stenolobum (Franchet) S. C. Chen & Kawano. The genus Maianthemum (including Smilacina ) consists of about 35 species and is widely distrib¬ uted in the northern temperate zone as well as subtropical montane Asia and Central America. Two genera, Smilacina and Maianthemum, have been recognized traditionally and historically. LaFrankie (1986) concluded that the difference between them (trimerous vs. dimerous flowers) was not sufficient to warrant distinct genera, and there¬ fore transferred the species of Smilacina to Maianthemum. Along with Li (1990) and Hara (1987), the present authors agree with LaFrankie’s transfers and note that the following combinations are necessary for their forthcoming treatment of Maianthemum in the Flora of China, volume 24 (Chen & Kawano, in press). Maianthemum fusciduliflorum (Kawano) S. C. Chen & Kawano, comb. nov. Basionym: Smi¬ lacina fusciduliflora Kawano, J. Jap. Bot. 41: 354. 1966. TYPE: Myanmar-China (Xizang). “Burma-Tibet Frontier: Adunq [sic = Adung] Valley, alt. 12000 ft,” 26 June 1931, F. King- don-Ward 9706 (holotype, F). This species occurs from 2200 to 3600 m in southeastern Xizang and northwestern Yunnan provinces of China, as well as in adjacent Myan¬ mar. It has violet tepals free to the base of the peri¬ anth, whereas the closely related species Maian¬ themum lichiangense (W. W. Smith) LaFrankie and M. tubiferum (Batalin) LaFrankie have white or vi¬ olet-tinged tepals connate at their bases to form a tube. Maianthemum lichiangense occurs from 2800 to 3500 m in southern Gansu, Sichuan, northwest¬ ern Yunnan, and possibly Shaanxi provinces, and M. tubiferum occurs from 2500 to 3000 m in Gansu. Hubei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, and Sichuan provinces; both are endemic to China. Maianthemum stenolobum (Franchet) S. C. Chen & Kawano, comb. nov. Basionym: Tovar- ia stenoloba Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 47. 1896. Smilacina stenoloba (Franchet) Diels, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 247. 1900. Smi¬ lacina paniculata (Baker) F. T. Wang & Ts. Tang var. stenoloba (Franchet) F. T. Wang & Ts. Tang, FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 15: 32. 1978. Smilacina tatsienensis (Franchet) 11. R. Wehrhahn f. stenoloba (Franchet) H. Hara. J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 14: 155. 1987. Smilacina tatsienensis var. stenoloba (Franchet) D. M. Liu, in J. M. Xu, FI. Sichuan. 7: 202. 1991. Maianthemum tatsienense (Fran¬ chet) LaFrankie var. stenolobum (Franchet) H. Li, in Z. Y. Wu et al., FI. Yunnan. 7: 744. 1997. TYPE: China. Chongqing: “pres 4e Tchen keou tin [Chengkou],” Farges 593 bis (holotype, P). This species is endemic to China, occurring from 2000 to 3000 m in southern Gansu, western Hubei, and Chongqing (formerly eastern Sichuan) provinces. It has narrowly lanceolate, 5-7-mm- long inner tepals, whereas the closely related spe¬ cies, Maianthemum gongshanense (S. Yun Liang) H. Li and M. trifolium (L.) Sloboda, have obovate or oblong, 2-4.5-mm-long inner tepals. Maianthe¬ mum gongshanense occurs from 3400 to 3600 m in western Yunnan Province, where it is endemic, and M. trifolium occurs from 400 to 700 m in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and possibly Nei Mongol prov¬ inces of China, as well as northern Korea, Russia, and North America. Novon 10: 113-114. 2000. 114 Novon Acknowledgments. We thank Anthony R. Brack (MO c/o Harvard) and Nicholas J. Turland (MO, St. Louis) for help in preparing the manuscript. Literature Cited Chen, S. C. & S. k awano. In press. Maianthemum F. H. Wiggers. In: Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (editors). Flora of China, 24. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botan¬ ical Garden Press, St. Louis. Mara, H. 1987. Notes towards a revision of the Asiatic species of the genus Smilacina. J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 14: 137-159. I^Frankie, J. V., Jr. 1986. Transfer of the species of Smi¬ lacina to Maianthemum (Liliaceae). Taxon 35: 584— 589. Li, H. 1990. Infrageneric system of the genus Maianthe¬ mum. Acta Bot. Yunnan., Suppl. 3: 1-12. A New Combination in Stuckenia (Potamogetonaceae) of South America Antonio Galdn de Mera and Josd Alfredo Vicente Orellana Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biology, San Pablo University, P.0. Box 67, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain Hamilton Beltrdn Santiago Museum of Natural History, San Marcos University, P.O. Box 14-0434, Lima 14, Peru Abstract. In this work, we propose the new com¬ bination Stuckenia punensis (Galan de Mera) Galan de Mera for use in the Peruvian flora. This species is coincident with S. filiformis in its distribution in the high Andes of Peru. Stuckenia punensis differs from S. filiformis in its wider, scabrous leaves and globose achenes. On account of the recent revision of the world¬ wide genus Potamogeton L. (Wiegleb & Kaplan, 1998), we elucidate some points regarding the fam¬ ily Potamogetonaceae in South America. Recent articles on Potamogetonaceae in America include Standley and Steyermark (1958), Haynes (1974), Haynes and Wentz (1975), Haynes and Holm-Nielsen (1982), Tur (1982), Haynes (1985), and Galan de Mera (1991). After reviewing the no- menclatural novelties of Les and Haynes (1996) and Haynes et al. (1998), we propose an additional new combination of Stuckenia for the Peruvian flora. Stuckenia punensis (Galan de Mera) Galan de Mera, comb. nov. Basionym: Potamogeton pu- nense Galan de Mera, Phytologia 64: 495. 1988. TYPE: Peru. Puno: Lampa (on San Ro- mdn border), at road and railroad crossing of stream draining lago Jaracocha, ca. 9 km SW of Santa Lucfa, 12 Jan. 1963, alt. ca. 4000 m, H. H. & C. M. litis 1441, D. & V. Ugent (ho- lotype, USM; isotype, US). Although Wiegleb and Kaplan (1998) suggested that Potamogeton punense and P. filiformis C. H. Persoon [Stuckenia filiformis (C. H. Persoon) C. Bomer] are synonymous, the two species are very different in their morphological and ecological characteristics (see Table 1). Stuckenia punensis presents much wider leaves, with 3 to 5 nerves, thickened and scabrous. The leaves of S. filiformis are narrower, with only 1 nerve, and smooth. The stipules of S. punensis are longer (5-8 cm) than those of S. filiformis (1—3 cm). The achenes also differentiate the two species: in S. punensis they are globose and in S. filiformis they are gibbous. Both species are located between 3000 and 4000 m above sea level, but their ecological preferences are different; whereas S. punensis lives in flowing riv¬ ers, S. filiformis forms dense communities in high calm lagoons. Finally, S. punensis is a Peruvian en¬ demic (Galdn de Mera, 1991), while S. filiformis is widely distributed throughout the world (western, central and northern Asia, North and South Amer¬ ica) (Wiegleb & Kaplan, 1998). Additional specimens of Stuckenia punensis. PERU. Cuzco: Calca, bottom of rio Urubamba Valley at km 54, on road to Urubamba, ca. 4 km NW from Calca (8 km SE of Yucay), 2900 m, 26 Dec. 1962. //. //. & C. M. litis , C. Vargas 846 (US, USM). Juiun: Tartna, bottom of rio Quishuarcancha, below Hacienda Casa Blanca (ca. 18 km (air) SSE of Tarma), 3600 m, 28 Nov. 1962, H. H. & C. M. litis, D. & V. Ugent 140 (USM); Yauli, aquatics from icy-cold, shallow, swift rio Mantaro, in limestone valley with treeless tussock, grassland along highway to Junfn, ca. 8—10 km NW of La Oroya, ca. 3800 m, 4 Dec. 1962, Hugh H. & Carolyn litis, Donald & Vivian Ugent s.n. (US, USM); cerca de Paccha, entre La Oroya y Junfn, Ria- chuelo, 3800-3900 m, 10 Jan. 1949, Ramon Ferreyra 5259 (US). Table 1. A comparison of Stuckenia punensis and S. filiformis. Feature S. punensis S. filiformis Leaf width (mm) 2-4 0.2-0.5 Number of leaf nerves 3 to 5 1 Texture scabrous smooth Stipules (cm) 5-8 1-3 Fruit morphology' globose g:ibbous Habitat flowing rivers lagoons of calm waters Chorology Peru W, C and N Asia, North and South America Novon 10 : 115 - 116 . 2000 . 116 Novon Acknowledgments. This work was supported by the 12/98 USP project of San Pablo University and by a grant lrom the Ageneia Espanola de Cooper- acion Internacional. We thank L. Hamalainen for her linguistic assistance. Literature Cited Galan de Mera, A. 1991. Notas sobre el genero Potamo- geton L (Potamogetonaceae) en el Peru. Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. “Javier Prado”. Ser. B, Bot. 35: 1—6. Haynes, R. R. 1974. A revision of North American Po- tamogeton subsection Pusilli (Potamogetonaceae). Rho- dora 76: 564—649. -. 1985. A revision of the clasping-leaved Pota- mogeton (Potamogetonaceae). Sida 11: 173-188. - & L. B. Holm-Nielsen. 1982. A new species of Potamogeton (Potamogetonaceae) from the northern An¬ des. Syst. Bot. 7: 498-500. - & W. A. Wentz. 1975. Potamogetonaceae. In: Flo¬ ra of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 62: 1—10. -. I). H. Fes & M. Krai. 1998. Two new combina¬ tions in Stuckenia, the correct name for Coleogeton (Po¬ tamogetonaceae). Novon 8: 241. Fes, 1). H. & R. R. Haynes. 1996. Coleogeton (Potamo¬ getonaceae), a new genus of Pondweeds. Novon 6: 389— 391. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1958. Potamogeton F. In: Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(1): 70-72. Tur, M. N. 1982. Revision del genero Potamogeton F. en la Argentina. Darwiniana 24: 217-265. W iegleb, G. & Z. Kaplan. 1998. An account of the species of Potamogeton F. (Potamogetonaceae). Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 33: 241-316. New Mesoamerican Species of Dichorisandra and Tradescantia sect. Mandonia (Commelinaceae) Jason R. Grant Laboratoire de Phanerogamic, Institut de Botanique, University de Neuchatel, ch. de Chantemerle 18, 2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland ABSTRACT. Two new species of Commelinaceae are described from the Neotropics. Dichorisandra amabilis J. R. Grant, widespread from southern Mexico to Panama, consists of erect herbs formerly included in D. hexandra (Aublet) Standley, which is here restricted to scandent plants. Tradescantia petricola J. R. Grant, disjunct from Costa Rica to Venezuela, belongs to Tradescantia sect. Mandonia D. R. Hunt. During preparation of the treatment of the Com¬ melinaceae for the Manual de las Plantas de Costa Rica, two new species were encountered. In order that they may be included within this flora, they are here described as Dichorisandra amabilis J. R. Grant, and Tradescantia petricola J. R. Grant. Dichorisandra Dichorisandra is a taxonomically difficult genus not only at its northernmost extent in Mesoamerica and Mexico, but throughout its primary range in South America. While 25+ species are recognized in South America, the name Dichorisandra hexan¬ dra (Aublet) Standley has previously been used for an all-encompassing species of two or more distinct elements in Mesoamerica and Mexico, e.g.. Hunt (1994) in Flora Mesoamericana. The description here of a species that ranges from southern Mexico to Panama attempts to alleviate some of the prob¬ lems within the genus at the northern extent of its range. Dichorisandra amabilis J. R. Grant, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Canton de Es¬ parza, Macacona, 10°01'40"N, 84°36'33"W, 400 m, 26 July 1992, Hammel, Castillo & Her¬ rera 18543 (holotype, US; isotypes, CR, F not seen, INB, MO). Figure 1. Haec species Dichorisandrae hexandrae affinis, seel ab ea habitu erecto, caule robustiore, foliis secus axem prin- cipalem spiraliter dispositis, secus ramos laterales disti- chis, vagina foliari infra glabra ad apicem subtiliter pu- bescente atque inflorescentia ex thyrso diffuso late ovato terminali constante distinguitur. Free-standing, erect, single-stemmed, perennial herb to 1.5 m, upper half branched, arising sea¬ sonally from tuber-bearing roots. Roots thin, fi¬ brous, often with distal tubers; tubers 3—5 X 0.5- 1.5 cm, thick, succulent, tan. Stems robust, green to glaucous-blue, often with vertical white stria- tions. Branches axillary, 4 to 9 in number. Leaves 6-20 X 1.5—7.5 cm, spirally arranged on the main axis, distichous on the lateral branches, sessile to petiolate, oblique, typically ovate-oblong, but vary¬ ing from linear-lanceolate, ovate, elliptic, to ob- ovate, basally acute to rounded, apically acuminate, firm but flexible, not leathery; sheaths glabrous, cil- iate along the fused edge and toward the sheath summit; blades glabrous to sparsely scabrous, short-ciliate. Inflorescences raceme-like thyrses, terminal on both the main axis and the lateral branches, diffuse, broadly ovate to oblong in out¬ line, (2—)5—8(-13) X (2—)3—5(—7) cm; peduncle 1- 4 cm long, glabrous to velutinous; cymes (5) 10 to 15 (33) in number, 2—3.5 cm long, each subtended by a decrescent bract 5—60 X 2^1 mm. Flowers 2— 15 per cyme, either bisexual (perfect) or male, both often blooming on a single cyme together on a given day, pedicellate. Pedicels 2—4 X 1 mm. Sepals 3, free, (5—)9—11 X 4-7 mm, unequal, green to white, glabrous, acute to obtuse to rounded at apex. Petals 3, free, 7—15 X 9—11 mm, obovate, pale blue, lilac, lavender, blue, purple, or white, rounded at apex. Stamens 6, equal, 8-11 mm long; filaments gla¬ brous, 3-5 X 1 mm, antepetalous filaments shortly epipetalous at the base; anthers 6, dorsifixed toward the base, ovate in outline, base slightly cordate, 5— 6 X 1—2 mm, dehiscing by two terminal pores, blue. Pistil 4-8 mm long; style slender, 2.5—6.0 mm; ovary glabrous, 1.5—2.0 X 1.5 mm. Capsules dehiscent, trilocular, 9—14 X 7-10 mm, oblong to obovate, often tinged purple, with 2 to 6 seeds per locule. Seeds robust, 4- to 6-sided, all sides 3.5— 5.0 mm, ribbed to rugose, blackish with whitish indumentum on the sides facing other seeds, tan on the side(s) facing the wall of the locule; aril orange. Dichorisandra amabilis ranges from the southern Mexican states of Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas Novon 10: 117-123. 2000. 118 Novon Figure 1. Dichorisandra amabilis J. R. Grant. —A. Habit. (A and E, Grant & Rundell 92-02007 in cultivation.) —B. Stem and underground tuber-bearing roots. (Based on Gomez 20749, NY.) —C. Flowering branch. (C and 1) based on Atwood & Neill AN 140, NY.) —D. Detail of leaf sheaths. —E. Inflorescence; the upper opened flower is bisexual, the lower opened flower is male. Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Grant Two New Species of Commelinaceae 119 through Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nica¬ ragua, and Costa Rica to the Darien of eastern Pan¬ ama. Future collecting may reveal its presence in both Belize and the Choco of Colombia. It occurs from sea level to 1650 m in altitude. In contrast, DichorisancLra hexandra has a continuous distri¬ bution from Peru and French Guiana to Panama and Costa Rica, and is disjunct in Belize. Although D. amabilis and D. hexandra are known from both Pacific and Atlantic slopes, D. amabilis tends to occur (or is at least collected more frequently) on Pacific slopes, and D. hexandra more so on Atlantic slopes (at least in Mesoamerica). Furthermore, D. amabilis is most commonly found in sunny, dis¬ turbed sites often near streams or on alluvial ter¬ races, whereas D. hexandra is restricted to shady primary forest. In morphology, Dichorisandra amabilis can gen¬ erally be distinguished from D. hexandra in its erect, non-scandent habit, glabrous sheaths, and broadly ovate to oblong (rather than globose to slightly ovate) inflorescences. Dichorisandra ama¬ bilis also approaches D. ulei J. F. MacBride from northern South America. The latter species, how¬ ever, is a taller, more robust species with thick stems, densely villous leaf sheaths and peduncles, and generally longer (15—26 X 4-8.5 cm) leaves. Three published names in Dichorisandra from northern South America were considered as poten¬ tially applicable to the erect Mesoamerican species. However, examination of their type material from Prague has revealed each to be synonymous with D. hexandra. These names are: Dichorisandra oval- ifolia C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 140. 1825; D. in- aequalis C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 140. 1825; and D. mexicana C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 140. 1825 (likely from South America, not Mexico). These names are mentioned to indicate that each was in fact considered and eliminated, whereby it was de¬ finitively decided to name the Mesoamerican entity as a new species. Key to the Native and Cultivated Species ok Dichorisandra in Mesoamerica la. Climbing, clambering, or trailing vines; stems slender to wiry; inflorescences terminal only on short, often remote, axillary branches, compact, globose to slightly ovate in outline; leaves always distichously arranged; leaf sheaths pilose throughout, or only along the fused edge; Belize, Costa Rica, and Panama to French Guiana and Peru . . . Dichorisandra hexandra (Aublet) Standley lb. Free-standing, erect herbs; stems robust; inflo¬ rescences terminal on the main stem, also at the ends of axillary branches, diffuse, broadly ovate in outline; leaves spirally arranged at least on main axis; leaf sheaths glabrous throughout to ciliate on the fused edge. 2a. Plants with multiple stems; sepals and pet¬ als both purple; anthers yellow; leaves spi¬ rally arranged on terminal as well as axillary branches; plants of cultivation, native to southeastern Brazil . . Dichorisandra thyrsiflora J. C. Mikan 2b. Plants with a single stem; sepals green to white, petals pale blue, lilac, lavender, blue, purple, or white; anthers blue; leaves spi¬ rally arranged on the main axis, while those on the axillary branches distichously ar¬ ranged; plants native to Mexico (Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas), Guatemala, El Sal¬ vador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica to the Darien of eastern Panama . . Dichorisandra amabilis J. R. Grant Paratypes. MEXICO. Chiapas: Estacion Bioldgica Chajul. Dominguez 160 (US). Oaxaca: Arroyo Hamaca, Wendt el al. 4161 (US); Sta. Marfa, Hernandez 1204 (MO. US). Veracruz: Poblado 6 (Ua Laguna), Wendt el al. 2674 (US): Poblado 2, Wendt el al. 5306 (US). GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz: Cubilquitz, Tuerckheim 8325 (US). Jutia- pa: Atescatempa, Heyde & Lux 6393 (MO. NY, US); San Jeronimo, Harmon & Dwyer 3331 (MO); Monson on Hwy. CA-8. Harmon & Puentes 5918 (MO); San Cristobol along CA-2, Dunn el al. 23211 (MO, NY). Peten: San Luis, Ortiz 2185 (US). Solola: Santa Barbara, Shannon 245 (US). Zacapa: 41 mi. S of turnoff to Peten (near Morales), Croat 41875 (MO). EL SALVADOR. Almachapan: 23 mi. NW of San Francisco Menendez, Croat 42088 (US); P.N. El Impossible, Toledo 6 (MO). La Libertad: Los Chorros, Sta. Tecla, Rohweder 628 (MO). San Salvador: San Sal¬ vador. Reason 181 (NY, US). Calderon 840 (US); Con- chagua, Rohweder 633 (MO). San Vicente: Laguna de Apastepeque, Rohweder 624 (MO). Santa Ana: Rio Ama- yo near Hacienda Agua Caliente, Rohweder 626 (MO); Santa Ana Metapan, Rohweder 629 (MO). Sonsonate: San Salvador-Sonsonate, Rohweder 625 (MO); Salvador, 9 km E of La Libertad. Horton 8648 (US). HONDURAS. With¬ out exact locality, “eastern Honduras,” Townsend s.n. (US). Atlantida: Tela. Standley 52700 (US); Lancet ilia, Chick- ering 213 (MO), Yuncker 4743 (MO, NY); Lancetilla Bo¬ tanical Gardens, Croat & Hannon 64592 (MO). El Par- aiso: drainage of the Rfo Yeguare, Molina R. 4041 (MO, US), Molina R. 4124 (US); km 73 entre Ojo de Agua y Rfo California, Molina R. 14489 (NY); Las Manos, Cor¬ dillera Dipilto, Molina R. 30575 (MO). Gracias a Dios: Rfo Patuca. Wampusirpi, Clewell 4539 (MO). Morazan: Barrosas, Nolasco 130 (NY). Olaneho: Pinares, Nelson & Romero 4656 (MO). NICARAGUA. Without province: Se¬ govia District, Sangsangta, Schramm 55 (US). Boaeo: El Porton, Stevens 9268 (MO, US); Cerro Mombaehito, Ste¬ vens et al. 14710 (MO, US); Rfo Fonseca, “Los Garcfa,” Moreno 10187 (MO, US); 4 km al Oeste de Boaco. Moreno 10201 (MO, US); Camoapa, Stevens 22986 (MO. LIS). Car- azo: La Paz de Oriente, Moreno 10699 (MO, US). Chin- andega: Ameya, Maxon et al. 7114 (US), Maxon et al. 7201 (US); Vnlc4n Chonco, Sandino 1377 (MO); Santo Tomas del Nance. Moreno 11846 (MO, US); Volcan Casita, Montanas El Uval, Grijalva & Grijalva 1458 (MO, US). Chontales: Cuapa. Neill 7457 (CR, LS), Stevens 3637 (MO, US), Nee & Sebastian 28471 (MO. US); 6 km E of Santo Tomas, Hernandez & Stevens 618 (MO, US). Esteli: Salto de Estanzuela, Atwood & Neill AN140 (MO, NY, 120 Novon US), Stevens et al. 14398 (MO, US), Castro et al. 1176 (MO, US), Soza et al. 146 (MO, US), Moreno 24390 (MO, US), Hernandez et al. 637 (MO, US). Granada: Grenada de Nicaragua, P. Ldvy 1060 (P); Volcdn Mombacho, At¬ wood & Neill AN 186 (MO, US), Moreno 1458 (MO, US), Moreno 1506 (MO), Moreno 2614 (MO. US), Sandino 1306 (MO, US), Sandino et al. 2906 (MO, US), Moreno 16465 (MO. US), Marin & Cisneros 137 (MO), Grijalva et al. 2902 (MO, US), Soza & Moreno 74 (MO, US); Comarca La Fuente, Guzman et al. 604 (MO, US). Jinotega: El Cedro, Moreno 810 (MO, US). Madriz: San Juan de Rfo, Stevens et al. 17669 (MO). Managua: Casa Colorada, Maxon et al. 7375 (US); Las Nubes, Maxon et al. 7492 (US); El Crucero, Stevens 3511 (MO); along Hwy. 8 ca. 2.4 km SW of intersection with Hwy. 2, km 28, Stevens 3993 (MO, US); Rfo Los Mangos, Hwy. 12 bridge, Stevens 9788 (MO); carretera entre Las Conchitas y Masachapa, km 27—30, Guzman & Castro 1956 (MO, US). Masava: Laguna de Masaya, Neill 1034 (MO); Parque Nacional Volcdn Masaya, Neill 4647 (MO); Jardfn Rotanico UCA, Sandino 3491 (MO, US). Mutagalpu: Cerro Apante, San¬ dino 1517 (MO, US); Cerro El Apante Grande, Soza et al. 124 (MO, US); Rancherfa, II km al NE de Muy Muy, Moreno 24454 (MO. US). INueva Segovia: Ocotal, Que- brada El Nancital, Stevens 3086 (MO, US); San Fernando, Stevens 3219 (MO, US). Rfo San Juan : San Bartolo, Sey¬ mour 6212 (MO, US). Robbins 6222 (NY); Rfo Indio, Ri¬ viere 297 (MO). Rivas: Isla Ometepe, Voledn Concepcion, la Concepcidn "El Floral,” Robleto 1049 (MO, US); Isla Ometepe, Volcdn Maderas, "La Palma,” Robleto 1215 (MO, US). Zelaya: Rfo Punta Gorda, Atlanta. Moreno & Sandino 12842 (MO, US); Nueva Guinea, Araquistain 3023 (MO); Wany, Ortiz 44 (MO, US); Santa Rosa, Ortiz 66 (MO, US); Waspado, Ortiz 245 (MO, US); road between Nueva Guinea and Verdun, Miller & Sandino 1119 (MO, US); El Zapote, 6 km S of Colonia Verdun, Nee & Vega 27888 (MO); Sector Mina Nueva America, Ortiz 2148 (MO. US). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: San Ramon, Brenes 14430 (US); San Pedro de San Ramon. Brenes 4321 (NY), Brenes 11 (NY); Tapesco de Zarcero, Austin Smith 780 (NY); Zapote, Austin Smith 914 (NY); La Pefia de Zarcero, Austin Smith 996 (NY); Quebrada Azul (San Carlos), Bre¬ nes 23069 (NY); San Rafael de Guatuso, Grecia, A. Jimdnez 1084 (CR); Quebrada Lajas, Buena Vista de San Carlos, A. Jimdnez 2318 (CR); N of San Ramon. lAlinger & White 1252 (CR. MO, US); 3 km NNE of Bijagua, Bur¬ ger & Baker 9836 (MO). Curtagu: Rfo Aguacaliente, Pit- tier 2634 (US); foret de Puis, Cartago, Tonduz 11360 (US); El Mufieco, Standley & Torres R. 51719 (US); Turrialba, Croat 588 (MO), Croat 590 (MO); Alto Velo de Novia. Unit 1013 (CR); 10 km S of Tapantf, Burger & Stolze 5626 (CR, MO, NY), Burger & Burger 7575 (CR); Tapantf Hy¬ droelectric Reserve, Croat 36165 (US); Quebrada Cangre- ja, Liesner & Judziewicz 14482 (MO, US). Guanacaste: Tilardn, Standley & Valerio 44544 (US); Comelco Property near Bagaces, Opler 317 (CR); Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Barringer et al. 4008A (CR); Parque Nacional Rin- c6n de la Vieja, Rivera 664 (MO); 10 km S of Santa Cruz near Vista al Mar, Grant & Rundell 92-02007 (CR. US). Heredia: El Ruble, V. L. Stevens 626 (US); Zona Protec- tora Q. Canta Rana Magsasay, /. Chacdn 865 (CR). Li- mon: Forets de Tsaki, Talamanca, Tonduz 9515 (CR); Rfo Revenlazon below Cairo, Standley & Valerio 49008 (US); Toro Amarillo, Solis 23904 (CR); La Lola, Carlson 3274 (US); 10 mi. SW of Guapiles, Walker 181 (US); between Siquirres and the Rfo Pacuare, Burger & Liesner 6972 (US); Cahuita National Park. Hammitt 145 (CR); I-ago f)a- bagri hasta Rfo I .lei, Gdmez et al. 23180 (MO. US); Parque Nacional Tortuguero, Estacidn Agua Frfa, Robles 1215 (CR). Robles & Flores 1625 (CR), Solano 55 (MO, US); 12.5 km S of the San Josd-Limdn Hwy. between Germania and Siquirres, Grant & Rundell 92-01948 (CR. US). Pun- tarenas: forets du Rfo Naranjo, Tonduz 7657 (CR); Rfo Sdndalo, Osa Peninsula, Dodge & Goerger 10080 (CR. MO. NY, US); Palmar Norte, along Rfo Grande de Terraba. Allen 5313 (NY, US); 8 km al SE de Golfito, A. Jimenez 2264 (CR. NY); entre l^dgarto y Boruca, A. Jimenez 3472 (CR); Cabo Blanco Nature Reserve, Burger & Liesner 6669 (CR, NY); Miramar turnoff. Gentry 1330 (CR, NY); be¬ tween Golfito and Rfo Claro. Maas & McAlpin 1438 (CR); Baron de Esparta, Ocampo 1307 (CR); Boruca, Buenos Aires, Ocampo 1396 (CR); Barranca Site, about 15 mi. N of Puntarenas, Janzen 10743 (MO); sendero entre Boca de Barranca y Cabezas, Gomez-Laurito 6865 (CR); Esparza, Macacona, Gdmez 20749 (MO. NY, US); Corcovado Na¬ tional Park, Acevedo 515 (US); Santa Elena, S of Agua Caliente, Davidse et al. 28232 (US); Finca El Eden, km 193, R 2. Gdmez 22949 (MO, US); 7 km SE of Quepos, Gray urn & Sleeper 5925 (MO, US); Santa Elena to Coyolar de Guacimal, near Lomas Angeles, Hammel 17105 (CR, MO); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Sirena, Ollas Trail, Ker- nan 1262 (CR, MO, US); Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estacidn Maritza, Chavarria 170 (CR. MO, US); Parque Nacional Corcovado, Estacidn Sirena, Saborio 88 (1NB. US); Reserva Absoluta Cabo Blanco, Chavarria 277 (INB, MO. US); Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve area. Burger & Baker 9778 (CR), Dryer 885 (CR), Pounds 181 (MO), Haber & Zuchowski 10759 (CR, US); Las Cruces Biolog¬ ical Station (Wilson Botanical Garden) area. Raven 21803 (CR), Raven 21896 (CR, MO), Webster 21973 (CR), Burch 4545 (MO), Meerow et al. 2001 (CR). Grayum 3361 (US), Grayum 5599 (CR. MO, US), Kress & Di Stilio 94—1109 (US), Kress & Calderdn 94-5207 (US). San Jose: bords du Tilin'. Tonduz 6952 (CR), Tonduz 8834 (US); La Palma, Stork 438 (US), Stork 430 (US); San Luis de Turrubales, Valerio 653 (CR); La Palma, trail to Gudpiles, Burger 4139 (CR); Rfo Hondura, below Bajo La Hondura, Taylor c& Taylor 11895 (NY); Rfo Claro Valley below La Palma, Burger et al. 9420 (CM): Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, Gdmez-Laurito 6445 (CR); Montanas Jamaica, Carara Re¬ serve, 9°45.5'N, 84°33'W, Grayum et al. 5867 (MO); Zona Protectora La Cangreja, Grayum 8626 (CR); Zona Protec- tora El Rodeo Ciudad, Colon, Q. Jimenez et al. 855 (CR, MO, US); Santa Rosa de Puriscal, Morales 313 (MO); Can¬ ton de Santa Ana, Brazil de Santa Ana, Hammel et al. 19045 (INB. MO, US). PANAMA. Boeas del Toro: Water Valley, von Wedel 970 (MO. US), von Wedel 1431 (MO), von Wedel 1498 (MO), von Wedel 1542 (MO); Isla Coldn, vicinity of Chiriquf lagoon, von Wedel 2798 (MO, US), von Wedel 2798 (MO); Quebrada Huron on Cerro Bonyik, Kirkbride & Duke 608 (NY); La Zorra, Kirkbride <& Duke 827 (MO, NY); 12 mi. from Rfo San Felix, D'Arcy 16318 (MO, US); Fortuna Dam area, D'Arcy 16-101 (MO. US). Chiriquf: Puerto Armuelles, Woodson & Schery 824 (MO, US); San Bartolomd, Peninsula de Burica, Woodson & Schery 883 (MO, NY); E of Gualaca, Allen 5029 (MO); Boquete, 6 mi. N of Concepcion, Ebinger 750 (MO, US); N of San Fdlix. Mori & Kallunki 6007 (MO); Cerro Col¬ orado, Bocas Road, Folsom & Collins 1736 (MO); Haras San Miguel, near Rfo Mula, Folsom 3950 (MO, US); Vul¬ can to Rfo Serano, Folsom 4058 (M0, US); Cerro Colo¬ rado, Folsom et al. 4793 (US); “km 85,” Him 567 (MO, NY, US); road to Rfo Sereno from Volcdn. Murphy 1104 (MO); Fortuna Dam area, Churchill 5387 (MO. US). Co- Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Grant Two New Species of Commelinaceae 121 cle: Cerro Valle Chiquito, Seibert 511 (MO, NY); between Las Margaritas and El Valle, Woodson et al. 1235 (MO, NY); El Valle, La Mesa, Gentry 5653 (MO); El Valle de Anton, Allen 1978 (MO, NY, US); Penonome to Coclecito, 9 km N of Llano Grande, D'Arcy & Hammel 12297 (MO); between Rio Blanco and Cana Susio, Sytsma et al. 2468 (MO). Colon: Gatlin, Hayes 177 (NY); 8 km NW of Gam¬ boa. Nee 7598 (MO); Pipeline Road near Gamboa, Schmalzel et al. 775 (MO). Darien: road from El Real to Pinogano, Duke 5142 (MO, US). Herrera: road between Las Minas and Pese, Duke 12306(3) (MO, NY); Alto de Las Minas, Carrasquilla 253 (MO). Los Santos: 17.8 mi. S of Macaracas, Lewis et al. 1602 (MO, NY); Ixima Prieta. Duke 11865(3) (MO), Lewis el al. 2209 (MO, NY); Rio Pedregal, 25 mi. SW of Tonosi, Lewis et al. 2912 (MO); Guaniquito, about 10 mi. N of Tonosf, Luteyn & Foster 1371 (CR, MO, US). Panama: Cerro Gordo, nearCulebra, Pittier 3740 (NY, US); Arraijan, Woodson et al. 1395 (MO, NY); Salamanca Hydrographic Station, Ri'o Pequeni, Woodson et al. 1593 (MO, NY); Rfo Pacora, Bartlett & Lasser 16959 (NY); Chilibre, Dwyer 1029 (US); Las Cru¬ ces Trail. E of Summit Gardens. Welch 19645 (MO, NY); halfway between El Llano and Rio Mamoni, Duke 5539 (MO); Howard Air Force Base, Tyson 1862 (MO); 2 mi. SW of Guabala, Ijewis 4345 (MO); Nuevo Emperador. Ri¬ vera E. 10 (MO); Cerro Azul, Croat 11517 (MO); Armour Trail. Croat 11666 (MO); Port Kobbe, near Indo Beach, Sullivan 233 (MO); Farfan Beach, D'Arcy & D'Arcy 6061 (MO), Sullivan 576 (MO): Trocha C, Isla Bayana, Altos de Maje, Garibaldi 197 (MO); Curundu, 9°00'N, 79°35'W, 50 m, Hamilton 575 (MO, US); Barro Colorado Island, Stan- dley 31354 (US), Standley 41139 (US), Ebinger 547 (MO, US), Croat 4323 (MO), Croat 6315 (MO); Madden Dam and Forest area (Parque Nacional Soberanfa), Boy Scout Camp Road, Dwyer <£- Elias 7490 (MO), Kirkbride 46 (NY). Kirkbride & Elias 259 (MO, NY), Hamilton & Stock- well 1150 (MO, US), Nee 6546 (NY), Croat 11876 (MO), Croat & Zhu 77055 (MO). Veraguas: Rfo Dos Bocas be¬ tween Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra and Calovebora, 15.6 km NW of Santa Fe, Croat 27751 (MO); Cerro Tute, With¬ erspoon et al. 8853 (MO). McPherson 10651 (MO). Tradescantia sect. Manoonia D. R. Hunt Tradescantia petricola J. R. Grant, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Guanacaste: Canton de Ba- gaces, Parque National Palo Verde, Valle del Tempisque, Sendero GuayacAn, 10°21'00"N, 85°2T00"W, 10 m, 6 Sep. 1994, Chavarria 1035 (holotype, US; isotypes, CR not seen, INB, MO not seen). Figure 2. Haec species Tradescantiae velutinae Kunth & C. D. BouchA et T. ambiguae Martius affinis, sed ab ambabus caulibus pedicellis et sepalis glabris ab ilia sepalis lon- gioribus atque seminibus majoribus, robuste costatis, ni- griscentibus, 2-3.3 X 1.2-1.5 mm metientibus distingui- tur. Robust perennials, rather clumsily erect to some¬ what decumbent, arising seasonally from tuber¬ bearing roots, not rooting at the nodes. Stems green, suffused with reddish purple between vertical white striations, from a distance appearing checkered from the green of the stem and whitish green of the sheaths. Leaves spirally arranged, succulent; sheaths 0.5—1.5 cm long, marked^ different in col¬ or from the blade, whitish or with green tinge with vertical veins standing out in light green, just short¬ er in length than the leaf internodes, glabrous, blades sessile, (5-) 13-23 X (1—).3—5 cm, lanceo¬ late-oblong with a strong-impressed false midrib, acuminate to acute at apex, rounded to cordate at base, glabrous and lustrous above., the stomates so large as to give a pocked appearance to the blade; abaxial surface puberulous; leaf margins maroon, entire, undulate to crispate, ciliolate; leaves strong¬ ly decrescent on the flowering shoot. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, sessile to subsessile. Bracts strongly unequal when paired, acuminate, 8—60 X 3—15 mm, with vestiture as in the leaves. Pedicels glabrous, green, erect, white below, 11-13 mm long, recurved after flowering. Flowers bisexual, without any noticeable scent, 15—20 mm wide. Se¬ pals 3, not reflexed, navicular, 5-8 X 2-3.5 mm, lanceolate-elliptic, green or tinged with reddish purple, becoming mostly reddish purple post an- thesis, abaxial acute and glabrous, adaxial pair cu- cullate with a small apical tuft of eglandular hairs. Petals 3, pale lavender, white medio-basally, 8—11 X 7.5-9(-ll) mm, broadly ovate, apically obtuse, free to the base. Stamens 6, equal, fertile, spread¬ ing; filaments white proximally, lavender and densely bearded with long, white moniliform hairs, 2-3 mm, distally; anthers basifixed, reniform; con¬ nective debate; anther sacs small and distal, de¬ hiscing downward; pollen bright yellow. Ovary ovoid, white, densely puberulous apically; style ir¬ regularly bent distally, lavender but white in prox¬ imal third and just below the stigma; stigma white, capitate. Capsule ca. 5 mm, oblong-ellipsoid, de¬ hiscent. Seeds dark gray to black, coarsely 12- ribbed radially, whitish gray in depressions, nar¬ rowly trigonal, 2—3.3 mm long, 1.2—1.5 mm wide, 1 mm thick; hiluin linear; embryotega dorsal. Tradescantia petricola is known best from the tropical dry forest of Parque Nacional Palo Verde, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, where it is locally abun¬ dant in the forest understory on low limestone hills. It grows in tight crevices on vertical rock ledges and large boulders, hence the epithet. It is to be expected in adjacent areas with similar vegetation and geology, such as Parque Nacional Barra Honda. Three collections from Venezuela are also tenta¬ tively placed here. Tradescantia petricola (Costa Rica, Venezuela) is notable in its essentially glabrous stem, pedicels, and sepals, though the sepals (5—8 X 2—3.5 mm) 122 Novon Figure 2. Tradescantia petricola J. K. Grant. —A. Habit. —B. Upper stems before flowering. —C. Inflorescence. — I). Seeds. (A-l) Grant & Rundell 95-02347 in cultivation.) often have an apical tuft of eglandular hairs. Its seeds are robustly ribbed, 2—3.3 X 1.2—1.5 mm, and are dark gray to blackish. Both T. velutina (Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua) and T. ambigua (northeastern Brazil) have pilose inflorescences. T. velutina has shorter sepals (2.5—4.5 mm long) that are velutinous to short tomentose, and tan, 1-2 X 1 mm seeds. T. ambigua has pilose sepals, 8(—9) mm long. In Costa Rica, Tradescantia petricola flowers in the rainy season from late September to November. Flowering begins with the appearance of a cincin- nus in the axis of each of the upper 5 to 6 leaves; however, no paired bracts are yet visible. As the inflorescences grow, they become increasingly more complex. While most inflorescences are subtended by a pair of bracts typical of the genus, some have only a single bract, or rarely, none at all. In ma¬ turity, each inflorescence may consist of complex clusters of up to 5 or more inflorescences with sin¬ gle or paired bracts on short axillary shoots. Raratypes. COSTA RICA. Guanaoaste: Panque Na- cional Palo Verde, Area Conservacion Tempisque, Esta- cidn Palo Verde, Sendero Cactus, 10°20'00"N, 85°21'10''W, 10-100 m, 12 Dec. 1990, Chavarria 195 (INB), 27 May 1995, Grant & Rundell 95-02347 (CR. US). VENEZUELA. Falcon: 4 km SSW of Mene de Mau- roa (ca. 4 km from border with Zulia State), Distrito Mau- roa, 1 (K) m, 1/9 1984. Wingfield 13005 (US). Lara: Agua Blanca, cerca de Rarquisimeto, 1930, //. C. 126 (VEN); Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Grant Two New Species of Commelinaceae 123 Largo tie Valencia, Isla el Homo, 18 Sep. 1952, Var. & Gessner 1875 (VEN). Acknowledgments. I thank the staffs of the fol¬ lowing herbaria for assistance during my visits to examine material: COL, CR, G, GH, INB, MO, NY, P, R, RB, US, and VEN, and for the loan of her¬ barium specimens from CR, INB, PR, and VEN. Barry Hammel and Michael Grayum provided much support and encouragement for my research on Dichorisandra. Barry Hammel, Robert Faden, and two anonymous reviewers meticulously edited the manuscript. Bobbi Angell skillfully prepared the line drawings of both Dichorisandra amabilis and Tradescantia petricola. I especially thank Rob¬ ert Faden for sharing his wealth of knowledge on the Commelinaceae. Literature Cited Hunt. I). R. 1994. Commelinaceae. Pp. 157—173 in: G. Davidse, M. Sousa S. & A. 0. Chaler (editors). Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 6, Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Universidad Nacional Autdnoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F.; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis; The Natural History Museum. London. Typification and New Combinations in Abrus Adanson (Fabaceae, Faboideae, Abreae) Daniel K. Harder Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Abstract. A lectotype is indicated for Abrus me- lanospermus Hasskarl. Two new combinations are provided tor widely distributed taxa of Abrus oc¬ curring in Central. West, and East Africa, Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, and New Caledonia. These no- inenelatural clarifications are necessary anteced¬ ents for the consideration of this genus tor Flora Zambesiaca. During the preparation of the treatment of Abreae (Fabaceae, Faboideae) for Flora Zambes¬ iaca, taking into account the flora of Caprivi Strip, Botswana, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, it be¬ came clear that the designation of a lectotype for Abrus melanospermus Hasskarl was needed. The following new combinations are needed to treat the taxa of Abrus within the Flora region in accordance with current nomenclatural rules. Abrus iiielanosperinus Hasskarl, Cat. hort. hot. bogor: 282. 1844. TYPE: Java. Horsfield L. 14 (lectotype, designated here, K; isolectotype, K). Abrus pulchellus Wallich ex Thwaites, Enum. pi. zeyl: 91. 1859. Syn. nov. TYPE: Sri Lanka. Belanger, Thwai¬ tes 1467 (isotypes, (I. K. P). There is no precedent established for designating types of taxa described by Hasskarl (1844). Here, numerous protologues of new species were pub¬ lished from cultivated material without a specimen reference, including the protologue of Abrus melan¬ ospermus. Two specimens at K comprise original material as defined by Article 9.7 footnote 1 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al., 1994: 11), since it can be shown that the description validating the name was based upon this material. At K there is one specimen with a handwritten label marked “Herb. Javanicum Dr. Horsfield, L. 14” and a determination, ‘‘‘'Abrus melanospermus Hassk.” believed to have been penned by Hasskarl that has no conflict with the protologue for A. me¬ lanospermus cited above. This specimen with a young inflorescence I designate as the lectotype. Another specimen at K with a printed label indi¬ cating, “Herb. T. Horsfield, Java, Purchased 1859,” then handwritten “L. 14, Abrus melanospermus Hassk. (M),” is from the same collection. This is also consistent with the protologue, but it lacks flowers and lruit and is here considered an isolec¬ totype. Based on this lectotypification of A. melanosper¬ mus, the following new combinations are needed for infraspecific taxa of Abrus occ urring in the Flora Zambesiaca region. Abrus melanospermus subsp. suffruticosus (Boutique) D. Harder, comb. nov. Basionym: Abrus suffruticosus Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. Ltat 25: 127. 1955. Abrus pulchellus subsp. suffruticosus (Boutique) Verdeourt, Kew Bull. 24: 249. 1970. TYPE: Democratic Republic of Congo. Lubumbashi [Elisabethville], de Giorgi s.n. (holotype, BR). Abrus melanospermus subsp. tenuiflorus (Ben- tham) D. Harder, comb. nov. Basionym: Abrus tenuiflorus Bentham, in Martins, FI. bras. 15(1): 216. 1859. Abrus pulchellus subsp. ten¬ uiflorus (Bentham) Verdeourt, Kew Bull. 24: 250. 1970. TYPE: Brazil. Santarem, Spruce 786 (holotype, K; isotypes, BM, C, G, NY). Literature Cited Greuter, W., F. R. Barrie, H. M. Burdet, W. G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, I). L. Hawkswortli. I’. M. j0rgensen, 1). II. Nicholson, P. G. Silva, P Trehane & J. McNeill. 1994. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code). Regnum Veg. 131. Hasskarl, J. K. 1844. Catalogus plantarum in horto botan- ico bogoriensi cultarum alter. Djakarta. Novon 10: 124. 2000. Amorphophallus zengianus (Araceae), a New Chinese Species from Yunnan Long Chunlin and Li Heng Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, People s Republic of China Abstract. Amorphophallus zengianus C. L. Long & H. Li from Yunnan, China, is described as new. It is similar to A. krausei Engler in having an erect, boat-shaped spathe with a sterile portion between male and female parts, but differs in having a spathe without spots, an appendix shorter than the spathe, and a pleasant odor. Amorphophallus zengianus C. L. Long & H. Li, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Jinping Xian, Ma’andi (22°40'N, 103°10'E), 900 m, 25 June 1998, C. L Long 98003 (holotype, KUN). Species Amorphophallo krausei Engler affinis, sed spa- tha intus basi atro-purpurea, appendice spadicis subcy- lindrica 6 cm longa, 2-2.4 cm crassa papillosa et basi rugosa, inflorescentia neutra inter inflorescentias femi- neas et masculas 2 cm longa, 2.5 cm crassa staminodiis fusiforrnibus usque 6 mm longis 5 mm crassis suffulla, differt. Tuberous herbs; tuber obovoid or depressed-ob- conical, ca. 14 X 12 cm, producing short globose offsets. Leaf unknown. Inflorescence long-pedun¬ culate; peduncle ca. 56 X 1.5—2.3 cm, pale green with sparse (denser at base), blackish green, ob¬ long, small spots, smooth; spathe erect, boat¬ shaped to ovate, ca. 20 X 15 cm; basal part dark purple, convolute, ca. 9.5 X 3(at base)-6 cm, slightly papillose; limb light green abaxially, green adaxially, deltoid, ca. 10 X 10 cm, the apex erect, acute. Spadix sessile, shorter than spathe, ca. 14 cm, emitting a faint, orange-like fragrance; female portion ca. 2.5 X 2 cm, the ovaries green, ovoid, ca. 2.5 mm diam., 2-ovulate; style pale green, ca. 1.5 mm, the stigma brown, slightly 3- or 4-lobed; sterile portion of spadix yellow, ca. 2 X 2.5 cm, the staminodes fusiform, ca. 6X5 mm; male por¬ tion of spadix yellow, ca. 3.5 cm X 2.2 mm, the synandria obconical, ca. 1 mm; anthers subglo- bose, short, pores apical; appendix of spadix deep yellow, cylindric, ca. 5.5 X 2.2 cm, the base ru- gulose, the apex acute, entirely papillose. Chro¬ mosome number: 2 n = 26. Distribution. Known only from Jinping Xian, southern Yunnan, China, in secondary forest and shrubs in valleys, from 760 to 1820 m above sea level. Amorphophallus zengianus resembles A. krausei (from western Yunnan, China, and northern Myan¬ mar). However, the latter species differs in its in¬ florescence, the odor of which is most unpleasant and reminiscent of a natural gas leak; its spathe, which is pale yellowish green adaxially, the base pale green with many small, slightly elongate or irregularly ridge-shaped warts; its spadix, which is nearly as long as the spathe; and its peduncle, which is marked with partly or almost entirely con¬ fluent spots and white dots. Morphologically, Amorphophallus zengianus, A. krausei, and other species such as A. konjac C. Koch, A. yunnanensis Engler, and A. kachinensis Engler & Gehrmann belong to the same section, i.e., section Conophallus Engler. They also have the same chromosome numbers, i.e., 2 n = 26, dif¬ fering from A. paeoniifolius Nieolson in section Cundarum Engler, which has 2 n = 28 (Long et al., 1989; Li et al., 1990). Chromosome number is not significant to identify species from the same section, but it may be useful to differ sections in Amorphophallus. The new species is named in honor of Zeng Xia- olian, a botanical illustrator and artist at Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for his great contributions to the research of Ara¬ ceae and other taxa in China. Acknowledgments. The study is supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (the Knowledge Innovation Project and a grant numbered KZ951- A1-104). We are grateful to Zhou Yi-lan, who is cultivating the type collection in her private gar¬ den. Special thanks are extended to Zhou Qi-xing for making the chromosome count, and to Wang Ling for preparing the illustration. We also thank Nick Turland (MO) for his comments and help in Novon 10: 12S-127. 2000. 126 Novon 2cm 1 mm Figure 1. Amorphophallus zengianus C. L. Long & H. Li. —A. Inflorescence. —B. Bart of peduncle showing cataphvll. —C. Tuber. —I). Synandrium. —E. Pistil and longitudinal section of pistil showing ovules. All drawn irom the type collection, C. L. Long 98003 (drawn by Wang Ling). Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Long & Li Amorphophallus zengianus from Yunnan 127 the preparation of the manuscript, and Thomas Croat (MO) for his valuable comments. Literature Cited Li, H., Z. J. Gu, C. L. Long & Y. P. Yang. f990. Report on the karyotypes of Amorphophallus from China (11). Guihaia 10(1): 21—24. Long, C. L.. Z. J. Gu & H. Li. 1989. Report on the kar¬ yotypes of Amorphophallus from China (1). Guihaia 9(4): 317-321. Marsdenia gallardoae (Asclepiadaceae), una Nueva Especie tie Chiapas y Oaxaca, Mexico Lucia Lozada-Pdrez Facultad de Ciencias, UN AM, Apartado Postal 70-208. Mexico D.F. 04510 RESUMEN. Marsdenia gallardoae, una nueva es- peeie de Asclepiadaceae de Chiapas y Oaxaca del sur de Mexico, se caracteriza por tener el interior de la corola densamente puberulenta y por no pre- sentar un callo en los senos de la misma. Comparte con M. trivirgulata Bartlett caracterfsticas foliares y el color de la flor. ABSTRACT. Marsdenia gallardoae, a new species of Asclepiadaceae from Chiapas and Oaxaca in southern Mexico, is characterized by a densely pu- berulent corolla interior and absence of a callus in the sinus within the corolla. It shares with M. tri¬ virgulata Bartlett foliar characteristics and the col¬ or of the flower. En la determinacion de eolectas recientes de As¬ clepiadaceae, como parte del estudio de la fldrula en la region de Nizanda en el Itsmo de Tehuantepec del estado de Oaxaca, Mexico, que realiza el la- boratorio de Eeologfa de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), se descubrio una nueva especie. Esta es¬ pecie que a eontinuacion se describe e ilustra, se caracteriza por ser densamente puberulenta en el interior de la corola y por no presentar un callo en los senos de la misma, entre otros caracteres dis- tintivos. Marsdenia gallardoae Lozada-Perez, sp. nov. TIPO: Mexico. Oaxaca: Distrito Juchitan de Zaragoza, Municipio Asuncion Ixtaltepec, ha- cia el “Agua Tibia”, a 0.5 km al N de Nizanda, 16°40'02"N, 95°00'35"W, bosque ripario, 215 m, 1 ago. 1995, C. Gallardo 1561 (holotipo, MEXU; isotipo, MO). Figura 1. Haec species Marsdeniae trivirgulalae Bartlett affinis seel al) ea corolla adaxialiter dense puberula ad sinum inter lobulos callis absentibus. lobulis coronae 0.7—0.9 mm longis, 0.7—0.8 mm latis; polliniis 0.30—0.32 mm lon- gis, corpuseulo ca. 0.12 mm longo recto differt. Trepadora con savia lechosa, tallos lenosos y suberosos en la base, glabros, ratnas jovenes gla- bras o retrorso-puberulentas, el indumento dis- puesto en una lfnea. Hojas opuestas; laminas 3—6 X 1.0—3.5 cm, ovadas, lanceoladas o elfpticas, ap- ice acuminado o agudo, margenes enteros, base aguda, obtusa o redondeada, venacion pinnada, con 4—5 pares de venas laterales, haz verde, glabro, esparcidamente puberulento, o con indumento solo en la vena central, 2^4 glandulas en la base de la lamina, enves verde palido, glabro o puberulento, principalmente en la vena central; pecfolos 0.3-0.8 cm tie largo, puberulentos. Flores 2—5. dispuestas en una cima umbeliforme lateral, 0.7-1.0 cm de largo, sesil o con pedunculos ca. 1.0 mm de largo, puberulentos o glabros; bracteas 1.2—1.5 X 0.4—0.5 mm, ovadas a estrechamente ovadas; pedicelos 1— 2 mm de largo, puberulentos. Caliz del mismo ta- mano que el tubo de la corola, lobulos 1.7-2.2 X 0.8—1.2 mm, lanceolados a estrechamente ovados, glabros o puberulentos abaxialmente, ciliados en el margen, con una glandula en cada seno; corola blanca o blanca con lfneas rojas, carnpanulada, 5— 7 mm de largo, tubo 1.7—2.2 mm de largo, lobulos 2.3—3.5 X 1.0—1.8 mm, lanceolados a estrecha¬ mente ovados, apice obtuso a agudo, oblicuamente emarginado, glabros abaxialmente o con algunos pelos cortos, densamente puberulentos adaxial- mente, incluyendo el tubo. Ginostegio ligeramente conico, corto-estipitado, 1.3—1.5 mm de largo (sin incluir el apendiee estilar); corona de 5 lobulos, unidos a la base del ginostegio, cada lobulo 0.7— 0.9 X 0.7—0.8 mm, muy ampliamente ovado, tan altos como las anteras, lobulos laterales amplios, cubriendo la cavidad estigmatica; apendiee tie la antera membranoso, caudado, margen crenado, un tercio o casi la mitad de la longitud del apendiee estilar; polfnios 0.30—0.32 X ca. 0.1 mm, corpus- culo ca. 0.12 mm de largo, recto; apendiee estilar conico, rostrado, 1.0—1.5 X ca. 0.4 mm, apice agu¬ do, ligeramente dividido. Eoh'culos napiformes, dp- ice largo-atenuado, 9.0—10.5 X ca. 1.0 cm, glabro. Semillas 0.8—1.0 X 0.5—0.6 cm, ovadas, con un margen engrosado de color bianco, superficie in¬ terior lisa, de color verde claro, con una cara con- vexa y la opuesta concava, esta ultima con una eresta que se extiende desde el apice hasta el cen¬ tre; coma ca. 3.5 cm de largo. Marsdenia gallardoae comparte con M. trivirgu¬ lata caracterfsticas tie forma, tamano, color e in- Novon 10: 128-131. 2000. Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Lozada-Perez Marsdenia gallardoae de Mexico 129 Figura 1. Marsdenia gallardoae Fozada-Perez. —a. Habito mostrando el arreglo de las flores y liojas. —b. Detalle de la hoja y la inflorescencia. —c. Flor mostrando la pubeseencia en la cara adaxial de la corola. —d. Vista adaxial de la corola. —e. Ginostegio mostrando los lobulos de la corona y el apendice estilar. —f. Polinario. —g. Fruto. —h. Semilla. (a—f, C. Gallardo 1561 ; g. h, E. Perez 1647). 130 Novon l igura 2. Marsdenia trivirgulata Bartlett. —A. Vista adaxial de la eorola. las manchas en los lobulos corresponden a la eoloracion vino o rojo palido. —B. Ginostegio mostrando los lobulos de la corona y el apendice estilar. —C. Polinario (C. Gallardo 258, FCME). dumento de las hojas; el tipo de inflorescencia tam- bien es similar, pero M. gallardoae tiene de 2 a 5 flores por inflorescencia, a diferencia de M. trivir¬ gulata que tiene ca. 8 flores. Aunque las etiquetas de herbario meneionan que los especfmenes de am- lias especies al momento de ser colectados en el campo presentan corolas de color bianco con lfneas y manchas rojas, tal eolorac ion no se mantiene en los ejemplares de herbario. Sin embargo, M. gal¬ lardoae se reconoce por tener flores de color muy palido, en cambio, las flores de M. trivirgulata con- servan tonos de color vino o rojo palido. Otros car- acteres de la eorola igualmente utiles para difer- enciar a estas especies son el indumento y la presencia o auseneia de un eallo en el seno de los lobulos de la eorola; M. gallardoae es densamente puberulenta en el interior de la eorola y carece de un eallo en el seno de los lobulos, en cambio, la eorola de M. trivirgulata (Fig. 2) carece de indu¬ mento en su interior (los ejemplares examinados de Mexico son glabros, sin embargo, algunos espeef¬ menes de Nicaragua presentan indumento, pero este es muy espareido y mas largo) y presenta un eallo en eada seno. Los caraeteres del ginostegio tambien presentan diferencias importantes entre las dos especies; ambas presentan un apendice estilar muy largo y bffido en el apiee, pero en M. trivir¬ gulata la division apical del apendice estilar es mas largo que en M. gallardoae ; esta ultima es- peeie tiene lobulos de la corona casi tan largos como anehos que alcanzan el apiee de las anteras; el corpusculo es recto y corto con respeeto a los polinios y en M. trivirgulata los lobulos de la co¬ rona son mas anehos que largos y generalmente alcanzan solo la base de las anteras; el corpusculo es virguliforme y casi tan largo como los polinios. Marsdenia gallardoae se eonoee solamente de los estados de Oaxaca y Chiapas, Mexico; en cam- bio M. trivirgulata es de mas amplia distribution. ya que se encuentra desde Sonora, Mexico, hasta Panama en la llanura eostera del Oceano Paeffico. Ambas especies tienen como habitat los bosques tropicales deciduos y la vegetaeion cereana a los rfos en suelos de origen ealizo, desde el nivel del mar hasta los 750 m de altitud. Marsdenia gallar¬ doae florece de julio a septiembre y fructifica de septiembre a noviembre; M. trivirgulata florece de septiembre a noviembre y no se conoce cuando fructifica. El epiteto especffico bonra a Claudia Gallardo- Hernandez, botaniea de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, por su contribucion al conocimiento de la flora de La Chinantla y Nizanda, Oaxaca. Paradpos. MEXICO. Chiapas: Mpio. Erontera Com- alapa, a lo largo fie la carretera PA), 28 km al N de El Jocote (empalme), a 37 km de La Trinitaria, 650 m, 19 sep. 1988. W. I). Stevens & E. Marline: 25739 (MEXU); Mpio. Comitan de Dominguez, 1(> km al S\\ de Tzimol, l. 5 km al SW de la bifureaeion de la carretera, 740 m, 20 sep. 1988, W. I). Stevens A E. Martinez 25805 (MEXU). Oaxaca: Distrito Juehitan de Zaragoza, Mpio. Asuncion Ixtaltepec, 3 km al S de Nizanda. cerea de la via del tren Iransismico, 16°38'08"N, 95°00’40"W, 200 m, 20 die. 1998. E. Perez 1647 (MEXU), 14 sep. 1998, E. Perez A H. Keyes 1504 (MEXU); Mpio. Ciudad Ixtepec, Ixtepec, 25 jul. 1936, E. Matilda 9/6 (MEXU); Distrito Santo Domingo Tehuantepec, Mpio. Salina Cruz, 4 km al S de Salina Cruz, carretera a Playa la Ventosa, 27 jul. 1984, K. Torres A C. Martinez 5080 bis (MEXU); Mpio. Santiago Laollaga, 15 km al N de Laollaga, 300 m, 23 ago. 1984. K. Torres A C. Martinez 5852 (MEXU); Mpio. San Mateo del Mar. Iluazantlan del Rfo. carretera Huilo- tepec-Huazantlan, 1 km antes de Huazantlan, 5 m, 12 ago. 1978. 1). Zizumbo A P. Colunga 280 (MEXU); Mpio. Santa Marfa Mixtequilla, a 18 km de Mixtequilla, carre¬ tera a Paso Escondido. 16°27'N. 95°19'\\. 300 m, 24 sep. 1994, /. Calzada PT208 (MEXU); Mpio. Santo Domingo Tehuantepec, El l.imbri, 17 km al W de Tehuantepec, en- trando por Yerba Santa, 19 ago. 1985, C. Martinez 110 (MEXU); Arroyo Yerba Santa, a 2 km de la carretera Te- huautepec-Oaxaca, 16°21'N, 95°22'\\. 10 ago. 1988. C. Martinez 1070 (MEXU); 4.6 km al NV\ de \guascalientes. Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Lozada-Perez Marsdenia gallardoae de Mexico 131 camino a Santa Clara, Salina Cruz, 180 in, 1 sep. 1986, K. Torres & C. Martinez 8924 (MEXU). Agradecimientos. A Jose Luis Villasenor Rios por la diagnosis en latln, la revision del manuscrito y sus valiosas observaciones y comentarios. A Jorge Meave del Castillo y Eduardo Perez responsables del proyecto Florula de Nizanda. La ilustracion fue realizada por Laura Padilla H. New Combinations in Trichophorurn , Scirpoides , and Ficinia (Cyperaceae) A. Muthama Muasya Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.0. Box 45166, Nairobi, Kenya David A. Simpson Koyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom Paul Goetghebeur University of Gent, Ledeganekstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Abstract. Recent DNA studies support the rec¬ ognition of four new combinations for species orig¬ inally assigned to Scirpus. Trichophorurn rigidum lias a single pseudolateral spikelet and lacks peri¬ anth segments. Scirpoides burkei has a woody rhi¬ zome, compact globose inflorescences, and spirally arranged glumes and lacks perianth segments. Fi¬ cinia trollii is a robust species lacking perianth seg¬ ments. Ficinia nodosa has a woody rhizome and a gynophore. The genus Scirpus L. (Cyperaceae) is generally accepted as being split into several segregate gen¬ era on the basis of gross anil embryo morphology (Bruhl, 1995; Goetghebeur, 1998). However, the placement of several species originally assigned to Scirpus has been uncertain due to conflicting mor¬ phological characters. Recent studies ol chloroplast DNA in Cyperaceae, focusing on parsimony anal¬ ysis of sequence data obtained from the rbc L gene and the trnL-F non-coding region, have now clari¬ fied the placement of these taxa (Muasya et al., 1998; Muasya et al., submitted). The following combinations are made to place the species into appropriate genera and maintain these genera as monophyletic. Trichophorum rigidum (Steudel) Goetghebeur, Muasya & D. A. Simpson, comb. nov. Basion- ym: Isolepis rigida Steudel ex Lechler, Ber- berid. Amer. Austr. 56. 1857. Scirpus rigidus (Steudel) Biickeler, Linnaea 36: 492. 1870. Baeothryon rigidum (Steudel) Sojak, in Cas. Nar. Muz. (Prague), 148: 193 (1979 publ. 1980). TYPE: Peru. Lechler 2064 (holotype, B: isotype, K). Distribution. Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru. Paramo; 3700-4400 m. This species was first described in Isolepis but was subsequently transferred to Scirpus. Biickeler (1870) adopted a broad circumscription of the latter and included plants with characters such as a sin¬ gle pseudolateral spikelet and the absence of peri¬ anth segments. However, these are not consistent with Scirpus as currently circumscribed (branched inflorescence with many spikelets and the presence of perianth segments). Although the plant superfi¬ cially resembles Isolepis in having rather small spikelets, its placement in this genus was carried out at a time when this genus was poorly circum¬ scribed. We consider it to be morphologically closer to Trichophorum in having erect leaves and a single spikelet. Analysis of molecular data (Muasya et al., 1998; Muasya et al., submitted) makes this taxon sister to Trichophorum cespitosum (L.) Hartman, thus supporting our morphological interpretation. Scirpoides burkei (C. B. Clarke) Goetghebeur ex Goetghebeur, Muasya & D. A. Simpson, comb, nov. Basionym: Scirpus burkei C. B. Clarke ex C. B. Clarke, in Thiselton-Dyer, Flora Cap. 7: 227. 1898. TYPE: South Africa. Burke 231 (lectotype, here selected, K). Distribution. South Africa. Seasonal wetlands; 1000-2500 m. This species has some characteristics of Scirpus as currently circumscribed, in particular the branched inflorescence with numerous spikelets. However, several other characters place it in Scir¬ poides, such as the woody rhizome, compact globose inflorescences, spikelets with spirally arranged glumes, and the absence of perianth segments. The new combination, Scirpodes burkei , was provision¬ ally made by Goetghebeur (1986) based on mor¬ phological data. DNA analyses (Muasya et al., 1998; Muasya et al., submitted) make the taxon sister to Scirpoides holoschoenus, thus supporting its placement in Scirpoides. Scirpoides burkei is distin¬ guished from other members of the genus by the Novon 10: 132-133. 2000. Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Muasya et al. New Combinations in Cyperaceae 133 well-developed leal blades and mucronate glumes with broad-hyaline margins. Scirpus schinzianus, cited by Clarke (1894) in synonymy, is a manuscript name lrom two collec¬ tions ( Rehman 4694, 6889, not located) and was never validly published. Despite the orthographic similarity it is not connected with Scirpus schinzii Bockeler, which is a synonym of Scirpoides dioecius (Kunth) J. Browning. The lectotypification proposed here avoids possible confusion associated with these names. Fieinia trollii (Kiikenthal) Muasya & D. A. Simp¬ son, comb. nov. Basionym: Scirpus trollii Kti- kenthal, Feddes Repert. 53: 72. 1944. Isolepis trollii (Kiikenthal) K. Lye, in Lye & Haines, Bot. Not. 130: 313. 1977. TYPE: Tanzania. Troll 4916 (holotype, B). Distribution. Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zim¬ babwe. Alpine grassland on broken quartzite rocks; 1600-2400 m. Although first described as a member of Scirpus s.l.. Lye in Lye and Haines (1977) transferred this species to Isolepis without any comment. Haines and Lye (1983) supported this placment and based it on the shared absence of a gynophore. They also suggested that it is “possibly more closely related to the genus Fieinia . . . than to other species of Isolepis being a robust plant with “a tussocky, al¬ most woody base . . . unlike that of any other ( Iso¬ lepis) species” (Haines & Lye, 1983: 140). DNA studies (Muasya et al., submitted) support the latter, with F. trollii embedded in a clade comprising Fi- cinia species. We therefore consider it appropriate to place the species in Fieinia, although a revision of this genus is highly desirable in order to estab¬ lish generic limits and review the characters that distinguish the group. Fieinia trollii is diagnosed by the woody rhizome, leaves with scabrid margins, terete spikelets, flow¬ ers lacking perianth segments, and smooth, shiny nutlets. Fieinia nodosa (Rottboll) Goetghebeur, Muasya & D. A. Simpson, comb. nov. Basionym: Scirpus nodosus Rottboll, Descr. PI. Rar. 24. 1772. Is¬ olepis nodosa (Rottboll) R. Brown, Prodr. 221. 1810. Holoschoenus nodosus (Rottboll) A. Die¬ trich, Sp. PI. 2: 165. 1833. Scirpoides nodosus (Rottboll) Sojak, Cas. Nar. Mus., Odd. Prir. 141: 62. 1972. TYPE: South Africa. Koenig s.n. (holotype, C). Isolepis monocephala Steudel, Syn. Gyp. 97. 1855. Syn. nov. TYPE: Chile. D'Urville 185 (holotype, P). Scirpus nodosus Rottboll var. macrostachyus Bentham, El. Austral. 7: 331. 1878. Syn. nov. TYPE: Australia. Oldfield s.n. (holotype, K). Distribution. Widespread in the Southern Hemisphere, including Australia, Chile, New Zea¬ land, South Africa, St. Helena, and St. Paul. Coast¬ al sand dunes, stream sides; 0—1500 m. Fieinia nodosa has often been treated as a mem¬ ber of Scirpus (e.g., Gordon-Gray, 1995) or Isolepis (e.g., Wilson 1981. 1994) even though it has char¬ acters typical of Fieinia, such as the woody rhizome and presence of a gynophore. The main justification for this lies in its distribution pattern. Fieinia has traditionally been considered as occurring only in sub-Saharan Africa, whereas Scirpus and Isolepis are widespread. Fieinia nodosa is widespread in the Southern Hemisphere, and its inclusion in Fi- cinia markedly extends the distribution of this ge¬ nus. DNA analyses (Muasya et al., 1998; Muasya et al., submitted) place the species within a Fieinia clade that, together with the morphological char¬ acters indicated above, make its placement in Fi- cinia appropriate. Acknowledgments. We thank the curators of B, C, K, and P lor access to or loan of specimens. The first author acknowledges receipt of a Ph.D. stu¬ dentship from the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, dur¬ ing the tenure of which this work was carried out. Literature Cited Bockeler, 0. 1870. Die Cyperaceen des Koniglichen Her¬ bariums zu Berlin. Linnaea 36: 271—512. Bruhl, J. J. 1995. Sedge genera of the world: Relationships and a new classification of the Cyperaceae. Austral. Syst. Bot. 8: 125-305. Clarke, C. B. 1894. Cyperaceae. Pp. 526-692 in T. Du¬ rand & H. Schinz, Conspectus Florae Africae 5. Jardin Botanique de l’Etat, Brussels. Goetghebeur, P. 1986. Genera Cyperacearum. Ph.D. the¬ sis, Universiteit Gent, Belgium. -. 1998. Cyperaceae. Pp. 141—190 in K. kubitzki. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer, Berlin. Gordon-Gray, K. D. 1995. Cyperaceae in Natal. Strelitzia 2. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. Haines, R. W. & K. A. Lye. 1983. The Sedges and Rushes of East Africa. East African Natural History Society, Nairobi. Lye, k. A. & R. W. Hai nes. 1977. Studies in African Cyperaceae XVI. Bot. Not. 130: 31 1-313. Muasya, A. M.. D. A. Simpson, M. W. Chase & A. Cul- ham. 1998. An assessment of the suprageneric phylog- eny in Cyperaceae using rbc J, DNA sequences. PL Syst. Evol. 211: 257-271. Wilson, k. L. 1981. A synopsis of the genus Scirpus sens, lat. (Cyperaceae) in Australia. Telopea 2: 153-172. -. 1994. Cyperaceae. Pp. 238-356 in N. G. Walsh & T. J. Entwistle (editors). Flora of Victoria, Vol. 2. Inkata Press, Melbourne, Sydney. New Species of Siparuna (Siparunaceae) III. Three New Species and One Newly Ranked Entity from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru Susanne S. Renner Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Rd., St. Louis, Missouri 63121, U.S.A., and Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, U.S.A. Gerlinde Hausner Werner-Hilpert-Str. 67, D-65197 Wiesbaden, Germany Abstract. Three new species of Siparuna (Si¬ parunaceae) are described, illustrated, and placed in a phylogenetic context: S. gentryana from west¬ ern Ecuador and adjacent Colombia, S. lozaniana from the western Andes in Colombia, and S. vas- queziana from Amazonian Peru. In addition, Sipa¬ runa calantha from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, originally described by Janet Perkins as a variety of a Mexican entity, is raised to species rank because its broader leaves and more numerous car¬ pels readily distinguish it from its apparent closest relative, a species from the western Colombian An¬ des. Each of the species is known from several col¬ lections, which allowed the secure matching of sex¬ ual morphs in the three that are dioecious. Visits by the first author to major Colombian her¬ baria (COAH, COL, CUVC. HUA, JAUM, MEDEL. TULV, UDBC, and VALLE) in 1997 and 1999 brought to light abundant material of several pre¬ viously undescribed species of Siparuna, a genus that we are monographing (Renner & Hausner, 1995, 1996, 1997). Three of the species are now known from flowering and fruiting collections. How¬ ever, we are still awaiting fully fruiting material of S. vasqueziana. Siparuna vasqueziana is unique in the genus in its flower size and morphology and can therefore be keyed out easily even in the absence of mature fruits. The Siparunaceae are a distinct lineage of Laur- ales (Renner, 1999), the sister group of which are tin; Gomortegaceae from Chile (one species) and the Atherospermataceae from Chile and Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, New Caledonia, and New Guinea (14 species). Siparunaceae are thus only distantly related to Monimiaceae sensu stricto, which are closest to Lauraceae and Hernandiaceae (Renner & Chanderbali, in press). Siparunaceae consist of Siparuna (including Bracteanthus Dueke) and its sister group Glossocalyx, a monotypic West African genus of dioecious straggling shrubs (Ren¬ ner, unpublished obs.), very similar to Siparuna. Siparuna comprises 15 monoecious and at least 50 dioecious species. Ongoing molecular phylogenetic work in the genus (Renner & Won, in prep.) indi¬ cates that tht j dioecious species form a single de¬ rived clade, while the monoecious clades are more basal and form more lhan one clade. Of the species described here, three are dioecious, while one, S. gentryana, is monoecious; none have been se¬ quenced. Although a few papers now exist on the polli¬ nation and floral function of Siparuna (Fed, 1992; Renner et al., 1997), we still have considerable work ahead of us before fully understanding the evolution of Siparunaceae floral morphology and breeding systems. We would be extremely indebted to anyone who would send us liquid-preserved flow¬ ers and/or leaves dried in silica gel to bo used in ongoing anatomical and phylogenetic studies. Ad¬ ditionally, some nine suspected new species from Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru await the collection of flowers of both sexes before they can be described, and we would be happy to supply details to botanists collecting in these countries. Siparuna gentryana Renner, sp. nov. TYPE: Ec¬ uador. Carchi: Tulcan, Reserva Etnica Awa, Parroquia El Chieal, Centro Gualpf Medio, Rio Canumbf, 1150 m, 19-28 Feb. 1993, A. Gri¬ jalva, C. Aulestia & J. Taicuz 606 (holotype, QCNE; isotypes, AAU, MO, NY, QCA, QCNE). Figures 1, 2, and 3. A Siparuna cristata (Poeppig & Endlicher) A. DC. frue- tibus minoribus tuberculatibusque differt. Monoecious tree, 4—20 m tall and reaching a DBH of at least 34 cm, branchlets terete but flat¬ tened at the nodes, densely grayish brown puber- ulous or glabrous. Leaves opposite, the petioles 1— Novon 10: 134-143. 2000. 4 cm Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Renner & Hausner New Species of Siparuna 135 Figure 1. Siparuna gentryana Renner, drawn from representative paratypes. —a. Flowering specimen (Gentry el al. 5,3606. MO). —h. Fruit (Monsalve 13. 1678. MO). —c. Inflorescence (Tipaz 2491. MO). —<1. Male flower. —e. Bud. —f. Lower leaf surface indumentum. 2 mm 136 Novon Figure 2. Siparuna gentryana Renner (Grijalva el al. 6 06, MO). —a. Inflorescence; female flowers on the left with exserted styles (scale bar equals 2 mm), h—d. Scanning electron micrographs. —I). Mature female flower (scale bar equals 0.5 mm). —c. Longitudinal section through a male flower, the pollen-sac valves still closed (scale bar equals 0.3 mm). —d. Longitudinal section through a female flower, showing two carpels, their styles, and the floral roof, which tightly sheaths the styles where they emerge from the flower (scale bar equals 0.3 mm). Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Renner & Hausner New Species of Siparuna 137 Figure 3. Distributions ol Siparuna gentryana (closed circles), S. calantha (cross), 5. vasqueziana (open circles), and S. lozaniana (squares) in northwestern South America. 1.8(-3) cm long, the lamina drying dark reddish brown or rarely pale green, stiff-chartaceous to leathery, oblong, 20—35(—40) X (8—)10—15 cm, the base acute to obtuse, the apex cuspidate, the tip to 1 cm long, lamina above and below glabrous except for the midrib, which may be minutely puberulous near the petiole, with 6 to 13 pairs of secondary veins, flat above, slightly raised below, the margin entire. Cymes 2—3 cm long, short-branched (Figs, lc, 2a) and mostly borne in pairs in the leaf axils as is characteristic of the genus, with 15 to 20 flow¬ ers, the pedicels 2^4 mm long and densely puber¬ ulous. Male flowers at anthesis 1.5—2.2 mm diam., subglobose in shape, the receptacle as puberulous as the cymes, the 5 tepals fused to a thick rim, when fresh cream, the floral roof a barely visible membranous rim within the tepal rim (Figs. Id, 2c); stamens (5)9 to 20(30). Female flowers closely re¬ sembling the male flowers except that the floral roof forms a short cylinder tightly sheathing the styles (Fig. 2b, d); styles usually 5 (Fig. 2b). Fruiting re¬ ceptacle 1.5(—2) cm diam. and conspicuously tu- berculate (Fig. lb), the tubercles fleshy and up to 4 mm long; mature fruits purple or red, drying brown or black; drupelets 1 to 4. Distribution (Fig. 3), habitat, and phenolo¬ gy. Siparuna gentryana occurs in western Ecua¬ dor and Colombia (primarily in the Choco phyto- geographical region) in primary forests from sea level to 1150 m. In Colombia, it has also been col¬ lected in Cauca and Valle, but not yet in Narino where it probably occurs as well. Several sterile specimens from the department of Choco are sus¬ pected to represent S. gentryana, but cannot be dis¬ tinguished with confidence from S. cristata (see dis¬ cussion below). Flowering and/or fruiting material has been collected in every month of the year. Etymology. The species is named for the late A1 Gentry who, during inventory work in the Choco region, collected it at least nine times. Common name. Comida de mono (Ecuador; in¬ dicating possible seed dispersal by primates). Siparuna gentryana resembles S. cristata (Poep- pig & Endlieher) A. DC. in leaf shape and vena¬ tion, but that species has smooth fruits that reach 3.5-4 cm iti length, whereas S. gentryana fruits are tuberculate or spiny and only half that size. In 5. cristata, pedicels of the male flowers often elongate during flowering, becoming up to 2 cm long, a char¬ acter not seen in S. gentryana, where pedicels re¬ main relatively short. Inflorescences and young branchlets in S. gentryana often have a puberulous indumentum (Fig. 2a—d) that is not seen in S. cris¬ tata. Siparuna cristata occurs throughout the Am¬ azon basin and reaches northern Venezuela, adja¬ cent northernmost Colombia, and Panama; its range therefore overlaps with that of 5. gentryana in the Choco. Paratypes. COLOMBIA. Valle: Bajo Calima, 20 m. 28 June 1961, Cabrera 559 (F); Mpio. Buenaventura, Que- brada San Joaquin, 100 m. 7 May 1968, Idrobo & Garzdn 6208 (COL); ca. 15 km N of Buenaventura, 50 m, transect 9, 14 Feb. 1983, Gentry et al. 40208 (COL, JAUM. MO), transect 9, 15 Feb. 1983, Gentry et al. 40280 (COL, JAUM, MO), 26 Mar. 1986. Gentry et a!. 53606 (MO), ca. 20 km N of Buenaventura, 12 Apr. 1987, Gentry et al. 56802 (CUVC. MO); Coneesion Pulpapel Buenaventura, KM) m, 13 Dec. 1984, Monsalve li. 610 (COL, JAUM, MO). 3 June 1987, Monsalve B. 1508 (MO). 20 Aug. 1987, Monsalve H. 1646 (MO), I Sep. 1987, Monsalve B. 1678 (MO). 16 Oct. 1987. Monsalve B. 1973 (MO), l Aug. 1989. Monsalve B. 3141 (CUVC. MO), 26 May 1987, Fa- ber-Langendoen et al. 654 (CUVC, MO), 4 July 1987, Fa¬ ber-Di ngendoen 1157 (MO); Mpio. Buenaventura, Correg. Bajo Calima, Vila. San Isidro, 30 m, 17 Mav 1989, Daly et al. 6019 (CUVC. HUA. MO): Costa del Pacffico, Rio Micay, en Guayabal, 5 m, 25 Feb. 1943, Cuatrecasas 14126 (F, VALLE). Cauca: Mpio. Guapi, Parq. Mac. de Isla Gorgona, 250 m, 16 Mar. 1975. Cabrera B. A Rangel 3260 (CUVC), I June 1986. Lozano C. & Rangel 5096 (COL); Costa del Pacffico, Rfo Naya, Correg. Puerto Mer- izalde, 15 m, 21 Feb. 1943, Cuatrecasas 14024 (US, VAL¬ LE). ECUADOR. Esmeraltlas: Lita to San Lorenzo, km 25. near Alto Tambo, 740 m. 19 July 1988. Dodson & Gentry 17529 (MO. QCNE); Fila de Bilsa. 7 km E of San Jose de Bilsa, ca. 80 km due SW of Esmeraldas, 12 km 138 Novon SE of El Salto on Ataeames—Muisne rd.. transect I, 280 m, 28 Jan. 1991, Gentry A' Josse 72777 (MO, QCNE); Eloy Alfaro, Reserva Eeologiea Cotacachi Cayapas, San Mi¬ guel, 130 m. 15 Jan. 1993. Tipaz 2491 (AAU, MO. NY, QCNE), Tipaz 2(212 (MO. QCNE), Tipaz 2644 (MO. QCNE). Siparuna lozaniana Renner & Hausner, sp. nov. TYPE. Colombia. Cundinamarca: 12 kin SE of Gachala, 2440 m, female specimen, 21 Sep. 1944. M. L. Grunt 10213 (holotype, COL; iso- types, NA, NY, US, U IS). Figures 4 and 3. A Siparuna petiolaris (Kunth. in Humboldt & Bonp- land) A. DC. fructibus vix tuberculatibus differt. Dioecious shrub or treelet, 1—8 (rarely to 16) m tall, young branchlets subangular or terete, subgl- abrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent. Leaves in whorls of 3 or opposite, the petioles 0.7—5 cm long, the lamina drying reddish brown, ohlanceolate to obovate, rarely broadly elliptic, 8—14(—26.5) X 2.7—5(—11) cm, the base acute to obtuse, the apex acute to obtuse, the tip 0.5—0.8 cm long, leaves above and below with few minute appressed stellate to sublepidote hairs, occasionally glabrescent, young leaves above sometimes with conspicuous appressed silvery stellate-lepidote hairs, with 9 to 12 pairs of secondary veins, these flat above, dis¬ tinctly raised below, the margin serrulate or serrate. Cymes 2.5^4 cm long and often pendent, with 10 to 15 flowers, pubescent like the young branchlets. Male floral cup at anthesis 2.0—2.9 mm diam. and 1.5—2.5 mm high, broadly obconical to semiglobo- se, glabrous except for a few appressed bifid or few- branched hairs, tepals 4 or 5(6), narrowly triangular to almost spatulate (Fig. 4b), 2^4 mm long, fresh greenish yellow or whitish, the floral roof distinctly raised, and glabrous; stamens 9 to 12. Female floral cup at anthesis 3.5—4 mm diam. and 3—3.5 mm high, subglobose, the pubescence as in the male flowers, the floral roof raised to a cylindrical bulge separated by a groove from an acute central tube sheathing the styles (Fig. 4f), drying dark brown; styles 2 to 5. Fruiting receptacle 1—1.5 cm diam., globose and basally usually with minute (less than 1 mm long) protuberances (Fig. 4e); when fresh and mature red with cream spots (lenticels) and a strong lemon smell; drupelets 1 to 3. Distribution (Fig. 3), habitat, and phenolo¬ gy. Siparuna lozaniana is restricted to the eastern Andean cordillera in central Colombia where it ap¬ pears common in the states of Santander, Boyaea, and Cundinamarca. Growing in wet montane forest, in paramo and subparamo at 1600—3300 m eleva¬ tion. Flowering and fruiting collections have been made throughout the year. Etymology The species is named in honor of Gustavo Lozano C., curator at the Colombian Na¬ tional herbarium (COL) and professor at the Col¬ ombian National University, who was among the first to collect it. Common name. Limoncillo. Siparuna lozaniana is easily recognized among Colombian species by the combination of oblan- ceolate to obovate leathery leaves, pendent inflo¬ rescences with a sparse indumentum of appressed few-branched hairs, and small globose fruits. Other Colombian species that sometimes have similar leaves are S. petiolaris from the western Andean Cordillera and S. calantha (described below) from the Sierra Nevada tie Santa Marta. Both differ from ■S’, lozaniana in having distinctly spiny or spiny- tuberculate fruits. Paralypes. COLOMBIA. Boyaea: between Sogamoso and Pajarito, km 80, 2550 m, 10 Mar. 1980, Bernal-M. .141 (COL), 10 Mar. 1980. Bernal-M. 1176 ((3)1.); vie. of Arcabueo, 2600 m, 29 Oct. 1963, Espinal-T. A Monte- negro-M. 1412 (COL); Mpio. Arcabueo, Vda. Penas Blan¬ cas, Hae. Las Delicias, 2600 m. 10 Mar. 1996, Eerndndez- A. et al. 14112 (COL); Arcabueo, towards sftio La Cunibre, 2300 m. 22 May 1979, Valencia A Jerez-E 16 (COL); below Vadohondo, km 302, sftio La Sabana, 2000 m. 24 Eeb. 1954. ldrobo A Jaramillo-Mejia 1577 (COL); Mpio. Pajarito. Correg. de Corinto. 2200 m. 1 I Oct. 1967, Loz- ano C. et al. 859 (COL); entre Moniquira and Gachantivd, 2000 m, 14 May 1996. Rangel et al. 11121111 (COL). Cun- dinamarca: Mpio. Junfn, Correg. Inspecciones Chus- cales. Res. Biol. Carpanta. 2500-3300 m, 27 Apr. 1988, Luteyn et al. 122011 (F, NY); Cliingaza National Park. Cor¬ dillera Oriental E of Bogota, 2800-3000 m. 30 Oct. 1992. Gentry A Repizzo 78067 (MO); Carpanta Biological Re¬ serve, 20 km due A of Junfn, 2400—3000 m, 1990, Re¬ pizzo A dalle 167 (MO); Mpio. Chingaza. Goitia 1962 (UDBC), Goitia 1964 (l l)BC). ,\1eta: Mpio. El Calvario. Finca San Lufs, 2250 m, 4 Mar. 1981, Camargo-G. A Huertas-G. 7875 (COL). Santander: border to Rovaca. Correg. Virolfn. Finca La Sierra, 2500 m, 13 May 1976, D)zano C. et id. 2429 (COL); Mpio. Charala, Vda. 1,1 Tal- adro. km 50—55 of rd. from Duitama to Virolfn. 2280 in, 6 Dec. 1978, Ih'az-P. 16115 (COL); Mpio. Charald, Correg. Virolfn, near Rio de la Pescada, 1830 m, 13 May 1982, Valbuena & Barker 0118 (COL); Mpio. Charala. Correg. Virolfn, rd. to Olival, Vda. Rcloj, 1700 m, 3 Mar. 1981. Ih'az-P. 2270 (COL); Correg. Virolfn. 2180 m. Escobar et Figure 4. Siparuna lozaniana Renner & Hausner (Camargo-G. A Uuerlas-G. 7875. COL, except where indicated). — a. Female specimen. —b. Male flower (Rangel 2171. COL). —c. Longitudinal section through a male flower ( Ih'az-P 2270, COL). —d. Male inflorescence (Rangel 2171, COL). —e. Young fruit with minute tubercles near the base. —(. Female flower. —g. Leaf venation. —h. Male inflorescences (Rangel 2171. COL). Drawn from representative paralypes. Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Renner & Hausner New Species of Siparuna 139 1 cm 5 cm 1 mm 140 Novon «/. 3072 (HUA); Mpio. CharahS, 2180 m, 8 May 1986, Moreno & Mendez 78 (COL); Charala. 1990 m, 20 Aug. 1979, Rangel 2171 (COL. U. US); Mpio. Cambita. Vila. K1 Taladro, 2150 m. 13 Nov. 1981. Camacho et al. 9 2 (COL). Orozco 1018 (COL); vie. of Bogotacito, 1800 in. 27 Nov. 1978. Diaz-P. 1204 (COL); rd. Arcabuco to La Pal¬ ma, 3 July 1971. Guar in M. & Villarreal 1070 (UPTG). Siparuna calantha (Perkins) Renner & Hausner. stat. nov. Basionym: Siparuna riparia var. cal¬ antha Perkins, Notizhl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dah- leni 10: 164. 1927. TYPE. Colombia. Magda¬ lena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Las Nubes, ca. 1500 m, male specimen, Dec. 1898, //. //. Smith 847 (holotype, B destroyed; isotypes, BM, BR. COL, E, F, G, GH, K, L, LE, LL. MO, NY. P 3 sheets, S, U. UC, US). Figures 3 and 5. Dioecious shrub or treelet, 1—10 m tall and reaching a DBH of at least 7 cm, the young branch- lets distinctly angular, densely brown puberulous or pilose. Leaves in whorls ol 3, often unequal in size and petiole length, the petioles 2—9 cm long, the lamina drying dark brown, papery to charta- ceous, obovate, 16.5—27 X 7.5—15.5 cm, the base acute, obtuse, or almost rounded, the apex acute or acuminate, the tip to 1.3 cm long, both surfaces loosely covered with small appressed or upright stellate hairs especially along the midrib, with 12 to 18 pairs of secondary veins, these flat above, distinctly raised below, the margin doubly serrate or dentate. Cymes 2^1 cm long, with 10 to 15 flow¬ ers, sparsely pubescent with spreading few- branched hairs. Male floral cup at anthesis 2.5—3.5 mm diam. and 2-2.5 mm high, broadly obconical, tepals mostly 5, broadly triangular, when fresh yel¬ lowish green, turning yellow, the floral roof mod¬ erately raised, glabrous and membranaceous; sta¬ mens 20 to 22, the filaments broad and membranaceous. Female flowers at anthesis similar to the male flowers, the floral roof slightly raised and glabrous; styles 5 to 8. Fruiting receptacle glo¬ bose, 1—1.5 cm diam., with conspicuous protuber¬ ances 1—7 mm long, these either simple or flat and branched, soft when fresh (Fig. 5), fruit and tuber¬ cles with few minute stellate hairs; when fresh anil mature whitish, cream or yellow, strongly lemon- scented or with a pungent odor; drupelets 2 to 5. Distribution (Fig. 3), habitat, and phenolo¬ gy. Siparuna calantha is endemic on the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, where it occurs in upper montane forest at elevations between 1200 and 2000 in. Flowering and fruiting collections have been made in most months of the year. The type of Siparuna riparia var. calantha Per¬ kins, H. H. Smith 847, is a male plant, and Perkins therefore could not have known that female plants of this entity would have spiny fruits. A female plant had in fact been collected by Smith (//. //. Smith 2508 ) a few months earlier also on the Sierra de Santa Marta, but unfortunately Perkins appears not to have received it on loan. She initiallv iden¬ tified Smith 847 as U S. patelliformisT ’ (a Central American synonym of S. gesnerioides) but later de¬ scribed it as a variety of the Mexican S. riparia (a synonym of 5. thecaphora), apparently in an attempt to accommodate the deeply serrate leaf margins of the Sierra Nevada material. The type of S. riparia, Galeotti 269 (BR 3 sheets, G, K 2 sheets, LE, P 3 sheets, W destr.. Macbr. photo 30014), is indeed one of few specimens of S. thecaphora that have distinct leaf teeth. Even so, Perkins’s assignment ol Smith 847 to S. riparia remains problematic, be¬ cause the leaves of S. calantha are about three times the size of those of the type of S. riparia, not to mention the implied Veracruz-Santa Marta dis¬ junction. The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, a geograph¬ ically isolated mountain range, is known to harbor many locally adapted, morphologically distinct forms, and we therefore prefer to recognize S. cal¬ antha at the species level, rather than ranking it as a subspecies of the morphologically similar S. pe- tiolaris from Antioquia, Quindfo, and Valle. The two species resemble each other in the spiny fruiting receptacles and serrate leaf margin, but differ in leaf width (S. petiolaris has narrow, lanceolate leaves and S. calantha relatively broad, obovate ones) and number of carpels (5 to 8 in .S', calantha vs. 3(4) in S. petiolaris). Fruiting receptacles in S. petiolaris measure 0.6-1 cm in diameter, while those of .S', calantha reach 1—1.5 cm in diameter. Paratypes. COLOMBIA. Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, flanco occidental, Mpio. Cienaga. 1350 m, 3 Apr. I960. Romero-Castaneda 8254 (AAU. COL. NY. US); Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Quebrada Indiana, 1600 in. 27 Aug. 1972. Kirkbride 1943 (AAU, COL. NY, l S). 30 Aug. 1972. Kirkbride 2007 (COL. N't. US); Que- lirada Botella, 1700 m, 29 Sep. 1972. Kirkbride 2258 (AAU. N\. US); V ol Quebrada Botella along trail to San Pedro de la Sierra, 2000 m, 6 Oct. 1972. Kirkbride 2411 (COL. NY, US); La Gran Via to San Pedro de la Sierra, 1540 in. 10 Ma\ 1983. Escobar A Santa 3409 (HU A. NY): Alto de Mira. 1 100-1500 in. 16 June 1989. Madrifuin 334 (MO); Alto de Mirador. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 1200 m. I I Mar. 1992. Gentry & Saenz 70250 (MO), Gen¬ try & Saenz 70288 (MO); Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, LI Campano, transect 10-1 1. 1700 in. I 1 June 1993. Gen¬ try & Ortiz 79848 (MO). Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Renner & Hausner New Species of Siparuna 141 Figure 5. Siparuna calanlha (Perkins) Renner & Hausner (Gentry & Ortiz 79848, MO, paratype). Fruiting specimen (scale bar equals 10 cm). 142 Novon Figure 6. Siparuna vasqueziana Renner & Hausner. —a. Female specimen (Rojas et al. 0280, MO. paratype; scale bar equals 10 cm). —b. Male inflorescence and flower (Vdsquez et al. 24278, MO. paratype; scale bar equals 1 cm). —c. Male specimen ( Vdsquez et al. 24278, MO; scale bar equals 10 cm). Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Renner & Hausner New Species of Siparuna 143 Siparuna vasqueziana Renner & Hausner, sp. nov. TYPE: Peru. Amazonas: Distr. El Cenepa, Comunidad de Tutino, Pumpu-entsa, primary forest, 340 m, male, 28 June 1997, R. Vdsquez, A. Pena, E. Chavez & E. Quiaco 24278 (ho- lotype, AMAZ not seen; isotypes, F, HUT not seen, MO, MOL not seen, NY, USM not seen, W) . Figures 3 and 6. Differ! a Siparuna macrotepala Perkins foliis majoribus (26—37 X 17-19 cm vs. 9-23 X 5—11 cm), floribus ma¬ joribus, tepalis longis (3—10 X 1.5—3.5 mm vs. 0.6-4 X 0.3-0.6 mm). Dioecious treelet, 4—5 m tall, branchlets distinct¬ ly quadrangular, flattened at the nodes, with short, simple or few-branched hairs. Leaves opposite, sometimes unequal in size and petiole length, the petioles 2.5—9.5 cm long, the lamina drying green¬ ish brown, papery and brittle, broadly obovate, 26— 37 X 17-19 cm, the base obtuse, rounded, or trun¬ cate, the apex short-acuminate, both surfaces with scarce short simple, bi-, or trifid hairs, with 16 to 18 pairs of secondary veins, these flat above, dis¬ tinctly raised below, the margin denticulate, the teeth most pronounced near the blade base. Cymes up to 7.5 cm long in the male, 3- or 4-branched (Fig. 6c), often on leafless nodes, with 10 to 12 flowers, pubescent like the branchlets. Male floral cup at anthesis 1.3—2.1 mm diam. and 1.1-1.6 mm high, subglobose, with short (0.05-0.2 mm long) simple to three-branched whitish hairs, some of these also on the tepal surfaces and margins, the 4 tepals spatulate to oblong (Fig. 6b), 3-10 X 1.5— 3.5 mm, fresh yellowish, the floral roof moderately raised, glabrous; stamens 22 to 24. Female flowers at anthesis similar to male flowers, the floral cup 3.3—3.7 mm diam. and 3—3.5 mm high, the floral roof tightly surrounding the styles; styles 15 to 20. Receptacle in young fruits smooth (Vdsquez et al. 22423), mature fruits unknown. Distribution (Fig. 3), habitat, and phenolo¬ gy. Siparuna vasqueziana currently appears to be restricted to Peruvian Amazonian primary forests at elevations of up to 400 m. Etymology. The species is named to honor its collector, Rodolfo Vasquez, curator of Peruvian ma¬ terial at the Missouri Botanical Garden and author of the first comprehensive florula for the Peruvian Amazonian lowlands (Vasquez Martinez, 1997). Siparuna vasqueziana has much longer tepals than any other species of Siparuna known. Among Ecuadorean and Peruvian species, it is further dis¬ tinct by its combination of strongly quadrangular branchlets and large smooth (not bullate) leaves. Similar quadrangular branches are seen only in S. macrotepala, but that species has smaller leaves and much shorter tepals (cf. the Latin diagnosis above, which contrasts the two species in terms of leaf size and tepal length). Paratypes. PERU. Amazonas: Distr. El Cenepa, Co- munidad de Mamayaque, 400 m, tl Aug. 1997, Rojas 0280 (F, MO, NY, US, W): Distr. El Cenepa, Comunidad de Mamayaque, Rio Cenepa, Quebrada Sdasa, 400 m, 6 Feb. 1997, Vdsquez et al. 22423 (AMAZ, E. HUT not seen. MO, MOL not seen. NY, USM not seen. W). Loreto: Distr. Las Amazonas, Explornapo camp. 140 m, 6 Jan. 1993, Vdsquez 18285 (MO). Acknowledgments. We thank Jose Luis Fernan¬ dez Alonso (COL), Ricardo Callejas (HUA), and cu¬ rators of the smaller Colombian herbaria cited in this paper’s introduction for gracious permission to study Siparuna material in their care. Barbara Alongi is thanked for the two drawings and Santi¬ ago Madrinan (Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota) lor being a wonderful host during SR’s visits to Bo¬ gota- Literature Cited Eeil, J. P. 1992. Reproductive ecology of dioecious Sipa¬ runa (Monimiaceae) in Ecuador—A case of gall midge pollination. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 110: 171—203. Renner, S. S. 1999. Circumscription and phylogeny of the Laurales: Evidence from molecular and morphological data. Amer. J. Rot. 86: 1301-1315. - & A. Chanderbali. In press. What is the relation¬ ship between Hernandiaceae, Lauraceae, and Monimi¬ aceae, and why is this question so difficult to answer? lnt. J. Plant Sci. - & G. Hausner. 1995. New Species of Siparuna (Monimiaceae) I. Four new species from Ecuador and Colombia. Novon 5: 61—70. - & -. 1996. New Species of Siparuna (Mon¬ imiaceae) II. Seven new species from Ecuador and Co¬ lombia. Novon 6: 103-116. - & -. 1997. Siparunaceae, Monimiaceae. In G. Darling & L. Andersson (editors), Flora of Ecuador 59: 1-125. -, A. E. Schwarzbach & L. Lohmann. 1997. Phy¬ logenetic position and Horal function of Siparuna (Si¬ parunaceae: Laurales). lnt. J. PI. Sci. 158(6 suppl.): S89-98. Vdsquez Martinez, R. 1997. Fldrula de las Reservas Biol- ogicas de Iquitos, Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Card. 63: 1-1046. Two New Species in Oritrophium and Floscaldasia (Asteraceae: Astereae) from the High Andes of Ecuador Petr Sklendf Department of Botany, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic. Author for correspondence. Harold Robinson U.S. National Herbarium, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Two new species from the family As¬ teraceae. tribe Astereae, were collected during bo¬ tanical investigations in the Ecuadorian Andes. Or¬ itrophium llanganatense Sklenaf & H. Robinson and Floscaldasia azorelloides Sklenar & H. Rob¬ inson are here described and illustrated. Oritro¬ phium llanganatense is distinct from other species of the genus by a combination of abaxially lanate leaves with outer phyllaries narrowly ovate to ob¬ long. Floscaldasia azorelloides differs from the oth¬ er species of the genus by its three-lobed leaves. The two species inhabit the upper superparamo and are restricted to remote areas of the Ecuadorian Eastern Cordillera. Rksumkn. Dos nuevas especies de la familia As¬ teraceae, tribu Astereae, se colectaron durante in- vestigaciones botanieas en el superparamo del Ec¬ uador. Las dos especies, Oritrophium llanganatense Sklenaf & H. Robinson y Floscaldasia azorelloides Sklenaf & II. Robinson, se describen e ilustran. Oritrophium llanganatense difiere de las otras es¬ pecies del genero por tener hojas lanosas abaxia- damente y bracteas exteriores ovadas a oblongas. Floscaldasia azorelloides difiere de las otras espe- eies del genero por tener las hojas trilobadas. Las especies se encuentran en el superparamo alto en areas remotas de la Cordillera Oriental del Ecua¬ dor. In the last few years, the flora and vegetation of the Ecuadorian superparamo have been studied by the senior author. During several field trips to re¬ mote and infrequently visited areas of the Eastern Cordillera, new species of Oritrophium and Flos¬ caldasia were collected. The species are here de¬ scribed, illustrated, and compared with other spe¬ cies, and their ecology and distribution are briefly disc ussed. The genus Oritrophium (HBK) Cuatrecasas has been recently treated by Cuatrecasas (1997) with the report of 19 species and 6 subspecies. One ad¬ ditional species has since been described from the Mexican highlands (Nesom, 1998). The genus rang¬ es from Mexico to southern Bolivia, with no reports from the mountains of Central America. Most spe¬ cies of Oritrophium occur in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador, where they typically inhabit wet parts of paramos (Cuatreeasas, 1997). The position of the genus in the tribe Astereae has been discussed by Nesom (1992) and Cuatrecasas (1997). Oritropliiimi llanganatense Sklenaf & H. Rob¬ inson, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Tungurahua: Cerro Hermoso, SW ridge of mountain, humid upper superparamo vegetation on wet rocks, 1°14'S, 78°18'W, 4200-4300 m, 6 Sep. 1997, P. Sklenar & V. Sklendrovd 3651 (holotype, QCA; isotypes, PRC, QCNE). Figure 1A. In bracteis involucri inaequalibus linearihus vel oblon- gis Oritrophio Umnophilo (Schultz Hi[>.) Cuatrecasas sim- ilis sed in foliis abaxialiter lanatis dilfcrt. Small perennial rosettiform herb with short rhi¬ zome-bearing fibrous roots; rhizome 1—2 X 0.5—1.0 cm, ± vertical. Leaves 12 to 20 in rosette, spread¬ ing; petioles 4—7 X 1.5—2.5 mm, lower part and basal sheaths with long, persistent, creamy-white, silky hairs at margins covering leaf bases; blades firm, flat with revolute entire margins, adaxially bright yellowish green, glabrous, abaxially densely sordid lanate except for the midrib, narrowly ovate, acute, 15—20 X 4—8 mm; center of rosette produc¬ ing up to 5 scapes covered with white hairs, bearing narrowly elliptic-oblong alternate bracts 4—7 X 1.5—1.6 mm, sparsely white lanate abaxially. Ca- pitula terminal, solitary, 5—6 mm high, 5—7 mm wide; involucre with phyllaries 3- to 4-seriate, un¬ equal, glabrous, bright to dark green, dark puqile at apices or from upper third, margins membrana- Novon 10: 144-148. 2000. Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Sklenar & Robinson New Asteraceae Species 145 Figure I. —A (left). Habit of Oritrophium llanganatense Sklenar & H. Robinson. —B (right). Habit of Floscaldasia azorelloides Sklenar & H. Robinson. From isotypes. Scale bar = 1 cm. ceous, apex shortly ciliate; outer phyllaries 4—5 X 1.4— 1.8 mm, narrowly ovate to oblong; inner phyl¬ laries narrowly elliptic to linear-lanceolate to linear, 5.5- 6.5 X 0.7—1.1 mm, shortly acute. Ray florets 20 to 28 per capituluin, corollas 3.5-4.1 mm long; limb white, linear to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, canaliculate, apex acute, 1.6—1.8 X ca. 0.2 mm, tube pale greenish, with scattered short trichomes, which are longer and more numerous at the tube- ligule junction, 2.1—2.2 X ca. 0.2 mm; style 3.8—4 mm long, with style branches 0.9—1.1 mm long, brownish in upper half; pappus 3.0-3.3 mm long, brownish below, yellow-brown above middle, sca- brid; cypselas shortly white sericeous, not seen ma¬ ture. Disc florets 7 to 10 in capitulum, corollas 3.0— 3.2 mm long, pale green, narrowly funnelform, with 5 equal triangular lobes 0.3-0.4 mm long, corollas outside with scattered short trichomes and multi¬ cellular glands, which are longer and clustered at the tube-limb junction, trichomes short and more numerous on lobes; style branches ca. 0.8 mm long, densely papillate, linear-lanceolate; anther thecae 1.0-1.1 mm long, apical appendages ca. 0.2 mm long; pappus 2.9-3.1 mm long, yellow-brown; cyp¬ selas shortly sericeous with white straight setulae, mature ones not seen. Because of the hairy leaf sheaths and the broad outer phyllaries, Oritrophium llanganatense would key to 0. limnophilum in Cuatrecasas (1997), the only other species in the genus with such involucral bracts. From this species, 0. llanganatense differs by the bright yellowish green color of the upper surface, the densely lanate lower surface, and the revolute margins of the leaves. The name of O. llan¬ ganatense is derived from the name of the Llan- ganatis National Park, where the species was col¬ lected. Paratypes. ECUADOR. Tungurahiia: Cerro Hermo- so, SW ridge of the mountain, sparse vegetation of the upper superparamo on wet rocks with shallow' soil, rich bryophyte cover, 1°14'S, 78°I8'W, 4300 m, 6 Sep. 1997, P. Sklenar & V. Sklendfovd 3630 (MO, QU A. US). The genus Floscaldasia Cuatrecasas, previously credited with one species, F. hypsophila Cuatreca¬ sas, was described from the Colombian paramo 146 Novon (Cuatrecasas, 1969). It was distinguished irom oth¬ er genera of the trihe by the structure of the pap¬ pus, which had segments smooth and somewhat curved, formed by cylindrical cells (Cuatrecasas, 1969). Nesom (1993, 1994) has studied the subtri- bal classification of the genus. Floscaldasia closely resembles the genus Laestadia Kunth ex Lessing, from which it differs primarily by the presence of a pappus. For years, the genus was considered en¬ demic to the pdramos of Colombia (Cuatrecasas, 1969; van der Hammen & Cleef, 1986). However, recently a specimen previously determined as Laes¬ tadia from northern Ecuador was recognized as F. hypsophila (Nesom, 1993). Floscaldasia azorelloides Sklenaf & H. Robin¬ son, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Chimborazo/Mo- rona Santiago: Cerros Yuibug—Pailacajas (4730 m a.s.l.), rocky slopes on the E side of the mountain ridge, very humid upper super¬ paramo with cushions of Werneria humilis and grasses of Calamagrostis podophora and Agrostis spp., 1°45'S, 78°27'W, 4400 m, 31 July 1997, P. Sklenaf & V. Sklendfova 2950 (holotype, QCA; isotypes, AAU, MO, PRC, QCNE, US). Figure IB. A Floscaldasia hypsophila in foliis trilobatis differt. Small rosettiform perennial herb with ramified, horizontally spreading, creeping rhizome; rhizome brownish yellow in older, and pale greenish in younger parts, with membranaceous bracts; short stem bearing terminal rosette of small leaves. Leaves alternate, sessile, 10 to 18 in cluster, pale green to yellowish green, glabrous or with few, short, appressed hairs along the veins, Hat, 4—6 X 1.2-1.8 mm, narrowly oblong to oblong, membra¬ naceous at the base, 3-lobed at apices, but a few leaves with 1 or 2 smaller additional lobes, lobes subequal, 1.0—1.5(—1.8) X 0.3—0.7 mm, acute. Ca- pitula terminal, solitary, subsessile at onset of an- thesis, becoming long pedunculate, up to 4 cm long, puberulous with scattered glandular dots, with a few small bracts. Individual capitulum 2.5—3.0 mm high, 4.5—6.0 mm wide; phyllaries 2- to 3-se- riate, pale green to green, glabrous, purple at api¬ ces, 2.5-2.8 X 0.7-1.1 mm, narrowly elliptic-ob¬ long, shortly ciliate at the apices, margins membranaceous. Ray florets female, 35 to 45 per capitulum, corolla with limb purple to dark purple (occasionally light purple to yellowish), 0.9-1.1 mm long, entire to bidentate at apex, narrowly linear- lanceolate, canaliculate, spreading, tube 0.8—0.9 mm long, pale greenish to brownish yellow, with numerous short hiseriate hairs; style 1.3—1.4 mm long, branches 0.3—0.4 mm long, brown, papillate, triangular-oblong; pappus 1.0-1.3 mm long with few bristles much shorter, golden brown, smooth, somewhat curved. Disc florets functionally stami- nate, 9 to 11 per capitulum, corolla 1.6—1.8 mm long, with limb light to dark purple, limb 1.1—1.2 mm long, with 5 triangular acute lobes, lobes 0.4— 0.5 mm long, throat with numerous short hiseriate hairs, tube 0.5—0.7 mm long, pale green; styles ca. 1 mm long, exceeding the lobes; anthers 0.6—0.7 mm long; pappus 1.5—1.6 mm long with few shorter bristles, otherwise as in ray florets. Achenes later¬ ally compressed, biconvex, 1.4—1.6 X 0.5—0.6 mm, in rays more strongly arched and with numerous glandular dots mostly along outer margin, in disc florets more symmetric and with few glands. Floscaldasia azorelloides is unmistakably con¬ generic with F. hypsophila by the form of the heads being terminal, solitary, subsessile becoming long pedunculate and because of t he smooth bristles of the pappus. The new species has the general habit of F. hypsophila, although it has slightly smaller capitula and florets, and also shares similar ecolog¬ ical requirements. However, it is unquestionably distinct in the 3-lobed leaves. The leaves of F. azo¬ relloides resemble those of several Ecuadorian Azo- rella Lamarck species, e.g., A. corymbosa (Ruiz & Pavon) Persoon, and the species is named accord¬ ingly. Paratypes. KCUADOR. Chimborazo: El Altar. N side of the volcano, humid superparamo on the ridge be¬ low the Canoningo peak, 1°41'S, 78°24'W, 44(X) m, 19 Aug. 1995, P. Sklenaf & V. Koslefkovd 93-15 (QCA. QCNE), 4500 m, P. Sklenaf & V. Koslefkovd 90—6 (AAU, US). Pichincha/Napo: W side of a mountain ridge ca. 2 km to the W from Cerro SaraUrcu, humid superparamo on metamorphio rocks, 0°06'S, 77°57'W, 4400 m. 29 Aug. 1995, P. Sklendf & V. Kostefkovd 102S (PRC, QCA), mountain ridge, 4200-4350 m, 30 Aug. 1995, P Sklendf & V. Kostefkovd 1153 (AAU), 4350-4400 m, 30 Aug. 1995, P. Sklendf & V. Kostefkovd 1179 (QCA). Chimbo- ra/.o/Moronu Santiago: Cerros Yuibug—Pailacajas (4730 m a.s.l.), along a small stream on the E side of the moun¬ tain ridge, humid cushion superpdramo with Azorella , Wer¬ neria humilis, Valeriana, and many mosses, 1°45'S, 78°27'W, 4200 m, 31 Jnly 1997. P. Sklendf & V. Sklen- dfovd 3040 (PRC, QCA). Distribution and Ecology The two described species occur in the open, patchy vegetation of the upper superparamo (sensu Cleef, 1981) in very humid areas of the Ecuadorian Andes (Fig. 2). The species Oritrophium llangan- atense is known from one locality. It was collected in permanently moist habitats in shallow soils around rocks, usually associated with abundant Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Sklenaf & Robinson New Asteraceae Species 147 Figure 2. Distribution of Floscaldasia azorelloides (#), F. hypsophila (o, near Cayambe, Antisana, and Cajas), and Oritrophium llanganatense (I, near Cerro Hermoso) in Ecuador; white stars indicate major ice-capped volcanoes. bryophytes. The species Floscaldasia azorelloides was collected from altitudes between 4200 and 4500 m, where it forms loose mats in very shallow, wet, sandy substrata on both metamorphic and ig¬ neous bedrock. The other species of the genus, F. hypsophila , is known from similar environments from high altitudes, (3900—)4100-4550 m. Besides the first Ecuadorian locality from Cayambe (Nesom, 1993), the species was repeatedly collected on Vol- can Antisana in northern Ecuador, and there is a record from Cajas National Park in the southern part of the country (P. Sklenaf, unpublished data). Its known distribution in Ecuador is shown in Fig¬ ure 2; the distribution in Colombia is given by van der Hammen and Cleef (1986: fig. 7—3d). Unlike F. azorelloides, the plants of F. hypsophila were found growing upon the surface of cushion plants such as Distichia Nees & Meyen and Xenophyllum V. A. Funk (Cleef, 1978; P. Sklenaf, pers. obs.). Due to its limited occurrence at the highest ele¬ vations, the genus Floscaldasia represents a typical superparamo element (see also van der Hammen & Cleef, 1986). Despite recent research, the remote areas of the Eastern Cordillera of Ecuador remain botanieally poorly known. The newly described species are both known from only a few localities. However, further exploration may expand their geographical range within, and perhaps also outside, the country. This is especially plausible in Floscaldasia azorel¬ loides, since this species can easily be overlooked in the field. Acknowledgments. The fieldwork of P.S. was 148 Novon supported by the Danish Research Academy (For- skerakademiet) and by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (grant no. 206/97/0336). The INE- FAN is thanked for issuing collecting permits. H. Balslev and R. Valencia are thanked for general support during fieldwork. The taxonomical study at the U.S. National Herbarium was supported by a short-term visitor grant from the OFG, Smithsonian Institution, to RS. ; the visit was organized by V. Funk. J. Pruski is thanked for information on the latest publications about Oritrophium. V. Hollowell, G. Nesom, and one anonymous reviewer provided valuable comments on the manuscript. C. Ulloa kindly revised the Spanish text. Curators of the her¬ baria F, MO, QCA, QCNE, and US are thanked for access to their collections. Literature Cited Cleef, A. M. 1978. Characteristics of neotropical paramo vegetation and its subantarctic relations. Pp. 365—390 in C. Troll & W. Lauer, Geoecological Relations be¬ tween the Southern Temperate Zone and the Tropical Mountains. Erdwiss. Forsch. II. Wiesbaden. -. 