AN AZOREAN COLLECTING GROU (PICO DO CARVAO). MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT. ST. LOUIS, MO.: PUBLISHED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 1897. BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. President, RUFUS J. LACKLAND. Vice-President, HENRY HITCHCOCK, LL.D. JOSEPH W. BRANCH. WINFIELD S. CHAPLIN, Chancellor of Washington Univer- JOHN GREEN, M. D. sity.* PAUL F. CostTE,1 Joux B. JoumEON, M. D. President of the Board of Public Davip F, Kame. Schools of St. Louis.* MELVIN L. GRAY, GEORGE A. MADILL, President of the Academy of Science of St. Louis.* LEONARD MATTHEWS, DANIEL 8. TUTTLE, Bishop of the Diocese of Missouri.* HENRY ZIEGENHEIN,2 JAMES E, YEATMAN, Mayor of the City of St. Louis.* WILLIAM H. H. Perrus, A. D, CUNNINGHAM, Secretary. *Kx-oficio. 1 Elected President of the School Board May 31, 1897, to succeed Henry Bus, who had held that office since March 12, 1896, 2Elected Mayor of the City of St. Louis, April 6, 1897, to succeed Cyrus P. Walbridge, who was elected to that office April 4, 1893. (2) PREFACE. Under direction of the Board of Trustees, the eighth annual report of the Missouri Botanical Garden is presented to the public. The seventh report was issued May 23, 1896. Advance copies of M. Cardot’s papers on Mosses of the Azores and of Madeira were issued April 14, 1897. The reports of the Garden are sent regularly to scientific institutions and journals, in exchange for publications or specimens desirable for the library, herbarium, or plant- houses of the Garden. So far as possible, reprints of the botanical articles which they contain are sent to botanists occupied with a study of the same subjects. Any of the Garden publications not out of print may be purchased, at approximately the cost of publication, from Dr. A. E. Foote, of Philadelphia, the Cambridge Botanical Supply Co., of Cambridge, Mass., W. Wesley & Son, of London, R. Friedliinder & Sohn, of Berlin, or the under- signed. A list of the papers thus far published is to be found at page 221 of the present volume. WitiiaM TRELEASE. St. Louis, July 31, 1897. (3). CONTENTS. PAGE. 1. REPORTS FOR THE YEAR 1896:— a. Report of the Officers of the Board . . + + «© «© « + 7 b. Eighth Annual Report of the Director . . . « + + + 12 2. SCIENTIFIC PAPERS :— a. The Mosses of the Azores — By J. Cardot . ... . - 0s De b. On some Mosses Collected in Madeira a William Tre- lease, in June, 1896 — Fe ee FP Gee cr ae elle A hk 20 2 73 c. Botanical Observations on the Azores — By William Trelease « «2 © © © © © © © es 77 3. LIBRARY CONTRIBUTIONS :— a. A List of Books and Papers published from the Missouri Botanical Garden or by its Employees, or based chiefly on Work done by aid of the Facilities of the Garden, from September, 1889, to December, 1896, inclusive — By William Trelease .. . eng, b. A List of Books and Papers published rey Instructone in the Henry Shaw School of Botany, from September, 1885, to December, 1896, inclusive, and not included in the foregoing List — By William Trelease . .- ete S20 c. A General Subject Index to the Contents of the Papers mentioned in the foregoing Lists — By William Trelease . «© « - © © © © @ © @ 233 (5) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. An Azorean Collecting Ground (P A. E. Cady) In the Agave House. . ° The Museum-Gate House . A Winter Scene . After the Tornado Aquatics. . Map oe ee eee eee Massed herbaceous Plants . Plates 1-11, Mosses of Azores and Madeira Plates 12-66, Azorean Plants . (6) hotographed by ° . Frontispiece. . Facing page f ce ce 1% Ce ee 15 c ce 18 “ce if 36 if eceracee 7] 38 os 2 46 Following page 75 cc “cc IN THE AGAVE HOUSR. OF ee CE Te ore er rie he REPORTS FOR THE YEAR 1896, REPORT OF THE OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. SUBMITTED TO THE TRUSTEES JANUARY 13TH, 1897. To the Board of Trustees of The Missouri Botanical Garden: The financial statement herewith presented shows satis- factory results. Owing to the depressed condition of busi- ness, necessitating a reduction of rentals in some cases and vacancies in two large buildings for a portion of the year, the receipts from rentals have not equaled those of the preceding year by $3,186.71, but both of these buildings have been leased for a term of years at good prices and no further vacancies or reductions of rentals are anticipated at present. The properties of the Board have been kept in good repair and with few exceptions are all rented. The tornado of May 27th caused great damage to many buildings belonging to the Board, as much of its property was located directly in the path of the storm, and 58 buildings were damaged in amounts ranging from $5.00 to $2,000.00 each, and $7,946.06 was expended in restoring these buildings to their original condition. The Garden suffered severely by the destruction of trees, shrubs and damage to buildings and plant houses, necessitating an expenditure of $4,479.36 for labor and material. The efforts made in 1895 to lease for residence purposes certain properties of the Board lying west of Grand Avenue having failed, the Board authorized its attorneys to bring suit in the Circuit Court, City of St. Louis, asking for au- (7) 8 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. thority to sell all or a portion of its property lying west of Grand Avenue, except the Garden and the farm adjoining. This cause was called for hearing before Judge Valliant on June 8th, and after two days’ trial was submitted to the Court. On August 17th a decree and judgment were entered for the plaintiffs. The cause is now pending in the Supreme Court of the State. An application for an advancement of the case in that Court was made, but was not granted, but the application will be renewed at the April term and it is hoped a decision will be rendered during the year. In view of the proposed opening, widening and improve- ment of Flora Avenue and other streets near the Garden, applications have already been received for the purchase of building sites. Further additions have been made to the library, her- barium and furniture, and the following sums have been credited to the stock account as a permanent investment, which now aggregates $1,528,081.42 :— Library (purchases and donations)..........c.cceeceeccucuce $4,049 12 Herbarium (purchases and donations)...........sceseeeccees 1,646 70 $5,695 82 Mr. Shaw’s bequests for banquets, sermon, premiums for flower show, and Shaw School of Botany, have all been faithfully carried out; and after supporting the Garden, caring for the properties of the Board and the restoration of the buildings damaged by the tornado, and repairing damages at the Garden, all of which having been paid for out of the revenues for the year, we carry forward only a small balance. For a full and detailed account of the receipts and expenditures you are referred to the following statement :— Eee TO ee Per ne a teen REPORT OF THE OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. 9 RECEIPTS. Rents -. cece vccccecccccecesevssiccs seaveseseces $94,681 19 Interest, dividends and cash discounts on taxes. 3,922 64 Garden, pasturage, Sales, CtC..++++-seereeeeeres 491 00 Garden hand book saleS...--e++eeessseeee Setaece 65 75 Publications Sales.ccescceesses coves secs severs 5 80 $99,166 88 Stock Account paid by Administrator, balance.. 5,051 82 Streets, damages for opening....+-++++++ererers 8,258 80 13,310 12 $112,476 50 Cash balance, January 1st, 1896..-+++++eerseeres 11,485 51 MPH onic ik wcrc cc eee tees cee cere wg tetak eine $123,962 O1 EXPENDITURES. Garden Account, Labor pay roll..seeereeee ees Ayre ein seeee $11,803 70 Students’ pay roll...... MT TO OR Le . 1,539 60 $13,343 30 Office aSSistanCe.+-cseeeeeeseeseesees errs 520 33 520 33 Bue) -bsioc-co-waeiane eee OE a er ais aig fap see 818 48 818 48 Water..ccce cece saccccccvccce ssccvccscssncce . 706 00 Repairs and supplies...-.-++++ereeeereees PPG Fe | 2,186 16 Stable and implements.....-+++++++ seers sees 859 11 859 11 Plants and SC€dS.....eccceccccececcseccececes 1,194 73 1,194 73 Herbarium, Office assistanCe....... see eeeceeeeceeees waiecs 298 00 Janitor’s SErviceS.....ecee reece cece eceeee rece 90 00 Extra Mounting. .....+eeeeeeeeeee ceeeees +e 51 41 belie citis cis peice ic cee ots cie 6's sae clea ses. 9-9 wah Rae 75 03 Current expenditure.........eeersare . 1,762 43 2,276 87 Library, Office assistance....-..- Ree PEEL ERE ETL 868 22 Salary of Indexer.......-+++++- Fewe vues ivewse 480 00 WO Gl eine o1occc.c otk oe 0 9 oe sib 64’ sisje:9, 60.64. 0s[0ie70 0.0/0 75 02 Current expenditure and bOOKS.++++++ +++ sees 8,587 93 4,461 17 Office, BAIAVIOR 6 see ee es cece sce ce ece ceeteee sivrevehes 4,371 67 Telephone ..-e..eeeee cece cece reese ceeeces oveee 100 00 Fuel eeeee @reeeee nese eerste eeeereeeeree eoeseeee 75 01 Current expenditure....+-seresseeeecceessecee 251 80 4,798 48 Research, Salary of artist......+-seeesseeeeees eactoveee 425 00 Other salaries......+.sessseee see cece cece cece 565 62 Incidentals.....seccrece cece ceeecseceescceres 20 75 1,011 37 Carried forward...cescececeeesecees $31,470 CO $31,470 00 10 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Brought forward....... se secce sees Cvecrecees $31,470 00 $31,470 00 Scholarship, Instruction .......... Rhst shea nsonxe hun ae ewe 295 00 Announcement... .......se00 02 vee ee Cece cccere 14 00 Care of lodge..........s.00 eo ceee ec ereee veces 240 00 PUG, 000s 55 0600 200 ss 0 eRe ES Elkan 46 28 SEDOE HU ON s iconc 0d cdalcse ee ce op ne betones. 208 87 804 15 $32,274 15 Garden Improvement, Storm damage ..............000. oecevcece eves 4,479 86 Extension of garden, etc........sscessescecee 506 75 4,986 11 Total for Garden Publication Account, Annual volume............... jo voae oDeeweee Property Expense Account, Taxes: State, city, school and sprinkling...... Streets, pavements and sewers.............005 THSOPANCO 55.0 5 oe see hes Veveveasseheuy Try Repairs, sss eseers 6s EMER ERE YG ic we eee Tornado damage repairs............... vevevee Office Account, Salaries......... reer Te RETR ree oe Sundry Accounts, MsOGRl BX PONS sss s cece cccevcss ces Siviuree Streets, benefits for opening.............44+ “r Bequests, Premiums to flower Show.........-seeeseeeces Flower sermon.......... reer rrr re oe Trustees’ banquet.........2 sce cceecccens wma Gardeners’ banquet...... peeetats + karen ska Washington University, School of Botany..... 1,918 24 935 22 25,804 28 4,317 86 5,578 80 5,637 16 7,946 06 3,600 00 840 00 559 25 2,232 05 8,100 00 461 00 200 00 672 55 340 80 1,019 80 $37,260 26 2,848 46 49,284 16 4,999 25 10,332 05 2,694 15 $107,418 33 $107,418 33 Invested in 1896........ eeeeeeee Ce Cash on hand December 81, 1896........ssse0-0- Tota i ee | @eeeeeene . 16,537 33 6 35 $123,962 01 Me tei itt Sat gale tee me Re ee ee ee as, Br oy Pie ns 7k Cae AN ae « REPORT OF THE OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. 11 The books of the Board have been closed after showing the operations for the year ending Dec. 31, 1896, and the receipts have been disposed of as follows :— Rent account ....+-+- oc ue cupip es vaeeteeenede cas peagene bo Interest ..-2.ceccccce rere ccccec cece sees Sore 8,922 64 Garden hand-book...++++++s+seserereeeee ey 65 75 $98,669 58 CONTRA. Garden Expense ...+seee cece cere ceeecetece cere $31,783 15 Garden improvements....+-+++ sere reeeereeeere 506 75 Garden storm repairs.... 22+ eee eee ee eeereee 4,479 36 Office EXPENSE. ++ sees seeeeeeree cee eree ceeeee 4,999 25 Repairs ..+--++- PANE? SEE ICC Ea MOM art 5,637 16 IMSUFANCE. oo ce cee cece etree certs rene teee tees 5,578 80 TAXeS.ccccc cece cccn cece ceceee cess seeeareeeres 25,804 28 Street, pavements and S€WePs.----++esereereres 4,159 66 Damage by storm to revenue property..--++--- 7,946 06 Legal expenses.-ssseeceeseeeeeserceeresreress 2,282 05 Washington University, School of Botany..--- 1,019 80 Flower sermon...-- i oecesese eset! ree 200 00 Trustees’ banquet... ..+eeeeeeereees Were ui Rye F 672 55 Gardeners’ banquet..--.- a See rurarere or 340 80 Flower SHOW .seeeecee cece cee: rece cecerecceees 461 00 Publications 0... 0+ cccc cee eccscesesrescrenes 2,842 66 Surplus for 1896.. ..++eeeeeeresereeeee eres cess 6 35 $98,669 58 $98,669 58 Surplus to December 31, 1895..--++++++++++++ $73,818 49 A for 1896....++--+ PAR Aa co aC 6 35 $73,824 84 Respectfully submitted, R. J. LacKLanp, President. Attest: A. D. CunNNINGHAM, Secretary. EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. SUBMITTED TO THE TRUSTEES JAN. 18TH, 1897. To the Board of Trustees of the Missouri Botanical Garden: The following report on the Missouri Botanical Garden and the Henry Shaw School of Botany is respectfully sub- mitted, in compliance with the rules of the Board. Atthe request of the Garden Committee, in addition to a state- ment of operations for the past year, the present report includes a general summary of what has been accomplished since the organization of the Board in September, 1889. THE BOTANICAL GARDEN. One of the first steps taken by the Board of Trustees was the adoption of a general outline policy for the guid- ance of the Director,* and, as this policy has not been materially changed, the instructions are here quoted, as a convenient means of noting such advances as have been made during the past seven years. 1. To continue or even augment the present ornamental features of the Garden. 2. To add to its botanical usefulness and interest by the introduction, as opportunity offers, of plants representative of the American flora, so that, other things being equal, these shall ultimately be largely repre- sented and may even preponderate outside of the greenhouses, giving then, in the Garden, an epitome of the leading characteristics of our native flora. 3. To carry into execution, as rapidly as possible, a system of cor- rectly naming and labeling all plants in the Garden, with the exception of such as may be used in ribbon gardening or for other exclusively ornamental purposes. * First Report. 93. (12) : THE MUSEUM GATE HOUSE. EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 13 4. To provide fire-proof quarters for the invaluable herbarium of the late Dr. George Engelmann, and to immediately mount it in the proper manner, so as to insure its preservation and availability for scientific use. Also, to provide for and add to the general herbarium (based on that of Bernhardi) now at the Garden, with the special object of ulti- mately making it complete in good representatives of American plants. 5. To arrange, bind, and index the books and pamphlets at the Gar- den. Also, to provide more ample but equally safe accommodations for the library, to bring it up to date as rapidly as possible, to enter sub- scriptions for periodical publications, and to keep it abreast of the times, and in the most useful form, by the purchase of important publications as they shall appear, and by the proper indexing of periodicals and pamphlets. . 6. To secure a botanical museum, containing material needed for study or calculated to advance general or special knowledge of botany. 7. To direct the main energy of research for the present toward as- sisting in the completion of asystematic account of the flowering plants of North America, by the publication of monographs of different Orders and Genera, illustrated when this may seem desirable; and to specially cultivate representatives of such groups for purposes of study. 8. To gradually acquire and utilize facilities for research in vegetable histology and physiology, the diseases and injuries of plants, and other branches of botany and horticulture, as special reason for developing one or the other may appear 9. To make the facilities of the Garden useful in botanical and horti- cultural instruction, as they increase and opportunity for such work appears: meantime, in all feasible ways, to attract to the School of Botany students of promise, and to provide for their instruction and the best use of their time as investigators. 10. To take steps looking to the early appointment of six “ garden pupils,’? — youths with at least an elementary English education, who shall be regarded as apprentices in the Garden, working under the direc- tion of the head gardener and foremen, and shall hold scholarships yielding $300.00 per year each, together with free lodging near or in the Garden, and free tuition in the School of Botany, and who, after having worked for six or more years (as shall ultimately prove best) in the different departments of the Garden, and proved proficient in its practical work, may be admitted to examination for a certificate of proficiency in the theory and practice of gardening. 11. To have in mind, in appointing associates for the Director, their special aptitude in some one of the branches indicated above, so that with each appointment the efficiency of the institution for instruction and original work may be broadened and increased. On assuming control of the Garden, the Board soon saw that the large amount of unimproved real estate which fell to their care, and which was unproductive and at the same 14 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. time a source of present expense and of anxiety as to its future, since very expensive street improvements were likely to be ordered at any time, would necessitate great economy in the management of the Garden for some years; and it was early felt to be imperative that the annual expenditures should be closely limited to what was necessary for the maintenance of the Garden as it then existed, making pro- vision for a very gradual development along certain of the lines indicated in Mr. Shaw’s will, and embraced in the out- line policy adopted by the Board, while leaving others for future attention, so that with as, great rapidity as possible a reserve fund might be accumulated, sufficiently large to provide for the emergencies which were likely to arise in connection with the unimproved real estate. This policy, since the principal of the endowment could not be used, was obviously also the only one which would render possi- ble the expenditure at any one time of considerable sums in effecting permanent improvements and extensions at the - Garden, which it was easy to foresee would be necessary within a comparatively few years. Therefore, while the expenditures for the first two years after the organization of the Board were high, because of the necessity for immedi- ate and extensive repairs in many directions, the annual amount available for maintenance expenses* was soon lim- ited to $30,000.00, to which, however, has been added each year, by special appropriation, such sum as seemed abso- lutely necessary for extensions and improvements which could not be deferred without detriment to the institution. From the reports of the officers of the Board, as pub- lished in the annual Reports of the Garden, has been pre- pared the following tabulation of maintenance expenses :— * Rept. ii. pp. 8, 16. eee A WINTER SCENE. POIOPUDI FOOJAIOS SNOJIVA IOJ JUNOODY WapIVH 0} POFZIVYO MOU 8] SOIIV[Vs DOWJO 043 Jo jIed WY “4YuNnooOY soo oy} Jepun pervoddu sosuodxo yqourvosol ‘Feat Nag ft “ejlBqi0Y [pAByUlog puv auvallosuy oy} Suyjunow A0J 10M BIvId OA} BSI OY} IOJ SoINpUIdxo VZ1¥] ogy, } ‘JUNODDY UOpIVy og} Uy W9}] JOB] FSU PoL1IvO W90q SYY OANJIPUSdXo $14} OFBP Bq} OOUTS ynq ‘esuedxo dyysIBjoyos Jo wi94] ue sv porvodde stjdnd uoprez 07 pred sodem ou} Zest 01 dN x It'9ser$ ‘saredor | Zo"cgeor$ eocets$ }§6=— ‘spuod | 18 cezg 90 908z$ 68 CSLTI$ Si'goge$ ‘oousp | SINEaRAAOMAIKT W10}8 2 UOlsuN1xy ‘019 ‘esnoye}ey pue ssnoyusaly | *039 ‘soseo AIBIgyy]) ‘039 ‘sosvo AIBIQI'T ‘g0mep{soy | -1s01 =F odd 1938 AA TYI0addg CL PLZze$ 98° c00Te$ 1B 86¥8Z$ SL’ Srgrss SI 90TOS$ G8 ZESFES Po ee ee "°° SIVLOL, CT ¥08 60° 0S9 FF LOL IT‘ 09g L8°QFF 29° GOFL 90° LOFS Ss VaTHSAWIOHOS 1g Trot or’ us cs = ti‘(‘ds ee ae Meee Ub ieee OS Pee fe veeeeeeeees “tHOmVESET SP S6LF £8 6S8F ¥9°Z9ES 90° 609% 09 OFFS C3" PLIQ L¥ 3869 bey °°" POLO LU TOF GF SLEF 06'F19Z 9° StF 8L'Z09T 92" 19GF 8g" Zgag fee kMVaary L8°9L2% zs I6IT 1¢'098 I¥ SIFL LO Z0¢ OL 6618 16° 802¢ ee Ue SWOVvasay Il'Zzests$ 9 ——-—— | IL SavsT$ ——-—— | Re LIF8I$ ——-—— | 89°sT902$ 96°80TZz$ ———— | 26' F6L08$ 98° 82688$: = SL FEIT LB SSCL 80° #8 98° S19 er 98h 6F OZOT 62°329 0 | Spoos Y sug 9L' 981% CF 0S61 LE 6FST GF TLES 5S 6E8s 9 TOLL cl ozrs =|" sayddns »-sryedoy IT 698 6 FLE ¥¥ 409 ST 869 00°08 6L'ST8 os'slg = | ‘syuSMIa[dwy y a1qQuIg SF ST8 Bo CLZI 18° 28ST 00° LSFT 6° SFIT T8°990T Ueto. Teng evens LR aR Acar Sb os: a ee SepENysTeEy Som os sFeets w Izeel$ 29° 960F TS OL LESsTs 26 SCOTS LS Z610z$ SF LOzST$ |" ele +102] ‘NECUVYD ‘qaodey qIq31q) | “(todey yiueAes) | ‘(y10dey 4IXIS) *Q1odey WIsId) ‘Qaodey qiin0g) | ‘(aodey parqL) | *(410dey puoseg) Ee noooy “96ST “6ST “F68T “S68T “T68T “068I- (‘SOU g) ESST “SHSNUACX TO AUVWAWAS 16 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. While the amount of ordinary repairs carried as a part of the running expense of the Garden has been much smaller since 1892 than before that time, the employment of a more intelligent class of men as vacancies occur, more thorough organization of the labor, and improvement in the methods of caring for the Garden, by which a smaller num- ber of men now do the work, have made it possible, also, to considerably lessen the proper maintenance gardening expenses, although the area of plant-houses has been in- creased, as well as the number and variety of plants grown; and this has been accomplished not only without a reduction in the wages of.the gardeners, but notwithstanding an in- crease of about 25 per cent. in their wages. During the year 1896, the ornamental features of the Garden were of the same general character as heretofore, and about the same number of species and nearly the same of individuals were cultivated for this purpose, in the open air, asin 1895. The house collections, on the other hand, especially that of orchids, have been considerably increased, both in size and variety. A conservative estimate by the Head Gardener shows that at present about two and one- half times as many species and named varieties of plants are cultivated as in 1889. At the end of 1895,* an inven- tory of the plants in cultivation at the Garden showed that 3921 named species and varieties, other than annuals, were cultivated at that time. During the past year, while con- siderable additions have been made, it is probable that cer- tain species have dropped out of cultivation, so that in the absence of a special inventory it is possible to state merely that the number now in cultivation is unquestionably some- what greater than that in 1895. As has been done in pre- vious years, surplus bedding and plant-house material has been donated in considerable quantity to public kinder- gartens, hospitals, mission schools, and similar charities, something over 1500 plants having been so distributed. As * Seventh Report, 14. EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 17 in the last few years, the impossibility of transmitting seeds and plants to foreign gardens, through the mails, has made it almost impossible to distribute seeds to such correspond- ents, and, as a result, only a few packets have been sent off. During 1896, 241 consignments of plants and seeds were received at the Garden, of which 175 consignments, aggregating 3967 plants and packets of seeds, valued at $515.00, were donated or sent in exchange for Garden material. It is estimated that, for various temporary reasons, the number of visitors to the Garden during 1896 was scarcely as large as in the preceding year. On the open Sunday afternoon in June, 10,598 persons passed the gate, and on the corresponding Sunday afternoon in September, 13,589 visitors were counted. So far as estimates can be made from the data at hand, the number of visitors to the Gar- den is now about one-half greater than in 1889, though, as no automatic register of visitors is kept at the gate, the estimates are not accurate. The multiplication and improve- ment of car lines by which the Garden can be reached make it probable that the increase noted will continue. While many difficulties are encountered in securing the correct and permanent labeling of the collections of living plants, the gardeners are gradually coming to understand the necessity of care in preventing labels from becoming lost or separated from the plants to which they pertain. A considerable part of the time of an intelligent man is given to writing labels and supervising labeling, and by far the greater part of the collection is now fairly well and accurately labeled, the names adopted in the Index Kewensis being in the main employed, in accordance with the rules of the Society of American Florists * and a report adopted by the Madison Botanical Congress of 1893.T Though the gardening features have this year been main- * Proceedings Socy. Amer. Florists, 1893,91; American Florist, Aug. 17, 1893; Florists’ Exchange, 1893, 730, 732. + Proc. Madison Bot. Congress, 1893, 41. 9 “ 18 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. tained, on the whole, in as creditable a manner as in 1895, in some respects the Garden has not been as attractive to the casual visitor as it was the year before. Asa result of the most destructive hailstorm that has ever been experi- enced at the Garden, some 6,000 lights of glass were broken on the 21st of May last, the falling glass doing incalculable damage to many of the plants, which were further exposed to the weather for a considerable time. Cacti and other plants which are sheltered under glass during the winter, but which had been placed in the rockeries and elsewhere before the storm, were either destroyed or so badly bruised that it is impossible even yet to count the final loss. Some idea of the force of the falling hail may be obtained from the statement that the ribbed glass on the roof of the Lin- nean house, nearly a quarter of an inch thick, was in con- siderable part broken. Closely following this storm, the tornado of May 27, which caused great loss of life and property in and about St. Louis, devastated a considerable portion of the Garden. While the grounds, fortunately, were not actually traversed by the cyclonic funnel, but were exposed only to the strong northwest gale which accompanied it, the violence of the wind was such that a number of the structures on the grounds were either unroofed or totally wrecked, while some 450 trees, many of them of large size, were wholly or practically destroyed, and a large percentage of those left standing were seriously broken. A more graphic view of the destruction of trees may be obtained from the state- ment that 186 cords of firewood have been prepared from the more workable trunks and larger branches of the trees removed. Aside from the direct injury, it is probable that no small number of those left have suffered from unwonted exposure to the strong sunlight of last summer and the winds of the present winter, so that many more are almost certain to require removal during the next year or two. It has been necessary to expend all told $4,479.36 in such storm repairs as could be made, and the loss in AFTER THE TORNADO. EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 19 specimen plants cannot be expressed in money. Further- more, in addition to these direct storm repairs, a consider- able increase has been made necessary in the ordinary maintenance expenses during the past season. But on the whole, there is reason for great congratulation that the Garden did not fare far worse, since its library and herba- rium, because of the energetic action of my assistants, were practically uninjured, its greenhouses were soon renovated, and enough trees escaped to prevent the grounds from appearing ruined. When the Board assumed control of the Garden, a small museum, containing both vegetable and animal material, was found open to the public; but as this had long been without the attention of a curator, the material proved to be in so dilapidated a condition as to require the closing of the museum. During 1890 and 1891, in the absence of other available quarters, the office of the Director was maintained in his residence, and this museum building was devoted to the housing of the herbarium and library, tables being provided in it for those who were engaged in research work. In 1891, in compliance with the will of Mr. Shaw, his city residence was removed from its site at Seventh and Locust streets, and, after careful consideration by the Board, was reconstructed in an essen- tially fire-proof manner within the Garden inclosure, and this building has been used for office, herbarium, library and laboratory purposes since the end of that year, the intention being that it shall ultimately form part of an extensive system of fire-proofed structures devoted also in part to museum purposes. During the period of time covered by this report, the herbarium has increased from 159,046 unmounted speci- mens, constituting the Engelmann and Bernhardi* herbaria, * In answer to questions already asked by friends of the Garden, and to remove doubt which may subsequently arise, it may be stated that this is the herbarium of Professor Johann Jakob Bernhardi, who was born in 20 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. to 258,629 mounted specimens, protected by impregnation with corrosive sublimate. The present composition of the herbarium, in which 10,793 specimens derived by purchase and 5,674 specimens received as donations or in exchange have been incorporated in 1896, and from which 1,061 un- mounted duplicates have been distributed, is as follows: — The Engelmann herbarium (all groups), about...... 97,800 specimens. The general herbarium of higher plants: — The Bernhardi herbarium.............61,120 Other specimens: s.........0scccce vies 80,843 141,963 “ The collection of Thallophytes: — The Bernhardi herbarium........ vsaaes 126 Other specimens...............06+0 000018,740 18,866 - Making a total of about........+-+e06- 258,629 WAITIDU -Wlis-0 00.2 Fane eee ait bua 0 knoll +++ +$25,862 90 Practically as part of the herbarium, the following material is noted: — Wood specimens of various sizes........+..-- 1,027, valued at $100 00 Wood veneers, by Spurr, Hough, Noérdlinger and Michel. ..2.csccsseccccesces aie geanes 2,229 8 * 150 00 Microscope slides, by Hough, Penhallow, Mun- roe, and others..... sceccccccccccccccevees 1,051 *« 250 00 . YTogether.......... occa eeeee eves 4,307 * $500 00 Erfurt, Germany, in 1774, and who died at Erfurt in 1850. Further in- formation about the herbarium can be found in the earlier Garden Reports (ii. 25; iii. 15; iv. 12; v.15; vi. 15; vii. 17), and in the Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, vol. i. page 316. At the Royal Botanical Garden at Berlin, Germany, is also a Bernhardi herbarium, formed, however, by a different person, namely Theodor Bernhardi, born in 1810, died in 1889, who, as I learn by a letter from Dr. Urban, was also a resident of Erfurt.— See also Engler’s Bot. Jahrbicher, xiv. Beiblatt, Heft 4, p. 37. EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 21 The library, which at first contained considerably less than 5,000 volumes and pamphlets, has increased to: Pamphlets. ..ces csc ecstoccece 12,848 Books (general) ....-+e+e+sees 9,885 valued at............ $36,144 23 Books (Sturtevant Prelinnean Jibrary)* »..csscsccossvesee 463 aoe rere 2,315 00 MS. volumes (Engelmann)..... 60 hh Oe ta ani cmt 600 00 (ReNNS ceck dav scees ss 1 ae ee 100 00 OU ek ee oe wee 23,257 < ee $39,159 23 Index cards...-......+.eeeees 165,969 ue OC eveewewees $1,659 69 During the past year, 219 volumes and 702 pamphlets, valued at $539.55, were donated to the library, and 571 volumes and 1,216 pamphlets were purchased, $3,310.45 having been expended for purchases and binding for the library. The index has been increased during the past year by the incorporation of 19,912 cards, of which 5,350 were purchased, and the remainder written by the Garden in- dexers. Notwithstanding the provision of safe and, for the time being, ample quarters for the library and herbarium in the reconstructed city residence, it has not yet been found practicable to remove the numerous wood specimens, and other unattractive but necessary and valuable material, from the old museum building, so as to free the latter for other uses, nor has it proved possible to spare funds for the purchase of material and the salary of an assistant who should be charged with the installation and maintenance of a museum illustrating some branch of pure or applied botany, such as might be accommodated in this small building were it empty. Aside from an increase in the plant-houses, and the ac- cumulation of books, living and preserved specimens of plants and their parts, and a small collection of insects, no considerable facilities for research have been acquired at * Reports iv. 14; v.16; vi. 16; vii. 18, 123-209. ee ees 22 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. the Garden thus far, the instrumental equipment of the School of Botany being found available for all necessary use by the few Garden employees and pupils, and, as yet, no properly equipped permanent laboratory rooms have been provided, adequate temporary provision being made in the herbarium building and the plant-houses for such work as has been undertaken. While in some respects much remains to be done, such facilities as have been secured thus far have been placed at the disposal of investi- gators, of whom one or more have occupied tables at the Garden for a period of from one month toa year, each season for several years past, three such investigators having been accommodated at the Garden during the current autumn and winter. By direction of the Board, a general announcement is made, by a widely distributed circular, in the early part of each year, that such facilities as the Gar- den possesses or can readily acquire for any worthy piece of investigation, are freely placed at the disposal of com- petent investigators. For three years the Garden subscribed for a table at the Marine Biological Laboratory, at Wood’s Holl, Massa- chusetts, as a means of securing the use of facilities for seaside study that it was impracticable to obtain otherwise, and the table was used during the summers through this period by Professor M. A. Brannon, who was thus enabled to accomplish an interesting and valuable piece of work on the life-history of one of the marine algae; but as no em- ployee of the Garden could be spared for summer work at the sea-shore, it was deemed best, in 1895, to withdraw this subscription and apply the money directly to the home needs of the Garden. While, for the reasons already stated, which have neces- sitated the most economical management possible of the Garden, the organization which has been effected has been the simplest which would insure the efficient maintenance of the grounds and a reasonable growth in the library and herbarium, the explicit statement of Mr. Shaw, in the fifth EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 23 paragraph of the second clause of his will * «‘ that scientific investigations in Botany proper, in vegetable physiology, the diseases of plants, the study of the forms of vegetable life, and of animal life injurious to vegetation, experi- mental investigations in horticulture, arboriculture, etc., are to be promoted,”’ has not been lost sight of. From the first, such small part of my own time and of the time of my assistants as could be spared from necessary adminis- trative and curators’ work has been devoted to research, as a result of which a number of papers of greater or less extent have been published. An enumeration of such pub- lications as have issued from the Garden or have resulted, in the main, from work done at the Garden since the organization of the Board, will appear elsewhere in the Eighth Report. To provide a channel for the suitable publication and distribution of such papers, it was early decided by the Board to regard the historical volume issued in 1890 f as the first of a series of annual reports.{ These volumes at first contained the official administrative reports, a detailed account of certain annual events provided for in the will of Mr. Shaw but not directly concerned with the Garden, and such scientific papers as might have been prepared dur- ing the year. Shortly before the sixth volume was issued, after a careful re-examination of the entire question of publication, and a decision by the Board that it was not only proper but desirable that the Garden should continue the printing of annual reports and memoirs, it was decided that, except when specially ordered published,§ the anni- versary reports should be omitted from the annual volume, * First Report, 37. + “The Missouri Botanical Garden.’’— Commonly cited as the First Report, or the Report of 1890. ¢t Second Report, 3; Third Report, 3. § As, for instance, was the case with the able address of President Henry Wade Rogers, — Seventh Report, 113. ; 24 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. leaving the latter as a presentation of the administrative and scientific results attained each year.* From the Secretary’s annual printed statements it appears that the cost of publishing and distributing the annual Reports thus far has been as follows :— 1890, 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896, Total. $1,493 65. $1,465 05. $1,820 61. $2,272 09. $1,849 87. $1,275 31. $2,848 46. $13,025 04. This expenditure, averaging $1,860.72 per year, which includes the expense of a reissue of the first volume in 1893, and of the second and third volumes in 1896, has secured a first edition of 1,500 copies of each Report, and 500 copies of each reissue, enabling us to place sets in nearly or quite all of the centers of botanical research in the world, while the provision of a few hundred reprints of each of the more important scientific articles has rendered it possible for any botanist who really cared to use them to obtain the latter. While wasteful distribution of the Garden publications has been avoided, as far as possible, and the Reports have been sent to permanent libraries, rather than individuals, except where special reason to the contrary existed, direct payment or an exchange equivalent is not demanded where there is reason to believe that they will be preserved in accessible places or used in serious botanical study. Asa result of this policy, it is believed that papers published in the Garden Reports are within the reach of more working botanists than those printed in any other publication, at any rate on this side of the Atlantic. Notwithstanding the liberal policy adopted in the distri- bution of the Garden publications, the object being to render them accessible wherever they were likely to be useful, rather than to see that they were not a source of expense to the Garden, they have now become the recog- * Sixth Report, 3. EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 25 nized source of library and herbarium donations, the value of which, as estimated in the Director’s reports for several years past, is as follows :— HERBARIUM.