A WOODED ISLET. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT. ST. LOUIS, MO.: PUBLISHED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. 1909. BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. President, RUFUS J. LACKLAND. Vice-President, DAVID F. KAIME. EDWARD C. ELIOT. DAvip F. Houston, Chancellor of Washington University.* JOHN GREEN, M. D. FREDERICK H. KREISMANN,! GEORGE Cz HITCHCOCK. Mayor of the City of St. Louis.* RoBeRT Moore,?2 Ae: Ae President of the Board of Public Schools. fo & WILuiAM H. H. PETTUus, of St. Louls. WILLIAM TRELEASE,® JOHN F, SHEPLEY. President of the Academy of Science of St, Louis.* Davin S. H. SMITH. DANIEL S. TUTTLE, EDWARDS WHITAKER. Bishop of the Diocese of Missouri.* A. D. CUNNINGHAM, Secretary. * Ex-Officio. 1 Elected Mayor of the City of St. Louis in April, 1909, to succeed Rolla Wells, who had held that office for eight years. 2 Blected President of the Board of Public Schools of St. Louis in October, 1909, to- succeed Henry C. Garneau, who had held that office for one year. 3 Blected President of the Academy of Science of St. Louis in January, 1909, to succeed: Calvin M. Woodward, who had held that office for two years. (2) ae PREFACE. _—_— Under direction of the Board of Trustees, the twentieth annual report of the Missouri Botanical Garden is presented to the public. The nineteenth report was issued November 9, 1908, but the following papers contained in it had been previously issued in separate form at the dates indicated:—Bessey, The Florida Strangling Figs, March 4; Sargent, Crataegus in Missouri, July 2. As in the tenth report, an index to the contents of the last ten volumes has been included in the present volume. These reports are sent to scientific institutions and jour- nals, in exchange for publications and specimens desirable for the library, herbarium or living collections of the Garden. So far as is possible, reprints of the botanical articles they contain are sent to botanists occupied with a study of the subjects to which they pertain. Any of the Garden publications not out of print may be purchased, at approximately the cost of publication, from Messrs. R. Friedlinder & Sohn, Berlin, Germany; W. Wesley & Son, London, England; or the undersigned. WILLIAM TRELEASE. Sr. Louis, Mo., November 1, 1909. (3) CONTENTS. PaGE 1. Reports FOR THE YEAR 1908:— a. Report of the Officers of the Board.............s+seeeeees 7 b. Twentieth Annual Report of the Director...............-- 11 2. ScrenTiFIC PaPERS:— a. Summer birds of Shaw’s Garden.— By Otto Widmann... ... 00. c cece eee eee eee ees 41 b. Illustrated studies in the genus Opuntia—IIl.— By David Griffune .. oc ete e neds cnc aewene ss ieee 81 c. Variation and correlation in the flowers of Lagerstroemia indica.— By J. Arthur Harrie... .... 0.2. cecedesnameas tes pes 97 d. The correlation between length of flowering stalk and num- ber of flowers per inflorescence in Nothoscordum and Allium.— By J. Arthur Harris ........ oS Slevin Six +4 WETS anes 105 e. Correlation in the inflorescence of Celastrus scandens.— By J. Arthur Harris... ....cccccseceveee cece c ewes 116 f. An analytical key to some of the segregates of Oenothera.— By Reginald R. Gated... .cccceccevenscseccccccncs 123 g. The Missouri saxifrages.— By BoP, Bias, 65 08 aioek ne an 1s aa 138 3. Liprary CONTRIBUTIONS :— a. A list of books and papers published from the Missouri Botanical Garden or by its employees, or based chiefly on work done by aid of the facilities of the Garden, from January, 1904, to December, 1908, inclusive. — By Laura Brown. vo. oe. cease can Oi awe ag bose ge os 141 4. CONTRIBUTORS, VOLUMES 11 t0 20......... cece cece cree eee eeees 151 5. InpExES, VOLUMES 11 to 20.— : By Cora J. Hogan. a. General Index .... ent s iaiglatcia Gate eterna ROr aI Mee WS Vili i citie 0 152 be Pardee te tint BRIGOS o ve's co's cecsin bane be Rkbete ss + eho 161 (5) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Frontispiece: A wooded islet. As nature does . Dwarf sumach, Rhus Michauxii In chrysanthemum time . Pickerel weed, Pontederia eee ; Plate 1. Plates 2-13 (6) Facing p. 7 “é cc ll sé “ce yr il “ec “ce 29 - “ee ce 41 Following p. 96 DOES. + v AS NATURE REPORTS FOR THE YEAR 1908. REPORT OF THE OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. SUBMITTED TO THE TRUSTEES JANUARY 13, 1909. To the Board of Trustees of the Missouri Botanical Garden: We submit for your consideration the financial results for the year ending December 31, 1908. Weare able to announce a still further increase of $6,842.46 in the rental income for the year 1908, over that of the year 1907. The losses by vacancies were $958.75, and the loss of rentals through inability to collect was only $322.50,—less than one-fourth of 1% of the total earnings, which is a remarkably small loss considering the financial depression during the past year. We suffered quite a serious loss by the June flood in the collapse of two five-story buildings fronting on the Levee between Olive and Pine Streets, one of the buildings being totally destroyed and the other damaged to such an extent that it became necessary to wreck it down to the first floor. They were reconstructed into substantial two-story ware- houses, and have been leased for a term of years at $1,320.00 per year, whichis $120.00 more than the old five-story buildings yielded. Other buildings were slightly damaged, entailing a total expense of $6,551.25. All the buildings of the Board are occupied except two valuable stores at the southeast corner of Washington and Seventh Street, which were vacated on January Ist, at the expiration of leases made five years ago on about one-half the present rental values. We are now negotiating with several parties for new leases, which, if made shortly at the rentals asked, will increase our revenue for the year 1909 at least $10,000.00 over that of last year. We have disposed of 65 feet of residence property on Flora Boulevard for the sum of $4,920.00. (7) 8 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, We have during the past summer graded a large tract of land between Grand and Tower Grove Avenues and Shaw and McRee Avenues, at a cost of $21,851.48, and have thus placed 16,000 front feet of very desirable residence prop- erty in condition to be disposed of. The expenditure has greatly improved the appearance of the entire tract of about 100 acres, and the results have already been felt in the in- creased demand for abutting property so that we hope to be able in the spring to dispose of a portion if not all of the tract to a syndicate or to builders. We have, as usual, been called upon for large expenditures _for street improvements, as follows; the amounts having been charged to real estate as betterments. Thurman Avenue . Paving $ 1,823.79 Old Manchester Road Paving 20,342.19 McRee Avenue Paving 4,359.91 Tower Grove Avenue . Sidewalk . 534.24 City Block 4941 Alley . 1,393 .28 $28 453.41 . The demands for street improvements will call for addi- tional expenditures during the year 1909 estimated as follows: Shaw Avenue . 3,112 front feet . $18,672.00 Lawrence Street 350 front feet . 1,800.00 Klemm Avenue 2,000 front feet . 10,000.00 Vandeventer Avenue . 2,000 front feet . 8,000 .00 $38,472.00 We have about completed a large addition and extension to the library and office building (the old Shaw residence removed from Seventh and Locust Streets) in the Garden grounds and fronting on Tower Grove Avenue; it is an imposing and well built fire-proof structure, three stories in height,and an ornament to the Garden. The total cost of the improvement will be about $54,000.00, of which $41,014.00 has already been paid. No other expenditures have been made at the Garden other than for its maintenance, at a total cost of $47,000.00. REPORT OF THE OFFICERS OF THE BOARD. 9 The following amounts have been credited to the Stock Account for the year:— yb gue eee ea siie Ae oe ee eeer eit Sew A Se es es ee ee Sede 3,558 .45 $9,197.29 The annual bequests made by Mr. Shaw in his will have been carried out with the exception of the Trustees’ Banquet which was not given, but the amount designated, $1,000.00, has been charged against the income to be used at some future time. RECEIPTS. Receipts on account of rentals . . . . . $134,759.04 Jnterest and dividends © 2. 2,641.81 Garden pasturage above expense . . . . 2.55 Garden handbook sales . . .... =. 160.50 BBD LICHTIOUIR OOS ces sdiee ath cieraiier aye deg 7.37 Garden sales, tuition,etc. . . . . . . 69.00 Insurance, loss by fire . . . . .. . 331.85 Totalincome receipts . . .. . $137,972.12 Sales of real estate under decree of court . . $ 4,920.00 Stocks, bonds and certificates . . . . . 61,236.94 Shaw School of Botany, rent we ise 3,900.00 70,056.94 Total receipts .. ven $208,029 .06 Cash on hand December 31, 1907 aay 7,017.10 $215,046.16 DISBURSEMENTS. Garden Account, Labor pay-roll . . .-. $21,471.81 Students’ pay-roll . . . 2,115.72 Office assistance... 1,462.50 $25,050.03 1 11 (2) Se i eae eee Sr ny 49 Esai 2,209 .94 Water... ae. gel ied att 2 ae 493 .00 Repairs and supplies pe ies ne ae 1,844 .85 Stable and implements. . . . . . . 222.12 Weenie and seeds ese ate 432.47 $30,252.41 Herbarium Account, ‘ OUP NPS ale ioe creme ee 8 ENN TAR ae 7 1,283.10 see sito Pas he 4 oe ele 291.09 Current expenditures ree Sei a a ' 1,755.17 3,329 .36 Library Account, PEM RTROMR Nols ama ee aiadty ected 2,014.70 nee saa te kane hat tion 338 .14 Current expenditures ics rere hese 2,772.06 5,124.90 ' Carried eer eee rae fre ® $38, 706 .67 10 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, Brought forward $38,706 .67 Office Account, —* Salaries . $5,168 .09 Fuel . ee 329.06 Current expenditures ae 996.11 6,493 .26 Research Account, Salaries . 837 .42 Current expenditures 88 .98 926.40 Scholarship Account, Instruction .. 575.00 Care of Lodge (January to Mare) 60.00 a : 46.38 Current expenditures 192.29 873.67 Total maintenance $47,000 .00 Garden Improvement Account, Library =—" 38,990.50 Boiler : 1,349.70 Roadway 103.39 40,443.59 Total amount expended on the Garden $87 ,443 59 Publication Account, Nineteenth annual report . 2,155.00 Garden handbook 578.50 2,733.50 Property Account, State, school, city and sprinkling taxes . 36,869 .49 Streets, sidewalks and sewers . 51,026 . 34 Insurance 4,000.38 Repairs .-. . 7,625.73 Improvements . 558 .67 Flood repairs. 6,551.25 Repairs and loss by, fire 331.85 106,963.71 Bequests, Annual Flower Sermon 200.00 Annual Flower Show 267 .00 Annual Gardeners’ Banquet 451.95 918.95 Sundries, Office expenses . " 6,352.44 Legal and professional expenses ‘ 2,584 .65 Commission . 78.98 9,016.07 Shaw School of Boteny, rente 3,900 .00 Total disbursements . . $210,975.82 Cash on hand December 31, 1908 4,070.34 Respectfully submitted, . R. J. Lackuanp, President. Attest: A. D CunniNGHaM, Secretary. $215,046. 16 TTIXOVHOIW SDHY HOVWOS JAXYVMd TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. SUBMITTED TO THE TRUSTEES JANUARY 13, 1909. To the Board of Trustees of the Missouri Botanical Garden: The following report on the Missouri Botanical Garden and the School of Botany therewith connected is respectfully sub- mitted, in compliance with your rules. The completion of the twentieth fiscal year of the Board’s administration (the first year comprising the last four months, only, of the calendar year 1889), causes me to make this report generally retrospective, in addition to reporting in detail on the year just closed. [or comparison, apart from the detailed statement annually submitted and published in the Report of the Garden, special reference is made to the first volume of the Report,* which gives at length the earlier history of the estab- lishment; to the eighth, tenth { and fifteenth § administrative reports, which are comparative ; and tothe seventeenth { report of the Officers of the Board, which passes in review the years 1889 to 1904. In addition to the declaration of purposes in Henry Shaw’s will,*' in the deed conveying certain property to Washington University for the support of the School of Botanyt! and the acceptance of the same by the University authorities,{! and in the program outlined for the School of Botany when opened, $* the policy of the Board and the plans of the Director have been set forth at some length, though necessarily in general terms, in the first, eighth, and seventeenth administrative reports.” Year by year during the two decades now closed, these purposes and policies have been passed in thoughtful . 812-50. (1897). * Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1. (1890). 1p visite § 1. c. 153 13-37. (1904). t Ul. c. 10 12-34. (1899). q l.c. 173 7-27. (1906). *1 J, ¢, 13 29-55. (1890). f' lc. 1: 56-58. }! Lc. 13 59-62. §' l.c. 13 63-83. #2 1c. 13 92-98. 8: 37-46. 17 3 23-24. (11) SS ee | 3 12 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. review. If, in any essential, they are unrealized, this has resulted from necessity rather than forgetfulness or disregard; but, through causes beyond the control of the Board or Director, the possibility of detailed realization still remains greatly limited. Apart from the maintenance of a public museum as a part of the Garden, no general feature of the plan -has actually failed of development in a degree proportionate to the financial possibilities of the Board; and, small as individual accomplishments have been, because of the limited means that could be bent to them, a continued and continuing advance is observable in all. Recapitulated briefly, in the language used ten years ago, the direct objects of the founder of the Garden are: the main- tenance of a garden easily accessible to the public excepting on Sundays and holidays, for the cultivation, propagation and study of plants; the exchange of material; the equipment, maintenance and utilization of a museum, herbarium and library; the gathering about the institution of a corps of in- structors and investigators, with suitable laboratory and instrumental equipment; the provision for public lectures from time to time; the prosecution of research in botany in the broadest sense, including vegetable physiology, the dis- eases and injuries of plants, and horticulture and other branches of science closely connected with these; and the instruction and training of gardeners. Correlated with these purposes is that of training botanists, entrusted to the School of Botany, in the closest possible affiliation with the Garden. GARDENING. Under the administration of the Trustees, ever since the task fell to them, the Garden has been kept open to the public in the way designated by its founder, and, though never above criticism, has been maintained with improving taste and attractiveness, and with an increasing variety of plants under cultivation. The limitation of decorative gardening to an area fixed at. the time when the Trustees assumed charge of the establish- ment, and susceptible of enlargement only by provisional TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 13 means or through entire re-arrangement of the grounds (for which, at some future time, plans are prepared in detail), necessarily prevents any considerable annual increase in the number of plants used for this purpose; but this restriction of their number has been met, year by year, by increase in their variety and attractiveness, by the adoption of purposeful combinations of species, contrasted groups of related forms by which attention may be centered on them in their general characters, and by the combination of this synoptical idea in a broader way with the plans for decorative effect, whenever this can be done. In the year just closed, therefore, the out- of-door decorative features have been little different from those reported a year since, except for changes in bedding design and substitutions in the plants employed in carrying it out. As for several years past, tulips formed the attractive feature of early spring, when the parterre was planted solidly with them, the collection of these bulbs comprising 229 species or varieties, represented by 23,750 individual plants. Later in the season, the same space was used for the presentation of a contrasted collection of the choicest lantana varieties, which, though for the most part too heavily beset with foliage for a proper balancing of their flowers, proved attractive as well as interesting and instructive. Through the interest of an amateur in the cultivation of cannas, Mr. L. D. Yager, of Alton, Illinois, the display of these showy plants has this year been doubled, and no feature of the Garden has been more admired, or more critically approved by specialists, than this collection of 160 varieties, represented by 560 massed plants. Chrysanthemums were again grown in large numbers, and through the fortnight beginning with November 9th, a tented display was made of 452 varieties, represented by 3,582 plants, many of them of unusually good size and quality. The addition of twenty acres to the Garden in 1900* not only added nearly one-half to the original area of the grounds (44.7 acres), but made possible the realization of one of the early-declared policies of the Board, to present a segregated representation of the plants of the United States; of these * Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 8: 38. 112 14. 12311. 143 14.173 16. 14 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, about 1,150 species are now grown in a park-like synopsis that is yearly increasing in attractiveness and interest. One of the most pressing needs of the Garden is that of additional plant houses, for the display as well as for the cultivation of plants which require shelter,—the number of which, as the smoke of the city increases, is destined to become greater year by year. During the past twenty years the original antiquated plant houses have been supplemented by a somewhat greater area of houses, either of good modern type and construction, or temporarily but adequately built for the propagation of plants. One such house was built in 1895 for the growth of vegetables and grapes under glass; and a similar house, covering 875 square feet of ground, originally built by Dr. von Schrenk for his personal use, has been transferred to the Garden recently for experimental purposes. The present ground area of plant houses is 33,055 square feet, and the area of propagating frames and pits is 5,866 square feet; but. everywhere the plants are overcrowded, and such collections as that of Agave are suffering from inadequate housing. Though two serious fires have occurred in the plant houses at the Garden, in 1902* and 1903, the losses experienced were not only quickly made good but brought expressions of sympathy and gifts of plants from so many friends as to make it questionable whether the accidents were real misfortunes. Plant and seed accessions for the year, aside from Garden propagations and collections, number 323 entries, comprising 10,044 plants or packets of seeds. Of these, 7,591, representing 277 of the entries and valued at $607.70, were presented or received by way of exchange, and 2,453, representing 44 entries, were bought, the Secretary’s books showing an expen- diture of $432.47 for such purchases and incident expense. The collections by Garden employees, apart from seeds gathered for exchange use, number 2,183 plants, valued at $177.21, and 101 packets of seeds, valued at $10.30. Garden propagations amount to 40,125 plants, valued at $2,808.75 and 6,860 seedlings, valued at $343.00. The exchange seed list issued by the Garden last winter * Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14:14. Jf l.c.3653 21. i TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 15 includes 1,963 species or varieties; and 6,194 packets of these seeds, valued at $309.07 have been sent to correspondents. Living plants to the number of 217, valued at $22.90, have been distributed in like manner. Aside from these exchange distributions, 320 duplicate plants and 1,364 bedding plants removed from the grounds in autumn, or remaining unused on completion of the spring planting, were given to the public schools. The surplus chrysanthemum plants which remained fresh at the end of the November exhibition, and many cut flowers from it, were presented to hospitals and other charities, - 180 plants having been so distributed. DIAGRAM A. ESTIMATE) ESTIMATE NVENT-ORY, INVENTORY VENFORY- aN \ #.A, poe --4--4--=)---)--- | -—1-0,000 = 1908 |__1.895 |__1.899 |_ 1.900. |__1.903 |_1.904 05. |__1.906. 0-7. ——1-90-7 SPECIES AND VARIETIES CULTIVATED The plant records for the past year show that 1,080 species or varieties not cultivated in 1907 were added, and 719 lost or discarded,—a net gain of 361, bringing the nominal number in cultivation up to 18,277, in contrast with the 17,916 reported a year ago.* It appears from the appended diagram (A) that no period in the history of the Garden has been marked by so great progress in this direction as the four years from 1903 to 1907. A quinquennial inventory, however, shows that the number of forms cultivated to-day is only 11,464, essentially the same as five years ago (11,357), so that no actual pro- * Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19 13. | 16 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. gress has been made in this direction. The difficulties of the plant recorder in ascertaining and entering the disappearance of each species dropped, were indicated in the last general summary ;* but they have never proved so misleading as during this last period of merely apparent progress notwith- standing unusual efforts to increase the collection. THE WEATHER. Gardening is so closely governed by and dependent on climatic conditions that success or failure, either general or partial, is often distinctly in relation with the meteorology of a given year. Though hardly a season passes without a serious thunder-storm or hail or sleet storm, which leaves in its wake washed walks, broken or riven trees, or other ruined plants, the Garden has suffered from few really serious storms since its care was assumed by the Board. One cloud- burst, in July 1893, brought so heavy and rapid a downpour as to fill the parterre with water and convert the grounds at the north of it into a pond that became nearly waist-deep where dammed by the east and north walls of the Garden, notwithstanding the existence of drains which quickly remove the water of ordinary storms; yet little harm was done aside from denudation of the steeper walkst. Two hail storms of unusual severity, one in 1896{ and the other in 1902, did serious damage to plants and glass houses. The only really notable storm, however, was the tornado of May, 1896,§ which in addition to injuring some of the buildings, wrecked a very large part of the trees of the Garden, destroying an effect of maturity that can be reproduced only in part and after the lapse of many years. The ordinary facts of temperature and precipitation, which have been graphically presented year by year, are epitomized in the accompanying diagrams (B and C); those of the year 1908 being shown in separate diagrams (D and E). The data used for these are derived from the records of the St. Louis office of the Government Weather Bureau, with which the * Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15 17. $l.c. 83 18. + Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 5 14. § lic. 143 14. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 17 readings at the Garden usually prove to be in close agreement though suburban conditions are almost invariably revealed DIAGRAM B. r—125°F Srey at = alae MAR SY w ~~ sy Ped Sine gal t——7-5 — — >— EAN baie Breay eee ae a al ed Ee —SO—- ~ 25°F TAS « + q mn t oO O in 0 fe) >) 5 N isp) + re) © iy @ &. i) fe) fe) fe) fo) fe) i) ro) (e) fo) fe) {o) fe) fe) {o} {o} oe) 9) @ @ (oe) (oe) [e)) o)) [on (=) fo) (*)) [e)) U0 e 7 c ay - - =. ra a Lap a A a = w MR Tr T ja _ of 8 hat aN i‘ a YV Y : -25°F SHADE TEMPERATURE, 1890 To 1908. by greater temperature extremes at the Garden. A rather full analysis of the meteorology of St. Louis, given by Dr: DIAGRAM C, —50-Nz L—4: Fe /\ | alin fo 4 biG See 1-293 roy PRECIPITATION, 1890 To 1908. Hus in his study of the local flora in an earlier Report,* is available for comparison. * Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 193 128. (1908). 2 Pi. & 18 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, DIAGRAMS D AND E. H1'50°-F= L-1-00-F. 100-%-] 7526. ee Pen ee === = ct 75-%4— Oo. - << -— a & oi Ti ei ber, a eet fa | ies HUMIOIT-Y4 cS or Po ee ee | 2 S -——_— SS] L502 = se N Lae t-08 w1.-7 4 sary a * AY f————_|2 a ‘Breese. eo 25 F 4 = a oe ttre Cd ee ne ia WN ApPR— r—JA -—FEB- -—-MAR APR ? ui : = Zz fl 1e] <= < a = SEPT v. Yr 7 OCT= NO DEC D.—TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY, 1908. 8-IN Fi / 7-| . faa 6-IN- - z wo vd o 3 2 4 © i" - = oO < wW =< a - 5 5 2 Ww oO 9° Y " = < 2 Ss 5 £ Oo fe) z a BN. : 2, Hs IN= . ee 4-INz “a a 7 |_| \ maerCu [arenes 4 aN yer NY 3-INZ¢& oe a ¥. ad ok pe one ‘J aa sae Se ~~? a }+—2-1N- 1-1Nz NS / N E.—PRECIPITATION, 1908. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 19 VISITORS. One index of the extent to which the Garden is meeting the wish of its founder to provide an attractive and interesting as well as an instructive collection of plants, for the public, is afforded by the number of visitors. In 1908 these numbered 118,465, of whom 16,659 were counted on the Sunday after- noon in June, and 17,312 on the Sunday afternoon in Sep- tember, when the Garden was open under direction of Mr. Shaw’s will. Of the remaining 84,494, who came on week days, some 3,000 were specially attracted by the tulips at the end of March, and 28,079 came to sce the chrysanthemums in November. As in the two preceding years, Captain Robert McCulloch, of the United Railways Company, lighted the chrysanthemum tent during the fortnight of the exhibition, thus not only ensuring sufficient light on dull and stormy days, but making it possible once more to open this part of the Garden in the evening; thereby enabling 7,528 persons, many of whom could not have come in the daytime, to see the collection. The seasonal distribution of week-day visitors is graphically shown in the appended diagram (F) on which the average for earlier years (except 1904)* has also been shown, the November average for 1905-1907 inclusive being separatcly indicated in a broken line. At the beginning of the year, a new and revised edition of the little Souvenir Handbook of the Garden was placed on sale at the gate, and 642 copies of it have been sold to visitors. | Sunday visitors who, according to the chance condition of the weather on the two open Sunday afternoons, fluctuate much in number from year to year, are recorded, and their ratio to the total is indicated, on a separate diagram (G). Though differing greatly year by year, this number appears to be gradually if only slightly increasing. During the time that the Garden has been under the care of the Trustees over half a million people have taken advantage of the privilege of visiting it on Sunday afforded by the special provision of * Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 163 17. Pads Son Se 20 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. DIAGRAM F. ' 10000 Late _—— eee ee OE I ell \ See ol ‘ x Gar. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV.- DEC —————— — WEEK-DAY VISITORS, 1908. DIAGRAM G. 60000 | I\ DAT F I HL IAI aah 2 A_WNIEI NE TAL TE RMS LUN J une j ' j\ Se : aa, = Ro o a 9 4 2 ) a , o / 4 = : : . ® oO fo) q y : 7 1 1 ; t | i 1 i - SUNDAY visirors, 1890 To 1908. eH Bs As se os oe oe eee tre ” ee eee hs be hit a IN CHRYSANTHEMUM TIME TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 21 Mr. Shaw’s will opening it on two Sunday afternoons each year. The number of week-day visitors varies so largely, year by year, as to make an analysis of their yearly increase or decrease difficult; but an appended diagram (H), covering the period for which accurate records are available, shows in the line 1 (which is closely equivalent to the curve 2)* a decided average DIAGRAM H, +00000- 24— ra I\\ ° , {2} “Y i \ Q 3 3 8 CTH Bey e = j wi \ LY 1 j ( 8000C f 14 { V7 UW IN Ad sys Wt “4 ¢ vas { Hist s3 145 } aa fa ae. v/ : lal i HIN [A VL Ke | \ AAT 3 TT NAAT 6000 A L 2 OUVYEYS v7] T \ LA A l ‘Ce a at LE BzRiee | L— . eat /\t LT | i aa y, 5 NAR 4 Nai | 7 40000 INCREASE IN WEEK-DAY VISITORS. yearly increase for the past decade. No small part of this is due to the chrysanthemum exhibitions, begun in 1905, and, to a far less extent, the tulipdisplay, begun in 1904. As not directly affected by these, the July visitors—always fewer than in any other month of the summer season, and perhaps most indicative of the interest taken in the Garden by the average eitizen—have been plotted on a ten-fold scale in the line 3 (roughly equivalent to the curve 4).* It is gratifying to * The World’s Fair year, 1904, being ignored 22 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, observe that even the latter shows a far more rapid propor- tionate rise than does Mr. Robert Moore’s population curve for the city*, which is here plotted (5) on a scale of one-tenth, for comparison. These curves seem to show that the week-day visitors have doubled in the past ten years, and that, apart from those who come to see the specially announced tulips and chrysan- themums, the Garden as a whole is not only holding its own in attractiveness in comparison with the growth of the city but is gaining in interest greatly beyond the increase in popula- tion; the July visitors having increased 47 per cent in a period during which the population has increased 25 per cent. : BUILDINGS. During the entire period here passed in review, administra- tive, educational and research work at the Garden have been carried on with maximum economy of expenditure. When the Board assumed the care of the institution the Director’s office was established in his residence and the dilapidated little museum collection which had been maintained in the building erected for such use in 1859 was replaced by the enlarged library and herbarium—for the original accommoda- tion of which small rooms had been set apart when the building was planned. When the city residence of Mr. Shaw was removed to the Garden in 1891}, the offices, library and herbarium were transferred to it, and the museum building . was again free; but before a collection could be displayed in it an overflow had begun, which has caused it to be again filled to the eaves with books and herbarium specimens, as in the case of the rebuilt city home. During this entire period, the only room set apart specifically for laboratory use has been a basement room of the museum building, which was equipped as a phyto-chemical laboratory in 1903f, and as such has since been in constant use, * MS., 1906; data published in Journ. Ass. Engineering Socs, 88 : 299. + Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3:7, 15. t Rept. Mo, Bot. Gard, 15331. 163 25. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR 23 The time having come when an increase in the buildings at the Garden was absolutely necessary, the first part of a quad- rangle located in accordance with the plans of the landscape architects of the Board has been erected this season. The architectural motif is derived from the rebuilt city home of Mr. Shaw, which is made a part of the system. The building, of reinforced concrete, brick and terra-cotta construction, promises to afford safe and convenient housing for the library and herbarium for a number of years; and a part of it has been planned with reference to laboratory use. THE HERBARIUM. One of the essentials of a botanical establishment, a collec- tion of dried plants representative not only of the general DIAGRAM I, 709000 +-6 00000 ra wa 509000 ~~ — L-409000 Pl 1 300000 ead a st et | 2odoo0. << Sa SSeS eee Se ee: SS SS Ri kel ea ee a Acti Ker Pees Et bo Bal He De INCREASE IN HERBARIUM. floras of different regions, but of the various forms under which individual species occur, had sufficiently attracted Mr. Shaw’s attention to lead him to purchase the nucleus for 24 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, such a collection many years before his death. To this, the Bernhardi herbarium of some 60,000 sheets,* have been added the much larger collection of Engelmann, the material accumulated through the life-long activity of several other prominent botanists, and the usual current sets made by professional collectors in this country, and, to a less extent, abroad. The growth of the herbarium, uniformly sustained through the last five years, is indicated by the accompanying diagram (I). Incorporated additions for 1908 number 23,726 sheets of specimens, of which 8,984, mostly unmounted and valued at. $449.20, were presented or received by way of exchange; 1,917, valued at $95.85, were collected by Garden employees; and 12,825 were purchased, the Secretary’s books showing an expenditure of $1,322.30 for specimens, and material used in mounting them. In exchange for other specimens, 1,864 duplicates, valued at $93.20, and 3 mounted sheets, valued at 45 cts., were distributed to correspondents. As a matter of probable future interest, it is here recorded that the Lindheimer duplicates of 1849 to 1851, referred to in earlier reports,t have been distributed as follows :— New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. . . . . . Agricultural College, N. Mex. University of New Mexico . . . . Albuquerque, N. Mex. University of Texas. . . . . . Austin, Tex. University of Arizona . . . . . Tueson, Ariz. University of California . . . . Berkeley, Calif. K. Botanischer Garten . . . . . Dahlem-Berlin, Germany. Biltmore Herbarium . . . ._. Biltmore, N.C. J. W. Blankinship . . . . . . Bozeman, Mont. Herbier Boissier . . . . . +. +. Chambésy-Geneva, Switzerland. Jardin Botanique del’Etat . . . Brussels, Belgium. R. Botanie Garden . . . . .~ . Sibpur-Calcutta, India. South African Museum. . . Cape Town, Cape Colony. Field Museum of Natural History . . Chicago, Ill. Botaniske Have . PG . Copenhagen, Denmark. Casimir de Candolle. . . . . . Geneva, Switzerland. Natal Botanic Gardens . . . . . Berea-Durban, Natal. R. Botanic Garden . . . . .~_ . Edinburgh, Scotland. * Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1:93. 2225. 3:15. 8:19. + Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 123. 193 16. Gray Herbarium, R. Botanic Gardens . British Museum (Natural History) Ugolino Martelli . , National Herbarium : Instituto Médico Nacional . Museo Nacional . K. Botanisches Museum Geological Survey of Canada University of Nevada New York Botanical Garden University of Oklahoma Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle Academy of Natural Sciences . University of Pennsylvania Botanic Gardens . Jardin Impériale de Bendas Botanic Gardens . 3 K. K. Naturhistorisches enniseunh : Baylor University Smithsonian Institution TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 25 . Cambridge, Mass. . Kew, England. . London, England. . Florence, Italy. . South Yarra-Melbourne, Victoria. . City of Mexico. . City of Mexico. . Munich, Bavaria, Germany. . Ottawa, Canada. . Reno, Nevada. . Bronx Park, New York City. . Norman, Okla. . Paris, France. . Philadelphia, Pa. . Philadelphia, Pa. . Singapore, Straits Settlements. . St. Petersburg, Russia. . Sydney, N.S. Wales. Vienna, Austria. . Waco, Tex. . Washington, D. C. . The present composition of the mounted herbarium is:— The Engelmann Herbarium (all groups) . The General Herbarium :— Higher plants. The J. J. Bernhardi Herbarium . The Henry Eggert Herbarium* . The J. H. Redfield Herbarium The Sturtevant and Smith Herbarium The Gustav Jermy Herbarium The A. W. Chapman Herbarium* The Julien Reverchon Herbarium* . The Nicholas Riehl Herbarium . The S. M. Tracy Herbarium . Other specimens : Thallophytes. The J. J. Bernhardi Herbarium* The Gustav Jermy Herbarium The S. M. Tracy Herbarium . The Wm. Trelease Herbarium Other specimens Making a total of Valued at * So far as yet incorporated. + This valuation at the rate of $15.00 per hundred mounted sheets.: . 97,859 specimens. 61,338 23,495 16,447 7,446 5,118 3,536 17,210 3,359 752 "333,199 471,900 specimens. 610 1,659 4,312 11,000 31,526 49,107 618,866 specimens. $92,829 .90¢ 26 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Supplementing the herbarium and the shelved or incor- porated exsiccatae which are here counted as a part of it,* the Garden possesses specimens of economic plant products, woods, seeds, etc., valued at $280.00, and 1,851 preparations for microscopic study, valued at $410.00, which have not received recent addition. THE LIBRARY. As with the herbarium, Mr. Shaw had laid the foundation for a botanical library in a small but select collection of books DIAGRAM J. g09000 80000 (CARDS) (sods) som 60000 La FS | —" go % 8 § 8 2 5 8 ¢ 3 5 8 8 3 oe 5 8 ae ages aa ae UO z a:. 2 400000 4— Sakos a eee 4 — 204000 ai L— 20900 a eS ee Oe] | wo = - 29 oer cAROS INCREASE IN LIBRARY. bought many years before his death; and before the Garden came under the care of the Trustees, the library of Engelmann had been transferred to it. Though the funds available for purchasing books have necessarily been greatly limited, not a year has passed without the acquisition of choice and rare publications, and the exchange relations established and maintained with other publishing institutions have ensured the receipt of a large number of important serials without direct expenditure. The yearly details of the growth of the library from something less than 5,000 books and pamphlets, * See Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16 : 21. t See Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18:20. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 27 in 1889, to the present number, 58,538, are indicated in the accompanying diagram (J); rather more than the average increase being shown for the last five years. In the year just closed, 1,289 books and 3,908 pamphlets have been added to the library; of these, 856 books, valued at $1,914.85, and 3,786 pamphlets, valued at $559.25, were presented or received in return for publications of the Garden; and 433 books and 122 pamphlets were bought, the Secre- tary’s books showing an expenditure of $2,436.51 for purchases and binding. The customary attention has also been given to indexing publications in the library for certain features; and 43,923 new index cards have been incorporated, of which 33,433 were written by employees and the remainder purchased. The increase in cards is shown comparatively on diagram J; the great activity of the last five years being due to special effort in indexing the literature of floral ecology and seedlings. DIAGRAM K. +500 _ tate +G00 oe To] a ws a a ae ST 500 Perel ae if 2904 wer 1 fe] ; NH -t™ 0 o nt (9) a id N n t+ 9) oO 6 @ a fo.) De n fey fon fe) {o) (eo) fo) [e) fe) {e) {e) {o) arg sapere o i) a a PS Leh aioe cae ager eo ea i me Seat = - a aoe | of - | - - | i Pes bc Ct Wek El | estes Precal | INCREASE IN LIBRARY EXCHANGES. The enumeration of books and pamphlets, in the yearly records of additions to the library, is necessarily nominal in that, when eventually bound, several thin numbers of a serles are not infrequently joined together, thus reducing the num- ber of volumes actually standing on the shelves, though with- out affecting their recorded valuation. The record of books and pamphlets has now been corrected by a recount, the total showing an apparent loss of 311 books and manuscripts and a gain of 616 pamphlets for the past year, although, as stated above, 1,289 books and 3,908 pamphlets have been 28 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, added. As now constituted, and after such revision, the library contains :— . Pamphlets . . . . . 34,351 ne 58,486, valued at .. $91,283.39 Manuscripts: Engelmann, Notes and pestehee 3... 60, valued at . .$600.00 Roetter, Sketches . . ES «4 eee 00 Shaw, Notes. .. . a ‘6 4S Tn 80 - Sturtevant, Index Rerum te too, ee Price, Bird and Insect Sketches Sar | " - Qeecee Leconte, Insect Sketches ee “ . 26.00 Bay, Bibliotheca Riviniana ne 25.00 Theses by Garden Pupils a ™ 6.00 Theses by Graduate Stu- en ae ett . 2. yb: A hy JE ene ar ey $1,424.00 Total . . . 68,538 “ ge me Index cards. . . . . 673,844 “ nO opie, orig re 6,738 .44 Total value of Library . . . . . . . 99,445.83 When the Garden came under the care of the Board it was. scientifically unproductive, and without affiliations. With the issue of its first Annual Report (1890), which was purely historical, relations with other establishments were inaugurated, and the publication in each subsequent year of a volume in large part devoted to scientific papers, has made it possible to extend these relations and to develop a systematic and mutually helpful exchange of publications, the growth of which is indicated on the accompanying diagram (K). The serial publications now received number 1,452, of which 103 are bought, and 1,349, issued by 949 institutions or pub- lishers, are received by way of exchange. After a careful revision of the list and elimination of such as have lapsed, this number is 36 in excess of that reported last year.t * Deposited by Washington University. t Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 18. Lists are to be found in the following Reports: 10: 91. 15: 98. PICKEREL WEED, PONTEDERIA CORDATA. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 29 RESEARCH AND THE USE OF FACILITIES. One of the explicit purposes of the founder of the Garden is scientific investigation. The means at the disposal of the Board have thus far made it possible to devote to research but a very limited part of the time of persons whose principal employment has been in the necessary care and administra- tion of the establishment. It is, therefore, with especial satisfaction that the attention of the Board is called to the publications of the Garden staff in the series of annual Reports, and to the lists of their scientific and horticultural papers in the eighth, tenth, and fifteenth volumes, as well as that pre- pared for the present Report.* From the nature of the case, research effort at the Garden has been turned thus far almost wholly to such disconnected and limited subjects as have compelled attention, rather than to larger problems requiring consecutive investigation ex- tending over a period of years. The latter plan, whenever it shall become possible of achievement, obviously offers our greatest opportunity, but, while awaiting such opportunity, lines of work specially favored by the equipment, character, and location of the Garden have been followed. Aside from the privilege of devoting some part of their time to such pursuits, which has been granted to capable employees, the expenses of field work have been assumed by the Board on a number of occasions. In addition to the scientific results which have been acquired through field exploration, the herbarium and plant-houses have been enriched to an extent at least equaling the expenditure. In considering future development of research work in botany, the necessity of organizing a permanent staff whenever the revenue of the Board shall make this possible is apparent, thereby making it practicable to co-ordinate such individual work as may be assigned to advanced students as contributions to the solu- © tion of larger scientific problems requiring continuous investi- gation. While awaiting this desirable increase in the staff of local workers, effort has been directed to securing an adequate * Rept. Mo. Bot. Garden. 