1981. The Vegetation of tin* Paramos of the Col¬ ombian Cordillera Oriental. Dissertationes Botanieae 61. J. Cramer, Vaduz. Cuatrecasas, J. 1969. Prima flora Colombiana. 3. Com- positae—Astereae. Webbia 24: 1—335. -. 1997. Synopsis of the Neotropical genus Oritro¬ phium (Asteraceae: Astereae). BioLania (Caracas), Ed- icion Especial 6: 287—303. Ilarnmen. T. van der & A. M. Cleef. 1986. Development of the high Andean paramo flora and vegetation. Pp. 153—201 in E. Vuilleumier & M. Monasterio, High Al¬ titude Tropical Biogeography. Oxford Univ. Press, Ox- lord. Nesom, O. L. 1992. Oritrophium orizabense (Asteraceae: Astereae), a new species and the first report of the ge¬ nus from North America. Phytologia 73: 338—344. -. 1993. Floscaldasia (Asteraceae: Astereae): First record from Ecuador and comments on its classification. Phytologia 75: 366—368. -. 1994. Subtribal classification of the Astereae (Asteraceae). Phytologia 76: 193—274. -. 1998. A second species ol Oritrophium (Astera¬ ceae: Astereae) from Mexico. Sida 18: 523—526. Valeriana eupatoria (Valerianaceae), a New Species from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Marcos Sobral Faculdade de Farmacia UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-010, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. sobral@ufrgs.br Abstract. Valeriana eupatoria, a new species native to Araucaria forests from upland Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, is described and illustrat- e( 1. It is apparently related to V. chamaedryfolia, from which it is set apart chiefly by its larger inflo¬ rescences and non-lobate, pubescent, and larger leaves. RKSUMEN. Se describe e ilustra Valeriana eupa¬ toria, una nueva especie nativa de los bosques montanos de Araucaria de Rio Grande do Sul, en el sur de Brasil. La especie aparentemente esta re- lacionada con V. chamaedryfolia, de la cual se di- ferencia principalmente por las inflorescencias mas grandes y sus hojas no lobadas, enteras, pubescen- tes y mas grandes. The familial status of Valerianaceae is debatable in light of recent studies; Judd et al. (1994) merged it in Caprifoliaceae based mainly on morphological and anatomical similarities. Molecular studies (APG, 1998; Backlund & Pyck, 1998; Pyek et al., 1999) point to the close relationship of both groups, establishing the derivation of Valerianaceae from a caprifolioid ancestor; these authors, in spite of the opinion of Judd et al. (1994), maintain Valeriana¬ ceae as a separate family. I have chosen to follow their lead. If maintained as a separate family, the Valerianaceae comprise from 9 (Gunn et al., 1992) to 13 (Cronquist, 1981) genera. Valeriana is the largest genus in the family, with about 300 species (Cronquist, 1981). Valeriana L. in South America attains its highest diversity in the Andes; the Brazilian species are disjunct from this Andean stock and restricted chiefly to montane habitats in southern and eastern regions of the country, from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul, showing a marked southward in¬ crease in number of species. The last thorough tax¬ onomic revision of Valeriana in Brazil listed 15 species (Borsini, 1962). One more species was re¬ cently described (Sobral, 1999), and, during a study of the genus in Rio Grande do Sul, the south¬ ernmost state in Brazil, another unnoticed shrubby species was detected; it is herein described as new. Valeriana eupatoria Sobral, sp. nov. TYPE: Bra¬ zil. Rio Grande do Sul: Linha Quinze, Gra- mado, 29°20'S, 50°53'W, Oct. 1997 (stam. H), M. Sobral & C. Miro 8604 (holotype, ICN; iso¬ types, FLOR, MBM, MO, RB, SP, US). Figures 1 , 2 . Species nova V. chamaedryfoliae proxima, a qua foliis non lobatis, pubescentibus, foliis el inflorescentiis lon- gioribus distincta est. Dioecious, erect or occasionally prostrate, sym- podially branching undershrubs or shrubs 0.5-1.5 m high. Twigs, leaves, and inflorescence axes pu¬ bescent with hyaline hairs 0.1-0.3 mm long. Leaves opposite, simple, lanceolate, elliptic-lance¬ olate or ovate-lanceolate, discolored when dried, pilose on both faces, more densely so abaxially, 8— 13 cm long and 2.2—3.7 cm wide; apex narrowly acuminate; base cuneate and decurrent along the pseudopetiole; central nerve adaxially plane or sul- cate, abaxially salient; secondary nerves 4 to 6 (8) pairs, plane or sulcate above and salient below, the second pair stronger than the others, the two first pairs sometimes diverging at a narrower angle than that of the other veins (about 30°); margins irreg¬ ularly serrate, with 16 to 25 teeth 4-6 mm long near the blade midpoint; pseudopetiole 6—10 X 1— 2 mm, the leaf bases connate across stem node. Inflorescences in terminal panicles, the staminate ones 40-50 X ca. 30 cm, the pistillate ones 20— 30 X 10—18 cm, with 3 orders of branching to the ultimate dichasial units; bracts on the lower two nodes of the inflorescence 4—7 X 1.5—2.0 cm, sim¬ ilar to the leaves but occasionally with a pair of evident basal lobes, the other bracts much smaller, up to 20 mm long and 5 mm wide, acropetally di¬ minishing in size. Bracteoles lanceolate, up to 0.4 X 0.2 mm. Flowers of both sexes sessile, pentam- erous; calyx obsolete, generally reduced to a warty intumescence with no evident teeth at the base of the flowers, in some flowers hardly visible. Stami¬ nate flowers white, campanulate, 0.8—0.9 X 0.7- 1.0 mm, the lobes acute, 0.4-0.5 X 0.4-0.5 mm; stamens 3, 1.0—1.2 mm long, the anthers globose, 0.3 X 0.2—0.3 mm, bithecal. Pistillate flowers Novon 10: 149-152. 2000. 150 Novon B figure 1. Valentina eupatoria Sobral. —A. Flowering branch from staminate plant. —B. Detail of ailaxial surface from encircled portion in A. (Duplicate at ICN of Sobral & Mini 8600.) Scale bars: A = 50 mm; B = 10 mm. Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Sobral Valeriana eupatoria from Brazil 151 Figure 2. Valeriana eupatoria. Flowers anil fruit. —A. Staminate flower. —B. Pistillate flower. —C. Fruit, abaxial view. —D. Fruit, adaxial view. —E. Fruit, transverse view. (A, Sobral & Mird 8604\ B, Sobral & Mird 8600 ; C—E, Sobral et al. 8713.) Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm; C, L) = 1 mm; E = 0.5 mm. 152 Novon white, campanulate, 0.3—0.4 X 0.2—0.3 mm. the lobes ac ute and occasionally somewhat unequal, up to 0.2 X 0.1—0.2 mm; staminodes 3, up to 0.1 mm long, laminar and apically rounded; style 0.3 mm long, stigmas 3, papillose, 0.1 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long, 5-ridged, unilocular, uniovulate. Fruits elliptical, somewhat transversely triquetrous, 5-cos¬ tate, slightly hairy, 0.7—1.0 X 0.4-0.5 mm. Valeriana eupatoria is c lose to V. chamaedryfolia Chamisso & Schlechtendal. Both species are known only from the state ol Rio Grande do Sul, although their geographical distributions, as far as known, do not overlap. Valeriana eupatoria grows in the upland northeastern part ol the state, in vegetation- al formations dominated by ombrophilous forests ol Araucaria angustifolia (Bertoloni) Kuntze; V. cha¬ maedryfolia thrives in rocky fields in central and southwestern Rio Grande do Sul, where vegetation consists mainly of rocky fields and drier forests de¬ void of Araucaria. Besides this ecological distinc¬ tion, they can be set apart morphologically by the following characters: la. I,eaves up to 7 cm long X 2 cm wide, glabrous or with scattered hairs along the nerves; some mature leaves with at least one pair ol lobes at pseudopetiole bases; inflorescences up to lb cm long; blades about 6 limes longer than the pseu¬ dopetioles, these 13—18 mm long; leaf teeth up to 10, 4—7 mm long, evident in relation to blade width. Valeriana chamaedryfolia lb. heaves exceeding 7 cm, up to 13 cm long, ex¬ ceeding 2 cm in width (to 3.7 cm), pubescent on both faces, more densely beneath; mature leaves never with a lobed base (although the* bracts may occasionally be lobed); inflorescences 18-50 cm long; blades 12-20 times longer than the pseu¬ dopetioles. these 6—10 mm long; leaf teeth 16— 25, 4—6 mm long, not always marked in relation to blade width . Valeriana eupatoria Phenology. Flowers trom August to December, fruits in December. Distribution. Valeriana eupatoria is known from four municipalities of upland northeastern Rio Grande do Sul (“planalto” or “Serra GeraF’), a mon¬ tane region with altitudes up to 1200 m, dominated by Araucaria forests and cloud forests intermixed with fields. Ecology. Shrub from forest edges in Araucaria angustifolia forests and occasionally edges of marshes and fields at 500—900 m above sea level. Etymology. The species is named lor the re¬ semblance ol its leaves to southern Brazilian spe¬ cies of the asteraceous genus Eupatorium. When sterile, V. eupatoria is easily confused with that ge¬ nus. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: fazenda I’otreirinho. Bom Jesus, Dec. 1977 (stam. fl), Camargo 5553 (H AS. ICN): Itaimbezinho, Cambara do Sul. 20 Feb. 1953 (stam. II), Rambo 51070 (PACA), 13 Nov. 1953 (stam. (I). Rambo 54488 (PACA): I .inha Quinze. Gramado. 29°20'S, 50°53'W, Aug. 1997 (stam. II). Sobral & Diesel 8487 (1CN), Oct. 1997 (stam. fl). Sobral A- Mini 8600 (ESAL, f LOB. ICN, MBM, NY). Oct. 1997 (stam. fl). So¬ bral A Mini 8601 (ICN, MBM). Sobral A Mini 8602 (ICN, MBM. SP). Oct. 1997 (pist. fl). Sobral A Mini 8603 (ICN, MBM, SP. US). Dec. 1998 (pist. II). Sobral et id. 8713 (ICN. MBM). Sobral el al. 8714 (ICN. MBM. MO); Cha- pada, Sao Francisco de Paula, 18 Nov. 1984 (stam. fl) Batista A Pilz s.n. (ICN 1 17397). Acknowledgments. I thank U. Braun (HAL), who kindly sent me a fine xerox copy of the isotype of Valeriana chamaedryfolia, and Donna M. E. Ware, Victoria Hollowed, Vinfcius Souza, and an anonymous reviewer for their patient suggestions lor improving this paper, as well as the various col¬ lectors of V. eupatoria —especially Suzete Diesel, who first introduced me to the interesting Linha Quinze site. 1 .iterature Cited A PC (The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group). 1998. An or¬ dinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 85: 531—555. Baeklund, A. A N. Pyek. 1998. Diervillaeeae and Lin- naeaceae, two new families of caprifolioids. Taxon 47: 657-661. Borsini, 0. E. 1962. Revision de las valerianaceas de Brasil. Lilloa 31: 149-170. Cronquist, A. 1981. An Integrated Svstem of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia Univ. Press, New York. Gunn. C. R„ J. 11. Wiersema. C. A. Ritchie A J. II. kirk- bride. Jr. 1992. Families and genera of spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. U.S.D.A. Techn. Bull. 1796: 1-499. Judd, W. S., B. W. Sanders A M. J. Donoghue. 1994. Angiosperm family pairs: Preliminary phylogenetic analyses. Harvard Pap. Bot. 5: 1-51. Pyek, N.. P. Roels A F. Smets. 1999. Tribal relationships in Caprifoliaceae: Evidence from a eladistic analysis using ndbV sequences. Systematics arid Geography of Plants 69; 145—159. Sobral, M. 1999. Valeriana tajuvensis (Valerianaeeae). a new species from southern Brazil. Novon 9: 1 14—117. Rinorea belalongii (Violaceae), a New Species from Borneo P. F. Stevens Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A., and University of Missouri at St. Louis, Department of Biology, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, U.S.A. Abstract. Rinorea belalongii, from dipterocarp forests in Brunei and probably also Sabah, is de¬ scribed and illustrated. It is distinct in its very long and sharply acuminate leal blades, cauliflorous and ramiflorous inflorescences, stamens lacking ventral appendages, and gynoecium with densely short-pu- berulent ovaries and glabrous, expanded styles that are constricted just above the hairy bases. Rinorea (Violaceae) is represented in Malesia by 14 species of mostly rather small trees. In the course of disentangling the complex variation pat¬ tern of Rinorea longiracemosa (Kurz) Craib, a spe¬ cies that appeared to range from Burma and Viet¬ nam to Borneo (Jarvie & Stevens, 1998), a group of specimens from Brunei that probably represent¬ ed an undescribed species was noted. Initially identified as R. longiracemosa (Kurz) Craib (For¬ man & Ahmad, 1996), flowering material of this taxon has since been collected, and it is described as R. belalongii. Whether or not R. belalongii, as well as the other taxa previously included in R. longiracemosa, are in fact particularly close to the latter remains to be seen. Since the flowers of R. belalongii are perhaps the most distinctive of those of any Malesian species, this suggests that it is not immediately related. Rinorea belalongii P. F. Stevens, sp. nov. TYPE: Brunei Darussalam. Temburong District, Kua¬ la Belalong Field Studies Centre, 85 m, 1 Mar. 1999, Hemingway A Malcomber 130 (holo- type, MO; isotvpes. K, SAR). Figure 1. A speciebus aliis Rinoreae in laminis in siccitate viride- vel flavido-brunneis et acuniinibus longis usque ad 4.5 cm longis praeditis, inHorescentiis brevibus paucifloribus, antheris subglabris appendiculis ventralibus nullis, sty 1 is base pilis densis brevibus praeditis turn constrietis turn demum inflatis, et ovariis fructibusve pilis densis brevibus praeditis, differt. Shrub or small tree 1-3 m tall, DBH to 2 cm. Bark pale brown with lenticels. Twigs 1.3—1.8 mm across, glabrous or with sparse hairs; intemodes (2-)3—7.5 cm long. Leaves distichous, minutely puberulent and with sparse adpressed brown hairs, or glabrous; stipules (3-)3-7.5 X 1-1.3 mm, striate, deciduous; petiole 1.5—4.5(—8) X 1.5—2 mm; lamina subovate- oblong, 15.2—ca. 38 X 4—9.8 cm, apex gradually and sharply acuminate, acumen to 4.5 cm long, base rounded to subcordate, ± asymmetrical, mar¬ gin serrulate, 5 to 9 serrations/5 cm, texture char- taceous, surface drying greenish to yellowish brown, with sparse adpressed brown bairs on mid¬ rib below, very few on abaxial surface, or glabrous, venation eucamptodromous to brochidodromous, the latter on smaller leaves and toward the apex, midrib and secondaries slightly raised above, strongly raised below, secondaries 10 to 15 (per¬ haps to 18)/side, 8-30 mm apart, finer venation re¬ ticulate, obscure to slightly raised above, raised be¬ low, domatia absent. Inflorescences cauliflorous and ramiflorous, several together or branched from the base, axis 6—10 mm long, with 3 to 6 flowers, mi¬ nutely puberulent; bracts and bracteoles with con¬ spicuous brownish adpressed hairs, bracts 2.5-2.7 mm long, pedicels 4—6 mm long, puberulent, artic¬ ulated at or somewhat above the middle, bracteoles 1.8—2.2 mm long, ca. Vi up. Sepals green-white, ovate, 4.8—5.5 X ca. 4 mm, with adpressed brown¬ ish hairs abaxially; petals white, ovate, ca. 9 X 3.5 mm, apex sharply cuneate, margins with a few mi¬ nute hairs; stamens 10, subglabrous, filaments ca. 2.7 mm long, connate for the basal ca. 0.7 mm, anther thecae 2—2.2 mm long, with a few hairs at the base, the abmedial lateral walls ca. 1.7 mm long, connective appendage ca. 2 X 1.8 mm, tri¬ angular; ovary ca. 3 mm long, densely puberulent, 3 ovules/placenta, style continuous, ca. 4 mm long, puberulent at the base, contracted, then expanded, stigma indistinct. Capsule subellipsoid, ca. 2 X 1.5 cm, sepals at the base usually ± spreading, surface drying yellowish, smooth to furfuraceous, pericarp splitting into two layers; seeds straw-colored, ca. 7 X 6 mm, basally with an annulus ca. 3 mm across, umbo ca. 0.8 mm across. Distribution and ecology. Rainforest at 50—85 m altitude. Flowering in February and March, fruit¬ ing in June and August. The only specimen from Sabah, SAN 85186, that Novon 10: 153-155. 2000. 1 cm 154 Novon Figure i. Rinorea belalongii P. K. Stevens. —a. Flowering shoot. —b. Flower. —c. Individual stamen, adaxial view. —d. Gynoecium, front and side views. —-e. Details of the venation. —f. Apex of twig showing terminal bud enclosed by stipules. (From Hemingway & Malcomber 130 , MO.) Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Stevens Rinorea belalongii from Borneo 155 may be assignable to this species has rather small sepals ca. 4.8 mm long (when dry) that are more or less adpressed to the capsule. The inflorescence ol Rinorea belalongii seems to be a reduced panicle or thyrse. The gynoecium is distinctive and quite unlike both that of any other species I have examined and also the descriptions in Jacobs and Moore (1971). The style is constrict¬ ed just above the basal, hairy portion, and then considerably expands toward the apex; it later ab¬ scises at this constriction. Viewed from the side (Fig. ID), the gynoecium appears to be monosym- metrical; however, the flower as a whole is basically polysymmetrical. Observations on living material are needed to confirm this. Although very different from the styles of other Malesian species, there is considerable variation in stylar morphology in Vio- laceae, including Viola itself, and in Rinorea else¬ where in its distributional range. Rinorea belalongii may be inserted into the keys provided by Jacobs and Moore (1971) and Jarvie and Stevens (1998) as follows: 8. Inflorescences more or less elongate, or flowers few on a short (> 5 mm long) rachis; fruit 1.25— 4 cm in diameter. 9. Stipules 1-3.5 mm long; inflorescences axil¬ lary, lacking basal perulae, 0.5—2.5 cm [mm in Jarvie & Stevens, 1998] long . . U. javanica (Blume) Kuntze 9. Stipules (2—)4—21 mm long; inflorescences axillary, terminal, or terminating short shoots, with persistent basal perulae or their scars, 0.5—13 cm long. 9*. Inflorescences from defoliate axils, axis 0.6—1 cm long; anthers lacking ventral appendage, ovary densely short-puberu- lent . R. belalongii 9*. Inflorescences terminal or terminating short shoots, axis 3—13 cm long; anthers with distinct ventral appendage, ovary glabrous or with sparse hairs—see Jarvie and Stevens (1998) for the continuation of this part of the key. Paratypes. BRUNEI. Temburong District, Sungei Temburong at Kuala Belalong, Dransfield 6632 (A, K); S. Belalong, K. M. Wong WKM 1165 (K); Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, 50 m, Argent et al. 9135 (K). SA¬ BAH. Lahad Datu: Ulu Sg. Danum, near Kuala Segama. SAN 85186 (K). Acknowledgments. I am very grateful to Bar¬ bara Alongi for the line illustration, to Harvey Bal¬ lard for comments, and to the directors of the her¬ baria cited for permission to examine their material. Literature Cited Forman, L. L. & J. A. Ahmad. 1996. Violaceae. F. 334 in M. J. E. Coode, J. Dranfield, L. L. Forman, D. W. Kirk- up & I. M. Said (editors), A Checklist of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Brunei Darussalam. Min¬ istry of Industry and Primary Resources, Brunei Darus¬ salam. Jacobs, M. & D. M. Moore. 1971. Violaceae. Pp. 179—212 in C. G. G. J. van Steenis (editor). Flora Malesiana, ser. 1, vol. 7. Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen. Jarvie, J. K. & P. F. Stevens. 1998. New species and notes on Violaceae and Flacourtiaceae from Indo-Malesia. Harvard Pap. Bot. 3; 253-262. A New Combination in Heteropolygonatum (Convallariaceae, Polygonateae) Minoru N. Tamura Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 2000 Kisaichi, Katano-shi, Osaka 576-0004, Japan Shingchi Chen (Xinqi Chen) Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincum, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People’s Republic of China Nicholas J. Turland Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. During preparation of accounts for the genera in the Convallariaceae for the Flora of Chi¬ na, Volume 24, it was decided that Polygonatum ginfushanicum (F. T. Wang & Tang) F. T. Wang & Tang ( Smilacina ginfushanica F. T. Wang & Tang) should be transferred to Heteropolygonatum, as H. ginfushanicum (F. T. Wang & Tang) M. N. Tamura, S. C. Chen & Turland. Smilacina ginfushanica F. T. Wang & Tang was described in 1978 (Wang & Tang, 1978: 249), based on specimens collected from the mountain Jinfo Shan in Nanchuan County, Chongqing Prov¬ ince, China (T. H. Hsiung & T. L. Chou 90841, PE). Later, after examining additional specimens from Jinfo Shan (T. H. Hsiung & T. L. Chou 91094, PE; Phytogeographical Research Team 289, PE) and also from Jiangkou in northeastern Guizhou Province (Z. S. Zhang et al. 400642, PE), Wang and Tang (in Wang et al., 1983: 261) transferred the species into Polygonatum, as P ginfushani¬ cum (F. T. Wang & Tang) F. T. Wang & Tang. They considered that the existence of a terminal inflo¬ rescence in this species allied it with the genus Smilacina. However, they also observed an axil¬ lary inflorescence in addition to the terminal one (except in some specimens), tepals connate to a high degree, papillae present on the abaxial side of the tepal apex, and ovaries with four ovules per locule, all of which they considered as character¬ istics of Polygonatum. Hara (1987: 158) treated the species under Smilacina, and cited the com¬ bination in Polygonatum as a synonym, but noted “This species is till now doubtful to belong to Smi¬ lacina [sic].” Liu (1991: 236—237) considered it a member of Polygonatum. The species has also been collected in southwestern Hubei (Lichuan, 1300 m, 19 Apr. 1973, H. G. Li 11080, MO). Recently, the genus Heteropolygonatum M. N. Tamura & Ogisu has been described (Tamura et al., 1997). It is similar to Polygonatum, but differs in possessing both terminal and axillary inflorescenc¬ es (sometimes only a terminal inflorescence) and imbricate tepals. Originally, dimorphic stamen length had been considered characteristic of Het¬ eropolygonatum, but this later turned out to be of no diagnostic value (Bao et al., 1998). However, the present authors still recognize Heteropolygonatum, and a molecular phylogeny of the tribe Polygona¬ teae confirms this recognition (Yamashita et al., in press). As Wang and Tang (in Wang et al., 1983) ob¬ served, Polygonatum ginfushanicum (Smilacina ginfushanica) has both terminal and axillary inflo¬ rescences (sometimes only a terminal inflorescence) and also imbricate tepals. These characters clearly indicate that the species belongs to Heteropolygon¬ atum, so the combination in that genus is made here. Now Heteropolygonatum includes four spe¬ cies: //. roseolum M. N. Tamura & Ogisu (the type species), H. pendulum (Z. G. Liu & X. H. Hu) M. N. Tamura & Ogisu, //. xui W K. Bao & M. N. Tamura, and //. ginfushanicum (F. T. Wang & Tang) M. N. Tamura, S. C. Chen & Turland, all of which are endemic to China (Chongqing, Guizhou, Hubei, and Sichuan Provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Au¬ tonomous Region). The generic description, key to the species, and specific descriptions will be pro- Novon 10: 156-157. 2000. Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Tamura et al. New Combination in Heteropolygonatum 157 vided in the forthcoming Flora of China, Volume 24 (Chen & Tamura, in press). Heteropolygonatum giiifusliuiiiciiin (F. T. Wang & Tang) M. N. Tamura, S. C. Chen & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Smilacina ginfushanica F. T. Wang & Tang, FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 15: 249, pi. 14, figs. 3—5. 1978. Polygonatum ginfushanicum (F. T. Wang & Tang) F. T. Wang & Tang, in F. T. Wang, Tang & S. Yun Liang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 5: 261, t. 1. 1983 [as “gin- foshanicum "]. TYPE: China. Chongqing: Nan- chuan County, “Gin-fu-shan” [Jinfo Shan], 1730—1800 m, T. H. Hsiung & T. L. Chou 90841 (holotype, PE). The specific epithet was spelled “ ginfushanica ” in the part of the protologue accompanying the Lat¬ in description and type designation (Wang & Tang, 1978: 249). However, in the accompanying key to species of Smilacina (p. 29), the Chinese descrip¬ tion (p. 38), and the illustration caption (p. 43), the spelling “ ginfoshanica ” was used. Hara (1987) used the latter spelling. When the species was transferred to Polygonatum by Wang and Tang (in Wang et al., 1983), the epithet was spelled “gin- foshanicum," and likewise by Liu (1991). The type locality in the protologue was cited as “Gin-fu- shan,” which uses the Wade-Giles system of trans¬ literation from Chinese. The alternative, pinyin transliteration is “Jinfo Shan.” One might argue that either “ ginfushanicum ” or ‘ jinfoshanicum ’ would be correct, but not t ‘'ginfoshanicum. ,, There¬ fore, the present authors adopt “ ginfushanicum''’ and reject “ ginfoshanicum ”; see Article 61.3 of the Tokyo Code (Greuter et al., 1994). Literature Cited Bao, W. K., Y. F. Yuan. C. L. Liu & M. N. Tamura. 1998. A new species of Heteropolygonatum (Convallariaceae— Polygonateae) from Sichuan, China. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 49: 143—146. Chen, S. C. & M. N. Tamura. In press. Heteropolygonatum M. N. Tamura & Ogisu. In: Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Haven (editors). Flora of China, 24. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Greuter, W., F. R. Barrie, H. M. Burdet, W. G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, D. L. Hawksworth, P. M. j0rgensen. J. McNeill, D. H. Nicolson, P. C. Silva & P. Trehane (ed¬ itors). 1994. International Code of Botanical Nomencla¬ ture (Tokyo Code). Regnum Veg. 131. Hara, H. 1987. Notes towards a revision of the Asiatic species of the genus Smilacina. J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 14: 137-159. Liu, D. M. 1991. Polygonatum Mill. Pp. 221—251 in J. M. Xu (editor), Flora Sichuanica, 7. Sichuan National¬ ities Press. Tamura, M. N.. M. Ogisu & J. M. Xu. 1997. Heteropoly¬ gonatum, a new genus of the tribe Polygonateae (Con¬ vallariaceae) from West China. Kew Bull. 52: 949—956. Wang, F. T. & T. Tang. 1978. Smilacina Desf. Pp. 26-40, 249 in F. T. Wang & T. Tang (editors). Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, 15. Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Beijing. -, -& S. Y. Liang. 1983. Notes on Chinese Liliaceae XI. Acta Bot. Yunnan. 5: 261-263. Yamashita, J., F. D. Pu, J. M. Xu, M. Ogisu, T. Inada & M. N. Tamura. In press. Molecular phytogeny of the tribe Polygonateae (Convallariaceae) based on DNA se¬ quences of the chloroplast genes trnK and rbc L. Amer. J. Bot. New Combinations in Campylandra (Convallariaceae, Convallarieae) Minoru N. Tamura Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 2000 kisaiehi, Katano-shi, Osaka 576-0004, Japan Liang Songyun (Liang Song-jun) Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincum, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People’s Republic of China Nicholas J. Turland Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Abstract. Campylandra Baker was published in 1875. Subsequently, various authors have either united it with Tupistra Ker Gawler (sometimes rec¬ ognizing it as a subgenus or section of Tupistra) or maintained it as a separate genus. The present au¬ thors regard Campylandra as a separate genus on account of its having filaments only proximally (vs. almost wholly in Tupistra ) adnate to the perianth tube, anthers as high as or higher (vs. lower) than the stigma, a shorter style, and a 3-lobed (vs. pel¬ tate to mushroom-shaped) stigma; this separation is confirmed by molecular phylogenies. In preparation for the accounts of genera in the Convallariaceae for Flora of China, Volume 24, it is therefore nec¬ essary to transfer into Campylandra 12 species hitherto treated under Tupistra , namely: T. annulata H. Li & J. L. Huang, T. chinensis Baker, T. delavayi Franchet, T. emeiensis Z. Y. Zhu, T. ensifolia F. T. Wang & Tang, T. jimhriata Handel-Mazzetti, T. jin- shanensis Z. L. Yang & X. G. Luo. T. liangshanensis Z. Y. Zhu, T. lichuanensis Y. K. Yang, J. K. Wu & D. T. Peng, T. longipedunculata F. T. Wang & S. Yun Liang, T. verruculosa Q. H. Chen, and T. yun- nanensis F. T. Wang & S. Yun Liang. It is also nec¬ essary to transfer two species originally described under a related genus, Rohdea Roth, but later transferred to Tupistra: T. tui (F. T. Wang & Tang) F. T. Wang & S. Yun Liang (R. tui F. T. Wang & Tang) and T. urotepala (Handel-Mazzetti) F. T. Wang & Tang (R. urotepala Handel-Mazzetti). In addition to these transfers, Campylandra ensifolia is lecto- typified. The genus Campylandra was originally de¬ scribed by Baker (1875: 582) with the single spe¬ cies C. aurantiaca Baker. Baker distinguished Campylandra from Tupistra Ker Gawler on the ba¬ sis of its sessile leaves, presence of staminal fila¬ ments, and a smaller stigma. On the other hand, Bentham and Hooker (1883) regarded Campylan¬ dra as no more than a variant of Tupistra with some¬ what more developed filaments and a more slender style, and reduced Campylandra to synonymy un¬ der Tupistra. Later, Engler (1887, 1897), Clarke (1890), Krause (1930), Dandy (1933), Chun (1934), Hutchinson (1934), Handel-Mazzetti (1936), Hara et al. (1978), and Conran and Tamura (1998) all recognized Campylandra as an independent genus. They evaluated it with varying circumscriptions, but as having, for example, sessile leaves, bracts longer than the flowers, tepals frilled at the margin, anthers positioned higher than or as high as the stigma, presence of filaments and/or a small, tri- lobed stigma. However, Hooker (1892), Baillon (1893), Franchet (1896), Wang and Liang (1976, 1978), and Huang and Li (1990) all followed Ben¬ tham and Hooker (1883) in regarding Campylandra as congeneric with Tupistra. Among them, Franchet (1896) and Huang and Li (1990) recognized Cam¬ pylandra at the ranks of section and subgenus, re¬ spectively. In the forthcoming Flora of China, Volume 24, Liang and Tamura (in press) will treat Campylandra and Tupistra as separate genera and stress the mor¬ phological differences as follows: Campylandra: filaments proximally adnate to perianth tube; anthers positioned as high as or higher than stigma; style usually 0-1 mm, rarely to 3.5 mm (C. fimbriata); stigma small, 3-lobed. Tupistra: filaments almost wholly adnate to peri¬ anth tube; anthers positioned lower than stigma; style 4-12 mm, cylindric; stigma peltate to mush¬ room-shaped, 2-7 mm in diameter, fleshy. Novon 10: 158-160. 2000. Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Tamura et al. New Combinations in Campylandra 159 According to Huang and Li (1990) and Huang and Hong (1997), Campylandra has unimodal kar¬ yotypes, and ellipsoid or subspherical, monosulcate pollen grains with reticulate or perforate exine, whereas Tupistra has bimodal karyotypes (except in T. nutans Wallich ex Lindley: unimodal), and spherical, inaperturate pollen grains with rugulose, verrucose, or gemmate exine. Thus the separation of Campylandra and Tupistra is more or less sup¬ ported by karyological and pollen morphological data, although comprehensive karyological and pol¬ len morphological studies are needed to confirm this. The separation of the two genera has also been supported by molecular phylogenies based on both trnK (including mat K) and rbc L genes (Yamashita & Tamura, in press). At the present stage, we con¬ sider that separation is better than inclusion of Campylandra within Tupistra. However, the de¬ tailed relationship of species and consequent ge¬ neric circumscription of Campylandra, Gonioscy- pha Baker, Rohdea, Tricalistra Ridley, and Tupistra should be reexamined in the future. In the present paper, we propose the following 14 new combina¬ tions in Campylandra for the treatment in Flora of China, Volume 24. These species were hitherto treated under Tupistra, but agree with Campylandra as defined here. Two of them were originally de¬ scribed under a related genus. Rohdea Roth, but were transferred to Tupistra in Wang and Liang (1978). The key to genera, generic descriptions, key to species, and specific descriptions of both Campylandra and Tupistra will be provided in the Flora. Campylandra annulata (H. Li & J. L. Huang) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb, nov. Basionym: Tupistra annulata H. Li & J. L. Huang, Acta Bot. Yunnan., Suppl. 3: 51. 1990. TYPE: China. Yunnan: “Cultus in Horto Botanico Kunming. Locus exactus sine cogni- tus,” D. Y. Xia 49 (holotype, KUN). Campylandra chinensis (Baker) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Tupistra chinensis Baker, Hooker’s Icon. PI. 19: t. 1867. 1889. TYPE: China. Hubei: “Patung [Badong] district,” Henry 5023 (holotype, K). Campylandra delavayi (Franchet) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Tupistra delavayi Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 40. 1896. TYPE: China. Yunnan: “dans le bois & Outchay, prfes de Ta kouen,” Delavay s.n. (syntype, P). Hubei: [without lo¬ cality], Henry 5231A (syntype, P). Campylandra emeiensis (Z. Y. Zhu) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Tupistra emeiensis Z. Y. Zhu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 271. 1982. TYPE: China. Sichuan: Emei Shan, 1800-2500 m, 1 June 1976, D. Q. Li & Z. Y. Zhu 29 (holotype, EMA). Campylandra ensifolia (F. T. Wang & Tang) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb, nov. Basionym: Tupistra ensifolia F. T. Wang & Tang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 7: 86. 1936. TYPE: China. Yunnan: “Plant of 6-18 inches. Flowers brown and green, strongly fragrant. Moist shady situations amongst rocks in side valleys on hills to east of Tengyueh, Lat. 25°N., alt. 6-7000 ft.,” June 1912 (fl), G. Forrest 8455 (lectotype here designated, K). Wang and Tang cited two syntypes: the flowering specimen cited above (as “type”) and the following specimen (as “fruit type”): China. Yunnan: “Shang- pa,” 2000 m, 21 Oct. 1934 (fr), H. T. Tsai 58892 (PE). The latter specimen was preserved in the her¬ barium of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Beijing), which has since been transferred to KUN, NAS, and PE. The specimen at Kew has two inflorescences and is here chosen as the lec¬ totype because flowering material is more useful diagnostically than fruiting material. Campylandra fhnbriata (Handel-Mazzetti) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Tupistra fimbriata Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Matb.-Naturwiss. Kl. 59: 253. 1922. TYPE: China. Yunnan: “In plu- viisilva frondosa calide temperata juxta vicum Bahan in convalle fluvii Salween, 27°58'[N],” ca. 2600 m, 20 June 1916, Handel-Mazzetti 8804 (holotype, W). Campylandra jinshanensis (Z. L. Yang & X. G. Luo) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Tupistra jinshanensis Z. L. Yang & X. G. Luo, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 6: 389. 1984. TYPE: China. Sichuan: cultivated in garden of Sichuan School of Chinese Ma¬ teria Medica, 450 m, 12 Apr. 1983, X. G. Luo & Z. L. Yang 483053 (holotype, EMA). Campylandra liangshanensis (Z. Y. Zhu) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Tupistra liangshanensis Z. Y. Zhu, in Z. Y. Zhu & J. L. Zhang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 521. 1981. TYPE: China. Sichuan: Puge, 2500 m, 12 Nov. 1978, D. Q. Li & Z. Y. Zhu 837 (holotype, EMA). 160 Novon Cainpylandra lichuanensis (Y. k. Yang, J. K. Wu & D. T. Peng) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Tupistra lichu- anensis Y. K. Yang, J. K. Wu & D. T. Peng, J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 9: 40. 1991. TYPE: China. Hubei: Lichuan County, “Che-Le, San-jiao, Yi- Zu,” 1100 m, 10 Apr. 1987, D. T. Peng 0631 (holotype, CPU; isotype, LCDH). Cainpylandra longipedunculata (F. T. Wang & S. Yun Liang) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Tupistra lon- gipedunculata F. T. Wang & S. Yun Liang, in F. T. Wang & Tang, FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 15: 249. 1978. TYPE: China. Yunnan: “Tsin- hung,” C. W. Wang 75985 (holotype, PE). Cainpylandra tui (F. T. Wang & Tang) M. N. Ta¬ mura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Rohdea tui F. T. W r ang & Tang, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 7: 284. 1937. Tupistra tui (F. T. Wang & Tang) F. T. Wang & S. Yun Liang, in F. T. Wang & Tang, FI. Reipubl. Po¬ pularis Sin. 15: 14. 1978. TYPE: China. Si¬ chuan: “Pao-hsing Hsien [Baoxing Xian], Teng-chih-kou,” 2460 m, 22 June 1933, T. H. Tu 4256 (holotype, PE). The holotype specimen was preserved in the her¬ barium of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Beijing), which has since been transferred to KUN, NAS, and PE. Cainpylandra urotcpala (Handel-Mazzetti) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Rohdea urotepala Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 57: 272. 1920. Tupistra urotepala (Handel- Mazzetti) F. T. Wang & Tang, FI. Reipubl. Po¬ pularis Sin. 15: 14. 1978. TYPE: China. Si¬ chuan: “in saltu profundo tergi Soso-liangdse,” ca. 2700 m, 25 Apr. 1914, Handel-Mazzetti 1733 (holotype, W). Cainpylandra verruculosa (Q. H. Chen) M. N. Ta¬ mura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb. nov. Bas¬ ionym: Tupistra verruculosa Q. H. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 69. 1987. TYPE: China. Guizhou: Pingtang, Bairu, 700 m, 13 May 1982, Q. //. Chen & J. D. Liu 1328 (holotype, HGAS). Cainpylandra yunnanensis (F. T. Wang & S. Yun Liang) M. N. Tamura, S. Yun Liang & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Tupistra yunnanensis F. T. Wang & S. Yun Liang, in F. T. Wang & Tang, FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 15: 249. 1978. TYPE: China. Yunnan: “Chao-tung,” //. T. Tsai 50880 (holotype, PE). Acknowledgment. We thank Anthony R. Brach (MO c/o Harvard) for help in locating literature. Literature Cited Baillon, M. H. 1893. Les plantes allides aux Tupistra (suite). Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 1113—1117. Baker, J. G. 1875. Revision of the genera and species of Asparagaceae. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 508—632. Bentham, G. & J. I). Hooker. 1883. Genera Plantarum. 3. L. Reeve, Williams & Norgate, London. Chun, W. Y. 1934. Contributions to the flora of kwangtung and South-Eastern China (1). Sunyatsenia 1: 209—316. Clarke, C. B. 1890. On the plants of kohima and Muney- pore. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 1-155. Conran, J. G. & M. N. Tamura. 1998. Convallariaceae. Pp. 186-198 in: k. kubitzki (editor). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, 3. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Dandy, J. E. 1933. A new liliaceous plant from kwang¬ tung. Sunyatsenia 1: 127. Engler, A. 1887. Liliaceae—Asparagoideae—Convallarieae. Pp. 81-83 in: A. Engler & k. Prantl (editors). Die na- ttirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 2(5). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann. Leipzig. -. 1897. Liliaceae. Pp. 71—77 in: A. Engler & k. Prantl (editors). Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Nachtrage 1. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Franchet. M. A. 1896. Note sur Quelques Liliac^es de la Chine Occidentale. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43 : 37—48. Handel-Mazzetti, H. 1936. Symbolae Sinicae, 7. Verlag von Julius Springer, Wien. Hara. 1L. W. T. Steam & L. H. J. Williams. 1978. An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal, 1. Trust¬ ees of British Museum (Natural History), London. Hooker, J. I). 1892. Flora of British India. 6. L. Reeve, London. Huang, J. L. & D. Y. Hong. 1997. Pollen morphology in the subtribe Aspidistriuae (Liliaceae, s.l.). Acta Phyto¬ tax. Sin. 35: 117—124, pi. 1—5. -& H. Li. 1990. Study on the taxonomic system of the genus Tupistra. Acta Bot. Yunnan., Suppl. 3: 49— 61. Hutchinson, J. 1934. The Families of Flowering Plants, 2. Macmillan, London. krause, k. 1930. Liliaceae. Pp. 227—386 in: A. Engler & k. Prantl (editors), Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2, 15a. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Liang, S. Y. & M. N. Tamura. In press. Campylandra Bak¬ er and Tupistra ker Gawler. In Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (editors). Flora of China, 24. Science Press. Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Wang, F. T. & S. Y. Liang. 1976. Tupistra. Pp. 493-497, 927—928 in: Beijing Institute of Botany, Academia Sin- ica (editor), Iconographia Cormophytorum Sinicorum 5. Science Press, Beijing. -&-. 1978. Tupistra ker-Gawl. Pp. 6—16 in F. T. Wang & T. Tang (editors), Flora Reipublicae Po¬ pularis Sinicae, 15. Science Press, Beijing. Yamashita, J. & M. N. Tamura. In press. Molecular phy- logeny of the Convallariaceae (Asparagales). In: k. Wil¬ son & D. Morrison (editors). Proceedings of the Mono- cots II and Grasses III Conference. CSIRO, Sydney. A New Species of Palicourea (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae) from Southern Brazil Charlotte M. Taylor Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Abstract. The new species Palicourea australis C. M. Taylor is described and illustrated. This new species is distinguished from P. marcgravii A. St.- Hilaire by its shorter corollas with dense external pubescence that is confined to the tube and corolla lobes with appendages or pronounced thickenings. During study of Brazilian Palicourea Aublet for the “Phanerogamic Flora of Sao Paulo State” pro¬ ject, the following well-marked species was discov¬ ered to be undescribed, due largely to confusion in the identities of previously described species. As circumscribed by Taylor (1997), Palicourea is dis¬ tinguished within the Rubiaceae by its persistent stipules that are united around the stems into a continuous sheath and bilobed in the interpetiolar portion; generally colored inflorescences with the flowers usually pedicellate; corollas that are usually brightly colored, usually five-lobed, and have well- developed tubes that are somewhat swollen at the base and glabrous internally except for a dense ring of pubescence situated just above this basal swell¬ ing; and drupaceous fruits with usually two py¬ renes. This Neotropical genus includes about 200 species found from sea level to high montane re¬ gions. The species are typically distylous and ap¬ parently pollinated by hummingbirds. Palicourea australis C. M. Taylor, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Parand: Mpio. Mangueirinha, Cachoei- ra, 6 Dec. 1989, G. Hatschbach & V. Nicolack 53679 (holotype, MBM; isotype, MO- 4224516). Figure 1. Haec species a Palicourea marcgravii corollae tubo ex- tus velutino-pubescente et lobulis incrassationes projec- turasve abaxiales gerentibus distinguitur. Flowering 0.7 m tall, to 2 m tall; stems terete, glabrous to puberulous. Leaves paired; blades ellip¬ tic to narrowly so, 6—17 X 2—6.5 cm, at apex acute to somewhat acuminate, at base acute to cuneate, papyraceous, adaxially and abaxially glabrous to minutely puberulous, often more densely so along costa; secondary veins 6 to 10 pairs, extending to near margins but not uniting with them, with l(to 3) weak to well-developed intersecondary veins usually present between pairs of secondary veins, adaxially costa prominulous and remaining vena¬ tion plane to a little thickened, abaxially costa prominulous to prominent, secondary veins promi¬ nulous, and reticulated minor venation sparse, plane to thickened; margins thinly to distinctly car¬ tilaginous, minutely ciliolate; petioles 3—7 mm long, glabrous to puberulous; stipules puberulous to gla- brescent, persistent at least with the leaves, united around the stem into a continuous truncate sheath 0.2—1 mm long, lobes narrowly triangular to some¬ what lanceolate, 3—7 mm long, acute to acuminate or bidentate. Inflorescences terminal, erect, with pe¬ duncles 3.5-11.5 cm long; panicles shortly pyra¬ midal to somewhat corymbiform, 2.5—8.5 X 3-6 cm excluding corollas, with 4 to 6 pairs of developed secondary axes, these often subopposite to alter¬ nate, with flowers pedicellate in cymules of 3 to 7; bracts entire to ciliolate, those subtending second¬ ary axes triangular, 0.5—6 mm long, acute, those subtending pedicels deltoid to narrowly triangular, 0.3—1 mm long, acute; pedicels 1—4 mm long; pe¬ duncle, axes, bracts, and pedicels puberulous to glabrescent, red; flowers distylous, with hypanthium cylindrical to turbinate, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous to puberulous; calyx limb puberulous to usually gla¬ brous, divided nearly to base, lobes ovate to deltoid or shortly trilobed, 0.8—1.1 mm long, acute to cus¬ pidate, entire to laciniate; corolla tubular, yellow on tube and pink to purple on lobes, a little swollen at base, generally straight at base and in tube, ex¬ ternally densely pubescent on tube with stout tri- chomes 0.3-1 mm long, glabrous on lobes, inter¬ nally glabrous except for a sparsely pilosulous ring ca. 1 mm wide at ca. 2 mm above base, tube 8—11 X ca. 2.5^1 mm, lobes triangular, 1.5—2 mm long, acute, thickened and shortly involute adaxially at apex, abaxially with a thickened and rounded ap¬ pendage to 0.5 mm long; anthers in short-styled form ca. 4 mm long and partially exserted, in long- styled form ca. 3 mm long and positioned ca. % of length of corolla tube above base; stigmas in short- styled form ca. 2 mm long and positioned ca. % of length of corolla tube above base, in long-styled form ca. 1 mm long and exserted; disk ca. 1—1.2 Novon 10: 161-163. 2000. 162 Novon Figure I. Palicourea australis (1. M. Taylor, based on Lindeman & de Haas 3796 (NY). —A. Branch with inflorescence. —B. Flower bud before anthesis. —C. Flower at anthesis. B, C to same scale. mm high, bipartite. Infructescences similar to inflo¬ rescences or with axes often more spreading, color not observed; fruit ovoid, ca. 4.5 X 5 mm, some¬ what flattened laterally, glabrous or glabrescent, red; pyrenes with 3 to 5 low rounded longitudinal ridges and the surfaces verruculose. [Subg. Pali¬ courea, sect. Crocothyrsae Grisebach, series Cro- ceae (Muller Argoviensis) K. Schum., subser. Sub- cymosae (Muller Argoviensis) C. M. Taylor.] Distribution, phenology, and habitat. In moist Araucaria, pine, gallery, and lakeside forests at 700-1000 m. Collected in flower in December, Jan¬ uary, and February, in fruit in January. This species is distinguished by its calyx lobes, which are often laciniate or shortly trilobed, corol¬ las that are externally densely pubescent with stout trichomes on the tube but, in contrast, glabrous on the lobes, corolla lobes with pronounced thicken¬ ings or knobs on the abaxial portion, ami clearly bipartite disk. Its infrageneric classification is based on the system of Taylor (1997). This new species is similar in corolla characters to Palicou¬ rea nitidella (Muller Argoviensis) Standley of the Amazon basin; P. nitidella can be distinguished from P. australis by its secondary leal veins that are arranged in 8 to 17 pairs and plane on their adaxial surfaces, petioles 5—30 mm long, calyx lobes obtuse and entire to shortly ciliolate, and corolla tubes 11— 14 mm long. Palicourea australis and P. nitidella are completely allopatric in their distributions. This new species is also similar to Palicourea marcgra- vii, which is found from southern Venezuela to Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais States in Brazil and thus also allopatric. Palicourea marcgravii can be dis¬ tinguished from P. australis by its stipule lobes 1- 3 mm long; corollas that are moderately to densely puberulous to short-pilosulous on the exterior with the pubescence similar on the tube ami lobes; co¬ rolla tubes 12—18 mm long; corolla lobes 2.5—3 mm long that are not thickened or appendaged abaxi- ally; and fruits 5.5—7 X 5.5-8 mm. Palicourea aus¬ tralis has incorrectly been treated previously under the name “ Palicourea platypodina Muell. Arg.” (e.g., Smith & Downs, 1956), but that name is a synonym of P. marcgravii [Glaziou 8739, isotype of P. platypodina, K, photo of destroyed isotype in B (F Rockefeller neg. #623) MO]. Thus the geograph¬ ic distribution given by Smith and Downs applies to the combined ranges of these two species, and is therefore inaccurate. Palicourea australis is one of the southernmost species of this genus, and the specific epithet refers to this southern range. Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Taylor Palicourea australis from Brazil 163 Few fruiting collections have been seen; these may have been confused with those of Palicourea croceoides Hamilton, which is apparently sympatrie with P. australis. Palicourea croceoides is easily dis¬ tinguished by its externally glabrous corollas. In addition to the specimens listed below, two collections (Brito 105, R; Anonymous s.n., RB- 183169) that may be from Rio de Janeiro have also been seen, but neither of them has a more precise collecting locality indicated. The lack of collections of Palicourea australis with a clearly indicated col¬ lecting locality in this state, together with the ap¬ parent absence of this new species from Sao Paulo state, makes its occurrence in Rio de Janeiro State doubtful. Paraiypes. BRAZIL. Parana: Palineira. Ceccatto . Flor. —c. P&alos. —d. Flor sin caliz y prHalos. —e. Frutos. —f. Pubesceneia sobre cl enves de la lamina. (Basado en el material de W. Ilaber el al. 11050 , INK). Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Zamora Leguminosas de Mesoamerica 177 Esta especie podria ser confundida con D. stev- ensonii, por el niimero y forma de los folfolos, pero D. tilarana tiene una inflorescencia mAs grande y abierta, con las bracteolas ovadas decfduas, flores de mayor tamano (5—8 mm) y numerosas, y frutos oblanceolados; mientras en D. stevensonii la inflo¬ rescencia es mAs corta, laxa, con las bracteolas li- neares persistentes, flores mas pequenas (4 mm), y frutos oblongos. Distribucidn. Nicaragua (Jinotega y Matagalpa), Costa Rica (Guanacaste) y PanamA (Code). Ele- vacion 1100-1450 m. Fenologia. Flores observadas en marzo y oc- tubre; frutos en marzo, junio y noviembre. A veces los frutos llegan a ser atacados por in- sectos (fide Haber & Bello 7333 ) por lo que no alcanzan su tamano normal. Habitat. Climas muy humedos con bosques montanos. Paratipos. NICARAGUA. Jinotega: Santa Lastenia, between Matagalpa and Jinotega, ca. 13°02'N, 85°57'W, 1450 m. 5 June 1982 (fr), Stevens 21537 (MO). Matagal¬ pa: Cerro El Picaeho, lower montane forest, 13°00’N, 85°55'W, 1440 m, 6 Jan. 1984, Gentry et al. 44080 (MO); Cerro El Picacho, lower montane forest, 13°00'N, 85°55'W, 1420 m. Gentry et al. 44053 (MO). COSTA RICA. Guanacaste: TilarAn, Cerro Frio, Cerro La Chiri- pa, 3 km NE de El Dos de Tilaran, 10°25'N, 84°53'W, 1200 m, 10 Nov. 1986 (fr), Haber & Bello 6357 (INR. MO); Cerro Frfo, Tilaran, Zona Monteverde, vertiente pa- cffica, 10°25'N, 84°53'W, 1100 m, 30 June 1987 (fr), Ha¬ ber & Bello 7333 (INR, MO). PANAMA. Code: El Cope on Pacific side 1/2 hour walk from sawmill, 2400 ft., 16 Oct. 1979 (fl), Antonio 2120 (MO). Pterocarpus michelianus N. Zamora, sp. nov. TIPO: Costa Rica. Guanacaste: Parque Na- cional Palo Verde Area de Conservacidn Tempisque, Sector Refugio Palo Verde, camino principal, 10°21'N, 85°21'W, 20 m, 15 Feb. 1992 (fl), U. Chavarria 553 (holdtipo, INB; is- otipos, MEXU, MO). Figura 2. Arbor 7-15 m, ramulis glabratis vel ferrugineo-pilosis; petioli 2.5—6 cm longi; rhachidibus 4—7.5 cm longis, pe- tiolulis 4—9 mm longis; foliola (3—)5—8, ovata obovata vel elliptica, distalia 7.2—12.5 X 4.4—7.8 cm, basalia 4.2-7.5 X 2.3-4.7 cm, apice apiculata, basi rotundata vel obtusa, glabrata. Racemi 3.5—17.5 cm longi, rhachidibus dense velutino-tomentosis. Flores pedicellati, 16-17 mm longi; calyx campanulatus, (5—)6—9 mm longus, extus dense ve- lutino-sericeus; petala aurea vexillo 16 X 17 mm, orbi- culato, apice emarginato. Stamina monadelpha. Legumina rotundata vel orbiculata, 4.5—6.1 X 3.8-5.5 cm, mem- branacea, glabrata; monosperma. Arbol 7—15 m, ramitas jovenes pardo-pAlidas, glabras o ferrugfneo-pilosas; estfpulas lineares de 5—8 X 1 mm, decfduas. Hojas imparipinnadas, al- ternas, con (3—)5—8 folfolos, altemos, folfolos dis¬ tales de 7.2-12.5 X 4.4-7.8 cm, ovados, obovados o elfpticos; folfolos basales de 4.2-7.5 X 2.3^1.7 cm, ovados; Apice apiculado, base redondeada y obtusa, glabros y reticulados en ambas caras; ra- quis de 4—7.5 cm de largo, pecfolulos de 4—9 mm de largo; pecfolo de 2.5—6 cm de largo. Inflores¬ cencia racemosa, 3.5-17.5 cm de largo, pedunculo de 1.5—1.7 cm de largo; brActeas de 1.5—3 mm de largo, lineares; bracteolas de 1-1.5 mm de largo, lineares. Flores de 16-17 mm de largo, anaranjadas o color oro, pedicelos de 3—11 mm de largo; cAliz incurvado, tubo de (4—)5—7 X 4.5 mm, denso fer- rugfneo-pilosos lobulos 1-2 mm de largo, triangu¬ lares, pubescentes en ambas caras; alas de 15—16 X 6.5—7 mm, oblongas y auriculadas en la base, una hasta 5 mm de largo; quilla de 14 X 5—6 mm, oblonga, auriculada en la base, una de 5 mm de largo; estandarte de 16 X 17 mm, orbicular y emar- ginado, una de 3^4 mm de largo; estambres de 10- 14 mm de largo, tubo estaminal de 8 mm de largo; pistilo de 15 mm de largo; ovario de 5 mm de largo, denso ferrugfneo-piloso; estilo de 10 mm de largo, sigmoide, piloso en la base; ovulos 6-7. Frutos leg- umbres samaroides, de 4.5—6.1 X 3.8—5.5 cm, re- dondeados u orbiculares, amarillentos o color paja, membranAceos y glabros; semilla 1. La primera coleccidn de esta especie fue hecha por E. Langlasse ( Langlass^ 157) en 1898 en el estado de Guerrero, Mexico. Esta coleccion form6 parte de la descripcibn de la especie P. aphyllus Micheli, descrita por Micheli en 1903. Micheli tom6 como base para la descripcidn de P. aphyllus las colecciones Langlass^ 123 con frutos (US) y Langlass# 157 con flores (US), sin designar una de ellas como tipo. MAs tarde Rojo (1972) designd como tipo la coleccidn Langlass# 123 con frutos y al mismo tiempo sinoniinizb P. aphyllus bajo P. am- phymenium DC. Al estudiar con cuidado ambas colecciones des- cubrf que se trata de dos especies diferentes y en efecto la coleccion con frutos ( Langlass# 123 ) cor- responde a P. amphymenium. La coleccibn con flores es una especie distinta y no descrita, para la cual propongo el nombre Pterocarpus michelianus. Pterocarpus michelianus difiere de P. amphymen¬ ium en la pubescencia parda-corta de la inflores¬ cencia y cAliz, asf como folfolos y frutos glabros; contrario a una pubescencia densa blanquecina o grisAcea de la inflorescencia y cAliz, frutos denso- sedoso blanquecino pubescentes y folfolos denso- pilosos en el enves en P. amphymenium. GeogrAf- icamente P. amphymenium estA restringida al extremo suroeste de Mexico, mientras P. micheli- 178 No von anus ocurre desde Mexico (Guerrero) hasta Costa Rica. La mayorfa del material de P. michelianus ha sido inal identificado como P. rohrii Vahl, la cual es una especie de habitats m&s humedos, con frutos de mayor tamano y flores color amarillo-verdosas. Distribution. Mexico (Guerrero) hasta Costa Rica, hn Costa Rica en la costa pacffica, desde Guanacaste hasta el valle del Rio Tarcoles, San Jose. Elevation 0—900 m. Fenologui. Flores han sido observadas de ene- ro a mayo. Frutos de febrero a mayo. Su maxima Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Zamora Leguminosas de Mesoamerica 179 floracion se da cuando el arbol esta sin hojas y las flores cubren completamente la copa. El color amarillo-oro de las flores lo hacen distintivo a la distancia y ademas sugiere que serfa una buena especie para el embellecimiento de areas verdes en climas secos. Habitat. Climas secos con vegetacidn caduci- folia. Paratipos. MEXICO. Guerrero: Ea Orilla, 30 m. 11 May 1898 (fl), Langlassd 157 (US); between Santa Maria Guenagati and Guichixu. Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, 100 m, 7 Mar. 1985 (fl), McCarter & Styles 352 (K). GUATEMALA. Zacapa: between Mayuelas and Arenal close to the main road toward Puerto Barrios about 163 km E of Guatemala City in a small side valley of the Kfo Motagua, 15°8'N, 89°22'W, 130 m, 23 Mar. 1988 (fl), Hughes 1121 (K). Chiquimula: close to the road from Sabana Grande to San Jos£ la Arada about 3 km E of San Jose, about 6 km S of the departmental town of Chiquimula, 14°44'N, 89°34'W, 400 m, 28 Feb. 1998 (fl), Hughes 1100 (K). HONDURAS. Between Tapaire and Guayabillas around 15 km NE of Choluteca, 170 m, 13 Feb. 1984 (fl). Hughes 131 (K). NICARAGUA. Between Empalme San Benito and Las Maderas on Panamerican Highway ca. 40 km NE of Managua, 75 m., 20 Apr. 1986 (fr), Hughes 813 (K); Boaco on the road from Managua to Boaco, 50 km from Managua, before the turnoff to Boaco, 12°23'N, 85°53'W, 200 m, 17 Mar. 1991 (fl), Styles 131 (K); 20 km N of Estelf close to Panamerican Highway, Estelf, 900 m, 3 Apr. 1984 (fl), Hughes 450 (K). COSTA RICA. Guana- caste: Liberia, P.N. Santa Rosa. Rio Calera, Santa Rosa, 10°50'00"N, 85°37'00"W. 300 m, 22 Mar. 1996 (fl), Cha¬ varria & Fernandez 1681 (MO); P. N. Palo Verde Area de Conservation Tempisque, Sector Refugio Palo Verde, cam- ino principal, 10°21'N, 85°21'W, 20 m. 15 Feb. 1992 (fl), Chavarria 553 (MO, INB); tree ca. 25 m tall, dry forest, near Finca Escameka, ca. 12 km S of Las Canas, 10 Mar. 1965 (fl), Godfrey 66953 (MO); Canas, Hacienda I ,a Cat¬ alina, 100 m, 19 Mar. 1978 (fr), Ocampo 1889 (CR). Ba¬ gaces: P.N. Palo Verde, Valle de Tempisque, Sector Cat¬ alina, 10°21'00"N, 85°21'00"W, 10 m, 4 Apr. 1995 (fr), Chavarria 1245 (MO, INB); Palo Verde E of river valley forest, 100 m, 14 Apr. 1969 (fr), Frankie 91a (MO); on the banks of the Rio Calera or lowlands of Santa Rosa N. P, 8 May 1976 (fl), Janzen 10360 (MO), 8 May 1976 (fr), Janzen 10359 (MO); Einca La Pacifica, 5 km NW of Can¬ as, 80 m, 22 Feb. 1969 (fl), Davidse 1465 (MO); Orillos del Rio Poza Solado. P. N. Santa Rosa, 21 F'eb. 1986 (fl), Zamora 1192 (MO. CR); F inca Escambeka, Taboga, Can¬ as, 8 km al SO de Canas, 2(X)—300 m, 10 Mar. 1965 (fl), Jimenez 3096 (MO); Montenegro S of Bagaces, 27 Jan. 1969 (fl). Gentry 326 (MO); Comeleo, dry deciduous trop¬ ical forest, 50—100 m, 27 Jan. 1970 (fl), Bawa 125 (MO); bank of Rio Tempisguito, 20 m E of Panamerican High¬ way, 4 mi. S of park entrance, 5 Feb. 1977 (fl), Boucher 708 (MO); Santa Rosa National Park, ca. 10°50'N, 85°37'W, 0-320 m. 14 May 1978, Janzen 10916 (MO); OTS research area A, Steward property, 28 km N of Canas, elev. 100 m, 2 Oct. 1969, Frankie 293a (MO); beside Panamerican highway, 1 km N of Las Canas, 40 ft., 10 in., 14 Apr. 1943 (fr), Barbour 1005 (MO); 5 km W of Bagaces on road to Palo Verde N. P. on flat ground be¬ tween Rio Tempesque and volcanoes to E, 10°26'N, 86°15'W, 6 Feb. 1993 (fl). Hughes 1738 (MO); Montenegro S of Bagaces, 27 Jan. 1969 (fl). Gentry 326 (MO); Carre- tera Interamericana at jet. with Rio Seco, less than 100 m, 18 Nov. 1984, Khan , Tebbs A Vickery 1167 (BM); En¬ virons de Nicoya, Apr. 1900 (fr), Tonduz 13972 (K). San Jose: Turrubares, Valle del Tarcoles, San Pablo, cerca del puente sobre el Rio Tarcoles, camino hacia Atenas, 9°54'45"N, 84°28'50"W, 100-200 m, 23 Feb, 1994 (fl), Ramirez el al. 263 (INB, CR). Desmodium sericophyllum Schlechtendal var. strobilaceum (Schlechtendal) N. Zamora, comb. nov. Basionimo: Desmodium strobila¬ ceum Schlechtendal, Linneae 12: 316. 1838. TIPO: Mexico. Jalapa: Jalapa. 28 Agosto (ano perdido), Schiede s.n ., destino desconocido. Hierba erecta o postrada, hasta 1 m?; ramitas anguladas y surcadas, con pubescencia densa blan- quecino-serfcea-adpresa, esparcida o glabrescente; estfpulas 8—12 mm de largo, triangular-acumina- das, decfduas. Hojas trifolioladas, folfolos (3-)4.5— 9.7 X (1—)1.5—2.5(-3.8) cm, oblongos a oblongo- elfpticos, apice obtuso, denso-blanquecino-serfceos en el enves. Flores y frutos iguales a var. serico¬ phyllum. Propongo la anterior combinacion ya que Des¬ modium strobilaceum solo difiere de D. sericophyl¬ lum en el tipo de pubescencia y la forma de los folfolos. Las variedades se distinguen asf: la. Ramitas con una pubescencia velutma-densa; fo¬ lfolos ovado-elfpticos, oblongos, orbiculares o su- borbiculares, lanoso-pubescentes en el env6s . . . D. sericophyllum var. sericophyllum lb. Ramitas con una pubescencia serfeea-adpresa; folfolos oblongos a oblongo-elfpticos, serfeeo-pu- bescentes, serfeeo-adpresa, esparcida o glabres¬ cente en el env6s. . D. sericophyllum var. strobilaceum Dioclea rosea (Bentham) N. Zamora, comb. nov. Basionimo: Cymbosema roseum Bentham, J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 60. 1840. TIPO: Brazil. “Rio Branco”, R. H. Schomburkg 850 (holotipo, K). Dioclea purpurea Poepp., Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 59. 1845. Al estudiar las caracterfsticas taxonomicas ge- nericas distintivas entre Cymbosema y Dioclea he encontrado que no hay una caracterfstica signifi- cativa para mantener a Cymbosema, genero rnono- tfpico, separado de Dioclea. Bentham (1840) en su publicacion original senala que el genero es aliado a Dioclea y que difiere de este por tener el estambre vexilar completamente libre, flores oblongas y fru¬ tos falcados. Mas tarde Maxwell (1970) detalla clar- amente la situacion al relacionarlo tambien con Dioclea y concluye lo mismo que Bentham; ademas agrega que especies como D. fimbriata Huber, D. 180 Novon macrantha Huber comparten caracterfsticas Mora¬ les de fonna y tamano con Cymbosema. Tambidn podemos citar a D. burkartii Maxwell con Mores similares en fonna y tamano. El estambre vexilar libre no es una carcterfstica valida para conservar el genero, ya que los estam- bres en Dioclea van desde pseudomonadelfos hasta diadelfos. Por ejemplo, especies como D. reflexa tienen el estambre vexilar completamente libre. Tambidn otras especies como D. apiculata Maxwell ined, y D. mollicoma Dueke, a veces tienen el es¬ tambre vexilar completamente libre (Mde Maxwell, 1969). Los frutos en Dioclea son muy variables y no se pueden tomar como una caracterfstica para delimitar el genero. En 1977, James A. Lackey despuds de completar su tesis sobre la clasificacidn de Phaseolae atina- damente concluye que el mantener a Cymbosema como un genero distinto de Dioclea puede ser du- doso. Estoy de acuerdo y por las razones antes ex- puestas propongo la combinacidn arriba indicada. Agradecimientos. Deseo agradecer a Henk van der Werfl por su ayuda en la preparacidn de la diagndsis en latin y a Claudia Aragon por sus ex- celentes ilustraciones. Esta investigacion fue Hn- anciada por la Asistencia Holandesa para el De- sarrollo (NEDA) a travds del proyecto “Desarrollo del conocimiento de la Biodiversidad y Uso Sos- tenible en Costa Rica” conducido por el Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad de Costa Rica (INBio). Ademds esta investigacidn fue posible debido al convenio de cooperacidn entre el Ministerio del Ambiente y Energia (MINAE) y INBio para llevar acabo el Inventario Nacional de Biodiversidad. I.iteratura Citada Bentham, G. 1840. Contributions towards a Flora of South America. Enumeration of plants collected by Mr Schomburgk in British Guiana. J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 60. lackey, J. A. 1977. A Synopsis of Phaseoleae (Legumi- nosae: Papilionoideae). Unpublished Ph.l). Thesis, Iowa State University. Maxwell, R. H. 1969. The Genus Dioclea (Fabaceae) in the New World. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. -. 1970. The genus Cymbosema (Leguminosae): Notes and distribution. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 57: 252-257. Micheli, M. 1903. Leguminosae Langlaseanae. Mdm. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve 34: 266, t. 16. Rojo. J. P. 1972. Pterocarpus (Leguminosae-Papiliona- ceae) Revised for the World. Phanerogamarum Mono- graphiae Tomus V. Verlag Von J. Cramer, Lehre, Ger¬ many. Two New Combinations in Central Asian and Chinese Allium (Alliaceae) Guanghua Zhu and Nicholas J. Turland Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Abstract. In preparing the account of Allium L. for the Flora of China, Volume 24, two new com¬ binations are made in order to recognize entities at varietal rank within the complex of A. atrosangui¬ neum Schrenk: A. atrosanguineum var. fedschen- koanum (Regel) G. Zhu & Turland and A. atrosan¬ guineum var. tibeticum (Regel) G. Zhu & Turland. Lectotypes are herein designated lor both names. The priority of A. atrosanguineum over A. mona¬ delphum Turczaninow ex Karelin & Kirilov (pub¬ lished in the same year) is explained. Allium atrosanguineum is a Central Asian and Chinese species sometimes treated as A. monadel- phum, e.g., by Vvedensky (1935: 146-147). It is characterized as follows: roots thin; bulbs cylindric; leaves terete, fistulose; scape terete; filaments shorter than tepals, connate into a tube for 1/3—3/4 their length, entire; ovary with ovules 2 to several per locule. While preparing the account of Allium for the Flora of China, Volume 24 (Xu & Kamelin, in press), the present authors together with J. M. Xu and R. V. Kamelin considered it appropriate to recognize three entities within the complex of A. atrosanguineum at varietal rank, necessitating two new combinations: A. atrosanguineum var. fed¬ schenkoanum (Regel) G. Zhu & Turland (based on A. fedschenkoanum Regel) and A. atrosanguineum var. tibeticum (Regel) G. Zhu & Turland (based on A. monadelphum var. tibeticum Regel). The name Allium monadelphum Turczaninow ex Karelin & Kirilov (1842: 508) is synonymous with, and has been regarded as senior to, A. atrosangui¬ neum Schrenk (1842: 355), e.g., by Regel (1887), who combined A. atrosanguineum at varietal rank (p. 309) under A. monadelphum, which he errone¬ ously cited (p. 307) as having been published by Turczaninow (1838: 102), where it was in fact in¬ valid as a nomen nudum. Allium monadelphum was first validly published in late 1842 (see Stafleu & Cowan, 1979: 497, no. 3515), whereas A. atrosan¬ guineum was published slightly earlier, on 18 July 1842 (the date printed on the end page of the rel¬ evant issue of the journal, p. 367). Therefore, if the two are treated as conspecific, A. atrosanguineum is the correct name. Allium atrosanguineum var. fedschenkoanum (Regel) G. Zhu & Turland, comb. nov. Basio- nym: Allium fedschenkoanum Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 82. 1875. Allium fedschenkoanum var. elatum Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 82. 1875. Allium monadelphum Turczaninow ex Karelin & Kirilov var. fedschenkoanum (Regel) Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 308. 1887. TYPE: “In valle Sarawschansk Turkestaniae,” s.d., 0. Fedchenko s.n. (lecto- type, here designated, LE). In the protologue of Allium fedschenkoanum. Re¬ gel (1875: 82—83) cited two specimens, both col¬ lected by 0. Fedchenko: one under variety [a] ela¬ tum (“In valle Sarawschansk Turkestaniae legit 0. Fedsehenko”) and the other under variety [/3] hu- mile Regel (“In montibus ad fluvium Sarawschansk, 6—9000' alt. Turkestaniae, legit O. Fedsehenko”). These were the only two varieties described; the autonym was not explicitly cited. Regel later (1887: 308, 311) recombined both A. fedschenkoanum and its variety humile (without explicit mention of var. elatum) as varieties of A. monadelphum. The two specimens originally cited under the varieties of A. fedschenkoanum were cited again under A. mona¬ delphum var. [)3] fedschenkoanum (“in valle fluvii Sarawschan 3-7000' alt.”) and variety [£] humile (“In valle fluvii Sarawschan 8—9000' alt.”). It seems reasonable to assume that “in valle” and “in montibus ad fluvium” in 1875 equate with “3— 7000' alt.” and “8-9000' alt.” in 1887, respective¬ ly. Indeed, Regel cited no other specimens collect¬ ed by 0. Fedchenko under A. monadelphum s.l. in 1887. It is therefore inferred that Regel considered variety elatum to represent the typical element within A. fedschenkoanum, if not in 1875, then cer¬ tainly in 1887. Accordingly, the specimen cited in 1875 under variety elatum is here designated as the lectotype of A. fedschenkoanum. Allium atrosanguineum var. fedschenkoanum is characterized by having tepals whitish yellow to Novon 10: 181-182. 2000. 182 Novon pink with a yellowish base (subsequently becoming yellowish white), oblong-lanceolate, 10—15 mm long, the margin sometimes minutely denticulate, and the apex attenuate. The variety is distributed in Afghanistan, China (Xinjiang and Xizang prov¬ inces), Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, India, Pakistan, Ta¬ jikistan, and Uzbekistan. Allium utrosan^uineum var. tibetieuin (Regel) G. Zhu & Turland, comb. nov. Basionym: Al¬ lium monadelphum var. tibeticum Regel. Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 311. 1887. TYPE: China. Qinghai: “In Tibeti borealis de- clivibus jugorum inter Hoangho et Yang-tse in glareosis limosis,” s.d., N. M. Przewalski s.n. (lectotype, here designated, LE). In the protologue of Allium monadelphum var. tibeticum , Regel cited two specimens: “In Tibeti bo¬ realis declivibus jugorum inter Hoangho et Yang- tse in glareosis limosis,—nec non in Chinae occi¬ dentals regione Tangut provinciae Kansu 13,000' alt., prope altem Dshachar-Dsargyn (N. M. Prze¬ walski).” Either specimen would be eligible as the lectotype of variety tibeticum , and it seems appro¬ priate lor a taxon so named to be represented by a type from the Tibetan Plateau (Xizang and Qinghai provinces, China), so the latter specimen is here designated as the lectotype. Allium atrosanguineum var. tibeticum is charac¬ terized by having tepals brass yellow to copper red and lustrous with a pinkish apex and base (subse¬ quently becoming pale yellow), oblong-obovate, 10—16 mm long, and the apex rounded. The variety is endemic to China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xi¬ zang, and Yunnan provinces). For comparison, variety atrosanguineum has te¬ pals purple-red and minutely black dotted (subse¬ quently becoming yellowish white to grayish pink). oblong-obovate, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, 7—9 mm long, and the apex subacute (but never atten¬ uate). It is more broadly distributed in Afghanistan, China (Qinghai, Sichuan, and Xinjiang provinces), Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, and Ta¬ jikistan. Acknowledgments. We thank Rudolf V. Kamelin (LE) lor outlining the taxonomic situation of Allium atrosanguineum and alerting us to the need for these new combinations. We also thank Anthony R. Brach (MO c/o Harvard) for help in examining orig¬ inal literature. I .ilerature Cited Karelin. C. S. & I. P. Kirilov. 1842. Enumeratio plantarum in desertis Songoriae orientalis et in jugo summarum alpium Alatau anno 1841 collectarum. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 129-180, 321—453, 503-542. Hegel, E. von. 1875. Alliorum adhuc cognitorum mono- graphia. Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 1- 266. -. 1887. Alii species Asiae centralis in Asia media a Turcomania desertisque aralensibus et Caspicis usque ad Mongoliam crescentes. Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 279-362. Schrenk, A. G. von. 1842. Novae plantarum species nu- perrime a D. Al. Schrenk in Songaria lectae. (Contin- uatio.) (Lu le 29 avril 1842.) Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pdtersbourg 10: 352—356. Stafleu. F. A. & R. S. Cowan. 1979. Taxonomic Literature. A Selective Guide to Botanical Publications and Col¬ lections with Dates, Commentaries and Types. Volume II: H-Le, 2nd ed. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht and dr. W. Junk b.v.. Publishers, The Hague. Turczaninow, N. S. 1838. Catalogus plantarum in regionis baicalen|si]bus et in Dahuria sponte crescentium. Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11: 85-107. Vvedensky, A. 1. 1935. Allium L. Pp. 112-280 in: V. L. Komarov (editor), Flora SSSR. 4. Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk SSSR. Leningrad. Xu, J. M. & R. V. Kamelin. In press. Allium Linnaeus. In: Z. V Wu X P. H. Raven (editors). Flora of China, 24. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Paspalum volcanensis, a New Species of Subgenus Anachyris of Paspalum (Poaceae: Paniceae) Fernando 0. Zuloaga, Osvaldo Morrone, and Silvia Denham Instituto de Botanica Darwinion, Casilla de Correo 22, San Isidro (1642), Argentina. fzuloaga@darwin.edu.ar ABSTRACT. A new species of Poaceae, Paspalum volcanensis, from southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina, is described and illustrated. Its concavo- convex spikelets and upper lemma with conspicu¬ ous nerves are characters it shares with other spe¬ cies of subgenus Anachyris of Paspalum. A key to the species of the subgenus and comments on the delimitation of the new species are provided here. In preparation of a treatment of the genus Pas¬ palum L. for Flora Neotropica, examination of re¬ cent collections from Bolivia and Argentina has re¬ vealed a new species within subgenus Anachyris (Nees) Chase. Paspalum volcanensis belongs to subgenus Ana¬ chyris (Nees) Chase, due to the presence of con¬ cavo-convex spikelets, and upper lemmas with con¬ spicuous nerves on the abaxial surface. Within this subgenus, this new species is related to P. usterii Hackel: spikelets are pilose in both species, and the upper glume is always present. It differs from P. usterii by height, and inflorescence and spikelet size; the latter species grows in southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina, be¬ tween 0 and 1200 m elevation, while P. volcanensis is present in southern Bolivia and northwestern Ar¬ gentina, between 1000 and 2300 m elevation. Paspalum volcanensis Zuloaga, Morrone & Den¬ ham, sp. nov. TYPE. Argentina. Jujuy: Dpto. Tumbaya, Volcan, cantera al SE del pueblo, 2100-2200 m s.m., 13 Feb. 1985, R. Kiesling, S. Botta, C. Ezcurra, M. Sanchez & E. Ulibarri 5170 (holotype, SI; isotypes, MO, US). Figures 1A-C, 2. Culmi erecti, 45-60 cm alti. Laminae foliares lanceo- latae, 12-22 cm longae, 0.7-1.3 cm latae. Racemi 4—19, adscendentes vel patentes, infimi 4—9 cm longi; spiculis ellipsoideis, 2.5—3 mm longis, 1.1-1.2 mm latis; gluma superiore 3-nervi; lemmate inferiore 3-nervi, palea infer- iore absente; anthoecio superiore ellipsoideo; lemmate fer- tili valde 7-nervi. Caespitose perennials, with extravaginal inno¬ vations and short rhizomes covered by glabrous cat- aphylls. Floriferous culms 45—60 cm tall, 2.4—3 mm diam.; nodes 2—3, brownish, glabrous or sparsely pilose; internodes 2.5—15 cm long, gla¬ brous, striate, stramineous. Sheaths longer or short¬ er than the internodes, 9.5-22 cm long, striate, slightly compressed and keeled toward the distal portion, glabrous, one margin hirsute, the other gla¬ brous or hirsute toward the distal portion. Ligules membranous, 2—3.5 mm long, pale brown, glabrous; pseudoligule a ring of whitish hairs up to 6 mm long. Blades lanceolate, 12—22 cm long, 0.7—1.3 cm wide, flat, ascendent, slightly divergent from the culm, rounded at the base, the apex acuminate, gla¬ brous on both surfaces or the abaxial surface pa¬ pillose-pilose, the margins papillose-pilose. Pedun¬ cles 9-25 cm long, terete, glabrous. Inflorescences terminal, exserted, 9-17 cm long, 4-9 cm wide; main axes 6-10 cm long, glabrous, ending in a na¬ ked point; racemes 4—19, ending in a spikelet, al¬ ternate to subopposite, divergent from the main axes, the lower ones 4—9 cm long; pulvini covered by whitish hairs, up to 0.5 mm long; rachises 1— 1.6 mm wide, glabrous, brownish or purplish, the margins papillose-pilose; spikelets imbricate, dis¬ tributed in 4 series; pedicels subterete, paired, gla¬ brous, unequal, the upper ones 0.5—1.3 mm long, the lower ones half as long as the upper ones. Spikelets ellipsoid, 2.5-3 mm long, 1.1-1.2 mm wide, concavo-convex, pilose, pale and tinged with purple. Lower glumes absent. Upper glumes % to equal the spikelet length, acuminate, membranous, dorsal surface sparsely pilose, with adpressed hairs more densely disposed toward the base, margins papillose-pilose, 3-nerved, the nerves conspicuous, one central and two submarginal. Lower lemmas equal to the upper anthoecium or slightly longer, membranous, glabrous, hyaline, 3-nerved, the nerves conspicuous, depressed at base. Lower pa- leas absent. Upper anthoecia concavo-convex, as long as the spikelets, indurated, glabrous, finely pa¬ pillose. Upper lemmas 7-nerved, the midvein and lateral veins conspicuous. Upper paileas indurated, 2-nerved; lodicules 2, ca. 0.3 mm long, condupli- cate, hyaline; stamens 3, the anthers 1.6-2.2 mm Novon 10: 183-186. 2000. 184 Novon Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of the upper anthoecium of Paspalum species. A-C. Paspalum volcanensis .— A. Upper dorsal portion of the upper lemma. —B. Medium dorsal portion of the upper palea. —C. Detail of the surface of the upper palea with simple papillae regularly distributed and bicellular microhairs ( Kiesling el al. 5171). —I). Paspalum usteri. Upper dorsal portion of the upper lemma ( Monies 1932). E, F. Paspalum malacophyllum. —E. Upper dorsal portion of the upper lemma. —F. Detail of the dorsal surface of the upper lemma, with simple, regularly distributed papillae and bicellular microhairs ( Pires <£ Black 2293). Volume 10, Number 2 2000 Zuloaga et al. Paspalum volcanensis 185 Figure 2. Holotype of Paspalum volcanensis Zuloaga, Morrone & Denham. —A. Habit. —B. Detail of ligule. —C. Portion of the inflorescence: rachis and paired pedicels. —D. Spikelet, dorsal view showing upper glume. —E. Spikelet, ventral view showing lower lemma. — F. Upper anthoecium, dorsal view. — G. Upper anthoecium, ventral view. —H. Upper palea with stamens and lodicules. —1. Caryopsis, embryo side. — J. Caryopsis, hilum side. 186 Novon long, purplish; stylos 2, the stigmas purplish. Cary- opses ellipsoid, 2 mm long, 0.8 mm wide; hilums elliptical; embryos Ys the length of the oaryopses. Distribution and ecology. This species occurs in department of Tarija, Bolivia, and in the province of Jujuy, northwestern Argentina, between 1000 and 2300 m elevation, on humid grasslands and the margins of rivers. According to Cabrera (1976), Paspalum volcanensis has been reported from the Yungas province and transitional areas between the Yungas and the Prepunena provinces, in immature, permeable, rocky and sandy soils. Chromosome number: n = 20 (Hunziker et al., 1998, under Paspalum aff. malacophyllum). Paratypes. ARGENTINA. Jujuy: Opto. Tumbaya, Volcan, camino a la cantera al SE de Vulcan, 1010 m s.tn., 23°56'S, 65°27'W, en suelo arenoso, borde de rfo, 15 f ell. 1997, Zuloaga , Morrone & Pensiero 5871 (MO, SI): Vol- cdn, cantera al SE del pueblo, 2100—2000 m s.m., 13 Eeb. 1985, Kiesling, Botta, Ezcurra, Sanchez & Ulibarri 5171 (MO, SI). BOLIVIA. Tarija: Prov. Mendez, 10.4 km SW of Tomatas, 5 km N of Tarija, Rincon de la Victoria, 2200— 2.3(H) m s.m., 21 C, 32'S. 64°50'W, 10 Mayo 1983, Solomon 10630 (MO). Subgenus Anachyris (Nees) Chase of Paspalum can be distinguished by its concavo-convex spike- lets, the upper lemma having conspicuous nerves on the abaxial surface (Fig. 1). The new species agrees with these characters and therefore is in¬ cluded within this subgenus. Within subgenus An¬ achyris, P. volcanensis is related to P. usterii, the only other species of this subgenus with pilose spikelets with a developed upper glume, which is absent in the remaining species of the subgenus. Paspalum usterii differs by its long and robust rhi¬ zomes, inflorescences 12—35 cm long with 12—60 racemose branches, and spikelets 1.8—2.4 mm long, with the upper glume 1-3-nerved, reaching Vi to % the length of the spikelet and the nerves not man¬ ifest; this species grows in southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and Argentina, in the province of Mi- siones. Paspalum volcanensis has on the abaxial epider¬ mis of the palea and lemma bicellular microhairs of the “panicoid” type, together with simple, small papillae, regularly distributed in longitudinal rows; each papilla is associated with a long cell of the epidermis (Fig. 1A-C); a similar pattern was found in the lemma and palea of P. usteri (Fig. ID). Pas¬ palum malacophyllum Trinius, P. simplex Morong, and P. procurrens Quarfn are, on the contrary, dis¬ tinguished by the presence of simple papillae as long as the epidermal cells, which cover the tan¬ gential external wall of the long cells (Fig. IE, F). The following key differentiates the currently recognized species of Paspalum subg. Anachyris: I. Spikelets pilose; upper glume present; upper lemma and palea with inconspicuous nerves and a small papilla on each epidermal cell . . 2 1'. Spikelets glabrous; upper glume absent; upper lemma and palea with conspicuous nerves and a large papilla on each epidermal cell . 3 2(1). Plants 1—2 m tall; rhizomes long and robust; culms lignified; inflorescences 12—35 cm long. 8—15 cm wide, with 12-60 racemose branches, the lower ones 6—12 cm long; spikelets 1.8—2.5 mm long; upper glume V 2 —% as long as the spikelet, 1-3-nerved, the nerves not manifest; northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil . . . P usterii 2'. Plants 45—60 cm tall; rhizomes short; culms herbaceous; inflorescences 9—17 cm long, 4—9 cm wide, with 4—19 racemose branches, the lower ones 4—9 cm long; spikelets 2.5—3 mm long; upper glume 3 A to equal the length of the spikelet, 3-nerved, the nerves conspicuous; northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia . P. volcanensis 3(1). Plants stoloniferous. P. procurrens 3'. Plants caespilose . 4 4(3). Blades linear; axis of the branches of the inflo¬ rescence glabrous. P simplex 4'. Blades linear-lanceolate to lanceolate; axis of the branches of the inflorescence usually pilose . P. malacophyllum Acknowledgments. Fieldwork was carried out with grants from the National Geographic Society, #5657-96 and #6024-97. Laboratory work was done with a grant from Consejo Nacional de Inves- tigaciones Cientfficas y TAcnicas, CONICET, #4440/96. We thank Vladimiro DudAs for preparing the excellent line drawing. Literature Cited Cabrera, A. L. 1976. Territorios fitogeograficos de la Re- publica Argentina. In L. R. Parodi (editor), Encielope- dia Argentina de Agrieultura y Jardinerfa, ed. 2; 1-85, f. 1—31. Ed. Acme, Buenos Aires. Hunziker, J. H., E. (). Zuloaga, 0. Morrone & A. Escobar. 1998. Estudios cromosdmicos en Paniceae sudameri- eanas (Poaceae; Panicoideae). Darwiniana 35: 29—36. Volume 10, Number 2, pp. 95—186 of NOVON was published on 30 June 2000. Volume 10 NO VON Number 3 2000 A New Species of Aureliana (Solanaceae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil Rita de Cdssia Almeida-Lafetd Programa de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Bloco K, Sala K2-019, 2 Q andar, Cidade Universitdria, CEP: 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, ritalafeta@yahoo.com.br Abstract. The new species Aureliana angusti- folia (Solanaceae) from a secondary forest of Juiz de Fora, in southeastern Brazil, is described. It is distinguished by its narrowly lanceolate leaves, by the brief and triangular calyx lobes, and by the subglobose fruits with a thin pericarp. The style length dimorphism with the lack of the stigmatic papillae on the short style suggests that it is an andromonoecious species. Seven taxa were recognized in the revision of the genus Aureliana Sendtner by Hunziker and Bar- boza (1991). All are found in central-western, southeastern, and southern Brazil. Carvalho and Bovini (1995) added one additional species col¬ lected in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro. During a recent survey of Solanaceae, carried out in a Conservation Unit in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Ger¬ ais, in southeastern Brazil, another distinctive new species of Aureliana was discovered. Aureliana angustifolia Aim.-Lafetd, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Juiz de Fora, Re- serva Biologiea Santa Candida, 29 May 1996 (fl, fr), R. C. Almeida-Lafetd & F. A. P. L. Costa 95 (holotype, CESJ; isotypes, MO, R, RB). Fig¬ ure 1. Frutex 2—3 m altus; ramis diehotomis. Folia geminata inaequalia, lanceolata, angusta, chartacea. adaxaliter gla- brata, abaxaliter pubescentia trichomatibus simplicibus eglandulatis. Inflorescentae 5- ad 8-fasciculatae. Hos ca- lyce campanulato, laciniis triangularibus brevibus; corolla alba, maculis viridibus ornata; filamentis ca. 1.5 mm lon- gis, antheris ca. 1 mm longis. Fructus subglobosus, peri- carpio tenui; seminibus reniformibus. Shrub 2-3 m high, branches dichotomous, pu- berulent, with simple, eglandular trichomes on the leaves and the stem. Sympodial units difoliate, with unequal size. Leaves chartaceous, narrowly lance¬ olate, the larger difoliate one 13-28 X 1.5—2 cm, the smaller 4—6 X ca. 1 cm wide, blade slightly asymmetric, apex acute to acuminate, base acute; adaxial blade glabrate, abaxially puberulent, with simple trichomes; petiole 3-5 mm long. Inflores¬ cence 5- to 8-fasciculate, axillary. Pedicel ca. 7 mm long, apically inflated. Calyx campanulate, with tri¬ angular lobes less than 1 mm long, hirsute exter¬ nally, with simple eglandular trichomes. Corolla white, with green maculae, 10-12 mm diam., rotate stellate, the lobes 4-5 mm long, lanceolate, with simple, eglandular trichomes abaxially and glan¬ dular trichomes adaxially, margins ciliate. Anthers ca. 1 mm long, basifixed, filaments ca. 1.5 mm long. Ovary ca. 1 mm long; styles with two sizes, in long- styled flowers ca. 3 mm long and in short-styled flowers ca. 1 mm long. Fruit subglobose, ca. 7 mm wide and ca. 6 mm high, thin pericarp, fruiting pedicels apically inflated and erect. Seeds ca. 10 per fruit, reniform, 3—4 mm long, with reticulate testa. The style length dimorphism, evident on all specimens of Aureliana angustifolia examined, also occurs in the other Aureliana species (Hunziker & Barboza, 1991). This character is common in the related genus Athenaea (Barboza & Hunziker, Novon 10: 187-189. 2000. 188 Novon Figure 1. Aureliana angustifolia Alm.-Lafetd (holotype). —A. Branch with flowers and fniits. —B. Bud. —C. Flower, adaxial view. D. Flower, abaxial view. —E. Calyx and pedicel. —F. Eglandular trichonie from the abaxial face of the corolla. —G. Trichome from the margin of the corolla. —11. Section of the corolla with two stamens. —I. Glandular trichonie from the adaxial face of the corolla. —J. Short-styled pistil. —I.. Long-styled pistil._M. Fruit. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Almeida-Lafeta Aureliana angustifolia from Brazil 189 1989) and several Solarium species. The lack of stigmatic papillae on the short style suggests that Aureliana angustifolia is an andromonoecious spe¬ cies. In the Solanaceae family, andromonoecy is widespread most notably in Solanum (Whalen, 1984). The type specimen was collected in fragmented secondary forest at 950 m, in light shade, from a population of scattered individuals. Aureliana an¬ gustifolia is restricted in distribution and until now has been collected only at two localities in Minas Gerais. The sympatric* taxon A. fasciculata (Vellozo) Sendtner var. fasciculata is disseminated through¬ out southeastern Brazil. Aureliana angustifolia is distinguished by its narrowly lanceolate leaves to 28 cm long, its brief, triangular calyx lobes, and subglobose fruits having a thin pericarp. The specific epithet refers to the leaf shape. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Vi^osa, 1934 (fl), Jose de Castro s.n. (VIC 1753); Juiz de Fora, Reserva Biol¬ ogica Santa Candida, 2 Nov. 1998 (fl). R. C. Almeida- Ixifetd 512 (CESJ, R); Reserva Biologica Santa Candida, 20 May 1999 (fl. fr), R. C. Almeida-Lafeta 525 (BHCB. CESJ, RFA, VIC); Reserva Biologica Santa Candida, 23 May 1999 (fl, fr), R. C. Almeida-Lafeta 526 (BHCB. CESJ. MO). Acknowledgments. I thank Lucia d’A. Freire de Carvalho of the Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro (JBRJ) and Joao Renato Stehmann of the Univer- sidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) for their advice and encouragement. I thank Leopoldo Krie- ger of the Centro de Ensino Superior de Juiz de Fora (CES) for the Latin description, the curators at BHCB, CESJ, R, RB, RFA, SP, and VIC for ac¬ cess to specimens, and Daniel Stockdell for revis¬ ing the English text. Literature Cited Barboza, G. E. & A. T. Hunziker. 1989. Estudios sobre Solanaceae XXIX. Sinopsis taxonomica de Athenaea. Bob Soc. Argent. Bot. 26(1—2): 91—105. Carvalho, L. d’A. F. & M. G. Bovini. 1995. Aureliana darcyi, a new species of Solanaceae from Brazil. Novon 5: 257-258. Hunziker, A. T. & G. E. Barboza. 1991. Estudios sobre Solanaceae XXX. Revision de Aureliana. Darwiniana 30(1—4): 95-113. Whalen, M. D. 1984. Conspectus of species groups in Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum. Gentes Herb. 12: 179-282. Two New Subspecies of Hibiscus trilobus (Malvaceae) from Central and South America Orland J. Blanchard, Jr. Department of Biology, Long Island University, C. W. Post Campus, Brookville, New York 11548, U.S.A. Paul A. Fryxell Plant Resources Center, Section of Integrative Biology, School of Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Hibiscus trilobus subsp. hirsutus from Belize and Guatemala is described as new, based on differences in pubescence, leaf form, and phy¬ togeography. The new combination H. trilobus subsp. ingratus is also made, based on H. ingratus Miquel. A key is provided to distinguish the three recognized subspecies. In preparing a treatment of the Malvaceae for Flora Mesoamericana, the second author became aware that one taxon that pertains to the area, here¬ in treated as a subspecies of Hibiscus trilobus Au- blet, did not as yet have a name. Although the plant was recognized as distinct by Blanchard (1976), who treated H. trilobus as comprising three subspe¬ cies from Surinam, the Caribbean (Jamaica, His¬ paniola, and Puerto Rico), and Central America (Belize and Guatemala), the names for these sub¬ species have not previously been effectively pub¬ lished. The present paper intends to rectify that omission and make the names available. Hibiscus trilobus subsp. hirsutus 0. J. Blanchard & Fryxell, subsp. nov. TYPE: Guatemala. Pe- t6n: La Libertad and vicinity, 10 May 1935, M. Aguilar 486 (holotype, NY; isotypes, F, F photo 56202, LL). Figure 1. Ab Hibisco trilobo subsp. irilobo et subsp. ingrato foliis minus profunde 3—5(raro 7)-lobis, indumento pilorum er- ectorum tenuium simplieium 2-4 mm longorum distin- guendus, pubescentia densissima hirsuta petiolis pedicel- lis bracteis involucralibus et calyci dimidio inferiore. Shrubs or subshrubs 2 to 5 m tall, the stems with stout, often bulbous-based prickles, simple hairs 3 to 4 mm long, and also longitudinal lines of smaller, denser hairs. Leaves cordate, crenate-serrate, up to 14 cm long, 15 to 17 cm wide, broadly and shal¬ lowly 3- to 5-angled or -lobulate (rarely 7-lobulate), acuminate, sparsely hirsute above and beneath with Novon 10: 190-192. 2000. simple hairs 1 to 3 mm long, these denser on prin¬ cipal veins; petioles 5 to 12 cm long, hirsute, with occasional prickles, and with the adaxial side densely puberulent; stipules subulate, 4 to 5 mm long, hirsute. Peduncles solitary in the leaf axils, shorter than to longer than subtending petiole, lacking prickles, densely hirsute, these patent hairs 3 to 4 mm long; involucellar bracts ca. 14, 14 to 16 mm long in flower, to 25 mm long in fruit, linear, hirsute; calyx 2 cm long in flower to 5 cm long in fruit, ± cylindric, prominently 20-ribbed, accres¬ cent (inflated) in fruit, densely hirsute (hairs 2 to 4 mm long and spreading), the shallow lobes acumi¬ nate; petals 5 to 11 cm long, pink (yellowish in sicco) with darker base; staminal column ca. half length of petals, the anthers purplish; styles 5, es¬ sentially glabrous, with capitate stigmas. Capsules 2 to 3.5 cm long, enclosed in persistent calyx, his¬ pid, these hairs 4 mm long; seeds 3.5 to 4 mm, short-pubescent, the hairs rusty-red. Two of the collections cited for Hibiscus trilobus subsp. hirsutus [Aguilar 486 and Proctor 30054) were originally distributed as Hibiscus diversifolius Jacquin, so additional duplicates of these collec¬ tions might be found in other herbaria filed under the latter name. The distribution of the three subspecies, as in¬ dicated in the following key, is mapped by Blan¬ chard (1976: 280, fig. 10), and a photograph of the holotype of H. trilobus subsp. hirsutus is reproduced (Blanchard, 1976: 346, fig. 43). Paratypes. BELIZE. Toledo, s.l., 25 Jan. 1929, Ste¬ venson 88 (F); Cayo, Chiquibul Forest Reserve, vicinity of Caracol Ruins, in ruined Mayan reservoir, 1500 to 1700 ft., 24 Apr. 1969, Proctor 30054 (IJ, LL, MO). GUATE¬ MALA. Peten: San Antonio, 13 km camino Libertad, Flo¬ res, 14 Feb. 1970, Tun OrtCz 713 (MICH. US). Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Blanchard & Fryxell Subspecies of Hibiscus trilobus 191 Figure 1. Hibiscus trilobus subsp. hirsutus 0. J. Blanchard & Fryxell. Left: maximally developed leaf (pubescence omitted); right: calyx at anthesis (above) and in fruit (below), showing the nature of the pubescence and the degree of accrescence. [Drawings based on Aguilar 486 (LL) and Proctor 30054 (LL). Drawn by P. A. Fryxell.] Hibiscus trilobus subsp. ingratus (Miquel) 0. J. Blanchard & Fryxell, stat. et comb. nov. Bas- ionym: Hibiscus ingratus Miquel, Linnaea 19: 143. 1847. TYPE: Surinam (“prope Paramar¬ ibo juxta rivulum”), Focke s.n. (lectotype, here designated, K). The three taxa treated in the key (below) are geo¬ graphically disjunct and morphologically distinct, but they are sufficiently similar that they are best grouped as subspecies of a single species. As pre¬ cedent, Kearney (1955, 1957) included material from the “West Indies, Guiana” in Hibiscus trilobus, evidently in reference to what is here treated as subspecies trilobus and subspecies ingratm, re¬ spectively. However, Kearney (1957) also distin¬ guished H. ingratus from H. trilobus anil cited the former as from “Guiana and perhaps in Brazil,” leaving the matter in some confusion. Blanchard (1988) published Hibiscus sect. Striati O. J. Blan¬ chard to include this species and H. striatus. Each of these two species comprises three subspecies. Specimens may be reliably keyed to H. trilobus us- 192 Novon ing the key in Kearney (1955) and to the subspe¬ cies of H. trilobus using the following key, which is slightly modified from Blanchard (1976: 199 in un¬ published dissertation). Blanchard distinguished the three subspecies of H. trilobus on characters of pubescence, leal shape, and size and number of involueellar bracts, as is indicated below. la. Pubescence on the calyx, pedicel, and young stem spreading-hirsute, the hairs 2 to 4 mm long; leaves 3 to 5 (to rarely 7)-angulate or -lobulate; Guatemala and Belize. . H. trilobus subsp. hirsutus lb. Pubescence on the calyx appressed to erect but never hirsute, the hairs of the young stem and pedicel short; leaves 3- to 5-lobed, the lobes acute to acuminate. 2a. Involueellar bracts 12 to 16 in number, 14 to 17(rarely 18) mm long in flower; leaves 3- or 5-lobed; Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico. H. trilobus subsp. trilobus 2b. Involueellar bracts 8 to ll(rarely 12) in number, 18 to 30 mm long in flower; leaves mostly 3-lobed; Surinam . . H. trilobus subsp. ingratus Acknowledgments. The curators of the herbaria cited (F, IJ, LL, MICH, MO, NY, US) are thanked for lending specimens in their care or for facilitat¬ ing visits to their herbaria. Literature Cited Blanchard, O. J., Jr. 1976. A Revision of Species Segre¬ gated from Hibiscus sect. Trionum (Medicus) De Can¬ dolle sensu lato (Malvaceae). Unpublished Ph.D. Dis¬ sertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. (Available from University Microfilms, 77-5723.) -. 1988. New sections in Hibiscus. Appendix 2, pp. 470-471 in: P. A. Fryxell. Malvaceae of Mexico. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 25: 1—522. Kearney, T. H. 1955. A tentative key to the North Amer¬ ican species of Hibiscus. Lead. W. Bot. 7: 274—284. -. 1957. A tentative key to the South American spe¬ cies of Hibiscus L. Leaf!. W. Bot. 8: 161-168. Mesoamerican Orchid Novelties 3 Robert L. Dressier Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A.; Florida Museum of Natural History; Marie Selby Botanical Gardens; Mailing address: 21305 NW 86th Ave., Micanopy, Florida 32667, U.S.A. Abstract. Five new Mesoamerican species are described in the orchid genera Chysis, Scaphyglot- tis, and Sobralia. Chysis addita Dressier (Chiapas) and C. orichalcea Dressier (El Salvador), described here, are allies of Chysis laevis Lindley with shorter and wider segments; C. addita has laminar keels and winglike extensions on the column foot; the predominantly yellow C. orichalcea has convex lat¬ eral lip margins. The new species Scaphyglottis bi- callosa Dressier (Costa Rica) has smaller, more nu¬ merous flowers than S. amparoana (Schlechter) Dressier and a higher, bilobed callus. Also new, Scaphyglottis monspirrae Dressier (Panama) has narrower leaves than S. punctulata (Reichenbach f.) C. Schweinfurth and a three-lobed lip. Another novel species, Sobralia purpurea Dressier (Costa Rica), has lanceolate leaves 1-2.5 cm wide and an intensely purple, oblong lip. The synonymy of Chysis bruennowiana Reichenbach f. & Warscewicz and the identity of C. tricostata Schlechter are dis¬ cussed. New combinations are published for Arpo- phyllum giganteum subsp. alpinum (Lindley) Dressier, A. giganteum subsp. medium (Reichen¬ bach f.) Dressier, and Scaphyglottis pachybulbon (Schlechter) Dressier. This paper continues the descriptions of new species found in the preparation of the Orchidaceae for Flora Mesoamericana and new combinations needed for that treatment (Dressier, 1997, 1998). New species are described in the genera Chysis, Scaphyglottis , and Sobralia , and new combinations are published in Arpophyllum and Scaphyglottis. Arpophyllum Arpophyllum giganteum Hartweg ex Lindley, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 4: 384. 1840. TYPE: Mexico. Between Tonatze and Talea, April, Hartweg s.n. (holotype, K-L). Arpophyllum giganteum subsp. alpinuin (Lind¬ ley) Dressier, comb. nov. Basionym: Arpophyl¬ lum alpinum Lindley, Benth. PI. Hartw.: 93. 1842. TYPE: Guatemala. In montibus Totoni- capan, Hartweg s.n. (holotype, K-L). Arpophyllum giganteum subsp. medium (Rei¬ chenbach f.) Dressier, comb. nov. Basionym: Arpophyllum medium Reichenbach f., Beitr. Orch.-K. C. Amer.: 89. 