* LIBRARY.f¢ TOTAL. ISOB «osc on cae e ores Cote ets 08's $324 75 $609 05 $933 80 OY ey ee ea eee 219 70 931 60 1,151 30 1898 . «casey e wire sees edee ec cee 284 15 799 97 1,084 12 MSOB seer eer ies e's ceé oc cans 230 65 539 55 770 20 AVETAZC. 00 cee cece sece scenes $264 81 $720 04 $984 85 Ignoring as a separate item the reprints which have been issued from the Reports, as being relatively inexpensive (though the cost is included in the cost of reports above given ), an analysis of the publication account shows that for an expenditure of $13,025.04, 12,000 copies of the Reports have been printed, making their average cost $1.09 each. About 2,800 copies now remain for future use, so that the actual cost to the Garden of the accessions reported above is $9,985.86, or an average of $1,426.55 per year. In addition to the Reports, in 1893 the Garden issued, for the convenience of visitors, a small handbook, attractively illustrated and bound in leatherette, stating in a concise form the history of the establishment, and indicating a few of the features of interest. By instruction of the Board, this handbook has been offered for sale by the gate-keeper, at the approximate cost of publication, namely 25 cents per copy. In the fourth paragraph of the second clause of his will,t the founder of the Garden declares his intention ‘ that in- struction to garden pupils shall be attended to, both in practical and scientific horticulture, agriculture and arbori- culture.”? From certain manuscript memoranda left by him, it appears that Mr. Shaw’s intention was, at the first, * Valued at the low rate of $5.00 per hundred specimens. + The valuation arbitrary and inexact, but in the main lower than the average selling prices of comparable books and pamphlets. ¢ First Report, 37. 26 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. to endow six scholarships for such pupils, lodging the latter at Garden expense, making them a certain cash allowance each year while they remain at the institution, and giving them all necessary opportunities for both theoretical and practical instruction. Guided by these directions and sug- gestions, the Board, in 1889, created six such scholarships, * at first fixing the course of study at six years, but after- ward f shortening it to four years. The present status of the course for garden pupils is in- dicated in the following eighth annual announcement, which is reprinted from a pamphlet issued in November, 1896 :— In accordance with the intention of its honored founder, the Trustees of the Garden offer theoretical and practical instruction for young men desirous of becoming gardeners. It is not intended at present that many persons shall be trained at the same time, nor that the instruction so planned shall duplicate the excellent courses in agriculture now offered by the numerous State Colleges of the country, but that it shall be quite distinct and limited to what is thought to be necessary for training practi- cal gardeners. To this end, resolutions were adopted by the Trustees, at a meeting held on the 19th of November, 1889, and amended at a meeting of March 9th, 1892, as follows :— ** Resolved, That there be established the number of six scholarships for garden pupils of the Missouri Botanical Garden, to be available on and after April 1, 1890, such scholarships to be awarded by the Director of the Garden on the results of competitive examination, except as here- inafter provided, to young men between the ages of 14 and 20 years, of good character and possessing at least a good elementary English edu- cation; each scholarship to grant such privileges and be subject to such conditions as are provided below or may subsequently be provided by the Trustees of the Garden, ‘‘Until otherwise ordered, two such scholarships shall be reserved for candidates to be named by the State Horticultural Society of Mis- souri, and the Florists’ Club of St. Louis, respectively; provided, that such candidates shall be given scholarships only after passing satisfac- tory preliminary examinations, and shall be subject after appointment to all tests and regulations prescribed for other candidates and pupils, and that if the names of such candidates are not presented by the Societies designated, within sixty days after such actionis requested by the Direc- tor, the vacancies may be filled by him on competitive examination, as in other cases. * First Report, 94. ¢ Fourth Report, 17. AQUATICS. EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 27 ‘Bach scholarship so conferred, may be held by the original recipient for a period not exceeding four years, subject to the following condi- tions :— ‘‘ Each garden pupil shall be required to lead a strictly upright and moral life, and shall be courteous and willing in the performance of all duties prescribed for him. He shall devote his entire time and energy to the labor and studies prescribed for him, except that from time to time he may be granted leave of absence to visit his home or for other good reason, at the discretion of the Director, provided that the aggregate of such absences in any calendar year shall not exceed thirty days. He shall also show such ability in his work and studies as to satisfy the Director that it is advantageous for the scholarship to be held by him; and from time to time he may be subject to both theoretical and practical examina- tions, or may be given special tasks calculated to test his knowledge or resources. Failure to meet the requirements in any one of these respects, making due allowance for extenuating circumstances, shall forfeit all claim on any scholarship, which may then be awarded to another person in the prescribed manner. ; ‘Garden pupils, appointed as above indicated, shall be regarded as apprentices in the Botanical Garden, and as such shall be required to work in it under the direction of the Head Gardener, performing the duties of garden hands. They shall be successively advanced from simpler to more responsible tasks; and, in such order as may seem best, shall be transferred from one department of the Garden to another, until they shall have become thoroughly familiar with the work of all. “‘ To the end that garden pupils shall be repaid for their services to the Garden, and that the absence of pecuniary means need not deter any young man from obtaining such training as is contemplated, each regularly appointed garden pupil holding a scholarship shall be entitled to the following wages, payable in equal installments at the end of each fortnight: For the first year, $200.00; for the second year, $250.00; and for each year after the second, $300.00; together with plain but comfort- able lodgings convenient to the Garden. “In order that they may have opportunity to become instructed in the theoretical part of their profession, and in subjects connected therewith, such pupils shall not be required to do manual work in the Garden for more than five hours per day after the first year, devoting the remainder of their time to the study of horticulture, forestry, botany and ento- mology, under the direction of the Director of the Garden; and they shall for this purpose be granted free tuition in the School of Botany of Washington University. They shall also receive practical instruction in surveying and book-keeping, so far as a knowledge of these subjects is held to be necessary for a practical gardener charged with the manage- ment of an estate of moderate proportions. “« At the expiration of four years, the holder of a scholarship, who is recommended as practically proficient, shall be entitled to examination by the Garden Committee, in the subjects prescribed for study, and on passing such examination to the satisfaction of the Committee and Direc- 28 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. tor, he shall receive a certificate of proficiency in the theory and practice of gardening, signed by the Chairman of the Garden Committee and the Director of the Garden.”’ Under the above provisions, the following eighth announcement is made :-— One scholarship will be awarded by the Director of the Garden, prior to the first of April next. Vacancies which may subsequently arise will be filled annually, after published announcement. Applications for this scholarship, to receive consideration, must be in the hands of the Director not later than the first day of March. The pre- liminary examination will be held on Tuesday, March 9th, at the Botan- ical Garden, St. Louis, at 10 a. m. If there is more than one applicant, competitive examinations, based on the subjects indicated below, will be held at the same place on Friday and Saturday, March 12th and 13th. Candidates who live at places remote from St. Louis, and who wish to be spared the expense of coming to the city for examination, may send with their application the name and address of the principal of the nearest high school or of some approved private school, in case he is willing to take charge of such examination for them ; but all applications of this character must be in the hands of the Director not later than the middle of February. If the examiner is approved, papers will be sent to him before the date set for the examination, and on the payment of a fee of $2.00 to him, the candidate may write on them in his presence on the day specified. If competitive examinations are also required, the same examiner will receive the papers for them in time to submit them to the candidate on the date set for similar examinations in St. Louis, on receipt of an additional fee of $3.00 as a partial payment for his time in con- ducting the examination. The papers written on such examinations will be forwarded by the examiner to the Director of the Garden, who will read them in connection with those written in St. Louis, before making any awards. The successful candidate will be started in his duties asa garden pupil on Friday, April 2d, at the Botanical Garden. All applicants for scholarship, whether named by the Societies indi- cated above or not, are examined in the following subjects, so far as they are taught in the upper classes of grammar schools: English grammar, reading, writing and spelling; arithmetic; and geography. Whenever the number of candidates for scholarships exceeds the number of scholarships to be awarded, all candidates except those named by the Societies indicated, are required to pass a further competitive examination, covering history of the United States, English literature, algebra, German, the elements of botany, zoology, and physiology, and such other subjects as may from time to time be prescribed. It is not intended to make the passing of examinations in these last-named branches a requirement for the award of scholarships, but merely in this way to obtain a means of selecting the most deserving and able candi- dates when it is necessary to reject some. Hence, the Director will always use his discretion as to the importance to be attached to EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 29 greater or less proficiency in any of the subjects covered by competitive examinations, as well as to the other qualifications of candidates ad- mitted to such examinations. Scholarship pupils are lodged free of cost in furnished rooms in a spacious dwelling adjoining the Garden, under the charge of an employee of the Garden. Table board is not supplied, but wholesome food can be obtained in the lodge at reasonable cost (at present, $13.00 per month). The lodge contains a reading-room supplied with the more valuable hor- ticultural and agricultural papers, and also with a small but standard collection of books on the same subjects, which the pupils have free use of, and under needful restrictions they are permitted to make reference use of the general library of the Garden, which already comprises some 10,000 volumes and 10,000 pamphlets relating to all branches of pure and applied botany. So far as possible, the surroundings of pupils are made home-like, and, without assuming any responsibility for their behavior, an effort is made to subject them to influences calculated to insure for them gentlemanly manners and habits of industry and investigation. During the first year of their scholarship, garden pupils work at the practical duties of the Garden nine or ten hours daily, according to the season, the same as regular employees of the Garden, and are also ex- pected to read the notes and articles referring to the subject of their work, in one or more good journals. After the first year one-half of each day is given to manual work, the remainder being devoted to class work as outlined in the appended table. The 76 class exercises per week here‘tabulated (each extending over three months), may be grouped under subjects as follows :— Gardening: Floriculture....-cscce sees soe occ neu ith 5h nner 8 Vegetable gardening.... .... ..0e.s0,.ee0 stu 4 Fruit culture. ...ccccccecccccccvcnasii tapene inane FOVaRT ic see eR AUC UN SETS Soa c cn coe Seek ess vea'ae 3 Landscape gardening ........ i apate ida Naral mensch dhdiee wins 3 Belected thesis WO, ease arc 54.6.0. 4050 0inaiese ade ee cee 4 30 Surveying and drainage ...........cccccscccee cosecves 6 Rookkeeping and accounts... ..-- ose cceseccss enikiareineion 4 BGOMOTNG GHLOMOlOZY. .. 200002 es ecct oocccceees ceenene 5 Botany in its relation to gardening: General botany..... Bsc geibc eee oss coca k suena 8 Botany of decorative plants........... cece recess 5 Botany of hardy woody plants......... o caceuuecarnet 38 Botan ¥:Ol TUS + c.ce:n00o00.00. cece cace sce ppetaierranen r= 2 Botany of vegetables........-...+... enideeeh these 1 Botany OF WOO soon coesccccee voce sssccccccccs sane 1 HCOMOMUIG FIMCOG OT ace eet ccc cece cs esec csectececs 7 Vegetable physiology.........ecesececces sece veces 4 31 76 a eee ee eee 30 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, COURSE OF STUDY. YEAR. TERM. STUDIES. PER WEEK. . Economic April Migriaals Entomol- Surveying. en 3 exercises ree es ey une exercise Ww y: weekly, weekly. Economic Jul Floricul- “ Book- bf ture. Se Keeping. Sept 3 i 1: BECOND. % , a 2 ~ conomic ement- = F — = Surveying eth Dec. 1 2° 1 ee Twigs of Element- Jan. Floricul- Orchard | Landscape Wood ar uo ture. Plapta. Culture. |Gardening Bots. 1 1 1 1 3 April | Vegetable Landscape ong to Gardening Gardening Botany June . 4 1 2 July Economic] Orchard |Landscape es Soe! Ahi lo Mycology.| Culture. /Gardening poe 1 Flowers. site 2 1 2 THIRD. Oct. Economic} Garden | Botany of to Mycology.| Accounts.| Fruits. Dee. 3 1 2 Botany of Jan. Economic Botany of e sre Mycology. bie a ar. 3 3 Surveying April Orchard Book- to Culuure. | Forestry: | Keeping. Denisee June . 1 1 1 3 Small July Fruit Botany of to Vegetables Sept —o ; FOURTH. or ; Oct. Special Vegetable otany o to Gardening Forestry: | physiology peony Dec 2 . 2 1 2 Jan. Special Vegetable Botany of to Gardening | F°TeStry- |physiology Ferns. Mar. 2 1 2 1 All of the above subjects capable of being taught in the laboratory, the greenhouse, or the field, are so taught, and all of the theoretical instruction is expected to be practically tested in the performance of the manual work required of students, the object being to make practical ee ee ee ee Se ee eee Se | = ph pen wae ee eee ee ie , Be EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 31 gardeners and not botanists or other scientific specialists of garden pupils. The second year’s work only is now given each year, while the work of the third and fourth years is given alternately to two combined classes. Vacations are granted from July 1 to 15, and December 21 to January 4, inclusive. By the further action of the Board of Trustees taken at its meeting of November 16th, 1894, the Director is authorized ‘to admit, in addition to those holding garden scholarships, as many suitably prepared garden pupils as can, in his judgment, be adequately taught without material in- crease in the cost of tuition, each pupil so admitted to be charged $25.00 per year tuition, and to be entitled to the same certificate as a scholarship pupil on completion of the prescribed course and examinations.” In conformity with this action the Director is prepared to consider applications from persons desirous of entering the Garden next April as pupils without any of the scholarship grants or payments, and subject to the payment of a tuition fee of twenty-five dollars at the beginning of the class year, namely on or about the first of April, each year. Such candi- dates will be examined on the grammar school studies mentioned on page 28, as required of all scholarship pupils, and will be entitled to take such examinations at a distance from St. Louis in the manner indicated on page 28, if they so desire. Pupils of this class, as well as those hold- ing scholarships, will be received only with the understanding that they expect to complete the full course of four years, and in case a pupil is obliged for any reason to leave the Garden, he will not be entitled to a refund of any part of the tuition fee for the year. Applications for scholarships, or inquiries concerning admission to the Garden as pupils, are to be addressed as below, on or before the dates mentioned on page 28. If required, blanks will be mailed to per- sons who contemplate making application for scholarships. WILLIAM TRELEASE, Director, Missouri Botanical Garden, Sr. Louis, Mo. Most of the pupils first appointed were either too far advanced in practical gardening experience, or too anxious to enter upon the duties and responsibilities of life, to make good students, so that only one of those first appointed completed the course. Four others have since received the certificate given on completion of the course of study. While the number is yet too small to permit positive con- clusions to be drawn as to the usefulness of the course, it is gratifying to note that two of the pupils have gone to 32 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. practical horticultural positions in agricultural colleges on completing their work here, while one, after a season’s study in the Arnold Arboretum, has begun a year’s further work at the Kew Gardens. In March, 1896, three pupils completed the course of study and were given certificates, namely, Clyde M. Blank- inship, Arthur T. Erwin, and Emil Mische. In conformity with an announcement issued in the preceding autumn, the three vacancies thus created were filled by the appointment of Walter Retzer, of St. Louis (who for some time had been a special student), on the nomination of the Florists’ Club of St. Louis, and the appointment of Charles W. Deusner and Cornelius Winther on the results of examina- tion. At the Horticultural Congress held in Chicago, in 1893, in connection with the Columbian Exposition, the subject of horticultural education was discussed by the Director of the Garden and other persons,* attention being called to the course of study adopted at the Garden. In 1895, at the Pittsburg meeting of the Society of American Flo- rists, a paper of somewhat comparable scope was presented by Mr. Charles Jackson Dawson,f in which the St. Louis course of study was made the basis of comparison. Quite recently, Mr. Emil Mische, one of the garden pupils, who had received a certificate, presented a paper before the Gardeners’ and Florists’ Club of Boston, in which the work done at the Garden is quite fully set forth. Besides these articles, which are directly concerned with the course as offered at the Garden, a considerable number of appre- ciative notices have appeared in both the American and foreign press, from time to time. Although it must be admitted that the instruction of a small number of pupils makes the relative cost of training * Florists’ Exchange, 1893, 748. + Proc. Soc. Amer. Florists, 1895, 41. ¢ Printed in the American Florist of Oct. 17, 1896, 244. 8g SP eo SS Pe hay ane ee ee Se I Te me ag ‘A * 2 ee ee, ee See Pe —o. EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 33 each high, there is reason to believe that this provision of Mr. Shaw’s will in time will be productive of much good, while if, as is to be hoped, the number of pupils shall be ultimately increased, the results attained by a given outlay can in all probability be considerably augmented. Under the present instructions of the Board, three special students have thus far been admitted, and of these, one, a Japanese gentleman of good elementary training, after remaining at the Garden for a year and a half, was recalled and placed in charge of an important horticultural school which has been established in his native country. The necessity of keeping the office staff down to the smallest possible limits, has thus farjprevented the appoint- ment of permanent associates for the Director, such as were contemplated in the outline policy of the Board quoted above, and it has seemed best to treat the assistants’ positions as being virtually fellowships, enabling young men of fair botanical knowledge, but little experience, to fit themselves for more responsible positions while doing the necessary routine work of the Garden. It is gratifying to note that of the four regular botanical assistants appointed before the middle of 1896, two have gone to responsible college positions and one has assumed charge of a branch of the botanical work of the United States Department of Agriculture. The position vacated by the resignation of Mr. Thompson in the summer of 1896 has been filled by the appointment of Mr. J. B. S. Norton, formerly an assistant in the botanical department of the Kansas Agricultural College. Of the three regularly appointed horticultural assistants, one died while in the service of the Garden, where he was doing very efficient work, one has been ealled to the chair of horticulture in the University of Missouri, while the third, Mr. Irish, is still at the Garden. Four annual events provided for in Henry Shaw’s will have taken place in 1896, as follows: the preaching of a sermon ‘on the wisdom and goodness of God as shown in the growth of flowers, fruits, and other products of the 3 34 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. vegetable kingdom;’’* the seventh ‘banquet to the Trustees of the Garden’’ * and their invited guests; the seventh ‘ banquet to the gardeners of the institution, and invited. florists, nursery-men, and market gardeners; ”’ * and the award of ‘‘ premiums or prizes to a flower show,”’ * held in St. Louis. The flower sermon was preached in Christ Church Cathedral, St. Louis, on the morning of May 17th, by Right Reverend Ellison Capers, of South Carolina. The Trustees’ banquet was given at the Mercantile Club, on the evening of May 1, and was presided over by Mr. Henry Hitchcock, Vice-President of the Board of Trustees, eighty-five representative gentlemen being present. Speeches appropriate to the occasion were made by Hon. ¥. W. Lehman, Prof. F. Lamson Scribner, of the United States Department of Agriculture, Mr. Alexander G. Cochran, Hon. Jas. O. Broadhead, Prof. Howard Ayers, of the University of Missouri, and Gen. George H. Shields. The seventh annual banquet to the gardeners of the institution, and invited florists, nurserymen, and market gardeners, was given at the Mercantile Club, on the even- ing of September 16. Covers were laid for about 125 guests, among whom were the members of the Association of American Cemetery Superintendents, in convention in St. Louis, the gardeners of the Botanical Garden, repre- sentative florists, market gardeners and nurserymen of St. Louis, officers and representative members of the Missouri State Horticultural Society and of similar societies of Illinois, the President-elect of the Society of American Florists, a number of representative amateur horticulturists of St. Louis and vicinity, and members of the office staff and Board of Trustees of the Garden. The Director of the Garden presided, and after the dinner appropriate speeches were made by O. C. Simonds, of Chicago, Presi- * First Report, 49. ae ge ye er Tl Ps le a ge ee ee ce et ee EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 35 dent of the Association of American Cemetery Superin- . tendents; Hon. Norman J. Colman, late Secretary of Agriculture of the United States; Adam Graham, of Cleveland, President of the Society of American Florists ; W. M. Bulkley; Hon. R. Graham Frost; H. C. Irish; and W. M. Chauvenet. The flower premiums for 1896 were awarded through the officers of a chrysanthemum show held in the Exposition Building, St. Louis, November 11 to 15, the awards in general being made for plants and flowers similar to those entered in previous years. Unfortunately, owing to the absence of suitable entries, it has again proved impossible to award the Shaw medal founded by the Board in 1893.* The Board of Trustees having become fully convinced that, because of the prejudice against leasing land for residence purposes, it would not be possible to carry out the intentions of Mr. Shaw, as expressed in the first and third paragraphs of the first clause of his will,* they brought suit to the April Term, 1896, of the Circuit Court, City of St. Louis, praying for a decree authorizing them to sell certain of the unproductive real estate; in which suit the State of Missouri, by its Attorney-General, as guardian of the public interests, and all of the heirs at law of Henry Shaw, were made defendants. On June 8, the cause came on for hearing, the Attorney-General appearing in person, and was submitted to the court upon full proofs, and on the 17th of August a final decree was handed down, by which the present Trustees and their successors in trust are authorized and empowered to sell certain specified revenue real estate, — ‘on such terms and conditions as they may from time to time deem advisable, at public or private sales, and in making such sales said trus- tees are authorized, empowered and directed in and by the deeds to be executed by them, to impose such restrictions and conditions as may be found practicable, as to the character of the improvements upon said property so sold and the purposes for which the same may be used, so * Reports v. 18; vi. 20; vii. 22. * First Report, 32. 36 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. that said property by its contiguity may be pleasant and attractive to the visitors and students of the Botanical Gardens. Said trustees are also authorized in their discretion, before making such sales, to lay out, plat, grade and improve such portions of said tracts as they may deem desirable, as residence parks or districts, with such restrictions as to building lines, cost and character of improvements to be erected by pur- chasers, and the use to which said property shall be put, as said trustees may deem desirable and appropriate, in order to realize as far as prac- ticable the said intention of said testator as to the surroundings of said Botanical Gardens. Said trustees are also authorized to lay out such streets and alleys as may be necessary to said premises, and if deemed desirable or expedient, to dedicate the same, or parts thereof, as public highways. Plaintiffs and their successors in trust are also authorized and empowered to apply the moneys now on hand, and such of the future revenues of said trust as may be available therefor, or such parts of such moneys or revenues as may be deemed by them expedient, in paying the special taxes and other improvements on said premises, and the proceeds of sale of such premises, when sold, may be applied by them to the payment of special taxes which may be imposed on said tracts, or any of them, of the improvement thereof, or to the special taxes on or to the improvement of other of said tracts not so sold. Such of the pro- ceeds of sale as may not be required for such purposes shall be invested in approved securities or in the betterment, reconstruction or restoration of the income-producing property of the trust, or in the improvement of any of the unimproved property of the trust, and only the income of such proceeds of sale so invested shall be used for the support of the trust.”’ In view of the important interests involved, the Attorney- General deemed it proper to appeal from this decree to the Supreme Court, in which the cause is now pending; and until that court shall render a final decision, the trustees have not undertaken to exercise any of the powers so con- ferred upon them. The accumulation of a reserve fund sufficient to meet the more probable temporary emergencies, and the possibility of exchanging more or less of the unimproved real estate of the Board for productive property, have made possible the con- templation of an increased expenditure for the purposes of the Garden, not only for annual maintenance, but for the permanent enlargement of the grounds and the amplifica- tion of the scope of the institution, to bring it into full conformity with the intentions of its founder. In compli- EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 37 ance with a request of the Board, in November 1895 a general plan for extension and development was submitted by the Director, and the more essential parts of this report are here quoted, as forming a comprehensive statement of the main ends to be attained.* GENERAL PLANS FOR PLANTING. In providing for the future of the Garden, three principal objects must be kept in view: beauty, instructiveness, and adaptability to re- search. So far as development of the grounds and plant houses is con- cerned, it seems to me that future extensions and changes should be conducted on essentially the following lines, decided upon definitely in advance, and adhered to as closely in detail as ever-changing conditions may permit, so that each step that is taken is a part of a definite, care- fully considered general plan, while the inevitable mistakes can be easily detected and promptly rectified without resulting harm. For florists’ forms, including general transient decorative plants, the present garden, lying along Tower Grove Avenue, and bounded by the fruticetum, the arboretum, and the Director’s residence, seems to me to be amply sufficient. This portion of the grounds, which at present con- stitutes the most attractive part of the Garden, falls far short of what it can be made to be, but its improvement, which is being carried on, is of necessity only partial. To obtain the fullest results from this tract of ground would necessitate what I have no doubt will ultimately be done,— the clearing, to a very large extent, and suitable rearranging and re- planting of the entire tract. In this area, comprising some thirteen acres, I think that it will always be possible to cultivate in adequate quantity a sufficient variety of the most attractive decorative plants, many of which are tender and must consequently be propagated anew each year. This portion of the Garden, on which the greater part of the maintenance fund is now spent each year, must always, from this fact, continue to be the expensive portion of the Garden to maintain. To sup- plement the grounds, a much extended system of greenhouses must also ultimately be provided. A beginning has been made toward this by the erection in 1894 of a house facing the Victoria pond, this house consti- tuting the central portion of a proposed range extending from the pres- ent house into palm towers at the east and west, with houses of the general construction of the present one running south from these towers. Whenever the funds of the Board and the general status of the Garden shall warrant it, it will also prove not only desirable, but necessary, to *This report in full was part of the testimony in the suit of R. J. Lackland et al. vs. R. F. Walker, Attorney-General, et al., above men- tioned. See page 203 of the printed abstract of record in said cause in the Supreme Court of Missouri. 38 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. construct a large palm house, in which larger specimens may be grown than in any of the present houses, and to this palm house will ultimately be annexed arather extensive system of houses of the same general con- struction as the house built in 1894. With these facilities, granting an adequate maintenance fund and competent gardeners, the floricultural side of the Garden will, I think, be amply provided for. For horticulture, in the general sense of vegetable and fruit gardening, the fruticetum, the renovation of which was begun in 1890 by the plant- ing of a small collection of trees, which are just coming into fruit, and continued during the past season by the removal of most of the old trees and the substitution of carefully selected young nursery stock, together with the present vegetable garden at the rear of the Director’s residence, will serve all necessary purposes, so far as the work at the Garden is concerned. Ultimately, it may prove necessary to acquire suitable orchard and garden property somewhere in the country for the perform- ance of scientific experiments, but there is no reason why land within the present bounds of the Shaw property should be reserved for this pur- pose in making plans for the future, since experimental work of this kind, should it ever be carried on on a larger scale than is possible on the space now reserved, will undoubtedly necessitate removal from the smoke and soot of the city. For this work the vegetable house and grapery constructed in 1895, in the vegetable garden, can be extended by the enlargement of the present house and the building beside it of several other similar houses, as these may be needed. For educational purposes, aside from those served by the maintenance of a large and varied collection of named plants, representing those of purely botanical interest as well as those yielding useful products or of decorative value, synoptically arranged groups must be especially planted. Up to the present time, it has been possible to do such planting only in a limited way; but whenever the revenue of the Board shall justify it, it will prove desirable to extend the garden so as to include the part which is now kept as farm and pasture, lying in general to the southwest of the present garden, and bounded roughly by the Manchester Road, Shenandoah Avenue, Alfred Avenue, Magnolia Avenue, and the limits of the present garden. This tract includes some 82.5 acres, of which about 20 acres would be cut off by a line drawn from the southern point of the arboretum to the farm house, and from that extending west- wardly to the intersection of Shenandoah and Alfred Avenues. In pro- viding for a future extension of the garden, this tract, which is geographically separable from the remainder of the farm, offers an op- portunity for securing at once a very attractive piece of landscape gar- dening and a synopsis of the flora of the United States. So far as I know, no botanical garden has ever presented a synopsis of the flora of the country in which it is situated, so arranged as to be artistically attractive; and this is perfectly possible in this 20-acre tract extending northwestward from the corner of Magnolia and Tower Grove Avenues. In this tract should be found representatives of all cultivable families of United States plants, comprising the more representative genera and a Me lhe FONGAY 1 IN, = 400 FT, AVENUE ), FURNISHING DATA FOR PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. ate: 5 i es AVENUE AVENUE MAGNOLIA SZONGAAYV AUOQVH CONTOUR MAP OF THE GARDEN AND ADJACENT GRO SHENANDOAH BOTANICAL aavagaitooag a Rit tn ee ee . H. COLBY, 1896. : a! iB EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 39 few of the more representative speoies of each which are capable of suc- cessful growth in the climate of St. Louis; but the object should be to avoid the introduction of any exotic species, as well as of too large a number of species native to this country. The remainder of the present pasture, comprising some 62 acres, should at a subsequent period be planted to represent the flora of the world, so far as this is capable of open air cultivation in our climate, also planted for the greatest possible landscape effect, but, like the smaller tract, synoptically arranged. Two principal ideas are now prevalent as to the natural affinities of plants: that exemplified in Bentham and Hooker’s “ Genera Plantarum,’’ representing in the main the views of botanists like Jussieu, the DeCan- dolles, and Asa Gray, as well as the authors of the work cited; and that exemplified in the “‘ Pflanzenfamilien,’? now in course of publication by Engler and Prantl. The former is the one most familiar to English, French and American botanists, and for this reason should be followed in the smaller plantation, devoted to the flora of the United States. The sequence of orders in the Engler and Prantl system, however, which is very different from that of Bentham and Hooker, should prevail in the planting of the general synopsis in the larger tract, inasmuch as it represents more closely than the other the phylogeny of the different groups of plants. In arranging for the planting of these two tracts, which, from the nature of the planting, should be sufficiently distinct one from the other, and yet should merge into each other as a single piece of artistic land- scape work, provision must also be made for the stables, compost grounds, and small nursery, necessary for the maintenance of a large garden, and also for certain small synoptical collections which may be called transient synopses, since they need not all be maintained at any given time, one giving place to another after a certain period of years. Such collections would represent medicinal plants, fiber plants, foliage and other eco- nomic plants, synopses of the botany of certain literary works, and of the various interrelations between plants and animals,— such, for instance, as a collection illustrating pollination of flowers, dissemination of seeds, climbing plants, carnivorous plants, the sleep of plants, etc., etc. These reservations, which must be centrally located, can be made very well in the vicinity of the present farm house, the synopses extending from this point to the southern apex of the arboretum, the two, properly screened by planting, forming a natural limitation between the synopsis of the American flora and the larger general synopsis, for which there will be left free about 60 acres. For investigation, aside from the great amount of material which will be found in the plant houses and the grounds, as outlined above, special small groups must be planted from time to time, both in the open air and under glass. For these, which will of necessity be small, ample provis- ion can always be made in the present