8 : 221-232. 10: 85-90. 15 : 87-97. 30 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. equipment, with the result that the material resources of the Garden are already large and reasonably well balanced. From the beginning, the fixed policy has been to make all our resources freely available for the use of botanists who must of necessity prosecute their studies elsewhere, and to afford every possible facility to investigators who can spend even a short time at the Garden in rounding out their work. This service has been rendered without charge beyond the expense incident to transporting books and specimens. Inspection of the series of Garden Reports and of the publications of the national Bureau of Plant Industry, gives a partial indication of the extent to which the equipment has been thus utilized. In > the year just closed 301 books have been loaned from the library, to 72 persons or institutions; and 19,348 sheets of herbarium specimens, to 31 borrowers. By authorization of the Trustees, a botanical research table was maintained in the Marine Biological Laboratory at Wood’s Hole for three years, and utilized by an appointee of the Garden; but it was found necessary to discontinue this provision.* THE HENRY SHAW SCHOOL OF BOTANY. In 1885, four years before the Garden passed under the care of the Board of Trustees, Mr. Shaw endowed a School of Botany in connection with Washington University and de- clared his intention to provide for its intimate relation with the Gardent,—an intention which he fully carried out.t The property devised, then yielding an annual income of something over $5,000.00 and guaranteed not to fall below $3,500.00 annually, though nominally an endowment of a school of botany, is virtually that of a chair of botany. Through the assumption of a large part of the Director’s salary by the Garden Board, in 1893§, it has been made possible for the University to secure adequate and capa- ble associates to relieve him of the details of undergraduate instruction, while the facilities of the Garden have been fully * Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4:16. 5:17. 6:16. 7:19. 8: 22. ti.c. 13 56-59. fl. c. 1 : 36, second clause. § le 6s 21. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. ol utilized in class work. An amplification of the scope of the chair of botany into that of a real school of botany rests logically on the specific authorization of Mr. Shaw’s will in connection with enlargement of the research activities of the Garden. It is a matter for congratulation that the enormous burden of special taxation, which has thus far so greatly hampered the Trustees in every direction, is likely to be lifted within the next five or six years—through completion of the city improvements for which unproductive revenue property is taxable. It should be possible, then, to make the School of Botany in fact what it is now in name, within at most a decade. No extension of the activities of the Garden is likely to yield so large or significant results as are to be anticipated from a Faculty of botany devoted to research and guiding younger investigators in utilizing the Garden equipment. While financial conditions have thus far made it impossible for the School of Botany to undertake much beyond meet- ing the undergraduate botanical needs of the University, these have been fully met. With the personal approval of Mr.Shaw, an evening course in medical bacteriology was con- ducted in the years 1888-9 and 1889-90,—paving the way for such courses in the medical schools of the city; and special laboratory and lecture instruction in various other branches of botany has been given from time to time. Applicants for graduate standing have also been given opportunity for such work as lay within their powers and the equipment of the University and the Garden; and, though fewin number, the six persons who have earned the Master’s degree and the nine who have earned the Doctor’s degree, with botany as a major subject, have demonstrated by subsequent achievement the value of the training that they have received, even under existing conditions. In the year just closed, the undergraduate work of the School of Botany has essentially repeated that of the preceding year.* At the opening of the current College year, Mr. Arno Nehrling was appointed to the position of Assistant, which Mr. W. A. Ruth had filled last year. * A list of electives offered, is given in Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19 20. 32 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, The enrollment for the first term of 1908-9 was:—“ Biology 1,” 2; “Botany 1,” 12; “Botany 7,” 6; “Botany 11,” 6;—a total of 26 students, of whom the two first noted give about equal time to botany and zoology, and the others take one full botanical course each. With the present term, in connec- tion with the extension work of the University, for which the. regular electives are opened, the School of Botany has resumed the practice of offering special courses of instruction to teach- ers and others not matriculated as candidates for degrees— begun in 1885* but discontinued by direction of the Advisory Board in 1893,t though occasional courses of the kind have been given by request in the intervening years. At the last Commencement of Washington University, the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with botany as a major study, was conferred upon Mr. Henri Hus, whose thesis is published in the last Report of the Garden.t There is now registered at the University one candidate for the Master’s degree, with _ Major work in botany. GARDEN PUPILS. In pursuance of an express provision by Mr. Shaw that in- struction to garden pupils be attended to, and guided by mem- oranda left by him, though not incorporated in his will, the Trustees early established six scholarships for ensuring to the — holders a broad education in the principles and practice of . gardening, without expense.§ The prescribed work was subse- quently opened to others on the payment of a nominal tuition fee. One paying pupil is now enrolled. The course of study, originally made to cover six years,*! was reduced to four years and published in detail in 1892,+* since which, aside from minor modifications and readjustments, it has been little changed. As now given, the course is as follows :— 1 * Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 84. tl.c. &: 22. $l. c. 19 127-258. pl. 13-20. § lc. 1394. ql.c. 6s 21. *' 1, c. 13 95. fil. c. 42 17-18. COURSE OF STUDY. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. YEAR. TERM STUDIES. PER WEEK. Apr al cre rane’ Guitare, (Surveying. aes 3 exercises 1 exercise |” eoakin weekly. weekly. 7 July Floricul- Book- |Landscape to ture. Keeping. |Gardening Sept. 9 3 1 2 SECOND. Economic Element- ° Flori - " : eee Sei Barone Surveying. marie Dec. 1 2 1 3 Economic | Twigs of Element- eee se ol Entomol- | Woody ary Mar. ogy. Plants. Botany. 1 2 1 3 April | Vegetable a Boren of raed Gardening ogy. Flowers. 3 2 2 July Economic| Orchard | Landscape Soe to Mycology.| Culture. | Gardening Wicwecs Sept. 1 2 1 2 THIRD. Oct. Economic| Garden | Botany of to Mycology.| Accounts.| Fruits. Dec. 3 1 2 Jeu: Economic Garden Bony. of te) Mycology.| Accounts. Mar y Plants. 3 1 ") Surveying | Botany of april Forestry. 5 ae aoe rainage. ants, June. 1 3 2 July Buen Botany of | Botany of to Weeds. |Vegetables Culture. Sept 4 1 1 FOURTE. Oct. Special Book- Orchard | Vegetable to Gardening | Fore*try- | Keeping. | Culture. |Physiology Dee. 2 1 1 1 2 Jan. Special Botany of | Botanical | Vegeta>le to Gardening| Forestry. | Ferns. |Geography|Physiology — 2 1 1 1 2 34 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. The 77 class exercises per week here tabulated (each ex- tending over three months), may be grouped under sub- jects as follows:— Gardening: Floriculture... Vegetable gardening . Fruit culture . Forestry ; Landscape gardening . Selected thesis work | m oo 0 0 & 29 Surveying and drainage Bookkeeping and accounts . Economic entomology é ; Botany in its relation to gardening: General botany ; Botany of decorative plants » Botany of hardy woody al Botany of fruits , Botany of vegetables . Botany of weeds ; Botanical geography . Economic mycology ' Vegetable physiology . lor or) Lie ay hd e's 89 GD Or OD eS da All of the above subjects capable of being taught in the laboratory, the greenhouse, or the field, are so taught; and all of the theoretical instruction is expected to be practically tested in the performance of the manual work required of students. By action of the Corporation of Washington University, the classes of the School of Botany are opened to garden pupils, who are also granted free instruction in entomology at the University; and by special permission they have been admitted occasionally to other college classes. Though they show as great differences in preparation, ability, and studious- ness as other young people, the garden pupils in the main have been of excellent character, and, though a high-school educa- tion is not expected of them, a number have come to the Garden with such preliminary qualification, and as a rule they have stood well up in such college classes as they have entered, TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 35 although giving the greater part of their time and energy to garden manipulation and the direct study of this art. Though the immediate purpose of the course has been to train practical gardeners, and a majority of those who have: completed it are now successful gardeners or florists, several have assumed responsible positions in the care of parks or school grounds, others have gone into government botanico- horticultural work or forestry, two have succeeded to an unusual degree in professional landscape work, and two have become college teachers of horticulture.* The past year has seen no change (aside from a slight read- justment of studies) in the work of garden pupils, and no changes have been made in the teaching force. An important change in conditions, in some respects regrettable, has been necessitated, however, by the removal of the building which has heretofore served as a home for the pupils. This building,— erected by Mr. Shaw opposite the entrance to Tower Grove Park, and rented during his life-time for use as a restaurant, —no longer fitting into the plans of the Garden, and being: dilapidated, was removed in the spring of 1908. As it has. not been found expedient to provide another building in which pupils may be lodged, the allowance of money carried by the: scholarships has been increased by the amount formerly spent on the maintenance of the lodge, and the pupils now find lodgings at pleasure in the neighborhood of the Garden. Each scholarship, in addition to free tuition, now carries a money grant of $330.00 for the first year, and $380.00 for each of the remaining three years. Two pupils are expected to have completed the required work by March next, and an announce- ment has been issued, offering the vacated scholarships in accordance with the provisions made by the Board. THE GARDEN STAFF. If unusual attention be here drawn to the men who have been concerned with the operations of the Garden for the past. two decades, warrant is to be found in the express injunction of its founder that the Director shall so employ his energies: * See Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17 3 21. 36 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. that from year to year the institution shall grow up in effi- ciency in promoting the ends in view in its inception,* and the corollary that such efficiency must always result largely from his official associates. To them are due directly im- provements in gardening methods and design, increase in the variety and attractiveness of plants cultivated, adaptation of this collection to the purposes of education and research, care of the enormously enlarged library and herbarium adequate to their preservation and utilization, and personal aid ren- dered to the hundreds of visitors and correspondents whose botanical and horticultural questions are answered each year. That few of these collaborators could be retained in positions commensurate with their maturing qualifications for filling them has been our misfortune rather than theirs, but it is gratifying to know that their services while here not only resulted in the specific ends contemplated, but have also largely contributed to their own advancement. In the year just closed, three such losses have been experienced. At its beginning Dr. Harris, who had served as librarian since 1904, withdrew, to devote his entire time to research work with the Carnegie Institution; and towards its end Dr. Hus, who had spent three years in experimental work at the Garden, accepted an instructorship in the botanical department of the Univer- sity of Michigan. The position of Library Cataloguer which Miss Smoot had held efficiently for over a year was also re- linquished in the autumn, and her duties, with responsible care of the library, have been assumed by Miss Cora Hogan, . who had familiarized herself with them under Miss Smoot’s direction during the earlier part of the year. The professional activity of the Garden staff during the past five years is indicated in a list of publications to which refer- ence has already been made, 107 of the 153 recorded titles being those of publications by employees or pupils of the institution. MAINTENANCE EXPENSE. The expenditures for maintenance of all departments of the Garden, as tabulated inthe annual statements of theSecretary, * Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1 35. Pa TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 37 are shown comparatively in the appended diagram (L). The size and fluctuationsin the largest item, for maintenance of the Garden itself, are especially instructive. During the first years of administration, owing to a large arrearage of deferred re- pairs, this item stood at about $30,000.00 a year, from which, by 1892, some $8,500.00 had been subtracted. The next two years saw a further reduction of about $1,700.00 each, chiefly through better organization and greater intelligence in DIAGRAM L. -$40000 LK 000 (a) GARD 8 ZA =a +$20000 os oF © £15000 ° o il i.) oO t « o N oo Oo fe) 5 i. o x Ng fe) nt o oO Oo fe) fe) fe Oo [e)) fe) oy) oOo (@ oO oO {e) Oo (e) [e) [e) oO © © 0 ‘O oO 0 a oe) (ce) ‘OY Oia Chewen 0 - - Cre = - Cr nd - - bar a - 7 - — aris at = rei | \ce Frick VAR BAN of Seo iz

~, ala ak af — SCHOL. MAINTENANCE EXPENSES, the helpemployed. The minimum, of $18,500.00 to $20,000.00, was maintained until 1899, notwithstanding the addition of a small plant house and provision for increased use of city water in 1894* and 1895,} and a considerable enlargement of the ordi- nary plant houses in 1897. Further additions to the houses * Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6 314. fl.c 7s 14-16. tl.c. 9314, \ 38 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. in 1900* and 1902,f and the subsequent provision of several temporary houses for the growth of chrysanthemums, as well as the maintenance of the North American synopsis since | 1901, the systematic collection of seeds for exchange since 1905,{ and a progressive and notable increase in the wages paid gardeners during the past five years to meet increased cost of living, have caused the original scale of maintenance expenditure to be again reached. Indeed, it is only through undesirable economies that the $30,000.00 mark has not been considerably overstepped every year since 1904—as it must be from this time on. In comparison with the necessarily increasing item for gardening, the other maintenance expenses have remained relatively small and constant. The expenditure on research and the instruction of garden pupils has changed little, year by year, except during the period of Dr. Harris’ connec- tion with the library, when the charging of a considerable part of his salary to the former account increased the figures. The amount spent on both library and herbarium have varied more, following greater or smaller additions of books and specimens. The maintenance of the building erected during the year just closed must appreciably increase the future fixed charges on both the library and the herbarium account, to which I hope to see laboratory expenses added. Because of the large proportion of the Director’s salary so charged, the office expenses have always been relatively large, but they have run fairly uniformly until 1907, when a readjust- ment of this larger item carried them to a higher level, which they are likely to follow for some years with little change. The relation of values to total expenditure on the library and herbarium would afford an interesting detailed study, but this is reserved for a future analysis. It is sufficient to state here that Mr. Shaw’s purpose to establish exchange re- lations between the Garden and other scientific establish- ments—thus far effected mainly through the annual Report of the Garden, the seeds gathered for distribution to corre- spondents, and occasional accumulations of living plants and *L c. 183 13. tlic. 143 14. tl.c.173 29. 18314. 19312. 203 14. TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. 39 of herbarium specimens in duplicate — has resulted not only in making the activities of the Garden generally known, but also in material acquisition in excess of the cost of maintaining the exchanges. SPECIAL TESTAMENTARY PROVISIONS. Four annual events are specifically provided for in the will of Henry Shaw, in connection with the administration of the Garden: a banquet to the Trustees and invited guests; a banquet to the gardeners of the institution and invited flor- ists, nurserymen and market gardeners; premiums or prizes to be offered at a flower show held in St. Louis; and a sermon on the wisdom and goodness of God as shown in the growth of flowers, fruits and other products of the vegetable king- dom. These have received the attention of the Board each year in a manner consonant with the purposes of the testator and calculated to advance the usefulness of the Garden, and have been mentioned in the administrative reports, year by year. In 1908 three of these specific bequests were utilized. The flower sermon was preached in Christ Church Cathedral, St. Louis, on the morning of May 17th, by the Right Reverend E. W. Atwill, Bishop of West Missouri. The Nineteenth Gardeners’ banquet was given at the Mer- cantile Club on the evening of August 12th, 1908. There were present 140 persons, of whom about one-third were mem- bers of the American Apple Growers’ Congress, which was then meeting in St. Louis. Under the provisions of Mr. Shaw’s will, the Director of the Garden presided. Appropri- ate speeches were made by Captain George T. Lincoln, of Bentonville, Arkansas, President of the Arkansas Horticul- tural Society; Honorable Nikola Kaumanns, of Chicago, Im- perial German Agricultural Attaché to the United States; Mr. C. H. Thompson, of the Garden; President L. A. Good- man of the American Pomological Society; Mr. Anton Opper- mann, Secretary of the Gardeners’ Association of St. Louis; Professor H. M. Whelpley, of Washington University, and Honorable Norman J.Colman, former United States Secretary of Agriculture. 40 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. The floral premiums were again awarded through the St. Louis Horticultural Society, at an exhibition held in St. Louis from the third to the sixth of November, 1908. While it is probable that the money which has been spent on these annual events specially designated by the founder of the Garden would have been used for other purposes thought to be more immediately necessary, if the decision had rested with the administration of the institution, there is reason to believe that its general advancement has been sufficiently favored by them to show clearly the wisdom of Mr, Shaw in specifically providing for them. Very respectfully, WILLIAM TRELEASE, Director. Rept. Mo. Bor. Garp., Vou. 20. PLATE 1, EUROPEAN TREE ann HOUSE SPARROWS. SCIENTIFIC PAPERS. ‘SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. BY OTTO WIDMANN. During the summer of 1908 the writer noted on twenty visits to the Missouri Botanical Garden forty species of birds occurring under such circumstances that he is entitled to regard them as breeders in the Garden, although actual proof was not forthcoming in every case. Six species are classed as more or less regular visitors from near-by breeding grounds. This number does not include the score or more of transient visitants which in their bi-annual passage through our region stop at the Garden for a short time in spring and fall, nor those northern guests which come to us in fall, spend the winter with us, and leave us again in spring. The total absence of those species which make their nests in old woodpecker holes or in natural cavities in trees is ac- counted for by the lack of nesting accommodations. Suit- able bird boxes placed in different parts of the Garden would undoubtedly attract the Bluebird and the Purple Martin, probably also the Tufted Tit, Chickadee, Bewick’s Wren, Great Crested Flycatcher and Screech Owl, all of them species which have begun to modify their old way of nesting by accepting artificial nesting sites. House Sparrows, which are likely to take possession of bird boxes intended for Mar- tins, can easily be trained to let them alone by allowing them to hatch their eggs, but robbing them of their young ones before they are able to fly. Such bird boxes become at once abominable to the Sparrow tribe and are severely left alone. After the Martins have built their nest and begun to lay eggs Sparrows are kept off by the Martins themselves. The Bluebird, feeding mainly on the ground, prefers a box not more than eight to ten feet from the ground, while the (41) oe... 2) 42 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. House Sparrow does not care much for a nesting site so low down and easily reached by his greatest enemy, man. For Wrens, Chickadees and Titmice boxes with holes not more | than 14-inch in diameter will do, while for Bluebirds and Martins 14 to 2-inch holes are required, and for Screech Owls 24-inch. Too large a number of Bronzed Grackles and Blue Jays should not be tolerated, because it has been found that, where these species abound, very few tree-nesting birds of smaller size are reared, and in consequence such places are soon de- serted by the smaller birds, among them some of our best songsters. That the nest robbing boy is busy in even such sacred places as Shaw’s Garden is evidenced by the fact that nests, known to be with nearly fully grown young one week, had been entirely removed the following week. The numerous hedges of dense shrubbery in the new part of the Garden, de- voted to the North American Synopsis, have induced several species formerly little known in the Garden to nest therein, among them Bell’s Vireo, Yellow Warbler, Maryland Yellow- throat, Chat, Traill’s Flycatcher and Indigo Bunting. The meadow has attracted several pairs of Meadowlarks and Quails and the lake invites not only the Kingfisher to frequent visits, but also numbers of Swifts and Martins, which like to hunt over water when on cool days flying insects are scarce else- where. The ripening mulberries are an attraction for flocks of Cedarbirds in early June and the many beautiful flowers charm numbers of Hummingbirds later in summer after they have finished their domestic duties in other less frequented places. Denizens. QUAIL OR BOB-WHITE. Colinus virginianus. From the first of May to the last of July the Bob-White is one of the birds oftenest heard, but seldom seen. It is at home in the Garden all the year round, but the loud, clear whistle ‘“ bob-white”’ is only heard during the breeding season. In winter we meet with a covey of a dozen or so in quiet places, where we may see them cross our way, one walking SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 43 behind the other from cover to cover, or coming upon them suddenly we may be startled by the loud whirring sound which they make when all take wing at once. Pairs are noticed in April and eggs are laid in May, but the cutting of the grass and weeds is likely to disturb them or, by ruining the already commenced brood, force them to make another attempt in some quiet spot. The well-known Quail is a very handsome bird of a much variegated coloration, a reddish brown varied with black and white as the leading colors; the female is somewhat smaller with the general coloration subdued, less black and the white less pure. As the Quail is not only a handsome bird, but also a very beneficial one, destroying numbers of injurious insects in all stages of development all the year around, it deserves all the protection the farmer and gardener can give it. MOURNING DOVE. Zenaidura macroura. One pair of these lovely creatures made its home within the confines of the Garden. The doleful cooing of the male is one of the first sounds of Nature in early spring and is con- tinued with more or less frequency throughout summer. The gentle and familiar Dove likes to nest near human habitations, knowing that good people are the best protection against its many enemies. The Doves of St. Louis and surrounding country have a particular liking for park-like gardens, where Spruces afford them secure nesting sites before deciduous trees become leafy enough to hide their frail structure. Ar- riving already paired about March 25, the peculiar far-reach- ing love-notes coo-coo, coo-coo betray their presence at once and the graceful airy evolutions of the playful birds are a fine treat to the Nature lover. If the weather permits, arrangements for the first brood are made early in April and the one or two young ones leave the nest about the first of June, when preparations for a second brood are made. It seems that three broods are sometimes attempted, as nests with eggs have been found late in August and September, but as a rule Doves have deserted their breed- ing grounds by the middle of August, retiring to the wheat 44 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. stubble, where they pick up waste grain, but chiefly seeds of wild grasses and weeds with which the fields are rapidly over- grown after the grain has been removed. SCREECH OWL. Megascops asio. On its twilight excursions after beetles, moths, katydids and similar favorite dishes the Screech Owl appears on summer evenings on the lawn in front of Dr. Trelease’s residence, much to the amusement of his family. Its soft doleful notes belong to the most delectable sounds in Nature and have nothing of the discordant screams, for which other members of the Owl family are renowned. Its name is, therefore, one of the many misnomers, for which we have to thank the early settlers, who instead of giving new names to the new birds of the New World applied names of European birds in an arbi- trary, and often inappropriate, manner. Quail, Partridge,. Pheasant, Robin, Redstart, Tree Sparrow, Meadowlark are some of these appellations, but Screech Owl is the most offen- sive. These active little owls are excellent mousers and should therefore be protected and not destroyed, as they often are by misinformed or ill-willed persons, who take pleasure in magnifying the faults of their fellow-creatures in order to justify their desire to destroy. They may be attracted to a place by putting up suitable bird-houses, in which they can build their nest and hide in daytime and make themselves at home all the year round, being permanent residents in cur region. YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO. Coccyzus americanus. This is the common Rain Crow of our region. Its queer notes are often heard in sultry weather, but if the gardener were to rely on its prophecy of rain, his plants would suffer irreparable damage. During the summer of 1908 its voice was one of the com- mon sounds in the Garden; it was given in full with a long series of clucks and cows at the beginning of summer and in an ab- breviated form in July, short cow-cows which may be mis- SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 45 taken for the notes of the Mourning Dove at a distance. But the Cuckoo of the Garden was not only a voice, it was also a common sight, as, contrary to its reputed aversion to long flights over open ground, its long-tailed, slender form was frequently seen gliding from one part of the Garden to an- other. Though its body is not longer than that of a Robin, its two and one-third inches longer tail brings its whole length nearer to that of a Dove, for which it might be mistaken at times. Its glossy white underparts in sharp contrast with the brown upper parts are good marks for recognition and the peculiar outline of the bird on wing, together with its straight swift flight, distinguish it at once from all other birds of simi- lar size. Since hairy caterpillars are its favorite food, there is no more useful bird in the Garden than the Rain Crow, though its promises of rain may not always be fulfilled. BLACK-BILLED CUCKOO. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus. While the Yellow-billed Cuckoo is by far the more common of the two species in this section of the United States, a pair of Black-billed Cuckoos also chose the Garden for a summer abode. At first sight the two species resemble each other closely in shape, color and size, the small difference of half an inch in the length of this smaller species being hardly perceivable, but even in flight the Black-billed can be distinguished from the other by the absence of the cinnamon color of the wings, which in this species are glossy brown like the back. Seen from below the Black-billed has very little white at the tips of the brown tailfeathers, while the Yellow-billed shows con- spicuous white patches on the end of the black tailfeathers. In good light the color of the bill tells the species easily apart, but it is only the lower mandible which is yellow in the one and black in the other, while the upper is black in both. The red color around the eye in the erythrophthalmus is visible only with a field glass. In fall the young of the year are not quite so easily distinguished, all characteristics being less apparent, especially the marks on the tailfeathers and the yy ee ee 46 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. color of the wings. In calls and general behavior, in food and nesting habits there is but little difference except in the eggs, which are smaller and darker blue in the Black-billed. Both species arrive from the winter quarters about the first of May and withdraw at the same time, about the first of October. RED-HEADED WOODPECKER. Melanerpes erythrocephalus. The Woodpecker family is sparsely represented in the Gar- den during the breeding season. The Downy and the Hairy visit the Garden in winter and the Yellow-bellied Wood- pecker in spring and fall, but the beautiful Redhead and the hardly less showy Flicker are the only summer guests and even these are not as plentiful as one would wish. Both species seek the friendship of man and deserve it not only from an esthetic point of view, but also from that of utility. The Redhead may go for a little fruit in the orchard, especially cherries, but it deserves every one by its great help in keeping down injurious insects. Red, white and black, in large pat- tern, is the festive garb of the Redhead and a jolly good fellow it is, always ready for play and frolic. Sometimes it beats the drum a little too early in the morning on the roof of our suburban homes, but we readily forgive the disturber when we see how much confidence he places in us by chisel-. ing his nest hole fearlessly where all can see it. A few winter with us, but the great mass comes to us about April 20, when after a favorable night their long-forsaken old haunts are populated again and their loud gutteral croaks are heard everywhere. As mysterious as their arrival in spring is their departure in fall, when about the middle of September their haunts are deserted, though the day before Redheads were as numerous and noisy as ever. NORTHERN FLICKER. Colaptes auratus luteus. Few birds are better known than the Flicker. This is proved by the many common names by which it is known to different people. Some call it High-holder or Yellowhammer, SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 47 others Pigeon Woodpecker, and the books have it as Yellow- shafted, Yellow-winged and Golden-winged Woodpecker. Fortunately the Garden harbors two pairs of Flickers and from their return to us in March till July their several calls, love and alarm notes, were among the sounds most commonly heard. Neither in feeding nor in their ludicrous courtship did the pretty birds in the least endeavor to evade observa- tion, allowing near approach. Such a behavior is much at variance with that in places where shooting is going on, as for instance around Creve Coeur Lake, where Flickers have learned that constant vigilance is the price of liberty and life, and where you sce the poor birds at ease only on the highest tree tops. Ordinarily Flickers feed mostly on the ground, their favorite food being ants, but beetles, weevils, grass- hoppers and other insects constitute part of their diet, mixed with some vegetable food in the shape of wild fruit, grass and weed seeds. Since ants are a pest in a garden, protecting and spreading the destructive aphids or plant lice, the Flick- er’s activity is very welcome. The Flicker is too well known to need description, but it may not be amiss to say that it may easily be known even at a great dstance by its white rump. CHIMNEY SWIFT. Chaetura pelagica. Though not frequently seen to enter chimneys on the premises, Swifts are in the air above the Garden most of the time from their arrival in April till their departure in Oc- tober. They are attracted to the place by the trees among which many insects find shelter in cool, rainy or windy weather. Being on the hunt all the time, they are good indicators of the whereabouts of winged insects; on warm, calm days, espe- cially in sultry weather and before a storm they are circling at great heights; on windy days and after rains we see them fly low over the ground, and when the air is too dry and cool over the land, they join the Swallows over the water. Except during incubation we seldom see one Swift alone; they are very social birds and their great power of wing allows them to indulge their social tastes to a great extent and yet find enough a |) eee 48 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, to eat. Unlike short-winged birds which require a certain domain to furnish the needed amount of food for themselves and young, and for that reason have to separate more or less according to the nature of their food and home, the long- winged birds can live all the year around in large companies and still find enough food, for they can in a short time travel great distances to procure it. Many whose nesting habits allow it, breed even in large colonies, but the Swift can not do it, because his former nesting in hollow trees and his present occupation of unused chimneys do not permit the presence of more than a few nests together, as for the sake of cleanliness they do not build their small saucer-shaped nests one directly below another. But as soon as the young can fly, many fam- ilies use one chimney for a common roost, and when migra- tion begins their numbers are swelled by transients forming aggregations of several hundreds, all entering one chimney for rest and sleep. KINGBIRD. Tyrannus tyrannus. Among country people the Kingbird is one of the best- known birds, because it likes farm land, where fields, mead- ows and pastures are beset with clusters of trees and where ponds or creeks are not far off. In the Garden, the new part with its meadow and lake attracted a pair of this eminent member of the Flycatcher family, and much of its animation was due to the strange twittering notes and the peculiar hov- ering flight of this pair. Nearly of the size of a Robin, but black above and white beneath, the Kingbird can easily be identified when perched upon some favorite prominence, and the white tips of its tailfeathers are a good mark for recogni- tion when in flight. Farmers who are wise protect these birds, not only because of the flycatching quality, but for the good reason that it is a protector of his fowl, assailing and driving off any hawk and crow which makes its appearance in the neighborhood. Fool- ish people call it Bee Martin and kill the poor bird, because they see it sometimes near their bee-hives, believing that it eats many bees, but careful investigation has shown that this SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 49 is a mistake. Out of 281 stomachs only fourteen contained bees, and of the fifty bees found therein forty were drones; only four working bees were positively identified, the rest being too much broken up to tell the sex. But fourteen rob- berflies, enemies of the bee, were also found in these stomachs, more than enough to make up for the few working bees. CRESTED FLYCATCHER. Myiarchus crinitus. While the Kingbird chooses the open land where trees are not plentiful, this member of the family prefers the forest and more or less open woods. In the Garden a pair is making its home in the arboretum, where for two months, May and June, its loud, harsh voice greets the visitor at all times of the day. About the size of a Robin, the originator of the queer notes is easily discovered, and even if the bird should leave its perch to elude a closer scrutinizing of its green coat and yellow waist below a pearl-gray throat, a glance at its rusty tail suf- fices for identification. During the mating period and when in search of a serviceable cavity for a nest, the interesting pair is easily watched, but after the nesting site has once been selected and nidification begun, it becomes more and more secretive and takes pains not to betray the whereabout of its offspring. Often mentioned in books, and deservedly so, is a peculiarity which this species shares with others of its genus in subtropical and tropical America, namely the use of snake skin in the make-up of its nest. Covering the eggs with it during temporary absence, the intention is undoubtedly to hide the eggs and scare intruders by the make-believe that the hole is the home of a snake. WOOD PEWEE. Contopus virens. The Pewee is originally a true woodland bird, but unlike other denizens of the forest which disappear entirely with the forest, it has long ago begun to accept the condition that civi- lization imposes and is now putting up with substitutes such as parks, cemeteries, and even large orchards. Fortunately, one pair is content with an abode in the more densely wooded part of the Garden, the arboretum. For most 4 50 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. people the Pewee is only a voice, as it is a somber looking bird of the size of a sparrow, very dark greenish above and dull yellowish white beneath, and appears seldom in the open, doing its flycatching chiefly amidst the branches of trees; but its voice is something unique, a long-drawn pewee with the accent on the second syllable. This genuine woodland note is heard throughout summer, often when all nature seems to be asleep in the noon heat of the dog-days, and at dusk long after most other birds are at rest. Like all other mem- bers of the Flycatcher family the Pewee belongs to the most beneficial inhabitants of any place, because, living almost wholly on winged insects, it never touches any cultivated fruit. Unfortunately its beautiful moss-covered, saucer- shaped nest, saddled on a horizontal bough and well out of reach of enemies below, is too easily accessible to tree-inhab- iting nest robbers, and this may be the reason why they are never plentiful in places where Squirrels and Blue Jays abound. TRAILL’S FLYCATCHER. Hmpidonaz trailit. Every species of bird has a preference for a certain kind of surrounding wherein to make its home. Many choose the deep forest, some the edge of the forest or clearings, others select open country where trees stand far apart or in scat- tered clumps. Some want meadows with or without trees, some want them dry, others wet; some are found only in the immediate vicinity of water, others never very far from it. Traill’s Flycatcher is one of the birds that like low trees and shrubbery near water in partly open country, and is never found in the forest which it leaves entirely to a very near relative, the Acadian Flycatcher. In the Garden one pair has made its home in the arboretum along the creeklet, and two pairs in the new part, the North American Synopsis, which with its large pond and clear running water makes a perfect home for this and several other species. It requires quite a little watching to become acquainted with Traill’s Flycatcher, for, though not very shy, it escapes notice easily on account of its unassuming dress and quick movements. The only time when we cannot help noticing it is when, perched on some SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 51 eminence, it utters its loud peculiar whittichee, a note unlike any other bird’s song and therefore easily remembered when once known. As this note serves as its song, it is only given during the breeding season and ceases about the middle of July, after which time only a short whitt is heard and the bird seldom seen, removing with its young ones to the most retired places. BLUE JAY. Cyanocitta cristata. Rather strangely, Blue Jays are seldom seen in the Gar- den except during their migrations in spring and fall, and one pair only chooses it fora summer home. Blue Jays are quite an ornament to any park, but their presence during nesting time does not seem to be good for the smaller birds. The scarcity of these in our large cemeteries in the northern part of the city may be accounted for by the large number of Blue Jays and Squirrels in those places. Fortunately there are no Squirrels in Shaw’s Garden, and it is hoped none will be allowed in it, but the number of Blue Jays and Bronzed Grackles should always be kept limited to a very few pairs during breeding time. There are very few people who have actually witnessed an attack of a Blue Jay upon eggs or nest- lings of small