1866. TYPE: Guate¬ mala. Las Nubes, 9 I 1857, Wendland s.n. (ho¬ lotype, W). The genus Arpophyllum is a small group of very similar species, with little variation in flower structure. Correll (1947) recognized only two species, A. alpin¬ um and A. spicatum La Llave & Lexarza, differing in the length of the sepals, petals, and lip. Arpophyllum spicatum, the type of the genus, is quite distinctive in its thick, succulent leaves. As noted by Garay (1970, 1974), A. laxijlorum is also clearly distinct in its sub¬ entire lip and the puberulent surface of the ovaries. Garay recognized five species, with A. medium being intermediate between A. giganteum and A. alpinum. While the aspects of typical A. alpinum, A. gigan¬ teum, and A. medium are distinctive, there is much variation, with the limits between A. medium and the other two being unclear, though A. alpinum, of high elevations, cannot be confused with A. giganteum, of low elevations. As A. medium is intermediate between these and I find no feature that will consistently dis¬ tinguish it from either extreme, I am compelled to treat all three as subspecies of A. giganteum. Key to the Species and Subspecies oe Arpopryu.vm 1. Ovary and rachis sparsely glandular-puberu- lent, without black scales or trichomes. 2 1'. Ovary and rachis with prominent black scales and trichomes . 3 2(1). Leaves fleshy, canaliculate, cannot be flattened without breaking. . A. spicatum La Llave & Lexarza 2'. Leaves leathery, not canaliculate, easily flat¬ tened . A. laxijlorum Pfitzer 3(1). Lateral sepals 4—5 mm long; column less than 3 mm; leaves usually more than 2.5 cm wide; inflorescence 10-16 X 1.8-2.5 cm . . A. giganteum subsp. giganteum 3'. Lateral sepals 6—9 mm long; column usually 3 mm or more; leaves up to 2.5 cm wide; inflo¬ rescence either shorter or wider than above . . 4 4(3). Inflorescence 3-7 cm long . .4. alpinum subsp. alpinum No VON 10; 193-200. 2000. 194 Novon 4'. Inflorescence 6—10 cm. . A. alpinum subsp. medium Chysis The genus Chysis is generally scarce both in the field and in herbaria. Its scarcity in herbaria may be due, in part, to the thick pseudobulbs and the large, fleshy flowers. A further problem is that flow¬ ers pressed when old and wilted are slow to rehy¬ drate. Storing them in alcohol for two or three weeks may be necessary. Hooker (1861) felt the “structure of flowers, pseudobulbs, and foliage” of C. limminghei to be “identical with the others.” As far as known, all Chysis lips have three or five larg¬ er keels and usually two to several smaller, lateral keels. Paul Allen (1955), following Hooker and oth¬ ers, chose the keels as the primary feature in clas¬ sification and reduced Chysis to two species and several varieties, depending on the presence of 5 large and 2 smaller keels in C. aurea, or, in C. laevis, 3 large and 2 smaller keels. This system (Allen, 1955) ignores significant differences in the keels and in other features, but was used for many years, partly because so little material of the genus is available. The two new species described here are both allies of C. laevis, having thick pseudo¬ bulbs and smooth keels on the lip. Another plant, more similar to C. aurea and painted by Rodrfguez C., is also clearly undescribed, but I have seen no pressed material of the species (Rodrfguez C. et al., 1986). There are plants, apparently of this species, in cultivation, and I believe its description should wait until specimens are available. Chysis addila Dressier, sp. nov. TYPE: Mexico. Chia¬ pas: Cintalapa, epiphytic, moist ridge with Pinus, Quercus, and Liquidamtxir and Montane Rain Forest between Colonia Francisco I. Madero and Colonia A. Ldpez Mateos, elev. 1250 m, flowers yellow and maroon, 31 Dec. 1980, D. E. BreedUrve 49026 (holotype, CAS). Figure 1A-D. Chysis laevi Lindley similis sed segmentis brevioribus, latioribus, callo 3 lamellis instructo, pede columnae or- nato. Roots felty, 1.5—3 mm diam.; stems caespitose, more than 23 cm long, clavate, long-stipitate; leaves several, petioles 3-3.5 cm long, blades el¬ liptic, 18—20 X 3.2-4 cm, acuminate; inflorescence ca. 15 cm long, peduncle 12—13 cm long, rachis ca. 3 cm long, with 3 flowers (in type), floral bracts ovate, concave, acute or apiculate, ca. 9-10 X 4— 6 cm; ovary and pedicel 23 mm long; dorsal sepal narrowly obovate, obtuse, 25 X 13 mm; lateral se¬ pals oblong-ovate, apieally oblique, subacute, 22 X 16.7 mm; petals cuneate-obovate, falcate, 27 X 8— 10 mm; lip 3-lobed, 20 X 31 mm, base cordate, lateral lobes obliquely ovate, obtuse, 8-9 X 8 mm; midlobe broadly flabellate with raised veins, mar¬ gins undulate, 7 X 15 mm; base of lip glabrous, keels 3, not reaching base of inidlobe, basally low, distally forming 3 rounded lamellae 5-6 X 1.5-2 mm; column 12-13 mm long, column foot 10 mm long, with rounded lateral lobes near apex, with a small appendix or callus between column foot and base of lip. This species resembles C. laevis in having three large keels on the lip, but the keels are laminar, rather than thick and fleshy. The flower parts are all shorter and proportionately wider than in C. lae¬ vis. The most distinctive features of the species are found on the column foot. The foot has small, rounded wings beyond the middle, and distal to the wings there is a curious appendix between the col¬ umn foot and the lip. The epithet, addita, refers to this appendix or addition. This very distinctive spe¬ cies is known only from the type but should appear elsewhere in Chiapas and in Guatemala. Chysis orichaleea Dressier, sp. nov. TYPE: El Salvador. Cerro Los Naranjos, 1850 m elev.. Mar., F. Hamer 162 (holotype, AMES; isotype, SEL). Figure IE—G. Chysis laevi Lindley similis sed segmentis brevioribus, latioribus, labello rotundato differt. Roots felty-pilose, 1.5—4 mm diam.; pseudobulbs 20-26 X 2—3 cm, clavate. Leaves several, 10-40 X 2-7 cm (including short petioles), elliptic, acu¬ minate. Peduncle 12-20 cm, raceme 3-12 cm, sev¬ eral-flowered, floral bracts lance-ovate, acute, 12— 15 X 4—6 mm; ovary and pedicel 30-33 mm; flowers yellow or yellow-orange, sepals and petals marked with red stripes; dorsal sepal obovate-ob- long, obtuse, 26—32 X 10—13 mm; laterals falcate- Figure 1. A-I). Chysis addila Dressier (Breedlove 49026). —A. Perianth parts, flattened. —B. lateral view of column. —C, I). Two views of callus. E-G. Chysis orichaleea Dressier (Hamer 546). —E. Perianth parts, flattened. —F. lateral view of column. —G. Lip and callus, the near lateral lobe lost. —H. Chysis bruennowiana Reichenbach f. & Warscewicz (liquid material of cultivated plant), two views of callus. —I. Chysis tricostata Schlechter ( Horich 60-7-43), two views of callus. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Dressier Mesoamerican Orchid Novelties 195 1 cm 196 Novon Figure 2. A-C. Scaphyglottis bicallosa Dressier (Lankester 978). —A. Perianth parts, flattened. — B. Lateral view of column and lip. —C. Ventral view of column. D-F. Scaphyglottis amparoana (Schlechter) Dressier (Dressier 5577). D. Perianth parts, flattened. —E. lateral view of column and lip. —F. Ventral view of column. ovate, 23-27 X 11-14 mm; petals spatulate, fal¬ cate, 25-30 X 7-13 mm, blades obovate, obtuse; lip 15—19 X 25-30 mm, 3-lobed, lateral lobes ob¬ long, obtuse, ca. 11X9 mm; midlobe transversely oblong, ca. 10 X 11 mm, margins undulate, base broadly rounded, with 3 major keels and 2 much shorter, glabrous, apices rounded; column ca. 11 mm, with foot 7-8 mm. Chysis orichalcea also resembles C. laevis but differs in having shorter and wider perianth seg¬ ments and in the strongly convex lateral margins of the lip (when flattened). Like C. addita, this species has something of a callus at the tip of the column foot; a similar, though smaller, callus may some¬ times be found in C. laevis. The epithet orichalcea is derived from the Latin orichalcum, chalcopyrite or fool's gold. Though the flowers of this species are quite golden, it is not the real C. aurea, whose thick, puberulent, subequal keels diverge distally. Paratype. EL SALVADOR. Boquerdn del Volcdn San Salvador, forest No. slope, 1800 m elev., 31 Mar. 1976, Hamer 546 (AMES). Working Kky to Known Species of Chysis la. Base of lip pubemlent; major keels of lip 5, sub¬ equal or lateral keels shorter; base of lip tapering to point of attachment. 2a. Keels free, parallel, not forming large, raised callus. 3a. Keels thick, fleshy, diverging distally . C. aurea 3b. Keels laminar, not fleshy, parallel . . . . Rodriguez painting 2b. Keels united to form a large, raised, fleshy callus with porrect apex. 4a. Keels markedly unequal, 3 median keels much longer than 2 lateral keels, projecting forward 2-3 mm from distal attachment; pseudobulbs slender, 1—1.5 cm wide, flexible . C. bruennowiana 4b. Keels 5, subequal; pseudobulbs 1.5—4 cm thick, not flexible. 5a. Sepals and petals white; some floral bracts as much as 2.5 cm long, ovate, conspicuous; pseudobulbs clavate, distinctly stipitate . . . . C. bractescens 5b. Sepals and petals marked with pur¬ ple; floral bracts 10-15 mm long, inconspicuous; pseudobulbs oblong Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Dressier Mesoamerican Orchid Novelties 197 Figure 3. Scaphyglottis monspirrae Dressier (Dressier 5668). —A. Perianth parts, flattened. —B. Lateral view of lip and column. —C. Ventral view of column. 198 Novon or ellipsoid, sessile or short-stipi- tate . C. limminghei lb. Base of lip glabrous; major keels 3 or 5, mark¬ edly unequal if 5; base of lip broadly rounded or subtruneate. 6a. Appendix present between column foot and lip; column foot with distinct wings; keels laminar.C. addita 6b. Appendix lacking; column foot without wings or these minute, keels fleshy. 7a. Dorsal sepal 3.5-4 cm long; lateral lobes of lip distinctly shorter than mid¬ lobe, lateral margins straight or shallow¬ ly concave in basal 1/2 to 2/3 . . . C. laevis 7b. Dorsal sepal 2.6-3 cm long; lateral lobes of lip subequal to midlobe, lateral margins prominently convex throughout . C. orichalcea Chysis bruennowiana Reichenbach f. & War- scewicz, Bot. Zeit. 15; 157. 1857. TYPE: Peru. Warscewicz, cult. Briinnow (W). Chysis aurea var. maculata Hooker, Bot. Mag. 77: t. 4576. 1851. Chysis maculata (Hooker) Fowlie, Orchid Di¬ gest 35: 86. 1971. Syn. nov. TYPE: Colombia. Cult. Lucombe & Pince (K-L?). Chysis costaricensis Schlechter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 297. 1923. Syn. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Alajuela: Forets de San Ramon, alt. 1500- 1600 m, mai 1913, A. Tonduz 17631 (CR). The plants called Chysis costaricensis or C. ma¬ culata in Central America are indistinguishable from the South American C. bruennowiana, which is more similar to C. aurea Lindley than to the other named species of Central America (see Fig. 1H). Chysis tricostata Schlechter, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 123. 1923. TYPE: Cult. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem, “wahrscheinlich Central America” (B destroyed, Schlechter sketch at AMES). Though Fowlie (1971) published on Central American Chysis and interpreted plants from the Rfo Birris Canyon, in Costa Rica, as C. tricostata, none of his material was preserved. I have seen no good material of C. tricostata, but Schlechter’s sketch of the type specimen (AMES) agrees well with Fowlies characterization and with a flower from a Horich collection also from the valley of the Rfo Birris (MO accession 60-7-43, Fig. II). The absence of small lateral keels in addition to the three large keels in the Schlechter sketch of the type may be an oversight. I would prefer not to select a lectotype or a neotype without better ma¬ terial than is now available. Whether C. tricostata is an extreme form of C. laevis or a distinct species cannot be determined without more and better ma¬ terial. SCAPHYGLOTTIS The taxonomy of Scaphyglottis is in relatively good order because of Adams’s (1993) recent re¬ vision, but several novelties have appeared since the revision. Scaphyglottis bicallosa Dressier, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Cartago: Navarro, flowered at Las Cdncavas, 10 Apr. 1925, C. H. Lankester 978 (holotype, AMES). Figure 2A-C. Scaphyglottis amparoanae (Schlechter) Dressier similis, sed floribus minoribus et multioribus, labello pandurato- obovato, basi alte bicalloso differt. Epiphytic, to at least 45 cm tall; roots smooth, whitish, 0.5—1.5 mm diam.; basal stems 15—23 cm long, with several levels of superposed shoots de¬ creasing in size upward; stems stout but not pseu- dobulbous, to ca. 5 mm diam., basally covered by verrucose, tubular sheaths; leaves 2, apical, ligu- late, 9.5—21 X 0.7—1.2 cm, apically asymmetrically retuse; inflorescence terminal, from a cluster of sev¬ eral bracts, the bracts to 21 X 6 mm, the outer bracts verruculose; raceme 5-6 cm long, fractiflex, with 6-8 flowers; floral bracts 16-21 X 7-13 mm, elliptic, keeled, caducous; sepals and petals green¬ ish buff, lip white with chrome yellow blotch; ovary and pedicel 14—27 mm long; dorsal sepal elliptic, acute, 9-11.5 X 3.6-4 mm, keeled distally; lateral sepals elliptic-lanceolate, subacuminate, 10-12 X 3.4—3.7 mm, keeled distally; petals oblong or lan¬ ceolate-oblong, basally cuneate, apiculate, 8.5- 10.5 X 2.2—2.5 mm; lip 3-lobed, ca. 5 X 5.5 mm, basally short unguiculate, attached to column foot, sharply bent near base, the bend with 2 high calli, blade obovate, the lateral lobes ca. 1 mm long, mid¬ lobe transversely oblong, shallowly retuse, 2 X 5.5 mm; column ca. 5 mm long, arcuate, winged, with a prominent, concave foot, the free portion ca. 1.5 mm long, porrect and curving upward to base of lip. This species is closely allied to Scaphyglottis amparoana (Schlechter) Dressier, from which it dif¬ fers in the smaller, more numerous flowers, and es¬ pecially in the column foot and the base of the lip. In S. amparoana the column foot is porrect, and the blade of the lip is thickest basally, slightly sul- cate, and gradually thinner toward the apex (see Fig. 2D-F). In S. bicallosa the column foot bends somewhat upward and the base of the blade is bent upward and again downward, with a thick, two- parted callus at the bend. The proportions of the lip and column also suggest that these are distinct species. Noting that the description of Costaricaea Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Dressier Mesoamerican Orchid Novelties 199 amparoana (Sehlechter, 1923: 31) indicated rela¬ tively small flowers, Adams (1993) apparently feared that the material of S. bicallosa might actu¬ ally correspond to the type of S. amparoana. I have examined other specimens of S. amparoana from the type locality. La Palma de San Jose, and while they do have smaller flowers than most other S'. amparoana, they are larger than the flowers of S. bicallosa and they do not show the other distinctive features of that species. Schlechter’s sketch of the lip of S. amparoana (at AMES) suggests an imper¬ fectly rehydrated flower, hut the lip is still quite unlike that of S. bicallosa. Paratype. COSTA RICA. Cartago: La Fuente, 1200 m, 9 Apr. 1925, A. Alfaro 72 (AMES, US). Scaphyglottis monspirrae Dressier, sp. nov. TYPE: Panama. Darien: Cerro Pirre, elev. 1200-1400 m, 15-16 July 1977, R. L. Dressier 5668 (holotype, MO). Figure 3. Scaphyglottis punctulatae (Reichenbaeh f.) C. Schwein- furtli similis, sed foliis angustioribus, labello profunde tri¬ lobate differt. Epiphytic, 20—50 cm tall, with 2 or 3 levels of superposed shoots, with the stems decreasing in size upward; stems slender, not forming distinct pseudobulbs; roots 0.5—1 mm diam., whitish, smooth; basal stems 24—36 cm long, with striate sheaths bearing persistent leaf blades similar to the apical leaves; apical leaves 2, lanceolate-ligulate, tapering, narrowly retuse, 9—18.5 cm X 5-7 mm; sepals and petals brownish green, lip cream; ovary and pedicel 15—20 mm long; sepals elliptic or ob¬ long, acute, 9-9.5 X 2.3—3 mm; petals narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, acute, 9-9.5 X 1.7—4 mm; lip 3-lobed, 9—10 X 7—9 mm, with low U-shaped callus near base of blade, base articulate to column foot, broadly cuneate with erect margins, lateral lobes antrorse-triangular, rounded, 1 X 1.8 mm, midlobe subquadrate, subtruncate, 2.3 X 4.2 mm, verruculose; column 5—5.5 mm long, arcuate, winged distally, the wings rounded-triangular, somewhat antrorse, column foot prominent, ca. 1.5 mm long. The presence of well-developed leaves at mid¬ stem suggests a close relationship between S. mon¬ spirrae and S. punctulata (Reichenbaeh f.) C. Schweinfurth, and especially with the form of S. punctulata that occurs in central Panama, without pseudobulbs and with many persistent lateral leaves. The distinctly 3-lobed lip suggests affinity with S. triloba B. R. Adams. Such a relationship cannot be discounted, though S. triloba has much Table 1. A comparison of Scaphyglottis lindeniana and S. pachybulbon. S. pachybulbon S. lindeniana Stipe shorter than pseu- longer than pseu- dobulb, usually thick dobulb, slender Pseudobulb thickest basally subfusiform Leaves narrow, length wider, length = 3- = 6-10 X width 5 X width Lip widest below mid- middle subequal to die, white apex, green Base of lip (below bend) shorter than blade longer than blade wider leaves, a much narrower lip, and the lip and column foot are more distinctly “sigmoid" than in this or any other Scaphyglottis species, with the lip folding back on the column foot and then forward again on itself in a pronounced and compressed “Z." Both S. monspirrae and S. triloba are known from little material, and a more detailed comparison of the two must wait until better material is avail¬ able. The epithet, monspirrae, refers to the type lo¬ cality, Cerro Pirre. Scaphyglottis pachybulbon (Sehlechter) Dress¬ ier, comb. nov. Basionym: Hexadesmia pachy¬ bulbon Sehlechter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 17: 26. 1922. TYPE: Panama. C. W. Powell 229 (holotoype, B destroyed; iso¬ types, AMES, MO). Even with the removal of Scaphyglottis pachy¬ bulbon, of Costa Rica and western Panama, S. lin¬ deniana remains a variable species ranging from Mexico to Bolivia. John Atwood finds S. pachybul¬ bon to be sympatric with S. lindeniana in the area of Monteverde and considers them quite distinct (pers. comm.). Further, preliminary analyses of DNA suggest that S. lindeniana and S. pachybulbon are closely allied but distinct (Dressier, Williams & Whitten, in prep.). While no one feature is ab¬ solute in separating them, there are a number of features that, together, separate them quite well. The pseudobulbs are different in shape, the basal stipes are much shorter in S. pachybulbon, and the proportions of the lip are also distinctive. The only specimens about which I have any doubts are very poor or quite incomplete. The differences in pro¬ portion of both plant and flower are summarized in Table 1. 200 Novon SOBRAUA Sobralia purpurea Dressier, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. San Jos6: Carretera Interamericana Sur, km 39, Casa Mata, entrada a San Cristobal, 800 m, junio 1990, florecid en cultivo 19 Abril 1993, Dora E. Mora & Carlos Quirds s.n. (ho- lotype, USJ). Figure 4. Herba epiphytica vel terrestris, folia disticha, lanceo- lata, acuminata, flos terniinalis, singulis vel successiva, sepalurn dorsale oblanceolatum, sepala lateralia elliptico- lanceolata, labellum in basi convolution, lamina expansa subquadrato-oblonga, retusa differt. Plant ca. 1 m or more in height; leaves disti¬ chous, lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, 15-18 X 1.1-2.5 cm, sparsely lepidote beneath, texture pa¬ pery, with 9 major veins (including marginal veins), sheaths striate, glabrous; inflorescence terminal, bract cluster ellipsoid, 5.5-6 cm long, bracts stri¬ ate, sparsely lepidote distally; sepals oblanceolate, subobtuse, dorsal 7.5-8 X 2.1 cm, laterals 8.5-8.9 X 2-2.3 cm; petals narrowly ovate, subacute, 7— 7.9 X 2.3-3 cm; lip subquadrate oblong, 8.5-9.5 X 4.5- j 4.9, apparently without keels; midlobe 3.3 X 4.2 cm, deeply retuse, somewhat crisped; column 3.3 cm, clavate. This new species is distinctive in its narrow, cau¬ date leaves of rather thin texture, in the nearly smooth inflorescence bracts, and especially in the narrow, suboblong lip, which is described as being intensely purple, or “casi nazareno.” There is some uncertainty about the exact origin of the plant. One of the collectors remembers the plant as being found near Casa Mata, as recorded on the label, while the other remembers the plant as collected on the road between Empalme and Santa Marfa de Dota. So far, we have been unable to re-collect the plant in either area, but the plants should stand out when in flower. Acknowledgments. I am very much indebted to Stig Dalstrom for preparing the drawings of the new taxa, to Eric H&gsater and the staff of AMO for discussion of Arpophyllum and for the loan of useful material of Chysis, and to Roberto Gonz&lez Tamayo for help with the Latin diagnoses. Literature Cited Adams, B. K. 1993. A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Scaphyglottis Poeppig & Endl. (Orehidaceae-Epiden- droideae). Ph.D. Dissertation, Southern Illinois Univer¬ sity at Carbondale. Allen, P. H. 1955. A revision of the genus Chysis. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 24: 664—666. Correll, D. S. 1947. Some revisions of American orchids. Lloydia 10: 214-217. Dressier, R. L. 1997. Novedades en orqufdeas mesoam- ericanas—1. Orquideologfa 20: 253-265. -. 1998. Orchids of Mesoamerica 2, Cranichidinae. Bol. Inst. Bot. Univ. Guadalajara 5: 69-86. Dunsterville, G. C. K. & L. A. Garay. 1965. Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated, vol. 3. Andre Deutsch, London. Fowlie, J. A. 1971. Obscure species: Three distinctive species of Chysis from Central America. Orchid Digest 35: 85-87. Garay, L. A. 1970. Notas sobre el g6nero Arpophyllum y su ocurrencia en Colombia. Orquideologfa 5: 66-73. -. 1974. Sinopsis del g£nero Arpophyllum. Orquf- dea (M6x.) 4: 3-19. Hooker, W. J. 1861. Chysis aurea var. lemminghei. Bot. Mag. Tab. 5265. Rodriguez C., R. L, D. E. Mora, M. E. Barahona & N. H. Williams. 1986. G^neros de orqufdeas de Costa Rica. Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jos£. Schlechter, R. 1923. Beitrage zur Orchideenkunde von Zentralamerika. II. Additamenta ad Orchideologiam Costaricensem. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 1- 307. Three New South American Species of Randia (Rubiaceae, Gardenieae) Claes G. R. Gustafsson Botanical Institute, Systematic Botany, Box 461, 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden. claes.gustafsson@systbot.gu.se ABSTRACT. Three new species of South American Randia (Rubiaceae, Gardenieae) are described and illustrated: Randia wigginsii Standley ex Gustafs- son from montane tropical forests in Ecuador and northern Peru is mainly recognized by its tomentose to velutinous corolla tube and the lanate-velutinous pedicels and fruits. The possible features of being unarmed and having single male flowers are dis¬ cussed. Randia pubistyla Gustafsson from lowland tropical dry forests in western Ecuador and Colom¬ bia is recognized by its puberulous style, the to¬ mentose to puberulous fruits that usually are crowned by a calyx with reflexed lobes, and by the small thorns. Randia longifolia Gustafsson from lowland tropical humid forests in western Ecuador is mainly recognized by its relatively large, gla¬ brous corolla, the linear calyx lobes, and by the reticulate finer vasculature on the abaxial surface of the leaves. The affinities for each species are discussed. Randia is a neotropical genus of approximately 90 species ranging from ea. 30°N to 30°S. In South America and the Caribbean there are approximate¬ ly 45 species. The genus is represented by shrubs, trees, and lianas in deciduous and evergreen veg¬ etation from sea level to about 3300 m elevation. Randia can be recognized from other members of the Gardenieae by the following combination of characters: dioecious (female flowers with nonfunc¬ tional stamens, male flowers with a nonfunctional stigma and rudimentary ovary), pollen in permanent tetrads, a unilocular ovary with two parietal pla¬ centas, fruits with many discoid seeds embedded in a sweet pulp that turns dark when dry, thorns, and conspicuous short-shoots with clustered stip¬ ules and leaves. There are, however, exceptions. Monoecious and hermaphroditic species have been reported (Lorence & Dwyer, 1987; Burger & Taylor, 1993), pollen in dyads or monads have been re¬ ported (Burger & Taylor, 1993), some species are unarmed (Burger & Taylor, 1993; pers. obs.), and sometimes the short-shoots are less conspicuous (Burger & Taylor, 1993; pers. obs.). Within the ge¬ nus there is also variation in the structure of the inflorescence. The inflorescences are usually ter¬ minal but sometimes axillary or cauliflorous (Burger & Taylor, 1993). Female flowers are usually solitary but sometimes in fascicles of 2 to 8 flowers (Burger & Taylor, 1993). The male flowers are usually in fascicles with a few to several flowers but some¬ times form cymes with many flowers (Lorence & Nee, 1987; Lorence & Dwyer, 1987) and are some¬ times solitary. This large variation makes it difficult to understand which genus has the closest affinities to Randia. Robbrecht and Puff (1986) discussed that all genera in Gardenieae with pollen shed in perma¬ nent tetrads may represent a natural group. This gained support in a phylogenetic analysis by Pers- son (1996) but was contradicted by Andreasen and Bremer (1996, in press) and Persson (in press), who discussed that pollen in tetrads may have arisen several times in Gardenieae. In Persson’s (1996) analysis Casasia gained support as sister to Ran¬ dia, but the later mentioned analyses did not point out any strongly supported sister to Randia. Other neotropical genera that in these analyses (Andreas¬ en & Bremer, 1996, in press; Persson, in press) grouped together with Randia and Casasia as pos¬ sible relatives were Rosenbergiodendron, Sphinc- tanthus, and Tocoyena. Sphinctanthus and Tocoyena were not included in the analyses by Andreasen and Bremer (1996, in press). In this group the ge¬ nus with the morphologically nearest affinities to Randia is Casasia by being dioecious and having pollen in tetrads. Lorence (1986) and Lorence and Dwyer (1987) discussed the morphological features in Casasia and Randia and also expressed doubt (Lorence & Dwyer, 1987) whether Casasia can be maintained as a valid genus. More phylogenetic studies in Gardenieae need to be done in order to find the monophyletic group to which Randia be¬ longs. The taxonomical work in Randia is complicated by the intraspecific variation in size and shape of leaves, calyx lobes, degree of pubescence, persis¬ tence of stipules and calyx, and number of thorns. No VON 10: 201-208. 2000. 202 Novon Extensive collecting in the Neotropics in the last 50 years has dramatically increased the number of herbarium specimens available, facilitating our un¬ derstanding of the genus. Even so, several species are still unsatisfactorily collected with only a single or a few flowering specimens collected or none at all. During the course of a revisionary study of South American and Caribbean representatives of Randia (Gustalsson, in progress) collections rep¬ resenting a number ol undescribed species have been encountered, three of which are described be¬ low. Randia wigginsii Standley ex Gustafsson, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Loja: along Rfo Juntas, about 14—15 km S of San Lucas, ca. 2000 m, 10 Oct. 1944, /. L. Wiggins 1099 (holotype, F; isotype, NY). Figure 1. Species insignis habitu arbore 4—10(-16) m alta, flori- bus solitariis pedicellatis, pedicellis et ovariis et calycum tubis lanato-velutinis, corollarum tubis 3^4 mm diam. to- mentoso-velutinis, corollarum lobis ciliatis, fructibus 4-5 X 3^4 cm longis, velutinis, a congeneris distincta. Trees 4—10(—16) m high, dioecious. Leaf branch- lets velutinous when young, glabrous when old, un¬ armed. Stipules fused at base, on long shoots not seen, persistent on brachyblasts, broadly to narrow¬ ly triangular, 5—12 X 3—6 mm, acute at apex, outer surface minutely verruculose, glabrate, inner sur¬ face with hairs and colleters at base, margin ciliate to glabrous. Petioles 5—17 X 1—2 mm, velutinous. Leaf blades subcoriaceous, broadly elliptic to ob- ovate, 8—13(—17) X 4-7(-8) cm, shortly acuminate at apex, cuneate to shortly attenuate at base, ad- axial midrib and secondary nerves slightly to dis¬ tinctly impressed, tertiary veins slightly impressed to plane, veinlets plane, abaxial midrib and sec¬ ondary nerves prominent, tertiary veins slightly el¬ evated to level, veinlets level, adaxial leaf surface puherulous on midrib, otherwise glabrous, abaxial leaf surface toinentose to velutinous all over or mainly on midrib and secondary veins, margins gla¬ brous. Flowers unisexual. Male flowers solitary, pedicels 10—30 X 1-1.5 mm, lanate-velutinous. Calyx tube 1-2 mm long, lanate-velutinous exter¬ nally, with a ring of hairs at base internally, lobes 5, narrowly triangular to narrowly elliptic, 9-14 X 1-2 mm, acute at apex, pilose externally, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs internally, margins membranaceous, ciliate. Corolla white, salverform; tube 15-18 X 3-4> mm medially, tomentose to ve¬ lutinous externally, pilose in upper half internally, glabrous below; lobes 5, broadly elliptic to subor- bicular, ca. 12—14 X 11-12 mm, obtuse at apex, glabrous externally, pilose toward base internally. margins ciliate; anthers sessile, ca. 10 mm long, dorsifixed in lower third, attached distally in the widened part ol the corolla tube, connective pro¬ cess minute or absent; style glabrous, nonfunctional stigma lobes ca. 4 mm long; ovary rudimentary. Fe¬ male flowers not seen. Pedicels of fruit 10-25 X 1.5-3 mm, glabrate; fruits broadly ellipsoid to sub- spherical, 4^5 X 3-4 cm, surface with slightly el¬ evated veins, densely velutinous when young, fruit wall ca. 1 mm thick, apex umbonate, persistent ca¬ lyx lobes similar to those of male flowers in shape, size, and pubescence, seeds irregularly discoidal, 10—14 mm diam., imbedded in pulp. Distribution and habitat. This new species is found in montane tropical forest from 1500 to 2250 m in Ecuador and northern Peru. The only two flow¬ ering collections examined (Wiggins 10996, Espi¬ nosa 1919) were collected in August and October. Randia wigginsii is easily recognized by the sol¬ itary, pedicellate, male and female flowers; by the flowering pedicel, ovary, and calyx tube being la¬ nate-velutinous; by the tomentose to velutinous co¬ rolla tube 3^4 mm in width; by the ciliate corolla lobes, and by the quite large velutinous fruit (4-5 X 3^4 cm). Useful vegetative characters are the petiolate, subcoriaceous leaves with glabrous ad¬ axial sides (apart from the midrib) and slightly to distinctly impressed midrib and secondary veins. The abaxial sides are tomentose to velutinous (at least on vasculature) and have prominent midrib and secondary veins. Randia wigginsii is here described as unarmed by assumption, as no thorns have been found on the studied material, and no mention of being armed is mentioned on the specimen labels. The only two male flowering specimens examined had solitary flowers, which is unusual in Randia. Fur¬ ther collecting will reveal if this is the true state for R. wigginsii. The closest relatives are probably found among a small group of undescribed montane species (Gustafsson, in prep.) with large fruits, pu¬ bescent leaves, and small pubescent flowers. The name Randia wigginsii was written on the here designated holotype by Paul C. Standley but was never published by him. Paratypes. ECUADOR. Chimborazo: canyon of Rfo Chanch4n, ca. 5 km N of Huigra, 15(X>—2(XX) m. Camp 3316 (MO. NY, S, US). El Oro: Guayquichuma, 03°49'S, 79°34'W, 1600 m, Cornejo & Bonifaz 6022 (GB, GUAY); San Antonio, E of Zaruma, 2100-2200 m, Espinosa EI9I9 (F, NY). Loja: 25 km Catamayo—Catocha, turnoff at Las Chinchas 2.3 km toward Pinas, 03°57’21"S, 79°29'07"W, 2250 m, Jorgensen et al. 1464 (GB); Cerro de Celica, 2.7 km on Celica-Guachanam^ road, 04°05'46''S, 79°56'45"W, 2250 m, Jorgensen et al. 96 (GB). PERU. Piura: Huancabamba, Canchaque, Cerro Chorro Blanco, Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Gustafsson New South American Randia 203 204 Novon 1500—1900 m, Diaz S. & Baldedn 2455 (GB), 1600 m, Diaz S. et al. 2779 (GB). Randia pubistyla Gustafsson, sp. nov. TYPE: Ec¬ uador. Guayas: 15 km E of Guayaquil, Cerro Mirador de los Monos, 02°10'S, 79°58'W, 200 m, 26 Feb. 1992, D. Rubio & W. Palacios 2439 (holotype, GB; isotypes, MO not seen, QCNE not seen). Figure 2. Species Randiae hebecarpae Bentham affinis, sed stylis puberulis, fructibus majoribus ad 2.5 X 2 cm diam., spin- is parvis ad 0.5 cm longas, foliis majoribus 7—16 X 4.5— 10 cm differt. Shrubs to small trees to 6 m high, deciduous, dioecious. Leaf branchlets tomentose when young, later glabrate, thorns 1 or 2 at base of brachyblast, the thorns short, only to 5 mm, straight to slightly deflexed. Stipules fused at base, persistent on long shoots, narrowly to broadly triangular, 4-6 X 2-3 mm, aristate to mucronate at apex, outer surface tomentose, inner surface with hairs and colleters at base, stipules on braehyblasts persistent, broadly triangular to suboblong, 3-8 X 2-A mm, obtuse to mucronate at apex, outer surface minutely verru- culose, with many parallel veins, glabrous, inner surface with hairs and colleters at base, margin mi¬ nutely ciliate. Petioles 2-8 X 0.5—1 mm, tomentose to puberulous. Leaf blades papery, broadly elliptic, 7-16 X 4.5-10 cm, shortly acuminate to acumi¬ nate, sometimes apiculate at apex, attenuate at base, all veins on adaxial side ± plane, abaxial midrib and secondary veins prominent, tertiary veins less prominent to plane, veinlets plane, retic¬ ulate, adaxial leaf surface glabrous or with scat¬ tered hairs on midrib, abaxial leaf surface tomen¬ tose to puberulous when young, glabrescent, the hairs on midrib and secondary veins more persis¬ tent, blade margins ± ciliate. Flowers unisexual. Male inflorescence in fascicles of 2 to 8 flowers, pedicels 4—8 X 0.3-0.5 mm, tomentose. Calyx tube to 0.5 mm long, pilose externally, glabrous inter¬ nally, lobes 5, irregularly linear-oblong, 3-7 X 0.3- 1.5 mm, acute to shortly acuminate at apex, gla¬ brous or pilose toward base externally, glabrous internally, margin fimbriate to ciliate. Corolla white, salverform, tube 9-13 X ca. 1.0 mm medially, dis- tally widened, pilose externally, pilose internally but glabrous toward base, lobes 5, oblong to broad¬ ly obovate, 5—9 X 4—7 mm, obtuse to rounded at apex, ± pilose externally, glabrous internally but basally pilose, margin glabrous; anthers sessile, 2- 3 mm long, dorsifixed in lower third, attached dis- tally in the widened part of the corolla tube, con¬ nective process absent; style puberulous, nonfunc¬ tional stigma lobes ca. 1 mm long; ovary rudimentary. Female flowers not seen. Pedicels of fruit 5—8 X 1.0-2.0 mm, glabrate; fruits subspher- ical to ellipsoid, ca. 2-3 X 1.8-2.5 cm, tomentose when young, later becoming puberulous, yellow when mature, fruit wall ca. 0.5 mm thick, calyx reflexed and persistent; seeds irregularly discoidal, 5.0—9.0 mm diam, imbedded in pulp. Distribution and habitat. Randia pubistyla is found in lowland tropical dry forests in western Co¬ lombia and western Ecuador. The only three flow¬ ering collections examined (Brand 1082, Haught 4792, Rubio & Palacios 2439) were collected in February (Ecuador) and April (Colombia). Randia pubistyla is characterized by the puber¬ ulous style and the tomentose to puberulous fruit, which is often characteristically crowned by the al¬ most free, reflexed calyx lobes. The small (only to 0.5 cm long) thorns on the branchlets, together with the usually reticulate venation of the broadly ellip¬ tic leaf blades, are useful vegetative characters. It is similar to Randia hebecarpa Bentham, a species found in northeastern South America, in size and pubescence of the flowers and leaf shape, but that species has a smooth style, distinctly smaller fruit (to 1.5 cm diam.), larger thorns (0.5-1.6 cm long), and smaller leaves (3.0-6.5 X 1.2-2.7 cm). Paratypes. COLOMBIA. Antioquia: La Playona, 15 km from Turbo, 10 Mar. 1958, Hernal 10 (COL 2 sheets); Mun. de Arboletes, 5 km S of Arboletes on rd. to Turbo, 08°49'N, 76°27'W, 0-50 m, Zarucchi et al. 4940 (F, K, MO, NY); Turbo, hills near Rfo Mulatas, 300 m. Haught 4792 (COL. US); rd. Tapbn del Daridn, sector Rfo Le6n- Ixmias Aisladas, km 37, 0-50 m, Brand 1212 (COL. MO), Brand 1082 (COL, MO); Corrto. Currulao, new Antioquia rd. E-NE of Turbo, 11 km from Cumilao, 0-50 m. Callejas et al. 4966 (MO 2 sheets, NY). Choco: Mun. de Rfosucio, vicinity of El Salto de Tilupo, corrto. Tilupo. Romero-Cas- laheda 6246 (COL); Parque Natural Nacional, Los Kdtyos, Rfo Peye rd. to Tilupo, 0-100 m, Ledn 470 (COL); Los Kdtyos, lilupo, 250—350 m, l^edn 492 (COL); ascent to El Alto de Lim6n. 250-300 m, Ledn 430 (COL, MO); Peye, rd. to El Alto del Lim6n, 50—2(X) m, Ledn & Forero P. 1795 (COL, MO). ECUADOR. Esmeraldas: ca. 7 km SW of Sua. 00°51'N, 78°58'W, 50 m, Webster 22822 (MO); Cerro Mutiles, 00 54 S, 79°37’W, 2(X)—300 m, Cornejo & Bonifaz 5262 (GB, GUAY), \lanahi: 5 km from Jama on rd. to Pedemales, 00°10'N, 80°14'W, 50 m, Cornejo & Bonifaz 5836 (GUAY). Guayas: Bosque protector Parafso, 02 I2'S, 79°57'W, 200 m, Cornejo & Bonifaz 1364 (GB, GUAY), 150 m, 5598 (GB, GUAY); Cerro Azul, W of Gua¬ yaquil, Asplund 15402 (S); Cerro Azul, 200 m, Harling 4839 (S); Cerro Azul. 02°08'S, 79°59'W. 400-500 m, Cor¬ nejo & Bonifaz 2926 (GB, GUAY); Cerro Azul, 10 km NW of Guayaquil on rd. to Salinas, 50-1 (X) m, Dodson & Thien 527 (MO); Cerro Azul, Cordillera Chong6n-Colonehe, be¬ hind Cemento Nacional, 12 km W of Guayaquil, Canyon of Canoa, 02°15’S, 80°(X)'W, Gentry & Josse 72348 (GB); Chong6n, Hacienda Cerro Azul, 300-500 m, Hading et al. 9509 (GB); Cantdn Guayaquil, Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco, 15 km on rd. to Salinas, 02°10'S, 79°58'W, 350 Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Gustafsson New South American Randia 205 Figure 2. Randia pubistyla Gustafsson. —A. Fruiting branch, female specimen. —B. Thoms. —C. Stipules from short-shoot. —D. Short-shoot with male inflorescence. —E. Male flower bud. —F. Calyx of male flower, opened. —G. Male corolla, opened. —H. Style. —1. Detail of style. — J. Detail of persistent calyx on fruit. A-B, Hading 4822 (S); C— D. Rubio & Palacios 2439 (GB); E—I. Haught 4792 (COL); J, Cornejo <£ Bonifaz 5598 (GB). 206 Novon m, Rubio et al. 1770 (GB, GUAY), 1810 (GB, GUAY), 300 m. Rubio el at. 1993 (MO, GUAY), 02°10'S, 79°50'W, 100 m, Tipaz et al. 839 (GB, GU AY); 13 km on rd. to Salinas, 02°10'S, 79°58'W, 350 m, Rubio & Tipaz 2383 (GB); along Sendero Buenavista above visitor center, 02°10'S, 79°58'W, 250 m, Neill & Nuitez 10512 (GB), 02°10'S, 80°10'W, 3(X)-4(X) rn. Neill & Nunez 10662 (GUAY); Re- serva Keologfa Churute, Cerro Cimaldn, 02°25'S, 79°38'W, 50-100 m, Cornejo & Bonifaz 5126 (GB, GUAY); Rfo Daule below Pichincha, Hacienda Santa Bar- barita. Hurling 4822 (S). Randia longifolia Gustafsson, sp. nov. TYPE; Ec¬ uador. Los Rfos: Hacienda Clementina, 200 m, 27 Jan. 1947, G. Marling 186 (holotype, S). Figure 3. Species Randiae carlosianae K. Krause affinis, sed cor- ollis majoribus, corollarum tubis 30-40 mm longis, cor- ollarum lobis 20—25 mm longis, calycis lobis anguste triangularibus ad linearibus 1.0-2.0 mm latis, venis par- allelis numeris differt. Shrubs to small trees to 6 m high, dioecious. Leal branchlets puberulent when young, hairs ± erect, unarmed. Stipules fused at base, persistent on long shoots, narrowly triangular, 12-15 X 2^1 mm, acu¬ minate to acute at apex, with many parallel veins, glabrous externally, with hairs and colleters at base internally, margin ciliate, stipules persistent on brachyblasts, broadly triangular to narrowly trian¬ gular, ca. 2—10 X 2—4 mm, acute to mucronate at apex, with many parallel veins, verruculose, gla¬ brous externally, with hairs and colleters at base internally, margin ciliate. Petioles 3-6 X 0.8-1.2 mm, puberulent. Leaf blades papery, obovate, (11- )13-21 X 4-8(-9) cm, shortly acuminate at apex, shortly attenuate at base, adaxial midrib impressed at base, otherwise all veins ± plane, abaxial midrib and secondary veins prominent, smaller veins less prominent, reticulation evident, adaxial leaf surface glabrous, minutely tuberculate, abaxial leaf surface puberulous on midrib, secondary and tertiary veins, margin ± ciliate. Flowers unisexual. Male inflores¬ cence in fascicles of 2 to 6 flowers, pedicels 5—10 X ca. 1 mm, puberulent. Calyx tube to 0.5 mm long, glabrate externally, glabrate with a few basal hairs internally, lobes 5, narrowly triangular to lin¬ ear, 10-15 X 1—2 mm, acute at apex, with parallel venation, glabrous to puberulent throughout, mar¬ gins ± ciliate; corolla white, salverform, tube 30— 40 X 2.0-4.0 mm medially, distal part widened, glabrous externally, puberulent in upper part, gla¬ brous below internally, lobes 5, ovate to broadly elliptic, ca. 20-25 X 10 mm, subacute at apex, glabrous or with a few small hairs externally, gla¬ brous or with a few basal hairs internally, margin glabrous; anthers sessile, ca. 6.0 mm long, dorsifix- ed in lower third, attached distally in the widened part of the corolla tube, connective process absent; style glabrous, nonfunctional stigma lobes ca. 5.0 mm long; ovary rudimentary. Female flowers not seen. Pedicels of fruit 2.0-10 mm X ca. 2.0 mm. Fruits ellipsoid, 3-4 X 2.5-3 cm, puberulous when young, glabrescent, yellow when mature, fruit wall ca. 1 mm thick, persistent calyx erect; seeds irreg¬ ularly discoidal, 7—10 mm diam., imbedded in pulp. Distribution and ecology. This species is known only from the rapidly diminishing lowland tropical humid forests in western Ecuador. The two sole flowering specimens examined (Harling 186, Cor¬ nejo & Bonifaz 880, unicates) were collected in late November and January. Randia longifolia is recognized by the relatively large, glabrous corolla and by the long, almost free, characteristically linear calyx lobes with parallel venation. The fruits are usually crowned by a per¬ sistent erect calyx. On the abaxial surface of the leaves, finer vasculature makes the reticulation ev¬ ident. Randia longifolia might be confused with R. car- losiana K. Krause, another species occurring in the same area, by the similar fruits and large leaves, but that species differs by being armed, by having smaller corollas with tubes 20—26 mm long and lobes 10—14 mm long, and by usually having foli- aceous, obovate calyx lobes (broader than 2 mm) with usually reticulate venation. Randia longifolia is here described as unarmed by assumption, as no thorns have been found on the studied material and no mention of being armed is mentioned on the specimen labels. Paratypes. ECUADOR. Esmeraldas: Cerro Mutiles, (K)°54'N, 79°37'W, 250 m, Cornejo & Bonifaz 5185 (GB, GUAY). Manabi: Vuelta larga, 00°45'S, 80°50'W, 200 m, Bonifaz 837 (GB, GUAY); rd. Portoviejo—Pichincha, 3 km E of San PHcido, 150-200 m, Harling & Andersson 24888 (GB). Los Rios: Hacienda Clementina. 200 m, Fagerlind & Wibom 2650 (S); Hacienda Clementina, Cerro Samama, above Rfo Mombe, ca. 38 km NE of Babahoyo, Ol^O’S, 79°22'W, 200-400 m, Stdhl & Knudsen 1182 (GB); Jau- neche, 70 km on rd. Quevedo—Palenque via Mocachi, Cantdn Vinces, 1(X) m, Dodson et al. 7993 (MO), Dodson & Gentry 9883 (MO, US); Jauneche, rd. Mocachi-Pal- enque, 15 km E on rd. Empalme-Balzar, 50-lfX) m, Dod¬ son et al. 14461 (MO, NY); near Piehilingue, 50-100 m, Jdtiva & Epling 307 (NY, S). Guayas: Rfo Ayampe, Cerro El Burro, 01°41 'S, 80°40 ' W, Cornejo & Bonifaz 880 (GUAY); Bosque Protector Cerro Blanco, 02°10'S, 79°58'W, 400 m, Cornejo & Bonifaz 1783 (GB. GUAY). El Oro: between Piedras and Moromoro, 300 m, Escobar 746 (MO). Acknowledgments. I am grateful to the curators of the following herbaria for making their collec¬ tions available for study: COL, F, GB, GUAY, K, Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Gustafsson New South American Randia 207 Figure 3. Randia longifolia Gustafsson. —A. f lowering branch, male specimen. —B. Fruiting branch, female spec¬ imen. —C. Stipules, small stipule (left) from base of short-shoot, large stipule (right) from long-shoot. —D. Male flower bud. —E. Male flower. —F. Calyx of male flower, opened. —G. Male corolla, opened. —H. Style. A. Harling 186 (S); B. Bonifaz 837 (GB); C-H, Hading 186 (S). 208 Novon MO, NY, S, US. Special thanks are due to the cu¬ rators ol GUAY, MO, and QCNE who sent several collections as gifts. I thank Pollyanna Lidmark for preparing the excellent illustrations and Lennart Andersson for providing useful comments on the manuscript. Literature Cited Andreasen, K. & B. Bremer. 1996. Phylogeny of the sub¬ family Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae). Opera Bot. Belg. 7: 119- 138. - & -. In press. Combined phylogenetic anal¬ ysis in the Rubiaceae-lxoroideae: Morphology, nuclear, and chloroplast DNA data. Amer. J. Bot. Burger, W. & C. M. Taylor. 1993. Rubiaceae. In: W. Bur¬ ger (editor). Flora Costaricensis. Fieldiana Bot., n.s. 33: 1-133. | Randia, pp. 279—289. | 1 .orence, D. H. 1986. Glossostipula (Rubiaceae), a new genus from Mexico and Guatemala. Candollea 41: 453- 461. - & J. D. Dwyer. 1987. New taxa and a new name in Mexican and Central American Randia (Rubiaceae, Gardenieae). Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47: 37^48. - & M. Nee. 1987. Randia retroflexa (Rubiaceae), a new species from southern Mexico. Brittonia 39: 371- 375. Persson, C. 1996. Phylogeny of Gardenieae (Rubiaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 121: 91-109. -. In press. Phylogeny of Gardenieae (Rubiaceae) based on chloroplast DNA sequences from the rps 16 intron and fmL(UAA)—F (GAA) intergenic spacer. Nor¬ dic J. Bot. Robbrecht, E. & C. Puff. 1986. A survey of the Garden¬ ieae and related tribes (Rubiaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 108: 63-137. New Taxa and Combinations in Eleutherococcus (Araliaceae) from Eastern Asia Kim, Chul Hwan and Byung-Yun Sun Faculty of Biological Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Korea Abstract. While preparing a monographic study of Eleutherococcus, we discovered the three new taxa, E. brachypus var. omeiensis, E. huangshanen- sis, and E. pseudosetulosus, described here. In ad¬ dition, three new combinations, E. divaricatus var. chiisanensis, E. pilosulus, and E. pubescens, are pro¬ posed. Eleutherococcus Maximowicz (1859, emend. C. H. Kim & B.-Y. Sun) is an endemic Asian genus with about 35 species distributed mainly in north¬ eastern Asia including China, Korea, and Japan, with some members also extending to southwestern Asia (Kim, 1997). The genus Acanthopanax (De- caisne & Planchon) Witte was initially recognized as a subgenus of Panax L. by Decaisne and Plan¬ chon (1854) and raised to generic rank by Witte (1861). Harms (1894) combined the two genera, and adopted the name Acanthopanax, which has since been widely used by many botanists. How¬ ever, Acanthopanax does not have priority and is therefore illegitimate under current ICBN nomen¬ clature (Greuter et al., 1994). Some recent authors (e.g., Hu, 1980; Ohashi, 1987; Hsu & Pan, 1993) have therefore transferred taxa from Acanthopanax to Eleutherococcus. Plants of Eleutherococcus are shrubs and are characterized by the presence of prickles, five-mer- ous flowers with two to five carpels, and palmately compound leaves. The genus as a whole is highly variable resulting in much taxonomic confusion (Kim, 1997). For example, E. koreanus Nakai was distinguished from E. senticosus (Ruprecht & Max¬ imowicz) Maximowicz based on its unarmed twigs. However, examination of specimens from various regions has shown this character to be merely in¬ cluded within the limits of natural variation among individuals. While preparing a monographic study of Eleutherococcus, we found three new taxa and describe them here: E. brachypus var. omeiensis, E. huangshanensis, and E. pseudosetulosus; three new combinations are also made: E. divaricatus var. chi¬ isanensis, E. pilosulus , and E. pubescens. Eleutherococcus brachypus (Harms) Nakai var. omeiensis C. H. Kim & B.-Y. Sun, var. nov. TYPE: China. Sichuan: Omei Hsien, Mt. Omei, 10 Oct. 1940, T. C. Lee 3794 (holotype, US; isotype. A). Foliola 3, terminalia foliola elliptiea, glabra; terminales petioluli ca. 1 cm longi, glabri. Flores cum pedicellis ar- ticulatis. A hermaphroditic shrub to 2 m tall; stems erect, glabrous. Leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets elliptic, some¬ what chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, sec¬ ondary veins 3 to 5 pairs, the apex obtuse or acu¬ minate, the margin entire, the base cuneate; petiole 0.5 cm long, glabrous; terminal leaflets 2-4 X 1- 1.5 cm, petiolule relatively long, ca. 1 cm; lateral leaflets somewhat smaller than terminal ones, ses¬ sile or short-petiolulate. Inflorescence of umbels ar¬ ranged in a simple cyme at the end of long branch¬ es of the current year’s growth, rarely at the end of short branches, glabrous; pedicel articulated at up¬ permost part, 1—1.5 cm long, glabrous. Calyx 5- toothed; petals 5; stamens 5; carpels 5, style united into a single column, stigma indistinctly 5-lobed, ca. 1 mm long; ovary 2 mm long. Fruit unknown. This variety is thus far known only from Mt. Omei, Sichuan, China, from which the epithet was derived. The typic variety occurs in Gansu, Shanxi, and Shaanxi in China. Eleutherococcus brachypus var. omeieusis differs from other members of the genus by its articulation in the uppermost part of the pedicel. This variety is also distinguished from the typic variety in having a long (ca. 1 cm) peti¬ olule on the terminal leaflet. Other features are the same and hence we recognize it as a variety of E. brachypus. Eleutherococcus divaricatus (Siebold & Zuccar- ini) S. Y. Hu var. chiisanensis (Nakai) C. H. Kim & B.-Y. Sun, comb, et stat. nov. Basion- ym: Acanthopanax chiisanensis Nakai, J. Ar¬ nold Arbor. 5: 5. 1924. TYPE: Korea. Cheju- do: in silvis Yongsil 1000 m, E. Taquet 890 (lectotype, selected here, C; isolectotypes. A, E). Novon 10: 209-214. 2000. 210 Novon Eleutherococcus divaricatus var. chiisanensis dif¬ fers from the typic variety in having setose tri- chomes on its abaxial leaf surface rather than ex¬ clusively sericeous indumentum. In variety chiisanensis, these setose trichomes are often mixed with sericeous ones in varying degrees. Other mor¬ phological features are the same, and hence we rec¬ ognize this taxon as a variety of E. divaricatus. It is endemic to the Korean peninsula, whereas the typic variety occurs in Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu in Japan and Shanxi, Henan, and Zhe¬ jiang in eastern China. Among the syntypes (E. Ta¬ quet 890, E. Taquet 889, E. Taquet 5660, and T. Nakai 369), the first, here selected as the lectotype, has relatively well-preserved leaf indumentum and distinct pedicels in umbels, which are diagnostic characters. Representative specimens. KOREA. Cheju-do: in sil- vis Yongsil l(KX) m, 17 Aug. 1918, E. Taquet 889 (A, C, E, TI); in silvis Yongsil 1 2 mm long; corona lobes (free part) > 1 mm long with the apices converging above sta¬ minal column, distinctly laterally flattened and sharp-edged at dorsal side, broadened only at the very base below the anther wings .... . S. drepanoloba 6b. Corolla lobes < 2 mm long; corona lobes < I mm long and not con¬ verging above staminal column, somewhat laterally flattened but dorsally rounded. .S. dequairei 4b. Leaves with midrib only visible when dry; staminal corona lobes arched but ± dorsi¬ ventrally flattened toward apex. 7a. Corolla lobes ± evenly thick to margin and valvate, with inner surface covered with white (when dry) fine papillae; co¬ rona lobes longer than staminal column . S. glaberrima 7b. Corolla lobes becoming thinner toward margins and with left margins slightly overlapping, not finely papillate; corona lobes ± equaling staminal column . . . . S. schatzii Literature Cited Klackenberg, J. 1992. Taxonomy of Secamone s. lat. (As- clepiadaceae) in the Madagascar Region. Opera Bot. 112: 1-127. -. 1997. Secamone rnarsupiata Klack. (Asclepia- daceae, Secamonoideae), a new species from Madagas¬ car. Candollea 52: 301—304. -. 1998. Secamone drepanoloba, a new species of Asclepiadaceae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 120: 119-120. A New Species of Gagnebina (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) from Madagascar Melissa Luckow Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. David Du Puy Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, United Kingdom ABSTRACT. A new species of Gagnebina from northern Madagascar, G. bakoliae Luckow & Du Puy, is described and illustrated. The new species is most similar to G. bernieriana, and shares with it features such as resting buds, dehiscent fruits, and pollen in 16-celled polyads. Gagnebina bako¬ liae differs from G. bernieriana in having the pinnae decrescent both apically and basally, the petiole densely tomentose adaxially but glabrous abaxially, and pods somewhat larger and darker in color. Recent fieldwork in Madagascar by the authors has led to the discovery of a new species of Gagnebina. This genus is known from some six species, all of which are endemic to Madagascar and the nearby Comoros and Mascarene Islands. Traditionally cir¬ cumscribed by indehiscent, winged fruits, Gagnebina was expanded by Lewis and Guinet (1986) to include any species with linear anthers. This involved the re¬ assignment of several species that had previously been included in the closely related genus Dichrosta- chys. Both genera have staminodial flowers at the base of the inflorescence and centers of diversity in Mad¬ agascar. Recent cladistic analyses by the first author (Luckow, 1995) indicated that Gagnebina should fur¬ ther expand to encompass all those species with linear or subulate stipules if it was to be monophyletic. An¬ other character correlated with stipule morphology, ami mentioned by Lewis and Guinet (1986), is lack of the brachyblasts that characterize species of Di- chrostachys and Alantsilodendron. In contrast, the spe¬ cies of Gagnebina discussed herein possess resting buds with perules. This may characterize the genus as a whole, although further work is needed to dem¬ onstrate that resting buds are present in all species in the genus. Gagnebina bakoliae Luckow & Du Puy, sp. nov. TYPE: NW Madagascar. Antsiranana: Route Na- tionale 6, ca. 25 km NE of Ambilobe, near vil¬ lage of Ambilomagodro, close to Ankarana Mas¬ sif, 49°07'E, 13°01'S, 220 m, 17 Nov. 1992, G. P. Lewis , D. Du Puy & B. D. Schrire 2141 (ho- lotype, K; isotypes, BH, P, TAN). Figure 1. Gagtiebinae bemierianae (Baillon) Luckow similis, sed pe- tiolo et raehkle dorsaliter glabris, ventraliter tomentosis, pin- nis in rachide non valide accrescentibus, fructibus 10 cm usque longis et atrobadiis, et antheris ovato-sagittatis diversa. Spindly shrub or small tree 2-5 m tall; young branches angled, pubescent on the edges with curly or spreading golden hairs; older branches terete, with smooth, mottled gray bark; brachyblasts ab¬ sent, but resting buds present with 6 to 8 perulate scales, 5-6 X 1.5—2 mm, ovate, striate with raised nerves, glabrous, stramineous. Stipules dimorphic, those on the leaves formed just after the resting bud breaks oblong, 4-5 X 1.5—2 mm, acute apically, striate, stramineous, similar in color and texture to the resting bud scales, deciduous; stipules gradu¬ ally becoming subulate distally on the branch, 6- 9 X 0.5 mm, ± persistent, present on most flow¬ ering and fruiting branches. Leaves 6—12 cm long, the petiole, rachis, and pinnae adaxially tomentose with gray or stramineous hairs, abaxially glabrous, petiole 0.8-2 cm long, rachis (4)6-10 cm long; nec¬ tary 1.5 mm diam., sessile, crateriform, orbicular, borne between the proximal pair of pinnae, often between the terminal pair and sometimes between other pairs; pinnae (10)15 to 20(25) pairs per leaf, decrescent at both ends, 2—A cm long, the axis usu¬ ally forming a subulate point 1—2 mm beyond the insertion of the terminal pair of leaflets; leaflets 40 to 60(70) pairs per pinna, 2-3 X 0.35-0.5 mm, linear-falcate, acute, truncate-oblique basally, gla¬ brous, sometimes ciliate, the nearly centric midvein visible on the dorsal surface. Peduncle 2—3 cm long, sparsely puberulent, in fruit becoming (2—)4— 7 cm long, stout, woody; inflorescences axillary, one or, more frequently, two per node, each a congested spike of 40 to 75 flowers, 1—2 cm wide, the rachis 2.5-3 cm long, the proximal flowers sterile, the dis¬ tal fertile. Bracteoles subtending each flower 1.5 mm long, carinate, linear, deciduous, ciliate, 1- nerved. Sterile flowers 7 to 20 per inflorescence, calyx shallowly cupulate, 0.5—1 mm long, constrict¬ ed at the base to form a minute pedicel, the 5 lobes Novon 10; 220-223. 2000. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Luckow & Du Puy Gagnebina bakoliae from Madagascar 221 Figure I. Gagnebina bakoliae Luekow ck l)u l’u\. —A. flowering branehlet. —B. Leaf with close-up of petiolar nectary. —C. Longitudinal section of fertile flower. —I). Fertile flower. —E. Sterile flower. —F. Infructeseence. —G. Seed. Bars = 1 cm in A. B. F: 1 mm in G. D. E; 2.5 mm in G. obtuse, centrally veined, eiliate, cream-white; pet¬ als 5, distinct, 1.5—2.5 mm long, lanceolate, mem¬ branous, 1-nerved, glabrous, cream-colored; sta- minodia 10, 1-1.5 cm long, white, filamentous. Perfect flowers with a perianth like that of the ster¬ ile flowers but larger, calyx 1—1.5 mm long, petals 2—3 X 0.7—1 mm; stamens 10. the filaments ex- serted 5-6 mm beyond the petals, anthers ovate- 222 Novon Figure 2. —A. Polyad of Gagnebina bakoliae. —B. Single grain from polyad of G. bakoliae. —C. Polyad of G. bernieriana. —D. Single grain from polyad of G. bernieriana. —E. Polyad of G. myriophylla. —F. Single grain from polyad of G. myriophylla. Bars = 20 pm in A, C. E; 5 fun in B, D, F. sagittate, nearly basifixed, eglandular, light yellow; ovary 1—1.5 mm long, sessile or short-stipitate, densely white-pilose, style 6—7 mm long, stigma porate. Pods 1 to 4 per peduncle, sessile, 5-10 X 0.7-1.2 cm, woody, lanceolate, acute at both ends, each valve 1.5—2 mm thick, the sutural ribs 1.5—2 mm wide, the replum 6—8 mm wide at the center, sunken between the ribs and often splitting diago¬ nally over the seeds on old pods; seeds 6 to 12 per pod, obliquely inserted, 7-9 X 5-6 mm, ovate- rhomboidal, castaneous, pleurogram nearly com¬ plete, endosperm thin. Distribution. Northern Madagascar, Ankarana, in dry deciduous woodland and riverine forests, usu¬ ally bordering streams, on limestone outcrops and rocky soils, 90-220 m. Phenology. Flowering November, fruiting March. Common names. Hazomburona, Famoha; wood used for building houses. This species is named in honor of our friend and colleague at the University of Antananarivo, Bak- olimalala Rakouth. Gagnebina bakoliae is inter¬ mediate in some characters between G. bernieriana Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Luckow & Du Puy Gagnebina bakoliae from Madagascar 223 and G. myriophylla (Baker) G. P. Lewis & Guinet. The new species and G. bemieriana have both been grown from seed in the greenhouses at Cornell, and they are found to differ consistently in the following characteristics. The pinnae of G. bemieriana are strongly accrescent, with the distal pair 3—4 times as long as the proximal pair. In contrast, the distal pinnae of Gagnebina bakoliae are decrescent (Fig. 1). The petiole and rachis of G. bakoliae are dense¬ ly tomentose adaxially but nearly glabrous abaxi- ally, whereas the petiole and rachis of G. bernieri- ana are pubescent (but not usually tomentose) throughout. Although pod sizes overlap in their overall ranges, pods of G. bakoliae are on average larger than those of G. bemieriana (7—10 cm vs. 5— 7 cm, respectively). The seeds of G. bakoliae are also larger (7-9 mm vs. 5—6 mm). The apex of the valves of G. bakoliae is often nearly symmetrically acute, while that of G. bemieriana is strongly asym¬ metrical. The fruits also differ in color: those of G. bakoliae are a deep chocolate-brown; those of G. bemieriana a lighter golden-brown. Although flow¬ ers and inflorescences of the two species are very similar, the anthers of G. bemieriana are oblong- sagittate whereas those of G. bakoliae are ovate- sagittate. Gagnebina bakoliae can also be confused with G. myriophylla, especially in fruiting condition. Gag¬ nebina myriophylla is known only from northwest¬ ern Madagascar in the Sambirano region. The an¬ thers of this species are linear and bear a terminal apiculus. The fruits are very similar to those of G. bakoliae, but are somewhat smaller (4—6 cm long) and thicker. Because Lewis and Guinet (1986) had found pol¬ len to be a useful character in Gagnebina, we ex¬ amined several pollen samples from the three spe¬ cies using scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 2). The pollen of G. bakoliae is usually in 16-celled polyads, although occasionally 12 to 20 grains per polyad were observed (Fig. 2a). The exine is coarsely reticulate and tricolporate (Fig. 2b). It is most similar to that of G. bemieriana, which also has a 16-celled polyad but a more irregularly re¬ ticulate exine and colpi either obscure or non-polar (Fig. 2c, d). The pollen of G. myriophylla (Fig. 2e, f) is quite different, with rugulate exine and vesti¬ gial central syncolpi. Paratypes. MADAGASCAR. Anlsiraiianu: Besabo- ba, near Ankarana, on Rte. 6, 13 Mar. 1993, 47. Luckow 4225 (BH, k); Ankarana Special Reserve. 14 Mar. 1993, M. Luckow 4231 (BH. K). Acknowledgments. This work was supported by National Geographic grant 5800-96 and NSF grant DEB-9726981 to M. Luckow. We thank Bente King for the drawing, the Missouri Botanical Garden Madagascar Program for logistical support, ANGAP for collecting permits, and Bill Dress for the Latin diagnosis. Literature Cited Lewis, G. P. & Ph. Guinet. 1986. Notes on Gagnebina (Leguminosae—Mimosoideae) in Madagascar and neigh¬ bouring islands. Kew Bull. 41: 463^470. Luckow, M. 1995. A phylogenetic analysis of the Dichros- tachys group (Mimosoideae: Mimoseae). Pp. 63—75 in M. D. Crisp & J. J. Doyle (editors). Advances in Le¬ gume Systematics, part 7: Phylogeny. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Three New Brazilian Species in the Genus Marcetia (Melastomataceae, Melastomeae) Angela Borges Martins Departamento de Botanica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6109, 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brasil, amartins@unicamp.br. Current address until 31 August 2000: Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park. San Francisco, California 94118-4599, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Three new species of Marcetia are de¬ scribed and illustrated. Marcetia semiriana occurs only in Serra do Cipo, Minas Gerais. Marcetia she- pherdii, collected in Marau, at sea level, and M. lychnophoroides, from Chapada Diamantina, are both endemic to Bahia. The new species Marcetia shepherdii and M. lychnophoroides , together with M. luetzelburgii Markgraf, constitute a group of closely related species. They share in common subcoria- ceous, fleshy, imbricate to subimbricate, revolute leaves. Marcetia shepherdii is distinguished by its rigid, erect branchlets, yellowish green leaves that are glabrous on the adaxial surface, unappendaged and broadly dilated connectives, linear-oblong the¬ cae with a ventrally inclined pore, and a unique 2- locular ovary. Marcetia lychnophoroides has veluti- nous to sublanate branchlets, cinereous-green leaves that are densely puberulous-sericeous on the abaxial surface, unprolonged and inconspicuously bilobulate connectives, and a 3- or 4-loeular ovary. Marcetia semiriana is very similar to M. taxifolia (A. Saint-Hilaire) DC., differing in the prostrate branches, long pedunculate flowers, and straight anthers. Marcetia is a neotropical genus of 27 species largely endemic to Brazil. Except for the wide¬ spread Marcetia taxifolia , which has a bicentric distribution in eastern Brazil and northwestern South America (Colombia, Venezuela, and Guyana), all other species of Marcetia have restricted distri¬ butions. Marcetia species are usually shrubs or subshrubs that occur in campo rupestre in the Serra do Espinhago, Minas Gerais, in the mountains of Goi&s, and especially in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Campo rupestre is an exclusively Brazilian complex mosaic of vegetation types characterized by extensive outcrops of highly acidic rocks, nutri¬ ent-poor soils, and local variations in topography, slope, aspect, and moisture regime. A few Marcetia species occur in both montane and littoral areas. such as M. ericoides (Sprengel) 0. Berg ex Cogniaux and M. canescens Naudin. Marcetia shepherdii is the only species in the genus that is endemic to coastal Bahia, where it occurs in the sandy vegetational formation commonly referred to as restinga. The ge¬ nus Marcetia can be distinguished within the tribe Melastomeae mainly by the combination of tetram- erous flowers and simple anthers that lack basally prolonged connectives (except in M. shepherdii) and, in some species, may have short ventral tu- berculate appendages. Three of the species studied in my taxonomic revision of Marcetia (Martins, 1989) are new. They are described and illustrated here. Marcetia shepherdii A. B. Martins, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Bahia: Marau, 4 km de Marau, 12 Mar. 1977 (fl, fr), G. J. Shepherd, L. S. Ki- noshita, J. B. Andrade & A. Taroda 4550 (ho- lotype, UEC). Figure 1. Haec species Marcetiae luetzelburgii affinis. sed ab ea loliis arete adpressis sessilibus revolutis dense imbricatis internodia brevia occultantibus, ramis basin versus den- udatis, conspicue annul is foliorum delapsorum praeditis, lamina Inliari supra glabra in sicco flavovirescenti, stam- inurn filamentis ter longioribus, antheris apice rotundato ventral iter minute dehiseenti atque ovario biloculari dif- fert. Erect subshrub ca. 60 cm, compactly branched; branchlets rigid, subterete to inconspicuously qua¬ drangular, moderately puberulous or nearly gla¬ brous, at the base defoliating with age and with conspicuous leaf scars. Leaves opposite, sessile, appressed, densely imbricate and concealing the short internodes; blade lanceolate-ovate, 2.5—3 X 1 mm, fleshy-coriaceous, basally cordate, apically recurved and mucronulate, margins revolute, gla¬ brous on the adaxial surface, glandular-pubescent abaxially, obscurely 1-nerved. Flowers 4-merous, subsessile, solitary in upper leaf axils resembling a terminal foliaceous spiciform inflorescence, becom- Novon 10: 224-229. 2000. 3 mm Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Martins New Brazilian Marcetia 225 Figure 1. Marcetia shepherdii A. B. Martins. —A. Flowering branch. —B. Leaves, abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) surfaces. —C. Branchlet apex. —D. Antipetalous stamen (left) and antisepalous stamen (right). —E. Ovary and style. —F. Petal. —G. Hypanthium with bibracteolate pedicel and calyx. (A—G drawn from Shepherd et al. 4550.) 3mm 226 Novon ing axillary by overtopping growth; bracteoles ca. 1 mm long, similar to the leaves; hypanthium cam- panulate, 2-2.5 mm long, glabrous; calyx lobes tri¬ angular, ca. 1 mm long, with acute to subrotund apex, glabrous, minutely glandular-ciliolate at the margins; petals obovate-oblong, 6—6.5 X 1.5—2 mm, pink to lavender, base shortly attenuate, apex acute; stamens subisomorphic, the antisepalous slightly longer; filaments 9-10 mm; thecae ca. 3.5 mm, linear-oblong, straight, with a small ventrally inclined pore, the connective shortly prolonged and broadly dilated below the thecae, ± continuous with the filament, unappendaged. Ovary superior, 2.5 mm long, glabrous, 2-locular; style 10-12 mm long, glabrous; stigma not expanded. Capsule ellip¬ tic, flattened, 2.5—3 mm long, enveloped by hypan¬ thium and calyx; seeds cochleate, ca. 0.5 mm long, numerous, testa tuberculate. This species is named after George J. Shepherd, Professor of Botany at UNICAMP (Universidade Estadual de Campinas), who collected the type and only known collection of this species. Sterile plants of Marcetia shepherdii closely re¬ semble M. luetzelburgii Markgraf. Marcetia she¬ pherdii has rigid, erect branchlets, while in M. luetzelburgii the branchlets are more flexuous. The leaves, which are superficially similar in these two species, are much more appressed in M. shepherdii than in M. luetzelburgii. In M. shepherdii they are glabrous on the upper surface and yellowish green. Useful morphological characters in distinguishing these two species can be also found in the stamens and ovary. Marcetia shepherdii has much longer fil¬ aments (9-10 mm) than M. luetzelburgii (2-3 mm). In the new species the connectives are unappen¬ daged, shortly prolonged, broadly dilated below, and the thecae are linear-oblong and rounded at the apex, with a small ventrally inclined pore. Its ovary is 2-locular, a unique feature in this genus where the usual condition is a 4- to 3-locular ovary. In contrast, Marcetia luetzelburgii has linear-trian¬ gular thecae with a beaked, dorsally inclined apex, a staminal connective that is barely prolonged with ventral appendages, and a 3-locular ovary. The distribution ol Marcetia shepherdii is appar¬ ently confined to Marau, Bahia. The only available specimen was collected at sea level, on a “mata de restinga” border. The species may be rare as only one specimen has been collected. However, this coastal region of Bahia, which is experiencing widespread destruction, is still poorly known bo- tanically. Marcetia lychnophoroides A. B. Martins, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Bahia: Caet£-Agu, Cach- oeira Glass, 30 June 1983 (fl), L. Paganucci de Queiroz 702 (holotype, HUEFS; isotypes, ALCB, SP). Figure 2. Haec species ad Marcetiam shepherdii et M. luetzelbur- gii foliis confertis crasse coriaceis satis revolutis accedit, autem ab ambabus non solum foliis longioribus et habitu robustiore, sed etiam antherarum connectivorumque forma maxime distincta. Erect much-branched shrub 1-1.3 m; branchlets subterete to obscurely quadrangular, densely cov¬ ered with velutinous to sublanate or sericeous tri- chomes, cinereous to canescent, glabrescent and defoliating with age at the base, the leaf scars con¬ spicuously alveolate. Leaves opposite, sessile, sub- appressed and densely imbricate; blade lanceolate- ovate, 8—10 X 2—2.5 mm, cinereous-green, subcoriaceous to fleshy coriaceous, base rounded to subcordate, apex shortly blunt-acuminate, margins totally revolute, sparsely puberulous and obscurely striolate on the adaxial surface, densely puberu- lous-sericeous abaxially, 1-nerved. Flowers 4-mer- ous, subsessile, solitary, in upper leaf axils, resem¬ bling terminal foliaceous spiciform inflorescences, pedicels ca. 0.5 mm; bracteoles naviculate, 3-4 X 1 mm, similar to the leaves, the margins strongly revolute; hypanthium oblong-campanulate, ca. 4 mm long, moderately puberulous; calyx lobes linear to narrowly triangular, ca. 4 X 1 mm, apex acu¬ minate, puberulous beneath; petals obovate, 7—8.5 X 3-4 mm, lavender, base attenuate, apex sub- abruptly acute; stamens slightly dimorphic in size, antisepalous ca. 9 mm, antipetalous ca. 8 mm; the¬ cae 4-4.5 mm long, linear-oblong with a small ven¬ trally inclined pore, the connective not or slightly prolonged and inconspicuously bilobulate ventrally at base; ovary oblong, 3- or 4-locular, superior, gla¬ brous; style 15 mm, glabrous; stigma not expanded. Capsule 4—5 mm long, enveloped by the tardily ca¬ ducous hypanthium and calyx; seeds cochleate, ca. 0.6 mm long, numerous, testa tuberculate. Marcetia lychnophoroides belongs to an informal group of species that includes M. shepherdii and M. luetzelburgii. All of these species share subcoria¬ ceous to fleshy, densely imbricate, one-nerved leaves with margins that are uniformly revolute. Distinguishing characters of the new species in¬ clude its velutinous to sublanate branchlets, longer leaves, anthers, and connectives. Marcetia lychnophoroides differs notably from M. shepherdii in its 3- or 4-locular ovary, and unpro¬ longed or slightly prolonged connective that is mi¬ nutely bilobulate at the base. In M. shepherdii the Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Marlins New Brazilian Marcetia 227 Figure 2. Marcetia lychrwphoroides A. B. Martins. —A. Flowering branch. —B. Leaves, abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) surfaces. —C. Branchlet apex. —D. Antipetalous stamen (left) and antisepalous stamen (right). —E. Ovary and style. —F. Petal. —G. Hypanthium and calyx. (A—G drawn from Paganucci de Queiroz 702.) 228 Novon Figure 3. Marcetia semiriana A. B. Martins. —A. Flowering branch. —B. Leaf, adaxial surface. —C. Petal, adaxial surface. —D. Antipetalous stamen (left) and antisepalous stamen (right). —E. Ovary and style. —F. Bud showing hypanthium with bibrateolate pedicel and calyx. (A-F drawn from Daniel & Hensold 2294.) Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Martins New Brazilian Marcetia 229 ovary is 2-locular with the connective consistently prolonged. The two species also differ markedly in distribution and habitat. Marcetia shepherdii is presently known only from the restinga vegetation, at sea level, while M. lychnophoroides is endemic to the campos mpestres on the higher mountains of Chapada Diamantina, in interior Bahia. Marcetia lychnophoroides differs from M. luetzelburgii by its longer anthers that are linear and lacking the tu¬ bular dorsally inclined apex that characterizes M. luetzelburgii. The epithet lychnophoroides emphasizes the sim¬ ilarity of sterile individuals of this species to some species in the genus Lychnophora Martins (Aster- aceae). The Greek words lychnis for lamp, phorus for bearing, and oides for resembling were joined to describe the branching habit of the plant, which looks like a candelabra. Datatypes. ItK \Z11.. Baliia: Barra da Ksliva. 9 km an sol da eidade. estrada para Ituayu. I3°24'S. 14 lo'W. 1 1 > Oct. 1988 (fr). R. 1/. Ilarley 2692.4 it F.C); I’almeiras. proximo a Caete-Ayii. Caehoeira da Fuinaya (Glass). II Oct. 1987 (fr). Paganucci de Oueiroz 1 955 (\UCB. CF- PFC. I. HUH. Ill FIS. K. NA. Kli. SI’, t KG. I S). Marcetia semiriana A. B. Martins, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Santana do Riacho, rocky slopes in the vicinity of Alto dos Pala¬ cios along the road from Chapeu do Sol to Concei^ao do Mato Dentro in the Serra do Gipo, elev. ca. 1200-1400 in, 14 Feb. 1982 (H. fr), T. Daniel & A. Hensold 2294-CFCR 2700 (liolotype, SPF; isotypes, GAS, l EC). Figure 3. Harr species primo aspect o Marcetiae taxifoliae similis scd ah ea caulc prostrato. fforihus longe pcdunculatis. staminum filament is stvlis<|ue hreviorilms et antfieris ree- lis dilfert. Fax or diffuse subshrub 15—20 cm tall; branches subquadrangular, flexuous, prostrate, the young branchlets, leaf blades on both surfaces, hypanthi- uin, and calyx lobes sparsely puberulous-glandular. Leaves subsessile; petiole 0.7—1.2 mm long; blade oblong-elliptic 6—10 X 2—6 mm, membranous, flat, base subrounded-obtuse, apex obtuse short-acu¬ minate, margins glandular-ciliolate, 3- to 5-nerved. Flowers 4-merous, solitary' in upper leal axils; ped¬ icels ca. 1 mm long; peduncles 4—5 mm long; brac- teoles 4—5 X 1.5—2 mm, similar to the leaves, ob¬ scurely 3-nerved; hypanthium narrowly campanulate, 2—3 mm long; calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate to tri¬ angular, 2.5—3 X 0.5—0.8 mm; petals broadly ob- ovate to elliptic 7—8 X 5—6 mm, lavender to pink, base attenuate, apex obtuse-apiculate usually with a single gland-tipped hair; stamens isomorphic with straight anthers, thecae oblong, 2—3 mm long, with a small ventral-terminal pore, the connective slight¬ ly prolonged, ventrally minutely bilobulate at the base; ovary elliptic, 2.5 mm long, superior to slight¬ ly attached to the hypanthium at the base, 4-locu- lar, glabrous; style 6—7 mm, glabrous; stigma not expanded. Capsule 3.5—4 mm, covered by the per¬ sistent hypanthium and calyx; seeds cochleate, 0.4 mm long, numerous, testa tuberculate. Marcetia semiriana is named for my friend and colleague Joao Sernir, Professor of Botany at UNI- CAMP, who was my initial mentor in my studies of the Melastomataceae. Marcetia semiriana can be confused with flat¬ leaved specimens of M. taxifolia, the only species in the genus that grows sympatrically with M. se¬ miriana. The widespread M. taxifolia is quite var¬ iable, and several forms can be distinguished on the basis of foliage characters alone. None display the prostrate habit, long peduncles, shorter fila¬ ments and style, or smaller straight anthers of M. semiriana. Marcetia hatschbachii A. B. Martins, en¬ demic to Grao-Mogol in Minas Gerais, resembles M. semiriana, but can be separated by a lew con¬ stant characters. Of these the most significant are features similar to those distinguishing M. semiri¬ ana from M. taxifolia. In addition, 47. hatschbachii is distinguished from M. semiriana by the ventral location of the anther pores and the petiolate leaves. Haratypes. BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Munieipio cfe Santana do Riacho. \. 1 1 da Lagoa, 22 Feb. 1986 (II. fr), C.hukr el al. s.n.. (.FSC 9024 (SPF); Serra do Gipo. Km 132. 21 \pr. 1950 ((I. fi), Duarte 2047 (US); Kodovia Belo Horizonte-Alto do Palacio, eaminho para a Gachoeira, 16 Jan. 1988 III). Y /.. Menezes & I'. Morales s.n.. CFSC 10Ho2 (SPF. I FG). Acknowledgments. I thank Frank Almeda for reviewing the manuscript, Eduardo Kickhofel for preparing the line drawings, and FAPESP (Funda- yao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo) for the doctoral grant. I Jterature Cited Martins. \. B. 1989. Revisao Taxonomiea do Genero Mar¬ cetia PC. (Melastomataceae). Tese de Poutorado [un¬ published thesis|, Universidade Estadnal de Campinas, Sao Paulo. Griffinia alba (Amaryllidaceae), a New Species from Northeastern Brazil Kevin D. Preuss and Alan W. Meerow* University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33314, U.S.A. ^Corresponding author. Current address: USDA-ARS-SHRS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, Florida 33158, U.S.A. Abstract. Griffinia alba is described as new from Tapera, Pernambuco, in northeastern Brazil. It is most similar to the type species for the genus Griffinia, G. hyacinthina, which is known from the states of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo in south¬ eastern Brazil. It differs from this species by its cuneate leaf bases, and more numerous, entirely white flowers with longer pedicels and narrower te- pals. Griffinia alba is the first white-flowered spe¬ cies to be described in subgenus Griffinia. RESUMO. Griffinia alba 6 descrita como uma nova espdeie do municfpio de Tapera, Pernambuco, Brasil. Griffinia alba 6 mais semelhante na forma k G. hyacinthina, que 6 encontrada nos estados do Rio de Janiero e Sao Paulo. Difere desta pela base cuneada da folha, flores inteiramente brancas mais nuinerosas com pedicelos mais longos, e tepalas mais estreitas. Griffinia alba 6 a primeira Griffinia com flores cor de branco descrita no sobgenero Griffinia. The most recent taxonomic treatment of the ge¬ nus Griffinia Ker Gawler (Amaryllidaceae) recog¬ nizes six species (Traub & Moldenke, 1949). How¬ ever, since that time the genus Hyline Herbert, composed of two species, has been reduced to a subgenus of Griffinia (Ravenna, 1969), and an ad¬ ditional four species belonging to subgenus Griffi¬ nia have been described (Morel, 1960; Ravenna, 1969, 1974, 1978). The genus is unique in the Amaryllidaceae for the presence of a true hypan- thium, formed by the continuation of the perigonal tube over the ovary in some of the species (Raven¬ na, 1969; Preuss, 1999). Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear rDNA ITS sequences resolve Grif¬ finia as sister group to the monotypic Worsleya ray- neri (Hooker f.) Traub & Moldenke, also endemic to Brazil (Meerow et ah, 2000; Preuss, 1999). Griffinia is marked by its petiolate and some¬ times white or silver-spotted leaves, its turgid seed lacking phytomelan, and blue range pigmentation in the flowers (subg. Griffinia), a character shared No VON 10: 230-233. 2000. with Worsleya. All species that we have examined have 2 n = 20 chromosomes, with frequent triploidy (2 n = 30) characteristic of cultivated relicts of ex¬ tirpated populations (Preuss, 1999). Griffinia is na¬ tive to the various forest ecotypes of the Mata At- lantiea and the nearby northeastern regions of the Caatinga Province (Oliveira-Filho & Ratter, 1995). Griffinia subg. Griffinia is characterized by small to large, diurnal, strongly zygomorphic, lilac, or li¬ lac and white-colored flowers with the upper sta¬ men assurgent and separated from the other decli- nate five (or sometimes obsolete). This subgenus occupies moist tropical forest habitats of the Mata Atlantica, or Brazilian Atlantic Forest, ranging from the state of Pernambuco in the north to the state of Sao Paulo in the south. Griffinia subg. Hyline has fragrant, large, nocturnal, white-colored flowers, and occupies a more xeric habitat such as the de¬ ciduous cerrado forests found in Goids and Tocan¬ tins and the caatinga woodlands of the northeast region. Belonging to subgenus Griffinia, G. alba is described as new from Tapera, Pernambuco, and is the only species of Griffinia known to occur in that state. Griffinia alba K. Preuss & Meerow, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Pernambuco: Tapera, wooded habitat, 16 Nov. 1936, B. Picket 2907 (holo- type, US). Figures 1, 2. Haec species Griffiniae hyacinthinae Ker Gawler affin- is, sed ab ea floribus albis, amplioribus, pedicellis lon- gioribus, atque foliis basi anguste cuneatis differt. Habitat in silvis Taperae, Pernambuco, Brazil. Bulbous terrestrial geophyte to ca. 50 cm tall (Fig. 1 A). Bulb tunicate with contractile roots; tu¬ nics thin, drying brown, and becoming papery. Leaves distichous (Fig. 1A), petiolate; petiole to 30 cm long; lamina (Fig. IB) ovate to elliptic, to ca. 40 cm long and 12-15 cm broad, margin entire, apex acuminate, base cuneate and gradually taper¬ ing into the petiole, with prominent transverse re¬ ticulate venation (Fig. 1C), glabrous adaxially, glau- Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Preuss & Meerow Griffinia alba from Brazil 231 cous abaxially. Inflorescence scapose (Fig. 1A); scape 35—38 cm tall, two-edged, solid, green, gla¬ brous, terminating in a 16- to 17-flowered pseudo¬ umbel (reduced helicoid cymes) enclosed by two partially fused ocreaceous, spathe bracts 2.3-2.5 cm long; pedicels 2.1-2.9 cm long, green. Perianth (Fig. ID) zygomorphic; tepals 6 in two whorls, white, glabrous, fused into a perigonal tube ca. 1.3— 1.5 cm long that is continuous with the ovary (thus forming a true hypanthium), arranged in a 5+1 manner with the upper 5 tepal segments reflexed and the lowermost descending, 4—5 cm long and 1— 1.5 cm broad, narrowly obovate with acute apices, the outer whorl apiculate. Stamens 6 (5 declinate and 1 assurgent); filaments varying in length from 1.4 to 3.2 cm; anthers ca. 1 mm long, versatile, introrse, dehiscing longitudinally; pollen whitish. Style filiform, declinate, ca. 3.6-3.8 cm long; stig¬ ma truncate-punctate. Ovary semi-inferior, trilocu- lar, ovoid to subglobose, ca. 5 mm diam.; ovules 2 to 6 per locule, axile but basally displaced, biser- iate. Fruit and seed unknown. During an investigation of the systematics of the genus Griffinia (Preuss, 1999), this new species was recognized from the type specimen ( Picket 2907, Fig. 2), which had been determined as Griffinia in¬ termedia Lindley. However, G. intermedia is a con¬ siderably smaller, blue-flowered species; its exact provenance is unknown (it was shipped to England from the state ol Rio de Janeiro). Traub and Mol- denke (1949) considered it “intermediate” between G. hyacinthina Ker Gawler and G. parviflora Ker Gawler. Griffinia alba closely resembles G. hyacin¬ thina, but differs from that species by its cuneate leaf base, which gradually tapers into the petiole, greater number of flowers (up to 17 compared to 8 to 10), longer pedicels, white vs. lilac-colored flow¬ ers, and more linear tepal segments. Griffinia alba is the first entirely white-flowered species described in subgenus Griffinia. Griffinia alba is endemic to the gallery forests of northeastern Brazil and is known from a single lo¬ cality in Tapera, Pernambuco. The Mata Atlantica lormerly extended into the state of Pernambuco via dendritic passages, or gallery forests (Bucher, 1982), into the Caatinga Province (Oliveira-Filho & Ratter. 1995). Rizzini (1979) suggested that the gal¬ leries, in conjunction with the other hinterland for¬ ests, represent extensions of the Atlantic forest into the cerrado domain. Since this new species is represented by just a single collection, we presume that it is rare or ex¬ tirpated in its native habitat. Unfortunately, defor¬ estation currently threatens the native habitats of 232 Novon Figure 2. Holotype of Griffinia alba (Picket 2907 , US). Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Preuss & Meerow Griffinia alba from Brazil 233 all Griffinia (Dean, 1995), and species of the genus are among the most endangered of South American geophvtes (Walter & Gillet, 1998). Acknowledgments. We thank US for the loan of the specimen and Kent D. Perkins of FLAS for as¬ sistance in processing the loan. This work was sup¬ ported in part by NSF grant DEB-968787 to AWM and Charles L. Guy. Florida Agricultural Experi¬ ment Station Journal Series No. R-07146. Literature Cited Bucher, E. H. 1982. Chaco and Caatinga—South Ameri¬ can arid savannahs, woodlands and thickets. Pp. 48— 79 in B. J. Huntley & B. H. Walker, Ecology of Tropical Savannahs. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Dean, W. 1995. With Broadax and Firebrand: The De¬ struction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Univ. Califor¬ nia Press, Berkeley. Meerow, A. W.. M. F. Fay, M. W. Chase, C. L. Guy. O-B. Li, D. Snijman & S-Y. Yang. 2(X)0. Phylogeny of Amar- yllidaceae: Molecules and morphology. Pp. 368—382 in K. Wilson f. = glands) and calymma ( KatAv/x- txa n. = head-covering); these characteristics are found in almost all species of the genus. Meisner (1840) published the original description of the ge¬ nus with the spelling Adenocalymna. However, En- dlicher (1841) used the spelling Adenocalymma. As a result, two different spellings of this name still persist. Scudeller (2000) proposed the conservation of the Adenocalymma spelling, based both on what appears to be Meisner’s own correction (1843), to the index of his original description, and Bureau (1872). Bureau pointed out that the original spell¬ ing used by Meisner (in his original description) was wrong and commented, “J’ai vu plus de dix Etiquettes de la main de Martius, toutes rEdigEes conformEment & l’Etymologie grecque, et dans YEnchiridion d’Endlicher, qui a paru en 1841, on trouve le merae nom citE sous la forme correcte: Adenocalymma” (Bureau, 1872: 19-20). The genus Adenocalymma is represented by ap¬ proximately 60 species (Mabberley, 1997). It is dis¬ tributed in tropical America, from Mexico and the Lesser Antilles to Uruguay and northeast Argentina (Bureau & Schumann, 1896-1897; Sandwith & Hunt, 1974). It is characterized by branchlets te¬ rete, tendril simple, leaves entire, raceme axillary, bracts usually conspicuous but caducous, calyx with conspicuous black patelliform glands on the outer side, corolla tubular, bright yellow, either wholly tomentose or pubescent, very rarely wholly glabrous outside, 4 fertile stamens, 1 staminode, anther 2-divaricate, stigma 2-lamellate, and fruit capsule septifragal. In this paper, a new species is presented from the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Parque Estadual do Rio Doce is located between 42°38'30"-48°28'18"W and 19°48'18"—19°29'24"S, encompassing the mu¬ nicipalities of TimEteo, MarliEria, and Dionfsio, comprising an area of approximately 36,000 ha (Instituto Estadual de Florestas, 1994). Adenocalymma magnoalatum Scudeller, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: MarliEria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD), estrada do Res- taurante, 10 Oct. 19%, V. V. Scudeller 579 (ho- lotype, VIC; isotype, MO (fr only)). Figure 1. Haec species A. paulislaro Bureau & K. Schumann et A. duseni Kraenzlin affinis, sed ab eis calyce et corolla extus tomentosis, ovario 4-angulari, capsula oblonga, 4-alata glan- dulis pateliformibus in alis et seminibus alatis differt. Liana. Branchlets elliptic to terete, lenticels abundant, without interpetiolar glandular fields; pseudostipules oblong-elliptic to linear, 0.7-1.0 X 0.1-0.3 cm, glabrous, with 1—3 patelliform glands at midpoint, persistent. Leaves opposite, brochi- dodromous, bifoliolate; tendrils simple; petioles 2.1-3.2 cm long, terete, with prominent lenticels; petiolules 2.6-4.1 cm long, terete; blades 11.4— 17.0 X 4.5—7.7 cm, oblong-elliptic, chartaceous, glabrous above, densely lepidote below, base asym¬ metric, apex acuminate, margins revolute; primary veins straight, immersed above, prominent and yel¬ lowish below; secondary veins 8 to 10 pairs, mod¬ erate acute (angle of divergence = 55°), yellowish when dry. Inflorescence 5.95—14.27 cm long, 5-8 pairs of flowers, axillary racemiform, bracts and bracteoles 0.2-0.5 X 0.1—0.2 cm, linear, caducous, Novon 10: 234-237. 2000. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Scudeller Adenocalymma magnoalatum from Brazil 235 without patelliform glands; calyx green, tubular, 5- denticulate, 0.9-1.1 X 0.6-0.8 cm, tomentose out¬ side, patelliform glands toward apex, margins vil¬ lose; corolla yellow, tubular-infundibuliform, with 5 lobes, mucronulate, symmetric, basal tube (ca. 1.2 cm) glabrous, toward apex tomentose outside, gla- brate inside except lobes tomentose on both faces, corolla tube 4.2-5.4 X 1.5-1.9 cm, lobes 1.3-1.7 X 1.5—1.7 cm, mucronulate; stamens epipetalous, didynamous, included, longest pair 2.0—2.5 cm long, shortest pair 1.4—1.5 cm long, villose at the level of filament insertion, with capitate glandular trichomes, staminodes inconspicuous, anthers gla¬ brous, 0.6-0.7 cm long, with thecae divergent, con¬ nective slightly prolonged, apiculate; ovary narrow¬ ly lanceolate, quadrangular, ca. 0.7 X 0.1 cm, glabrous, bilocular, ovules biseriate in each locule, style terete, ca. 3.6 cm long, stigma evenly 2-la- mellate, with the lamellae oblong, 0.23 X 0.11 cm; nectar disc annular-pulvinate, ca. 0.2 X 0.1 cm. Capsule septifragal oblong, 4-alate, 21.7 X 4.9 cm, midribs prominent, patelliform glands abundant on the wings; seeds compressed on the back, convex, bi-alate, body 1.4—1.8 X 1.3 cm, wings hyaline- membranaceous, 1.6—1.7 X 1.3 cm each. Distribution and habitat. Adenocalymma mag¬ noalatum is known only from the type locality, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, occurring in its Southwest area. This forest in the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce represents one of the last remnants of the Atlantic Rain Forest under legal protection in Minas Gerais. The species extends into the forest canopy. The new species is related to the species group with linear pseudostipules, conspicuous glands in the calyx, subcoriaceous blades, and secondary veins raised and yellowish below. Similar species are A. bracteatum DC., A. comosum DC., A. duseni, A. hatschbachii A. H. Gentry (calyx eglandular), and .4. paulistarum. Adenocalymma magnoalatum is characterized by the mucronulate corolla lobes and quadrangular ovary, and is especially distinguished by the 4-alate fruit with well-developed veins and winged seeds. Adenocalymma bracteatum is characterized by its tomentose calyx and bracts as long as buds, and it also occurs in the Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (Scudeller & Carvalho-Okano, 1998). This species is easily distinguished from the new species by shorter leaves (7.3-9.7 X 2.6-4.8 cm), ovary terete, and bracts concave. Adenocalymma comosum has the calyx glabrous. Adenocalymma hatschbachii differs from A. magnoalatum by the leaflets lan¬ ceolate, long acuminate and the calyx eglandular or with few inconspicuous glands. Adenocalymma duseni presents the petiolule longer than the petiole and leaflets ovate-lanceolate as in A. hatschbachii. Gentry (1993) distinguished the latter species by larger bracts and bracteoles, the usual presence of conspicuous calyx glands, thicker distinctly coria¬ ceous leaves, and the corolla more inlundibuliform- campanulate with included anthers. In the absence of fruit, A. magnoalatum can be confused with A. paulistarum and A. duseni, with leaves with yellow veins when dry, bracts caducous, and corolla recurved. However, A. magnoalatum is distinguished from those by the petiolule usually longer than the petiole, the oblong-elliptic leaf blade with 8 to 10 pairs of secondary veins, and the quadrangular ovary. The Parque Estadual do Rio Doce was visited monthly from September 1995 to February 1997 (Scu¬ deller & Carvalho-Okano, 1998). Adenocalymma magnoalatum was found flowering only between Jan¬ uary and March 1996, and in October 1996. It follows the phenological pattern multiple bang (see Gentry, 1974), with two or more flowering peaks annually. De¬ spite this phenology, seed dispersal was only observed at the end of October, concomitant with one of the annual flowering peaks. According to Scudeller and Carvalho-Okano (1998), all other species of Adeno- calymma flower at the same time (March and Octo¬ ber), but only A. bracteatum can be mistaken for A. magnoalatum (see above). As found in the literature, most Adenocalymma species occurring in Brazil and surrounding coun¬ tries have a cylindrical or a slightly dorsiventrally flattened fruit. Only three species, A. gracielzae A. H. Gentry, A. apurense (HBK) Sandwith, and A. pur- purascens Rusby, occurring in the north of Brazil and in Central America present a winged fruit. Adenocalymma gracielzae differs from A. mag¬ noalatum by the dorsal vein of the capsule being inconspicuous; the capsule having a puberulous and grooved surface; and the seeds being quadran¬ gular but unwinged. Although A. apurense presents a slightly winged fruit, its seeds possess a larger seed body and narrow lines. In spite of the super¬ ficial similarity of the fruit, this new taxon differs from A. purpurascens by the shape of the leaves (ovate and very thick) and the bracts (as long as the buds and broadly ovate). Paratypes. BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Marli^ria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, estrada da Campolina, 24 Jan. 1996 (fl). V. V. Scudeller IS7 (PERD. VIC). 24 Jan. 1996 (fl), V. V. Scudeller 191 (RB, VIC); estrada do Res- taurante, 25 Jan. 1996 (fl). V. V. Scudeller et m, 11 Dec. 1989, Hello 1612 (INB, MO). NICARAGUA. Chontales: Cerro Oluma. 12°18'N, 85°24'W, 750 m, 4 Jan. 1984. Gentry et al. 43938 (MO). Jinotega: KilambG Cerro San Pedro, 13°36'N, 85°39'W, 6(M)-8(K) rn, 25 Mar. 1981, Moreno 7341 (MO). Mulagalpu: Cerro Carlota, 12°58'N, 85°52'W, 1250-1300 in, 23 Oct. 1982, Moreno 18157 (MO). Matelea ocellata W. D. Stevens, sp. nov. TYPE: Mexico. Oaxaca: Mpio. Tehuantepec, Dpto. Te¬ huantepec, Recorrido Hierba Santa a El Li- m6n (17 km al 0 de Tehuantepec), 24 July 1985, C. Martinez R. 87 (holotype, MO). Fig¬ ure 6. Mateleae pusilliflorae allinis sed lobis corollarum an- gustioribus dignoscenda. Vine, older stems woody and corky, base un¬ known, young stems with 2 lines of spreading to appressed, white to ferrugineous hairs 0.2—0.5 mm long and brown to red-brown glandular hairs 0.02- 0.05 mm long, glabrescent, internodes 2-15 cm long. Leaves opposite, blades elliptic or ovate, 3.8— 6.2(9.2) X 1.5—2.3(3.9) cm, apex acute to attenu¬ ate, base rounded to truncate or shallowly lobate, sinus to 0.2 cm deep, lobes divergent, glabrous or puberulent on midrib and margin, lateral veins 3 to 6 pairs, middle veins 35—50° to midrib, colleters 3 to 6; petiole 1-2.2 cm long, puberulent. Inflores¬ cence racemiform, peduncle 1-4(9) mm long, pu¬ berulent, axis to 3 mm long, pedicel 4—8(14) mm long, puberulent, bracts 0.7—2.3 X 0.1—0.5 mm, linear to deflate; calyx tube 0.2—0.5 mm long, with 1 colleter per sinus, lobes lanceolate, 1.1-1.9 X 0.7—1.2 mm, apex acute to obtuse, green, glabrous inside, sparsely pubescent outside; corolla rotate, green to dull brown with darker green veins, with a dull to bright white spot at tip of each corolla lobe within, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely puberulent to hispidulose, tube 0.8—2 mm long, lobes deflate or slightly ovate, 2.7—3.5 X 2.1-2.2 mm, apex acute to rounded; corona a shallowly 5- lobed disk, 0.5—1.2 mm wide, yellow to orange, gla¬ brous, with 5 erect wings opposite and free from anthers, terminal appendages appressed to margin of style apex, 0.15—0.25 X 0.9-1.2 mm; corpus- culum 0.15—0.23 X 0.07-0.18 mm, rounded-sag¬ ittate, pale brown, translators 0.15—0.2 X 0.07-0.1 mm, pollinia 0.47—0.65 X 0.3—0.38 mm, asymmet¬ rically obovoid, sterile at attachment near center; gynostegium stipe 0.4—0.5 mm long, style apex 1.8— 2 mm wide, rounded-pentagonal, flat, sometimes with 5 radial ridges. Follicles and seeds unknown. This new species is most closely related to Ma- telea pusilliflora L. 0. Williams, from Mexico (Chia¬ pas), Belize, and Guatemala, which until now was the only mainland representative of a small group of Caribbean species characterized by asymmetri¬ cal, narrowly 5-winged follicles, a corona in the form of a fleshy disk at the base of the gynostegium stipe, and a white, reflective eye at the tip of each corolla lobe. Matelea pusilliflora has broader corol¬ la lobes and a relatively broader and flatter corona that lacks the erect wings opposite the anthers. Paratypes. MEXICO. Mich on can: Mpio. Aquila: Cruz de Campos, 4 km al NE de la carretera Tecomdn— I’laya Azul, rumbo a Aquila, 24 Sep. 1983, E. Martinez S. et al. 4453 (MO). Oaxaca: Mpio. San Miguel Chima- lapa, Canada de Las Naranjas, ca. 2.5 km al SO de Ua Coralilla (f)faz Ord&z), ca. 35 km en Ifnea recta al N de San Pedro Tapanatepec, lb°42'N, 94°11'W, 1 l(M) m, 29 July 1985, Maya 1933 (CHAPA. MO); Mpio. San Miguel Chimalapa, Rfo Escondido (Arroyo Raul), 0.1—1.0 km al 0 de su uni6n con el Rfo Portamonedas y de Benito Jua¬ rez, ca. 38 km en Ifnea recta al N de San Pedro Tapana- tepec, I0°43'N, 94°09'W, 9us immaturis 2. Herbacea trepadora; tallos lineados, puberu- lentos; peefolo 1.5—5.5 cm de largo, hirsutuloso; estfpulas ca. 2 mm de largo, 1—2 mm de ancho, triangulares, agudas, castano—rojizas, puberulen- tas. Hojas 5.5—16 cm de largo; folfolos 3, el ter¬ minal 2.5—9.5 cm de largo, 1.2—4 cm de ancho, ovado-lanceolado a lanceolado, la base redon- deada, el apice acuminado, mucronado, los la- terales 2.5—7.5 cm de largo, 1—3.5 cm de ancho, semifalcados, la base oblicua, el apice acumi¬ nado, todos con el haz eslriguloso, el enves hir¬ sutuloso solo sobre las nervaduras, serfeeo, den- samente cubierto por secreciones glandulares ambarinas. Inflorescencias racimos axilares 1.5— 4 cm de largo, mas cortas que las hojas; bracteas lineares; pedicelos ca. 1 mm de largo. Flores 5— 8 mm de largo, amarillas a anaranjadas; caliz 5— 7 mm de largo, campanulado, el lobulo vexilar 5—5.5 mm de largo, unido 3/4 de su longitud o mas, los lobulos laterales 5.2—5.5 cm de largo, el lobulo carinal 6—6.3 cm de largo, lanceolados, agudos a acuminados; vexilo 6—7 mm de largo, 3—5 mm de ancho, la una 1 mm de largo; alas 4— 4.5 mm de largo, 1.5—2 mm de ancho, la una 1— 1.5 mm de largo; carina 4.5—5 mm de largo, 2- 2.5 mm de ancho, la una 1—1.5 mm; tubo esta- rninal 4.5 mm de largo en su porcion unida; ovu- los ca. 2. Legumbre inmadura ca. 1.8 cm de largo, ca. 6 mm de ancho; semillas ca. 2, inmad- uras. Paratipos. MEXICO. Jalisco: Mpio. Ea Huerta; km 1.380 del Eje Central, Estacion de Biologfa Chamela, UNAM, 5 nov. 1988, S. II. Bullock 1961 (MEXU); a 6 km al NW de las olieinas de la Eundacion Eeolbgiea Cuixmala AC., sobre el eamino rumbo a El Mirador, 19°26'49"N. 104°57'55"0, 15 nov. 1997, ./. Calonico ,S., 0. Tellez E, 1. Dominguez M. y J. Martinez C. 5746 (MEXU). Rhynchosia delicatula pertenece a la seccion Arcyphyllum Torrey & A. Gray, conjuntamente con 15 especies mas, distribuidas desde el sur de los Estados Unidos y El Caribe hasta Argen¬ tina (Grear, 1978). Las especies de esta seccidn se caracterizan por poseer un caliz foliaceo a su- bfoliaceo, con los lobulos libres o casi libres des- Novon 10: 257-259. 2000. 258 Novon Figura 1. Rhynchosia delicatula O. Tellez & M. Sousa. —A. Habito de la planta. —B. Caliz. —C. Kslamlarle. —D. Ala. —E. Quilla. —F. Tubo estaminal mostrando el estambre vexilar. —G. Gineceo. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Tellez V. & Sousa S. Rhynchosia delicatula de Mexico 259 de la base, lanceolados, easi tan largos eomo el estandarte o mas largos que este. Rhynchosia de¬ licatula se encuentra relacionada, por una parte, a un grupo de especies con inflorescencias mas cortas que las hojas y hojas sin estipelas, distri- buidas en el sur de Estados Unidos y el occidente de Mexico, y por otra parte, se relaciona a un grupo de especies sudamericanas que poseen in- Horescencias con las flores agrupadas y congestas bacia el apice; sin embargo, las relaciones mas estrechas parecen ser con R. tarphanta Standley y R. elisae 0. Tellez, las cuales poseen inflores¬ cencias robustas, flores de mayor tarnano y ha- bitan en bosques de Pinus-Quereus entre 650— 1500 y en bosques mesofilos a mas de 900 m de altitud, respectivamente, mientras que R. deli¬ catula se distingue claramente por lo delicado de la planta y de las inflorescencias, el menor ta- mano de las flores y porque habita en la selva baja caducifolia del nivel del mar a 200 m. Aparentemente las montanas del occidente de Mexico ban sido un centre secundario de diversi- ficacion para parte de la seccion Arcyphyllum. Las especies senaladas y relacionadas entre sf se dis- tribuyen en ellas, Rhynchosia tarphanta en por- ciones altas de la Sierra Madre del Sur en los es¬ tados de Jalisco y Guerrero (MeVaugh, 1987), R. elisae en la porcion occidental del Eje Volcanico Transversal en el estado de Nayarit (Tellez, 1995) y R. delicatula en las estribaciones de la Sierra Madre del Sur en la costa de Jalisco cerca del nivel del mar. A la clave de Grear (1978) se le agrega la es- pecie nueva a partir de la entrada 33, dentro de la Seccion II. Arcyphyllum , Serie 5, en la siguiente forma. 33. Kstipulas caducas; legumbre 2.5—3.5 cm; semi- lias 5—1) mm; Mexico (Jalisco, Guerrero, Oaxaca) . R. tarphantha 33. Kstipulas persistentes; legumbres 1—2 cm; semi- lias 2^4.5 mm. 34. Kstipelas ausentes; tallos volubles o postra- dos. 35. Fob'olos generalmente coriaeeos, pelo- sidad cinerea; vexilo 6—8 mm de audio; Estados Unidos (Florida) .... R. cinerea 35. Fob'olos de membranaeeos a subcori- aeeos, pelosidad canescente a amari- llenta: vexilo 3—6 mm de audio. 36. Fob'olos generalmente ovados a ovado-rombieos. estrigulosos; pedi- celos 2—5 mm; cabz mas largo a casi tan largo como la corola; vexilo 8—10 X 5.6 mm; Estados Unidos (Virginia a Texas) . R. difformis 36. Fob'olos ovado-laneeolados a lan¬ ceolados, pubemlentos; pedicelos ea. I mm; ealiz mas corto (|ue la corola; vexilo 6—7 X 3—5 mm; Mex¬ ico (costa de Jalisco). . R. delicatula Agradecimientos. A Elvia Esperanza por el ex- celente dibujo de la especie; a CONABIO por el apoyo economico para realizar el proyecto L-289 acerca de la Flora de la Estacion de Biologia Cha- mela UN AM , Jalisco, Mexico que fue en donde re- gistro esta nueva especie. Literatura Citada (.rear, J. W. 1978. A revision of the New World species of Rhynchosia 11.eguminosae— Faboideae). Mem. New York Mot. Card. 31: 1-168. Mc\ augh, If. 1987. I .eguminosae. En: W. R. Anderson (editor). Flora Novo-Galiciana. A Descriptive Account of the Vascular Plants of Western Mexico. Vol. 5. Univ. Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Tellez V„ 0. 1995. New species of I .eguminosae from the state of Nayarit. Mexico. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 20; 231-237. A New Species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from Venezuela Dieter C. Wasshausen Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560-0166, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Current floristic research in Venezuela has resulted in the recognition of another new spe¬ cies of Justicia. This new species, Justicia aymar- dii, presently known from the slopes of the eastern Andes, the Sierra Nevada de Merida, is described, illustrated, and compared to its closest relative, Justicia ischnorhachis Leonard, which is from Co¬ lombia. It alone among Justicia has the combina¬ tion of (1) a 4-parted calyx, (2) multicellular pur¬ plish colored trichomes along the stem, peduncles, and raehis, and (3) a conspicuous purplish to red¬ dish purple, long, somewhat curved, tubular corolla (20-28 mm long) with relatively short lips (8-9 mm long). This new species does not appear to be close¬ ly related to any of the known species of Justicia from Venezuela. Justicia is the largest and taxonomieally most complex genus of Acanthaceae, with ca. 600 spe¬ cies worldwide (Graham, 1988; Mabberly, 1997). It is also the largest genus of the family in Venezuela, with about 45 species found there. The genus is characterized by the gamopetalous and zygomor- phic corollas with the tube divided above into 2 lips, the upper lip erect, shallowly bilobed or, more rarely, entire, and the lower one usually somewhat spreading and distinctly trilobed. Justicia also has an androecium of two 2-thecous stamens and no staminodes, and 2-, 3- or 4-aperturate pollen with a trema area usually transversed by 2 to 8 rows of up to 10 insulae (Fig. 2), and stipitate capsules with four (or fewer) seeds. Justicia aymardii Wasshausen, sp. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Barinas: Dtto. Bolivar, La Soledad, 20 km SW of Barinitas, 700 m, 20 June 1983, G. Aymard & F. Ortega 2281 (holotype, US; isotype, PORT). Figures 1, 2. Suffmtex, caulibus quadrangularibus, pilosis. Foliorum lamina anguste ovata vel laneeolata, acuta vel acuminata, basi attenuata, subcoriacea, utrinque pilosa, costa et verbs lateralibus pilosis; petioli pilosi; spicae terminales et ax- illares. pedunculis et rachidibus quadrangularibus, pilos¬ is; bracteae viridae, anguste ovatae, puberulae, ciliatae; bracteolae subulatae, parce hirtellae; calycis segrnenta 4, viridia, lance-subulata, minute puberula: corolla purpu¬ rea. parce pi losa, tubo anguste infundibuliformi, labio su- periore erecto, ovato, acuto, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis ovatis, medio obtusis, lateralibus retusis; stamina exserta; lobis antheramm obliquis superpositis. Shrub or undershrub, 0.8—2 m tall. Stems as¬ cending, quadrangular-ridged, conspicuously pi¬ lose, the trichomes erect and scattered and purplish colored, 1-1.5 mm long. Leaves petiolate, petioles 7-15 cm long, pubescence similar to that of stem, blades narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 7.5—11 X 2.2— 4 cm, apically acute to acuminate, attenuate at base, subcoriaceous, entire, dark green and spar¬ ingly pilose and puberulous above, the pilose tri¬ chomes adpressed, somewhat lighter green and moderately pilose below, the trichomes adpressed and purplish colored, the costa and lateral veins (7-9 pairs) pilose, the cystoliths often inconspicu¬ ous and scattered. Inflorescence of compact, ter¬ minal and axillary spikes (Fig. 1), these barely ex¬ ceeding the terminal leaves, the uppermost spike sometimes forked or sparingly branched forming a loose panicle, 3—5 cm long, the peduncles 8-25 mm long, quadrangular, densely pilose, the tri¬ chomes erect and purplish colored, the raehis sim¬ ilar to the peduncles; bracts narrrowly ovate, 3.5- 5.5 X 2—2.5 mm, apically acuminate, clasping basally, rather firm, moderately pubescent, espe¬ cially along the costa, the trichomes erect, the mar¬ gin ciliolate; bracteoles subulate, 3.5 X 0.5 mm, sparingly hirtellous, especially along the costa, the margin ciliolate; calyx 8-12 mm long, deeply 4- parted, lobes green, lance-subulate, 7-10 X 0.8- 0.9 mm, the pubescence similar to that of the bracts and bracteoles; corolla purple to reddish purple, 20-28 mm long, externally sparingly pilose, tube 1.5 mm at base, narrowed to 1.2 mm at 2 mm above base, thence gradually enlarged to 3.25 mm at mouth, the lips subequal, 8-9 mm long, the upper lip erect, ovate, 4 mm wide near the base, narrowed toward tip, apically acute, the lower lip somewhat spreading, oblong, 4-5 mm wide, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 1 mm long, the middle lobe 1.5 mm wide, apically obtuse, the lateral ones 1 mm wide, api¬ cally retuse; stamens exserted 6-7 mm beyond mouth of corolla tube, glabrous, the filaments flat¬ tened, glabrous, the anthers 1.5 mm long, the the¬ cae 1.5 mm long, superposed at an angle to each Novon 10: 260-263. 2000. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Wasshausen Justicia aymardii from Venezuela 261 Figure 1. Justicia aymardii Wasshausen (Aymard & Ortega 2281, holotype). —A. Habit. —B. Bract. —C. Bracteoles and calyx lobes. —D. Cupula, ovary, and style. —K. Corolla. —F. Capsule, retinacula, and seeds. 262 Novon Figure 2. Scanning electron (SEM) photomicrographs of Justicia aymardii pollen (Aymard el at., 4272). —A. Equa¬ torial view, X 14(H). —IE Equatorial view, X14(X). —C. Equatorial view, X 1700. other, the lower thecae calcarate; pollen 2-porate, prolate to perprolate, 50 X 22 /ain, the pores cir¬ cular, the membranes reticulate, trema area stud¬ ded with 4 rows of 5-7 ± circular insulae (Fig. 2A, B, C); ovary pubescent, style filiform, pubescent. exceeding the stamens, the stigma oblique. Capsule clavate, 9-9.25 X 2.25 X 1.25 mm, apically acute; retinacula 2 mm long, slightly curved, erose; seeds 4, suborbicular, brownish, 1.75 mm diam., 0.5 mm thick, tuberculate. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 Wasshausen Justicia aymardii from Venezuela 263 Distribution. Endemic to Venezuela; plants oc¬ cur in cloud forests, coffee plantations, and mon¬ tane forest in the states of Portuguesa, Barinas, and Tachira at elevations between 700 and 1500 m. Justicia aymardii superficially resembles J. is- chnorhachis Leonard from Villavicencio, Meta, Co¬ lombia. In J. ischnorhachis the leaf blades are mod¬ erately brm, obtuse or rounded basally, apieally slenderly acuminate, the tip often curved, the pet¬ ioles 3—8 mm long, glabrous or sparingly puberu- lous, the spikes 3—12 cm long, the peduncles slen¬ der, glabrous, the calyx lobes stramineous, and the corollas red, reddish straw-colored, dull crimson, or reddish orange, 26—30 mm long, with the lateral lobes of the lower lip obtuse. By contrast, in J. aymardii the leaf blades are coriaceous, attenuate basally, apieally acute to acuminate, the tip not curved, the petioles 7—15 mm long, conspicuously pilose with purplish colored trichomes, the spikes 3—5 cm long, the peduncles brm, densely pilose with purplish colored trichomes, the calyx lobes green, and the corollas purple to reddish purple, with the lateral lobes of the lower lip retuse. Justicia aymardii is not readily identifiable with any subgeneric taxa using the keys and descrip¬ tions provided by Graham (1988). It has pollen (“Type 7,” bg. 5 in Graham, 568) like that found in bve sections recognized by Graham. Paralypes. VENEZUELA. Portuguesa: Dtto. Sucre. La Divisorial de la Concepcion, 5 km NU' of Las Elores settlement, 9°18'N, 70°6'W, 1300—1500 m, 15 Oct. 1985, G. \vmtird et al. 4272 (PORT, US). Barinas: Dtto. Boli¬ var. 30 km W of Barinitas, road Barinitas—Santo Domingo, Ouelirada San Isidro, 8°42'N, 70°25'W, 1000 m. 19 Nov. 1982. G. Aymard et al. 1654 (PORT, US); Dtto. Pedraza, trail from Mesa de Canagua (ca. 8°32'N, 70’39’Vt ) to Alto de La Aguada (ca. 8°37'N. 70°40'W ). ca. 23 km NW of Curbatf, 800—1400 m. 17 Apr. 1988. L. J. Dorr et al. 4754 (NY, US). Tachira: Dtto. Uribante, Hydroelectric Uriban- te-Capaso Complex, sector El Cedral, vicinity Presa La Honda, 8°1'N. 71°37'W, 1100-1250 m. 15 Nov. 1988. R. Rivero et al. 1882 (PORT, US). Acknowledgments. My special thanks to Cathy Pasquale for skillfully preparing the line drawing, and to the staff of the National Museum of Natural History SEM Laboratory for their high-quality pol¬ len photomicrographs. Literature Cited Graham, V. A. W. 1988. Delimitation and infra-generic classification of Justicia (Aeanthaceae). kew Bull. 43: 551 —t. >24. Mabberly, D. 1997. The Plant-Book; A Portable Dictio¬ nary of the Vascular Plants. Cambridge Univ. Press. Cambridge. New Species of Lauraceae from Central Amazonia, Brazil Henk van der Werff Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, LJ.S.A. henk.vanderwerff@mobot.org Alberto Vicentini Bolsista do CNPq-Brasil, Biology Department University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Rd., St. Ixmis, Missouri 63121, U.S.A. betovicentini@hotmail.com ABSTRACT. Fourteen new species of Lauraceae, belonging to the genera Licaria, Ocotea, and Rho- dostemonodaphne and all occurring in or near the Reserva Florestal Dueke, near Manaus, Brazil, are described. The new species are Licaria aureosericea van der Wertl, L. hirsuta van der Werff, Ocotea ci- nerea van der Werff, 0. delicata Vicentini, 0. im- mersa van der Wertl, 0. ligulata van der Werff, 0. minor Vicentini, 0. nigrescens Vicentini, 0. obliqua Vicentini, 0. percurrens Vicentini, 0. rhodophylla Vicentini, 0. scabrella van der Werff, (). subtermin- alis van der Wertl, and Rhodostemonodaphne re- curva van der Werff. A key to the 37 Ocotea species of the Reserva Florestal Ducke is provided. During fieldwork by the second author in prep¬ aration of a field guide to the vascular plants of the Reserva Florestal Ducke (Ribeiro et al., 1999), near Manaus, Brazil, a number of Lauraceae were found that could not be identified. The proximity of the Reserva Ducke to Manaus made it possible to col¬ lect flowers and fruits from the same tagged trees anti to search for, and find, staminate and pistillate trees of most dioecious species. Several of these species are here described. A number of the new species had earlier been recognized as undescri¬ bed, but a description was postponed until more complete material was available. Some of the new species, such as Ocotea cinerea and 0. nigrescens, have a wide distribution throughout the Amazon lowlands. Others are only known from a few better- collected localities such as Saul in central French Guiana (for instance Ocotea scabrella) or the vicin¬ ity of Iquitos in Peru (for instance Ocotea immersa). The fact that intensive collecting in a relatively small patch of Amazonian rainforest has yielded so many undescribed species underscores our lack of knowledge about Lauraceae in the Amazon low¬ lands. Further collecting will no doubt lead to the discovery of more unknown species. Novon 10: 264-297. 2000. The habitat information is based on observations made at the Ducke reserve, with the exception of Ocotea ligulata , where it is based on label infor¬ mation. In order to facilitate identification of Ocotea collec¬ tions from central Amazonia, we have included a key to the Ocotea species known from the Ducke Reserve as well as a table listing the differences between nine of the new Ocotea species and four other species with which they had been confused. More details about the Lauraceae from the Ducke Reserve will be published in the Lauraceae treatment for the Florida of the Re¬ serva Florestal Ducke (in prep.). Licaria aureosericea van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 02°53'S, 59°58'W, tree 1755- 06, 22 July 1994 (fl), A. Vicentini et al. 644 (holotype, INPA; isotypes. IAN, INPA, K, MO, NY, RB, SP). Figure 1. Licariae oppositifoliae similis sed foliis alternis, subtus aureoserieeis ramulisque tomentellis rcceilit. Medium-sized trees, to 17 m. Twigs terete, solid, densely golden brown pubescent when young, the hairs erect, somewhat curled, completely covering the surface, the indument wearing off on older twigs; terminal buds densely pubescent with as¬ cending hairs, the surface completely covered. Leaves 10—18 X 3—6.5 cm, alternate, elliptic, char- taceous; the apex acuminate or acute, acumen to 1 cm long; the base acute; upper surface moderately appressed pubescent when young, becoming gla¬ brous with age; lower surface densely golden seri¬ ceous when young, the surface completely covered by the indument, this turning duller brown with age; midrib, lateral veins, and tertiary venation im¬ mersed on the upper leal surface, midrib raised, lateral veins weakly raised and tertiary venation immersed on the lower surface, lateral veins 5 to 7 Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 265 Figure I. Licaria aureosericea van der Werff. —A. Habit. —B. Inflorescence. —C. Detail of inflorescence. —I). Flower. —E. Indument of young twig. (All from Vicentini et al. 644, isotype at MO.) Drawn by Alba E. Arbelaez. on each side, arching upward and becoming loop- connected in the distal half, sometimes with a smaller, additional string of loops on top of the first one; domatia absent; petioles 8—15 mm long, flat above, with the same indument as the twigs. Inflo¬ rescences 2.5—6 cm, paniculate-cymose, the cymes sessile, one or several together and then the flowers in dense clusters, densely brown or golden brown tomentellous, the surface completely covered, in the axils of bracts or rarely in the axils of leaves. 266 No von Flowers perfect, cylindrical, 1.6-2.1 nun long, densely pubescent outside, the surface completely covered by the indument, brown or golden yellow, slightly constricted near the middle; tepals, mea¬ sured from the point of constriction, ca. 1 mm long, united for most of their length, the free lobes 0.1- 0.2 mm long, triangular, erect; stamens 3, 0.5-0.7 mm long, 2-celled, the cells extrorse, opening to¬ ward the tip, anthers exserted at anthesis, the fil¬ aments dorsally almost entirely pubescent, the an¬ thers glabrous, glands present at the base of the filaments, sessile, flattened, only noticeable be¬ cause of their dark color, or lacking; staminodia not seen; pistil 1.8 mm long, glabrous, the style twice as long as the slender ovary; receptacle glabrous or pubescent inside. Fruit and cupule unknown. Phenology. Flowers: June, August, and Sep¬ tember. Habitat. Terra firme forest on clay soil. Licaria aureosericea is characterized by the com¬ bination of alternate leaves, densely tomentellous twigs, cylindrical flowers with the anthers exserted and a dense, golden sericeous indument on the low¬ er surface of the young leaves. The flowers are quite similar to those of L. oppositifolia (Nees) Koster- mans, but that species has opposite or subopposite leaves, an appressed indument on the twigs, more pubescence on the upper leaf surface, and it lacks the golden sericeous indument on the leaves. Kurz (1983) only saw the Prance collection of L. aureo¬ sericea and included it in L. oppositifolia , noting that it differed in its alternate leaves. Additional recent collections have shown that this combination of alternate leaves, tomentellous twigs, and cylin¬ drical flowers with exserted anthers is consistent and not restricted to collections from the Ducke Reserve, but also occurs elsewhere in Amazonian Brazil and in Guyana. The type specimen comes from a marked tree (1755-06), which hopefully will facilitate collecting fruiting material. The three col¬ lections from Guyana have a pubescent inner sur¬ face of the receptacles, while the Brazilian collec¬ tions have a glabrous receptacle. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus. Reserva Florestal Ducke (fl). Martins el al. 16 (6. I IN PA. k. MRM. MG. MO, SI*. U, UR), (fl). Prance el al. 9035 (INPA, NY); Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira, Mono dos Seis Lagos, 0°20'N. 66°45'W, 4(H) m (fl). Nelson el al. 2346 (INPA, MO). GUYANA. IJ. Takulu-U. Essequiho region: Sipu River, OI°25'N, 58°57'W (fl). Clarke et al. 7325 (MO, US); Acar- ai Mts„ 01°22'N. 58°60'W, 700 m (fl). Clarke et al. 7242 (MO. US), (fl). Clarke et al. 7602 (MO. US). Licaria hirsuta van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE; Bra¬ zil. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 02°53'S, 59°58'W, 30 June 1993 (fl), J. E. L. S. Ribeiro et al. 950 (holotype, INPA; isotypes, MO, SP). Figure 2. Ad subgenus Licariam pertinens, a eongeneris foliis alter- nis, pinnatinervibus subtus pilis erectis praeditis recedit. Trees, to 15 m. Twigs terete or roundly angled, densely tomentose-hirsute, the surface of the twigs completely covered by the yellowish brown indu¬ ment, this turning darker with age; terminal buds densely tomentose-hirsute. Leaves alternate, 7-18 X 3-6 cm, chartaceous, (narrowly) elliptic; apex (shortly) acuminate, the acumen 0.5-2 cm long; the base acute to angustate; the upper surface glabrous; the lower surface papillose, moderately erect pu¬ bescent, the surface largely visible, the indument denser along the major veins and midrib and cov¬ ering these completely; midrib and lateral veins im¬ mersed or slightly impressed on the upper surface, raised on the lower surface; tertiary venation raised on lower, not visible on upper surface; lateral veins 5 to 7 on each side, arching upward near the mar¬ gin and becoming loop-connected; domatia absent; petioles 6-12 mm long, canaliculate, with the same indument as the twigs. Inflorescences in the axils of bracts at the base of recent shoots or along leaf¬ less short shoots. 4—10 cm long, paniculate-cymose, densely pubescent. Flowers perfect, about twice as long as the pedicels, densely pubescent, turbinate, ca. 2 X 2 mm; tepals much shorter than the floral tube, broadly triangular, erect or incurved; the sta¬ mens included with only their tips with the anther cells visible; stamens 3, 2-celled, representing whorl III, the filaments densely pubescent, the cells apical and opening toward the center of the flower; staminodes representing whorls I and II present, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes with a glandular tip; glands present at the base of the stamens; pistil ca. 1.5 mm long, pubescent; the receptacle deeply urceolate, densely pubescent inside. Fruit un¬ known; cupule 1.5 X 2 cm, warty, deeply cup¬ shaped, with a double margin, the inner margin short, erect, without remnants of the stamens. Phenology. Flowers: June and August. Habitat. Terra firme forest on clay soil. Licaria hirsuta can be readily recognized by the erect indument on lower leal surfaces and along the twigs. No other Licaria species from Amazonian Brazil has such a hirsute indument. The papillose lower leaf surface is also a good character; it has been reported only in L. chrysophylla (Meisner) Kostermans (which has opposite leaves), L. doli- chantha Kurz (which has flowers 3-6 mm long). Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 267 1 mm Figure 2. Licaria hirsuta van der Werff. —A. Habit. —B. Details of the upper (at top) and lower leaf surface. —C. Fruit cupule. —D. Flower. —E. Pistil. —F. Stamen. (C from Pires & Lima 66, otherwise from holotype, Ribeiro et al. 950.) Drawn by Angelic Katz Nara. and L. brasiliensis (Nees) Kostermans (which has an appressed indument); these three species are all known from the Amazonian lowlands. Two species from Venezuelan Guayana also have an erect in¬ dument, L. tomentosa van der Werff, a poorly known species that has opposite leaves, and L. trinervis van der Werff, which has small, tripliveined leaves. An unidentified Licaria specimen from Amazonas (Rio Maues-A^u), Hill 13106 (INPA), also has erect hairs on the lower leaf surface, but differs in having somewhat tripliveined leaves, a sparser, shorter in¬ dument on the leaves, a shorter indument on the 268 Novon Figure 3. Ocotea cinerea van tier Werff. —A. Habit. —B. Details of the upper (at top) anti lower leaf surface. —C, D. Staminate flower. —E. Stamen of whorls I and II. —F. Stamen of whorl III. —G. Staminode of whorl IV. —H. Fniit. (A, B from holotype, Nascimento et aL 742 ; (.—f from Vicentim 826; H from Ribeiro 1127.) Drawn by Angelic Katz Nara. inflorescences and flowers, and a raised reticulation on the upper leaf surface. It probably represents an undescribed species, but more material is needed for its description. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus—Caracaraf road, km 115 (11), Prance et al. 21638 (INPA, MO, NY); km 137 (fr), Pires & lima 66 (INPA); km 69 (st), Rodrigues & Chagas 1752 (INPA); Distrito Agropecudrio da Suframa, Fa¬ zenda Esteio, Keserva 1301 of the Projeto Dinamica Biolo- giea de Fragmentos Florestais (PI)BFF). 02°23'S, 59°51'W (fl). tree 1015, Martins et al. s.n . (INPA, MO). Ocotea cinerea van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 02°53'S, 59°58'W, 6 Feb. 1995 (fl), tree 801-06, J. R. Nascimento et al. 742 (ho¬ lotype, INPA; isotypes, MO, SP). Figure 3. Ocoteae schomburgkianae similis, sed receptaculo flo- rum masculorum intus pubescente, staminodiis parvis, pu- bescentihus, statura maiore et cupulis minus profundis re¬ cedi t. Dioecious trees, to 40 m. Twigs angular, when Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 269 young with some minute appressed hairs, soon be¬ coming glabrous; terminal buds densely, whitish appressed pubescent. Leaves 5-11 X 1.8-rf cm, alternate, stiffly chartaceous, elliptic or elliptic-ob- ovate, glabrous or nearly so; the apex obtuse or acuminate, the acumen to 1 cm long; the base acute or somewhat decurrent on the petiole; the margin flat or incurved near the base; midrib (slightly) raised, lateral veins and reticulation immersed on the upper surface, midrib and lateral veins raised, reticulation immersed, but visible due to its lighter color on the lower surface; lateral veins 5 to 7 on each side; domatia frequently, but not always pre¬ sent, inconspicuous, consisting of a few hairs or a slight depression; petioles 5—7 mm long, not always clearly distinct from the decurrent leaf bases. In¬ florescences in the axils of normal leaves, 4—8 cm long, sparsely appressed pubescent, paniculate-cy- mose. Flowers unisexual. Male flowers glabrous or sparsely puberulous outside, ca. 5 mm diam.; tepals spreading, glabrous on the inner surface, ca. 2 mm long, broadly ovate-elliptic; stamens 9, all 4-celled, the outer 6 with the anther cells in 2 pairs, introrse, the anther about twice as long as the narrow fila¬ ment, the inner three with free filaments, the cells extrorse-lateral, in 2 pairs; glands at the base of the inner stamens conspicuous, the two glands of each stamen slightly fused at the base; staminodia pre¬ sent, stipitiform, densely pubescent, about as long as or slightly longer than the glands; pistillode slen¬ der, 2 mm long, glabrous, the tip dark; receptacle rather deep, pubescent inside. Female flowers with 9 larger staminodia, representing the outer 3 whorls, these glabrous; staminodia of whorl IV stip¬ itiform, small, pubescent; pistil glabrous, 1.5 mm long, the ovary ca. 1.2 mm long; receptacle urce- olate, glabrous inside. Fruits 1-1.5 X 0.8—1.0 cm, ellipsoid, largely exserted from the shallow, bowl¬ shaped cupule, this 6—8 X 2-3 mm; the peduncle not or scarcely swollen and abruptly widened in the cupule. Vernacular. Peru: “Moena negra.” Brazil: “Lou- ro-preto.” Phenology. Flowers: November, January, Feb¬ ruary, March, and April. Fruits: August, September, October, and November. Ocotea cinerea flowers ev¬ ery two years at the Reserva Florestal Ducke ac¬ cording to field observations by A. Vicentini and supported by the collection dates. Habitat. Terra firme forest on clay to sandy- clay soil. Ocotea cinerea is an inconspicuous species, best recognized by its almost glabrous, roundly angular twigs, which usually have a grayish color (hence the specific epithet), the elliptic-obovate or elliptic leaves with frequently an inrolled base and decur¬ rent on the petiole, the pubescent receptacle of the staminate flowers, and the pubescent staminodia of whorl IV. In Rohwer’s (1986) treatment it keys to 0. schomburghiana (Nees) Mez, which differs in its roundish twigs, elliptic to elliptic-ovate leaves, gla¬ brous receptacle, and smaller size ( 0. schomburg¬ hiana is a shrub or small tree, rarely exceeding 10 m, while 0. cinerea, when fertile, ranges from 15 to 40 m). An additional difference is that the ter¬ tiary venation tends to be slightly raised on the upper leaf surface of 0. schomburghiana, while it is immersed in 0. cinerea. Label data suggest that 0. schomburghiana predominantly occurs on white sand, while 0. cinerea is usually found on clay or sandy-clay soil. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Amapa: Man. de Macapd, Cu- pixi, 0°32'N, 51°52'W (fl), Rnbelo et al. 3226 (MO, MO. NY); Mud. de Maeapa, Estrada Perimetral Norte, 1°2I’N. 53°15'W (buds), Mori & Cardoso 17577 (MG, MO, NY). Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 02°53'S, 59°58'W (fl), Rodrigues A Osmarino 8314 (INPA, MO), (fl). Rodrigues & Osmarino 6869 (INl’A, NY), Rodrigues & Osmarino 6874 (INl’A, NY), (II), Nascimento et al. 743 {INl’A, MO, SP), (fl), Nascimento et al. 749 (INPA, MO, SP). (fr). Ribeiro et al. 1127 (INPA, MO, SP), (fl), Vicentini et al. 803 (INPA. MO. SP). (fl), Vicentini et al. 826 (INPA, MO, SP); Distrito Agropecuario da Suframa, Reserva 1501 (km 41) of the PDBFF project, 02°24’S, 59°43'W (buds), Oliveira et al. A 5/2 (INPA, MO, NY), (11), Oliveira et al. A1917 (INPA. MO, NY), (fl). Mori 22864 (INPA. MO, NY), (fr), Mori & Mora Cardoso 20711 (INPA, MO. NY), (fr), Mori et al. 20542 (INPA, MO, NY); Distrito Agropecuario da Suframa, Reserva 3304 of the PDBFF project, 2°22'S, 59°57'W (fr), tree 3118, da Silva et al. s.n. (INPA, MO); CEPI.AC, km 29. Manaus—Itacoatiara Rd. (fl), Pennington et al. P22757 (INPA, MO, NY); km 154, Manaus—Cara- caraf Rd. (fr). Prance el al. 22724 (INPA. MO, NY); km 26, Manaus—Caracaraf Rd. (buds). Prance et al. 3069 (INPA, MO, NY); Mun. Presidente Figueiredo, UHF Bal- bina, (fl), Cid Ferreira et al. 6618 (INPA, MO). FRENCH GUIANA. Saiil: Sentier Botanique, 3°37'N, 53°12'W (fr). Mori et al. 23734 (CAY, MO. NY), (fr). Mori et al. 23898 (CAY. MO. NY), (fr), Mori et al. 22712 (CAY, MO, NY), (fr), Mori et al. 24691 (MO, NY). PERU. Depto. Loreto: Jenaro Herrera, 1 Oct. 1981 (young fr), tree 2/216, sine coll., s.n. (MO), (young fr), tree 5/227. sine coll., s.n. (MO), (fl), Kncarnacion 26151 (MO), (young !r.), Castillo 2 (MO). Ocotea delicata Vicentini, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 02°53'S, 59°58'W, 5 May 1995 (fl), tree 2534- 06, A. Vicentini et al. 952 (holotype, INPA; isotypes, K, MG, MO, SP). Figure 4. Ocoteae laxae et O. tarapotanae foliis subtriplinervibus, nervis parum impressis similis, foliis edomatiatis ramul- isque dense tomentellis reeedit. Small tree, to 10 m. Branching presents contin- 270 Novon 1 mm 1 mm F 1 mm figure 4. Ocotea delicata Yicentini. —A. Habit. —B. Details of the upper (at top) and lower leaf surfaces. —C. Detail of the dense indument on the petiole. —I). Staminate flower. —E. Stamen of whorl III with lateral glands (upper Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 271 uous growth. Twigs subcylindrical, 1—1.5 mm diam. 5 cm below the terminal bud, completely covered by short light brown (grayish) erect hairs, slowly becoming sparse with age; terminal buds ca. 2 mm long, covered by the same erect indument. Leaves alternate, pseudo-distichous, evenly distributed in ± pendulous branches (field observation), 5—14 X 2—5.5 cm, chartaceous, elliptic; the apex caudate (acumen 7—18 mm long), rarely acute; the base acute with recurved margins; margins otherwise flat; lamina not clearly gland-dotted, usually drying dull green, the lower surface with short erect hairs on the venation, denser on the midrib and sparse to absent on the surface, persisting on mature leaves; midrib and secondary veins also pubescent on the upper surface of mature leaves, at least on the lamina base, midrib and secondary veins prom¬ inent on both surfaces; secondary veins 4 to 5 pairs, basal veins distinct, more acute arching and longer than rest, forming a sub-tripliveined venation, es¬ sentially all veins clearly loop-connected, but sometimes the basal ones free; tertiary veins slight¬ ly prominent beneath and inconspicuous above, ± perpendicular to midvein in the inner and lower half, elsewhere reticulate, or completely reticulate, the reticulation coarse; domatia absent; petiole 0.7— 1.4 cm long, slender (ca. 1 mm thick), subcylindr¬ ical and completely covered by the same indument as twigs. Inflorescence in the axils of normal leaves, 4—10 cm long, paniculate-cymose, 2 or 3 orders ol branching; branches ± perpendicular to the main branch; pedicels and distal intemodes of cymes well developed, individual flowers clearly separate at the tips of inflorescence branches, pedicels with same short erect hairs as twigs, the indument dense and becoming sparser toward the flowers; bracts and bracteoles caducous at anthesis. Flowers uni¬ sexual, ca. 2 mm diam.; pedicels longer than flow¬ ers, 2-2.5 mm long, with erect hairs, sparse or dense but not completely covering the surface; all tepals equal, yellow, erect at anthesis, ovate, ca. 1.5 mm long, hyaline, pubescent on outer surface and almost glabrous inside. Staminate flowers with 9, 4- celled stamens (sometimes whorl IV also fertile, if so with 2 anther cells); outer 6 stamens ca. 0.8 mm long, filament ca. 0.4 mm long, glabrous, as wide as the anther’s base, the cells introrse in two rows, completely filling the anther, upper ones smaller than the lower ones; inner 3 stamens ca. 0.8 mm long, the filaments as long as and slightly narrower than anthers, glabrous, anthers triangular, lower cells extrorse-latrorse, upper ones clearly latrorse, opening toward the connective, with two flattened glands at the base, shorter than filaments; whorl IV variable in flowers of the same inflorescence, com¬ pletely absent, or stipitiform, sterile and pubescent, or fertile with only two anther cells, or with a glan¬ dular head, and sometimes also presenting glands at the base; pistillode glabrous with a conspicuous stigma, as high as inner stamens; the receptacle shallow, almost flat, and densely pubescent inside. Pistillate flowers with 9 staminodes, these ca. 0.2 mm long, filaments glabrous, with small flattened glands at the base of the inner 3; the pistil glabrous, ca. 1 mm long, the style shorter and almost indis¬ tinct from ovary, these half inside a pubescent re¬ ceptacle, the stigma triangular. Fruits globose, ca. 1 cm diam.; cupule small, ca. 7 mm diam., shallow and with persistent tepals; pedicel clavifonn and ca. 1.5 cm long. Phenology. Flowers: May and June. Fruits: Au¬ gust. Habitat. Terra firme forest on clay soil. Ocotea delicata is a small tree that can be easily recognized by its tripliveined leaves, slightly im¬ pressed major veins, and the densely tomentellous twigs and inflorescences. It shares with Ocotea laxa (Nees) Mez and Ocotea tarapotana (Meisner) Mez, both members of the Ocotea cernua group (sensu Rohwer, 1986), tripliveined leaves with slightly im¬ pressed major veins. However, these two species have glabrous or sparsely appressed pubescent twigs (the indument not obscuring the surface as in 0. delicata ), glabrous or almost glabrous flowers and inflorescence branches, and domatia in the ax¬ ils of the lowermost lateral veins. These vegetative characters alone allow an easy distinction of these species. In addition, in staminate flowers of 0. laxa and O. tarapotana the pistillode is reduced to ab¬ sent or at least without a conspicuous stigma, and the glands of inner stamens are globose, not flat¬ tened as in 0. delicata. The fruits and cupules of Ocotea tarapotana are not yet known; O. laxa has a fruit and cupule (with persistent tepals) similar to those of 0. delicata. Ocotea delicata is only known from the vicinity of Manaus and toward the east until the Rio Trombetas, on the north side of the Amazon Basin. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva view). —F. Stamen of whorl I. —G. Stamen (left) and starninode of whorl IV. —H. Pistillate flower. —1. Pistil. —J. Staminodes of whorls I and III (right, note flattened glands). —K. Fruit. (A—G from holotype, Vicentini et at. 952; H— J from Rodrigues & Osmarino 6935; K from Vicentini 658.) Drawn by Angelic Katz Nara. 272 Novon Florestal Ducke, 02°53'S, 59°58'W, Santos & Lima 959 (INPA, K, MG, MO, SP), (fr). tree 1757-06, Vicentini el al. 658 (INPA, K, MG, MO, SP), (fl), tree 1757-06, Vicen¬ tini el al. 1186 (INPA, K. MG, MO, SP), (fl), Rodrigues & Osmarino 6935 (MO, NY), (fl), Ramos & Oliveira 730 (INPA). Para: Oriximind, Porto Trombetas, km 60 Road Minera^flo do Norte (fr), Cid et al. 1888 (INPA). Ocotea immersa van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Peru. Depto. Loreto: Prov. Requena, Arbore¬ tum Jenaro Herrera, tree 4/36, A. Castillo s.n. (holotype, MO). Figure 5. Ad gregem Ocoteae minarum pertinens, ab illis specie- bus foliis edornatiatis, laevibus, apice rotundatis differt. Trees, to 25 m. Twigs with rounded ridges, the apices densely and finely appressed pubescent, the induinent light brown and covering the distal few cm completely but the twigs quickly glabrescent with age; terminal buds densely and finely ap¬ pressed pubescent. Leaves 13-25 X 4.5-7 cm, al¬ ternate, evenly distributed along the twigs, (narrow¬ ly) obovate, firmly chartaceous; the apex obtuse or rounded; the base gradually narrowed and decur¬ rent on the petiole; the margins frequently inrolled; very young leaves with some appressed hairs, but soon glabrous on both surfaces; upper surface with midrib, lateral veins, and tertiary venation im¬ mersed or faintly raised; lower surface with midrib raised, lateral veins and tertiary venation immersed or nearly so; lateral veins 5 to 8 on each side; dom- atia lacking; petioles not distinct from the decurrent leaf bases, flat on the upper side, appressed pu¬ bescent when young, glabrescent with age. Inflo¬ rescences in the axils of normal leaves, 10-20 cm long, paniculate-cymose, minutely puberulous, the induinent becoming denser toward the flowers. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, 4.0-4.5 mm diam.; the tepals spreading at anthesis, elliptic- ovate, ca. 2 mm long, very sparsely puberulous out¬ side, inner 3 tepals densely pubescent inside, outer 3 moderately pubescent inside. Hermaphrodite flowers with 9, 4-celled stamens; the outer 6 ca. 1 mm long, the filament ca. 0.2 mm long, pubescent, the anther rectangular, glabrous, with the introrse cells in two rows; the inner 3 stamens ca. 1.2 mm long, the filament ca. 0.4 mm long, with a few hairs, the anther glabrous, the cells lateral-extrorse, in 2 rows; the inner 3 stamens with 2 small glands at the base; staminodia not seen; pistil 1.5 mm long, with a few small, appressed hairs and a distinctly swollen base; receptacle shallow, densely pubes¬ cent inside. Pistillate flowers with 9 staminodia, these ca. 0.5 mm long, the cells not opening, fila¬ ments ± pubescent, glands present at the base of the inner 3 stamens; pistil glabrous, ca. 1.5 mm long, the stigma distinct, papillose; receptacle shal¬ low, glabrous inside. Fruits ellipsoid, 2 X 1.4 cm; cupule a small plate (ca. 6 mm diam.) on a thick¬ ened pedicel. Vernacular. Peru: “Palta moena.” Phenology. Flowers: July, November, and De¬ cember. Fruits: December. Habitat. Campinarana forest on white-sand soil. Ocotea immersa belongs to the 0 . minarum group of Rohwer (1986) because of its small, plate¬ like cupule and thickened pedicel in fruit, its seemingly hermaphrodite and pistillate flowers, and the long, slender terminal buds with dense, ap¬ pressed pubescence. Within this group it stands apart by its leaves with a rounded or obtuse apex, the absence of domatia, and its immersed venation. Only one other species, 0. obovata (Ruiz & Pavon) Mez, has a rounded leaf apex and lacks domatia, but that species occurs in the Peruvian Andes and has clearly raised venation (in the original descrip¬ tion its leaves are described as venosissima). Other useful characters for 0 . immersa are its glabrous leaves, the finely appressed pubescence on the young twigs, the dense pubescence on the inner surface of the tepals, and the pubescent receptacle of the hermaphrodite flowers, while pistillate flow¬ ers have a glabrous receptacle. In describing this species as having both her¬ maphrodite and pistillate flowers I follow Rohwer (1986). Whether the flowers with functional sta¬ mens are really hermaphrodite is still not clear. These flowers possess a pistil with a clearly swollen base, suggesting the pistil is functional. In most Ocotea species with unisexual flowers the staminate flowers either lack a pistillode or the pistillode is very slender to thread-like and does not have a swollen base. The two collections with young fruits have a few staminodia attached to the cupule, and have the inside of the receptacle glabrous, indicat¬ ing these fruits developed from pistillate flowers. Therefore, it remains to be demonstrated that fruits develop from the flowers which I describe here as hermaphrodite. The fruiting collection from the Re- serva Florestal Ducke ( Vicentini et al. 784) has ir¬ regularly swollen, corky pedicels, which are partly hollow. This seems to be a result of a fungal infec¬ tion. The collection Vasquez et al. 1012 has non- diseased fruits and pedicels; it was used in making the description. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 02°53'S, 59°58'W (fr), Vicentini et al. 784 (INPA, MO, SP), (fl), Vicentini et al. 798 (INPA, MO, SP), (fl), Vicentini et al. 1225 (INPA, MO, SP). PERU. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 273 5 cm 1 cm Figure 5. Ocotea immersa van tier Werff. —A. Habit. —C. longitudinal section of a pistillate flower. —I). Pistil Drawn by Angelic Katz Nara. —B. Details ol the upper (at top) and lower leaf surfaces. —E. Fruit. (A—D from Vicentini 798 ; E from Vazquez 1012.) Depto. Loreto: Prov. Requena, Arboretum Jenaro Her¬ rera, 4°50'S, 73°45'W, without date (fr), tree 5/43, sine coll., s.n. (MO), (buds), sine coll., s.n. (MO), (fl). tree 4/36, A. Castillo s.n. (MO), (fr), Grandez A Aguilar 6041 (MO), (fr), Vasquez et al. 1012 (MO), (young fr), van der Werff et al. 9965 (MO), (young fr), van der Werff et al. 10041 (MO), (fl & young fr), van der Werff et al. 10097 (MO). Ocotea ligulata van der Werfl, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Amazonas: Distr. Agropecuario, Reser- va 1501 (km 41) of the WWF/INPA MGS Pro¬ ject, 6 Dec. 1988 (11), S. Mori et al. 20190 (holotype, MO; isotypes, INPA, NY). Figure 6. 274 Novon Figure 6. Ocolea ligulata van der Werff. —A. Habit. —B. Inflorescences near tip of twig. —C. Flower. —D. Stamen of whorl 111 with large glands. —E. Gupule with fruit. (A-D from Mori 20190: E from Mori 20574.) Drawn by Alba L. Arbelaez. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 275 Ocoteae cymbarum affinis sed floribus dense pubescen- tibus, cupula profunda, simplici-marginata recedit. Trees, to 35 m. Twigs angular-ridged, the very tip sparsely appressed pubescent, but very soon be¬ coming glabrous, solid; terminal buds rather sparsely appressed pubescent. Leaves 8—13 X 3— 4.5 cm, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, alternate, stiffly chartaeeous; apex acute or somewhat acuminate; base acute to obtuse; leaves glabrous; midrib weak¬ ly raised on upper surface, raised on lower surface; lateral veins and tertiary venation immersed on both surfaces, tertiary venation forming a fine re¬ ticulum, this and the lateral veins lighter in color than the laminae; lateral veins 6 to 8 on each side, poorly visible; domatia lacking; petioles 1-1.5 cm long, darker than the twigs, canaliculate, glabrous. Inflorescences to 5 cm long, paniculate-cymose, in the axils of bracts near the tips of the branches, moderately pubescent near the base, more densely so toward the flowers, the hairs ascending. Flowers hermaphrodite, 7-9 mm diam., greenish yellow; te- pals ca. 3.5 mm long, elliptic-ovate, spreading to reflexed at anthesis, the outside completely covered by a gray-brown indument, the inside moderately papillose but the very base pubescent; stamens 9, 4-celled; the outer 6 ca. 2 mm long, tongue-shaped, somewhat narrowed near the base but without a dis¬ tinct filament, the sterile tip ca. 0.5 mm long, pa¬ pillose and with some hairs near the base, the cells introrse and arranged in 2 pairs; the inner 3 sta¬ mens slender, ± columnar, ca. 2 mm long, the an¬ thers ca. 0.8 mm long, papillose, the cells lateral in 2 pairs, the filament covered by the large (1.2 mm long) glands; staminodia 3, stipitiform, ca. 0.6 mm long, densely pubescent; pistil ca. 2.5 mm long, glabrous; receptacle deeply cup-shaped, gla¬ brous inside. Fruits ellipsoid, ca. 2 X 1.5 cm, pur¬ ple at maturity; cupule deeply cup-shaped, 2.5 X 2.5 cm, with a single margin, enclosing half or more of the fruit. Phenology. Flowers: December. Fruits: July. Habitat. Terra firme forest on clay soil. The ligulate stamens with a sterile tip place Oco- tea ligulata in the subgenus Dendrodaphne (Beur- ling) Mez, a small group of less than 10 known species. Additional characters of this subgenus, not present in all species, are the position of the inflo¬ rescences in the axils of bracts, the presence of a cupule with a double margin, the papillose indu¬ ment on the stamens and inner surface of the te- pals, and the dark color of the petioles in dried specimens, usually darker than the twigs. Three of the species belonging to this subgenus are relative¬ ly common, O. dendrodaphne Mez and O. vera- guensis (Meisner) Mez from Central America and 0. cymbarum HBK from the lowlands of Venezuela, Colombia, and Brazil. A few species are rarely col¬ lected, 0. fragrantissima Ducke from Amazonian Brazil, 0. quixos (Lamarck) Kostermans from east¬ ern Ecuador, O. staminea (Grisebach) Mez from Ja¬ maica, and the recently described 0. morae Gomez- Laurito from Costa Rica. Vegetatively, 0. ligulata most resembles O. cymbarum and 0. quixos. The latter two species differ in having sparsely pubes¬ cent flowers with part of the outer surface of the tepals always visible and in their different cupules. Ocotea cymbarum has a shallow, funnel-shaped cu¬ pule, this becoming plate-like at maturity with a double margin (the inner and outer margin have the same length), while O. quixos has a funnel-shaped cupule with the outer margin up to 1 cm longer than the inner margin. Twigs and leaves of 0. quix¬ os have a strong smell of cinnamon, which is lack¬ ing in 0. cymbarum and 0. ligulata. Ocotea cym¬ barum frequently has hollow twigs (especially older twigs) and occurs in flooded forest, whereas 0. lig¬ ulata has solid twigs and is only known from terra firme forest. Ocotea rhynchophylla (Meisner) Mez has a small sterile tip of the stamens and can be confused with 0. ligulata, but differs in having gla¬ brous stamens (papillose in O. ligulata), a smaller cupule (1.5 X 1.5 cm vs. 2.5 X 2.5 cm), and spreading to half-erect (vs. reflexed) tepals. Ocotea ligulata is only known from the vicinity of Manaus. The two Mori collections were previously deter¬ mined as Aniba rosaeodora Ducke and Ocotea aci- phylla (Nees) Mez and may have been distributed under those names. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Distrito Agropecu- 4rio, Reserva 1501 (km 41) of the PDBFF project. 2°24'S, 59°43'W (fr), Mori et al. 20574 (MO, NY). Fazenda Porto Alegre, Reserva 3402. tree 637 (fr). Dick 133 (MO. NY). Ocotea minor Vicentini, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 02°53'S, 59°58'W, 3 Apr. 1997 (fl), tree 1211- 06, P. A. C. L. Assungdo et al. 485 (holotype, INPA; isotypes, MO, SP). Figure 7. Ad gregem Ocoteae cernuae pertinens et Ocoteae pau- ciflorae affinis, sed inflorescentiis multifloris foliisque domatiis praeditis recedit. Dioecious trees to 20 m. Branching presents con¬ tinuous growth. Twigs initially angular, soon becom¬ ing cylindrical, 1.5-2 mm diam. 5 cm below ter¬ minal bud, with extremely short appressed hairs, indument light brown, moderate, becoming sparse with age; terminal buds completely covered by lon¬ ger appressed hairs. Leaves alternate, evenly dis- 276 Novon 1 mm Figure 7. Ocotea minor Vicentini. —A. Habit. —B. Details of the upper (at top) and lower leaf surfaces. —C. Staminate flower. —D. Stamen of whorl I. —E. Stamen of whorl 111 (left, with glands removed). —F. Staminode of whorl IV. —G. Pistillate flower. —H. Pistil. —I. Staminodes of whorls I and 111. —J. Fruit. (A-F from holotype, Assun^&o 485; G-l from hmreiro el al. s.n.; J from Assun$ao 662.) Drawn by Angelic Katz Nara. tributed along branches, 4—9 X 1.2-2.7 cm, firmly chartaceous, usually obovate; the apex caudate (acumen 7—17 mm); the base narrowly attenuate and flat beneath; the margins flat; lamina not clear¬ ly gland-dotted, glabrous or nearly so, usually dry¬ ing dull grayish on the upper and light brown on the lower surfaces, not waxy; midrib prominent on both surfaces, more clearly on the upper one; sec¬ ondary veins 5 to 7 pairs, all veins loop-connected at ca. 2 mm from margins, essentially straight but most basal ones evenly arching and more acute, slightly prominent on both surfaces; tertiary vena- Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 277 tion randomly reticulate, slightly raised beneath and almost inconspicuous above, the reticulation coarse; domatia consisting of small depressions, these sometimes with a hairy margin; petiole 0.6- 0.7 cm long, sulcate, same color as stem, with sparse appressed hairs. Inflorescences in the axils of normal leaves, 1—5 cm long, 3 orders of branch¬ ing; peduncle and lateral branches with patent hairs, the indument dense but leaving surface vis¬ ible and becoming sparser toward flowers; bracts and bracteoles caducous at anthesis. Flowers uni¬ sexual, ca. 2—3 mm diam.; pedicels as long as flow¬ ers, ca. 1—1.5 mm long, with sparse appressed hairs; tepals equal, cream, erect at anthesis, nar¬ rowly ovate, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous on both sur¬ faces. Staminate flowers with 9, 4-celled stamens; the outer 6 ca. 0.7 mm long, filament ca. 0.2 mm long, glabrous, distinctly narrower than anthers, and partially fused with tepals, anthers widely ovate, glabrous, with introrse cells in two rows, the connectives flat, not extended beyond cells; inner 3 stamens ca. 0.7 mm long, filaments as long as and slightly narrower than anthers, with a few hairs at the base, anthers rectangular, glabrous, lower cells introrse, upper ones latrorse or ± apical, then opening toward the connective, the connectives flat, not extended beyond cells, with two reniform glands at the base, these as long as filaments; stam- inodes of whorl IV absent, pistillode pubescent with a blackish but not well developed stigma; recep¬ tacle shallow, densely hairy inside. Pistillate flow¬ ers with 9 staminodes (those of whorl IV sometimes also present, stipitiform and hairy), these ca. 0.5 mm long, filaments glabrous, inner ones with two glands at the base; pistil glabrous, ca. 1 mm long, style shorter and almost indistinct from ovary, these half inside a pubescent receptacle, stigma distinct, 3-lobed, and papillose. Fruit ellipsoid, ca. 1 X 0.6 cm; tlie cupule shallowly cup-shaped, smooth, with a single margin, ca. 5 mm high X 6 mm wide. Phenology. Flowers: March and April. Fruits: September. Habitat. Terra firme forest on sandy-clay soil. Ocotea minor is similar to Ocotea cinerea, and the two species can be separated in the following way: O. minor has a pubescent pistillode, erect te¬ pals at anthesis, small flowers (up to 3 mm diam.), and the filaments of the outer 6 stamens partly fused with the tepals; on the other hand, 0 . cinerea has a glabrous pistillode, spreading tepals at an¬ thesis, larger flowers (4.5 mm diam.), and the fila¬ ments of the outer 6 stamens free. Ocotea cinerea also often has slightly obovate leaves, which are a little larger than the elliptic leaves of O. minor. Ocotea minor shares with the 0. cernua group (sen- su Rohwer, f986) filaments of the outer 6 stamens that are partly fused with the tepals. Although spe¬ cies delimitation within the 0 . cernua group is problematic (Rohwer, 1986), 0 . minor most closely resembles 0. paucifiora (Nees) Mez of the species in this group. Ocotea paucifiora differs from O. mi¬ nor in its few-flowered inflorescences, somewhat nodding flowers, and the absence of domatia. Oco¬ tea minor is known from the central and eastern Amazon basin in Brazil. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 02°53'S, 59°58'W (fr). tree 821-06, \s- sunyao et al. 66 2 (INPA, MO, SP). (fl), tree 821-06. Ri- beiro et al. 1889 (INPA, MO, SP). (fl). Rodrigues & (h- marino 6887 (INPA, NY), (st). Gentry A Nelson 69094 (INPA. MO); Manaus—Itacoatira road, km 145 (11), hmretro et al. s.n. (INPA 35846) (INPA). Marunhao: Sta. Luiza, Bom Jesus on BR 222. Fazenda Batuta, km 2 (11), Taylor et al. El 181 (MO, MO, NY); Fazenda Agripec (Varig Air¬ lines), 7 km W of Buriticupu on BR222 (buds), Taylor et al. El 140 (MG, MO. NY). Ocotea nigrescens Vicentini, sp. nov. TYPE: Bra¬ zil. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 02°53'S, 59°58'W, 2 Dec. 1964 (fl), W. Rodrigues & Osmarino 6767 (holotype, INPA; isotype, NY). Figure 8. Ocoteae bofo et 0. rubrinervis similis, sed foliis glabris, non glandulo-punetatis, tepalis post antliesin deciduis re¬ cedi t. Tree up to 30 m tall. Twigs angular, soon becom¬ ing cylindrical, ca. 2 mm diam. 5 cm below ter¬ minal bud, with extremely short erect hairs (minute, the orientation not evident), the indument moderate to sparse, minute, leaving surface visible and gla- brescent, the surface smooth and usually drying blackish; terminal bud completely covered by ap¬ pressed hairs. Leaves alternate, evenly distributed along twigs, 7—16 X 2.5—6.5 cm, ca. 2 times longer than wide, rigid chartaceous, broadly elliptic to ovate; the apex acuminate, ca. 1—1.6 cm long; the base obtuse, rounded to cuneate; the margin flat or only at the base slightly recurved; lamina not (dear¬ ly gland-dotted, glabrous or nearly so, the upper surface usually drying dull blackish with whitish reticulation and veins; midrib above slightly prom¬ inent, becoming flat toward the base, strongly prom¬ inent beneath; secondary veins 4 to 7 pairs, pen- ninerved, evenly arching, the basal pairs longer, diverging more acutely from midrib than rest, all loop-connected in the distal part of lamina, the two most basal pairs closer together than rest, above slightly raised and strongly prominent beneath; ter¬ tiary venation reticulate and slightly raised be- 278 Novon Figure 8. Ocotea nigrescent Vicentini. —A. Habit. —B. Details of the upper (at top) and lower leaf surfaces. —C. Staminate flowers. —I). Stamen of whorl I. —E. Stamen of whorl III. —G. Pistil. —H. Staminode of a pistillate flower. I. Fruit. (A, B, and G, H from Assun^ao 418 ; G—E from Alutso 237 ; I from Assungao 520.) Drawn by Angelic Katz Nara. neath, but more conspicuous above; doinatia con¬ sisting of tufts of whitish hairs, present in the axils of most secondary veins, rarely absent; petiole 0.6— 1 cm long, deeply canaliculate to infolded, with the same minute indument as twigs, sparser and soon glabrous. Inflorescences 1.5—7 cm long, borne in the axils of normal leaves, 2 to 3 orders of branch¬ ing; peduncles and branches with minute erect (or crisped) whitish to yellowish hairs, indument dense but leaving surface visible; bracts and bracteoles caducous at anthesis. Flowers unisexual, ca. 2—3 mm diam.; pedicels as long as or shorter than flow¬ ers, ca. 1-1.5 mm long, with sparse minute erect hairs; tepals equal, white, erect at anthesis, ca. 1.2 mm long, glabrous or nearly so on both surfaces. Staminate flowers with 9, 4-celled stamens; the out¬ er 6 ca. 0.8 mm long, filament ca. 0.2 mm long, glabrous, narrower and shorter than anthers, these Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 279 glabrous and with introrse cells in two rows, the connective not extended, flat or shortly apieulate; the inner 3 stamens ca. 0.8 mm long, filaments gla¬ brous, narrower and shorter (ca. 1/2) than anthers, these rectangular, upper cells latrorse, lower ones extrorse-latrorse, connectives not extended, flat or emarginate, glands reniform as high as filaments; staminodes ol whorl IV not seen; pistillode gla¬ brous, without a stigma or only with a discolored style apex (rarely enlarged), shorter than inner sta¬ mens and in a shallow receptacle, which is glabrous or nearly so inside. Pistillate flowers with 9 stami¬ nodes, these ca. 0.5 mm long, filaments glabrous, narrower and shorter than anthers, glands of inner three stamens larger than filaments; pistil glabrous, ca. 1.5 mm long, style less than 1/2 the length of ovary, the ovary almost entirely enclosed in the re¬ ceptacle, which is glabrous inside, stigma large, discoid, at anthesis included in the flower. Fruits ovoid, ca. 10 X 5 mm; the cupule deeply cup¬ shaped, warty (not lenticellate), with a single mar¬ gin, ca. 5 mm high X 8 mm wide. Vernacular. Brazil: “Louro-preto.” Phenology. Flowers: September, October, No¬ vember, and December. Fruits: April and June. Habitat. Terra firme forest on clay soil. Ocotea nigrescens is easy to recognize by its leaves that are blackish when dry (hence the epi¬ thet) and have conspicuous whitish reticulation and veins on the upper surface, and by the secondary veins acutely arching, strongly prominent and dis¬ tinctly loop-connected beneath, with the basal pairs closer together than the rest, and usually with dom- atia on their axils. Ocotea bofo HBK and Ocotea rubrinervis Mez, the latter probably a synonym of the former (H. van der Werff, pers. comm.), have very similar leaves, which also present domatia. However, both are shrubs or treelets that have leaves clearly gland-dotted on the upper surface, with short erect hairs on the lower one, and the Iruits present a shallow cupule and persistent te- pals. While Ocotea nigrescens occurs toward the east of Manaus, apparently limited on the west by the Rio Negro and Rio Madeira, 0. bofo (including O. rubrinervis) is known only from the western Am¬ azon (Peru, Colombia, Ecuador), Venezuela (Ori¬ noco basin), and Panama. Ocotea nigrescens is known from eastern Para, Mato Grosso, Rondonia, and Amazonas states in Brazil. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus. Reserva Florestal Ducke, 02°53'S, 59°58'W (ft). Aluisio 237 (INPA), (fl), Aluisio 240 (INPA, MO), (fl), tree 1731-06, Assungao et al. 418 (INPA, MO, SP), (fr), tree 1731—06, Assungao et al. 520 (INPA, MO. SP), (buds). Prance et al. 2622 (A306) (INPA), (young fr), Vicentini et al. 823 (INPA, MO, SP); Distrito Agropecuario, Reserva 1501 (km 41) of the WWF/INPA MCS Project. 02°24'S, 59°43'W (fl). Hoorn et al. 8698 (MO. NY), (buds). Boom et al. 8528 (INPA. MO. NY), (fl), Mori et al. 20203 (INPA. MO, NY); Distrito Agropecuario, Fazenda Porto Alegre, Reserva 3304 of the WWF/INPA MCS Project, 02°22'S, 59°57'W (young fr), tree 159. Mars et al. s.n. (MO, NY), Reserva 1302 of the INPA/W WF MCS Project (buds), tree 2430, sine coll, s.n., INPA 191109 (INPA); Novo Airao, Area Indfgena Waimiri-Atroari, Aldeia Mare, 01°45'S, 61°15'W (young fr), tree 1699, Miller et al. 666 (INPA. MO); Rio. Negro, 120 km above Barcelos (fl). Madison et al. 6173 (MO). Mato Grosso: Rio Juruena (fr). Rosa & Santos 2195 (MG, MO, NY). Para: Santarem, km 70 da estrada do Palhao, ramal do Caetetu (fl), Silva & Souza 2546 (MG, MO, NY); km 1131, Cuiaba—Santarem Highway. Igarape Natal (fl). Prance et al. P25445 (MG. MO, NY); km 1 115, Cuiabd—Santarem Highway, 6°50'S, 55°30'W (fr), Amaral et al. 792 (MO). Rondonia: Porto Velho, estrada Bel¬ monte (fl), Mota A Coelho 92 (INPA); Porto Velho, hwy. BR 364, 20 km F.NE of junction with hwy. BR 325, 9°43'S, 65°10'W (st). Nee 34940 (MO, NY). Ocotea ohliqua Vicentini, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Amazonas: Manaus, Manaus-Itacoatiara road, km 135, 5 Dec. 1966 (fl), W. Rodrigues & Os- marino 8284 (holotype, INPA; isotypes, MO, NY). Figure 9. A ceteris speciebus Amazoniae ramulis dense ferrugi- neo-puberulis, foliis majoribus, subtus secus nerviis dense puberulis et cupula parva disciforme recedit. Tree to 30 m. Branching presents sylleptic growth, i.e., initial growth without producing leaves, which are evenly distributed on upper half of flush¬ es. Twigs cylindrical and strongly ridged, ca. 3—4 mm diam. 5 cm below terminal bud, the apices and terminal buds completely covered by short crisped ferrugineous hairs, the indument becoming light brown and diminishing with age. Leaves alternate, 9—18 X 4—9 cm, coriaceous, broadly elliptic; the apex acuminate (acumen ca. 1.5 cm long); the base rounded to obtuse; the margins flat; lamina glabrous above, usually drying gray with reddish veins, fine¬ ly gland-dotted, on the lower surface drying reddish brown, with short erect and crisped hairs, the in¬ dument dense but leaving surface visible, decreas¬ ing with age, but persisting on the veins (indument very hard to see, even with a microscope); midrib strongly prominent beneath, flat or slightly raised above; secondary veins 7 to 8 pairs, strongly prom¬ inent beneath, almost flat above, equally arching, essentially free, but most apical ones loop-con¬ nected; tertiary venation distinctly oblique (scalar- iform), slightly raised on the lower surface; domatia absent; petiole 1.5—2.5 cm long, flat above, with same indument as twigs, glabrescent with age. In¬ florescences in the axils of normal leaves, 7-14 cm long, 4 orders of branching; peduncle and lateral 280 Novon 1 mm P igure 9. Ocotea obliqua Vicentini. —A. Habit. —B. Details of the upper (at top) and lower leaf surfaces. —C. Staminate flower. —D. Stamen of whorl I. —E. Stamen of whorl Ill, lateral view. —F. Staminode of whorl IV, lateral view. —G. Fruit. (A-F from Rodrigues 8984; G from Rodrigues 7220.) Drawn by Angelic Katz Nara. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 281 branches covered by a dense indument of short and crisped ferrugineous hairs; bracts anti braeteoles caducous at anthesis. Flowers unisexual, 1.5-2 mm diam.; pedicels shorter than flowers, < 1 mm long, pubescent, indument sparser than on inflorescence branches; tepals equal, white, erect at anthesis, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous or nearly so on both surfaces. Staminate flowers with 9, 4-celled stamens; the out¬ er 6 ca. 1.5 mm long, filaments sparsely pubescent, longer and distinctly narrower than anthers, these rectangular, glabrous, upper cells introrse and smaller than the lower ones, which are introrse- latrorse; the inner 3 stamens ca. 1.5 mm long, fil¬ aments glabrous or nearly so, longer and distinctly narrower than anthers, lower cells extrorse-latrorse and upper ones introrse-latrorse, glands reniform and shorter than filaments; staminodes of whorl IV, ca. 0.5 mm long, stipitiform and pubescent or ab¬ sent; pistillode without a stigma, glabrous or nearly so; receptacle shallow and densely pubescent in¬ side. Pistillate flowers unknown. Fruits ellipsoid, ca. 3X2 cm; cupule plate-like, ca. 1.3 cm wide X 2 mm high; the pedicels swollen, 2-3 cm long. Vernacular. “Louro-cedro.” Phenology. Flowers: October and December. Fruits: October and May. Habitat. Terra firme forest on clay soil. Ocotea ohliqua is easy to recognize vegetatively by its densely puberulous twigs, and the large el¬ liptical leaves with distinct oblique tertiary vena¬ tion (hence the epithet), that usually dry reddish, with short erect hairs below. The dense, reddish brown indument on the twigs is reminiscent of such species as 0. amazonica (Meisner) Mez, O. rhodo- phylla, and 0 . percurrens, but these species have smaller leaves and the indument on their twigs is longer. The hairs on the twigs of 0 . obliqua are so short that one can scarcely see their orientation, in contrast to the other species where the hairs are erect. Relationships of 0 . obliqua are not known to me. The small, plate-like cupules are also found in the 0 . minarum group, but species of that group have different flowers and slender, long terminal buds, which are lacking in 0 . obliqua. For the time being the new species has to be considered an iso¬ lated species without obvious close relatives. Oco¬ tea obliqua is known only from the type locality. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Estrada Manaus— Itacoatiara, km 131 (fl). Rodrigues 8984 (INPA, MO), (buds), Rodrigues 9867 (MO), km 135 (fr). Rodrigues 7220 (INPA), (fr), Osmarino s.n.. INPA 27370 (INPA). Ocotea percurrens Vicentini, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 2°53'S, 59°58'W, 12 Jan. 1965 (fl), W. Rodrigues & Osmarino 6835 (holotype, INPA). Figure 10. Ocoteae amazonicae similis, sed folds domatiis prae- ditis, receptaculo florum masculinorum bitus pubescente recedit. Trees to 35 m tall and up to 40 cm DBH. Branching presents sylleptie growth, i.e., branch- lets initially grow without producing leaves, which are alternate and evenly distributed on the distal part of flushes. Twigs initially angular soon becom¬ ing cylindrical, 2.5^1 mm diam. 5 cm below the terminal bud, covered by a ferrugineous indument of erect and crisped hairs, these becoming grayish with age, and persisting so for at least two flushes; terminal buds covered by the same indument. Leaves 4.8—13.7 X 2.3—5.1 cm, ca. 2—3 times lon¬ ger than wide, coriaceous, elliptic; the apex acu¬ minate to attenuate (acumen 0.7-2.1 cm long); the base acute to oblique; the margin slightly recurved; lamina upper surface drying grayish, not clearly gland-dotted, with short erect hairs on veins, at least on midrib, lower surface brownish, with short erect or patent hairs, dense but leaving surface vis¬ ible, indument decreasing with age, and eventually leaving upper surface glabrous, but at least persis¬ tent on the veins beneath; midrib raised on both surfaces; secondary veins 4 to 7 pairs, penninerved, evenly arching, the most basal pair longer and more acutely diverging from midrib than most apical, thus loop-connected at the distal part of leaves, slightly raised above, prominent beneath; tertiary venation scalariform, i.e., tertiaries parallel and perpendicular to midrib, flat above, slightly raised beneath; domatia consisting of whitish erect hairs, present in the axils of most secondary veins; peti¬ oles 0.5—1.2 cm long, flat above or with lateral ridg¬ es, but not canaliculate, with same pubescence as twigs, persisting dense on the petiole of old leaves. Inflorescences 4—7.2 cm long, borne in the axils of normal leaves, 1 to 2 orders of branching; peduncle and lateral branches completely covered by short and ferrugineous erect and crisped hairs, indument becoming shorter and sparser toward the flowers; bracts and braeteoles caducous at anthesis. Flowers unisexual, 2.5—3 mm diam.; pedicels shorter than flowers, ca. 1 mm long, minutely puberulous; tepals equal, cream, spreading at anthesis, ca. 1.5 cm long, outside minutely puberulous, inside glabrous or nearly so. Staminate flowers with 9, 4-celled sta¬ mens; outer 6 ca. 0.8 mm long, filaments glabrous, and narrower and shorter than anthers (ca. half their length), anthers ca. 0.5 mm long, cells in two rows, upper pair introrse, lower one latrorse-in- trorse, connectives not extended beyond them, flat to emarginate; inner 3 stamens ca. 0.5 mm long, filaments glabrous or hairy inside, narrower and shorter than anthers, upper anther cells latrorse- 282 Novon 1 mm Figure 10. Ocotea percurrens Vicentini. —A. Habit. —B. Details of the upper (at top) and lower leaf surfaces. — C. Detail of branch and petiole indument. —D. Staminate flower. —E. Stamens of whorl I (lateral and inner views). —F. Stamen of whorl III. —G. Pistillate flower. —H. Pistil. —I. Fruit. (A—F from Prance et al. 3846 except lower surface on B, from Prance et al. 3784: G. H from Rodrigues & Rosmarino 6826: 1 from Rodrigues & hmreiro 7091.) Drawn by Angelic Katz Nara. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 283 apical, lower pair extrorse-latrorse, connectives not extended, usually emarginate, glands reniform and sessile, as long as filaments; staminodes of whorl IV stipitiform, pubescent or glabrous; pistillode with a stigma or sometimes with only a discolored and not enlarged apex, glabrous or nearly so, ovary almost entirely enclosed by the receptacle, which is pubescent inside. Pistillate flowers with 12 (rare¬ ly 9) staminodes, the outer 9 ca. 0.3 mm long, gla¬ brous, those of whorl III with globose glands at the base, and those of whorl IV stipitiform and pubes¬ cent; pistil glabrous or nearly so, almost entirely enclosed by the receptacle, this glabrous inside, the stigma discoid. Fruit ellipsoid, 0.9-1.5 X 0.5—0.8 cm; cupule cup-shaped, smooth outside, with single margin, ca. 4 mm high X 6 mm wide, pedicel ca. 6 mm long. Vernacular. Surinam: “witte pisi. " Phenology. Flowers: December and January. Fruits: September, November, and December. Habitat. Terra firme forest on clay or sandy- clay soils. Ocotea percurrens is a conspicuous species, eas¬ ily recognized by its ferrugineous pubescent twigs and petiole, elliptical acuminate leaves with erect hairs beneath and showy tufts of hairs in the axils of most secondary veins (4 to 7 pairs only, acutely arching toward the apex), and the scalariform ter¬ tiary venation, perpendicular to the midrib. Three other Amazonian species have similar densely brown or ferrugineous pubescent twigs: 0 . amazon- ica, 0. matogrossensis Vattimo, and 0. rhodophylla. Ocotea matogrossensis is the only species in this group with an appressed indument on twigs and leaves; the other species have an erect or crisped indument. Ocotea percurrens is the only species in this group with domatia and can thus be readily distinguished from the others. Additional differenc¬ es between these species are presented in Table 1. Kostermans (1936) used the name 0. petalanthera (Meisner) Mez for specimens of O. percurrens from Surinam. However, the type of 0. petalanthera has sparsely to moderately pubescent twigs, with the surface largely or partially visible. The hairs are appressed and rather pale, and these pubescence characters clearly separate 0 . petalanthera from the group of 0. amazonica, O. percurrens, and 0 . rho- dophylla. Ocotea percurrens is distributed in the northeastern part of the Amazon Basin, not known to the west of Manaus and to the south of the Am¬ azon River, occurring in Surinam and presenting a disjunct distribution in the Atlantic Forest in Ba¬ hia. The only known collection from this area, Folli 882, presents smaller leaves, which are waxy below and with patent hairs, but I did not find any other differences that would lead me to treat it as a dif¬ ferent species. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Amapa: BR 156. 53 km WNU of Calgoene, 2°33’N. 51°16'W (fl). Mori el ur- eiro 5756 (NY), (fl). Vicentini el al. 889 (INPA, MO. SP), (fl). Vicentini el al. 891 (INPA. MO, SP|, (fl). Vicentini et al. 892 (INPA, MO, SP); Mun. tie Maues, basin of Rio Maues. Rio Urupadi, 3°43'S, 57°16'W (fl). Zarucchi et al. 8078 (INPA. MO, NY). Koraima: Estayao Ecoldgica lllta de Maraca. 3°19'N. 61°55'W (fl). Milliken et al. 624 (MO). COLOMBIA. Amazonas: Rio Caqueta, Araracuara (fl), Vester 261 (MO). PERU. Madre de Dios: Rio D'Orbigny near junction with Rio La Torre, 12°55'S, 69°20’W (buds). Gentry & Jaramillo 57801 (MO): Tambopata, 12°49'S, 69°18'\Y (fr), tree 3002, Gentry et al. 45914 (MO), (fr). tree 3093, Gentry et al. 46011 (MO). Loreto: Maynas, Distrito Fernando Lores, Caserio Serafin, 4°08'S, 72°55'W (fr), Grdndez et al. 2548 (MO), Iquitos, Rio Nanay, Puerto Almendras, 3°48'S, 73°25'W (fl), Vdsquez & Jaramillo 10781 (MO), Rio Nanay halfway between Iquitos and San¬ ta Maria de Nanay, 3°52'S, 73°30'W (fl). Gentry et al. 89458 (MO), along Rio Nanay, (fl), van der Werff et al. 10189 (MO); Requena, Sapuena, J. Herrera, 4°50'S, 73 l.VW (fl). Vdsquez 10439 (MO). Rio Ucayali, arbore¬ tum (fr). Gentry et al. 21168 (MO). VENEZUELA. Ama¬ zonas: San Carlos de Rio Negro, 3°56'N, 67°03'W (fl. young fr), Clark & Maquirino 7360 (MO), (fl), Clark 7282 (MO); Casiquiare, 12 km SE of San Fernando de Atabapo, 3°50'S, 67°47'W (fl). Aymard et al. 6420 (MO, PORT). Bolivar: basin of rio Caura, cano Maskani (fr), Stergios & Delgado 12814 (MO. PORT); Serranfa de Maigualida, 6°9'S, 65°54'W (fr), Stergios A Delgado 13805 (MO, PORT). Ocotea scabrella van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Para: Municfpio de Almerim, Rio Jari, reserva florestal da SEMA, 12 Oct. 1987 (fl), A. S. Tavares 194 (holotype, MO). Figure 12. Ocoteae bofo affinis, sed indumento brevissimo ramu- lorurn, tepalis per anthesin patentibus et domatiis absen- tibus differ!. Small tree or shrub, to 10 m. Twigs terete, solid, with a (rather) dense indument of short (up to 0.1 mm long), erect, brown or whitish hairs; terminal buds densely and minutely whitish pubescent. Leaves 11-24 X 4.5—11 cm, chartaceous, narrowly to broadly elliptic, alternate; the base acute to rare¬ ly obtuse; the apex acute or acuminate, the acumen to 2 cm long; the upper surface glabrous or with some minute, erect hairs along the midvein and lateral veins; the lower surface sparsely to moder¬ ately puberulous with minute, erect, whitish hairs, these denser along the major veins; the upper sur¬ face with the midrib and lateral veins slightly im¬ pressed or immersed, and the tertiary venation somewhat raised; the lower surface with midrib and lateral veins (prominently) raised and the tertiary venation (weakly) raised; domatia lacking; petioles 0.7-1.3 cm long, with the same indument as the twigs, flat on the upper side. Inflorescences in the axils of leaves, 5—12 cm long, paniculate-cymose, moderately puberulous with minute, erect, whitish hairs; the flowers almost sessile and arranged in dense glomerules. Flowers white, unisexual, 3^4 mm diam.; the tepals at anthesis spreading (pistil¬ late flowers) to reflexed (staminate flowers). Stami- nate flowers with tepals ca. 2 mm long, sparsely pubescent on both surfaces; fertile stamens 9, all 4-celled; the outer 6 with the cells introrse, or the lower pair lateral, glabrous, the filaments slender, ca. 1 mm long, the anthers ca. 0.6 mm long; the inner 3 the same size, but with 2 large glands at the base of the filaments; staminodes not seen; pis¬ tillode glabrous, stipitiform, not surpassing and largely hidden by the glands, without a stigma or pistillode about twice as long as the glands and with a small stigma; receptacle shallow, pubescent 288 Novon F igure 12. Ocotea scabrella van der Werff. —A. Habit. —B. Details of the upper (at top) and lower surfaees. —C. Staminate flower. —D. Stamen of whorl I and 11 . —E. Stamen of whorl 111 . —F. Pistillate flower. —G. Pistil. —H. Fruit. (A, B from Rodrigues 559; C-E from Assunqao 574; K, G from Vicentini 606; H from Sothers 675.) Drawn by Angelic Katz Nara. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 289 inside. Pistillate flowers with tepals as in staminate flowers; staminodia 9, glabrous, ca. 0.6 mm, the inner 3 with 2 glands at the base; staminodia of whorl IV threadlike, pubescent, 0.4 mm long; pistil 1.5—1.8 mm long, glabrous, stigma swollen; recep¬ tacle shallow, glabrous inside. Fruits ellipsoid, ca. 13 X 8 mm; cupule shallowly cup-shaped to almost plate-like, with persistent tepals on the margin; the pedicel thickened. Phenology. Flowers: January, June, July, Au¬ gust, September, and October. Fruits: September, November, and January. Habitat. Terra firme forest on clay soil. Ocotea scabrella resembles 0. bofo and 0. rub- rinervis in having cupules with persistent tepals, but differs in the absence of domatia, in the very short, erect indument of the twigs, in the spreading tepals at anthesis, in the clustered flowers, and in the very small pistillode without a stigma in the staminate flowers. The pubescent receptacle of the staminate flowers is also a useful character. Ocotea amazonica differs from O. scabrella in the longer, reddish hairs on the twigs, in the cupule without persistent tepals, and in the less branched inflores¬ cence. Although gland dots are visible on the upper leaf surface of O. scabrella, they are not as con¬ spicuous and black as in 0. bofo and O. rubrinervis. My concept of O. rubrinervis is based on the syn- type ( Poeppig 4580, B), that of O. bofo on a type photo, and of 0. amazonica on a type (Poeppig 3037B, B). One ol the characters used by Mez (1889) in the delimitation of these species is the relative length of the filaments of the stamens. I found that in young flowers the filaments can be shorter than the anthers, while in older flowers they are clearly longer than the anthers, and this char¬ acter should therefore be used with care. Ocotea commutata (Nees) Mez, another shrubby species with persistent tepals on the shallow, almost plate¬ like cupules and known only from French Guiana, differs in its abruptly rounded leaf bases and in the absence of the very short, erect hairs on the twigs; no flowers of this species are known to me. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 2°53'S, 59°58'W (fl), Assungao A" Silva 574 (INPA, MO, SP), (fr). Assungao et al. 609A (INPA, MO, SP), (st). Gentry & Nelson 69037 (INPA, MO), (st). Gentry & Nelson 69053 (INPA. MO), (fl). Ribeiro et al. 962 (INPA, MO. SP), (fr), Ribeiro et al. 1719 (INPA, MO, SP), (fl). Rodrigues Osrnarino 7030 (INPA, NY), (fr), Rodrigues <£• Emygdio 8950 (INPA. MO), (fr). Sot hers & Silva 675 (INPA, MO, SP), (fl). tree 1281-06, Vicentini & Assungao 606 (INPA, MO. SP), (buds), Vicentini et al. 1222 (INPA. MO, SP): Mun. de Novo Airao, Area Indfgena Waimiri-Atroari, Rio Camanau, 1°45’S, 61°15'W (fl). Mill¬ er 685 (MO). Rondonia: Porto Velho, Represa Samuel, Rio Jamari, 8°47'S, 63°25'W (fl), Thomas et al. 5185 (MO, NY). FRENCH GUIANA. Gobaya Soula: Rassin du Ma- roni, 3°37'N, 53°58'W (fr), de Granville et al. 10388 (B, CAY. MO, P, US). Saul: vicinity of Eaux Claires, Sentier Botanique, 3°37'S, 53°12'W (fr), Mori et al. 22821 (MO. NY), (young fr), Mori et al. 22822 (MO, NY), (st), Mori et al. 20985 (MO, NY). Oeotea siibterininalis van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. AmapA: Mun. de Mazagao, 0°08'S, 51°48'W, 19 Dec. 1984 (fl), S. Mon & Cardoso 17453 (holotype, MO). Figure 13. Ocoteae schomburgkianae affinis sed ramulis minute puberulis, cupulis foliisque majoribus recedit. Trees, to 20 m. Twigs roundish, moderately or sparsely minutely puberulous, the hairs straight and erect, glabrescent with age, solid; terminal buds densely white puberulous. Leaves 11-20 X 4.5—7 cm, alternate, firmly ehartaceous, elliptic to ovate-elliptic; base acute; apex acuminate with the acumen to 2 cm long or acute; upper surface gla¬ brous; lower surface glabrous or with some minute whitish hairs; margin frequently thickened, flat; midrib, lateral veins, and tertiary venation im¬ mersed on the upper surface, the midrib and lateral veins lighter in color than the leaf tissue; midrib and lateral veins raised, tertiary venation weakly raised or immersed on the lower surface; lateral veins 4 to 6 on each side; domatia consisting of axillary tufts of hairs present, small, or lacking; pet¬ ioles 0.8-1.6 cm, flat to weakly canaliculate on the upper side, with the same indument as the twigs. Inflorescences 5—12 cm, paniculate-cymose, sparsely to moderately and minutely puberulous, in the axils of bracts near the tips of the branc hes and appearing terminal or, less frequently, in the axils of normal leaves. Flowers unisexual, 3—4 mm diam., the tepals somewhat spreading at anthesis. Staminate flowers with tepals broadly ovate, 1.5 mm long, sparsely puberulous outside, glabrous inside; outer 6 stamens ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, the cells arranged in 2 pairs, introrse, the filament half as long as the anther; the inner three stamens as long as the outer 6, the cells extrorse-lateral, the fila¬ ments with 2 globose glands at the base; staminodia not seen; pistillode ca. 2 mm long, stipitiform, gla¬ brous, stigma small but present; receptacle deep, sparsely pubescent inside. Pistillate flowers with te¬ pals as in staminate flowers; outer 6 staminodia 0.6 mm long, glabrous; inner 3 staminodes as long as outer 6, with 2 glands at the base; pistil ca. 2 mm long, glabrous, the stigma peltate; receptacle deep¬ ly cup-shaped, glabrous inside. Fruits 1.6 X 1.1 cm, ovoid, largely enclosed in the deeply cup¬ shaped cupule, this usually lenticellate, with a sin- 290 Novon Figure 13. Ocotea subterminalis van der Werff. —A. Habit. —B. Inflorescence. —C. Flower. —D. Flower with tepals removed. F. Stamens of whorl I and II (below) and whorl III (above). —F. Indument on twig. —-G. Domatium in axil of lateral vein on lower leaf surface. —H. Cupule and fruits. (A-G from Rabelo et al. 304l\ H from Lepsch da Cunha & Assun^do 215a.) Drawn by Alba L. Arbelaez. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 291 gle margin, 1.6 X 1.2 cm, the pedicel not or scarce¬ ly thickened. Phenology. Flowers: September, November, December, and January. Fruits: June, August, Sep¬ tember, and November. Habitat. Terra firme forest on clay or sandy- clay soils. The relatively large cupules, the ovoid fruits, the frequently terminal-appearing inflorescences, and the small domatia, which sometimes may be lacking, sug¬ gest a relationship of 0 . subterminalis with 0 . schom- burghiana. The latter species differs in having smaller cupules and fruits, smaller leaves and inflorescences, and in the lack of the very short, erect indument on the twigs. Various labels mention that the slash is orange and the wood fragrant. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Amapa: Macapd, hwy. Cupixi— rio Vila Nova, 0°32'S, 51°52'W (fl). Mori A Cardoso 1770.3 (MO); Mazagao, hwy. BR156 (fl). Rabelo et al. 3041 (MO). Amazonas: Distr. Agropecuario da Suframa, Re- serva 1501 (“km 41”) of the PDBFF project, 2°24'S, 59°43'W (fr), Lepsch da Cunha A Assunqao 215a (MO), (fl). Boom et al. 8651 (MO), (fl), Oliveira et al. 277 (MO), (st), Nee 42630 (MO. NY), (fr), Pessoal do PDBFF s.n. (= IN PA 191123) (IN PA); Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 2°53'S, 59°58'W (fr), Martins A Pereira 10 (INPA, MO. SP), (fr), Loureiro s.n. ( = INPA 16565) (INPA. NY), (fl), Rodrigues A Osmarino 8287 (INPA), (fl). tree 1353— 06, Sothers A Silva 182 (INPA, MO, SP). Maranhan: Mongao, basin of rio Turia^u, Ka’apor Indian Reserv e (fr). Bald 331 (MO, NY). I’ara: Oriximind, Rio Trombetas, estrada da Mineragao do Norte, km 60 (fr), Cid et al. 1968 (INPA, MO); Rio Trombetas, vicinity of Cachoeira Porteira (fr). Prance et al. 22229 (MO, NY). FRENCH GUIANA. Sinnamary River: above Petit Saut, between Cr. Plomb and Cr. Tigre, 5°00'N, 53°01'W (buds), Mori et al. 23562 (MO, NY), (buds), Mori et al. 23394 (MO, NY), (st), Mon et al. 23512 (MO. NY), (st), Mori et al. 23667 (MO, NY), (st), Mon et al. 23650 (MO, NY). Saul: 3°37'N, 53°12'W, vicinity of Faux Claires, Sentier Botanique (fr), Mori et al. 22777 { MO, NY), (fl), Mori et al. 23312 (MO. NY). Sta¬ tion des Nouragues: basin de I’Arataye, 4°3'N, 52°42'W (fr), Sabatier A Prevost 2980 (CAY. MO). Placed in O. subterminalis with some hesitation are the following three collections: FRENCH GUIANA. Said: (fr). Mori A Ishi- kau/a 20838 (MO, NY), (fr), Mori A Grade 23932 (MO, NY), Prance et al. 30652 (MO, NY). These specimens differ in having slightly recurved leaf bases and a dense indument on the young twigs. Rhodosteinonodaphne recurva van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 2°53'S, 59°58'W, 5 Aug. 1994 (fl), A. Vicentini et al. 653 (holo- type, INPA; isotypes, MO, SP). Figure 14. Rhodostemonodaphne peneiae similis, sed 6 staminibus exterioribus 2-locellatis ramulisque indumento obtectis recedit. Dioecious trees, to 20 m. Twigs ridged, the sur¬ face completely covered by gray ascending to ap- pressed hairs, these hairs turning darker with age; terminal buds densely pubescent. Leaves 5-10 X 2^4 cm, alternate, firmly chartaceous, obovate-el- liptic to elliptic; the apex obtuse or bluntly acute; the base angustate, gradually narrowed into the pet¬ iole; the margin recurved over most of its length, but more strongly so toward the base; the upper surface appressed pubescent when young, becom¬ ing quickly glabrous with age; the lower surface moderately densely appressed pubescent, glaucous; midrib, lateral veins, and tertiary venation im¬ mersed on the upper surface; midrib raised, lateral veins and tertiary venation weakly raised on the lower surface; lateral veins 3^4; domatia lacking; petioles 1.7-2.5 cm, with the same indument as the twigs. Inflorescences axillary, 3-8 cm long (pistil¬ late inflorescences shorter than staminate), densely pubescent, the hairs appressed or ascending, pa- niculate-cymose. Flowers unisexual, densely pu¬ bescent outside, 4—5 mm diam.; tepals spreading, greenish; stamens red. Staminate flowers with te¬ pals pubescent on the inner surface, ca. 2 mm long, broadly ovate; stamens 9; the outer 6 sessile, 2- celled, ca. 1.5 mm broad, 1 mm high, the anther cells filling only a small part, introrse; stamens of whorl II narrower than those of whorl I, ca. 1 X 1 mm, 2-celled, introrse; the stamens of whorl 1 and II laminar; inner 3 stamens triangular-columnar, ca. 1 mm long, 4-celled, the cells in two pairs, the lower pair extrorse, the upper pair lateral-extrorse; glands present at the base of the inner 3 stamens, globose; staminodia not seen; pistillode ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; receptacle urceolate, pubescent in¬ side. Pistillate flowers with tepals as in male flow¬ ers; staminodia 9; the outer 3 slightly broader than those of whorl II, but not as dissimilar as in male flowers, inner 3 columnar, all staminodes a little smaller than the stamens; remnants ol anther cells same number as anther cells in stamens; glands small, globose; pistil glabrous, ca. 2 mm long; re¬ ceptacle urceolate, pubescent inside. Young fruits fully enclosed in the receptacle. Fruit ellipsoid, ca. 3 cm long; cupules deeply cup-shaped, 2X1 cm; pedicels ca. 1 cm long, thickened, abruptly wid¬ ened in the cupule. Phenology. Flowers: August. Fruits: April. Habitat. Terra firme forest on ( lay soil. This new species straddles the fence between Endlicheria and Rhodostemonodaphne. These two genera differ only in their stamens, which are 2- celled in Endlicheria and 4-celled in Rhodostemon¬ odaphne, a character of questionable validity in recognizing genera (Rohwer et al., 1991; van der 292 Novon 1 mm Figure 14. Rhodostemonodaphne recurva van der Werff. —A. Habit. —B. Details of the upper (at top) and lower leaf surfaces. —C. Staminate (lowers. —I). Stamen of whorl 1 . —E. Stamen of whorl II. —F. Stamen of whorl 111 . —G. Pistillate flower. —H. Pistil. —I. Fruit. (A-F from holotype Vicentini et al. 653 ; G, H from sine coll., PDBFF Reserva 3304, tree 3094; 1 from Rodrigues 6903.) Drawn by Angelic Katz Nara. Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 293 Werff & Richter, 1996). The 2-celled outer 6 sta¬ mens point to Endlicheria, while the 4-celled inner 3 stamens indicate Rhodostemonodaphne. Indeed, both E. anomala (Nees) Mez and R. revolutifolia Madrinan have six 2-celled and three 4-celled sta¬ mens. However, broad, sessile stamens occur fre¬ quently in Rhodostemonodaphne and not or rarely in Endlicheria ; broad, sessile stamens are found in E. rubriflora Mez, a species only placed in Endli¬ cheria because of its 2-celled stamens. The indu- ment of twigs and leaves and the leaf venation of R. recurva resemble species of Rhodostemonoda¬ phne such as R. grandis (Mez) Rohwer and related species and R. capixabensis Baitello & Coe Teix- eira. This similarity led me to place the new species in Rhodostemonodaphne. Possibly the closest rela¬ tionship is with R. revolutifolia Madrinan, which has the same stamen configuration, but which dif¬ fers in having erect hairs on the lower leaf surface and larger leaves. Vegetatively, R. recurva is quite similar to R. peneia Madrinan, and both species occur near Manaus. They can be separated as fol¬ lows: R. recurva has recurved leaf margins, densely pubescent twigs (with the surface completely cov¬ ered by the indument), and 3 or 4 lateral veins, while R. peneia has flat leaf margins, sparsely pu¬ bescent twigs with the surface largely visible, and usually 5 to 7 lateral veins (rarely fewer). Paratypes. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Estrada AM-ll). km 120 (ff). Rodrigues & hmreiro 7178 (INPA); Keserva Florestal Ducke, 2°53'5. 59°58'W (fr), Rodrigues & Osmarino 6903 (INPA); Distrito Agropecuario da Suf- rama. Fazenda Fsteio, Reserva 1202 of the PDRFF pro¬ ject, 2°24'S, 59°52'W (II), tree 5767, Santos el al. s.n. (INPA, MO), (II). tree 5767, sine roll. s.n. (INPA, MO), Reserva 3304 (fl). tree 3094, sine roll. s.n. (INPA. MO); fazenda Dimona, Reserva 2108 of the PDBFF. 2°I9'S. 60°05'W (11). tree 35, Mackenzie et to the Species ok Ocotea ok ihk Dijckk Reserve The key to the Ocotea species presented here includes all species of Ocotea known from the Ducke Reserve for which flowering material was available, plus two new spe¬ cies, 0. ligulata and 0 . obliqua, which occur in the sur¬ rounding area, but which h; ve not been found in the Ducke Reserve. For a briel description and photographs (especially of vegetative characters) of all the species in¬ cluded in the key (plus additional Ocotea species), refer to the field guide of the vascular plants of Ducke Reserve (Vicentini et al., 1999). Descriptions ol the species not described in this article will be published in the Eaura- ceae treatment of the Florida of the Reserva Ducke (in prep.). Identifying Lauraceae to species is very difficult without flowering specimens, except for a few striking species. The majority of the species of Ocotea in the area under study are dioecious, and the key is based on staminate flowers, although it may be possible to identify specimens with pistdlate ones. For fruiting specimens refer to the above- mentioned field guide, which includes photographs of the fruits of some species and may narrow the decision-mak¬ ing process. To use the following key a good dissecting microscope is needed; some floral or pubescence charac¬ ters (for instance, the indument on 0. scabrella ) are not visible to the unaided eye. Vegetative characters, such as indument of twigs and leaves, as well as characters of the pistillode and cupule, can greatly help in the identification. Because these char¬ acters are not always mentioned in the key, we present them in Table 1 (pp. 284. 285) for nine of the new Ocotea species and four earlier described species with which the new species have been confused. Not included in Table I are Ocotea ligulata and O. immersa ; these species are so distinct that confusion with other species seems unlikely. Type material of O. amazonica (Poeppig 3037B, B) and 0. petalanthera (Poeppig 2426. B) has been used in making Table I. While we found several collections matching tin' type of 0. amazonica closely, we did not find other col¬ lections of O. petalanthera, and that species is to us only known from the type. Therefore, not all character states for this species could be entered in Table I. Whether 0. bofo and 0. rubrinervis are distinct species is not clear. One of us (HW) assumes that the two are conspecific. Type material of O. rubrinervis (Poeppig 4580. B) has been stud¬ ied in preparing Table 1, but the name 0. bofo, the older name, has been used. Two unidentified species were included in key as Oco¬ tea sp. E and 0. sp. G, following the names used in the field guide for the vascular plants ol the Ducke Reserve (Vicentini et al., 1699 ). Both are probably new species, but good fertile material was not available. Ocotea sp. E (e.g., Assunqdo 576, 581 and Vicentini 1189, 950, 959, 960: INPA, MO. SP) is apparentlv related to the Ocotea cernua complex (Rohwer, 1986), because the filaments of the outer stamens are as in this complex partly fused with the tepals. The Irmls are also very similar to those ol the O. cernua group (cupule cup-shaped and enclosing the berry up to ca. 1/3 ol its length; refer to Vicentini et al., 1999). However, terminal buds on 0. sp. E are completely glabrous, which is not the case in the Ocotea cernua com¬ plex, or in the majority of Lauraceae. Ocotea sp. G (e.g., Assun^ao 528 and Ribeiro 905, 927: INPA, MO. SP) keys out to 0. schomburgkiana in Rohwers (1986) treatment, but O. sp. G is not. as the latter, a shrub or treelet with domatia in the axils of lateral veins. la. Lower leaf surface completely covered by a silvery or golden oppressed indument, i.e,, lamina surface not visible. 2a. Leaves with a vernation line almost parallel to the midrib; secondary veins hidden by indument; leaves sessile or nearly so (petiole < 0.5 cm). 0. guianensis Aublet 2b. I .eaves without vernation line; secondary veins prominent and not hidden by indument; petiole ^ 1 cm. 0. argyrophylla Ducke lb. I .ower leaf surface glabrous, erect pubescent or with oppressed hairs, but then surface of lamina still visible. 3a. Domatia, i.e., cavities or tufts of hairs, in the axds of secondary veins (check carefully on several leaves). 294 Novon 4a. Domatia a glabrous cavity, prominent on the upper leaf surface, usually present only on the most basal pair of secondary veins. 0. douradensis Vattimo-Gil 4b. Domatia hairy, or if glabrous inconspicuous on the upper surface. 5a. Twigs and petioles covered by a rusty dense indument of erect hairs, these also on the lower leaf surface, at least on the midrib. 0. percurrens Vicentini 5b. Indument of twigs and petioles absent or consisting ol sparse, appressed or very short hairs, but surface always visible. 6a. Flowers ca. 5 mm diam.; pistillode glabrous; receptacle pubescent in staminate and glabrous in pistillate flowers. O. cinerea van der Werff 6b. Flowers ca. 3 mm diam.; both pistillode and receptacle either glabrous or pu¬ bescent. 7a. Pistillode glabrous; receptacle glabrous or nearly so in both staminate and pistillate flowers. 8a. Reticulation coarse and (usually) white and very conspicuous due to the contrasting dull blackish lamina when dried. . 0. nigrescent Vicentini 8b. Reticulation fine, not white or differently colored from the lamina, the leaves usually drying green . 0. subterminalis van der Werff 7b. Pistillode pubescent; receptacle pubescent in both staminate and pistillate flowers . 0. minor Vicentini 3b. Domatia absent. 9a. Lower leaf surface with a moderate to dense indument of erect (or crisped) hairs, usually also on the petiole and branchlets. 10a. Leaves chartaceous; usually also pubescent on the veins above; the hairs long and conspicuous and soft to the touch. I la. Shrub or treelet; petioles short (ca. 5 mm); leaf base cordate or rounded; branch- lets slender (< 3 mm diam.) . . 0. boissieriana (Meisner) Mez 1 lb. Tree; petioles longer (> 10 mm); leaf base acute or obtuse; branchlets stout (ca. 5 mm diam.) . 0. tabacifolia Kohwer 10b. Leaves coriaceous; glabrous on the veins above; indument short or very short. 12a. Leaves usually waxy beneath; pistillode absent or reduced to a tuft of hairs; receptacle pubescent inside; staminodes present, stipitiform and pubescent . . . 0. rhodophylla Vicentini 12b. Leaves not waxy; pistillode present, glabrous, with or without a stigma; receptacle glabrous inside; staminodes absent . 0. amazonica (Meisner) Mez 9b. Lower leaf surface glabrous, or with appressed hairs, or with sparse and extremely short erect hairs, these not visible to the naked eye. 13a. Terminal bud glabrous or hairy only on the inner surface of the bud scales (externally glabrous). 14a. Twigs angular or winged; receptacle glabrous in staminate flowers. 15a. Leaf apex attenuate to acuminate; lamina narrowly elliptic, usually >15 cm long and 3^1.5 times longer than wide . 0. olivacea A. C. Smith 15b. Leaf apex rounded to short acuminate; lamina broadly elliptic, usually < 15 cm long and ca. 2 times longer than wide. 0. neblinae C. K. Allen 14b. Twigs cylindrical or soon becoming so; receptacle pubescent in staminate flowers. 16a. Hud scales free, revealing the pubescent inner surface (and margin), leav¬ ing clusters of scars on the twigs (at the end of each growth unit); filaments of outer stamens ca. half as long as anthers and free. . 0. myriantha (Meisner) Mez 16b. Buds completely glabrous (bud scales closed, not showing the inner surface and not leaving conspicuous scars on twigs); anthers of outer stamens ses¬ sile, the filaments partially fused to the tepals. 0. sp. F 13b. Terminal buds pubescent, usually completely covered by indument. 17a. Flowers hermaphroditic, i.e., ovary well defined and distinct from style, bearing an ovule inside (some species present hermaphroditic and pistillate flowers). 18a. Tepals papillose on the inner surface; staminodes of whorl IV present. 19a. Connectives of outer stamens extended above thecae, forming sterile tips; leaves glabrous or nearly so. 20a. Stamens papillose, ca. 2 mm long .... 0. ligulatci van der Werff 20b. Stamens glabrous, ca. 1 mm long .. . O. rhynchophylla (Meisner) Mez 19b. Connectives without sterile tips; leaves with appressed hairs beneath . 0. aciphylla (Nees) Mez 18b. Tepals not papillose; staminodes of whorl IV absent. 21a. Leaf apex obtuse or rounded; base narrowed and decurrent on the petiole; leaves glabrous or nearly so. 0. immersa van der Werff 21b. Leaf apex acuminate; base acute and not decurrent on the petiole; lower leaf surface with moderate to dense indument of appressed hairs. 0. oblonga (Meisner) Mez Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 295 171). Flowers unisexual, i.e., when pistillode evident with a conspicuous stigma, then ovary without an ovule inside. 22a. Whorl III of stamens close together forming a tube surrounding the pistil- lode; these filaments fused, at least at the base; pistillode as high as sta¬ mens and stigma positioned between the anther apices. 23a. Pistillode pubescent, at least on the style; twigs usually with persis¬ tent bracts and covered by an erect rusty indument. . 0. cujumari Martius 23b. Pistillode glabrous; twigs without persistent bracts, glabrous or with oppressed whitish hairs. 24a. Twigs strongly angular to winged, not lenticellate; leaves large (> 15 cm) with raised reticulation and appressed hairs; fila¬ ments ea. half as long as anthers . 0. longifolia HBK 24b. Iwigs angular, soon terete, densely lenticellate; leaves smaller with inconspicuous reticulation and glabrous; filaments as long as anthers. (). nitida (Meisner) Rohwer 22b. Whorl III of stamens not forming a tube surrounding the pistillode, or if so. then filaments free and pistillode shorter than stamens and included in the tube. 25a. Filaments of outer stamens ea. half as long as anthers or shorter, free or partlv fused to the tepals. 26a. Leaf base cordate or rounded and petiole < 0.8 cm long; pis¬ tillode reduced without a stigma 0. adenotrachelium (Nees) Mez 26b. Leaf base not cordate or rounded, or il so, then petiole > 1.5 cm long or pistillode with a conspicuous stigma. 27a. Filaments of outer 6 stamens partly fused with the tepals; pistillode without or with a stigma. 28a. Pistillode present, stipitiform and pubescent; petiole < 1 cm long; leaves < 9 X 2.5 cm 0. minor Vicen¬ tini 281>. Pistillode absent or present but glabrous; petiole > 1.5 cm long; leaves > 6 X 2.8 cm. 29a. Lower thecae of outer stamens introrse .... . O. cernua (Meisner) Mez 291 >. I .ower thecae of outer stamens latrorse to la- trorse-introrse. 0. pauciflora (Nees) Mez 27b. Filaments of outer 6 stamens free; pistillode well devel¬ oped with a stigma. 30a. Staminodes of whorl IV present, stipitiform and pu¬ bescent . 0. cinerea van der Werff 30b. Staminodes of whorl IV' absent. 31a. Leaves, inflorescences, and twigs with ap¬ pressed hairs; inflorescence branches densely appressed pubescent, obscuring surface; pis¬ tillode pubescent or glabrous. 32a. Pistillode pubescent. . 0. splendens (Meisner) Baillon 32b. Pistillode glabrous or nearly so ... . 0. leucoxylon (Swartz) Mez s.l. 31b. Leaves, inflorescences, and twigs glabrous or with short erect hairs, the pubescence mod¬ erate to sparse; pistillode glabrous or nearly so. 33a. Reticulation coarse and (usually) white and very conspicuous due to contrasting dull blackish lamina when dried . . . . O. nigrescens Vicentini 33b. Reticulation fine, not white or differently colored than lamina (drying reddish, brown, or greenish). 34a. Leaves usually drying green; inflo¬ rescence branches and flowers ex¬ ternally moderately covered with short erect hairs. . 0. subterminalis van der Werff 34b. I .eaves usually drying red-brown; inflorescence branches and flowers glabrous or only with a few and ex¬ tremely short, minute, erect hairs . . . .. O. sp. G 296 Novon 251). Filaments of outer stamens elearly longer than or as long as the anthers and completely Iree. 35a. Twigs with erect or crisped hairs, sometimes extremely short and sparse (use a microscope and look closely at the terminal bud). 36a. Indument on twigs ferrugineous, grayish, or brownish, dense, the surface scarcely visible. 37a. Leaves sub-tripliveined; glands of inner stamens flat . O. delicata Vicentini 37b. Leaves pinnately veined; glands of inner stamens globose. 38a. Receptacle glabrous in both staminate and pistillate flowers . . 0. amazonica (Meisner) Mez 38b. Receptacle pubescent in both staminate and pistillate flowers. 39a. Pistillode reduced to a tuft of hairs or absent; staminodes of whorl IV present . 0. rhodophylla Vicentini 39b. Pistillode present, glabrous, without stig¬ ma; staminodes usually absent .... . O. oblique Vicentini 36b. Indument on twigs whitish or minute and leaving surface largely visible. 40a. Flowers externally glabrous or nearly so; tepals at anthesis erect . O. puberula (Richard) Nees 40b. Flowers externally pubescent; tepals at anthesis spreading to reflexed. 41a. Small tree or shrub, to 10 m. Inflorescences in the axils of leaves, flowers almost sessile and arranged in dense glomerules; tepals pubes¬ cent on both surfaces. . 0. scabrella van der Werff 41b. Tree to 20 m. Inflorescences in the axils of bracts near the tips of the branches anil ap¬ pearing terminal (rarely in the axil of normal leaves); flowers pedicellate and not arranged in dense glomerules; tepals pubescent only on outside . O. subterminal is van der Werff 35b. Twigs with appressed hairs, or completely glabrous. 42a. Leaf apex obtuse or rounded . . . O. immersa van der Werff 42b. Leaf apex acuminate or acute. 