garden, the fruticetum and vegetable garden, and the annexed greenhouses, without interference with either the object or the effect of these parts of the grounds. Ultimately, however, as the revenue of the Garden increases, and the 40 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. opportunities for research grow, I have no doubt that the occasion may arise for the provision of research adjuncts at a distance from St. Louis, just as has been suggested for horticultural research. Such adjuncts might ultimately comprise a seaside garden for the study of maritime plants; an alpine adjunct, suitably located for the cultivation and study of plants which thrive only at high elevations; an arid region adjunct, where alone can be properly grown and studied in their natural form the cacti, agaves, and other characteristic plants of our southwestern flora; and perhaps ultimately a sub-tropical or tropical extension for similar work on plants which cannot otherwise be seen at their best. All of these, though, are extensions which need not in any way affect the plant- ing and arrangement of the grounds now owned by the Board, and it may be that none of them will need detailed consideration during the lifetime of anyone now connected with the Garden, though they are all strictly within the legitimate purpose of the institution. SEQUENCE OF STEPS IN DEVELOPMENT, In realizing a general policy such as has been outlined, and the adop- tion of and adherence to which I consider very essential to the proper growth of the Garden as a unit, when the possibility of its extension may come, opinions may differ widely as to the order in which the various steps should be taken. To me, however, it seems that there is no ques- tion that the first step should be the planting at the very earliest practi- cable date of the synopsis of the United States flora, occupying a tract which is the most prominently located in the entire area to be improved; and for the last four or five years I have been cultivating this ground, in order to get it into a state of tilth suitable for planting. But before this step can be taken, it is quite essential that the general arrangement of the remainder of the grounds should be decided upon and approximately planned, so that the final result may not be scrappy. Assuming the adoption of the general apportionment of the grounds that I have indi- cated above, I have worked out detailed plans for the planting of the twenty acres which it is proposed to devote to a synopsis of the North American flora, and have also had my horticultural assistant and one of our senior garden pupils prepare independent ideas for the planting of the same piece of ground,— these plans, which differ in landscape treat- ment, being all based on the one fundamental purpose of making this tract one which will show the casual visitor as well as the careful student the types and affinities of our native flora. Should the funds of the Board warrant the annual expenditure of a few thousand dollars, the work of improving this twenty-acre tract of ground can be begun immediately, the first step being of necessity the provision of suitable drainage, which will cost approximately $1,900.00, and (if my plan in its main features should be adopted) grading to the extent of about $3,000.00. It would not be desirable to attempt more than this for the first year, unless the Board felt that it could place the neces- sary water pipes upon the grounds, the expense for which would probably Rl ats nS RS aS Re aE SRN Nahant ngs a ena Ee Nat oe Gee EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 41 be between $2,000.00 and $3,000.00. For the second year, the trees and shrubs needed for the tract could be wholly or partly planted, according to the plan, involving an expenditure of something under $5,000.00. For the third year, the herbaceous plants needed for the completion of the scheme could be planted, rock work and smaller ponds needed for the growth of certain classes of plants provided, and the general surface of the ground smoothed and seeded to blue grass. In the following year, the drives, or so much of them as the available funds would allow, could be made, so that within a period of five years, for an annual expenditure of perhaps $5,000.00, the entire ground could be improved and planted. These figures are entirely rough estimates, but I think that they represent with approximate accuracy the cost of getting the grounds in suitable condition. The annual maintenance of this tract, which in size would about equal the arboretum or the entire remainder of the present garden, including the fruticetum, vegetable garden and private grounds, has not been carefully figured out, but since it is proposed to cultivate in it only hardy plants, doing away with the necessity for the annual propa- gation of thousands of tender bedding plants, and since there will be large areas of lawn, so situated as to be capable of mowing by horse power, the cost of maintenance will fall very far below that of the present garden, probably calling for the employment of not to exceed five men, or an expenditure of somewhere from $2,000.00 to $3,000.00 per year. In the meantime, say in 1897, if money could be spared for that pur- pose, it would be desirable to extend the greenhouse built in 1894 to the eastward, by an expenditure of $3,000.00 to $4,000.00, and in the follow- ing year the old and dilapidated little plant house standing obliquely between the agave house and the house of 1894 should be removed, and the latter house extended to the westward at an expense of from $3,000.00 to $4,000.00 additional. By the time that the United States synoptical grounds were completed, and the trees and shrubs beginning to develop fairly, it would be desir- able to suitably fence it on the east, south and west limits. For the east, I should suggest continuing the stone coping with iron pickets from the herbarium building to the grounds now occupied by the lodge, from this point securing the inclosure by the same style of fencing with overhang- ing wires that has been used between the arboretum and fruticetum and along the north end of the arboretum. In about six years, this having been done, should the funds of the Board be materially increased, it would be practicable to begin the con- struction of a large palm house, for which provision has been made in * the proposed United States synoptical strip, that being the most suitable site which can be found for such a house, since it is contiguous to Tower Grove Park, and will be suitably exposed to view from both Tower Grove and Magnolia Avenues. Such a house, built on the plans which I have been roughly preparing for a number of years, will cost, when completed, not far from $75,000.00, of which perhaps $40,000.00 can be used at first, the other expenditure to be made within the succeeding years in sums of 42 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. from $10,000.00 to $20,000.00 per year. In locating the palm house, to which ultimately will be appended a system of westward extensions, careful attention has been paid to the convenience and economy of man- aging the plant houses, the sites available for such a palm house, and the effect which such a house can be made to produce in the grounds; and after very careful study of the matter I am convinced that the only other site which would naturally suggest itself, namely, in the arboretum, to the west of the parterre, is quite unsuited because of the surroundings, while the connection of this large system with the present system of houses will not in any way facilitate the work of maintenance nor render possible economy in it. These plans, which have been sketched in sufficient detail, as I believe, to meet the requirements of the Board, leave the main farm, of some sixty acres, for improvement at an indefinite date in the future, when the means of the Garden shall be very much greater than they now are; but with these improvements, which it is proposed to complete within a period of ten years, it will, I think, rank with any similar institution in attrac- tiveness. By the time the North American synopsis has become fairly attractive, however, it will be possible to effect a radical and wholesale renovation of the present tract devoted to the garden proper, a renova- tion which it is impolitic to make until another piece of attractive planting has been effected, since for a period of years after grounds have been newly planted they are unattractive, giving promise only of what they are to be. RESEARCH FACILITIES. In the plans sketched above, all of the proposed planting and exten- sion of the grounds has had reference to their usefulness for research as well as their instructiveness and beauty. But the great opportunity which Mr. Shaw’s large bequest has offered the Board is not merely to secure beautiful and instructive grounds, but to advance the knowledge of botany by the performance of original investigation, and the Garden’s success in the future will be measured largely by its attainments in this direction, since the arrangements which have been suggested above are certain to assure beautiful and instructive collections of both hardy and tender plants. Realizing this fully, I have, from the first, made a strong effort to secure all facilities for research work for which money could be spared, year by year, from the available income of the Board, and as a result of this effort the Garden possesses at present a very valuable library and herbarium; and an examination of its annual Reports will show that the small proportion of my time and that of my assistants which could be spared from necessary maintenance and executive routine has been productive of a considerable amount of such work. During the past five years, botanists from a distance have visited the Gar- den in some numbers, and have made use of its facilities for the perform- ance of similar work, and the collections have always,when possible, been made available to competent investigators who could not visit St. Louis for the purpose of using them (a courtesy which I need hardly say is ex- to 2 wa i eee EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 43 tended to the Garden staff by the principal other botanical institutions of the country). This acquisition of research facilities is, nevertheless, a thing which must continue for many years before the Garden is ade- quately equipped for the performance of such work as the Garden staff and visiting botanists should here find the opportunity for doing, and it is proposed, as rapidly as money can be spared for this purpose, to further extend both library and herbarium. The latter must also gradually be amplified by the provision of material which is too bulky, or otherwise unsuitable for incorporation in the herbarium proper, leading logically to the formation of a museum; and this research museum must, in part, also be arranged so as to become educational. Mr. Shaw, many years ago, as the Board will remember, erected a building which he called a library and museum building, in which he maintained a collection of botanical and zoological material. At the time when the Board was organized, however, this had become so badly deteriorated that it was no longer a creditable display, and with the con- sent of the Garden Committee the museum was closed to the public. The limited room available for the work of the Garden staff and the storage of necessary but unattractive museum material, such as wood sec- tions, etc., coupled with the limited sum which could be spared each year for Garden purposes, has compelled me, up to the present time, to keep the museum closed; but in the near future, the provision of an attractive educational museum must receive serious consideration, and it has been given frequent thought during the past six years. Yet it does not seem to me that it is as necessary immediately as the extension of the grounds which has been sketched above, and it is further very seriously complica- ted by the small size and entire inadaptability of the present building to the proper display of a museum collection. Still, I think that whenever the material which is now in the room can be stored accessibly for pre- servation elsewhere, a small synopsis of the entire vegetable kingdom, representing by models, drawings and specimens especially the lower groups of plants, which cannot be displayed in the grounds and green- houses, can be arranged in the present room. To provide for the extension of the library, herbarium and museum, it is obvious that much more ample buildings than those now on the grounds must ultimately be erected. These it is proposed to cluster about the building now used for the herbarium, in contiguity to that building and to Tower Grove Avenue, so that they will all be conveniently accessible, and in the apportionment of the ground for other purposes allowance has been made for this; and it has been hoped that without interfering with the other plans mentioned above, the proposed synop- tical museum could be arranged within two or three years, at a cost of perhaps $3,000.00, while in about four years the funds of the Board might permit of a fire-proofed extension of the library building, costing approxi- mately $15,000.00. With the growth of the grounds, library, herbarium and museum, it will become necessary to somewhat amplify the very simple present organization of the office staff. At present this consists of the Director, 44 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. with a horticultural assistant, a botanical assistant, an artist, an indexer in the library, and an amanuensis. As the facilities for horticultural work increase, however, it will be most desirable to make certain that the man to whom horticultural investigation is to be intrusted shall bea perma- nent employee, — a thing which cannot be counted on under the present arrangement,— and I shall shortly propose to the Board that the horti- cultural assistant be given to understand that there is a future for him in the Garden, if he proves worthy of it, and to promise him a definite annual increment in salary; but this is a matter to be considered in detail when the time for action comes. It will also be necessary to appoint a curator for the herbarium within a few years, with the same certainty of increase in salary up to an amount adequate to insure his remaining; and a librarian must also be provided. A curator for the museum, when established, will also be equally necessary, at least so soon as the museum has attained any considerable size. Such research work as has been done up to the present time, as I have stated above, has been done by the office staff, in leisure hours. With the amplification of this staff, it will be possible for each of the appointees to become a prominent worker in the line of botany with which his duties are most intimately connected, provided he make suitable use of the facilities which the Garden is acquiring for investigation; but as time goes on, it is certain that the income from the Shaw bequest will make it possible to do much more than merely to provide facilities for research and to allow men to take from their necessary routine duties a small proportion of time for the performance of investigation. Perhaps in the entire planning of the future of the Garden there is no other subject deserving of so careful thought as this, for mistakes in the plan adopted may nullify this, which [ regard as preeminently the opportunity of the St. Louis Garden. Several ways exist for securing research when facilities are present. Material which can safely be loaned can be sent from the Garden to com- petent workers, as is now done. Material which cannot be loaned with safety can be freely placed at the service of visiting botanists, as is also: now done; but I fear that the number of people who will annually visit the Garden at considerable personal expense will be comparatively small, because of the fact that nearly all investigators are men connected with university positions, often on small salary, and with no leisure excepting that of their summer vacations. To enable this class of men in any considerable number to utilize the facilities, I think that something more than merely offering them the facilities will be necessary. The greater number of successful colleges of the country have a certain amount of money which is each year expended in scholarships for undergraduate students. Possibly it may be considered desirable, in the remote future, to expend a certain proportion of the Shaw income for the endowment of scholarships in the School of Botany, just as has already been done for the gardening school maintained at the Garden; but any such ex- penditure will bring a class of men who are not prepared for research, but who come for preliminary training. In some of the wealthier col- Re ee Oe ee EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 45 leges there is also a small sum available each year for traveling fellow- ships. This money is usually expended in such a way as to enable a promising student to continue his studies in Europe, under the direction of a master in the line of study selected by him. Probably, as the funds of the Board increase, the expenditure of a very few thousand dollars annually, in small grants of two or three hundred dollars each, may make it possible for investigators with partly completed work to come to the Garden and here complete their work during their summer vacation, while the endowment of a number of research fellowships, yielding perhaps $1,000.00 per year, may make it possible for such men to come to the Garden for an entire year for similar work. These three possibilities, while they are probably located far in the future, are worthy of careful thought, so that when the possibility of action comes they may be judiciously acted upon. Any investigation promoted in this way is most desirable, and is, as I interpret them, strictly within the purposes of the founder of the Gar- den, but it must not be overlooked that while such provisions will con- tribute to the advancement of botany, they do it indirectly, so far as the Garden is concerned, by enabling others to utilize what the Garden has acquired for such work. If the Garden itself is to become known as a center of investigation, it will be absolutely necessary to provide for the performance of a considerable amount of such investigation: by the regular Garden staff, and this leads me to believe that as the institution develops it will not only be desirable but necessary to appoint, one after the other, young men of extreme promise who wish for a position which will enable them to do research work, and who, given this opportunity, will ultimately become leaders in their specialties. To secure such men, who can be appointed at a low salary, say of $1,000.00 to $1,500.00 each, it will be necessary to promise them that, if successful, their salaries will increase up to a suitable living salary, which in all probability will be dictated by the salaries usually paid by the universities of the country, since an investigator, as well as a teacher, must secure a living if he is to devote his time to investigation. I hope to live to see the income of the Garden so ample that it shall claim among its regular employees men recognized as the equal of any in the country, if not in the world, in horticulture, vegetable physiology, morphology, paleo-botany, phanero- gams, pteridophytes, bryophytes, fungi, algae and lichens.* ; Ultimately it is very possible that the money available for research work will admit of the employment in the same manner of an ento- mologist, and there is a possibility that in coming generations other branches of zoology may be represented, either directly under the Shaw * Under the heading of ‘‘ Botanical Opportunity,’’ in an address de- livered before the Botanical Society of America, in August, 1896, and printed in Science of September 18, 1896, p. 367, and the Botanical Gazette of September 1896, p. 193, I have further analyzed this question of equipment and its utilization, as concerning institutions like the Garden. 46 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. foundation or on specific endowments which may in time come to the Garden for this purpose, and with this in view I would suggest, in case the Board secure permission to sell real estate, that it reserve that por- tion of the ground immediately north of the arboretum and fruticetum, ultimately improving it and utilizing it so as to make it an adequate source of revenue, but retaining the ownership, so that a zoological gar- den, if it were ever rendered possible, might easily be provided at that point as an adjunct to the Garden. These plans, which I have gone intoin some detail, are, nevertheless, in the main, outline plans, and it is impossible to say, until the exact financial prospects for any given period of years shall be known, how rapidly they can be materialized. Concurring in my opinion that one of the most necessary early steps is the suitable extension of the grounds, the Board have intrusted to Messrs. Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot, of Brookline, Massachusetts, the preparation of a general plan for the improvement of the pastures con- tiguous to the present garden, including details for the planting of the proposed North American synopsis, and accompanied by suggestions for the future treatment of the land now under cultivation, so as ultimately to secure a harmonious and logical whole. In the main, the sugges- tions of the report here quoted have been adopted by this firm, with the single important exception that for the pro- posed palm house the second site noted in my report has been chosen as the more appropriate. While these exten- sion plans are yet too incomplete to admit of any very definite statement being made, it is hoped that the finances of the Board may render possible their early inception and uninterrupted, if gradual, accomplishment. The unfortu- nate storm losses of the past summer will also, no doubt, necessarily bring the renovation of the present flower garden into the near future. As a first step toward the extension of the Garden as an institution of research, the Board, since the preceding out- line of plans was submitted, have converted the horticul- tural appointment into one promising a sufficient increase in salary to make it possible for us to retain permanently a desirable appointee, and there is reason to hope that in ‘SINVId SQOWOVEUAH CASSVW EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 47 their proper sequence the other steps which have been recommended may be taken. Notwithstanding the limited force employed in the care of the library and herbarium and on research work, and the necessity of economy in all expenditures, the desira- bility of enabling employees of the Garden to enrich the herbarium by the results of their own collecting (which is recognized as one of the first principles of museum admin- istration), and to make ecological studies where plants grow among their natural surroundings, has found practical recognition in the action of the Board in sending Professor Hitchcock on a winter cruise to the British West Indies in 1890-91,* in enabling me to spend some weeks in Colorado, in 1891, and some months in California and the arid regions of the southwest in 1892,} in a study of the Yuccas and their pollination, and in two extended vacations which I have been permitted to spend in a study of the botany of the Azores and Madeira.§ Assistants, on several occasions, have been sent on shorter collecting excursions. The Garden has also found itself in a position to enable Mr. B. F. Bush, an active student of the flora of Missouri and the adjacent region, to visit many interesting pointsin Missouri, Arkansas, and the Indian Territory, a full set of his col- lections being donated to the herbarium, while the Garden has published several papers based on them. || THE SCHOOL OF BOTANY. Mr. W.H. Rush and Mr. O. L. Simmons have contin- ued, through the college year 1895-6 and 1896-7, to act as instructors respectively in general and cryptogamic botany. Undergraduate classes have been conducted in elementary morphology and organography (1), elementary anatomy * Reports ii. 31; iii. 14, 17; iv. 47; viii. infra. t Report iii. 159. t Report iv. 16, 181. § Reports vi. 17; viii. 51. | Reports v. 15, 139; vi. 121. 4{ The numbers in parenthesis correspond with those used in the last 48 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. and phanerogamic botany (2), vegetable histology and its technique (5 and 6), applied mycology (11), vegetable physiology (14), and bacteriological technique (15). As in the preceding year, Miss A. I. Mulford has taught special classes at the Garden and elsewhere, especially adapting them to the needs of the teachers in the public schools of the city, in which a commendable effort is being made to introduce nature study as a part of the regular school work. One candidate for the Doctor’s degree has been engaged in resident work at the Garden during the present autumn. Referring to a quinquennial report of progress published in the first Garden report,* and for subsequent details to the Director’s report in each of the annual volumes,f it may be stated here that from a department controlling the time of one man and finding room in the University pro- gramme for only three short courses, the School of Botany has developed into an adequately manned department, offering a fairly complete and carefully selected series of courses open to students generally under the elective rules of the University. In the arrangement of the electives now announced by the undergraduate department of Washington University, an effort has been made to include the smallest list of sub- jects which the School of Botany is prepared to teach, which, if followed, will lead to a reasonably good founda- tion knowledge of general botany, the expectation being that a student who has nearly or quite completed the series of electives may then devote not less than ten hours per week, through the entire Senior year, to some piece of special work,— such subjects, however, being so numer- ous and varied as not to require mention in a catalogue, catalogue of Washington University and the Sixth Garden Report, pp. 24-5, bacteriological technique having been added last year. * First Report, 84. + Garden Reports, i. 98; ii. 31; iii. 18; iv. 19; v.19; vi. 23; vii. 23. tes Da een ha ne, et Oe | lt ee ee ee i ce oe ey eee Sarre a EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 49 since no two students would be likely to select the same subject. Although the small number of students enrolled in the undergraduate department prevents and is likely to prevent the School of Botany from giving instruction to any large number of undergraduate pupils, certain of the courses are taken by a relatively large number. Indeed, for those courses which students have thus far shown a disposition to elect, the laboratories and lecture room of the School of Botany are utilized to their fullest capacity. It is a matter of regret, from a botanical point of view, that few students elect the more technical of the courses which are offered, their purpose in most instances being merely the acquisi- tion of such knowledge of botany as forms part of a gen- eral system of culture. As the number of undergraduate students in the University increases, however, it is hoped that more use will be made by them of the facilities afforded by the School of Botany and the closely affiliated Botanical Garden. As was stated in the inaugural address on the opening of the School of Botany,* the furtherance of investigation is held to be no less proper to a department than the giving of direct instruction; and the policy of furnishing to in- structors as well as pupils all procurable aids to the per- formance of such work, adopted from the start f and never deviated from, has rendered possible the completion of several pieces of work, the larger of which have been made the subjects of papers published either as ‘‘ Contributions from the Shaw School of Botany’’ or otherwise. The principal of these publications are noted elsewhere in the present volume. That no papers have been issued from the School of Botany during the past few years is due in part to the publication of my own papers in the Reports of the Garden, which now claims the greater part of my time, and in part to the increased amount of teach- * First Report, 79. + First Report, 100. 50 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. ing done at the School, since the adoption of an elective policy by the University has enabled undergraduates to make more use of the School of Botany. Of the four assistants and instructors who have been connected with the School of Botany since its organization, besides the two who are still identified with its work, one was called to a college professorship of botany, one was engaged by the United States Department of Agriculture for the performance of physiological work, ete., in its sub- tropical laboratory, and the other two, after leaving the School of Botany, acted as botanical assistants at the Gar- den, from which they have been advanced to more respon- sible positions, — the plan at the University, as at the Gar- den, having been to consider these positions as transient, enabling incumbents to improve themselves during a limited connection with the School of Botany. Very respectfully, WILLIAM TRELEASE, Director. i hs i ER Une Ce cn AA Ol Wl eam oS nee ee 3 - : . ; ?. ; " SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. THE MOSSES OF THE AZORES. BY J. CARDOT. In 1870, in Godman’s Natural History of the Azores, Mr. Mitten published a catalogue of the Muscineae observed in those islands as well as at Madeira and in the Canaries. That list contains, for the Azores, 44 mosses and 3 sphagna, gathered by Hunt, Watson and Godman. Since that time, at least to my knowledge, no new indication had been added to the stock of information we possessed about the bryo- logical flora of this group of islands. Mr. William Trelease, Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden, hay- ing intrusted to me the study of mosses gathered in the Azores by himself and by Mr. C. S. Brown, Dr. Bruno Carreiro and Sr. C. Machado, in 1894 and 1896, Ihave found in these collections 52 species, of which 30 are not men- tioned in Mr. Mitten’s Catalogue; and among these 30, eight species and three varieties are entirely new. I have re- ceived also, through my excellent friend M. F. Renauld, some species, collected in 1895 and 1896, in the crater of Graciosa and on the peak of Pico, by MM. Blanchy, Richard and Minelle, during the last scientific cruises of H.H. the Prince of Monaco’s yacht. These several contributions raise to 80 the total number of species of mosses (not counting the Sphagna) thus far observed in the Azores. They are distributed in the (91) Porro Pee ee te eee ee oe ee Te ee Trig > 52 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. following manner amongst the different islands of the group :— San Miguel, 49. Pico, 8. Sta. Maria, 36. Terceira, 6. Flores, 16. Corvo, 3. Fayal, 14. San Jorge, 1.* Graciosa, 9. The mere fact that several of the most important islands, like San Jorge, Terceira and Pico, do not, as yet, muster together more than 14 species, shows how much there is still to be done to arrive at a satisfactory knowledge of the bryological vegetation of this small cluster of islands, and I feel assured that careful investigation might easily double the number of species now known. As could easily be concluded from the geographical sit- uation of the islands, their bryological vegetation is in close relationship on the one hand with the vegetation of Madeira and the Canaries, and on the other with that of the Spanish peninsula and the shores of the Mediterranean. Out of the 80 species found in the Azores, about fifty are to be met with at Madeira and in the Canary islands, and sixty-one in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean region, and in Algeria. About forty are found also in North America. A few species show some relationship between the bryo- logical vegetation of the Azores and that of more distant regions. Thus, Fissidens asplenioides Hedw., widely dis- tributed in the tropical parts of America, exists or is, at least, represented by very similar forms in the Azores, Madeira, the Canaries, Tristan d’Acunha, New Zealand and Tasmania. A small Philonotis, gathered by Mr. Trelease at Flores, is, to my mind, not different from P. obtusata C. Miill., from Madagascar. The genus Sciaromium, which counts three species at the Azores, has nearly all its * Eight species are mentioned ina general way, as occurring in the Azores, without any more particular indication. ee ee a a ang ee ee .- oe es eee tha, meaty ee SNe ee ee OS Pe ere a THE MOSSES OF THE AZORES. 53 other representatives in New Zealand and in the temperate regions of South America. Hyophila Treleasei Card. and Lepidopilum fontanum Mitt. represent at the Azores two genera almost exclusively tropical. Among the mosses most worthy of notice, we shall men- tion in the first line some species and varieties quite endemic or which, at least, have not as yet been found elsewhere than at the Azores: Campylopus flexuosus var. fayal- ensis Card., C. setaceus Card., Hyophila Treleasei Card., Trichostomum mucronatulum Card. and T. azoricum Card., Glyphomitrium azoricum Card., Bryum pachy- loma Card., Breutelia azorica (Mitt.), Fontinalis anti- pyretica var. azorica Card., and Sciaromium Renauldi Card. Then, another series of species which are found also at Madeira and in the Canaries, but nowhere else: Ramphidium purpuratum Mitt., Campylopus azoricus Mitt., Bryum caespiticium var. atlanticum Card., Astrodon- tium canariense Schw. and A. T’releaset Card., Lepidopilum JSontanum Mitt., Sctaromium prolixum (Mitt.) and JS. spinosum (Mitt.), and Hylocomium Berthelotianum (Mont.). These species may be called truly Atlantic. Finally, we shall note still, as interesting and also Atlantic species: Glyphomitrium nigricans Mitt., common enough at the Azores, Madeira and in the Canaries, but very rare in Europe, where it has been recorded only from a few Portuguese localities; and Myurium hebridarum Sch., and Hypnum canariense (Mitt.), both of which exist in the three clusters of islands, and of which the first is also found in the Hebrides and the second in Ireland. CATALOGUE. Gymnostomum Hedw. 1. G. caucarEum Nees et Hornsch. Bryol. Germ. 1. p. 153.—San Miguel (Godman ).— Distrib. ; the five parts of the world. eet Cais eee 54 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Wersia Hedw. 2. W. virtpuLA (Linn.) Hedw. Fund. m. p. 90.— Azores (Godman). San Miguel (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1351).— Distrib. : throughout the world. RaMPuHIpDIuM Mitt. 3. R. purpuratum Mitt. apud Godman, Nat. Hist. of the Azores, p. 291.—San Miguel (Godman ).— Disirio. : Madeira. Dicranum Hedw. 4. D. Scorrranum Turn. Muse. Hib. p. 75, t. 6, f. 1.— Azores (Godman ).— Distrib.: Europe. This moss very likely does not belong to the true D. Scottianum Turn., but to D. canariense Hpe. in Bot. Zeit., 1862, p. 11. Campy opus Brid. 5. C. flexuosus (Linn.) Brid. Mant. p. 71, var. fay- alensis Card. var. nova.— Fayal (Brown, Pl. Az. no. 383). A forma typica europaea differt foliis basi latioribus, acumine bre- viore cellulisque alaribus minus inflatis, auriculas vix efformantibus. Cespites densi, 6-8 centim. alti, superne lutescentes, intus rufo-tomentosi. Sterilis.— Pl. 1.— a, entire plant, nat. size; 6, b, b, leaves 14; , basal areolation of a leaf >< 130; d, marginal areolation in the middle of a leaf 260; e, leaf point * 130; f, transverse section of a leaf > 130; g, portion of the same 260. 6. C. setaceus Card. sp. nova.— Fayal ( Brown, Pl. Az. no. 380 in part). San Miguel (Machado). Lutescenti-viridis, sericeus, inferne fuscus, tomento destitutus. Caulis erectus vel ascendens, dichotome ramosus, apice attenuatus, 3-4 centim. longus. Folia remotiuscula, madida erecto-patentia, sicca erecto-flexuosa, 4-6 millim. longa, e basi lanceolata sensim et longissime subulata et subtubulosa, setacea, solo summo apice subhyalino denticulis paucissimis, cellulis alaribus magnis, inflatis, partim fuscis, partim hya- linis, auriculas distinctas efformantibus, sequentibus rectangulis, caeteris oblongis linearibusque, obtusis, incrassatis; costa circa tertiam partem basis vel ultra et totam fere subulam occupante, dorso laevi, in sectione transversali e cellularum stratis 3 composita, quorum interno e cellulis THE MOSSES OF THE AZORES. 55 laxis magnis, quadrangulis, inanibus, caeteris e cellulis parvis, incras- satis, stereidis intermixtis formatis. Caetera ignota.— Pl. 2.—a, entire plant, nat. size; b,b, b, leaves X 14; ¢, basal areolation of a leaf < 130; d, marginal areolation in the middle of a leaf X 260; e, e, leaf point >< 130; J, portion of a transverse section of a leaf < 260. Closely allied to C. Boryanus Besch. from Reunion Island, which has exactly the same structure of the costa; but C. setaceus has the stems and branches more slender and the leaves less crowded, with a much longer and thinner subula. 7, C. azoricus Mitt. apud Godman, Nat. Hist. of the Azores, p. 292.—San Miguel (Godman ).— Distrib. : Madeira. 8. C. potyrricHoiwEs De Not. Syll. Muse. p. 222 et Epil. p. 654.—San Jorge (Brown, Pl. Az. no. 378). San Miguel (Carreiro, Pl. Az. no. 16). Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. nos. 1348, 6 and 1348, ¢c). Graciosa (Blanchy). Pico (Richard and Minelle).— Distrib. : Europe, Algeria, Canaries, Madeira, and nearly all the tropical and subtropical zone if, according to Mr. Mitten’s views, we consider this as a synonym of C. introflexus Brid. The moss from San Miguel is a very peculiar form, with long, slender innovations, suddenly clavate at apex. Several female flowers are found in the terminal bunch of the comal leaves, which are rather abruptly constricted to the point and with rather well defined and often excavate auricles. Leucopryum Hpe. 9. L. euaucum (Linn.) Sch. Coroll. p. 19.— Pico, Fayal (Brown, Pl. Az. nos. 375 and 384). — Distrib.: Europe, North America, Canaries. —.var. ALBIDUM (Brid.) Card. (Dicranum albidum Brid. Musc. Recent. 11. part 1, p. 167).— San Miguel, Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. nos. 1348 and 1348, a).— Distrib.: Europe, North America. The plant from Sta. Maria is a small form, with very narrow leaves, much resembling L.molle C. Miull., from Madagascar. 10. L. sunrperorweum (Brid.) C. Miill. in Linnaea, xviu. p. 689. (Dicranum juniperoideum Brid. Bryol. Uniy. a ee 56 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 1. p. 409).— Azores (Watson ).