birds, but the fury with which such birds are often seen to chase Blue Jays from the vicinity of their nests — and the bitter complaints we hear after such visits permit the surmise that the perpetration of such crimes is not rare. At all other times save the breeding season, and particularly so in winter, the vivacious fellow in his fine livery is welcome every- where, especially in the Garden, which is almost entirely de- serted by birds from November till March. He has a variety of notes, which are used to best advantage when he detects a hawk or owl. On sunny days in cold winter owls like to come out of their holes to enjoy the warm rays of the sun, but there is not much enjoyment left after a Blue Jay has discovered his owlship. The news is spread in a minute and the Jays of the neighborhood respond promptly; soon the tree is full of Jays and the air full of their vociferations; the best thing the poor owl can do is to go back into its hole. 52 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. crow. Corvus brachyrhynchos. Adjoining the arboretum and forming a part of the Shaw estate is a large pasture. Crows like pastures, especially when they are next to a piece of timber with trees large enough to hold their nest. The arboretum has some stately trees of different kinds where a pair of Crows can hide a nest and raise a brood of youngsters without molestation. Although bulky, their nest is placed in such a happy way that it does not readily strike the eye of the passer-by. Crows are very clever in avoiding betrayal of their nest; at other times noisy and even boisterous, they are silent about their domestic affairs, so much so that during the period of incubation they seem to have left the neighborhood entirely. Even when feeding young, not much is heard or seen of them until the young have left the nest and are able to fly, when for several weeks the clamor of theever-hungry youngsters announces the fact that the maligned bird has succeeded in raising a brood in spite of universal persecution. Farmers accuse the black visitors to their fields of pulling corn and stealing hens’ eggs, but most of them admit that they have no proof of such misdeeds them- selves, only hearing it from others and seeing the birds on their field in corn-planting time. That Crows sometimes rob birds’ nests of their eggs has been attested by eye-witnesses, but whether this is a trait of the whole race or only of indi- viduals has not been definitely settled. Because some blacks are thieves, it would be unjust to take it for granted that all are thieves. COWBIRD. Molothrus ater. April, May and June are the months when Cowbirds visit the Garden. The first few days after their arrival from the south solitary males are seen flying over or alighting on the highest tree tops, scanning the surrounding country and after uttering a few times their peculiar guttural song-notes disap- pearing as suddenly as they had come. A few days later small parties composed of two or three males and one or two females take the place of the solitary males. These little SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 4 companies keep together, roaming through the country, court- ing and contributing to the amusement of Nature lovers by their grotesque attitudes and queer gestures as well as by their strange utterances. In May and June, while still con- spicuous roamers and frequenters of the same places as before, they are also met with singly or in twos, a male accompany- ing a female, moving stealthily through the lower branches of trees or through underbrush in search of a depository for their eggs. Later in summer young Cowbirds are sometimes seen being fed by other birds, but the old Cowbirds do not care what becomes of their eggs after they are trusted to the care of some warbler or other songster. Having finished their task of oviposition the old Cowbirds leave the grounds entirely and withdraw to farmland, over which they rove in flocks in search of food, being joined by the young ones when able to fly and to take care of themselves. These flocks retire southward in October, but small parties and single individuals remain with other Blackbirds into and sometimes through winter. MEADOWLARK. Sturnella magna. One of the most valuable constituents of the avifauna of the Garden is the handsome, cheerful Meadowlark, several of which persevered on the meadow of the Synopsis in spite of repeated grass cuttings and the attendant destruction of their nests. Though feeding entirely on the ground where they are easily overlooked, they have the praiseworthy habit of flying up to some eminence, sometimes to the highest tree top, to give vent to their somewhat harsh but not unmusical song. Besides this song of the male, both sexes have a loud chatter, apparently an expression of exuberant joy, fre- quently given, especially in the Garden, where they enjoy a protection which they do not find everywhere, as the poor bird is still regarded as a game bird in spite of Audubon soci- eties and prohibiting laws. Doing no harm in any way and living almost entirely on insects, and being with us from Feb- ruary till November, the farmers and horticulturists ought. to do all they can to preserve the bird as one of their best allies in the war against insect pests. In spring and fall the: 54 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. pasture in the rear of the Garden is a favorite retreat for large troops of migrating Meadowlarks, and their cheery song and low chatter may be heard before the last snow of winter has disappeared as well as on cold gloomy days before their departure in November and after all other summer birds are gone. On farm land protected from the pot-hunter some Meadowlarks brave the rigors of our winters, but the great mass goes to the Gulf states, where they are found not only on cultivated land, but also in the open pine woods, keeping company with the Bobwhites, Bluebirds, and others usually associated with cultivated land only. RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD. Agelaiws phoeniceus. The male Red-winged Blackbird with its bright red epau- lets upon a deep black dress is an ornament to every surround- ing, and we are fortunate in having a few pairs of them breed- ing in the Garden. They make their nests always near water, preferably on swampy ground, and are therefore often called Swamp Blackbirds. There is not much ground of a swampy nature in the Garden, but a pond in the arboretum answers the purpose, and it is there that the “concuree”’ of the just re- turned old Mr. Redwing greets us about the middle of March. During the first few weeks his voice may be heard only for a short time in the morning, as he comes only to tell us that he intends to be back on his old breeding ground for another season. His social nature calls him back to his comrades in _ the bottomland to feed and roost, and during wintry spells he may not show up for several days; but with the return of pleasant weather he will make up for lost time and sing his concuree with vim from morning till night. He may now be joined by a few other males, also promising to stay, but his mate does not join him until the swamp vegetation has made such progress that there is a safe prospect of enough cattail and similar plants wherein to hide her nest. Male Redwings are ardent lovers, and it is due to. the prudence of the female that broods are not attempted before the season is so far ad- vanced that she can hope for success in the rearing of her only brood of three or four youngsters. During the mating season, SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 55 which is at its height about the first of May, males and females are both very conspicuous and noisy, the latter with a loud peculiar note which is often uttered while on wing. After the nests are built and incubation has begun, the female becomes more and more retiring, but the male keeps up its concuree while watching over the environs of his nest. Trespassers are met with loud, screaming notes of alarm and, when incuba- tion is advanced or young ones in the nest, he becomes bolder and circles above the head of the intruder in a menacing way. If no accident happens to the nest, in which case a second attempt will be made, the young of an old pair can be on the wing before the end of June, but the offspring of young pairs, which go to housekeeping several weeks later than the old folks, may not be able to leave the nest before the end of July. A family of Redwings was still present in the Garden in early August, but as soon as the young are able to fly well and have learned to find their own food, all say good-by to the Garden and do not frequent their breeding haunts again till the fol- lowing spring. ORCHARD ORIOLE. Icterus spurius. For vivacity of song and sprightliness of manners the Or- chard Oriole takes the palm and although only one pair graced the Garden with its presence in the summer of 1908, the cast- ern part of the Synopsis was resounding with the far-reaching peculiar song from early in May till the first of July, when de- mands of the clamoring young took up all the time of both parents, leaving none for song. Unfortunately the stay of Orchard Orioles on their breeding grounds is a very short one, as they desert them as soon as the young are fully grown and able to follow their parents, roaming through the country in search of their favorite wild cherries, wild grapes and similar delicacies which make up their chief diet before their depar- ture in August. Orchard Orioles which we hear singing in July are usually males of the second year, 7. e. not more than one year old, easily distinguished, because wearing an entirely different dress from the black and chestnut livery prescribed for the older gentlemen, A black patch reaching from bill 56 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. to breast is the only mark by which we can tell a young male from the uniformly green and yellow female, but these green youths breed in this plumage and raise a family the same as the black and chestnut older males, only a little later in the season. Although there is a certain characteristic timbre, by which we can easily tell an Orchard Oriole’s song from that of any other bird, every individual songster has its own peculiar melody, by which we are able to distinguish individ- uals so well, that it is even possible to recognize them again in following years. BALTIMORE ORIOLE. Icterus galbula. One excited, love-sick Baltimore can fill acres of suburban ground with his shrill, impatient whistle, which is uttered with wonderful diligence and perseverance until he has found an affectionate partner, when his notes lose much of their wildness and become at times a mellow love song of real beauty. No one with eyes to see and ears to hear can long remain unacquainted with this strikingly beautiful bird in its unique attire of bright orange and deep black. The Balti- more is a great favorite with country people and knows it and repays kindness and good will by building its nest, a pendu- lous pouch of six or more inches in length, from the extremity of a swaying branch as near as possible to the farm house, often in the very tree which shades the yard. So well con- structed are these nests and so firmly attached that they are usually hanging throughout winter, but never used a second time. In the weaving of the nest, which is the work of the female alone, vegetable fibres of great.strength are used, tak- ing them from different plants according to locality, also ac- cepting such material as thread, twine and braid and inter- weaving them with the natural filaments. In the Gulf states southern moss (Tillandsia) is sometimes used exclusively. At Old Orchard several generations made their nests entirely of horse hair, very beautiful fabrics and of great strength, re- maining in the trees for years until the holding twigs were broken off by storms. With increasing family cares Balti- more songs give way to mere chatters and calls and are soon SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 57 replaced by the clamor of the hungry brood, begging continu- ally for food. With their silence we find that the whole fam- ily has departed and the species almost entirely disappeared until migration begins in August, when at rare intervals their beloved voice greets our ear again and shy birds are seen flit- ting from treetop to treetop. BRONZED GRACKLE. Quiscalus quiscula aeneus. A few Bronzed Grackles walking on the lawn, busily en- gaged in feeding, are certainly objects of real beauty and ele- gance. It needs no direct sunshine, even diffused light re- veals a splendor of color not easily surpassed. The head and neck are a rich, deep prussian blue with a violaceous gloss, which changes in places to a green metallic iridescence. This exquisite coloration is abruptly defined against the intense golden bronze of the back; wings and tail are purplish black. Its slender form is admirably proportioned and well balanced by the long, broad tail; its walk 1s graceful and its carriage elegant to a degree. The expression of its yellow watchful eye bespeaks the owner of more than ordinary intelligence, and whoever has kept one as a pet will bear witness that this is true. With kind treatment it becomes remarkably tame, and being docile can be trained to enjoy the freedom of house and garden, and be a source of much amusement to the family. In the wild state, too, it easily comprehends whether it is liked or not, and becomes truly confiding where not molested, while it is one of the shyest, most wary birds where persecuted. A small colony of them finds an asylum in the arboretum and contributes largely to the life of that part of the Garden from the latter part of March till July. The time of courting and mating is the period of their greatest conspicuousness. Fill- ing the air with their squeaky voices and chasing each other, often two or three males after one female, they act as if they were the sole owners of the place until all are paired and nidifi- cation becomes their all absorbing occupation. It is at this time that people are apt to call them boat-tailed, for, when on wing, the excited male carries its long tail folded upward from the middle, causing the semblance of a keeled boat. 58 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. AMERICAN GOLDFINCH. Astragalinus tristis. In late summer and early autumn, when some of the sum- mer sojourners have left their breeding grounds and the re- maining ones are all more or less elusive, the Goldfinch plays a prominent part in the bird life of the Garden. Goldfinches are notoriously late breeders, and it is only about the middle of August that their three or four young ones are ready to accompany their parents to the inviting beds of seed-bearing composites, so plentiful in the Garden. Two families, reared on the premises, had their headquarters in the arboretum and Synopsis throughout September and October and felt so much at home that they paid little attention to visitors, keeping unconcernedly at their task of removing akenes from recep- tacles within a few feet of the observer. They even invited attention by uttering their pleasing canary-like notes when- ever they alighted or changed their perch. Being very fond of running water for drinking and bathing they were often met with at the little brook in the Synopsis. When after the first frost in October the flower beds, which had supplied their favorite food, were cleared, they joined the flocks of ground feeding Juncos and other members of the sparrow family and disappeared with them at the end of the month. Long before their departure the males had changed their handsome black- trimmed yellow livery for a plain brownish traveling suit, not much different from that of the female and young. Roving troops of Goldfinches may visit the Garden temporarily dur- ing the winter and flocks of north-bound wanderers will stop over in April and early in May, but it will be June before pairs leave their comrades and begin to look around for a nesting site. HOUSE SPARROW. Passer domesticus. The House Sparrow is a wonderful bird. Less than two thousand individuals introduced from Europe between 1851 and 1881 have increased to many millions, which have over- spread the whole United States from one end to the other. Wherever there are occupied human habitations there is the SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 59 House Sparrow, not only along railroads, highways and rivers, but in the remotest settlements. At St. Louis the first were introduced in 1869, a few pairs only, but it seems they have multiplied from the start, as Sparrows were seen in widely separated parts of the city as early as the autumn of 1871 and they had taken possession of the entire city in 1875. Since then, in spite of all persecution and scrious adversities, their increase has not been checked and the Garden retains its quota, giving it life and animation in the dreary winter months, when all other birds have deserted it with exception of a few of the hardiest kinds. As no nesting boxes are provided on the premises, they have to build their nests in places where they would not get permission from the director, if they asked for it, as these are built much more for warmth and comfort than for ornament. There are no better parents among birds than the House Sparrows. Although they like society, they still find time to raise two or three broods of four or five young each season. No trouble is too much for them; if their nest is removed this evening, by noon tomorrow it will all be car- ried back again and this may be done for several days in suc- cession. A Sparrow never deserts its young; should one of the parents be killed, the other will do the work alone; should one of the young fall from the nest before it can fly, it will not be lost, the parents will feed it and see that it gets into a safe place. If one is put in a cage, the mother will feed it for days and weeks, even if she has to enter a room to get to it. The House Sparrow has several remarkably good qualities, to which it owes its marvelous multiplication and unparalleled spread. Some of its foremost traits, as for instance its re- puted egotism and lack of consideration for others, are so human-like and undoubtedly the result of its ages of contact with man, that they have earned for the poor bird the deadly hatred of just those persons who possess these traits them- selves in a high degree. EUROPEAN TREE SPARROW. Passer montanus. This lovely little bird should be known to every St. Louisan not only because St. Louis and vicinity is the only place in 60 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. America where it occurs, but principally in order to avoid mistaking it for its cousin, the House Sparrow, to which it has a general resemblance. It has the same reddish brown black-streaked back, but differs from it in having the top of the head a light chocolate instead of the deep gray of the male, or light brown of the female House Sparrow. While the black patch of the adult male House Sparrow covers chin, throat and breast, the Tree Sparrow has a much smaller black spot covering the chin only. But the best mark by which to know the Tree Sparrow is a black round spot on the side of the head, surrounded by the white cheek and therefore easily noticed. The Tree Sparrow is a little smaller and the sexes are alike in coloration, even the young in the nest having the black spots on ears and chin already indicated, while the female and young of the House Sparrow have no black markings about the head and neck at all. The history of this exclusively St. Louisan species is inter- esting. During the first ten years after the Civil War it was quite a fad among nature lovers in the United States to attempt the acclimatization of European singing birds; well-meaning persons in all parts of the country imported or bought them from bird dealers and set them free, but, unfortunately, with very poor results as far as St. Louis is concerned. Among a lot of different kinds of birds, such as Chaffinches, Bullfinches, Greenfinches, Goldfinches and Siskins, bought by Messrs. Carl Daenzer and Kleinschmidt, there were twenty European Tree Sparrows. All these birds were liberated in Lafayette Park on April 25, 1870. After a few days all had left the park and nothing was scen of any of them, though sometimes unauthenticated reports came in that this or that bird had been seen at such and such a place. The Tree Sparrows were the only ones found to have taken root in the city, for in the summer of the following year it was discovered that they were quite at home in the vicinity of breweries in the southern part of the city. From that time on their future seemed to be se- cure; they had no trouble in finding food and nesting sites, were well liked, and spread farther from year to year. But in the meantime their larger cousins, the House Sparrows, which had made their original start from the center of town SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 61 and had become more and more abundant, began to invade the domain of the Tree Sparrows, driving them out of their nesting and roosting places, thereby forcing them farther and farther toward the outskirts of the city. In 1878 the inva- sion of the House Sparrows and expulsion of the Tree Spar- row reached the old city limits at Keokuk street, where the writer lived at that time; but it did not stop there, but kept on until at present there are very few places in the city where the Tree Sparrow survives. Even in the suburbs it has a hard stand against its stronger cousin, but finds sometimes holes which the bigger House Sparrow cannot enter or which do not seem safe enough for him, because too low down. It is there- fore easy to understand, how the weaker of the two species became a tree sparrow, being everywhere forced to the trees outside of towns, though both are equally anxious to profit by the advantages which an all year residence near human habitations affords. In countries where the House Sparrow does not occur, as in China, the so-called Tree Sparrow is the regular House Sparrow and in undisputed possession of all towns, large and small. While an increase in the number of the already too abundant English House Sparrow is not de- sirable, our St. Louis Tree Sparrow needs and deserves all pro- tection we can give, and St. Louisans should severely dis- criminate between the two species, encouraging the one, dis- couraging the other. If no discrimination is made and war is waged against Sparrows, it is very likely that the innocent Tree Sparrow is the greater sufferer of the two, because of its strangely confiding ways, trusting to the good will of man in- stead of fleecing with its much more cunning cousin at the first signs of danger. While it shares the best qualities of its cousin, it is not aggressive and pugnacious against other birds, nor quarrelsome among its own kind, but always gentle and very much attached to each other; its tones, too, are more pleasing and become even musical when concerting in chorus, one of their favorite pastimes. Fortunately, Shaw’s Garden has always been, and still is, one of the few places in St. Louis where the Tree Sparrow has found refuge and succeeds in raising a few broods. It would be desirable to see boxes put up for their exclusive use, which could be done by placing 62 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. them too low down for the House Sparrow, but inaccessible to cats, boys, coons and other inveterate nest robbers. CHIPPING SPARROW. Spizella socialis. Before the introduction of the English House Sparrow a Chippy was always a Chippy or Chipping Sparrow, that slender graceful member of the Sparrow family, which made its nest in the nearest vine, shrub or tree in the garden and came fear- lessly to the house to pick up the crumbs. N owadays when we hear city people speak of a Chippy, we do not know whether the real Chippy is meant or the English House Sparrow, most probably the latter. Another name for it is Hairbird, be- cause its pretty little nest is always lined with horse hair, which gives it a neat, clean appearance; but call it by any name. it is always the same gentle creature that is well known to most country people for its familiarity and self-complacency in the rendition of its unpretending song. This is of no great. value judged from a musical standpoint, but it fills its place well and makes up in quantity for any shortcoming in quality. As the Chippy makes two broods in a season, its song period is not confined to a few weeks in spring as is the case with many other songsters, but performances are renewed in the heat of summer, when its high-pitched ditty is often the only thing heard. As it lives on insects and weed seeds and feeds its young entirely on insects, doing only good and no harm, its extended stay in the Garden from March to October is to be encouraged, and confusion with the less welcome English House Sparrow should be carefully avoided. Only two pairs were found breeding in the summer of 1908, while there would be room for ten times as many in the different parts of the grounds. Wintering in our southern states and eager to return to its breeding grounds as early as possible, it has some- times to suffer by late wintry spells, and the present general reduction in the number of Chippies can be traced to the ab- normally cold spring of 1907. SONG SPARROW. Melospiza cinerea melodia. For St. Louisans to listen in the summer to the song of a Song Sparrow is a rare treat. Up to the last few years no SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 63 Song Sparrow remained to breed in St. Louis, but in 1907 _ and 1908 one pair made its summer home in Shaw’s Garden, - and the fine song of the male greeted the visitor almost as - soon as he entered. Most birds are in the habit of mounting a prominent perch for the delivery of their song, and our new friend often chose the head of the statue of Juno inthe sunken garden, from where he could be heard all over the most fre- quented part of the Garden. The dense hedges in grandma’s garden afforded a safe retreat and hiding place at all times, probably also for its nest. Large numbers of Song Sparrows come to us from the north in October, stay a few weeks and pass on southward; a small number remains with us all winter, chiefly in river and creek bottoms, where rank vegetation offers shelter and food. In early spring the great mass passes again through Missouri on their way to their breeding grounds in the northern states and Canada, but as breeders Song Sparrows were formerly considered rare even in southern Iowa. It is only in the last decade that it has become evident that the species is slowly extending its breeding range southward. When ten years ago the writer found a pair nesting at Maple Lake, St. Charles Co., Mo., he considered that the most southern locality. Since then he has met with the species twice in the northern part of St. Louis, and lately even as far south as St. Genevieve. Its occurrence in summer in the Garden is therefore of more than ordinary interest and its reappearance in future seasons to be anticipated with pleasure. ; TOWHEE. Pipilo erythrophthalmus. Nearly of the size of a robin, this stately aristocrat among the ground sparrows catches the eye of even the most uninter- ested visitors of the Garden by the showy juxtaposition of its colors, the deep black of head, neck and back, the clear chestnut of the sides and the pure white of breast and belly. Its abrupt and startling note ‘“towhee,” with which the male generally introduces himself, is not less striking than his ap- pearance; it is heard at all times during his stay with us from early in March till the end of October, and betrays his pres- 64 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, ence scores of times when not a glimpse of him can be had in the dense undergrowth. A softer “t’whee” in answer to his stentorian warnings indicates that his lady is not far away and is aware of the impending danger. His real song, a bell- like note of great strength, is heard only in the breeding sea- son, when, perched on some eminence, usually less than twenty feet above ground, but sometimes on the uppermost branch of a high tree, he is extremely liberal with it for hours at a time. The female, which has the black replaced by brown, is one of the most secretive birds and therefore comparatively seldom seen; but both, male and female, are easily identified, even when trying to avoid a close acquaintance, by the broadly white-edged and white-tipped black tail, spread wide open in their singularly jerky flight. When busily engaged in feeding, which is almost always done on the ground, the loud rustling of dry leaves often announces their presence, and by careful watching we see them jumping up and tossing with both feet the dry leaves backward in order to get at the different forms of insects in hiding underneath. Only one pair located in the Garden this year, but with the increase of shrubbery will come an increase in the number of this desir- able songster. CARDINAL. Cardinalis cardinalis. Of the whole bird population of the Garden there are only four species which might be called permanent residents, 7. e. of which the same individuals inhabit the grounds all the year round, namely the Bob-white, Flicker, Mocking-bird and the Redbird or Cardinal. Birds of such bright plumage as the Redbird are usually associated with tropical and subtropical climates, and it is therefore a great surprise to many people to see the vermilioned bird contrasting with the snows of our wintry landscape. It is his robust constitution and his fac- ulty to put up with any kind of food, vegetable and animal, which allow him to endure our low temperatures. His power- ful bill can crush the hardest seeds and his skill in scratching the floor of his home supplies him with insect food at a time of the year when we might suppose none could be had. Hecer- tainly does not seem to suffer from hunger even in midwinter, SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 65 for on calm, bright days he cheers his mate with his sweet song, which has such a human quality that we are tempted to answer, but we rather leave it to herself, who, a rare thing among birds, has the gift of song and cere ie whistle in a subdued tone, befitting her subdued colors and modest ways. That Pelleinatched pairs of birds remain paired and together all the year is demonstrated by our Reabirds and other easily observed permanent residents, especially in laces like the Garden with only one pair of a kind wintering. Looking searchingly through the bare branches of a thicket we may at first only sce him with the bright color, bus it will not be long before she of the neutral tints also appears and both seek safety in flight together. ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK. Zamelodia ludoviciana. Beauty of plumage and sweetness of voice are most happily combined in this bird. Deep black and pure white, set off — with brilliant rose-carmine on breast anc lining of wings, are the pleasing combination of colors, and its song can only be compared with those of the best songsters of all countries. It has a distant resemblance to that of the Robin, but is a continuous, rich, and finely modulated whistle, full of life and gladness, in my opinion the most charming bird song we have. For breeding the Rosebreast likes a locality where different kinds of shade trees, orchards and gardens abound, and is therefore a common denizen of our suburbs; but the best place to make its acquaintance in St. Louis is Shaw’s Garden. Soon after the twentieth of April we may expect his return from the tropics, where he spends his winters. His arrival cannot be kept unnoticed long, for, in spring, he does not look for concealment; on the contrary, he shows himself with rare fearlessness and whistles his notes where people can see him. It is his desire to mate which brings him back to us and, coming in advance of his mate, he wants her to find and join him immediately. It is his impetuosity in wooing that makes him such a conspicuous object amidst the multi- tude of attractions to eye and ear in the luxuriant month of May. The modestly-clad female looks so different from her 5 66 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, showy mate, that one would hardly believe that they belong together. All his fine colors are replaced by brownish streaked with darker, and no trace of the rose color is to be seen any- where, even the lining of the wing being saffron-yellow. INDIGO BUNTING. Cyanospiza cyanea. This bird, or rather the male Indigo Bird, is often con- founded with the Bluebird, but it is blue all over, while our Bluebird has the underparts cinnamon and white. The female Indigo Bird is entirely brown. Young males in their first spring, 7. e. not yet fully one year old, are of a queer mixture of blue and brown at the time of their arrival in early May, but, being mature, they breed, and change to the full adult plumage during the summer. The male Indigo Bird is quite a songster, but not < great artist, being too hurried in the de- livery to give much expression to his song, which consists only of a few bars. Often even this is too much for him and he breaks off abruptly after the first bar. While it fills well a place in Nature and is rendered with great liberality at times when all other feathered musicians are silent, namely in the noonday heat of midsummer, the monotonous repetition be- comes rather tiresome. But, as with all bird songs, there is an astonishing individual diversity, and it requires sometimes close attention even for the trained ear to recognize the orig- inator of the queer strains as our well-known Indigo Bunting. In the choice of location the species is not particular; almost any kind of surrounding will do, as long as it has some shrub- bery to conceal its nest, and even this is not absolutely neces- sary as nests are sometimes placed in trees twenty feet from the ground. In the bird community of the Garden the Indigo Bird is represented by only one pair, but with the extension and growth of shrubbery an increase in their number will un- doubtedly follow, as all other conditions for a desirable abode are given. The species is one of the most common and best distributed summer residents in Missouri, and in extent of its breeding range is equalled by few other birds, as it reaches from the Gulf to Canada and from the Plains to the Atlantic. This abundance can perhaps be explained by the protective SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 67 color of the female and young and by the fact that two broods are raised, for we see unfledged young in August and some- times even in September. WARBLING VIREO. Vireo gilvus. This bird is correctly named; it is a warbler in the true sense of the word, because it really warbles. The birds which we usually call Warblers, namely the beautifully colored mem- bers of the family Mniotiltidae or Wood Warblers, have very little musical ability, and not one of them has a song which could be called a warble, z.e. a soft, sweet flow of melodious sounds. The name was borrowed by the first ornithologists: of this country from the Old World family Sylviidae, of which many members have a clear, sweet, flexible voice. The fam- ily Vireonidae, to which our Warbling Vireo belongs, is dis- tantly related to the Shrikes. Vireos are also called Green- lets on account of their plain greenish coloration; all are dili- gent, voluble songsters, some real artists, and all weave pen- sile nests, suspended by the upper edge between forks of hori- zontal twigs. Long after the clever builders have departed for their winter home, their nests are seen hanging in the trees, sometimes in the very tops. While safe from enemies below, these nests are too much exposed to attacks from winged nest robbers, such as Grackles and Blue Jays, and the sudden dis- appearance of the songster from the Garden in the middle of the season may possibly be explained by a little tragedy in the tree-top. Where not molested, the Warbling Vireo is one of the most constant singers, remaining musical from its ar- rival in April till its departure in September with only a short pause in August. A well-grounded fear of feathered nest robbers is in all probability the reason why they like to build their nests near human habitations and have become common residents of villages, towns and the shade trees of frequented streets in large cities. BELL’S VIREO. Vireo bellit. Not less than three pairs of Bell’s Vireo have found an abode: in the Garden and have reared broods. Their home is not in 68 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, the lofty tree tops with the Warbling Vireo, but in the dense shrubbery of the Synopsis, and their little basket-shaped hang- nests are well hidden, several feet from the ground and pro- tected from above by foliage. Bell’s Vireo looks like a small edition of the Warbling Vireo; in coloration the resemblance is confusing, but besides the smaller size and totally different song it is its habitat which distinguishes it at once. It seldom leaves the deepest recesses of a thicket and even while singing tries to keep out of sight. Its song can not be compared with that of the Warbling Vireo and is inferior to all Vireo songs of our region, but as with other poor singers, it makes up by diligence what it lacks in melody. The song is so short and rapidly emitted that its delivery, although composed of twelve distinct notes, con- sumes only one second, but by actual timing seventeen deliv- erances in a minute is no unusual performance and may be kept up for many minutes at a time to be repeated through- out the day. Bell’s Vireo has its center of distribution, or what may be called its original home from whence it spread into the Mississippi Valley, on the western plains, and is there- fore not put out like most other songsters by our scorching July and August weather, seeming rather to enjoy it, if we can judge by the prolongation of its song period through these months. YELLOW WARBLER. Dendroica aestiva. This is the wild canary of the boys, or rather one of the two, since the Goldfinch is also called by that name in spite of its black cap and black wings and tail. The Yellow Warbler, also known as Summer Yellowbird, has nothing in common with the Canary except that it is entirely yellow and is of about the same size. While the Canary belongs to the nearly cosmopolitan Sparrow family, the Yellow Warbler is a mem- | ber of the strictly American insectivorous family of Wood Warblers. Neither in its ways, nor in its voice, has it any- thing in common with the Canary. Its song is a sprightly, but simple, lay, repeated for hours and days without any modi- fication, but full of indescribable happiness, which fits splen- SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 69 didly the blossoming apple trees and young green of the wil- lows, where we hear it first after its return from a winter home in the tropics. Originally an inhabitant of the bramble and hazel thickets along the border of woods and the varied plant growth along water courses, it has with the spread of cultiva- tion adapted itself to the new conditions and is quite at home in our orchards, parks and gardens, where it frequents trees as well as shrubbery. It even seems to seek the friendship of man, but undoubtedly from selfish motives, because a close proximity to man’s habitation secures for its nest freedom from undesirable visits from the Cowbird, which has a special fondness for the Yellow Warbler in the choice of foster-parents for its offspring. It has not been ascertained whether this freedom from imposition was enjoyed by the Yellow Warblers of the Garden, but their song which was kept up till the mid- dle of July showed no deviation from their usual cheerfulness. YELLOW-THROAT. Geothlypis trichas. Yellow-throats like shrubbery in the vicinity of water, and it is for this reason that several pairs find a congenial sum- mer home in the Garden, being particularly fond of the new part, called the Synopsis. Although seldom seen, the pres- ence of the male is not long kept secret, for soon after his ar- rival in April his loud and peculiar song announces the fact in unmistakable manner. Like all songs of our so-called Warblers it is no warble at all, but a simple, energetic ditty without any modulation and remains in the same individual unchanged throughout the song-period which lasts to the latter part of July, when molt begins. Since molting scems to have a debilitating effect on the general health of birds, they are in no mood to sing, do not even care to utter their call-notes and seek rest in seclusion. After completion of the molt and before their departure in September, the song of the Yellow-throat is again heard for a few weeks, but has nothing of the force of the breeding time, when in the ecstasy of love and happiness excited song-flights are sometimes in- dulged in. The female, one of the most timid birds, is plain brownish green above and yellowish beneath, but the male 70 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. is a little beauty, golden yellow below, bright green above, ornamented by a black mask which is bordered above by gray. Thanks to the modest dress and unobtrusive ways of the female and the caution and foresight with which the Yel- low-throats care for their nest, which is so well hidden that even the Cowbirds can not find it easily, the species, with slightly differentiated geographic races, is one of the most abundant Warblers with a breeding range from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Florida to Labrador and British Co- lumbia. YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT. Icteria virens. When in May or June you take a stroll through the Synopsis and are suddenly startled by a low whistle in your near neigh- borhood, as if somebody whistles to his dog, it is very likely a bird of the size of a Tanager, wearing a green coat over ayel- low waist, black lores and white eyelids, the Chat, our largest Warbler. If you stop to watch him, you may be quite amused by his queer antics and quaint song. Mounted on top of a tree he will leap into the air and with measured wing beats, raising his wings so high as to touch above, fly with dangling legs and jerky, prancing motion to another tree. When you remain near him, you will be surprised by the variety of notes he has in his repertoire, mostly odd notes in different keys, guttural chucks, humanly whistles and explosive sounds, all of which lead you to think he may be mocking other birds, but they are all his invention. For two months he is one of our noisiest birds, but becomes less and less musical in July, stopping entirely before the end of the month never to be heard again before his departure. When not singing, the Chat is a mysterious bird, for in spite of its large size