43a. Twigs completely covered by appressed hairs, in¬ dument usually dense to moderate on the lower sur¬ face of mature leaves, rarely sparse. 44a. Leaves strongly coriaceous, > 15 cm long, with fine reticulation; staminodes of whorl IV present . 0. matogrossensis Vattimo 44b. Leaves chartaceous, usually < 10 cm long, with coarse reticulation; staminodes of whorl IV absent. 0. oblonga (Meisner) Mez 43b. Twigs and the lower surface of mature leaves gla¬ brous or nearly so. 45a. Flowers larger (> 4.5 mm diam. at anthesis); pistillode entirely pubescent . . O. floribunda (Swartz) Mez 45b. Flowers smaller (^ 4 mm diam. at anthesis); pistillode glabrous or nearly so . . 0. ceanothifolia (Nees) Mez ject team, especially to Paulo C. L. Assun^ao, Everaldo da C. Pereira, and Cosmo F. da Silva lor gathering excellent material of the species here described by monitoring tagged trees in the field. We thank Mike Hopkins for his hriliant work in coordinating this project and the curators of INPA, B, and NY for loans of their specimens. The fine illustrations were drawn by Angelic Katz Acknowledgments. We thank the British De¬ partment for International Development (DFID) and the Institute Nacional de Pesquisas da Ama¬ zonia (INPA) which supported the “Flora da Re- serva Ducke” project. DFID sponsored the visits of the second author to St. Louis in 1997 and of the first author to Manaus in 1998. We are grate¬ ful to the entire “Flora da Reserva Ducke” pro- Volume 10, Number 3 2000 van der Werff & Vicentini Lauraceae from Brazil 297 Nara (Figs. 2—5, 7—12, 14) and Alba L. Arbelaez (Figs. 1, 6, 13). Literature Cited Kostermans, A. J. G. H. 1936. Lauraceae. In: A. Pulle (editor). Flora of Surinam, vol. II: 244—336. Kon. Ver. Koloniaal Instituut, Amsterdam. Kurz, H. 1983. Fortpflanzungsbiologie einiger Gattungen neotropischer Lauraceen und Revision der Gattung Licaria (Lauraceae). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Hamburg. Mez, C. M. 1889. Lauraceae Americanae. Jahrb. Konigl. Hot. Gart. Berlin 5: 1-556. Ribiero, J. E. L. S.. M. J. G. Hopkins, A. Vicentini, C. A. Sot hers, M. A. S. Costa, J. M. de Brito, M. A. I). de Souza, I.. H. Martins, L. G. Lohmann, P. A. C. L. As- sun^ao, E. da G. Pereira, C. F. da Silva, M. Mesquita & L. Procopio. 1999. Flora da Reserva Ducke—Guia de Identificayao das Plantas Vasculares de uma Floresta de Terra Firme na Amazonia Central. INPA/DFID, Ma¬ naus. Rohwer, J. G. 1986. Prodromus einer Monographic der Gattung Ocotea Aubl. (Lauraceae) sensu lato. Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 1-278. -, H. G. Richter & H. van der Werff. 1991. Two new genera of neotropical Lauraceae and critical re¬ marks on the generic delimitation. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78: 388-400. Van der Werff, H. & H. G. Richter. 1996. Toward an im¬ proved classification of Lauraceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83: 409-418. Vicentini, A., H. van der Werff & S. Nicolau. 1999. Laur¬ aceae. Pp. 150-179 in J. E. L. S. Ribeiro, M. J. G. Hopkins, A. Vicentini, C. A. Sothers, M. A. S. Costa, ,1. M. de Brito, M. A. I), de Souza, L. H. Martins, L. G. Lohmann, P. A. C. L. Assungao, E. da C. Pereira, C. F. da Silva, M. Mesquita & L. Procopio, Flora da Reserva Ducke—Guia de Identificagao das Plantas Vasculares de uma Floresta de Terra Firme na Amazonia Central. INPA/DFID, Manaus. Volume 10, Number 3, pp. 187—298 of NOVON was published on 12 September 2000. Volume 10 Number 4 2000 NOVON A Synopsis of the Genus Blakea (Melastomataceae) in Mexico and Central America Frank Almeda Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118-4599, U.S.A. falmeda@calacademy.org ABSTRACT. A regional synopsis of the genus Blak¬ ea is presented that recognizes 33 species in Mex¬ ico and Central America. This summary includes a key, distributional and phonological information, notes on morphological variation, and discussions that provide rationale lor relegating six binomials to synonymy. Descriptions and diagnoses are pre¬ sented lor four new species of Blakea ( B. colora- densis, B. darcyana, and B. perforata from Panama; and B. usilsoniorum Irom southern Costa Rica and Panama). Analysis of the type specimens and re¬ cently collected flowering material of Topobea stor- kii necessitates its transler to Blakea. Three other species ( B. cuatrecasii, B. repens, and B. subcon- nata var. obtusa), all ol which were previously known from Andean South America, are reported from Panama for the first time. Blakea, with approximately 100 species, is one of two berry-fruited genera comprising the natural neotropical tribe Blakeeae (Almeda, 1990). It is best represented in wet montane regions from southern Mexico and the West Indies to Bolivia and Brazil. Although northwestern South America is un¬ doubtedly the center ol species richness for Blakea (Wurdack, 1973), southern Central America is clearly the area ol local importance for unusual di¬ versity in floral morphology. This floral diversity re¬ flects adaptations to a broad array ol important pol¬ linators in the region, including rodents, buzzing bees, and hummingbirds (Almeda, 1990; Lumer, 1981; Lumer & Schoer, 1986). For a woody genus with showy, often spectacular, flowers, it is surpris¬ ing that Blakea has escaped the attention of serious students until recently. The genus has not been treated in its entirety since Cogniauxs (1891) fa¬ milial monograph. Even the most recent lloristic treatments of the family Melastomataceae for the Mesoamerican region appeared over 30 years ago (Gleason, 1958; Standley, 1924, 1938; Standley & Williams, 1963; Winkler, 1965) when many areas were still little-explored and poorly known botani- cally. The account presented here is a precursor to the treatment that will appear in Flora Mesoamericana. Four new species and one new generic transfer are proposed in the context ol a regional synopsis. This summary also includes a key to the 33 recognized species, distributional and phenological informa¬ tion, notes on variation, and discussions that pro¬ vide rationale for relegating previously recognized species to synonymy. Taxonomic Treatment Blakea R Browne, Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 323. 1756. TYPE: Blakea trinervia P. Browne. Trees, shrubs, or woody vines, often epiphytic with glabrous or variously pubescent, terete or quadrate branchlets. Leaves thick and coriaceous or chartaceous, 3- to 5-nerved or -plinerved with the transverse secondary veins (when evident) closely spaced, straight, and parallel. Flowers 6- merous, axillary, solitary or fascicled, typically pe¬ dunculate in the upper leaf axils and subtended by two pairs of decussate, free or variously fused, co¬ riaceous or foliaceous, sessile bracts inserted at the base ol the hypanthium. Hypanthia campanulate or Novon 10: 299-319. 2000. 300 Novon hemispheric; calyx persistent or deciduous, rarely calyptrate, truncate or 2- to 6-lobate. Petals 6, white, pink, magenta, red, or some combination of these colors, glabrous but often marginally ciliolate. Stamens 12, isomorphic and glabrous; anthers oval, oblong, or elliptic, laterally compressed, bluntly ob¬ tuse, obconic, or broadly rounded at the summit, free or laterally connate with two typically well- separated apical pores; connective thickened and unappendaged or dilated basally into a dorsal de- flexed, horizontal, or upturned spur. Stigma punc- tiform to capitate. Ovary inferior, usually 6-locular. Fruit baccate; seeds ovoid, clavate, or narrowly pyr¬ iform, testa smooth. Blakea and the closely related genus Topobea are the only two genera comprising the tribe Blakeeae. This tribe is characterized by axillary flowers that are individually subtended by two pairs of decus¬ sate bracts, baccate fruits, ovoid to pyramidal, smooth seeds, and wood with multiseriate rays and the frequent occurrence of druses (Almeda, 1990). Flowering material is essential for the unequivocal generic placement of species in this tribe. In Blak¬ ea, each flower has 12 stamens; the anthers are biporose, oval, oblong, or elliptic, compressed lat¬ erally, bluntly obtuse or broadly rounded apically with two typically well-separated (typically minute) pores. In Topobea the flowers also commonly have 12 stamens, although several hexandrous and one octandrous species occur in Costa Rica and Pana¬ ma; the anthers of Topobea, in contrast to those of Blakea, are uniporose or biporose, linear-oblong to oblong-subulate or rostrate, usually not compressed laterally, and with approximate or confluent dorsal- ly inclined broad pores. The posture and orientation of stamens and the shape, length, and degree of fusion of floral bracts are important diagnostic characters in Blakea. Pressing and drying often conceal these features, frequently necessitating a dissection of hydrated material. This is especially important when analyz¬ ing the species with large enveloping foliaceous flo¬ ral bracts. Because of the prevalence of epiphytism in Blakea, coupled with the local distribution of many taxa, it seems likely that additional species will be discovered as forest canopies and remote areas are explored. Inadequate material of several collections from Costa Rica and Panama probably represent additional species for the area covered by this study. Their identity will require evaluation when better material is collected. Kky to the Species of Blakea in Mexico and Central America la. Flowers always pendent, petals imbricate or convolute when fully expanded to form a subcylindric tube-like corolla concealing the stamens, which form a ring around the straight style. 2a. Petals uniformly pink or magenta; floral bracts and calyx lobes red in color . 14. B. fuchsioides 2b. Petals green or green flushed with purple or reddish at the base; floral bracts and calyx lobes not red in color. 3a. Leaf blades modified adaxially at the petiole-laminar junction into flap-like saccate pouches, the basal and lateral margins of which are free from but conspicuously decurrent on the petiole. 4a. Pubescence of uppermost intemodes consisting of hairs 1—2 mm long; leaf blades bluntly denticulate; outer floral bracts linear-lanceolate, 15-21 mm long, equaling or exceeding the calyx lobes at anthesis; Costa Rica (Cerro Chompipe.Volcdn Barva, and Volcdn Irazu) . . . . 2. B. austin-smithii 4b. Pubescence of uppermost intemodes consisting of hairs mostly less than 0.5 mm long; leaf blades entire; outer floral bracts ovate to elliptic-ovate, 5.5—9 mm long, conspicuously short¬ er than the calyx lobes at anthesis; Costa Rica (Cordillera de Tilardn, Cordillera de Guan- acaste). 5. B. chlorantha 3b. Leaf blades not modified adaxially at the petiole-laminar junction into flap-like saccate pouches. 5a. Older petioles, floral peduncles, and bracts essentially glabrous, outer floral bracts 13—17 mm wide on fruiting hypanthia; Costa Rica (Cordillera de Talamanca and Volcdn Barva) . 23. B. penduliflora 5b. Older petioles, floral peduncles, and bracts moderately to copiously covered with oppressed or spreading brown hairs; outer floral bracts 5-9 mm wide on fruiting hypanthia. 6a. Uppermost intemodes and elevated primary nerves on abaxial leaf surfaces moderately to densely covered with spreading brown hairs less than 0.5 mm long; floral peduncles (2.0—)2.8—3.8 cm long; outer floral bracts 1.3—2.0 cm long; Mexico (Chiapas) and western Guatemala (Quezaltenango and San Marcos) . 25. B. purpusii 6b. Uppermost internodes and elevated primary nerves on abaxial leaf surfaces densely covered with appressed brown hairs 1-2.5 mm long; floral peduncles 1.2—2.0 mm long; outer floral bracts 0.7-0.8 cm long; western Panama (Chiriquf).17. B. gregii lb. Flowers erect or antrorsely divergent but never truly pendent, petals white, pink, magenta, red, or some combination of these colors, the petals well separated from one another or connivent when fully expanded but never forming a tube-like corolla that conceals the stamens. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Almeda Blakea in Mexico and Central America 301 7a. Calyx lobe apex elaborated into a deflexed ovate to cordate foliaceous appendage; style glandular- puberulent; cauline nodes lacking stipuliform setose flaps. 8a. Leaf blades (12.2—)19—35 X (10—)17—35.5 cm, cordate to ovate-orbicular; petioles 4.5—11.2 cm long; floral peduncles 0.7—1.6 cm long; anther sacs free from one another but connivent in a ring around the style. 31. B. tuberculata 8b. Leaf blades (6.3—)10.3—20.7 X 5.2—10.3 cm, elliptic to elliptic-ovate; petioles 1.5—3.7 cm long; floral peduncles 0.4—0.9 cm long; anther sacs laterally connate in a ring around the style .... .4. B. calycosa 7b. Calyx lobe apex not elaborated into a foliaceous appendage; style glabrous, or if glandular-p'uberulent, then uppermost cauline nodes bearing stipuliform setose flaps. 9a. Inner and outer floral bracts essentially free to the base. 10a. Adaxial leaf surface copiously covered with smooth or gland-tipped hairs; calyx lobes filiform . 32. B. wilburiana 10b. Adaxial leaf surface essentially glabrous; calyx lobes not filiform. 11a. Leaves at a node strongly dimorphic in size. 12a. Leaf blades subpeltate at the base, lacking inconspicuous domatia in the angles between the median vein and each of the two innermost veins on the abaxial surface. 18. B. guatemalensis 12b. Leaf blades not subpeltate at the base, inconspicuous domatia (these often rup¬ tured) typically formed in the angles between the median vein and each of the two innermost veins on the abaxial surface. 13. B. foliacea 1 lb. Leaves at a node not strongly dimorphic in size. 13a. Leaves sessile, auriculate to cordate-clasping at the base. 12. B. elliptica 13b. Leaves petiolate, not auriculate or cordate-clasping at the base. 14a. Outer floral bracts distinctly shorter than the hypanthium. 15a. Calyx fused and concealing petals in bud but rupturing at anthesis into 3^4 persistent or tardily deciduous lobes.LB. anomala 15b. Calyx lobes not fused and concealing petals in bud. 16a. Leaf blades bearing irregularly rupturing domatia in the angles between the median vein and each of the two proximal lateral veins on the abaxial surface; floral peduncles 1.3^4.8 cm long. 17a. Calyx lobes obsolete or evident only as depressed deltoid undulations; anther thecae laterally connate . .22. B. pauciftora 17b. Calyx lobes broadly ovate, 1-1.5 mm long and 2.5-3.5 mm wide basally; anther thecae free .... 19. B. hammelii 16b. Leaf blades lacking irregularly rupturing domatia in the angles between the median vein and each of the two proximal lateral veins on the abaxial surface; floral peduncles 0.5-1.2 cm long . 20. B. herrerae 14b. Outer floral bracts equaling or exceeding the hypanthium in length. 18a. Calyx consisting of a truncate flange, the lobes obsolete or merely low undulations. 19a. F loral peduncles 0.9—1.2 cm long; anther thecae free. . 1 1. B. darcyana, sp. nov. 19b. Floral peduncles 2.1 —4-.2 cm long; anther thecae laterally con¬ nate. 20a. Petals white with a flush of pink on the abaxial margins; anthers yellow, the apex rounded; hypanthium somewhat to markedly costulate in post-anthesis .15. B. gracilis 20b. Petals pink throughout; anthers pink or pale yellow-white, the apex bluntly obconic; hypanthium terete and smooth in post-anthesis. 21. B. litoralis 18b. Calyx consisting of well-defined lobes. 21a. Uppermost branchlet nodes bearing setose stipuliform flaps 1— 2 X 4—6 mm; style glandular-pubenilent. 26. B. repens 21b. Uppermost branchlet nodes lacking setose stipuliform flaps; style glabrous. 22a. Uppermost internodes quadrangular with carinate angles and interpetiolar ridges created by the basally vaginate petioles; leaf base acute to obtuse with the innermost pair of primary veins usually poculate-coalesced with the me¬ dian vein on the abaxial surface. . 29. B. subconnata var. obtusa 22b. Uppermost internodes essentially terete; leaf base obtuse to rounded with inconspicuous domatia (these often rup¬ tured) typically formed in the angles between the median 302 No von 9b. vein and each of the two innermost primary veins and sometimes in the angle of the outermost lateral veins as well on the abaxial surface. 13. B. foliacea Inner and/or outer floral bracts partially fused to completely fused for their entire length. 23a. Leaves sessile, auriculate to cordate-clasping at the base. 12. B. elliptica 23b. Leaves petiolate, neither auriculate nor cordate-clasping at the base. 24a. Nodes of upper branchlets swollen and often bearing small holes 1—2 mm diam. on the leaf scars that lead to domatia presumably occupied by ants . . 24. B. perforata, sp. nov. 24b. Nodes of upper branchlets not as above. 25a. Calyx fused and concealing petals in bud, the calyptra or lobes ultimately de¬ ciduous. 26a. Calyx calyptrate and falling away as a unit; the prominently lobed floral bracts superficially resembling the calyx; anthers 9.5—10 X 6-7 mm . . . . 7. B. costaricensis 26b. Calyx rupturing at anthesis into two to six ovate-oblong deciduous lobes, ultimately leaving a truncate flange or tube on fruiting hypanthia; anthers 5-7 X 2-4 mm. 27a. Flowers essentially sessile; petals 2-2.2 X 1.4—1.8 cm; anthers lat¬ erally connate, 5X2 mm.8. B. crinita 27b. Floral peduncles 0.9-3 cm long; petals 3.5-5.3 X 3^1 cm; anthers free, 7 X 3.5-4 mm .3. B. brunnea 25b. Calyx not fused and not concealing petals in bud, or if calyx is fused in bud, then the lobes rupturing regularly and persisting on fruiting hypanthia. 28a. Inner floral bracts free to the base; anther thecae laterally connate for at least half of their length. 9. B. cuatrecasii 28b. I nner floral bracts iused basally for at least hall of their length; anther thecae free. 29a. Petals brilliant red with a small white band at the base; anther con¬ nective prolonged dorsally into an upturned spur 3-5 mm long . . . .27. B, scarlatina 29b. Petals white, pink, or some combination of these colors; anther con¬ nective not prolonged dorsally into an acute spur. 30a. Inner floral bracts connate for essentially their entire length to form a cupulate truncate collar that closely envelops the hy- panthium. 31a. Outer floral bracts fused for hall or more of their length and closely enveloping inner floral bracts and the hypan- thium; fruiting hypanthia 1.5-2 cm long. 32a. Outer floral bracts exceeding the inner floral bracts in length and typically concealing them on flowering and fruiting hypanthia; peduncles on fruiting hy¬ panthia 1.2-2 cm long . . . 33. B. wilsoniorurn, sp. nov. 32b. Outer floral bracts somewhat shorter than the inner floral bracts, the distal portion of inner bracts visible on flowering and fruiting hypanthia; peduncles on fruiting hypanthia 2.5-5 cm long. 28. B. storkii 31b. Outer floral bracts fused for less than half of their length, the lobes spreading and not closely enveloping inner floral bracts or the hypanthium; fruiting hypanthium 0.5—0.7 cm long. 6. B. coloradensis, sp. nov. 30b. Inner floral bracts connate for only a portion of their length to form a 2-lobed collar that only partially envelops the hypan¬ thium. 33a. Floral peduncles (1.5—)2.7—4 cm long; petals 2.8-3.8 X 2-3.2 cm, white only flushed with pink apically and along the margins. 16. B. grandiflora 33b. Floral peduncles 0.4—1.2 cm long; petals 1.5—2.5 X 0.7- 1.8 cm, entirely pink or white. 34a. Uppermost nodes beset with an interpetiolar tuft of coarse hairs that falls away to leave a distinct in¬ terpetiolar ridge or line; leaf blades not white-punc- ticulate adaxially when dry; outer floral bracts fused basally for 3-6 mm; petals white; Costa Rica .... . 30. B. taparuiana 34b. Uppermost nodes not beset with an interpetiolar tuft of coarse hairs that falls away to leave a distinct Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Almeda Blakea in Mexico and Central America 303 interpetiolar ridge or line; leaf blades white punc- ticulate adaxially when dry; outer floral bracts fused basally for 7—10 mm; petals pink; Belize, Guate¬ mala, and Honduras . 10. B. cuneata 1. Blakea anomala Donnell Smith, Bot. Gaz. 42: 297. 1906. TYPE: Costa Rica. San Jose: In truncis putridis ad La Palma, 1450-1550 m, Sep. 1896, Pittier 10165 (syntype, US; isosyn- types, BR, CR, NY); Costa Rica. San Jose: In truncis putridis ad La Palma, 1450-1550 m, Sep. 1896, Tonduz 12521 (syntype, US; iso- syntype, NY). Distribution and phenology. Endemic to Costa Rica where it can be locally common in cloud for¬ ests ol the Cordillera Central and Cordillera de Tal- amanca at 700—1800(—2400) m. Collected in flower from September through April, fruiting into August. Blakea anomala is readily recognized by its ir¬ regularly rupturing calyx, small scalelike floral bracts, and laterally connate anthers. This species exhibits two modal tendencies with respect to pu¬ bescence and shape of the leaf base. Tbe syntypes (Pittier 10165 and Tonduz 12521) have copiously setose-furfuraceous upper internodes with leaves that also have varyingly persistent pubescence abaxially, and leal bases that are subcordate to rounded. This form varies through a series of less pubescent intermediates to individuals that are nearly glabrous or at most scurfy puberulent on vegetative buds with leaves that are mostly basally acute. The glabrous populations also have conspic¬ uous elevated interpetiolar ridges on the uppermost twigs, but these are lacking or not readily evident in the pubescent populations represented by the syntype material cited herein. Judging from avail¬ able collections examined for this study, the gla¬ brous variant is the more widespread form. The dif¬ ferences exhibited by these two extremes do not seem to correlate with other characters, nor do they appear to be correlated with geographic or eleva- tional differences. The extremes when compared side by side are impressive, but they are bridged by many intermediates that make formal taxonomic recognition pointless and arbitrary. Therefore, the species as recognized here is considered variable and polymorphic. Perhaps the observed differences are the result of repeated hybridization between two formerly distinct entities. 2. Blakea austin-smithii Standley, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1561. 1938. TYPE: Costa Rica. Alajuela: Palmira, 2200 m. Mar. 1938, A. Smith H382 (holotype, F; isotype, MO). Distribution and phenology. Endemic to Costa Rica where it is largely restricted to cloud forests on slopes of the Cordillera Central at 1500-2400 m. Collected in flower from November through March, in fruit from February through April. Among the species of Blakea with pendent green flowers, B. austin-smithii is distinguished by its saccate pouches at the petiole-laminar junction, bluntly denticulate leaf blades, and linear-lanceo¬ late outer floral bracts that equal or exceed the ca¬ lyx lobes at anthesis. 3. Blakea brunnea Cleason, in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 435. 1941. TYPE: Panama. Chiriquf: vicinity of Bajo Chorro, 1900 m, 20-22 July 1940, Wood- son & Schery 618 (holotype, NY; isotype, MO). Distribution and phenology. Endemic to the cloud forests of western Panama at 900-2300 m. Flowering collections have been made in January, March, and August, fruiting collections in July and December. The flowers of this species, which measure 13.5 cm across when fresh, are the largest of any known member of the Melastomataceae in the Mesoamer- ican region. The large flowers, rupturing calyx, and mixture of stout conic and flattened hairs on floral peduncles and young vegetative organs readily dis¬ tinguish this species. 4. Blakea calycosa Gleason, Phytologia 1: 342. 1939. TYPE: Panama. Code: vicinity of El Valle, 600-1000 m, 14 May 1939, Allen 1788 (holotype, NY; isotypes, F, MO, US). Distribution and phenology. Local and uncom¬ mon in cloud forests of Costa Rica and Panama at 600—1400 m. Flowering and fruiting collections have been made from August through March. Blakea calycosa is most similar to B. tuberculata with which it shares several diagnostic characters such as tuberculate petals, glandular-pul>erulent styles, reflexed foliaceous appendages at the tip of each calyx lobe, and similar anther appendages. They share a similar indument on young vegetative buds that consists of variously roughened subulate hairs. After examining types and numerous collec¬ tions of both taxa, I have concluded that these two species are closely related but distinct and worthy of continued recognition. Diagnostic character dif- 304 Novon ferences include foliar shape and size (shorter and narrower in B. calycosa), petiole and petal length (longer in B. tuberculata), free vs. laterally connate anther sacs (in B. calycosa), and staminal append¬ age posture (deflexed in B. calycosa vs. upturned in B. tuberculata). The taxonomy of this species pair is complicated, however, by a series of some 25 anomalous collections from Costa Rica and Pan¬ ama that do not fit comfortably into either taxon. A collection from the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica, for example (de Nevers et al. 7797, CAS), has leaf blades that are shaped like B. calycosa but ap¬ proach B. tuberculata in overall size. In flower size this collection is intermediate between the two taxa, and it has the prominent ovary cone anti collar of the latter. Another collection ( McPherson 7183, CAS) from Cerro Tute, Panama, has petioles that approach B. tuberculata in length, leaf blades that are intermediate in size and shape, flowers that are intermediate in size, and an ovary apex that is mod¬ ified into a low elevated cone surrounded by widely spaced glandular hairs reminiscent of B. calycosa. Field studies are needed to better evaluate the sta¬ tus of these enigmatic populations and to determine whether hybridization and introgression are respon¬ sible for the observed patterns of variation. 5. Blakea chlorantha Almeda, Rhodora 82: 609. 1980. TYPE: Costa Rica. Puntarenas: 3—3.5 km SE of Santa Elena and 2—3 km E of Mon- teverde on the Pefias Blancas trail. Cordillera de Tilar^n, 1500-1540 m, 19 Dec. 1973, Al¬ meda et al. 2005 (holotype, DUKE; isotypes, CAS, CR, MO, NY, US). Distribution and phenology. Endemic to Costa Rica where it is confined to the Cordillera de Ti- lardn and adjacent areas in cloud forest, elfin wood¬ land, and windswept ridges at 900-1800 m. Col¬ lected in flower from October through May, in fruit from January through May. This species is readily recognized by its semi¬ circular pseudoformicarial pouches at the petiole- laminar junction, entire leaf blades, and ovate to elliptic-ovate outer floral bracts that are conspicu¬ ously shorter than the calyx lobes at anthesis. 6. Blakea coloradensis Almeda, sp. nov. TYPE: Panama. Chiriquf/Bocas del Toro border: cloud forest off road to Cerro Colorado, 1450 m, 26 Jan. 1989, Almeda et al. 6417 (holotype, CAS; isotypes, MEXU, MO, NY, PMA, US). Figure 1. Frutex epiphyticus 2—3 m altus. Petioli 0.6-1.7 cm lon- gi; lamina 6.4—12.5 X 3.2—5.8 cm elliptica apice acumi¬ nata basi acuta vel obtusa ad maturitatem coriacea et gla¬ bra, 5-nervata, nervis secundariis 1.5—2 mm inter se distantibus. Flores 6-rneri in quoque nodo superiore 1-2, peduncularis 2^1.5 cm longis; bracteae exteriores 4—6 X 9—10 mm ovatae ad basim paulo (1.5—2 mm) coalitae; bracteae interiores 6-7 mm retusae vel subemarginatae omnino coalitae. Hypanthium (ad torum) 5—7 mm longum; calycis tubus ca. 3 mm longus, lobis 3^4 X 4—6 mm ro- tundatis usque truncatis. Petala 1.7—1.9 X 1.6-1.8 cm obovata apice rotundato. Antherae 4—5 X 1-1.5 mm ob- longae inter se lateraliter non eohaerenles apice minute biporosae; connectivum ad basim dorsaliter paulo eleva- tum. Ovarium 6-loculare, cono glabro (collo non evoluto). Epiphytic shrub 2-3 m tall. Upper branchlets glabrous and sparingly lenticellate, distinctly quad¬ rate to sulcate becoming rounded-quadrate with age. Vegetative buds, young petioles and floral buds, and the adaxial surface and elevated primary veins of immature leaves moderately to densely covered with a brownish scurfy indument of mealy ill-defined matted particles. Mature leaves of a pair equal to somewhat unequal in size, essentially gla¬ brous on both surfaces; petioles 0.6-1.7 cm long; blades coriaceous, 6.4-12.5 X 3.2-5.8 cm, elliptic, apex acuminate, base acute varying to obtuse, mar¬ gin entire to subentire, 5-nerved, the transverse secondary veins spaced 1.5—2 mm apart at the wid¬ est portion of the blade. Flowers erect, 1 or 2 in each leaf axil of uppermost branches; peduncles 2— 4.5 cm long, rounded-quadrate, glabrous and len¬ ticellate. Floral bracts sessile, outer bracts 4—6 X 9-10 mm, fused basally for 1.5-2 mm, flaring to form a skirtlike collar, depressed-ovate, apex blunt¬ ly retuse to subemarginate, margin entire but ± undulate-involute, 3-veined, glabrous throughout; inner bracts connate for their entire length to form an unlobed cuplike collar 6—7 mm long that closely envelops the hypanthium. Hypanthium (in post an¬ thesis) eampanulate, 5-7 mm long to the torus and 8—10 mm diam., glabrous. Calyx tube ca. 3 mm long; free portions of calyx lobes 3-4 mm long and 4—6 mm wide basally, rounded-truncate, margin coarsely entire and somewhat callose-thickened at the median apex, glabrous on both surfaces. Petals 6, glabrous, 1.7—1.9 X 1.6—1.8 cm, white, obovate, apically rounded, entire. Stamens 12, isomorphic; filaments 6 mm long, complanate, glabrous and somewhat declined to one side of the flower oppos¬ ing the style; anthers free, 4—5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, yellow, oblong, laterally compressed with two well-separated pores at the rounded-truncate apex; connective dilated dorso-basally ca. 0.5 mm above the filament insertion into a blunt appendage. Ova¬ ry 6-celled, glabrous at the slightly elevated bluntly conic apex but lacking a collar. Style erect and somewhat incurved distally, glabrous, 1.1-1.3 cm long, the expanded stigma subtruncate to broadly Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Almeda Blakea in Mexico and Central America 305 Figure 1. Blakea coloradensis Almeda. —A. Habit. —B. Representative leaf (abaxial surface). —C. Open flower with several petals and outer bracts removed. —I). Hypanthium and floral bracts with petals, androecium, and style removed. E. Petal (adaxial surface). —E Stamens, ventral view (left), lateral view (right). —G. Hypanthium (top view) showing ovary summit, torus, and calyx lobes. (A-G from Almeda et al. 6417.) 306 Novon rounded. Berry subglobose, 1 X 1 cm. Seeds beige, mostly 1 mm long. Distribution and phenology. A little-collected cloud forest species presently known from the Pa¬ cific slope of Cerro Colorado, Panama, at 1390— 1450 m. Collected in flower in January, in fruit in July. Blakea coloradensis is unique among its Me- soamerican congeners in having outer floral bracts that are widely spreading to form a saucer-like structure at the base of the hypanthium. The pro¬ nounced spreading posture of the outer floral bracts exposes the completely fused inner floral bracts in a way that is never seen in other members of the genus with well-developed foliaceous outer bracts. This distinctive bracteal feature coupled with the short hypanthium (5—7 mm long), comparatively narrow leaves (3.2-5.8 cm wide), and small petals (1.7-1.9 X 1.6-1.8 cm) readily sets B. coloradensis apart from all other members of the genus. In having dorsally appendiculate anthers and in¬ ner floral bracts that are completely fused to form an apically truncate, cupulate collar that tightly en¬ velops the hypanthium, B. coloradensis is most sim¬ ilar to B. storkii of Costa Rica and Panama. Plants of the latter species are invariably coarser with out¬ er floral bracts that are fused for half or more of their length to form a cup that closely envelops the inner bracts and hypanthium, the hypanthium proper is longer (1.2-1.9 cm), and the petals are modally larger (2-4.2 X 1.5—2.9 cm). Since B. co¬ loradensis appears to be a local endemic with a limited elevational range, it is tempting to suggest that it was derived from an allopatric relative like B. storkii, which occurs at mostly higher elevations (1500—2636 m) from Cerro Pate Macho in western Panama northwestward to the Cordillera Central of Costa Rica. Paratype. PANAMA. Chiriqiif: Cerro Colorado, along road to copper mine, 34.1 km beyond bridge over Rio San Felix near town of San Felix, 13.1 km beyond turnoff to Escopeta, 15 July 1976 (fr), Croat 37300 (MO). 7. Blakea costaricensis Umana & Almeda, Sel- byana 12: 1. 1991. TYPE: Costa Rica. Limon: Valle de Estrella, Fila Matama, El Progreso, 1600 m, 24 Apr. 1989, Herrera & Chacon 2758 (holotype, CR; isotypes, CAS, COL, F, K, MEXU, MO, QCNE, US, USJ, WIS). Distribution and phenology. This little-collect¬ ed endemic of Costa Rica appears to be restricted to the Caribbean slopes of the Cordillera de Tala- manca in montane forests at 1300—1600 m. Flow¬ ering collections have been made in April; fruiting collections are unknown. Among Mesoamerican species of Blakea, this species is unusual in having large flowers that mea¬ sure 10-11 cm across when fresh, a calyptriform calyx, and floral bracts that are 6-lobed and remi¬ niscent of a typical calyx. Correa & Montenegro 10169 and McPherson 7926 (both at CAS) from Parque Nacional Altos de Campana, Panama, are reminiscent of B. costaricensis in having thick co¬ riaceous leaves and a calyptriform calyx. Field ob¬ servations and additional study of the Panama plants are needed to determine whether they are conspecific with B. costaricensis. 8. Blakea crinita Gleason, Phytologia 3: 356. 1950. TYPE: Panama. Code: crest of Cerro Pajita, Allen 3956 (holotype, NY; isotypes, BM, MO). Distribution and phenology. This little-collect¬ ed species is known only from cloud forest habitats on Cerros Pajita and Gaital in the vicinity of El Valle de Anton, Panama, at 900-1400 m. Collected in flower from November through January, in very young fruit in February, July, and November. In the protologue of this species, Gleason stated that he could not satisfactorily determine the struc¬ ture of the hypanthium and involucre (floral bracts) because of the dense hair covering. This species was known to him only from the type. Two of the five additional collections examined for this treat¬ ment each have a single open flower and none has mature fruits, so a thorough analysis of the repro¬ ductive characters in this species is still needed. Blakea crinita is unusual in having a combination of essentially sessile flowers, laterally connate an¬ thers, and a calyx that ruptures at anthesis in two to six deciduous lobes. On fruiting hypanthia, rem¬ nants of the calyx form a tubelike flange. 9. Blakea cuatrecasii Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72: 387. 1945. TYPE: Colombia. Valle: Cordillera Occidental, 900—1180 m, Cuatre- casas 15180 (holotype, NY; isotypes, CAS, F, US). Distribution and phenology. Localized in cen¬ tral and eastern Panama where it is known from cloud forests on Cerros Jefe, Mali, Sapo, and Pirre extending to western Colombia at 650-1500 m. Collected in flower and fruit sporadically through¬ out the year. This species exhibits much variation in leaf shape and the size and degree of fusion of the outer floral bracts, but none of the differences can be Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Almeda Blakea in Mexico and Central America 307 correlated with geography or other characters. The recognition of a single taxonomic entity seems war¬ ranted in view of interpopulational homogeneity with respect to the lepidote indument on abaxial foliar surfaces, semicircular floral bracts, bicolored petals (white with red-pink apical band abaxially), and pseudoterminal position of the anther append¬ ages. 10. Blakea cuneata Standley, Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461: 76. 1936. TYPE: Belize. Pe- ten: Rio Viejo, Camp 32, 20 Nov. 1933, Schipp S-604 (holotype, F). Blakea bella Standley, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 94. 1940. Syn. nov. TYPE: Guatemala. Izabal: hank of Rio Du Ice, 28 Mar. 1939, Wilson 402 (holotype, F). Distribution and phenology. Local in rainforests from Belize to Guatemala and Honduras at 250- 1140 m. Collected in flower during September and October, in fruit during April and May. The only character used to distinguish B. cunea¬ ta and B. bella in the past has been petal length (Standley & Williams, 1963). Petal size for the for¬ mer was reported as 1.5 cm long in the protologue, whereas that of the latter was given as 3 cm long. Petals on the holotype of B. bella are in fact only 2-2.5 cm long. All other specimens attributable to this complex have petals ranging in length from 1.5 to 2.5 cm. Because these two species are otherwise identical or exhibit comparable patterns of size var¬ iation in all other features, there appears to be no sound basis for the continued recognition of two taxa. I herein relegate B. bella to the synonymy of B. cuneata. 11. Blakea darcyana Almeda, sp. nov. TYPE: Panama. Chiriqui: Fortuna Dam area, N of res¬ ervoir, ridge along Continental Divide and southward from Quebrada de Arena, 1100- 1500 m, Aug. 1984, W. G. D'Arcy & C. Todzia 15958 (holotype, CAS; isotypes, MO, US). Fig¬ ure 2. Frutex. Petioli 1.1—2.1 cm longi; lamina 4.9—7.7 cm obovata apice caudata basi acuta vel acuminata ad ma- turitatem eoriacea et glabra, 3-5-nervata, nervi in axillis acarodomatiis instructi, nervis secundariis 0.25 mm inter se distantibus. Flores 6-meri in quoque nodo superiore singuli, peduncularis 0.9-1.2 cm longis; bracteae exter- iores 1.1—1.3 X 1.1—1.2 cm ovatae vel ovato-ellipticae, ad basim paulo (1 mm) coalitae vel omnino liberae; bracteae interiores 1—1.2 X 1 — 1.4 cm obovatae, omnino liberae. Hypanthium (ad torum) 0.6 cm longum; calycis tubus 4 mm longus, lobis paullulo 6-undulatus. Petala 12-13 X 13.5- 17 mm ovata apice rotundato vel undulato. Antherae 4.5— 5 X 3—3.5 mm inter se lateral iter non cohaerentes apice minute biporosae; connectivum ad basim dorsaliter dente 0.25 mm descendenti armatum. Ovarium 6-loculare, cono glabro (eollo non evoluto). Shrub. Upper branchlets terete to rounded-quad¬ rate and glabrous with thickened interpetiolar lines or ridges. Mature leaves of a pair equal or nearly so, glabrous on both surfaces; petioles 1.1-2.1 cm long; blades coriaceous when dry, 4.9-7.7 cm long and 3-4.5 cm wide, obovate, apex caudate, base acute to acuminate, margin entire, 3- to 5-nerved with inconspicuous but well-developed, irregularly ruptured domatia formed at the abaxial blade base in the angles between the median vein and each of the two proximal lateral veins, the striolate trans¬ verse secondary veins spaced 0.25 mm apart or less at the widest portion of the blade. Flowers erect, solitary in the uppermost leaf axils and appearing pseudoterminal; peduncles 0.9—1.2 cm long, some¬ what compressed laterally when dry, glabrous throughout. Floral bracts sessile, entire and gla¬ brous throughout; outer bracts 1.1-1.3 X 1.1-1.2 cm, free or fused basally for 1 mm at anthesis, ovate to elliptic-ovate, apex bluntly short-acuminate; in¬ ner bracts 1.1—1.2 X 1—1.4 cm, free, obovate, apex rounded. Hypanthium campanulate to suburceola- te, 0.6 cm long to the torus and 0.6 cm diam., gla¬ brous. Calyx 4 mm long from the torus, flangelike and involute, the lobes merely depressed undula¬ tions with inconspicuous callose thickenings at the median abaxial apex, glabrous on both surfaces. Petals 6, glabrous, 12-13 X 13.5-17 mm, white flushed with pink, depressed-ovate to suborbicular, apically rounded to gently undulate, entire. Sta¬ mens 12, isomorphic, filaments 5-8 mm long, com- planate and glabrous; anthers free, 4.5-5 mm long, 3-3.5 mm wide on the lateral face, probably yellow, ellipsoid in profile view, laterally compressed with two well-separated pores at the apex; connective thickened and dilated dorso-basally into a blunt de- flexed appendage less than 0.25 mm long about 1 mm above the base of the anther thecae. Ovary 6- celled, glabrous at the elevated conelike apex. Style glabrous, 6—7 mm long; stigma punctiform. Mature berry and seeds not seen. Distribution and phenology. Known only from the type collection made in western Panama. Blakea darcyana is distinguished by its glabrous, apically caudate leaves, finely striolate foliar ve¬ nation, foliaceous floral bracts that conceal the hv- panthium, flangelike involute calyx tube, and dor¬ so-basally appendiculate anther connective. Another distinctive, but readily overlooked, diag¬ nostic feature of this species is the domatia (most evident when ruptured) at the abaxial blade base 308 Novon Figure 2. Blakea darcyana Almeda. —A. Habit. —B. Representative leaf (abaxial surface). —C. Leaf base (abaxial surface) showing perforated domatia. —D. Flower bud enveloped and concealed by outer and inner bracts. —E. Flower in pre-anthesis with three petals removed. —F. Petal (adaxial surface). —G. Stamen, lateral view. (A-G from D’Arcy & Todzia 15958.) Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Almeda Blakea in Mexico and Central America 309 in the angles between the median vein and eac h of the two proximal lateral veins (Fig. 2C). Vegeta- tively, B. darcyana is reminiscent of some of the broader-leaved populations of B. herrerae Almeda, another Panama endemic. The latter, however, has greatly reduced floral bracts that do not conceal the hypanthia, pale greenish white petals, and laterally connate anther thecae; it lacks foliar domatia. Blak¬ ea gracilis is the only other species with which B. darcyana might be confused because of its large foliaceous floral bracts and unlobed flangelike ca¬ lyx. It differs consistently from the new species in its laterally connate anther thecae, longer floral pe¬ duncles (2.1—4.2 cm), hypanthia that are costulate in post-anthesis, and lack of foliar domatia. The label on the type describes B. darcyana as a shrub. More collections and additional field ob¬ servations may show that it is often epiphytic like so many members of the genus that occur in the perpetually wet cloud forest covering the slopes and valleys of the Fortuna region of western Panama. This species is named for William G. D'Arcy (1931—1999), collector of the type and long-time student of the Solanaceae and the neotropical flora, in recognition of his many contributions to under¬ standing the rich and diverse flora of Panama. 12. Blakea elliptica (Gleason) Almeda, Proe. Ca¬ lif. Acad. Sci. 43: 270. 1984. Topobea elliptica Gleason, Phytologia 3: 353. 1950. TYPE: Pan¬ ama. Bocas del Toro: N slopes of Cerro Hor- queta, 6000-7000 ft., 5-7 Aug. 1947, Allen 5001 (holotype, MO). Distribution and phenology. Uncommon in cloud forests, elfin forests, and windswept ridges from the Fortuna region to the vicinity of Cerro Horqueta in western Panama at 1800-2100 m. Col¬ lected in flower from January through March, Sep¬ tember, and December, in fruit from February through May. Thi s is one of the most distinctive Central Amer¬ ican species of Blakea because of its sessile clasp¬ ing leaves and deciduous indument of spreading glandular and blunt conic hairs on distal branch- lets, pedicels, floral bracts, and vegetative buds. 13. Blakea foliacea Gleason, Phytologia 3: 355. 1950. TYPE: Panama. Bocas del Toro: vicinity of Chiriquf Lagoon, 14 Apr. 1941, von Wedel 2219 (holotype, NY; isotype, US). Distribution and phenology. Cloud forests and rainforests in Costa Rica where it is uncommon and Panama where it is locally very common at 250- 1200(—2000) m. Collected in flower and fruit throughout the year. The diagnostic features of B. foliacea include the inconspicuous abaxial foliar domatia, free folia¬ ceous floral bracts, and laterally connate anthers. Variation in pubescence quantity and the size and shape of floral bracts is considerable in this species. None of the extremes involving either char¬ acter can be correlated with other differences. The most pubescent populations occur on Cerro Colo¬ rado and in the Fortuna region of western Panama, but even these extremes are sufficiently diverse in other characters to preclude recognition of geo¬ graphically meaningful taxa. Floral bract size and shape also vary independently of other characters throughout the range of this species. 14. Blakea fuchsioides Almeda, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 46: 137. 1989. TYPE. Panama. Chiriquf: La Fortuna area, ca. 7 mi. N of Los Planes de Homito, 1097 m, 26 Aug. 1983, Hammel & Kress 13473 (holotype, CAS; iso¬ type, DUKE). Distribution and phenology. Endemic to cloud forests of western Panama at 1050-1650 m. Col¬ lected in flower in January, in fruit in March. This is a striking species with showy pendent flowers that are reminiscent of Fuchsia in their pen¬ dent posture and two-toned coloration. Although field observations of open flowers are still lacking, I strongly suspect that this species produces floral nectar because it otherwise has all the earmarks of a hummingbird-pollinated flower (Almeda, 1989; Proctor et ah, 1996). 15. Blakea gracilis Hemsley, Diag. Plant. Nov. 1: 13. 1878. TYPE: Costa Rica. Endres 248 (holotype, K). Distribution and phenology. Locally common in cloud forests from Nicaragua to Panama at 1200- 2300 m. Collected in flower from September through April, in fruit from November through July. This species and B. litoralis L. 0. Williams, which are very similar vegetatively, are commonly confused. Blakea gracilis has bright yellow anthers, white petals with a flush of pink on the abaxial margins, and an ovary that is somewhat to markedly costulate in post anthesis. In B. litoralis, the an¬ thers are pink or very pale yellow-white, the petals are pink, and the ovary (even when immature) is terete and smooth. In B. gracilis the anthers are rounded apically, whereas in B. litoralis they are bluntly obconic apically. These two species also ap¬ pear to have modally different elevational distri- 310 Novon butions. Blakea litoralis grows at lower elevations (0-1000 m) rarely extending to 1250 m, whereas B. gracilis prefers higher elevations (1200—2200 m). 16. Blakea grandiflora Hemsley, Diag. Plant. Nov. 1: 13. 1878. TYPE: Costa Rica. Endres 230 (holotype, K). Blakea pittieri Cogniaux, DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 1080. 1801. Syn. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica, La Palma, 1550 m, Pittier 697 (holotype, BR). Distribution and phenology. Endemic to Costa Rica where it is locally common on cloud forest slopes of the Cordillera de Tilardn, Cordillera Cen¬ tral, and Cordillera de Talamanca at (950—)1500— 2500 m. Collected in flower and fruit from July through January. This species is variable in habit, foliar size, and indument abundance. In some populations all in¬ dividuals are free-standing trees. In others, all plants encountered are epiphytic shrubs. In foliar size, some individuals have uniformly small leaves (8-9.5 X 3-6 cm) whereas others have much larger leaves (14—26 X 8—13.5 cm). The holotype of B. grandiflora, the older name for this species, con¬ stitutes the glabrous extreme, whereas the holotype of B. pittieri represents a population of the more pubescent variant. These variants are connected by a range of intermediates that makes assignment of all but the extremes difficult and arbitrary. Because all of the populations in this complex are very sim¬ ilar in vegetative and reproductive characters, the recognition of a single taxonomic entity appears to be the most prudent and defensible disposition based on available data. 17. Blakea gregii Ahneda, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 46: 305. 1990. TYPE: Panama. Chiriquf: Cerro Pate Macho, 2100 m, 17 Jan. 1986, G. de Nevers & G. McPherson 6840 (holotype, CAS; isotypes, MEXU, MO, PMA, US). Distribution and phenology. Endemic to a small area of western Panama extending from Cerro Hor- queta to Cerro Pate Macho in cloud forest or elfin forest at 1800-2200 m. Collected in flower in Jan¬ uary, in fruit in March. It is known from fewer than five collections. Blakea gregii differs from the other four green- flowered species of Blakea in having uppermost in- temodes and elevated primary veins on abaxial leal surfaces that are densely covered with appressed brown hairs 1-2.5 mm long, leaves that lack the saccate pseudoformicarial pouches at the petiole- laminar junction, and outer and inner floral bracts that are shorter than the combined length of the hypanthium and calyx lobes. 18. Blakea guatemalensis Donnell Smith, Bot. Gaz. 14: 25. 1889. TYPE: Guatemala. Alta Verapaz, Pansamala, 3800 ft., Sep. 1886, von Tuerckheim 778 (holotype, US; isotypes, BR, K). Blakea subpeltata Cogniaux, DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 1075. 1891. Syn. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Turrialba, Oer¬ sted 8 (holotype, C not seen; isotype, BR). Distribution and phenology. Local and uncom¬ mon in Guatemala with disjunct populations in Costa Rica and Panama in rainforests and cloud forests at 50—1600(-2000) m. Collected in flower from October through April, in fruit from January through July. The distinctive characters of B. guatemalensis include its pronounced foliar dimorphism at each node, subpeltate leaf blades, completely free floral bracts, and laterally connate anthers with connec¬ tives that are keeled dorsally and modified dorso- basally into a deflexed spurlike appendage. When Cogniaux described B. subpeltata from Cos¬ ta Rica he did not compare it with B. guatemalensis nor did he provide any comments on its affinities. It is difficult to know what led him to recognize the Guatemalan and Costa Rican populations as distinct taxa because they are similar in all details. The ho¬ lotype of B. guatemalensis appears to be an extreme variant in having somewhat longer floral peduncles than all other collections seen from Guatemala or Costa Rica. Because these two taxa are otherwise indistinguishable in all vegetative and reproductive features, I consider them to be conspecifie. Carras- quilla 2049 (US) from Panama is the first and only known record from that country. 19. Blakea hammelii Ahneda, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 46: 309. 1990. TYPE: Panama. Chiriquf: 3.5 mi. NE of Boquete, end of road on slope S of Rfo Palo Alto, 17 Nov. 1978, Hammel 5688 (holotype, CAS; isotype, MO). Distribution and phenology. Known only from the slopes of Cerro Pate Macho and along the Rfo Palo Alto in western Panama where it is local and uncommon in cloud forests at 1600—1900 m. Col¬ lected in flower in January, March through April, ami November, in fruit from January through April. Vegetatively, Blakea hammelii resembles B. pau- ciflora, but it is readily distinguished by the follow¬ ing combination of characters: leaf blades that are caudate to cuspidate apically, greatly reduced floral bracts (3—5 X 2—3.5 mm), well-developed broadly ovate calyx lobes, and free anther thecae. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Almeda Blakea in Mexico and Central America 311 20. Blakea herrerae Almeda, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 46: 311. 1990. TYPE: Panama. Comarca de San Bias: El Llano-Cartf road at about km 19, Ina Igar trail in the vicinity of Nusagandi, 350 m, 1 Feb. 1989, Almeda et al. 6507 (ho- lotype, CAS; isotypes, AAU, BM. BR, CR, DUKE, E, G, MA, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, P, PMA, TEX, US, WIS). Distribution and phenology. Low rainforests from the Caribbean slope of central Panama (Code) east to the Nusagandi region (Comarca de San Bias) at 100—400 m. Flowering and fruiting sporadically throughout the year. Blakea h errerae has flowers that are erect at an- tliesis with greenish white more or less translucent petals, free floral bracts, and unappendaged later¬ ally connate anther thecae. 21. Blakea litoralis L. 0. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 31: 34. 1964. TYPE: Costa Rica. Puntar- enas: vicinity of Esquinas Experiment Station, Golfo Dulce area, sea level, 30 Sep. 1949, Al¬ len 5329 (holotvpe, F; isotypes, F, K, US). Blakea florida L. (). Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 31: 33. 1964. Syn. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Guanacaste: 5 km E of Tilaran above Laguna de Arenal, 900-1000 m. 13 Feb. 1963, Williams & Williams 25099 (ho- lotype, F; isotypes, NY, US). Blakea gracilis Hemsley var. longifolia Cogniaux, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 30: 266. 1891. Syn. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Entre le General et le Rfo San Pedro, Tonduz 3764 (holotype, BR). Distribution and phenology. Essentially re¬ stricted to Costa Rica with one collection known from the El Valle region of Panama in rainforests and low cloud forests at sea level to 1000(-1250) in. Collected in flower from August through April, in fruit from February through April. This species and B. florida , which were de¬ scribed on consecutive pages of the same publi¬ cation, are identical in all vegetative and fruit char¬ acters and 1 consider them conspecific. I adopt the name B. litoralis for this species and relegate B. florida to synonymy because the type of the former has good flowers, whereas the type of the latter lacks petals and stamens. For diagnostic differenc¬ es between B. litoralis and its presumed closest rel¬ ative, B. gracilis , see the discussion following the latter species. 22. Blakea paueiflora Gleason, Phytologia 3: 357. 1950. TYPE: Panama. Chiriquf: Sierra del Boquete, Maurice 744 (holotype, NY; iso¬ type, US). Distribution and phenology. Endemic to Costa Rica and Panama where it is locally common in rainforests and cloud forests at 700—1800(-2100) m. Collected in flower and fruit throughout the year. The species is recognized with ease because the calyx tube is spreading and flangelike, and the ca¬ lyx lobes are obsolete or evident as broadly de¬ pressed deltoid undulations with blunt callose- thickened teeth abaxially. 23. Blakea penduliflora Almeda, Brittonia 32: 508. 1981. TYPE: Costa Rica. Heredia: SW flanks of Volcan Barva above Sacramento in the vicinity of Laguna Barva, 2700 m, 28 July 1977, Almeda et al. 3284 (holotype, CAS; iso¬ type, F). Distribution and phenology. Endemic to Costa Rica where it is local and uncommon in cloud for¬ ests of the Cordillera Central and Cordillera de Tal- amanca at 2400-2700 m. Among the pendent-flowered species with green petals, B. penduliflora stands out by virtue of its essentially glabrous but conspicuously lenticellate floral peduncles and its glabrous apically obtuse to rounded outer floral bracts. 24. Blakea perforata Almeda, sp. nov. TYPE: Panama. Panama: area surrounding Rancho Chorro, Canazas mountains above Tortf Arriba, 400—700 m, 3 Dec. 1977, ]. Folsom et al. 6740 (holotype, CAS; isotype, MO). Figure 3. Frutex epiphyticus. Ramuli paulo nodosi rotundato- quadrangulati demum teretes ad nodos perforate Petioli 2-4 cm longi; lamina 8.3-16.5 X 4—8 cm elliptica apice acuminato vel caudato-acuminato basi acuta, 5-plinervata, nervis secundariis 1.5—2.5 mm inter se distantibus. Flores 6-meri in quoque undo superiore 1-2, peduncularis 2—3 cm longis; bracteae exteriores 1.9-2.2 X 1.3-1.6 cm ova- to-ellipticae, ad basim 1.3-1.6 cm coalitae; bracteae in- teriores 1.4—1.6 X 1.3—1.5 cm ca. 7—8 mm coalitae. Ily- panthium (ad torum) 1 cm longum; calycis tubus 4-5 mm longus, lobis 2-3 mm longis. Petala 2.1-2.3 X 1.8-1.9 cm ovata vel obovata apice rotundato. Antherae 4—5 X 1.5-2 mm inter se lateraliter non cohaerentes apice mi¬ nute biporosae; connectivum nec prolongatum nec appen- diculatum. Ovarium 6-loculare, apice glabro (cono et collo non evoluto). Epiphytic shrub. Upper branchlets rounded- quadrate and glabrous with swollen nodes often bearing small holes 1-2 mm diatn. that lead to domatia presumably occupied by ants. Vegetative buds copiously covered with a caducous mixture of finely barbed coarse subulate hairs and bifid or dendritic hairs. Mature leaves of a pair equal to somewhat unequal in size, adaxially glabrous, abaxially irregularly white-puncticulate on the ae- 312 Novon Figure 3. Blakea perforata Almeda. —A. Habit. —B. Representative leaf (abaxial surface). —C. Floral bud at pre- anthesis. —D. Outer floral bracts removed from hypanthium, cut longitudinally, and spread apart in a single plane. —E. Inner floral bracts removed from hypanthium, cut longitudinally, and spread apart in a single plane. —F. petal (adaxial surface). —G. Stamen (ventral view). —H. Hypanthium with floral bracts and all other floral parts removed. (A-H from Folsom et al. 6740.) tual surface and sparingly beset with barbellate conic hairs on the elevated primary veins where they diverge from the median vein at the blade base; petioles 2-4 cm long; blades coriaceous when dry, 8.3-16.5 X 4—8 cm, elliptic, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate, base acute, margin entire, 5- plinerved with the innermost pair of primary veins diverging from the median vein 1—6 mm above the blade base, the transverse secondary veins spaced 1.5—2.5 mm apart at the widest portion of the blade. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Almeda Blakea in Mexico and Central America 313 Flowers erect, 1 or 2 in each leaf axil of uppermost branches; peduncles 2-3 cm long, essentially terete but sulcate-striate when dry, glabrous and sparingly lenticellate distally. Floral bracts sessile and entire; outer bracts 1.9-2.2 X 1.3—1.6 cm, lused basally for 1.3—1.6 cm at anthesis, elliptic-ovate, acumi¬ nate, margin entire, 3- to 5-veined, glabrous throughout; inner bracts 1.4—1.6 X 1.3-1.5 cm, connate basally for 7-8 mm to form a 2-lobed cup¬ like collar that envelops the hypanthium but is somewhat concealed by the outer bracts, the free portions of the inner bracts rounded-triangular and glabrous, 0.8 X 1.5 cm. Hypanthium (in mature bud) campanulate, 1 cm long to the torus and 1- 1.2 cm diam., glabrous. Calyx tube 4-5 mm long; calyx lobes 2-3 mm long and 4—5 mm wide basally, rounded with a callose thickening at the median apex on the abaxial surface, margin essentially en¬ tire, glabrous on both surfaces. Petals 6, glabrous, 2.1-2.3 X 1.8-1.9 cm, white, ovate to obovate, api- eally rounded, entire. Stamens 12, isomorphic; fil¬ aments 3.5—4.5 mm long, complanate and glabrous; anthers free, 4—5 mm long, 1.5—2 mm wide, yellow, oblong, laterally compressed with two well-separat¬ ed pores at the truncate apex; connective somewhat thickened but not dilated into an appendage. Ovary 6-celled, glabrous at the somewhat elevated apex but lacking a collar. Style glabrous, 14.5-17 mm long in mature bud; stigma truncate. Mature berrv and seeds not seen. Distribution and phenology. Known only from the type collection. The outstanding feature of B. perforata is the swollen perforated nodes of distal branches that ap¬ pear to function as ant domatia. This adaptation is unknown among other Mesoamerican species of Blakea. What appear to be functionally similar structures among the Melastomataceae are pro¬ duced in a few South American species of Miconia, a few species of the closely related genus Topobea, an as yet unpublished new genus of the tribe Mi- conieae (Schnell, 1996), and in the Old World ge¬ nus Pachycentria (Maxwell, 1978). Blakea perforata is most similar to B. tapantiana Umana & Almeda and B. cuneata Standley in foliar and floral morphology. The former differs in having shorter floral peduncles (0.6—1 cm), narrower outer floral bracts (0.8—1.1 cm) that are fused basally for only 3—6 mm (vs. 13—16 mm in B. perforata ), and uppermost nodes with tufts of coarse hairs that fall away to leave a distinct interpetiolar ridge or line. Blakea cuneata, a species of northern Central America, differs in having shorter floral peduncles (0.4—1.2 cm), larger calyx lobes (4—8 X 6-9 mm). pink petals, outer floral bracts that are fused ba¬ sally for only 0.7-1 cm, and leaf blades that are glabrous to sparsely stellulate-furfuraceous abaxi- allv where the primary veins diverge from one an¬ other at the base. 25. Blakea purpusii Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 58. 1914. TYPE; Mexico. Chia¬ pas: Cerro del Boqueron, Purpus 6786 (holo- type, UC; isotypes, BM, F, MO, NY, US). Distribution and phenology. Endemic to Volcan Tacana on the Chiapas, Mexico-Guatemala border and Volcan Tajumulco and environs in western Guatemala in cloud forests at 1300-2700 m. Col¬ lected in flower from October through December and in August, in fruit in March. Blakea purpusii is most similar to a group of four southern Central American species that includes B. austin-smithii Standley, B. chlorantha Almeda, B. gregii Almeda, and B. penduliflora Almeda. All five members of this species group produce copious nectar and have pendent flowers with imbricate, pale green petals that are bell-like at anthesis. The southern Central American species have dark pur¬ ple anthers and a similar purple Hush at the base of each petal and anther filament. Field studies by Lumer (1981) and Lumer and Schoer (1986) have shown that B. austin-smithii, B. chlorantha, and B. penduliflora are visited and pollinated by six spe¬ cies of rodents belonging to four genera. Blakea purpusii is geographically isolated from the other green-flowered members of the genus and also differs in having bright yellow anthers, red fil¬ aments, and green petals flushed with bright red basally. On 23-24 November 1980 I studied this species in the field on the southeastern slopes of Volcan Tacand in Chiapas, Mexico. Copious nectar was noted in numerous flowers at 3:00 p.m. on the afternoon of the first day and many flowers in the same population also had copious amounts of nec¬ tar the following morning at 8:00 a.m. During both days the white-eared hummingbird (Hylocharis leu- cotis) was observed visiting numerous individuals of this species, taking nectar, and evidently polli¬ nating the flowers. To my knowledge, no other ob¬ servations have ever been made on possible polli¬ nators of this species. 26. Blakea repens (Ruiz & Pavdn) D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 325. 1823. Valdesia repens Ruiz & Pavdn, Syst. 121. 1798. TYPE: Peru. Huan- uco: Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavdn s.n. in 1795 (ho- lotype, MA; isotype, BM ex herb. Lambert). 314 Novon H lake a incerta J. F. Macbride, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 4: 179. 1929. TYPE: Peru. Huanaco: Cushi, 5(KM) ft., 19—23 June 1923, Macbride 4850 (holotype, F). Distribution and phenology. In the area under study this species is known from two collections made in the Fortuna region of Panama where it occurs in cloud forests at 1150—1400 m. It ranges southward to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Col¬ lected in flower in February and April. The South American populations of this species generally have larger leaves (14—21 X 6-12 cm), hut they are otherwise a good match for Panaman¬ ian material in salient features such as nodal sti- puliform flaps, free floral bracts, laterally connate anther sacs, glandular-puberulent styles, and the distinctive staminal appendages. 27. Blakea scarlatina Alineda, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 46: 314. 1990. TYPE: Costa Rica. Alajuela: 20—30 km SE of Cataratas de San Ram6n, 2150—2500 ft. (655—762 m), 20 Mar. 1978, Almeda et al. 4308 (holotype, CAS). Distribution and phenology. Local and uncom¬ mon mostly in the Caribbean lowlands and adjoin¬ ing slopes of Nicaragua and Costa Rica in rainforest and cloud forest at 0—1450 m. In the past some collections of this species have been erroneously identified as B. cuneata Standley and B. grandiflora Hemsley. Blakea scarlatina dif¬ fers from both of these species in having broader floral bracts, larger flowers with brilliant red petals, and very different, prominently spurred anther con¬ nectives. 28. Blakea storkii (Standley) Almeda, comb, nov. Basionym: Topobea storkii Standley, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 844. 1938. TYPE: Costa Rica. Cartago/San Jos6 border: La Chonta, near Santa Maria de Dota, 27 May 1928, Stork 2308 (holotype, F). Blakea woodsonii Gleason, in Woodson & Schery, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 26: 296. 1939. Syn. nov. TY PE: Panama. Chiriquf: vicinity of Casita Alta, Volo^n de Chiriquf, ea. 1SCK)—2(KK) m, 28 June-2 July 1938, Woodson et al. 95/ (holotype, NY; isotypes, MO, NY, US). Topobea grandiflora Suessenguth, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 72: 278. 1942. Syn. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Chirrip6 Grande, elev. 2000 m, 30 Apr. 1932, Kupper 1206 (holotype. M. MO photo, P photo, US photo). Free-standing tree 4—10 m tall or coarse epi¬ phytic shrub 1.5—6 m tall often overtaking crown of host tree. Upper branchlets essentially glabrous, somewhat compressed-rounded becoming rounded- quadrate with age. Vegetative buds moderately to densely covered with deciduous subulate, minutely barbellate hairs intermixed with or replaced by a scurfy paleaceous indument of scalelike exfolia¬ tions on very young leaves and petioles. Mature leaves of a pair essentially equal in size, typically glabrous on both surfaces, rarely with a very sparse scattering of subulate scurfy hairs tardily persisting on the elevated primary veins abaxially; petioles 0.9^4* cm long; blades coriaceous, 5.4—15.5 X 3.5— 10.7 cm, elliptic to obovate, apex gradually to abruptly acuminate, base acute to obtuse, margin entire, 5-nerved or 5-plinerved with the innermost pair of primaries diverging from the median vein 0.5—0.7 cm above the blade base, the transverse secondary veins spaced 1-3 mm apart at the widest portion of the blade, but these are typically not prominently elevated. Flowers erect, solitary or paired in each leaf axil of uppermost branches; pe¬ duncles 0.7-5 cm long, rounded to rounded-quad- rate, glabrous or sparingly scurfy-puberulent, often sparingly lenticellate distally. Floral bracts entire; outer bracts 0.9-1.8 X 0.9-1.8 cm, fused for 0.9— 1.5 cm to form a cupulate collar that tightly envel¬ ops the inner bracts and hypanthium, the shallow lobes broadly depressed-triangular to very broadly rounded, margin entire or with a few coarse subu¬ late hairs restricted to the apex of each lobe, ve¬ nation typically obscure or only the median vein evident on drying, glabrous but commonly lenticel¬ late basally at the confluence with the pedicel; in¬ ner bracts 1.2—1.8 cm long, connate for essentially their entire length to form a cupulate collar that envelops the hypanthium and is concealed in large part by the outer bracts. Hypanthium (at anthesis) campanulate, 1.2-1.9 cm long to the torus and 1.3— 1.8 cm diam., glabrous. Calyx tube (in post anthesis and in fruit) 6—8 mm long; free portions of calyx lobes 4—8 mm long and 5—9 mm wide basally, trun¬ cate to rounded-truncate, margin entire and some¬ what callose-thiekened, glabrous on both surfaces at maturity. Petals 6, glabrous, 2-4.2 X 1.5—2.9 cm, white, the exposed abaxial apices sometimes marked with patches of reddish pink in bud, ob¬ ovate, apic-ally rounded to somewhat obtuse, entire. Stamens 12, isomorphic; filaments 7-12 mm long, glabrous and declined to one side of the flower op¬ posing the style; anthers 4—7 mm long, 2—3 mm wide, yellow, oblong to ovate-oblong in profile view, laterally compressed with the two separated pores positioned at the apex of the truncate summit; con¬ nective thickened dorsally and prolonged dorso-ba- sally about 1.5 mm above the anther base into a blunt appendage 0.25—1 mm long. Ovary 6-celled, glabrous at the apex, which is elevated into a cone 2—3 mm long that becomes a low dome-like emi- Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Almeda Blakea in Mexico and Central America 315 nence in fruit. Style declinate, glabrous, 1.9-2.3 cin long; the stigma subtruncate to punctiform. Ma¬ ture berry red-maroon, ca. 1.5 X 1.5 cm. Seeds beige, mostly 1.5-2 mm long. Distribution and phenology. A locally common species of wet montane forests from Volcan Tur- rialba and Altos Tablazo in central Costa Rica southeast through the Cordillera de Talamanca to Cerro Horqueta and Cerro Pate Macho in western Panama at (1100—) 1500—2636 m. Flowering and fruiting specimens have been collected throughout the year. A study of the type specimens of Topobea storkii, Blakea woodsonii, and Topobea grandiflora has re¬ vealed that these three named taxa are identical in all details. They represent a single taxonomic entity characterized by inner floral bracts that are unlobed apieally and connate for their entire length, outer bracts that are also fused for nearly their entire length to form a tightly enveloping cupulate collar with shallow depressed lobes, and anther connec¬ tives that are dilated dorso-basally into a blunt ap¬ pendage up to 1 mm long. The anthers of this spe¬ cies, which are oblong to ovate-oblong, laterally compressed, blunt at the apex, and with two well- separated apical pores, dictate placement in the ge¬ nus Blakea. The necessary generic transfer is made here since the oldest available epithet for this spe¬ cies was published in Topobea. Most of the collec¬ tions of this species in herbaria have been identified as Blakea woodsonii. For comparisons with allied species such as B. grandiflora anti B. wilsoniorum , see the discussion under the latter species. Most populations of B. storkii are uniform mor¬ phologically despite their diversity in habit and com¬ paratively broad geographic and elevational distri¬ bution. Several collections from the Fortuna and Cerro Colorado regions of western Panama are rem¬ iniscent of B. storkii , but they are divergent in sev¬ eral characters. Plants from these areas have inner and outer floral bracts that are shorter than the ma¬ ture calyx lobes. The inner bracts of these collec¬ tions are fused to form an apieally truncate cupulate collar like that found in B. storkii. The outer bracts differ from typical B. storkii in being fused for half or more of their length with free portions that are ovate and apieally acute. Only one of the collections attributable to this problem complex has flowers (Croat 67774, CAS). It has anther connectives that lack the dorso-basal appendage that is invariably present in B. storkii. In view of these differences and the fact that most of the available collections are fruiting, it seems premature to suggest that it is merely a regional variant. Its taxonomic disposition must await collection and study ol more flowering material. Until then, these unusual collections have been provisionally annotated as Blakea aff. storkii to reflect their apparent affinity. Representative specimens examined. COSTA RICA. Cartago: 8 km N of Trinidad on S-faeing slope of Volcan Turrialba, 4 July 1977 (fl), Almeda el al. 2884 (CAS. CR); 1 km N of Trinidad (middle elev. slope on Volcan Turrialba), 14 Feb. 1969. Davidse & Paid 1451 (US): in pastures on slopes of Volcan Turrialba, 6.5 km up road from Trinidad, 16 Aug. 1965, Lent 723 (MO): Reserva Forestal Rio Macho, Cordillera de Talamanca, La Chonta, 10 Apr. 1994 (11). Mo¬ rales et al. 2670 (CAS, 1NB, MO); 2-3 mi. NW of Pastora, 26 June 1972 (fl), Primack A Luteyn 209 (CAS, DUKF); ca. 2 km NE of El Empalme along dirt road. 22 Feb. 1978 (ir), Utley 5811A (DUKE); 6 km below Finca Central on Volcan Turrialba, 4 July 1977 (fl). Wilbur 21919 (DUKE). Cartago/San Jose: along Interamerican Hwy., 0.8 mi. be¬ yond I .a Trinidad, Cordillera de Talamanca, 21 May 1972 (fl). Luteyn 2966 (DUKE); ca. 1 km S of El Empalme, 4 July 1976 (fl), Wilbur 19881 (DUKE); ca. 1.5 km SE of la Trinidad or 14.3 km SE of El Empalme, 12 July 1977, Wilbur et al. 22580 (DUKE). Puntarenas: Zona Proteetora I .as Tablas on trail from Biological Station above Finca 1 .as Alturas to Cerro Echandf on S flanks of Cerros Buru, 20 Feb. 1991 (fr), Almeda et al. 6756 (CAS, CR); Cordillera de Talamanca, area around Rio Canasta, 9.5 airline km NW of Agua Caliente, between Cerro Frantzius and Cerro Pittier, 6 Sep. 1984 (fl). Davidse et al. 28467 (CAS. MO). San Jose: 2—6 km S of Higuito on lower slopes of Alto Tablazo, 20 Feb. 1978 (fr), Almeda & Nakai 3749 (CAS, CR). San Jose: Canton de Perez Zeledon, P. N. Chirripd, Cuenca Tdrraba-Sierpe, sendero a Cerro Chirripo, 9°27'24"N, 83°32'47"W, 4 May 1997 (fl), Gamboa A Alfaro 1338 (INB); Cantdn de Goto Brus Las Mellizas, siguiendo linea divisoria entre CR y Pan., entre Cerro Nubes y Cerro Pando. 8°55'18"N, 82°43'30"W, 15 Aug. 1989 (fl), Herrera 3415 (INB). San Jose/Cartago border: 0.8 mi. beyond la Trin¬ idad off of the Interamerican Hwy., 21 May 1972 (fl). Luteyn 2966 (CAS, CR. DUKE); Cordillera de Talamanca, 14.3 km SSE of El Empalme, 12 July 1977 (fl). Almeda et al. 3046 (CAS, CR). San Jose: E edge of Cerro Tablazo and ca. 5 km by winding rd. W of Tablon, 16 July 1981 (fl), Wilbur et al. 31487 (DUKE). PANAMA. Boras del Toro: Cor¬ dillera de Talamanca, headwaters of the Rio Culubre, 6 airline km NW of the peak of Cerro Echandf, 2—3 Mar. 1984 (fr), Davidse et al. 25256 (CAS, MO); trail from near Boquete to Cerro Pate Macho, forest slopes along divide and below, 7 Feb. 1986 (fl). McPherson & Merello 8308 (CAS, MO). Chiriqiu: lfrnite del Parque lntemacional I a Amistad, frente a la Poblacidn de Guadalupe, 21 Mar. 1990 (fr), Aranda et al. 1213 (CAS, PM A); vicinity of Volcan Baru, near shore at I .ago del Volcdn, 9 June 1986 (fl), Mc¬ Pherson 9463 (CAS, MO); 6 mi. above Cerro Punta on the Boquete trail, 1 Mar. 74 (fr). Tyson 7085 (DUKE); slopes approaching Cerro Horqueta about 6.6 km NNE of Boquete, 5 Jan. 1975 (fl & fr), Wilbur A Luteyn 19312 (CAS. DUKE). 29. Blakea subconnata Berg ex Triana var. ob- tusa Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72: 388. 1945. TYPE: Colombia. Valle: W slope of the Cordillera Occidental, 1400 in, Cuatrecasas 15644 (holotype, NY). 316 Novon Distribution and phenology. In the area under study known only from north-central Panama (Corn- area de San Bias) in rainforests at 30-200 m rang¬ ing south to Colombia. Collected in flower from Oc¬ tober through December, in immature fruit in December. The floral brae ts on the four known Panamanian collections of this variety are smaller than typical material from Colombia, hut they are otherwise identical in their complete glabrosity, quadrate upper branchlets with carinate angles, basally vaginate petioles, and laterally connate anther thecae. The taxonomic status of this variety will need reassessment as more collections come to light. 30. Blakea tapantiana Umana & Almeda, Novon 5: 1. 1995. TYPE: Costa Rica. Cartago: Parque Nacional Tapantf, Sendero Oropendo- la, 1200 m, 3 Sep. 1992, Umana et al. 497 (holotype, CR; isotypes, CAS, COL, F, k, MEXU, MO, US, USJ, WIS). Distribution and phenology. Endemic to Costa Rica where it is largely restricted to cloud forests of Tapantf National Park and adjacent areas at 1150-1450 m. Collected in flower from August through September, in fruit from March through April. This little-collected species is distinguished by its short floral peduncles (0.6—1 cm), completely white narrowly obovate petals, and interpetiolar tufts of coarse hairs on uppermost branchlet nodes that fall away with age to leave a distinct interpe¬ tiolar line or ridge. 31. Blakea tuberculata Donnell Smith, Bot. Gaz. 31: 111. 1901. TYPE: Costa Rica. San Jos6: La Palma, 1550 m, 15 Aug. 1898, Ton- duz 7363 (holotype, US; isotypes, CR, F, K, NY). Distribution and phenology. Locally common in cloud forests at 700-1750 m in Costa Rica and Panama. Flowering and fruiting all year. For notes on the relationships and variation of this species, see the discussion following B. caly- cosa. 32. Blakea wilburiana Almeda, Brittonia 26: 394. 1974. TYPE: Panama. Code: near La Mesa about 5 mi. N of El Valle, 22 May 1970, Wilbur & Luteyn 11734 (holotype, DUKE; iso¬ types, CAS, CR, DS, F, G, GH, K, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, PMA, TEX, UC, US). Distribution and phenology. Local and uncom¬ mon in cloud forests from the El Cop6 (Cocl6) re¬ gion of central Panama east to Nusagandi (Comarca de San Bias) with one known outlying population in Chiriquf Province at 250-1000 m. Collected in flower sporadically throughout the year, in fruit dur¬ ing February, April, July, and October. 33. Blakea wilsoniorum Almeda, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Puntarenas: along main San Vito-Ciudad Neily road, ca. 0.8 km S of turnoff to Valle Azul, 8°46'N, 82°57'W, elev. ca. 1130 m, 13 Sep. 1985, M. Grayum et al. 6023 (holotype, CAS; isotypes, CR, MO, US). Figure 4. Frutex epiphyticus vel arbor ad 5-8 m alta. Petioli I- 1.8 cm longi; lamina 10.5-19.5 X 5.3-9 cm, elliptica vel elliptico-obovata apice acuminata basi acuta, 5-plinervata ad maturitatem coriacea et glabra, nervis secundariis 2-4 mm inter se distantibus. Flores 6-meri in quoque nodo superiore 1-2, peduncularis 1-1.8 cm longis; bracteae ex- teriores 2-2.6 X 2.2-2.7 cm ovatae vel suborbiculares ca. 1.3—1.7 cm coalitae apice rotundato; bracteae interiores 1.5-1.9 cm omnino coalitae. Hypanthium (ad torum) 1.2- 1.5 cm longum; calycis tubus 4-5 mm longus, lobis 3-4 X 7-10 mm rotundatis usque truncatis. Petala 2-3 X 2- 3 cm obovata apice rotundato vel truncato. Antherae 6 X 3 mm oblongae inter se lateraliter non cohaerentes apice minute biporosae; conneetivum ad basim dorsaliter nec prolongatum nec appendieulatum. Ovarium 6-loculare, cono 2-2.5 mm alto glabro (collo non evoluto). Free-standing tree 5-8 m tall or epiphytic shrub 2^1 m tall. Upper branchlets glabrous, distinctly quadrate to sulcate becoming rounded-quadrate with age. Vegetative buds and very young pedun¬ cles moderately to densely covered with a decidu¬ ous indument of subulate, barbellate or dendritic hairs that vary toward and are intermixed with scurfy paleaceous hairs that have irregular lacerate margins. Mature leaves of a pair essentially equal in size, glabrous on both surfaces; petioles 1-1.8 cm long; blades coriaceous, 10.5-19.5 X 5.3-9 cm, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, apex acuminate, base acute, margin entire, 5-plinerved with the inner¬ most pair of primaries diverging from the median vein 0.6-1.2 cm above the blade base, the trans¬ verse secondary veins spaced 2^1 mm apart at the widest portion of the blade but these are not prom¬ inently elevated. Flowers erect, solitary or paired in each leaf axil of uppermost branches; peduncles 1-1.8 cm long, somewhat compressed and 2-edged, glabrous but lenticellate distally. Floral bracts ses¬ sile, entire; outer bracts 2-2.6 X 2.2-2. 7 cm, fused basally for 1.3-1.7 cm to form a collar that tightly envelops the inner bracts anti hypanthium, the two lobes broadly ovate, to semicircular, sometimes varying to broadly deltoid, apex obtuse to broadly Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Almeda Blakea in Mexico and Central America 317 Figure 4. Blakea wilsoniorum Almeda. —A. Habit. —B. Representative leaf (abaxial surface). —C. Flower with petals, androecium, and style removed. —D. Petal (adaxial surface). — E. Stamens, 3/4 view (left), ventral view (middle), lateral view (right). —F. Hypanthium (top view) showing ovary summit, torus and calyx lobes. (A from Almeda el al. 4292 and Grayum el al. 6023: B from Croat 26546 ; C & E from Almeda et al. 4292 ; D & E from Grayum el al. 6023.) 318 Novon rounded, margin entire but undulate-involute, only the median vein typically evident on drying, gla¬ brous or moderately to sparingly covered with an indument like that of vegetative buds, lenticellate basally at the confluence with the pedicel; inner bracts 1.5-1.9 cm long, connate for their entire length to form an apieally flaring collar that tightly envelops the hypanthium but is typically concealed in large part by the outer bracts. Hypanthium (at anthesis and in young fruit) campanulate to cupu- late, 1.2—1.5 cm long to the torus and 1—1.7 cm diam., glabrous. Calyx tube 4-5 mm long; free por¬ tions of calyx lobes 3—4 mm long and 7-10 mm wide basally, rounded-truncate, margin essentially entire and callose-thickened, glabrous on both sur¬ faces. Petals 6, glabrous, 2—3 X 2—3 cm, reportedly pink or white flushed with red, obovate, apieally rounded (sometimes obliquely so), truncate or re¬ fuse, entire. Stamens 12, isomorphic; filaments 8— 8.5 mm long, complanate, glabrous and declined to one side of the flower opposing the style; anthers 6 mm long, 3 mm wide, free, yellow, oblong, laterally compressed with two well-separated pores posi¬ tioned on the ventral side of the truncate apex; con¬ nective dilated dorso-medially into an elongate thickening. Ovary 6-celled, glabrous at the apex, which is elevated into a prominent cone 2-2.5 mm long on immature fruits but lacking a collar. Style somewhat declinate, glabrous, 1.9-2.2 cm long; the stigma subtruncate. Immature berry 1.3 X 1.5 cm. Seeds beige, mostly 1.5 mm long. Distribution and phenology. A locally common species of wet forests known only from southeastern Costa Rica in a region extending from Helechales to Ciudad Neily west to the Las Lagunas area in adjacent Panama at 960-1400 m. Collected in flow¬ er in July and August, in fruit from August into March. In general appearance B. wilsoniorum resembles B. grandiflora and B. storkii, both of which can also be free-standing trees or coarse epiphytic shrubs. All three of these species also have relatively large flowers with yellow anthers and white petals that are flushed with reddish pink apieally and along the margins on the abaxial surface. Blakea wilson- iorum is readily distinguished from both of these species by its unappendaged anther connectives, consistently short floral peduncles (1-1.8 cm), and outer floral bracts that are fused for 1.3-1.7 cm basally but free apieally with two flaring lobes that are broadly ovate to semicircular, obtuse to broadly rounded apieally, and undulate-involute at the mar¬ gins. In details of its inner floral bracts, B. ivilson- iorum is most like B. storkii. In both species the inner bracts are fused for essentially their entire length to form an unlobed cupulate collar that closely envelops the hypanthium. In B. storkii, the outer floral bracts are somewhat shorter than the inner bracts such that the entire truncate apices of the fused inner bracts are always visible on flow¬ ering and fruiting hypanthia. In B. tvilsoniorum, the outer floral bracts exceed and typically conceal the inner bracts. Blakea wilsoniorum and B. storkii have overlap¬ ping geographic ranges, but the latter typically oc¬ curs at higher elevations (1500-2500 m), which ac¬ counts for the fact that they have never been found growing together. The allopatric B. grandiflora, with a more northern distribution centered in Costa Rica’s Cordillera Central and northern Cordillera de Talamanca, also occurs at higher elevations (1500-2500 m) than B. tvilsoniorum. This species is named for the late Robert and Catherine Wilson, founders of the Robert and Cath¬ erine Wilson Botanical Garden, a part of the Las Cruces Biological Field Station of the Organization for Tropical Studies in southern Costa Rica. When the Wilsons went to Costa Rica in 1961 they had a vision of creating a unique mid-elevation tropical garden along a ridge of the Fila Zapote just south of the town of San Vito de Java. In creating this garden and preserving a rainforest reserve of 361.5 acres they established a haven for the survival of this species and a setting in which countless re¬ searchers, students, and the lay public from both Costa Rica and abroad have been inspired and ed¬ ucated about tropical biology. Paratypes. COSTA RICA. Punlarenas: vicinity of Las Cruces Tropical Botanical Garden (now Wilson Bo¬ tanical Garden) about 6.4 km S of San Vito de Java, 18 Mar. 1978 (fr), Almeda et al. 4292 (CAS, CR); valley of the Rfo Negro between I .a Uni6n and Cortu, 8 Aug. 1974 (fl), Croat 26546 (CAS); forest and edges on and around W ilsons’ finca, 6 km S of San Vito de Java, 16 Aug. 1967 (fr). Raven 21807 (CR. DUKE. MO); Helechales, 14 Feb. 1966 (fr), Schnell 460 (US); vicinity of Finca Las Cruces, San Vito de Java, 22-25 Aug. 1968 (H), Schnell 1061 (CR, US); Finca Las Cruces, San Vito de Java. 20 Aug. 1969 (fl), Schnell 1071 (CR); Finca Las Cruces, S of San Vito, 28 July 1977 (fl), Webster et al. 22096 (CAS, CR, DAV). PANAMA. Chiriquf: I,as Lagunas area W' of El Hato del Volcdn, 8°47'N, 82°40'W, 23 Aug. 1982 (fl), Hamilton et al. 935 (CAS). Acknowledgments. Fieldwork for this study was supported, in part, by U.S. National Science Foun¬ dation Grants DEB 76-83040, DEB 78-25620, BSR 8614880 (Flora Mesoamericana), and the G. Lindsay Field Research Fund and Nathan Jay and Virginia Friedman Fund of the California Academy of Sciences. For logistical support during field stud- Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Almeda Blakea in Mexico and Central America 319 ies in Costa Rica and Panama over many years, I thank the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, the Mis¬ souri Botanical Garden, the Organization for Trop¬ ical Studies, the Instituto Nacional de Biodiversi- dad, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and the Universidad de Panama. I am also grateful to Jenny Speckels for preparing the line drawings and the curators and staffs of the following herbaria for loans, gifts of specimens, and assistance during study visits: BM, BR. C, CAS, CR, DAV, DS, DUKE, F, G, INB, K, M, MA, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, P, PMA, UC, US, USJ, WIS. Literature Cited Almeda, F. 1989. Five new berry-fruited species of trop¬ ical American Melastomataceae. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sei. 46: 137-150. -. 1990. New species and new combinations in Blakea and Topobea (Melastomataceae), with an histor¬ ical perspective on generic limits in the tribe Blakeeae. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 46: 299-326. Cogniaux, A. 1891. Melastomacees. In A. & C. De Can¬ dolle (editors), Monographiae phanerogamarum 7: 1 — 1256. G. Masson, Paris. Gleason. H. A. 1958. Melastomataceae. In R. E. Woodson. Jr. & R. W. Schery (editors). Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: 203—304. burner, C. 1981. Rodent pollination of Blakea (Melasto¬ mataceae) in a Costa Rican cloud forest. Rrittonia 32: 512-517. -& R. D. Schoer. 1986. Pollination of Blakea aus- tin-smithii and B. penduliflora (Melastomataceae) by small rodents in Costa Rica. Biotropica 18: 363-364. Maxwell, J. F. 1978. A revision of Medinilla, Pachycen- tria, and Pogonanthera (Melastomataceae) from the Ma¬ lay Peninsula. Gard. Bull. (Singapore) 31: 139—216. Proctor, M.. P. Yeo & A. Lack. 1996. The Natural History of Pollination. Timber Press. Portland, Oregon. Schnell, C. E. 1996. The Genus Conostegia (Melastoma¬ taceae). Ph.D. Dissertation, Harvard University, Cam¬ bridge. Massachusetts. Standley, P. C. 1924. Melastomaceae. In Trees and shrubs of Mexico. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1046-1074. -. 1938. Melastomaceae. In Elora of Costa Rica. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 783-845. - & L. O. Williams. 1963. Melastomaceae. In Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana, Bot. 24: 407-525. Winkler, S. 1965. Die Melastomataceae von El Salvador C. A. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 83: 331—369. Wurdack, J. J. 1973. Melastomataceae. In T. Lasser (edi¬ tor) Flora de Venezuela 8: 1-819. Baimashania (Brassicaceae), a New Genus from China Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. The new genus Baimashania and the new species B. pulvinata and B. wangii are de¬ scribed. The relationships and characters distin¬ guishing Baimashania from Solmslaubachia, Leios- pora, and Pycnoplinthus are discussed. During a recent revision of Solmslaubachia Mus- chler for the forthcoming account of the Brassica¬ ceae for the Flora of China, Al-Shehbaz and Yang (2000) excluded three collections previously mis- identified as S. ciliaris (Bureau & Franchet) Bot- schantsev from the genus for subsequent studies. These three collections are placed herein in the new genus Baimashania. Except for the smaller flower size, the type specimen of S. ciliaris is in¬ distinguishable in all other morphological aspects from that of the earlier published S. pulcherrima Muschler, a species highly variable in petal length and color. In fact, the type of S. ciliaris has petals ca. 1.5 cm long, while S. pulcherrima has petals (1.5-) 1.7-2(-2.5) cm long. Therefore, the two are considered to be conspecific. The recognition of Solmslaubachia ciliaris in var¬ ious works (e.g., Lan & Cheo, 1981; Kuan, 1985; Lan, 1987; Wang, 1993; Ying et al., 1993; Li et al., 1995; Huang, 1997; Tan et al., 1999) basically fol¬ lowed Botschantsev (1955), who did not examine the type material of the species and erroneously interpreted its limits. In fact, illustrations and de¬ scriptions of S. ciliaris in these works are based on species of different genera. For example, the ac¬ counts in Kuan (1985), Wang (1993), and Ying et al. (1993) were based on one collection, Qinghai- Xizang Team 73—399 (KUN, PE), which is a mis- identified young plant of Leiospora pamirica (Bot¬ schantsev & Vvedensky) Botschantsev & Pachomova. By contrast, the descriptions and illus¬ trations in Lan and Cheo (1981), Lan (1987), Li et al. (1995), and Tan et al. (1999) are based on a new species in a new genus herein described as Bai¬ mashania pulvinata, whereas the account in Huang (1997) is based on the new species B. wangii. Baimashania is named after Baima Shan (some¬ times spelled Beima Shan, Beimashan, or Paimas- han), a mountain in northwestern Yunnan from which four of the five known collections of the ge¬ nus are known. It differs from all nine species of Novon 10: 320-322. 2000. Solmslaubachia (China, Sikkim) and six species of Leiospora (C. A. Meyer) Dvofdk (China, Himalayas, and central Asia) in having median nectar glands confluent with the laterals, distinct and slender styles, flowers only to 4 mm long, fruit septa with a distinct midvein, obscurely veined, flat-margined fruit valves that are readily detached from replum at the fruit apex, replums readily distinguished from the valve margins, and narrow fruits (1-1.3 mm wide) persistent on the pedicel apex. By con¬ trast, Solmslaubachia and Leiospora lack the me¬ dian nectar glands and styles, and have much larg¬ er flowers 10-26 mm long, veinless fruit septa, prominently veined, marginally strongly angled fruit valves apically adnate to the replum, replums concealed by the valve margins, and broad fruits, (3-)5—15(-20) mm wide, readily detached from the pedicel apex. Furthermore, Baimashania also dif¬ fers from Solmslaubachia by having forked tri- chomes mixed with simple ones and minutely re¬ ticulate seeds, while Solmslaubachia is glabrous or has only simple trichomes and has papillate, ru¬ gose, or coarsely reticulate seeds. It also differs from Leiospora by having entire stigmas, 6- to 12- ovuled ovaries, nonsaccate lateral sepals, and wing¬ less seeds. Leiospora has prominently 2-lobed stig¬ mas, 18- to 50-ovuled ovaries, saccate lateral sepals, and often winged seeds. The first collection of Baimashania, Forrest 19605 (see below), in July 1921 was misidentified by Edgar Evans as “Braya sp. aff. forrestii W. W. Smith.” Baimashania pulvinata differs from Bray a forrestii in having flattened, linear fruits, accumbent cotyledons, forked and simple trichomes, a conflu¬ ent nectar ring, and much smaller, solitary flowers. By contrast, Braya forrestii has terete, ovoid fruits, incumbent cotyledons, exclusively simple tri¬ chomes, four separate nectar glands, and larger flowers in distinct racemes. In my opinion, Bai¬ mashania and Braya Sternberg & Hoppe are not related. Perhaps Baimashania is most similar to Pycm>- plinthus 0. E. Schulz (one species; China, India, Kashmir, Pakistan), with which it shares the peren¬ nial, pulvinate, scapose habit, solitary pink flowers, persistent entire leaves, thickened petioles, obtuse Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Al-Shehbaz Baimashania from China 321 anthers, 6- to 12-ovuled ovaries, linear flattened fruits, entire stigmas, and uniseriate wingless seeds. However, it differs by having branched tri- chomes, free sepals, distinct median glands conflu¬ ent with the laterals, obscurely veined valves, and accumbent cotyledons. Pycnoplinthus consists of glabrous plants with united sepals, no median nec¬ tar glands, prominently veined valves, and incum¬ bent cotyledons. Baimashania Al-Shehbaz, gen. nov. TYPE: Bai¬ mashania pulvinata Al-Shehbaz. Herba perennis scaposa pulvinata, caudice ramoso. Fo¬ lia basalia rosulata, integra. persistentia, pilis simplicibus et furcatis, petiolis crassis complanatis, ciliatis. Racemi 2- vel 3-flori vel flores solitarii. Sepala oblonga nonsac- eata. Petala rosea, spathulata, obtusa. Clandulae nectari- ferae confluentes. Ovula 6—12. Fmctus lineares valde compressi glabri: valvis longitudinaliter striatis nontom- losis; stylo tenui ad 1 mm longo; stigmata integra. Semina uniseriata. oblonga; cotyledones accumbentes. Herbs perennial, scapose, pulvinate, with a well- developed, few- to many-branched caudex covered by leaves or leaf remains of previous years. Tri- chomes simple mixed with stalked, 1-forked ones, restricted to leaves. Stems absent. Basal leaves pet- iolate, rosulate, simple, entire, persistent, with stra¬ mineous, thick, basally flattened, ciliate petioles. Cauline leaves absent. Racemes 2- or 3-flowered and ebracteate, or flowers solitary on short pedicels originating from axils of rosette leaves. Fruiting pedicels slender, erect to ascending, often hidden among basal leaves. Sepals oblong, deciduous, erect, equal, base of inner pair not saccate, margin membranous. Petals pink; blade spatulate, apex ob¬ tuse; claw slightly differentiated from blade, sube¬ qualing sepals. Stamens 6, slightly tetradynamous; filaments not dilated at base; anthers oblong, not apiculate at apex. Nectar glands confluent and sub¬ tending bases of all stamens; median nectaries pre¬ sent. Ovules 6 to 12 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent, capsular siliques, linear, strongly latiseptate, ses¬ sile; valves with an obscure midvein, glabrous, not torulose, longitudinally striate; replum rounded, visible; septum complete, membranous, with a dis¬ tinct midvein; style slender, to 1 mm long; stigma capitate, entire. Seeds uniseriate, wingless, oblong; seed coat minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. Two species: endemic to China (Yunnan and Qinghai provinces). Key to the Species he Baimashania la. Leaves ovate to oblong, densely pilose through¬ out; flowers solitary; ovules 6 to 8 per ovary; Yunnan. 1. B. pulvinata lb. Leaves linear, glabrous except for ciliate petiole margins and a tuft at leaf apex; flowers mostly in 2- or 3-flowered racemes; ovules 10 to 12 per ovary; Qinghai.2. B. wangii 1. Baimashania pulvinata Al-Shehbaz, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Deqen, Baima Shan, N side of road, limestone rock crevices, 28°23'N, 99°01'E, 4350 m, 30 June 1994, Alpine Gar¬ den Society Expedition to China ACE 829 (ho- lotype, K; isotype, MO). Herba pulvinata 0.5-2 cm alta, caudice multiramoso. Folia basalia ovata vel oblonga, 2—4 X 1—2 mm, subcar- nosa, omnino dense pilosa. Flores solitarii. Pedicelli fruc- tiferi 3-5 mm longi. Sepala oblonga 1.5-2.5 X ca. 1 mm. Petala rosea, 3—4 X 1 — 1.5 mm; ungues 1.5—2 mm longi. Ovula 6-8. Fructus lineares, 4—8 X 1 — 1.3 mm: stylo 0.4— 1 mm longo. Semina 1—1.5 X 0.6-0.9 mm. Herbs pulvinate, 0.5-2 cm tall; caudex many branched, to 3 mm diam. Trichomes simple, to 1 mm long, mixed with fewer forked stalked ones, restricted to leaves. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 2— 5 mm long, expanded at base and 0.5—1 mm wide, ciliate, persistent; leal blade ovate to oblong, 2^4 X 1—2 mm, somewhat fleshy, densely pilose throughout, base subattenuate, margin entire, apex obtuse. Flowers solitary. Fruiting pedicel slender, 3— 5 mm long, ascending, glabrous. Sepals oblong, 1.5-2.5 X ca. 1 mm. Petals pink, spatulate, 3^4 X 1-1.5 mm; claw 1.5—2 mm long. Filaments 2-2.5 mm long; anthers 0.3—0.5 mm long. Ovules 6 to 8 per ovary. Fruit linear, 4—8 X 1—1.3 mm; valves longitudinally striate, without a distinct midvein; style 0.4-1 mm long. Seeds 1—1.5 X 0.6-0.9 mm. Flowering June—July, fruiting July—August. Habitat. Moist gravelly meadows, limestone rock crevices; 4200-4600 m. Yunnan. Baimashania pulvinata was illustrated in Lan (1987) as Solmslaubachia ciliaris. The illustration accurately shows the habit of the plant, leaf shape and trichomes, and mature fruit, and, therefore, should be consulted for reference. The holotype was misidentified as Braya cf. forrestii, though nothing was mentioned about it in the detailed ac¬ count of the expedition that led to its discovery (Grey-Wilson, 1996). Paratypes. CHINA. Yunnan: Baima Shan, 28°18'N, 99°10'K, G. Forrest 19605 (E, K, US); Atuntze, Baima Shan, Shulung, T. T. Yii 9324 (KUN, PE); Deqen, Baima Shan, Qing-Zang Team 2779 (KUN); Deqin Xian, Baima Shan, mts. N of W pass, 28°23’N. W O I 'E. Alden. Alex¬ ander, Long, McBeath, Sol tie & Watson 765 (E). 322 Novon 2. Buimashaiiia wangii Al-Shehbaz, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Qinghai: Nangqen Xian, Xia- oqu, S bend, under rocks, 13 June 1982, 4100 rn, Wang Weiyi 0011 (holotype, HNWP; frag¬ ment, MO). Hed>a pulvinata 1—1.5 cm aha, caudice pauciramoso. Folia linearia, 4—15 X 0.5—1.5 mm, subcamosa, praeter apicem pilosam glabra, petiolibus ciliatis. Racemi fructi- feri 2- vel 3-fructi vel fructus solitarii. Pedicelli fructiferi 3—5 mm longi. Flores ignoti. Ovula 10-12. Fructus line- ares, 0.7—1.3 cm X ca. 1 mm; stylo 0.4—0.7 mm longo. Semina ignota. Herbs pulvinate, 1—1.5 cm tall; caudex few branched, to 6 mm diam. Trichomes simple, to 1 mm long, restricted to petiole margins and leal api¬ ces, these mixed at leaf apex with fewer forked stalked ones. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 2—5 mm long, expanded at base and 0.5—1.5 mm wide, cil- iate; leaf blade linear, 4—15 X 0.5-1.5 mm, some¬ what fleshy, base attenuate, margin entire, apex with a tuft of hairs, obtuse. Fruiting racemes with 2 or 3 fruits, sometimes fruits solitary. Fruiting ped¬ icel slender, 3—5 mm long, ascending, glabrous. Flowers not seen. Ovules 10 to 12 per ovary. Fruit linear, 0.7—1.3 cm X ca. 1 mm; valves not torulose; style 0.4—0.7 mm long. Mature seeds not seen. Fruiting June. Baimashania wangii, which is named after the collector of the holotype, is known thus far only from the type collection. The type was annotated in 1995 by Huang Rong-fu as Solmslaubachia ciliaris, and it is very likely that the record of S. ciliaris from Qinghai (Huang, 1997) was erroneously based on the holotype of B. wangii. Acknowledgments. I am indebted to Henk van der Werff for correcting the Latin. I thank Sue Zmarzty for her permission to deposit at MO an isotype of Baimashania pulvinata. I also thank the directors and curators of the herbaria cited, as well as Zhu Guanghua, He Si, and Song Hong for their help in the translation of labels from Chinese. Literature Cited Al-Shehbaz, I. A. & G. Yang. 2000. A revision of Solms¬ laubachia (Brassicaceae). Harvard Pap. Bot. (in press). Botschantsev, V. 1955. De Cruciferis notae criticae. Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 160-178. Grey-Wilson, C. 1996. The Alpine Garden Society Expe¬ dition to China. Quart. Bull. Alpine Card. Soc. 64: 122- 164. Huang, R. F. 1997. Cruciferae. In: S. W. Liu (editor), FI. Qinghai. 1: 410-505. Qinghai People’s Publishing House, Xining. Kuan, K. C. 1985. Solmslaubachia. In: C. Y. Wu (editor), FI. Xizang. 2: 381-384. Science Press, Beijing. Lan, \. Z. 1987. Solmslaubachia. In: T. Y. Cheo (editor), FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 33: 326—339. Science Press, Beijing. - & T. Y. Cheo. 1981. On the Chinese genus Solms¬ laubachia Muschler (Cruciferae). Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 472-480. Li, X. W. et al. 1995. Cruciferae. In: C. Y. Wu, C. Chen & S. K. Chen (editors), FI. Yunnan. 6: 1 — 121. Science Press, Beijing. Tan, Z. M., Z. Q. Zhang, Y. Zhao & S. I). Zhou. 1999. Cruciferae. In: Z. M. Tan (editor), FI. Sichuan. 14: I - 181. Sichuan Nationality Press, Chengdu. Wang, W. T. 1993. Cruciferae. In: W. T. Wang et al. (ed¬ itors), Vascular Plants of the Hengduan Mountains. 1: 618—652. Science Press, Beijing. Ying, T. S„ Y. L. Zhang & D. E. Boufford. 1993. The Endemic Genera of Seed Plants of China. Science Press, Beijing. New or Noteworthy Species of Cardamine (Brassicaceae) from China Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Cardamine changbaiana, C. fargesi- ana, and C. lihengiana are described as new, and their relationships and distinguishing characters are discussed. The new combination C. purpuras- cens is proposed, and a detailed description and specimen citation of this poorly understood species of Cardamine are provided. During revision of the Brassicaceae for the forth¬ coming volume 8 of the Flora of China , it became necessary to provide formal description of the fol¬ lowing novelties to make the names available for this volume. Cardamine changbaiana Al-Shehbaz, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Jilin: Changbai Shan, Tianchi, rocky slopes, 2600 m, 1 Aug. 1957, Qian Jiaju 580 (holotype, PE). Herba perennis scaposa, glabra, rhizomata, 2—8 cm alta. Folia basalia rosulata, ovata, subcordata, vel oblonga, simplicia vel triloba, 2-10 X 1.5—8 rnm; petiolis nonaur- iculatis. 