— Distrib.: Canaries, Madeira. This moss, of which I have been able, thanks to the generosity of M. F. Camus, to study an original specimen (Canaries, leg. Riedle, ex herb. Richard), seems to me not sufficiently distinct from the small forms of L. glaucum. The broadness of the hyaline border of the leaf, which is quoted by Bride! as distinctive for his Dicranum juniperoideum, proves to be variable in the Azorean specimens I have examined. Fisstipens Hedw. 11. F. serruxatus Brid. Mant. p. 190 et Bryol. Univ. 1. p. 704.—Sta. Maria (Godman). San Miguel (Ma- chado ).— Distrib. : Canaries, Madeira, Algeria, South Europe, England. 12. F. ASPLENIOIDES (Sw. ) Hedw. Musc. Frond. ur. p. 65, t. 28. (#. jlabellatus Hornsch, Fl. Bras. fase. 1. p. 91, t. m. f. 11?).— San Miguel (Godman). Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1383, c).— Distrib. : Canaries, Madeira, tropical America, New Zealand, Tasmania, Tristan d’Acunha. Mr. Mitten refers the Brazilian F. jlabellatus Hornsch. to F. aspleni- oides Hedw., and quotes this last as pertaining to the Azores, Madeira and the Canaries. According to a recent communication of M. Bescherelle, Swartz’s type of Dicranum asplenioides from Jamaica has the leaves nar- rowed, then broadly acuminate, and thereby differs from the South American specimens, which themselves are not identical with each other, but have generally more obtuse leaves than the type from Jamaica. The moss gathered by Mr. Trelease at Sta. Maria, in sterile state, has short stems, leaves in 10-12 pairs, obtuse, shorter and less obscurely areolate than in the South American specimens. I do not venture, however, to separate it from F. asplenioides Hedw., being at present unable to decide whether this species constitutes a polymorphous, widely distributed type, or whether there is, under this name, confusion of several distinct species. Crratopon Brid. 13. C. purpurevs (Linn.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1. p. 480.— Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1383, 6 in part). Graciosa (Blanchy ).— Distrib. : throughout the world. Ae ee a ee ee pie Le oe ote Pe, THE MOSSES OF THE AZORES. a7 Hyorwita Hpe. 14. H. Treleasei Card. sp. nova.—Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1383, a). Dioica? Dense caespitosa vel pulvinata, inferne fuscescens, superne lutescens vel lurido-viridis. Caulis erectus, 5-7 millim. longus, simplex furcatusve. Folia conferta, madida erecto-patentia, sicca contorta, lineari-lanceolata, late acuminata, costa lutescente excurrente mucronata, marginibus planis integerrimis, cellulis minutissimis, obscuris, rotun- datis, vel rotundato-quadratis, parietibus crassiusculis, sublaevibus, in- ferioribus laxis, teneris, oblongis, hyalinis. Folia perichaetialia erecta, e basi subvaginante anguste lineari-reticulata, sensim et longe acuminata, costa excurrente cuspidata, in quorum axillis paraphyses tenerrimae filiformes reperiuntur. Capsula in pedicello pallide lutescente, 5-7 millim. longo, oblonga, pallide badia, microstoma, gymnostoma, sicca plicatula, operculo longe oblique rostrato. Sporae minute verrucosae, 0 mm. .012-0 mm. .015.— Pl. 3. —a, entire plant, nat. size, in moist and dry state; b, b, b, leaves X 16; ¢, basal areolation of a leaf 130; d, point of a leaf >< 130; e, e, perichaetial leaves X 16; f, capsule in dry state < 16; g, the same in moist state x 16; h, spores X 260. Quite distinct from H. contorta (Kze.) Jaeg., from Madeira, by the form of the leaves and the total lack of peristome. TricHostomum Hedw. 15. T. mutapite Bruch mss.; De Not. Syll., p. 192.— San Miguel (Brown, Pl. Az. no. 388).— Distrio. : Europe, Algeria, Canaries, Madeira, South America, New Zealand. 16. T. rvavovrrens Bruch in Flora, 1829, part mu. p. 404, t. 2,f. 7.— San Miguel (Godman ).— Distrib.: South and West Europe, Algeria, Florida. 17. T. mucronatulum Card. sp. nova.—San Miguel (Machado ). Humile, viride, 5-7 millim. altum. Caulis erectus, simplex. Folia irregulariter conferta, madida arcuato-patula, sicca incurvato-crispatula, oblongo-lingulata, apice plano obtuso vel subobtuso costa excurrente minute et breviter mucronato, marginibus planis subundulatis, supra basin plerumque minute denticulatis, deinde integerrimis; cellulis supe- rioribus minutis, rotundatis, dense papillosis, unde valde obscuris, infe- rioribus pellucidis laevibus, elongate rectangulis, costam et margines versus majoribus, laxioribus. Caetera ignota.— Pl. 4.—a, entire plant, 58 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. nat. size, in moist and dry state; b, b, b, b, b, b, leaves K 30; c, basal areolation of a leaf < 260; d, point of the same x 260. Resembling the small forms of T. crispulum Bruch, but quite distinct by the leaves not being cucullate at apex.—I have found only some sterile stems of this little moss amongst a tuft of Hypnum cupressiforme. 18. T. azoricum Card. sp. nova.— Terceira (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1383). Monoicum vel subsynoicum, humile, pusillum. Caulis erectus, brevis (2-3 millim.), basi minute et remote, superne congeste foliosus. Folia inferiora brevia, appressa, superiora majora in rosulam congesta, madida patentia, sicca flexuosa, 2.50-3 millim. longa, lineali-lanceolata, acuta, apice saepe incurvo cucullata, marginibus plerumque inflexis, integer- rimis, costa tereti percurrente vel infra summum apicem evanida; cellulae in parte superiore obscurae, parvae, rotundatae, minutissime papillosae, inferiores laxiores, rectangulae, pellucidae. Flos masculus sub femineo situs, vel antheridia in axillis foliorum perichaetialium nascentia, paraphysibus intermixtae. Folia perichaetialia caulinis paulo majora, costa latiore applanata instructa, superne subserrulata vel erosula. Cap- sula in pedicello pallide rubello, 8-15 millim. longo, erecta, oblonga, operculo conico recte rostrato, annulo duplici. Peristomii dentes pallide purpurei, elongati, ad basin usque bifidi, cruribus longis omnino liberis vel inferne hic illic cohaerentibus et interdum uno alterove ad basin fisso, dense papillosis, filiformibus, subnodulosis.—Pl. 5.—a, entire plant, nat. size; 06, b, b, leaves < 80; c¢, basal areolation, near the costa < 260; d, basal areolation on the margin * 260; e, leaf point X 260; f, capsule < 14; g, two teeth of the peristome with portion of the annulus 130. Allied to the European 7. triumphans De Not. and T. pallidisetum H. Miull., but distinguishable at first sight by its larger leaves and red pale pedicel. DesmMaTopon Brid. 19. D. nervosus (Hook. et Tayl.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc, 18-20, Mon. p. 6, t. 38. (Tortula atrovirens (Sm. ) Lindb. De Tort., p. 236 ).— Terceira ( Trelease, Pi. Az. no. 1382).— Distrib.: Europe, Asia, Algeria, Cape, Chile, New Zealand, Tasmania. Barsuta Hedw. 20. B. marainata Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 13-15, Mon. p. 33, t. 19. ( Tortula acuminata Mitt. apud God- man, Nat. Hist. of the Azores, p. 297).— San Miguel 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. THE MOSSES OF THE AZORES. 59 (Hunt; Godman; Trelease, Pl. Az. nos. 1384, 1386 and 1387). Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1387, a).—Distrib.: Europe, chiefly in the Mediterranean region, Asia, Algeria, Madeira, North America. B. convoLtuta Hedw. Stirp. Crypt. 1. p. 86, t. 32.— San Miguel (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1885).— Distrib. : Europe, Asia, Algeria, North America. B. squarrosa Brid. Bryol. Univ. t. p. 888.—Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1393, d).— Distrib.: Europe, Asia, Algeria, Canaries (?), North America. B. Larviriua ( Brid.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fase. 18-15, Mon. p. 40, t. 25.—San Miguel (Godman ).—Dis- trib.: Europe, Algeria, Canaries, North America. Grimmia Hedw. G. putvinaTA (Linn.) Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 1728.— San Miguel (Godman ).— Distrid.: the five parts of the world. G. sp. nova? — Graciosa (Blanchy ; Brown, PI. Az. no. 380 in part). Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1393, c). This species seems to be allied to G@. trichophylla Grev., but distinct. Unfortunately, all the specimens hitherto obtained are perfectly sterile. Racomirrium Brid. 26. R. rascicuLaRE (Schrad.) Brid. Mant. p. 80.— Pico (Richard and Minelle).— Distrib.: Europe, North America. 27. R. HETEROSTICHUM (Hedw.) Brid. Mant. p. 79.— Pico (Richard and Minelle).— Déstrib.: Europe, North America. 28. R. tanuernosum (Ehrh.) Brid. Mant. p. 79.—San Miguel (Godman). Fayal (Brown, Pl. Az. no. 379, ie ee 60 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. and 380 in part). Pico (Richard and Minelle).— Distrib. : the five parts of the world. GLyPHomitTrRivum Brid. 29. G. POoLYPHYLLUM ( Dicks.) Mitt., Lindb. Musci Scand. p. 29.—San Miguel (Godman ).— Distrib.: Europe, Canaries, Madeira. 30. G. azoricum Card. sp. nova.— Corvo, Terceira, Flores, Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. nos. 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 1377 and 1377, a). Monoicum, pulvinatum, fulvescens aut luteo-viride. Caulis simplex vel e basi divisus, 5-15 millim. longus. Folia dense conferta, madida erecto-patentia, sicca cirrato-crispata, 3.25-4 millim. longa, e basi anguste oblonga plicata, longe lineali-lanceolata, acuta subacutave, carinata, marginibus planis vel reflexis apicem versus remote sinuoso- dentatis aut integris, costa tereti percurrente, cellulis inferioribus laxis, subrectangulis, fuscescentibus, suprabasalibus flavidis, linearibus, mediis quadratis vel oblongis, superioribus subrotundato-quadratis, omnibus incrassatis laevibus. Folia perichaetialia vix diversa. Pedicelli nunc solitarii, nunc geminati, pallidi, siccitate infra capsulam haud vel vix dextrorsum torti, 3-5 millim. longi. Capsula oblonga, leptoderma, laevis, pallida, ore rubro, operculo conico recte vel oblique aciculari- rostrato. Peristomii dentes pallide rubelli, apice saepe decolorati, basin versus usque in crura duo subulata filiformia papillosa soluti. Flores masculi sub femineo siti.— Pl. 6.—a, entire plant, in moist state, nat. size; b, the same, in dry state, nat. size; c,c, leaves < 14; d, d, leaf point < 30; e, basal areolation of a leaf < 130; /, areolation in the middle of a leaf, near the costa 260; g, marginal areolation of a leaf, in the upper part X 260; h, leaf point x 130; i, i, capsules and peri- chaetial leaves X 14; j, capsule X 14; k, two teeth of the peristome xX 180. May be considered as a subspecies of G. polyphyllum Mitt., from which it differs in the smaller sizes, the shorter and less aggregated pedicels, the smaller capsules and the narrower, entire or less denticu- late leaves. 31. G. niaricans (Br. Sch.) Mitt. apud Godman, Nat. Hist. of the Azores, p. 294.— San Miguel (Godman ). Graciosa (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1393).— Distrib. : Canaries, Madeira, Portugal. — var. PULVINARE (Mitt.) Card. (G. pulvinare Mitt. in THE MOSSES OF THE AZORES. 61 Journ. Linn. Soc. 1863, p. 2).— Sta. Maria (Trelease, nos. 1393, a and 1393, 6).— Distrib. : Madeira. I cannot consider @. pulvinare Mitt. as specifically distinct from G. nigricans; the longer pedicel and the generally less obscure areolation of the leaves, composed of rather larger and more distinct cells, are charac- ters of insufficient value to allow a specific distinction for this form. Puyscomitrrium Brid. 32. P. pyrirorme (Linn. ) Brid. Bryol. Univ. mu. p. 815.— Sta. Maria (Godman). — Distrib.: Europe, Algeria, Canaries, North America, New Zealand. ENTOSTHODON Schw. 33. E. Temptetoni (Sm.) Schw. Suppl. 1m. 1. fase. 1, p. 44, t. oxm1.—Sta. Maria (Godman). Fayal ( Wat- son). San Miguel (Machado). — Distrib.: Europe, Algeria, Egypt, Sinai, Canaries, Madeira, California. FuNARIA Schreb. 34. F. nyerometrica (Linn.) Sibth. Fl. Oxon. p. 288.— San Miguel (Godman). — Distrib.: throughout the world. Bryvum Dill. 35. B. AaRGENTEUM Linn. Sp. Plant. p. 1120.— San Miguel (Godman). Sta. Maria (Trelease, no. 1380, e).— Distrib.: the five parts of the world. 36. B. aupinum Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 415, var. MERIDIONALE Sch. Syn. Musc. Eur. ed. 2, p. 441.— Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1380, d).— Distrib.: Madeira, Portugal, England. This variety belongs to the group of the southern forms of B. alpinum including B. mediterraneum and gemmiparum De Not. From these it differs by its leaves being narrower, more acuminate and shortly mucron- ate by the excurrent costa; from B. alpinum, type, it is distinct in the smaller sizes, the leaves narrower, not tinged with red below, plane or 62 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. scarcely revolute on the borders and more narrowly areolate.— The B. alpinum var. angustifolium Husnot, Muscol. Gall., p. 247 (B. atlanticum Solms), seems to be the same plant. B. Notarisii Mitt. (Mielichoferia crassinervia Jur.) much resembles B. alpinum var. meridionale Sch. as to the vegetative system; but its peri- stome is far less evolute, the teeth of the exostome being narrower, less trabeculate and the endostome entirely wanting. 37. B. caespiticium Linn. Sp. Plant. p. 1121, var. atlan- ticum Card. var. nova.— Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. nos. 1380, a, 1380, 6, 1380, ¢). — Distrib. : Madeira. A forma typica differt foliis costa excurrente brevius cuspidatis, in comam densam glomeratis capsulaque minus abrupte pendula, subhor- izontalis vel inclinata, pro more angustiore. A striking form. 38. B. caprLuarE Linn. Sp. Plant. p. 1121.— San Miguel (Godman). Flores (Trelease, Pl. Az. nos. 1378 and 1380).— Distrib.: the five parts of the world. 39. B.CANARIENSE Brid. Mant. p. 118, et Bryol. Univ. 1. p. 672. — Graciosa (Brown, Pl. Az. no. 380, in part).— Disirib.: Canaries, Portugal, Corsica, France. 40. B. pachyloma Card. sp. nova.—Terceira (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1381). San Miguel (Machado). Caulis brevis, sub perichaetio innovans, 5-7 millim, altus. Folia in comam congesta, obovato-oblonga vel subspathulata, madida erecto- patentia, sicca erecto-imbricata, vix flexuosa, circa 2 millim. longa, bre- vissime acuminata, toto ambitu limbo crassissimo 3-4-stratoso, superne remote et plerumque obsolete denticulato circumducta, costa viridi basi rubescente valida, apice cum limbo confluente in cuspidem crassam obsolete denticulatam breviter excedente; cellulis ovato- et oblongo- hexagonis, inferioribus elongatis subrectangulis laxioribus, infimis, in- anibus rubescentibus. Folia perichaetialia externa lineari-oblonga, lax- ius reticulata, intima minora, lanceolata, longius acuminata, limbo angustiore. Capsula in pedicello rubente flexuoso 12-15 millim. longo, inclinata vel subhorizontalis, oblongo-subcylindrica, basi attenuata, operculo convexo apiculato. Annulus? Peristomium JB. capillaris. Divicum videtur.— Pl. 7.— a, entire plant, nat. size; b, b, b, leaves 14; ¢, leaf point X 130; d, transverse section of a leaf in the lower part 60; e, transverse section of the border of the leaf < 260; f, capsule x 14. This species is very peculiar by the strongly thickened margin of er ial ae id a SR EN Oe et oe sath in mega in pris. a 0 Oe ae a Poe THE MOSSES OF THE AZORES, 63 the leaves, which constitutes two true marginal nerves, showing the same structure and, in the upper part of the leaf, the same broadness and thickness as the median costa. In B. platyloma Schw. from Madeira, of which I have been able to study the original specimen, preserved iti the herbarium Hedwig-Schwaegrichen at the Musée Boissier, the leaves also show a very broad margin, composed of linear, yellowish, thickened cells, but disposed in a single layer, a character which alone would be sufficient to separate the two species; besides, in B. pachyloma Card., the costa is much stouter and forms a much shorter and thicker point than in B. platyloma Schw.— The margin of B. Donianum Grev., although thick- ened, cannot be compared with that of B. pachyloma, which is, at least, thrice stouter. In his contributions to the Cryptogamic Flora of the Atlantic Islands (Journ. Linn. Soc., 1863, p. 4), Mr. Mitten too briefly describes a B. obovatum Mitt. from Madeira, which seems to approach B. pachyloma by the thickness of the terete margin, but according to the description, the leaves of Mr. Mitten’s species are twice as wide as those of B. Donianum, and almost uniformly reticulate, the lower cells being neither elongated nor rectangular,— features which do not agree with B. pachyloma, which has the leaves rather smaller than those of B. Donianum and with a dis- tinct basal areolation of elongated, subrectangular cells, much larger and looser than the upper ones. ANOMOBRYUM Sch. 41. A. sunaceum (Sm.) Sch. Syn. Muse. Eur. ed. 1, p. 382.— San Miguel (Godman).— Distrib.: Europe, Algeria, Cameroon, Canaries, Madeira, Central and South America. WeBERA Hedw. 42. W. Tozeri (Grey.) Sch. Coroll. p. 67.— San Miguel (Godman ).— Distrib.; Europe, Algeria, Canaries, Madeira, North America. Mnivum Dill. 43. M. uNDULATUM (Linn.) Weis. Pl. Crypt. Fl. Gott. p. 158.— Flores (Godman). San Miguel (-Trelease, PI. Az. no. 1349).— Distrid.: Europe, Algeria, Madeira, Canaries. Puitonotis Brid. 44, P. rieipa Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1. p. 17.— San Miguel (Hunt; Watson; Machado; Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 64 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 1347). Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1347, a). Fayal (Godman ).— Distrib.: South Europe, Algeria, Canaries, Madeira. 45. P. rontana (Linn.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1. p. 18.— San Miguel ( Brown, Pl. Az. no. 393).— Distrib. ; the five parts of the world. 46. P. oprusata C. Miill. apud Ren. et Card. Musci Exot. novi vel min. cogn., fase. vir. p. 169 (Bull. de la Soc. royale de Bot. de Belg. t. xxxiv. part 2, p. 61).— Flores (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 13850).— Distrib.: Madagascar. Tenella, 1-2 centim. alta. Caulis simplex vel parce divisus. Folia parva, vix 1 millim. longa, erecto-patentia, saepe curvatula, oblongo- lanceolata, late et breviter acuminata, inferiora obtusa, superiora obtusiuscula, subacuta acutave, marginibus planis in parte superiore obtuse serratis, costa valida infra apicem evanida, dorso denticulata, rete laxo pellucido laevi. Caetera desunt.— Pl. 8.—a, entire plant, nat. size; b, b, b, b, leaves < 30; c, basal areolation of a leaf < 130; d, mar- ginal areolation, in the middle of a leaf >< 130; e, e, e, upper areolation x 130. Although it is very astonishing to find in the Azores a species hitherto known only from Madagascar, it seems impossible not to refer the moss from Flores to P. obtusata C. Mill.; it differs only in the green glaucous tint, not dirty reddish, and the less distant leaves; but as to the shape and areolation of the leaves, it agrees exactly with the moss from Madagascar. BREUTELIA Sch. 47. B. azortca (Mitt.) Card. (Bartramia azorica Mitt. apud Godman, Nat. Hist. of the Azores, p. 300).— San Miguel (Hunt, ex Watson; Machado; Trelease, P\. Az. no. 1368). Fayal (Godman). Arricuum Pal. Beauv. 48. A. unpULATUM (Linn.) Pal. Beauv. Prodr. p. 42.— Flores (Godman). San Miguel (Machado).— Dis- trib. : Europe, Asia, Algeria, Madeira, North America. ye ET Ee aa Ee es ee TS Oe ee ae eee ee eh THE MOSSES OF THE AZORES. 65 Pogonatum Pal. Beauv. 49. P. atorpes (Hedw.) Pal. Beauv. Prodr. p. 84.— Flores (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1864). San Miguel (Machado; Trelease. Pl. Az. no. 1865; Carreiro, no. 18).— Distrib.; Europe, Algeria, Canaries, Madeira. Po.ytricuum Dill. 50. P. commune Linn. Sp. Plant. 1. p. 1109.— Azores (Godman). San Miguel (Machado; Brown, PI. Az. no. 387; Trelease, Pl. Az. nos. 1857, 13858, 1359, 1360, 1361; Carreiro, no. 19). Terceira (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1363). Fayal (Brown, Pl. Az. nos. 381 and 382). Corvo (Prince of Monaco ).— Disirib.: Europe, Asia, America, Canaries, Madeira. — var. minus Weis. Pl. Crypt. Fl. Gott. p. 171.— Flores (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1353).— Distrib.: Europe, Madeira. : — var. PERIGONIALE (Mich.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fase. 21-22, Mon. p. 13, t. 17, f. 8. —San Miguel, Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. no, 13853, a; Carreiro, no. 19, a).— Distrib.: Europe, North America. — var.? —Corvo (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1356). ’ 51. P. rornmosum Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 92, t. 19, fig. 1 et a.— Flores (Trelease, Pl. Az. nos. 1354 and 1362 ).— Distrib.; Europe, Asia, Algeria, Madeira, North America. — forma BREVISETA.— San Miguel (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1355). 52. P. sunrpertnum Willd. Fl. Berol. Prodr. p. 305.— Graciosa (Blanchy ).— Distrib.: the five parts of the world. 53. P. pruirerum Schreb. Spic. Fl. Lips. p. 74.—Graciosa (Blanchy ).— Distrib.: the five parts of the world. 5 See 66 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. FontTInauis Dill. 54. F. antipyretica Linn. Sp. Plant. p. 1571.— Flores (Godman ).— Distrib. : Europe, Asia, Algeria, Madeira, North America. —var. azorica Card. var. nova.— Flores (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1367). A forma typica differt foliis dorso haud curvatis, minus acute cari- natis, nonnullis tantum plicatis, cellulis parietibus angustissimis, alaribus numerosioribus, auriculas distinctiores efformantibus. Sterilis. Habitu formis robustioribus F. Duriaei Sch. sat similis. ASTRODONTIUM Schw. 55. A. CANARIENSE Schw. Suppl. m. 1. 2, p. 128, t. CxxxIv.—San Miguel (Godman ).— Distrib.: Cana- ries, Madeira. 56. A. Treleasei, Card. sp. nova. — Terceira, Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. nos. 1352 and 1352, a). Graciosa (Brown, Pl. Az. no. 386 ).— Distrib.: I have received from M. F. Renauld, a sterile and rather stunted specimen, collected in Madeira by R. Fritze in 1880 and labeled by M. Geheeb A. canariense, but which seems to belong to A. T'releasei Card. Verisimiliter dioicum, caespitosum, sordide vel lutescenti-viride. Caulis repens, stoloniformis, ramis numerosis fasciculatis, crassis, erectis vel ascendentibus, simplicibus, siccitate rigidulis, teretibus, 1-2 centim. longis. Folia 2-2.50 millim. longa, dense conferta, madida patentia, sicca arctissime imbricata, ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, acuta, valde plicata, enervia, marginibus late reflexis ubique integerrimis, cellulis omnibus incrassatis, mediis linearibus, flexuosis, margines versus oblongis ovatisve, alaribus permultis, obscurioribus, interdum fuscescentibus recte seriatis, subrotundatis, marginalibus transverse dilatatis. Folia perichaetialia externa abrupte cuspidata, intima longe convoluta, acumi- nata, integerrima. Capsula in pedicello rubello, 8-10 millim. longo, superne dextrorsum torto, erecta inclinatave, ovato-subglobosa, badia, operculo ignoto. Peristomii externi dentes albidi, spongiosi, fragiles, intus trabeculati, papillosi, integri, linea divisurali superne valde conspicua, siccitate reflexi; interni membrana annulari albida, 16-plicata. Planta mascula ignota.— Pl. 9.—a, entire plant, nat. size; b, b, b, leaves 143 c, basal areolation of a leaf < 260; d, marginal areolation SARA Nie Set SU Sa eee Pe ; 3 ji era hiv i. THE MOSSES OF THE AZORES. 67 in the middle of a leaf < 260; e, leaf point 260; f, perichaetium >< 14; g, capsule < 14; h, portion of the mouth of the capsule X 60; i, a tooth of the exostome with a portion of the membrane of the endostome X 260. Easily known from A. canariense Schw. by the much smaller sizes, the shorter and more shortly acuminate leaves, and the more numerous, less thickened and colored alar cells, extending higher along the margins of the leaf. As far as concerns the vegetative system, A. Treleasei very much resembles Leucodon sciuroides Schw., but it is readily distinguished from that species by the shape of the perichaetial leaves and especially by the structure of the peristome, which agrees exactly with that of A. canariense. PTEROGONIUM Sw. 57. P. @Racize (Dill.) Sw. Muse. Suec. p. 26.— Graciosa (Blanchy).— Distrib.: Europe, Algeria, Canaries, Madeira, California. LEPIpoPiLuM Brid. 58. L. (TETRASTICHIUM ) FonTANUM Mitt. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1863, p. 4.— Flores (Godman).— Distrib.: Madeira. ‘Tuurpium Br. Sch. 59. T. ramariscinum (Hedw.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 49-51, Mon. p. 7, t. 2 et 3.— San Miguel (Godman ; Machado; Brown, Pl. Az. no. 395).— Distrib.: Europe, Madeira. . BRACHYTHECIUM Br. Sch. 60. B. sateprosum (Hoffm.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fase. 52-54, Mon. p. 16, t. 15 et 16.— San Miguel ( Brown, Pl. Az. no. 396). Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1369, c, in part ).— Distrib.: Europe, Asia, Algeria, Canaries, North America. Myvrium Sch. 61. M. HEBRIDARUM Sch. Syn. Muse. Eur. ed. 2, p. 808.— Azores (Hunt). Flores (Trelease, Pl. Az. nos. 1370, 1371 and 1372). Fayal (Brown, Pl. Az. no. 397 in 68 62. 63. 64. 65. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. part). Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. nos. 1372, a and 1372, 6). San Miguel (Machado).— Distrib.: Ma- deira, Canaries, Hebrides. ScLEerRopopium Br. Sch. S. ILLECEBRUM (Schw.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fase. 45-46, Mon. p. 3, t. 2.— Azores (Godman).— Dis- irib.: Europe, Algeria, Canaries, Madeira, North America. Euruyncuium Br. Sch. K. crrctnatum (Brid.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fase. 57- 61, Mon. p. 5, t. 3.— Flores (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1390).— Distrib.: South and West Europe, Algeria. KE. MERIDIONALE (Sch. )DeNot.in Piccon. Elenco Muschi Ligur. no. 32. (£. longirostre var. meridionale Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 57-61, Mon. p. 7, t. 5, fig. pn. Hyp- num striatum var. Duriaeanum Mont. apud Dur. PI. Astur. no. 139).— Azores (Godman ).— Distrib. : South Europe, Algeria, Madeira. E. praELoneum (Linn., Hedw.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 57-61, Mon. p. 8, t. 6.— Pico ( Brown, Pl. Az. no. 885). San Miguel, Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. nos. 1369 and 1369, a).— Distrib.; Europe, Asia, Algeria, North and South America. —var. ATROVIRENS (Sw.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 66. 57-61, Mon. p. 8, t. 7, fig. 1, lb, 2 et 3. (Hypnum atrovirens Sw. Disp. p. 65, non Dicks. H. Swartzii Turn. Muscol. Hib. p. 151, t. 14, f. 1).—Sta. Maria (Godman ; Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1369, b).— Distrib.: Europe, Asia, Algeria, Madeira. EK. Sroxesit (Turn. ) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fase. 57-61, Mon. p. 10, t. 8.— Sta. Maria (Godman; Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1346, b).— Distrib.: Europe, Algeria, Madeira, Canaries, North America. TN ee ee ee a THE MOSSES OF THE AZORES. 69 RuyncuHostTEeium Br. Sch. 67. R. conrertum (Dicks.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fasc. 49-51, Mon. p. 7, t. 4.— Sta. Maria (Godman ).— Distrib. : Europe, Algeria, Canaries, Madeira. 68. R. ruscirorME (Neck.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fase. 49-51, Mon. p. 11, t. 9.—San Miguel, Flores (Tre- lease, Pl. Az. nos. 1345, 1395, and 1395,a).—Distrib. ; Europe, Asia, Algeria, Canaries, North America.— — forma.— San Miguel (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1346, a.) THAMNIUM Br. Sch. 69. T. aLopecurumM ( Linn.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fase. 49- 51, Mon. p. 4, t. 1.—San Miguel (Machado; Brown, Pl, Az. nos. 389 and 390; Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1346; Carreiro, no. 17).— Distrib.: Europe, Asia, Algeria, Madeira, Canaries. PLAGIOTHECIUM Br. Sch. 70. P. syitvaticum (Linn.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fase. 48, Mon. p. 14, t. 11.— San Miguel (Machado).— Disirib.: Europe, Asia, Algeria, North America. Scraromium Mitt. 71. S. proxrxum “( Mitt.) Jaeg. et Sauerb. Adumbr. FI. Muse, ( Leskea, Sciaromium, prolixa Mitt. in Journ. Linn. Soc.1863, p. 7).— Fayal (Godman ).— Distrib. : Madeira. 72. S. (Ecurnopium) spinosum (Mitt.) Card. (Leskea, Sciaromium, spinosa Mitt. |. c.).—Azores (Hunt).— Distrib.: Madeira. 73. S. (Echinodium) Renauldi Card. sp. nova.— Pico (Brown, Pl. Az. no. 377). ‘Habitu et magnitudine S. setigero (Mitt.) simile. Folia firma, rigida, 3.25-4.25 millim. longa, plerumque subhomomalla, e basi lanceolata er ee eee Be ew Fe ee wae. eee) ea TS a 70 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. integerrima haud vel vix plicata sensim attenuata, margine incrassato, nervo valido compresso in subulam crassam laevem longe excedente, cellulis pachydermicis fere ubique (praeter basin versus et juxta costam) bistratosis, margines versus 3-4-stratosis, inferioribus breviter lineari- bus, infimis lutescentibus, alaribus paucis brevibus, superioribus minutis, rotundatis ovatisve. Caeteraignota.— Pl. 10.— a, entire plant, nat. size; b, b, b, leaves X 14; ¢, basal areolation of a leaf < 260; d, areolation in the middle of the lamina < 260; e, areolation in the upper part of the lamina > 260; f, point of the subula of a leaf 260; g, transverse section of a leaf, in the lower part X 60; h, portion of the same > 130. Differs from S. setigerum (Mitt.), from Madeira, by the leaves gradu- ually narrowed and quite entire on the margins. It is more closely allied with §. hispidum (Hook. et Wils.), a South Pacific species, with the leaves strongly plicate and the lower cells shorter. I name this fine moss in honor of my excellent friend M. F. Renauld. Hypnvum Dill. 74, H. cupresstrorME Linn. Sp. Plant. p. 1592.— Fayal (Godman). San Miguel (Machado; Brown, Pl. Az. nos. 392 and 394). Corvo (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1389). Graciosa ( Blanchy).— Distrib. : the five parts of the world. — var. RESUPINATUM (Wils.) Sch. Syn. Muse. Eur. ed. 2, p. 757. (H. resupinatum Wils. Bryol. Brit. p. 398 ).— Fayal (Brown, Pl. Az. no. 399). Flores (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1388). Graciosa (Blanchy).— Distrib. : Europe. 75. H. CANARIENSE (Mitt.) Jaeg. et Sauerb. Adumbr. FI. Muse. 11. p. 584. (Stereodon canariensis Mitt. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1863, p. 5).— San Miguel (God- man; Brown, Pl. Az. no. 391). Pico, Fayal (Brown, Pl. Az. nos. 376 and 398).— Distrid.: Canaries, Madeira, Ireland. —forma gracilis filiformis.— Flores (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1392). 76. H. purum Linn. Sp. Plant, p. 1594.— Sta. Maria (Godman; Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1394, a). Flores 77. 78. 79. 80. iaminan la a y e . \nid - rei a Sure: THE MOSSES OF THE AZORES. 71 (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1392).— Distrib.: Europe, Algeria, Madeira, Miquelon Island. H. cusprpatum Linn. Sp. Plant. p. 1595.— Sta. Maria (Godman). San Miguel (Machado; Brown, Pl. Az. no. 393 in part).— Distrib.: Europe, Asia, Algeria, North America, New Zealand. Hytocomium Br. Sch. H. squarrosum (Linn.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. v. Mon. p. 9, t. 6.— Fayal (Godman).— Distrib.: Europe, Asia, North America. H. sptenpens (Hedw.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. v. Mon. p. 5, t. 1.— San Miguel (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1391).— Distrib.: Europe, Asia, Algeria, Canaries, North America. H. BertHeiotianum (Mont.) Geheeb, in Flora, 1886, no. 22. (Hypnum Berthelotianum Mont. Hist. des Iles Canaries, p. 4, t. 1, f. 2).—San Miguel ( Hunt; Godman; Machado). Fayal (Brown, Pl. Az. no. 397). Sta. Maria (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1391, a).— Distrib. : Canaries, Madeira. Spuacnum (Dill.) Ehrh. (ACCORDING TO DR. C. WARNSTORF.) 1. S. cymprrotium Hedw. Fund. Muse. 11. p. 86 ex parte.— Fayal (Godman). San Miguel (Machado ).— Dis- trib.: Europe, Asia, North America. — var. GLAUCESCENS Warnst. in Bot. Gazette, xv. p. 251 (ut var. laeve f. glaucescens ).— Terceira (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1333). — var. PALLESCENS Warnst. Eur. Torfm. no. 9 (ut var. daeve f. pallescens ).— Flores (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1332). 72 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. — var. FUSCESCENS Warnst. Die Europ. Torfm. p. 135 (ut S. cymbifolium var. 1 vulgare ¢ fuscescens ).—Ter- ceira, San Miguel (Leg....? Comm. Daveau; herb. Cardot ). — var. compactum Schlieph. et Warnst. apud Warnst. in Flora, 1884.— Terceira (Leg....? Comm. Daveau; herb. Cardot). 2. S. CENTRALE Arn. et Jens. in Bihang til K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl. Band xxi. Afd. m. no. 10. (8. inéermedium Russ. Zur Kenntniss etc. p. 108, non Hoffm. ).— Corvo, San Miguel (Trelease, Pl. Az. nos. 1331 and 1335).— Distrib. : Europe, Caucasus, North America. 3. 8. rigipum Sch. Hist. Nat. des Sph. p. 72, pl. xvm1.— San Miguel (Godman).— Distrib.: Europe, Siberia, Madeira, North America. 4. S. squarrosum Pers. apud Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800, p- 398.— Azores (Teste Warnstorf, in Hedwigia, 1890, p. 181).— Distrib.; Europe, Siberia, North America. 5. S. acurironium (Ehrh.) Russ. et Warnst. in Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenb. xxx. p. 112.— Fayal (Godman). Terceira (Trelease, Pl. Az. no. 1336).— Distrib. ; Europe, Asia, North and South America. 6. S. supnirens Russ. et Warnst. in Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenb. xxx. p. 115.— Flores, San Miguel (Tre- lease, Pl. Az. nos, 13841 and 1344; Machado).— Dis- wib.: Europe, Asia, North America. 7. S. Gopmanm Warnst. in Hedwigia, 1890, p. 189, pl. Iv. f. la, 1b, pl. vir. f. 19.— Azores (Godman; herb. Mitten). This is perhaps Mr. Mitten’s S. acutifolium from Fayal, in God- man’s Nat. Hist. of the Azores, p. 316. 8. S. nitidulum Warnst. in litt. ad Card. 1896; sp. nova.— Terceira, in thermal sulphurous springs (Leg....? Comm. Daveau; herb. Cardot. Ee ee ee, ene ee eS as Se ee ee THE MOSSES OF MADEIRA. 73 ON SOME MOSSES COLLECTED IN MADEIRA BY WILLIAM TRELEASE, IN JUNE, 1896. BY J. CARDOT. 1, WrISIA viIRIDULA (Linn.) Hedw. Fund. u. p, 90.— The Mount (Trelease, no. 3000). 2. DicRANUM CANARIENSE Hpe. in Bot. Zeit. 1862, p. 11.— Caldeirao do Inferno (Trelease, no. 3001). This moss has been mistaken for D. Scottianum Turn., from which it differs chiefly by the distinctly serrate leaves. The true D. Scottianum seems not to be found either at Madeira, or in the Canaries. (Cf. Geheeb, Bryologische Fragmente, in Flora, 1886, no. 22). 3. TRICHOSTOMUM CIRRHIFOLIUM ( Mitt.) Card. (Tortula cirrhifolia Mitt. apud Godman, Nat. Hist. of the Azores, p. 296).— Boa Ventura (Trelease, no. 3002). Ribeira da Vigaria (Trelease, no, 3114 in part). 4, AmpHoripium curvipes (C. Mill.) Jaeg. Adumbr. FI. Muse. p. 3886. (Zygodon curvipes C. Mill. Syn. 1. p. 681).— Ribeiro Frio (Trelease, no. 3003). 5. Hepwiera cruiata ( Dicks.) Ehrh. Hannoy. Mag. 1781, p. 109.— Torrinhas (Trelease, no. 3004). 6. GLYPHOMITRIUM POLYPHYLLUM ( Dicks.) Mitt., Lindb. Musci Scand., p. 29. (Ptychomitrium procerum Sch. ).— Ribeiro Frio, Caldeirao do Inferno (Trelease, nos. 3005, 3006). Ptychomitrium procerum Sch. is, to my mind, a mere robust form of G. polyphyllum. 7. GLYPHOMITRIUM NieRIcANS (Br. Sch.) Mitt. var. puLvi- NARE (Mitt.) Card. (G. pulvinare Mitt. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1863, p. 2).— Ribeiro Frio (Trelease, no. 3007). a 74 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 8. Puitonotis ricipa Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1. p. 17.— Sta. Cruz, Caldeirao do Inferno, pens (Trelease, nos. _ 3008, 3009, 3010). 9. Pumonoris marcHICcA ( Willd.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1. p. 23, forma.— Ribeira da Vigaria (Trelease, no. 3011). 10. Brrum puLatytoma Schw. Suppl. 1. um. p. 116, t. Lxxvi.— Caldeirao do Inferno, Ribeira da Vigaria, Mount (Trelease, nos. 3012, 3013, 3014). 11. Bryum serrulatum Card. sp. nova.— Funchal (Tre- lease, no. 8015). Dioicum, nitidum, lutescens. Caulis brevissimus, simplex vel sub perichaetio innovans, vix 3-4 millim. altus. Folia in comam densam congesta, madida rosulatim patentia, sicca appressa, superiora oblongo- lanceolata, breviter acuminata, costa excurrente mucronata, 1.50-2 millim. longa, inferiora minora, angustiora, longius acuminata, omnia marginibus e basi usque ad apicem versus anguste revolutis, superne minute sed dis- tincte serrulata, costa basi dilatata, breviter excurrente ; cellulis oblongo- hexagonis, inferioribus rectangulis. Folia perichaetialia externa comalibus subsimilia sed integra vel subintegra, intima multo minora, longius acuminata, marginibus planis integris. Capsula in pedicello rubello, circa 15 millim. longo, inclinata vel subhorizontalis, obovato- oblonga, basi attenuata, fusca, operculo convexo apiculato. Planta mascula ignota. — Pl. 11.—a, entire plant, nat. size; b, b, b, b, b, leaves X 14; c, basal areolation of a leaf x 130; d, leaf point < 130; e, capsule X 14. Allied to B. canariense Brid., but easily known from that species by the very short stems, the more abruptly constricted and shorter acumi- nate leaves, glomerate to an apical bunch, the thinner costa and the suberect or inclined capsule. 12. Bryum carspiticrum Linn. var. aTLanTicum Card. in Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. vir. p. 62. Sao Jorge (Trelease, no. 3016). . 13. Mnium — sp. nova? Ribeiro Frio (Trelease, no. 3017). Very likely a new species, but unfortunately in a single fragment. 14. Pogonatum stores (Hedw.) Pal. Beauv. Prodr. p. 84.— Mount (Trelease, no. 3018). 15. 16. id, 18. 19. THE MOSSES OF MADEIRA. 75 PoLyTRICHUM COMMUNE Linn. var. MINUS Weis. Pl. Crypt. Fl. Gott. p. 171. —Caldeirao do Inferno (Tre- lease, no. 3019). | ie PoLyTRICHUM PILIFERUM Schreb. Spic. Flor. Lips. p. 74.— Ribeiro Frio (Trelease, no. 3020). THAMNIUM ALOPECURUM (Linn.) Br. Sch. Bryol. Eur. fase. 49-51, Mon. p. 4, t. 1.— Ribeiro Frio (Trelease, no. 3021.) Scraromium prouixum (Mitt.) Jaeg. et Sauerb. Adumbr. Fl. Muse.—Torrinhas, Ribeiro Frio, Ribeira Brava (Trelease, nos. 3022, 3023). — Hypnum purum Linn. Sp. Plant. p. 1594.— Boa Ventura, Caldeirfio do Inferno (Trelease, nos. 3024, 3025). a Stenay, Feb. 1897. PLATE 1. REPT. Mo. Bor. GARD., VOL. 8. we CAMPYLOPUS FLEXUOSUS, VAR. FAYALENSIS. REPT. Mo. Bot. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 2, af Cie gore hack acl CAMPYLOPUS SETACEUS. REPT. MO. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 38. HYOPHILA TRELEASEI. J Cardo¥ at nor det TRICHOSTOMUM MUCRONATULUM. REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL, 8&. PLATE 5, TRICHOSTOMUM AZORICUM. REPT. MoO. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 6. GLYPHOMITRIUM AZORICUM. REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 7. acon hotmelt cil Ys Ui YAN A } \ BANG ANG Daw IAS ANS KAVA RN SW YCERY ANAS | \ Re iN s Cae at BRYUM PACHYLOMA. REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8 PLATE 8. I Cndot “ad wot. deb. PHILONOTIS OBTUSATA. PLATE 9. REPT. MoO. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. Je Curdet—ad motel * ASTRODONTIUM TRELEASEI. a, eee ts a Rept. Mo. Bot. Garp., VOL. 8. PLATE 10. J Grdetod nat SCIAROMIUM RENAULDI. PLATE 11. Rept. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. J. Condolad nob. del. BRYUM SERRULATUM. Phot BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES, BY WILLIAM TRELEASE. A three months’ leave of absence in the summer of 1894 and a shorter one in the summer of 1896 were utilized in collecting and preparing specimens representing as fully as possible the endemic and naturalized flora of the Atlantic group of islands known as the Azores or Agores. Situated in mid-ocean, about on the 38th parallel of north latitude, some 700 miles from Portugal, 1,150 from Great Britain, and 1,700 from Newfoundland, and bathed by a branch of the warm Gulf stream, the Azores present at once favorable climatic conditions for the support of a varied vegetation, and remoteness from the continents, promising peculiar and highly differentiated species. Though treated as one archipelago, the nine Azorean islands moreover really form three groups, the central of which (consisting of Fayal, Pico, San Jorge, Graciosa, and Terceira) lies nearly a degree to the south and about 125 miles to the east of the westernmost group (consisting of Corvo and Flores), and nearly a degree to the north and about 90 miles to the west of the easternmost group (con- sisting of San Miguel and Sta. Maria). Offsetting the isolation of the Azores and their three sub- groups, however, is the fact that frequent ships plying between Portuguese or Mediterranean ports and the United States, and occasional European vessels en route to or from South America, the West Indies, etc., touch at some one of them, while the larger islands are regularly visited twice a month and the smaller ones once a month by packet boats from Lisbon, one of which also touches at Madeira. Between the islands of each group, also, there is very fre- quent communication by small sailing boats, which sometimes make the passage between the central and eastern groups, (77) Toe itd tele 78 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. though it is rare for them to cross the greater expanse of water separating the central from the western islands. The Azores are volcanic cones forming ‘‘ the highest points of a great plateau-like elevation which extends for upwards of a thousand miles from west to east, and ap- pears to be continuous with a belt of shallow water stretch- ing to Iceland in the north, and connected probably with the ‘ Dolphin Rise’ to the southward — a plateau which in fact divides the North Atlantic longitudinally into two great valleys, an eastern and a western.’’* Aside from comparatively recent swamp diatomaceous accumulations which Captain F. A. Chaves informs me he has discovered in San Miguel, a certain amount of lignite in the same island, and tufa casts of existing species of higher plants, one island only, Sta. Maria, presents fossiliferous beds. These have been referred to Tertiary time. This island alone is devoid of comparatively recent volcanic cones. The islands, therefore, are of late geological formation, so far as their present surface is concerned. Notwithstanding the comparatively shallow water that, as the Challenger researches show, separates them from one another and extends out on the tableland of the mid-Atlantic, they all drop very abruptly from the shore line to a considerable depth, so that there seems to be no reason for supposing that they have been connected together or joined to the mainland within recent time.T At sea level, frost is unknown in the Azores, though it is frequently experienced on the higher grounds, where occasional snow or sleet falls. The summer temperature is not very different from that of our Atlantic seaboard in about the same latitude. While the sun commonly rises clear, the higher mountains are usually enshrouded in cloud during the course of the day, and even in the summer season mist and rain are observable almost daily in the higher regions, and are not infrequent at sea-level. -* Thompson, The Aflantic, a preliminary account of the general re- sults of the exploring voyage of H. M. 8. “‘ Challenger.’’ 2: 23. + On the geology of the Azores, see, especially, Hartung, Die Azoren. Leipzig. 1860. METEOROLOGY OF PONTA DELGADA, AZORES. Maximum Minimum Relative Number of Amount Month. Tempera- Tempera- Rainy of ture. ture. Humidity. Days. Rainfall. Sil Seteienes 63.5 Fahr.| 48.5 Fahbr. 75-86 % 10 3.69 in. BOD sccccsece 63. 49.5 80-88 17 5.94 Mar... 5s. 65. 46.5 75-83 t 0.47 APP... soc) 20. 52. 68-72 1 0.11 May ........ 71.5 53.5 73-81 10 8.98 JUNE s 26s pos]: CGe 54, 73-82 8 3.62 JUly. .-ceees 78. 61.5, 73-78 4 0.79 AUG... »2-+| 80.5 62.5 67-70 3 0.29 Sept .... ...| 79. 62. 73-80 4 0.54 OBb se cess e's « 78.5 54. 67-73 13 2.55 WOV oc css ee 69.5 47.5 76-78 14 4.15 PROG 6. css esigs 66. 61. 72-83 12 2.01 80.5 46.5 67-88 100 28.14 Average 62.6 Average 76 METEOROLOGY OF ST. LOUIS, MO. Maximum Minimum Relative Number of Amonnt Month. Tempera- | Tempera- Rainy Days. of ture. ture. Humidity. |.0lin.ormore} Rainfall. BE RRR APs 62 Fahr. 5 Fahr. 71-81% 7 1.43 in. 2 RE Se aed 4 5 66-78 6 2.81 Man. <0 Pa ata | 19 66-78 12 2.03 ADE a vesicncet OO 30 52-73 8 2.43 May...- ..-- 91 56 65-80 15 9.12 Sa 2 Bapgna iia 91 56 64-82 15 4.57 JULY 260 woes 98 58 67-80 13 4.67 Aug........ 100 60 61-78 if 2.12 BODt.. + os00s 95 45 71-83 12 2.42 A eee nicte 80 86 57-80 8 1.20 WUOMW 5 sic. = 78 13 70-78 13 3.70 GO cnc sens 68 ie 64-77 4 1.05 100 5 52-83 120 87.55 Average 58.3 Aver. 71.9 METEOROLOGY OF LOGAN, UTAH. Maximum Minimum Relative Number of Amount Month. Tempera- Tempera- Rainy °o ture. ture. Humidity. Days. Rainfall. Jan.......-| 60.°Fahr.| —1.° Fahr. 4 1.81 in Besse vee 0:l 08, 8. 2 35 MARicacens. | 86. 3. 7 1.73 APPecceseees 70. 1S; 80-85 % 9 2.11 May eeeer sees 80. 24, 43-87 15 B27 JUNG. .teas ce 90. 39. 25-65 4 46 July.seeeeee| 97. 51. 29-77 9 1.40 Aug .---s0.. 92, 49, 384-85 3 1.49 Sept.......-. 88. 35. 34-72 5 91 Octs na. ee 81. 30. 27-79 1 .68 NO¥ «scenes 65. —ll1. 9 1.97 WCCce vc v0.08 44, 13 4 57 97. —ll. 25-87 72 16.15 Average 47.1 Average 55 80 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. From the monthly Résumé of the San Miguel Meteoro- logical Observatory, under the direction of Captain F. A. Chaves, the 47th Bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station of Utah, and data obligingly furnished by Dr. H. C. Frankenfield of the St. Louis Weather Bureau, the accompanying tables for 1896 have been compiled, to show some of the more obvious differences between an insular and two classes of continental climate, at approximately the same distance from the equator. The mild moist climate, favorable for the growth of a great variety of plants of subtropical origin, and the easily disintegrated volcanic debris, for the most part abundantly watered by brooks and seepage from the moors above, are offset by the prevalence of strong gales at certain seasons, and the liability to cyclones in late summer and early autumn. These winds, fresh from the ocean, often do much damage, yet the Azores, on the whole, offer great possibilities for the cultivation of plants which in the United States can be grown only in California and the most favored parts of the Gulf States. The standard agricultural crops are wheat, Indian corn, sweet potatoes, potatoes, and the common vegetables of our own gardens. Lupins are largely grown as a soiling crop, a practice, like many others, traceable back to the Romans. In season, the markets offer strawberries, apricots, melons, and other fruits of temperate climates, in abundance and of good quality, though pears and apples do not impress one usually as being equal to those grown in England or the United States. Grapes of the vinifera type, which were at one time largely grown, have been almost exterminated by the Oidium and Phylloxera, and few if any efforts have been made to replant the vineyards with the best varieties grafted on American roots, as has been done in France. On the contrary, the superior vinifera grapes have been replaced largely by inferior derivatives of the labrusca stock. As a result, the Azorean wines, which at one time were considered almost, if not quite, BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 81 equal to those of Madeira, are now nearly all of extremely inferior quality. In their season, the loquat ( Hriobotrya ) and orange are met with in abundance, and of the best quality, though the famous St. Michael’s oranges, like the grapes, have proved so subject to disease that they are now comparatively little grown. Bananas of the sapientum type (called silver bananas), and more commonly those of the Cavendishi type, are successfully grown, and though the fruit is of small size, it is generally sweet and of good flavor. Figs of several varieties mature perfectly. Of late years, the former orange industry of San Miguel has been replaced to a certain extent by the cultivation of pineapples, which are of unusually good quality, and find a ready market in England at ahigh price. Unlike the fruits heretofore mentioned, these do not thrive in the open air, but require the shelter of glass houses of the general con- struction of our American commercial plant-houses, but without artificial heat. The number of decorative plants cultivated out of doors, or capable of open-air cultivation, in the Azores, is ex- tremely large. The islanders, as a rule, are fond of flowers, and even in the cities nearly every bit of ground about the houses, not needed for other purposes, is planted with the common flowers of temperate regions, while now and then such trees as Magnolia grandiflora are seen, vegetating luxuriantly and flowering freely. Several of the cities have small public gardens, of which that at Angra, the capital of Terceira, is the most successful. In nearly all of the towns, the more prosperous citizens have ampli- fied the small dooryard flower bed into a garden or quinta of some pretensions, in which one is sure to see growing many of the plants met with in Californian gardens. The surroundings of many suburban places are lavishly embel- lished in this manner. In the most prosperous island, San Miguel, indeed, are several gardens as extensive as those of less restricted countries, and with as varied vegetation as 6 82 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. the gardens of the Riviera. The most noted of these are the Borges garden and the garden of Sr. José do Canto, in Ponta Delgada, and the large park maintained by the last named gentleman at the lake near the Furnas, or hot baths. In these gardens are to be seen well-grown trees and shrubs from temperate America and Europe, Mexican oaks and agaves, Australian Eucalyptus trees, Indian spe- cies of Ficus, myrtles and Proteas from the Cape, giant bamboos, and numerous South American plants.* So large a variety of plants capable of living through the winter being cultivated, it is not surprising that the quintas and adjacent waysides should be more or less stocked with escaped species, some of which, like the Madeira Vine ( Boussingaultia baselloides), Passion Flower (Passiflora coerulea), and Climbing Fuchsia (Fuchsia ma- crostemma), scarcely do more than take complete posses- sion of walls over some part of which they were probably at first planted; others, like several species of Mesembri- anthemum on the bluffs below the fort at Angra and along the sides of tlie drive to the Furnas, and a species of Protea shown me on his country estate by Sr. do Canto, merely spread in the vicinity of the original spot where they were cultivated; while others, like Hedychium Gard- nerianum, Hrigeron mucronatus, perhaps Trachelium coeruleum,t etc., having established themselves, are gradually extending their territory. Owing to the close utilization of the land, trees and shrubs, which are much needed for the firewood that they furnish, have been planted to such an extent in all available nooks and corners, whence they spread to a greater or less extent, that to-day, with few exceptions, it is almost impossible, on encounter- * An interesting article on “ the gardens and orange-grounds of St. Michael’s in the Azores — its climate and peculiarities ’’ was pub- lished by P. Wallace, in 1852. + Of this species I was shown in Flores a cultivated specimen said to have been transplanted from the high interior of the island; but all wild specimens seen by me were in situations suggesting introduction. ee ee ee oe ee ee ee a eee eres eee ey * ee ee LS ee Le ee ge ee . ¥ a Pm che BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 83 ing a woody plant in the agricultural zone, to say whether it is spontaneous or introduced. More evidently than is the case with the Canary Islands,* the endemic flora of the Azores appears to be undergoing a gradual reduction, partly because of the utilization of all available land for agricultural purposes. In some of the islands, even the high-lying pasture lands are being re- stocked with forage plants from the European and Ameri- can continents, in the belief that they are more valuable than those native to the islands; but, as a rule, such changes as are taking place above the zone of cultivation are fought out on the lines of the survival of the fittest. Near the sea level, however, where every square foot of tillable ground is utilized for the cultivation of food crops, the greater number of species met with are cosmopolitan weeds,f evidently of comparatively recent introduction, which here, as elsewhere, exist and spread because of their ability to live in crannies or by the roadside, and to flower and seed precociously and abundantly. Next the sea, and on the omnipresent stone walls and in the most recent vol- canic debris, species found elsewhere in similar situations are thoroughly at home, scarcely being interfered with by cultivated plants or the usual field and roadside weeds; but it is observable that the plants of this description that are peculiar to the islands for the most part are of very re- stricted distribution, localities such as they affect being in large part occupied by plants common to other parts of the world, almost compelling the inference that even here the native species are being crowded aside, and in time will give place to the invaders. A little over one hundred years ago the first printed account of the botany of the Azores seems to have been published by Forster, and at about the same time, from the * Morris, The plants and gardens of the Canary Isles. Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 19: 65. + Ona similar condition in Madeira, see Yate Johnson’s Madeira, 3d ed. 225. 84 MISSOURL BOTANICAL GARDEN. collections of Masson, Aiton described a number of Azorean species. Our present knowledge of the subject comes largely from the work of Guthnick, the two Hochstetters and Seubert, H. C. Watson, Drouet, Godman, and the naturalists of the Challenger Expedition. In the contribu- tions published by these men are to be found sufficient references to minor papers.* Just as Seubert’s Flora Azorica will always form a necessary starting point for students of the flora of these islands, Watson’s account of the flora in Godman’s Azores marks a point at which most of the critical difficulties were pointed out and the list of Azorean plants brought to a fair degree of accuracy by the elimination of double entries and synonyms. As Mr. Watson has shown (1. ¢., page 262), it is not probable that future collectors will add any considerable number of species to the phanerogams and pteridophytes of the Azores, though a few which have escaped detection thus far because of seasonal or geographical restriction, occa- sional new introductions, and species heretofore mistaken for others or forming part of ultimately divisible aggre- gates, willslightly augment the list from time to time. Even with the bryophytes, which M. Cardot believes can easily be doubled, the absolute increase in species is not likely to be at all considerable. With thallophytes, however, the case is quite different. Though perhaps relatively few addi- tions to the lichens will be made, the fungi are practically unstudied, and in moist wooded regions many species should be found; and the marine algal flora, though unquestionably small, may doubtless be increased considerably by collec- tions prosecuted through the entire year, while there is reason to expect a very large number of diatoms and des- mids, as well as many representatives of other groups of fresh-water algae, whenever careful collections shall have * Such of their works as are referred to in the catalogue of plants, appear in a list appended to the catalogue. BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 85 been made, especially from the wet sphagnum with which the highlands are usually covered except in Sta. Maria. Nearly complete as the list of flowering plants and ferns is believed to be, a true flora of the Azores, even for these higher plants, is yet far from possible. For comparison with other regions, a list like Mr. Watson’s, or the one here published, is reasonably satisfactory, but for the islands themselves a detailed local flora, with an analysis of the influences which favor the extended distribution of one species while restricting another to a very limited area, is greatly to be desired. Notwithstanding that the present catalogue makes only a small addition to the known number of species in the higher groups, it is believed that its pub- lication is justified by the exact indication that it gives of the known distribution of the several species by islands; never- theless my data are too few for the presentation of anything like a full list of localities in the several islands, so that no attempt has been made to do this. To facilitate the studies of future collectors, references have been added to reasonably good and easily accessible descrip- tions and figures of the species of higher plants, a few readily procurable hand-books being cited for this pur- pose, when possible, rather than scattered even if more critical and detailed memoirs and monographs. The abbreviations used in these references are explained at the end. In the preparation of the catalogue, in addition to using my own collections (some 1930 numbers), I have had the privilege of examining of a collection some 435 numbers made in 1894 by Mr. C. S. Brown, chiefly in Fayal, Pico, and San Miguel; the herbarium of the Municipal Museum of Ponta Delgada, San Miguel; and numerous collections made in the latter island by Dr. Bruno T. Car- reiro and Dr. C. Machado. While in Terceira, I was allowed to examine and take duplicates from the private herbarium of Dr. J. A. N. Sampaio, and while unfortu- nately I did not preserve a list of his Terceira species, the a ee ee NSE a ee ene ee ee ea oe Pee ee ee 86 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. duplicates have enabled me to add this island for a consid- erable number of species.* In the catalogue, each specimen that I have examined is noted by my own number or by italicizing the name of the collector, or, in the very few cases in which only a field note was made, by italicizing the name of the island cited. Where neither of these indications of personal observation, nor any specific credit, is given, the localities have been derived from Mr. Watson’s treatise in Godman’s Azores. As a matter of convenience, except where [ have thought differently as to specific limitations, the names of the Index Kewensis ¢ have been adopted for the catalogue. Peculi- arly Azorean species are indicated by the use of heavy- faced type. What may be called Atlantic species are indicated by small capitals. Established escapes and the like are entered in lower case type; and doubtful or casual plants are entered in small type. It is observable that a large percentage of the species re- ferred to on Mr. Watson’s authority only, have not been detected since the days of his own collecting and that of Mr. Hunt, a half century ago. Whether these plants not recently collected, but the record of which in most cases is scarcely to be questioned, have become extinct or more local, or, as is probable in some cases, have escaped recent observation because they have not been sought at the right season, must be determined by further studies. At the end of Mr. Watson’s paper (p. 278) is a table showing in part the occurrence of Azorean plants in other floras with which that of the Azores may be compared reasonably. After the thallophytes shall have been more fully studied, the preparation of another and fuller geo- * I cannot sufficiently express my gratitude to the gentlemen here named, for their numerous kindnesses, nor to Professor J. Henriques, of the University of Coimbra, through whom I made the acquaint- ance of those resident in the Azores. + Jackson, Index Kewensis plantarum phanerogamarum. Oxford. 1893-5. SS BY Sh eee SEO ae oh eeA, Se | os en ES a She yn. ea alee eet al ga BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 87 graphical table will be desirable. It is rather surprising to note that the present list has very little in common with Dr. Roth’s list of plants which follow the Atlantic Ocean on the west coast of Europe.* No difficulty is found in seeing how most of the existing species may have been indroduced by ordinary means, largely through human agency, since the discovery of the islands, for they are so precisely comparable with similarly named species from other parts of the world as to suggest the lapse of a very short time, as time is measured by the evolutionist, since their separation from the parent stock. Some of the species at one time thought to be peculiar to the islands, —e. g., Solidago sempervirens, —are now known not to be, so that they naturally fall in with those just mentioned; and notwithstanding the study that has been given to them by a number of careful botanists, others, perhaps, may share the same fate. Only the few species marked by the use of heavy-faced type, therefore, remain as peculiarly Azorean. So far as may be judged from their distribution and affinities, the ancestors of these seem to have been introduced by drift, migratory birds, etc., so long ago as to have allowed descendants in the original habitat and the new home to depart enough from the original type to become clearly separable as species. While some of these peculiar species are limited to one and others to another island or sub-group of islands, the truly native flora, which evidently has always been scanty, has clearly suffered so greatly through the inroads of man and domesticated animals, since the settlement of the Azores, that it is no longer possible to say whether or not these local limitations have always existed. Though it might, perhaps, be expected, no dif- ferentiation has yet been shown comparable with that seen in the plants of different islands of the Galapagos group in * E. Roth, Ueber die Pflanzen, welche den Atlantischen Ocean auf der Westkiiste Europas begleiten. Abhandl. bot. Verein Prov. Branden- burg. 25: 132. 88 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. the Pacific,* where specific or varietal differentiation is strongly marked, but where communication between the several islands is far more restricted than in the Azores. For the purpose of showing at a glance the part played by each species of the higher plants, those which compose the bulk of the flora are marked with a large *, and those which are either rather rare or local are marked with a small *. Weeds are marked by af. One of the most interesting parts of the study of a limited and isolated flora is its ecology. In this respect the flora of the Azores is particularly disappointing, primarily because of the small number of truly endemic species, and secondarily because, notwithstanding their remoteness from the continents, the islands have for so long a time been stopping points for vessels plying between America and Europe that the probability of the introduc- tion of plant-visiting insects capable of pollinating little- — specialized flowers is almost as great as that of the plants themselves. Comparatively few insects which take part in the pollina- tion of flowers are known to occur in the Azores, and though there are some Syrphidae, and probably a few bees, in addition to what have been indicated, the number of species and of individuals is unquestionably small. How- ever, observation in bright weather shows that the Apidae and the few flower-frequenting Lepidoptera and flies are sufficiently active to leave no doubt as to the important part they play in pollination. The greater part of the Azorean flowering plants are either anemophilous or adapted to pollination by the aid of little-specialized in- * Robinson and Greenman, On the flora of the Galapagos Islands, as shown by the collection of Dr. G. Baur. Am. Journ. Sci. 150 [iv. 50]: 135. + From Mr. Godman’s Natural History of the Azores, it appears that in 1870 he knew the following Azorean insects: Coleoptera, 212 species (p. 94); Hymenoptera, 13 (p. 101); Lepidoptera, 28 (p. 106). M. Drouet, in his Eléments de la faune agoréenne, further enumerates the following: Orthoptera, 5 species (p. 478); Hemiptera, 6 (p. 479); Diptera, 4 (p. 483). 0 gD RE A AL ge See eee ee ah ae SRMBAE sg STn Sar Te Ee bl is ae ocr eth od it 9, at 1 MRC ay Neral PS By Se BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 89 sects, and, as a rule, they have open flowers with readily accessible nectar or pollen. In a group of islands possessing only seven species of wild mammals, none of which is peculiar to the islands nor commonly concerned with the dissemination of plants elsewhere, and few birds capable of aiding in this work except for aquatics or marsh plants, it is scarcely to be expected that special dissemination adaptations would be found on the part of aboriginal plants, which presumably have been associated with these animals for a relatively short time, nor of recently introduced plants unless the relations have been established and the modifications worked out before either plant or animal reached the Azores. Hence it comes, for instance, that well developed burrs are found only on evidently recent introductions, and in most cases are obviously less effective than on the continents whence the plants producing them came. By far the greater number of species either possess no special modifi- cation adapting them to certain dissemination, but depend upon gravitation, the wind, or hygroscopic movements of their seed vessels, or else their adaptations are out of harmony with their surroundings. Owing to the limitation of many species to cliffs and walls, they must needs be able to endure considerable drought, and for a protracted period, without serious in- jury, and this is found to be the case. But by far the greater number of plants showing adaptations to this end are those which had acquired these peculiarities before leay- ing their original continental home, so that they present few, if any, peculiarities properly claiming attention as a part of their relations to their present surroundings. The same may be said of the structure of strand plants, none of which are peculiar to the Azores, but the details of the distribution of which, nevertheless, would make a most interesting study.* * Cf., for instance, Massart, La biologie de la végétation sur le littoral belge. Bull. Soc. roy. de bot. de Belgique, 32: 7. es a 90 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Though, therefore, the general conclusion must be that the most striking ecological adaptations of Azorean plants are not in relation with their present surroundings, and therefore likely to be injurious, or at the best wasteful, rather than beneficial, there is reason to expect interesting results from a protracted study on the spot of the manner in which these plants may readjust themselves to their new environment. BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 91 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. Phanerogams. Lo] RANUNCULACEAE. *RANUNCULUS MEGAPHYLLUs, Steud. L. grandifolius, Wat- son 124. WR. cortusaefolius, Drouet 155; Seubert 42; Seub. & Hochst. 13; Watson (2) 585, (3) 384.— Lowe, 34.— Bot. Mag. 78. pl. 4625.— Plate 12. Flores (1, 2). Fayal. Pico. San Jorge. *R. Framuuta, L. Watson 124; Drouet 155; B. & H. 8. j. 12. Terceira (4, abundant in a marsh at about 1,000 ft. elevation, two or three miles northeast of Angra). Of the several forms contrasted by Ewing in Annals of Scott. Nat. Hist. 1894. 236, this is nearest var. petiolaris, Lange, Journ. Bot. 27: 230, not R. petiolaris, HBK. *R. rritopus, Desf. Watson 126, (2) 585; Drouet 155; Seubert 43; Seub. & Hochst. 13.— Lowe, 5.— Desf. Fl. Atl. 1. pl. 113. Flores. Terceira. San Miguel. Sta. Maria. *R. parvirtorus, L. Watson 126, (2) 586; Drouet 155; Seubert 43; Seub. & Hochst. 13.—B.&H. 10. f/f. oo. Flores (3). Fayal. Pico. Terceira. San Miguel. Sta. Maria (3,a). +R. REPENS, L. Watson 125, (2) 585; Drouet 155; Seu- bert 42; Seub. & Hochst. 13.—B. & H. 9.f. 18. Fayal. Pico. Terceira (5). San Miguel. *R. muricatus, L. Watson 126, (2) 585; Drouet 155; Seubert 43; Seub. & Hochst. 13.— Lowe, 6.—Rchb. 3. pl. 22. Fayal. San Miguel. 92 MISSOURL BOTANICAL GARDEN. DELPHINIUM Agacis, L. Watson 126. D. consolida, Drouet 156; Seu- bert 43; Watson (2) 586; Seub. & Hochst. 183.—B. & H. 13. f. 29. Flores. Pico (Brown, 1, near gardens).— Quite clearly a garden escape. *Aquilegia vulgaris, L. Watson 126, (1) 398, (2) 586; Drouet 155; Seubert 43.—B. & H. 12. f. 28. Pico (Brown, 2). —A white-flowered variety. NIGELLA ARVENSIS, L. Watson 126, (2) 586, (8) 394; Drouet 155; Seubert 43; Seub. & Hochst. 18.—Rchb. 4, pl. 120. San Miguel, in or aboué gardens. — Not recently collected, and probably a garden escape, though in Madeira N. Damascena is abundant. PAPAVERACEAE. *Papaver somniferum, L. Watson 127; Drouet 156 (incl. P. setigerum ).— Lowe, 11.— Rehb. 8. pl. 17. Fayal. Sta. Maria.— A garden escape in the former island. * {7 P. pusrtum, L. Watson 128, (2) 586; Drouet 156.— B. &H. 18. f. 3&8. Corvo (48). Flores (47,51). Fayal. San Miguel ( Carreiro). *{P. Ruaoras, L. Watson 128, (3) 381; Drouet 156.—B. & H. 18. f. 37. Terceira (49; Sampaio). San Miguel (50). Sta. Maria (50, a). *CHELIDONIUM Magus, L. Watson 128, (2) 586, (3) 394; Drouet 156; Seubert 43; Seub. & Hochst. 13.— B. & H. 38. 7. £2. Pico (Brown, 18). San Jorge (44). Terceira (45). San Miguel (46; Brown, 19). *{FumariIA mMuRALIS, Sonder. Watson 128; Babington, Bot. Gaz. 1: 63, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: 157. F. capreolata, Drouet 156 ; Seubert 43; Seub. & Hochst. 13; Watson (2) 586, (3) 384, Phytologist, 3: 805. ?F. officinalis, Watson 128, (2) 586, (3) 395; Drouet 156; Seubert 43; Seub. & Hochst. 13.— Lowe, 13.— Fl. Danica, 14. pl. 2473. Flores. Fayal (Brown, 16). Pico (Brown, 17). ee. ogee eee BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 93 Graciosa (40). Terceira (41, 42; Sampaio). San Miguel ( Carreiro, 89). *+ F. Basrarp1, Bor.— Corbiére, 36.— Plate 13. San Miguel (43; Carretro, 39). Sta. Maria (43, a, 43, b?).—Scarcely separable from the preceding. *+F. Borart, Jord.— Corbiére, 35.— Plate 13. San Miguel ( Carreiro, 136).— Larger flowered than either of the preceding. These three closely related species are frequently treated as varie- ties of one, e. g. Lange, followed by Colmeiro, Plantas de la Peninsula, 1; 117, under F. media, which is sometimes made to com- prise the last two as distinct from F. muralis, e. g. Index Kewensis. F. DENSIFLORA, DC. 2F. micrantha, Drouet 156; Watson 129. San Miguel (Drouet).— If really present, may be recognized from its crowded flowers, the short deeply colored corolla scarcely twice as long as and narrower than the almost peltate sepals. CRUCIFERAE. *MATTHIOLA INCANA, R. Br. Drouet 157. M. annua, Watson 129, (2) 586; Drouet 156; Seubert 43; Seub. & Hochst. 13.— Corbiére, 43.— Rehb. 2. pl. 45. Fayal ( Brown, 12). Pico? ( Brown, 13, 14). Terceira (Sampaio). San Miguel. *NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE, R. Br. Watson 130, (2) 586; Drouet 157; Seubert 43; Seub. & Hochst. 13.—B.& H. 27. f. 52. Corvo (6). Flores (7, 8). Fayal. Terceira (9). San Miguel (10; Brown, 15). Sta. Maria (10, a). N. FLExuOosuM, Seubert 43; Watson 130, (2) 586, (3) 395; Drouet 157. N. novaspec., Seub. & Hochst. 13. Flores (apparently distributed as Hochstetter, 61).— Not recently recognized, and doubtfully referred to the preceding in Index Kewensis. *Cardamine caldeirarum, Guthn. in Seubert 43; Seub. & Hochst. 13; Watson 130, (2) 586; Drouet 157. C. Caldeiraria, Watson (1) 129.— Plates 14-15. Corvo (16, 17). Flores (11, 12, 13,— the latter from the northern end of the island, a large lax form with the leaflets long-stalked and deeply and acutely pal- mately lobed, or with an occasional secondary leaflet cut ress Sele aM Fee Rn ae ae tae i aby RN Steg PgR MIRE a RATT Sud OME RR ae 5 a + 94 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. off at base, approaching C. maritima,— plate 15). Fayal (Brown, 11). Pico. San Miguel. *C. caldeirarum, var. amplifolia n. var. San Miguel, (14, 15,— in the vicinity of the Furnas, especially abundant and well developed in the large grotto beside Lagoa das Furnas, a short distance above the hot springs; Carreiro, at Candellaria). At length afoot high, slender and lax, spreading by a rather stout root-stock, with sparse white hairs, especially about the bases of the petioles: flowers larger: foliage as in C. amara: capsules slender, remote, very divergent on capillary pedicels less than half their length, not surpassing the floriferous end of the stem.— Plate 16. An interesting form with rather larger flowers than the type and leaves most closely resembling those of C. amara, but the fruit and habit of theformer. From C. hirsuta it differs in its larger flowers, and from C. sylvatica in its few very spreading capsules.— But the figure of C. sylvatica in Rchb. 2. pl. 26 might almost pass for some forms of C. caldeirarum. *C. uiesuta, L. Watson 130, (2) 586, (3) 384; Drouet 157.— B. & H. 32. f. 66. Terceira. San Miguel ( Carreiro, 135). *t Barbaraea praecox, R. Br. Watson 130, (2) 586; Drouet 157. ? B. intermedia, Drouet 157.—B. & H. 27.— Rehb. 2. pl. £9. Fayal. San Miguel. *{SISYMBRIUM OFFICINALE, Scop. Watson 131, (2) 586; Drouet 157; Seubert 44.—B. & H. 33. f. 69. Corvo(18). Flores. Fayal( Brown, 10). Graciosa (19). Terceira (21). San Miguel (20; Carretro, 112). Sta. Maria (20, a). All of my specimens belong to a nearly glabrous form, with the capsules usually quite glabrous, which is frequent in the United States. S. Ir10, L. Watson 131; Drouet 137.—B. & H. 34. f. 70. Fayal (Drouet).— Doubtful. *ALYSSUM MARITIMUM, L. Watson 131, (2) 587, (3) 395; Drouet 157; Seubert 44.— B. & H. 40. f. 87. Terceira (28). San Miguel. *tBrassicaA NIGRA, Koch. Sinapis nigra, Watson 181, (2), 586; Drouet 157; Seubert 44; Seub. & Hochst. 13.—B. & H. 38. f. 8&2. ea ae a ae er a San Ae lee ~~ ee SE Rae ae es) ky oe ee OE Re mae 2 eR EN MN SS pe et Se ee err aS $ Nese ‘4 « BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 95 Flores (22). Fayal. Terceira (Sampaio ?). San Mi- guel (Carreiro, 182 ?). *{CAPSELLA Bursa-pastoris, Medic. Watson 132, (3) 382; Drouet 158.—B. & H. 45. f. 101. Corvo (39). Flores. Terceira. San Miguel ( Carrei- ro). Sta. Maria (39, a). *{SENEBIERA PINNATIFIDA, DC. Watson 131, (2) 587; Drouet 157; Seubert 44; Seub. & Hochst. 13.—B. & H. 48. f. 108 (as S. didyma). Flores (31, 32). Fayal. Pico (Brown, 3). San Jorge (33, 34). Terceira (35). San Miguel (Brown, 4, ~17; Carretro, 577, a). Sta Maria (35, a). S. Coronorus, Poir. Watson 132; Drouet 158.— B. & H. 47. f. 107. Terceira.— Doubtful. * {Leprpium Vireinicum, L. Watson 132, (2) 587; Drouet 158; Seubert 44; Seub. & Hochst. 13.— Lowe, 84.— Rchb. 2. pl. 10. Flores (38). Fayal (Brown, 9). Pico. San Jorge (36, 37). Terceira. San Miguel ( Carreiro, 51). IBERIS UMBELLATA, L.— Rehb. 2. pl. 7. San Miguel (29,in an abandoned quinta).— An escape. *RAPISTRUM ORIENTALE, DC. Drouet 158.— Rouy & Fou- caud, 2: 74.— Plate 17. Terceira (30). Graciosa. R. PERENNE, All. Watson 132, (2) 586; Drouet 158. Fayal.— Doubtful. Should have longer more acuminate fruit than the preceding.— Plate 17. *R. rucosum, All. Watson 133, (3) 381; Drouet 158.— Rouy & Foucaud, 2: 72.—Rchb. 2. pl. 2.— Plate 17. Graciosa, San Miguel.— Style considerably longer than the capsule. *Cakile Americana, Nutt. Watson 133, (2) 586, (3) 385; C. maritima, Drouet 158; Seubert 44.— Gray, 74.— Gray, Gen. Illustr. 1. pl. 74. Fayal (Brown, 8).— Frequently, as in Index Kew- ensis, placed under C. maritima. *}RapHanus RapHanistrum, L. Watson 134, (2) 586, (3) 885; Drouet 158.—B. & H. 49. f. 112. pl. 17. 96 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Corvo (24, 25). Fayal (Brown, 5). Pico (Brown, 7). Graciosa (Brown, 6). Terceira (23). San Miguel (27; Carreiro, 122). Sta. Maria. R. Lanpra, Moretti. Watson 134.— Plate 17. Flores. Fayal. — Not recently collected.— With stouter capsules having far less conspicuous constrictions and stout conical beak; whereas in the preceding they are usually very slender and always strongly moniliform, the constricted parts sometimes as long as the fertile segments, and the beak is slender and almost linear. RESEDACEAE. *ResepDA LuTEouta, L. Watson 135, (2) 587; Drouet 158. ? R. macrosperma, Seubert 44; Watson (2) 587; Seub. & Hochst. 13.— Lowe, 42.— Rehb. 2. pl. 99. Corvo (53). Flores (52). Fayal (Brown, 23). Pico (Brown, 22). Graciosa (54, 55). Terceira (57, 58). San Miguel (56; Carreiro,11). Sta. Maria (56, a). All of my specimens except no. 53 have leaves with undulate margin, and are presumably what Drouet and Watson refer to var. crispata. It is not clear that they are really separable from var. australis, Mill. Arg., which occurs in the Canary Islands, while the former variety, as understood by Miller, is continental; but it is possible that the varieties are not sharply separable. VIOLACEAE. *Viota oporaTA, L. Watson 136, (2) 587, (3) 3885; Drouet 159; Seubert 44.— B. & H. 54. f. 721. Flores. Fayal. San Miguel ( Brown, 21). *V. paLtustris, L. Watson 134, (2) 587; Drouet 159.— B. & H. 54. f. 120. Flores. Pico.— Not recently collected. V. TRICOLOR, L. Watson 136, (3) 382; Drouet 159; Rcehb. 8. pl. 21. Flores.— Probably escaped; not recently collected. PITTOSPORACEAE. PITTOSPORUM UNDULATUM, Vent. Hort. Cels. pl. 76. Sta. Maria (56, b, 56, c), and seen elsewhere.