and bright colors, males and females being alike, it is seldom seen. In addition to its choosing the most impenetrable thickets it has a knack of hiding in their deepest recesses, but is less care- ful in the location of its nest and often the victim of the Cow- bird. Nevertheless the Chat with only one geographic varia- tion, the Long-tailed Chat of the west, has a breeding range ex- tending from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Gulf SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. Ak states to southern Canada, and is a common breeder in Mis- souri. MOCKINGBIRD. Muimus polyglottus. St. Louis has been fortunate the last few years in harboring quite a few Mockingbirds within her precincts. In University City there were so many of these songsters in the summer of 1907 that people complained of being kept from sleeping at nights and asked through the newspapers for advice how to get rid of them. Calvary Cemetery, Washington University, Forest Park and Shaw’s Garden are among the localities fav- ored by them. More are in the suburbs and in the region of the truck gardeners. Mockingbirds like gardens and build their nests as near as possible to dwellings in a bush or vine, although the whiskered pet of the household is often their un- doing, less so of the old ones than of their young just out of nest. The greatest nest robber is man himself and, if not well guarded on private grounds, the young are almost always stolen from the nest by persons who want to raise and sell them. Some catch even the old ones and put them into cages, only to see them pine away and die. As the Mockingbird is partly a permanent resident, pairs are found on their breeding grounds in winter, and in Shaw’s Garden the species is one of the few which may be met with in that season. Their song is not heard before March and does not become general before the latter part of April, when those which have left us in fall are returning, May and June is the time when the songsters are in their glory, apparently in great excitement, hopping about, bounding with widely spread tail and wings into the air, or flying from one favorite perch to another, singing all the while. This is the period when singing at night or in the dawn of morning they are said to become a nuisance to per- sons who prefer sleep to music. CATBIRD. Galeoscoptes carolinensis. From the twentieth of April to the first of October we are always sure to met with at least one Catbird in the Garden, but we are more likely to find several of them in the different 78 dg ee 72 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. ' parts of the place. During the nesting season we find them near shrubbery and along hedges hopping about on the lawns or between the flowers, diligently looking for entomological specimens, which during summer make up the principal part. of their diet. In autumn wild fruit is preferred, and all kinds. of berries from Magnolia and Sassafras to Catbrier and Poison Ivy are in demand. While the Catbird may do some harm in places where there is no wild fruit to be had, in the Garden it finds such an abundance and variety of fruit-bearing trees, shrubs and vines, that it does absolutely no harm, but a great amount of good as an indefatigable insect destroyer, though we have not ascertained how many percent of useful insects are among them, taking it for granted, as friends of the bird, that ninety-nine percent are injurious. Formerly it was suf- ficient to know that a bird lives on insects in order to class it among the benefactors of husbandry, but nowadays the agri- culturists want to know what kind of insects it eats, and woe to the poor fellow which is found guilty of partaking too much of predaceous and parasitic insects, spiders and myria- pods. The Catbird’s song is none of the best, neither in com- position nor in execution, but it pleases its author, undoubt- edly also his mate, and certainly a great many people who are not too particular but glad to welcome and enjoy all expres- sions of joy and good cheer, whether highly musical or not. Its cat-like mewing call-note is such a familiar salutation in our rambles that we miss it much when it ceases in the fall. BROWN THRASHER. T'oxostoma rufum. The Mockingbird, Catbird, and Thrasher form a trio of vocal artists of prominence among our Garden musicians and while the first two are more or less imitators of other bird’s notes, the Thrasher’s song is mostly original composition and such a good one that both cousins borrow largely from it. It is only to be regretted that its song-period is so short. A great songster from its arrival in early April till the last of May, it is only occasionally heard in June and quite silent in July. After the molt we catch sometimes snatches of fine song at half voice coming from deep recesses, but their diet of SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. re: astringent wild fruit does not seem to stimulate them much to poetry and song. Many people call it the Brown Thrush, but it isneither brown nor athrush, for it belongs with its cous- ins to the Wren family. Its color is a rich rust-red above and white, tinged with light cinnamon and heavily streaked with brown, below. It differs from the Wood Thrush, with which it is often confounded, by its curved bill and its greater length, nearly one-half of which belongs to the tail. It is terres- trial and rasorial in its habits, often seen half running, half hopping, on the ground in different parts of the Garden. Its usual haunts are open woodland, hedgerows and thickets, and though it makes its home in parks and garden, it does not be- come so confiding as its cousins, shunning observation as much as possible. Only when singing does it occupy a prom- inent perch; ascending tree tops and assuming an upright posi- tion it floods the air with a flow of melody which is equalled in charm and force by few birds. When startled it utters a pe- culiar alarm note, that sounds like a smack with the tongue, often followed by a soft, melodious whistle. HOUSE WREN. T'roglodytes aédon. Nooks about the many buildings of the Garden afford sev- eral pairs of House Wrens desirable nesting sites, and through- out the summer the little busy-bodies cut a prominent figure in the different divisions of the establishment. Originally the -Wren’s home was along borders of woods and in the timber fringing water courses, where natural cavities in trees and old woodpecker holes were used for nesting sites. With the ad- vent of settlements the Wren became a companion of man and is now rarely found far away from dwellings during nest- ing time. Its pert appearance, fearless demeanor, and at- tractive manners have won the hearts of many people who affectionately call it their Jenny-Wren and treat it with much consideration. In the suburbs of St. Louis it is one of the most familiar birds. Its song is only a short trill, but is de- livered with much vivacity and earnestness, while the per- former sits upright with drooping tail and thrown-up head, quite different from its usual attitude when it creeps and 74 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, dashes about with upraised tail, bowing and bobbing. On the ground it often moves about like a mouse among the flower-pots and plants, and in its constant search for insect food it renders special service by visiting boldly dark and dangerous places where no other bird would dare to go. Like all Wrens it is very inquisitive and greets suspicious objects with loud scolding; well-known foes, like the Cat, are vehem- ently chided until they quit the vicinity of the nest or young. Since six or seven young are reared in each brood and some- times even two broods are made, the number of insects de- stroyed by one pair is simply incalculable and, though spiders form a part, the House Wren must be counted among the most beneficial birds. woop THRUSH. Hylocichla mustelina. From the twentieth of April to the twentieth of July, fully three months, the song of the Wood Thrush can be heard in the Garden every day. For a series of years one pair made its nest in the arboretum in the same tree, a Norway Maple, near the gate. Though the nest may be only twelve feet from the ground, the brooding bird keeps sitting, no matter who passes underneath, or sits down on the bench below. The male is usually not far away singing to her to keep her com- pany. A Wood Thrush sitting on her nest is a lovely picture; her big, calm, intelligent eye appeals mightily to our sympathy as she watches everything that goes on around her, ready to leave, but determined not to forsake her charge until self- preservation shall make it absolutely necessary. Formerly the Wood Thrush was considered a shy denizen of the deep forest, a sort of recluse, but this has changed in the course of | time, and it has become a bird which is actually courting the friendship of man and winning it easily by its many good qualities, graceful ways, excellent song and confidence in the best sides of man’s nature. In the suburbs of St. Louis it is one of the most familiar birds, who knows the advantages of living on private ground, building its nest within a few yards of the windows of occupied houses. Its glorious song is singu- larly solemn and serene; the tones, loud and clear, are rising SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 75 and falling in rythmic flow, softly dying away only to swell again to a powerful ring. It is chiefly a ground feeder and sings from the lower branches of a tree, where it also builds its nest, which may be recognized by being saddled with loose material hanging down its sides. Sometimes experiments with novel building material, such as muslin, paper and poultry feathers, are made, but, if used in large quantities, much to the detriment of the structure, which can not stand hard rains as does the old style nest. AMERICAN ROBIN. Merula migratoria. During eight months of the year, from the beginning of March to the end of October, the well-known Robin greets the visi- tors to Shaw’s Garden either with its peculiar call-note or with its loud song. Several weeks before spring really sets in, this cheering music of less than half a dozen bars, often the only bird notes within hearing, rouses the yet drowsy Nature and announces the approach of another season of warmth, beauty and delight. Throughout March and to the middle of April whole flocks of migrating Robins are sometimes found scattered over the several parts of the Garden and pasture, hopping and running about or resting on trees, calling lustily to each other, and once in a while offering a song. Our own Robins are by this time mated and are building, or, if the weather has not been bad, are already sitting on eggs, while these north-bound guests are still hundreds of miles away from their summer home in the Canadian wilds. At the end of July, when the young are grown, many of the breeding places of the Robin are deserted, but not so Shaw’s Garden, which has attraction enough in its plentiful and varied supply of wild fruit to retain its Robins through autumn, but we have to look for them in the Wild Cherry, Magnolia and Sassa- fras trees, in the Wild Grapes, Virginia Creeper and Green- briers, in the Dogwood, Elder and Poke bushes, and at last under the Hackberry and Persimmon trees. During Septem- ber whole troops are sometimes present, and their song which has hardly ever been heard since the middle of July is in the air again, fine old birds in the darkest colors, almost black on 76 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, back and deep rufous on the breast, mixed with younger birds of paler gray and palest rufous, and even some in the spotted plumage of the lately fledged with vestiges of babyhood in voice and action. Visitors. SPARROW HAWK. Falco sparverius. Although not a breeder in the Garden, the Sparrow Hawk _is.a fairly common visitor, coming over from the Female Hos- pital, where it has made its home for many years. Since the English House Sparrows have become so abundant, Sparrow Hawks are permanent residents along the city limits, and visit all the western parts of town on their foraging expedi- tions. Forest Park, Washington University and University City are some of their headquarters, and single individuals or pairs may be seen there all the year round. Their visits to Shaw’s Garden are undoubtedly made in the interest of their larder and do not mean any fondness for the beautiful flowers. Mice and grasshoppers are the main attractions, together with the freedom from persecution, which they do not enjoy everywhere, since no boy in possession of a small rifle can withstand the temptation to use the lovely crea- ture for a target, when it alights on a telephone post in his neighborhood. BELTED KINGFISHER. Ceryle alcyon. The lake in the new part of the Garden, called the Synopsis of North American flora, is a great attraction for different kinds of birds at all seasons. In fall the Red-shouldered Hawk likes to loaf along its banks, where he has ample oppor- tunity for Nature study, as it is well known that he takes in- terest in eleven classes of animals, mammals, birds, snakes, frogs, fish, insects, centipedes, spiders, crawfish, earthworms and snails. In migration time short calls are paid to the lake by the Wood Tattler, the Green, Blue and Night Herons, the Coot, Dabchick and several species of Ducks, among them a pair of the rare Red-legged Black Mallard, Dec. 9,1908. In _ SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 77 spring we find, stopping for a little hunt, five different kinds of swallows and other insectivorous birds, attracted by the abundance of food, which a sheet of water offers when the dry land is barren. Another kind of attraction causes the more or less regular visits of a pair of Kingfishers, which have prob- ably miles to fly from their nest to reach these quiet hunting grounds for a few nice, healthy minnows taken out of that fresh cool water. A Kingfisher in its white and blue livery with the high crest and long bill is an ornament to any land- scape and makes a picture worthy of the photographer’s art who may catch him as he sits watching on some overhanging branch, or hovering over the water, or swooping down upon his prey, or emerging and making off with his finny game. Equally characteristic as his queer top-heavy shape and long- winged, rapid and direct flight is his loud rattling call, which fits so well the bird and his picturesque surroundings. NIGHTHAWK. Chordeiles virginianus. On cool days in summer, when a high pressure of dry air is accompanied by a sudden fall in temperature, insect life be- comes greatly affected, and especially the winged insects re- main dormant in seclusion, thus producing a temporary scar- city of food for certain birds which depend for their subsist- ence on insects which they can catch on the wing, chiefly the Nighthawks, Swifts, Flycatchers and Swallows. The only place where such insects are found in sufficient numbers on those days, is the surface of rivers and lakes, because the water is then warmer than the air, and evaporation supplies the air above the water with the moisture, which is so necessary to insect life. Most of the insects found on these days, such as Dragon and Damsel flies, May or Day flies and the great army of midges, gnats and mosquitoes, are born in the water and remain near it; others do not even leave its surface, such as the long-legged Water-striders and the social Whirligigs, and may be picked up by the flying bird. The Nighthawks which are seen over the lake on such oc- casions, may have their two eggs or young far away on the roof of a high building in the city, for the flight of this long- 78 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, winged aerial acrobat is not measured by our miles, hundreds of which he daily traverses without effort in his ordinary vo- cation of gnat consumer. Thousands of gnats and midges are found buried in the stomach of this useful bird, whose capacious mouth is coated with a sticky saliva enabling him to capture scores of the minute insects by a single sweep with open mouth through a cloud of them. RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD. T'rochilus colubris. Since the cold spring of 1907 Hummingbirds are not so com- mon as they used to be. Birds are all more or less subject to numerical changes, brought about by a variety of agencies. A few heavy downpours of rain in June, killing the tender young, will greatly reduce the number of a species in a sec- tion of the country, as with such short-lived creatures as. small birds the omission of one year’s progeny would reduce the number of those returning to us the following spring by at least one-third. Especially the insectivorous birds, to which we must count the Hummer in spite of its fondness for nectar, suffer by a cool summer. Swallows and Swifts are sometimes visibly reduced, the latter chiefly by continuous. rains at the time when they have small young in their frail nest, which, only glued to the wall, is loosened by the rain and falls with its contents to the bottom of the chimney. Hummingbirds are not known to nest in the Garden, but become common among its flowers in the latter part of July, when migration from the north begins to reach us. Stopping in favorite places, they drift leisurely southward, spending three months in the transit through the United States. The males, traveling faster than the females and young ones, are nearly all gone by the middle of September, but the last of the species do not leave St. Louis before October. The drought of the summer and fall of 1908 caused earlier depart- ure than usual, when nectar and insects became scarce and the flowers themselves withered. Jewel weed, usually a great. favorite till October, had no attraction after the middle of September. As the red pollen of the Red Buckeye leaves an imprint on the Hummingbird’s throat in early spring, so does "SUMMER BIRDS OF SHAW’S GARDEN. 79 the Jewel weed cause the strangely white forehead by its sticky white pollen. PURPLE MARTIN. Progne subis. If bird houses were put up in the Garden, the Martins would undoubtedly accept them with thanks, for nesting facilities are not too common in St. Louis, and open places like the syn- opsis are always preferred to narrow city yards. The best bird houses are the inexpensive square boxes with a hinged lid or rather two lids, nailed together; one which fits tightly, the other a slanting roof. This arrangement not only sheds the rain, but lessens the heat in the box which under a single roof becomes unbearable. Ornamental houses with from ten to sixty rooms are offered for sale by manufacturers of bird- houses, but for various reasons single room houses are pre- ferred by the writer, who has a long experience with Martin colonies, having had at one time a colony of forty pairs in the city. The occupants of single-room houses are easily watched ~ and when it becomes necessary to remove a sparrow’s nest, it can be done without disturbing others. Good boxes can be made of one-inch white pine boards, well painted, a good size for the room inside is ten by ten inches and six inches high; the entrance, two inches square, must open on the floor, which protrudes four inches to form a porch. On open ground twelve feet from the ground is high enough, in narrow city yards sixteen feet is better. For a pole a two-by-four yellow pine sixteen-foot scantling can be used setting it three to four feet in the ground after soaking the bottom part in crude car- bolic acid or hot tar. A colony may be started with one pole holding two boxes, side by side or on opposite sides, and the number of poles may be increased as the colony grows larger from year to year. If the boxes are not occupied the first year, they will surely be the second year. Martins are some- times afraid of new boxes, but once accustomed to them, they and their progeny return every year. CEDAR WAXWING. Ampelis cedrorum. The Cedarbird, as this bird is commonly called, is a visitor of the Garden in early summer. When about the first of 80 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. June the fruit of the large White Mulberry tree near the main entrance begins to ripen, troops of thirty or more pay short but numerous visits to it for a whole week without drawing the attention of the visitors of the Garden, for they come silently and go silently or nearly so, emitting only a fine lisp- ing note, easily missed. While feeding they are perfectly still, knowing that they are trespassing. No harm is done on White Mulberry trees, as their fruit is insipid and not eaten by man, but when they invade the early cherry trees, they can do real damage by spoiling much more than they eat, returning to the same tree day after day, even hour after hour, if not scared away by shooting blank cartridges. Mulberry trees, both the White and the Red, should be planted in profusion in gardens, parks and orchards, where they would draw fruit- eating birds away from the cherries ripening at the same time. Birds have had their wild fruit in plenty before the white man came and cut down the trees, shrubs and vines, which supplied them. Now it seems our duty, in justice to our fellow-creatures, to return, in part at least, what has been taken from them, by growing many different kinds of fruit- bearing plants, combining the useful with the pleasing, since they are ornamental, hardy trees, shrubs and vines, easily raised from seeds. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1. Above, male (at left) and female European Tree Sparrow; below, male (behind) and female House Sparrow: two-thirds natural size. oe ILLUSTRATED STUDIES IN THE GENUS OPUNTIA—IL. BY DAVID GRIFFITHS. OPUNTIA RUFIDA Engelm. It was thought when Griffiths and Hare published a descrip- tion of this species a couple of years ago that that would suf- fice to identify it. In that publication* it was specifically stated that O. rufida is a very different plant from O. micro- dasys. Later a fairly good description is presented together with notes on the variations in the species. This much of our work has been accepted, but the same authorst who accept this still distribute forms of O. microdasys into American col- lections as O. rufida, thus confounding the confusion. The facts regarding the species appear to be as follows: Engelmannt described O. rufida and made the statement that it was closely related to O. microdasys. Botanists have taken this statement too literally altogether. When some one, there- fore, found a red spiculed form of the typical yellow spiculed O. microdasys it was called O. rufida. Schumann, when he came to go over the material at his command, accepted this determination, and having accepted it, naturally came to the conclusion, as any one who knew anything about the species except that exhibited by a terminal joint would, that the yel- low and red spiculed forms of O. microdasys represent one spe- cies. He was, therefore, considering the evidence at his com- mand, justified in reducing O. rufida to a synonym of 0. macro- dasys, for the red spicules of the one variety commonly turn yellow at a year or two of age. Near the southern limit of its growth, however, the spicules are sometimes permanently red. ‘But Schumann never saw a specimen of the true O. rujfida. Indeed, I doubt whether the species has been collected ex- cepting by Trelease, Orcutt, and myself since its discovery. The accompanying illustrations ought to fix in mind the style of plant that O. rufida really is. While Engelmann’s * Bul. 60, Agr. Expt. Sta., New Mex., p. 82. (1906.) + Smithsonian Miscel. Collections, v. 50, p. 4. (1898.) t Proceedings of the Amer. Acad., $3 298. (1856.) 6 (81) 82 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. statement that it is related to O. microdasys is possibly true, it is, nevertheless, a very different plant. It is arborescent with a distinct trunk, while O. microdasys is a low, nearly pros- trate species with never a true trunk.* Besides, the joints and flowers are different, as indicated in the original descrip- tion. The fruits, which I have never seen until the past sea- son, are also quite different from those of O. microdasys. They are greenish-red without, green within, decidedly acid, and have very thin rinds. The seeds have very thin integuments. compared with the majority of the species of the genus Opuntia. Regarding its relationships, it may be said that Engelmann was only partly right in his opinion. He never saw anything but a few cuttings. He was unacquainted with the habit of the plant. It resembles O. microdasysin having some pubes- cence and no spines. In color of plant body and spicules, however, it resembles O. basilaris more closely. Its real re- semblances, however, are to the variety Santarita of O. chloro- tica, but this is placed by the monographers in an entirely dif- ferent group. The specimen described by Griffiths and Haref is the true O. rufida, but the notes appended regarding No. 8023 D. G. may represent a plant sufficiently different to warrant at least sub-specific rank. The fruits of that number appear from the very casual and imperfect examination to be quite different from those of true O. rufida, both in the type locality and in the vicinity of Torreon, Mexico. It is seldom that the fruits of the species in the type locality are entirely red on the out- side. Usually the greater part of the fruit is greenish, with only a blush of red on one side. My collection No. 8023, therefore, requires further study.—Plates 3; 12, lower figure; 18, f. 3, 13. Opuntia Dillei sp. nov. Plant suberect or ascending, 15 dm. or more high and 18 or 20 dm. in diameter, open branching; joints subcircular to broadly obovate or ovate, often broader than long, sometimes 35 cm. in diameter and 2.5 cm. thick, * Compare plate 3 with plate 12, lower figure. + Bul. 60, Agr. Expt. Sta., New Mex., p. 82. (1906.) ILLUSTRATED STUDIES IN THE GENUS OPUNTIA—II. 83 but usuallysmaller, glaucous green turning to yellowish green and finally to scaly gray brown; areoles subcircular to obovate, about 6 mm. in long- est diameter, enlarging irregularly in age and becoming conspicuously sub- areolate, the tissues of some of them proliferating into short columnar structures, invariably surrounded by yellowish brown, apparently dead epidermal tissue not later than the second year; spicules brown with yel- lowish tips, fading slightly with age, not numerous, scattered, unequal, not formidable, developing very unequally, usually none on sides of joints, commonly about 9 or 10 mm. long when fully developed in occasional areoles; spines mostly none or only a few, white or flesh colored, deeply tinted at base, flattened, but not annular or twisted, one erect or recurved, about 2.5 cm. long; flowers not seen; fruit purple throughout, large, subglobose, about 53 by 60 mm., edible, but with thick rind, smooth with subcircular areoles about 12 mm. apart, tawny with a small central bunch of brown spicules; seeds flattened, slightly angular, quite uniform in size, 3 to 4 mm. in diameter, with conspicuous marginal callus, about 0.5 mm. wide, with a narrowly rounded margin. The species is most closely related to Opuntia Engelmanni, from which it differs in rarity of its spines, which are very con- spicuous in that species. The fruits and seeds are also dif- ferent. It appears to be a rare species. I have seen what I suspect is the same thing from one locality besides the type, both from the Territory of New Mexico. In the type locality about a dozen plants were found, all in situations inaccessible to livestock. Under cultivation the species becomes much more spiny than indicated above. The type is No. 9460 D. G., collected in San Andreas can- yon of the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico, about 15 miles south of Alamogordo, August 3, 1908. I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Mr. A. B. Dille, who forwarded specimens of it to the United States Department of Agricul- ture a year or two ago. The type was secured from the same locality in which the original specimens were collected by Mr. Dille. The description was drawn in the field beside the type plants.—Plates 4, lower figure; 2, f. 10; 18, f. 7. Opuntia Allairei sp. nov. A spreading, open branching, prostrate or slightly ascending plant, 3 to 4 dm. high, and 6 to 9 dm. in diameter, tuberous rooted; joints obovate, often 9 by 19 to 20 cm., but more commonly 5.5 by 10 to 11 em. in current year’s growth, blue-green, rather glossy with somewhat tubercular raised areoles; leaves circular in section, subulate, cuspidate, pointed, about 6 84 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. mm. long; areoles subcircular to obovate, about 3 mm. in longest diameter, but increasing in size with age to even subcircular and 4 mm. in diameter, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. apart; wool tawny brown, giving its characteristic color to the young areoles which, however, is early obliterated by the spicules which are yellow, numerous, formidable, 2 to 4 mm. long, in a compact, mostly connivent tuft, filling nearly the entire areole; spines none, or an occasional one bleached white distally with tinted base, erect, flattened, twisted, faintly annular; flowers yellow; fruit light red, lighter or mottled within, smooth with very small subcircular areoles and but few incon- spicuous spicules, obovate-clavate, about 2 by 4.5 em.; seeds subcircular, rather thick, mostly a little less than 5 mm. in diameter, with narrow marginal commissure. The species is more closely related to O. vulgaris than any other species, but it differs in shape and surface of joints as well as in habit and general aspect of the plant. The type is No. 322, San Antonio garden. The original material was collected by Mr. Allaire near the mouth of Trin- ity River, Texas, in April, 1908. This has been grown and has produced flowers and fruit during the past season and was in bloom when received. The description is a compilation of field notes and laboratory studies from abundant living ma- terial. I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Mr. C. B. Allaire, who collected it and supplied the material from which plants have been grown and descriptions drawn.—Plates 5; 2, f. 2; 12, upper figure; 13, f. 9. O. WuippLe! Engelm. & Bigel. and O. EcHINocARPA Engelm. & Bigel. On pages 102 to 105 of Bulletin No. 60 of the Agricultural Experiment Station of New Mexico, published in 1906, Grif- fiths and Hare discuss two somewhat distinct forms of O. Whipplei. An opportunity was had during the past season of studying these forms further. There is no doubt but that the two forms referred to in that publication are the same species. The differences are due to differences of altitude, rainfall or soil conditions, or all combined. This species reg- ularly dwarfs, becomes more proliferous-fruited and more sterile in its seed habits as one goes down the mountain sides from the altitude of Fort Whipple, Arizona, where it may be 5 feet high or more, ILLUSTRATED STUDIES IN THE.GENUS OPUNTIA—II. 85 On the other hand we have a most curious antithesis in O. echinocarpa. This reaches its maximum development of 6 or 7 feet high upon the deserts of Salt River Valley and its trib- utaries, but decreases in stature as one ascends the mountains. There is consequently the curious anomaly half-way up the San Francisco highlands on the west and south sides, of two dwarfed species of the same genus, one increasing in size toward the summit and the other increasing in size toward the valley. It is also equally strange that the dwarfed condition of both plants is proportionately less productive of seed than the normal larger forms. A few scattering plants of O. echinocarpa may be found as high as Fort Whipple, nearly the limit of O. Whipplei, but the latter never, so far as I have seen, reaches the desert mesas of the Salt River or Colorado valleys, where O. echinocarpa reaches its best devel- opment.—Plate 13, f. 11. } Opuntia tricolor sp. nov. — An erect to ascending, spreading, open branching species about 9 dm. high, and 10 to 12 dm. in diameter; joints large, obovate, blue-green turn- ing to a grayish brown and scaly upon old trunks, commonly 20 to 22 by 30 cm. in current year’s growth, frequently only 17 or 18 by about 25 cm., obovate and either broadly rounded above or obtusely pointed both above and below; areoles subcircular, about 3 mm. in diameter on the sides, commonly 4 mm. on edges in current year’s growth, enlarging in age to 6 or 7 mm., about 3 to 3.5 cm. apart; wool very light tawny; spicules brown with yellow tips or brown throughout when young and always dull, dirty yellow in age; spines bright yellow turning abruptly reddish-brown to black at base, or when young some may be yellow throughout, erect, diverging but slightly, 2 or 3 but 6 or more in age and still erect and only slightly diverging, flattened, twisted, faintly annular, 5 to 7 cm. in length; flowers yellow; fruit reddish-purple. The species is related to Opuntia Lindheimeri, from which it differs in shape of joints, in color, length, position, and gen- eral aspect of spines. It is a very striking species and so dis- tinctly different from any of the described forms as to be very clearly marked. The spines are much longer, yellower dis- tally and darker at the base than any of the forms of the va- riety cuija,* with which it also has affinities. * Bull. 60:44. pl. 2, figs. 1 and 2 (1906.) Agricultural Experiment Station of New Mexico. An 86 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. The type is specimen No. 8651 D. G., prepared October 2, 1908, from cultivated specimens collected March 29, 1907, near Laredo, Texas, under the same collection number. The description is a compilation of two sets of notes, one taken in the type locality and the other beside the culti- vated progeny, supplemented by laboratory studies.—Plate 4, upper figure. Opuntia caerulescens sp. nov. Plant open, loose branching, erect, 10 to 15 dm. high and arborescent in form, with a distinct trunk 5 to 8 em. in diameter; lateral branches (and fruits) breaking off readily and starting new plants, commonly few-spined, 2.5 to 8 em. long, or subglobose, and resembling fruits in all but the flower scar, others 1.5 to 3 dm. or more in length and more spiny, the central stem losing all semblance of jointedness, glaucous, dark blue-green, and commonly tinged with copper color on one side, changing irregularly to a dirty gray and epidermis falling off in thin papery shreds in age, tubercu- late with low, not laterally compressed tubercles about 3 mm. high having gradually descending slope below and more abrupt above where the areole is situated, entirely disappearing on old wood; leaves circular in section, subulate, cuspidate pointed, 5 to 6 or 7 mm. in length; areoles obovate to triangular, 2 to 4 mm. in length on last year’s wood, brownish when young but soon turning toa dirty gray, enlarging with age and becoming distinctly sub-areolate; spicules dark reddish-brown, 2 to 3 mm. long, in a compact bunch in upper portion of areole or, at base of some joints, filling the entire areolar area; spines, mostly 1, commonly gray-white at base and reddish- brown distally with sheaths not very loose and dark straw-colored, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, with frequently 2 smaller lateral ones and 3 to 4 evanescent, dirty, blackish bristles, not increasing in either numbers or length with age; flowers greenish-purple, about 2 cm. in diameter, witk petals obovate, rounded above, cuspidate pointed, sepals greenish-red, cuspidate pointed, filaments greenish at base, purplish-red above, $ to § the length of the style, which is white below, purplish above, 12 to 15 mm. in length, with stigma white or slightly purplish tinged, 4-parted; ovary obovate, 2 to 3 em. long, tuberculate, areolate, bearing circular areoles 1 to 2 mm. in di- ameter and about 6 or 7 mm. apart, beset with abundant bright reddish- brown spicules about 2 mm. in length, proliferous, remaining attached to the plant year after year. The species is most closely related to Opuntia Kleiniae, from which it differs in nature and length of spines, color and general appearance of plant body, as well as in the nature of the fruit. The plant has two distinct forms, one more open, fertile, and less proliferous than the other. When grown to- TLLUSTRATED STUDIES IN THE GENUS OPUNTIA—II. 87 gether under cultivation the two forms are indistinguishable, although quite different in habit in their natural habitat. The type is No. 7632 D. G., prepared from a cultivated specimen April 23, 1908. The original material was collected at San Luis Potosi, Mexico, March 12, 1905. The description is a compilation of a partial description written in the type locality and a more complete one made in the field, of the culti- vated, mature, three-year-old plant, supplemented by studies of the living material in the laboratory —Plates 6, upper fig- ure; 2, £.9 Opuntia gilvescens sp. nov. Plant low, prostrate to slightly ascending with main branches on edge on ground and secondary ones short, erect or ascending from them, 7 to 8 dm. high and about 12 dm. in diameter, loosely branched and symmetrical with main branches usually 3 or 4, radiating in all directions; joints obo- vate, very pale, smooth, glossy, glaucous green changing to a light yellow- green not later than beginning of second year, commonly 20 by 25 cm. but mostly smaller and 12 to 16 mm. thick; areoles obovate, about 4 to 5 mm. in longest diameter, tawny-yellow, enlarging in age to subcircular and often becoming 6 or 7 mm. in diameter, 3 to 4.5 cm. apart; spicules always yellow, mostly about 4 mm. long, nearly or quite surrounding the darker tawny wool, but more abundant above, increasing in age to 9 or 10 mm. in length, mostly in more or less plainly distinguishable concentric circles, the new ones being inside of the old, which become dirty yellow, the marginal areoles completely and compactly filled with spicules after first year, marginal ones more loosely and unequally arranged; spines not numerous, at first translucent, soon becoming bleached white distally with dark bases, and with age changing through flesh-color to chalky white throughout, or the bases may remain somewhat tinted, tips always translucent, 1 or none to 4, mostly less than 2.5 em. in length the first year, but sometimes even 4 cm., increasing in age to as many as 6 and somewhat longer also, erect, divergent, but sloping downward slightly in age, flat- tened, annular, seldom twisted; flowers yellow; fruit a light, glossy red with often a tinge of purple below, rind greenish and pulp lighter green, obovate, its areoles about 1.5 to 2 cm. apart, tawny, permanently yellow spicular; seed flattened, irregular, angular, 4 or 5 mm. in diameter, with a prominent, rounded, irregular roughened marginal callus about 1 mm. in width, narrowing toward the prominently notched hilum. The species belongs to the O. phaeacantha group but differs from that species in its many variations in being a larger jointed plant, being lighter and more glossy in color, and de- cidedly different in the nature and number of its spines. It 88 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. inhabits sparingly the gravelly banks of arroyos in the open foothills region just below the steep mountain ascents. Attention should be called here to the abnormality in some of the fruits shown in the photograph. Many are affected by a dipterous parasite which deposits its eggs in the young ovary and emerges in the imago stage the following April. In all fruits so injured the areoles, wool, and spicules are enor- mously developed, and in many cases the latter show traces of brown. As stated in a previous publication, the effect of this insect is to turn the young fruit into a vegetative organ, all of the seeds becoming aborted. It remains attached to the plant until the following season, and drops off after the insects have escaped. Engelmann has figured what appears to be this same dipterous larva effect in Pacific Ry. Report, 4, pl. 7,7.8. 1856. The type is No. 9619 D. G., collected in the foothills of the Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, September 23, 1908. The description was drawn in the field beside the plant when the type specimens were collected.