0.3—3.5 cm longis. Folia caulina nulla vel unum. Pedicelli fructiferi 2—7 mm longi, erecti. Sepala oblonga, 1.3—1.7 X 0.6—0.8 mm. Petala alba, obovata, 3—3.5 X 1.5—1.8 mm. Fructus lineares, 1-2 cm X 1.3—2 mm; stylo 0.5—2 mm longo. Semina oblonga vel oblongo-ovata, 1.2— 1.5 X 0.8—1.1 mm. Perennial herbs 2—8 cm tall, scapose, glabrous throughout. Rhizome slender, 0.4—0.7 mm diam. Stems erect, leafless, or rarely 1-leaved. Basal leaves rosulate, fleshy; petiole 0.3—3.5 cm long; leaf blade simple or rarely 3-lobed, broadly ovate, sub- cordate, or oblong, 2—10 X 1.5—8 mm, cordate to obtuse, margins entire or repand, apex rounded to obtuse. Cauline leaves absent, rarely 1 and petio- late, similar but narrower than basal leaves, petiole base not auriculate. Racemes terminal, 2- to 5(to 7)-flowered, ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels erect to subascending, 2—7 mm long, straight. Sepals ob¬ long, 1.3—1.7 X 0.6—0.8 mm. Petals white, obovate, 3-3.5 X 1.5—1.8 mm, base tapering into claw 0.4— 1 mm long, apex rounded to subemarginate. Fila¬ ments 1.4—2 mm long; anthers oblong, 0.6—0.8 mm long. Ovules 8 to 12 per ovary. Fruit linear, 1-2 cm X 1.3—2 mm; gynophore 0.3—1 mm long; valves smooth, glabrous; style 0.5—2 mm long. Seeds brown, oblong to oblong-ovate, 1.2—1.5 X 0.8—1.1 mm, neither winged nor margined. Phenology. Flowering and fruiting in July and August. Habitat. Rocky slopes on wet soil; elevation 2500-2600 m. Distribution. China (Jilin Province). On the basis of Nakai’s (1914) original descrip¬ tion of Cardamine resedifolia L. var. morii Nakai, it appears that the variety is the same as C. chang¬ baiana, sharing similar plant size, fruit length, and long-petiolate leaves. For reasons discussed below, however, I prefer to describe the taxon as a new species instead of proposing a new combination without examining the two syntypes of that variety. Nakai (1914) indicated that the petals of variety morii are 5 nun long and the leaves are lyrate, but in the three specimens of C. changbaiana available for my study, the petals are 3—3.5 mm long and the leaves are simple. Cardamine changbaiana is clearly very different from the European C. resedifolia in a number of fea¬ tures. The former has petals 3—3.5 mm long, wing¬ less seeds, oblong anthers 0.6-0.8 mm long, leafless or 1-leaved stems, nonauriculate petiolar bases, smooth fruit valves, 8 to 12 ovules per ovary, and undivided cauline leaves. By contrast, C. resedifolia has petals 5—6 mm long, broadly winged seeds (wing ca. 0.5 mm diam.), ovate anthers 0.2-0.4 mm long, leafy stems, strongly auriculate to amplexicaul pet¬ iolar bases, torulose valves, 20 to 30 ovules per ova¬ ry, and pinnatisect to deeply ternate cauline leaves (Akeroyd, 1993; Schultze-Motel, 1986). Further¬ more, the type locality of C. changbaiana is sepa¬ rated by about 10,000 air miles from the nearest site of C. resedijolia in Rumania (Jalas & Suominen, 1994), and I prefer not to recognize the two as va¬ rieties of a single species. Cardamine changbaiana and C. resedifolia are well illustrated in Cheo (1987) and Schultze-Motel (1986), respectively. The nearest relative of Cardamine changbaiana is C. nipponica Franchet & Savatier (Japan, Tai¬ wan). The former has leafless or rarely 1-leaved stems, simple or rarely 3-lobed basal leaves, non¬ auriculate petioles, obovate petals 3—3.5 mm, and Novon 10: 323-328. 2000. 324 Novon marginless seeds. By contrast, C. nipponica has 2- or 3-leaved stems, (3)- or 5- or 7-foliolate basal leaves, cauline leaves with aurieulate to amplexi- caul petiolar bases, spatulate petals 5-6 mm, and apically margined seeds. Paratypes. CHINA. Jilin: Anlii County, NNE slope of volcano Chang Bai Shan, 25(X) m, 23 July 1986. Hong Deyan, W. //. Sauer, S. Gerbert & Yang Ye 32829 (PE); Chang Bai Shan, between Nidoli and Tianchi, 25(X) m, 22 July 1950, M. Noda 451 (EE). Gurdumine purpurascens (0. E. Schulz) Al- Shehbaz, T. Y. Cheo, L. L. Lou & G. Yang, comb. nov. Basionym: Cardamine microzyga 0. E. Schulz var. purpurascens 0. E. Schulz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 225. 1931. TYPE: China. SW Sichuan: Kulu moun¬ tains, E of Muli Gomba, 4300 m, June 1928, J. F. Rock 16487 (lectotype, here designated, B; isolectotypes, E, MO, US). Perennial herbs (8-)10-25(-30) cm tall, pilose; rhizomes stout, 0.5—1.5 cm long, often with several stolons. Stems erect, simple, pilose. Basal leaves rosulate, 5-10 cm long; petiole 1-3.5 cm long, cil- iate; terminal leaflet subreniform to orbicular, 4—8 X 4—10 mm, petiolule 1-3 mm long, base rounded to cordate, margin entire to obscurely and obtusely 3—5-lobed; lateral leaflets 3 to 7 pairs, obovate to suborbicular, symmetric or not, slightly smaller than terminal lobe, entire or obscurely toothed, apex rounded. Cauline leaves 2 to 10, 1-5 cm long; petiole (2-)4—10(—15) mm long, ciliate, not aurie¬ ulate at base; terminal leaflet linear, oblong, or lan¬ ceolate, 3—9 X 0.5—2 mm, sessile or petiolule to 1.5 mm long; lateral leaflets 4 to 7 pairs, narrowly oblong to oblong-ovate, subequaling terminal leaf¬ let, symmetric or not, pilose, base oblique or cu- neate, proximal margin entire or 1-toothed, distal margin entire, apex acute. Bacemes terminal, many-flowered. Flowering pedicel ascending to di¬ varicate-ascending, 1-3 cm long, slender, pilose, not appressed to rachis. Sepals oblong to ovate, 3- 4 X 1.5—2 mm, pilose, margin membranous, base of lateral pair saccate. Petals magenta-red, purple, or lavender, broadly obovate, 7-11 X 3-6 mm, cu- neate into clawlike base to 2 mm long, apex round¬ ed. Median filament pairs 4-5 mm long, flattened below anther; lateral pair 2.5-3.5 mm long; anthers narrowly oblong, 0.9-1.2 mm long. Ovules 10 to 14 per locule. Fruit and seeds not seen. Phenology. Flowering May through July. Habitat. River banks, wood margins, marshy places, swampy meadows. Rhododendron scrub; el¬ evation 3500-4400 m. Distribution. Endemic to China (SW Sichuan and adjacent Yunnan). Specimens examined. CHINA. Sichuan: Litang-Ya- lung divide, Kingdon Ward 4377 (E); Midi or Mili King¬ dom, Rock 6462 (GH. P, US, W); mountains between Li- tang and Yalung rivers, between Muli Gomba and Baurong and Wa-Erh-I)je, Rock 16655 (E, US, W); between Bau¬ rong and Kulu, W of Yalung River, Rock 17842 (GH. P, US); Muli, Ha-lu, Yit 6990 (A, PE). Yunnan: Zhongdian, road to Haba Shan. 27°44'05"N, 99°58'09"E, ACE 224 (K). Although Schulz (1931) cited four syntypes of Cardamine microzyga var. purpurascens, the taxon was not lectotypified by Lan and Cheo (1981) when it was raised to specific rank under Loxostemon J. D. Hooker & Thomson. The flattened median sta- minal filaments were used by Lan and Cheo as the basis for inclusion of the species in Loxostemon, but as indicated by Al-Shehbaz and Yang (1998), this genus is artificially separated from Cardamine sole¬ ly on the basis of that staminal character. Cardamine purpurascens is most closely related to C. microzyga from which it is readily distin¬ guished by having much thickened, stoloniferous, short (0.5-1.5 cm) rhizomes, divaricate-ascending to ascending pedicels not appressed to the rachis, and often entire lateral leaflets ol upper leaves that are markedly narrower than those of the basal leaves. By contrast, C. microzyga has slender, non- stoloniferous, very long (at least 5 cm long) rhi¬ zomes, erect fruits and fruiting pedicels appressed to the rachis, and coarsely 1- or 2-toothed lateral leaflets of the cauline leaves that are more or less similar to those of the basal leaves. Cardamine pur¬ purascens was reduced by Li et al. (1995) to syn¬ onymy of C. microzyga, but the two are sufficiently different to be recognized as distinct species. On the other hand, the treatment by Tan et al. (1999) of the two species in different genera (as Loxoste¬ mon purpurascens and C. microzyga ) clearly distorts their close relationship. Cardamine fargesiana Al-Shehbaz, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Sichuan: Tchen-k6ou-tin, no specific locality or date given, R. P. Farges 1341 bis (holotype, P; isotype, P). Figure 1. Herba perennis 8-23 cm alta, caulibus rhizomatibus et stolonibus crispo-pilosis, caulibus distalibus glabris. Folia basalia orbiculata, 5—12 mm diam., palmatinervia, abax- ialiter glabra, adaxialiter pilosa. Folia caulina pinnatisec- ta, sessilia, lobis terminalibus obovatis, tridentatis; lobis lateralibus 4—6 jugis, linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis, in- tcgris. Racemi 3-7 flori. Pedicelli floriferi 5-12 mm longi. Sepala ovata, 2.5—3 X 1.2—1.6 mm, glabra, lateralia sac- cata. Petala alba, obovata, 5-6 X 2.5-3 mm. Filamenta mediana 3-3.5 mm longa, filamenta lateralia 2-2.5 mm Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Al-Shehbaz Cardamine (Brassicaceae) 325 Figure 1. Cardamine fargesiarm Al-Shehbaz. —A. Plant. —B. Basal leaf abaxial view. —C. Cauline leaf adaxial view. —1). Petal. —E. Median stamen. Seale: A = 1 cm; B = 2 mm; C = 5 mm; D. E = 1 mm. Drawn by Al-Shehbaz from the holotype ( Farges 1341 bis). 326 Novon longa; antherae oblongae, 0.8-1.1 mm longae, basi sagit- tatae. Fructus et semina ignota. Perennial herbs 8—23 cm tall. Rhizome ovoid to oblong, 2-5 X 1.5—2 mm. Stolons slender, densely pilose with crisped trichomes, thickened at plant base. Stems simple, erect, densely crisped pilose at base, gradually sparser upward, completely gla¬ brous at raceme. Basal leaves 1 to 4 per plant, simple or rarely with a pair of leaflet-like lobes; petiole 0.5-4.5 cm long, densely crisped pilose; leal blade orbicular, 5—12 mm diam., palmately 5- veined, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose along proximal portion ol veins, adaxially pilose with sim¬ ple, straight trichomes to 0.5 mm long, base cor¬ date, margin entire or obscurely 5-angled, mucro- nate at vein tips; principal veins prominent abaxially, not branched, connected near margin. Cauline leaves 3 to 5, 0.9-2.2 X 0.7-1.5 cm, broadly ovate to oblong in outline, pinnatisect, abaxially glabrous, adaxially pilose; petiole absent and leal base appearing auriculate; rachis 2-15 mm long; terminal lobe of lowermost leaf obovate, 4—14 X 2—6 mm, apically 3-toothed, sometimes with a minute tooth subbasally on each side, base cuneate into a petiolule to 3 mm long, margin en¬ tire, apex mucronate; lateral lobes 4 to 6, linear to lanceolate-linear, margin entire, apex acute, prox¬ imal 2 to 4 lobes attached at one point on each side of rachis. Uppermost leaves shorter and with nar¬ rower lobes. Racemes 3- to 7-flowered. Flowering pedicels ascending, 5-12 mm long, straight, gla¬ brous. Sepals ovate, 2.5-3 X 1.2-1.6 mm, gla¬ brous, margin and apex membranous, lateral pairs saccate. Petals white, broadly obovate, 5-6 X 2.5- 3 mm, apex rounded. Median filament pairs 3-3.5 mm long, slender, lateral pair 2-2.5 mm long; an¬ thers oblong, 0.8—1.1 mm long, base sagittate. Pistil glabrous; style 1-1.5 mm long; stigma entire. Fruits and seeds not seen. Cardamine fargesiana is one of the most distinc¬ tive ol all Asian species of Cardamine. It is readily distinguished by its strongly dimorphic leaves: the basal leaves are simple, orbicular, and palmately veined, whereas the cauline leaves are sessile, pin¬ natisect, and have a 3-lobed terminal lobe and lin¬ ear to linear-lanceolate lateral lobes the proximal pair of which is auricle-like (Fig. 1). Although C. fargesiana does not appear to be closely related to any other species, it belongs to a group of six spe¬ cies that have sessile cauline leaves with auricle¬ like proximal leaflets or leaf lobes. This group in¬ cludes C. lyrata Bunge, C. griffithii J. D. Hooker & Thomson, C. hygrophila T. Y. Cheo & R. C. Fang, C. engleriana 0. E. Schulz, C. multijuga Franchet, and C. gracilis (0. E. Schulz) T. Y. Cheo & R. C. Fang. Paratype (perhaps unnumbered type collec¬ tion). China. Sichuan: Tchen-k6ou-tin, no specific lo¬ cality or date given, R. P. Purges s.n. (P). Cardamine lihengiana Al-Shehbaz, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Yiliang, Xia Cao Ba, 1900 m, 16 June 1982, Li Heng, Chen Yu & Yu Hongyuan 1267 (holotype, KUN; isotype, KUN). Figure 2. Herba perennis rhizomata, 30-50 cm alta, glabra. Rhi- zofolia et folia caulina inferiora petiolata, reniformia vel suborbiculata, 0.7-2.5 X 1-3 cm, palmatinervia, repando- crenata, 5- vel 7-angulata, petiolis nonauriculatis. Racemi omnino bracteati, laxi. Pedieelli fructiferi 1.5—3 cm longi, recti, ascendentes. Sepala ovata, 1.5-1.8 X 0.9-1 mm, nonsaccata. Petala alba, obovata, 3.54.5 X 1.5—2 mm. Fructus lineares, 2-3.6 cm longi, glabri; stylo 1-2 mm longo. Semina oblonga, 1.2-1.4 X 0.7-0.9 mm, nonalata. Perennial herbs 30-50 cm tall, glabrous throughout. Rhizomes slender, without stolons. Stems erect, angled, with long intemodes usually more than 2 cm. Rhizomal and lower cauline leaves simple; petiole 14 cm long, not auriculate at base; leaf blade reniform to suborbicular, 0.7-2.5 X 1- 3 cm, palmately veined, base cordate, margin re- pand-crenate, obscurely to distinctly 5- or 7-angled, apex obtuse, obscurely mucronulate. Middle and upper cauline leaves bearing axillary flowers, simple or rarely 1 or 2 with a lateral, leaf- let-like lobe, suborbicular to ovate, angled, not cre- nate, progressively smaller upward. Raceme brac- teate throughout, very lax. Fruiting pedicels ascending, 1.5—3 cm long, slender, straight. Sepals ovate, 1.5—1.8 X 0.9-1 mm, apex membranous, base not saccate. Petals white, obovate, 3.54.5 X 1.5-2 mm, not clawed, apex rounded. Median fil¬ ament pairs ca. 2.5 mm long, lateral pair ca. 2 mm long; anthers oblong, ca. 0.6 mm long. Ovules 20 to 24 per ovary. Fruit linear, 2-3.6 cm X ca. 1 mm, sessile; valves glabrous, smooth; style 1—2 mm long. Seeds brown, oblong, 1.2—1.4 X 0.7-0.9 mm, wingless. Phenology. Flowering and fruiting in June. Cardamine lihengiana is dramatically different from all Eurasian species of the genus in having very lax racemes that are bracteate throughout. There are several American species of Cardamine with bracteate inflorescences, but the new species is clearly unrelated to them because it has pal¬ mately instead of pinnately veined leaves. Carda¬ mine lihengiana is most closely related to the spe¬ cies group including C. circaeoides J. D. Hooker & Thomson and its relatives. This group has simple. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Al-Shehbaz Cardamine (Brassicaceae) 327 Figure 2. Cardamine lihengiana Al-Shehbaz. —A. Plant. —B. Sepal. —C. Petal. —1). Median stamen. Scale: A = 1 cm; B-D = 1 mm. Drawn by Al-Shehbaz from the holotype (Li Heng, Chen Yii & Yii Hongyuan 1267). 328 Novon reniform, palmately veined leaves, short rhizomes, and small, white flowers. The new species is named after Professor Li Heng (KUN), one of the collectors of the type collection. Acknowledgments. I am grateful to Henk van der Werff for checking the Latin. I thank Guanghua Zhu and Song Hong for their help with the trans¬ lation of herbarium labels from the Chinese. I also thank the directors and curators of the herbaria cit¬ ed in this paper. Literature Cited Akeroyd, J. R. 1993. Cardamine. In: G. G. Tutin et al. (editors), FI. Europaea, ed. 2, 1: 346-351. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. Al-Shehbaz, I. A. & G. Yang. 1998. Notes on Chinese Cardamine (Brassicaceae). Harvard Pap. Bot. 3(1): 73- 77. Cheo, T. Y. 1987. Cardamine and Loxostemon. In: T. Y. Cheo (editor), FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 33: 184—242. Science Press, Beijing. Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. 1994. Atlas Florae Europaeae. 10. Cruciferae ( Sisymbrium to Aubrieta). Helsinki Univ. Printing House, Helsinki. Lan, Y. Z. & T. Y. Cheo. 1981. Taxa nova generis Iatxos- temon familiae Cruciferum Sinicarum. Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(3): 52-58. Li, X. W. et al. 1995. Cruciferae. In: C. Y. Wu, C. Chen & S. K. Chen (editors), FI. Yunnan. 6: 1—121. Science Press, Beijing. Nakai, T. 1914. Plantae novae Japonicae et Koreanae II. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 301-315. Schultze-Motel, W. 1986. Cruciferae. In: G. Hegi (editor), Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-europa. Ed. 3, 4(1): 73- 514. -. 1931. Einige neue Cruciferen. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 225—230. Tan, Z. M., Z. Q. Zhang, Y. Zhao & S. D. Zhou. 1999. Cruciferae. In: Z. M. Tan (editor), FI. Sichuan. 14: 1- 181. Sichuan Nationality Press, Chengdu. Lepidostemon (Brassicaeeae) is No Longer Monotypic Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Previously monotypic Lepidostemon is expanded to include five species, of which L. ev- erestianus and L. gouldii are herein described as new. The new combinations L. rosularis and L. glar- icola are proposed. The genus is reported for the first time from China. Chrysobraya is reduced to synonymy of Lepidostemon. Lepidostemon has been recognized as monotypic since the original description of L. pedunculosus J. D. Hooker & Thomson as the generic type (Hooker & Thomson, 1861). Except for the treatments by Hayek (1911) and Schulz (1936), the genus was never studied in context with other Himalayan gen¬ era in Brassicaeeae (Cruciferae). As shown below, of the five species of Lepidostemon, one was de¬ scribed in the monotypic genus Chrysobraya H. Hara (as C. glaricola H. Hara) and another in Christolea Cambessedes (as C. rosularis K. C. Kuan & Z. X. An). However, neither of these two species was compared with L. pedunculosus. In his original description of Chrysobraya, Hara (1974) indicated that the genus is most closely al¬ lied to Braya Sternberg & Hoppe and listed several similarities, including aspects of their nectar glands, cotyledonary position, ebracteate racemes, and branched trichomes. Although the trichomes in Chrysobraya are branched, they are almost exclu¬ sively dendritic, whereas in Braya these trichomes are simple and unbranched, and are only forked. Furthermore, the persistence of all floral parts well alter fruit dehiscence in Chrysobraya in contrast to their abscission immediately after anthesis in Braya does not support any close affiliation. Chry¬ sobraya is morphologically similar to Lepidostemon, with which it shares trichome aspect, persistent flo¬ ral parts, toothed nectaries, coarsely toothed leaves, yellow petals, and solitary early flowers. However, Chrysobraya differs from Lepidostemon in having cotyledons incumbent instead of accumbent and staminal filaments toothless and wingless instead of winged and toothed. Several genera of the Brassi- caceae (e.g., Alyssum L., Dontostemon Andrzejows- ki ex C. A. Meyer) include species with both toothed or toothless and winged or wingless sta¬ minal filaments (Al-Shehbaz, 1987; Al-Shehbaz & Ohba, 2000), and the cotyledonary position has of¬ ten been shown to be an unreliable generic char¬ acter. Therefore, Chrysobraya is reduced to syn¬ onymy of Lepidostemon. As delimited herein, Lepidostemon consists of five, exclusively Himalayan species distributed in Bhutan, China (Xizang), Nepal, and Sikkim. It is characterized by having branched trichomes some¬ times mixed with simple ones (but at least some are dendritic), floral parts (sepals, petals, and stamens) persisting well alter fruit maturity, winged and often toothed median staminal filaments, as well as linear or linear-oblong, often torulose fruits. It should be noted that one species, L. glaricola, has slender, toothless filaments, and another, L. gouldii, has flo¬ ral parts that fall off shortly after anthesis. However, these two species show such remarkable morpho¬ logical similarities in other characters to L. pedun¬ culosus that they may reliably be included in Lep¬ idostemon. From both Streptoloma Bunge (2 species, central Asia) and Braya, Lepidostemon is readily distinguished by having toothed and/or winged median staminal filaments, persistent floral parts, and often some dendritic trichomes. Both Braya and Streptoloma have wingless and toothless median staminal filaments, readily deciduous floral parts, and no dendritic trichomes. Braya has simple and/or forked stalked trichomes, whereas Strepto¬ loma has almost exclusively malpighiaceous ones. Lepidostemon J. D. Hooker & Thomson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 131. 1861. TYPE: Lepidostemon pedunculosus J. D. Hooker & Thomson. Chrysobraya H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 49: 193. 1974. TYPE: Chrysobraya glaricola H. Hara. Herbs annual or caespitose perennial. Trichomes dendritic, forked and stalked, submalpighiaceous, or simple, often more than one kind present. Stems erect, simple from rosettes, leafy or leafless. Basal leaves petiolate, rosulate, simple, entire or dentate. Cauline leaves similar to basal, sometimes pinnat- ifid, rarely absent. Racemes few to many flowered, ebracteate or rarely bracteate throughout, elongated or not elongated in fruit, sometimes flowers solitary on long pedicels originating from axils of rosette leaves. Fruiting pedicels slender, divaricate or re¬ curved. Sepals oblong, persistent or rarely cadu- Novon 10: 329-333. 2000. 330 Novon cous, base not saccate, margin membranous. Petals yellow, white, lavender, or purple; blade broadly obovate or rarely spatulate, apex rounded or emar- ginate; claws subequaling sepals. Stamens 6, tet- radynamous; filaments winged or rarely wingless, toothed or rarely toothless; anthers reniform or rare¬ ly oblong, not apiculate at apex. Nectar glands 4, lateral; median nectaries absent. Ovules 8 to 28 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear-oblong to lin¬ ear, terete or latiseptate, sessile; valves papery, ob¬ scurely veined, rarely marginal veins prominent, pubescent, torulose or rarely smooth; replum rounded, visible; septum complete or rarely perfo¬ rated, membranous; style distinct, to 2 mm long; stigma capitate, entire or rarely slightly 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate, wingless, oblong or ovate, plump; seed coat minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent or rarely in¬ cumbent. Five species: Bhutan, China (Xizang), Sikkim, and Nepal. Kky to thk Species of Lepidostemon la. Racemes bracteate throughout; leaf trichomes al¬ most exclusively simple; anthers oblong, 0.7—0.9 mm long.3. L everestianus lb. Racemes ebracteate, rarely lowermost few flow¬ ers bracteate, leaf trichomes dendritic, submal- pighiaceous, forked or simple; anthers reniform, 0.3-0.5(-0.6) mm long. 2a. Perennials; trichomes crisped, almost exclu¬ sively dendritic; filaments slender; nectar glands clavate, 0.5—1 mm long; cotyledons incumbent; petals bright yellow; stems leaf¬ less .5. L glaricola 2b. Annuals; trichomes not crisped, simple, forked, dendritic, or submalpighiaceous, of¬ ten a mixture of more than one type; fila¬ ments flattened; nectar glands ovate, 0.1— 0.3(-0.4) mm long; petals purple, lavender, white, or light yellow; cotyledons accumbent (unknown in L. gouldii); stems leafy. 3a. Fruit strongly flattened, not torulose, 2.5—3 mm wide; valve margin thick¬ ened, with prominent marginal veins; median filaments toothless; seeds ovate .4. L. rosularis 3b. Fruit terete, torulose, ca. 1 mm wide; valve margin not thickened, with ob¬ scure marginal veins; median filaments toothed; seeds oblong. 4a. Petals purple to lavender, rarely white; sepals, petals, and stamens deciduous shortly after flowering and before fruit maturity; racemes elongated in fruit; fruiting pedicels recurved; leaf trichomes predomi¬ nantly simple; fruit with stalked forked and dendritic trichomes . . . 2. L. gouldii 4b. Petals yellow; sepals, petals, and stamens persistent well after fruit maturity; racemes not elongated in fruit; fruiting pedicels straight; leaf trichomes primarily dendritic and submalpighiaceous; fruit with sub¬ malpighiaceous sessile trichomes . 1 . L. /tedunculosus 1. Lepidostemon pedunculosus J. D. Hooker & Thomson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 156. 1861. TYPE: Sikkim. Alt. 14,000-16,000 ft., J. D. Hooker s.n. (holotype, K; isotypes, BM, G, GH, P). Herbs annual, 2-10 cm tall. Trichomes short stalked and subdendritic or forked, subsessile and submalpighiaceous and dendritic on leaves, stems, pedicels, and fruits, rarely simple along leaf mar¬ gin. Basal leaves rosulate, smaller than and some¬ what similar to cauline ones, drying by flowering time. Stem leaves few to many, often densely grouped below inflorescence; petioles 3—10(—25) mm long, ciliate with simple subsetose trichomes; leal blades spatulate to oblanceolate, 3—12 X 2—7 mm, base attenuate, margins dentate to pinnatifid with 1 to 4, oblong to linear, 1-5 X 0.5-1 mm, lateral lobes on each side, apex obtuse. Racemes 8- to many flowered, ebracteate or sometimes low¬ ermost pedicels with adnate bracts, not elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, straight, 1-3.5 cm long. Sepals oblong, 2-3.5 X 1-1.5 mm, spreading, sparsely hairy, persistent. Petals yellow, broadly obovate to spatulate, 3-5.5 X 1.5-4 mm, persistent, apex emarginate to rounded; claws 1-2 mm long. Filaments 2-3 mm long, persistent; me¬ dian pairs with oblong to obovate wings 0.5—0.9 mm wide, unexpanded portion of filament to 0.6 mm long; lateral pair entire or winged; anthers re¬ niform, 0.3—0.5 mm long. Nectar glands ovate, to 0.2 mm long. Ovules 6 to 14 per locule. Fruit nar¬ rowly linear, 1.5-2.5 cm X ca. 1 mm, terete; valves torulose, densely beset with submalpighiaceous sessile trichomes; septum complete; style 0.5-2 mm long; stigma ca. as wide as style, entire. Seeds oblong, 1—1.4 X 0.5—0.6 mm; cotyledons accum¬ bent. Phenology. Flowering in June and July; fruiting in July and August. Habitat. Rocky slopes; elevation 4200-4900 m. Distribution. China and Sikkim. The material from China has somewhat larger flowers than that of the Sikkim type and perhaps represents an undescribed infraspecific taxon. However, I have examined only a limited collection of the species from its entire range and therefore refrain from recognizing the Chinese material for¬ mally. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Al-Shehbaz Lepidostemon 331 Although the type of Lepidostemon pedunculosus was collected from Sikkim (Hooker & Thomson, f861), the species was not included in recent flo- ristic works of India (Hajra & Chowdhery, 1993; Srivastava, 1998). The report of the species from Bhutan and the description of flower color as purple (Grierson, 1984) is based on plants herein recog¬ nized as L. gouldii. Specimens examined. CHINA. Xizang (Tibet): Tremo La, Gould 2381 (K); Guatoa to Phari via Dotha Valley, Gould 2132 (K); Choom-la-ru, 30 July 1882, King s.n. (BM. K). 2. Lepidostemon gouldii Al-Shehbaz, sp. nov. TYPE: Bhutan. Kemphu, 12,000-16,000 ft., 13 June 1938, J. Gould 466 (holotype, BM; isotype, BM). Herba annua. Folia caulina spathulata vel oblanceolata, integra vel 1- vel 2-dentata, pilis simplicibus. Racemi ebracteati, 3- ad 12-flori. Sepala, petala et filamenta cad- uca. Petala purpurea, lavandula, vel alba, 4.5—6 X 3^1 mm. Filamenta mediana dentata, alata, 1.5-2.5 mm longa; alae 0.3-0.5 mm latae. Siliquae immaturae anguste ob- longae, 5—10 mm longae; valvae torulosae, pilis furcatibus et dendroidibus. Herbs annual, 2-15 cm tall. Trichomes simple, stalked forked (Y-shaped), or subsessile and sub- malpighiaceous on stems and pedicels, predomi¬ nantly simple and to 1.5 mm long on leaves. Basal leaves rosulate, smaller than and somewhat similar to cauline ones, drying by flowering time. Stem leaves lew to many, well-spaced below the inflores¬ cence; petioles obsolete or rarely to 2 mm long; leal blades spatulate to oblanceolate, 2-15 X 1—3(—4) mm, sparsely pubescent, base attenuate, margins entire or obscurely dentate with 1 or 2 teeth on each side, apex obtuse. Racemes 3- to 12-flowered, ebracteate, elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, recurved, 5-12 mm long. Se¬ pals oblong, 1.5—2 X 1-1.5 mm, spreading, cadu¬ cous. Petals purple to lavender or rarely white, broadly obovate, 4.5—6 X 3—4 mm, caducous, apex emarginate; claws 1-2 mm long. Filaments 1.5—2.5 mm long, caducous; median pairs dentate, with a linear wing 0.3-0.5 mm wide, unexpanded portion of filament to 0.3 mm long; lateral pair entire; an¬ thers reniform, 0.3—0.5 mm long. Nectar glands ovate, 0.2-0.3(-0.4) mm long. Fruit (immature) nar¬ rowly oblong, 5—10 X ca. 1 mm, terete; valves to- rulose, densely pubescent with stalked, forked and dendritic trichomes; style ca. 1 mm long; stigma large, wider than style, entire. Immature seeds ob¬ long. Phenology. Flowering May to July; fruiting July to August. Habitat. Sandy soil near streams, moist Abies forest; elevation 3600-4900 m. Distribution. Bhutan and Nepal. One of the paratypes, Ludlow & Sherriff 16839 (BM), was cited by Hara (1977) as a paratype of Draba williamsii H. Hara. However, plants of this collection have ebracteate racemes and toothed me¬ dian staminal filaments that support its placement in Lepidostemon. By contrast, the type collection and all Nepalese paratypes of D. williamsii cited by Hara have toothless filaments and racemes brac- teate throughout. The single collection cited below from Nepal was annotated as Lepidostemon pedunculosus, but that species is restricted to China and Sikkim. Lepidos¬ temon gouldii is readily distinguished from L pe¬ dunculosus by the flower color, leaf and fruit tri¬ chomes, curvature of fruiting pedicels, and duration of floral parts (see key). Paratypes. BHUTAN. Kemphu, Gould 465 (BM, E), Gould 467 (BM); Saga La. upper Mangde Chu, Ludlow & Sherriff 76839 (BM); Upper Bumthang Chu District. Lam- brang Chu. Lyon J0I29 (E); Bumthang District, DhurChu, Lyon 10113 (E). NEPAL. Dolpa District: W of Ringmo, Yoshida 1007 (TI). 3. Lepidostemon everestianus Al-Shehbaz, sp. nov. TYPE: [China. Xizang] Tibet. East Rong- buk Glacier, Mt. Everest, 21,000 ft. [ca. 6400 m], big scree, 26 July 1935, E. E. Shipton s.n. (holotype, BM). Herba perennis, pilis primariis simplicibus. Folia bas- alia ovata vel oblonga, 2—6 X 1—3 mm, integra. Racemi 6- ad 12-flori, bracteati; bracteae et pedicelli adnati. Se¬ pala, petala, et filamenta persistentia. Petala alba, obov- ata, ca. 5 X 2.5 mm. Filamenta mediana dentata et alata, ca. 3.5 mm longa; alae ca. 0.5 mm latae. Siliquae oblongo- lineares, ca. 7 X 1.5 mm, torulosae. Semina ovata, ca. 1.4 mm longa. Herbs perennial, 3-4 cm tall, pilose, with a slen¬ der rhizome-like caudex. Trichomes almost exclu¬ sively simple, to 1 mm long, rarely a few forked and dendritic ones present. Basal leaves rosulate, persistent; petioles 0.5-4 mm long; leaf blades ovate to oblong, 2-6 X 1-3 mm, densely pilose, base obtuse, margins entire, apex obtuse. Stem leaves and bracts similar to basal leaves but small¬ er. Racemes 6- to 12-flowered, bracteate through¬ out, slightly elongated in fruit; bracts adnate to ped¬ icels. Fruiting pedicels ascending-divaricate, straight, 2-3 mm long. Sepals oblong, ca. 3 X 1 mm, spreading, sparsely hairy, persistent. Petals white, obovate, ca. 5 X 2.5 mm, apex rounded; claws 2-3 mm long. Filaments persistent; median pairs ca. 3.5 mm long, winged and ca. 0.5 mm wide 332 Novon basally, minutely toothed below middle; lateral pair ca. 3 mm long, slender, wingless; anthers oblong, 0.7-0.9 mm long. Ovules ca. 4 per locule. Fruit oblong-linear, ca. 7 X 1.5 mm, terete; valves to- rulose, densely pubescent, obscurely veined; sep¬ tum complete; style ca. 0.7 mm long; stigma mi¬ nute, entire. Seeds ovate, ca. 1.4 mm long; cotyledons accumbent. Phenology. Flowering and fruiting in July. Habitat. Scree; elevation 6400 m. Distribution. Endemic to China (Xizang). Lepidostemon everestianus grows at an altitude (ca. 6400 m) that surpasses every other Brassica- ceae that I know. Unfortunately, the species is known only from the type gathering, and more col¬ lections are needed to have a better understanding of this remarkable species. Lepidostemon everestianus differs from the rest of the genus in having almost exclusively simple leaf trichomes and fully bracteate inflorescences. How¬ ever, it is assigned to Lepidostemon by its dentate, winged filaments of the median stamens, persistent sepals, petals, and stamens, and toothlike lateral nectaries. 4. Lepidostemon rosularis (K. C. Kuan & Z. X. An) Al-Shehbaz, comb. nov. Basionym: Chris- tolea rosularis K. C. Kuan & Z. X. An, in C. Y. Wu, FI. Xizangica 2: 386. 1985. TYPE: China. Xizang: from Ritang to Cona, 4750 m, 21 Aug. 1975, Qinghai-Xizang Expedition 75- 1490 (holotype, PE; isotype, KUN). Herbs annual, 1-4 cm tall. Trichomes short stalked and subdendritic or forked, simple ones to 1 mm long on petioles and fruits. Basal leaves ro- sulate, smaller than cauline ones, entire, drying by flowering time. Stem leaves several to many, often densely grouped below inflorescence; petioles 5—14 mm long, ciliate with simple trichomes; leaf blades spatulate to oblanceolate or ovate, 3—10 X 2—6 mm, sparsely pubescent, base cuneate, margins with 1 to 4 teeth on each side, apex obtuse. Racemes 10- to many flowered, ebraeteate or rarely lowermost pedicels with adnate bracts, not elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, straight, 0.5—2 cm long. Sepals oblong, 2—3.5 X 1—1.5 mm, spreading, pubescent, persistent. Petals white, broadly ob- ovate, 3—5 X 2—3 mm, persistent, apex rounded; claws 1—2 mm long. Filaments 2-2.5 mm long, per¬ sistent; median pairs narrowly lanceolate, winged, 0.4—0.5 mm wide; lateral pair slender, wingless; an¬ thers reniform, 0.4-0.5 mm long. Ovules 6 to 8 per locule. Fruit oblong-linear, 1-2 cm X 2.5—3 mm, flattened; valves with obscure midvein and promi¬ nent marginal veins, somewhat indurate at margin and connate at base, dehiscing basipetally, not to- rulose, pilose with forked and/or simple trichomes; septum complete; style 0.5—1.5 mm long; stigma subentire to 2-lobed. Seeds ovate, 1.2-1.6 X 0.8— 1 mm; cotyledons accumbent. Phenology. Flowering June and July; fruiting July and August. Habitat. Stony ground, slopes, dry gullies, scree; elevation 4200-5100 m. Distribution. Endemic to China. The type collection (three sheets) of Lepidoste¬ mon rosularis consists of five plants with mature fruits and a few aborted flowers, while Kingdon- Ward 11846 consists of eight plants all in flower and some with young fruits. The two collections are basically similar except for the fruit indumentum. Fruits of the type collection are covered exclusively with simple trichomes, whereas those of Kingdon- Ward’s collection have simple trichomes on the valve margin and either exclusively forked or a mixture of simple and forked on the rest of the valve. The holotype of Lepidostemon rosularis has some pedicels with small adnate bracts. In this, the spe¬ cies resembles L. pedunculosus and L everestianus, though the last has all pedicels with adnate bracts. In assigning this species to Christolea, Kuan (1985) and An (1987) followed Jafri (1955, 1973) who adopted a very broad concept of the genus that included species presently assigned to six genera (Al-Shehbaz, 2000). It is excluded from Christolea because it is an annual with a distinct basal rosette, leafless stems, branched trichomes, accumbent cot¬ yledons, obtuse anthers, winged filaments of me¬ dian stamens, and persistent floral parts. Christolea consists of perennials without basal rosettes and with leafy stems, simple trichomes, incumbent cot¬ yledons, apiculate anthers, slender filaments, and deciduous floral parts. Although most species of Christolea recognized by Kuan (1985), An (1987), and Jafri (1955, 1973) have been assigned to De- sideria (Al-Shehbaz, 2000), Lepidostemon rosularis clearly differs from those by having a distinct style, fruit valves not adnate apically to the replum, white flowers, persistent floral parts, winged filaments, and pinnately veined leaves. By contrast, species of Desideria have obsolete styles, fruit valves ad¬ nate apically to the replum, blue or purplish flow¬ ers, deciduous floral parts (sometimes sepals per¬ sistent), wingless filaments, and palmately veined leaves. Except for its flattened fruits with thickened valve margins, L. rosularis is perfectly at home in Lepidostemon. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Al-Shehbaz Lepidostemon 333 Other materia! examined. CHINA. Xizang (Tibet): Sanga Choling, Kingdon-Ward 11846 (BM). 5. Lepidostemon glaricola (H. Hara) Al-Sheh- baz, comb. nov. Basionym: Chrysobraya glar¬ icola H. Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 49: 195. 1974. TYPE: Bhutan. Above Kuma Thang, Paro Chu Drainage, in moss or scree with running water, 13,000 ft., 14 Oct. 1949, Ludloiv & Sherriff 17477 (holotype, BM). Herbs caespitose perennials, 1-10 cm tall. Tri- chomes crisped, dendritic, or rarely forked. Basal leaves rosulate, many; petioles 3—12 mm long; leaf blades spatulate to obovate or oblanceolate, 3-15 X 1.5—5 mm, base attenuate, margins 1- to 4- toothed on each side, rarely subentire, apex sub¬ acute to obtuse. Racemes many flowered, ebracte- ate, elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels ascending to divaricate, slender, straight or slightly curved, (0.5-)l-3 cm long. Sepals oblong, 2-2.5 X 1-1.5 mm, slightly spreading, hairy, persistent. Petals bright yellow, broadly obovate, 3-6 X 2-4 mm, persistent, apex emarginate to rounded; claws 1-2 mm long. Filaments 1.5—2.5 mm long, persistent, neither winged nor dentate; anthers reniform, 0.5— 0.6 mm long. Nectar glands clavate, 0.5—1 mm long. Ovules 4 to 6 per locule. Fruit linear-oblong, 4—11 X 1.5—2 mm, terete; valves torulose, densely pubescent with dendritic trichomes, obscurely veined; septum complete or perforate; style 0.3—1 mm long; stigma wider than style, entire. Seeds ob¬ long, 1-1.2 X 0.5—0.6 mm; cotyledons incumbent. Phenology. Flowering May through July; fruit¬ ing July to October. Habitat. On rocks, in mossy boulder scree, wet stream beds, scree with running water, meadows, rock crevices; elevation 4000-4700 m. Distribution. Bhutan and Nepal. Lepidostemon glaricola is much more common in Bhutan than in Nepal, and the record from Nepal is based on the single collection below, which was reported by Hara (1974, 1979) under Chrysobraya. Specimens examined: BHUTAN. Saga La, Upper Mangde Chu, Ludlow, Sherriff & Hicks 16838 (E); Mar- lung, Tsampa, Ludlow. Sherriff & Hicks 19376 (E); Kuma Thang, foot of Pangte La. Paro Chu, Ludlow & Sherriff 16276 (BM, E); Pangte La, Paru Chu, Ludlow & Sherriff 16290 (BM, E); Lingshi, Cooper 1654 (E); Dole La, Cooper 4037 (E); Yele La Timpu, Cooper 1851 (E); Upper Mo Chu District, valley below Chhew La. above Chebesa, 27°57'N, 89°29'E, Sinclair & Long 5444 (E); Yala. Pyala, Gould 1316 (K). NEPAL. Jalang Chhyongo, Kanai, Ohashi, K. Iwatsuki, Ohba, Z. Iwatsuki & Shakya 720631 (TI). Acknowledgments. I am most grateful to Hi- deaki Ohba (TI), Sue Zmarzty and Gillian Challen (K), Henry Noltie (E), and Roy Vickery (BM) for their help with the loans. I am much indebted to Zhu Guanghua for his help in the translation of Chinese text and herbarium labels. Neil Harriman, Victoria Hollowell, Amy McPherson, and Diana Gunter are thanked for their critical comments on the manuscript. The directors and curators of the herbaria cited in this paper are thanked. Literature Cited Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1987. The genera of Alysseae (Cruci- ferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 68: 185-240. -. 2000. A review of gamosepaly in the Brassica¬ ceae and a revision of Desideria , with a critical evalu¬ ation of related genera. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 87: 549-563. - & H. Ohba. 20(X). The status of Dimorphostemon and two new combinations in Dontostemon (Brassica¬ ceae). Novon 10: 95—98. An, Z. X. 1987. Christolea. In: T. Y. Cheo (editor), FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 33: 289-299. Science Press, Beijing. Grierson, A. J. C. 1984. Cruciferae. In: A. J. C. Grierson & D. G. Long (editors), FI. Bhutan 1(2): 416-445. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Hajra, P. K. & H. J. Chowdhery. 1993. Arabideae. In: B. D. Sharma & N. P. Balakrishnan (editors), FI. India 2: 99-133. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Hara, H. 1974. New or noteworthy flowering plants from eastern Himalaya (15). J. Jap. Bot. 49: 193-205. -. 1977. New or noteworthy flowering plants from eastern Himalaya (20). J. Jap. Bot. 353-359. -. 1979. Cruciferae. In: H. Hara & L. H. J. Wil¬ liams (editors). An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. Publ. 810: 38-46. Hayek, A. 1911. Entwurf eines Cruciferen-systems auf phylogenetischer Grundlage. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27: 127-335. Hooker, J. D. & T. Thomson. 1861. Precursores ad floram Indicam, Cruciferae. J. Linn. Soe., Bot. 5: 128—181. Jafri, S. M. H. 1955. Christolea: With special reference to the species in N.W. Himalayas, W. Pakistan and Af¬ ghanistan. Notes Roy. Bot. Card. Edinburgh 22: 49-59. -. 1973. Brassicaceae. In: E. Nasir & S. I. Ali (ed¬ itors), FI. West Pakistan 55: 1-308. Ferozsons, Karachi. Kuan, K. C. 1985. Cruciferae. In: C. Y. Wu (editor), El. Xizangica 2: 323—411. Science Press, Beijing. Schulz, 0. E. 1936. Cruciferae. In: A. Engler & K. Prantl (editors), Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2., 17B: 227-658. Ver- lag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Srivastava, R. C. 1998. Flora of Sikkim (Ranunculaceae— Moringaceae). Oriental Enterprises, Dehra Dun. What is Nasturtium tibeticum (Brassicaceae)? Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Abstract. The status of Nasturtium tibeticum is discussed, and the new combination Dontostemon tibeticus is proposed. Accounts of N. tibeticum in some Chinese floras are based on plants of the new species Phaeonychium fengii. The distinguishing characters of Nasturtium, Dontostemon, and Phaeo¬ nychium are presented. During the revision of Brassicaceae for the Flora of China, it became evident that the identity and generic placement of the poorly known Nasturtium tibeticum Maximowicz were erroneously interpreted in several accounts of the family for provincial and national Chinese floras. As shown below, such ac¬ counts involve two species more appropriately placed in Dontostemon Andrzejowski ex C. A. Mey¬ er and Phaeonychium 0. E. Schulz. Unfortunately, treatments of these two genera (Al-Shehbaz, 2000; Al-Shehbaz & Ohba, 2000) were already in press when I started working on the N. tibeticum problem and, therefore, it was not possible to incorporate the following findings into those two publications. Although Maximowicz (1889) provided detailed description and illustrations of Nasturtium tibeti¬ cum, he did not discuss its generic placement and only indicated that it cannot be placed in Sisym¬ brium L. on account of its accumbent instead of incumbent cotyledons. That original disposition of N. tibeticum has not been questioned until the pre¬ sent, though Schulz (1933, 1936) recognized its anomalous position in Nasturtium R. Brown and placed it in the monotypic section Ktenokardamum O. E. Schulz. However, Schulz’s broad concept of Nasturtium included also all of Rorippa Scopoli and a few species presently assigned to other genera. As delimited by Al-Shehbaz and Price (1998), Nasturtium includes five species, of which two are native to North America, two to Europe, and one to North Africa. It consists of aquatic perennials with hollow stems rooting at the submersed lowermost nodes, pinnately compound emergent leaves with nondecurrent lateral leaflets, and coarsely reticu¬ late seeds. Nasturtium tibeticum clearly does not belong to this genus because it is a terrestrial bi¬ ennial with solid stems not rooting at the lowermost nodes, pectinate-pinnatifid leaves with decurrent lateral leaf lobes, and minutely reticulate seeds. In every aspect of the plant, N. tibeticum is most at home in Dontostemon (including Dimorphostemon Kitagawa), an Asian genus of ten species (Al-Sheh¬ baz & Ohba, 2000). The species, hereafter known as D. tibeticus, has multicellular glandlike warts on the fruit valve but not the typical glands charac¬ teristic of four of the ten species of Dontostemon, nor does it have the connate median filaments found in eight of those ten species. However, it has broadly expanded and sometimes minutely dentic¬ ulate bases of the median staminal filaments, dis¬ tinctly 2-lobed stigmas, accumbent cotyledons, white flowers with purplish petal claws, and strong¬ ly divided leaves. In this, D. tibeticus is more sim¬ ilar to D. pinnatifidus (Willdenow) Al-Shehbaz & H. Ohba than to other Himalayan or Asian species. From other species of Dontostemon, D. tibeticus is readily distinguished by having pectinate-pinnatifid leaves, prominently 2-lobed stigmas with subde¬ current lobes, and free, basally flattened bases of the median staminal filaments. The descriptions and illustrations of Dontoste¬ mon tibeticus (as Nasturtium ) in Flora Qinghaiica (Huang, 1997) and Flora Xizangica (Kuan, 1985) were accurate, but those in other floras (see below) were not. Because of the confusion in the identity of this species, a detailed description and citation of specimens are provided. Excellent illustrations of the species can be found in Maximowicz (1889) and Huang (1997). Dontostemon tibeticus (Maximowicz) Al-Sheh¬ baz, comb. nov. Basionym: Nasturtium tibeti¬ cum Maximowicz, FI. Tangut. 54. 1889. TYPE: China. Tibet: alpine areas at River Bo-Tschii, 25 June-7 July 1884, N. M. Przewalski s.n. (lectotype, here designated, LE, photo MO; isotypes, P, PE). Herbs biennial, (1.5-)4—14(-20) cm tall, pilose with simple trichomes to 1.5 mm, with a somewhat fleshy root. Stems often few from base, simple above. Basal and lowermost stem leaves eglandular; petiole (0.3-)l-2 cm long; leaf blade lanceolate to oblong or oblanceolate in outline, somewhat fleshy, (0.7—)1.2—2.7(—3.5) cm X (3—)5—10(—14) mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margin pectinate-pinnatifid. Novon 10: 334^336. 2000. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Al-Shehbaz Nasturtium tibeticum 335 apex acute; lateral lobes (4 to) 7 to 11, to 5 X 2.5 mm, decurrent, sometimes imbricate, abaxially toothed or entire, adaxially entire, acute; uppermost stem leaves sessile. Fruiting pedicel divaricate, (2—)3—7(—9) mm long, eglandular, stout. Sepals ovate, 3-^1 X 1.5—2 mm, sparsely hairy apically or glabrous, lateral pair slightly saccate. Petals white with pink or purplish claws, obcordate, 5-8 X 2.5- 3.5(—4) mm, apex emarginate; claw 3-4 mm long. Filaments of median stamens 3—4 mm long, free, flattened and sometimes minutely toothed on 1 side; filament of lateral stamens 2—2.5 mm long, slender; anthers oblong, 0.7-1 mm long, not apic- ulate. Ovules 12 to 20 per ovary. Fruit (0.8—)1— 1 -5(—1-7) cm X (0.8—) 1—1.3 mm, straight, torulose, terete; valves with a prominent midvein, with mul¬ ticellular glandlike warts; style 1-3 mm long; stig¬ ma prominently 2-lobed, lobes subdecurrent. Seeds brown, oblong-ovate, 1.4—1.6 X 0.9-1 mm, wing¬ less; cotyledons accumbent. Flowering June-July, fruiting July-August. Loose scree, disturbed alpine meadows, moist gravelly slopes, permafrost gravel and sandstone, steep rocky slopes; 3200-5200 m. Gansu, Qinghai, Xizang. Maximowicz (1889) cited three syntypes all mounted on the same sheet at LE. The collection with nearly mature fruits and on which the original illustration was based is taken here as the type. The other two syntypes have rather young racemes and no fruits. The species is restricted to Xizang, Qing¬ hai, and adjacent Gansu. The record from Gansu Province is reported here for the first time. The records of Dontostemon tibeticus (as Nasturtium ) from Sichuan (Guo, 1987; Wang, 1993; Tan et al., 1999) are based on plants of the new species Phaeonychium fengii. Specimens examined. CHINA. Gansu: Yong Ngun, Nan Qiau, Villant 883 (P). Qinghai: Chindu Xian. Qing- shuihe Xiang, W of road between Madoi and Yushu on road to Zadoi just S of Qingshuihe, 33°45'N, 97°7'E, Ho, Bartholomew, Watson A Gilbert 1606 (BM, CAS, E, HNWP, MO); 33°45'N, 97°3'E, Ho. Bartholomew, Watson & Gilbert 1643 (BM, CAS, E, HNWP, MO); Chindu Xian, 33°07'39"N, 97°27'44"E, Boufford, Lu & Ying 26912 (MO); Madoi Xian. NE of Bayan Har Pass, on road be¬ tween Madoi and Yushu, 34°11'N, 97°46'E, Ho, Barthol¬ omew, Watson & Gilbert 1703 (BM. CAS, E, HNWP, MO); Madoi to Yushu, E summit of Bayen Har Pass, 25 July 1996, Herring s.n. (E); Kou-kou-nor, 24 Nov. 1938, Neel s.n. (P), Madoi Xian, Wu 668, 1162 (HNWP); Guide Xian, Huang 3561 (HNWP); Angqin Xian. Wang 687 (HNWP). Xizang (Tibet): Tangula Shan, Taoer Jiu Yakou, 32°33'N, 91 0 51'E, Dickore 4138 (GOET, MO); Bi Qu Wenquan- Yanshiping (Lhasa-Golmud Rd.), 33°31'N, 91°58'E, Dic- kord 4157 (GOET, MO); River Tala Chu, 18 June 1884, Przewalski s.n, (LE, PE); mountains between Huang He and Blue River, 10 June 1884, Przewalski s.n. (LE). Phaeonychium fengii Al-Shehbaz, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Pai-shu-ho, by NE Lik- iang Snow Range, open moist streams, 3 Apr. 1939, K. M. Feng 654 (holotype. A; isotype, PE). Herba perennis caespitosa caudice pauciramoso et lig- noso; eaules, pedicelli fructusque pilis submalpighiaceis obtecti, folia sepalaque pilis simplicibus et submalpighi¬ aceis. Folia basalia rosulata, petiolata, oblonga vel oblan- ceolata, 3-15 X 1.5-6 mm, grosse dentata vel lyrata. Ped¬ icelli fructiferi divaricato-ascendentes, 5-10 mm longi. Sepala oblonga, 2.5—3.5 X 1—1.5 mm, sparse pilosa, cad- uca. Petala rosea, obovata, 6-7 X 3.5-4 mm; ungues 1.5- 2 mm longi. Ovula 12—16. Fructus immatures teretes, pi- losi; stylus ca. 1 mm longus; stigma bilobatum. Semina matura ignota. Herbs perennial, 3—9 cm tall, caespitose; caudex stout, woody, few branched, to 8 mm diam., covered with petiolar remains of previous years. Trichomes submalpighiaceous on stems, pedicels, and fruits, these mixed with simple ones especially on leaves and sepals. Stems erect, simple from caudex. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 0.5-1.5 cm long, ciliate with simple trichomes to 1 mm long, becoming pa¬ pery at base; leaf blade oblong to oblanceolate, 3- 15 X 1.5-6 mm, sparsely pilose, base attenuate, margin coarsely dentate and with 3 to 7 teeth on each side, or lyrate, rarely earliest ones subentire, apex subacute. Upper stem leaves similar to basal, subsessile. Racemes corymbose, ebracteate or low¬ ermost 1 or 2 flowers bracteate. Young fruiting ped¬ icel divaricate-ascending, straight, 5-10 mm long. Sepals oblong, 2.5—3.5 X 1—1.5 mm, sparsely pi¬ lose, caducous, margin membranous. Petals rose- pink, obovate, 6-7 X 3.5-4 mm, apex rounded; claw 1.5-2 mm long. Filaments slender; median pairs 2.5-3.5 mm long; lateral pair 2-2.5 mm long; anthers oblong, 0.7-0.8 mm long. Ovules 12-16 per ovary. Young fruits terete, pilose; style ca. 1 mm long; stigma 2-lobed. Mature seeds unknown. Records of Nasturtium tibeticum in Guo (1987), Wang (1993), and Tan et al. (1999) are all based on a single misidentified collection, Feng 654 (PE), of the new species Phaeonychium fengii. Plants of this collection are caespitose perennials with woody caudices, slender, toothless, free staminal fila¬ ments, confluent median nectar glands, and short- stalked submalpighiaceous trichomes on the stems, pedicels, and young fruits. The species cannot be placed in Nasturtium or Dontostemon, because these two genera lack branched trichomes and me¬ dian nectar glands. Furthermore, the lack in P. fen- 336 Novon gii of glandular trichomes and of connate or flat¬ tened/toothed median staminal filaments clearly excludes it from Dontostemon. All species of Phaeonychium, including P. fengii, have branched trichomes, woody caudices with petiolar remains of previous years, and confluent median nectar glands (Al-Shehbaz, 2000). Although the type collection of P. fengii does not have mature fruits and seeds, its generic placement is best in Phaeonychium rather than in any other known genus. However, the coarsely dentate to lyrate leaves in P. fengii are somewhat anomalous in the genus because almost all of the other six species of Phaeonychium have entire leaves, though P. albiflorum (T. Anderson) Jafri sometimes has apically 1- to 3-toothed leaves. Phaeonychium fengii is readily distinguished from the other species of the genus by its coarsely den¬ tate to lyrate leaves and submalpighiaceous stalked trichomes that cover the stems, pedicels, and fruits. It is most similar to P. albiflorum, which has entire to rarely 1- to 3- toothed leaves and dendritic and forked instead of submalpighiaceous trichomes. The illustrations in Guo (1987) and Tan et al. (1999) of P. fengii (as N. tibeticum) are represen¬ tative and should be consulted. Phaeonychium fengii is known thus far only from the type collection, which consists of 18 plants on two sheets. Wang (1993) cited under N. tibeticum another collection, Sichuan Vegetation Expedition Team 15143, besides that of the type gathering of P. fengii, but I have not seen that collection and therefore I am unable to determine its generic placement. Acknowledgments. I thank Henk van der Werff for correcting the Latin and Zhu Guanghua for his help in the translation of herbarium labels. I am indebted to the directors and curators of the her¬ baria cited in this paper. Literature Cited Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 2000. A revision of the genus Phaeo¬ nychium (Brassieaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 20: 157—163. - & H. Ohba. 2000. The status of Dimorphosternon and two new combinations in (Brassieaceae). Novon 10: 95-98. -& R. A. Price. 1998. Delimitation of the genus Nasturtium (Brassieaceae). Novon 8: 124—126. Guo, R. L. 1987. Nasturtium. In: T. Y. Cheo (editor), FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 33: 311—312. Science Press, Beijing. Huang, R. F. 1997. Cruciferae. In: S. W. Liu (editor), FI. Qinghai. 1: 410—505. Qinghai People’s Publishing House, Xining. Kuan. K. C. 1985. Nasturtium. In: C. Y. Wu (editor), FI. Xizang. 2: 377-379. Science Press, Beijing. Maximowicz, C. J. 1889. Historia naturalis itineruni N. M. Przewalski per Asiam centralum. Pars botanica, vol. 1, pp. 1-110 in FI. Tangutica. Imperial Academy of Sci¬ ences Press, St. Petersburg. Schulz, 0. E. 1933. Kurze Notizen iiber neue Gattungen, Sektionen und Arten der Cruciferen. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 66: 91-102. -. 1936. Cniciferae. In: A. Engler & K. Prantl (ed¬ itors), Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2., 17B: 227-658. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Ian, Z. M., Z. Q. Zhang, Y. Zhao & S. 1). Zhou. 1999. Cruciferae. In: Z. M. Tan (editor), FI. Sichuan. 14: 1- 181. Sichuan Nationality Press, Chengdu. Wang, W. T. 1993. Cruciferae. In: W. T. Wang et al. (ed¬ itors), Vascular Plants of the Hengduan Mountains 1: 618-652. Science Press, Beijing. The Chinese Endemic Neomartinella (Brassicaceae) Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Abstract. The previously monotypic Neomarti- nella is expanded to include two additional species. Neomartinella grandiflora is described as new, and the new combination N. yungshunensis is proposed. Neomartinella is revised, and its relationship to Eu- trema is discussed. When Leveille (1904) proposed the new genus Martinella, he was unaware that the name was a later homonym of Martinella Cooke & Massee of the Fungi Imperfecti (1889) and of Martinella Bail- Ion of the Bignoniaceae (1891). Leveille (1916) proposed Esquiroliella to replace his Martinella, but Pilger (1906) had already proposed Neomarti¬ nella ten years earlier. Neomartinella was placed by Schulz (1936) in the tribe Arabideae, a tribal disposition that was followed by Lan (1987) and Li et al. (1995). In my opinion, the closest relative of Neomartinella is Eu- trema R. Brown, a genus that Schulz (1924, 1936) placed in the tribe Sisymbrieae. Schulz (1936) de¬ pended primarily on the cotyledonary position to separate the Arabideae (cotyledons accumbent) from the Sisymbrieae (cotyledons incumbent), but this tribal distinction is clearly artificial, and both Eutrema and Neomartinella should be associated with Cardamine L., a genus that has been tradi¬ tionally placed in the Arabideae. In fact, it is some¬ times difficult to separate young plants of the three genera, and the characters that separate Cardamine from Neomartinella are discussed below. From Eu¬ trema, Neomartinella is readily distinguished by its annual habit, obcordate, apically emarginate petals, accumbent cotyledons, 16 to 40 ovules per ovary, and usually leafless scapes. By contrast, species of Eutrema are rhizomatous perennials with oblong- spatulate, apically obtuse petals, incumbent coty¬ ledons, 2 to 10 ovules per ovary, and leafy stems. The two genera resemble each other in having leaves with apiculate callosities that terminate the lateral veins, but in Neomartinella the callosities are restricted to the notches between the leaf teeth, whereas in Eutrema they occupy the apices of in¬ dividual leaf teeth. Other similarities include long petiolate basal leaves with palmate venation, non- saecate sepals, white petals, strongly dilated fila¬ ment bases, confluent nectar glands, nonapiculate anthers, usually terete and torulose fruits, and wingless uniseriate seeds. Although He and Lan (1997) proposed the new species Neomartinella guizhouensis S. Z. He & Y. C. Lan, this species name is definitely a new syn¬ onym of Eutrema tenue (Miquel) Makino, extending its range into Guizhou Province, China. Eutrema tenue grows in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Tibet (Xiz- ang). As delimited herein, Neomartinella consists of three species, of which one, N. grandiflora, is described as new, and another, N. yungshunensis, is transferred from Cardamine. The present revision is based on the examination of all available collec¬ tions in the major herbaria of China, Europe, and North America. Neomartinella Pilger, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 3: 134. 1906. Martinella H. Leveille, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 290. 1904, not Martinella Baillon (1891), not Mar¬ tinella Cooke & Massee (1889). Esquiroliella H. Leveille, Mondes Plantes, ser. 2, 18: 31. 1916. TYPE: Neomartinella violifolia (H. Lev¬ eille) Pilger. Herbs annual. Trichomes absent. Stems few to several from basal rosette, simple, leafy or leafless. Basal leaves long petiolate, rosulate, simple, pal- mately veined, margin crenate-repand or rarely subentire, with distinct apiculate callosities that terminate ultimate veins and occupy marginal notches. Cauline leaves absent or similar to basal. Racemes ebracteate, elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender, erect to divaricate. Sepals ovate or rarely oblong, spreading, base of inner pair not saccate. Petals white, spreading; blade obcordate, apex emarginate; claw absent. Stamens 6, spread¬ ing, subequal in length; filaments strongly dilated at base; anthers ovate, not apiculate at apex. Nectar glands confluent and subtending bases of all sta¬ mens; median nectaries present. Ovules 16 to 40 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear to oblong, terete or rarely slightly latiseptate, sessile; valves papery, with an obscure midvein, torulose; replum rounded, visible; septum complete, membranous, translucent, veinless; style absent or distinct and to 1 mm, cylindric or clavate; stigma capitate, entire. Novon 10: 337-339. 2000. 338 Novon Seeds uniseriate, wingless, oblong to orbicular, slightly flattened; seed coat minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. Three species: endemic to China. Key to the Species oe Neomartinella la. Stems leafy; style clavate .... 1 . N. yungshunensis lb. Stems leafless; style absent or cylindrie. 2a. Style absent or rarely to 0.2 mm long; sepals 1.5-2 mm long; petals 4—5.5 mm long; ovules 16 to 20 per ovary; fruit oblong-linear to oblong, 5—12 mm long; at least some flow¬ ers on solitary pedicels . 2. N. violifolia 2b. Style cylindrie, to 1—1.2 mm long; sepals ca. 3.5 mm long; petals ca. 8 mm long; ovules 30 to 40 per ovary; fruit linear, young ones longer; flowers in racemes . . 3. N. grandiflora 1. Neomartinella yungshunensis (W. T. Wang) Al-Shehbaz, comb. nov. Basionym: Cardamine yungshunensis W. T. Wang, Keys Vascular PI. Wuling Mts. 578. 1995. TYPE: China. Hunan: Yungshun, Xiaoxi, 480—520 m, 27 May 1988, Exped. Wulingshan 271 (holotype, PE). Herbs 20-41 cm tall, glabrous throughout. Stems erect, simple, leafy, few to several from base. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 3-11 cm long; leaf blade ovate or broadly so, 2-6 X 1-5 cm, base subeor- date to truncate, margin repand, with apiculate cal¬ losities to 0.5 mm, apex rounded to obtuse. Middle stem leaves similar to basal but smaller, often sub¬ entire. Infructescence a lax raceme, ebraeteate. Fruiting pedicels ascending, filiform, 1-2 cm long. Sepals ovate, 1.5-2 X 1-1.2 mm. Petals white, ob- cordate, 4—5 X 2-2.5 mm. Filaments white, 1.5—2 mm long; anthers ovate, 0.6—0.8 mm long. Ovules (20 to)30 to 40 per ovary. Fruit linear, (0.8-)1.5- 3.5 cm X 1—1.5 mm, terete, torulose; valves with an obscure midvein; style clavate, 0.6-1 mm long. Seeds oblong, slightly flattened, 0.8—1.1 X 0.6-0.7 mm. Flowering in April, fruiting in May. In his original description of Cardamine yung¬ shunensis, Wang (1995) indicated that the species is closely related to C. violifolia O. E. Schulz. How¬ ever, he overlooked the fact that the fruits in C. yungshunensis are terete and distinctly torulose, the valves do not dehisce explosively nor do they twist upon dehiscence, the replum is narrowly terete, and the floral parts (sepals, petals, and stamens) are spreading, whereas in Cardamine the fruits are flat¬ tened and not torulose, the valves dehisce explo¬ sively and become twisted, the replum is typically flattened or winged, and the floral parts are erect. Therefore, C. yungshunensis is perfectly at home in Neomartinella and not Cardamine. As indicated be¬ low, C. violifolia is often confused with Neomarti¬ nella violifolia, but careful examination of the char¬ acters above should readily distinguish the two genera. Specimens examined. CHINA. Hunan: Yungshun, Xiaoxi, Exped. Wulingshan 159 (PC); Yuanling Zian, Qim- eijie, Anonymous 35 (IBSC). 2, Neomartinella violifolia (H. L^veille) Pilger, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 3: 134. 1906. Martinella violifolia H. Leveill6, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 290. 1904. Esqui- roliella violifolia (H. L6veill6) H. Leveill6, Mondes Plantes, ser. 2, 18: 31. 1916. TYPE: China. Guizhou (as Kouy-Teheou): environs de Gan-pin, Parois du Ta-long, Tsin-gay, Mont Kao-tchay, 11 Feb. and 8 Mar. 1898, Martin & Bodinier 2069 (holotype, E; isotype, P). Herbs (4—)7-17(-20) cm tall, scapose, glabrous throughout. Stems erect, simple, leafless, few to several from base. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole (1.5—)3—10(-14) cm long; leal blade cordate to re- niform or suborbicular, (0.8-)1.5^4(-5) X (0.6-)l- 3.5(-4) cm, base cordate, margin crenate-repand or rarely subentire, with apiculate callosities to 1 mm, apex rounded to obtuse. Cauline leaves absent. Fruiting pedicels suberect to spreading, filiform, (l-)1.5-4(-7) cm long, a few solitary and originat¬ ing from center of rosette. Sepals ovate, 1.5-2 X 1—1.2 mm. Petals white, obcordate, 4-5.5 X 2-3 mm. f ilaments white, 1.5—2 mm long; anthers ovate, 0.4—0.5 mm long. Ovules 16 to 20 per ovary. Fruit oblong-linear to oblong, 5-12 X 1—1.5 mm, slightly compressed, subtorulose; valves with an ob¬ scure midvein; style absent or rarely to 0.2 mm long. Seeds suborbicular, slightly flattened, 0.6-0.9 mm diam. Flowering February—April, fruiting March-May. In the original description of Martinella violifol¬ ia, Leveill6 (1904) cited one collection, Martin & Bodinier 2069, that was made on two different dates, 11 February and 8 March 1898. Launer (1965) correctly indicated that the holotype is at E, and this specimen, which has two plants at different stages of fruit maturity, has both collection dates written on the label. It is assumed that the plant with young fruits, which should be selected as the type, was probably collected in March, while the one with only flowers was collected in February. The habit and leaves of Neomartinella violifolia strikingly resemble those of Cardamine violifolia and Eutrema yunnanense, and the three species can easily be misidentified. In fact, one collection from Sichuan, Farges s.n., is a mixture of all three spe- Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Al-Shehbaz New Species of Neomartinella 339 cies. Young plants of these species can he separat¬ ed as follows: N. violifolia has the apiculate callos¬ ities in the marginal notches (for an accurate illustration, see Ying et al., 1993), whereas both C. violifolia and E. yunnanense have these callosities at the apices of individual teeth. The last two spe¬ cies have leafy stems, and in C. violifolia the stem leaves are compound and minutely auriculate, whereas in E. yunnanense the stem leaves are al¬ ways simple and not auriculate at base. Neomartinella violifolia is reported herein for the first time from Hubei and Sichuan, and the species was not included in the floristic accounts of these provinces (Kuan, 1986; Tan et ah, 1999) or for Chi¬ na (Lan, 1987). One collection number, Cavalerie 3091 , was used for samples collected from Guizhou in 1910 and Yunnan in 1907. Specimens examined. CHINA. Guizhou: Tsin-gay, Mont Kao-tchay, hi horde & Bodinier 2069 his (P); Gan Chouen, Cavalerie 3091 (E, MO, P); Gan Pui, Esquirol 2027 (E, K, P). Hubei: Patung, Henry 5439 (K). Hunan: Tianping Shan. Anonymous 35 (KUN); Yuandao Dong, Anonymous 111 (KUN). Sichuan: Tchen Keou-Tin, Bar¬ ges s.n. (P); Nanchuan Xian. Jinfo Shan. Tan Da 91 (PE). Yunnan: Guanan Xian, Ma-kai. I Vang 87432 (KUN. PE); Yan-tze-dong, Wang 87565 (1BSC. KUN. PE); Pien-Jiang, Cavalerie 3091 (B. E, K. P. W). 3. Neomartinella granriiflora Al-Shehbaz, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Hunan: Jiulongan, damp places by stream banks, 600 m, 17 Apr. 1985, Luo Yibo 2121 (holotype, PE). Herba scaposa glabra. Folia basalia rosulata, longi-pe- tiolata. late ovata vel suborbiculata, crenato-repanda, cal- lis apiculiformibus in sinubus niarginis sitis; folia caulina carentia. Racerni ebraeteati; pedicellae fructiferae 1-1.5 cm longae. Sepala ca. 3.5 mm longa. Petala alba, anguste obcordata, ca. 8X3 mm. Ovarium 30- ad 40-ovulatum. Fructus immaturi lineari. ca. 2 cm X 1 mm, subtorulosi; stylum 1-1.2 mm longum. Semina ignota. Herbs ca. 15 cm tall, scapose, glabrous through¬ out. Stems erect, simple, leafless, few from base. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole 4-12 cm long; leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, 2-6 X 1.5—3.5 cm, base subcordate to subtruncate, margin cre- nate-repand, with apiculate callosities to 0.5 mm, apex rounded. Cauline leaves absent. Fruiting ped¬ icels suberect to ascending, 1-1.5 cm long, all on raceme. Sepals oblong, ca. 3.5 X 1.5 mm. Petals white, narrowly obcordate, ca. 8X3 mm. Fila¬ ments white, ca. 3.5 mm long; anthers ovate, ca. 0.6 mm long. Ovules 30 to 40 per ovary. Immature fruit linear, ca. 2 cm X 1 mm, subtorulose; style slender, 1—1.2 mm long. Mature seeds not seen. Flowering in April. Neomartinella grandiflora is known only from the two collections cited here. It has the largest flowers in the genus, and is readily distinguished from the other two species by the characters in the key above. Paratype. CHINA. Sichuan: Tchen-keou-tin, R. P. Fargen s.n. (P). Acknowledgments. I am grateful to Zhu Guan- ghua and Song Hong for their help in translating collection data from Chinese. I am equally indebted to Anthony R. Brach for his help with the literature. I thank the directors and curators of the herbaria cited in this paper. Literature Cited He, S. /. & Y. Z. Lan. 1997. A new species of Neomar¬ tinella Pilger (Cruciferae) from Guizhou, China. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 35: 73-75. Kuan, K. J. 1986. Cruciferae. In: S. Y. He (editor), FI. Hebei. 1: 512—554. Hebei People’s Press, Wuhan. Lan. Y. Z. 1987. Neomartinella. In: T. Y. Cheo (editor), FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 33: 251-253. Science Press, Beijing. Launer, L. A. 1965. Catalogue of the names published by Hector Leveille: III. Notes Roy. Bot. Card. Edinburgh 26: 333-346. Leveille, M. H. 1904. Nouveaut6s Chinoises, Cor£ennes et Japonaises. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 51: 289-292. -. 1916. Nouvelles combinaisons. Monde PL, ser. 2, 18(103): 31. Li. X. W. et al. 1995. Cruciferae. In: C. Y. Wu, C. Chen & S. K. Chen (editors), FI. Yunnan. 6: 1-121. Science Press. Beijing. Pilger, R. 1906. Cruciferae. In: A. Engler & K. Prantl (editors), Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Nachtrage 2-4, 3: 136-134. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Schulz, 0. E. 1924. Cruciferae—Sisymbrieae. In: A. Engler (editor), Pflanzenreich IV. 105(Heft 86): 1-388. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. -. 1936. Cruciferae. In: A. Engler (editor), Die na- ttirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2, 17B: 227-658. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Tan. Z. M., Z. Q. Zhang, Y. Zhao & S. D. Zhou. 1999. Cruciferae. In: Z. M. Tan (editor), EL Sichuan. 14: 1- 181. Sichuan Nationality Press, Chengdu. Wang, W. T. 1995. Cruciferae. Pp. 193-197, 578-579 in: W. T. Wang & Z. Y. Li (editors). Keys to the Vascular Plants of the Wuling Mountains. Science Press, Beijing. Ying, T. S., Y. L. Zhang & I). E. Boufford. 1993. The Endemic Genera of Seed Plants of China. Science Press, Beijing. Sinosophiopsis (Brassicaceae), a New Genus Endemic to China Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Abstract. The new genus Sinosophiopsis (Bras¬ sicaceae) is described, and its relationship to So- phiopsis is discussed. The new species Sinosophiop¬ sis bartholomewii is described, and the new combination S. heishuiensis is proposed. During the revision of Chinese Brassicaceae for the forthcoming volume 8 of the Flora of China, two species were initially set aside for future study. As the result of critical comparisons of these two taxa with most of those of the known Eurasian gen¬ era, the conclusion reached is it to place them in a new genus, hereafter known as Sinosophiopsis. Sinosophiopsis, which is endemic to China, is most closely related to the central Asian genus So- phiopsis. Both genera consist of annuals with in¬ cumbent cotyledons, reticulate and mucilaginous seeds, pinnatisect leaves, terete fruits, and branched trichomes. Sinosophiopsis is easily distin¬ guished by having white flowers, linear and strongly torulose fruits, angled and longitudinally striate stems, indumentum consisting of simple and forked trichomes, and ovaries (20 to)24- to 40-ovulate. By contrast, Sophiopsis has yellow flowers, elliptic, ob- ovate, or narrowly oblong, usually non-torulose fruits, terete stems, indumentum of primarily den¬ dritic trichomes only rarely mixed with simple ones, and ovaries 4- to 12(to 16)-ovulate. One of the two species assigned herein to Sino¬ sophiopsis was previously described by Wang (1987) as Cardamine heishuiensis, and that place¬ ment was followed by Tan et al. (1999) without fur¬ ther evaluation. Upon a casual examination of the species, it was immediately concluded that it should be excluded from Cardamine for two rea¬ sons. First, none of the approximately 200 species of this genus has branched trichomes, and second, all species of Cardamine have flattened repla, ex¬ plosively dehiscent fruits, and valves spirally coiled during dehiscence (Al-Shehbaz, 1988). Sinoso¬ phiopsis heishuiensis has a mixture of simple and forked trichomes, terete repla, non-explosively de¬ hiscent fruits, and valves remaining flat during fruit dehiscence. Full descriptions of both species of Si¬ nosophiopsis are provided to facilitate a direct com¬ parison. Because of the limited number of collections available for both species of Sinosophiopsis, little can be said about their overall variability. The two species are readily distinguished from each other by the characters listed in the key below. Sinosophiopsis Al-Shehbaz, gen. nov. TYPE: Si¬ nosophiopsis bartholomewii Al-Shehbaz. Herba annua, pilosa, trichomatibus simplicibus vel brevistipitatis furcatis. Caulis striatus. Folia caulina pe- tiolata, nonauriculata, pinnatisecta. Racemi multiflori, bracteati vel ebracteati. Sepala oblonga, nonsaccata. Pe- tala alba, spathulata, breviter unguiculata. Ovula (20-)24- 40. Fructus lineares, tereti, vakle tomlosi, stigmatibus in- tegris, septo completo. Semina oblonga, reticulata, uniseriata, mucilaginosa; cotyledones incumbentes. Annual herbs. Trie-homes a mixture of simple and short-stalked forked ones. Stems erect, simple or branched at base and above middle, angled and longitudinally striate at least distally. Basal leaves withered by anthesis. Cauline leaves petiolate, not auriculate at base, pinnatisect. Racemes many flowered, ebracteate or bracteate along proximal half, elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting ped¬ icels slender ascending to divaricate or reflexed. Sepals oblong, deciduous, ascending, base of inner pair not saccate, margin and apex membranous. Petals white, longer than sepals; blade spatulate, apex obtuse; claw distinct, shorter than sepals. Sta¬ mens 6, tetradynamous; filaments wingless, not di¬ lated at base; anthers ovate, not apiculate at apex. Nectar glands confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median nectaries present. Ovules (20 to)24 to 40 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, lin¬ ear, terete, not inflated; replum rounded, visible; septum complete, membranous, translucent, vein¬ less; style distinct, less than 1 mm, slender, cylin- dric, glabrous; stigma capitate, entire, unappenda- ged. Seeds uniseriate, wingless or apically winged, oblong, plump; seed coat coarsely reticulate, mu¬ cilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent. Two species: endemic to China (Qinghai, Sich¬ uan, Xizang) Key to the Species of Sinosophiopsis la. Raceme bracteate at least along proximal half; fruiting pedicels 1 —3(—4-) mm long; seeds wing¬ less; petals 2-2.5 X 0.7-1 mm. . 1. S. bartholomewii Novon 10: 340-343. 2000. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Al-Shehbaz Sinosophiopsis (Brassicaceae) 341 lb. Racemes ebracteate; fruiting pedicels (5—)7— 15 mm long; seeds apically winged; petals 4—5 X 1.5—2 mm.2. S. heishuiensis 1. Sinosophiopsis bartholomewii Al-Shehbaz, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Qinghai: Nangqen Xian, Larong Gou on E side of the Zi Qu, N of Jiangxi Forest Station and SE of Mozhong, 3450 m, 32°9'N, 97°3'E, 29 Aug. 1996, T. N. Ho, B. Bartholomew, M. Watson & M. G. Gil¬ bert 2621 (holotype, MO; isotypes, BM, CAS, E, GH, HNWP). Figure 1. Herba annua, (7-)13-55(-65) cm alta, sparse pilosa. Caulis longitudinaliter striatus, pilosus vel glabrescens. Folia caulina mediana pinnatisecta, 1.5—5.5 X 0.5—2.5 cm; 3—5 juga; petiolis 4—13 mm longis, nonauriculatis, segmentis terminalibus lanceolatis, ellipticis, vel oblongis, 0.7-2 cm X 3—7 mm. dentatis. Racemi in dimidio inferiori bracteati. Pedicelli Iructiferi 1 —3(—4) mm longi. Sepala ob- longa, 1-1.3 X 0.4-0.6 mm. nonsaccata. Petala alba, spa- thulata, 2-2.5 X 0.7—1 mm, breviter unguiculata. Ovula (20—)26—36. Fructus lineares, tereti, (1—) 1.5—2.5(—2.8) cm X 0.8— 1 (—1.2) mm, valde torulosi; stylo 0.1—0.3 mm lon- go. Semina oblonga, 0.8-1.1 X 0.5—0.6 mm. Annual herbs, (7—)13-55(—65) cm tall, sparse¬ ly pilose with a mixture of simple and short- stalked, 1-forked trichomes to 1 mm long. Stems erect, simple or branched along lower half, lon¬ gitudinally striate, pilose or glabrescent distally. Basal leaves withered by flowering. Middle cau- line leaves pinnatisect, 1.5-5.5 X 0.5-2.5 cm; petiole 4-13 mm long, not auriculate at base; ter¬ minal lobe lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, 0.7-2 cm X 3—7 mm, base decurrent with distal pair of lateral lobes, margin dentate, apex acute to sub¬ acuminate; lateral lobes 3 to 5 on each side of midvein, similar to terminal lobe but smaller. Up¬ permost cauline leaves with axillary flowers, un¬ divided, much smaller than middle leaves, mar¬ gin entire or denticulate. Raceme bracteate at least along proximal half. Fruiting pedicels as¬ cending to divaricate, 1—3(—4) mm long, straight, slender, glabrous or sparsely pilose. Sepals ob¬ long, 1—1.3 X 0.4—0.6 mm, glabrous or sparsely pilose, not saccate. Petals white, spatulate, 2-2.5 X 0.7—1 mm, base attenuate, apex obtuse; claw shorter than sepals. Median pairs of staminal fil¬ aments 1.5-1.8 mm long, lateral pair 1.1-1.3 mm long; anthers ovate, ca. 0.2 mm long. Ovules (20 to)26 to 36 per ovary. Fruit linear, (l-)1.5-2.5(- 2.8) cm X 0.8—1(—1.2) mm, terete; valves strong¬ ly torulose, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; style 0.1-0.3 mm long. Seeds brown, oblong, 0.8-1.1 X 0.5—0.6 mm, plump, strongly reticulate, wing¬ less. Phenology. Flowering and fruiting August and September. Habitat. Slopes with Picea likiangensis (Fran- chet) E. Pritzel forest, among shrubs and under trees, disturbed alpine meadows, slopes and ripar¬ ian areas along river bottoms; elevations 3450- 4100 m. Distribution. Endemic to China (Qinghai and Xizang). Sinosophiopsis bartholomewii is named in honor of Bruce Bartholomew (California Academy of Sci¬ ences), who organized two expeditions to Qinghai that led to the collection of this novelty, in recog¬ nition of more than two decades of devotion to Chi¬ nese botany. Paratypes. CHINA. Qinghai: Yushu Xian, Jiangxi Gou, E of Jiangxi Forest Station on E side of the Zi Qu, SE of Mozhong, 3620 m, 32°4'N, 97°2'E, 28 Aug. 1996, T. N. Ho. II. Bartholomew, M. Watson & M. G. Gilbert 2551 (CAS, HNWP, MO); Nangqen Xian, Xiaolong Gou, W of Nangqen on road to Domba, 4(X)0-4100 m, 32°17'N, 96°16'E, 3 Sep. 1996, T. N. Ho, B. Bartholomew, M. Wat¬ son & M. G. Gilbert 2808 (BM, CAS, E, GH, HNWP, MO); Nangqen Xian, along the Ba Qu towards the Xizang border from Beca Eorest Station, SE of Beea. 3790 m, 31°53'N. 96°3l'E, 8 Sep. 1996, T. N. Ho, B. Bartholomew, M. Wat¬ son & M. G. Gilbert 3000 (BM, CAS, E, GH, HNWP, MO). Xizang (Tibet): Changdu, 10 Aug. 1976, Anonymous s.n, (KUN). 2. Sinosophiopsis heishuiensis (W. T. Wang) Al- Shehbaz, comb. nov. Basionym: Cardamine heishuiensis W. T. Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9: 15. 1987. TYPE: China. Sichuan: Heishui, Lu- hwa, 2400 m, 16 July 1957, Li Xin 73629 (ho¬ lotype, PE; isotype, IBSC). Annual herbs 15—45 cm tall, sparsely pilose with a mixture of simple and short-stalked, 1- forked trichomes to 1 mm long. Stems erect, sev¬ eral branched along lower half, longitudinally stri¬ ate, pilose. Basal leaves withered by flowering. Middle cauline leaves pinnatisect, 1.2—4.5 X 1— 2.5 cm; petiole 3—15 mm long, not auriculate at base; terminal lobe lanceolate to elliptic or oblong, 0.3—2 cm X 2—12 mm, base decurrent with distal pair of lateral lobes or base short petiolulate, mar¬ gin dentate to subentire, apex acute to obtuse; lat¬ eral lobes 2 to 4 on each side of midvein, similar to terminal lobe but smaller. Uppermost cauline leaves much smaller and less divided than middle leaves. Raceme ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels di¬ varicate to reflexed, (5-)7-15 mm long, straight, slender, glabrous or sparsely pilose. Sepals ob¬ long, 1.5-2.3 X 0.8—1 mm, glabrous or sparsely pilose, not saccate. Petals white, spatulate, 4-5 X 1.5—2 mm, base attenuate, apex obtuse; claw 342 Novon Figure 1. Sinosophiopsis bartholomewii Al-Shehbaz. —A. Plant. —B. Stem trichomes. —C. Petal. —D. Median sta¬ men. —E. Fruit, fruiting pedicel, and bract. Drawn by Al-Shehbaz from the holotype ( T. N. Ho et al. 2621). Scale: A, E = 1 cm; B—D = 1 mm. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Al-Shehbaz Sinosophiopsis (Brassicaceae) 343 shorter than sepals. Median pairs of stamina! fil¬ aments 2-3 mm long, dilated, lateral pair 1-1.5 mm long; anthers ovate, 0.4-0.5 mm long. Ovules 24 to 40 per ovary. Fruit linear, 1.5-3 cm X 0.7- 1 mm, terete; valves strongly torulose, glabrous; style 0.4—1 mm long. Seeds brown, oblong, 1.2- 1.4 X 0.6—0.8 mm, plump, strongly reticulate, apieally winged. Phenology. Flowering and fruiting June and August. Habitat. Rock crevices; elevations 2100-2500 m. Distribution. Endemic to China (Sichuan). Additional specimens examined. CHINA. Sichuan: Pingwu Xian, Baima, Wu Zhengyi 832 (KUN); Heishui. I.uhua, Li Xin 73727 (PE). Acknowledgments. I am profoundly grateful to Bruce Bartholomew for sending his collections of the Brassicaceae from Qinghai (China) for my study. I am indebted to Henk van der Werff for correcting the Latin and to Guanghua Zhu and Song Hong for their help in translating herbarium labels from the Chinese. literature Cited Al-Shehbaz. I. A. 1988. The genera of Arabideae (Cru- ciferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 69: 85—166. Tan. Z. M.. Z. Q. Zhang, V. Zhao & S. D. Zhou. 1999. Cruciferae. In: Z. M. Tan (editor), El. Sichuan. 14: I- 181. Sichuan Nationality Press, Chengdu. Wang, W. T. 1987. Notulae de Cruciferis Hengduansha- nensibus. Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9: 1-19. Cochlearia cochlearioides (Brassicaceae) is a Rorippa Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Bengt Jonsell Bergius Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 50017, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden Abstract. The Indian endemic Cochlearia coch¬ learioides, initially described as an Alyssum, is transferred to Rorippa, and the new combination R. cochlearioides (Roth) Al-Shehbaz & Jonsell is pro¬ posed. Rorippa cochlearioides (Roth) Al-Shehbaz & Jon¬ sell is endemic to India. It has been known under different names in Cochlearia L. and first appeared as C. flava in Roxburgh (1814), but that name re¬ mained a nomen nudum until it was validated by Hooker (1852). The species was validly published by Roth (1821) as Alyssum cochlearioides, a legiti¬ mate name that was placed in synonymy of the later published and illegitimate C. alyssoides (De Can¬ dolle, 1824). Alyssum cochlearioides was then trans¬ ferred to the monotypic Trochiscus by Schulz (1933) and to Cochlearia by Maheshwari (1957), but it is evident that neither of these generic assignments is appropriate. Perhaps the main reason that Rorippa cochlear¬ ioides has been kept for so long in Cochlearia is that it has globose, many-seeded fruits. However, such fruits are found in several species of Rorippa Scopoli, including the Asian R. globosa (Turczani- now ex Fischer & C. A. Meyer) Hayek, the North American R. calycina (Engelmann) Rydberg, R. columbiae (Suksdorf ex Robinson) Suksdorf ex T. J. Howell, R. sphaerocarpa (A. Gray) Britton, and R. subumbellata Rollins, and the eastern Asian-North American R. barbariifolia (DC.) Kitagawa (Jonsell, 1971, 1973; Rollins, 1993). Plants of Rorippa cochlearioides grow in lowland, tropical and subtropical areas of India and are re¬ stricted to the Gujarat and Gangetic Plains (Bhau- mik, 1993). The species has pinnatifid, nonfleshy, auriculate cauline leaves, yellow flowers, spreading floral parts, terete fruits, obscurely veined thin valves, and up to 80 reddish, reticulate seeds per fruit. This combination of characters is found in many species of Rorippa and does not occur in any species of Cochlearia. Species of Cochlearia are distributed in the arctic, subarctic, and northern latitudes of the north temperate region, and they have more or less fleshy, entire to dentate nonaur- iculate leaves, white flowers, erect petals and sta¬ mens, somewhat narrowly septate fruits, promi¬ nently 1-veined thick valves, and often few to several, often tuberculate seeds per fruit. In fact, all the Himalayan species previously assigned to Cochlearia have been or should be transferred to other genera. It is interesting to note that Schulz (1936) placed Rorippa cochlearioides (as Trochiscus) in the tribe Drabeae, a tribe that he separated from the Ara- bideae primarily on the basis of silicles versus si- liques, although he indicated that Nasturtium R. Brown (including Rorippa) is an exception in the Arabideae because it often has silicles. By contrast, Bhaumik (1993) placed the species (as C. coch¬ learioides) in the Lepidieae, where Cochlearia has been traditionally placed. In our opinion, neither of these tribal dispositions of Rorippa cochlearioides reflects its phylogenetic relationships, and the spe¬ cies should be placed in the same tribe as Rorippa and Nasturtium. To accommodate the species in Rorippa, the following new combination is pro¬ posed. Rorippa cochlearioides (Roth) Al-Shehbaz & Jonsell, comb. nov. Basionym: Alyssum coch¬ learioides Roth, Nov. PI. Sp. 322. 1821. TYPE: India. Benjamin Heyne s.n. (holotype, B-W). Literature Cited Bhaumik, G. H. 1993. Lepidieae. In: B. I). Sharma & N. P. Balakrishnan (editors). FI. India 2: 188-214. Candolle, A. P. De. 1824. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, sive enumeralio contraeta ordinum generum specierumque plantarum hucusque cognitar- um, juxta methodi narualis norrnas digesta. Vol. 1. Treuttel et Wiirtz, Paris. Hooker, W. J. 1852. Cochlearia flava Buch. Icon. PL 9: t. 805. Jonsell, B. 1971. The genus Rorippa (Cruciferae) in east¬ ern Siberia and the Soviet Far East. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 65: 293-307. Novon 10: 344—345. 2000. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Al-Shehbaz & Jonsell Cochlearia cochlearioides (Brassicaceae) 345 -. 1973. Taxonomy and distribution of Rorippa (Cruciferae) in the southern 1J.S.S.R. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 67: 281-302. Mahesh wari, J. K. 1957. Some changes in the Flora of India. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 54: 804—805. Rollins, R. C. 1993. The Cruciferae of Continental North America. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford. Roth, A. W. 1821. Novae Plant arum species praesertim Indiae orientalis. Ex collectione Doct. Benj. Heynii cum descriptionibus et observationibus. Halberstadii. Roxburgh. W. 1814. Hortus Bengalensis, or a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Honourable East India Company’s Botanic Garden at Calcutta. Mission Press, Seram pore. Schulz, 0. E. 1933. Furze Notizen iiber neue Gattungen, Sektionen und Arten der Cruciferen. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 66: 91-102. -. 1936. Cruciferae. In: A. Engler & K. Prantl (ed¬ itors), Nat. Pflanzenfam.. ed. 2., 17B: 227-658. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. A Reconsideration of the Genus Eurycarpus (Brassicaceae) Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Yang Guang Piroche Plants, Inc., 20542 McNeil Road, Pitt Meadows, B.C., Canada V3Y IZ1 Abstract. The Himalayan (Tibet and adjacent Kashmir) endemic Eurycarpus is recognized, and the characters separating its two species from Christolea, Desideria, and Parrya are discussed. The new combination E. marinellii is proposed, and Christolea longmucoensis is reduced to synonymy of E. marinellii. In establishing the genus Eurycarpus, Botschan- tsev (1955) separated it from what was then the invalidly published genus Ermania Chamisso by the biseriate instead of uniseriate seeds, broadly lanceolate instead of linear fruits, entire instead of dentate leaves, and leafless instead of leafy scapes. However, he probably compared only the type spe¬ cies of both genera because most of these alleged differences do not hold if one compares Eurycarpus with the ten species that Botschantsev recognized in Ermania. Eight of the ten species of Ermania are presently assigned to Desideria Pampanini, and the remaining two, including the type of Ermania, belong to the earlier published Melanidion E. L. Greene. For a discussion on the invalidity of Er¬ mania and the generic limits of Desideria and Me¬ lanidion, see Al-Shehbaz (2000). Although the type species of Eurycarpus was originally described in Parrya R. Brown, the two genera are unrelated. Eurycarpus has at least some of the trichomes forked, nonsaccate lateral sepals, terete replums, wingless seeds, and entire stigmas, and it lacks the multicellular glands. By contrast, Parrya has exclusively simple trichomes or the plants are glabrous, strongly saccate lateral sepals, flattened replums, winged seeds, prominently 2- lobed stigmas with decurrent, connivent lobes, and often multicellular glands. Desideria differs from Eurycarpus by having den¬ tate, often palmately veined leaves, prominently veined valves with well-developed marginal veins, linear to linear-lanceolate fruits rectangular in cross section, valve apices persistently united with replum, obsolete styles, and 2-lobed stigmas. Eu¬ rycarpus has entire, pinnately veined leaves, ob¬ scurely veined valves without marginal veins, ob¬ long, elliptic, ovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate fruits narrowly elliptic in cross section, valve apices readily free from the replum at dehiscence, well- defined subconical styles, and minute, entire stig¬ mas. Jafri (1955) adopted a very broad generic con¬ cept of Christolea that included species presently assigned to six genera (Al-Shehbaz, 2000). He transferred Parrya lanuginosa J. D. Hooker & Thomson to Christolea, a species that Botschantsev (1955) designated as the type of Eurycarpus. Jafri’s account was followed rather closely by An (1987) and Kuan (1985). Eurycarpus is readily distin¬ guished from Christolea by having well-defined ro¬ settes, entire basal leaves, leafless stems, stalked- forked trichomes mixed with simple ones, biseriate seeds, obtuse anthers, basally dilated staminal fil¬ aments, slightly elongated infructescences, ami ob¬ scurely veined valves. Christolea lacks the basal leaves and rosettes, and it has dentate leaves, leafy stems, exclusively simple trichomes, uniseriate seeds, apiculate anthers, basally slender staminal filaments, considerably elongated infructescences, and prominently veined valves. In our opinion, these differences are significant, and they clearly support the recognition of Eurycarpus as a genus distinct from Christolea. Eurycarpus Botschantsev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 172. 1955. TYPE: Eurycarpus lanuginosus (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) Botschantsev. Herbs perennial, woolly to pilose; caudex slen¬ der, few branched. Trichomes simple mixed with stalked 1- to 3-forked ones. Stems erect, simple from rosette. Basal leaves petiolate, rosulate, sim¬ ple, entire. Stem leaves absent. Racemes several to many flowered, ebracteate, corymbose, elongated slightly in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender, divari¬ cate. Sepals oblong, deciduous, base of inner pair not saccate, margin membranous. Petals purple; blade spatulate, apex obtuse; claw subequaling se- Novon 10: 346-348. 2000. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Al-Shehbaz & Yang Guang Eurycarpus 347 pals. Stamens 6, tetradynamous; filaments dilated at base; anthers oblong, not apieulate at apex. Nec¬ tar glands 1, confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median nectaries present. Ovules 8 to 20 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent silicles, oblong, elliptic, ovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, strongly latisep- tate, subsessile; valves obscurely veined, glabrous, smooth; replum rounded, visible; septum complete or reduced to a rim, membranous, translucent; style to 0.5 mm long, subconical; stigma capitate, entire, minute. Seeds biseriate, wingless, oblong, plump or slightly flattened; seed coat minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent or accumbent. Two species: endemic to China (Tibet) and ad¬ jacent Kashmir. Key to the Species ok Eurycarpus la. Leaves lanuginose; fruits oblong-ovate to ovate- lanceolate; septum reduced to a rim; cotyledons accumbent . \. E. lanuginosus lb. Leaves pilose; fruits elliptic to oblong, rarely ovate-elliptic; septum complete; cotyledons in¬ cumbent .2. E. marinellii 1. Eurycarpus lanuginosus (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) Botschantsev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 172. 1955. Parrya lanuginosa J. D. Hooker & Thomson, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5: 136. 1861. Christolea lanuginosa (J. D. Hooker & Thom¬ son) Ovczinnikov, Sovetsk. Bot. 1941(1 & 2): 151. 1941. Ermania lanuginosa (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) 0. E. Schulz, Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 185. 1933. Christolea lanugi¬ nosa (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) Jafri, Notes Roy. Bot. Card. Edinburgh 22: 52. 1955. TYPE: China. Tibet [Xizang]: Lanjar, 17,500 ft., R. Strachey & J. E. Winterbottom 7 (holo- type, K; isotypes, BM, GH. K). Draba lanjarica (as laujarica ) 0. E. Schulz, Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 109. 1935. TV PE: same as that of Parrya lanuginosa (holotype. RM). Herbs 3—5 cm tall; caudex slender, few branched. Trichomes simple, to 1 mm long, mixed with distinctly stalked 1- to 3-forked ones. Stems densely villous. Basal leaves rosulate, fleshy; peti¬ ole 2-7 mm long, persistent, becoming papery; leaf blade suborbicular to spatulate to oblong-obovate, 5—10 X 2—6 mm, sublanate with forked trichomes, base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse to round¬ ed. Stem leaves absent. Racemes 8- to 15-flowered, ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, straight, 4— 7 mm long, densely villous. Sepals obong, 2—2.5 X 1—1.5 mm, pilose. Petals spatulate, ca. 5 X 2.5 mm, apex obtuse; claw ca. 2 mm long. Filaments of median stamens ca. 3 mm long, those of lateral stamens ca. 2 mm long; anthers oblong, ca. 0.6 mm long. Ovules ca. 8 per ovary. Fruit oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5—2.7 cm X 6—10 mm, strongly flattened; valves glabrous, smooth, with obscure midvein and marginal veins, obtuse at base, acute at apex; septum perforate, reduced to a rim; style subconical, 0.2—0.4 mm long; stigma minute, en¬ tire. Seeds biseriate, narrowly oblong, flattened, 2- 2.5 X 1—1.3 mm; cotyledons accumbent. Slopes; 5100-5300 m. China (Xizang). Schulz (1935) overlooked the fact that his Draba lanjarica is based on the same type collection as Parrya lanuginosa, a species that he (Schulz, 1933) transferred earlier to the invalidly published Er¬ mania. It is interesting to note that Schulz (1936) placed the same species in two genera of two dif¬ ferent tribes. He placed Draba in the tribe Drabeae and Ermania in the tribe Arabideae, and he sep¬ arated these tribes solely on the basis of having silic les in the Drabeae and siliques in the Arabi¬ deae. However, all students of the Brassicaceae readily admit that this distinction in fruit morphol¬ ogy is entirely artificial. Jafri’s (1955) new combination Christolea lanu¬ ginosa is invalid because it was proposed earlier by Ovczinnikov (1941). Jafri (1973) suggested that Eurycarpus lanuginosus (as Christolea) is probably conspecific with C. pumila (Kurz) Jafri and Erman¬ ia koelzii 0. E. Schulz. That the last two species are conspecific is correct, but as indicated by Al- Shehbaz (2000), they both belong to Desideria pum¬ ila (Kurz) Al-Shehbaz, a species clearly unrelated to E. lanuginosus. Other specimens examined. CHINA. Xizang: Zhada Xian, Northwest Institute of Biology Xizang Expedition 3916 (HNWP). 2. Eurycarpus marinellii (Pampanini) Al-Sheh¬ baz & G. Yang, comb. nov. Basionym: Braya marinellii Pampanini, Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1915: 29. 1915. TYPE: [Kashmir.] Karakorum, 5200 m, 27 June 1914, G. Danielli & 0. Mar- inelli s.n. (holotype, FI). Christolea longmucoensis V. H. Wu & Z. X. An, Acta Phy¬ totax. Sin. 32: 579. 1994. Syn. nov. TYPE: China. Xizang: Rutog, Longmu Co, 5380 m, 2 Sep. 1987, Karakorum-Kunlun Expedition 1302 (holotype, HNWP, listed originally as NWBI; isotypes, KUN, PE). Herbs 3-10 cm tall, pilose; caudex slender, lew branched. Trichomes simple, to 1 mm long, mixed with distinctly stalked 1-forked ones. Stems pilose. 348 Novon Basal leaves rosulate, subfleshy; petiole (l-)3- 10(—14) mm long, persistent, becoming papery; leaf blade spatulate to oblanceolate, rarely obovate, (2—)3—12(—15) X (l-)2-8 mm, pilose with simple and forked stalked trichomes, base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse to rounded. Stem leaves absent. Racemes (5 to)10- to 22-flowered, ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, straight, 4-8(-10) mm long, pilose. Sepals oblong, 2.2-3 X 1-1.5 mm, sparsely pilose. Petals purplish, spatulate, 5-6 X 2—2.5 mm, apex obtuse; claw ca. 2 mm long. Fil¬ aments of median stamens 2.5-3.5 mm long, those of lateral stamens 1.5—2.5 mm long; anthers oblong, 0.5—0.6 mm long. Ovules 12 to 20 per ovary. Fruit elliptic to oblong, rarely ovate-elliptic, (0.7-)l- 1.7(—2) cm X (4—)5-7 mm, strongly flattened; valves often purplish, glabrous, smooth, with ob¬ scure midvein and marginal veins, subacute at both ends; septum complete; style subconical, 0.2-0.5 mm long; stigma minute, entire. Seeds biseriate, narrowly oblong, not flattened, 2-2.5 X 0.8-0.9 mm; cotyledons incumbent. Alpine areas; 5300-5700 m. China (Xizang), Kashmir. In his account of Braya Sternberg & Hoppe, Schulz (1924) excluded B. marinellii Pampanini and did not assign it to another genus. Three years later, he (Schulz, 1927) transferred the species to Draba L. It appears that he never examined the type of this species because he (Schulz, 1933) cited two of the collections above, Pike 832 and Thorold 34, as Ermania lanuginosa, whereas Jafri (1973) cited them as Christolea lanuginosa. Evidently, Schulz and Jafri failed to distinguish Eurycarpus marinellii from E. lanuginosus. The latter is readily distinguished by having woolly leaves, oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate fruits, perforated septum re¬ duced to a rim, and accumbent cotyledons. Eury- carpus marinellii has pilose leaves, elliptic to ob¬ long or rarely ovate-elliptic fruits, complete septum, and incumbent cotyledons. The original description and illustration of Chris¬ tolea longmucoensis (Wu & An, 1994) include sev¬ eral inaccuracies. The leaf trichomes were illus¬ trated and described as stellate and forked. An examination of the type collection and the others cited below reveals that the leaves have simple and once-forked trichomes. The fruit valve was shown to be with a prominent midvein when in fact it is obscurely veined. Although the cotyledons were correctly illustrated as incumbent, they were de¬ scribed as accumbent. Finally, these authors cited only the type collection, which has no flowers. The description of the sepals as 5—6 mm long is also inaccurate. Wu and An (1994) compared Christolea longmucoensis with C. stewartii, but the latter spe¬ cies belongs to the unrelated Desideria (Al-Sheh- baz, 2000). Other specimens examined. CHINA. Xizang: Rutog, Guliya, Li Bosheng & Zheng Du 10975 (PE); Longmucuo Xian, Qinghai-Xizang Team 13016 (MO, PE); Ritu Xian, Duoma, Qinghai-Xizang Team 76-9060 (KUN); E of Hor- pa fsu, Pike 832 (K); without locality, Thorold 34 (K). Acknowledgments. We are grateful to Zhu Guanghua and Song Hong for their help in the translation of Chinese herbarium labels and to Ta¬ tyana Shulkina for help with the Russian literature. We thank the directors and curators of the herbaria cited in this paper. Literature Cited Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 2000. A review of gamosepaly in the Brassicaceae and a revision of Desideria, with a critical evaluation of related genera. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 87: 549—563. An, Z. X. 1087. Christolea. In: T. Y. Cheo (editor), FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 33: 289-299. Sc hence Press, Beijing. Botschantsev, 1955. I)e Cruciferis notae crilicae. Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 160-178. Jafri, S. M. H. 1955. Christolea: With special reference to the species in N.W. Himalayas, W. Pakistan and Af¬ ghanistan. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 49-59. -. 1973. Brassicaceae. In: E. Nasir & S. I. Ali (ed¬ itors), H. West Pakistaii 55: 1—308. Ferozsons, Karachi. Kuan, K. C. 1985. Cruciferae. In: C. Y. Wu (editor), El. Xizang. 2: 323—411. Science Press. Beijing. Ovczinnikov, P. N. 1941. Sibhaldia tetrandra Bge., on the problem of the origin of cryophil vegetation in Central Asia. Sovetsk. Bot. 1941(1 & 2): 145-152. Schulz, 0. E. 1924. Cruciferae-Sisymbrieae. In: A. Engler (editor). Pflanzenreich IV. 105 (Heft 86): 1-388. Wil¬ helm Engelmann, Leipzig. . 1927. Cruciferae— Draba et Erophila. In: A. En¬ gler (editor), Pflanzenreich IV. 105 (Heft 89): 1-396. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. -. 1933. Cber verschiedene Cruciferen. Reperl. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 183-191. -. 1935. Neue Cruciferen-Arten. II. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 38: 108-109. -. 1936. Cruciferae. In: A. Engler & K. Prantl (ed¬ itors), Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2.. 17R: 227-658. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Wu, Y. H. & Z. X. An. 1994. Two new species of Chinese Christolea. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 32: 577-580. A Revision of the Chinese Endemic Orychophragmus (Brassicaceae) Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Yang Guang Piroche Plants, Inc., 20542 McNeil Road, Pitt Meadows, B.C., Canada V3Y 1Z1 Abstract. Orychophragmus consists ot two species endemic to China. The new combination 0. limpri- chtianus is proposed. Cardamine hickinii and Alliaria grandifolia are reduced to synonymy of 0 . limpri- chtianus, and C. potentillifolia, 0. diffusus, and (). taibaiensis are reduced to synonymy of 0 . violaceus. During the revision of the Brassicaceae for the Flora of China, it became quite clear that the limits of some of the Chinese species of Alliaria Heister ex Fabrieius and Cardamine L. have been con¬ fused, and such taxa are more appropriately placed in Orychophragmus. Although Orychophragmus is endemic to China, Ying et al. (1993) did not in¬ clude it in their work of the endemic Chinese gen¬ era. Perhaps they were influenced by Schulz (1923, 1936) who recognized two species, 0. violaceus (L.) 0. E. Schulz (China) and 0. winkleri (Regel) 0. E. Schulz (Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uz¬ bekistan), of which the latter was appropriately placed by Botschantsev (1966) and Hedge (1968) in Spryginia Popov. The latter differs from Orycho¬ phragmus by having the median filaments connate throughout, flattened fruits, and incumbent cotyle¬ dons. By contrast, Orychophragmus has all fila¬ ments free, terete or slightly 4-angled fruits, and conduplicate cotyledons. As herein delimited, Orychophragmus consists of two species. One of these, O. violaceus, is highly variable, and several of its segregates have been recognized as distinct species. The second species, 0. limprichtianus, was previously described as Car¬ damine or Alliaria, but as shown below, it belongs to Orychophragmus because it has conduplicate cotyledons, a feature characteristic of the tribe Brassieeae and not known in any other native Chi¬ nese species of the Brassicaceae. Orychophragmus was excluded by Gomez-Campo (1980) from the Brassieeae because (p. 5) it has “somewhat con¬ duplicate cotyledons.” However, we have examined the cotyledonary position in both species of the ge¬ nus and found them to be typically conduplicate. as in the vast majority of the tribe. Recent studies by Anderson and Warwick (1999), using two phy- logenetically informative isozyme duplications, supported the inclusion of Orychophragmus in the tribe Brassieeae. The Brassieeae are a monophy- letic tribe readily distinguished from the rest of the Brassicaceae by having conduplicate cotyledons and/or transversely segmented (heteroarthrocar- pous) fruits (Al-Shehbaz, 1985), though such fruits are lacking in Orychophragmus. Although Orychophragmus violaceus differs sub¬ stantially from O. limprichtianus in flower size (see key) and in having auriculate instead of non-auricu- late cauline leaves, the two species belong to the same genus because they have similar basal leaf morphol¬ ogy (e.g., not rosulate, long petiolate, with leafletlike lateral lobes, base often cordate, margin coarsely cre- nate with teeth ending in apiculae), pilose indumen¬ tum of simple trichomes, saccate lateral sepals, apic- ulate anthers, decurrent 2-lobed stigmas, oblong and alveolate-reticulate seeds, and conduplicate cotyle¬ dons. The differences in flower size and color prob¬ ably are adaptations to different pollinators. Perhaps one of the most interesting things is that Orychophragmus limprichtianus was treated as two species, one each placed in Cardamine of the tribe Arabideae and Alliaria of the Sisymbrieae (An, 1987; Cheo, 1987; Zhang, 1993). However, the ap¬ propriate generic placement of this species in Or¬ ychophragmus and the affiliation of the genus to the tribe Brassieeae were overlooked because these au¬ thors did not examine the cotyledonary position. In light of these findings, the genus Orychophragmus is revised, and detailed descriptions are provided for it and its two species. Orychophragmus Bunge, Mem. Acad. Sci. Saint Petersbourg 2: 81. 1835. TYPE: Orychophrag¬ mus violaceus (L.) O. E. Schulz. Herbs annual, biennial, or rhizomatous peren¬ nial. Trichomes absent or simple. Stems erect to Novon 10: 349-353. 2000. 350 Novon ascending. Basal leaves petiolate, not rosulate, sim¬ ple or pinnatisect and with 1 to 6 leaflet-like lateral lobes on each side. Cauline leaves petiolate or ses¬ sile, not auriculate or aurieulate to amplexicaul at base, entire, dentate, crenate, or serrate, sometimes with 1 to 4 lateral lobes. Racemes ebracteate, elon¬ gated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender or stout, divaricate to recurved. Sepals oblong or linear, erect or ascending, base of inner pair slightly to strongly saccate, margin membranous. Petals pur¬ ple, lavender, or white; blade obovate to narrowly obeordate, apex rounded or emarginate; claw ob¬ scurely to strongly differentiated from blade, short¬ er than to as long as sepals. Stamens 6, tetrady- namous; filaments dilated at base; anthers oblong or linear, apiculate at apex. Nectar glands 2; me¬ dian nectaries absent; lateral nectaries semiannular or annular. Ovules 20 to 70 per ovary. Fruit dehis¬ cent siliques, linear, terete or somewhat 4-angled, sessile or short stipitate, unsegmented; valves leathery, with an obscure or prominent midvein, glabrous or rarely hairy, smooth or torulose; replum rounded, visible; septum complete, membranous, opaque, veinless; style distinct; stigma capitate, 2- lobed, lobes free, decurrent. Seeds uniseriate, wingless, oblong, plump; seed coat alveolate-retic¬ ulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons conduplicate. Two species: endemic to China. Kky to the Speciks of Orychophragmus la. Cauline leaves auriculate to amplexicaul; sepals linear, erect, (6—)8—13(—16) mm long, base of lateral pair strongly saccate; petals deep purple to laven¬ der or rarely white, (12—) 16—25(—32) mm long, apex rounded, claw well differentiated and as long as sepals; anthers linear, (3—)4—6(—3) mm long; style (3—) 7 —30(—55) mm long. 1.0. violaceus lb. Cauline leaves not auriculate; sepals oblong, as¬ cending, 2-3.5 mm long, base of lateral pair slightly saccate; petals white, (6-)7-9 X 3-6 mm, apex shallowly emarginate, claw obscurely differentiated and shorter than sepals; anthers oblong, 1-1.5 mm long; style 1-3 mm long . . . .2. O. limprichtianus 1. Orychophragmus violaceus (L.) 0. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54 (Beibl. 119): 56. 1916. Brassica violacea L., Sp. PI. 2: 667. 1753. TYPE: China (holotype, LINN not seen). Cardamine potentillifolia H. L£veill£, Mem. Heal Acad. Cienc. Art. Barcelona 12: 548. 1916. Syn. nov. TYPE: China. Jiangsu, Ton-Zouo-Ze, 12 Mar. 1863, d'Argy s.n. (holotype, E). Orychophragmus diffuses Z. M. Tan & J. M. Xu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36: 547. 1998. Syn. nov. TYPE: Chi¬ na. Zhejiang: Yuhang, 300 m, I June 1995, Z. M. Tan et al. 95-16 (holotype, SZ). Orychophragmus taibaiensis Z. M. Tan & B. Z. Zhao, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36: 544. 1998. Syn. nov. TYPE: Chi¬ na. Shaanxi: Meixian, Mt. Taibai, 1150 m, 2 July 1995, Z. M. Tan & B. X. Zhao 95—54 (holotype, SZ). Herbs annual or biennial, (6-)15-60(-90) cm tall. Stems erect, simple or branched at base, often branched above, straight, glabrous or sparsely to densely pilose. Basal leaves not rosulate; petiole (1—)2—8(—11) cm long; blade or terminal leaf lobe cordate, reniform, broadly ovate, or suborbicular, (0.4—)1.5—10(—14) X (0.3—)1^1(—7) cm, glabrous or pilose, base cordate or rarely obtuse, margin coarsely crenate with teeth ending in apiculae, apex acute to obtuse; lateral lobes 1 to 6 on each side, sessile or petiolulate, to 3 X 2 cm, sometimes absent. Uppermost stem leaves auriculate to am¬ plexicaul, sessile or petiolate, (0.5-)2-9(-15) X (0.2-)l-6(-9) cm, margin coarsely and irregularly dentate, rarely entire, apex acute to acuminate; au¬ ricles to 3 X 4 cm; lateral lobes absent or 1 to 4 on each side, sessile or petiolulate. Fruiting pedi¬ cels divaricate, glabrous or pilose, narrower than fruit, (0.6-)0.8-2(-3) cm long. Sepals linear, erect, connivent, (0.6-)0.8-1.3(-1.6) cm X 1.5-2.5 mm, base of lateral pair strongly saccate. Petals deep purple to lavender or rarely white, broadly obovate, (1-2—)1.6—2.5(—3.2) cm X (4-)5-9(-ll) mm, apex rounded; claw as long as sepals. Filaments white to purple, erect, 0.8-1.8 cm long; anthers linear, (3—)4—6(-8) mm long, distinctly apiculate. Ovules (20 to)40 to 70 per ovary. Fruits narrowly linear, stout, terete or somewhat 4-angled, (3-)4.5-ll(-13) cm X 1.5—3 mm; valves glabrous or densely hir¬ sute, torulose, usually with a prominent midvein; style (0.3-)0.7-3(-5.5) cm long; stigma slightly to distinctly 2-lobed and with decurrent lobes. Seeds oblong, 2-3(-3.5) X 1—2 mm; cotyledons condu¬ plicate. 2 n = 24. Phenology. Flowering March through June; fruiting May through July. Habitats. Roadsides, gardens, forests, fields, thickets, valleys, hillsides; near sea level to 1300 m. Distribution. Endemic to China and distributed in the provinces of Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, and Zhejiang. Naturalized in Japan. Orychophragmus violaceus is probably one of the most variable Chinese species of Brassicaceae. The variation is most dramatic in leaf morphology, es¬ pecially in leaf size and margin, number of lateral lobes of cauline leaves, and size of auricles. Some authors (e.g.. Tan et al., 1998) recognized three ad¬ ditional species, while others (e.g., Schulz, 1923) Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Al-Shehbaz & Yang Guang Revision of Orychophragmus 351 recognized one species with five varieties. In some collections (e.g., Henry 3411) all the leaves are simple, whereas in others (e.g., the three type col¬ lections of O. violaceus var. homaeophyllus (Hanee) 0. E. Schulz, var. hupehensis (Pampanini) 0. E. Schulz, Cardamine potentillifolia ) all leaves have lateral, leaflet-like lobes. Other collections of the species fall between these two leaf morphs. The type of O. taibaiensis has uppermost leaves with minute auricles and no lateral lobes, and in Wu 92— 855 (MO) the lateral flowering branches have pet- iolate leaves without any auricles. In conclusion, these segregates of O. violaceus represent only a small fraction of the overall variability of the spe¬ cies, and we hope that the taxonomy of the species will not be confused any further by according for¬ mal recognition to additional variants. Orychophragmus violaceus is also quite variable in flower size and fruit and style length. The short¬ est styles (ca. 3 mm) were observed in Henry 1998 (GH, US) and the longest (ca. 55 mm) were in Bouf- ford et al. 26131 (MO). Such long styles are among the longest observed in the entire Brassicaceae, reaching to 3(5.5) cm (Al-Shehbaz, pers. obs.). The fruit length depends on the original number of ovules per locule and the number maturing into seeds. The shortest fruits (ca. 3 cm long) were ob¬ served in Togashi s.n. (A), the longest (ca. 13 cm) in Deng 11005 (MO). Finally, the smallest flowers (ca. 1.2 cm long) were observed in the type of Car¬ damine potentillifolia and Hangzhou Bot. Gard. 884 (MO). The largest (ca. 3.2 cm long) were found in Farges 1330 (GH, P, US), Wilson 220 (A, NY), and Feng 51 (GH). The variation in these characters, however, is continuous between the extremes, and one often finds a wide range of forms within a single collection. Furthermore, the variation does not seem to follow any geographical lines. As a result of examining several hundred specimens, we prefer to recognize a highly variable species without any infraspecific taxa. Forms with pubescent fruits, which occur spo¬ radically throughout most of the species range, were recognized as Orychophragmus violaceus var. lasio- carpus Migo. However, these often occur mixed with glabrous forms in the same population, as evi¬ denced from Wang 96001 and Wang 96068 (both at MO), which were collected in one area. The measurements of every part of the plant giv¬ en by Tan et al. (1998) for Orychophragmus tai¬ baiensis and O. diffusus fall exactly within the gen¬ eral range of variation of typical plants of 0. violaceus, and therefore the first two are reduced to synonymy of the last. These authors were mistaken in designating a neotype for their new combination O. hupehensis, and it seems that they overlooked the fact that Pampanini (1910) cited under his 0. sonchifolius var. hupeheusis a single collection (Sil- vestri 803), which is the holotype that we had on loan from FI. Hector Leveille (see Launer, 1965) described a few variants of this species as Arabis L., Cardamine L., and Raphanus L., but failed in all cases to dis¬ cover that he was dealing with one polymorphic species. Launer (1965) was correct in reducing Leveille’s Arabis chanetii to synonymy of Orycho¬ phragmus violaceus. He was also correct in exclud¬ ing Cardamine potentillifolia from Cardamine, but he failed to associate the species with 0 . violaceus. Because of its rich seed oil contents, attempts are made to domesticate Orychophragmus violaceus as a crop plant (Peng et al., 1995; Huang et al., 1999). The species is also grown as an ornamental plant and sometimes escapes from cultivation and becomes naturalized. Representative specimens examined (the holdings of the species in the major Chinese, American, and European herbaria are enormous, and only the specimens repre¬ senting some of the morphological extremes are cited). CHINA. Anhui: Shucheng Xian. Deng 11005 (MO). Hen¬ an: Neixiang Xian. Baotianman Nature Reserve, Yinghu Guo, 33°22'N, I 11°53'E, Boufford, Liu, Ying, Zhang & Zhu 26131 (A, E, GH). Hubei: Nanto, Wilson 220 (A, NY); without locality, Henry 1998 (GH. US). Henry 3411 (GH, US). Jiangsu: Nanjing Botanical Garden. Wang 96001, 96068 (MO); Soochow, Feng 51 ((iff). Shaanxi: Taibaishan, Wu 92—855 (MO). Sichuan: Tchen-keou-tin, Farges 1130 (GH, P, US). Zhejiang: Yuhang Xiang, Hangzhou Bot. Garden Team 884 (MO). JAPAN (natural¬ ized): Tokyo, Sibguya-ku, Jingumae, 18 May 1971. Toga¬ shi s.n. (A). 2. Orychophrafjmus liinprichtianus (Pax) Al- Shehbaz & G. Yang, comb. nov. Basionvm: Cardamine limprichtiana Pax, Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cutl. 89, Abt. 2: 27. 1911. TYPE: China. Zhejiang: Ningpo, 500 m, 18 Apr. 1911, W. Limpricht 18 (holotype, WRSL). Cardamine hickinii O. E. Schulz, Repert. Spec. Nov. Reg- ni Veg. 17: 289. 1921. Syn. nov. TYPE: China. Zhe¬ jiang: Hangchou. H. j. Hickin s.n. (holotype. K; frag¬ ments, B). Alliaria grandifolia Z. X. An. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 396. 1985. Syn. nov. TYPE: China. Zhejiang: Changhua, Yunxiwu, 2 June 1957, He Xianyu 23442 (holotype, NAS, as JSBI). Herbs annual or perennial, (12—)25—45(—80) cm tall. Stems erect, simple at base, often branched above, somewhat flexuous, glabrous or sparsely to densely pilose with trichomes to 1.5 mm long. Basal leaves not rosulate, simple or with 1 to 3 lateral lobes on each side; petiole (3—)5—15(—18) cm long. 352 Novon flattened at base; blade or terminal leal lobe cor¬ date to broadly so, (2—)4—8(—10) X (1.5—)2.5-6(-8) cm, glabrous or sparsely to densely subappressed pilose abaxially, glabrous or sparsely pilose adaxi- ally, sometimes ciliate, base cordate or rarely cor¬ date-truncate, margin coarsely crenate with teeth ending in apiculae, apex acute to acuminate; lateral lobes sessile or petiolulate, 0.1—3 X 0.03-2 cm, sometimes absent. Uppermost stem leaves petio- late, much smaller to much larger than basal ones and up to 18 X 11 cm, base not auriculate, margin coarsely and irregularly dentate, rarely crenate, apex caudate to acuminate. Fruiting pedicels di¬ varicate to recurved, glabrous or pilose, narrower than fruit, (0.5—) 1—3(—3.5) cm long. Sepals oblong, ascending, 2-3.5 X 1—1.5 mm, base slightly sac¬ cate. Petals white, broadly obovate to narrowly ob- cordate, (6-)7—9 X 3—6 mm, apex shallowly emar- ginate; claw obscurely differentiated, shorter than sepals. Filaments white, erect, 2.5-3.5 mm long; anthers oblong, 1—1.5 mm long, minutely apiculate. Ovules 20 to 35 per ovary. Fruits narrowly linear, stout, terete, (2—)3—6 cm X 1.5—2 mm; valves gla¬ brous or sparsely pilose, strongly torulose, incon¬ spicuously veined; style terete, 1-3 mm long; stig¬ ma 2-lobed, slightly decurrent. Seeds oblong, 2-3 X 0.8—1.2 mm; cotyledons conduplicate. Phenology. Flowering March through May; fruiting April through June. Habitats. Grassy areas along streams, moist slopes, roadsides, rocky slopes; 300-1200 m. Distribution. Endemic to China in the provinc¬ es of Anhui and Zhejiang. The type collections of Cardamine limprichtiana and C. hickinii have no mature fruits, and one sus¬ pects that Pax (1911) and Schulz (1921) assigned their species to Cardamine because the basal leaves have lateral, leaflet-like lobes, a feature quite common in Cardamine (Schulz, 1903), though it is also found in Rorippa and Nasturtium R. Brown (Al-Shehbaz & Price, 1998), Yinshania Y. C. Ma & Y. Z. Zhao (Al-Shehbaz et al., 1998), and Orychophragmus (Schulz, 1923). However, the two species do not belong to Cardamine because their replum is terete and the fruit valves are curved and strongly torulose, features that are found in Ory¬ chophragmus. Cardamine has flattened fruits with straight and non-torulose (smooth) valves. It also differs from Orychophragmus by having accumbent instead of conduplicate cotyledons. Although the type of Alliaria grandifolia has ma¬ ture seeds with conduplicate cotyledons. An (1985) did not mention anything about this cotyledonary position. Had he observed the cotyledons, it is very likely that he would have assigned the species to Orychophragmus instead of Alliaria. Alliaria con¬ sists of two species, of which A. petiolata (Bieber- stein) Cavara & Grande is a European and South¬ west Asian weed now naturalized worldwide, and A. brachycarpa Bieberstein is endemic to the Cau¬ casus (Al-Shehbaz, 1988). Alliaria is readily sep¬ arated from Orychophragmus by having longitudi¬ nally striate seeds with incumbent cotyledons instead of minutely reticulate seeds with condupli¬ cate cotyledons. The two genera superficially re¬ semble each other in having cordate, dentate or crenate basal leaves, petiolate cauline leaves, elon¬ gated fruits, and white flowers. Orychophragmus limprichtianus is highly vari¬ able in the density of leaf indumentum, the size of uppermost leaves, and the number of lateral lobes on the basal leaves. Glabrous or very sparse¬ ly pilose forms with large uppermost leaves and rudimentary or no lateral lobes on basal leaves were described as Alliaria grandifolia, whereas moderately to densely pilose forms with smaller uppermost leaves and one to three pairs of lateral leaf lobes were recognized as Cardamine limpri¬ chtiana and C. hickinii. There are transitional forms between the two extremes in each of these three characters. In every other aspect of the plant, including flower size, margin of basal leaves, fruit and seed size and shape, length and orientation of fruiting pedicels, cotyledonary type, nature of the fruit valve (inconspicuously veined, torulose) and replum (terete), and flexuous stems, A. grandifolia, C. limprichtiana, and C. hickinii are indistinguishable. Therefore, we consider them as nonspecific. Specimens examined. CHINA. Anhui: San Yang, An¬ hui Team 1665 (PK); Ji Xi, Deng 90030 (NAS); (Ji Yun Shan, Shoo Jiangzhang 82111 (PE); without locality, Deng 115 (NAS); Xian Sanyan, Dong 52 (MO). Zhejiang: Chun An. Hong 841 (MO), Hong 904 (MO); Hangzhou, Hang¬ zhou Botanical Garden Team 923 (MO), Zhang Shaorao 2369 (PE), He Xianyu 174 (IHSC); Ling Yinsze, Merrill 2891 (K); Chang Hua, Chiu 570 (MO), Hangzhou Botan¬ ical Garden Team 433 (MO), Anonymous 28598 (PE). He Xianyu 22948 (IBSC, PE); Xian Ju, Chang 7955 (MO); Tong Lu, Hong 1976 (MO); Ed I,ai Shan, Chang 1869 (MO); without locality, Barchet 36 (US); An Ji, Deng 90143 (MO); His-Tienmu Shan, 23 Apr. 1936, Migo s.n. (NAS). Acknowledgments. We thank Zhu Guanghua, Song Hong, and Bao Bojian for their help in trans¬ lating collection data from Chinese, and Anthony R. Brach for his help with the literature. We are grateful to Suzanne I. Warwick for her critical re¬ view of the manuscript. We thank the directors and curators of the herbaria cited in this paper. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Al-Shehbaz & Yang Guang Revision of Orychophragmus 353 Literature Cited Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1985. The genera of Brassiceae (Cru- ciferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. ,|. Arnold Arbor. 66: 279—351. -. 1988. The genera of Sisymbrieae (Cruciferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. .1. Ar¬ nold Arbor. 69: 213—237. - & B. A. Price. 1998. Delimitation of the genus Nasturtium (Brassicaceae). Novon 8: 124—126. -, G. Yang, I.. L. Lu & T. Y. Cheo. 1998. Delimi¬ tation of the Chinese genera Yinshania, Hilliella , and Cochleariella (Brassicaceae). Harvard Pap. Bot. 3: 79- 94. An. Z. X. 1985. New taxa of Cruciferae. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 396-397. -. 1987. Sisymbrieae. In: T. Y. Cheo (editor), FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 33: 396—453. Science Press, Beijing. Anderson, J. k. & S. 1. Warwick. 1999. Chromosome num¬ ber evolution in the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae): ev¬ idence from isozyme number. PI. Syst. Evol. 215: 255— 285. Botsehantsev, V. 1966. De cruciferis notae criticae, 5. No- vosti Sisl. Vyssli. Bast. 1966: 122—139. Cheo, T. Y. 1987. Cardamine. In: T. Y. Cheo (editor), FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 33: 184—231. Science Press, Beijing. Gomez-Campo, C. 1980. Morphology and morphotaxono- my of the tribe Brassiceae. Pp. 3—31 in S. Tsunoda, K. Hinata & C. Gomez-Campo (editors). Brassica Crops and Wild Allies. Japan Scientific Societies Press, To¬ kyo. Hedge. 1. 1968. Brassiceae. In: k. H. Reehinger (editor), FI. Iranica 57: 33—61. Akademische Druck-u. Verlag- sanstalt. Graz. Huang, B. (,)., P. Luo & Y. W. Li. 1999. Domestication and cultivation of Orychophragmus violaceus as a new' oil crop in China. Cruciferae Newslett. 21: 13—14. Launer, L. A. 1965. Catalogue of the names published by Hector Leveille: III. Notes Roy. Rot. Card. Edinburgh 26: 333-346. Pampanini, R. 1910. Le piante vascolari raccolte dal Rev. P. C. Silvestri nell’Hu-peh durante gli anni 1904-1907. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. ltal. 18: 223—298. Pax, F. A. 1911. Einige interessante Pflanzen aus der kar- pathenflora. Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 89, Abt. 2: 26-27. Peng, L., Z. L. Chen & Z. (,). Gin (editors). 1995. Studies on the plant genetic resources of Orychophragmus vio¬ laceus. Sichuan Univ. Press, Chengdu. Schulz, 0. E. 1903. Monographic der Gattung Cardamine. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 280-623. -. 1921. Neue asiatische Crueiferen. Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 289-290. -. 1923. Cruciferae—Brassiceae. In: A. Engler (ed¬ itor). Pflanzenreich IV. I05(lleft 84): 1-100. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. -. 1936. Cruciferae. In: A. Engler (editor). Die Na- tiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2, 17B: 227—658. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann. Leipzig. Tan, Z. M„ J. M. Xu, B. X. Zhao & X. I.. Zhang. 1998. New taxa of Orychophragmus (Cruciferae) from China. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36: 544—548. Ying, T. S., Y. L. Zhang & 1). E. Boufford. 1993. The Endemic Genera of Seed Plants of China. Science Press, Beijing. Zhang. Y. H. 1993. Cruciferae. In: Z. Wei & Y. (,). He (editors), FI. Zhejiang 3: 21—64. Zhejiang Science and Technology Publishing House, Hangzhou. Baynesia, a New Genus of Stapeliad from the Northwestern-most Corner of Namibia (Apocynaceae) R. V. Bruy ns Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, 7701, South Africa Abstract. A new genus of stapeliad, Baynesia (Apocynaceae—Asclepiadoideae—Ceropegieae), is described with a single species, B. lophophora Bruyns. This is known from the mountainous area in the northwestern-most corner of Namibia, where it was relatively plentiful but very local. Its rela¬ tionships to Caralluma R. Brown and Pseudolithos P. R. 0. Bally are discussed. At present the group of highly succulent plants known as the stapeliads is considered to form a monophyletic group within the Ceropegieae, and it consists of 25 genera (Bruyns, 2000). The present new species does not fit comfortably into any of these genera, and consequently it is placed in a new genus, Baynesia. Its closest relationships ap¬ pear to lie with Caralluma and Pseudolithos; the differences between them are discussed in detail. Baynesia Bruyns, gen. nov. TYPE: Baynesia lo¬ phophora Bruyns, sp. nov. A Caralluma caulis rugulosis et papillatis differt; a Pseudolithos pagina caulium sine polygonis elevatis, prae- sentia interdum denticulorum stipularium et pollinario multum dissimili distinguenda est. Dwarf spineless dump-forming succulent 30— 80(-150) mm diam. Stems erect, not rhizomatous, fleshy and fairly soft, glabrous, somewhat transver- sally rugulose and finely papillate, 30-80 X 6-12 mm, green to suffused with brown; tubercles ob¬ scurely conical, slightly spreading, fused into 4 ob¬ tuse and obscure angles along stem with concave area between them; leaf-rudiment spreading, ca¬ ducous, cordate-acute, 1.0-1.5 mm long, inserted just below base of next tubercle, with very occa¬ sional stipular denticles. Inflorescences glabrous, usually 3-10 per stem, arising toward apex, each bearing 1—3(—5) flowers developing in gradual suc¬ cession, without peduncle, with minute linear bracts < 1 mm long without lateral teeth; pedicel 1.5-2.5 X < 1.0 mm, descending and holding flow¬ er facing partly downward, usually somewhat lon¬ gitudinally ridged, suffused with red; sepals lance¬ olate, acuminate, ca. 1.5 X 0.5 mm. Corolla campanulate, 3—4 X 6—8 mm; outside smooth and glabrous, pale green suffused with red; inside deep maroon becoming cream in lower half of tube, gla¬ brous, papillate only in two lines along edges of fold in lobes (± around mouth of tube); tube ± hemispherical, ca. 1.5 X 3-4 mm; lobes erect, ca. 2X2 mm, ovate-acute, folded along midrib so that inside crested toward apex, apex recurved, without marginal cilia. Corona ca. 1 X 2 mm, consisting of 2 series of lobes arising from staminal tube and close together on it, glabrous, with very short basal stipe; outer lobes deltoid, acute, ca. 0.5 mm long and broad, spreading, dark maroon in patch be¬ neath guide-rail, otherwise transparent; inner lobes adpressed to backs of anthers and mostly equaling them, dorsiventrally flattened and slightly convex above, obtuse, ca. 0.5 mm long, with obtuse swollen dorsal projection between outer lobes, cream. An¬ thers horizontal on top of style-head, margins shrinking back to expose pollinia, rectangular. Pol- linium ellipsoidal, much broader than long, inser¬ tion crest exactly along outer edge, caudicle mi¬ nute. Follicle 25—35 X 2.5—3.5 mm, glabrous, smooth, faintly streaked with brown on cream- green. Seeds 5 X 1.5—2.0 mm, uniformly pale brown, with margins folded upward. Baynesia lophophora Bruyns, sp. nov. TYPE: Namibia. Kaokoveld, Baynes Mtns. near the Cunene River, Dec. 1999, P. V. Bruyns 8000 (holotype, BOL; isotypes, K, MO, PRE, WIND). Figures 1, 2. Species uniea, a speciebus Caralluma lobis corollae porcatis cristatisque et pollinario polliniis insolenter latis corpusculoque alis lateralis minutis differt. Distribution and habitat. This new species is, at present, known only from the north-facing as¬ pects of the higher parts of the Baynes Mountains overlooking the Cunene River in the northwestern corner of Namibia. Here it occurs at an altitude of 1500—1600 m just above the large, sandstone cliffs that dominate the landscape in this area. The vegetation of these cliffs is quite different from that of the surroundings and consists mainly of succulents. Species such as Aloe corallina Ver- Novon 10: 354-358. 2000. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Bruyns Baynesia from Namibia 355 Figure 1. Baynesia lophophora Bruyns. —A. Upper part of stem. —B. Side view of leaf-rudiment. —C, D. Side views of flower. —E. Side view of dissected flower. —F. Side view of gynostegium. —G. Face view of gynostegium. —H. Pollinarium. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, F, G, 0.5 mm (at B); C, D, 1 mm (at C); E, 1 mm (at B); H. 0.25 mm (at A). Drawn from Bruyns 8000. 356 Novon h ipure 2. SEM views of surface of stem, stipular denticle, and inner surface of corolla in Baynesia lophophora (Bruyns 8000). A. Leaf-rudiment. B. Stipular denticle. —C, I). Rugulose surface of stem with stomata in dips beween ridges. E, F. Basal epidermal cells inside corolla:—E. On dark, crested part of lobe. —F. In corolla tube. Scale bars: A, 250 gin; B, 50 gun; C, I). 100 gun; E, F, 25 gun. doom, Cotyledon orbiculata L., Euphorbia otjipem- bana L. C. Leach, and Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R. Brown are common, and Adenium obesum (Forssk&l) Roemer & Schultes, Crassula tabularis Dinter, and Stapelia schinzii var. angolensis Kers also occur, though more sporadically. On the rela¬ tively Hat summits of these mountains the vegeta¬ tion is practically devoid of succulents, being dom¬ inated by short trees and a thick cover of grass in years of reasonable rainfall. Immediately above the cliffs there is an apparently quite dry, rocky, tran¬ sitional fringe with very shallow soils. This is cov¬ ered by short tufts of grass and shrublets of Petal- idium Nees, and there are occasional specimens of Euphorbia otjipembana, E. mauritanica L., E. mon- teiroi Hooker f., and Stapelia schinzii var. angolen¬ sis. It is in this transitional fringe that B. lophopho¬ ra occurs, and here it is quite common, with the plants usually well concealed inside tufts of grass. Diagnostic features and relationships. Plants of Baynesia are mostly small, consisting of a cluster of erect, greenish stems. The 4-angled stems are comparatively soft and have a rugulose surface, which is covered with fine papillae. Each of the obscure tubercles bears a leaf-rudiment, which soon falls off. Stipular denticles are very intermit- Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Bruyns Baynesia from Namibia 357 tently present with often only one per tubercle, while most tubercles have none at all. Flowers are borne in small clusters around the tips of the stems on new growth, and they are small, nodding, and apparently without any scent. Inside they are a deep maroon on the lobes changing to cream in the tube. The tube is more or less hemi¬ spherical, and the lobes are erect around its mouth. Each lobe has its margins quite well folded back, and there is a peculiar ridge of papillae running along either side of its innermost surface from the mouth of the tube toward its apex. This makes the lobe appear crested on the inside. This crest is somewhat emphasized by the strongly recurved api¬ ces of the lobes. The particularly small corona lies at the bottom of the tube and is very slightly raised above the base. The minute outer lobes are transparent except for a dark maroon patch under the guide-rails, and the inner corona is cream but slightly more intense than the cream of the tube. The generic position of this new species is prob¬ lematic. The rugulose surface of the stems is par¬ ticularly unusual and is unlike anything else known in southern Africa. Rugulose stem-surfaces are found in Echidnopsis leachii Lavranos from Tanza¬ nia (Bruyns, 1988), and stem surfaces are longitu¬ dinally bullate in most species of Stapelianthus Choux (unpublished data) from Madagascar and in Rhytidocaulon R R. 0. Bally from northeast Africa and Arabia (Bruyns, 1999). The surface is raised into low “hills” also in the southern African genus Lavrania Plowes (Bruyns, 1993). It is more regu¬ larly divided into raised polygons in Pseudolithos (Bruyns & Meve, 1995), a small genus of five spe¬ cies occurring in northeast Africa and Oman in southern Arabia. This new species bears a consid¬ erable likeness to P dodsonianus (Lavranos) Bruyns & Meve. This likeness continues into the epidermal cells on the stems, which also have their outer walls raised into papillae in Baynesia. The leaf-rudiments in Baynesia are larger than those of any Pseudolithos, and occasionally they have small stipular denticles, which are never found in Pseu¬ dolithos. Baynesia also bears some similarity to Rhytidocaulon. Here the surface of the stem is ru¬ gulose, but quite long, hair-like papillae project from it at intervals while the surface between them is smooth. The leaf-rudiments in Rhytidocaulon are rather differently shaped, with a narrow base and some evidence of a midrib and blade (Bruyns, 1999). The 4-angled stems with many small inflores¬ cences near their apices and the small flowers all suggest a relationship with Caralluma. Caralluma is not well represented in southern Africa (with only 1 species in Namibia); the majority of the roughly 56 species (Gilbert, 1990) is found north of the equator. While there is a wide variety of corolla forms and coronal structures in Caralluma, the cu¬ riously ridged and papillate, crested corolla lobes in B. lophophora are unique, and the stems in Car¬ alluma are neither rugulose nor papillate. Leal-ru¬ diments are always present in Caralluma, stipular denticles are nearly always present, and marginal hairs on the leaf-rudiments and around the stipular denticles are common. Apart from the marginal hairs, these features are shared with Baynesia. Characters of the pollinaria have often proved helpful to delimit genera of stapeliads (Gilbert, 1990; Meve, 1994, Bruyns & Meve, 1995. Bruyns, 1995, 1999). Those of B. lophophora are particu¬ larly unusual. While the pollinia in Caralluma may be broader than long (relative to the anther that has produced them), they are exceptionally broad in B. lophophora and have also remarkably minute eau- dicles and wings on the corpuscles. This is un¬ matched anywhere in Caralluma or in Pseudolithos. In Pseudolithos the pollinia are longer than broad, the corpuscle is disproportionately large, and the insertion-crest is twisted onto the upper surface of the pollinium (Bruyns & Meve, 1995). None of these features is present in Baynesia. In Baynesia the shape of the pollinium is similar to that in Rhy¬ tidocaulon (broader than long), and in both genera the insertion-crest lies exactly along the edge of the pollinium. There are so many unusual features both in the vegetative parts and in the flowers of this new spe¬ cies that placing it in any of the known genera is impossible, and it is considered that a separate ge¬ nus is justified for it. I have been unable to locate any other specimens in herbaria of this new spe¬ cies. The generic name is derived from the Baynes Mountains where the plants were found. These were, in turn, named after the English explorer Maudsley Baynes, who first investigated the area in 1911. To summarize, the various genera that could be related to Baynesia may be distinguished as fol¬ lows. Only genera in which the inflorescences are numerous and usually toward the apex of the stems are included (consequently Stapelianthus, which is mentioned above, is not dealt with in the key). Qua- qua N. E. Brown, which is not mentioned above, is also included. 1. Stems with 6 or more angles. Echidnopsis 1'. Stems 4-angled. 2 2(1). Stems covered with convex polygons, pollinar- 358 Novon ia with large corpuscle almost equaling length of pollinium. Pseudolithos 2'. Stems not covered with convex polygons, cor¬ puscle much shorter than length of pollinium . 3 3(2). Each tubercle tipped (when young) with a mi¬ nute and slightly expanded leaf-rudiment ... 4 3'. Each tubercle tipped with a sharply conical and rapidly hardening tooth. Quaqua 4(3). Stems neither mgulose nor papillate Caralluma 4'. Stems rugulose and papillate. 5 5(4). Stems tapering toward tips, with hair-like pa¬ pillae projecting at intervals from otherwise smooth surface, leaf-rudiments erect .... . Rhytidocaulon 5'. Stems not tapering toward tips, with only low papillae on surface, leaf-rudiments spreading . Baynesia Acknowledgments. This research was partially funded by a grant from the University of Cape Town Reseach Council. Victoria Hollowell and an anon¬ ymous reviewer are thanked for their efforts to im¬ prove the manuscript. Literature Cited Bruyns, P. V. 1988. A revision of the genus Echidnopsis Hook. f. (Asclepiadaceae). Bradleya 6: 1 —48. -. 1993. A revision of Hoodia and Lavrania (Ascle- piadaceae-Stapelieae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 115: 145-270. -. 1995. A re-assessment of the genera Tridentea Haw. and Tromotriche Haw. S. African J. Bot. 61: 180- 208. -. 1999. The systematic position of Rhytidocaulon. Edinburgh J. Bot. 56: 211-228. -. 2000. Phylogeny and biogeography of the sla- peliads. 1. Phylogeny. PI. Syst. Evol. 221: 199-226. -& U. Meve. 1995. The generic position of Car¬ alluma dodsoniana. Edinburgh J. Bot. 52: 195-203. Gilbert, M. G. 1990. A review of Caralluma B. Br. and its segregates. Bradleya 8: 1-32. Meve, U. 1994. The genus Piaranthus. Bradleya 12: 57— 102 . Scleria robusta , a New Name for Scleria grandis Core (Cyperaceae) Konraed Camelbeke and Paul Goetghebeur Gent University, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Botany, K.L. Ledeganekstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium ABSTRACT. Scleria robusta Camelbeke & Goetgh¬ ebeur is proposed as a new name for the later hom¬ onym Scleria grandis Core. When Core (1945) published a new neotropical species of Scleria (Cyperaceae), naming it Scleria grandis Core, he overlooked the fact that this com¬ bination had already been used by Labillardiere (1800) for the Australian species now generally rec¬ ognized as Gahnia grandis (Labillardiere) S. T. Blake (see, e.g., Wilson, 1994: 281). It was indeed Blake (1969: 33) who made the correct combination in Gahnia, including the homotypic synonym Gahnia psittacorum Labillardiere. However, he did not propose a new name for Scleria grandis Core, and therefore an avowed substitute for this later homonym must be proposed. Scleria robusta Camelbeke & Goetghebeur, nom. nov. Replaced name: Scleria grandis Core, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 35(10): 322. 1945, not La¬ billardiere, Voy. Rech. Perouse: 146. 1800. TYPE: Colombia. Vaupes: Selva del Tui-Igar- ape, cerca de Mitu, 200 m, 17 Sep. 1939, J. Cuatrecasas 6870 (lectotype, selected here, US 1795819; isolectotype, US 1795820). This distinctive member of section Hymenoly- trum is distinguished from its nearest relative, Scleria cyperina Kunth, by the broader leaves (18— 45 vs. 7—15 mm), the broader foliaceous primary bracts (18-35 vs. 6—13 mm), the smooth nutlet, and the more robust habit of the former; hence robusta as a new epithet. Paratypes. COLOMBIA. Caqueta: Cerro de La Sar- dina. Florencia, bosque, ca. 500 m, 30 Mar. 1940. J. Cua¬ trecasas 8890 (US). BRAZIL. Amazonas: Santa Isabel. Rio Negro, 15-16 Feb. 1944. J. T. Jr. Baldwin 3421 (US 2 sheets). Acknowledgments. We thank Paul E. Berry (WIS) for bringing this nomenclatural problem to our attention. Karen L. Wilson (NSW) is thanked for the fruitful discussion and help. The US curator is acknowledged for loan of the type specimens of Scleria grandis Core, and the FI curator for provid¬ ing photos of the Labillardiere material. The li¬ brarians of BR and NY are thanked for providing photocopies of the requisite old literature. Tony Reznicek (MICH) and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for useful comments on the manuscript. Literature Cited Blake, S. T. 1969. Studies in Cyperaceae. Contr. Queens¬ land Herb. 8: 1^18. Core, E. L. 1945. Two new species of Scleria from the Upper Amazon Valley. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 35: 322. Labillardifere, J. J. H. de. 1800. Relation du Voyage S la Recherche de la Perouse, Vol. 1. Paris. Wilson, K. L. 1994. Cyperaceae. Pp. 238—356 in N. G. Walsh & T. J. Entwistle (editors). Flora of Victoria, Vol. 2. Inkata Press, Melbourne. Novon 10: 359. 2000. Nuevas Especies y Sinonimos de Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) de Ecuador Josd Marta Cardiel Real Jardfn Botbnico, G.S.I.C. Plaza de Murillo, 2. 28014 Madrid, Espana RESUMEN. Se describen e ilustran dos nuevas es- peeies ecuatorianas de Acalypha L., A. websteri y A. stellata, y se comentan las principales diferen- cias eon las especies alines. Se proponen tambibn seis nuevos sinbnimos de cuatro especies presentes en Ecuador. ABSTRACT. Two new species ol Acalypha L. are described and illustrated, A. websteri and A. stel¬ lata, based on Ecuadorian material. Comments on the systematics of related species are included. As well, six new synonyms are proposed for four Ecu¬ adorian species. Con motivo de la revisibn de Acalypha para la Flora of Ecuador, se estudib el material del gbnero existente en numerosos herbarios americanos y eu- ropeos. Un resultado de este trabajo ha sido el ha- llazgo de dos nuevas especies que se describen aquf. Adembs, diversos nombres de especies ecua¬ torianas quedan reducidos a sinonimos despubs del estudio de las diferentes colecciones tipo. De los grandes generos de Euphorbiaceae, Aca¬ lypha es uno de los menos conocidos. Posee unas 450 especies de distribucibn principalmente tropi¬ cal y subtropical, con algunos representantes en zo- nas templadas. Desde el tratamiento de Pax y K. Hoffmann (1924) apenas se han realizado estudios crfticos del gbnero. Despubs de la revision de las especies de Colombia, Venezuela y las Guayanas (Cardiel, 1995b, 1999) actualmente estudiamos las especies de Ecuador, Peru y Bolivia, con el fin de preparar los correspondientes tratamientos florfsti- cos. El objetivo, a mis largo plazo, es la revision del gbnero en todo el bmbito neotropical y la pre- paracibn del tratamiento de Acalypha para Flora Neotropica. Las dos especies nuevas descritas pertenecen al subgbnero Acalypha, caracterizado principalmente por tener las flores femeninas sbsiles, en la axila de brbcteas generalmente folibceas y acrescentes. Este subgbnero engloba la mayor parte de las es¬ pecies de Acalypha. Aealypha websteri Cardiel, sp. nov. TIPO: Ecua¬ dor. Chimborazo: Huigra, ca. 1200 m, 15 Feb. 1955, E. Asplund 15427 (holbtipo, S). Fi- gura 1. Speciei A. padifoliae Kuntli similis, a qua praecipue differt inflorescentiis foemineis longioribus (plus quam 10 cm longis) atque bracteis foemineis subtriangularibus, dentibus centralibus multo longioribus quam ceteris pi- lisque glanduliferis ca. 0.5 mm longis. Arbusto de ca. 2 m de altura, monoico; ramas jbvenes delgadas, finamente pubescentes o veluti- nas, glabrescentes. Estfpulas de 4-6 mm de largo, linear-lanceoladas, adpreso-pubescentes. Pecfolos de (3—)4—7 cm de largo, con indumento similar al de las ramas jbvenes. Lbminas foliares de 7-15 X (3—)3.5—8.5 cm, ovado-lanceoladas, a veces oblon- go-lanceoladas, membranbceas; base de redondea- da a cordada; bpice de agudo a acuminado, acumen mucronado; margen aserrado, dientes anchos, pro- fundos, obtusos y ligeramente callosos en el bpice; haz laxamente pubescente, con pelos cortos y finos; envbs velutino-pubescente, glabrescente; nervacion palmeada, con 3 a 5 nervios basales y 6 a 10 pares de nervios secundarios; estipelas ausentes. Inflo- rescencias espiciformes, unisexuales. Inflorescen- cias masculinas (solo una conocida) de 12 cm de largo, terminales, laxifloras; pedunculo de ca. 1 cm de largo; raquis delgado, hispiduloso; brbcteas tri- angular-lanceoladas, ciliado-hispfdulas; flores en glombrulos. Inflorescencias femeninas de hasta 12 cm de largo, terminales; pedunculo de ca. 0.5 cm de largo; raquis grueso, densamente velutino-pu¬ bescente; brbcteas de ca. 1.5 mm de largo en la antesis, ciliado-hispfdulas, acrescentes en el fruto, de hasta 13 X 7 mm, subtriangulares, con indu¬ mento adpreso de pelos simples mbs denso en los nervios, y pelos glandulfferos de ca. 0.5 mm de largo, gruesos, mbs abundantes en el margen, mar¬ gen con ca. 15 dientes agudos, el central muy prominente, lanceolado y acuminado. Flores rnas- culinas inconspfcuas con cbliz y pedicelos hispi- dulosos. Flores femeninas sbsiles; cbliz con 3 sb- palos de ca. 0.7 mm de largo, triangulares, hispidulosos, persistentes en el fruto; ovario de ca. 1 mm de dibmetro, densamente pubescente; estilos Novon 10: 360-365. 2000. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Cardiel Acalypha de Ecuador 361 Kgura 1. Acalypha websteri Cardiel. —A. Fragmento de una rama con inflorescenoia femenina. —B. Detalle de una rama, pecfolo y estfpulas. —C. Detalle de la inflorescencia femenina. —I). Bractea femenina en fruto (acrescente). —E. Caliz de la (lor femenina. —F. Ovario y estilos. —G. Cdpsula. (De holotipo, Asplund 15427.) libres, de 5—6 mm de largo, cada uno dividido en 8—10 ramas finas, con algunos pelos dispersos. Capsulas de ea. 2 mm de diametro, pubescente; semillas maduras no observadas. Distribucion. Esta especie es conocida sola- mente por dos colecciones de la misma localidad, en la vertiente Este de la Cordillera Occidental, a 1200—1400 m de altitud. 362 Novon Discusidn. Acalypha websteri esta relacionada con un grupo de espeeies andinas de Peru y Boli¬ via, que se caracterizan por presentar inflorescen- cias feineninas terminales. Estas son: A. benensis Britton, A. eugeniifolia Rusby, A. mapirensis Pax, A. padifolia Kunth, A. peruviana Muller Argovien- sis, A. stenoloba Mtiller Argoviensis y A. stricta Poeppig. La situacidn de este grupo es aun incierta y posiblemente se modifique cuando se concluya la revision del g^nero en estos pafses. De estas es- peeies sdlo A. padifolia y A. peruviana tienen brdc- teas glandulosas (al igual que A. websteri ), pero A. peruviana se distingue con elaridad por sus brdc- teas lanceolado-aristadas y por las estfpulas orbi- culares. De las espeeies ecuatorianas A. websteri sAlo podrfa confundirse con A. padifolia Kunth, pero 6sta tiene hojas menores (de 6—9 X 2.5-3.5 cm), estreehamente ovado-lanceoladas, inflorescen- cias femeninas de 5—8 cm de largo, y brdeteas or- biculares con el diente central generalmente no prominente y con pelos glandulfferos de ca. 1 mm de largo. Esta especie esta dedicada a Grady L. Webster, principal especialista en Euphorbiaceae american- as. Pardtipo. ECUADOR. Chimborazo: Huigra, ca. 1400 m, 15 Feb. 1955, K. Asplund 15425 (S). Acalypha stellata Cardiel, sp. nov. TIPO: Ecua¬ dor. Bolivar: Lirndn, estribaciones de la Cor¬ dillera Occidental, 880-1100 m, 14 Oct. 1943, M. Acosta Solis 6339 (holotipo, F; isd- tipo, F). Figura 2. Speciei A. dictyoneurae Muller Argoviensis valde simi- lis, a qua inflorescentiis foemineis semper terminalibus atque bracteis foemineis stylisque stellatim pilosis prae- cipue differt. Arbusto o drbol pequeno de hasta 4 m de altura, monoico; ramas jdvenes con indumento de aspecto pulverulento y flocoso, amarillento o ferrugfneo, formado por diminutos pelos estrellados, ramas adultas glabrescentes. Estfpulas de 4—5 mm de lar¬ go, lineares, con indumento similar al de las ramas jdvenes, caducas. Pecfolos de (3—)5—8(—9) cm de largo, con indumento similar al de las ramas jdve- nes. Ldminas foliares de (8—) 12—17(—20) X (4—)6— 12 cm, ovado-lanceoladas, a veces muy ensanchad- as en la base, membrandeeas, tendiendo a subcoridceas en la senectud; base de redondeada a cordada; dpiee de agudo a acuminado, acumen agu- do o mucronado; margen aserrado, dientes pequen- os y agudos; haz con indumento mds o menos laxo de diminutos pelos estrellados; enves amarillento o ferrugfneo, densamente cubierto de pelos estrella¬ dos; nervacidn palmeada, prominente y reticulada por el envds, con 3 a 5 nervios basales y 6 a 8(- 10) pares de nervios secundarios; estipelas ausen- tes. Inflorescencias espiciformes, unisexuales. In- florescencias masculinas de 5—11(—14) cm de largo, axilares, densifloras, s^siles o subsesiles; raquis con pelos estrellados; brdeteas diminutas, lanceo- ladas, ciliado-hispidulosas; flores en glom£rulos densos. Inflorescencias femeninas de hasta 16(—18) cm de largo, terminales; sdsiles o con pedunculo de 0.5 cm de largo; raquis pubescente, con pelos estrellados; brdeteas de ca. 2 mm de largo en la antesis, lanosas, triangular-lanceoladas, denticula- das; brdeteas en el fruto acrescentes, suborbicula- res, de 5—9 mm de didmetro, con pelos glandulf¬ feros de hasta 2 mm de largo, principalmente en el margen y pelos estrellados dispersos, margen con 14—16 dientes pequenos, obtusos, el central ligera- mente prominente. Flores masculinas inconspfcuas, con cdliz y pedicelo densamente puberulos. Flores femeninas sdsiles; cdliz con 3 sepalos de ca. 1 mm de largo, triangular-lanceolados, lanosos, ciliados; ovario de ca. 1 mm de didmetro, lanoso; estilos li- bres, de 4—5 mm de largo, cada uno dividido en 18—21 ramas, con pelos estrellados en la mitad bas¬ al. Cdpsula de ca. 2.5 mm de didmetro, con pelos estrellados dispersos; semillas de ca. 1.5 X 1 mm, ovoides o elipsoides, con diminutas fovdolas, ca- runcula obsoleta. Distribucidn. Acalypha stellata se encuentra en las estribaciones de la Cordillera Occidental de Ecuador, en las provincias de Bolfvar, Chimborazo y El Oro, entre 500 y 1100 m de altitud. Aparece asociada a bosques y matorrales humedos. Discusidn. Los pelos estrellados son un cardc- ter muy raro en Acalypha. En America s6lo cono- cemos otra especie que los presente, Acalypha dic- tyoneura Muller Argoviensis que se encuentra en la zona andina de Ecuador y Peru y es morfoldgi- camente muy prdxima a A. stellata ; no obstante, pueden diferenciarse con elaridad porque las brde¬ teas femeninas y los estilos de A. dictyoneura nunca poseen pelos estrellados, y las inflorescencias fe¬ meninas son generalmente axilares. Existe tambidn una clara dilerencia altitudinal; todas las colec- ciones conocidas de A. stellata se encuentran entre 500 y 1100 m, mientras que A. dictyoneura se en¬ cuentra generalmente entre 1800 y 2500 m (nunca por debajo de 1200 m). Pardtipos. ECUADOR. Bolivar: Charquiyacu, des- censo inferior de la Cordillera Occidental, 600 m, 03 Oct. 1943. M. Acosta Solis 6086 (F); Balsabambo, 500 m. 23 Oct. 1933. //. J. Schimpjf285 (GH. M. MO); Cantdn Guar- anda, 14.5 km by road E of Caluma. 975 m, 79°02'W. 1°35'S, 23 Oct. 1933, G. L Webster. B. Smith & R. Friend Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Cardiel Acalypha de Ecuador 363 Figura 2. Acalypha stellata Cardiel. —A. Fragmento de una raraa con infloresceneias femeninas. —B. Detalle del pecfolo, rama v esti'pulas. —C. Detalle de la ha/ foliar. —D. Detalle del env6s foliar. —F„ Detalle de la inflorescencia femenina. —F. Bractea femenina en fmto (acrescente). —G. Caliz de la flor femenina. —FI. Ovario y estilos. —I. Capsula. —J. Semilla. (De holdtipo. Acosta-Solti 6339, y 0llgaard & Balslev 9023.) 364 Novon 30714 (l)AV). Gliimboruzo: road General Elizalde (Bu- eay)—Pallatanga, 32 km from Pallatanga, 650 m, 79°02'W, 2°09'S, 29 Aug. 1976, B. 0llgaard & H. Balslev 9023 (AAU, C, MO, NY). El Oro: 10 km W of Pinas, ‘XX) m, B Oct. 1989, C. Dodson. A. Gentry & G. Shupp 8975 (MO). Nuevos SinOnimos Aoalypha cuspidata Jacquin, PI. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 63. tab. 243. 1797. TIPO: Venezuela. “Cres- cit ad Caracas”, tab. 243 in Jacq., loc. cit. (lectbtipo, designado por J. M. Cardiel, 1995a: 233). Acalypha tenuipes Pax & Hoffmann, in A. Engler, Pflan¬ zenr. IV, 147, XVI (Heft 85): 122. 1924. Svn. nov. TIPO: Ecuador. Manabf: Agua Amarga, El Recreo. 11. Eggers 15833 (holbtipo, B no visto, probable- mente destruido, fragmento en US, fotos en F, GH, NY; isbtipos. M. E). S6lo conocemos Acalypha tenuipes por la colec- ci6n tipo, no habiendo sido citada con posterioridad en Ecuador. Macbride (1951) la cita para Peru ba- sAndose en la eolecchin Weberbauer 7662, pero pos- teriormente no fue reconfirmada en el Catdlogo de las Angiospermas y Gimnospermas del Peru (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993). Acalypha cuspidata se encuen- tra ampliamente distribuida en el continente ameri- cano (Cardiel, 1999) y es morfologicamente indis- tinguible de la coleccidn tipo de A. tenuipes. En Sudameriea conocemos A. cuspidata de Colombia, Venezuela y Ecuador, generalmente en hAbitats costeros. Acalypha padifolia Kunth, in Humboldt & Bonp- land, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 97. 1817. TIPO: Colom¬ bia. Narino: “Crescit locis sylvaticis subfrigi- dis inter Almaguer et Pasto, prope villam Meneses, alt. 1322 hex.”, A. von Humboldt & A. Bonpland 2136 (sfntipos, P-Bonpl., P). Acalypha andina Miill. Arg., Flora 55: 26. 1872. Syn. nov. TIPO: Ecuador. "Inter Bannas et rio Verde altitudine circ. 5(XX) ped.". M. F. 1 Vagner s.n. (holotipo. M. foto en F). Acalypha tunguraguae Pax & Hoffmann, in A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 147, XVI (Heft 85): 66. 1924. Syn. nov. TIPO: Ecuador. “Vulkan Tunguragua”, F. C. Lehmann 6641 (holdtipo, B no visto, probablemente destruido, fotos en GH, NY). Acalypha schimpffii Diels, Biblioth. Bot. 29: 103. 1937. Syn. nov. TIPO: Ecuador. Chimborazo: "Tal des R. Chanohan bei Huigra, an buschigen Abhangen”, 1260 m, 21 Sep. 1933, F. L E. Diels 1128 (sfntipo, no visto), 11. J. F. Schimpff 429 (sfntipos, (ill. M, MO, NY, US). Acalypha padifolia se encuentra en los Andes de Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Peru. Es una especie muy variable en la forma y tamano de las hojas. Las inflorescencias sufren una gran transformacion durante su crecimiento, especialmente las bracteas femeninas acrescentes. Esto ha motivado que se describieran diferentes especies basadas en ramas florfferas en distintos estados de desarrollo. Mac- bride (1951) ya menciona las frAgiles diferencias entre algunas de estas especies. A1 igual que ocu- rri6 al revisar las colecciones colombianas (Cardiel, 1995a), el estudio de las colecciones ecuatorianas y de los ejemplares tipo ha aportado nuevos sinoni- mos a esta especie. Acalypha salicifolia Miill. Arg., Flora 47: 438. 1864. TIPO: Ecuador. “In Andibus Ecuado- rensibus”, R. Spruce 4963 (holdtipo, W, foto en GH). Acalypha macbridei Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 75: 28. 1925. Syn. nov. TIPO: Peru. Huanaco: Pampayacu, hacienda at mouth of Rio Chiao, J. F. Macbride 5093 (holbtipo, F; isbtipo, GH). La coleccion tipo de Acalypha salicifolia es una rama juvenil con las hojas de pequeno tamano, y muy diferentes a las hojas de la coleccion tipo de A. macbridei. No obstante, no observamos diferen¬ cias significativas en los caracteres florales. Des- pu6s del estudio de numerosas colecciones de Ecuador y Peru hemos comprobado que las laminas foliares son muy polimorfas, y no existen diferen¬ cias que justifiquen mantener separadas estas es¬ pecies. Acalypha schiedeana Schlechtendal, Linnaea 7: 384. 1832. TIPO: Mexico. “In sylvis umbrosis Jalapae”, C. J. W. Schiede 72 (holbtipo, B no visto, probablemente destruido, foto en G). Acalypha ecuadorica Pax & Hoffmann, in A. Engler, Pflanzenr. IV, 147, XVI (Heft 85): 68. 1924. Syn. nov. TIPO: Ecuador. “Agua Amarga bei Elreereo, trockene Gebiische”, H. Eggers 15535 (holotipo, B no visto, probablemente destruido, foto en NY; is6- tipos, BM, G, GH, L, M, MA. NY. PR). Acalypha schiedeana fue descrita del sur de Mexico, donde es muy frecuente, y su distribution es poco conocida. En CentroamAriea se ha citado de Guatemala (Standley & Steyermark, 1949), Ni¬ caragua (Seymour, 1979) y Costa Rica (Burger & Huft, 1995). En Sudameriea se ha citado para Ve¬ nezuela (Pittier et al., 1947; Levin, 1999; Cardiel, 1999) y de Colombia (Cardiel, 1995b). En Ecuador esta especie no habfa sido citada con anterioridad. Acalypha ecuadorica fue descrita sobre unos ejemplares de la costa pacffica ecuatoriana, con las inflorescencias inmaduras. Desde entonces no ha vuelto a ser citada. j0rgensen y Le6n (1999) la re¬ cogen en el catalogo de las plantas ecuatorianas Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Cardiel Acatypha de Ecuador 365 mencionando solo la coleccion tipo, de la que exis- ten numeroso duplicados. La mayoria de las colecciones ecuatorianas que hemos estudiado pertenecen a la vertiente pacffica, en un habitat similar al de las colecciones de Co¬ lombia y Venezuela. Consideramos que en Ecuador se encuentra el lhnite meridional en la distribucion de esta especie. Agradecimientos. Este trabajo se 1m desarrolla- do gracias a la concesion de una beca postdoctoral de la Comunidad de Madrid. Tambien se ha be- neficiado de cierta ayuda por parte del proyecto Flora Iberica. Agradezco tambien a Santiago Cas- troviejo y Javier Fuertes, la revision del manuscrito; a Manuel Lafnz, la version latina de las diagnosis, y a Juan Castillo, las ilustraciones. I.iteratura Citada Brako, I,. & J. I„ Zarucchi (editors). 1993. Acalypha. In Catalogo de las Angiospermas y Gimnospermas del Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Card. 45: 428- 429. Burger. W. & M. Huft. 1995. Acalypha. In W. Burger (ed¬ itor). Flora Costaricensis. Fieldiaua, Bot. 36: 46—56. Cardiel, J. M. 1995a. Tipificacidn de las especies de Aca¬ lypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) descritas por Jaequin. Anales .lard. Bot. Madrid 54: 230-233. -. 1995b. Flora de Colombia. Monograffa n° 15. Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae). Universidad Naeional de Colombia y Real Jardin Botanico de Madrid. C.S.I.C. -. 1999. Contribuciones a la Flora de Venezuela: Revision del genero Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae). Acta Bot. Venez. 22(2): 255-324. j0rgensen, P. M. & S. Leon-Yanez (editors). 1999. Cata¬ logue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: i—viii, 1-1182. Levin, G. A. 1999. Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae). In P. E. Berry. K. Yatskievych & B. k. Holst (editors). Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana 5: 81-85. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Macbride, J. F. 1951. Acalypha. In Flora of Peru. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist.. Bot. Ser. 8 part 3A(1): 121-145. Pax, F. A. & K. Hoffmann. 1924. Euphorbiaceae—Croto- noideae—Aealypheae—Acalyphinae. In A. Engler, Pflan- zenreich IV, 147, XVI (Heft 85): 1—231. Pittier, H., T. Lasser, L. Schnee, Z. Luces de Febres & V. Badillo. 1947. Acalypha. In Catalogo de la Flora Ve- nezolana 2: 78—80. T. Vargas, Caracas. Seymour, F. C. 1979. Acalypha, Croton and Sapiarn in Nicaragua. Phytologia 43: 133—195. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1949. Acalypha. In Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiaua. Bot. 24 part 6: 28—47. New Combinations in Tillaea (Crassulaceae) Michael G. Gilbert Missouri Botanical Garden, c/o Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. Hideaki Ohba University Museum, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Fu Kunjun (Fu Kun-tsun) Herbarium, North-western Institute of Botany, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China ABSTRACT. On the basis ot molecular data, the present authors will recognize Crassula L. and Til¬ laea L. as distinct genera in the forthcoming ac¬ count of the Crassulaceae for the Flora of China, Volume 8. Tillaea is represented in the Flora area, but Crassula sensu stricto is not. With this arrange¬ ment, the correct name for T. pentandra Royle ex Edgeworth, described from the Himalayas, would be a new combination based on Crassula schimperi C. A. Meyer, described from Ethiopian material but clearly synonymous. The taxonomic identity of the latter name has been overlooked by authors work¬ ing on Asian floras. Therefore, the new combination T. schimperi (C. A. Meyer) M. G. Gilbert, H. Ohba & K. T. Fu is made here along with new combi¬ nations for two subspecies found in tropical Africa and formerly treated under Crassula : T. schimperi subsp. phyturus (Mildbraed) M. G. Gilbert, H. Ohba & K. T. Fu and T. schimperi subsp. transvalensis (Kuntze) M. G. Gilbert, H. Ohba & K. T. Fu. The separation of Tillaea L. from Crassula L. has been somewhat controversial. The last major revi¬ sion of Crassula (Tolken, 1977) kept the two genera together. This has been followed by all the major African floras (Fernandes, 1983; Gilbert, 1989; Wickens, 1987) and the Flora of Bh utan (Grierson, 1987). More recently, however, molecular data have suggested that there is a case for keeping Tillaea as a genus distinct from Crassula. An analysis of chloroplast DNA restriction-site variation has in¬ dicated that Tillaea is most closely related to Cras¬ sula, but that the two genera exhibit a relatively high level (4.8%) of sequence divergence (Ham, 1995; Ham & 't Hart, 1998). This separation is being followed in the forthcoming account of the Crassulaceae (Fu & Ohba, in press) for the Flora Novon 10: 366-367. 2000. of China, Volume 8, where Tillaea occurs, but not Crassula sensu stricto. Most botanists working on Asian plants have used the name Crassula pentandra (Royle ex Edge- worth) Schonland, based on T. pentandra Royle ex Edgeworth (1846), which was described from Hi¬ malayan material for a widespread, often common, montane species occurring in Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet) within the Flora of China area. Though it typically grows in somewhat drier habi¬ tats than most species of Tillaea, it is clearly re¬ ferable to this genus on the basis of its inconspic¬ uous, axillary inflorescence, in contrast to the conspicuous, terminal inflorescence of Crassula sensu stricto. These workers took the view that the Asian plants are not conspecific with any material from Africa. However, Himalayan material differs in no way from Crassula schimperi C. A. Meyer (1842), described on the basis of material from Ethiopia. This species has never been formally treated as a species of Tillaea. This means that a new combi¬ nation is needed to make the name available for the Flora of China. Three rather well-defined sub¬ species of C. schimperi have been recognized in tropical Africa, only one of which significantly ex¬ tends into Asia (subsp. schimperi), and new com¬ binations in Tillaea are made for these, too. Tillaea schimperi (C. A. Meyer) M. G. Gilbert, H. Ohba & K. T. Fu, comb. nov. Basionym: Cras¬ sula schimperi C. A. Meyer, in Fischer, C. A. Meyer & Ave-Lallemant, Index Sem. Hort. Pe- trop. 8: 56. 1842. TYPE; cultivated in St. Pe¬ tersburg, Russia, from seed collected in Ethi¬ opia: “Semina (N. 183) in Abyssinia legit cel. Schimper” (holotype, LE not seen; isotype, K). Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Gilbert et al. Tillaea (Crassulaceae) 367 Tillaea schimperi subsp. schimperi Tillaea pentandra Royle ex Edgeworth, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 50. 1846. Crassula pentandra (Royle ex Edgeworth) Schonland, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(2): 37. 1891. TYPE: [NW] India. “Himalaya, Garhwal, altit. 4—6000 ped.,” s.d.. Edge- worth 97 (lectotype, designated by Wickens (1982: 666), K). Habitat. Moist, well-drained, often shaded sites on rocks, earth banks, fallen logs, often in montane forest, sometimes epiphytic; (1500—>2000-4800 m. Distribution. Africa: Cameroon. Chad (Tibesti), Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia; Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, Paki¬ stan, Yemen. Tillaea schimperi subsp. phyturus (Mildbraed) M. G. Gilbert, H. Ohba & K. T. Fu, comb. nov. Basionym: Crassula phyturus Mildbraed, No- tizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 227. 1922. Crassula pentandra (Royle ex Edgeworth) Schonland var. phyturus (Mildbraed) Hedberg, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 15: 100. 1957. Crassula schimperi C. A. Meyer subsp. phyturus (Mild¬ braed) R. Fernandes, Bol. Soc. Brot., ser. 2, 52: 172. 1978. TYPE: Kenya. “Ostl. Mt. El¬ gon, im Wald, 10 000 FuB,” June 1920, C. Lindblom s.n. (holotype, S not seen). Habitat. Basement-complex rock outcrops, of¬ ten seasonally moist but fully exposed. Distribution. Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda; Asia: Yemen (Socotra). Tillaea schimperi subsp. transvalensis (Kuntze) M. G. Gilbert, H. Ohba & K. T. Fu, comb. nov. Basionym: Sedum transvalen.se Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 3(2): 85. 1898. Crassula transvalensis (Kuntze) K. Schumann, Just’s Bot. Jahresber. 26(1): 347. 1900. Crassula schimperi C. A. Meyer subsp. transvalensis (Kuntze) R. Fer¬ nandes, Bol. Soc. Brot., ser. 2, 52: 172. 1978. TYPE: South Africa. “Transvaal: Johannis- burg,” s.d., Kuntze s.n. (holotype, NY not seen). Habitat. Rocky outcrops, sandy soil in grass¬ land. Distribution. Africa: Angola, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe. Fernandes (1983) maintained three varieties within this taxon, but we are reluctant to make new combinations for quadrinomials not familiar to us. The taxon is named after the Transvaal in South Africa, and subsequent authors have used this more usual spelling and rendered the epithet “transvaa- lensis, ” treating the original version as if it were an orthographic error. However, Kuntze used “ trans- val-” for three other species in the same publication but never used “ transvaal so the former spelling is obviously deliberate and cannot be treated as an error. Acknowledgment. We thank Nicholas J. Turland (MO) for help in preparing the manuscript. Literature Cited Fernandes, R. 1983. Crassulaceae. Pp. 3-74 in E. Launeil (editor). Flora Zambesiaca, 7(1). Flora Zambesiaca Managing Committee, Kew & London. Fu. K. J. | K. T.] & H. Ohba. In press. Crassulaceae. In: /. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (editors). Flora of China, Vol. 8, Brassicaceae—Saxifragaceae. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Gilbert, M. G. 1990 [“1989”]. Crassulaceae. Pp. 5—26 in I. Hedberg & S. Edwards (editors), Flora of Ethiopia, 3. National Herbarium, University of Addis Ababa, Ad¬ dis AI >aba, and Department of Systematic Botany, Uni¬ versity of Uppsala, Uppsala. Grierson, A. J. C. 1987. Crassulaceae. Pp. 471^485 in A. J. C. Grierson & D. G. Long (editors), Flora of Bhutan, 1(3). Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh. Ham, R. C. H. J. van. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships in the Crassulaceae inferred from chloroplast l)NA varia¬ tion. Pp. 16-29 in H. ’t Hart & U. Eggli (editors). Evo¬ lution and Systematics of the Crassulaceae. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. -& H. - t Hart. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships in the Crassulaceae inferred from chloroplast I)NA restric¬ tion-site variation. Amer. J. Bot. 85: 123—134. Tolken, H. R. 1977. A revision of the genus Crassula in southern Africa. Contrib. Bolus Herb. 8: 1-331. Wickens, G. 1982. Miscellaneous notes on Crassula , Bryophyllum and Kalanchoe. Kew Bull. 36: 665—674. -. 1987. Crassulaceae. In: R. M. Polhill (editor). Flora of Tropical East Africa. Published on behalf of the East African Governments by A. A. Balkema, Rot¬ terdam and Boston. A New Dalechampia L. (Euphorbiaceae) from Southern Costa Rica Jorge Gdmez-Laurito Escuela de Biologfa, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria 2060, San Jos6, Costa Rica Abstract. A new species of Dalechampia L. (Eu¬ phorbiaceae) with 5-foliolate leaves is described from southern Costa Rica, compared with its closest relative, and illustrated. Resumen. Una nueva especie de Dalechampia L. (Euphorbiaceae) con hojas 5-folioladas, se describe de la region sur de Costa Rica, se compara con otra especie cercana y se ilustra en este artfculo. Dalechampia L. is a genus of about 115 mostly neotropical species (Burger & Huft, 1995). Eleven species have recently been accounted for in Costa Rica (Burger & Huft, 1995). Except for D. spathu- lata (Scheidweiler) Baillon, an erect subshrub, the Costa Rican taxa are clambering vines with leaves that vary from simple and unlobed, with 5 palmate veins, to 2-3-lobed, and to trifoliolate. A new Dal¬ echampia with 5-foliolate leaves from southern Cos¬ ta Rica is described below. Dalechampia burgeriana G6mez-Laurito, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Puntarenas. Coto Brus, Eila Cruces, entrada de los Atunes y or- illa de la quebrada, horde de bosque, pasti- zales y charrales, 1000-1200 m, 24 July 1995, Isidro Chacdn 279 (holotype, USJ; isotypes, CR, F, MO). Figure 1. Dalechampia regnellii species brasiliensis affinis, a qua imprimis differt basi asymmetriei foliolorum lateralium, stipulis involueralibus 8—10 mm longis, bracteis involu- oralibus majoribus, sepalis pistillatis 12, ovario glabro, fructu majore. Clambering vines, leafy stems 1-1.3 mm thick, with retrorse appressed hairs and spreading sting¬ ing bristles 1-1.5 mm long; stipules 8-10 mm long, 1.5—2 mm wide at the base, narrowly lan¬ ceolate, ciliate along the margin, with 6-7 as¬ cending veins, persisting. Leaves 5-foliolate, pet¬ ioles 3-10 cm long, ca. 1 mm thick with retrorse appressed hairs and spreading trichomes, stipels stipule-like; petiolules 3—10 mm long with an- trorse appressed hairs; leaflets with blades 6.5— 10.5 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, narrowly elliptic- oblong to narrowly ovate-elliptic, apex acuminate, margin with short teeth, lateral leaflets asymmetric at the base with a rounded-truncate side and a cuneate side, sparsely pilose on both surfaces, es¬ pecially on the veins beneath; venation pinnate with 7—8 pairs of major secondary veins. Inflores¬ cence axillary, solitary on axillary short-shoots 4- 7 cm long; short-shoots with retrorse appressed hairs and 1—3 reduced leaves, involucral stipules 8-10 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide at the base, nar¬ rowly lanceolate, pilose along tbe margin, with 6— 7 ascending veins; involucral bracts 4-5.5 cm long, 3-3.5 cm wide, ovate and 5-lobed, yellowish green, with 7-9 major veins from base, the veins sparsely ciliate outside and strigillose with short appressed hairs on the inner surface, the margin ciliate and with short teeth. Staminate cymules pe¬ dunculate, peduncules 3—5 mm long, flattened, sparsely pubescent, involucel cupuliform, 2.5^1 mm long, 6—8 mm wide, with the bracts complete¬ ly connate; pedicels 3-6 mm long; resiniferous bractlets laminar, margins entire, secreting sticky whitish resin; staminate flowers 8-9; bud oblong- elliptic, 2 mm long, 1-1.2 mm broad, acute at tip; calyx lobes 4, becoming reflexed, staminal column 2 mm long, glabrescent, anthers ca. 12, crowded, subsessile, 0.8 mm long, bilocular and dehiscent longitudinally. Pistillate cymules sessile, involucel of 2 bractlets; bractlets glabrous, margins sinuate, densely ciliate with hairs to 1 mm long; pistillate flowers 3, very short-pedunculate at anthesis; pe¬ duncles ca. 1 mm long; sepals 12, 3-4.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, bipinnatifid, margins hispid; ovary ca. 2 mm high, 1.5 mm thick, glabrous, 3- locular; stylar column straight, terete, 12-15 mm long, 0.5 mm thick, glabrous, cream-colored, tip slightly dilated and sometimes slightly down- turned. Central fruiting-pedicel 2-2.5 cm long, laterals 10—12 mm long; fruiting sepals 12-16 mm long, margins, tentacular processes, and midstrip copiously beset with straight, sharp bristles 1-2 mm long. Capsule 12—14 mm diam., glabrous; col¬ umella 12-15 mm long, persisting; seeds globose, ca. 4 mm diam., rugose-verrucate, whitish, pale- red tinged. This new species is named in honor of William C. Burger, long-time friend and devoted student of Novon 10: 368-370. 2000. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Gomez-Laurito Dalechampia burgeriana from Costa Rica 369 Figure I. Dalechampia burgeriana Gomez-1.aurito (/. Chacon 279). — A. Habit. —B. Inflorescence at anlhesis. —C. Staminate and pistillate cymules. Costa Rican plants. His contributions to our knowl¬ edge of the Costa Rican flora have already been significant through his Flora Costaricensis publi¬ cations. Dalechampia burgeriana, with its 5-foliolate leaves, involucel of completely connate bracts, and resiniferous bractlets of staminate pleiochasium with entire margins belongs to section Dalechampia subsect. Triphyllae as delimited by Webster and Armbruster (1991). Dalechampia burgeriana may be related to D. regnellii Mueller-Argoviensis, an¬ other species with 5-foliolate leaves, from southern 370 Novon Brazil (Pax & Hoffmann, 1919; Webster & Arm- bruster, 1991). However, D. burgeriana differs from D. regnellii in having lateral leaflets asymmetric at the base, involueral stipules only 8—10 mm long, stipels similar to the stipules, involueral bracts 4— 4.5 cm long, pistillate flowers with 12 sepals, gla¬ brous ovary, and capsule 12—14 mm in diameter vs. lateral leaflets cuneate at base, involueral stip¬ ules 25 mm long, stipels reduced or subulate, in- volucral bracts 2.5 cm long, pistillate flowers with 10 sepals, pubescent ovary, and capsule 8 mm in diameter in D. regnellii. Dalechampia burgeriana is known only from the type locality, at the edge of premontane forest, in the subtropical, tropical very wet biotic unit with 1—2 dry months, according to Herrera and Gdmez (1993). Acknowledgments. 1 thank Michael H. Grayum (MO) and an anonymous reviewer for critically re¬ viewing the manuscript and Carmen Marfn for the illustration. Literature Cited Burger. W. C. & M. Huft. 1995. Euphorbiaceae. In Flora Costaricensis, Fieldiana Bot. new ser. 36: 1-169. Herrera, W. & L. 1). G6mez. 1993. Mapa de unidades bioticas de Costa Rica. Escala 1: 685.(XX). Instituto Geogrdfico de Costa Rica. Pax, F. & K. Hoffmann. 1919. Euphorbiaeeae-Dalecham- pieae. In A. Engler (editor), Das Pflanzenreich IV. 147. XII (Heft 68): 1-59. Webster, G. L. & W. S. Armbruster. 1991. A synopsis of the neotropical species of Dalechampia (Euphorbi¬ aceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105: 137-177. A New Species of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) from Bahia, Brazil Favio Gonzdlez Herbario Nacional Colombiano, Instituto de Cieneias Naturales, Universidad Nacional, Ap. Ae. 7495, Santafe de Bogota, Colombia Abstract. Aristolochia longispathulata, a new species trom the “Mata Atlantica,” is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to Aristolochia subser. Hexandrae F. Gonzalez. It is easily recog¬ nized by flowers that are slightly curved and have a long, spatulate, fimbriate limb, which is pale green on the inner surface. Aristolochia longispa¬ thulata is similar to A. arcuata and A. rumicifolia, from eastern and southeastern Brazil. Its floral mor¬ phology also resembles that of A. peltata, from the West Indies, and A. sessilifolia, from southern Bra¬ zil, Argentina, and Uruguay. Resumo. Neste trabalho uma nova especie de Ar¬ istolochiaceae da Mata Atlantica, Bahia, Brasil, A. longispathulata, e descrita e illustrada. Esta espe¬ cie pertence a Aristolochia subser. Hexandrae F. Gonzalez. E facilmente reconhecida por apresentar suas flores levemente curvadas, com o limbo longo, espatulado e fimbriado, alem de possuir a face ad- axial atipicamente alvo-esverdeada. Aristolochia longispathulata e semelhante a A. arcuata e A. rumicifolia, especies da regiao oriental e sul-ori- ental do Brasil, embora a morfologia floral desta especie assemelha-se a de A. peltata, das Indias Ocidentais, ou da especie A. sessilifolia, do sul do Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai. Although primarily pantropical, the genus Aris¬ tolochia (Aristolochiaceae) is more highly diverse in the Neotropics, especially in Brazil and Hispan¬ iola. Following the description of several new spe¬ cies by Martius and Zuccarini (1824), the genus Aristolochia in Brazil has been reviewed by Masters (1875), Malme (1904), Schmidt (1935, 1936, 1938), Hoehne (1925, 1927, 1942, among others), and Bazzolo and Pfeifer (1977). Hoehne’s (1942) comprehensive treatment lists some 75 species as native to Brazil. Since then, several local floras have included treatments of Aristolochiaceae (Ahu- mada, 1975; Capellari, 1996; Moore, 1915). A new collection o (Aristolochia from Bahia, Bra- zi I, has come to my attention because of its long, spatulate, fimbriate flowers (Fig. 1). This collection does not match any species known to occur in northeastern or eastern South America (see Ahu- mada, 1967, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1989; Feuillet & Poncy, 1998; Hauman, 1923; Hoehne, 1927, 1942; Masters, 1875; Moore, 1915). There is some resem¬ blance with A. rumicifolia Martius & Zuccarini (see Martius & Zuccarini, 1824, tab. 54), from the states of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, and A. arcuata Masters (Fig. 2), from the states of Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro. However, the last two species differ from the Bahian collection in sev¬ eral important diagnostic characters (Table 1), such as the shape and size of the leaves, the length of the peduncle and ovary, and the overall shape of the perianth. The discovery of a new Aristolochia species comes as no surprise as the area of Bahia is well known for endemism not only for plants but also for various groups of animals (see, e.g., Mori et al., 1983). Unfortunately, only a few patches of undisturbed forest remain in that area, which may he the reason for having no other specimens of this new species besides the type collection. Aristolochia longispathulata F. Gonzalez, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Bahia: Jussari, Serra do Teimoso, 7.5 km N of Jussari on road to Pal¬ mira, then 2 km W to Fazenda Teimoso, then 45 min. walk W to Reserva da Fazenda Tei¬ moso, 15°10'S, 39°35'W, 300-150 m, 8 Feb. 1998 (fl), IE IE Thomas, A. M. Amorim & J. L. Paixao 11741 (holotype, CEPEC; isotype, NY). Figure 1. Aristolochia arcuata et A. rumicifolia affmis, a qua im¬ primis differt perianthio subrecto, usque 9.5 cm longo, limbo spatulato longiore usque 7 cm longo, fimbriato, pa- gina interna viridi-gfauca. Glabrescent vine. Petioles to 2.5 cm long; blades narrowly ovate, 8—16 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide, membranaceous, smooth, base slightly cordate, si¬ nus 5—10 mm deep, lobes parallel, apex obtuse, glabrous and with small white, siliceous bodies above, pale green and puberulous especially along the veins below; venation acrodromous, basal pri¬ mary veins 3, prominent on the lower side, higher order venation densely reticulate, prominulous on Novon 10: 371-374. 2000. 372 Novon Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Gonzalez Aristolochia longispathulata from Brazil 373 Table 1. Comparison of diagnostic features of Aristolochia longispathulata , A. arcuata, and 4. rumicifolia. A. longispathulata 4. arcuata A. rumicifolia I .eaves narrowly ovate, with 3 ovate, subhastate, with 5 to narrowly ovate, with 3 basal veins 7 basal veins basal veins Length of petiole to 2.5 cm to 4 cm to 4 cm Length of peduncle to 5 cm to 4 cm to 2.5 cm and ovary Shape of perianth nearly straight strongly reflexed nearly straight Total length of peri- to 9.5 cm to 5 cm to 4 cm anth Shape of utricle ellipsoidal obovoid ellipsoidal Shape of perianthial limb very narrowly oblong, spatulate oblong to obovate narrowly obovate I.ength of limb to 7 cm to 3.5 cm to 2.5 cm Apex of limb obtuse obtuse emarginate Surface of limb fimbriate and with coni¬ cal trichomes fimbriate glabrous the lower side. Pseudostipules absent. Flowers ax¬ illary, solitary. Peduncle and ovary to 5 cm long, glabrescent. Perianth very slightly curved, puber- ulous and with small yellowish dots (in siccus) on the outside; utricle widely oblong, ovate, to 5.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm diam., whitish, base symmetric, slightly constricted; syrinx present, inequilateral, ca. 1 mm long; tube slightly enlarged distally, to 1.5 cm long, ca. 1.5 mm in proximal diam., 3-3.5 mm in distal diam., forming an angle of ca. 180° with the utricle, deep purple outside; limb verv nar¬ rowly oblong, forming an angle of ca. 180° with the tube, to 7 cm long and 9 mm wide (12 mm on the spatulate part), pale green on the inner surface and the margins, deep maroon on the outer surface, with the !4 distal portion spatulate and fimbriate espe¬ cially along the margins, apex round, fimbriae vas¬ cularized, to 4 mm long, conical trichomes present on the 3 A of the inner surface. Gynostemium stipi- tate, stipe ca. 1.4 mm long; anthers six, narrowly oblong, ca. 1.6 mm long, stigmatic lobes six, ca. 1.5 mm long. Capsule and seeds unknown. Aristolochia longispathulata is known only from the type specimen, collected in a semi-deciduous forest, which suggests that the species is very un¬ common. The new species belongs to Aristolochia subser. Hexandrae, one of the three infrageneric taxa proposed for the neotropical species by Gon¬ zalez (1990, 1991). The species of this subseries are easily distinguishable as they all have solitary, <— ebracteolate flowers along leafy branches, and both the petiole and the floral peduncle lack a basal abscission zone. This is the only species of subse¬ ries Hexandrae known to occur in the Mata Atlan- tica with long, straight, spatulate flowers, hence the epithet “longispathulata.” Within Aristolochia sub¬ ser. Hexandrae , the new species is closely related to A. arcuata and A. rumicifolia. However, the new species differs in several diagnostic characters, such as the narrowly ovate shape of the leaf blade, the short petiole and the long floral peduncle, and especially the conspicuously spatulate and fimbri¬ ate perianth, which is at least twice longer than in the other two species (Table 1). The long, spatulate perianth of Aristolochia lon¬ gispathulata is remarkably convergent with that of A. peltata L. (see Jacquin, 1764, tab. 4) from Cuba, Haiti, and St. Thomas, and of A. hrevifolia (Cham- isso) Hauman and .4. sessilifolia (Klotzsch) Malme (see Ahumada, 1967, 1975; Hauman, 1923; Hoeh- ne, 1927, 1942; Malme, 1904) from southern Bra¬ zil, Argentina, and Uruguay. In addition to the dis¬ junct distributions, these three species strongly differ from A. longispathulata in various vegetative traits, such as the length of the petiole, the shape of the leaves, and the pubescence on various parts of the plant. Whereas 4. hrevifolia and 4. sessilifolia are both densely puberulous and have extremely short petioles and leaves with truncate bases, 4. peltata has ovate to widely ovate and subhastate leaves. Figures f, 2. —1. Aristolochia longispathulata F. Gonzalez in field habit (Thomas et al. 11741). Note eggs of swal¬ lowtail butterfly on lower left of peduncle. Photograph by W. Thomas. —2. Aristolochia arcuata F. Gonzalez (Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew, acc. 1982-8012). Photograph by F. Gonzalez. 374 Novon It is very likely that Aristolochia longispathulata is host to at least one species of Battus, a swallow¬ tail butterfly. The type specimen bears the typical yellowish, round, gregarious eggs of this genus (Fig. 1; see also DeVries, 1987; Tyler et al., 1992), and some leaves display signs of herbivory. Acknowledgments. I am grateful to Colciencias and the National University, Santafe de Bogota, Co¬ lombia, and to The New York Botanical Garden, for financial and logistic support to continue my stud¬ ies on the systematics of Aristolochia. A. Litt (NY), R. Cranfill (University of California), and an anon¬ ymous reviewer kindly reviewed the manuscript. I thank W. Wayt Thomas (NY) for providing the spec¬ imen and the photograph of the new species and the curator of CEPEC for the loan of the holotype. I also thank Genise Vieira Freire for translating the abstract into Portuguese. Literature Cited Ahumada, L. Z. 1967. Revisibn de las Aristolochiaceae argentinas. Opera Lilloana 16: 1—145. -. 1975. Aristoloquidceas. In: II. Reitz (editor). Flo¬ ra Ilustrada Catarinense, I parte, fasc. ARIS. Itajaf, Santa Catarina. -. 1977. Novedades sistematicas en el gbnero Aris¬ tolochia (Aristolochiaceae) en Sudambrica, 1. Darwini- ana 21: 65—80. -. 1979. Novedades sistembticas en el gbnero Aris¬ tolochia (Aristolochiaceae) en Sudambrica, 11. Hickenia 1: 171-184. -. 1989. Una nueva especie de Aristolochia (Aris¬ tolochiaceae) de Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil). Folia Bot. Geobot. Correntesiana 2: 1^1. Bazzolo, T. M. & H. W. Pfeifer. 1977. Efimbriate, herba¬ ceous Aristolochias in Brazil and northwest South America. Caldasia 12(56): 19-33. Capellari, L. 1996. Las Aristolochiaceae do Estado do Sao Paulo. P. 112 in Resumos, XLV11 Congresso Nacional de Botanica, Nova Friburgo. DeVries, P. S. 1987. The Butterflies of Costa Rica and Their Natural History: Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nym- phalidae. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton. Feuillet, F. & 0. Poncy. 1998. Aristolochiaceae. In: A. R. A. Gorts-van Rijn & M. J. Jansen-Jacobs (editors). Flora of the Guianas, ser. A, 10. Gonzblez, F. 1990. Aristolochiaceae. Flora de Colombia. Monografia No. 12. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Santafb de Bogotd. -. 1991. Notes on the systematics of Aristolochia subsect. Hexandrae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 78: 497- 503. Hauman, L. 1923. Les Aristoloehiacbes de l’Argentine et de l’Uruguay. Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 315-338. Hoehne, F. C. 1925. Meia duzia de especies e duas subes- pecies novas de Aristolochias da Flora Brasilica. Arq. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo, sect. Bot., 1: 1-20. -. 1927. Monographia Ilustrada das Aristolochi- aceas brasileiras. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 20: 67—175, t. 1-103. -. 1942. Aristolochiaceas. Flora Brasflica 15(2): 1- 141, t. 1—123. Instituto de Botdnica, Sao Paulo. Jacquin, N. J. 1764. Observationum Botanicarum. Pars 1. Wien. Malme, G. 0. A. 1904. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der siida- inerikanischen Aristolochiaceen. Ark. Bot. 1: 521—551, t. 31-33. Martins, C. F P. von & J. G. Zuccarini. 1824. Nova Gen¬ era et Species Plantarum. Masters, M. T. 1875. Aristolochiaceae. Pp. 77-114, t. 17- 26 in: C. F. P. von Martius (editor), Flora Brasiliensis 4. Moore, S. M. 1915. The Aristolochias of Para (Brazil). J. Bot. 53: 1-8, t. 535. Mori, S. A., B. M. Boom, A. M. de Carvalho & T. S. dos Santos. 1983. Southern Bahian moist forests. Bot. Rev. 49: 155-232. Schmidt, O. C. 1935. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Aristo¬ lochiaceen V. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 389-394. -. 1936. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Aristolochiaceae VII. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 40: 133—135. -. 1938. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Aristolochiaceae VIII. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 52-55. Tyler. H., K. S. Brown, Jr. & K. Wilson. 1992. Swallowtail Butterflies of the Americas. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. New Taxa, Names, and Combinations in Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae) for the Flora of China Richard J. Gornall Biology Department, University of Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH, U.K. Hideaki Ohba University Museum, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Pan Jintang Herbarium, North-western Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 57 Xiquan Street, Xining, Qinghai 810001, People’s Republic of China ABSTRACT. The following new species, new vari¬ ety, new name, and four new combinations are pub¬ lished for the forthcoming account of Saxifraga L. in the Flora of China, Volume 8: S. epiphylla Gor¬ nall & H. Ohba, sp. nov., S. gemmigera Engler var. gemmuligera (Engler) J. T. Pan & Gornall, comb, nov., S. heterotricha Marquand & Airy-Shaw var. anadena (H. Smith) J. T. Pan & Gornall, comb, et stat. nov., S. hypericoides Franchet var. aurantias- cens (Engler & Irmscher) J. T. Pan & Gornall, comb, nov., S. hypericoides var. rockii (Mattfeld) J. T. Pan & Gornall, comb, et stat. nov., S. sinomon- tana J. T. Pan & Gornall, nom. nov., and S. sino- montana var. amabilis H. Smith ex J. T. Pan, var. nov. In addition, the names S. mengtzeana Engler & Irmscher and S. mengtzeana var. cordatifolia En¬ gler & Irmscher are leetotypified here. The following new species, new variety, new name, and four new combinations are required for the forthcoming account of Saxifraga L. (Pan et al., in press) in the Flora of China, Volume 8. Saxifraga epiphylla Gornall & H. Ohba, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Malipo Xian, “Pan- chia-chu,” 1500-1700 m, 31 Oct. 1947, K. M. Feng 12638 (holotype. A). Species haec a Saxifraga mengzteana Engler & Irmsch¬ er differt sinu basalium foliorum embryonibus foliaceis in- struetis. Saxifraga epiphylla and S. mengtzeana Engler & Irmscher (1913: 36) are similar species sharing the following features: stolons absent; stem usually sim¬ ple; basal leaf blades ovate, rarely reniform, hairy and spotted at least abaxially, base cordate; cauline leaves few, lanceolate to ovate; flowers zygomor- phic, disc obscure; filaments clavate. However, S. epiphylla differs from S. mengtzeana chiefly in that it produces a foliar embryo in the sinus of the basal leaf blades. The new species also has basal leaf blades glandular hispid on both surfaces, whereas S. mengtzeana has blades glabrous adaxially. In Pan (1992: 74—75, pi. 14), the name Saxifra¬ ga aculeata I. B. Balfour (1916: 70) was misapplied to the species here described as S. epiphylla. How¬ ever, the holotype of S. aculeata, A. Henry 10316B (E), which lacks foliar embryos, is also an isosyn- type of S. mengtzeana var. cordatifolia Engler & Irmscher (1913: 37), a taxon that we regard as syn¬ onymous with S. mengtzeana var. mengtzeana (see below). Indeed, there is no reference to foliar em¬ bryos in any of the protologues. The taxon with fo¬ liar embryos therefore constitutes a new species, which we here formally describe as S. epiphylla, the epithet referring to the position of foliar embryos. In their protologue for Saxifraga mengtzeana, Engler and Irmscher divided the species into two varieties: var. cordatifolia and var. peltifolia Engler & Irmscher (1913: 37). They did not cite an auto¬ nym, such as a variety “ typica which was their usual procedure, e.g., in their monograph of Saxi¬ fraga (Engler & Irmscher, 1916, 1919). Three specimens were cited under S. mengtzeana: two un¬ der variety cordatifolia {A. Henry 10316 and A. Henry 10316B, syntypes both at B) and the third under variety peltifolia [A. Henry 9118, holotype at B). No specimens were cited under the species be¬ fore the two varieties. We regard variety cordatifolia as constituting the type variety (autonym) because it is cited first in sequence (as “1. Var. cordatifol¬ ia'’''). In the accounts of polymorphic species in their monograph of the genus, Engler and Irmscher (1916, 1919) almost invariably treated the type va¬ riety first, usually as “var. a. typica .” We can infer Novon 10: 375-377. 2000. 376 Novon that in this partic ular case the authors wanted to make a nomenclatural contrast between the com¬ mon plant, with ovate-cordate leaves, and the less common variant, with peltate leaves. To clarify this taxonomic ambiguity, we are lectotypifying both S. mengtzeana and its variety cordatifolia on the same specimen. The three specimens at B have not been seen and are probably destroyed. Given this, we here designate as the lectotype of S. mengtzeana and S. mengtzeana var. cordatifolia an extant iso- syntype, Henry 10316B (E). This specimen is also the holotype of the later name S. aculeata, which now becomes a nomenclatural synonym of S. meng¬ tzeana and a superfluous name. However, S. acu¬ leata remains legitimate because it was not nomen- claturally superfluous when first published ( Saint Louis Code, Art. 52 Note 2, Greuter et al., 2000). Finally, it is worth pointing out that the holotype of Saxifraga mengtzeana var. peltifolia (A. Henry 9118, at B) is (or was) part of the same gathering as the holotype (at E) of .S', henryi I. B. Balfour (1916: 72). To our knowledge there are no problems sur¬ rounding the application of these names, other than the question of whether the peltate-leaved variant is worth recognizing as distinct from S. mengtzeana. Saxifraga geinmigera Engler var. gemmuligera (Engler) J. T. Pan & Gornall, comb. nov. Bas- ionym: Saxifraga unguiculata Engler var. gemmuligera Engler, in Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-P^tersbourg 29: 116. 1883. TYPE: China. Gansu: “in jugo septen- trionem versus a flumine Tetung, altissima re- gione alpina,” 1872, N. M. Przewalski (syn- type, LE not seen; isosyntype, B not seen, ?destroyed); “in regione alpina pr. alpem Dshachar-dsargyn,” 3500—3800 m, 1880, N. M. Przewalski (syntype, LE not seen; isosyn¬ type, B not seen, Vdestroyed). Engler and Irmscher (1916: 141, 150—151) dis¬ tinguished Saxifraga gemmigera from .S’, gemmuli¬ gera (Engler) Engler & Irmscher on the grounds that the former, which occurs in Shaanxi Province, has linear cauline leaves, whereas the latter, which occurs in Gansu, Qinghai, and Sichuan provinces, has oblong to subovate-oblong, median and distal cauline leaves. Although this is true, the variation is such that we can find no discontinuity worthy of specific separation. We therefore propose to treat the taxa as varieties, representing the two ends of a morphological continuum. Engler and Irmscher (1912: 601) commented on the identity of the two syntypes of Saxifraga un¬ guiculata var. gemmuligera at LE. They explicitly identified as S. gemmuligera the Przewalski spec¬ imen of 1872 (which they dated as July and num¬ bered as 221) and as S. unguiculata sensu stricto the Przewalski specimen of 1880 (which they dated as June and numbered as 360). Formal lectotypi- fication will have to await study of both syntypes at LE. It should be noted that the name Saxifraga gem- mifera Persoon (Syn. PI. 1: 490. 1805), whose ep¬ ithet some might think is sufficiently similar to S. gemmigera as to constitute an earlier homonym un¬ der Article 53.3 of the Saint Louis Code (Greuter et al., 2000), is invalid under Article 34.1(c) (i.e., it was published as a synonym) and consequently has no nomenclatural status. Saxifraga heterotricha Marquand & Airy-Shaw var. anadena (H. Smith) J. T. Pan & Gornall, comb, et stat. nov. Basionym: Saxifraga ana¬ dena H. Smith, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 2: 258, f. 17e-h. 1960. TYPE: China. Xizang: “Kongbo [Gongbo], Ba La, Pasum Chu,” 4350 m, 29 June 1947, Ludlow, Sherriff & Elliot 14033a (holotype, BM; isotype. A). This taxon is identical to Saxifraga heterotricha in every way except that the stem and cauline leaf margin have eglandular rather than glandular hairs. Saxifraga hypericoides Franchet var. aurantias- cens (Engler & Irmscher) J. T. Pan & Gornall, comb. nov. Basionym: Saxifraga macrostigma Franchet var. aurantiascens Engler & Irmsch¬ er, Notes Roy. Bot. Card. Edinburgh 5: 132. 1912. TYPE: China. Yunnan: “eastern flank of the Lichiang [Lijiang] Range. Lat. 27° 20' N. Alt. 10,500-11,000 ft.,” Sep. 1906, G. Forrest 2947 (syntype, E; isosyntype K); same locality but “Lat. 27° 30' N. Alt. 14^15,000 ft. ” July 1910, G. Forrest 6221A [mixed with S. aris- tulata var. longipila (Engler & Irmscher) J. T. Pan] (syntype, E; isosyntypes, BM, E); same locality but “Lat. 27° 35' N. Alt. 14,000 ft.,” Sep 1910, G. Forrest 6636B (syntype, E). The variety aurantiascens agrees in its vegetative morphology with Saxifraga hypericoides rather than with S. aristulata (including S. macrostigma ), par¬ ticularly in having adaxially pubescent leaves (rath¬ er than glabrous ones as in S. aristulata). Saxifraga hypericoides var. aurantiascens is distinguished from variety hypericoides chiefly in having a solitary flower. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Gornall et al. Chinese Saxifraga 377 Saxifraga hypericoides Franchet var. rockii (Matt- feld) J. T. Pan & Gornall, comb, et stat. nov. Basionym: Saxifraga rockii Mattfeld, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 302. 1931, non S. rockii Irmscher, Notes Roy. Bot. Card. Edinburgh 18: 267. 1935 [ = Saxifraga eglandulosa En- gler]. TYPE: China. Sichuan: “Mount Konka [Gongga Shan], Risonquemba, Konkaling,” 4400 m, June-Aug. 1928, J. F. Rock 16872 (holotype, B not seen, ?destroyed; isotypes, E, GH, K). Rock’s plant differs from variety hypericoides in having petals that are rounded or euneate at the base, rather than cordate at the base. Saxifraga sinomontana J. T. Pan & Gornall, nom. nov. Replaced synonym: Saxifraga montana H. Smith, Acta Horti Gothob. 1: 9, f. 2e, f, t. 6 [upper 2 plants]. 1924, non S. montana (Small) Fedde, Just’s Bot. Jahresber. 33(1): 613. 1906 [based on Micranthes montana Small, in Small & Rydberg, N. Amer. FI. 22: 138. 1905]. TYPE: China. Sichuan: “Moun¬ tains E ol Matang,” ca. 4800 m, s.d., II. Smith 4414 (lectotype designated by Ohba et al. (1995: 230), UPS not seen; isolectotype, BM). This new name is needed because Saxifraga montana H. Smith is a later homonym of S. mon¬ tana (Small) Fedde, a validly published combina¬ tion based on Micranthes montana Small, described from California, U.S.A. We are grateful to James L. Zarucchi (MO) for drawing this problem to our at¬ tention and lor suggesting the replacement name, which we think is most apposite. Saxifraga sinomontana J. T. Pan & Gornall var. amabilis II. Smith ex J. T. Pan. var. nov. TYPE: China. Sichuan: “Taolu distr. [Dawu Xian], montes orient.: Lhamo Mondeh La, in rupibus calcareis, 4500-4700 m,” 21 Sep. 1934, II. Smith 12278 (holotype, BM). Varietas haec a var. sinomontana differt paginis folior- um basalium pilis rufescentibus crispulis instructis. This variety differs from the polymorphic Saxi¬ fraga sinomontana var. sinomontana in having crisped, rufous, eglandular hairs on the adaxial sur¬ face of the basal leaves. This taxon was recognized at the rank of species by Smith (in sched., II. Smith 11262 and //. Smith 12278 , both at BM), but the name was never published. Acknowledgment. We thank Nicholas J. Turland (MO) lor much help in preparing the manuscript. Literature Cited Balfour, 1. B. 1916. Saxifrages of the Diptera section, with description of new species. Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 27: 65-75. Engler, A. & E. Irmscher. 1912. Revision von Saxifraga Sect. Hirculus und neue Arten anderer Sektionen. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 565—610. - & -. 1913. Diagnosen neuer Arten. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 6: 35—37. -& -. 1916. Sax i (mgaccae-Saxifraga I. In: A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich, 67(1 V. 117. I). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. -& -. 1919. Saxifragaceae-Sa.tj/raga II. In: A. Engler, Das Pflanzenreich. 69(1V. 1 1 7. II). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. Greuter, W., .1. McNeill. F. R. Barrie. 11. M. Burdet, V. Demoulin, T. S. Filgueiras, D. II. Nicolson, P. C. Sil¬ va, J. E. Skog, P. Trehane, N. ,|. Turland A I). L. Hawksworth (editors). 2000. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code). Regnum Veg. 138. Ohba, H.. S. k. Wu & S. Akiyama. 1995. Saxifraga: stud¬ ies of the flora of the Kunlun and the Karakorum moun¬ tains, central Asia, 2. J. Jap. Bot. 70: 225—232. Pan, J. T. 1992. Saxifragaceae (1). Flora Reipublicae Po- pularis Sinicae 34(2): [i]—xiv, [1]—309. Science Press, Beijing. -. R. J. Gornall & H. Ohba. In press. Saxifraga Linnaeus. In: '/. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (editors). Flora of China, Vol. 8, Brassicaceae—Saxifragaceae. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. A New Species of Dioscorea from Costa Rica Barry E. Hamniel Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Dioscorea natalia (Dioscoreaceae) is described from wet to very wet areas on both Pacific and Caribbean slopes of Costa Rica, from the Mon- teverde area to Tapantf National Park. The species’ confusion with the related D. lepida C. V. Morton is discussed, and a key is provided to distinguish it from that species and the other two closely re¬ lated Costa Rican species, D. racemosa (Klotzsch) Uline and D. standlyei C. V. Morton. During the course of work on a treatment of Dios¬ corea for the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, material of three possible new species was set aside for further study. Careful examination and review demonstrated that one of them would not be sepa¬ rated from the recently described Panamanian D. davidsei 0. Tellez, and that the other corresponds to D. lepida. The third, here described as D. na¬ talia, had previously been identified as D. lepida and with that species, is closely related to two other Costa Rican species, D. racemosa and D. standleyi. Dioscorea natalia Hammel, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Cartago: Parque Nacional Tapantf, Sen- dero Oropendula, 1400 m, 26 Sep. 1997 (stain. & pist. fl, fr), B. Hammel & S. Troyo 21068 (holotype, INB; isotypes, CR, F, MEXU, MO). Figure 1. Species subtilis D. racemosae affinis, a qua imprimis differt inflorescentiis brevioribus, paucior-floribus rachi- dibus exilioribus. Stems delicate, twisting to the right but also very rarely to the left. Leaves alternate, ovate to narrowly triangular-cordate, 4.5—6(-9.5) X 2.5—3.5(-5) cm, 7(9)-nerved, glabrous, very faintly glandular-dotted on the lower surface. Staminate inflorescences 4— 8(-10) cm, simple racemes to racemose, usually 1 to rarely as many as 5 per axil; the rachis ± ver- ruculose, very delicate, up to only twice the di¬ ameter of the pedicels; the cymes of 1 (rarely 2) flowers, subtended by a pair of narrowly triangular bracts 1-1.5 mm; pedicels 1.5— 2(-A) mm. Stami¬ nate flowers with tepals appearing nearly valvate in bud, broadly triangular, 0.8-1.1 mm, patent, pale yellowish green or cream; stamens 3, connivent in the center of a ± hexagonal torus; filaments ca. 0.1—0.15 mm, united only at the very base; anther cells ± ovoid, ca. 0.15—0.2 mm, touching those of adjacent anthers, dehiscing upward; staminodia none. Pistillate inflorescences 5—8 cm, spikes. Pis¬ tillate flowers with tepals as in the staminate ones but to 1.25 mm; styles 3, united in a conical stylar column 0-0.25 mm, the free portion, including stig¬ mas, ca. 0.4 mm; stigmas 3, simple; staminodia lacking. Fruits perpendicular to the rachis, elliptic, l. 2-2.0 X 0.5—0.9 cm, apically acute; seeds 1-1.4 X 0.3—0.4 cm, winged on the posterior end. Paratypes. COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Reserva Forestal San Rambn, ll(K) m, Apr. 1991 (fl), Hiltner 972 (CR); between San Miguel and La Palma de San Ramdn, Nov. 1926, /Irenes (278) 5124 (CR); Monteverde Reserve, Rfo Penas Rlancas, 9 20 fruits; plants usually robust . I). racemosa Acknowledgments. This work was supported, in part, by funds from the National Science Founda¬ tion through a grant (DEB-9300814) to the author and co-PI M. H. Grayunt for the Manual to the Plants of Costa Rica. I thank Osvaldo Tellez for his useful comments on an early draft of the manu¬ script and Sylvia Troyo for her excellent line draw¬ ings of the new species. Literature Cited Greuter, W„ J. McNeill, F. R. Barrie, H. M. Runlet. V. Demoulin, T. S. Filgueiras, I). H. Nicolson, P. C. Silva, J. E. Skog, P. Trehane, N. J. Turland & I). L. Hawk- sworth (editors). 2000. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code). Regnum Veg. 138. Morton, C. V. 1936. Notes on Dioscorea, with special rel- erenee to the species of the Yucatan Peninsula. Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461(1 I): 248. -. 1945. Dioscoreaceae. In R. W. Schery & R. E. Woodson, Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Rot. Card. 32: 26-33. Standley, P. C. 1937. Dioscoreaceae. Pp. 178-180 in P. C. Standley, Flora of Costa Rica, Part I. Field Museum of Natural Hisory, Chicago. Tellez V., <). & R. G. Schubert. 1994. Dioscoreaceae. Pp. 53—65 in G. Davidse, M. Sousa S. & A. (). Chater (ed¬ itors), Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 6, Alismataceae a Cy- peraceae. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F.; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis; The Natural History Museum, London. Zea nicaraguensis (Poaceae), a New Teosinte from Pacific Coastal Nicaragua Hugh H. litis Department of Botany, 430 Lincoln Drive, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1381, U.S.A. hhiltis@facstaff.wisc.edu Bruce F. Benz Department of Biology, Texas Wesleyan University, 1201 Wesleyan, Fort Worth, Texas 76105, U.S.A. benzb@txwes.edu Abstract. The geographically isolated annual te¬ osinte from the coastal plain and embayments/es- tuaries near the Gulf of Fonseca, Nicaragua, is dif¬ ferentiated from Zea luxurians from southeastern Guatemala by its much longer and more abundant tassel branches, larger number of spikelets per branch, and longer, more pronouncedly transverse¬ ly rugose outer glumes, as well as by its low-ele¬ vation coastal habitat. Molecular (ribosomal ITS) evidence and other data, placing it basal to Z. lux¬ urians, seem to support this taxonomic segregation. RESUMEN. El teosinte annual que crece en ais- lamiento geogrdfico en la planicie costera y los ba- jos inundados y esteros cerca del Golfo de Fonseca, Nicaragua, difiere de Z. luxurians del sureste de Guatemala por el numero mayor de ramas y espi- guillas por rama de la inflorescencia masculina, por la rugosidad transversal pronunciada de las glumas inferiores, adem4s de altura baja de su habitat cos- tero. Evidencia molecular ubica a esta especie como m£s primitiva a la especie Z. luxurians y apoya a esta segregacion taxondmica. “There are very recent but as yet unverified re¬ ports of teosinte [in Honduras] from the mountains of the Department of Francisco Mordzan, not far from Tegucigalpa, from the mountains of Copdn, and even Nicaragua” (Standley, 1950: 61). In November 1989, entomologist Allan H. Hrus- ka, following up on a tip from Adrian Ramos, a fellow worker in the CARE Nicaragua maize im¬ provement project, located a population of teosinte (a wild species of Zea) at Km 178 on the Chinan- dega—Somotillo highway in southwestern Nicara¬ gua. Subsequently, ripe seeds were collected and, in 1990, sent to his mentor, Lowell (“Skip”) R. Nault, eminent leafhopper taxonomist and maize vi¬ rologist at the Ohio Agricultural Research and De¬ velopment Center, Wooster, Ohio, who promptly sent two of these to litis at the University of Wis- consin-Madison. litis, in turn, alter noting their re¬ semblance to those of Guatemalan Z. luxurians (Durieu & Ascherson) Bird, forwarded the two seeds to John Doebley (then at the University of Minnesota) for preliminary analysis. This revealed great morphological similarity to, but also consid¬ erable differences in developmental behavior from, Guatemalan teosinte. The general area of Hruska’s 1989 discovery in southwest Nicaragua was visited by the authors on 5 October 1991. No teosinte was encountered there; however, repeated inquiry about the location of ad¬ ditional stands of “teosinto,” the local name, hinted at by Hruska in a letter, led us several days later to the discovery of a small population some two hours by horse from Rancho Apacunca, some 19 km to the west of Hruska’s site. Now evidently ex¬ tremely local and rare, the teosinte at this location is remarkable for its ability to grow in as much as 0.4 m of standing or slowly moving water. Zea nicaraguensis litis & Benz, sp. nov. TYPE: Nicaragua. Chinandega: Pacific coastal plain near Golfo de Fonseca, edge of now flooded [by mid-December, bone-dry] area between Estero Paimica and Estero Palo Blanco, at a place seasonally occupied by cattle herders known as El Rodeo (12°53'45"N, 86°59'W), ca. 4-5 km NNW of Apacunca (12°52'30"N, 86°57-58' W), 18-20 km SW of Villa Nueva, alt. 9 m, 8 Oct. 1991, H. H. litis, B. F. Benz & A. Grijalva 30831 (holotype, HNMN; iso¬ types, K. MEXU, MO, NY, US, WIS-2). Topotypic paratype of same population, in ripe fruit, 18 Dec 1991, //. //. litis, M. Castrillo, C. Me¬ dina & C. Aker 30919 (HNMN, WIS). Novon 10: 382-390. 2000. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 litis & Benz Zea nicaraguensis (Poaceae) 383 Similis Zeae luxurianti, sed robustior, culmis ad bases 3—5 em diam., 2—4(—5) m altis, inflorescentiis masculinis robustioribus et 23—32 cm longis, cum 27—38 ramis, dif- fert. Maize-like erect annuals, unbranched to cande- labra-branched, 2—4(—5) m tall (Fig. 1A), some¬ times with 1 to 4 stout basal tillers (suckers), these to 2 m long in giant plants, with prominent prop roots (Fig. ID). Male inflorescences (tassels) 23—32 cm long, with 27-38 slender branches (including infrequent secondary branches from the base of basal primary ones), the central one undifferenti¬ ated [all plifnts of the type not quite mature as of date of collection (8 Oct.), hence weak, with all the branches drooping downward together on one side] (Fig. IB); branches each with ca. 36 to 64 sessile- pedicellate spikelet pairs, the outer glumes with two prominent keels that merge at the apex, ca. 9— 11 mm long, strongly transverse rugulose especially when young (Fig. 1C); culms (tassel peduncles) im¬ mature in the type specimens, only ca. 3—6 cm long, but dramatically elongating to 25 cm or more by maturity; tassel branching axes variable, 8—12 cm long. Female spikes in sheathed complex clus¬ ters, 6—18 cm long, on peduncles of variable length, enclosed by glabrous, linear-lanceolate spathes, these 6—10 cm long; fruitcases ca. 4 to 10 per spike, trapezoidal appressed-cylindric, very smooth and shiny, ± uniformly colored a light to dark (cof¬ fee or earthen) brown, 7—10 mm on the long (glume) side, 3-6 mm on the short side, 4—6 mm diam. (Fig. 1C). Flowering (tasseling) from mid-October to early November, with fruitcases mature in mid-Decem¬ ber. Common name “Teosinto.” The still somewhat immature tassel of one of the two WIS isotypes (Fig. IB), symbolized by the sec¬ ond highest filled circle on Figure 2, was used in 1992 for the University of Wisconsin Herbarium’s traditional New Year’s card, photocopied directly and unreduced from the specimen onto herbarium- size sheets and sent to over 400 herbaria, botanists, and friends all over the world. Distribution, ecology, and habitat. (All locations on lower half of Nicaragua topographic sheet Villa Nueva 1:50,000, 1989): Zea nicaraguensis appears to be restricted to the Department of Chinandega, Nicaragua, in the lowlands of the Gulf of Fonseca that drain to the nearby Pacific Ocean, at elevations of 9 m (type collection) to 75 m (according to Hrus- ka’s seed collection, presumably from near Israel; see below). We were told by some local old cam- pesinos that this very flat landscape was once cov¬ ered mostly by savannas of Crescentia, with gallery forests only near the confluence and levees of sea¬ sonal streams. (1) The Apacunca (holotype) locality. The nearby savannas had in the past often been cleared for agriculture, once for rice, then for pasture, and are now heavily grazed by cattle. At the October date of collection, this vast treeless plain was under 0.2- 1.5 m of very slow-moving water but deceptively covered with a dense, lush, and green, rooted float¬ ing mat of mostly introduced Old World and some native New World grasses, such as Brachiaria mu - tica (Forsskal) Stapf, Echinochloa polystachya (HBK) Hitchcock, E. pyramidalis (Lamarck) Hitch¬ cock & Chase, Oryza latifolia Desvaux, Paspalum virgatum L., and Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rud- ge) Nees, as well as colonies of Neptunia sp., Tha¬ lia geniculata L., and Echinodorus paniculatus Mieheli, the last two often locally dominant. The dense gallery forest, where the teosinte grew, was located on a slightly higher river levee, which formed somewhat of an island, where, inaccessible to cattle during flooding, the teosinte was thus pro¬ tected especially in its early stages from grazing (Fig. 3). Teosinte, now rare, was reported by the old cowboys at Rancho Apacunca to have been “ubiq¬ uitous” here in the past. With floodplain savanna on one side, and a sea¬ sonal flooding river (estero) on the other, the strip of gallery forest of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertner, Pithecellobium dulce (Roxburgh) Bentham, Entero- lobium cyclocarpum (Jacquin) Bentham, and Bra- vaisia integerrima (Sprengel) Standley had an un¬ derstory of Coccoloba (2 spp.), Bactris minor Jacquin, Cassia reticulata L., Caesalpinia spp., and Crescentia alata HBK, and here, also, towering thickets of gigantic plants of teosinte. Growing both in shade and on the forest’s sunny margins, their stems and prop roots were covered by shallow standing water 10—40 cm deep, this by 8 October beginning to recede (Fig. ID). But only a very few of the several hundred teosinte plants were now starting to “shoot out" their male inflorescences, and, despite diligent searching, all we could find were nine somewhat immature tassels, which be¬ came the type collection (see Discussion). (2) The Cayanlipe locality (for paratype and sec¬ ond population) lies in the flat, mostly treeless Comarca Cayanlipe 4 km south and east of the vil¬ lage of Cayanlipe in the Llano de Toreras and 7 km east-southeast of the Apacunca station. Although this area gets flooded as well as during the rainy season, the dirt road nearby is not elevated like the one leading to Rancho Apacunca, a circumstance that prevented us from visiting this teosinte popu¬ lation in October. Zea plants here are ca. 3.0—3.5 384 Novon Volume 10, Number 4 2000 litis & Benz Zea nicaraguensis (Poaceae) 385 30 - E □ o "aj LT) □ O A ° o £ 20 H a a o A 1— o _C □ AOD A A _On □ A □ oh c 0) _i ra 2 O u > » A 4190 420□ 421A Z. fu?(urians Karen Lind / Guatemala O □ • Z. nicaraguensis litis et al. 30831 0 10 20 30 40 50 Number of Tassel Branches Figure 2. Scatter diagram of seven (of the eight) isotypes of Z. nicaraguensis (litis et al. 30831) and three mass collections of Z. luxurians [based on K. Lind 419, 420. and 421 from the vicinity ol El Progreso, Dept. Jutiapa, Guatemala (location data in Doebley, 1983: 36; specimens In WIS)]. m tall, unbranched or some with long upper can¬ delabra branches. A few had up to 4 basal shoots (tillers), and all were now past fruiting on 18 De¬ cember, the date of collection, with their tassel branches mostly disarticulated. The now bone-dry savanna of jicaro, Crescendo, alata HBK, and scat¬ tered Guazuma ulmifolia Lamarck was covered by solid stands of the African Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf. At this location, the Zea population was mar¬ ginalized to a dense, weedy, spiny thicket of Bytt- neria aculeata (Jacquin) Jacquin and Acacia far- nesiana (L.) Willdenow, where, safe from cattle, it survives in a small colony of less than 20 individ¬ uals. (3) Israel, Nicaragua: In 1991, A. H. Hruska wrote to L. R. Nault that he had located teosinte on 7 Nov. 1989 “. . .‘in tassel’. . .at km 178 [from Managua] of the Chinandega—Somotillo highway at elevation of about 75 m, in dry jicaro (calabash) savanna forest on very heavy clay. . .. From all in¬ dication this is not a recently introduced popula¬ tion, for peasants around there say it’s a well known plant, that has always been here. . .. There was lots more where this came from." (From copy of letter, in WIS!) There is some question concerning the exact lo¬ cation of Hruska’s population. Location Km 178 lies at an elevation of ca. 20 m, as is the land surrounding the village of Israel, which was not vis¬ ited by us, hidden behind some hills 2 km from the highway to the southeast. We suspect that Hruska’s teosinte came from the savanna-covered flatlands only 11—15 m in elevation, located 1—6 km south and east on the dirt road to Mina El Limon, espe- Figure 1. Zea nicaraguensis litis & Benz at the type locality (18 Dec. 1991). —A. Dense thicket of dry, overmature, mostly unbranched, 3—5 m tall plants, with tassels (0.2—0.4 m long) mostly disarticulated and missing. Cony Navaez, curator of UNAN-Leon Herbarium, standing. —B. Young tassel, with lax branches drooping over on one side, before elongation of the culm, i.e., the ultimate and often very long internode just beneath the tassel. (8 Oct. 1991). —C. Mature fruitcases and overmature tassel branches of A. —D. Prop roots of A. (A, C, D, III is et al. 30919: B, litis et al. 30831.) 386 Novon Volume 10, Number 4 2000 litis & Benz Zea nicaraguensis (Poaceae) 387 cially in areas marked on the map as Llano El Coy- ol, Sitios de Algodon, and Laguna El Tule. While northeast of Israel the topographic map shows many scattered 20—40(—161) m high and very steep cliffs jutting out of the plain (and there was even one adjacent to the highway near Km 178, which we climbed), these, it would seem, would be unlikely habitats lor Zea nicaraguensis. In any case, inten¬ sive fieldwork in this “botanically promised land” of Israel, Nicaragua, would be highly desirable. There exists a herbarium specimen, collected on 19 September 1990, grown from Hruska’s seeds (Doebley 648, MIN), the label data of which state that: “Plants grown in a growth chamber at the Uni- versity of Minnesota, produced mature seeds four months after planting, this much more rapidly than is typical of ... [Zea luxurians ]. This collection, clearly differentiated from the Guatemalan form of this species by its small stature and early maturity, may represent a new subspecies.” In addition, of course, it may simply show how enormously sen¬ sitive in their responses to moisture, daylength, and altitude annual teosinte plants can be. (See below; also Bird, 2000; litis, 1983, 1987, 2000.) Paratypes. NICARAGUA. Chinendaga: Pacific coastal plain (planice costera) near Golfo de Fonseca, just S of Cornarca Cayanlipe (a vast Sorghum-cultivated, tree¬ less plain) at a place locally called “La Tronconado,” 3 km S of village of Cayanlipe, 14 km SW of Villa Nueva, 12°52'25"N, 86°54'50"W, alt. 15 m, 16 Dec. 1991 (fr), H. II. litis, M. Castrillo & C. Medina 30900 (Vi IS): re-col- lection of the holotype population (see above), 18 Dec. 1991 (fr), II. II. litis, M. Castrillo, C. Medina A: C. Aker 30919 (IINMN, Vi IS), with a 2 kilo total of bulked seed germ plasm of same deposited in the germ plasm banks ol the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improve¬ ment. Texcoco, Mexico. I.D. CIMMYT 13451. fide S. Taba [11033, fide Bird, 2000); the Nicaraguan Agricultural University (UNA), Managua; the U.S.D.A., Northcentral Regional Plant Introduction Station (NC7), Ames, Iowa, l.D. Ames 21893; and John Doebley, now in Madison at the University of Wisconsin’s Genetics Department. Ethnobotanical notes on “Teosinto . ” On 8 Octo¬ ber 1991 at Rancho Apacunca, Felix Valenidaceda indicated that “teosinto” is consumed by cattle only when young. When mature, the plant is used to make ramadas [fences, shelters, or roofs perhaps]. Valenidaceda told us that “from 7 to 10 years ago, the area from El Jicote to El Rodeo to Los Pozitos was covered by teosinto, common enough to be dominant in the local vegetation. Cattle grazing has always been practiced in this region. . .”, though in the more recent past it has become a year-round enterprise, probably correlated with the construc¬ tion of the prominently elevated gravel road to Ran¬ cho Apacunca. Apparently “. . .10, maybe 15 years ago Apacunca was not occupied year round; it was inhabited only during the summer months because water then becomes available. . .” hence the name (on the 1961 topographic sheet made from 1954 aerial photos) Veraneadero Apacunca. (Note: the 1989 topographic map Villa Nueva 1:50,000 gives just plain Apancunca—the n evidently in error— the omission of Veraneadero suggesting full-year oc¬ cupancy.) “The people moved seasonally from a community, called La Mesa, near Somotillo, ca. 12 km to the north, to Apacunca in April or May, when it begins to rain. They stayed until December (or longer, depending on water availability) and then returned to La Mesa until May. In the lowlands, i.e., Apacunca, they tended a few cattle and raised com.” This information comes from local campesi- nos, all men, who indicated that when “teosinto” was encountered in their plots, presumably slash and burn, the cattle consumed it as fodder. Implicit in this description (which was specified by Achiles Peralta, a citizen of the village of Israel) was the observation that when the people finally settled in Apacunca year-round and maintained large herds of cattle and planted crops other than corn, i.e., rice, the teosinte became scarce (cf. Wilkes in litt. about a similar situation in the Valley of Mexico). Kky to thk Annual Species ok Zea Section Lvxurian- tes Doebley & Ii.tis (Organized to fit into the key in Doebley & litis, 1980: 991. underneath the number 2 couplet). 2a. Tassels 12-24 cm long, the branches rather stiff¬ ly ascending; number of tassel branches (4—) 10— 28, each 7—21 cm long; central tassel branching space (or axis) short, (1—)3—6(—9) cm long; num¬ ber of spikelet pairs per primary tassel branch 20—35 or fewer; length of culm (peduncle) (10—) 12—20(—23) cm long; Mexico (Oaxaca), southeast Guatemala, Honduras (Choluteca) . . . . Zea luxurians (Durieu & Ascherson) Bird 2a. Tassels (23—immature) 26—32 cm long, the branches relatively lax and drooping; number of tassel branches 27—38, each 13—28 cm long or longer; central tassel branching space (8—) 10— 12 Figure 3. Hunting teosinte in Nicaragua. Alfredo Grijalva, Herbarium curator at UCA, Managua. Nicaragua, and Hugh H. litis (in front). Director of WIS, accompanied by Bruce Benz, Assistant Professor of Biology at Texas Wesleyan University, Ft. Worth, Texas (who took the photograph), crossing a gallery forest on the broad, flat, seasonally flooded lowlands inland from the Golfo de Fonseca on the Pacific Ocean in Depto. Chinandega, in southwestern Nicaragua near the Honduran border. Photo Bruce Benz. 388 Novon cm long; number of spikelet pairs per primary tassel branch mostly 36—64 or more; length of culm (only one available) 25.4 cm long ; Nica¬ ragua (Chinandega) . . Zea nicaraguensis litis & Benz Discussion The closest relative of Zea nicaraguensis is clearly Z. luxurians of southeastern Guatemala (Doebley & litis, 1980; Doebley, 1983; litis et al., 1986), an annual with similar, strongly two-nerved lower glumes. But, as the above key and Figure 2 show, the primary tassels of Z. luxurians are small¬ er in many ways than those of Z. nicaraguensis, differing in tassel length (12-24 vs. 23-32 cm), number of tassel branches (4—28 vs. 27-38), cen¬ tral tassel branching space (1-9 vs. 8-12 cm), and number of spikelet pairs per branch (ca. 20-35 vs. 36—64). Moreover, the primary tassels of the type specimens are all still immature (Fig. IB); (1) their spikelets are all closed, and not anywhere near an- thesis; (2) the lower quarter of the tassels, their branches still tightly enveloped by the uppermost leal sheath for 6-8 cm, are still only the palest green, with the exposed ends of the branches still lax and drooping off together and sideways (Fig. IB); and (3) even more immature are the markedly undeveloped tassel culms, that is, the ultimate, generally very long internode beneath the male in¬ florescences: in the seven (out of the nine) type specimens measured, they are only 2.5-5.6 cm long, soft and pale yellow, and are yet to dramati¬ cally elongate to their full length sometime just be¬ fore anthesis. Fortunately, we do have, from this same population, one fully mature peduncle, col¬ lected on 18 December 1991, the day we returned to collect 2 kilograms of ripe seed germ plasm from thi s, now weather- and animal-devastated, popula¬ tion (Fig. 1A). This single “corpse” of a tassel is borne on a culm fully 25.4 cm long (!), with the tassel itself, however, reduced to its axis and a few short branch stubs. Such a long culm (or even lon¬ ger as suggested by Fig. 1A) is what one would expect, in comparison to the shorter culm length range (10-23 cm) of the Guatemalan Z. luxurians. Thus what a fully mature Nicaraguan teosinte tassel would look like in all its glory, we can only guess. But with tassels over 40 cm in diameter, it surely must be a beautiful sight. While our limited measurements of Z. luxurians spikelets agree well with those provided by Doebley (1983), this by far the most sophisticated mathe¬ matical analysis of the Zea male inflorescence ever, our values for Z. nicaraguensis clearly exceed his numbers for Z. luxurians. Unfortunately, because of our collection’s immaturity, we did not measure many of the characters he employed, a task that must be left to others at a time when better field- collected material of this species will become avail¬ able. Molecular evidence. Recently, Buckler and Holtsford (1996) demonstrated from ribosomal ITS (internal transcribed spacer) evidence that within the Luxurians clade, the Nicaraguan teosintes from Chinandega (our Z. nicaraguensis from near Apa- eunca) are basal to the Chiquimula teosintes from Guatemala (Z. luxurians ), a finding of considerable interest. Environment versus genetics, the unknown in the equation. How much of the large size of the Z. nicaraguensis tassels, and of the Nicaraguan teo¬ sinte plants as a whole, is due to the moist habitat and how much to genetics, is at present unanswer¬ able. Certainly, wild Zea species are enormously sensitive to even the slightest environmental chang¬ es in daylength and moisture, as litis (1983, 1987, 2000) has repeatedly described in regard to tiller¬ ing and branching. Bird (2000) recently demon¬ strated this experimentally with Z. nicaraguensis, grown in Mexico City and North Carolina from to- potypic seeds ( litis et al. 30831), producing bizarre plants not resembling the native grown material whatsoever. The label data of Doebley 648, grown in Minneapolis and cited above, make the same point. How would natural selection act on such easily modifiable and labile phenotypes? For teosinte, the environment brings out unsuspected, genetically based potentials, with the genotype essentially re¬ maining the same (litis, 1983; 892). Continued, di¬ rectional selection would increase this potential to the point where it will become genetically assimi¬ lated (Waddington, 1957) by what Mayr (1970: 110—111) calls threshold selection, which allows certain cryptic genes to become expressed. Speci- ation, by way of a founder population in geographic isolation, such as here in Nicaragua, might thus soon occur. While we do not know the chromosome number of Z. nicaraguensis (probably diploid like Z. luxu¬ rians, with n = 10), nor the degree of interfertility between Z. nicaraguensis and Zea mays L. subsp. mays, with no such hybrids known, we anticipate that this species will provide maize breeders with a potentially valuable source of germ plasm that may lead to the development of maize capable of growing in water-logged soils. Finally, it was the desire to see fully mature flow¬ ering material of the Nicaraguan populations that caused us to delay publishing, until events beyond Volume 10, Number 4 2000 litis & Benz Zea nicaraguensis (Poaceae) 389 our control have now forced the issue. Although collecting this population at the right time would have its problems (the area was land-mined during the recent Contra war), it would have its rewards as well. We may only hope that now, with the ap¬ pearance of the Flora de Nicaragua (Stevens et al., 2000), the ever-larger contingent of well-trained Nicaraguan botanists and environmentalists, with aid from conservationists worldwide, will take up this challenge and work hard to have these wild populations of teosinte preserved, if at all possible, in situ (Guzman & litis, 1991). It should and can be done! Long live Nicaraguan biodiversity! [Postscript: The Honduran Collection of P. C. Standley: This remarkably prolific collector of the Mesoamerican flora discovered a teosinte in 1949 at San Antonio de Padua, Department of Choluteca, Honduras, at 850 m (Standley, 1950) (P. C. Stan¬ dley & J. de Dios Cruz 24677), a station not much more than 90 km north from those we located in Nicaragua. Standley’s herbarium material (in F, LIC, US), relegated to Z. luxurious by Wilkes (1967), Doebley and litis (1980), and Doebley (1983), in¬ cludes old tassels that suggest affinity to the Gua¬ temalan populations. On 17 October 1991, the first author traveled the length of the valley east of Pes- pire up to San Antonio de Padua, but had no suc¬ cess in locating any teosinte. However, at Pespire and localities to the east of it, a number of infor¬ mants (six out of ten, all older men) instantly rec¬ ognized fruitcases of teosinte shown to them as “ah, si, es mafz cafe” or “maizena,” local names of a plant which, they said, “used to grow abundantly here thirty years ago and was sometimes cultivated as a coffee substitute.” Some even said it used to be planted ( sembrar ), but at San Antonio, where the road ends high up in the mountains, no one seemed to know it. Admittedly, it was nearly dark when we arrived and informants were scarce. The two other collections from San Antonio, cited by Doebley (1983: 37) as Z. luxurious [Freytag s.n. (MO) and Molina 5881, 5882 (US)], were not now available to us, but at the time of our collaboration (Doebley & litis, 1980) we must have thought them well within the range of variability of Z. luxurious.] Acknowledgments. Thanks are due first of all to the perceptive Adrian Ramos and Allan Hruska of CARE Nicaragua, the discoverers of teosinte in Nicaragua; to Lowell Nault, who conveyed two fruit- cases to us; and to John Doebley, who grew them out and made preliminary observations: to all, our appreciation. We must next gratefully acknowledge the help of our botanical colleagues at the National Herbarium of Nicaragua, Managua (HNMN), Cris¬ tobal Medina and Milton Castrillo, but especially Alfredo Grijalva, its Director, who without protest drove us twice in one week from Managua to Chin- andega and thus ensured our success in locating the new teosinte. At Rancho Apacunco we were aided by Conrado Moradez and Sr. Tinoco, the own¬ er of the land, who gave us permission to collect and graciously allowed us to borrow his horses and his well-armed guides. Reaching back in time, we are grateful to my former student and Guatemalan botanist, Karen Lind, for the three population sam¬ ples of Z. luxurious collected, at the first author’s request, near El Progreso, Jutiapa, Guatemala, in 1978. For help during the Honduran excursion to re¬ locate Standley’s maiz cafe, the first author much enjoyed the hospitality of the Escuela Agricola PanAmericana at Zamorano and the aid given there by George Pilz, and especially Roberto Young and Ramon Zuniga, both of the latter invaluable and stimulating field companions. Editorial comments on the manuscript by Ted Cochrane and an anon¬ ymous reviewer were much appreciated, as was the naming of our grass collections by Gerrit Davidse. Finally, this research was supported by the Nave Bequest to the Latin American Studies Program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and by the 0. N. and E. K. Allen Fund of the U.W. Herbarium (WIS). The illustrations were expertly prepared by Kandis Elliot and the manuscript by Loraine Stri- bley of the U.W. Botany Department and by Liz Levitt, undergraduate student in the U.W. Zoology Department: to our thanks we add our affection. Literature Cited Bird, R. M. 2000. A remarkable new teosinte from Nica¬ ragua: Growth and treatment of progeny. Maize Coop¬ eration Genetics Newsl. 74: 58—59. Buckler, E. S., IV & T. P. Iloltsford. 1996. Zea system- atics: Ribosomal ITS evidence. Molee. Biol. Evol. 13: 612-622. Doebley. J. F. 1983. The maize and teosinte male inflo¬ rescence: A numerical taxonomic study. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 70: 32-70. -& H. H. litis. 1980. The taxonomy of Zea (Gra- mineae). 1. Subgeneric classification with key to taxa. Amer. j. Bot. 67: 982-993. Guzman, M. R. & H. H. litis. 1991. Biosphere Reserve established in Mexico to protect rare maize relative |Zea diploperennis]. Diversity 7(1 and 2): 82—84. [Spanish edition. Diversity 7(1 and 2): 89-92.] litis, H. H. 1983. From teosinte to maize: The catastrophic sexual transmutation. Science 222: 886—894. -. 1987. Maize evolution and agricultural origins. Pp. 195—213 in T. R. Soderstrom, K. W. Hilu, C. S. Campbell & M. E. Barkworth (editors), Grass System- atics and Evolution. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 390 Novon -. 2(XK). Homeotic sexual translocations and the or¬ igin of maize (Zea mays, Poaceae): A new look at an old problem. Econ. Bot. 54: 7-42. -. I). A. Kolterman & B. F. Benz. 1986. Accurate documentation of germ plasm: The lost Guatemalan te- osirites (Zea, Gramineae). Econ. Bot. 40: 69-77. Mayr, E. 1970. Populations, Species and Evolution. Belk¬ nap Press of Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Massa¬ chusetts. Standley, P. C. 1950. Teosinte in Honduras. Ceiba 1: 58-61. Stevens, W. I)., C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool & 0. M. Montiel (editors). 2000. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80. Waddington, C. H. 1957. The Strategy of the Genes. Allen & Unwin, London. Wilkes, H. G. 1967. Teosinte: The closest relative of maize. The Bussey Institution of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Two New Brazilian Species of Oryctina (Loranthaceae) witli a Revised Key to the Genus Job Kuijt Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada ABSTRACT. Two new species from central Brazil of the South American genus Oryctina (Lorantha¬ ceae) are described and illustrated, 0. eubrachioi- des Kuijt and 0. quadrangularis Kuijt. The absence of a calyculus in the male flower of several Oryctina species represents a nearly unique feature within the family, and the lack of staminodia in the female flower has elsewhere been noted only in two species of Cladocolea. The affinities of Brazilian species with Venezuelan ones are briefly discussed. Dis¬ tinctions between the two groups of species, based largely on the structure of bracteoles and stami¬ nodia, suggest that the generic name Maracanthus may have to be revived for the Venezuelan species. A new key to the genus is presented, including the new species. In recent years, the South American genus Or¬ yctina (Loranthaceae) has significantly swelled from its original monotypic status (Kuijt, 1991). The ge¬ nus currently consists of six species, but recent col¬ lections have brought to light two more, distinctive Brazilian species. Both are herein described and illustrated, and followed by some general comments on the genus, including a new key to all species now comprising Oryctina. Oryctina is one of 16 hemiparasitic genera of Loranthaceae, all of which are strictly limited to the New World. This group of genera may consist of two distinct lineages as indicated by flower size and other features, Oryctina being part of the small- flowered group also containing the better known and larger genera Phthirusa and Struthanthus. Nearly all New World Loranthaceae possess an in¬ conspicuous calyculus directly below the 4 to 6(7) petals. The frequently minute flowers and, upon oc¬ casion, the much contracted inflorescences, have in the past posed considerable challenges to the tax¬ onomic interpretation of some of these genera. Oryctina eubraohioides Kuijt, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Januaria, Vale do Peru- a^u, inicio do Cerrado de Judas, 15°7'10"S, 44°13'21''W on Aspidosperma, Salino & Got- schalg 4037 (holotype, BHCB not seen; iso¬ type, LEA). Figures 1, 2. Frutex dioicius, squamatus, gracilis; intemodiis ad 1.5 cm longis, teretibus. Folia ad 1.5 mm longa. cucullata peltata. Spicae paene sessiles, ca. 4 mm longae. Squamate plants, sparsely branched, the branch¬ es very slender, stiff, internodes to 1.5 cm long, terete, covered with innumerable raised stomata forming conspicuous, minute tubercles. Leaf-scales about 1.5 mm long, strongly cucullate and peltate, fringed with dark brown hairs, the adaxial surface also with brown hairs, hairs becoming white with age, leaf-scales paired but in threes on vigorous shoots. Dioecious, the inflorescences nearly sessile, about 4 mm long at anthesis, in the male plant often some 20 pairs in series on an unbranched shoot, mostly singly in the axil of scale-leaves, sometimes with a second, smaller, superposed inflorescence; peduncle somewhat less than 1 mm, followed bv up to 10 pairs of brown-fringed, minute scale-leaves, each subtending a bright lemon-colored bud or flower, the mature bud ca. 1 mm diam., globular, flanked by 2 laterally placed, very inconspicuous, blunt, hair-fringed prophyllar bracteoles. Petals 6, strongly dimorphic in both sexes, the longer ones 1 mm long, shorter ones ca. 0.5 mm. Male flower lacking a calyculus, anthers ca. 0.25 mm, globular but slightly bilobed, bilocular, sessile on the middle of the petals; style 0.5 mm long, cylindrical, stigma not differentiated. Female flower 1.5 mm long when mature, half of which is ovary, calyculus distinct, petals without staminodial remnants, style to 0.5 mm long, cylindrical, stigma slightly differentiated as a terminal swelling, very slightly papillate. Fruit at least 3 X 1.5 mm, ellipsoid but with a somewhat expanded calycular region, blunt-tipped. The specific name indicates a striking general similarity to the genus Eubrachion (Eremolepida- ceae), a similarity that is carried through to the more or less peltate scale-leaves (see the illustra¬ tion in Kuijt, 1988, fig. 2d & e). In the present species, however, the scale-leaves are profusely fimbriate, which is not true for Eubrachion. The partial base of the plant included in the LEA spec¬ imen cited below suggests that no epicortical roots are present in O. eubrachioides. The occurrence of such roots and/or their placement on the plant in Novon 10: 391-397. 2000. 392 Novon figure 1. Oryclina eubrachioides Kuijt, Sahno & Gotschalg 4037 (LEA). —a. Habit, with mature fertile branch ascending at right. —b. Young shoot tip, showing fringed scale-leaves. —c. Inflorescence. —d. Male bud, showing five of the six petals; note absence of calyculus. —e. Male flower, partly dissected to show three petals, their anthers, and the rudimentary style. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Kuijt Brazilian Oryctina 393 Figure 2. Oryctina eubrachioid.es , Salino & Stehmann 3304 (LEA). —a. Female inflorescence. —b. Female bud, showing five of the six petals. —c. Female flower, partly dissected. —d. Fruit. other small-flowered neotropical Loranthaceae fre¬ quently provide important taxonomic distinctions. The diagnostic features of 0. eubrachioid.es con¬ sist of the combination of an extremely attenuate habit, the peculiar, fringed peltate scale-leaves, and the absence of a calyculus in the male flower. Paratype. BRAZIL. Minus Gerais: Januaria, Vale do Rio lVruayu, Cerrado do Judas, Salino & Stehmann 3304 (BHCB, LFA). Oryctina quadrangnlaris Kuijt, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Januaria, Vale do Peru- agu, carrascal proximo da entrada para Fazen¬ da Terra Brava, 15°6'45"S, 44°15'36"W, Salino & Gotschalg 4009 (holotype, BHCB not seen; isotype, LEA). Figure 3. Plantae foliosae, dioiciae; eaulibus quadrangularibus; internodiis ad 2 cm longis. Folia ad 20 X 8 mm, elliptica. Pedunculi ca. 7 mm longi, quadrangulares. Small, branched plants with rather stout, strongly and persistently quadrangular internodes to 2 cm long, the stem ridges callused even when young and becoming light-colored, the stomata crowded and 394 Novon Figure 3. Oryctina quadrangularis Kuijt, Salino & Gotschalg 4009 (LEA). —a. Habit. —b. Female inflorescence. —c. Female bud. —d. Female flower, partly dissected, showing three of the six petals and the style. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Kuijt Brazilian Oryctina 395 raised as minute tubercles. Leaves to 20 X 8 nun, elliptical, apex and base obtuse, petiole 1 mm, ve¬ nation with 3 or 5 palmate, rather obscure veins; leal surface similar to stem surface; axillary region of stem and petiole with brown hairs. Inflorescence at least 12 mm long (immature), peduncle ca. 7 mm long, strongly quadrangular or compressed, expand¬ ing distally, the fertile portion bearing at least 10 pairs of scale-leaves fringed with brown hairs, each scale-leaf subtending a single, sessile flower flanked by two lateral, broad and obtuse prophyllar bracteoles. Dioecious, the type female. Mature bud 1 mm long and nearly as broad, ± ovoid; ovary hall the size of the bud; petals dimorphic, the larger ones 0.5 mm long, the others somewhat shorter; staminodial remnants absent. Style as long as short¬ er petals, cylindrical, the upper half a distinct, ovoid stigma. Fruit unknown. The only collection (other than the type) of O. scabrida (Eiehler) Tieghem ever recorded, to my knowledge, was made in 1973 (. Anderson 6881, Brazil. Goias: 25 km SW of Monte Alegre de Goias, LEA. NY, RB). However, I now consider this an erroneous assignment, and include this collection under the present species on a provisional basis. The intemodes of 0. scabrida are “only very slight¬ ly quadrangular” and soon become terete (Kuijt, 1976b), while those of 0. quadrangularis are strongly and persistently so. Additionally, the inflo¬ rescence peduncle of the only reliably known col¬ lection of O. scabrida is clearly terete and slender, and relatively young, and its leaves are much more slender than those of O. quadrangularis. However, the near absence of the striking, marginal hairs on all young scale-leaves of the Anderson collection contrasts with the latter, cautioning me to cite that collection here in a provisional way only. Discussion The genus Oryctina is closely related to Clado- colea (Kuijt, 1975, 1992), differing in the mostly determinate inflorescences and ebracteolate flowers of the latter. The genus Oryctanthus, also closely related to the present genus, consistently differs from all other small-flowered genera of Lorantha- ceae in having a unique pollen structure (Feuer & Kuijt, 1985), stellate fiber bundles in the leaf (Kuijt, 1976b), and strap-shaped floral bracteoles. In the female flowers of Loranthaceae thus far described, with the exceptions of Tupeia antarctica (J. G. A. Forster) Chamisso & Schlechtendal (Kuijt, 1969, fig. 2—lOh), Cladocolea coriacea Kuijt (Kuijt, 1987), as well as Oryctina scabrida and 0. suba- phylla C. T. Rizzini (Kuijt, 1981), staminodial rem¬ nants are always present. The new species present us with further examples of lacking staminodial remnants. We may anticipate, again in parallel with Viscaceae (see Kuijt, Phoradendron, in prep.), and also like 0. eubrachioides and O. subaphylla, that an aborted style will be present in the male flower of O. quadrangularis. The calyculus in Loranthaceae has been much debated, and is generally regarded as a greatly re¬ duced calyx. It normally exists as an inconspicuous rim of tissue directly below the perianth, and is diagnostic of the family. In a single species of Lor¬ anthaceae, Tupeia antarctica from New Zealand, the male flower lacks a calyculus, while this struc¬ ture is present in the female (see Kuijt, 1969). Riz¬ zini (1977) observed the absence of a calyculus in 0. subaphylla, but implied that this applied also to female flowers. It is of great interest, therefore, to discover another species, O. eubrachioides, also lacking a calyculus in the male flower while pos¬ sessing it in the female flower. The generally re¬ duced condition of this species strongly suggests that we can regard this as a reductional phenome¬ non. It might be added that the male flowers of the genus, especially those of O. eubrachioides and 0. scabrida, are probably the smallest flowers in Lor¬ anthaceae, even in the small-flowered neotropical group. Unfortunately, no male flowers of 0. quad¬ rangularis are available but they, also, likely lack a calyculus. Even though the four known Brazilian species, all clearly closely related, are inconspicuous plants and easily overlooked in the field, their rarity in¬ vites comment. The generie type 0. scabrida was collected in 1840 and may still constitute the only authentic preserved material. One of the species here newly described (0. quadrangularis) is known only from the type collection; the other, O. eubra¬ chioides, is known from just two collections, both from the Januaria region in Minas Gerais. The sec¬ ond species to be described in the genus, 0 . su¬ baphylla in 1977, is with certainty also known from only two specimens, the type and Pirani 1837 (LEA). A third specimen, Pirani et al. 1951 from Dianopolis, 10 km from Taipas near Morro da Ca- be^a Branca (Serra do Ouro), Goicis (LEA, SPF), is here also provisionally assigned to O. subaphylla. It thus seems clear that the four Brazilian species are rare and highly localized species, and concen¬ trated in a very small area of central Brazil. The information presented in the present paper increases the systematic cohesion of the Brazilian species cluster but simultaneously distances them from the other four Oryctina species (O. badilloi (Ferrari) Kuijt, O. myrsinites (Eiehler) Kuijt, O. 396 Novon chlamydata (Rizzini) Kuijt, and O. pedunculata (Kuijt) Kuijt). These four species occur in Vene¬ zuela and the Guianas, at least 1800 km to the northwest of Brazilian taxa. In the first two species, 0. badilloi and O. myrsinites, flowers are bisexual. However, 0. chlamydata and 0. pedunculata are dioecious plants (Kuijt, 1976a). Even in these di¬ oecious species, the staminodia in female flowers are unusually large and very different from Brazil¬ ian Oryctina species. Furthermore, all flowers of the four species from northwestern South America have distinctive calyculi. Finally, the shape of their brac- teoles, consistent at the generic level in neotropical Loranthaceae (for example, Oryctanthus, Kuijt, 1976b), is quite different from those in Brazilian species. In the four species found outside Brazil, bracteoles are conspicuous, relatively large, trian¬ gular or naviculate structures. These bracteoles are included in the floral cavity, and not very different from small scale-leaves elsewhere on the plant. In the Brazilian species, bracteoles are very low crests placed on the rims of the floral cavities and ex¬ tremely inconspicuous. It is possible that, as more information becomes available, the generic name Maracanthus Kuijt will need to be revived for the four western species, even if only at the subgeneric level. Consequently, it is conceivable that a stricter diagnosis of the genus Oryctina will focus on the absence of the calyculus in the male flower, the lack of staminodial remnants in the female flower, the shape of the floral bracteoles and anthers, as well as its geographic distribution. Oryctina subaphylla Rizzini, Plant Syst. Evol. 128: 51-52. 1977. TYPE: Brazil. Bahia: near EspigSo Mestre (or Serra Geral), Mar. 14 1972, W. R. Anderson et al. 36949 (holotype, RB; isotype, NY) Oryctina piranii Rizzini, Rev. Brasil. Biol. 51: 460-461. 1991. Syn. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Goitfs: Chapada dos Veadeiros, Rodovia 118, near Rio das Almas, be¬ tween Teresina ad Alto Parafso, Pirani et al. 1837 (holotype, RB; isotypes, K, LEA, NY, SPF). Key to the Species of Oryctina la. Leaves longer than 3 cm or, at least, more than Vi as wide as long; flowers bisexual or unisexual and then the female flowers with conspicuous staminodia; floral bracteoles naviculate, placed inside floral cavities; French Guiana to western Venezuela. 2a. Anthers lacking papillate connective horn, but with 2 pollen sacs; spike sessile, 3 mm long or less, bracts and bracteoles decidu¬ ous; leaves with conspicuously furfuraceous lower midribs. 0. myrsinites 2b. Anthers and staminodia with prominent, pa¬ pillate connective horn, the anthers with 4 pollen sacs; spike peduncles at least 2 mm long, bracts and bracteoles persistent; leaves lacking furfuraceous lower midribs. 3a. Plants sympodial; twigs and leaf mar¬ gins smooth but twigs with small lenti- cels, terete; bracts with hyaline margins . 0. chlamydata 3b. Plants percurrent; twigs and leaf mar¬ gins furfuraceous, but twigs quadran¬ gular; bracts lacking hyaline margins. 4a. Flowers bisexual, usually fewer than 10 per spike; peduncle < 0.5 cm long; spike emerging from a strongly developed corky crater . . . O. badilloi 4b. Flowers unisexual, to 50 per spike; peduncle at least 1 cm long; spike lacking basal crater . . O. pedunculata lb. Leaves less than 3 cm long, and less than ( Vi ) Vs as wide as long; flowers unisexual (or assumed so), the female ones lacking staminodial rem¬ nants; floral bracteoles low crests on rim of floral cavities; Goi&s, Bahia, and Minas Gerais. 5a. Leaves scale-like or shield-like, with peltate attachment, and entirely fringed with brown hairs . O. eubrachioides 5b. Leaves not as above. 6a. Inflorescence sessile or nearly so, the peduncle no more than I mm long . . . . 0. subaphylla 6b. Inflorescence pedunculate, tin 1 pedun¬ cle 7 mm or more (about Vi as long as the entire inflorescence). 7a. Internodes and peduncles quadran¬ gular . O. quadrangularis 7b. Internodes and peduncles terete . O. scabrida Acknowledgments. The financial support front the Missouri Botanical Garden and the Natural Sci¬ ences and Engineering Research Council of Can¬ ada is gratefully acknowledged. Literature Cited Feuer, S. M. & J. Kuijt. 1985. Fine structure of mistletoe pollen VI. Small-flowered neotropical Loranthaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 72: 187—212. Kuijt, J. 1969. The Biology of Parasitic Flowering Plants. Univ. California Press, Berkeley & Ixts Angeles. -. 1975. The genus Cladocolea (Loranthaceae). J. Arnold Arbor. 56: 265-335. -. 1976a. Maracanthus, a new genus of Ixtrantha- ceae. Brittonia 28: 231—238. -. 1976b. Revision of the genus Oryctanthus (Lor¬ anthaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 95: 478-534. -. 1981. A rejoinder on Oryctina (Loranthaceae). PL Syst. Fvol. 137: 215-219. -. 1987. Miscellaneous mistletoe notes, 10—19. Brittonia 39: 447^459. -. 1988. Monograph of the Eremolepidaceae. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 18: 1-60. -. 1991. Inflorescence structure and generic place- Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Kuijt Brazilian Oryctina 397 ment of some small-flowered species of Phthirusa (Lor¬ anthaceae). Syst. Bot. 16: 283-291. -. 1992. Two new species of Cladocolea (Lorantha- ceae) from Mexico and Surinam. Novon 2: 351-354. Rizzini, C. T. 1977. Validation and redescription of Or¬ yctina (Loranthaceae). Rl. Syst. Evol. 128: 47-52. -. 1991. Novas t&xons do Brasil nas Loranthaceae e Rutaceae. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 51: 455-4.62. Tieghem, P. Van. 1894. Sur le groupement des espeees en genres dans les Loranth^es & ealice dialys6pale et an- th&res oscillantes ou Struthanth^es. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 42: 161-180. A New Species of Thladiantha (Cucurbitaceae) from Yunnan, China Lu An-Ming Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Charles Jeffrey Komarov Botanical Institute, the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia Abstract. A new species, Thladiantha palmati- partita A. M. Lu & C. Jeffrey, is described from Yunnan, China. It differs from other species of the genus Thladiantha in its palmately 5-lobed leaves. Thladiantha palinatipartita A. M. Lu & C. Jef¬ frey, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Fengkou (Fengke), 27°40'N, 8000 ft., June 1914, George Forrest 12726 (holotype, E). Figure 1. Species foliis palmatim 5-partitis a eongeneris diversa. Herbae scandentes. Caulis sulcato-angulatus, leviter pub- erulus vel glabrescens, 1-3 m longus. Cirrhi simplices, pubescentes. Petiolus 3—7 cm longus; lamina ambitu late ovata vel orbiculata, 8-17 cm longa, 9-16 cm lata, char- tacea, supra dense punctata, subtus dense pubescens, pal¬ matim 5-partita, lobis oblongis, margine irregulariter den- tatis, apice acutis vel acuminatis. Flores dioici. Flores masculi paniculati; pedunculus 2.5-3 cm longus, robus- tus, pubescens; pedicelli filiforines, 5—12 mm longi; tubus calycis cupularis, pubescens; segmenta 5, late lanceolata, 1.2-1.5 cm longa, ca. 5 mm lata, apice acuminata, tri- nervata; corolla campanulata, segmentis 5, oblongis vel lanceolato-oblongis, 1.5—1.8 cm longis, ca. 6 mm latis, apice acuminatis, trinervatis; stamina 5, filamentis 2 mm longis, antheris ca. 3 mm longis, unilocularibus. Flores feminei solitarii vel binales; ovarium anguste oblongum, viliosum, 1.5—2 cm longum; stylus columnaris, apice tri- fidus, stigmatibus dilatatis, bitidis. Fructus oblongus, bac- catus, indehiscens, apice rotundus, basi angustissime at- tenuatus, laevis, 7.5 cm longus, ca. 3.5 cm crassus. Semina numerosa, horizontalia, laevia, ca. 6 mm longa, 3 mm lata. Scandent dioecious herbs. Stems sulcate-angu- lar, 1-3 in long, puberulous or glabrescent. Tendrils simple, pubescent. Petioles 3-7 cm long, puberu¬ lous; leal blade broadly ovate or orbicular in out¬ line, 8—17 X 9—16 cm, chartaceous, adaxially densely punctate, abaxially densely pubescent, pal¬ mately deeply 5-lobed, lobes oblong, margin irreg¬ ularly dentate, apex acute or acuminate. Flowers unisexual. Male flowers: panicle short, many-flow¬ ered; peduncle 2.5-3 cm long, robust, puberulous; pedicels slender, filiform, 5-12 mm long; calyx tube cupular, pubescent; segments 5, broadly lan¬ ceolate, 1.2-1.5 X 0.5 cm, apex acuminate, 3- nerved; corolla campanulate; segments 5, narrowly oblong or lanceolate-oblong, 1.5—1.8 X 0.6 cm, apex acuminate, 3-nerved; stamens 5; filaments 2 mm long; anthers ca. 3 mm long, 1-locular. Female flower solitary or paired, calyx and corolla as in the male; ovary narrowly oblong, villous, 1.5—2 cm long; style columnar, apically trifid; stigmas dila- tate, 2-lobed. Fruit oblong, smooth, baccate, inde- hiscent, apex rounded, base attenuate, 7.5 cm long, ca. 3.5 cm diam. Seeds numerous, horizontal, smooth, ca. 6 mm long, 3 mm broad. Flowering in June and fruiting in September. The new species differs from the other known species of Thladiantha (Li, 1997; Lu & Zhang, 1981) in its palmately deeply 5-lobed leaves. It is related to T. hookeri C. B. Clarke but differs by its calyx tube cupular, segments broadly lanceolate, 1.2-1.5 X 0.5 cm (rather than calyx tube broadly campanulate, segments narrowly triangular, ca. 4 X 1.5 mm). Paratypes. CHINA. Yunnan; Yungning (Yongning), 27°40'N, 8-91XX) ft., female plant, June 1914, George For¬ rest 12440 (E); Yung-pe (Yongsheng), 26°45'N, 9(XX) ft., in fruit, Sep. 1913, George Forrest 11166 (E). Acknowledgment. The authors thank the cura¬ tor of the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (E) for the loan of specimens. Literature Cited Li, J. Q. 1997. On the systematics of Thladiantha (Cu- curbitaceae). Acta Bot. Yunnan. 19(2): 103—127. Lu, A. M. & Z. Y. Zhang. 1981. A revision of the genus Thladiantha Bunge (Cucurbitaceae). Bull. Bot. Res. 1(1-2): 61-96. Novon 10: 398-399. 2000. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Lu & Jeffrey Thladiantha palmatipartita from China 399 tnjf ff -To- f igure I. Thlndiantha palmatipartita A. \1. Lu & C. Jeffrey. —A. Habit, male plant. —B. Part of abaxial surface of leaf blade. —C. Male flower, expanded. —I). Abaxial view of stamen. —E. Adaxial view of stamen. —F. Habit, female plant. —(». Female flower. -—H. Female flower, expanded. —I. Fruit. A-E from the holotype, G. Forrest 12726 (E). F- H from G. Forrest 12440 (E). 1 from G. Forrest 11166 (E). New Combinations in Phedimus (Crassulaceae) Hideaki Ohba University Museum, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Bruce M. Bartholomew Botany Department, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118-4599, U.S.A. Nicholas J. Turland Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Fu Kunjun (Fu Kun-tsun) Herbarium, North-western Institute of Botany, Yangling, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People’s Republic of China Abstract. During the preparation of the account of the Crassulaceae for the Flora of China, Volume 8, it was decided that Phedimus Rafinesque should be separated from Sedum L. It is therefore neces¬ sary to publish new combinations in Phedimus for three varieties and one species previously recog¬ nized in Sedum: P. aizoon (L.) ’t Hart var. latifolius (Maximowicz) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Barthol¬ omew, comb, nov., P. aizoon var. scabrus (Maximow¬ icz) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb, nov., P. aizoon var. yamatutae (Kitagawa) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb, nov., and P hsinganicus (Y. C. Chu ex T. N. Liou) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb. nov. One sub¬ generic name, Phedimus subg. Aizoon (L. K. A. Koch ex Schonland) H. Ohba & Turland, is vali¬ dated; it was first proposed by ’t Hart hut with an erroneous (and uncorrectable) basionym citation. The name Sedum aizoon L. var. scabrum Maximow¬ icz is lectotypified. The most widely accepted infrageneric classifi¬ cation of Sedum L. was first outlined by Ohba (1978). Until then, most species of the Sedoideae were classified in Sedum. Ohba (1978) classified S. aizoon L. and allied species in S. subg. Aizoon (L. K. A. Koch ex Schonland) H. Ohba. In the most recent commentaries on the Asian Sedoideae, Ohba (1995) separated S. subg. Aizoon from S. subg. Spa- thulata (Borissova) H. Ohba, treating the former as a distinct genus under the name Aizopsis Grulich, while ’t Hart (1995) included S. subg. Aizoon and S. subg. Spathulata in Phedimus Rafinesque. Ham (1995) as well as Ham and’t Hart (1998) demon¬ strated that S. subg. Aizoon and S. subg. Spathulata are paraphyletic with respect to S. subg. Sedum. Though the species of S. subg. Spathulata differ from those of S. subg. Aizoon by their creeping ster¬ ile stems, purple or white petals, and nearly smooth testae (Ohba, 1978), these differences are insuffi¬ cient to justify separation at generic rank, and so ’t Hart’s treatment is followed here. Except for Gontcharova (1999), Aizopsis has never been used in Asian regional floras. Ohba has adopted Phedi¬ mus in the new English-language Flora of Japan (Ohba, in press) and will do likewise in the forth¬ coming account of the Crassulaceae for the Flora of China, Volume 8 (Fu & Ohba, in press). Most combinations in Phedimus were published by ’t Hart (1995), but the following additional new com¬ binations are needed for the Flora of China. Sedum, Phedimus, P. subg. Phedimus, and P. subg. Aizoon are distinguished as follows: la. Leaves terete or semiterete, margin always en¬ tire; testa reticulate or papillate-reticulate . . Sedum lb. Leaves flattened, margin serrate or crenate; testa longitudinally costate or subsmooth .... Phedimus 2a. Petals purple or white; creeping sterile stem present; testa subsmooth . . Phedimus subg. Phedimus 2b. Petals yellow; creeping sterile stem absent; testa longitudinally costate. . Phedimus subg. Aizoon Phedimus Rafinesque, Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 1: 438. 1817. No von 10: 400-402. 2000. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Ohba et al. Phedimus (Crassulaceae) 401 Phedimus subg. Phedimus. Asterosedum Grulich, Preslia 56: 38. 1984. TYPE (designated by’t Hart, 1991: 52): Phedimus stellatus (L.) Raf- inesque ( Sedum stellatum L.; Asterosedum stel- latum (L.) Grulich). Spathulata (Borissova) A. Ixive & D. I me. 'l'axon 34: 163. 1985. Sedum sect. Sedum subsect. Spathulata Boris¬ sova, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 117. 1970. Sedum subg. Spathulata (Borissova) H. Ohba, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 12: 178. 1978. Phedimus sect. Spa¬ thulata (Borissova) H. Ohba, in’t Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 156. 1995. TYPE: Spathulata spuria (Marschall von Bieberstein) A. Love & 1). Love ( Sedum spurium Marschall von Bieberstein; Phedimus spurius (Marschall von Bieberstein) ’t Hart). When’t Hart (1991: 52) lectotypified Phedimus , that genus became homotypic with the later name Asterosedum , which was typified by A. stellatum in its protologue. Therefore, Asterosedum is now no- menelaturally superfluous, but it remains legitimate because the two names were not homotypic when Asterosedum was first published (St. Louis Code, Art. 52 Note 2, Greuter et al., 2000). Phedimus subg. Aizoon (L. K. A. Koch ex Schon- land) H. Ohba & Turland, comb. nov. Basion- ym: Sedum sect. Aizoon L. K. A. Koch ex Schonland, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam. 3(2a): 30. 1890. Sedum subg. Aizoon (L. K. A. Koch ex Schonland) H. Ohba, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 12: 179. 1978. Aizopsis Grulich, Preslia 56: 35. 1984. TYPE: Phedimus aizoon (L.) ’t Hart (Sedum aizoon L.; Aizopsis aizoon (L.) Grulich). The combination Phedimus subg. Aizoon was first proposed by’t Hart (1995: 168). However, the bas- ionym’t Hart cited (“Sedum sect. Aizoon [W. D. J.] Koch, Syn. FI. Germ. [Helv.], 259. 1835”) does not exist. No S. sect. Aizoon was published by Koch in his account of Sedum in Synopsis florae germanicae et helveticae (Koch, 1835: 257-261). Therefore, ’t Hart's combination is invalid under Article 33.3 of the St. Louis Code (Greuter et al., 2000). Unfortu¬ nately, this incorrect basionym citation cannot be treated as an error to be corrected under Article 33.4 (since it is an omission) or Article 33.6, thus necessitating the current nomenclatural action. Phedimus aizoon (U.) 't Hart, in ’t Hart & Eggli, Evol. & Syst. Crassulac. 168. 1995. Basionym: Sedum aizoon U., Sp. PL 1: 430. 1753. Aizopsis aizoon (U.) Grulich, Preslia 56: 37. 1984. TYPE: not designated; original material: Herb. Linn. 595.1 (LINN); [icon] “Anacampseros flore flavo” Amman, Stirp. Rar. Ruth. 96, t. 11. 1739. Phedimus aizoon var. latifolius (Maximowicz) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb, nov. Basionym: Sedum aizoon L. var. latifolium Maximowicz, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Peters- bourg Divers Savans 9 [Prim. FI. Amur.]: 115. 1859. TYPE: Russia. Amur River region: “in der Nahe der Bureja-Miindung,” 23 Aug 1856, Maximowicz s.n. (holotype, LE). Sedum austromanshuricum Nakai & Kitagawa, Rep. Ex- ped. Manchoukuo Sect. 4, 1: 26. 1934 [as “ austro- manshuricum”]. Sedum aizoon L. var. austroman¬ shuricum (Nakai & Kitagawa) Kitagawa, Lin. FI. Manshur. 247. 1939 [as “ austro-manshurieum ’T TYPE: China. Hebei: “in monte Wu-ling-shan [Wu- ling Shan],” 2 Sep 1933, T. Nakai. M. Honda & M. Kitagawa 1925 (holotype, TI). Phedimus aizoon var. seabrus (Maximowicz) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb, nov. Basionym: Sedum aizoon L. var. scabrum Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pe- tersbourg 29: 144. 1883. TYPE: Mongolia/ China. “Mongolia australis: Siwan-tze” [? = Xiwanzi, now Chongli, NW of Beijing in Hebei Province], 1877, Artselaer s.n. (lectotype here designated, LE). Ten syntypes were cited by Maximowicz in the protologue: the first three from “Mongolia austral¬ is” and the others from China, although all were probably collected in what is now Chinese terri¬ tory. The first cited syntype, at LE, collected from “Siwan-tze,” agrees with the taxon as currently understood with its narrowly lanceolate or elliptic- lanceolate leaves and is here designated as the lectotype. The second cited syntype, also at LE, collected from “Alaschan” by Przewalski in July 1873, better resembles Phedimus hybridus (L.) 't Hart in its broadly oblanceolate to narrowly ob- ovate leaves. The authors have not traced the other syntypes. Phedimus aizoon var. yamatutae (Kitagawa) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bartholomew, comb. nov. Basionym: Sedum aizoon L. var. yamatutae Kitagawa, Lin. FI. Manshur. 247. 1939 [as “ Yamatutai ”]. TYPE: China. Liaon¬ ing: “Prov. Feng-t'ien: In montibus Chien- shan [Qian Shan],” s.d., K. Yamatuta s.n. (holotype, TI). Sedum aizoon L. f. angustifolium Franchet, Noliv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., s6r. 2, 6: 9. 1883 [as "angustifolia"]. TYPE: China. Hebei: “environs de P6kin |Beijing],” s.d., David 566 (holotype, P). 402 Novon PhediinuH hsinganicus (Y. C. Chu ex S. H. Fu & Y. H. Huang) H. Ohba, K. T. Fu & B. M. Bar¬ tholomew, comb. nov. Basionym: Sedum hsin- ganicum Y. C. Chu ex S. H. Fu & Y. H. Huang, in T. N. Liou, FI. PI. Herb. Chin. Bor.- Orient. 4: 230, t. 108. 1980. TYPE: China. Nei Mongol: Hulun Buir Meng, Ergun Youqi, 750 m, 8 Aug. 1951, Z. Wang 1834 (holotype, IFP not seen). Acknowledgments. We thank Anthony R. Brach (MO c/o Harvard University Herbaria) for providing copies of literature, and Michael G. Gilbert (MO c/o BM) for help in preparing the manuscript. Literature Cited Fu, K. J. [K. T.] & H. Ohba. In press. Crassulaceae. In: Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (editors), Flora of China, Vol. 8, Brassicaceae—Saxifragaceae. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Gontcharova, S. B. 1999. Conspectus of Sedoideae (Cras¬ sulaceae) of the Russian Far East. Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. B, 25: 49-63. Greuter, W., J. McNeill, F. R. Barrie, H. M. Burdet, V. Demoulin, T. S. Filgueiras, D. H. Nicolson, P. C. Silva, J. E. Skog, P. Trehane, N. J. Turland & I). L. Hawk- sworth (editors). 2000. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code). Regnum Veg. 138. Ham. R. C. 11. J. van. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships in the Crassulaceae inferred from chloroplast DNA varia¬ tion. Pp. 16-29 in H. ’t Hart & U. Eggli (editors). Evo¬ lution and Systematics of the Crassulaceae. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. -& H. ’t Hart. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships in the Crassulaceae inferred from chloroplast DNA restric¬ tion-site variation. Amer. J. Bot. 85: 123—134. t Hart, H. 1991. Evolution and classification of the Eu¬ ropean Sedum species (Crassulaceae). FI. Medit. I: 31- 61. -. 1995. Infrafamilial and generic classification of the Crassulaceae. Pp. 159-172 in H. 't Hart & U. Eggli (editors). Evolution and Systematics of the Crassula¬ ceae. Backhuys Publishers, l^iden. Koch, W. D. J. 183.5-1838 [pp. [l]-352 publ. 1835). Syn¬ opsis florae germanicae et helveticae . . . Frankfurt am Main. Ohba, H. 1978. Generic and infrageneric classification of the Old World Sedoideae (Crassulaceae). J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 12: 139-198. -. 1995. Systematic problems of Asian Sedoideae. Pp. 151-158 in H. 't Hart & U. Eggli (editors). Evo¬ lution and Systematics of the Crassulaceae. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. -. In press. Crassulaceae. In: K. Iwatsuki, D. E. Boufford & H. Ohba (editors). Flora of Japan, 2b. Ko- dansha, Tokyo. Stenosepala hirsuta, a New Genus and Species of Gardenieae (Rubiaceae) from Colombia and Panama Claes Persson Botanical Institute, Goteborg University, Box 461, SE 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden ABSTRACT. A new genus and species, Stenosepala hirsuta, of the Alibertia group (Gardenieae, Rubi¬ aceae), from northern Colombia and southern Pan¬ ama, is described and illustrated. The new taxon is distinguished from closely related genera by its needle-like calyx lobes, persistent triangular and aristate stipules, large thyrses in male individuals, and its very hirsute ovary in female flowers. In a recent phylogenetic study of the pantropical tribe Gardenieae, I included a previously undes¬ cribed taxon from northern Colombia and southern Panama (Persson, 2000 a). Just like the genera in Gardenieae, the new taxon is characterized by hav¬ ing indehiscent fruits with numerous seeds in a pla¬ cental pulp, and corollas with contorted aestivation. This phylogenetic study using chloroplast DNA se¬ quences from the rps\6 intron and trnL-F interge- nic spacer clearly indicated that Stenosepala hir¬ suta (under the name species nova) is a member of the neotropical Alibertia group. However, due to poor resolution inside the Alibertia group, the anal¬ yses did not reveal the sister group to Stenosepala. Stenosepala shares several characters with the members of the Alibertia group that support its in¬ clusion in this group, such as dioecy and hetero- merous flowers (male and female flowers of different merosity), as well as pollen grains shed in monads. In addition, like the majority of the species in this group, the female inflorescence consists of a soli¬ tary flower, whereas the male inflorescence is multi- flowered. In subsequent analyses of the Alibertia group using faster evolving ITS and 5S sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA, the general resolu¬ tion and support for several elades improved (Pers¬ son, 2000 b). However, Stenosepala appeared either as the sister group to the rest of the genera of the Alibertia group or on a basal polytomy together with Stachyarrhena, a clade of two Genipa species, and a large clade comprising Alibertia , Borojoa, Duroia, and Amaioua species. Hence, the closest relative of Stenosepala hirsuta remains unresolved. Stenosepala is easily distinguished from other genera in the Alibertia group by its combination of narrow calyx lobes, persistent aristate stipules, a large thyrse in male individuals, and a very hirsute ovary in female flowers. The narrow calyx lobes and the hirsute young branchlets and ovary give Steno¬ sepala a superficial resemblance to Duroia hirsuta (Poeppig & Endlicher) K. Schumann. However, D. hirsuta differs in many characters of which ealyp- trate, cireumscissile stipules, which are shed as the shoot elongates, and the swollen, hollow branchlets, which house ants, are the most striking ones. Aris¬ tate stipules, narrow calyx lobes, and a large thyrse in male individiuals, as well as dioecy, also occur in Randia (Burger & Taylor, 1993), a non -Alibertia group member of Gardenieae. However, Randia is readily distinguished from Stenosepala, and the rest of the genera in the Alibertia group, by pollen grains shed in tetrads, a unilocular ovary with pa¬ rietal placentas, the presence of thorns, and homo- merous flowers. Stenosepala hirsuta C. Persson, gen. et sp. nov. TYPE: Colombia. Antioquia: Mpio. Taraz4, corregimiento “El Doce,” Hacienda “Las Mer¬ cedes,” 7°28'N, 75°18'W, 150 m, 12 Sep. 1998, F. Alzate, R. Callejas & J. Benavides 560 (holotype, HUA; isotypes, COL, GB, NY). Fig¬ ure 1. Frutex, arbuscula vel arbor, dioiea, ad 10 m alta, ramis juvenibus sparse hirtellis vel hirsutis. Stipulae triangula¬ res, aristatae, persistentes. Petiolus glaber vel hirsutus, ad 18 mm longus. Lamina in sicco papyracea, elliptica vel anguste obovata, basi anguste cuneato, apice acuminato, 19.5— 29 X 8.5—1 1 cm. Flores masculini in thyrso, pe- dunculo hirsuto ad 10 mm longo. Pedicelli hirsuti 3—20 mm longi, bracteolis acicularibus. Calyx cupulatus 2.2 X 1.5 mm, lobis acicularibus. Corolla hypocrateriformis membranacea, alba, tubo ad 23 mm longo, extus sparse hirsuto, lobis sex glabris linearibus ad 21 X 2 mm. Flos femineus solitarius, pedunculo ad 2 mm longo. Calyx cu- pularis, dense hirsutus, lobis 8—9 acicularibus hirsutis 8- 12 mm longis. Corolla hypocrateriformis membranacea ebumea, tubo ad 17 mm longo, extus hirsuto, intus glabro, lobis 21 X 3-4 mm, glabris. Ovarium 3-^t-loculare, ovulis in quoque loculo 15-25. Fructus ± sphaericus 2.5-4.5 X 2.5- 5 cm, aliquanto porcatus in sicco, indehiscens. Ca- lycis lobi in fructu persistentes, sed saepe effracti. Hoc genus novus a generibus affmibus neotropicis, stipulis triangularibus aristatis persistentibus, calycis lobis aci¬ cularibus atque floribus masculinis in thyrso grandi, bene differt. No VON 10: 403^-06. 2000. 404 Novon Figure 1. Stenosepala hirsuta C. Persson. —A. Male inflorescence with magnified abaxial view of stipule and magnified hairs at blade margin (upper right comer). —B. Detail of male inflorescence branch and magnified hair. —C. Corolla of male flower. —D. Longitudinal section of corolla and calyx of male flower, plus magnified dorsal view of calyx lobes. —E. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of anthers. —F. Female inflorescence. —G. Longitudinal section of corolla Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Persson Stenosepala hirsuta (Rubiaceae) 405 Dioecious shrubs, treelets or trees 2—6(-10) m; stem ca. 6 cm diam., twigs 2.5-4 mm diam. below fruit or inflorescence, terete, when young sparsely hirtellous or hirsute, bark on older twigs peeling. Long and short shoots intermixed on main axes and on lateral branches, short shoots often ending in inflorescences. Stipules interpetiolar, persistent, with a narrowly to widely triangular limb, 3-4 X 2-6 mm, and a terminal arista, 3-8 mm long, free or slightly fused intrapetiolarly, externally glabrous to hirsute, internally densely sericeous with thick whitish hairs and red colleters at the base. Leaves opposite, usually petiolate, petioles 4-18 mm, sem- iterete, adaxially slightly sulcate, sometimes slight¬ ly winged from the decurrent blade, glabrate to sparsely hirsute above, ± hirsute below; blade usu¬ ally well developed, 19.5—29 X 8.5-11 cm wide (sometimes minute needle-like, less than 1 cm), of¬ ten gradually acropetally larger, or decreasing just below the inflorescence, thinly papyraceous when dry, elliptic or sometimes narrowly obovate, at apex acuminate with tips to 25 mm long, at base narrow¬ ly cuneate, midrib impressed to level above, prom¬ inent below, secondary veins 11 to 14 pairs, bro- chidodromous, impressed to level above, prominulous to prominent below, tertiary venation indistinct, level to slightly prominulous above, level to prominulous below, adaxial surface matte or slightly glossy, glabrous except ± hirtellous midrib, abaxial surface sparsely hirtellous to hirsute on midrib and secondary veins. Male flowers in a ter¬ minal determinate thyrse, 10- to 40-flowered, to 11 cm high and 17 cm wide at base, peduncle to 18 mm, and pedicels 3—20 mm, branches of first and second orders dichasial, higher orders often mono- chasial, inflorescence branches hirsute, each flower and branch subtended by a needle-like, hirsute bract. Calyx tube minute, ca. 1 mm deep and 2 mm diam. with 7 to 10 semiterete, needle-like lobes, each 5—9 mm long, glabrous inside, hirsute outside; corolla salverform, 6-merous, white, not odorous, membranaceous, tube 19—23 mm long, sparsely hirsute outside, glabrous inside, lobes narrowly tri¬ angular, to 21 X ca. 2 mm, glabrous; stamens in¬ cluded; filaments less than 1 mm long, inserted 5— 7 mm below top of corolla tube; anthers linear with an apical connective process, ca. 5X1 mm, in¬ cluded, dorsifixed with filament inserted 2 mm from base; pollen 4- to 5-colporate, foveolate; non-func¬ tional style 3-lobed, slender, ca. 17 mm, included, <— lobes ca. 2 mm long, slightly ridged on back, an annular disk surrounding the style basally. Female flowers solitary and terminal, subtended by stipules of the distal nodes, peduncle to 2 mm; calyx tube minute or obscured (hidden behind hairs), calyx lobes 8—9, needle-shaped, ca. 8—12 mm long, gla¬ brous inside, hirsute outside; corolla salverform, 7- merous, cream-colored, membranaceous, tube 17 mm long, hirsute outside, glabrous inside, lobes lin¬ ear, 21 X 3-4 mm, glabrous, style 4-lobed, includ¬ ed, 15 mm long, lobes ca. 4 mm long, ovary (young fruit), subspherical, 7-8 X 8-9 mm, densely hir¬ sute; 3- or 4-locular with one axial placenta per locule, with 15 to 25 ovules per placenta. Fruits indehiscent, many-seeded, ± spherical, 2.5-4.5 X 2.5-5 cm, glabrous to sparsely hirsute, lenticellate, ferruginous, gray, brown to yellow; calyx lobes per¬ sistent in fruit, but mostly broken on herbarium material (young fruits with 15 mm long lobes), peri¬ carp 5 mm thick; seeds angularly lenticular or flat¬ tened, ca. 2 X 10 X 12 mm, embedded in a fleshy placental pulp, exotesta cells smooth, elongate, 5 to 10 times longer than wide, with secondary thick¬ enings in radial wall. Distribution and habitat. Stenosepala hirsuta has been collected in primary and secondary low¬ land forests from 50 to 1000 m elevation in the Choc6 province, the Cauca (Antioquia, Cordoba, Caldas) and Magdalena valleys (Bolivar and San¬ tander) of northern Colombia, as well as the prov¬ ince of Darien in Panama. Phenology. Flowering specimens have been collected in September and October with fruiting specimens from November to August. The only re¬ cord of mature fruits is from October. Paratypes. COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Mpio. Arboletas, vereda La Toyosa. 100 m, 30 Mar. 1983, Bernal & Gal- eano 520 (COL); Penas Blancas, 28 Apr. 1926, Woronow & Juzenczuk 4579 (F 2 specimens); Mpio. Cdceres km 10- 15 SE of Cciceres, sobre La troncal de la paz, 7°40’N, 75°20'W, 110-150 m, 5 Nov. 1987, Callejas et al. 5360 (NY); Mpio. Caucasia, road to Nechf, ca. 14 km from Cau¬ casia—Planeta Rica rd., hacienda Candelaria, 8°02'N, 75°11'W, 60 m, 11 Oct. 1987, Brant & Escobar 1259 (K, NY); Mpio. Turbo Corn Currulao, Currulao Nueva E-NE of Turbo, 11 km from Currulao 45 m, 3 Aug. 1987, Cal¬ lejas et al. 4981 (MO, NY); Mpio. Tarazd, Corn El Doce, 201 km NE of Medellin, on road to Barroblanco, 300 m, 18 Aug. 1986, Callejas et al. 2413 (HUA, MO, NY); Mpio. Cdceres, Com Jardtn, Hacienda Cataturnbo, 70 m, 21 Feb. 1988, Fonnegra & Roldan 2358 (GB, NY); Mpio. Fron- tino, Murrf, cam Nutivama—La Blanquita, despu6s del alto of female flower and 4-lobed style. —H. Fruiting branch. —I. Single seed and cluster of seeds. A-E from holotype Alzate et al. 560 (HUA); F, G from Brant & Escobar 1259 (K, NY); H. I from Betancur et al. 425 (NY). B-D and G, H have the same scale (see scale bar between B and C). 406 Novon de Cuevas, 6°43'N, 76°19'W, KMX) m, 13 Apr. 1987, Be- tancur et al. 425 (NY); Mpio. Caucasia (boundary with Dpto. C6rdoba), road to Nechf 14.1 km from Caucasia- Planeta Rica road. Hacienda La Candelaria, 8°05'N, 75°10'W, SO m, 24 Nov. 1986. Zarucchi & Cardenas 4246 (NY). Bolivur: 150 km N of Barrancabermeja, Mico Ahu- mado camp, 08°15'N, 74°4'W, 900 m, 20 Aug. 1966, de Bruijn 1075 (COL, MO, NY); Mpio. Morales, Corr. Norosi, camino a Tiquisionuevo, 130-200 m, 9—14 Apr. 1985, Cuadros 2114 (MO); San Pedro, 29 May 1949, Romero Castaneda 1771 (F). Choeo: near Madurex logging Camp above Teresita and below the rapids of Rio Truando, 7—8 Feb. 1967, J. A. Duke 9927 (MO) Caldas: stream crossing 13 km N of La Dorada on road to San Miguel, 330 m, 7 Mar. 1977, Gentry et al. 18203 (COL, MO). Cordoba: Mpio. Tierralta, carr. Tierralta—Frasquillo, alrededores de la quebrada Chibogadd, 80 tn, 29 July 1986, Bernal et al. 1205 (COL, MO). Santander: Magdalena valley, Campo Campote, 30 km E of Carare, 300 m, 29 Sep. 1977, A. Centra A H. Renteria 20047 (MO); 10 leguas al SE de Barrancabermeja, a 8 km, margen izquierda del rfo Opon, 200 m, 30 Aug. 1954. Romero Castaneda 4 775 (COL); Las Colonias (Opbn, Cararere), 6 Nov. 1979, Renteria et al. 1547 (COL, MO); Puente de Sogamoso, 0-500 m, 31 Oct. (1 !Nov.) 1979, Renteria et al. 1988 (COL, MO); vi¬ cinity of Barrancabermeja, between Sogamoso and Colo¬ rado rivers. 100-500 m, 5 Oct. 1936. Haught 2004 (F). PANAMA. Darien: clearing at confluence of Rfo Chu- cunaque and R. Canclones, 5 July 1962, Duke 5120 (MO); 2-3 mi. SE of Pijibasal on Rfo Paraseneco, ca. 9-10 mi. S of El Real. R. L Hartman 12060 (MO); trail from Can- gldn—Yaviza rd. to Rfo Chucanaque, 7.7 mi. E of Cangldn, 8°20'N, 77°50'W, 50 m, 6 Mar. 1982, Knapp & Mallet 3968 (MO). Acknowledgments. My thanks are in particular due to Fernando Alzate Guarfn (HUA) who col¬ lected the type specimen after I sent him him a poor description of the new taxon. I thank Lennart Andersson, Roger Eriksson, Claes Gustafsson, Gunnar Harling, Erik Ljungstrand, David Lorence, and Elmar Robbrecht for providing useful com¬ ments on the manuscript. The excellent drawing was made by Bobbi Angel. I am grateful to the curators of COL, F, HUA, K, and NY for the loan of herbarium specimens. Financial support re¬ ceived Irom Kungliga Hvitfeldtska stipendieinratt- ningen and Helge Axrson Johnsons stiftelse are gratefully acknowledged. Literature Cited Burger, W. & C. M. Taylor. 1993. Rubiaceae. In W. Burger (editor). Flora Costaricensis. Fieldiana, Bot. n.s. 33: 1 — 333. Persson, C. 1996. Phylogeny of Gardenieae (Rubiaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 121: 91-109. -. 2000 a. Phylogeny of Gardenieae (Rubiaceae) based on ehloroplast l)NA sequences from the rps 16 intron and 100) scat¬ tered uniformly throughout the cortex; rhizome scales brownish, lacking a lighter colored or hya¬ line margin, clathrate, pseudopeltate, appearing peltate by virtue of overlapping basal auricles, moderately dense, ovate with an attenuate tip, 3-5 X 1.5—3 mm, the bases appressed, the tips often squarrose, margins erose-denticulate to coarsely dentate or with scattered 1- to 3-celled glandular hairs, otherwise glabrous, the basal cells ± isodi- ametric, the cells at the attentuate tip rectangular, up to 2—3 times longer than wide and often darker- and thicker-walled than walls of basal cells. Fronds monomorphic, sessile, thick-coriaceous and some¬ what succulent (like India rubber plant. Ficus elas- tica Roxburgh). Stipes absent or less than 1 cm long, up to ca. 5 mm diam., with ca. (3—)4—6(—9) round vascular bundles arranged in a cup in cross section (two adaxial bundles much larger than the others), glabrescent or with a few linear-lanceolate clathrate scales at the very base; stipes of young fronds beset with evanescent scales. Blades simple, broadly to less often narrowly oblanceolate, mostly 20—65(—78) X 7—9(—13) cm, margins entire, base abruptly narrowed and with a narrow laminar wing nearly or quite to the rhizome, the wing ca. 1 cm or less for 10(—25) cm, blade tips rounded to sub¬ acute or acuminate; abaxial surfaces glabrous or glabrescent at maturity, when young with a scatter¬ ing of minute 1- to 3-celled uniseriate glandular hairs; blades of newly formed croziers covered with glandular hairs like those of stipes. Venation (of large and fully developed fertile and sterile fronds) type 4 (terminology of Nooteboom, 1997: 262—263), with the first connecting veins (between main lat- Novon 10: 411^114. 2000. 412 Novon Figure I. Microsorum whiteheadii A. I{. Smith & Hoshizaki. (A, <1—E drawn from material in cultivation, garden of Ib’ggie Whitehead; B from holotype). —A. Habit. —B. Venation. —C. Rhizome cross section, showing numerous, scattered sclerenehyma bundles. —I). Stipe cross section, with two large adaxial and several smaller ahaxial vascular bundles. —E. Rhizome scale. Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Smith & Hoshizaki Microsorum whiteheadii from Sumatra 413 eral veins) forming one row of small primary costal areoles parallel to costa (midrib), then with up to ca. 6 larger areoles in a row between two main lateral veins (Fig. IB), lacking a prominent veinlet (tertiary vein) parallel to the main lateral veins; smaller fronds with venation type 1, with connect¬ ing veins forming a row of about equal-sized areoles between two adjacent veins (lacking a narrow costal areole); veins immersed or vague, main lateral veins and connecting veins faintly visible on both sides of blades as whitish lines, main lateral veins up to ca. 20 mm apart at their origin, connecting veins mostly 6-10 mm apart, ± straight or slightly zigzagged, irregularly branched near margin, catad- romous, smaller veins completely immersed and not visible or extremely vague, variously anastomosing; free veinlets mostly simple, occasionally 1-forked; veins ending in prominent hydathodes adaxially. Sori separate, round, occasionally two sori joined (and thus the “fused” sori are oblong or slightly elongate), superficial, ca. 1.0—1.5(—2.5) mm diam. at maturity, seemingly ± irregularly scattered on the smallest veinlets or appearing in irregular rows, in fully developed fronds roughly in 6 to 10 such irregular rows between and parallel to main lateral veins, each row containing 2 to 4 sori in a file with¬ in each primary areole (as defined by the connect¬ ing veins, which are ± perpendicular to main lat¬ eral veins), thus roughly 12 to 40 sori per primary areole; sori exindusiate, ca. 10 to 15 (to 22) per sq. cm, over the whole surface of the lamina except on the abruptly narrowed blade base and the extreme tip, as well as in the costal areoles; sporangial cap¬ sules nearly globose, paraphyses lacking. Habitat. Growing on limestone outcrops, at a site being mined for marble and adjacent to a mar¬ ble processing plant. Mining is likely to have de¬ stroyed the species at this particular site. An aroid at this same site, Amorphophallus hirsutus, may also have been lost; it had been known only from this location, and no one has seen it since the early 1900s. Nearby sites, where other marble outcrops occurred, had previously been reduced to rubble. Specimens of Microsorum whiteheadii were sought from these areas, and the adjacent bushy area sur¬ rounding the outcroppings, without success. Spec¬ imens were not found on trees in the area (White- head, in litt.). Microsorum whiteheadii appears to be mostly closely related to M. punctatum, widespread in the paleotropics and subtropics throughout tropical Af¬ rica, Madagascar and Mauritius, southern India, southeast Asia (including southern China), Malesia, northeastern Australia, New Caledonia, and west¬ ern Polynesia (Bosman, 1991). In the recent treat¬ ment of this genus for Flora Malesiana (Bosman et al., 1998), and also in Bosman s earlier monograph of Microsorum (Bosman, 1991), M. whiteheadii will key to M. punctatum, but we believe M. whiteheadii is dramatically different in several important char¬ acters. Bosman (1991) and Nooteboom (1997) listed 21 heterotypic synonyms of M. punctatum, but only one of these. Polypodium antrophyoides Alderwer- elt, has a Sumatran type (Palembang, Forbes 3119, BM not seen); from its original description and the area from which it was collected, we believe that it cannot be conspecific with M. whiteheadii. From Microsorum punctatum, which is similar in having undivided blades, superficial, irregularly scattered sori, and very complex, reticulate vena¬ tion with more or less equally sized areoles, our new species differs in having generally shorter creeping rhizomes (intemodes usually more than 1 cm and often more than 2 cm in M. punctatum), thicker, more coriaceous yet subsucculent blades (both living and pressed specimens), shorter and more abruptly tapering blade bases and more ob- lanceolate blades that are generally broader distally than in M. punctatum (proportional to the blade base), more decidedly immersed veins, and some¬ what larger and fewer sori per sq. cm. Rhizomes of M. punctatum are described as generally drying glaucous or whitish, and we confirm this in her¬ barium specimens; we have not seen this coloration in dried rhizomes of M. whiteheadii. The venation of M. whiteheadii is somewhat similar to that illus¬ trated for M. punctatum by Nooteboom (1997, pi. 13, figs. 43, 44), but even more complex, with a greater number of the smallest areoles contained within the primary areoles. We did not find pa¬ raphyses in the sori of M. whiteheadii, even in the youngest fronds or fluid-preserved material of young sori; Bosman et al. (1998) described sori of M. punctatum as paraphysate, having simple unis- eriate hairs with glandular tips in the sori, but we are unable to confirm this in living and herbarium material available to us. As seen in living material, the midrib in M. whiteheadii, as viewed adaxially and above the base, is not or only slightly raised, and if raised it is gently rounded in cross section as opposed to the condition in M. punctatum, where the midrib is sharply raised and bluntly keeled in cross section. Hydathodes of living plants of M. whiteheadii may be seen with the naked eye but are difficult to see in M. punctatum, even with a 10 power hand lens. Microsorum punctatum is quite common and var¬ iable, both in nature and in cultivation, and so is familiar to many fern growers (Hoshizaki, 1982, as 414 Novon Polypodium polycarpon Cavanilles ex Swartz, a syn¬ onym). Microsorum whiteheadii appears to us to be an even more attractive plant, with its thicker, dark glossy-green fronds. It has so lar proven relatively easy to grow from rhizomes or spores, on soil, pea- rock mixtures, or sphagnum moss, either terrestri¬ ally or epiphytically in hanging baskets. The iso¬ types have been propagated and grown from plants originally gathered at this locality by Mr. White- head. Locality information was provided by Tang Fook Leong. Microsorum is sometimes recognized in a narrow sense, to include those species with numerous scat¬ tered, superficial (not deeply sunken) small sori (e.g., by Hennipman et al., 1990; Bosman, 1991). Others now combine Phymatosorus with Microso¬ rum (e.g., Nooteboom, 1997; Bosman et al., 1998). Regardless of the circumscription of Microsorum, M. whiteheadii is clearly a member of this genus in the narrow sense, should one wish to restrict it. Paratype. SUMATRA. Western Sumatra, Frov. Faya KIiiiiiiIhi: 30 km from Bukit Tinggi. 9(X) m, ca. Dec. 1995, Banta s.n. (UC, a fertile frond from B. J. Hosh- izaki via Whitehead via Banta; MO, with rhizome, ob¬ tained directly from Whitehead and also from Banta’s orig¬ inal plant). This locality is the same as that of the type. Acknowledgments. We thank Reggie Whitehead and John Banta, fern growers in the Miami area, for sharing specimens of M. whiteheadii with us and for providing some of the extreme measurements of more luxuriant fronds in plants under their care. We also thank Debbie Lamb for the illustration. Literature Cited Bosman. M. T. M. 1991. A monograph of the fern genus Microsorum (Polypodiaceae). Leiden Bot. Ser. 14: 1- 161. -. P. H. Hovenkamp & H. P. Nooteboom. 1998. Mi¬ crosorum. Pp. 90—131 in Flora Malesiana, ser. 2 (Ferns and Fern Allies), 3: 1—234 (Polypodiaceae). Hennipman, E., P. Veldhoen & K. U. Kramer. 1990. Phy¬ matosorus. P. 221 in K, Kubitzki (editor). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. 1. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. [Vol. editors K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green.] Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Hoshizaki. B. J. 1982. The genus Polypodium in cultiva¬ tion (Polypodiaceae). Baileya 22: 1-99. Nooteboom, H. P. 1997. The microsoroid ferns (Polypo¬ diaceae). Blumea 42: 261-395. A New Setaria (Gramineae: Paniceae) from Argentina Laurence Toolin Herbarium, Shantz 113, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Setaria inopinata Toolin, sp. nov., is described and illustrated, and a key is provided to separate it from similar species in the genus. Ap¬ parently, this caespitose perennial, which resembles S. tenax, occurs only in northwestern Argentina. During the study of specimens of South Ameri¬ can Setaria as part of a project to enumerate those species that occur in both North and South Amer¬ ica, some specimens appeared to share a suite of distinctive characters that did not seem to lit any previously described species. Comparisons re¬ vealed that these specimens were easily separated from other Setaria taxa, and I here propose them to be elements of a new species. Setaria inopinata Toolin, sp. nov. TYPE: Argen¬ tina. Juyjuy: La Mendieta, matas laxas, a lunda a orille del ferrocarill, 7 Feb. 1943, L. R. Par- odi 14573 (holotype, US 1865698, ex Herbario de L. R. Parodi; isotype(s), possibly at BAA not seen). Figures 1, 2. Haec species S. tenici similis, sed ab ea spiculis ellip- ticioribus, lemmate supero apice marronino, rugoso non nitente, inflorescentiae aristis antrorse tantum hamatis, palea infera plus minusive pyriformi basi coriacea, quam palea supera angustiore brevioreque, distinguitur. Perennial, caespitose, from a knotty base. Culms erect or geniculate, to ca. 1.2 m tall, scaberulous, hirtellous below the nodes, the nodes pubescent or glabrate with age. Sheaths rounded, glabrous or oc¬ casionally with pustulate-based hairs, the upper margins ciliate; at least some collars pubescent with stiff hairs on each side. Ligule of stiff hairs ca. 2—3 mm long. Blades flat, to ca. 30 cm long and 0.6-2.5 cm wide, tapering to the base or somewhat cordate, scabrous, occasionally pubescent, the apex setose- involute, usually spirally twisted when dried. Pani¬ cles less than 15 to ca. 30 cm long, ca. 1-2.5 cm wide (excluding awns), somewhat open, the branches ascending, the lower to 3 cm long; or panicles more contracted, the branches all ca. 1 cm long; axis and branches minutely scabrous-hirsute and densely pi¬ lose or hirsute. Pedicels short, scabrous-hirsute, each with a single antrorsely barbed awn to 2.5 cm long. Spikelets 2.0-2.3 X 1.7-2.0 mm, and 1.6-1.9 mm thick, glabrous, strongly gibbous, broadly ovate- elliptic; lower glume ca. Vi as long as the spikelet, not apiculate or scarcely so, 3—5-nerved; upper glume the spikelet length, broad and rounded, 5—7-nerved, at most slightly apiculate; lemma of low¬ er floret short-apiculate, 5—7-nerved, equaling the spikelet, often only the middle and lateral nerves fully developed, thus appearing 3-nerved; palea of lower floret to 3 A the length of the upper palea, usu¬ ally pyriform, the base broad, commonly coriaceous, brownish, narrowed to a hyaline upper part, with margins occasionally slightly thickened; the upper part may be only somewhat narrower than the lower (as in the type specimen), but the two parts appar¬ ently generally of different texture. Lemma of upper (fertile) floret 1.9-2.2 X 1.6—1.9 mm, and 1.5—1.8 mm thick, strongly gibbous, broadly ovate-elliptic, light to dark brown, the apex often becoming suf¬ fused with maroon at maturity, finely and evenly ru¬ gose, the cross-wrinkles slighty less pronounced to¬ ward the shortly apiculate, downturned apex; inrolled margins of the lemma (grasping the palea) are rather broad and somewhat flattened. Stamens 3, yellow. Stigmas 2, dark red. The peculiar palea of the lower floret of Setaria inopinata is almost unique in the genus (at least among American species). A similar palea has been described for S. pflanzii Pensiero from northern Ar¬ gentina and southern Bolivia (Pensiero, 1999), which is otherwise quite unlike S. inopinata. In S. pflanzii, e.g., the rachis is glabrous, the spikelets are 3 mm or more long, the upper glume is equal or subequal to the fertile lemma and 9—10-nerved, and the fertile lemma is nearly smooth and is shiny. I am not aware of other American species possess¬ ing sterile paleas with such marked textural diff- ences between the basal and upper portions. The question arises as to whether the peculiar paleas of these two species result from pathogenic infection, but at least as far as fungal activity is involved, tests were negative for S. inopinata (R. L. Gilbert¬ son, pers. comm. 1997). Setaria inopinata has gone undescribed even though specimens have been examined by such competent agrostologists as L. Parodi, S. Venturi, T. Stuckert, A. Hitchcock, A. Chase, and J. Pensiero. Nearly all the specimens I have seen have labels Novon 10; 415-4-19. 2000. 416 Novon originally bearing only the generic name. Various species names were often added by later workers. It seems astonishing that this distinctive taxon has es¬ caped recognition for so long, and thus its specific name, which means “surprising.” Part of the fore¬ going lack of recognition appears to have been due in some part to the confusion of various species among earlier South American agrostologists (see Toolin & Reeder, 2000). More recently, S. inopinata has had the name of a different species misapplied to it. All specimens of Setaria inopinata I have seen were collected in northwestern Argentina. Flower¬ ing occurs from November to March. As in many other members of subgenus Setaria Rominger (Rominger, 1962), S. inopinata can ex¬ hibit considerable morphological variation in veg¬ etative parts and in panicle size and shape. Such Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Toolin Setaria inopinata from Argentina 417 Figure 2. Photograph of the type specimen of .S', inopinata (,Parodi 14573). 418 Novon variations are probably due to environmental con¬ ditions during growth and reproduction. In habit and gross morphology, S. inopinata most closely re¬ sembles S. tenax (Richard) Roemer & Schultes, and to a lesser extent, S. scabrifolia (Nees) Kunth, and robust forms of S. macrostachya HBK, but differs in significant details. Setaria pflanzii is rather more distinct from the others. The following key will serve to separate the five species. la. Lemma of upper floret entirely shiny and ob¬ scurely rugose; panicle axis glabrous; upper glume equal or subequal to the upper lemma; spikelets 2.8-3 mm long. S. pflanzii lb. Lemma of upper floret entirely rugose and not shiny, or only the apex smooth and shiny; panicle axis ± pubescent; upper glume % or less as long as the upper lemma; spikelets 2.4 mm long or less. 2a. Apex of upper floret lemma not rugose, more or less smooth, shiny; palea of lower floret as broad and long as upper floret palea, with widely infolded margins. 3a. Upper glume ca. Vi the length of upper lemma; awns with both antrorse and re- trorse barbs. S. tenax 3b. Upper glume ca. % the length of the upper floret lemma; awns with antrorse barbs only. S. scabrifolia 2b. Upper lemma entirely rugose, apex never smooth and shiny; lower palea narrower than the upper floret palea, the margins not wide¬ ly infolded. 4a. Collars bearing stiff hairs ca. 1 mm long, becoming glabrate; panicle axis densely hirsute or somewhat pilose, the hairs ca. 1 mm long; upper glume ca. V* the length of the upper floret lemma; lemma tan to brown, upper part usually suffused with maroon at maturity; palea of lower floret ± pyriform and coria¬ ceous at base.5. inopinata 4b. Collars glabrate or with minute, curly hairs; panicle axis not densely hairy, bearing scattered villous white hairs (2)3(4) mm long; upper glume Vs the length of the upper lemma; lemma greenish white to tan, apex never suf¬ fused with maroon; palea of lower floret lanceolate-oblong, never coriaceous at base. S. macrostachya Specimens at NY and US of what I propose as Setaria inopinata were annotated as S. macrostachya by J. Pensiero. I do not know the basis for Pensiero s annotations to S. macrostachya. It appears from his published descriptions (1988, 1999) that he has been consistently misapplying the name S. macros¬ tachya HBK to the species herein described as new. In addition to the characters in the key above, S. macrostachya differs in having fertile lemmas con¬ sistently narrower and thinner relative to length. In S. macrostachya, the averaged width; thickness; length values (for over 100 specimens) are 1.5; 1.5; 2.1 mm, while in S. inopinata averaged values (for ca. 35 specimens) are 1.6; 1.7; 2.1 mm, respectively. Although Pensiero (1999) gave the width of “S. ma¬ crostachya ’ (5. inopinata) lemmas as “1.2-2 mm lat.," I have found only one or two lemmas as narrow as 1.3 mm, and very few as narrow as 1.4 mm wide, about 90% being 1.5—1.8 mm. These differences may be attributed to the occasional extreme in Pen- siero’s larger sample, and need not be critical. Pen¬ siero (1988: 374) indicated that he had seen “frag- mentos del holotipo” of S. macrostachya at BAA; if those fragments consisted solely of spikelets, then a misconception might have arisen some time after he saw those fragments, since the spikelets of the two species are roughly similar at first glance, both being notably gibbous. I emphatically point out that Pen- siero’s description is very different than Rominger’s description of S. macrostachya HBK, in the standard work on North American Setaria (Rominger, 1962), which Pensiero has cited (1988, 1999). I will be providing specimens of S. macrostachya HBK (that I have compared to type fragments (US) of that spe¬ cies) to various South American herbaria so that a clear concept of that species may be gained by South American agrostologists. Paratypes. ARGENTINA. Chaco: Villa Angela, Feb. 1940, Boffa s.n.(NY); Las Buenas, entre grannasf?] en los cercos, 24 Feb. 1930, Venturi 10174 (GH, NY, US). For¬ mosa: Laishi, Mar. 1918, Jorgensen 2414 (GH). Juyjuy: San Pedro de Juyjuy, 12 Apr. 1945. O'Donnell 3053 (NY); Dept. Capital, Arroyo Palo Mercado, 23 Jan. 1976, Ca¬ brera et al. 27505 (US); La Mendiela, 11 July 1945, Par- odi 14578 (US); Dept. Capital, Rio Lali, 12 Dec. 1923, Venturi 2259 (US). Salta: Dept. Capital. La Merced, 26 feb. 1949, Legname 474 (US); Dept. Candelaria, Agua Caliente, 26 Feb. 1925, Venturi 3696 (US); Dept. Salta, Rosario de la Frontera, 29 Jan. 1935, Carbone 767 (GH); Dept. Cerillos, Cerillos, 2 Feb. [19]4I. Meyer 3583 (GH); Ledesma, 27 Apr. 1927, 30 Enero 1916, Spegazzini 1088 (US); Cerro San Bernardino, 6 Feb. 1940, Parodi 13497, 13499 , 13505 (US). Tucuman: Dept. Leales, I-as Encru- cijades, 24 Feb. 1941, Ousset 56 (NY), 53 (GH); Dept. Burrujacu, Cerro de Campo, Mar. 1918, Bailetti 309 (GH); Dept, leales, I,a Rioja, 4 Feb. 1940. Castellanos s.n. (GH); Dept. Leales, Chanar Pozo, Nov. 1919, Venturi 626 (GH. K, US); Tapia, Hab. rozadas, 29 Dec. 1911, Ro¬ drigues 253 (US); Dept. Capital, Capital, 15 Mar. 1910, Lillo 10081 (US); Dept. Trancas. Tapia, 30 Dec. 1923, Venturi 2341A, 2343 (US); Dept. Cruz Alta, Estacibn Ar- aoz, 6 Jan. 1926, Schreiter 4496 (US). Acknowledgments. I thank the curators and staffs of ARIZ, GH, K, NY, and US for facilitating the loan of specimens and/or providing work space. Unfortunately, the South American Setaria speci¬ mens housed at MO were on loan and not available at the time of this study. J. R. Reeder reviewed an earlier draft of this manuscript. Amy Eisenberg Volume 10, Number 4 2000 Toolin Setaria inopinata from Argentina 419 made the drawing in Figure 1, and John Amato provided the photo in Figure 2. Literature Cited Pensiero, J. R. 1988. Especies criticas de Setaria (Gra- mineae: Paniceae) para la flora Argentina. Bol. Soc. Ar¬ gent. Bot. 25(3-4): 369-384. -. 1999. Setaria pflanzii (Poaceae: Paniceae), nueva espeeie para el norte de Argentina y sur de Bolivia. Hickenia 11: 123-126. Rominger, J. M. 1962. Taxonomy of Setaria (Gramineae) in North America. Univ. Illinois Press, Urbana. Toolin, L. & J. R. Reeder. 2000. The status of Setaria macrostachya and its relationship to S. vulpiseta (Gra¬ mineae). Syst. Bot. 25: 26—32. Volume 10, Number 1, pp. 1-94 o! NOVON was published on 17 April 2000. Volume 10, Number 2, pp. 95-186 of NOVON was published on 30 June 2000. Volume 10, Number 3, pp. 187—298 of NOVON was published on 12 September 2000. Volume 10, Number 4, pp. 299^420 of NOVON was published on 14 December 2000.