— The “‘ encenso,”’ long cultivated, and appearing spontaneous, as is the case with most other woody plants, but doubtfully established as truly eseaped. TD eh en Lal ie Ce a eee ee Pe ET TT ee OST Ae Ta Oa et Ee BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 97 POLYGALACEAE. *PoLyGaLa vuLa@aris, L. Watson 136,(1) 402, (2), 587; Drouet 162; Seubert 46; Seub. & Hochst. 14.— B. & H. 56. f. 226. Pico. P. SERPYLLACEA, Weihe. P. depressa, Watson 137; Drouet 162.— Hayne, Arzneigewichse, 18. pl. 24. Pico. Terceira.— Doubtful. FRANKENIACEAE, *FRANKENIA PULVERULENTA, L. Watson 137, (2) 587; Drouet 159; Seubert 44; Seub. & Hochst. 14.— Lowe, 48.— Sibth. Fl. Graeca. pl. 344. Flores (87, 88). Fayal. Pico. Terceira (89). San Miguel (90, 91). *F. airsuta, L. F ericifolia, Watson 137, (2) 587; Drouet 159; Seubert 44. F’. laevis, var. viridis, Seub. & Hochst. 14.— Lowe, 48 (as F’. laevis).— Sibth. FI. Graeca. pl. 343. Corvo (83, 84, 85, 86, near the shore). CARYOPHYLLACEAE. *SILENE GawLuica, L. Watson 138; Drouet 161. JS. Lusitanica, Watson (2) 587; Drouet 161; Seubert 45; Seub. & Hochst. 14.— Lowe, 50.— B. & H. 63. 7 727. Corvo (97, 98, 99, 100). Flores (94). Fayal. Pico ( Brown, 24). Graciosa (95). Terceira (93; Sampaio). San Miguel (96; Carretro, 11, 49). Sta. Maria (96, a). *S. iunFLaTa, Sm. Watson 137; Drouet 161; Seubert 45; Seub. & Hochst. 14. 8. maritima, Watson (2) 587.— Lowe, 52.—B. & H. 62. f. 134 (as 8. Cucubalus). Corvo (102, 103). Flores (101). Pico. San Miguel. S. ARMERIA, L. Watson 138, (3) 383; Drouet 161.—Corbiére, 91. — Rehb. 6, pl. 284. San Miguel.— A garden escape. 7 98 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. *Cerastium Azoricum, Hochst. in Seubert 45. pl. 14; Watson 138, (2) 587; Drouet 160; Seub. & Hochst. 14. Corvo (126 to 131). Flores (120 to 125). *CO. TRIVIALE, Lk. Watson 139. C. vulgatum, Seu- bert 45; Watson (2) 587; Seub. & Hochst. 14; Drouet 160.—Gray, 88 (as C. vulgatum) ; Lowe, 60.— Rehb. 5. pl. 229. Flores. Fayal. Terceira (119). San Miguel (112, 113, 114; Brown, 28). *(, GLOMERATUM, Thuill. Watson 138. C. viscosum, Wat- son (2) 587; Drouet 160.—Gray, 88 (as C’. viscosum ) ; Lowe, 60.— Rehb. 5. pl. 229 (as C. vulgatum). Corvo (115, 117, 118). Flores. Fayal (Brown, 29). Terceira (116). San Miguel (Carreiro, 153). Sta. Maria (118, a, 118, 0). #}STELLARIA MEDIA, Cyrill. Watson 139, (2) 587; Drouet 160.— B. & H. 73. f. 165. Flores. Fayal. Graciosa (92). San Miguel. Sta. Maria (92, a). ARENARIA MuscosA, Med. Moehringia muscosa, Watson 139; Drouet 160.— Rehb, 5. i 21 a Terceira.— Doubtful. *SAGINA PROCUMBENS, L. Watson 139, (2) 587; Drouet 160; Seubert 45; Seub. & Hochst. 14.—B. & H. 65. f. 146. Corvo (132). Flores (133, 134). Fayal. San Jorge (875). Terceira (605; Abreu). San Miguel (135, 136, 137, 138; Brown, 27; Carreiro, 120). Sta. Maria (138, a). *+SPERGULA ARVENSIS, L. Watson 139, (3) 382; Drouet 1.55. & Bu fii 7s. Fayal. San Miguel. %*tSPERGULARIA RUBRA, Presl. Watson 140. Arenaria rubra, Watson (2) 587, (3) 385; Drouet 160.— B. & H. 74. f. 170. Corvo (139, 140, 141). Flores (142, 143). Fayal. Graciosa (144). San Miguel ( Carreiro, 9). Sta. Maria (144, a). BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 99 S. Marina, Watson 140. 2? 8. Azorica, Lebel. Arenaria marina, Seub. & Hochst. 14; Drouet 160. Alsine marina, Seubert 45, in part. A. media, Seub. & Hochst. 14.—Corbiére, 110.— Rchb. 5. pl. 222 (as Alsine media). Pico. San Miguel.— A slender rooted species, like the preceding, but the flowers should be twice as large, and at least some of the seeds winged. — Doubtful. *S. macrorHizA, Watson 140. Arenaria macrorhiza, Drouet 160; Watson (2) 587, (3) 385; Seub. & Hochst. 14. See a ee ee eee Ti PTS te ee ee eee 148 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. LAURACEAE. *Persea Azorica, Seubert 29. pl. 6; Watson (2) 605, (3) 392; Drouet 193. Laurus Canariensis, Watson 220; Seub. & Hochst. 11. Z. Canariensis, var. Azorica, Seub. & Hochst. 11. Flores (856). Fayal (Brown, 250, 251). Pico (Brown, 252). Terceira (857). San Miguel (858, 859, 860, 861; Carreiro). Sta. Maria (861, a). *P. Inpica, Spreng. Watson 220, (2) 605; Drouet 193.— Barker-Webb & Berth. Hist. Nat. les Canar. pl. 204. Flores (862). Fayal. Terceira (863). San Miguel ( Carreiro). Sta. Maria (863, a). OcOTEA FOETENS, B.& H. Oreodaphne foetens, Watson 220; Drouet 193.— Barker-Webb & Berth. Hist. Nat. Nes Canar. pl. 205. Terceira.— Perhaps doubtfully established. THYMELAFACEAE. *DapHne Lavureota, L. Watson 220, (1) 400, 407, (2) 605; Drouet 193; Seubert 30. D. Gnidium, Seub. & Hochst. 11.— B. & H. 388. f. 879. Pico. Also formerly in San Miguel. EUPHORBIACEAE. RICINUS COMMUNIS, L. Seubert 28; Watson (2) 606, (3) 396; Drouet 194.— Hayne, Arzneig. 10. pl. 48. Fayal. San Miguel.— Scarcely escaped. *Euphorbia Stygiana, Watson, Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 605. FE. Styxiana, Watson (3) 392. #. mellifera, Wat- son 221; Drouet 194; Seubert 27. H. sp., Watson (1) 129.— Plate 46. Corvo. Flores (864). Fayal. Pico. San Miguel. *E. Laruyris, L. Watson 221, (2) 606; Drouet 194; Seubert 27; Seub. & Hochst. 11.—B. & H. 394. f. 890. Fayal. Pico. San Miguel. Aspect of the next, but with opposite lower leaves, larger cap- sules, etc. Ce eee. Ae eo en Pe ee a ai Le Te ee oe eee ee Pr mee eer ea NESS BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 149 *E. Azorica, Hochst. in Seubert 27 ; Watson 222, (2) 606 ; Drouet 194. #. diversifolia, Seub. & Hochst. 11. ?E. Esula, ?F. Gerardiana, ?E. Portlandica, Drouet 194. ? 2. platyphyllos, Seub. & Hochst. 11.— Plate 47. Flores (865, 866). Fayal. Pico (Brown, 253, 254). San Jorge (867). Terceira ? (#. Portlandica, Drouet). San Miguel (868; Carretro, 27).— Somewhat variable and commonly reduced to a variety of Z. pinea, L. *E. exieua, L. Watson 222, (2) 606; Drouet 194.— B. & H. 394. f. 889. Fayal. San Miguel. *E. Pepius, L. Watson 222, (2) 606; Drouet 194.— B. & H. 393. f. 888. Flores. Fayal (Brown, 255). Graciosa (869, 874). Terceira (870, 871). San Miguel (872 ; Carreiro, 178). *E. Pepuis, L. Watson 222, (2) 606; Drouet 194; Seub. & Hochst. 11; Seubert 27.— B. & H. 392. f. 883. Fayal (Brown, 256). Pico. Terceira (873). San Miguel. *E. Preslii, Guss.— Gray, 453. Pico. (Brown, 257). BuxXUs SEMPERVIRENS, L. Watson (2) 605; Drouet 194.— Rchb. 5, pl. 153. ‘ Flores. Fayal. San Miguel.— Escaping. *MERCURIALIS ANNUA, L. Watson 222, (2) 606; Drouet 195.— B. & H. 396. f. 896.— Rehb. 5. pl. 15/1 (as M. ambigua). Fayal. San Jorge (876, 877). Graciosa (878, 879, 880). San Miguel ( Carreiro, 147). Sta. Maria (880,a). Nos. 877, 879, 880, a, and Carreiro, 147, are monoecious, there- fore falling under the variety amdigua. URTICACEAE. ULMus CAMPESTRIS, L. Watson 224; Drouet 196.—B. & H. 401. f. 907. Fayal. Terceira. San Miguel. Sta. Maria.— Escaping. UrtTICA MEMBRANACEA, Poir. Watsqn 223; Drouet 195; Seub. & Hochst.11. U. Azorich, Hochst. in Seubert 150 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 28. pl. 7; Seub. & Hochst. 11; Watson (2) 606, (3) 392; Drouet 195. ?U. Lowet, Seubert 28; Watson (2) 606, (3) 396, (referred in Index Kewensis to U. morifolia, Poir, of the Canary Islands). U. rupestris, Seub. & Hochst. 11. U. urens, Seub. & Hochst. 11. Flores (885). Fayal (Brown, 258). Pico. San Jorge (886, 887). Graciosa (888). Terceira (889). San Mi- guel (890; Brown, 259; Carreiro, 86, 141). Sta. Maria (890, a, 890, 0). *PARIETARIA OFFICINALIS, L. Watson 223, (2) 606; Drouet 195; Seubert 28; Seub. & Hochst. 11.— B. & H. 400. f. 904. Flores (882). Fayal. Terceira (883). San Miguel (884). Sta. Maria (884, a). *P. pepiLis, Forst. ?P. Lusitanica, Watson 223, (2) 606; Drouet 195.— 8S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 65. Corvo (881). Pico. (Brown, 260). San Miguel ( Carreiro 22). MyYRICACEAE. *Myrica Faya, Dryander, in Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 397. Watson 223, (2) 606; Drouet 196; Seubert 27 ; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Nouveau Duhamel, 2. pl. 56. Corvo (891). Flores (892, 893, 894, 895). Fayal (Brown, 262). Pico. Graciosa (896). San Miguel ( Carreiro). Sta. Maria (896, a, 896, 6). EMPETRACEAE. *CorEMA ALBUM, Don. Watson 221, (2) 605; Drouet 194; Seubert 27.— Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 8: 512.—Hoffmg. & Lk. Fl. Port. pl. 72. Fayal. Pico. San Miguel (897; Brown, 261; Car- retro, 26). CERATOPHYLLACEAE. *Ceratophyllum demersum, L. Watson 223, (2) 591; Drouet 166.— B. & H. 397. f. 899. Flores (898,— Sterile, like the specimens collected in the same island by Mr. Watson, many years ago). BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 151 SALICACEAE. SALIX FRAGILIS, L. Watson 224, (2) 606; Drouet 195.—B. & H. 409. jf. 917. Fayal. Pico. Sta. Maria.—Escaping. PorpuLus NiGRA, L. Watson 224, (2) 606; Drouet 196.— B. & H. 414. f. 933. Flores. Sta. Maria. Reported from the greater part of the archipelago.— Escaping. ORCHIDACEAE. *SERAPIAS CORDIGERA, L. Watson 225, (1) 8, (2) 607; Drouet 199 ; Seubert 25; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 1: 162.—Rchb. 18. pl. 440. Fayal. Pico. Terceira (902). San Miguel (903). The flowers of some specimens are unusually pale, and my sin- gle specimen from San Miguel has one stalked and one sessile tuber, asin S. neglecta. *Habenaria micrantha, Hochst. in Seubert 25. pl. 5; Wat- son 225, (2) 607; Drouet 199. Flores. Fayal. Pico. Terceira (904). San Miguel (905, 906; Carreiro, 222). Sta. Maria. *H. longebracteata, Hochst. in Seubert 25. pl. 5; Watson 225, (2) 607; Drouet 199. Flores. San Miguel (907, 908, 909). Sta. Maria. My specimens do not satisfactorily correspond to the descrip- tions of these two species of Habenaria. SCITAMINEAE. *Hedychium Gardnerianum, Rose.— Bot. Reg. 9. pl. 774. Flores (910, 911). San Miguel. Originally introduced as a greenhouse plant, now thoroughly established and considered in the gardens a troublesome weed. Canna Inpica, L. Drouet 200; Seubert 25; Watson (1) 6.— Bot. Mag. 18. pl. 454. Indefinitely reported as escaping about gardens. TRIDACEAE. *Ipis FOETIDISSIMA, L. Watson 226; Drouet 199.— B. & H. 449. f. 1016. Fayal. San Miguel. Sta. Maria (911, @). 152 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. I. GERMANICA, Watson 226. J. sp., Watson (2) 607.— Rehb. 9, pl. 338. Flores.— Escaped: not recently collected. *RoMULEA CoLuMNAE, Seb. & Maur. Trichonema Colum- nae, Watson 226, (3) 382; Drouet 199.—B. & H. 450. f. LO19. San Miguel.— Not recently collected. GLADIOLUS SEGETUM, Ker-Gaw. Watson 226; Drouet 199. G. sp., Watson (2) 607.— Bot. Mag. 19, pl. 719. Fayal.— Escaped. AMARYLLIDACEAE. *Amaryllis Belladonna, L. Watson 226, (1) 6, (2) 607; Drouet 200; Seubert 25.— Bot. Mag. 19. pl. 733. Flores. Fayal. Terceira. San Miguel. — Established, from gardens. AGaveE Amuricana, L. Watson 226; Drouet 200.—Gartenflora, 41. 270. jf. 61, ' Sta. Maria.— Very abundantly planted everywhere for forage, but doubtfully escaping. Narcissus TazeTTa, L. subsp. PAPYRACEUS, Baker, Handb. Amaryllid. 8. N. stellatus, Watson 226. N. sp., Watson (2)608; Drouet 199,— Bot. Mag. pl. 947. Fayal.— Escaped: not recently observed. LILIACEAE. *ALLIUM AMPELOPRASUM, L. Watson 227; Drouet 201.— B. & H. 463. f. 1046. Fayal (Brown, 263). Graciosa (912). San Miguel. *A. suBHIRSUTUM, L. Watson 227, (3) 383; Drouet 201.— Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 1: 212.— Rehb. 10. pl. 502. San Miguel.— Not recently collected. *A. rosEuUM, L.— Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 1: 210.— Rehb. 10. pl. 504. Terceira (913). Sta. Maria (913, a). Urainea Scitia, Steinh. Seubert 24; Drouet 201. Scilla maritima, Watson 227, (2) 607, (3) 396.— Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 1: 215.— Rchb. 10. pl. 466. Vaguely reported by Seubert; possibly, as suggested by Mr. Watson, having reference to Amaryllis Belladonna. BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 153 *Ruscus acuLEaTus, L. Watson 227, (3), 383; Drouet 200.— B. & H. 458. f. 1034. Flores (914). Pico (Brown, 264). Terceira (915). San Miguel ( Carreiro, 1). R. ANDROGYNuS, L. Seubert 25; Watson (2) 608, (8) 896; Drouet 200.— Bot. Mag. 44, pl. 1898. Fayal. Pico.— Escaping. Not recently collected. *SmMILAX DIvARIcATA, Sol. Watson (2) 608. S. Cana- riensis, Watson 227, in part. S. Canariensis, B. divaricata, A. DC. Monog. Phanerog. 1: 72. Pico. The first of the forms referred to by Mr. Watson: not recently collected. *S pxcetsa, L. &. Canariensis, Watson 227, in part. S. tetragona, Seubert 24; Seub. & Hochst. 10. ?S. aspera, Drouet 200.— A. DC. 1. ¢, 73.— Nouveau Duhamel, 1. pl. 5. Pico (Brown, 265). San Miguel (Brown, 266, at the Sete Cidades ). CoMMELINACEAE. TRADESCANTIA MULTIFLORA, Sw.— Jacquin, Icones. 2, pl. 355. Flores (915, a). Fayal (Brown).— Escaped. ZEBRINA PENDULA, Schnitzl.— Revue Hort. 1855. pl. 8. San Jorge (Brown).— Escaping. JJ UNCACEAE. -*LLuzula purpureo-splendens, Seubert 23. pil. 4; Watson 231; Drouet 201. LZ. purpurea, Watson, Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 608, (3) 393. LZ. elegans, Seub. & Hochst. 10. Z. Azorica, Watson (1) 408. Corvo (916). Flores(917,918). Fayal. Pico (Brown, 301). Terceira (919). San Miguel (920, 921; Brown, 267; Carreiro, 615). *L. campestris, DC. Watson, 232; Drouet 200.—B. & H. 474. f. 1078. San Miguel. Sta. Maria.— Not recently collected. * JUNCUS EFFUSUS, L. Watson 232, (2) 609; Drouet 201.— B. & H. 469. f. 1059; Corbiére, 580. Pe ye a a eee ey Oe kes a — 154 *J. *J. *J. *J. *J. *J. *J. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Corvo (922, 923, 924). Flores (925). Fayal (Brown, 268). Terceira (926). San Miguel (927, 928, 929, 930, 931; Carreiro, 9, 69, 766). Sta. Maria (931, @). The specimens range in all degrees between 923, which is typical J. effusus, and 929, which is a densely glomerate form of var. conglomeratus. @LAucus, Sibth. Watson 232; Drouet 201.—B. & H. 469. f. 1059. Sta. Maria.— Not recently collected. acutus, L. Watson 232, (2) 609; Drouet 201; Seu- bert 24; Seub. & Hochst. 10. J. multibracteatus, Drouet 202.— B. & H. 472. f. 1071. Flores (932). Fayal. Terceira (933). San Miguel. Sta. Maria (933, a). MARITIMUS, Lam. Watson 232, (2) 609, ( 3) 396; Drouet 202; Seubert 24; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— B. & H. 472. f. 1070. Terceira.— Collected many years ago. capiTatus, Weigel. Watson 232, (2) 609; Drouet 202; Seubert 24; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— B. & H. 471. J. 1069. Corvo (940). Flores. Fayal. Terceira. San Miguel. TENUIS, Willd. Watson 232, (2) 609; Drouet 202. J. lucidus, Hochst. in Seubert 24. pl. 4; Seub. & Hochst. 10; Drouet 200.— B. & H. 471. f. 1065. Corvo (934). Pico. Fayal. Terceira (935). San Miguel (936). While all but 935 are more representative ./. tenuis, that number agrees with Hochstetter’s figure. BUFONIUS, L. Watson 233, (2) 609; Drouet 202; Seu- bert 24; Seub. & Hochst. 10. J. hybridus, Seub. & Hochst. 10; Drouet 202. J. bufonius, . fascicu- latus, Seubert 24.—B. & H. 471. f. 1067. Corvo (937, 938). Flores (939, 1001). Fayal. Ter- ceira. San Miguel (941). Sta. Maria (941, a). SUPINUS, Moench. Watson 233; J. uliginosus, Watson (2) 609; Drouet 202; Seubert 24.—B. & H. 470; Corbiére, 582.— Rchb. 9. pl. 397. Se ae ae eee ee BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 155 Corvo (942). Flores (943, 944, 970). San Miguel (945, 946, 947, 948, 949; Carreiro, 15). The frequent aquatjc form is the J. fluitans, Lam. *J. LamMpocarrPus, Ehrh. J. lamprocarpus, Watson 233.— B. & H. 470; Corbiére, 581.— Rchb. 9. pl. 405. Terceira (950, 951). San Miguel (952, 953, 954, 955, 956; Brown, 269; Carreiro). ARACEAE. *Arum Irauicum, Mill. Watson 230, (2) 608; Drouet 198 ; Seubert 26; Seub. & Hochst. 9. ? A. vulgare, Drouet 198.— B. & H.420.— Rehb. 7. pl. 11. Terceira (Sampaio). San Miguel. *ARISARUM VULGARE, Targ. Tozz. A. Azoricum, Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 1857.190. Arum Arisarum, Watson 231; Drouct 198.— Var. Subexsertum, Engl. Monogr. 2: 564, — Rchb. 7. pl. 7. Fayal. San Miguel.— Not recently collected. COLOCASIA ANTIQUORUM, Schott. Watson 231, (2) 608; Drouet 198; Seubert 26. Caladium esculentum, Watson (1) 7.—Nicholson, Gard. Dict. 2: 362.— Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6. pl. facing p. 11. Escaping more or less in nearly all of the islands.— San Miguel 957). i ap Arricana, Kunth.— Bot. Mag. 21. pl. 832 (as Calla Aethio- pica). Sta. Maria.— Escaped along the ribeira east of Villa do Porto. LEMNACEAE. *LemNA MINOR, L. Watson 230,(2) 608, (3) 396; Drouet 198; Seubert 26; Seub. & Hochst. 9.— B. & H. 421. Sf. 948. Terceira (958, 959).— Abundant at the higher altitudes, above Angra; also in the public garden of that city. ALISMACEAE. *Azisma PLantago, L. Watson 231.—B. & H. 430. f. 969. 156 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Sta. Maria (959, a, 959, 5). The very narrow-leaved form (as in Madeira), which has been called var. lanceolata, but is not separated by Micheli in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. $- 32. : NAIADACEAE. *POTAMOGETON PuUSILLUs, L. Watson 228, (2) 608; Drouet 198. — B. & H. 428. f. 965. — Rchb. 7. pl. 22. Flores (960). San Miguel (961). Sta. Maria (961, a). As none of my specimens are in fruit, it cannot be said positively that they do not represent the Canary Island P. denticulatus, Lk., which, though merged into this species in Index Kewensis, is kept apart by some students of the genus. P. PECTINATUS, L. Watson 228, (2) 608, (3) 396; Drouet 198; Seubert 25; Seub. & Hochst. 9.— B. & H. 428. f. 966.— Rchb. 7. pl. 19. Terceira.— Not recently collected, and very likely the preceding. *P. tucens. L.? Watson 228, (3) 383; Drouet 198.— B. & H. 426. f. 958. — Rehb. 7. pl. 36. San Miguel (962, Lagoa das Furnas). Concerning this, Mr. Arthur Bennett, who was good enough to look over my specimens of this difficult genus, says that though he is not prepared to propose a new name for it, it is not typical P. tucens, but somewhat approaches P. fluitans in fruit characters. *P. LescHENAULTH, Cham. & Schl. Linnaea. 2: 223. pl. 6, Fi Bsr Sta. Maria (969, a, 969, b, 969, c). Placed under P. fluitans in Index Kewensis. *P. poLyGoniIFoLius, Pourr. Watson 229. P. hetero- phyllus, Watson (2) 608, (3) 392; Drouet 198. ?P. natans, Seubert 25; Drouet 197; Watson (2) 608.— Rehb. 7. pl. 44. Corvo (963). Flores (964, 965, 966). Fayal. Pico. Terceira (967). San Miguel (968, 969; Brown, 270). *P. naTans, L. ?Drouet 197; Seubert 25; Seub. & Hochst. 9; Watson (2) 608, (3) 392, in part.— Rchb. 7. pl. 50. Mr. Bennett writes me that this occurs in the Berne herbarium from the Azores, collected by Mr. Hunt, — hence presumably from San Miguel or possibly Sta. Maria. SG Eh oO sade Oe ae a emer es, Ae? - i ae ae eee by a wa BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 157 CYPERACEAE.* *CyPERus BADIUS, Desf. OC. longus, Watson 234, (2) 610; Drouet 202; Seubert 23; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— B. & H. 477. f. 1081. Flores (973). Fayal (Brown, 274). Graciosa (974). Terceira (975. 976), San Miguel (977; Carreiro, 87). Sta. Maria (977, a, 977, b). I have seen no specimens with the long-stalked compound um- bels which mark the form usually called C. longus, which, however, is not held separate in the Index Kewensis. *C. rorunpus, L.— Gray, 571.— Weyhe, Wolter & Funke. Pl. Offic. 1. pl. 28. San Miguel ( Carreiro, 174, a). *{C. EscuLENTUS, L. Watson 234, (2) 610; Drouet 202; Seubert 23. C. aureus, Drouet 202. C. Tenorei, Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Gray, 571.— Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. 13. pl. 52. Corvo (978, 979). Flores (980). Fayal (Brown, 271). Pico (Brown, 272). Terceira (981; Sampaio). San Miguel (982; Brown, 273; Carreiro, 613). *C. vegetus, Willd. Watson 234, (2) 610; Drouet 202.— Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 1: 138. Corvo (971). Flores (972). *Scrrpus maritimus, L. Watson 235, (2) 610, (3) 396; Drouet 203; Seubert 23; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— B. & H. 484. f. 1102. Terceira. *S. seraceus, L. Watson 235, (2) 610; Drouet 203. — B. & H. 482. f. 1096. Corvo. Flores (983). Fayal. San Miguel (984; Carreiro, 6, 33). *S. cernuus, Vahl. S. Savii, Watson 235, (2) 610; Seub. & Hochst. 10. Isolepis Saviana, Drouet 203; Seubert 23.— B. & H. 482. f. 1097. Corvo (985, 986). Flores (987, 988, 989, 990). * Determinations of Carex by Professor L. H. Bailey. 158 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Fayal. Pico. Terceiro (991). San Miguel (992). Sta. Maria (992, a, 992, 6b, 992, c). *S. FLuITaNns, L. Watson 235, (2) 610. Isolepis fluitans, Drouet 203; Seubert 23; Seub. and Hochst. 10.— B. & H. 482. f. 1095. Pico. Terceira. San Miguel (998, 994; Brown, 275 ; Carreiro, 4, 35). *ELEOCHARIS PALUSTRIS, R. Br. Drouet 202; Seubert 23. Scirpus palustris, Watson 235, (2) 610.—B. & H. 481. f. 1091. Corvo. Flores (1000, in Caldeira da Lomba). My specimens very tall, often solitary at the remote nodes of the rhizome, and with the spikes as much as an inch and a half long, in aspect recalling the South African £. limosa. *E. MULTICAULIS, Dietr. Drouet 202; Seubert 23. Scir- pus multicaulis, Watson 235, (2) 610; Seub. & Hochst. 10.—B. & H. 481. 7. 1092. Flores (995, 996). Pico. Fayal. Terceira (1001). San Miguel (997, 998, 999; Carretro, 5, 34). Sta. Maria (999, a).— Generally proliferous. *CLapium GreRMANICUM, Schrad. C. Mariscus, Watson 234, (2) 610; Drouet 202.— B. & H. 478. f. 1084. Flores. San Miguel.— Not recently collected. *Carex Azorica, Gay. Watson 236, (2) 610; Drouet 203; Seubert 21; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Plate 48. Flores (1550). Fayal. Pico. San Miguel (1551). *C. pistans, L.— B. & H. 498. f. 1142. Flores (1552). *C, ecurnata, Murr. C. stellulata, Watson 236, (2) 610; Drouet 203; Seubert 21; Seub. & Hochst. 9. C. stellulata, var. Grypos, Seubert 21; Drouet 203.— B. & H. 490. f. 115. Flores (1553). Fayal. Pico. San Miguel. *C. FLAVA, var. OEpERI, Lilj. C. flava, Watson 236, (2) 610; Drouet 203; Seubert 21; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— B. & H. 498. f. 174]. Flores. Fayal. Pico. Terceira (1554). San Miguel (1555, 1556, 1557, 1558; Carreiro, 14). NS a eee eee *C. *C. ps FF *C. *C. *C, *C. BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 159 Hochstetteriana, Gay in Seubert 22. pl. 2; Drouet 203; Watson (2) 611. C. Hochstetterorum, Watson 237. CO. Hochstetieri, Seub. & Hochst. 10. Flores (1559, 1560). Fayal. Terceira. San Miguel. MACROSTYLA, Lapeyr., var. PEREGRINA, L. H. Bailey. CO. peregrina, Lk. C. sagittifera, Watson 235, (2) 610. C. Guthnickiana, Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ii. 10: 289; Drouet 203; Seubert 20; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Plate 49. Flores (1561). Fayal. Pico. Terceira (1562). San Miguel (1563, 1563, a; Carreiro, 16, 62). muricaTa, L. Seub. & Hochst. 9.—B. & H. 492. fF. 1121. Flores (1564, at Fazazinha,— two specimens, col- lected with the next). MURICATA, var. DIVULSA, Wahl. C. divulsa, Watson 236, (2) 610; Drouet 203; Seubert 21.—B. & H. 493.— Rchb. 8. pl. 220. Flores (1565). Fayal. San Jorge (1566). Graciosa (1567). Terceira (Sampaio). San Miguel (1568, 1569; Carreiro, 203). Sta. Maria (1569, a, 1569, 5, 1569, c, 1569, d, 1569, e). PENDULA, Huds. Watson 237, (2) 611. C. myosur- oides, Seubert 23; Seub. & Hochst. 10 ; Drouet 203.— B. & H. 500. f. 7751. Flores (1570). Fayal. San Miguel. puncTaTA, Gaud. C. laevicaulis, Hochst. Watson 236, (2) 610; Drouet 203; Seubert 21; Seub. & Hochst. 10. C. rigidifolia, Hochst. in Seubert 21. pl. 2; Watson 237, (2) 611, (3) 396; Drouet 203; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Rehb. 8. pl. 251. Flores (1571, 1572). Pico. Terceira (1573). Sta. Maria (Hunt). I follow the Index Kewensis in placing C. laevicaulis and C. rigidifolia under C. punctata. Vulcani, Hochst. in Seubert 22. pl. 3; Watson 237, (2) 610; Drouet 203; Seub. & Hochst. 10. C. Flo- resiana, Hochst. J. c. pl. 3; Watson 237, (2) 610; 160 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Drouet 203; Seub. & Hochst. 10. C. Watsonz, Boott, Ill. Carex. 4: 203; Watson (2) 610. Flores? Fayal. Pico. Terceira (1574). San Miguel (1575, 1576; Carreiro). I follow Index Kewensis in this disposal of C. Floresiana and C, Watsoni. #C. vuLpina, L. Watson 236, (2) 610; Drouet 202.— B. & H. 492. f. 1120. Corvo (1577). Flores (1578, 1579). GRAMINEAE. *+PANICUM SANGUINALE, L. Watson 239; Drouet 204; Seubert 18; Seub. & Hochst. 10. Digitaria san- guinalis, Watson (2) 611.— B. & H. 508. f. 1157. Corvo (1002). Flores (1003). Fayal. Pico (Brown, 280). Graciosa (1004). Terceira (Sampaio). San Miguel. *+P. Crus-GaLui, L. Watson 239, (2) 612; P. Crus-galli, var. aristata, Drouet 204.— B. & H. 509. f. 1162. Flores (1005). Fayal. Pico. Graciosa (1006). Ter- ceira (1007). San Miguel ( Brown, 276). *+SeraRia GLAUCA, Beauv. Watson 239, (2) 611; Drouet 204; Seubert 18; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— B. & H. 508. f. 1160 (under Panicum). Flores (1008, 1009, 1010, 1011). Fayal. Pico. Graciosa (1012). Terceira (1013), San Miguel ( Brown, 277; Carreiro). *+S. verRTICILLATA, Beauv. Watson 239, (2) 611, (3) 393; Drouet 204. 29. viridis, Drouet 204.— B. & H. 508. f. 1159 (under Panicum). Fayal. Terceira? San Miguel (1014). *ANTHOXANTHUM ODORATUM, L. Watson 239, (2) 612; Drouet 204; Seubert 18; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— B. & H. 510. f. 1164. Corvo (1015). Flores (1016, 1017). Fayal. Pico. Terceira (Sampaio). San Miguel (1018; Carretro, 97). BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 161 ORYZOPSIS MULTIFLORUS, (Cav.). Piptatherum multijflorum, Watson 242, 248.— Parlatore, Fl. Ital. 1: 159 (as Miliwm).— Sibth. Fl. Graeca. 1. pl. 66. Corvo?—Regarded with some doubt by Mr. Watson. *PoLypoGon MonspPELiensis, Desf. Watson 242, (2) 612; Seub. & Hochst. 10. P. Monspeliensis, 8. minor, Seubert 18; Drouet 205.— B. & H. 515. f. 1178. Flores (1022, 1023). Fayal. Pico. Terceira (1024). Sta. Maria (1024, a, 1024, d). *P.maritimus, Willd. Watson 242, (2) 612; Drouet 205 ; Seubert 18; ?P. maritimus, var. mutica, Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Corbiére,634; Parlatore, Fl. Ital. 1: 200.— Rehb. 1. pl. 75 or 92. Corvo (1019). Flores (1020, 1021). Fayal (Brown, 281). Terceira, San Miguel (1025; Carreiro). *AGROSTIS VERTICILLATA, Vill. Watson 241, (2) 612; Drouet 205; Seubert 18.— Corbiére, 632.— Rchb. 1. pl. 76. Flores (1026, 1027). Fayal (Brown, 299). Terceira (1028; Sampaio).San Miguel (1029, 1030 ; Carreiro). Sta. Maria (1030, a, 1030, d). *A. verticillata X Castellana? Flores (1031, at Coste, 1033, along the Vea). Of the aspect of large specimens of the former and with its broad flat striate slightly scabrous leaves, oblong ligule, and puberu- lent outer glumes, but the inflorescence of more ample and open forms of the latter: empty glumes subequal, twice as long as the flower; palet nearly as long as the floweriug glume, which is erose and sub-biaristulate at top and with a straight dorsal awn of its own length arising shortly below the apex.— Plate 50.—A puzzling plant, agreeing closely with A. Simensis, Hochst. of Abyssinia, which, however, would be an extremely unlikely plant for the westernmost Azores. *A. ALBA, L. Watson 241, (2) 612; Drouet 204.—B. & H. 516. f. 2180. Corvo. Flores (1052). Fayal. Pico (Brown, 306°). San Miguel (1032). Sta. Maria (1033, a). A. ALBA, Var. DENSIFLORA, Guss.?—Parlatore FI]. Ital. 1: 181. Sta. Maria (1033, 6, 10338, c). iL 162 *A. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. A broad-leaved plant with pubescent outer glumes but awnless flowers, otherwise much resembling the supposed hybrid referred to above, and possibly merely a form of the same thing. CasTELLANA, Boiss. & Reut. Willk. & Lange. Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 1: 53. a. With ample pyramidal long exserted panicle, and flowering-glume mostly without dorsal awn. A. vul- garis, Watson 241.— Plate 51. Pico. San Jorge (1053). San Miguel (1055, 1058, 1061; Carreiro, 56). Sta. Maria (1063, @). 6. With a long bent deeply dorsal awn, otherwise like a. ?A. alba, 8. Drouet 204. ?A. stolonifera, Seub. & Hochst. 10. A. Ecklonis, var. longearistata, Hackel, of the herbarium of Ponta Delgada, and ? of Hackel, Cat. Gram. Port. 34.— Plate 52. Corvo (1041). Flores (1048, 1049, 1051). San Miguel (1057, 1060, 1063; Carreiro, 63, 71, 73). c. Like 6, but the flowering glume and sometimes the palet more or less loose-hairy, thus approaching var. pilosa, Coincy, Cl. Pl. Hisp. 2: 27.— Plate 53. Flores (1046, 1047, 1050). Fayal (Brown, 283). Terceira (1054). San Miguel (1062; Carreiro, 53, 57). d. With the culm mostly leafly up to the narrow oblong panicle, the ligule often elongated. Deyeuxia Azorica, Hochst. in Seubert 19; Seub. & Hochst. 10; Watson 241, (2) 612, (3) 893; Drouet 205.— Plate 54. Corvo. Fayal (Brown, 308). Pico. Terceira. San Miguel (Carretro, 18, 54, 65, 77). Sta. Maria (1060, a). e. Passing into d, but usually less than a span high and mostly cespitose. A. Castellana, forma con- tracta, Hackel, of the Ponta Delgada museum. A. pallida, Watson (2) 612, (3) 393; Drouet 205. De- yeuxia caespitosa, Hochst. in Seubert 18; Seub. & Hochst. 10; Watson 241, (2) 612; Drouet 205. — Plate 55. RS SS a, ee eS On eee eS, a ae BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 163 Corvo (1040, 1042, 1043). Flores (1044, 1045). Fayal. Pico. San Miguel (1056, 1059; Carretro, 60, 61, 68). f. Intermediate in habit between d and e, but more rigid, subglaucous, and with the rather short dorsal awn inserted above the middle of the flowering glume ;— approaching var. Hispanica.— Plate 56. Flores (1064, at Coste). A careful examination of the many forms of this polymorphous species, which is the most abundant of the native grasses, makes it almost certain not only that it comprises Agrostis vulgaris and A. pallida of the Azorean lists, but that the reference of the two Deyeuxias of Hochstetter to A. pallida in the Index Kewensis can hardly be maintained. All specimens, especially those of form b, which in aspect resemble A. pallida, differ constantly in the pres- ence of a palet and in the characters of the flowering glume. *GASTRIDIUM AUSTRALE, Beauv. Watson 242, (2) 612; Drouet 205; Seubert 18. G. lendigerum, Seub. & Hochst. 10; Drouet 205.— B. & H. 517. f. 1184. Flores (1034, 1035). Fayal. Pico (Brown, 282). Graciosa (1036, 1037, 1038). San Miguel (1039; Carreiro, 164, a). Sta. Maria (1039, a). *Laaurus ovatus, L. Watson 243, (2) 612; Drouet 206; Seubert 19; Seub. & Hochst. 10.—B. & H. 514. Pehd lie Flores. Fayal (Brown, 284). Terceira (1065 ; Sam- paio). *Hotcus LaNaTus, L. Watson 244, (2) 612; Drouet 204.— B. & H. 522. f. 1198. Corvo (1066, 1067, 1068). Flores. Fayal (Brown, 285, 286). Pico. Graciosa (1069, 1070). Terceira (1071, 1072). San Miguel (1073; Carreiro, 452, a). Sta. Maria (1073, a). *H. rigidus, Hochst. in Seubert 17. pl. 1; Watson 244, (2) 612; Drouet 204; Seub. & Hochst. 10. H. mollis, Seubert 18; ?Drouet 204; Watson (2) 612, (4) 244. Corvo (1074, 1075). Flores (1076, 1077, 1078, 1079). Fayal (Brown, 287). Pico. San Miguel (1080; Carreiro, 743). 164 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. _ ®AIRA CARYOPHYLLEA, L. Watson 243, (2) 612; Drouet 205; Seubert 19; Seub. & Hochst. 10.—B. & H. 520. f. 1198. Flores. Fayal. Pico (Brown, 304). Terceira (1081 ; Sampaio). San Miguel (Carreiro, 57). Sta. Maria (1081, a, 1090, a). The last-named number bears someresemblance to A. Cupaniana, Guss., but as a rule both flowers of a spikelet are awned, whereas in A. Cupaniana one should be awnless. *A. praEcox, L.—B. & H. 520. f. 1192. Sta. Maria (1081, 6). *Deschampsia foliosa, Hack. Cat. Rais. Gram. Portug. (1880), 383. D. argentea, Watson 243, (2) 612; Drouet 206.— Plate 57. Corvo (1082). Flores (1083, 1084, 1085). Terceira (1086). San Miguel (1087; Carretro, 66). Quite distinct from the Madeiran D. argentea, which, for com- parison is figured on Plate 58. *tAVENA BARBATA, Brot. A. hirsuta, Watson 245, (2) 612; Drouet 206 ; Seubert 19; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 1: 68.— Barker- Webb & Berthel. Hist. Nat. Iles Canar. pl. 247. Corvo (1089, 1090). Fayal (Brown, 290). Pico (Brown, 305°). Terceira (Sampaio). San Miguel. Sta. Maria (1090, a, 1090, 0). * 7 ARRHENATHERUM AVENACEUM, Pal. Beauv. Watson 244. Avena elatior, Watson (2) 612. A. elatior, 2. bulbosa, and ;. precatoria, Drouet 206. ?A. brevis, Watson 244, (2) 613. ?A. brevis, var. uniflora, Seubert 19 ; Drouet 206; Seub. & Hochst. 10. ?Arundo brevis, Watson (3) 396.— B. & H. 522. f. 1197. Flores (1091). Fayal (Brown, 288, 289). Terceira (1092; Sampaio). San Miguel (1093; Carreiro). The moniliform bulbous bases render the plant a bad weed in gardens.— Brown, 288 has the nodes glabrous, but all of the other specimens I have seen belong to the form with pubescent nodes. *GAUDINIA FRAGILIS, Beauv.— Corbiére, 663.— Rehb. 1. pl. 90. San Jorge (1088). Sta. Maria (1088, a). ere Se ee ee eee eee ae ee eee i. a BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 165 G. GEMINIFLORA, Gay. Watson 250, (2) 612. Avena geminiflora, Seubert 19; Drouet 206; Seub. & Hochst. 10. Fayal. San Miguel.— Not recently collected, and possibly refer- ring to the preceding. *Cynopon Dactyton, Pers. Watson 240, (2) 611; Drouet 205; Seubert 19; Seub. & Hochst. 10.—B. & H. 523. f. 1200. Fayal (Brown, 278). Terceira (1094, 1095, 1096). San Miguel. Sta. Maria (1096, a). *{ExLeusine Inpica, Gaertn. Watson 240, (2) 611; Drouet 205 ; Seub. & Hochst. 10. — Gray, 656. pl. 9. Flores (1097, 1098). Fayal. Pico (Brown, 279). Terceira (1100). San Miguel (1101; Carreiro). *E. Barcinonensis, Costa. LH. Indica, var. brachystachya, Watson 240. #. Indica, 8. Seubert 19. — Willk. & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 1: 46.— Plate 59. San Jorge (1099, at Calhete). San Miguel. Sta. Maria (1101, a). *ARruNDO Donax, L. Watson 240, (2) 613; Drouet 515; Seubert 19; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Parlatore, FI. Ital. 1: 217.— Host, Gram. Austr. 4. pl. 88. Corvo. Flores. Fayal (Brown, 297). Pico. Terceira. San Miguel. Sta. Maria. Perhaps always escaped, but thoroughly established. *TRIODIA DECUMBENS, Beauv. Watson 246. Danthonia decumbens, Drouet 206.— Parlatore, FI. Ital. 1: 297.— Host, Gram. Austr. 2. pl. 72 (under Poa). San Miguel.— Not collected for many years. *tErRaGrostis MAgor, Host. H. megastachya, Drouet 207.— Gray, 660.— Rehb. 1. pl. 164. Terceira. *tE. minor, Host. HH. poaeoides, Drouet 207. ?Poa Eragrostis, Watson 245, (2) 613.—Gray, 660.— Rehb. 1. pl. 164. Pico. Terceira. San Miguel.— Not recently collected. *KoELERIA PHLEOIDES, Pers. Watson 245, (2) 612; Drouet 207 ; Seubert 20; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Par- latore, Fl. Ital. 1: 330.— Host, Gram. Austr. 3. pl. 21. 166 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Fayal. San Jorge (1102). Terceira (Sampaio). San Miguel ( Carreiro, 93). *Briza Maxima, L. Watson 246, (2) 613; Drouet 207; Seubert 19; Seub. & Hochst. 10. — Rehb. 1. pl. 165. Corvo (1103, 1104). Flores (1105). Fayal (Brown, 291, 292). Pico. Graciosa. Terceira. San Miguel ( Carreiro). Sta. Maria (1105, a). *B. minor, L. Watson 246, (2) 613; Drouet 207; Seu- bert 19; Seub. & Hochst. 10.—B. & H. 535. f. 1231. Corvo (1106, 1107, 1108). Flores (1109). Fayal. Pico ( Brown, 303). Terceira (1110, 1111). San Miguel (1112). Carreiro). Sta. Maria (1112, a, 11126). *CYNOSURUS ECHINATUS, L. Watson 247, (2) 612; Drouet 207 ; Seubert 20; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— B. & H. 534. f. 1229. Fayal. Pico. Terceira. San Miguel (1117). Sta. Maria 1117, a). *C. cristatus, L. Watson 247; Drouet 207.—B. & H. 534. f. 1228. . Pico. San Miguel ( Carretro, 208). Sta. Maria. *Poa annua, L. Watson 245, (2) 613; Drouet 206.— B. & H. 538. f. 1239. Flores (1113). Fayal (Brown, 302). Graciosa (1114). Terceira (1115). San Miguel ( Carreiro). Sta. Maria (1115, a, 1115, b). *P. TRiviaLis, L. Watson 245, (2) 613; Drouet 206.— B. & H. 539. f. 1242. Corvo (1116). Flores. Fayal. Pico (Brown, 307). San Miguel. Sta. Maria (1116, a). *P. praTENsIS, L. Watson 245; Drouet 206.—B. & H. 539. f. 1241. Fayal.— Perhaps referring to the preceding. *Festuca RigipA, Kunth. Poa rigida, Watson 245, (2) 613; Drouet 206 ; Seubert 19; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— B. & H. 538. f. 1237. Fayal. Terceira (1116, a; Sampaio). San Miguel. Dove he ee Le ene ee ae eg Ne —: af *}, *F. *F. BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 167 BROMOIDES, L. Watson 247, (2) 613; Drouet 207; Seubert 20; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Corbiére, 643 (as Vulpia membranacea).— Rehb. 1. pl. 130. Fayal. Pico. Terceira. San Miguel. Myvuros, L.— Corbiére, 644 (as Vulpia).— Rekb. 1. pl. 130. Terceira (Sampaio). scoruRoIDES, Roth.—Corbiére, 644 (as Vulpia ).— Rehb. 1. pl. 130. San Miguel (1118; Carreiro, 59). Sta. Maria (1118, a, 1118, d, 1118, c). Although this is joined to F. Myuros in the Index Kewensis, and both are closely related to F. bromoides, under which all of the Azorean specimens of this group have been reported hereto- fore, it has seemed to me best to separate them on what appear to be good characters, leaving the exact distribution of F. bromoides for further study. gupata, Lowe. Watson 247, (2) 613; Drouet 207. F. glauca, 2. longearistata, Hochst. in Seubert 20; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Plate 60. Corvo? Fayal. Pico. San Miguel ( Carreiro, 10, 64, 221). ; petraea, Guthn. in Seubert 20; Watson 248, (2) 613; Drouet 207; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Plate 61. Corvo (1119). Flores (1120, 1121). Terceira. San Miguel (1122; Carreiro, 24). Sta. Maria (1122, a). *F, giatior, L. Watson 248, (3) 383; Drouet 207.— B. & H. 532. f. 1228. San Miguel (1123). Sta. Maria. *DEMAZERIA LOLIACEA, Nym. Poa loliacea, Watson 246, (2) 613, (3) 396; Drouet 206; Seubert 19; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— B. & H. 538. f. 1238. Fayal. Terceira. San Miguel ( Carreiro, 94). - *tBromus Maprirtensis, L. Watson 248, (2) 613; Drouet 208; Seubert 20.—B. & H. 530. f. 1219. Flores (1131, 1132). Fayal (Brown, 293). San Mi- guel ( Carretro, 123). 168 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. *B. RuBENS, L. Watson 248, (2) 613; Drouet 208; Seu- bert 20; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Parlatore, Fl. Ital. 1: 410.— Sibth. Fl. Graeca. 1. pl. 83. Terceira. San Miguel. *B. riewwis, Roth. B. maximus, Watson 248; Drouet 208.— B. & H. 530. f. 1218. Terceira (Sampaio). San Miguel ( Carreiro, 45). *B. mouuis, L. Watson 248, (2) 613, (3) 393; Drouet 208.— B. & H. 531.— Rehb. 1. pl. 143, Pico. Fayal. San Miguel.— Not recently collected. *B. unioloides, HBK.— Vasey, Grasses of the South, 32. pl. 12.— Plate 62. Graciosa (1129). Terceira (1130).— A South Amer- ican introduction. *BRACHYPODIUM SYLVATICUM, Beauv. Watson 249, (2) 613, (3) 893; Drouet 208.