—Plates 7; 2, f. 5; 18, f. 6. Opuntia congesta sp. nov. A low, spreading, very compactly branched, cylindrical-jointed species, 4 to 5 dm. high and 9 to 12 dm. in diameter, having such a congested habit of growth that there is invariably a great deal of dead stuff in the center; joints variable, 1 to 2 dm. long and 8 to 12 mm. in diameter, tubercular with a low, flat tubercle about 8 mm. long, the upper slope more abrupt than the lower, sharply defined by a slightly but sharply sunken dark green line, which although becoming less distinct is perfectly distinguish- able for two or three years, bright, moderately dark green turning dull and darker to even glaucous and finally scaly, gray-black upon old trunks; leaves 3 to 5 mm. long, subulate, mucronate, circular in section, and reddish tinged toward tip; areoles broadly obovate, 3 to 5 mm. long and about 1 cm. apart, tawny when young, but turning through light gray to black in age but having a proliferating tissue in its upper portion which develops new wool even upon three or four-year-old wood, this new growth continu- ing tawny during the current year, often eclipsing the earlier blackened growth, thus elevating ‘the areolar area slightly higher than its original flattened state, often subareolate even when young; spicules yellow in com- pact tuft in upper portion of areole, commonly less than 1 mm. long, in- creasing slightly but less than 2 mm. and more numerous with age, often scarcely visible until late in the first season; spines normally 1, sometimes 2 or even 3, nearly erect, when more than one the lower more or less re- curved and in age in all cases always sloping downward, medium loosely ILLUSTRATED STUDIES IN THE GENUS OPUNTIA—II. 89 sheathed with white glistening sheaths which are yellow distally, but spines at first red turning to flesh-colored, becoming chalky white later; flowers not seen; fruit distinctly and characteristically proliferous but usually producing some seed, tubercular, like stem even in age with the same sharp limiting dark lines surrounding the tubercles, its areoles obovate, about 2 mm. in greatest diameter, bearing a prominent bunch of yellow spicules about 1 mm. in length and the upper one usually bear- ing a typically sheathed spine 6 to 7 mm. long and 2 to 4 delicate, fugacious bristles 2 to 3 mm. long in lower portion of areole in addition to the regular tuft of shorter spicules, green or slightly yellowish tinged when mature but always greenish within, very variable in size, the proliferous forms being 1.5 cm. by 3 to 4 em., while the less proliferous and fertile forms are 1 cm. by 1.5 to 2 cm. The relationships of this species are somewhat ambiguous. It has some ear marks of Opuntia neoarbuscula, which it re- sembles in habit, but from which it differs decidedly in its proliferous, tuberculate fruits, fewer spines, usually poor seed habits, and tuberculate stems. It resembles in some respects Opuntia Kleiniae, but its habit is entirely different and the fruits and stems are too tubercular to be admitted into that species. It grows associated with a dwarf form of Opuntia Whipplet, some varieties of which it resembles in the tuber- culation of its fruits, but these fruits are smaller, the plant is in general much less spiny, the stems are smaller and less tuberculate. On the whole, it probably belongs closer to Opuntia neoarbuscula than any other species. A single joint or some stems might be selected which would pass fairly well for Opuntia arbuscula, but the fruits will not admit of its being referred to this species. In the above description the spicules are said to be yellow, and this is true of the type specimen. However, specimens were found after the description was written having reddish- brown spicules. So we must consider the spicules in this spe- cies, as in scores of others, to vary from yellow to reddish- brown when young. Upon old joints the reddish-brown spicules become a dirty yellow. The type is No. 9568 D. G., collected near Hillside, Arizona, September 10, 1908. The description is a compilation of field notes taken beside the yellow-spiculed plant supple- mented by laboratory studies of. “— varieties —Plates 8; 2, f. 4 and 7; 13, f. 5. oP a ek ae 90 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Opuntia canada sp. nov. Plant erect and ascending, spreading, rather compactly branched, about 9 dm. high and 12 or more dm. in diameter, growing commonly in thickets, but also frequently as isolated individuals; joints obovate to ovate, mostly broadly rounded above, about 16 by 22 em. in second year joints but quite variable, yellowish, smooth and shining green when young, turning darker and more or less glaucous the second year; leaves circular in section, subulate, mucronate pointed, about 1 cm. in length; areoles sub- circular, brown when young, turning through dirty gray to black, but often retaining a brown center surrounded by a grayish or black zone owing to continued development of new wool from the central areolar area, broadly obovate, 5 mm. in greatest diameter but increasing in size with age and becoming subcircular, very prominent; wool light tawny when removed, but dark brown in situ, prominent; spicules very variable, often few or none until 1 or 2 years old, when they become conspicuous, unequal, often 12 mm. in length, upon last year’s joints when present they are 2 to 3 mm. long, always unequal, scattered, light reddish-brown when young, turning yellow or dirty yellow in age; spines exceedingly variable in every characteristic, bleached white with usually tinted bases mostly completely white after a year or two, commonly yellow when young, but soon present- ing the bleached, white appearance, flattened, sometimes twisted slightly, never annular, but minutely longitudinally striate under a lens, 1 to 4 or 5, mostly 2 or 3, 12 to 15 mm. in length on second year joints, but fre- quently increasing in both length and numbers upon old trunks; flowers yellow with tinge of red or deep orange on inside at bases of petals and often outside as well, stigma bright green and style varying from white to reddish-tinged; fruit light red, often mottled yellow and red, usually not uniformly colored, rind greenish-yellow and pulp lighter in color, its areoles usually gray on border and tawny brown within, the spicules being very light brown; seeds flattened but mostly quite thick, angular, between 3 and 3.5 mm. in diameter, with a prominent, rounded, roughened mar- ginal callus, and prominently notched hilum. The species is most closely related to the spiny form of Opuntia laevis, from which it differs in greater spininess, dif- ference in color of plant body, larger, more robust plant, and in the nature of its fruit. The seeds of the two species are also different. It commonly grows upon the sides of arroyos and canyons from the lower foothills to the beginning of the oak timber and is rather common throughout the locality mixed with the spiny forms of Opuntia laevis, from which it is sometimes difficult to distinguish it, except in flower and fruit. The type is No. 9593 D. G., collected in the foothills of the Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, September 17, 1908, The ILLUSTRATED STUDIES IN THE GENUS OPUNTIA—Il 91 description is a compilation of four sets of field notes supple- mented by laboratory studies.—Plates 6, lower figure; 2, f. 6; 13, f. 2 and 12. Opuntia megacarpa sp. nov. An ascending, spreading, bushy, open-branched plant 6 to 10 dm. high and 12 to 15 dm. in diameter, the main branches resting on edges of joints and ascending at the extremities, the secondary ones of a joint or two in length growing erectly from them; joints obovate, mostly pointed above, glaucous, turning yellowish-green the second year, commonly 20 by 25 cm. and often widest at middle and tapering each way, often slightly purplish about the areole; areoles subcircular to obovate, 4 to 6 mm. in diameter, tawny brown turning gray in age and its tissues proliferating into a convex gray surface when not covered with spicules; spicules reddish brown in arather compact, quite equal, crescentic bunch in upper portion of areole, about 3 mm. long but increasing with age in both numbers and length, becoming unequal and even 12 or 13 mm. in length, sometimes filling the entire areole; besides the regular spicules there are a few scattering fuga- cious bristles all through the areolar area of young joints; spines very long, formidable, often 7 or 8 cm. in length, one or none below to as many as six above, 8 cm. in length, changing successively from white through mot- tled flesh-color to reddish-brown at base, and in age dull, dirty brown throughout, tips always more or less translucent, bone-like even in age, flattened, twisted, sometimes striate, very faintly when at all annular, and this lasting only through the growing season, at first spreading in all directions but later sloping downward; flowers not seen; fruit dull, purplish red, often with a bleached yellowish appearance, about 38 by 82 mm., rind greenish, streaked with red, and pulp greenish; seeds very large, flat- tened, irregularly angular, often 8 mm. in diameter but more commonly about 7, with very prominent, more or less wavy, sharp marginal callus about 1.5 mm. wide, prominently notched at hilum. It is difficult to express satisfactorily the relationship of this species. The spines in color might pass for some forms of O. phaeacantha. So might the seeds, so far as everything but size is concerned. The general habit of the plant is that of Opuntia procumbens, but, as indicated in the description, it is difficult toadmit it even intothe same group with either one of these species. Its main characteristics are its spini- ness, large, long fruits, and exceedingly large flat seeds. The type specimen is No. 9501 D. G., collected near Ban- ning, California, August 25, 1908. The description given above is a revision of one made in the field when the plant was collected.—Plates 2, f. 3; 13, f. 10. 92 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, Opuntia texana sp. nov. Plant erect to ascending, spreading, rather open, about 9 dm. high and 12 to 15 dm. in diameter when full grown; joints obovate, often 20 by 28 em., but more commonly smaller, about 16 by 20 cm.,glaucous, gray- green, turning to a scurfy brown and finally dull, dirty gray and scaly upon old trunks; areoles obovate, 3 to 4 mm. in longest diameter on sides of joints but larger and subcircular on the edges, all becoming larger and subcircular with age, brown turning to dirty black or obscured entirely by the spicules in age, 3.5 to 5 cm. apart on sides of joints; wool brown in situ, light tawny when removed; spicules yellow, formidable, unequal, scattered, but always more numerous above, mostly 10 to 13 mm. in length, becom- ing both longer and more numerous with age; spines yellow throughout and remaining so for two or three years, then becoming dull, dirty yellow, slightly sloping downward, mostly one on sides of joints first year and 1 to 3 or 4 on edges, increasing with age to as high as 6 or 8 but mostly 3 or 4, the longest 5 to 6 cm. long, mostly 2.5 to 4 em., flattened, twisted, faintly annular; flowers yellow, stigma deep, dark green, 6 to 9 parted; fruit obovate, purplish red throughout, about 4 by 6.5 em. This species is most closely related to Opuntia Lindheimeri, from which it differs mostly in the color, arrangement, and position of its spines. It is usually more productive of fruit, more subject to disease, and less vigorous than that species. It has been with considerable difficulty that I have been able to settle upon the exact type of Opuntia Lindheimeri. The species was collected originally by Lindheimer at New Braunfels, Texas, and forwarded to Dr. Engelmann, who evi- dently grew the cuttings forwarded to him in the greenhouse. The only specimens preserved are imperfect ones which he cultivated under artificial glass house conditions at St. Louis. At New Braunfels, however, the largest and most numerous plants are those of what I consider to be a typical Opuntia Inndheimeri. The species described above also occurs com- monly, but not so abundantly as the other. However, I am free to confess that the type specimen, as preserved in the Engelmann collection, might easily pass for either species. There is one statement in the Engelmann description, ‘‘setis flavidis,” which would lead one to suspect that Engelmann possibly might have had the species here described rather than Opuntia Lindheimert as I understand it; but, on the other hand, he states that the plant is erect, often six or ILLUSTRATED STUDIES IN THE GENUS OPUNTIA—II. 93 eight feet high, which applies much better to Opuntia Lind- heimeri than to this species. Again, the spines of Opuntia Lindheimeri, under many conditions, might be considered yellow rather than white. However, should the translucent, bone-like appearance of the spines of some forms of O. Lind- heimeri be called yellow, they are very different indeed from the yellow of the species here described. The type is No. 9640 D. G., collected at San Antonio, Texas, October 1, 1908. The description is a compilation of one made when the type specimen was collected and previous field notes, together with laboratory examinations of fresh living material.—Plates 9; 13, f. 1. Opuntia arizonica sp. nov. A prostrate to ascending species, 8 to 10 dm. high and often widely spreading, sometimes 2.5 m. in diameter but usually about 18 dm., the joints of the main branches mostly on edge and radiating outward but often flattened upon the ground; joints large, subcircular, commonly 2.7 dm. in diameter but mostly about 22 cm., glaucous, blue-green but becom- ing yellowish green with age; areoles tawny, turning gray-black, large, obovate, about 8 mm. in longest diameter on sides of joints but on edges some, at least, are subcircular and often 10 to 13 mm. in diameter, not en- larging much with age but finally becoming black, and central tissue proli- ferating irregularly into a low cone; spicules reddish-brown, with abrupt yellow tips, becoming lighter with age, somewhat mottled brown and yel- low, about 6 to 10 mm. long, unequal, scattered, but more abundant in upper portion of areole, increasing with age from central proliferating areolar tissue, sometimes becoming 12 or 13 mm. long, sometimes flat- tened and twisted; spines large, stout, formidable, reddish-brown through- out, soon bleaching distally, becoming irregularly mottled. reddish-brown and flesh-colored, then yellow with reddish bases, or yellow throughout, and finally on very old joints dirty gray, flattened, twisted, faintly annular in color but not in structure, 2 to 6, mostly 3 or 4, erect, divergent, but the lower ones usually recurved, and all having a tendency to slope down- ward in age, the longest 4 to 5 em. in length; flowers not seen; fruit large, subglobose, somewhat tubercular, pitted at apex, reddish-purple with greenish rind which has some red in its vascular system and pulp mottled, its areoles large, subcircular to obovate, about 4 mm. in diameter, tawny to light gray, bearing spicules about 3 mm. long, and in upper areoles 1 or 2, delicate, fugacious, mottled yellow and brown spines 12 to 25 mm. in length; seeds flattened, angular, quite uniform in size but somewhat ir- regular in shape, with marginal callus, rather prominent and 1 mm. wide, with distinct deeply notched hilum, about 4 mm. in diameter. 94 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, The species differs from Opuntia Engelmanni, to which it is most closely related, especially in habit, and in nature of spines and fruit. No. 9560 D. G. is considered to be the same, although its spicules are yellow and its spines much lighter in color. The color of spines and spicules, while of value in tax- onomy,can not be used to differentiate species unless accom- panied by other characters. There are a score or more of species which have both yellow and brown or reddish-brown spicules. The type is No. 9559 D. G., collected near Kirkland, Arizona, September 8, 1908. The description was drawn in the field beside the brown spiculed form.—Plates 10; 2, f. 8; 13, f. 8. Opuntia subarmata sp. nov. Plant tall, rather compactly branched, erect or ascending, making a shrub 12 to 15 dm. high and 18 or more dm. in diameter; joints broadly oval to obovate, commonly 17 to 25 em. in diameter, broadly to narrowly rounded above, blue glaucous green changing through yellowish to brown- ish and finally gray scaly; areoles elliptical to ovate or even subcircular, 3 to 6 mm. in longest diameter, 3.5 to 4.5 cm. apart, tawny changing to gray or black, enlarging but slightly with age; spicules yellow, about 2 mm. in length, never formidable and not increasing with age; spines none; fruit purple throughout, bearing light, tawny, subcircular areoles, 1 or 2 mm. in diameter, having a small central tuft of yellow spicules; seeds flattened, regular, about 4 mm. in diameter, prominently notched at hilum, with marginal callus about } mm. in width. The species is rather closely related to Opuntia texana, which in turn belongs to the O. Lindheimeri group. It differs from that species mainly in the absence of spines, difference in areoles, and a decidedly larger seed than either of the fore- going species. The type is No. 9422 D. G., collected near Devils River, Texas, July 22, 1908. The description was written beside the type plants in the field—Plates 11; 2, f. 1; 13, f. 4. ILLUSTRATED STUDIES IN THE GENUS OPUNTIA—II. 95 EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate 2.— Diagrams of Opuntia fruits, natural size. Outlines were pre- pared in the field by bisecting the fruit in the median longitudinal plane. The cut surface was then placed upon a piece of paper and a pencil tracing made of it. This plate is prepared from tracings of these field sketches. 1, Opuntia subarmata; 2, O. Allairei; 3, O. megacarpa; 4 and 7, O. congesta, the first is the sterile form of the fruit; 5, O. gilvescens; 6, O. cafiada; 8, O. arizonica; 9, O. caerulescens; 10, O. Dillet. Plate 3.— Above, Opuntia rufida from type locality near Presidio, Texas. The plant is not quite normal on account of the main stem having been injured. Below, a cultivated two-year-old plant from a cutting secured near Torreon, Mexico. Plate 4.— Above, Opuntia tricolor, a two-year-old plant under cultiva- tion from a single joint cutting. Below, O. Dillet upon limestone ledges in the Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico. Plate 5.— Opuntia Allaire, joints and fruit (see also plate 2), all of cur- rent year’s growth. Plate 6.— Above, Opuntia caerulescens, marked by the hat. Cultivated four-year-old specimens. Below, O. caiiada. Plate 7.— Opuntia gilvescens. Plate 8.— Opuntia congesta. Plate $.— Opuntia texana. Plate 10.— Opuntia arizonica. Plate 11.— Opuntia subarmata upon calcareous soil of western Texas. Plate 12.— Above, Opuntia Allairei, one season’s growth from single joint cutting. A flower was produced on last growth of season. Below, O. microdasys. Compare the habit in this figure, which is from a native plant in the State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, with that of O. rufida in Plate 3. Plate 13.— Opuntia seeds, natural size. 1, Opuntia texana; 2, O. cafiada; 3, O. rufida; 4, O. subarmata; 5, O. congesta; 6, O. gilvescens; 7, O. Diller; 8, O. arizonica; 9, O. Allairei; 10, O.megacarpa; 11, O. echinocarpa (there are forms of this species with smooth seeds); 12, O. caftada (compare with fig. 2); 13, O. microdasys. Rept. Mo. Bor. Garp., Vou. 20. PLATE 2. I 3 * y, 5 8 re 10 FRUITS or OPUNTIA. Rept. Mo. Bor. Garp., Vou. 20. PLATE 3. OPUNTIA RUFIDA. Rept. Mo. Bor. Garp., Vou. 20. PLATE 4, OPUNTIA TRICOLOR anp O. DILLEI. Rept. Mo. Bor. Garp., Vou. 20. Peanecn OPUNTIA ALLAIREI. Rept. Mo. Bor. GArpb., Vou. 20. PLATE 6. OPUNTIA CAERULESCENS anp O, CANADA, Repr. Mo. Bor. Garp., Vou. 20. PLATE 7. OPUNTIA GILVESCENS. Rept. Mo. Bot. Garp., Vou. 20. Puate 8, pie 7 7 a e i ] i j i i t ; | | | ' i OPUNTIA CONGESTA. Rept. Mo. Bor. GArp., Vou. 20. PrATE OL OPUNTIA TEXANA. Rept. Mo. Bor. Garp., Vou. 20. PLATE 10. OPUNTIA ARIZONICA. Rept. Mo. Bot. Garp., Vou. 20. let Guhl OPUNTIA SUBARMATA. Rept. Mo. Bor. Garp., Vou. 20. PLATE 12. OPUNTIA ALLAIREI anp O. MICRODASYS. E 13. SEEDS or OPUNTIA, VARIATION AND CORRELATION IN THE FLOWERS OF LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA. BY J. ARTHUR HARRIS. Lagerstroemia indica, frequently grown as an ornamental shrub in the United States under the common name of Crape Myrtle, isa member of a genus of about thirty species*, be- longing to the Lythraceae, a family of considerable interest to floral ecologists through the researches of Darwin. For the most part the genus is confined to the oriental and aus- tral Asian region, and this species seems to be the only one extensively cultivated for ornamental purposes. Briefly, the structure of the flower is as follows: The petals are unguiculate, with an oval to orbicular crispate limb. The numerous stamens have filiform filaments and elliptical anthers with broadly pulviniform connectives. The greater number of the stamens are bright yellow in color, but one in front of each sepal is usually larger, both as to fila- ment and anther, and of a reddish instead of a yellow color. In young buds the anthers are not distinguishable by their color, both kinds being a light yellow. The charac- teristic colors are developed as the buds grow older. Biological observations on the flowers are very few. Dar- win, in his classic paper on Lythrumt, was the first to notice the species in this respect. He found it strongly variable in the number of stamens, and suggested as a cause its growth in the hothouse. He usually found five long stamens with thick flesh-colored filaments bearing anthers producing green pollen, and from 19 to 29 small stamens with yellow filaments and anthers producing yellow pollen. In other cases, how- ever, he found those with only one to four larger stamens with anthers producing green pollen, which in some cases was re- ~ placed by that which was yellow in color; one anther, indeed, offering the peculiar case‘of one locule containing bright yellow * Koehne, E. Lythraceae. Das Pflanzenreich, 19. 1903. ¢ Darwin, C. Jour, Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 176. 1865. 7 (97) 98 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. and the other bright green pollen*. He also suggests here and in his ‘‘Different Forms of Flowers,” that L. indica may be a heterostyled formt. Fritz Miillert fertilized a Lagerstroemia, infertile to its own pollen, with yellow and green pollen from another variety or species in other gardens. Both kinds pro- duced apparently good seed, though only some of those from the green pollen germinated. In his paper on dimorphism in the anthers of pollen flowers, Hermann Miiller$ assigned the same interpretations to the structure of Lagerstroemia as to other forms in which there is a color dimorphism in the anthers, namely, that the central yellow anthers serve as organs of attraction and furnish booty to the visitor while the blue or green anthers, which are not observed by the visitors be- cause of their resemblence in color to the background formed by the petals, furnish pollen for fertilization. Koehne{ sug- gests that in respect to this character the genus Lagerstroemia is still in the process of evolution, since the forms may be arranged in a complete series from those in which there is no differentiation in the androecium to those in which the dimorphism of the stamens is most highly developed. The reference to green stamens by some writers is apparently a slip of the pen. Knuth in his Handbook reviews Miiller’s work. Koehne in his recent monograph suggests the possi- bility that the forms in which the stamens are not dimorphic have been reduced from those in which the dimorphic condi- tion prevails, but he inclines much more to the opinion that the dimorphism is in a state of evolution, supporting this * I have seen several stamens intermediate in size between the typical large and small. Darwin noticed one petal with a furrow near the base of the limb containing pollen. In several flowers I found one or all of the large stamens with the anthers more or less completely metamor- phosed into the orbicular crispate limb, while the filament represented the claw of the typical unguiculate petal. I mention these cases because of the similarity of the filament of the large stamens to the claw of the petal. + Koehne states that all species are homostylous. The styles of all the flowers I have seen are of sensibly the same length. t Miller, F. Nature. 27: 364. 1883. § Miller, H. Kosmos. 183 254. 1883. { Koehne, E. Engler's Bot. Jahrb. 6345. 1885. FLOWERS OF LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA. 99 view by the statement that the species in which the occur- rence of only one kind of stamens is most typical, L. speciosa, is by far the most widely distributed and may represent the oldest species of the genus. Since this species has attracted so much attention, it seems worth while to place on record the observations which ‘I have made on the variability of the flowers of a lot of plants growing at the Missouri Botanical Garden. In put- ting these observations into print, I wish to make very clear the fact that I do not submit the constants secured here as typical of the entire species. They are based on several hundred flowers from about a dozen individuals. The prob- able errors of the constants calculated in this paper are low, but these show merely the degree of reliability of the constants for the series of material in hand, and must not be interpreted as fixing the limits of trustworthiness of con- stants for the species as a whole. At St. Louis the shrubs must be taken into the house during the winter. To gain a satisfactory knowledge of the variability of the flowers the data should be collected in the South, where the plant is hardy out of doors; or better still, in its native habitat. Of course the ideal thing would be to have comparative bio- metric studies of several species of Lagerstroemia growing in their own habitats, where their ecological relationships might be satisfactorily investigated. The hope of interesting some one who has opportunity to carry out this work as it should be done, is the chief object of this paper. My observations merely emphasize again the importance of what others have written, and contribute a little to the quantitative data of the subject, leaving the working out of satisfactory constants to represent the species as a whole to some one who has more adequate materials. In 1903, 1904 and 1907 I was able to secure countings of sepals, petals and large stamens from the shrubs in the Mis- souri Botanical Garden. It was not possible to count the: small stamens, as well, because of lack of time. The ma-- terial was collected primarily for some physiological work which required the stamens to be removed and used quickly.. Even had time been available their number is so large that it piel s 100 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. would have involved a considerable amount of labor. The plants which furnished the material were of varying ages. It is not safe to refer any differences observed in the constants from year to year to any conditions under which the plants flowered, for the proportion of the flowers which each indi- vidual contributed may vary from year to year. The data are given in the form of correlation tables showing the rela- tionship between sepals and petals, sepals and stamens, and petals and stamens in Tables I to VIII. Considering first the variabilities, we note that the distri- butions are very irregular, falling wide of the symmetrical Gaussian distributions which some biologists of great repu- tation still hold to represent the variability of all organisms. But it will hardly be profitable to discuss skewness or other statistical characteristics of these distributions. For such work larger series grown under less abnormal conditions should be used. TABLE A. VARIATION CONSTANTS FOR LAGERSTROEMIA. Standard Deviation , , Average and Coefficient of Series Probable Error, aae% robable Variation. rror. Sepals, 1903..... 5.879 + .029 433 +.021 7.362 Sepals, 1904..... 5.969 + .008 .338 + .006 5.764 Sepals, 1907..... 5.758 +.011 -441+.008 7.657 Petals, 1903..... 5.879 + .029 .433 +.021 7.362 Petals, 1904..... 6.024+ .006 -260 + .005 4.316 Petals, 1907..... 5.718+.012 -488 + .009 8.525 Stamens, 1903... 4.020 +.150 2.214+.106 55.061 Stamens, 1904... 5.996 + .007 .273 +.005 4.557 ‘Stamens, 1907... 3.686 + .052 2.093 + .037 56.719 The means and standard deviations, with their probable errors, and the coefficients of variation, are given in Table A for the three characters studied. Comparing the constants for the three years, we see that the means for sepals and petals agree fairly well, though dif- fering by several times their probable errors. The means vof the large stamens, however, are widely different in the FLOWERS OF LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA. 101 three collections. Perhaps the differences in the standard deviations show somewhat greater irregularities than do the means. Turning to the coefficients of variation for the three characters, we note that while there is considerable fluctua- tion from series to series, and from year to year, for the sepals and petals, the constants are of the same general order of magnitude. For both sepals and petals they are conspicuously lower in 1904. For the large stamens, the values for 1903 and 1907 are in close agreement, but differ widely from that for 1904. For comparison with these constants we note that Pearson and his associates* found the coefficient of variation for Ficaria ranunculoides to range from 3.24 to 22.02 for the sepals, from 5.34 to 14.60 for the petals, and from 12.12 to 18.77 for the stamens, in various habitats. Calculating the coeffi- cients of variation from Yule’st means and standard devia- tions for sepals of Anemone nemorosa from a, series of habi- tats, I find that they range from 9.8 to 13.4. I have also calculated the coefficients of variation for the lateral flowers of Adoxa from the data given by Whitehead{ and find that the values range from 7.35 to 10.41. TABLE B. CORRELATION IN LAGERSTROEMIA. ; : : Correlation and Relationship and Series. Probdble-lirror. Sepals and Petals in 1903................- 0 ee eee 1.000 + .000 Sepals and Petals in 1904, ..- 2... 5.2... seein .724+.012 Sepals and Petals in 1907................. ee eeeeee 879 + .006 Sepals and Stamens in 1903..............--------- 082 + .067 Sepals and Stamens in 1904..............--.------ .438 + .020 Sepals and Stamens in 1907..............-00 00-05 —.046 + .025 Petals and Stamens in 1903.................-.-45- .082 + .067 Petals and Stamens in 1904..................0005- .591+.016 Petals and Stamens if, 1007 ....1.... 2. ce cee es owpee —.032 + .025 The coefficients of correlation and their probable errors appear in Table B. * Pearson, K. and others. Biometrika. 2: 148. 1902. + Yule, G. U. Biometrika. 1: 307-309. 1901. t Whitehead, H. Biometrika. 2: 108-113. 1902. 102 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. From these values it appears that the number of sepals and the number of petals are very closely interdependent, all the coefficients falling above .700*. The values obtained by others for Ficaria ranunculoides show correlation ranging from .099 to .291 for sepals and petals. The correlations for sep- als and stamens, and for petals and stamens agree in having the coefficients for 1903 and 1907 insignificantt while those for 1904 lie in the neighborhood of .500, and are clearly sig- nificant with regard to their probable errors. The correla- tions for Ficaria range from .023 to .223 for sepals and sta- mens, and from .224 to .382 for petals and stamens. I am rather surprised to find such low values representing the interdependence of the number of floral parts. The foregoing remarks are presented primarily as a contri- bution of quantitative data on a species which has attracted the attention of a number of well-known botanists, first among whom was Darwin. General conclusions cannot be drawn from them, but the disagreement of the constants from the several series, coupled with the statement of taxo- nomists concerning the condition of the dimorphic stamens in different species, seems to indicate that there is a promising field for the attention of some one who can take up the in- vestigation on material growing under more normal condi- tions. Some will say that the disagreements of these con- stants show that biometric methods are useless in their ap- plication to questions such as this. To my mind quite the reverse is true. They show that there are problems which can only be solved by the delicate technique of higher sta- tistics. And, most important of all, perhaps they indicate the limits of trustworthiness of our conclusions. * The probable error of the first coefficient in the table is given as 0, but while this is the value given by the usual formula, too great biological ° significance must not be attached to it. A slightly larger collection of material might have given r less than 1, and the probable error would then have been rather high because of the smallness of N. + I have not considered the form of the regression line in these tables. Possibly the correlation ratio would give a positive relationship between these characters, but I have not felt it worth while to calculate this constant on these series of material. What we need is more data! FLOWERS OF LAGERSTROEMIA INDICA. TABLE I, 1903. SEPALS AND PETALS Petals. 5 6 7 =| Totals. 5 16 “gy 16 = 6 ee aS, 79 oo) a fe | oe 4 4 a Pe leat) Peli Totals; 16 | 79 99 TABLE 11. 1903. SEPALS AND STAMENS. (Petals and stamens show the same correlation.) 103 Stamens. 0 1 2, 3 4 5 6 T-- | Lotals. 5 Be ae 2 a 5 6 1 1 aeonot ie + 6 6 9 6 Tee Wer 79 “3a 7 a” See an tye ites oe 1 3 4 a, Ha ‘eu taney Totals} 13 § 8 Le lel 9 39 3 99 TABLE III. 1904. SEPALS AND PETALS. TABLE IV. 1904. SEPALS AND STAMENS. Petals. Stamens. | 5 | 6.| % |- 8°) Totals. | 61-8 en ee obals: 5 eel ae 54 5 10| 44 54 6 677] 4) ..|/ 681 6 14/660} 5| 681 2 7 UR ey1] bees 26 a % me dea ke, 26 2458 | 2] 2 a| 8 i) 1] 2 B ard ae Sa aie 2) amen a inn Totals ert 29; 2) 763 Totals} 2} 24/712) 25! 763 104 tT. v. 1904. PETALS AND STAMENS. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, TABLE VI. 1907. SEPALS AND PETALS. Stamens. Petals. 4/5 1|6 | 7 | Totals. 415|6 Totals. 5 10) 5 15 4 a es ae 4 6 2} 141697) 4] 717 2 - | gl aol 29 2 5 6 161) 3 170 = 8 i aes A ee 2 a 6 2 | 2315385 561 A we t> eae e B ae: ee Saas Totals| 2} 24/712} 25) 763 Totals|12 |184/538 735 TABLE vil. 1907. SEPALS AND STAMENS. Stamens. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Totals. 4 a rE 1 2 1 bee 4 5 6 2 16 a7. 57 58 4 170 | 6 | 84 | 56 | 57 | 54 47 | 62 | 200 561 B Totals} 90 58 74 81 106 | 121 204 735 TABLE VIII. 1907. PETALS AND STAMENS. Stamens. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Totals. 4 1 a 2 1 5 $ 132 5 8 6 14 28 60 62 6 184 =: 6 81 51 58 52 4l 56 198 538 . 7 a 1 i a = 1 Py Totals} 90 58 74 81 106 121 204 735 THE CORRELATION BETWEEN LENGTH OF FLOWERING-STALK AND NUMBER OF FLOWERS PER INFLORESCENCE IN NOTHOSCORDUM AND ALLIUM. BY J. ARTHUR HARRIS. Several years ago DeVries in outlining some of the prob- lems of chief importance for future investigation in evolu- tionary work, designated correlation as one of the most important.* In another place in the same volume he dis- cusses data of his own for the relationship between the diameter of the stem and the length of the fruit in certain of his evening primroses.T Notwithstanding DeVries’s emphasis of the importance of quantitative studies of correlation, comparatively little has been done by botanists. His suggestion concerning a rela- tionship between the size of the individual and the measur- able characters of the fruit called my attention to the desirability of a series of comparative studies of the inter- relationship between the vegetative development of organs of the individual and the number or fertility of the flowers or fruits which it produces. ' As material for a first determination of the interdepend- ence of length of flowering-stalk and number of flowers per inflorescence I shall use series of Nothoscordum and Allium. Data from the inflorescences of several other species are being examined. In the spring of 1906, a collection of the flowering-stalks of Nothoscordum. striatum was made just south of the railway station at Meramec Highlands, near St. Louis, Mo. Here the brow of the hill slopes in two directions, to the southeast and to the southwest. The ground was more or less covered with old dead or leafless vegetation consisting chiefly of sumach bushes, large tufts of grass and weeds, and low grass. While no quantitative determination was made, it seemed to me that the old vegetation on the southwest slope was much * DeVries, H. Die Mutationstheorie. 13:113. 1901. t DeVries, J. c. 381-383. (105) 106 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. more diversified from quadrat to quadrat in size and quan- tity than that upon the southeast slope. These remarks apply merely to the localities from which the samples of material were taken. It occurred to me that a consequence of this conditio might be a greater variability of the length of the stem i n n the series from the southwest slope. Here some of the plants grew up through large tufts of grass or dead weeds, while others occurred in open spots. Some were close to shrubs of considerable size and others grew where the vegetation was much smaller. On the southeast slope, on the other hand, the grass was rather uniformly short and weeds and bushes very few. If variability in the individuals of a populatio n be to a considerable extent due to diversity in their edaphic environment, as many writers have suggested, it would seem quite reasonable to expect a greater variability on the south- west slope where conditions were appareaey: 1 more diverse than on the southeast slope. TABLE I. NOTHOSCORDUM, Length of Stalk in Centimeters. Flowers per Umbel 9 |10)11,12)13 14/15, 16;17|18 }19 20/21/22 23 24/25 26) 27/28 |29|30/31/32/33 S404 1 1).3) 4 Bh 6 8) bh 8) Sa 2t...| 1. pop des. 5 | 2)..) 3} 2) 2/10)11/11) 6/15) 8) 4) 2) 3) 6) 1]..]..] 3)..]..]..]. 6 |..} 1j..{ 1} 1} 8] 2} 7 8/10) 810) 9; 7) 3) 3) 2) 1)..| 1j..}..}. 7 |..}..{ 2} 1} 1} 2] 3) 2) 2) 7) 6/11) 9) 8/13) 4) 3]..) 2) 1) +1) 1). 1 8 a > ol Salen aieeleal ee Ol Micals tf Ol ols seer eed: s [a ok @ 9 ‘ Pata feat Was 8 ek 5 hy Pe kg Oy Gey oe ay Us A S| al” Le | BP ie, a 10 ale ry Ps be eS 3 eg Perm MM re) ay er er Bo | DR bar ky De 11 Sale EPL he bed eek R le «he ok fee CRI EY oT Totals} 2} 2) 6) 7) 9.23/28 28,1936 3031/27/25 31/13) 8} 6} 8} 7) 4) 3/..) 4) 1 : _ or CORRELATION IN FIRST COLLECTION, SOUTHWEST SLOPE. For the purpose of ascertaining whether the plants from these two spots, distant only a few yards from each other, do show differences in variability and correlation the material was collected in separate lots. That from the southwest slope comprised 359 flowering-stalks and the correlation be- CORRELATIONS IN NOTHOSCORDUM AND ALLIUM. 107 tween length of stalk and number of flowers per inflores- cence is shown in Table I, while that from the southeast slope numbered 426 plants whose characteristics are shown in Table II. TABLE II. NOTHOSCORDUM. Length of Stalk in Centimeters. 10|11)12)13)14}15)16)17)18 10 22324 20 26 27 28> Totals 3 3 1 ed Paes] ej pe |] Po BR a nnd ed ey rae me 19 g 4 |{..| 1} 6 3/10/15} 7/11] 9) 1) 5] 1) 3) 1)..]..].- j\..| 44 5 5 1] 2} 3) 8} 8/21/22/22,22'16/11) 9) 6 Sleat Lice s ..| 159 i 6 | 1} 1) 2] 3] 41 7} 6| 9)12/13] 6) 7] 1) 2} 1] 3) 1) 2) 1) 82 &. 7, "| a] 2}. .| 2] 1] 5} 6/10] 7] 6| 8/10] 8} 3]..| 3)..J..].., 72 p 8 ara hcl eb Oe Wi Cae Mi ite Bes as Ue Cos De be 14 g 9 ia SHeealce Rl ees clic OV LE SR Seal oh Diet ees bee 6 E | Jeff | || ||| | -| —— & |Totals| 2) 7)15)15)27|43/43 47/5339 38/27/2816] 8| 5} 7| 1] 4) 1) 426 CORRELATION IN SECOND COLLECTION, SOUTHEAST SLOPE, In these tables the numbers in the left marginal column represent flowers per inflorescence while those along the top give the length of stalk to the nearest centimeter. A word must be said concerning the method of collecting the samples. To dig out the bulbs for so many individuals would have been an almost impossible task.’ By pulling steadily and gently on the stalk it breaks a considerable dis- tance under ground and at about the same point near the bulb. It is fairly easy to detect stalks which have broken sensibly above the usual point and such were discarded. This method of gathering the stalks is a source of some error. The means are necessarily slightly reduced below what they would have been could the bulbs have been dug out. Pos- sibly, too, the variabilities are slightly increased. But the purpose of this first investigation was merely to get some general idea of the degree of interdependence of length of peduncle and number of flowers per inflorescence, and for this purpose very precise measurements are superfluous. I think the error introduced by the method of collecting the plants is—for the purposes in hand—so slight that it may be neglected. At the time the material was gathered prac- 108 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. tically all the flowers had opened or were nearly ready for anthesis. All those with young buds were discarded to avoid the possibility of including stalks which had not completed their growth. These were very few in number and the samples taken may be regarded as representative of the species in this habitat. The rather coarse scale of centi- meter units was adopted partly because of the possible error in the collecting of the material referred to above and partly to obviate the apparently needless labor of dealing with much larger correlation tables. TABLE A. NOTHOSCORDUM. Standard Devi- . Organ and Source| Average and : Coefficient of of Material | Probable Error | *tion and Prob-|) “Variation Length of Stalk Southwest Slope | 19.407+.162 4,545+.114 23.421 Southeast Slope | 17.9704.115 | 3.5114.081 19.541 Difference +1.437+4.198 +1.034+.140 +3.880 Flowers per Inflor- escence Southwest Slope 6.212 4.056 1,584+.040 25.505 Southeast Slope 5.423 + .039 1.217 +.028 22.435 Difference +.789 +.068 +.367+4.049 +3.070 VARIATION CONSTANTS, The means, standard deviations and coefficients of vari- ation, and the probable errors of the first two constants, are given for length of stalk and number of flowers per inflor- escence in Table A. Sheppard’s correction for the second moment was used for all the variabilities given in this paper. These constants require little discussion in this place. The means, standard deviations and coefficients of variation are all somewhat higher, and as the probable errors of the differ- ences show significantly higher, in the series from the south- west slope than in the other of the two lots. The empirical range is also wider, although N is smaller, in the collection from the southwest slope, where I had estimated that edaphic conditions were more variable than in that from the south- east slope where they had appeared to me more uniform. CORRELATIONS IN NOTHOSCORDUM AND ALLIUM. 109 But before any great stress is laid upon these results some real measure of the relative variability of the environmental conditions in different habitats should be secured. Until better data can be obtained these differences in the constants for two collections of material in habitats a stone’s throw from each other may serve as a further warning against the collection of biometric material without due regard to envir- onmental conditions.* The coefficients of correlation are the constants which give the direct answer to the chief question in hand. They are:— Plants from southwest slope, r=.549+.025 Plants from southeast slope, r=.490 +.025 Difference..........+-+ee8s08 .059 +.035 These constants show at once that there is a very sub- stantial interdependence between the length of the flowering- stalk and the number of flowers per inflorescence. The two constants appear somewhat unlike to the eye, but when the probable error of their difference is taken into account it is clear that their divergence is not significant. To render the relationship between the length of the stem and the number of flowers per inflorescence more clear to those unacquainted with biometric terminology we may express the relationship in terms of regression instead of cor- relation. The equations to the regression straight lines are: — For the series from the southwest slope, y=2.501+.191 2. For the series from the southeast slope, y =2.375+.170 &. Here x denotes length of stalk and y number of flowers. From these regression coefficients we see that an increase of about two-tenths of a flower per inflorescence is on an aver- age associated with an increase of a centimeter in the length of the stalk. The relationship between the length of the stalk and the number of flowers per inflorescence may be represented graphically by the slope of the regression line, asin Diagram I. * For one of the first discussions of this subject see the papers on the sources of apparent polymorphism in plants in Biometrika, 1 : 304-319. 1902. 