—B. & H. 529. f. 1213. Flores (1124). Fayal. Pico (Brown, 300). San Jorge (1125). Graciosa (1126). Terceira. San Mi- guel (1127, 1128; Carreiro). Sta. Maria (1128, a). *B. DISTACHYUM, Beauv. Watson 249, (2) 613. Triticum ciliatum, Drouet 208; Seubert 20; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Rehb. 1. pl. 129. Pico. Terceira. San Miguel. Sta. Maria. LOLIUM REMOTUM, Hoffm. LZ. arvense, Drouet 208; Watson 250.—Rchb. 1. pl. 110. Sta. Maria.— Perhaps referring to a few-flowered form of the next. *Loutium Gaupini, Parl. Z. multiflorum, Watson 250, (2) 613; Drouet 208; Seubert 20; Seub. & Hochst. 10. PL. Ltalicum, Drouet 208.— Parlatore, Fl. Ital. 1: 5382.— Rehb. 1. pl. 171. Flores (1137, 1142, 1143). Fayal. Pico. Graciosa (1139, 1140). Terceira (Sampaio). Sta. Maria (1140, a, 1140, 8, 1140, c). *L. PERENNE, L. Watson 249, (3) 383; Drouet 208; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— B. & H. 528. f. 1211. Corvo (1138). Flores. Fayal (Brown, 294). Pico. Terceira (1141). San Miguel ( Carreiro, 46, 314, a). RE Er a ee a ee Pe ese Lee ee a ee BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 169 *tL. TEMULENTUM, L.— B. & H. 528. f. 1212. San Miguel ( Carreiro, 131, at Pico dos Bodes). AGROPYRON REPENS, Beauv. Triticum repens, Watson 249, (2) 613; Drouet 208; Seubert 20; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— B. & H. 527. f. 1209. Indefinitely reported by Seubert. Perhaps referring to one of the preceding? *Narpus stricta, L. Watson 250; Drouet 208.—B. & H. 524. f. 1208. San Miguel ( Carreiro, 746). *{HorpDEUM mMURINUM, L. Watson 249, (2) 613; Drouet 208; Seubert 20; Seub. & Hochst. 10.—B. & H. 526, f. 1207. Flores (1133). Fayal (Brown, 295, 296). San Jorge (1134). Graciosa (1135, 1136). Terceira (Sampaio). San Miguel ( Carreiro). Sta. Maria (1136, a). CONIFERAE. *Juniperus brevifolia, Antoine, Kupressineengattungen. 16. pl. 20-22; Watson 224. J. Oxycedrus, var. brevi- folia, Hochst. in Seubert 26; Drouet 196. J. Oxyce- drus, Seub. & Hochst.10; Watson (2) 606, (3) 392. J. sp., Watson (1) 7, 408. Corvo (1137, a). Flores (1138,a, 1139,q@). Fayal (Brown, 309, 310). Pico. San Miguel (1140, a; Car- retro ). Large logs, apparently of this species, occur deeply buried under secondary volcanic debris in the Grotto do Enferno of the great crater known as Sete Cidades. : J. Saprna, L.—Rchb. 11. pl. 536. San Miguel (Carreiro, at Agua do Pao,— perhaps not even truly escaped). Prnus Prnza, L. Seubert 26; Drouet 197; Watson 225, (2) 606; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Rehb. 11. pl. 528-9. Commonly cultivated, and perhaps spreading a little in several islands. Taxus BaccaTA, L. Seubert 26; Drouet 196; Watson 225, (2) 606; Seub. & Hochst. 10.— Rehb. 11. pl. 538. Formerly occurred in workable size on Corvo and Flores, whence it was exported as a source of royal revenue. Now seemingly exterminated. Seg See . ator 7 ve my 170 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Pteridophytes. FILIcEs. *DickxsoniA Cuxcira, L’Her. Watson 250, (2) 614; Drouet 212; Seubert 16; Seubert & Hochst. 9; Milde 173.— Hook. & Bak. 51.— Lowe, Ferns. 8. pl. 39. Flores. Fayal. Pico (Brown, 317). Terceira (1141, 1142). San Miguel (1143; Carreiro). *HYMENOPHYLLUM TUNBRIDGENSE, Sm. Watson 250, (2) 614; Drouet 113; Seubert 16; Seub. & Hochst. 9; Milde 12.— B. & H. 568. f. 1309. Flores (1288, 1289, 1290). Fayal. Pico. Terceira (1291, 1292, 1293). San Miguel (1294, 1295, 1296; Carreiro, 20; Machado, 2). *H. UNILATERALE, Bory. Watson 251; Milde 13. 4H. Wilsoni, Watson (2) 614; Drouet 213.—B. & H. 569. f. 1310. Corvo. Flores. Terceira. San Miguel. *TRICHOMANES speciosuM, Willd. Watson 251, (2) 614; Drouet 213; Seubert 16; Seub. & Hochst. 9; Milde 1l. VT. Hibernicum, Seub. & Hochst. 9.—B. & H. 568. f. 1308. Corvo (1144). Flores (1145). Fayal. Pico. Ter- ceira (1146). San Miguel (1147). DaVALLIA CANARIENSIS, Sm. Watson 251. Trichomanes Canariense, Drouet 213.—Hook. & Bak. 97.— Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 169. pl. 56. A. Evidently an error, the specimens perhaps from Madeira. *CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS, Bernh. Watson 251, (2) 613; Drouet 212; Seubert 16. C. Azorica, Fée. C. fra- gilis, var. Azorica, Moore, Ind. Fil. 282. Aspidium fragile, Seub. & Hochst. 9. Cystea fragilis, Watson (1) 129.—B. & H. 567. f. 1305. Corvo. Flores (1148). Fayal (Brown, 328). Pico. Terceira. San Miguel (1149, 1150).— The variety Canariensis, Milde 152. *ApIANTUM Carin Lus-VENERIS, L. Watson 251, (2) 614, (3) 396; Drouet 210; Seubert 15; Milde 30. A. Afri- 2 OS gE MMT eR Lire LY MEP RO Rp BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 171 canum, Seub. & Hochst. 9. A. Maderense, Seub. & Hochst. 9.—B. & H. 566. f. 1304. Fayal (Brown, 318 — perhaps escaped). Terceira (1151, 1152). San Miguel (1153; Brown, 319; Carreiro). Sta. Maria (1153, a). *PrrRis arauTA, Ait. Watson 251, (2) 614; Drouet 211; Seubert 15; Seub. & Hochst. 9; Milde 44.— Hook. & Bak. 160.— Lowe, Ferns. 8. pl. 41. Flores (1154, 1155, 1156). Fayal (Brown, 332, 333). Pico. Terceira (Abreu). San Miguel (1157, 1158). P. TREMULA, R. Br.— Hook. & Bak. 161.— Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 174. pl. 120. San Miguel (1159).— Escaping in gardens. P. Cretica, L.— Hook. & Bak. 154. San Miguel.— Subspontaneous in gardens. P. sERRULATA, L. f.— Hook. & Bak. 155. San Miguel.— Subspontaneous in gardens. *EUPTERIS AQUILINA, Newman. Pteris aquilina, Wat- son 252, (2) 614; Drouet 210; Seubert 15; Seub. & Hochst. 9.— B. & H. 566. f. 1303. Corvo (1160). Flores (1161—a diseased ? form with very narrow pinnules; the usual form also very common). Fayal (Brown, 334, 335). Pico. Graciosa. Terceira (1162). San Miguel (1163). Sta. Maria. A sterile form with elongated flaccid fronds and remote pinnae cut nearly to the rachis into round-oblong undulate segments, prob- ably belonging here, occurs in damp dark ravines on Flores (1299), Pico (Brown), and Terceira (Sampaio) .— Plate 63. *Lomarra Spicant, Desy. Watson 252. Blechnum Spicant, Drouet 211; Milde 47. B. boreale, Watson (2) 614; Drouet 211; Seubert 15; Seub. & Hochst. 9.— B. & H. 565. f. 1302. Corvo (1164). Flores (1165). Fayal (Brown, 327). Pico. Terceira (1166). San Miguel (1167, 1168, 1169, 1170; Carreiro). Sta. Maria (1170, a). *Woopwarpia Rapicans, Sm. Watson 252, (2) 614; Drouet 212; Seubert 16; Seub. & Hochst. 9; Milde 48.— Hook. & Bak. 188.— Lowe, Brit. Fil. 4. pl. 44. eee ae 172 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Flores (1171). Fayal (Brown, 329). Pico (Brown, 330). Terceira (1172). San Miguel (Brown, 331; Car- retro). Sta. Maria (1172, a). *AspLenIuUM Hemionitis, L. A. palmatum, Watson 252, *A, *A, *A. *A. (2) 613; Drouet 211; Seubert 15; Seub. & Hochst. 9; Milde 59.— Hook. & Bak. 194.— Bot. Mag. 82. pl. 4911. Corvo (1178, 1174). Flores (1175, 1176, 1177). Fayal (Brown, 336, 337). Pico. Terceira (1178; Abreu). San Miguel. | TricHomanEs, L. Seub. & Hochst. 9. A. anceps, Watson 252, (2) 614; Drouet 211; Seubert 15; Seub. & Hochst. 9.— B. & H. 563. f. 1294. Corvo (1179, 1180). Flores (1181). Fayal (Brown, 338, 339, 340). Pico (Brown, 341). Graciosa (1182). Terceira (1183, 1184). San Miguel (1185, 1186, 1187). Sta. Maria (1187, a@).—The variety anceps, forma Azorica of Milde 64. MONANTHEMUM, L. Watson 253, (2) 614; Drouet 211; Seubert 15; Seub. & Hochst. 9; Milde 67.— Hook. & Bak. 197.— Lowe, Brit. Fil. 5. pl. 7. Flores. Fayal. Pico. Terceira (1188). San Miguel (1189, 1190; Brown, 342). MARINUM, L. Watson 253, (2) 614; Drouet 211; Seubert 15; Seub. & Hochst. 9; Milde 70.— B. & H. 563. f. 1298. Corvo (1191, 1192). Flores (1193). Fayal (Brown, 343). Pico (Brown, 344). Graciosa (1194, 1195). Terceira (1196; Sampaio). San Miguel (1197; Carreiro). Sta. Maria (1197, a, 1197, 5). — The forma subpinnata of Moore. LANCEOLATUM, Huds. Watson 253, (2) 614; Drouet 211; Milde 72.— B. & H. 563. f. 1292. Corvo (1278, 1279, 1280). Flores. Fayal (Brown, 347, 349°). San Jorge (1281). Graciosa (1285, a?). San Miguel.— The var. microdon, Moore. *A, *A. *A, BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 173 ADIANTUM-NIGRUM, L. Watson 253, (2) 614; Drouet 211; Seubert 15; Seub. & Hochst. 9; Milde 86.— B. & H. 563. f. 1296. Corvo (1277). Flores. Fayal (Brown, 345, 346). Pico. San Jorge (1282, 1283). Graciosa (1284, 1285). Terceira (1286). San Miguel (1287, 1287, a). Sta. Maria (1287, 6, 1287, ¢). The form nigrum, obtu- sum, of Milde, J. c. Nos. 1282, 1285, 1285, a, 1286, and 1287, a, are variously inter- mediate between this and the preceding species. Fiurx-Foremina, Bernh. Drouet 211. Athyrium Filix- foemina, Watson 254, (2) 614; Milde 51. A. Azoricum, Fée. Allantodia axillaris, and 8. Azorica, Hochst. in Seubert 16; Seub. & Hochst. 9; Watson (2) 614, (3) 396; Drouet 211.—B. & H. 562. f. 1290. Corvo (1264, 1265). Flores (1266, 1268, 1269, 1270). Fayal (Brown, 350, 351, 352, 353). Pico (Brown, 354). Terceira (1271; Sampaio). San Miguel (1273, 1275, 1276; Brown, 355). Sta. Maria (1276, a).— The varieties dissectum, Moore and axillare, Barker-Webb & Berth. UMBROSUM,J.Sm. Athyrium umbrosum, Watson 254; Milde 56. fry Ye Os. TE ee HP ee ie re ie. BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 185 S. squarrosum, Pers. Warnstorf, Hedwigia. 1890: 181; Cardot 72. S. r1igipuM, Sch. Cardot 72. ? S. compactum, Mitten 316. San Miguel. S. cENTRALE, Arn. & Jens. Cardot 72. Corvo (1331). San Miguel (1334, 1335). S. cymBrrotium, Hedw. Mitten 316; Seubert 13; Drouet 214; Cardot 71. Fayal. San Miguel (Machado, 5). S. CYMBIFOLIUM, var. GLAUCESCENS, Warnst. Cardot 71. Terceira (1333). S. CYMBIFOLIUM, var. PALLESCENS, Warnst. Cardot 71. Flores (1332). S. CYMBIFOLIUM, var. FUSCESCENS, Warnst. Cardot 72. Terceira (Daveau). San Miguel (Daveau ). S. cYMBIFOLIUM, var. compactum, Schlieph. & Warnst. Cardot 72. Terceira ( Daveau). (Heparicar).* ANTHOCEROTACEAE. ANTHOCEROS PUNCTATUS, L. Mitten 328; Drouet 217.— Gray, 726. Flores (1312, 1313, 1314). Terceira (1315). San Miguel. Sta. Maria (1315, a, 1315, b). JUNGERMANNIACEAE. FRULLANIA TENERIFFAE, Web. Mitten 324. «s Azores’’ (Godman). F. pmatata, Nees.—Gray, 706. Graciosa (1307). San Miguel (Brown, 364). F. Tamariscr, Nees. Jungermannia* Tamarisci, Watson (2) 616; Drouet 217.— Gray, 706. Corvo (1300). Flores (1301, 1302, 13038, 1304). * Determinations by Professor L. M. Underwood. 186 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Fayal (Brown, 370, 371). San Miguel (1305, 1306). Sta. Maria (1306, a, 1306, 6, 1306, c). LEJEUNEA SERPYLLIFOLIA, Mitten, 323. San Miguel (Machado, 10, a). PORELLA PLATYPHYLLA, Lindb. Jungermannia platyphylla, Watson (2) 616; Drouet 216,.— Gray, 708. pl. 24. Flores (1309). P. Canariensis, (Web. ) Sta. Maria (1309, a). RapuLa comPLanaTA, Dumort. Jungermannia complanata, Watson (2) 616; Drouet 216.— Gray, 708. Flores (1310). R. poHysotopa, Mont. Mitten 322. San Miguel (Godman). R. pALuens, Lindenb., var. minor, Sw. Drouet 216; Seubert 13. San Miguel. SCAPANIA NEMOROSA, Nees. Flores (1308). HERBERTA JUNIPERINA, Spruce. Jungermannia juniperina, Watson (2) 616; Drouet 216, ? Flores (Watson). San Miguel (1328). Bazzanta TRILOBATA, S. F. Gray.— Gray, 710. pl. 24. San Miguel (1311). KAnTIA TRICHOMANIS, S. F. Gray. Calypogeia trichomanis, Mitten 321.— Gray, 713. pl. 24. ‘ «¢ Azores’’ (Godman). CEPHALOZIA BICUSPIDATA, Dumort. Trigonanthus bicus- pidatus, Mitten 318.— Gray, 712. San Miguel. SACCOGYNA VITICULOSA, Dumort. Mitten 320. ‘* Azores’? (Godman). CHILOSCYPHUS POLYANTHOS, Corda.— Gray, 716. San Miguel (1326). C. punorata, Tayl. Jungermannia punctata, Watson (2) 616; Drouet 216. ? Flores. BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 187 PLAGIOCHILA SPINULOSA, Dumort. Mitten 317.—Gray, 717. Fayal. JUNGERMANNIA INFLATA, Huds. Mitten 319.— Gray, 721. pl. 265>: «« Azores ’’ (Godman). NARDIA CRENULATA, Lindb. Solenostoma crenulata, Mit- ten 317.— Gray, 722. pl. 25. Fayal (Brown, 374,— doubtfully of this species). San Miguel. N. nyauina, Carring. Solenostoma hyalina, Mitten 319.— Gray, 722. San Miguel (Godman ). METZGERIACEAE. FossOMBRONIA ANGULOSA, Raddi. Mitten 324. ?Gymno- mitrium erythrorhizum, Bisch. in Seubert 12; Drouet 217; Mitten 317.— Gray, 723. ‘¢ Azores.’? — Sterile specimens probably of this or the next were collected by me on San Miguel (1327). F. pusttya, Dumort. Jungermannia pusilla, Watson (2) 616; Drouet 217.— Gray, 723. pl. 23. Flores (Watson ).. PELLIA EPIPHYLLA, Corda. Mitten 324.—Gray, 724. pl. 23. Flores (Godman ). Riccarpia MuttTiFipa, S. F. Gray. Aneura multifida, Mitten 324.— Gray, 725. Flores (Godman). MARCHANTIACEAE. MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA, L. Mitten 327; Drouet 216.— Gray, 729. pl. 22. San Miguel (1330). M. pateacea, Bertol. Flores (1316). Fayal (Brown, 369). Pico (Brown, 368). Terceira (1317, 1318). San Miguel (1319, oe 188 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 1320, 1321, 1322; Brown, 365, 366, 367). Sta. Maria (1322, a). Lunuvartia Cruciata, Dumort. LZ. vulgaris, Mitten 325; Watson (2) 616; Drouet 216.— Gray, 730. pl. 25. ? Flores (Watson). : CoNOCEPHALUM CONICUM, Wiggers. Feygatella conica, Mit- ten 827; Watson (2) 616; Drouet 216.— Gray, 729. pl, 22. ? Flores (Watson). ASTERELLA AFRICANA, Underwood, nov. nom. Rha- cotheca Azorica, Bisch. in Seubert 12. pl. 14; Mitten 328; Drouet 216. Flores (1323). San Miguel (1324, 1325). Resounta HeMispHaERica, Raddi. Fegatella hemisphae- rica, Watson (2) 616; Drouet 216. ? Flores (Watson). Sta. Maria (1325, a). Algae.* CHARACEAE. NITELLA HYALINA, A. Br.? San Miguel (1397). The absence of mature spores renders it impossible to determine it with certainty. It seems to differ from the ordinary forms of hyalina.— A. CHARA FRAGILIS, Desv. San Miguel (1398). A very unusual form, slender-leaved and not incrusted.— A. These plants occur in considerable abundance at Sete Cidades in the Lagoa Grande. The Chara, which occurs in the bay be- tween the peninsula and the Lagoa Verde, does not extend to a depth of more than 10.5 meters. The smaller and more sparing Nitella lies, in the bay, only along the outer limit of growth of the other species, at a depth of about 10 meters, and extends along the * Determinations and notes on my own collections, by Professor W. G. Farlow, except for Characeae, which are by Dr. T. F. Allen, and Diatomaceae, which are by Professor H. L. Smith. There is no doubt some confusion in names of species not seen by these gentlemen. OO Mee a eee mM ee eee a me _ NE et ae ee Pa NT et BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 189 margin of the Lagoa to the mouth of the Grotto do Inferno, where it is found in water only 3 meters deep, associated with Potamoge- ton and Myriophyllum. It is interesting to observe that although the Lagoa Verde (or Pequena) is connected with the Lagoa Grande by an open channel from the bay where these Characeae occur, neither species has yet been observed in the former lake, by Cap- tain Chaves, to whom this information is due, though the Myrio- phylium is there abundant. On the general characters and the fauna of these lakes, see Barrois, Recherches sur la faune des eaux douces des Agores. Lille. 1896, F LORIDEAE. CORALLINA OFFICINALIS, L. Seubert 11; Drouet 222. JANIA RUBENS, Lamx. Corvo (1400, a, on Padina). Graciosa (1400, on Zonaria ). J. CORNICULATA, Lamx. Seubert 11; Drouet 222. MELOBESIA PUSTULATA, Lamx. Terceira (1402). PEYSSONNELIA SQUAMARIA, Decn. Terceira (1403). ScCHIZYMENIA OBOVATA, J. Ag. Corvo (1408). S. unpuxata, J. Ag. Terceira (1419). Several specimens with cystocarps. They agree well with the descriptions in microscopic structure, and the more perfect speci- mens have the habit shown in pl. iii. of Agardh’s Oefver de Capska arterna of slaegtet Iridaea. The occurrence of this species from the Cape of Good Hope in this region is interesting. HALYMENIA RENIFORMIS, Ag. Seubert 10; Drouet 221. CERAMIUM, sp. Terceira (1404, on Codium tomentosum. ) This small species lining the fronds of Codium tomentosum has much external resemblance to C. codicoia, J. Ag., growing on the same species on the coast of California. The specimens from Terceira had neither tetraspores nor cystocarps. The nodes were completely corticated throughout and the structure of the sterile plant resembles more that of C. rubrum than that of C. codicola. It may perhaps be the alga described by Grunow under the name of C. rubrum var. Liebetruthii, Grun. in Piccone Crociera del Corsaro, p. 55. 190 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. C. ruBrum, Ag. Seubert 9; Drouet 223. Pico. C. piapHanuM, Ag. Seubert 9; Drouet 223. C. scopartum, DC. Drouet 223. Sta. Maria. C. ciuratum, Ag. Seubert 9; Drouet 223. CALLITHAMNION TETRAGONUM, Ag. Seubert 9; Drouet 223. SPERMOTHAMNION TurneERI, Aresch. Callithamnion Turneri, Seubert 9 ; Drouet 223. CENTROCERAS CLAVULATUM, C. Ag. Terceira (1417). POLYSIPHONIA FRUTICULOSA, Spreng. Seubert 9; Drouet 222. Corvo (1405). CHONDRIA TENUISSIMA, Ag. Seubert 10; Drouet 221. Lavrencia optusa, Lamx., var. pYramIpATA, J. Ag. Corvo (1406, 1407). L. prynatiripa, Lamx. Chondria pinnatifida, Seubert 10; Drouet 221. NITOPHYLLUM LACERATUM, Grev. Delesseria lacerata, Seubert 11; Drouet 222. ? Fucus laceratus, Drouet 220. PLocamium cocctngum, Lyngb. Delesseria Plocamium, Seubert 11; Drouet 222. Terceria (1409). CurysyMENIA uvariA, J. Ag. Chondria uvaria, Seubert 10; Drouet 221. RuyopyrmentA Patmertra, Grev. Sphaerococcus Palmetta, Seubert 10; Drouet 221. SPHAEROCOCCUS CoRONOPIFoLIUS, Ag. Fucus coronopi- folius, Drouet 220. GIGARTINA ACICULARIS, Lamx. Sphaerococcus acicularis, Seubert 10; Drouet 221. G. Teepit, Lamx. Sphaerococcus Teedii, Seubert 10; Drouet 221. BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES, 191 PTEROCLADIA CAPILLACEA, Bornet & Thur? Flores (1411). Terceira (1412). Sta. Maria ' (1412, a). A considerable number of specimens was collected. No cysto- carps, however, were present and the determination of sterile plants must be necessarily somewhat uncertain in this case. GELIDIUM FILICINUM, Bory ? Terceira (1413). A small sterile specimen of what may be this species was col- lected. Iam indebted to Dr. Ed. Bornet for an authentic specimen of G. filicinum with which the present plant agrees in general habit, but, in the absence of fruit, the determination must remain uncertain. G. sprnuLosum, J. Ag. Bornet, Mém. Soc. Cherbourg. 28: 272. MSphaerococcus corneus, var. spinulosus, Seubert 10; Drouet 222. Corvo (1414). . SPINULOSUM, Var. OXYACANTHUM, J. Ag. San Miguel (1415). . CARTILAGINEUM, L. Fucus cartilagineus, Drouet 220. Fayal. . CORNEUM, Ag. Sphaerococcus corneus, Drouet 221. G. CORNEUM, var. PINNATUM. WSphaerococcus, Seubert 10; Drouet 221. G. CORNEUM, Var. PULCHELLUM. MSphaerococcus, Seubert 10; Drouet 222. CAULACANTHUS UsTULATUS, Kiitz. Terceira (1416). NEMALION LuUBRICUM, Duby. Terceira (1418). G G G FUCOIDEAE. SarGassuM FissiroLium, Mont. ? 8. vulgare, Seubert 11. ?.S. vulgare, var. tenuifolium, Seubert 11; Drouet 221. ?. stenophyllum, Seubert 11; Drouet 221. Corvo (1423). Terceira (Sampaio). San Miguel (1424). ?Sta. Maria (Drouet, under S. vulgare). Several specimens of Sargassum collected are probably the same as the S. jissifolium (Mert.) Mont. as understood by Piccone in 192 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Crociera del Corsaro, and some others, which is, however, not the S. fissifolium of J. Agardh. The Azorean specimens all belong, with one possible exception, to a single species and resemble forms of S. cymosum in many respects, but the leaves all have well-marked glands. There are but very few bladders and the lower leaves-are frequently forked and in a few cases pinnately divided. Both an- theridia and oogonia are borne in the same receptacles, which are generally closely cymose but in a few places become more loosely branched but not racemose. The main axes are usually some- what compressed and smooth, but in older specimens they become more cylindrical with a few ill-developed spines. The probability is that the specimens might be considered as forms of S. cymosum or S. linifolium, but they do not exactly agree with the types of either species and the name given above may be used temporarily to designate them. S. paccirerum, Ag. Seubert 11; Drouet 221. Fucus natans, Drouet 220. CysTOSEIRA ABROTANIFOLIA, L. Seubert 11; Drouet 221. San Miguel (1422). C. Asres-mArina, Ag. Seubert 11; Drouet 221. Terceira (Sampaio). Fucus vesicutosus, L. ? #'. vesiculosus, var. spiralis, Seubert 11; Drouet 220. Terceira (1421). Sta. Maria. Small specimens, the largest hardly 5 cm. high and without bladders. They may be considered to be the same as the Adriatic form referred to F. Sherardi by authors, considered by some as identical with F, virsoides, J. Ag. and by others as a depauperate form of F. vesiculosus. The specimens collected were attached and can therefore be regarded as belonging to the marine flora of the Azores. F. vesiculosus, var. limitaneus, Mont., of the Canaries, is a still more reduced form of this species. F. ceranorpes, DC. Drouct 220. ASCOPHYLLUM NoDosuM, Le Jol. Fucus nodosus, Seubert 11; Drouet 220; Fayal (Brown). Pico. Terceira (1420). San Mi- guel, Sta. Maria. The specimens collected were not found attached but washed ashore, and came in all probability from a more northern coast. Rn ee a. ee ee eee RO a ek ¥ FE to a gal * BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES 193 PHAEOSPOREAE. ° 4 CoLPOMENIA SINUOSA, Dérb. & Sol. Corvo (1428, with Cladophora, ete. ). CLADOSTEPHUS sponciosus, Ag. Seubert 9; Drouet 222. SPHACELARIA TRIBULOIDES, Menegh. San Miguel (1426, on Sargassum). S. SCOPARIA, Var. PENNATA, Ag. Seubert 9. Havopteris Finicina, Kiitz. Sphacellaria filicina, Seubert 9; Drouet 222. STYPOCAULON scopaRiumM, Kiitz. MSphacelaria scoparia, Seubert 9; Drouet 222. Corvo (1427, with JZaurencia, etc.). Fayal _ (Brown). LEATHESIA DIFFORMIS, Aresch, Sta. Maria (1431, a). Mesoetora LEVEILLEI, Menegh. Corvo (1429, with Colpomenia, etc., 1430, 1431). DICTYOTACEAE. ZONARIA FLAVA, C, Ag. Seubert 11; Drouet* 220. Graciosa (1432), Papina Pavonia, Lamx. Zonaria Pavonia, Seubert 11; Drouet 220. (Corvo (1433). Terceira (Sampaio). Sta Maria. DicryoTaA DICHOTOMA, Lamx. Zonaria dichotoma, Seu- bert 11. ?2Z. dichotoma, var. intricata, Seubert 11; Drouet 220. DIATOMACEAE. LysIGONIUM VARIANS, De Toni. Terceira ( Trelease)*.— The frustules rather larger than common. * These Terceira specimens, except the first, are from the overflow of the street fountains in Angra. 13 194 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. CyYMATOPLEURA TURGIDA, Kiitz. Terceira ( Trelease ). AMPHORA OvaBis, Kiitz. Terceira ( Trelease ). ODONTIDIUM MUTABILE, W. Sm. Terceira ( Trelease). NaVICULA HEMIPTERA, Kiitz. Terceira ( Trelease). N. TABELLARIA, Kiitz. Terceira ( Trelease). N. virivis, Kiitz. Terceira ( Trelease). Professor Smith reports, with these, several other small speci- mens, perhaps N. acuta, N. leptocephala, etc. Moseley, 1. c. 823, mentions one Navicula from San Miguel, and diatoms from the same island are further vaguely mentioned by O’Meara in Dyer, 326, and Archer, 1. c. 328. Synepra Una, Ehr.? Terceira ( Trelease). S. rapians, Kiitz.? Terceira ( Trelease). GOMPHONEMA OLIVACEUM, Kiitz. Terceira ( Trelease). G. TENELLUM, Kiitz. Terceira ( Trelease). TABELLARIA FENESTRATA, Kiitz. Terceira ( Trelease). ZYGNEMACEAE, Sprroeyra, sp. Archer 332, San Miguel. S. tonaata, Kiitz.P Archer 332. San Miguel. S. princers, Cl.? Archer 332. San Miguel. |S Pee. we BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 195 DESMIDIACEAE. STAURASTRUM, sp. Archer 329. San Miguel. S. srrrotatum, Arch. Archer 330, San Miguel. S. TETRACERUM, Ralfs. Archer 330. San Miguel. EUASTRUM ANSATUM, Ralfs. Archer 330. San Miguel. ARTHRODESMUS BIFIDUS, Breb. Archer 329. San Miguel. RHAPHIDIUM POLYMORPHUM, Fresen. Ankistrodesmus falca- tus, Archer 329. San Miguel. CosMARIUM BIOCULATUM, Breb. Archer 330. San Miguel. C. Meneeuinil, Breb. C. crenulatum, Archer 330. San Miguel. C. rrncotum, Ralfs. Archer 330. San Miguel. C. venustuM, Breb. Archer 330. San Miguel. Dispyincrium Tuwairesi, De Ton. Cosmarium Thwaitt- esii, Archer 330. San Miguel. CHLOROPHYCEAE. Pentium pieitus, Breb. Archer 330. San Miguel. Borryococcus Braunu, Kiitz. Moseley 322; Archer 328. ?Chroococcus, Moseley 322, 323. San Miguel (1459, Lagoa das Furnas; 1460, 1461, Sete Cidades).— An abundant water bloom. This species was reported by Archer, J. c., as the most common chlorophyllaceous alga collected by Moseley at the hot springs of Furnas. The general appearance of the colonies and their larger ‘a, 5 a ee ee eee ee - ee ee 196 _ MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. size differ somewhat from the common form of B. Braunii which occurs in the United States. The size of the individual cells, 11-13 » < 7-9 #, however, indicates that the alga should be regarded rather as a coarse form of B. Braunii than a form of B. gigantea, Reinsch, of South Africa, in which the dimensions of the cells are given as considerably larger. Urococcus HookertAnvs, Kiitz. Flores (1458). The specimens here referred to this species form small gelatinous masses which in their microscopic structure bear a considerable resemblance to Hormotila mucigena, Borzi. The average diameter of the cells, not including the gelatinous walls, is 84, The absence of any unstriated mucilaginous stalks, however, points rather to the genus Urococcus, and the present plant agrees so well with an authentic specimen of U. Hookerianus, for which I am indebted to Dr. Ed. Bornet, that, in spite of the color of the cell contents which are deep grass-green rather than red, it can be referred to that species without much doubt. A point of more importance is that the alga of the Azores was collected in salt or, at least, brack- ish water, while the original specimens of U. Hookerianus grew in fresh water. The species has also been reported by Borzi, in Malpighia. 1: 137, as occurring in Sicily, but it is not stated whether in fresh water or marine. JU. Foslieanus, Hansg., Trom- soe Museums Aarsheft. 183 156, agrees with the Azores alga in being marine and having green rather than red cell contents, but differs in having cells which are from 15-25 » in diameter. DicryrospHarRiIuM Exnrenspercianum, Nig. Archer 329. San Miguel. TETRASPORA, sp. Terceira (1434 ).— Fragmentary. TETRAEDRON TETRAGONUM, Hansg. Polyedrium tetrago- num, Archer 329. San Miguel. ScENEDESMUS OBLIQUUS, Kiitz. S. acutus, Archer 329. San Miguel. S. nuuaeatus, Kitz. S. obtusus, Archer 329. San Miguel. S. quapRIcAUDA, Breb. Archer 329. San Miguel. PrpiastruM Boryanum, Menegh., var. GRANULATUM, Br. P. granulatum, Archer, 329. San Miguel. oe. See ie ee ee ee . ee BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 197 P. Terras, Ralfs. Archer 329. P. heptactis, Archer, 329. San Miguel. CopIUM ADHAERENS, C. Ag. Sta. Maria (1435, a). C. romentTosum, Stack. Seubert 10; Drouet 222. Terceira (1435, some of it overgrown by Ce- ramium). Bryopsis penicillata, Suhr, in Seubert 9, p/. 7; Drouet 222; De Toni, Sylloge Algarum, 2: 437. TRENTEPOHLIA AUREA, Mart. Drouet 223. San Miguel (1436, very abundant on the old aque- duct at Pico do Carvao; Machado, 24). T. aBpreTina, Hansg. Sta. Maria (1436, a),— Determined by De Wilde- mann. CLADOPHORA PROLIFERA, Kiitz. Conferva prolifera, Seu- bert 9; Drouet 223. Corvo (1437, associated with Polysiphonia, etc.; 1438, associated with Colpomenia, etc.). Fayal (Brown). C. sp. ?Conferva catenata, Seubert 9; Drouet 223. Flores (1439, 1464, in fresh water). CuartomoreHa, sp. ? Conferva Linum, Seubert 9; Drouet 223, Corvo (1441, with Polysiphonia, etc.). CoNFERVA BOMBYCINA, C. Ag. San Miguel (1440). ULoTHRIX, sp. Terceira (1442, in fresh water). STIGEOCLONIUM, sp. Sta. Maria (1440, a, 1440, d). ENTEROMORPHA COMPRESSA, Grev. Ulva compressa, Seu- bert 10. E. compressa, f. PROLIFERA, Kjellm. Ulva compressa, var. prolifera, Seubert 10; Drouet 222. E. rntestinauis, Lk. Ulva intestinalis, Seubert 10. Sta. Maria (1442, a, in brackish water). ve ee ae ee 198 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. K. INTESTINALIS, var. Sunru. Ulva intestinalis, var. Suhrii, Seubert 10. 4 E. ramutosa, Hook. Ulva ramulosa, Seubert 10; Drouet 222. Corvo (1443, with Polysiphonia, etc., 1444). Unva Lactuca, L. Seubert 10; Drouet 222 Pico. U. Linza, L. Seubert 10; Drouet 222. U. riemwa, C. Ag. Seubert 10; Drouet 222. Flores (1445, a). Fayal ( Brown). BuLBocHaeEteE, 2 sp. Archer 332. San Miguel, OEDOGONIUM CAPILLIFORME, Kiitz., var. AUSTRALE, Wittr. Terceira (1463). Two sterile and undeterminable species of the genus from Corvo (1446), Flores (1447), Terceira (1448), and San Miguel (1449, 1450); and two undetermined species also reported from the last-named island by Archer, p. 382. CoLEocHAETE, Sp. Archer 330. San Miguel. MYXoPpHyYCEAE. DicHorurix Baverianus, Flah. San Miguel (1452). RrvuwaRiA NiTIDA, C. Ag. Flores (1462, at Coste). R. putuata, Berk. San Miguel (1451). ToLyporuHRiIx, sp. Archer 332. San Miguel. NostToc ELLIPSOSPORUM, Rabenh.? Corvo (1453). The specimens were without spores and the species cannot be considered certain. N. verrucosum, Vaucher. Terceira (1453 a, on rocks in running and falling water, in a ribeira, at 1,000 ft. elevation). ANABAENA TORULOSA, Lagerh. Corvo (1455,— mixed with the next). a ee SR et ee ee ee ee a a “so BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 199 NopuuariA Harveyana, Thuret. Corvo (1454). CYLINDROSPERMUM LICHENIFORME, Kiitz. San Miguel (1456). C. magus, Kiitz. San Miguel (1457). PHORMIDIUM LAMINOSUM, Gomont. San Miguel (1457, a, in hot springs). OscILLATORIA FORMOSA, Bory. Sta. Maria (1454, a). O. anmmaLis, Ag.? Phormidium smaragdinum, Archer 337. San Miguel. CuHRoococcus minor. Archer 335. San Miguel. MERISMOPAEDIA, sp. Archer 334. San Miguel. Lichenes.* LICHINEACEAE. Licuina pyamMarEA, Ag.— Leighton, 11. , San Miguel (1466). — Now sometimes known as Pygmaea pumila, OK. CoOLLEMACEAE. Leprocium Bureessi, Mont.?— Leighton, 33. Sta. Maria (1475, a). L. cutorometum, Nyl.?— Leighton, 32. San Miguel (Machado, 49). Sta. Maria (1475, 6, 1486, 5). L. pHYLLocarPUM, (Nyl.), var. DAEDALEUM, Nyl. San Miguel (Machado, 36). L. stmuLATUM, Schaer. San Miguel ( Machado, 47.) Two other, immature, representatives of this genus were col- lected at Sta. Maria (1475, c, 1509, c). * Determinations by Professor T. A. Williams. es ee 200 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Cotuema, sp. Drouet 217. Terceira (1475, — abundant on beanales of Hrio- botrya). San Miguel. STEREOCAULACEAE. STEREOCAULON PASCHALE, Fr. Seubert 12; Drouet 218; Watson (2) 617.— Leighton, 70. Flores? San Miguel. S. SPHAEROPHOROIDES, Tuckerm. Drouet 218. Corvo (1478, a). Flores (1477, 1478). Srenuta Ceratites, Fr. Drouet 219. San Miguel. CLADONIACEAE. CuaponiA ALPESTRIS, L. C’. rangiferina, var. alpestris, Seubert 12; Drouet 217.— Leighton, 66 (under C. sylvatica). San Miguel (1476). C. coccrrera, Hoffm. C. cornucopioides, Drouet 217. Scyphophorus coccineus, Drouet 218.— Leighton, 62. San Miguel. C. peGENERANS, Fckl. Seubert 11; Drouet 217.— Leigh- _ ton, 59. . C. FrouiacEA, Wain., var. convoLtuta, Wain. Scypho- phorus convolutus, Drouet 217. San Miguel. C. eracitis, Hoffm. ?C. rangiferina, var. gracilis, Drouet 217. Cenomyce gracilis, Watson (2) 617; Drouet 217.— Leighton, 58. Flores? San Miguel. C. teportna, Fr. Drouet 217. Pico. C. pyxmpaTa, Fr. Drouet 217. San Miguel. C. pYxIDATA, var. CHLOROPHAEA, Fckl.— Leighton, 57. San Miguel (Brown). BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 201 C. ranairertna, Hoffm. Cenomyce rangiferina, Watson (2) 617.— Leighton, 67. Flores? C. RANGIFORMIS, Hoffm. var. PUNGENS, Wain. C. furcata, var. pungens, Seubert 11; Drouet 217,— Leighton, 53 (as C. pungens). Sta. Maria (1476, a). C. squarrosa, Hoffm.? Stirton 373. ?Scyphophorus caespitosus, Drouet 217.— Leighton, 61. San Miguel. RoccELLACEAE. Roccenia pHycorsis, Ach. Drouet 218; Stirton 373.— Leighton, 74.. San Miguel. R. tincrorta, Ach. Watson (2) 617; Seubert 13; Drouet 218.— Leighton, 73. Corvo (1479, 1480). Flores (1481). San Miguel. R. rucrrormis, Ach. Physcia fuciformis, Drouet 219.— Leighton, 74. San Miguel.— Perhaps referring to one of the preceding? RAMALINACEAE. Evernta pivaricata, Ach. Seubert 13; Drouet 218. E. vunprna, Ach. Chlorea vulpina, Drouet 219, San Miguel. Ramauina caticaris, Fr. Drouet 218.— Leighton, 83. San Miguel. R. cusprpata, Nyl.— Leighton, 89. Corvo (1511). Graciosa (1512). R. rraxtnea, Ach. Watson (2) 617; Drouet 218. Flores? R. poturarra, Ach.— Leighton 87. Flores (1484, 1485). a. ee 202 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. R. scoputorum, Ach. Seubert 13; Drouet 218.— Leigh- ton, 88. San Miguel. R. sus@enicutata, Nyl. San Miguel (1486; Brown). R. tHrausta, Nyl. Drouet 218.— Leighton, 83. Pico. San Miguel. R. vuucanica, Nyl.? Graciosa (Brown). Sta. Maria. (1466, c). USNEACEAE. Usnea BarBATA, Ach. Drouet 218.— Leighton, 75. Pico. San Miguel. U. ceratina, Schaer., var. scasrosa, Ach. ?— Leighton, 77 (under U. barbata). Corvo (1483). U. rioripa, Ach. Drouet 218.— Leighton, 75 (under U. barbata). Pico. U. uirta, Hoffm. Drouet 218.— Leighton, 76 (under U. barbata). Corvo (1482). Pico. U. pricata, Ach. Watson (2) 617; Drouet 219.— Leigh- ton, 76 (under U. barbata). | Flores? Pico. PARMELIACEAE. PARMELIA CAPERATA, Ach. Watson (2) 616; Drouet 219; Stirton 373.— Leighton, 114. Flores (1495). San Miguel. P. tagEvieaTa, Nyl. Watson (2) 616; Drouet 219.— Leighton, 128. Flores? P. otrvacea, Ach. San Miguel ( Machado, 43). P. otrvetorum, Nyl.— Leighton, 121. Sta. Maria (1495, a). BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 203 _ P. perrorata, Ach. Stirton 373.— Leighton, 123. San Miguel. P. perrorata, f, crrata, Nyl.?— Leighton, 124. Flores (1494). P. pertata, Ach. Drouet 219; Stirton 373.— Leighton, 119. San Miguel. Sta. Maria. P. PERLATA, var. cILIATA, Nyl.— Leighton, 120. Flores (1503). P. RETICULATA, Tayl. Watson (2) 616; Drouet 219. Flores? P. revotuta, Nyl.— Leighton, 129 (under P. laevigata). San Miguel (Brown; Machado, 40). Sta. Maria (1503, a). Two undetermined specimens of this genus also respectively from Flores (1514) and San Miguel (Machado, 37). THELOSCHISTES FLAVICANS, Muell.— Leighton, 130 (under Physcia). Flores (1496). Sta. Maria (1496, a). T. parietina, Norm. Parmelia parietina, Seubert 125 Drouet 219.— Leighton, 131 (under Physcia). Fayal (Brown,— passing into f. cinerascens). Gra- ciosa (1497). Sta. Maria (1497, a@).— These probably of the variety ectanea. STICTACEAE. Sticra auRATA, Ach. Drouet 219.— Leighton, 112. Pico. San Miguel (1489; Brown). Sta. Maria (1489, a). S. Damarcornis, Ach. Watson (2) 616; Stirton 373. San Miguel. S. DAMAECORNIS, var. CANARIENSIS, Ach. Seubert 12; Drouet 219; Stirton 373. Flores (1515). Terceira (1493). San Miguel (1494). S. neRBAcEA, Ach. Parmelia herbacea, Watson (2) 616; Drouet 219. Flores? ee eS 204 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. S. putmonaria, Hoffm. 8. pulmonacea, Watson (2) 616; Drouet 219.— Leighton, 111. Flores (1490, 1492). San Miguel (1491). Sta. Maria (1491, a, 1491, 5). S. scrosicutaTa, Ach. Drouet 219.— Leighton, 110. San Miguel. PELTIGERACEAE. NEPHROMIUM LAEVIGATUM, Ach. San Miguel (Machado, 34, 48 —a dark-colored form). Sta. Maria (1486, a, 1509, 6). PELTIGERA HORIZONTALIS, Hoffm. Drouet 219; Peltidea horizontalis, Watson (2) 616.— Leighton, 104, Flores (1516). San Miguel. Sta. Maria. P. potypactyLa, Hoffm.— Leighton, 103. Flores (1487, 1488). PHYSCIACEAE. Puyscia LEUCOMELA, Ach. Parmelia leucomela, Seubert 12; Drouet 219. PP. leucomelas, Watson (2) 617.— Leighton, 138. Flores (1498, 1499). San Miguel (1500; Machado, 40,a). Sta. Maria (1500, a, 1500, d). P. sreiaris, Ach. Drouet 219.— Leighton, 140. Sta. Maria. Pyxine cocors, Nyl. Drouet 220. San Miguel. P. sorepraTA, Fr. San Miguel ( Machado, 35). PLACODEACEAE., PLAcopiIuM FULGENS, DC. San Miguel (Machado, 41). iii aa aie ret eR aN a so, 0! sien gee ha ae plana BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 205 PANNARIACEAE, PANNARIA MOLYBDAEA, Tuckerm. Corvo (1501). Flores (1502). P. puumBea, Delis. ? — Leighton, 154. Flores (1513).— Perhaps merely a form of the last. LECANORACEAE. LECANORA PARELLA, Ach. Flores (1504). Sta. Maria (1504, a). L. stvprusca, var. pistans, Ach. San Miguel (Machado, 43, a). PERTUSARIACEAE. PERTUSARIA, Sp. Flores (1505). LECIDEACEAE. LECIDEA ALBOCAERULESCENS, Schaer.— Leighton, 303. San Miguel (1506, 1507). L. cyanochroa, Stirton, Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 373. San Miguel. BueLLIA MYRIOCARPA, Mudd. (ZRAPHIDACEAE. GRAPHIS, sp. San Miguel (Machado, 39). OpraRAPHA saxicota, Ach., var. PERSOONII, Ach.— Leighton, 403. Flores (1508, — apparently associated with an undetermined species ). VERRUCARIACEAE. NorMANDINA PULCHELLA, Nyl. — Leighton, 440. Flores (1509), Sta. Maria (1509, a). 206 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. PYRENULA MARGINATA, Trey. San Miguel (1510; Brown). ENDocarpon, sp. Flores (1517,— associated with 1484). Fungi.* AGARICACEAE. NAUCORIA SEMIORBICULARIS, Bull.— Sace. Syll. 5: 844. Flores (1525). PSATHYRELLA CRENATA, Lasch. Berkeley. 352.— Sace. Syll. 5: 1134, San Miguel. PHALLACEAE. CLATHRUS CANCELLATUS, Tourn.— Sacc. Syll. 7: 19. San Miguel ( Chaves). _LycorERDACBAE. Bovista prumBeA, P. Berkeley 353.— Sace. Syll. 7: 96. San Miguel. LYCOPERDON HIEMALE, Bull.— Sace. Syll. 7: 115, 480. San Miguel (1527; Brown). SCLERODERMA VERRUCOSUM, P. Sace. Syll. 7: 136. San Miguel (1528; Brown). UREDINACEAE. Uromyces Grrant, Otth. & Wartm.— Sace. Syll. 7: 535. San Miguel (1549, A,— 1. mm. on Geranium rotun- difolium ). U. Limonn, Lév.— Sace. Syll. 7: 532. San Miguel (1549, 7, — ur. mt. on Statice Limo- nium ). * In the determination of these I have been assisted by Messrs. J. B. Ellis, J. B. S. Norton, C. H. Peck, and Professors P. A. Saccardo and Roland Thaxter. ee ee ee eee ne BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 207 U. srriatus, Schroet.— Sacc. Syll. 7: 542. Corvo (1549, g,— 1. on Lotus hispidus). MELAMPSORA AECIDIOIDES, Schroet.— Sacc. Syll. 7: 590. Terceira (1549, d, — 11. on Populus alba). M. HetioscopriaE, Cast.— Sacc. Syll. 7: 586. San Miguel (1549, f,— 1. on EHuphorbia Peplus). M. Hyprricorum, Schroet.— Sacc. Syll. 7: 591. Corvo (1549, e,— 11. on Hypericum foliosum). Puccinia Bux1, DC.—Sace. Syll. 7: 688. San Miguel (1544,— 111. on Buxus sempervirens). P. Hreraci, Mart.— Sace. Syll. 7: 633. San Jorge (1545, a,— 11. on Crepis virens). Gra- ciosa (1546,— 11.0n Taraxacum officinale). Terceira (1545,— 11. on Leontodon hirtus; 1545, 6, —11. 111. on Crepis virens; 1546,a,—u. on Taraxacum offci- nale). San Miguel (1546, 6,—1. on Taraxacum officinale). P. Matvacearum, Mont.— Sacc. Syll. 7: 686. Fayal (Brown, m). Terceira (1547).— Both, 11. on Lavatera Cretica. P. Porri, Wint.— Sace. Syll. 7: 605. Flores (1548,— 111. on Allium Porrum). P. Rupieo-vera, DC.— Sacc. Syll. 7: 624. Flores (1549,— 11. on Holcus lanatus, associated with immature Phyllachora?; 1549, a,— 1. on Agrostis verticillata). Terceira (1549, b,—11. m1. on Agrostis verticillata). P. Soreui, Schwein.— Sacc. Syll. 7: 659. Corvo (1549, c,— 1. m1. on Zea Mays). PHRAGMIDIUM VIOLACEUM, Wint.— Sacc. Syll. 7: 744. Corvo (1537,—1.? m. m.). Flores (1538,—1.). Terceira (1539,— 11.).