110 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. DIAGRAM I. NOTHOSCORDUM. LENGTH OF FLOWERING-STALK IN CENTIMETERS NUMBER OF FLOWERS PER INFLORESCENCE 4 5 6 : 8 9 TO 11 9 v o - \ es " ry \ \ : Broken line and circles are for southwest — . ‘ slope series; solid line and dots are for south- \ east slope series, ° The crosses on the two lines indicate the — \ position of the four means. ea \ ro) _— \ yn a 27 \ \ 31 a ao ()- \ = 4 v \ ‘ oes \ i Ba SLOPE OF REGRESSION STRAIGHT LINES IN TWO COLLECTIONS, CORRELATIONS IN NOTHOSCORDUM AND ALLIUM. 111 The solid dots and the circles show the actually observed mean numbers of flowers per inflorescence for the several grades of stem length in the two series. The agreement between observation and theory is not very close, but N is not very large in either series and consequently the means of some of the arrays are based upon an inadequate number ofobservations. While the observed means do not fall so near the theoretical lines as one might like to see them, it seems quite idle to seek for a better equation than that for the straight line. Regression seems to be, so far as we can judge from the present data, linear. | The material for Allium stellatum was taken in the fall of 1907 from the hills at Meramec Highlands, Mo. The plants were not collected from such restricted habitats as those of Nothoscordum, but were drawn from a considerable range of territory, perhaps four square miles altogether. The method of gathering and measuring the stalks was the same as for Nothoscordum. In this case the range of variation is so wide that it is convenient to group in classes of three units for purposes of calculation. The data are presented in Table III; the calculated variation constants, in Table B. The coefficient of correlation between length of stalk and number of flowers per inflorescence is .619+.018. Here again the variation constants require no particular comment and are given merely for the convenience of the reader. The co- efficient of correlation is slightly higher than that for Nothos- cordum, but whether any significance is to be attached to the difference could only be determined by the collection of further series of material. The equation to the regression straight line is y=—15.480+1.311 z, where z=length of stalk and y=number of flowers per in- florescence. The graph, Diagram II, shows that the empirical means fall very close to the theoretical line for all but the last three classes. Here there appears at first to be some indication of non-linear regression, but a glance at the cor- relation table shows that the means are based on only 4, 3, and 1 observations respectively and hence cannot be given 112 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, much weight. Under these circumstances I would rather devote time to the collection of additional data than to the mathematical analysis of those already on hand. Hence no further tests for linearity of regression are applied. TABLE III, ALLIUM, Number of Flowers per Inflorescence. [—] So e/8|9lelalalalals|s|s|9|s|o|a|3\2|cla|5lele|2|2|e|3|8/5/4/2/5)5/5/5 fed te \ i 5 Re rit SITs p i 1 Dass /alalalalslela|sisicidia sla a) slala/e\cla/alelalalé aia) alg G| o6-25l 1 Sr SEE Mert! Shh ocleskcctrctecdocloolac 5 @ | 29-81)..|../ 2] 5} 2! 2] 1) 8) ai. at... toc oto lcc tof lecde. 19 £ | 32-34) "2 2| 6|15/20] 9] 9| 6 8] 3)-.|-.|-.|c2]cc|ccfscfec|ss |. at ae 85-37]..|../..| 4] 7] 8/14/21/15/16] 4) 5| 6} 1/3] 2)../ a]..]..|..|..]. tt | 106 3 88 40|..] 1/..| 2| 3] 9/13/11/16/14/23]10| 5] 4] 6| 1|..| 1/../..| 1]..]. Ht .-| 120 | 41-43]..|. ..| 8| 3] 7|11/17/10] 9/10] 2} 4) 3/..| 1/..] 1/..] a]. itis ae 44-46) . 2) 1| 1] 2} 9] 8] 7|10) 6] 4} 4! 4/ 1/3] 1) 1/..]..]. eo ee 4 | 47-49 «-] A..] 2] 1) 1] 8] 1) 8]-8} 2] 1] 2) 2i..]..].. : ; 82 8 | 50-52 col cod Sel Mictfae| S) St 2 2] 2 Bie lect 2 als.) Levies : 16 | 53-55 hig 698 Fa OI Tal FP PR EL mS fy Pa vA 4 ‘3 | 56-58 es as fa TR ine sales ee a 8 59-61 ahockotes tlestlalasiselouds «tes we es ip 1 1 ; 8} 1) 7/14|20| 40/42/55 /65|61/57/40/37/21/23/13| 6] 8} 1| 4) 2] 1] 1)..] 1/..| 1). 1} 525 CORRELATION, TABLB B. ALLIUM. Number of Flowers Length of Stalk per Inflorescence Average and Probable Error 39.491 + .160 36.309 + .340 Standard Deviation and Prob- able Error 5.446+.118 11.571 + .249 Coefficient of Variation 13.791 31.785 VARIATION CONSTANTS, In both of these cases the regression seems to be linear, although in Nothoscordum the fit of the means to the theo- retical line is not very good, and in the case of Alliwm there is some question concerning the upper part of the range, where the observations are inadequate. Further tests of linearity might be applied, but it seems hardly worth while to do so at the present time. CORRELATIONS IN NOTHOSCORDUM AND ALLIUM. 113 The significance of linear regression in the present cases is two-fold. First, it shows that we are quite justified in using the coefficient of correlation to describe the degree of inter- dependence of length of flowering stem and number of flowers per inflorescence. Second, it shows our material to be in DIAGRAM II, ALLIUM. NUMBER OF FLOWERS PER INFLORESCENCE 25 35 45 55 65 78 85 95 105 27 30 61 \ Ra LENGTH OF STALK IN CENTIMETERS Vv Hi | \ RO oO a \ SLOPE OF REGRESSION STRAIGHT LINE. this respect in agreement with the vast majority of organic relationships, for in most cases of organic correlation regres- sion is sensibly linear. In short the high positive values of 7 and the apparently linear regressions indicate that in this material the length of the stalk and the number of flowers per umbel are intimately associated and that the rate of change in the number of flowers as we pass from the shortest to the longest stalks remains practically the same throughout the entire range of variation of the latter character. 8 114 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. There are sources of danger in interpreting these coefficients of correlation biologically. We are dealing here with statis- tical constants which measure precisely the degree of simi- larity of the associated variables under consideration, but give no intimation whatever as to the cause of this simi- larity. The physiologist has long used the term correlation, and it must be borne in mind that the word has a somewhat different meaning in the terminology of quantitative biology. All that the coefficient of correlation does is to describe, not interpret, degrees of interdependence. In the present in- stance we are dealing with perennial plants, and it is not at all unreasonable to think that the age of the individuals may make considerable difference in the magnitude of both the length of the flowering-stalk and the number of flowers per inflorescence. In this case the correlation would be in- creased by an amount depending upon the age heterogeneity of the collections. There seems to be, however, no way of avoiding this difficulty in material of this kind gathered in nature. Comparison with plants of annual habit of growth might, perhaps, throw some light upon this question. In conclusion, the data presented show that there is a considerable degree of interdependence between the length of the flowering-stalk of these monocotyledons and the num- ber of flowers which they produce. It is not at all surpris- ing to find this relationship, and refined statistical methods would not have been required to demonstrate its existence in this particular case. To those who urge that it is pedantic to devote laborious researches to the demonstration of what . is to be @ priort expected, the reply is two-fold. First, in science, assumptions, however plausible on the surface, should never be accepted without actual demonstration on adequate material. The need of careful regard to this dictum is found in the group of problems we are considering here. In un- published data somewhat similar to these, for other species, I find results not at all in agreement with those set forth in the present paper, although there is a priort quite as much reason for expecting high positive correlations as in the spe- cies here considered. Second, we should not be content to merely demonstrate the existence of a relationship; we CORRELATIONS IN NOTHOSCORDUM AND ALLIUM. 115 should measure its intensity as well. When a sufficient number of such measurements are available, comparisons will permit broader generalizations and suggest deeper re- searches than we can now foresee, or can ever hope to attain without strictly quantitative methods of investigation. CORRELATION IN THE INFLORESCENCE OF CELASTRUS SCANDENS. BY J. ARTHUR HARRIS. Data supplementary to those presented in the preceding papers are to be found in my notes on the inflorescence of Celastrus scandens. Since I have not now the time for col- lecting sufficiently numerous and varied series of material for a comprehensive study of variation and correlation in the inflorescence it seems best to publish the rather diverse notes which I have under separate titles which shall indi- cate the species examined as well as the subject considered. In the fall of 1905, 386 clusters of the fruit of C. scan- dens were collected in the woods a little north of Jefferson Barracks, Mo. All of these were taken from one clump of vines. Whether these were parts of the same _ individ- ual or whether more than one plant was _ involved was not definitely determined at the time. The fruits were gathered primarily to secure a variation curve for number of seeds developing per fruit, and the problems connected with the inflorescence presented themselves later. At that time, too, like most biologists I was unacquainted with the impor- tance of knowing definitely the number of individuals from which material for quantitative investigation is taken. Pre- sumably only a single plant was involved, but we do not know this to be true. And so far as I am able to see this unfortunate omission in our observations does not affect in any way the validity of any conclusions drawn in this paper, although it has necessitated the neglecting of certain other points which might have been considered had our knowledge of this point been definite. These fruits are very easily worked with. A transverse section quickly made with a razor, shows at a glance the number of seeds which have developed. Thenormal number of cells in this collection of material was three, and two seeds sometimes developed in each locule. The maximum normal number of seeds was assumed to be six. In sectioning (116) CORRELATION, INFLORESCENCE OF CELASTRUS SCANDENS. 117 2541 fruits, only two were found in which the fruit was four-celled and the number of seeds greater than 6. Of course it is impossible to say that more than 6 ovules might not have been produced in any of the fruits which bore 6 seeds or fewer. It seemed best to regard these two cases merely as teratological; the two clusters upon which they were borne were therefore discarded, and only 384 TABLE I, CELASTRUS. Fruits Matured per Infloresence. Flowers per Inflorescence 213/415/6|7]8| 9 |10,11/12)13|14|15)16/17|18)19)20/21|22 23) Totals Pe PE Fas Pe 5 Ore alee) hleeden|eslleodemls-|- |. aen 4 Li Bees Ceara | Pid Oe Qe 9 Wace Wry feces cd eee ee ale 6 7 1) 5) 4). .| 2) 2j..]..]..]..|.-1- ule 13 8 1)11| 5] 6). .]..} 4)..]..].-]..]- aso 27 9 LO GLE 3) Z| Ole ci hat. . |. saile 37 10 1) 5| 9} 3) 9) 3) 3} 1) 2)..)..].. ay 36: 11 (|..| 5} 4/10) 5) 8) 1) 1) 2) 1)..).. a 37 12 7| 8} 5} 9} 9} 3) 6 4) 1) 2). suk 54 13 4| 6| 4] 6} 6 6} 2; 4) 3) 1) 1 Role 43. 14 1} 1} 6) 3} 2| 5) 2) 5) 3) 2) 4) 2) 2)..)..). 38. 15 .| 1] 4) 4) 2) 3) 3) 5) 5) 4) 2)..) 2) 1)..]. 36 16 .| 1} 2] 5] 2] 1] 8] 2)..] 2) 1) 4)..]..]..1. 23 17 | 1f..] 1..] 3] 3] a) aj..] 2y..) 2) a-.}. 13 18 Petals chee peel ee goat ed ope. fe 1 1. 4 19 ce Pee a Peco Ral 1 20 cog es : 1 1 2 4 21 1}. 1 2 22 calle + apo! 23 al Bee 24 1 1 —|—|—|—|-|— | | - | | | I eet eto se Totals is an ral lis 21/14)11| 7| 6] 4 | ed ee 1) 384 CORRELATION FOR FLOWERS AND FRUITS. used for the statistical study. Since that time I have found Celastrus in which 4-celled fruits occurred very frequently, and it is possibly unfortunate that the two inflorescences bearing these aberrant fruits were discarded. But it is cer- tainly not worth while to go to the labor of inserting them. into the tables. The number of fruits per inflorescence is quite variable, ranging in the present sample from 2 to 23. The first 118 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. question which arises is that concerning the relationship be- tween the number of flowers formed and the number of fruits maturing per inflorescence. Unfortunately it is not possible to determine with absolute certainty the number of flowers formed from an examination of the mature fruit clusters. But from the scars left by the falling of the flow- ers failing to develop mature fruits it is possible to obtain a pretty close approximation, and I venture to publish the data after warning the reader that the frequencies are per- haps not absolutely trustworthy, though the best we could determine under the circumstances. Table I shows the correlation between the number of flowers formed and the number of fruits maturing on the 384 inflorescences of our sample. The constants which are of service are: Mean number of flowers 11.948+.110 Standard deviation of flowers _ §8.202+.078 Coefficient of variation of flowers 26.80 Mean number of fruits 6.578 +.110 Standard deviation of fruits 3.196 +.078 Coefficient of variation of fruits 48.58 The coefficient of correlation between the number of flowers formed and the number of fruits developing is r=.572+.023. The degree of interdependence between these two char- acters is therefore very considerable. But isolated con- stants of this kind are of little interest; to give them the greatest significance a sufficient number of such correlations should be worked out to make the problem a comparative one. It will be of considerable physiological interest, I im- agine, to determine how closely the number of fruits develop- ing per inflorescence in distinct species, or in series of the same species taken in different habitats, is dependent upon the number of flowers formed. The only case available for comparison is that of the immature inflorescence of Staphy- lea * where we find acorrelation of about 0.46. With a be- ginning once made, data of this kind will gradually accumu- late. * Harris, J. A. Biometrika. 6 : 441. 1909. CORRELATION, INFLORESCENCE OF CELASTRUS SCANDENS. 119 For present purposes the constant of most significance is not that for the relationship between the number of flowers formed and the actual number of fruits developing per in- florescence, but between the number of flowers formed per inflorescence and the deviation of the number of fruits de- veloping per inflorescence from the number which would have developed had the number of fruits per inflorescence been merely proportional to the number of flowers formed in a ratio determined by the total number of flowers and fruits in the population as a whole. This constant shows us at once whether there ison the whole any difference in the capacity of the inflorescences for developing their ovaries into fruits depending upon the number of flowers of which they are composed. When I pointed out the desirability of such a constant as this to Professor Pearson while working in his laboratory he kindly worked out the mathematical formulae necessary. The constant* is calculated from the formula ‘ Tay ValVy xz Veit? + ty Vav where x=flowers and y=fruits per inflorescence, V, and V, are the coefficients of variation of the two characters, and zis to be read as “the deviation of the number of fruits per inflorescence from its probable value.” Substituting constants in the above formula we find T yy = +024 + .034 This constant, differing from 0 by less than its probable er- ror, shows at once that there is no sensible difference in the capacity of inflorescences with different numbers of flowers to mature their fruits. The results are not at all in accord with those for the only other inflorescence so far investigated with regard to this point, the Staphylea series above referred to. There we found a considerable positive correlation be- tween the actual number of flowers formed and fruits ma- turing, but a marked negative correlation of about —.65 be- tween the number of flowers per inflorescence and the devia- * Harris, J. A. Biometrika. 63 439. 1909. 120 —- MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. tion of the number of fruits formed from their probable value. But it will be recalled that in the case of Staphylea the process of elimination of ovaries was not yet complete. In the original paper I remarked: “It may be found later that after the elimination is complete the correlation be- tween the number of flowers and the deviation of the number of fruits per inflorescence from their prob- TABLE II. CELASTRUS. Number of Seeds per Fruit. 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 5 6 Totals 4 5 7 Pe, bee 1 1 18 eae bee 2 4 1 7 2 16 6 1 7 7 6 1 2 24 8 ? 3 8 5 14 12 10 52 8 8 4 17 11 36 33 16 117 9 5 20 32 56 44 23 180 FE} 10 4 22 38 52 57 23 196 a} il 4 16 42 60 62 31 215 4} 12 4 34 71 94 97 48 348 we! 13 6 31 63 81 68 49 298 Bl} 14 7 23 68 77 81 50 | 306 Bi 15 7 26 66 87 66 50 302 =| 16 3 12 34 52 50 32 183 2} 17 2 9 22 32 28 20 113 eer 18 lewis. 5 13 20 6 3 47 a ee See Ses ee 1 1 3 1 6 Z| 20 3 6 13 16 16 S 62 1 a: 1 9 3 6 1 20 BE oe: face ch. vcs cas|co co cevcla ocwoverlss clears; teameway. i i Se. brs ccecale ass cunubcs HERI, os daaweaes 24 2 1 8 7 4 1 23 Totals | 60 247 511 695 642 371 | 2526 CORRELATION FOR FLOWERS PER INFLORESCENCE AND SEEDS PER FRUIT. able number will rise to sensibly 0, or take a substan- tial positive value.” Iam anxious to see many other series of comparable material collected and reduced for comparison with these. The second question to demand solution is; What rela- tionship, if any, is there between the number of flowers formed per inflorescence and the number of seeds in the fruits of an inflorescence? The same question is to be asked CORRELATION, INFLORESCENCE OF CELASTRUS SCANDENS. 121 concerning the relationship between number of fruits matur- ing per inflorescence and number of seeds maturing per fruit. If the inflorescences with larger numbers of flowers or fruits represent the more vigorous fruiting axes, it seems not unreasonable to suppose that they might mature more seeds per fruit than the smaller axes. No originality is claimed for this suggestion. The idea seems to be held in one form or TABLE III. CELASTRUS. Number of Seeds per Fruit. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Totals 2 as en 3 2 4 10 3 6 24 32 48 37 21 168 4 7 27 54 59 49 44 240 5 3 32 54 82 78 26 275 8 6 6 30 55 57 64 40 252 a 7 5 31 42 90 76 43 287 3 8 6 21 43 81 77 44 272 fi 9 13 45 62 54 42 216 | 10 8 19 49 56 57 21 210 Al 11 8 20 37 33 35 21 154 Py 12 7 29 31 40 25 132 13 2 3 10 25 31 20 91 Be 14 1 6 21 28 17 11 84 S| 15 3 3 16 19 14 5 60 ae}. Game beet 3 7 6 bot ole ite 16 oa Flay b eee Reg res oa ene PIN coe) ocbteiy eu cca | 18 3 6 9 8 7 3 36 2 (i aah poe Es Ey Pee errr | fier aren ree 5 TT ET poet aa ee ANE EO Maman DRM) PENMAN E See ates Ports ra re On | oe al Pacey Panic Period PIG cl cao, SOP Cu 2c a Otc "se hay Roa Sarat te ARON) PUNO Mere Fie ease ee 23 2 1 8 7 4 1 23 Totals | 60 247 511 695 642 o¢l 2526 CORRELATION FOR FRUITS PER INFLORESCENCE AND SEEDS PER FRUIT. another by a number of botanists with whom I have talked. Some even seem to consider that it is so self-evident that there should be a correlation between the size of the individual— in the case of annual plants—and the fertility of its fruits, or between the size of the inflorescence and the fertility of the fruits that it is hardly worth while to take up an actual investigation of the problem. 7 122 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Tables for the correlation between the number of flowers per inflorescence and the number of seeds per fruit, and for the number of fruits developed per inflorescence and the number of seeds per fruit, are given under the numbers II and III. The possibility of some uncertainty concerning the number of flowers formed will be borne in mind. In these tables the numbers of flowers formed and fruits developing are necessarily weighted with the number of fruits which they actually produce. In calculating the cor- relation coefficients, standard deviations based on these weighted frequencies were calculated, but it seems unneces- sary to publish them here. The constants for number of seeds per fruit are: Mean 4.0788 +.0172 Standard deviation 1,2817+.0122 Coefficient of variation 31.422 The relationship between number of flowers per inflores- cence and number of seeds per fruit, and between number of fruits developing per inflorescence and the number of seeds per fruit are: Number of flowers and number of seeds, r= ° .033+4.013 Number of fruits and number of seeds, r=—.012+.013 Possibly the first of these coefficients is significant with regard to its probable error; the second is certainly not. In the calculation of these probable errors, N was taken as the actual number of fruits involved in the correlation table. If we consider that the degree of trustworthiness of our work is determined rather by the number of inflorescences, our probable errors will be so raised that neither of these con- stants can possibly be regarded as significant. The fact that one is positive and the other negative also raises some doubt as to their significance. We conclude therefore that, so far as the data now avail- able for this species enable us to determine, there is neither sensible interdependence between the number of flowers formed on an inflorescence and its capacity for maturing the ovaries of these flowers into fruits nor sensible relationship between the size of an inflorescence as measured by the num- ber of flowers it produces and the number of seeds per fruit. AN ANALYTICAL KEY TO SOME OF THE SEGREGATES OF OENOTHERA. BY REGINALD R. GATES. This little key is published with the idea of aiding botan- ists in America and Europe, who have no special knowledge of or acquaintance with the forms concerned, in identifying some of the recent segregates and mutants of Oenothera as they are now recognized on the basis of the pedigree cultures of recent years. Since some of these forms, such as O. grandiflora, are known still to occur in the wild condition, and since some of them are liable to be discovered at any time in a new locality, it is important that botanists in general should have available a brief analytical key with mention of the chief differentiating characters and references to some of the best illustrations and descriptions of the various forms. As an instance of the necessity for this may be mentioned a recent experience of the writer, whose attention was called to a large flowered evening primrose growing in the back yard of a citizen of Saint Louis, Mr. Ernest F. Achle, 5143 Page Avenue. The large flowers attracted attention and a specimen was brought for identification. An examination of the plant-showed that it is very probably a form or deriva- tive of O. grandiflora. This plant is at present only known from two localities in Alabama, and the source from which this particular specimen reached its present location is quite unknown. But it is by no means unlikely that search by botanists and collectors will reveal its presence in various parts of the country. Probably the most likely location in which to look for O. grandiflora is in the States of the Middle South. I may say that cultures of some English Oenotheras growing wild near Liverpool, an account of which is as yet unpublished,* show that various races of O. grandiflora, as well as O. Lamarckiana and its deriva- tives, occur in that locality. * See Proceedings British Assoc. Adv. Sci., Sec. K. Winnipeg meeting, 1909. (123) 124 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. It is hoped that this key will aid botanists in the identifi- cation, approximately at least, of these forms, and will lead to an increased interest among collectors in the search for these types throughout North America and Europe. Of course the present key is very incomplete and it would be desirable to add many forms to the list, but these can be added as our knowledge of the forms becomes more accu- rate through the medium of pedigree cultures. Even though the forms which will be discovered arefound to have been introduced or escaped from gardens, a com- parison of the types from various stations as they occur under such conditions is of interest, as I have already found from my cultures of the Liverpool Oenotheras. The study and comparison of such areas will lead to results of the greatest interest and importance bearing on such problems as the ef- fects of climatic conditions after long periods. The Oenotheras, onaccount of their weed-like character, are of peculiar value from this standpoint, because their habit of preempting deserted areas and multiplying rapidly makes each such patch or locality equivalent to a transplantation experi- ment in which the success or failure of the various mutants and segregates, and the changes they have undergone under the conditions of the struggle, can be noted and analyzed. It is a good example of the occasional vagaries of system- atic botany that O. grandiflora should have been so long considered a mere “ large-flowered variety” of O. biennis, while in reality it is at least as distinct from O. biennis as is O. Lamarckiana. Though O. grandiflora and O. Lamarcki- ana come in the same sub-group of the Onagra series, they are distinct from each other in a great many characters, and both appear undoubtedly to be good “Linnean” species. What the relation of such large-flowered forms as O. Hook- ert and O. Drummondii is to O. biennis and O. grandiflora, I am not at present prepared to indicate. The difference be- tween the small-flowered forms, with short style, such as O. biennis, and the large flowered forms with long style, such as O. grandiflora, is probably the most distinct line of cleavage in the sub-genus Onagra. SOME SEGREGATES OF OENOTHERA. 125 The following key is prepared largely from the characters of the plants as they have appeared in my own cultures. The only exceptions are O. argillicola, the account of which is taken from MacDougal, Carnegie Pub. 24: 11. pl.7. 1905, and Mackenzie, Notes on evening primroses, (Torreya, 4: 56-57), 1904; O. Simsiana, O. Oakesiana, O. muricata and O. parviflora, the account of which is from Vail, Carnegie Pub. 81. 1907; and O. elliptica, O. sublinearis, and O. scintil- lans, which I have not grown, and for which the description has been taken from DeVries’ account. DeVries, in his Mutationstheorie, 2 : 322-328, has already prepared several keys to the mutants, based respectively on seedling characters; height and branching of plants; leaves; and flowers, fruits and seeds. In the following key, characters are chosen from all the stages of development, and, as far as possible, from those which are most likely to be encountered by a botanist in the field. The selection of differentiating characters under these circumstances is a difficult one and I am not sure that the choice I have made is always the best. But short descriptions, enumerating the chief dis- tinctive features of the various forms, are appended for aid in case the stages chosen in the keys are not available, or the distinctions drawn are not sufficiently clear. Refer- ences are also given to some of the most accurate figures of the different species. It should be said that in the case of the mutants from O. Lamarckiana, occasional specimens appear which trans- gress in one or more characters any line which can be drawn between related forms. Usually, however, the forms fit very well the descriptions given them. There is no attempt to cite the extensive literature of the genus here. A systematic treatment was published by Small * in 1896, and a monograph by Léveilléf in 1902 and 1905. * Small, John K. Oenothera and its segregates. (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 23: 167-194). 1896. + Léveillé, H. Monographie du genre Onothera. Le Mans. 1902 and ~ 1905. Lee ee ee et > 126 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. GENERAL KEY. Petals cruciate, narrow and linear. O. cruciata. This probably includes a number of sub-forms,. Cruciate varieties of O. Lamarckiana and of European QO. biennis, as well as of other forms, are also known, See DeVries, Die Mutationstheorie. 2 : 593- 633. Petals broad; flowers small, about 3 cm, in diameter; petals about 13-15 _ mm, long; style short, so that the anthers surround the stigma lobes and ensure self-pollination in the bud. Sepal tips appressed; capsule not taper, often stouter near the middle. O. biennis and its segregates. Sepal tips spreading; capsule long and taper. O. Oakesiana. Petals broad; flowers smaller than in O. biennis; stigma situated below the anthers in the bud. Petals 13-15 mm. long; rosette persisting when the plant is mature. O. muricata, Flowers larger than in O. muricata; rosette persisting. O. ammophila, Flowers very small; petals 8 mm. long; rosette not persisting. O. parviflora, Petals broad; flowers large; style long (except in O. brevistylis, which hasa very short style), protruding the stigma beyond the stamens and preventing self-pollination before the bud opens. Flowers large, about 7 cm. or more in diameter; style very long, so that the stigma protrudes from the bud before the latter opens (as is often true also of the buds of O. Lamarckiana and O. grandiflora in the latter part of the season); calyx glabrous, Rosette leaves nearly glabrous, long, linear or linear-spatulate, sinuate. O. argillicola, Flowers about 7 cm. in diameter; style short, so that the stigma is surrounded by the anthers, as in O. biennis. O. Simsiana. Flowers about 7 cm. in diameter (or larger in O. gigas); style longer than in O. biennis, so that the stigma is protruded be- yond the stamens, but enclosed in the bud, except in some cases in the later and smaller buds of the season. Buds smooth, with an inconspicuous pubescence of short hairs; sepals thin and papery; bud-cone slender, about 6 to 7 mm, in diameter at the base, and rounded owing to thinness of sepals and less prominence of the median longitudinal ridge of the sepals; sepal tips usually long and very slender. Red glands on stem present or absent. O. grandiflora and its segregates. Buds papillate, with numerous long and short hairs; sepals some- what thicker thanin O. grandiflora and median ridge more prominent, giving a characteristic squarish appearance to 9 SOME SEGREGATES OF OENOTHERA. 127 the buds; sepal tips awl-shaped, stouter than in O, grandiflora. Red glands always present on stems. O. Lamarckiana and its segregates. KEY TO THE LAMARCKIANA FORMS, Rosette leaves, and to a lesser extent in some cases, stem leaves crinkled. .a Rosette and stem leaves nearly or quite free from crinkling............ b a. Rosette leaves and stem leaves sessile or nearly so. O. nanella, Rosette leaves and lower stem leaves with petioles.............+ c c. Petioles of rosette leaves not margined. O. oblonga. Petioles of rosette leaves margined..........0..+00-eee d d. Leaves whitish......... ERI Gh cet Cetetehe wie ce e Leaves green without whitish cast. ............ f f. Flowers larger than in 0. Lamarckiana; bud cone about 9 to 10 mm. in diameter at the base; hypanthium stouter, about 4mm, in diameter. O. gigas. Flowers somewhat smaller; budcone about 7 to 8 mm. in diameter at the base; hypanthium more slender, about 3 mm, in diameter....g g. Rosette leaves oblong or fairly broadly lanceolate, crinkled, POMC ele fe cits aie he ny c'snkya pains sted oo Ne SO Ka eles tin ge h Rosette leaves very broad, oblong, with very obtuse tips, lighter green and much crinkled ....... a. Serre i Rosette leaves similar to those of O. Lamarckiana (h), but rather broader and with very obtuse, rounded tips, The bracts are also broader than in O. Lamarckiana, and the sepal tips very short. O. brevistylis. h. Blooming at the same time in the season as other forms (in my cultures beginning about the end of July). Ovaries of ordinary shape, 8 to 10 mm. inlength.—See short description. O. Lamarckiana. Blooming later than O. Lamarckiana (beginning in my cultures of thisyear about August 15th). Leaves like those of O. Lamarckiana, but closely clothing the stem; branches few; capsules long and thin. O. leptocarpa. i. Stems often weak and more or less decumbent; buds greenish, rounded, not usually squarish, thick; an- thers dry and sterile; petals much crumpled in the bud, making it usually one-sided. O. lata. Taller than O. lata; bud cones less thick than in O. lata,more squarish; leaves smaller and less rounded at the point; anthers producing pollen. 0. semilata. b. Petals emarginate or sometimes truncate..... Eres Ser Pure Ty on j Petals elliptical, capsules long and thin. Stem low, weak; leaves very small, lanceolate, long and narrow, often ten times longer than broad. O. elliptica. Strongly branched, less than one metre high; leaves very small, nearly linear. O. sublinearis. 128 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, e. Rosette leaves whitish, young rosette otherwise very much as in O. oblonga; flowers pale yellow; capsules small with few seeds. O. albida, Rosette leaves nearest those of O. Lamarckiana, but narrower, usually shorter and less crinkled, usually but not always with midribs rather conspicuously red on the upper surface; stem leaves also frequently with red midribs. Rosette leaves with petioles usually red above but always green be- neath. Sepals usually with red stripes of varying width, but hypanthium and median ridge of sepals always green. O. rubrinervis. Rosette leaves with petioles more or less red above but conspicuously red on the lower surface. Calyx deep red throughout, includ- ing median ridge of sepals and the whole hypanthium. O. rubricalyz, j. Rosette leaves more narrowly lanceolate than in O. Lamarckiana, of normal length, of uniform width for the greater part of their length, usually smooth and free from crinkling; stem leaves . smooth, standing out rather straight from the stem, narrow and more or less furrow-shaped; capsules of normal size and shape. O. laevifolia. Leaves small, with broad midrib; capsules short and thick, of half normal size or less, smooth. The bud-bearing portion of stalk above the flowers is longer than in other forms. O. scintillans. OENOTHERA BIENNIS Linnaeus. Oenothera, foliis lanceolatis dentatis caule hispido. Miller, Figures of the most beautiful, useful and uncommon plants described in the Gardeners’ Dictionary, etc. 2. pl. 189. j. 1. Plate dated 1757. Oenothera biennis Linn. Sturm’s Deutschlands Flora. 8. pl. 35. Niirn- berg. 1812.—Ettingshausen und Pokorny, Physiotypia plantarum austriacarum. 10. pl. 926. Prag. 1873.—Millspaugh, Medicinal plants. 1. pl.60. Philadelphia. 1892. Onagra (Ocnothera) biennis (L.) Scop. MacDougal, Mutants and hybrids of the Oenotheras. (Carnegie Pub. 24:9. pl. 3-6). 1905. The rosettes are various in the different races. Flowers small when open, about 3 cm. in diameter; style short, so that the anthers surround the stigma lobes, and self pollina- tion of the flower invariably takes place before the bud opens, the ruptured anthers being in direct contact with the stigma lobes; buds small and rather pointed, squarish, usually greenish, or with more or less red on the sepals. This “species” ranges throughout North America and un- doubtedly contains a large number of geographic races, most SOME SEGREGATES OF OENOTHERA. 129 of which have not yet been isolated. The O.biennis which ex- tends over a large part of Europe is still another form, or per- haps series of forms. The small flowers and the short style ensuring self-pollination are characters easily distinguish- ing it from all the derivatives of O. Lamarckiana and O. grandiflora. OENOTHERA OAKESIANA (Robbins) 8. Watson. Vail in “ Mutations, variations and relationships of the Oenotheras’’, (Carnegie Pub. 81:70. pl. 15-17). 1907. This species is very close to O. biennis, the main differ- ences enumerated by Robbins being the possession of spread- ing sepal tips, a longer and more taper capsule and larger seeds. The rosette leaves are oblong-ovate, obtuse, taper- ing to a white, margined petiole, dull or pale blue-green, nearly glabrous; later rosette leaves more or less strigose- pubescent, narrowly lanceolate, shallowly toothed at acute apex, more deeply notched at the slender, tapering base. Stem leaves narrowly lanceolate, acute and tapering at each end. OENOTHERA MURICATA Linnaeus. Flora Danica. pl. 1752. 1823.—Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Ger. et Helv. 23. pl. 21. 1898.—Vail in “ Mutations, variations and relationships of the Oenotheras”. p. 73. pl. 21, 22. 1907. The flowers are somewhat smaller than in O. biennis, and the style shorter so that the stigma is below the stamens in the bud; buds pubescent with appressed and spreading hairs; rosette persisting when the plant is mature. Rosette leaves approximately denticulate, more deeply so toward the base, with a broad white-margined petiole. Stems angled, turn- ing red and outer bark splitting into shreds at maturity. OENOTHERA PARVIFLORA Linnaeus. Meerburg, Plantae rariores. pl. 34. 1789. Vail in “ Mutations, varia- tions and relationships of the Oenotheras”. p. 71. pl. 18-20. 1907. Flowers very small; petals 8 mm. long; stigma situated below the stamens in the bud; rosette leaves long and slender, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acutish, dark green and shiny; buds club-shaped with spreading sepal tips. 130 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Rosette leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acutish, more deeply notched at the long, tapering base, dark green and shiny, sparingly mottled with red. OENOTHERA ARGILLICOLA Mackenzie. MacDougal, Mutants and hybrids of the Oenotheras. (Carnegie Pub. 24:11. pl. 7). 1905. Flowers large, petals 44.5 em. long (8-4 cm. long, Mac- kenzie); stigma projecting from the unopened bud; buds glabrous (no short hairs?) ; capsules glabrous, tapering. Ro- sette leaves glabrous or nearly so, except the sparingly cili- ate margins, broadly linear to linear-spatulate, sinuate; petioles relatively stout. Stem very leafy; stem leaves linear-lanceolate. : The “‘ glabrous ” buds and capsules of O. argillicola appar- ’ ently bring it nearer to O. grandiflora than to any other form. OENOTHERA SIMSIANA Seringe. Oenothera corymbosa Sims, Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 45. pl. 1974. 1818. Oenothera Simsiana Ser. Pl. pub. with Acad. Intern. Géog. Bo- tanique Bull. iii. 9. 1900.—Vail in “ Mutations, variations and rela- tionships of the Oenotheras.” (Carnegie Pub. 81:68. pl. 13, 14), 1907. Flowers large, petals 4 em. long, stigma surrounded by the stamens in the bud; buds densely appressed-pubescent (long hairs?); bud cone tapering only in terminal portion; erect free sepal tips mostly unequal. Rosette leaves oblong to obovate, gradually tapering to the broad petiole, light yel- low-green; petiole white. Plant straggling in appearance; stem leaves oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute or acumi- nate, coriaceous, very brittle, bright yellow-green, soon turning red. Some of the hybrids between O. Lamarckiana forms and O. biennis, like O. Simsiana have a short style so that the anthers surround the stigma in the bud, but the petals are smaller than in O. Lamarckiana. OENOTHERA GRANDIFLORA Aiton. Oenothera grandiflora. Barton, A flora of North America. 1. pl. 6. Philadelphia. 1821.—Probably the most accurate plate. The slender SOME SEGREGATES OF OENOTHERA. 131 rounded bud and delicate sepal tips are well represented. The stem leaf inj. 2 is also correct for O. grandiflora, but too broad for O. Lamarckiana.—Vail in ‘Mutations, variations and relationships of the Oenotheras.” (Carnegie Pub. 81:66. pl. 11, 12). 1907. Usually in cultures a loose rosette of few leaves, or in some cases no rosette at all. Especially when grown in conditions of high temperature and humidity, a much better rosette is formed and the later rosette leaves have a prominent series of basal lobes on each side of the midrib, easily distinguishing them from those of any of the O. Lamarckiana or O. biennis derivatives. The stem leaves are usually larger and broader than in O. Lamarckiana and largely free from crinkling. Flowers large, about 7 cm. in diameter when open; style- long, protruding the stigma beyond the anthers and prevent- ing pollination before the bud opens; buds smooth with a. small amount of pubescence of short hairs; sepals thin and papery, often wrapped more or less diagonally around the: bud: buds slender and rounded owing to thinness of sepals: and less prominence of the longitudinal median ridge of the: sepals; sepal tips usually long and very slender. These bud characters easily distinguish it from O. Lamarckiana. Red! glands on stem present or absent. OENOTHERA LAMARCKIANA Seringe. Oenothera biennis. Sowerby’s English Botany. 22. pl. 1534. 1806.— Probably O. Lamarckiana rather than O. grandiflora, but sepal tips not well represented. Oenothera grandiflora Sims, Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 46. pl. 2068. 1819.— Petals less strongly emarginate and much less cuneate than in this figure. Ocnothera biennis var. grandiflora Lindl. Edwards’ Bot. Register. 19. pl. 1604. 1833.—Probably O. Lamarckiana. Leaf (probably a rosette leaf or one of the lower stem leaves) much too narrowly lanceolate for O. grandiflora; sepal tips also too short and stout. Ocenothera Lamarckiana. Floral Mag. 2. pl. 78. 1862.—The reddish buds and stem suggest O. rubrinervis. : Ocnothera Lamarckiana Lemaire.—Illustration Horticole. 9. pl. 318. 1862.—Copied, reversed, from the Floral Magazine. Oenothera Lamarckiana Ser. DeVries, Die Mutationstheorie. 13 213.. }. 65, whole plant; 13 227. 7. 61, flowering shoot; 1: 228. 7. 62, ro- sette leaf; 1: 229. f. 64, young rosette; 1: 230. /. 66, very young; rosette; 1: 320. f. 99, fruits; 1: 153. 7. 42, flower nat. size; 1: 169. a — 132 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. j. 46, buds; 1: 192. pl. 1, colored; 1: 289. 7. 89, rosette leaf, bract and terminal rosette; 13378. f. 114, dry fruits; 2: 240. pl. 1,colored; 2:496. pl. 3, colored. For figures of O. Lamarckiana and its mutants, see DeVries, Die Mutationstheorie, 1901 and 1903; Recherches expéri- mentales sur I’ origine des espéces (Rev. gén. de bot. 13 : 5-17). 1901.—MacDougal, Mutation in plants (Am. Nat. 37: 737-770). 1903. Printed also in Contrib. N. Y. Bot. Garden, no. 48. figs. 8—MacDougal et al., Mutants and hy- brids of the Oenotheras (Carnegie Pub. no. 24). 1905: and Mutations, variations and relationships of the Oenotheras (Carnegie Pub. no. 81). 1907. Flowers large, about 7 cm. in diameter, style 1ong, as in O. grandiflora. Buds pubescent, with numerous long and short hairs, sepals somewhat thicker than in O. grandiflora, and median ridge more prominent, giving a characteristic squarish appearance to the buds. Sepal tips awl-shaped, stouter than in O. grandiflora. These numerous characters of the sepals make it possible to distinguish the O. Lamarckiana and O. grandiflora buds without any difficulty. Although the differences are all purely quantitative in character, yet their summation gives an entirely different aspect to the bud in the two cases. Rosette leaves usually much crinkled, rather broadly lanceolate, pointed, usually without red on midribs; petiole margined for some distance. A rosette is always formed and the rosette stage usually (in cultures) lasts about four months after the planting of theseeds. Stem leaves crinkled. Red glands on stem and ovaries. Sepals usually green, but sometimes with reddish stripes. The O. Lamarckiana forms usually come into bloom later than O. grandiflora. OENOTHERA RUBRINERVIS DeVries. See under O. Lamarckiana. Die Mutationstheorie. 1 : 162. f. 43, flower- ing shoot; 1: 199. f. 49, whole plant; 1: 207. /. 52, rosette leaves; 1: 209. f. 54, rosette leaves; 1 : 231-238. 7. 67, 68, 70, whole plant; 1: 320. 7. 99, fruits; 2: 496. pl. 3, colored. Rosette leaves narrower, usually shorter and less crinkled than in O. Lamarckiana, whitish, and usually but not always SOME SEGREGATES OF OENOTHERA. 133 with rather conspicuous red midribs; stem leaves also fre- quently with red midribs, otherwise very similar to those of O. Lamarckiana, not always whitish. Petioles of rosette leaves margined for some distance. Sepals usually with conspicuous red stripes varying in width. Hypanthium green. Stem generally less stout than in O. Lamarckiana, usually with more - side branches and sometimes slightly zigzag. Oenothera rubricalyx. This conspicuous form first originated in my cultures as a mutant from O. rubrinervis two years ago. The same identical type has since appeared as one of two types in the F, of O. nanella pollinated from a certain strain of O. bien- nis. In both cases it breeds true except for certain indi- viduals which revert to O. rubrinervis, the percentage of reversions being a simple Mendelian ratio in the last case, and possibly also in the first. A full description of this form will appear elsewhere in connection with an account of Oenothera cultures. O. rubricalyx is clearly distinct from O. rubrinervis md there are no intermediate forms. The only distinguishing feature of this mutant is its greatly increased production of red pigment (anthocyan). It is differentiated from O. rubri- mervis in having much pigment on the under surface of the rosette leaf petioles, and on the hypanthium as well as the whole of the sepal, including the median longitudinal ridge. This latter makes the buds very conspicuous so that they are distinguishable from O. rubrinervis at a glance. There is also an increase in pigment production on the stem and in other parts of the plant. OENOTHERA LATA DeVries. See under 0. Lamarckiana. Die Mutationstheorie. 1: 169. 7. 46, buds; 1: 220. 7. 58, leaf; 1: 288. 7. 88, flowering shoot; 1: 289. 7. 89, rosette leaf, bract and terminal rosette; 1 : 294. /. 91, rosette; 1: 295. f. 92, rosette; 13321. f. 101, fruits; 23 240. pl. 1, colored; 2 : 496, pl. 3, colored. Rosette leaves very broad, oblong, with very obtuse tips, lighter green and very much crinkled. Stems often weak and more or less decumbent. Buds greenish, rounded and 134 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. barrel-shaped, not usually squarish, thick; anthers dry and sterile; petals much crumpled in the bud, arranged so as to make it usually one-sided. The O. lata from Liverpool, England, is a stronger form which has less difficulty in forming a stalk, having buds of normal squarish shape, and producing a considerable amount of good pollen, so that self-pollination can be effected with- out difficulty. This brings it very close to O. semilata, but the characters of the rosette and stem leaves are those of O. lata rather than O. semilata. OENOTHERA GIGAs DeVries. See under O. Lamarckiana. Die Mutationstheorie. 1 : 192. pl. 2, colored; 13226. f. 60, flowering shoot; 1: 228. 7. 62, rosette leaf; 1: 229. j. 63, young rosette; 1: 230. /. 66, very young rosette; 1 ¢ 321. /. 101, fruits; 2 : 496. pl. 3, colored. Larger than the other mutants in nearly all its parts. Rosettes of very large, crinkled leaves, very variable in shape but usually very broad, sometimes nearly orbicular, sharply narrowed to petiole and much crinkled. Internodes and cap- sules shorter and thicker than in O. Lamarckiana. Bud cone and hypanthium thicker, petals broader. O. gigas nanella is a dwarf sub-type of O. gigas. OENOTHERA NANELLA DeVries. See under O. Lamarckiana. Die Mutationstheorie. 1: 165. f. 45, whole plants; 1: 256. f. 77, flowering shoot; 1: 257. 7. 78, very young rosette; 1: 260. /. 79, young rosettes; 1: 267. f. 80, buds on stem tip; 23240. pl. 1, colored; 2 : 496. pl. 3, colored. Rosette leaves variable in shape, small, usually broad and very obtuse, not much crinkled, sessile or with very short petioles, forming a compact rosette. Internodes very short, so that the plant usually reaches a height of only 10 to 20 cm. Flowers almost full size. OENOTHERA LAEVIFOLIA DeVries. Die Mutationstheorie. 13218. /. 56, flowering shoot; 1: 221. 7. 59, small flowers. Rosette leaves more narrowly lanceolate than in O. La- -marckiana, of uniform width for the greater part of their SOME SEGREGATES OF OENOTHERA. 135 length, usually smooth and free from crinkling. Stem leaves smooth, standing out rather straight from the stem, narrow and more or less furrow-shaped. Buds may be greenish, or with a red color pattern as in O. rubrinervis. OENOTHERA BREVISTYLIS DeVries. Die Mutationstheorie. 2 : 430. /. 80, flower; 22 431. 7. 81, flowers; 23431. j. 82, parts of flowers; 2: 434. 7. 84, whole plant; 2 3434. 7. 85, fruits. Rosette leaves rather broader than in O. Lamarckiana, with very broad, obtuse, rounded tips. Bracts of terminal rosettes broader and more rounded at tip than in O. La- marckiana. Style very short, usually not projecting above the calyx tube. Sepal tips very short. Buds may have a red color pattern, as in O. rubrinervis. OENOTHERA OBLONGA DeVries. See under O. Lamarckiana. Die Mutationstheorie. 1: 163. 7. 64, flower- ing shoot; 13200. /. 50, whole plant; 1:239. f. 71, flowering stem; 1:244. f. 74, young rosette: 13321. f. 100, fruits; 13384. pl. 6, colored. Rosette leaves smaller than in O. Lamarckiana, oblong with rounded tip, much crinkled, with a long, broad, unmar- gined petiole. In my cultures, O. oblonga has appeared at various times, especially from crosses, but I have never been able to rear it beyond the rosette stage. OENOTHERA ALBIDA DeVries. See under O. Lamarckiana. Die Mutationstheorie. 1: 192. pl. 8, colored ; 1:248. f. 75, 76, young rosettes; 1 2 320. 7. 99, fruits. Rosette leaves whitish. Young rosette otherwise very much as in O. oblonga. Capsules small, with few seeds. Flowers pale yellow. Stems somewhat zigzag and very brittle. OENOTHERA LEPTOCARPA DeVries. Only distinguishable in the adult stage from O. Lamarck- jana, from which it differs in beginning to bloom later in the season, and in having few branches. The leaves are like those of 0. Lamarckiana, but closely clothe the stem. The capsules are long and thin. 136 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. OENOTHERA SEMILATA DeVries. Taller than O. lata. Bud cones less thick than O. lata; inflorescence looser and longer; leaves smaller and _ less rounded at the point. Produces pollen, but less than O. Lamarckiana. OENOTHERA SCINTILLANS DeVries. Die Mutationstheorie. 1:171. 7. 47, flowering shoot; 13272. 7. 81, 82, rosettes; 13321. /. 100, fruits; 1384. pl. 5, colored; 23 496. pl. 3, colored. Seedling leaves broadest in the middle, small with broad petiole and midvein, very smooth and glossy, dark green. Leaves small, green, smooth, with broad midvein, whitish. The bud-bearing portion of the stalk above the flowers is longer than in other forms. The capsules are short and thick, half normal size or less; seeds small; fruits smooth. OENOTHERA ELLIPTICA DeVries. Die Mutationstheorie. 1 : 281. 7. 83, shoot, rosette and rosette leaf; 1 : 282. j. 84, flower natural size. Seedling leaves broadest in the middle, very long with long petiole. Stem short and weak. Leaves very small, lanceolate, long and narrow, often ten times longer than broad. Capsules long and thin. Petals elliptical. OENOTHERA SUBLINEARIS DeVries. Die Mutationstheorie. 1 : 285. /. 85, whole plants; /. 86, rosette leaf; /. 87, petals. Seedling leaves of equal breadth throughout the greater part of their length, whitish, little crinkled, scarcely narrowed at the stem, nearly grass-like. Strongly branched (less than one metre high), branches standing out stiffly, mostly very weak. Leaves very small, nearly linear. Capsules long and thin. Petals elliptical. One other form, whose position is doubtful, may be in- cluded in this list. SOME SEGREGATES OF OENOTHERA. 137 OENOTHERA AMMOPHILA Focke. Briefly described in Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen. 18+ 182-186. 1906. From the coast near Bremen, Germany. Rosette leaves small, long, narrowed into a petiole, both sides thickly clothed with appressed hairs. The rosette re- mains after the stem is formed in the second year. Stems 5-1 m. high. Stem and capsules covered with short, club- shaped (?) hairs. Also scattered long pointed hairs which arise from reddish protuberances. ‘These are evidently the same two types of hairs found in O. Lamarckiana and its derivatives and in O. biennis. The petals are similar to those of O.biennis but smaller, slightly crenate. It is like O. mu- ricata in having petiolate rosette leaves and small stem leaves, in its pubescence and the crenate petals; but it differs in having large flowers and longer sepals. It also re- sembles O. muricata in that the rosette of the previous year remains after the stem is formed in the second year. The cultures of MacDougal (Carnegie Pub. no. 81. 1907) have shown that O. ammophila may produce bud reversions to O. biennis, which makes it probable that O. ammophila is a hybrid between O. biennis and some otherform. The leaves are smaller and narrower than in O. biennis. August 18, 1909. THE MISSOURI SAXIFRAGES, BY B. F. BUSH. The genus Micranthes of eastern North America, which has generally been referred to the genus Sazifraga, is repre- sented by some twenty species, mostly plants of alpine heights and mountainous regions, and therefore not likely to be found in the low altitude of the States of the Mississippi Valley, only the two lowland species reaching our northeast- ern borders. A species of the Southwest, but little known, native of sandy woods and bottoms and rocky barrens, has been ascertained to reach our southwestern borders, where it is native of the cherty rocky barrens. Through the | kindness of Professor Trelease, I have been permitted to examine all of the Missouri material of this genus, and also some specimens from elsewhere, and after a careful study of this material, I make for the Missouri species the following arrangement: Acaulescent, the principal leaves in a basal rosette; scapes naked be- low the inflorescence, minutely bracted above. Sepals reflexed; plants large, 3-10 dm. tall; leaves denticulate or entire. Micranthes pennsylvanica. Sepals erect; plants low, 5-45 cm. tall; leaves dentate. Petals oblong, twice or thrice as long as wide, much longer than the sepals; pedicels slender, glandular-pubescent. Micranthes virginiensis. Petals obovate, one to one and one-half times as long as wide, a little longer than the sepals; pedicels stout, glabrous. Micranthes texana. MICRANTHES PENNSYLVANICA (L.) Haw. Saxifr. Enum. 45. 1821. Saxifraga pennsylvanica L. Sp. Pl. 399. 1753. Saxijraga Forbesit Vasey, Am. Entom, & Bot. 2 : 288. 1870, based on specimens collected by Forbes at Makanda, Illinois, is said to differ in having thinner leaves, which are pilose beneath, and to it all the Missouri specimens have been referred. I have been unable to separate this from M. pennsylvanica, as I find the thickness of the leaves and pubescence very variable. If, however, the species must be maintained, Sazxifraga Forbesiit Vasey, should be written. Micranthes Forbesii (Vasey) new comb. (138) THE MISSOURI SAXIFRAGES. 139 A species of low meadows and swamps, ranging from Ont. to Minn. and Me. southward to Ga. and Ala. and on rocky bluffs to Ia., Ill. and Mo. Specimens examined: MissouRt: Allenton, Letterman, June 15, 1875, under shady rocks; Letterman, April 1880, on wet sandy rocks: Jefferson County, Eggert, May 11, 1887, sandy rocks opposite Pacific; Eggert, May 8, 1896, sandy rocks opposite Pacific; Silica, Jefferson County, Russell, May 5, 1898, wet shaded sandstone cliffs; Saint Louis County, Letterman, June 20, 1884: Letterman, April 15, 1880; Eggert, July, 1880, on shady sandstone; Engelmann, raised in garden in 1876 and 1877, probably from seeds collected by Letterman in 1875. ILLINOIS: Makanda, C. F. Baker 6168, May 5, 1900, on moist cliffs (type station of Saxijraga Forbesii Vasey, but with the leaves nearly glab- rous, instead of pilose beneath as described in Gray’s Man- ual): Wady Petra, V. W. Chase, May 12, 1897, on wet prairie; Cook County, W. W. Babcock, May, 1869. Iowa: Iowa City, Hitchcock, no date; Johnson County, T. J. Fite- patrick, May 11, 1899. MICRANTHES VIRGINIENSIS (L.) Small, Fl. S. U. 8. 502. 1903. Sazifraga virginiensis Michx. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 569. 1803. A species of dry rocky woodlands and hillsides, from Ont. to Minn., and N. B. south to Va., Ga., Ala., Tenn., Ill. and Mo. Specimens examined: Missourt: Silica, Jefferson Coun- ty, Eggert, April 14, 1887, on sand rocks; Eggert, May 20, 1887, on sand rocks; Eggert, April 18, 1896, sandy rocks; Trelease, April 2, 1899; Russell, May 5, 1898, sandstone cliffs, thus, there being but one known locality for this species in the state. MICRANTHES TEXANA (Buckley) Small, 1. c. 501. 1903. Sazijraga tecana Buckley, Proc. Acad. Phila. 18613455. 1862. Scapes from a cluster of tuberous roots, 5-15 cm. tall, sparingly short-branched above, nearly glabrous. Leaf blades 1-3 cm. long, ovate to ovate-oblong, thickish, obtuse, entire or crenate-serrate; branches of the inflorescence short, 140 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. the cymules congested ; sepals oblong to ovate, slightly shorter than the hypanthium; corolla white or often pink or rose- colored, 4-5 mm. broad; petals nearly equal, 2-3 mm. long, obovate, but little exceeding the sepals; filaments subulate; follicles united at base, 3-4 mm. high, slightly longer than the sepals, the style-beaks not diverging.—Sandy woods and bottoms and in rocky barrens, Missouri to Texas. Resembles M. virginiensis, but is more or less glabrous, at least the inflorescence, and is lower. Specimens examined: Mrssourt: Graydon Springs, Greene County, Standley 1, May 7, 1905, rocky barrens;. Reding’s Mill, Bush and Palmer 5475, April 8, 1909, on the Grand Falls Chert barrens, in company with Portulaca pi-— losa, Sedum Torreyi, Sedum pulchellum, Alsinopsis patula, Ta- linum parviflorum, Talinum calycinum, Lathyrus pusillus and Cheilanthes lanosa. Texas: Terrell to Elmo, Reverchon 3729, April 6, 1903, in damp sandy soil: Between French- town and Dallas, Reverchon, 287, very rare, in black sandy land: Brazos County, H. Ness 1994, March 10, 1900, in sandy land: No locality or date, Reverchon: Groesbeck, Joor 87, February 27, 1887. LIBRARY CONTRIBUTIONS. A LIST OF BOOKS AND PAPERS PUBLISHED FROM THE MIS- SOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN OR BY ITS EMPLOYEES, OR BASED CHIEFLY ON WORK DONE BY AID OF THE FACILITIES OF THE GARDEN, FROM JANUARY, 1904, TO DECEMBER, 1908, INCLUSIVE.* BY LAURA BROWN. 364. Balthis, F. K. Amorphophallus Rivieri. Horticulture. 1:497. 1905. Edelweiss. Floral Life. 8:5. jf. 1905. Poinsettia. (Euphorbia pulcherrima). Horticul- ture. 1:413. 1905. 367. Berger, A. A systematic revision of the genus Cereus Mill. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 57-86. pl.1-12. 1905. 368. Bessey, E. A. The Florida strangling figs. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 25-33. pl. 1-9. 1908. 369. Blankinship, J. W. Plantae Lindheimerianae. Part III. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 123-223. 1907. 270. Bush, B. F. The genus Othake. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. 14: 171-180. 1904. 360. 366. Bias The Texas Tradescantias. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. 14: 181-1938. 1904. 372. The North American species of Fuirena. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 87-99. 1905. 373. Two new Texas Tradescantias. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 100-101. 1905. 374. Some new Texas plants. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17:119-125. 1906. Bush, B. F.—Sce K. K. MACKENZIE. 375. Conard, H. S. and H. Hus. Waterlilies and how to grow them. New York. 1907. * Supplementary to lists in Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard, 8 3 221-236, 10 : 85-90, 15 : 87-97.—Nos. 243, 244, and 511-513 inclusive as publications from the Henry Shaw School of Botany. (141) 142 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Coulter, S. M.—See No. 510. Cunningham, A. D.—See R. J. Lackianp, Report of the 376. officers of the Board. Drummond, J. R. The literature of Furcraea with a synopsis of the known species. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18 : 25-75. pl. 1-14. 1907. Fulks, E.B.—See von Scurenk, H., E. B. Fuuxs and 377. 378. 379. 380. A. L. KAMMERER. Glatfelter, N. M. Preliminary list of higher fungi collected in the vicinity of St. Louis, Mo., from 1898- 1905. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. 16: 33-94. 1906. Griffiths, D. Illustrated studies in the genus Opun- tia.—I. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19 : 259-272. pl. 21-28. 1908. Harris, J. A. Apparently imparipinnate leaves in Cassia. Pl. World. 9: 139-142. f. 20. 1906. —— Ascidia in Gasteria and Agave. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 126-132. f. 1-6. 1906. . —— Biological Society of St. Louis. Science. n. s. 20: 241-244, 1904. . —— The experimental data of the mutation theory. Monist. 16 : 254-293. 1906. . —— The fruit of Opuntia. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 32: 531-536. 1905. . —— Heredity. Bull. Washington Univ. Assoc. 6 : 58- 79. 1908. . —— The importance of investigations of seedling stages. Science. n. s. 22: 184-186. 1905. . —— The influence of the Apidae upon the geographical distribution of certain floral types. Canadian Ento- mologist. 37 : 353-357, 373-380, 393-398. 1905. . — New fasciations. Torreya. 5 : 157-160. 1905. . —— A new theory of the origin of species. Open Court. 18 : 193-202. 1904. . —— The origin of species by mutation. Monist. 14: - 641-671. 1904. . —— Prolification of the fruit in Capsicum and Passi- flora. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 133-145. f. 1-3. 1906. . PUBLICATIONS OF GARDEN. 143 391. —— Syncarpy in Martynia lutea. Torreya. 6 : 25-28. Foks, 1a000, | 392. —— [Reviews of current literature]. Bot. Centralblatt ; Bot. Gazette; Amer. Naturalist. 1904-1907. 393. —— [Secretary’s abstracts of proceedings of the Aca- demy of Science of St. Louis]. Science. 1907. Harris, J. A. See nos. 243, 244, 512 and 513. 394, Hedgeock, G. G. The crown-gall and _hairy-root diseases of the apple tree. Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Pl. Ind. 90: 15-17. pl 3-5. 1906. - 3995, —— The crown-gall disease of the grape vine. Bull. N. M. Agr. Exp. Sta. 58 : 30-31. 1906. 396. —— A disease of cauliflower and cabbage caused by Sclerotinia. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 149-151. pl. 32- 84. 1905. 397, —— A disease of cultivated Agaves due to Colletotri- chum. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 153-156. pl. 35-37. 1905. 398, —— Anote onRhizoctonia. Science. n.s. 19: 268. 1904. 399. —— Proof of the identity of Phoma and Phyllosticta on the sugar beet. Journ. Mycology. 10: 2-3. 1904. 400. —— Some of the results of three years’ experimenta- tion with crown gall. National Nurseryman. 13: 129. 1905. 401. Some of the results of three years’ experiments with crown gall. Science. n. s. 22: 120-122. 1905. 402. —— Some wood staining fungi from various localities in the United States. Journ. Mycology. 12 : 204-210. 1906. 403. —— Studies upon some chromogenic fungi which dis- color wood. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 59-114. pl. 3-12. 1906. 404. —— Zonation in artificial cultures of Cephalothecium and other fungi. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 115-117. pl. 13-16. 1906. 405. —— [Mycological abstracts]. Botanisches Centralblatt. 1904-1907. Hedgecock, G. @.—Sce von Scurenk, H. and G. G. HEpDG- COCK. 144 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. 406. Hedgeock, G. G. and P. Spaulding. A new method of mounting fungi grown in cultures for the herbarium. Journ. Mycology. 12: 147. 1906. 407. Hitchcock, A. S. The identification of Walter’s grasses. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 31-56. 1905. 408. Hus, H. An abnormal Odontoglossum Cervantesii. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18 : 95-97. pl. 9. 1907. 409. —— An ecological cross section of the Mississippi river in the region of St. Louis, Missouri. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 127-258. pl. 10-20. 1908. Fasciation in Oxalis crenata and experimental pro- duction of fasciations. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 147— 152. pl. 17-19. 1906. 411. —— Fasciations of known causation. Amer. Nat. 42:81-97. f. 1-2. 1908. 412. —— The germination of Hydrastis canadensis. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18 : 85-94. pl. 8. 1907. 413. —— How to make a water-lily pond. Garden Mag- azine. 6: 285-287. 1908. 414. —— Hugo de Vries. Open Court. 20:713-725. 1906. 415. —— Influence of man on the form of plants. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. 15 : xxx-xxxi. 1905. 416. —— Over Sepalodie van de Kroonbladen van Oeno- thera-soorten. Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea. 18 : 1-44. pl. 1-16. 1907. 417. —— Virescence of Oxalis stricta. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 99-108. pl. 10-11. f. 1-4. 1907. 418. —— [Abstracts]. Bot. Centralblatt. 1905-1907. 419. —-— [Reviews]. Amer. Nat. 1906-07. Hus, H, — See Conard, H. S. and H. Hus. 420. Irish, H. C. Foliage plants at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Florists’ Exchange. 18 : 146. fj. 1904. 421. —— Hardy shrubs. Ann. Rept. Mo. Hort. Soc. 47: 76-77. 1904. 422. —— The home grounds. Trans. Ill. Hort. Soc. 41: 489-496. 1907. 423. —— On ornamentals. Ann. Rept. Mo. Hort. Soc. 48: 349-350. 1905. 410. PUBLICATIONS OF GARDEN. 145 424. —— [Secretary’s abstracts of proceedings of the Nation- al Council of Horticulture]. 1905-1908. In several horticultural journals. 425. Jones, S.C. American Apple Growers. Farm, Field and Fireside. Sept. 1, 1906. 426. —— Apple Growers’ Congress. Farm, Field and Fire- side. Sept. 8, 1906. 427. —— Field growing of Narcissus. Amer. Florist. 27: 125-128. 1906. 428, —— Flowers that thrive. Farm, Field and Fireside. May 12, 1906. 429, —— Hardy Japanese fruit. Farm, Field and Fireside. July 8, 1905. 430. —— Porch vines. Farm, Field and Fireside. March 31, 1906. 431. —— The strawberry field. Farm, Field and Fireside. June 10, 1905. 432. ——A tub water garden. Farm, Field and Fireside. July, 1906. 433. —— Weekly notes on the World’s Fair. Farm, Field and Fireside. 1904. Kammerer, A. L.—See voN Scurenk, H., E. B. FuiKs and A. L. KAMMERER. 434, Lackland, R. J. Report of the officers of the Board. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15:7-12. 1904. 16: 7-12. 1905. 17:7-27. 1906. 18:7-10. 1907. 19: 7-10. 1908. 435. Life, A.C. An abnormal Ambrosia. Bot. Gaz. 38: 383-384. jf. 1-3. 1904. | 436. —— Effect of light upon the germination of spores and the gametophyte of ferns. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 109-122. jf. 1-2. 1907. Life, A. C.—See no. 511. 437, Livingston, B. E. Evaporation and centers of plant distribution. Plant World. 11:106—112. 1908. 438. —— Evaporation and plant habitats. Plant World. 11:1-9. 1908. 439. —— Relative transpiration in cacti. Plant World. 10:110-114. j. 19. 1907. 10 146 440. 441. 442, 443. 444, 445. 446. 447, 448. Peck 449, 450. 451. 452. 453. 454. 456. 457. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Lyon, H. L. The embryogeny of Ginkgo. Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 275-283. pl. 29-43. 1904. McClure, G. E. Aquatics at the World’s Fair. Amer. Gard. 25 : 635-636. 1904. —— The French garden at the World’s Fair. Amer. Gard. 25 : 683-684. 1904. —— Garden and landscape features at the St. Louis World’s Fair. Amer. Gard. 25 : 475-476. 1904. —— In the gardens at St. Louis. Amer. Gard. 25: 523-524. 1904. —— The Japanese garden at the World’s Fair. Amer. Gard. 25: 571-572. 1904. —— Noteworthy plant exhibits at the St. Louis Con- vention. Amer. Gard. 25: 558. 1904. — Orchid collection, Missouri Botanical Garden. Amer. Flor.17: 790. 4 ff. 1904. Mackenzie, K. K. and B. F. Bush. New plants from Missouri. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 102-108. 1905. , C. H.—See Saccarpo, P. A., C. H. Peck and W. TRELEASE. Pring, G. H. Coryanthes maculata. Amer. Florist. 30: 326. ff. 1908. — Cultivation of orchids. Weekly Florists’ Review. Dec. 20, 1906. —— Vanda Sanderiana. Florists’ Exchange. 23 : 454— 455. jf. 1907. Saceardo, P. A., C. H. Peck and W. Trelease. The fungi of Alaska. Harriman Alaska Expedition. 5 : 13— 64. pl. 2-7. 1904. : Sargent, C. S. Crataegus in Missouri. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19 : 35-126. 1908. von Sechrenk, H. Branch cankers of Rhododendron, Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 77-80. pl. 5-6. 1907. —— Constriction of twigs by the bag worm and inci- dent evidence of growth pressure. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 153-181. 7. 1-3. pl. 20-26. Diagr. 1-2. 1906. ; — Creosote plants will treat two million Frisco ties this year. The Frisco-man. 1: 7-11. 5 ff. Nov. 1907. 458. 459. 460. 461. 462. 463. 464. 465. 466. 467. 468. 469. 470. 471. 472. 473. PUBLICATIONS OF GARDEN. 147 — Cross-tie forms and rail fastenings with special reference to treated timbers. Bull. U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bur. Forest. 50 :1—70. f. 1-71. pl. 1-6. 1904. —— Disease of sycamore trees. Plant World. 10: 265. 1907. — A general consideration of timber under conditions of modern demand and growth. O. 46 pp. Boston. 1907. —— Glassy fir. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16 : 117-120. pl. 20-21. 1905. ———Intumescences formed as a result of chemical stimulation. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 125-148. pl. 25-31. 1905. —— On frost injuries to sycamore buds. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 81-83. pl. 7. 1907. —— On the occurrence of Peronospora parasitica on cauliflower. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16:121—-124. pl. 22-24. 1905. — Recent progress in timber preservation. Ann. Rep. Indiana State Board Forestry. 4:64-78. f. 46—- 48. 1904. | —— Recent progress in timber preservation. Yearbook U. S. Dept. Agr. 1908 : 427-440. pl. 53-55. 1904. —— Report of committee Q on standard specifications for the grading of structural timber. Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mater. 5:1-3. 1905. — Report on the condition of treated timbers laid in Texas, February, 1902. Bull. U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Forest. 51 :1-45. pl. 1-2. 1904. Sap-rot and other diseases of the red gum. Bull. U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Pl. Ind. 114 :1-37. pl. 1-8. 1907. —— Seasoning of timber. Bull. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Forest. 41:1-48. pl. 1-18. 1903. | — Some phases of the modern use of lumber. St. Louis Lumberman. 1907. —— Tupelo. Southern Lumberman. 51:41-43. 7. Dec., 1907. — Die Wurzelbildung der Loblolly-Kiefer [Pinus taeda]. Naturw. Zeitschr. Land-u. Forstw. 3: 431-433. pl. 1905. 148 474, 475. 476. 477. 478. 479. 480. 481. 482. 483. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. von Schrenk, H. and G. G. Hedgcock. Crown-gall and hairy-root diseases of the apple tree. Ann. Rept. Mo. Hort. Soc. 49 : 252-253. 1906. —— The wrapping of apple grafts and its relation to the crown-gall disease. U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 100 : 13-20. 1907. . von Schrenk, H., KE. B. Fulks and A. L. Kammerer. Changes which take place in coal-tar creosote during exposure. Bull. Amer. Railway Engineering and Main- tenance of Way Assoc. 93 : 1-27. 1907. Spaulding, P. A biographical history of botany at St. Louis, Missouri. Pop. Sci. Monthly. 73 : 488-499. j. 1-2. 1908;74 : 48-57, 124-133, 240-258. f. 3-19. 1909. —— A blight disease of young conifers. Science. n. s. 26:220. 1907. — A disease of black oaks caused by Polyporus ob- tusus Berk. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 109-116. pl. 13-19. 1905. — Heart rot of Sassafras sassafras caused by Fomes ribis. Science. n. s. 26:479. 1907. —— Studies on the lignin and cellulose of wood. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 17: 41-58. pl. 1-2. 1906. —— Two fungi growing in holes made by wood-boring insects. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15: 73-77. pl. 25-27. . 1904. —— [Mycological abstracts]. Botanisches Centralblatt. 1904-1907. Spaulding, P. — Ser Hepacock, G. G. AND P. SPAULDING. 484, 485. 486. 487. 488. Thompson, C. H. Agaves at Missouri Botanical Gar- den. Florists’ Exchange. 18: 262. 2 ff. 1904. —— Cacti at Missouri Botanical Garden. Florists’ Exchange. 18:16. 2 ff. 1904. —— Succulent plants. Amer. Florist. 80: 384-385. ff. 1908. Trelease, W. Aberrant veil remnants in some edible agarics. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15 : 83-85. pl. 30-39. 1904. —— Additions to the genus Yucca. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18 : 225-230. pl. 12-17. 1907. 489. 490. 491. 492. 493. 494. 495. 496. 497. 498. 499. 500. 501. 502. 503. 504. PUBLICATIONS OF GARDEN, 149 —— Address before the Central Botanists. Science.. n. 8. 23:97-100. 1906. —— Agave macroacantha and allied Euagaves. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18 : 231-256. pl. 18-34. 1907. —— Agave rigida—Furcraea rigida—Agaveangustifolia. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 273-287. pl. 29-35. 1908. —— Alaskan species of Sphagnum. Harriman Alaska Expedition. 5 : 331-337. 1904. —— The American Society of Naturalists. What aca- demic degrees should be conferred for scientific work. Science. n. s. 19: 809-810. 1904. —— Annual report of the director. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15 : 13-37. 1904. 16: 13-30. 1905. 17:28—40. 1906. 18:11-24. 1907. 19:11-23. 1908. —— Botanical Society of America. Science. n. s. 23: 221-222. 1906. —— Carl von Linné. Horticulture. 5:681. Portrait. 1907. —— The century plant and some other plants of the dry country. Pop. Sci. Monthly. 70: 207-228. 7. 1-22. 1907. —— Cooperation in biological research. Science. n. s. 27 : 373-375. 1908. —— Cryptogamic botany of Alaska, introduction. Har- riman Alaska Expedition. 5:1-9. 1904. An ecologically aberrant Begonia. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15: 79-81. pl. 28-29. 1904. —— The ferns and fern allies of Alaska. Harriman Alaska Expedition. 5 : 375-398. pl. 44. 1904. —— Illustrations of a “strangling” fig tree. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 161-165. pl. 89-45. 1905. — A list of books and papers published from the Missouri Botanical Garden or by its employees, or based chiefly on work done by aid of the facili- ties of the Garden, from January, 1899, to Decem- ber, 1903, inclusive. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15 : 87-97.. 1904. —— The Missouri Botanical Garden. School Sci. and! Math. 8: 98-103. 2 pl. 1908. 509. MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. . — A supplementary list of serial publications re- ceived at the library of the Missouri Botanical Garden. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15: 98-129. 1904. . ——Variegation in the Agaveae. Wiesner Festschrift. 332-356. pl. 6-12. 1908. _ — Yuceas at the Missouri Botanical Garden. Florists’ Exchange. 18:146. 2 ff. 1904. . —[Abstracts in North American phanerogamic botany]. Botanisches Centralblatt. 1904-1908. —— [Botanical notes and reviews]. American Nat- uralist. 1904-1907. Trelease, W.—See P. A. Saccarpo, C. H. Prck and W. TRELEASE. Contributions from the Shaw School of Botany, 20-25:— 243. 244. 510. 511. 512. 513. 20. Harris, J. A. Polygamy and_ certain floral abnormalities in Solanum. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. 13: 185-202. ff. 1903. 21. Harris, J. A. The germination of Pachira with a note on the names of two species. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis. 13 : 203-209. pl. 9-11. 1903. 22. Coulter, S. M. Anecological comparison of some typical swamp areas. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 15 : 39-71. pl. 1-24. 1904. 23. Life, A. C. Vegetative structure of Mesogloia. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 157-160. pl. 38. 1905. . 24. Harris, J. A. The dehiscence of anthers by api- cal pores. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 167-257. 1905. 25. Harris, J. A. The anomalous anther structure of Dicorynia, Duparquetia and Strumpfia. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 38 : 223-228. 1906. CONTRIBUTORS, VOLUMES 11-20. Berger, A. 16:5, 57 Bessey, E. A. 19:5, 25. 20:3 Blankinship, J. W. 18:5, 123. 19:3 Brown, L. 20:5, 141 Bush, B. F. 16:5, 87, 100. 17:5, 119. 20:5, 138 Coulter, S. M. 15:5, 39. 16:3 Cunningham, A. D. 11-20:7 Drummond, J. R. 18:5, 25 Ferguson, A. M. 12:3, 5, 33 Gates, R. R. 20:5, 123 Griffiths, D. 19:5, 259. 20:5, 81 Harris, J. A. 16:5, 167. 17:5, 126, 133. 20:5, 97, 105, 116 Hedgecock, G. G 16:5, 149, 153. i705, 59, 115, 2826 Hitchcock, A. S. 16:5, 31. Hogan, C. J. 20:5, 152 Hus, H. 17:5, 147. 18:5, 85, 95, 99. 19:5, 127 Hutchings, C. E. 1.23 14:3, 5, 233 Irish, H. Cy. 133 bjgel Lackland, R, J. Life, A. C. 16:5, 157. 11-20 : 7 18:5, 109 Mackenzie, K. K., and B. F. Bush. 16:5, 102 Norton, J. B. S. 11:3, 5, 85 Rehder, A. 14:3, 5, 27. 15:3 Rose, J. Noe ree 9 Sargent, C. S. 19:5, 35, von Schrenk, H. 1138, 5, 28. 12:3, 5, 21. 1635, 117, 121, 125, 17 35,163... 18:36). 47,81 Smith, J. G. 11+ 3)95, 245 Spaulding, P. 15:5, 73. 109. 17:5, 41. 18:8 16:5, Toumey,:J. W. 12:3, 5, 75 Trelease, W. 11:12. 12:3, 5, 12, 79. 18:5, 18, 27. 14:12. 15:5, 13, 79, 88, 80, 98. 162 D211 39461, 17:28. 3835, 11, 225, 281. 19% 5, P1273. - 20: Bt Widmann, O. 20:5, 41 (151) INDEXES, VOLUMES 11-20. General Index. Abrams, L. 17:35 Academy of Science 11-20: 2. 18 : 23 Accounts 11:9. 12: 8-10. 13: 10- 12. 14:9-11. 15:10-12. 16: 10- 12. 17: 25-27. 18: 8-10. 19: 9-10. 20 : 9-10 Administration policy 17 : 23 Aehle, E. F. 20: 123 Agarics 15 : 83 Alleman, G. 11:25 ‘Allen, G. B. 17:8 Aloes 12: 12 Alt, A. 16-18 :2 Amazon lily 17:15 American Philosophical Society 18 : 23 Ammann, J. F. 11:19. Anthers 16 : 167 Apple 17. pl. 23. f. 8 Aralia 13:7 Arbor-vitae swamp 15. pl. 7 Arboretum Il. frontispiece Ascidia 17: 133 Ashby, Winifred 17: 38 Asters 17:28 Atwill, E. W. 17:40 20:39 Bag worm 17:153. pl. 21, 22, 28, 24 Bailey, L. H. 12:18 Baird, S. F. 17:8 Bald cypress 17. pl. 24. f. 8 Banquet to gardeners 11:19. 12:18. 18:24, 25. 14:23, 15 : 37. 16 : 28. 17:11, 40. 18:23. 19:23. 20:39 Banquet to trustees 11:19. 12:18. 18:24, 25. 14:23. 15: 37. 16:28. 17:11. 18:23. 19: 22. 20:39 Barnes, P. T. 18:125-127. 13:16 Baskett, J. N. 11:20 Battandier, J. 14:34 Bay, J. C. 20:28 Bean, T. H. 14:23. (152) 15:37 Beans (For full index see 12:156- 165) : Beissner, L. 14:34 Beneke, J. J. 12:19 Berlin Botanical Garden 17 : 34 Bermuda marsh 15. pl. 21, 22 Bernhardi herbarium 11: 16. 12:15. 18:21. 14:18. 15:14, 26, 27. 16:19, 20. 17:20, 34. 18:19. 19:17. 20:24, 25 Bibliotheca Riviniana. 20 : 28 Birds 20: 28, 41 Birge, E, A. 14:23 Birge, J. C. 22:2 19 Bishop of Missouri 11-20: 2 Blackbird, red-winged 20:54 Blair, A. 14:23 Blanchard, F. 11:15 Blanchard herbarium 11:15 Blankinship, J. W. 18: 22. 19:19, 22. Blue Jay 20:51 Bob White 20: 42 Branch, J. W. 11-13: 2. 17:8, 9 Brazilian Commission 16 : 14 Britton, N. L. 15:21. 16:169 Broadhead, G. C. 14:18 Broadhead herbarium 15 : 26 Broadway, T. 19: 283 Bromeliad House 15: 13 Bromeliads 15:15. 17:18 Brunialti, A. 16:28 Bryce, J. 16:28 Building, library 20: 23, 38 Bunting, indigo 20: 66 Burrill, T. J. 18: 24 Burton, L. 17:39 Bush, B. F. 19: 38 Butler, J. D. 16:29 15:2, 7 Cabbage 16:121, 149 Cabuya 18 : 32, 36 Cacti 17:18 Californian Commission 16:14 Cankers 18:77. pl. 5, 6 GENERAL INDEX. Cannas 20:13 Caraguata 18: 33, 37 Cardinal 20: 64 Cash statement 11:9. 12: 8-10. 13:10-12. 14:9-11. 15:10-12. 16:10-12. 17:25-27. 18: 8-10. 19:9-10. 20:9-10, 36-38 Catbird 20:71 Cat-tails 18: 11 Cauliflower 16: 121, 122, 125, 126, 134, 149. Dl. 22-34 Cedar, Deodar 17: 180. pl. 24. f. 5, 8 Cedar, pecky incense 11: pl. 2 Cedar waxwing 20:79 Cellulose 17:41. pl. 1, 2 Chancellor of Washington Uni- versity 11-20: 2 Chaplin, W. S. 11-15: 2. 298. 17:2, 9. 1832, 23. 19:2, 8, 9 Chapman, A. W. 11:15 Chapman herbarium 15:26, 27. 16:19, 20. 17:34. 18:19. 19:17. 20:25 Charities 11:13. 12:13. 17:29. 18:14. 19:12. 20:15 Chat, yellow-breasted 20:70 Chimney swift 20: 47 Chinese Commission 16:14 Chrysanthemums 16:13, 30, 17: 19, 28. 18:20. 19:16. 20:13, 15, #1, 22, 38 Chrysanthemum exhibition T1220. 47.208, 029s = 183: 12-14- 19:11, 12. 20:13, 19, 21 City residence 17:15. 19:22 Civic Improvement League 14: 24 Clark, Ellen C. 13: 26 Classes at garden 13: 26 (See also Course of study) Clinkaberry, H. 11:20 Collards 16:122 Collections, additions to (See Exchanges, Herbarium, Li- brary) Collier, M. D. 17:7, 9 Colman, N. J. 11:20. 19:23. 20:39 Correlation 20:97, 105, 116 Coste, P. F. 13:25 Coulter, J. M. 11:19. 15:40 Coulter, S. M. 18:26. 15:32. 16 : 26 Course of study. 12:19, 20. 14: 24. 15:34. 17:21, 38. 19:20. 20:33 Court decision 11: 8, 13 Cowbird 20: 52 Cowles, H. C. 15: 40 153 Craig, M. 19: 22 Crape myrtle 20:97 Crotons 12:11 Crow 20: 52 Cuban Commission 16:14 Cuckoo, black-billed 20: 45 Cuckoo, yellow-billed 20: 44 Cunningham, A. D. 11-16 : 2. 17:2, 8 18-20: 2 Cycads 17:28 .~ Cypress, bald 1%. pl. 24. f. 3 Cypress, pecky 11. pl. 1, 3-6 Cypress swamps 15. pl. 12 Dabney, C. W. 11:19 Dahlias 16:13. 17:28. 18:20 Dartmouth College 11:15 Davis, B. M. 16:160 Davis, lu; Cy. 7, hao. Decay in timber 14: 22. Dehiscence 16: 167 Deodar cedar 17:180. pl. 5, 8 Deusner, C. 12:17 Director 11:18, 19. 12:19. 13: 25. 15:31 24. ff. 15:26. 16:115. 17:18, 20-22, 27. 18:23. 19:21, 28. 20:31, 38, 39. Duties 15:13 Reports 11:12. 12:12. 13: 13. 14 :12. 15:13. 16 : 13. 17:28. 18-20:11 Diseases of planfs 12:21, 121. 14:22. 15:31. 16:109, 149, 153. 18:77. 19:22 Distribution of plants B13, 1S teas ob 18. 16 : 15. 17: 29. *19:12. 20:15 Dove, mourning 20: 43 Drake, G. S. 17:9 Dunford, J. W. 14:23 Dunlap, H. N. 18-19: 23 Durand, T. 16:169 Dutcher, C. H. 18:24 11:13. 15: 17, 18:14. Eames, Laura L. 17: 38 East Indian House 15: 35 Ecology 15:31 Eggert, H. 17:33 Eggert herbarium bo peen epee re bee Bliot; BC. al 33-19, 17:2, 9. 18-20:2 Eliot, H. W. 18-15: 2 Eliot, W. G. 17:7 Elmer, A. D. E. 17:33 17:38, 34. 20 : 25 15-16 : 2. 9 Bi ’ 4 154 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Engelmann, G. 11:85. 18: 14, 16, 17. 18:128, 124. 19:19 Herbarium 11:16. 12: 15, 33. 13:21, 14:18. 15:14, 26, 27. 16:20, 22, 34. 17:20, 84. 18:19. 19:16, 17, 19. 20:24, 25 Library 17:20. 20:26 Notes and sketches 11:17. 12:16. 20:28 Engelmann, G. J. 17:9. 18:123 Engelmann Botanical Club 13:26. 14:24 Engler, B. A. 11212:2. 18:2, 25 Episcopal Bishop of Missouri (See Bishop of Missouri) Erwin, A. T. 14:23 Exchange seed list 17:29. 18: rate 19:12. 20:14, 15 Exchanges 17: 23 Herbarium 11:15. 12:14, 15. 13:21. 15 : 26. 19 : 16, 20 : 24 Library 11:17. 12:16, 17. 13 : 22. 14:21. 15 : 28. 16 : 23. 17 : 36. 19:18. 20 : 28 Plant 11:13, 12:18. 13:18. 14:15. 15:15. 16:14. 17:23, 29. 18:14. 19:12. 20:15 Seed 12:18. 13:8. 14:15. 15:15, 16 : 15. 17 : 23. 18:14. 19:12. 20:15, 38 Experimental garden 18 : 12 Experiments (See Research) Exsiccatae 16:20, 21. 17 : 35. 19:17 Extension 17:16 Farlow, W. G. 11:25 Fasciation 17 : 147 Faweett, G. L. 19:33 Federer, W. A. 16:27. 18:22. 19:21 Fenneman 19:128 Ferns 18:109 Ferriss, J. H. 18:25 Field, E. P. 11:18 Fig, “strangling” 16. pl. 89-44 19: 25 Fink, B. 17:33 Fink herbarium 17:33. 19:16, 17 Finley, J. H. 11:19 Fir, glassy 16 :117. pl. 20 Fire 14:14. 15:21. 17:16. 20:14 Fletcher, J. 15:36 Flicker, northern 20: 46 Flood 20:7 Flower premiums (See Premiums) Flower sermon 11:19. 12:18, 13:24. 14:22. 15:36. 16:28. 17+ it, 3% 18 : 23. 19 : 22. 20: 39 Flower show 13:26. 14:24. 15: 37. 16:28, 29. 17311, 40. 18: 24, 19:23. 20:40 Flowering-stalk 20 :105 Fly catcher, crested 20: 49 Fly catcher, Traill’s 20:50 Foote, H. L. 13:24 Ford, A. E. 14:21 Francis, D. R. 12:19. 15336, 16: 28 Franklin bicentennial celebra- tion 18: 23 Frost injuries 18:81. pl. 7 Fruh, J. J. 11:25 Fullgraf, C. W. 12:17. 16:27 Fungi 15:73. 16:108. 17:59, 115 Fungus 16:121, 122, 149 Galt, S. P. 14:23. 15:36 Gandoger, M. 17:33 Gandoger herbarium 19:16 Garden pupils 11:18, 12:17. 13:24. 14:22, 15:33. 16:27. 17418. ' 3 18 ; 22. 19: 21. 20:32, 34, 35 Theses 20:28 Gardeners 13 ; 24, 25 (See Banquet to,) Garneau, H.C. 19:2. 20:2 Garrett, A. C. 13:18 Germination 18 : 85, 109. pl. 8 Gibb, J. 15:16 Gilbert, M. N. 11:19: Gillies, W. 15:33. 16:27 Gladiolus 16:13 Glatfelter, N. M. 16:30 Golden seal 18:85 Goldfinch, American 20:58 Goodman, L. A. 17:40. 19:23. 20:39 Grackle, bronzed 20:57 Graduate students’ theses 20: 28 Gray, A. 17:8 18:124, 136. 19:19 Green, J. 018:2. 14:2, 23. 15-16: 2. 17:2, 9. 18-20:2 Griffiths, D. 18:18 Grosbeak, rose-breasted 20:65 Gross, A. R. 18: 24 Guerry, W. A. 15:36 GENERAL INDEX. | Guilfoyle, W. R. 16: 168 Gurney, J. 15:8, 9, 35, 18:23 - Hail 14:14. 20:16 Hale, W. G. 18: 23 Hanbury, T. 17:34 ; Handbook 11:17. 12:16. 13:23. 14:21. 15:30. 16: 24, 25. 17 733. 20:19 Harkness, H. W. 11:25 Harper, R. M. 17:33 Harriman Alaska Expedition 11:18 Harciss: Je A. 13 ¢ 23. 14:21. 15:32, 38, 35. 16:22, 23, 26, 27. 20:36, 38 Harris, N. L. 16:27, 169. 18:22 Harrison, E. 15:2. 16:2 Harrison, J. A. 12-13:2 Harrison, L. 11:9 Harrod, B. M. 11: 25 Hartshorne, J. 11:19 Hawk, sparrow 20:76 Hedgecock, G. G. 18:22 Hedgecock herbarium 19: 16 Hedrick, E. R. 19:22 Heller, A. A. 17:33 Hemlock, 17. pl. 24. f. 6 Henequen 18: 32 Henry Shaw School of Botany (See School of Botany) Herbarium 11: 14-16. 12:14. 13 :20-22. 14:17-19. 15: 26-28. 16:19, 20. 17:3: 20,33,34. 18: 18, 19. 19:16, 17. 20: 23-26, 30 (See also Exchanges) Hitchcock, A. S. 18:126 Hitchcock, G. C. 15-16:2. 17:2, 9, 18-20: 2 Hitchcock, Henry. ees e-pda © Se Hogan, Cora, 20:36 Holmes, J. A. 14:23 Hopkins, I. S. 12:18 Horseshoe Lake 15. pl. 8, 9 Horticultural botany 15:31 Hospitals 13:18. 14:15. 15: 18. 19:12. 