— All on Rubus rusticanus. CoLEosporIuM Senecionis, Fr.— Sacc. Syll. 7: 751. Terceira (1536,— 11. on Senecio mikanioides). tee nena oa ses a ia aa f CN i a me. ee 208 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. USTILAGINACEAE. Ustivaeo Reriana, Kuehn.— Sacc. Syll. 7: 471. Flores (1540,—on Zea Mays). TILLETIA DECIPIENS, Koern.— Sace. Syll. 7: 482. Flores (1540, 6). San Miguel (1540, c; Car- reiro).— On forms of Agrostis Castellana. ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE. Empusa Muscaz, Cohn ?.— Sacc. Syll. 7: 281. Flores.— On house flies. Though numerous dead flies were observed adhering to the walls as is usual with those attacked by this fungus, my one collection (1540, a) does not show the latter. MUCORACEAE. Ruizorus nigricans, Ehrenb.— Sacc. Syll. 7: 212. Flores (1540, c,— on cooked corn). PERISPORIACEAE. SPHAEROTHECA PANNOSA, Lévy. ? — Sacc. Syll. 1: 3. San Miguel (1543,— conidia only, on cultivated Rosa). ErysIPHe communis, Fr.? —Sacc. Syll. 1: 18. Flores (1542, 1542, a). Sta. Maria (1542, > ).— Ce- nidial stage only, all on Rumex Acetosella. E. tamprocarPaA, Lév., f. NicorranaE ? — Sacc. Syll. 1: 16. Corvo (1542, c,— conidial stage only — Oidium. Tabaci, Thuem.,— on Nicotiana Tabacum ). E. necator, Schw ?— Sacc. Syll. 1: 22. Flores (1541,— conidia only, on berries of culti- vated Vitis vulpina). SPHAERIACEAE. METASPHAERIA NOBILIS, Sacc.— Sacc. Syll. 2: 169. San Miguel (1541, c,— on Viburnum Tinus, var. BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 209 DOTHIDIACEAE. PHYLLACHORA GRAMINIS, Fckl.— Sacc. Syll. 2: 602. Terceira (1541, a, —on Agrostis verticillata). San Miguel (1541, 6, —on A. Castellana). P. rrrrouit, Fckl.— Sacc. Syll. 2: 613. Flores (1549, 7, —on Trifolium glomeratum ; 1549, k,l, m,—on 7. Ligusticum ; 1549, n,— on T. repens). Terceira (1549, 0, —on 7’. repens). Frequently accompanied by the Polythrincium stage. HYSTERIACEAE. LOPHODERMIUM MACULARE, De Not.— Sacc. Syll. 2: 791. Terceira (1535, —on leaves of Persea Azorica). SPOROMEGA, sp. ? San Miguel (1534, — on dead stems and legumes, apparently of cultivated Jupinus). PEZIZACEAE. Prziza CocHLEATA, L. Drouet 223.—Sacc. Syll. 8: 86. San Miguel. HuMaRIA CocciInEA, Sacc. Peziza coccinea, Drouet 223.— Sacc. Syll. 8: 119. San Miguel. HumaRIA, sp. Sta. Maria (1533,— on the ground).— A brown species, perhaps undescribed. SPHAERIOIDACEAE. SEPTORIA PIRICOLA, Desmaz.— Sace. Syll. 3: 487. San Miguel (1531,— on leaves of cultivated Pyrus communis ). , PESTALOZZIA, sp. San Miguel (1531, a, on leaves of Pyrus com- munis, attacked by Septoria piricola). 14 210 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. MELANCONIACEAR, MELANCONIUM SPHAEROSPERMUM, Lk.— Sace. Syll. 3: 759. Flores (1532, — on dead stems of Arundo Donaz). MUCEDINACEAE. PENICILLIUM GLAUcUM, Lk. —Sacc. Syll. 4: 78. Flores (1531, 6,— on decaying fruit). OVULARIA SPHAEROIDEA, Sacc.— Sacc. Syll. 4: 140. Flores (1530, a). Terceira (1530, 6).— On leaves of Lotus uliginosus. Cercospora Apii, Fres.?— Sacc. Syll. 4: 442. Flores (1529, 1530, — on Apium graveolens). C. pupta, Wint.— Sacc. Syll. 4: 456. Terceira (1528, — on Chenopodium ambrosioides ). PRINCIPAL WORKS DEALING CHIEFLY WITH THE BOTANY OF THE AZORES. ARCHER, W. Notes on some collections made from Furnas lake, Azores, containing algae and a few other organisms. Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 328-340.— Cited as ARCHER. . BERKELEY, M. Enumeration of the fungi collected during the expedi- tion of H. M. 8. Challenger, Feb.-Aug. 1878. Journ. Linn, Soc., Bot. 14: 350-354. (The Azores, pp. 352-8).— Cited as BERKELEY. Carpot, J. The mosses of the Azores, Rept. Mo. Bot. Garden. 8: 51-72. pl. 1-11.— Cited as Carport. DyEr, W. T. T. Notes on the foregoing communication [Moseley]. Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 326-7, Drovet, H. Catalogue de la flore des Iles Acores. Mém. Soc. Acad. Aube. 8: 81-233. 1866.— Cited as Drovurr. Forster, G. Plantae atlanticae ex insulis Madeira, St. Jacobi, Adscen- sionis, St. Helenae, et Fayal reportatae. Comment. Goetting. 9: 13-74. 1787.* —— Herbarium australe, seu catalogs plantarum exsiccatarum ex insulis Madeira, St. Jacobi, Adscensionis, St. Helenae et Fayal reportavit. Goettingae. 1797.* Gopman, F. pu C. Natural history of the Azores, or Western Islands. London. 1870.— Contains papers by MITTEN and Watson. * * * Not consulted in the preparation of this paper. BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 211 Hackkt, E. Catalogue raisonné des graminées du Portugal. Coimbre. 1880.— Appendice, description d’une nouvelle graminée des Agores, pp. 33-4. HrEr, 0. On the probable origin of the organized beings now living in the Azores, Madeira, and the Canaries. Annals & Mag. of Nat. Hist. ii. 18: 183-5; Amer. Journ. Sci. & Arts. ii. 28: 130-2.— From Bibliothéque Univ. de Genéve. Apr. 1856. 327. The truly endemic flora is held to date from Tertiary times, when the Atlantic plateau is thought to have connected the several groups of islands together and also on the one hand with Europe and on the other with North America. : Hemsiey, W. B. The voyage of H. M. 8. Challenger. Botany. 1.— In- trod.: 27, 28, 80, 33.— Pt. 1: 12, 40. ——, Insular Floras, part 38. Science Progress. 2: 393, 1895. HocusTETTER, C.— See SEUBERT & HOCHSTETTER, Hooker, J. D. Contributions to the botany of the expedition of H. M. S. Challenger. Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14.— Papers by Mosr- LEY, ARCHER, and others. Hunt, T. C. Description of the islands of Santa Maria and San Miguel. Journ. Geogr. Soc. London. 153 258-282." Masson, F. An account of the island of San Miguel. Philos. Trans. 68. pt. 2: 601-610. 1778.* MITTEN, W. Musci. Godman’s Nat. Hist. of the Azores. 288-316. Hepaticae. J. c. 316-328.— Cited as MITTEN. —— Contributions to the cryptogamic flora of the Atlantic islands. Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 1-10.— Cited as MITTEN (2). MosELEy, H. N. Notes on fresh water algae obtained at the boiling springs at Furnas, St. Michael’s, Azores, and their neighbourhood. _ Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 321-5.— Cited as MosELrEy. SauER, F. Catalogues plantarum in Canariensibus insulis sponte et subsponte crescentium. Halis Saxonium. 1880.— Azorean species are noted in the geographical tabulation. SEeuBERT, M. Flora azorica, Bonnae. 1844.— Cited as SEUBERT. SEUBERT, M., & C. HocasTETTER. Uebersicht der Flora der azorischen Inseln, Archiv.f. Naturgesch. 9.— Cited as Srus. & Hocusrt. Stirton, J. Enumeration of the lichens collected by H. N. Moseley, M. A., naturalist to H. M.S. Challenger, in the islands of the Atlantic ocean. Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 366-3875. (The Azores, p. 873).— Cited as STIRTON. Watson, H. C. Notes of a botanical tour in the Western Azores. Hooker’s Lond. Journ. Bot. 2: 1-9, 125-131, 394-408. Cited as WaTSON (1). —— Notes on the botany of the Azores. J. c¢. 3: 582-617.— Cited as WatTSON (2). —— Supplementary notes on the botany of the Azores, J. c. 6: 380-397.— Cited as WATSON (3). — Botany of the Azores. Godman’s Natural History of the Azores or Western Islands. 113-288.— Cited as WATSON. 212 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE CATALOGUE IN AN ABBREVIATED FORM FOR DESCRIPTIONS OR ILLUSTRATIONS. BreNnTHaM, G. Handbook of the British flora, 5 ed. revised by Sir J. D. Hooker. London. 1887.— Cited as B. & H.— See Fircn & SMITH. Borssier, E. Flora orientalis. Basileae & Genevae. 1867-1887.— Cited as Boiss. Fi. Or. CorsiarE, L. Nouvelle flore de Normandie. Caen & Paris. 1894.— Cited as CORBIRRE. Fitcu, W. H., & W.G. Smirx. Illustrations of the British flora, 2 ed. London. 1887.— The figures are cited as B. & H. Gray, A. Manual of the botany of the northern United States, 6 ed. revised by Sereno Watson and J. M. Coulter. N. Y. & Chicago. 1890.— Cited as Gray. LEIGHTON, W. A. The lichen-flora of Great Britain, etc. 3 ed. Shrews- bury. 1879.— Cited as Le1GHTon. : Lows, R.T. A manual flora of Madeira. London. 1868. 1 and 2, 1.— Cited as Lowk. MILDE, J. Filices Europae et Atlantidis. Lipsiae. 1867.—Cited as MILDE. REICHENBACH, L., & H. G. Icones florae germanicae et helveticae. Lipsiae. 1850 - date. Cited as Rcns. Saccarpo, P. A. Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum. Patavii. 1882 - date. Sturm, J. Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen, Niirnberg. 1798-1844.— Cited as StuRM. EXPLANATION OF PLATES ILLUSTRATING AZOREAN PLANTS. The plates were drawn by Miss Grace E. Johnson, under supervision of the author. Most of the enlarged details are after studies by Mr. J. B. S. Norton. The inten- tion has been, where possible, to figure each species not yet figured or the illustrations of which are not readily accessible. Plate 12. Ranunculus megaphylius,— fruiting specimen, reduced one- half; part of head of fruit, 2; achenium, 5. Plate 13. Fumaria Bastardi,— 1, plant, reduced one-half; 2, fruiting branch, natural size; 3, fruit, 5. F. officinalis,— 4, fruit, 5. F. densiflora,— 5, branch, natural size. Plate 14. Cardamine caldeirarum,— flowering and fruiting speci- mens, natural size; capsule, < 2; seed and section, < 18. Plate 15. Cardamine caldeirarum,—large, divided leaved form, re- duced one-half. os. ee ae ee ee 1‘ _e oe ee ay ny Std BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE AZORES. 913 Plate 16. Cardamine caldeirarum, var. amplifolia,—habit, reduced one-half; dehiscent capsule, natural size. Plate 17. Rapistrum rugosum,—1, Continental form; 2, Azorean form — fruit, x5. HR. perenne,— 3, fruit, x 5. R. Orientale,— 4, fruit, X 5. Raphanus landra,— 5, Continental form, natural size. R. Rapha- nistrum,— 6, 7, two forms of fruit, natural size, with fertile segments, > Bi Plate 18. Spergularia macrorhiza,— habit, natural size; root reduced one-half, Plate 19. Hypericum foliosum,— flowering and fruiting branches, natural size. Plate 20. Hypericum Hlodes,— habit, natural size. Plate 21. Ilex Perado,— two forms of foliage, reduced one-half; fruit» natural size. Plate 22. Potentilla procumbens,— habit, reduced one-half; achenium, enlarged. Plate 23. Ammi Huntii,— habit, reduced one-half; fruit and section, enlarged. Plate 24, Ammi Seubertianum,— habit, reduced one-half. Plate 25. Ammi trifoliatum,— habit, reduced one-half. Plate 26. Chaerophyllum Azoricum,— habit, reduced one-half; part of leaf, natural size. Plate 27. Hedera Canariensis,— natural size. Plate 28. Viburnum Tinus, var. subcordatum,— branch with immature fruit, natural size. Plate 29. Scabiosa nitens,— habit, reduced one-half; leaf, natural size; flower, < 2. Plate 30. Anthemis nobilis, var. aurea,— habit, reduced one-half; section of head, < 2; bracts, « 5; floral and achenial details, & 10. Plate 31. Chrysanthemum Myconis?,— habit, reduced one-half; floral and achenial details, 5.— From no. 449. Plate 32. Senecio mikanioides, — habit and inflorescence, natural size. Plate 33. Tolpis nobilis, var. petiolaris,— habit, reduced one-half; achenium, * 5.— From no. 471. Plate 34. Tolpis nobilis, reduced form,— 1, habit, reduced one-half ,— from no. 472. T. nobilis, toward T. fruticosa, —2, reduced one-half,— from no, 481, d. T. fruticosa, aberrant form, — 3, reduced one-half,— from no. 480. Plate 35. Tolpis fruticosa,— habit, reduced one-half; achenium, enlarged. Plate 36. Tolpis fruticosa, pectinate form, — habit, reduced one-half. Plate 37. Leontodon hirtus, — habit, reduced one-half; achenia, enlarged. Plate 38. Leontodon hirtus?,— habit, reduced one-half; achenia, enlarged.— From no. 496. Plate 39. Lactuca Watsoniana,—leaves and inflorescence, reduced one- half; section of young flower head, slightly enlarged. Plate 40. Vaccinium cylindraceum, — natural size. 214 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Plate 41. Myosotis maritima,— habit, natural size; flower and achenia, x 12. Plate 42. Ipomoea carnosa,— natural size. Plate 43. Solanum Pseudocapsicum,— natural size. Plate 44. Physalis Peruviana, reduced one-half. Plate 45. Polygonum serrulatum, habit, reduced one-half; portion of inflorescence, natural size; achenia, < 8. Plate 46. Euphorbia Stygiana,— leaf and fruiting inflorescence, natural size; seed, X 4. Plate 47. Huphorbia Azorica,— sterile and fertile shoots, natural size; usual and aberrant involucral glands, enlarged; seed, x 6. Plate 48. Carex Azorica,— habit, reduced one-half; bract, perigynium, and achenium, < 10. Plate 49. Carex macrostylon, var. peregrina,— habit, reduced one- half; bract and perigynium, X 6. Plate 50. Agrostis verticillata Castellana?, — habit, reduced one- half; floral details, & 12. Plate 51. Agrostis Castellana, a,— habit, reduced one-half; floral de- tails, & 12. Plate 52. Agrostis Castellana, b,— habit, reduced one-half; flowering giume and palet, enlarged. Plate 53. Agrostis Castellana, c,— habit, reduced one-half; floral de- tails, 12. Plate 54. Agrostis Castellana, d,— habit, reduced one-half; floral de- tails, x 12: Plate 55. Agrostis Castellana, e,— habit, natural size; floral details, 12. Plate 56. Agrostis Castellana, f,— habit, reduced one-half; floral de- tails, X 12. Plate 57. Deschampsia foliosa,— habit, natural size; spikelet, « 5; flower, X 10. Plate 58. Deschampsia argentea,— habit, reduced one-half; spikelet, 5; flower, < 10. Plate 59. Hleusine Barcinonensis,— habit, reduced one-half; inflores- cence, natural size; spikelet and details, enlarged. Plate 60. Festuca jubata,— habit, reduced one-half; spikelet and details, RR AY “ SQA \\ SW SUA Mees sins : or PSs x SS ta, y 3 foes | | ALU 2 a ne xy CHAEROPHYLLUM AZORICUM. REPT. Mo. Bot. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 27. HEDERA CANARIENSIS., PLATE 28. GARD., VOL. 8. Rept. Mo, Bor. VIBURNUM TINUS, VAR. SUBCORDATUM. PLATE 29, REPT. MO. Bor. GARD., VOL. 8. SCABIOSA NITENS. REPT. MoO. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 30. ANTHEMIS NOBILIS, VAR. AUREA, TeEPT. MO. BOT. GARD., VOL. & PLATE 31. CHRYSANTHEMUM MYCONIS? PLATE 32. REPT. MoO. Bor. GARD., VOL. 8. MIKANIOIDES. ENECIO 8 REPT. MO. BOT. GARD., VOL, 8. PLATE 33. TOLPIS NOBILIS, VAR. PETIOLARIS. REPT. MO. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 34. TOLPIS. REPT. Mo. Bot. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 35, TOLPIS FRUTICOSA., TOLPIS FRUTICOSA. PLATE 37. Mo. BoT. GARD., VOL. 8. RNEPr. LEONTODON HIRTUS. PLATE 38. VOL. 8. Mo. Bor. GARD., REPT. HIRTUS? LEONTODON PLATE 39, GARD., VOL. &. REPT. Mo, Bor. LACTUCA WATSONIANA., REPT, Mo, BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. : PLATE 40. VACCINIUM CYLINDRACEUM. Rept. Mo. Bot, GARD., VOL. &. PLATE 41, MYOSOTIS MARITIMA. REPT. MO. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 42, IPOMOEA CARNOSA. PLATE 43. SOLANUM PSEUDOCAPSICUM. Repr. Mo. BOT, GARD., VOL. 8. REPT. MO. BOT. GARD , VOL. 8. PLATE 44, PHYSALIS PERUVIANA. REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 45, POLYGONUM SERRULATUM. REPT. MO. Bor. GARD., VOL. 8 PLATE 46. EUPHORBIA STYGIANA. REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 47. EUPHORBIA AZORICA. PLATE 48, Rept. Mo. Bor, Garp., Vor, 8. CAREX AZORICA, Rept. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 49. CAREX MACROSTYLA, VAR, PEREGRINA. Rept. Mo. Bor. GARpD., VOL. 8. PLATE 59, AGROSTIS VERTICILLATA x CASTELLANA? REPT. MoO. BoT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 51. — SSF \ 4 Gta 5s ; 5 f FFI Se) AGROSTIS CASTELLANA, a. REPT. MoO. Bor. GARD., VOL. & PLATE 52, AGROSTIS CASTELLANA, b. REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 53. AGROSTIS CASTELLANA, c., PLATE 54. REPT. Mo. BoT. GARD., VOL. 8. CASTELLANA, d. AGROSTIS REPT, Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 55. AGROSTIS CASTELLANA, e. REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 56. AGROSTIS CASTELLANA, /. REPT. Mo. Bor. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE. 57, DESCHAMPSIA FOLIOSA, Rept. Mo. Bor, Garp., Vou. 8 PLATE 59, ELEUSINE BARCINONENSIS, 69. T. Mo. Bor. GARD., VOL. 8 FESTUCA JUBATA. REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. 8. PLATE 61. FESTUCA PETRAEA. PLATE 62. REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. & BROMUS UNIOLOIDES. PLATE 63. Rept. Mo. Bot. GARD., VOL. 8. EUPTERIS AQUILINA. REPT. Mo. Bot. GARD., VOL, 8. PLATE 64, OPHIOGLOSSUM VULGATUM, VAR. POLYPHYLLUM. REPT. Mo. BOT. GARD., VOL. & PLATE 65. LYCOPODIUM SELAGO, VAR. SUBEREC'TUM. PLATE 66, REPT. Mo. BoT. GARD., VOL. 8. ISOETES AZORICA. LIBRARY CONTRIBUTIONS. A LIST OF BOOKS AND PAPERS PUBLISHED FROM THE MIS- SOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN OR BY ITS EMPLOYEES, OR BASED CHIEFLY ON WORK DONE BY AID OF THE FACILI. TIES OF THE GARDEN, FROM SEPTEMBER, 1889, TO DECEM- BER, 1896, INCLUSIVE. BY WILLIAM TRELEASE, Acloque, A.— See W. TRELEasE, revision of Gayophytum 2 10. 11. and Boisduvalia. Bay, J. C.—Zwei Briefe von F. Ph. von Martius. Deutsche Bot. Monatsschrift. 10: 144-8. 1892. Materials for a monograph on inuline. Trans. Acad. St. Louis. 6: 151-9. 1893. The plant cell and its organs. Bot. Gaz. 18: 103-5. 1893. Nutrition of insectivorous plants. Bot. Gaz. 18: 105-6. 1893. Yeast fungi. Bot. Gaz. 18: 139. 1893. Soluble pentoses in plants. Bot. Gaz. 18: 139- 140. 1893. On the vegetations of hot springs. Bot. Gaz. 18: 187-9. 1893. . —— The bibliography of American botany. Bot. Gaz. 18: 279-280. 1893. . —— The plant and its relation toiron. Bot. Gaz. 18: 311-2. 1893. Latent irritability. Bot.Gaz. 18: 312-3. 1893. — The Botanic Annual. Bot. Gaz. 18: 471-2. 1893. (221) 222 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 12. Physiological contributions from Missouri Botan - ical Garden. 1. The plant cell. Science. 21: 162. 1893. 13. —— What is biology? Science. 21: 275. 1893. A plea, for a fair valuation of experimental phy- siology in biological courses. Science. 22: 21-2. 1893, Loew’s natural system of the actions of poisons. Science. 22: 93-4. 1893. — Bibliographic work in vegetable physiology. Sci- ence. 22: 3845-6. 1893. Wie verhalten sich die Bewegungserscheinungen im Pflanzenreiche zu denen im Thierreiche? Biolog. Centralblatt. 18: 37-8. 1893. Physiologische Fragmente aus Missouri Botanical Garden. 1. Kompasspflanzen. Deutsche Bot. Monats- schrift. 11: 1-14. 1893. The spore-forming species of the genus Saccharo- myces. Amer. Naturalist. 27: 685-696. 1893. Material for a monograph on the tannoids, with special reference to vegetable physiology. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5: 62-87. 1894. Reliquiae Schimperianae. Deutsche Bot. Monats- schrift. 12: 101-6. 1894. Bay, J. C.— See W. Trerease, The Sturtevant library. 23. Bush, B. F. Notes on a list of plants collected in southeastern Missouri in 1893. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5: 139-153. 1894. Notes on the mound flora of Atchison County, Missouri. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 121-134. 1895. Cunningham, A. D.—SeeR. J. Lackyianp, Report of the officers of the Board. 25. Dimmock, T. Henry Shaw. A biographical sketch. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 7-25. 1890. 26. Dudley, T. U. Fourth annual flower sermon. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5: 23-37. 1894. 19. 20. 21. 22. 24, 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 41. PUBLICATIONS OF GARDEN 223 Duffey, J. C. Insecticides and fungicides. Rept. Mo. Hort. Soc. 34 : 178-186. 2 pl. 1891. Transformations of a Carabid (Plochionus tim- tdus), and observations on a Coccinellid enemy of the red spider. Trans. Acad. St. Louis. 5: 533-542. pl. 10-11. —— [St. Louis correspondence]. American Florist. 14 Ap -17 N 1892. (No notes appeared in the issues for 12, 19, 26 My, 22 Je, 1, 29S, and 27 O). Erwin, A. T. Lawns. Colman’s Rural World. 48: 163. 23 My 1895. Glatfelter, N. M. A study of the venation of the species of Salix described in Gray’s Manual, with reference to their determination. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5: 46-60. pl. J-3. 1894. Salix Wardii. Science. n. s. 2: 582-4. 1895. Relations of Salix Missouriensis to S. cor- data. Trans. Acad. St. Louis. 7: 137-144. 3 pl. 1896. Salix cordata x sericea. Bot. Gaz. 22: 392- 400. 1896. Gurney, J. Old and neglected plants worthy of more general use in outdoor decorations. Florists’ Exchange. 5: 719.— Proc. Soc. Amer. Florists. 9: 80-2. 1893. Plants to grow near radiator. Gardening. 3: 116. 1 Ja 1895. How to grow cactus. Gardening. 4: 359-60. 15 Ag 1896. Hitchcock, A. S. Glandular pubescence in Aster patens. Bot. Gaz. 15: 97-8. 1890. A visit to the West Indies. Bot. Gaz. 16: 130- 243. -1891. List of plants collected in the Bahamas, Jamaica and Grand Cayman. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 47-179. pl. 41-14. 1893. 224 42. 43. 44, 45, 46. 47. 48. 49. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Horsford, F. H. Some early native flowers. Gard. & Forest. 4: 199-200. 1891. Transplanting hardy ferns. Gard. & Forest. 4: 201. 1891. Notes from the Missouri Botanical Garden. Gard. & Forest. 4: 225. 1891. Wild flowers around St. Louis. Gard. & Forest. 4: 260-1. 1891. Notes from the St. Louis Botanical Gardens. Gard. & Forest. 4: 284. 1891. Bristol Pond bog. Gard, & Forest. 4: 290-1. 1891. —— Notes on American wild flowers. Gard. & Forest. 4: 309. 1891. Some native plants. Gard. & Forest. 4: 356.1891. Hutchings, C. E.—See W. Treease, The Sturtevant 50. 51. 53. D4. D5. 56. 57. 58. library. Irish, H. C. The best shrubs and herbaceous plants for hardiness, abundance and succession of bloom, in a farmer’s lawn. Rept. Mo. Hort. Soc. 38: 279- 285. 1895. Forcing cauliflower with lettuce and cucumbers. Proc. Soc. Prom. Ag. Sci. 17: 41-7. 1896. Lackland, R. J. Report of the officers of the Board. Repts. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 7-12. 1891. 8: 7-10. 1892. 4: 7-10. 18938. 5: 7-10. 1894. 6: 7-10. 1895. 7: 7-11. 1896. Manu, C. Third annual flower sermon. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 23-35. 1893. Mische, E. The Linarias. Gard. & Forest. 7: 438. 1894. Orchid notes. Gard. & Forest. 8: 106-7. 1896. Notes from the Missouri Botanical Garden. Gard. & Forest. 8: 497. 1895. Mulford, A. I. A study of the Agavesof the United States. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 7: 47-100. pl. 26- 63. 1896. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. PUBLICATIONS OF GARDEN. 225 Norton, J. B. S. A study of the Kansas Ustila- gineae, especially with regard to their germination. Trans. Acad. St. Louis. 7: 229-241. pl. 25-9. 1896. Reed, E. M. Colorado wild flowers. The Common- wealth [Denver]. 2: 752-7. Ap 1890. Forming an herbarium. Harper’s Young Peo- ple. 29 Ag 1893. Riggle, H. Propagation of orchard trees. Rept. Mo. Hort. Soc. 837: 120-125. 1894.—Colman’s Rural World. 48:11. 1895. Riley, ©. V. The Yucca moth and Yucca pollina- tion. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 99-158. pl. 34-43. 1892. Rogers, H. W. The value of a study of botany. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 7: 113-122. 1896, Salomonsen, C. J.—See W. Trexase, Bacteriological 65. 66. 67. 72. technology. Schuyler, M. Second annual flower sermon. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 38: 21-35. 1892. Smith, J. G. Recent studies of carnivorous plants. Am. Naturalist. 27: 413-420. 1893. A revision of the North American species of Sagittaria and Lophotocarpus. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 27-64. pl. 1-29. 1895. Notes and observations on new or little known species. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 113-9. pl. 48- 56. 1895. . Thompson, C.H. A troublesome weed (Convolvulus arvensis ). Amer. Florist. 11: 102. 1895. ‘¢ Fatal Violets.’’ Amer. Florist. 11: 307-8. 1895. _ —— The recent tornado at St. Louis. Bot. Gaz. 22: 79.— Gard. and Forest. 9: 260.— See also Gar- deners’ Chron. iii. 20: 42. 1896. The ligulate Wolffias of the United States. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 7: 101-111. pl. G4-G. 1896. 15 226 73. 74. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Trelease, W. Bacteriological technology for physi- cians. Dr. C. J. Solomonsen. Authorized translation from the second revised Danish edition. Wood’s Med. & Surg. Monographs. 4: 439-597. 72 7. 1889.—Also separately issued. 162 pp. 72 f. New York. 1890. Annual report of the Director. Repts. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 91-102. 1890. 2: 13-34. 1891. $3: 11- 20. 1892. 4: 11-21. 18938. 5: 11-22. 1894. 6: 11-26. 1895. 7: 12-24. 1896. - —— Anew Epilobium. Zoe. 1: 210-211, 1890. Inaugural address. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 63-83. 1890.— Reprint from a pamphlet issued by Washington University in 1885. Report on the School of Botany. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 84-90. 1890. Ilex longipes. Gard. & Forest. 3: 344. J. 46. 1890. A revision of the American species of Epilobium occurring north of Mexico. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 69-117. pl. 1-48. 1891. A revision of the American species of Rumex occurring north of Mexico. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 74-98. pl. 138-33. 1892. Detail illustrations of Yucca. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 159-166. pl. 1-12, 44-54, 1892. Agave Engelmanni. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 167-8. pl. 55-6. 1892. —— Missouri Botanical Garden. 1893.— A handbook. 10 pp., map, and J2 pl. St. Louis. Technical horticultural education. Florists’ Ex- change. 5: 748-9. 1893. Further studies of Yuccas and their pollination. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 181-226. pl. 1-10, 15-23. 1893. A nematode disease of the carnation. Rept. Am. Carn. Soc. 1894. 50-54, 7. — Amer. Florist. 9: 680~1. J.— Florists’ Exch. 6: 248. 1894. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. PUBLICATIONS OF GARDEN. 227 The sugar maples, with a winter synopsis of all North American maples. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5: 88-106. pl. 4-16. 1894. Revision of the North American species of Gayophytum and Boisduvalia. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6B: 107-122. pl. 17-26. 1894.— French transl. by Acloque. Monde des Plantes. 4: 126-7, 142-6, 177- 182, 187-8. f. 1894. Separate in Les Onothéracées ou Onagracées, 3: 91-104. 1895. Notes and observations:—1, Pachira sp.; 2, Crassula quadrifida; 3, Cotyledon orbiculata; 4, Cucumis Melo Dudaim; 5, Tillandsia utriculata; 6, Agave parviflora ; 7, Yucca Guatemalensis. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5: 154-166. pl. 27-32. 1894. Lettres 4 M. E. Gadeceau sur les Platanus. Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. de lOuest de la France. 5: 35-6. 1895. Missouri Botanical Garden. Science. n.s.1: 716- 7.— Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 22: 329-33 .— Amer. Na- turalist. 29: 668-670. 1895.— A circular concerning facilities for research. Leitneria Floridana. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 65-90. pl. 30-44. 1895. Dendrobium nobile Burfordiense. Amer. Florist. 11: 1024-5. f. 1896. | Catasetum Gnomus. Amer. Florist. 12: 292-3. f. 1896. | Juglandaceae of the United States. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 7: 25-46. pl. 1-25. 1896. Botanical opportunity. Science. n.s. 4: 367- 382.— Bot. Gaz. 22: 193-217.— Botanical Society of America. Address of the retiring president. 24 pp. 1896. [Curious silk tapestry from the ceiling of a corn-storing loft in Mexico]. Science. n. s. 3: 252.— Canad. Entomol. 28: 61.— Amer. Naturalist. 30: 258-9.— See also Johnson, Amer. Miller. 1 Ap 1896: 228 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. MISSOUKI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 271; and Rept. Ill. State Entomologist. 19. Appen- dix: 65. 1896. Derivation of Mastacanthus. Amer. Florist. 1896. 291-2. The Sturtevant prelinnean library. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 7: 123-209. 1896. The preliminary work on this catalogue was done by J. C. Bay, and the greater part of the final preparation of manuscript, proof- reading, and verification was done by C. E. Hutchings. [Secretary’s abstracts of proceedings of the Academy of Science of St. Louis.] Science, through 1896. Tuttie, D. S. First annual flower sermon. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 103-111. 1890. Webber, H. J. Studies on the dissemination and leaf reflexion of Yucca aloifolia and other species. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 91-112. pl. 45-7. 1895. Whitten, J. C. The spraying question. Rept. Ark. Hort. Soc. 1: 51-6. 1893. Garden vegetables. Rept. Mo. Hort. Soc. 36: 235-9. 1893. The hardiness of plants in northern as com- pared with southern exposures. Florists’ Exchange. 6: 595. 1894, The best herbaceous plants andshrubs. Rept. Mo. Hort. Soc. 87: 245-250. 1894. The relation of birds to horticulture. Rept. Ark. Hort. Soc. 2: 76-80. 1894. Phenological notes at the Missouri Botanical Garden, for 1892 and 1893. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5: 123-135. 1894. The emergence of Pronuba from the Yucca cap- sules. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5: 137-8. 1894. The codling moth. Colman’s Rural World. 47: 402. 1894. Williams, T. A. Parmelia molliuscula. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 169-170. pl. 57. 1892. A LIST OF BOOKS AND PAPERS PUBLISHED BY INSTRUCTORS IN THE HENRY SHAW SCHOOL OF BOTANY, FROM SEP- TEMBER, 1885, TO DECEMBER, 1896, INCLUSIVE, AND NOT INCLUDED IN THE FOREGOING LIST. BY WILLIAM TRELEASE, Contributions from the Shaw School of Botany, 1-9: — 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 1. Pammen, L. H. On the pollination of Phlomis tuberosa, and the perforation of flowers. Trans. Acad. St. Louis. 5: 241-277. pl. 6-7. 1888.— Amer. Bee Journ. 1888. 633-6. 2. Eviotr, W.G., Jr. Measurements of the trimor- phic flowers of Oxalis Suksdorfii. Trans. Acad. St. Louis. 5: 278-285. /. J-2.—Treirease, W. Ob- servations suggested by the preceding paper. J. c. 286-291. f. 3. 3. TreLease, W. Description of Lycoperdon Mis- souriense. Trans. Acad, St. Louis. 5: 240. pl. 8. 4. TreELEASE, W. Synoptical list of North American species of Ceanothus. Proc. Cal. Acad. ii. 1: 106- 118, 361. 1888. 5. Trevease, W. Revision of North American Ilici- neae and Celastraceae. Trans. Acad. St. Louis. 5: 343-357. 1889. G. TRELEASE, W. North American Rhamnaceae. Trans. Acad. St. Louis. 5: 3858-369. 1889. 7. Hircucocx, A.S. A catalogue of the Anthophyta and Pteridophyta of Ames, Iowa. Trans. Acad. St. Louis. 5: 477-532. 1891. 8. Pammet, L. H. On the seed coats of the genus Euphorbia. Trans. Acad. St. Louis. 5: 543-568. pl. 12-14. 1891. (229) 230 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 120. 9. Wresper, H.J. Appendix to the catalogue of the flora of Nebraska. Trans. Acad. St. Louis. 6: 1-47. 1892. Eliot, W. G., Jr.— See No. 113. 121. Engelmann, G. The botanical works of the late George Engelmann. Collected for Henry Shaw, Esq. Edited by Witu1am Trevease and Asa Gray. Cam- bridge. 1887. 548 pp., numerous /. and pl. 122. Farlow, W. G. and Wm. TretEase. List of works on North American fungi, with the exception of Schizomycetes, published before 1887. Bibliogr. Contr. Libr. of Harvard Univ. 25: 1-36. Cambridge. 1887. Gray, A.— See G. Eneretmann, Botanical Works. Hitchcock, A. S.— See no. 118. 123. Pammel, LL. H. Weeds of southwestern Wisconsin and southeastern Minnesota. St. Paul. 1887. 20 pp. 6 f. 124, -——— A few common plants. Colman’s Rural World. 41: 201. 28 Je 1888. Some common thistles. Colman’s Rural World. 9 Mr 1888: 73. f.—Rept. Mo. Agr. Soc. Root-rot of cotton, or cotton blight. Bull. Tex. Exp. Sta. 1888. Houston. 1889. 18 pp. Some mildews of Illinois. Journ. Myc. 4: 36-8. 1888. Pammel, L. H.— See nos. 112, 119. 128. Trelease, W. The wax-bean fungus. Country Gentleman. 50: 800. f. 1885. A convenient laboratory plant [Mucor]. Bot. Gaz. 10: 426-7, 1 f. 1885. Arrangement of herbaria, etc. Bot. Gaz. 11: 120-1. 1886. Bacteria [Preservation of, in the herbarium]. Bot. Gaz. 11: 150. 1886. A yellow opium mold. Contr. Dept. Pharm. Univ. Wisc. 2: 5-9. 8 f. 1886. 125. 126. 127. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133, 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144, 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. PUBLICATIONS OF SCHOOL OF BOTANY 231 A spot disease of orchard grass, Scolecotrichum graminis. Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr. 1886. 129-131. pl. 8. —— Disposition of thick specimens. Bot. Gaz. 11: 157. 1886, Herbarium cases. Bot. Gaz. 11: 187-8. 1886. A few common apple fungi. Rept. Minn. Hort. Soc. 14: 52-5. f. 1886, Thalictrum. Bot. Gaz. 11: 92-3. 1886. North American species of Thalictrum. Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. 23: 293-304. f. 1-2. pl. 1. 1886. — The nectary of Yucca. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 13: 135-141. 3 f. 1886. ' A revision of North American Linaceae. Trans. Acad. St. Louis. 5: 7-20. pl. 3-4. 1887. The fungi of forage plants. Beal’s Grasses of North America. 1: 413-431. f. 159-175. 1887. Oxalis. Bot. Gaz.12: 166-7. 1887. The subterranean shoots of Oxalis violacea. Bot. Gaz. 191. pl. 72. 1888. A study of North American Geraniaceae. Mem. Boston Soc. N. H. 4: 71-104. f. pl. 9-12. 1888, Bacteria from a botanical standpoint. [St. Louis] Weekly Med. Rev. 17: 88-92,127-131. 1888. Adaptations to pollination. Bot. Gaz.13: 134. 1888. The morels and puff-balls of Madison. Trans. Wisconsin Acad. 7: 105-120. pl. 7-9. 1888. The ‘‘ working ’’ of the Madison Lakes. Trans. Wisc. Acad. 7: 121-129. pl. JO and 1 f. 1888. Myrmecophilism. Address of the retiring presi- dent of the Cambridge Entomological Club. Psyche. 5: 171-180. 1889. Species in bacteriology. ‘[St. Louis] Weekly Med. Rev. 19: 309-317. 1889. 232 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 151, The glands of Eragrostis major. Proc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci. 10: 70-72. 1889. Trelease, W.— See W. G. Farrow & W. Treveass, List of works on fungi.— See also nos. 113, 114, 115, 116, Tit. Trelease, W., & A. Gray.— See G. EneELMann, Botanical Works. 152. Webber, H. J. On the antheridia of Lomentaria. Annals of Bot. 5: 226-7. 2/f. 1891. Phenomena and development of fecundation. Amer. Naturalist. 26: 1038-111, 287-310. pl. J1- Lee Ona. Yucca pollination. Amer. Naturalist. 26: 774-8. 1892. Webber, H. J.— See no. 120. 153. 154. A GENERAL SUBJECT INDEX TO THE CONTENTS OF THE PAPERS MENTIONED IN THE FOREGOING LISTS. BY WILLIAM TRELEASE,. Acer, 87. Agave, 58, 82, 89, 121. Algae, 7, 148, 152. Alismaceae, 67, 121. Apple fungi, 136. Aquifoliaceae, 78, 116. Asclepiadaceae, 121. Aster, 38. Bacteria, 73, 131, 145, 150. Baptisia, 121. Bean fungus, 128. Bibliography, 2, 8, 11, 17, 19, 21, 112, 122. Biology, 13, 15. Birds, 102, 107. Bogs, 47. Boisduvalia, 88. Botanical study, 64, 76, 96. Cacti, 37, 121. Campanula, 121. Carnation disease, 86. Carnivorous plants, 4, 66. Catalpa, 121. Catasetum, 94. Ceanothus, 115, Celastraceae, 116. Cell contents, 2, 6, 21. Cell structure, 3, 12. Codling moth, 110. Colorado flora, 60. Compass plants, 19, 121. Coniferae, 121. Convolvulus, 69. Cornus, 121. Cotton root-rot, 126. Cotyledon, 89. Crassula, 89. Crataegus, 121. Cucumis, 89. Cuscuta, 121. Dendrobium, 93. Dicentra, 121. Dissemination, 102. Draba, 121. Ecology, 4, 17, 19, 63, 66, 85, 94, 102, 108, 109, 112, 118, .121,..189,. 146,149, 154, Education, horticultural, 84. Emory, 121. Entomology, 28, 63, 97, 109, 110, 149. (233) 234 Epilobium, 75, 79. Eragrostis, 151. Eriogonum, 121. Eschscholtzia, 121. Etymology, 98. Euphorbiaceae, 119, 121. Fecundation, 153. Fendler, 121. Ferns, 43. Floriculture, 29, 35, 36, 37, 55, 57. Flower sermons, 26, 54, 65, 101. Forage plants, 133, 141. Forcing vegetables, 51. Fraxinus, 121. Fungi, 5, 20, 73, 114, 121, 122, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 186, 141, 145, 147, 150. Fungicides, 27, 103. Gardening, 29, 30, 35, 36, 37, 42, 43, 44, 46, 50, 51, 55, 57, 62, 104, 105, 106. Gayophytum, 88. Gentiana, 121. Geraniaceae, 121, 144. Geyer, 121. Glands, 38, 85, 139, 151. Gloeosporium, 128. Gramineae, 121. Grass diseases, 133, 141. Hardiness, 105. Henry Shaw School of Botany, 76, 77. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Herbarium methods, 61, 130, 181, 134, 135. Histology, 119, 151. Horticultural education, 84. Hot springs, 7. Hlicineae, 78, 116. Illinois flora, 127. Indian Territory flora, 121. Insecticides, 27, 103. Insectivorous plants, 4, 66. Inuline, 2. Iowa flora, 118. Tron, 9. Irritability, 10. Isoetes, 121. Ives, 121. Juglandaceae 95, Juncus, 121. Kansas flora, 59. King, 121. Laboratory methods, 73, 129. Lawns, 30, 50. Leaves, Venation, 31 Leitneria, 92. Lemnaceae, 72, 121. Lichens, 111. Linaceae, 121, 140, Linaria, 55. Lindheimer, 121. Lomentaria, 152. Lophotocarpus, 67. Loranthaceae, 121. Lycoperdon, 114. GENERAL SUBJECT INDEX OF PAPERS. Von Martius, 1. Mastacanthus, 98. Mexican flora, 121. Minnesota flora, 123. Missouri Botanical Garden, 44, 46, 53, 57, 71, 74, 83, 91,38. Missouri flora, 23, 24, 32, 33, 34, 45, 124. Morels, 147. Movement, 15, 18. Myrmecophilism, 149. Nectaries, 85, 139. Nebraska flora, 120. Nelumbium, 121. Nematodes, 86. North American botany, 8, 11, 58, 67, 68, 72, 79, 80, 81, 87, 88, 95, 115, 116, 117, 121, 137, 138, 140, 144, Nutrition, 4, 9, 66. Oenothera, 121. Opium mold, 132. Opportunity, 96. Orchids, 56, 93, 94. Orchard trees, 62. Oxalis, 113, 142, 143. Pachira, 89. Parmelia, 111. Pentoses, 6, Perforation of flowers, 112. Perisporiaceae, 127. Phenology, 108. NR, ER Daan me AE 235 Phlomis, 112. Physiology, 15, 17, 21, 108, 153. Plains flora, 121. Plantago, 121 Platanus, 90. Poisons, 16, 70. Pollination, 63, 85, 109, 112, 113, 139, 146, 154. Polygonum, 121. Portulaca, 121. Propagating, 62. Puff-balls, 114, 147. Quercus, 121. Rhamnaceae, 115, 117. Ribes, 121. Rocky Mountain flora, 121. Root-rot of cotton, 126. Rosa, 121. Rumex, 80. Saccharomyces, 5, 20. Sagittaria, 67. St. Louis Academy, 100. Salix, 81, 32, 33, 34. Schimper, 22, - Scolecotrichum, 133. Seed coats, 119. Septoria, 121. Sermons, 26, 54, 65, 101. Shaw, Henry, 25. Shaw School of Botany, 46,- 7%. Simpson, 121. Species, 150. A Cs tt Ye ti eee F oa 236 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Spines, 121. Water bloom, 148, ‘Stellaria, 121. — - Wax bean, 128. Sturtevant Library, 99. Weeds, 69, 123, 125. West Indies, 39, at. Tannoids, 21. _ Wheeler, 121. "e Teratology, 121. _ Whipple, 121. Texas flora, 121. Wild flower i Thalictrum, 137, 138. 42, 45, 48, “49 Thistles, 125. Winter botany, 87, 95. Tillandsia, 89. Wisconsin flora, Tornado, 71. 123, 147, 148.. Trimorphism, 113. Wislizenus, 121. Twig studies, 87, 95. Wolffia, 72. ana SE Wright, 121. — Ustilagineae, 59. Wyoming flora, 121. Vegetables, 51, 104. Xantus, 121. Venation, 31. e Viburnum, 121. Yeasts, 5, 20. bos Violets, 70. Yucca, 63, 81, 83, 89,102, , Vitis, 121. 109, 121, 139, 154. —a Aegon ~s RF i eet Sees See gs aan s ~ webs ey So pe Py £ SS OS Ne