20:15 Houston, D. F. 19:2. Howard, L. O. 12:18 Hummel, W. 15:33. 16:27 Hummingbird, ruby - throated 20:78 Hus, H. 20:17, 32, 36 Hutchings, C. HE. 14:21. 11:2. 12:32, bar py iat 20:2 15:35 Improvements, garden 17: 13-16 Income 17:10 155 Inflorescence 20 : 105, 116 Instruction 17:21 (See also Course of study) International Botanical Congress in Vienna 17 : 37 International Congress of Arts and Science 16: 28 Intumescences 16:125. pl. 25, 26, 28 Investigation 11:18. 12:17. 13:23. 14:21. 15:31. 16: 25. 17: 22,37. 18:21. 19:19. 20: 29, 38. Iris 12:19 Irish, H. C. 142 21-23, 15:16, 35. 16:13. 17:40. 18:24 Irish, Mrs. M. H. D. 12: 154 Istle 18 : 33, 34 Ixtli 18 : 33 James, W. T. 15:16 Japanese Commission 16: 14 Jay, blue 20:51 Jermy herbarium 14:18. 15: 27. 16:20. 17:34. 18:19. 19:17. 20:25 Jesse, R. H. 18:23 Johnson, A. G 15:35. 16:19. 18 322 Johnson, A. J. 11:25 Johnson, C. W. 16:2 Johnson, J. B. 11:2. 12:2, 18. 13:2. 14:2. 15:2, 7, 8. 17:7, 9 Jones, H. M. 16: 27 Jones, S.C. 15:33. 19: ot Jordan, D. S. 15:36 Judson, FP. N. 13:25. 14: 23 Kaime, D. F. 11-16:2. 17:2, 8, 9. 18-20: 2 Kale 16 : 122 Karatas 18 : 33, 38 Kaumanns, N. 20:39 Kellogg, J. H. 19:38, 128 Kelsey, W. W. 18:23 Kent, H. T. 17: 40 Keratto 18 : 33 Kesselring, J. 14:34 Kessler, G. E. 15:37 Kew Gardens 17: 34 Kingbird 20: 48 Kingfisher, belted 20: 76 Kinsolving, G. H. 14:22 Koehne, E. 14:34 Kreismann, F. H. 20:2 Krieger’s Saxon Fungi 15: 26 Kurtz, F. 16 :168 156 Labeling 15:25. 17:18 Laboratories 12: 20. 14: 22, 15:31, 32. 16:25. 20:22, 23 Lackland, R. J. 11-16:2. 17:2, 8, 9. 18-20: 2 Lake flora 19. pl. 20 Land, sale of 11:8, 13. 12:13. 18: 7. 14: 7. 15:9. 16:7. 17:24. 18:7. 19:7. 20:7 Lantanas 20:13 Leasing land 11:7. 18:7. 14:7. 20-40. 29011, .-28%.7, 18:7. 20:7 Leconte, Insect Sketches 20: 28 Lectures (See Course of study) Lehmann, F. W. 18: 23 Leming, M. E. 11:25 Letterman, G. W. 19:38 Library 11:16. 12:16. 13:22, 238. 14:19, 20. 15:28. 16:22, 23. 17: 20, 35, 36. 18: 20. 19:17, 18. 20:8, 26-28, 30 (See also Exchanges) Library building 20: 23, 38 Library contributions 14: 233. 15:87, 98. 20:141 Lichter, J. J. 19:128 Life, A. C. 16:26. 19:20 Lignin 17: 41. pl. 1, 2 Limestone 19: pl. 15 Lincoln, G. T. 20:39 Lindheimer, F. 19:19 Biography 18: 127-141 Cabin 18 : 123 Portrait 18. frontispiece Lindheimer herbarium 20 : 24 Lindheimer, M. E. 18:126 Linnean House 18:11 Lionberger, I. H. 13: 25 Lipsky, W. 14:34 Livingston, B. E. 19:20 Loblolly pine 16: pl. 27 Lockwood, G. R. 17:2. 18:2 Locust 12. pl. 1, 8. 17. pl. 28. f. 2 Locust, black 12: 21 Lomas, W. 12: 33 Louisiana Purchase Exposition 16:29 19:16. McClure, G. E. 17:40 McCulloch, Mary C. 17:30 McCulloch, R. 18:13. 19:12. 20:19 Madill, G. A. 11-12:2. 18:2, 8, eh Ee ae Magoon, F. L. 18-19: 2 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Maguey 18: 31-33 Maiden, J. H. 16:169 Maintenance expenses 20 : 36-38 (See also Cash statement) Manda, W. A. 19:23 Mangrove swamp 15. pl. 24 Manuscript volumes 143.4% 12:16. 13:22. 14:20. 15:30. 16:23. 17:36. 18:21. 19:18. 20 : 28 Maple, soft 17. pl. 25. f. 1, 2. pl. 26¢ Maple twigs 17. pl. 22 Marine Biological 20:30 de Mariz, J. 14:34 Marker, O. P. 12:17. 15:33 Marshall, A. O. 18:25 Martin, purple 20:79 Matthews, L. 11-16: 2. 18-20 : 2 Mausoleum 17 : 15 Mayer, P. 16:28 Mayor of Saint Louis 11-20: 2 Meadowlark 20:53 Medal 11:20. 16:30 Medicinal plants 17:19. Meier, A. 17:7, 8 Mexican House 15 : 26 Mexican National Commission 16: 14 Meyer, R. 11:18. 15:33 Mill Hill School 16: 29 Miller, R. E. 18:8 Miller, Walter 18 : 23 Miller, Wilhelm 18 : 20 Millspaugh, C. F. 11:85 Mississippi River Map 19: 127 Missouri Botanical Garden Map 17:16 Views 11. frontispiece, 7. 12. front- ispiece, 7, 19. 18. frontispiece, 7, 18, 18, 21, 28. 14. frontispiece, 7, 12, 15, 17, 24. 15. frontispiece, 7%, 18, 23, 26, 30, 35. 19377, 18, 3¢ 22, 30. 17. frontispiece, 7, 10, 17, Laboratory pt a ae oe 18:12 Exposition 22, 28, 84. 1833, 475.39. 46; frontispiece, 7, 11. 20, frontispiece, 7, 421, 81, 28 Missouri Botanical Garden seed list 17:29. 18 : 14. 19 : 12. 20:14, 15 Missouri Horticultural Society 11:18 Missouri shore 19. pl. 10 Mitchell 19 : 128 Mockingbird 20:71 monr, C.. 13:28 Mohr, R. J. 11:18. 14:22 GENERAL INDEX. “Moonseed 17 : 22 Moore, R. 13:2. 17:2. 20:2, 22 Mount Katahdin bog 15, pl. 6 Museum 15:31. 20:12 Mushrooms 16 : 30 Mustard 16 :122 Myrtle, crape 20:97 15:32. 16:25 Academy of Sciences Nagelvoort, J. B. National 17:37 National Herbarium 18:18 Nehrling, A. 17:39. 20:31 Nehrling, B. 11:18. 15:33 Nehrling, W. 11:18 Nelson, A. 17:33 Nelson, A. T. 12:19 Nepenthes 15: 35 Ness, H. 12:33 New York Botanical 15:16, 21 Nicholson, G 14:34 Nighthawk 20:77 Nipher 13:17 North American flora 15: 31 North American Synopsis 12:12, 13. 14:14. 15:10, 16, 21, 23. 16:9. 17:17, 24, 25. 18:11. 20:13, 38 North Manitou Island swamps 15. pl. 3, 4 Norton, Ida L. 12:17. 16:27 Norton, J. B. S. 11:17. 12:17. 13 : 23 Norton, Mary A. 13:23. Nyden, E. 19:21 Garden 15:36 Oak, white 17. pl. 23. f. 7 Ochs, H. L. 17:39 Office building 20: 23, 38 Officers’ reports 11-20:7 Olmsted, C. S. 16: 28 Olmsted, Olmsted and We tad 12 lee 17 2:16 O'Mara, P. 12:19 Oppermann, A. 20:39 Orchids 15:15, 16, 21, 30. 28 Oriole, Baltimore 20 : 56 Oriole, orchard 20: 55 Ostwald, W. 16:28 Oviedo 19:18 Owl, screech 20: 44 Eliot 17:18, Paeonies, Japanese tree 16:14 Palermo Botanical Garden 17:34 Palmer, E. 17:33. 19:16 Palmer, E. J. 19:38 157 Palmetto 16. pl. 89-41, 48, 44 Palm 14: 24 Palms, 17:18, 28 Pammel, L. H. 11: 21 Parish, 8. B. 12:33 Park strip 17:12 Pathology of plants (See Diseases) Patton, C. H. 18:25 Peckiness 11 : 23-77 Pecky cypress 11. pl. 1, 3-6 Peiper, Mrs. Sida 18 : 126 Penneman 19 :128 Perles, Eva 14:21. 15:36 Pettus, W. H. H. 11-16: 2. 7-9. 18-20: 2 Pewee, wood 20: 49 Pickerel weed 20: 29 Philippi, R. A. 16:168 Philippine Commission 16:14 Pierson, F. R. 16:29 Pin-rot 11 : 23-77 Pine, loblolly 16: pl. 21 Pinks 17 : 28 Pitard’s Canary 19:16 Pitcher plants 15:7 Plant (See Exchanges) Plant diseases 12: 21, 121. 14: 22. 15:31. 16:109, 149, 153. 18:77. 19 : 22 Plant houses 20:14 Plantae Lindheimerianae 18 : 123 Plants cultivated 11:13. 12:13. 13:18. 14:14. 15:17. 16:13, 14. 17:2, Island plants 12:13. 14: 8-9. 17:17, 18, 29. 18:14. 19:12. 20:15 Plants distributed 11:13. 12:13. 13:18. 14:15. 15:17,18. 16:15. 17:29. 18:14. 19:12. 20:15 Platyceriums 15: 21 Polst, W. 14:22. 15:33 Prelinnean library 11:17. 12:16. 13:22. 14:19 Premiums 11:19, 20. 12:18, 19. 13:24, 26. 14:24, 15:10. 16:29. 17:11, 40. 18: 24. 19:23. 20: 40 President of Academy of Science 11-20 : 2 Price, Sadie F. Herbarium 16:20. 17:34 Sketches 16:20. 20: 28 Pritchett, H. S. 15:36 Prizes (See Premiums) Prolification 17 : 132 Public School Board 11-20 : 2 Py ee a, ee 158 - MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Publication 17 : 22 Publications from Garden 15 : 87 Publications received 15: 98 Pupils (See Garden Pupils) Purchase of property 17:24. B17. 36.47 Purpus, A. 14:34 Quail 20 : 42 Rabenhorst’s European Mosses 15 : 26 : Radishes 16:121 Real estate 17:11 Redfield herbarium 11:15, 16. 12:14, 15. 18 3 21. 243.18. 15 + 37. 16:20. 17:34. 18:19. 19:17. 20 : 25 Red gum 17%. pl. 28. f. §. pl. 25. f. 8, 4. pl. 26 Reed, Eva M. 13: 22, 23 Reedy, W. M. 14:23 Reports (See Director, Officers) Reports, Garden 14: 21 Research 11:18. 12:17. 13:23. 14:21. 15:81. 16:26. 17: 22, 37. 18:21. 19:19. 20:29, 38 Residence, Director’s 17 : 15 Residence removal 17:15. 19: 22 Rettig, E 14:34 Retzer, W. 11:18. 19:3: 23 Revenue, Garden (See Cash statement) Revenue, School of Botany 20: 30 Reverchon, J. 12:33. 17: 33. 18:18 Reverchon herbarium 18:19. 19:16, 17. 20:25 Riehl, E. A. 17:40. 18:18 Riehl herbarium 17:20. 18:18, 19. 19:17. 20:25 River des Peres 19. pl. 18, 19 Rivinus 20: 28 Roberts, H. F. 11:21. 18:26 Robertson, C. F. 17:7, 9 Robin, American 20: 75 Roebling, C. S. 11: 20 Roetter 11217. 1Uasi6. 18:22. 20: 28 Roper, P. 16:27. 19:21 Rose, D. H. 16:169. 17:38 Ross, .. N... 12:33 Roses 18:11 Rumbold, Caroline 15 : 33 Rush, W. H. 11:21 Ruth, W. A. 19:20. 20:31 Sago plants 17:18 Saint Francis River 15: 55 Saint Louis Florists’ Club 11: 18- 20. 18:26. 17:40 St. Louis Horticultural Society 19:23. 20:40 Sale. of land: 1128, 18; 19314, 13 :7.14:7.15:9. 16:7. 17 3:24. 18:7.19:7. 20:7 Sanger, C. R. 11: 256 Saxifrages 20:138 Scanlan, P. C. 19:3 23 Scholarships (See Garden pupils) School of Botany 11:9, 20. 12:19. 13:10, 18, 28,25, 26: 14222, 34. 18. ¢83;°:26 218) oer 37 1 10, 2 Str .aee 18 : 22. 19:20, 21. 20:11, 30-32 Schools 11:13. 12:18. 18:18. 14:15. 13:18. 16:15. 17:29, 80. -18 :14..19312. 20:16 von Schrenk, H. 11331. 183 28, 265. 14 3 23, >" 33; 15:31, 82. 16:25. 19:22. 20:14 Schroers, J. 13:2. 14:2 Schulte, G. D. 15:33. 19:21 Scott, J. 16:29 Scott, W. 12:19 Seed (See Exchanges) Seed list 17:29. 18:14. 18:12. 20:14, 15 Selma, Missouri 19. pl. 11 Serial publications 15: 98 Sermon, annual 11:19.°' 12:18. 13:24. 14:22. 15:36. 16:28. . 17: 11,39. 18:23. 19:22. 20:39 Sessums, D. 18:23 Shaw, Henry 15:7, 26, 381, 36. 16:29. 17:8 Medal 11:20. 16:29. 19:23 Notes 11:17. 12:16. 18322. 20 : 28 Portrait 16. frontispiece. 18:8 Will 17:7. 20:11 Shaw School of Botany (See School of Botany) Shepley, J. F. 13-16:2. 17:2, 9. 18-20 : 2 Silk-dagger 18:34 Silk-grass 18:33, 34 Simon, Mrs Anna 18: 126 Sisal Agaves 19: 273 Slaught, H. E. 19:22 Slaughter, M. S. 18:23 Slocum, W. F. 12:18 Smith, A. H. 19:21 GENERAL Smith, D. H. S. 11-16:2. 17:2, 9, 18-20: 2 Smith, J. G. 12:19. 15:16 Smoot, Isadore 19:22. 20:36 Smyth, E.° 17:39 Sotol 14: 12 Southern Missouri swamps 15. pl. 18, 15 Southern swamp margins 15. pl. 20 Southern swamps 15. pl. 11 Sparrow, chipping 20: 62 Sparrow, European tree 20: 59 Sparrow, house 20:58. pl. 1 Sparrow, song 20:62 Sparrow hawk 20: 76 Sparrows, European 20. pl. 1 Spaulding, P. 15:33. 18: 22 Species in cultivation 11:18. AS else GS wise, eee Ole La NG 419, 14. 17 27, 1829.7 18:3 14; 19:12. 20:15 Stevens, Mrs Alice F. 11:15 Stevens, W. J. 11:20. 13325. 17:40 Stibral 16: 28 Storm losses 17 : 16 Strange, R. 19:22 “Strangling” fig 16. pl. 389-44. 19 : 25 Students (See Garden pupils) Sturtevant, E. L. 12:16. 13: 22. 14:19, 233. 16:23. 17:20 Index 16:23. 20:28 Library 11:17. 12:16. 13: 22. 14:19, 233 Sturtevant and Smith herbarium 14:18. 15:27. 16:20. 17:34. 48:19. 19:17. 20:25 Succulents 12:13. 17:28 Sumach 13:7. 20:11 Sunday 11: 14. 1 tea eae a 20. 14:15, 17. 15:22. 16:16, 10,7297 219, 31,.32. . 18.215, 18, 19. 19:14, 15. 20:12, 19, 21 Supreme Court of State of Mis- souri 11:8, 13 Sutermeister, Eda A. 17:39 Swamp areas 15: 38 Sweet Dagger 18: 34 Swift, chimney 20:47 Swope, G. 17:40 Sycamore 17. pl. 23. f. 8. 18:81. pl. 2 Taussig, W. 14-15: 2 Taxes 17:10, 24 INDEX. 159 Taylor, BF. W. 18:25. 14:23. 15:37 Teachers 17:19, 33 Tensfeld, Anna E, 19:21 Teratology 15:31 Testamentary charges 17:10 Texas plants 17 :119 Thiell, F. 15: 36 Thompson, C. H. 11:17. 20:39 Thrasher, brown 20:72 Thrush, wood 20: 74 Thwing, W. F. 12:18 Timber 14:22. 15:31. 16:25 Toeppen, Herta A. 13:24. 14:22 Tornado 17:16. 20:16 Tower Grove Park 17:12 Towhee 20:63 Tracy, S. M. 17:33 Tracy herbarium 17:34. 18:19, 19:17. 20:25 Treaty Sou 17 4.8)..0 Tree-ferns 15:16 Trelease, W. 11:86. 12:33. 14:234. 15:40. 16:169. 17:8. 18 :126. 19:39, 128. 20:2, 138 Herbarium 16: 20. 17:34. 18:19. 19:17. 20:25 Treub, M. 16: 169 Trustees 11-16: 2. yh a fer. Soy fo 18-20 : 2 Reports 11-20:7 (See Banquet to) Tuggle, J. B. 19:21 Tulips 16:13. 17:18. 18 :11. 19:11. 20:13, 21, 22 . Tile e ded ae 12:17. 13 : 24. 16:27 Turnips 16 :122 Tuttle, D. S. 11-13:2. 14:2, 23. 15016: 2. 17:2,9. 18:2. 19: 2, 22. 20:2 Twigs, constriction of 17: 153 United Railways 18:13. 19:12. 20:19 United States Department of Agriculture 13:23. 16:14 Urban, I. 16: 169 Wacherot, M. J. 15:37 Variation 20:97 Vaughan, J. C. 19:23 Vaughan’s Seed Store 16: 29 Vieh, Mrs. Grace Johnson 11: 139. 16 : 29 de Vilmorin, M. L. 14:34, 35 Vireo, Bell’s 20 : 67 Vireo, warbling 20: 67 _- bes A, 160 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Virescence 18 : 99 Wassuore 11's %4;. “48614. - 18 18, 19, 14:15, 16. 18:21. 16:16- a. 27 ¥19; 81: 46526. 10:14, 15. 20:19, 21, 22 Waite, M. B. 19: 23 Walbridge, C. P. 19:22 Waldo, C. A. 19:22 Walter’s grasses 16: 31 Warbler, yellow 20:68 Washington University 17:10. 20:11 (See School of Botany) Watrous, C. L. 14:23 Waxwing, cedar 20:79 Webber, H. J. 13: 26 Wells, R. 12:2. 18:2, 25. 14- 20:2 West, A. F. 18:23 Whelpley, H. M. 20:39 Whitaker, E. 13-16:2. 17:2, 9. 18-20 : 2 White oak 17. pl. 28. f. 7 Whitten, J. C. 11:20 Wilcox, R. B. 19:21 Williams, W. 18:24 Williamson, C. H. 14:23 Willis, J. C. 15:16. 16:169 Willow 17. pl. 28. f. 1 Winther, C. 12:17 Wistaria, Japanese 16:14 Wolf, E. 14:34 Wood, J. M. 16:168 Woodpecker, red-headed 20: 46 Woodward, C. M. yi ad ge ogee 2 13 : 25. 15: 2. 16: 2. 18:2. 19:2, 22. 20:2 Wren, house 20:73 Wright, C. D. 15: 36 Yager, L. D. 20:13 Yeatman, J. E. 11-12:2. 13:32, 8. 17:8, 9 Yellow-throat 20: 69 Zabel, H. 14:34 Zenker, G. 17:33 Ziegenhein, H. 11:2 Zonation 17 :115 Index to Latin Names. (Synonyms in Parenthesis.) Abies 17 : 64, 65 Acleisanthes longiflora 18: 153, balsamea 11:24. 15:41, 48, 207 65. 16:117-120. pl. 20.17 : 44 Douglasii 11 : 67, 68 nigra 11: 24 picea 11 : 24 Abutilon Avicennae a erro dpi 19 :175, 181, 184, 191, 197, 202, 220 holosericeum (18 : 207) incanum 18 : 207 texense (18 : 207) Wrightii 18 : 207 Acacia 12:13. 17:149 amentacea 18 : 207 Farnesiana 18: 167, 207 filicioides 18: 165, 207 hirta (18 : 207) Roemeriana 18 : 165, 207 Acalypha 12 : 49 earoliniana 19: 240 Lindheimeri 18: 148, 154, 207 radians geraniifolia 18: 154, 207 tricolor 14. frontispiece, 12 virginica 19: 163, 240 gracilens 19: 240 Acanthophippium bicolor 17 : 129 Acer 17:64, 80. pl. 25. f. 1, 2 pl. 26. 19:205 dasycarpum 15:54, 65. 183, 191, 194, 198, 220 Drummondii 15: 61, 65, 71. pl. 19: $0. 7. 2 Negundo texanum 18: 207, 217 pennsylvanicum 15:48, 65. 17:44, 47 rubrum 15:41, 42, 45, 53, 65. 17:44. 19:198, 220 saccharinum 17: 44. 170, 198, 220 Saccharum 17 : 43, 44, 47 spicatum 15: 48, 65 Acerates auriculata 18: 181, 207 19: 161, viridiflora 18:143, 181, 207. 19 : 234 Achillea Millefolium 18 : 207. - 101.162, 174, 1765, 181, 182, 197, 199, 228 i Acnida tamariscina 18:188, 207 tuberculata 19:187, 189, 238 Acorus Calamus 19:1938, 244 Acrostichum aureum 15: 62 Acrotrema 16:178 Actaea alba 19: 170, 172, 216 Actinella linearifolia 18 :172, 207 scaposa 18: 207 Actinomeris squarrosa 17:151. 19 3: 163, 178, 184, 228 Wrightii (18 : 207) Adenopetalum 11: 143 Adiantum Capillus - Veneris 18 : 200, 207 pedatum 19:163, 166, 173, 198, 248 Adoxa 20:101 Aechmea 18: 37 augusta 18 : 38 Aecidium 11 : 66 Rhamni 11: 54 Aegilops aromaticum (16: 55) saccharinum (16: 56) Aesculus 17: 41 octandra 18: 164, 207 glabra 19: 179, 183, 194, 220 hybrida 18: 164, 207 Pavia discolor (18 : 207) Afromendoncia 16 : 202 Agapostemon 16 : 222 Agaricus amygdalinus 15 : 84-85. pl. 35, 36 atramentarius 11 : 39 melleus 11: 55, 65 Agassizia suavis (18 : 207, 213) Agave 11: 81-83. 12:14, 17, 75. 18:33. 14024047. °18 079. 17: 18, 196, 122..° 38325, St, 38, 38, 69, 2a0" San, Zar, 280, oti, 2é4. 19:19, 273, 275, 276. 20:14 albicans 18 : 238 americana 16:155. 18: 35, 38, 43, 59, 61, 62, 65. 19: (279), 284 americana B 18:65. 19: 275 americana variegata 17 :128. 18 : 54, 59, 65 (161) 162 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, Agave angustifolia 18:59, 60, 236. 19 : 273, 287. pl. 30-34 — marginata 19: 287. pl. 35 Woodrowi 19: 287. pl. 35 variegata (19: 287) antillarum 18 : 26, 34, 38, 39, 63 applanata 13:117, 130 aspera 18: (47), 53, 60, 74 atrovirens 16:155. 18:62 attenuata 11:79, 83. pl. 7 australis (18 : 60) Bakeri (18 : 240, 258, 254) Bessereriana (18:234, 2365, 237, 238, 239, 248-250) candida (18:235, 237, 249) brevifolia (18 : 235) longifolia (18 : 235) —— glauca (18 : 249) ——hystrix (18 : 248) longifolia glauca (18: 235, 249) — — viridis (18: 235, 250) major (18: 250, 251) viridis (18 : 250) Besseriana (18: 234, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 248, 249) candida (18 : 239, 249) — hystrix (18 : 236, 248) longifolia glauca (18 : 249) longifolia (18 : 250) — major (18: 287, 250) Besserreriana (18: 234, 249) —longifolia glauca (18 : 249) : Brauniana (11: 82) campanulata (18: 60) candelabrum 19: 278, 279 Cantala 18; 27, 57, 58, 63, 65, 66, 244, 247, 255. 193276, (278), 282 collina 19 : 286 Commelini (18:48, 50, 60) concinna (18:237, 239, 250, 251) Cookei (19: 287) Corderoyi (18: 237-240, 252, 254) brevifolia (18 : 237, 253) longifolia (18 : 253) Corderoyii (18 : 234, 237, 252) glauca (18 : 237, 249) cubensis (13: 114, 130. 18 : 26, 29, 39, 40, 47, 51, 53, 56, 60- 62, 69, 72) oe viridis Agave decipiens 19: 277 densiflora 18 : 246 densispina (18 : 255) elongata 18:70. (19: 277, 278) erubescens (18 : 245, 255) excelsa (19: 281, 283, 284, 285, 287. pl. 34) expatriata 11:79-83. pl. 9-10 filifera filamentosa 11. front- ispiece flaccida (18 : 243-245, 247, 254) flavescens (18 : 231, 232, 234, 236, 237, 239, 246, 248) —— macracantha (18 : 239,. 248) macroacantha (18: 248) flavovirens (18: 236, 19: 285) flavoviridis (18 ; 236. 19: 285) foetida (18:25, 28, 44, 47, 60, 72) fourcroydes 19: 277-279, 282. funifera (13 : 86, 130) geminiflora 13:114, 130 gigantea (18: 61) heteracanthai11:79, 80.. 13-: 127, 180. pl. $2. 18: 2381 hexapetala (18 : 47, 61, 69) horrida 16 : 155 integrifolia (18 : 240, 250, 251) Ixtli 18 :288, 289, 240, 244. 19 : (277-279), 283, (286) excelsa (19 : 286) rigida (19: 276) ixtlioides (19:277, 278, 282, 285) Jacquiniana (18:236, 243,. 255. 19:281, 282, 284, 285) Jacquinii (19: 281, 285) Karatto 19 : 275 Karewinskii (18 : 252) Karwinskiana (18:232, 239, 252) Karwinskii 18 : 231, 232, 234, 235, 237-241, 243, 244, 246, 247, 252, 255, 256. pl. 29-31. 19 : 277 , Karwinsky (18 : 252) Karwinskyi cre e832; « Bas, 252) Keratto 18:58 laxa (18: 248, 244, 246, 247, 253) Lechuguilla 12:76, 80. 18: 229 linearia (18 : 236, 250) linearis (18 : 237, 239, 250) longifolia 18:70. (19: 277) a, INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. ; 163 ive jurida (18:26, 61. 19: 280, 283, 284, 287. pl. 30-34) lurida a (19: 274, 275, 280) lurida § (19: 273-276, 279, 282, 284) Jacquiniana (18 : 240. 19 : 281, 282, 285) macracantha (18 : 231-234, 237-239, 248) concinna (18 : 250) longifolia (18: 249, 251) nigrispina (18 : 249) ‘macrantha (18: 236-239, 248, 249) macroacantha 18 : 231-256. pl. 18-26 integrifolia 18 : 251 latifolia 18: 251, 256. pl. 27-28 nigrispina (18 : 249) pugioniferus (18 : 249) maculosa 11:79 madagascariensis (18: 61). marmorata 16: 155 mexicana (18:61, 62) Morrisii 18:35 neglecta 19:277, 279 Noackii 18 : 69 odorata (18 : 62) oligophylla (18 : 238, 239, 250) paucifolia (18 : 288, 250) picta 17:132. 19: 287 potatorum 16:155 procumbens (19: 286) pugioniferus (18: 235, 249) pugioniforme (18 : 249) pugioniformes (18 : 249) pugioniformis (18: 231, 232, 234-236, 238, 239, 241, 243, 244, 246, 249, 251, 252, 256. pl. 26) punctata (18 : 243-245, 254) pyramidalis (19 : 285) Rhumphii (18 : 244) rigida (18:70, 238, 240). 19 : 273-287. pl. 29 angustifolia (19 : 279, 284) ‘elongata (19:279, 282, 286) = Ith! (183 279) longifolia (19 : 278) recurvata (19: 279) sisalana (19: 278, 279) rubescens 18: 243-247, 254, 255, 256. pl. 31-34 Rumphii (19: 278) Schottii 12: 75, 76. pl. 33 ‘ Agave serrulata (18 : 243-247, 254) sisalana 18:70. 19: 277-279. sobolifera 18 : 244, 246 laxa (18 : 246) serrulata (18 : 246) spinosa (18 : 62) striata 18:231. 19:278 subfalcata (18: 236, 237, 239, 249) subinermis (18 : 63) sudburyensis (18:237, 250, 251) tequilana 18: 241, 255. 19 : 279 Toneliana 14:17 Treleasii 12: 75-76. pl. 32, [8% bis], 33 tuberosa (18: 25-27, 30, 40,. 50, 59, 63) tuberosa B (18 : 63) Utahensis 16:153, 155, 156.. pl. 35 Vera Cruz 18:61, 62. 19: 280 Jacquiniana (19 s 285) Verschaffeltii 18 : 242, 251 virginica 11:79. (18:56). 19: 166, 178, 242 vivipara (18 : 26, 27, 39, 44-46,. 50, 57, 58, 63, 64-67, 71, 164,. 244, 19: 282, 286, 287) variegata (19: 287) vivipera (19: 282, 286) washingtonensis 11:79, 8f, 83. pl. 8° Wightii 18 : 27, ous 40. (19 : 282, 283, 286) Woodrowi (19 : 287. pl. 35) yuccaefolia 18 : 244 Zuccarinii (18 : 246) Agelaius phoeniceus 20:54 Aglaospora profusa 12: 21 Agrimonia Eupatoria 19:194, 224 parviflora 19 :194, 224 Agropyrum repens 19:195, 246 Agrostis 16:45 alba 16:39. 19:165, 174, 195, 199, 203, 246 dispar (16:39) Agrostis hyemalis 16:38 indica (16: 45) intermedia 16: 39 perennans 16: 38 scabra 19:162, 174, 184, 197... 199, 246 sericea (16: 46) verticillata 18: 150, 207 164 Agrostis virginica (16: 45) Agrostocrinum 16:182, 185, 187, 227 Ailanthus 202, 220 Aira 16 : 46 aegilopsoides (16: 47) purpurea (16: 46) Albugo 16:124 candida 16:122 Aldama uniserialis (18 : 207, 220) Aletris aurea 18 : 207 Algarobia glandulosa 219) Alisma Plantago 19 : 183, 192, 193, 244 Allionia nyctaginea 18 : 153, 207 pilosa 18 : 207 Allium cernuum 19:175, 185, 242 hyacinthoides 17:119, 120 glandulosus 19: 200, (18 : 207, latifolia mutabile 17:120. 18 : 149, 195, 207 Nuttallii 18: 195, 207 stellatum 19:242. 20:105- 115 vineale 19: 242 Allosorus 18:109 Alnus 17:41 incana 15:41, 65 serrulata 15 : 47, 65 Alocasia odora 11: 12 Aloe 12:12. 13:31, 37. 18:38, 58 americana (13:88, 89, 91, 130. 19: 274, 277) —— minor (19: 274) sobolifera (18 : 63) antillarum (18 : 26) barbadiensis (18 : 65) Juccae foliis (18 : 88, 130) minor (18:58 19: 274) polygona (18:58) purpurea levis (18:91, 130) sobolifera (18 : 26, 58) spinosa (19: 274) tuberosa (19: 274) viridis (18 : 44) yuccaefolia (13:30, 31, 130) Yuccae foliis (13:89, 130) Aloes floridana (13:89, 130) Alopecurus 16:39 aristulatus (16 : 40) carolinianus 16:39, 40 geniculatus 16:39. 19:183, 185, 202, 246 pratensis 16:39, 40 - subaristatus 16 : 40 Alsinopsis patula 20: 140 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Alsophila 18 : 115 australis 18 : 110, 111, 114, 116 Loddigesii 18 :110 pruinata 18:113-118, 121 Alternanthera 19:11 repens 18: 147, 188, 207 villiflora (18 : 147, 207) Alternaria 17:98 tenuis 17: 104 Alyssum maritimum 16:121 Amanita phalloides 15: 84 Amaranthus albus 18: 147, 19 : 195, 238 blitoides 19: 195, 238 paniculatus 19: 238 retroflexus 15:51, 65. 19: 181, 184, 195, 238 spinosus 18:189, 207, 238 Amblyolepis setigera 18: 173, 207 Amblystegium serpens 19:171 varium 19:171 Ambrosia aptera 18: 173, 207 artemisiaefolia 15:53, 65. 18 :173. 19:190, 228 paniculata 18: 173, 207 bidentata 19: 190, 228 coronopifolia (18 : 173, 207) glandulosa (18:173, 207) Lindheimeriana (18 : 173, 207) paniculata (18 :173, 207) psilostachya 18 : 173, 207. 19 : 195, 228 —— Lindheimeriana 18:173, 207 trifida 15:51, 538, 65. 189, 190, 195, 228 Amelanchier canadensis 19: 178, 183, 198, 224 Ammannia coccinea 18 : 207. 188, 226 latifolia (18: 207) Amoreuxia 16: 200, 215 Amorpha canescens 19: 199, 220 fruticosa 15:53, 65. 18: 165, ‘208. 19:191, 220 glabra 18 : 208 paniculata 18 : 208 texana 18 : 165, 208 Amorphophallus Rivieri 14:7 Ampelis cedrorum 20:79 Ampelopsis 16: 142 heptaphylla 18: 164, 208 quinquefolia 15 : 61, 65, 71. pl. 207. 19 : 188, 19: 20. f. 2 18:168, 169, 172, 192, 198, 220 Amphiachyris dracunculoides 18 :1738, 208 Amphicarpaea monoica 19:163, 222 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Amphicarpaea Pitcheri 19 : 163, 222 Amsonia ciliata texana 18: 152, 208 Tabernaemontana 15:53, 65. 19 : 234 Anaphalis margaritacea 15 :47 Andrachne phyllanthoides 18 : 149, 189, 190, 208 Reverchoni 18:189, 190, 208 Reverchoni (18: 190, 208) Andropogon avenaceus (18: 208) dissitiflorum 16:33 furcatus 18:.157, 197, 208. 19: 166, 174, 197, 246 macrourus 15:33. 18: 208 nutans 16: 46 scoparius 18 : 197, 208. 19: 166, 174, 197, 246 tener 16: 46 Torreyanus 18:197, 208 virginicus 15 : 33 Androsace occidentalis 19: 164, L76, 177, 178, 19%, 234 Androstephium coeruleum 18: 150, 155, 208, 217 violaceum (18 :150, 155, 208) Aneimia mexicana 18:151, 200, 208 phyllitidis 18:109, 110, 119, 121 Anemone 18: 86 caroliniana 18:208. 19:170, 216 Hepatica 19 : 204 nemorosa 20: 101 113- pennsylvanica 19:184, 190, 197, 216 virginiana 19:163, 170, 179, 216 Anemonella thalictroides 19: 164, 198, 199, 216 Angelandra elliptica (12:60, 73) Anisophyllum 11: 90 Anisoptera 16 :194 Antennaria Greenei 17 :124 occidentalis 17 : 125 plantaginifolia 19: 163, 182, 197, 228 Anthemis Cotula 19 : 228 Anthina 17: 83, 96 Antholoma 16: 180, 193, 210 Anthophora 16 : 227 Anthoxanthum giganteum (16: 33) Antirrhinum antirrhiniflorum 18 : 145, 185, 208 majus 17:151 175, 165 Anychia dichotoma 19: 238 Aphanostephus ramosissimus 18 : 173, 208, 212 skirrobasis 18 :173, 208, 212 Aphora humilis (18 : 208) mercurialina (18 : 208) Aphyllon uniflorum 19 : 162 Apios tuberosa 15 : 53, 65. 18: 165, - 208. 19:212, 222 Apis 16 : 221, 222, 228 Aplopappus divaricatus 18 : 208, 215 Hookerianus 18 : 208, 215 spinulosus 18 : 208 Apocynum androsaemifolium 15 : 43, 53, 65. 19:165, 175, 234 cannabinum 18 : 152, 208. 19 : 163, 184, 234 © Apogon gracilis 18: 174, 208 Aporocactus (16:57, 61, 71, 82, 83) Aquilegia canadensis 19; 216 Arabis canadensis 19:177, 216 confinis 19:196, 216 dentata 19: 216 hirsuta 19: 216 laevigata 19: 196, 216 ludoviciana 19 :166, 216 lyrata 19; 216 petiolaris 18 :161, 208 Aralia nudicaulis 15 : 42, 49, 65 quinquefolia 19:170, 205, 226 racemosa 15:42, 65. 19: 226 spinosa 18:7. 15:61, 65, 70. pl. 18. f. 2 Arceuthobium americanum (18 : 208) campylopodum 18 : 208 cryptopodum (18 : 208) Oxycedri 18 : 208 vaginatum 18: 208 Arctium Lappa minus 174, 186, 228 Ardisia 16:182, 195, 235 paludosa 16:195 Arenaria Benthamii 18 :161, 208 patula 18: 208. 19:166, 218 Pitcheri (18 : 208) Argemone alba 19:199, 201 platyceras 19:199, 201 Argithamnia aphoroides 18: 154, 208 humilis 18:190, 208 19 : 168, mercurialina 18:147, 190, 208 Argostemma 16:182, 197, 198, * 214 Argothamnia herbacea (12: 60, 73) 166 Argynnis 16: 220 Argyrothamnia (18 : 208) Arisaema Dracontium 19: 166, Bot, Eta, 178, 277,180, 192, 198, 244, 258. pl. 13 triphyllum 19:166, 167, 171, 173, 177, 180, 192, 198, 204, 244, 258, pl. 13 Aristida 16 : 40 adscensionis (16:40) aequiramea 18:151, 208 longiseta Hookeri (18: 197, 208) Oligantha 16: 40. 19 : 190, 197, 246 purpurea 18: 151, 197, 208 aequiramea (18 : 151, 208) —— californica (18: 151, 208) Hookeri 18 : 197, 208 Roemeriana (18:151, 208) stricta 16:40 ‘Aristolochia 16 : 233 longiflora 18 : 208 . reticulata 18 ; 208 tomentosa 19:194, 240 Aristotelia 16:178, 179 fruticosa 16: 218 Maqui 16 ;: 218 racemosa 16; 218 Artemisia 19 : 255 biennis 19 : 184, 228 caudata 18 :174, 208 dracunculoides 18 :174, 208 gnaphalodes 18: 174, 208 ludoviciana 18:208. 19:187, 189, 228 mexicana 18 :174, 208 vulgaris mexicana (18 : 208) Arundinaria gigantea 16:53 tecta 16:53 Arundo 16: 53 gigantea (16:53) tecta (16:53) Asarum canadense 19:194, 240 Asclepias Cornuti 19:184, 234 incarnata 15:47, 65. 19:185, 191, 234 longifolia 18 : 152, 208 Lindheimeri (18 : 208) linearis 18 : 143, 181, 208 longicornu 18: 208 longipetala (18 : 143, 208) obtusifolia 19:184, 234 paupercula 18 : 208 purpurascens 19: 1638, 184, 234 quadrifolia 19 : 234 texana 18 : 152, 181, 208 204, MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Asclepias tuberosa 19:165, 175, 234 verticillata 18 :152, 208. 165, 175, 234 Asclepiodora decumbens 18: 152, 181, 208 viridis 18 : 1438, 208 Ascyrum Crux-Andreae 19: 166, 218 Asimina triloba 15:61, 65. 19: 170, 179, 198, 216 Asparagus 17: 149, 152 officinalis 19: 200, 203 Aspergillus niger 17 : 104 Asphodeline 17: 149 Aspicarpa hyssopifolia 18 : 208 Aspidium 18: 109 acrostichoides 19: 19:163, 166, 248 filix mas 18: 109, 119 macrourum (18 : 200, 208) marginale 19:165, 248 spinulosum 18 : 109 thelypteris 15:42, 45, 47, 65 thelypteroides 19 : 250 violascens 18 ;:109 Asplenium 18: 109 angustifolium 19 : 248 ebeneum 19:171, 248 filix foemina 18:114, 116-118 lucidum 18:111, 115 resiliens 18 : 200, 208 Asprella Hystrix 19 : 163, 181, 246 Astelia 18:27, 28, 130 Aster 19:197, 199 azureus 19: 164, 228 carneus (18 : 208, 209) Subasper (18: 208) cordifolius 19:164, 228 diffusus 19: 185, 228 divaricatus (18 : 208) Drummondii 18 :174, 208, 228 dumosus 18:174, 208 ericoides 19; 182, 228 exilis 18 :174, 208 laevis 19: 166, 228 linariifolius 19: 228 multiflorus 18 :174, 208. 182, 238 novae-angliae 19 : 175, 178, 228 oblongifolius 18 : 174, 208. 19¢ 166, 175,178, 998 rigidulus 19 : 228 paniculatus 18 : 174, 208 simplex 18 : 174 patens 19: 165, 175, 190, 228 phyllolepis 18 : 208 Sagittifolius 19:175, 228 Salicifolius 18:174, 208, 209. 19 : 183, 185, 198, 194, 228 19; INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Aster salicifolius canescens 18: 174 subasper 18: 208 sericeus 18: 174, 209 simplex (18: 174, 208, 209) spinosus 18 : 209 tripolium 17: 149 turbinellus 19: 164, 165, 228 vimineus 18:174, 209 virgatus 18 : 209 Astraea 12:41 Astragalinus tristis 20:58 Astragalus canadensis 15:53, 65. 19 :180, 222 caryocarpus 18:165, 209 leptocarpus 18 : 209 Lindheimeri 18 : 165, 209 mexicanus (18: 209). 19: 166, 477, .180, 199, 222 Nuttallianus trichocarpus 18 : 165, 209 plattensis 18 : 209 Wrightii 18 : 165, 209 Atrema americana (18 : 209) Atrichum angustatum 19: 172 . Atriplex patulum hastatum 19: 184, 238 Augochlora 16 : 221, 223 Avena 16:52 caroliniana (16 : 52) palustris (16:53) pennsylvanica (16:53) sativa 19 : 2038, 246 Avicennia nitida 15:68, 71. pl. 24. f. 2 Azolla caroliniana 15:56, 65, 70, Dla eatk ila Dt, Las. Sethe cou Baccharis angustifolia 18:174, 209 heterophylla 15:62, 71. pl. 22 texana 18 : 209 Bacillus mesentericus 11 : 62 Ballota nigra 19: 200, 202 Baptisia leucantha 19: 185, 222 leucophaea 19 : 222 Baudouinia 16 : 182, 189 Beaucarnea (13: 27, 115, 130) longifolia (13 :115, 130) Begonia 16 : 142, 182, 194, 204, 214, 228, 285 monophylla 15:79, 80 unifolia 15: 79-81. pl. 28, 29 Bellis integrifolia 18 : 209 Berberis trifoliolata 18 : 160, 209 Bergia texana 19; 195, 200, 218 191, 18:209, 212. 167 Berlandiera texana 18:175, 209 tomentosa dealbata 18 : 209 Bernardia myricaefolia 18 : 148, 190, 209, 219, 221 Beschorneria multiflora (18 : 65) tubiflora 18:71 Betula 17:41 lutea 15:45, 48, 53, yy Set ey pe bs Beet se Sy 8) nigra 19:172, 183, 184, 187, 188, 192-194, 198, 242 papyrifera 15: 48, 65 Bidens Beckii 19 : 193, 228 bipinnata 19: 184, 190, 228 cernua 19:185, 189, 228 65, 70. chrysanthemoides 15 : 65, (18 :209). 19:189, 230 connata 15:42, 65. 19:189, 196, 230 frondosa 15:53, 54, 65. 18: 175, 209, 19: 2380 laevis 18: 175, 209 Bifora americana 18 :171, 209 Bigelovia nudata virgata 18 : 209 Bignonia capreolata 15:61, 65 Bixa 16:178, 181, 200, 211, 215, 218 Blastemanthus 16: 182, 192 Blastophaga 19: 27-29, pl. 8. f. 7 Blephilia ciliata 19:162, 166, 171, 238 hirsuta 19: 171, 184, 185, 238 Boehmeria cylindrica 15:53, 65. 19 :191, 240 Boerhavia diffusa (18 : 209) hirsuta 18 : 147, 209 linearifolia 18 :147, 188, 209 viscosa 18 : 209 Bolivaria Grisebachii 209) Boltonia asteroides 19: 230 decurrens 19: 230 Bombus 16: 218, 220-225, 228-230, 233 carbonarius 16 : 225 cayennensis 16 : 220, 229 chilensis 16 : 225 senex 16: 231 violaceus 16 : 222 Bonapartea rigida (19 : 278) Borago 16: 190, 227 officinalis 16 : 219 Borrichia arborescens 15 : 64 Botrychium lunaria 18 :111 ternatum 15 : 65 virginianum 15: 49, 65. 19: 162, 171, 250 Botrytis 11:63. 16:149, 151 cinerea 16: 150 (18s 3 143, 168 Bouchetia anomala 18:144, 184, 209 de curtipendula 18: 151, 198, 209 hirsuta 18 : 156, 198, 209 racemosa 19:166, 246 texana 18:156, 198, 209 Brachyotum 16 : 233 Benthamianum 16 : 233 ledifolium 16 : 232 Brackenridgea 16 :182, 192 Bradburia hirtella 18 : 209 Brasavola glauca 18 : 42 Brasenia peltata 15:52, 65. 18 : 209 Brassica 16 : 121 alba 19: 200, 202, 216 campestris 19: 216 nigra 19: 200, 202, 216 oleracea 16:121, 149 acephala 16: 122 — botrytis 16 : 122, 125, 126, 134, 149. pl. 22-34 rapa 16: 122 Brazoria scutellarioides 18 : 187, 209 truncata 18: 209 Breweria aquatica 18 : 209, 211 Pickeringii 18 : 209, 211 Brickellia cylindracea 18 : 175, 209 dentata 18:175, (209), 210 Riddellii 18 : 175, 209, 210 Briza 16:48 caroliniana (16:48) Eragrostis (16:49) virens (16 : 49) Bromelia 18 : 37 Pinguin 18 : 37, 38 Bromus 16 : 52 ciliatus 16:52 secalinus 19:181, 182, 197, 202, 246 Bruchus obsoletus 12 : 87 Brunella vulgaris 19:162, 168, 174, 180, 185, 190, 238 Buchloe dactyloides 18:151, 198, 209 Buchnera americana parviflora 18 : 209 elongata 18 : 209 Buddleia racemosa 18:145, 182, 209 Bulgaria polymorpha 17 : 52 Bumelia lanuginosa 18:181, 209 Bunium Bulbocastanum 18 ;: 87 Buprestis 16 : 232 Burchellia capensis 14: 216 Bursera Simaruba 19: 25 Cabomba caroliniana 15 : 56, 65 a MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Cacalia atriplictfolia 19: 162, 230 reniformis 19 : 230 tuberosa 19: 166, 230 Cactus (16:58) lanatus (16 : 65) Cajophora lateritia 16: 219 Calectasia 16: 182, 185 Callicarpa americana 18 : 186, 209 digitata 18 : 209 Callirrhoe involucrata 18 : 209 pedata 18:161, 209 Callitriche deflexa 19: 173, 226 Calluna vulgaris 11:39 Calophanes linearis 18:146, 153, 186, 209, 212 Caltha palustris 15 :42, 65 Calymmandra candida (18 : 209, 213) Camassia angusta 18:149, 209, 220 Fraseri 18 : 149, 195, 209, 218. 19 : 162, 166, 242 —angusta (18:149, 209) Camelina sativa 19: 201, 216 Campanula americana 19: 180, 234 aparinoides 15: 42, 65 coloradoense (18: 142, 209) Camptosorus rhizophyllus 19 : 250 Campulosus aromaticus 16:55 Canna 20:13 Cannabis sativa 19 : 201, 203, 240 Caprifolium (14: 28-31, 37, 144, 164, 166, 222) acuminatum Loureiroi (14:149, 150, 222) normale (14:150, 222) —oxylepis (14:149, 150, 222) adenocarpum (14:188, 222) albiflorum (14:178, 222) alpigenum (14:105, 222) alpinum (14:105, 222) Altmannii (14:87, 222) americanum (14: 220, 222) Amherstii (14:95, 108, 222) angustifolium (14:45, 222) arboreum (14:132, 133, 215, 222) asperifolium (14: 92, 222) atropurpureum (14:192, 222) Aucheri (14: 80, 222) balearicum (14: 187, 222) biflorum (14: 157, 222) Borbasianum (14:71, 222) Bowenei (14:162, 222) Austini 195, 195, INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. 169 Caprifolium brachypodum (14:162, 222) bracteolare (14:90, 222) practeosum (14:180, 222) Brandtii (14: 121, 222) Bungeanum (14: 62, 63, 222) californicum (14:178, 222) caucasicum (14:118, 222) cerasinum (14:74, 222) Chamissoi (14:117, 222) chinense (14:161, 222) chrysanthum (14:140, 222) ciliatum (14:64, 222) ciliosum (14:171, 222 coerulescens (14: 207, 222) coeruieum (14:68, 222) confusum (14: 156, 222) conjugiale (14:115, 222) cristatum (14: 215, 222) cyrenaicum (14: 196, 222) decipiens (14:124, 222) dentatum (14:180, 222) dimorphum (14:195, 222) dioicum (14:180, 222) distinctum (14:198, 222) Douglasii (14 :181, 211, 222) dumetorum (14:187, 222) dumosum (14:179, 222) Elisae (14:96, 222) etruscum (14:195, 222) Ferdinandi (14: 78, 222) flavescens (14:100, 222) flavum (14: 168, 183, 195, 222) novum (14: 168, 222) flexuosum (14:162, 222) floribundum (14:131, 222) fragrantissimum (14: 82, 222) Fraseri (14: 183, 222) fuchsioides (14 : 148, 222) germanicum (14:189, 198, 199, 222) gibbiflorum (14: 220, 222) giganteum (14: 196, 222) glabratum (14: 148, 222) glaucum (14:180, 222) Glehnii (14: 107, 222) glutinosum (14:107, 222) gracilipes (14:65, 222) gratum (14:191, 193, 222) gynochlamydeum (14 : 75, 222) Hallianum (14:161, 222) hellenicum (14: 108, 222) Hemsleyanum (14: 112, 222) Henryi (14 :148, 222) heterophyllum (14:109, 222) hirsutum (14:181, 222) hispidulum (14:177, 222) ecalifornicum (14: 178, 222) hispidum (14: 93, 222) Caprifolium hortense (14:189, 222) humile (14:77, 222) hypoglaucum (14:158, 222) hypoleucum (14: 80, 222) ibericum (14:79, 223) implexum (14: 186, 223) indicum (14: 214, 223) interruptum (14:176, 223) involucratum (14:99, 223) italicum (14:189, 223) —- album (14:190, 223) perfoliatum praecox (14:190, 223) rubrum (14:191, 223) japonicum (14:154, 160, 223) subverticillare (14:163, 223) javanicum (14: 157, 223) Karelinii (14: 110, 223) latifolium (14 : 220, 223) Ledebourii (14:100, 2238) leianthum (14:163, 223) Leschenaultii (14: 155, 223) ligustrinum (14:76, 223) linderifolium (14:68, 223) longiflorum (14:162, 223) Loureirii (14:149, 223) Maackii (14:141, 223) macranthum (14:154, 223) Magnevilleae (14: 220, 223) Maximowiczii (14:116, 223) mexicanum (14:65, 223) micranthum (14: 130, 223) microphyllum (14: 62, 63, 223) mollissimum (14:158, 223) Morrowii (14:136, 223) nepalense (14: 220, 223) nervosum (14:121, 223) nigrum (14:122, 223) Niguarilli (14: 82, 223) Nummularia (14:132, 223) nummulariifolium (14 : 132, 223) oblongifolium (14:102, 169, 2237 obovatum (14:56, 223) occidentale (14: 171, 223) Olgae (14:90, 223) orientale (14:117, 223) ovatum (14: 149, 215, 223) pallidum (14: 189, 223) paniculatum (14: 215, 223) parviflorum (14: 180, 223) parvifolium (14: 44, 223) perfoliatum (14:189, 223) genuinum (14:191, 223) pallidum (14: 189, 223) Periclymenum (14:194, 198, 223) 170 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. ' Caprifolium phyllocarpum (14: 83, 223) pileatum (14:76, 223) pilosum (14:171, 182, 223) praecox (14:96, 223) proliferum (14:182, 223) pubescens (14: 181, 223) puniceum (14:127, 209, 223) purpurascens (14:56, 223) pyrenaicum (14:97, 223) quercifolium (14: 200, 223) quinqueloculare (14: 143, 223) ramosissimum (14: 55, 223) reclinatum (14: 215, 223) reflexum (14:180, 223) reticulatum (14:157, 223) roseum (14:122, 223) rotundifolium (14:189, 223) rubrum (14: 221, 223) rupestre (14:182, 223) rupicolum (14:46, 223) Ruprechtianum (14:136, 223) scarlatinum (14: 215, 223) Schmitzianum (14:;118, 223) Segreziense (14: 208, 223) Semenovii (14:92, 223) semperflorens (14:199, 223) sempervirens (14: 168, 223) sericeum (14: 215, 223) serotinum (14:199, 223) Simile (14: 155, 223) spinosum (14:48, 223) splendidum (14: 82, 194, 223) ' Stabianum (14:193, 223) Standishii (14:82, 223) Subspicatum (14:175, 223) Sullivantii (14:182, 223) sumatranum (14:149, 223) Sylvaticum (14:198, 223) Syringanthum (14: 46, 223) Tanguticum (14:59, 223) tataricum (14:126, 223) tatarinovii (14:116, 223) tenuiflorum (14: 87, 223) Thomsoni (14: 92, 223) tomentellum (14:45, 223) tragophyllum (14:193, 223) Tschonoskii (14:121, 2238) turcomanicum (14:1382, 223) uniflorum (14:65, 223) utahense (14: 64, 223) Valentinum (14:188, 223) venulosum (14:71, 223) Vidalii (14:112, 223) viticifolilum (14:215, 223) vulgare (14:189, 223) Xylosteum (14:1387, 223) Capsella Bursa-pastoris 16: 122. 19 :164, 173-175, 177, 178, Capsella Bursa-pastoris 181, 184-187, 189, 190, 192, 195, 107, 198, 216 Capsicum 17 : 133-145 annuum 17 :1383, 134, 151 annuum abbreviatum 17 : 138, 139 —— acuminatum 17 : 138, 139 cerasiforme 17 : 138, 139 grossum 17 : 136, 137, 138, 139, 145 longum 17 : 138, 139 baccatum 18: 145, 184, 209 grossum 17 :1383 Cardamine hirsuta 16:121. 19: 216 laciniata 16 :121 rhomboidea 19: 193, 216 Cardinalis cardinalis 20: 64 Cardiospermum Halicacabum 19 :189, 220 Carex 19: 162, 170, 173, 183 cephalophora 19 : 244 conjuncta 19:185, 244 Crus-Corvi 19 : 246 Davisii 19:198, 246 granularis 19:185, 192, 198, 246 gravida 19: 246 grisea 19:174, 246 Jamesii 19: 246 laxiflora 19: 174, 192, 198, 246 latifolia 19: 162, 170, 246 lupulina 19:174, 246 microdonta 18: 150, 209 Miliaris 15:47, 65, 69. pl. 6. f.. 2 monile 19:185, 246 Oligocarpa 19: 165, 246 pennsylvanica 19 : 246 riparia 19: 174, 246 Roemeriana (18 : 209) scaberrima 18 : 150, 209 Shortiana 19:198, 246 sparganioides 19 : 246 squarrosa 19 : 246 straminea 19: 246 tetrastachya 18: 150, 209 tribuloides 19: 246 cristata 19: 246 vulpinoidea 19 : 246 Carica Papaya 17: 143 Carpinus caroliniana 17:44, 53. 19 : 172, 198, 242 Cartonema 16: 182, 183 Carya alba 19: 161, 164, 242 amara 19:170, 186, 192, 198, 242 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. olivaeformis 19: 170, 186, 192, 198, 242 Pecan 18 : 193, 209, 215 porcina 19: 164 odorata 19 :161, 242 tomentosa 19: 161, 164, 242 Cassandra calyculata 15:41, 43, 46, 65, 69. pl. 5, 6 Cassia 16:167, 182, 186, 188, 189, 198, 204, 219, 221-228, 225, 236, 241, 244 aculeata 16 : 224 alata 16 ;: 224 bacillurus 16 : 224 pauhinioides 18 : 209 bicapsularis 16 : 225 Chamaecrista 16:221, 222. 19 :175, 180, 190, 191, 195, 220 cinerea 18: 209 Closiana 16 : 225 glauca 16 : 223 Hoffmansegii 16 : 225 Horsfeldii 16 : 223 laevigata 16:222 . Lindheimeriana 18 : 166, 209 marilandica 19:171, 180, 192, 220 marylandica 16 : 222 multijuja 16 : 224 nictitans 19: 171, 220 obtusifolia 16 : 225 pumilis 18 : 209 Roemeriana 18: 166, 209 sophera 16: 224 splendida 16: 225 Castilleia indivisa 18 : 185, 209 purpurea 18:145, 153, 209 Catalpa specioza 17 : 43, 47 Ceanothus americanus 19:161, 169, 170, 179, 220 ovalis (18: 209) ovatus 18 :163, 209 Celastrus scandens 19:176, 179, 220. 20: 116-122 Celtis Berlandieri 18 : 192, 209 Helleri (18 : 192, 209) Lindheimeri (18 : 209) mississippiensis 15:61, 65. 18 :192, 198, 209. 19: 240 occidentalis 19: 172, 192, 198, 240 pallida 18:192, 209 pumila 19 : 240 reticulata 18: 192, 209 texana (18: 209) Cenchrus 16: 48 carolinianus (16 : 48) 171 Cenchrus tribuloides 16: 48. 18 : 156, 209. 19: 248 Centaurea americana 18 : 175, 209 Cyanus 19: 201 Centauridium Drummondii (18 : 210, 222) Centris 16: 218, 220, 222, 224, 225, 234 discolor 16 : 225 lineolatus 16 : 225 Centradenia floribunda 16 : 233 Cephalanthus occidentalis 15 53, 56, 59, 65, 70. pl. 11. f. J. 19 : 168, 183, 198, 194, 228 Cephalocereus (16:57-59, 61, 62, 69, 70) Cephalosporium 17 : 66, 73, Ts 39S, 108, 113, 114. pl. 4. f. 1, 5, 6. pl. 5. f. 5. ph. 6. ff. S. pl. 11. Tego Cephalostemon 16 : 182 Cephalothecium 17 : 109, 115-117 roseum 17:116, 117. pl. 13. f. 2. pl. 14. f. 1, 2. ph. 15. f. 1, 2. nin 16. f. da, & Cerasus serotina (18 : 210, 219) Cerastium arvense 19 : 190 oblongifolium 218 nutans 19:163, 185, 190, 218 viscosum 19: 163, 175, 216 vulgatum 19 #216 Ceratina 16: 224 Ceratopteris thalictroides 18: HEL OT 115 Ceratophyllum demersum 15: 42, 52, 56, 65 Ceratostoma 17 : 62, 64, 79 piliferum 17 : 62 Ceratostomella 17: 61-64, 67, 68, 73, 74-76, 78-82, 84, 87, 88, 91, 95, 9%, 130, 112, 1138. pl. 3 albocoronata 17 : 63 capillifera 17 : 71, 72, 112, 11é: pts 60 tA ph aie? echinella 17 : 69, 71, 112-114. pt, 3..f 8. pl Gf. 2 exigua 17:75, 76, 78, 104, 112- 45> ple 8. fi Sb pi. 67-487 microspora 17 : 78 minor 17: 74, 75, 112-114. pl. S.f. § pl. 5.7. 6,7 moniliformis 17:78, 112, 113. pl. 8.7. 6. pt. & f. 3, 4 pilifera 15:76. 17:59, 64, 65, 68, 69, 71-73, 75-78, 112, 113, ot. 8.7. 8. pl. £7. 6-7 19 : 190, os se ee ee 172 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Ceratostomella pluriannulata 17:72, 73, 112, 118. 2). 2 2. oe 6.7. 2, 2 Schrenkiana 17:67, 68, 112, 113.. pl. 3. 7. 6. pl. §. f. I-4 Cercis canadensis 15:61, 65, 71, pl. 20. f. 2. 17:44. 19:169, 170, 176, 179, 198, 220 occidentalis 18 : 166, 210 reniformis 18: 210 Cercospora 11:54 Ceresia fluitans 16: 41 Cereus 16 : 57-86 acidus 16: 68, 69 acifer 16:81 acutangulus (16:77) Alamosensis 16 : 66 amecaensis 16:78 andalgalensis 16: 73 Aragoni 16:67 assurgens 16:79 aureus 16:68, 69 azureus 16: 71 Baumannii 16:82, 85, 86. pl. 9. f. 2-5. pl. 12. f. 2 smaragdiflora 16 : 82 bavosus 16:75 Baxaniensis 16:77 Berlandieri 16:80 Blankii 16: 80 Bébckmannii 16 : 76 Bonplandii 16:74, 76, 86. pl. 70,7. 8,4 breviflorus 16 : 67-69, 85. pl. 4. ge 4 Bridgesii 16 : 73 caespitosus 18 : 210 castaneus 18: 210 calcaratus 16: 76 candelabrum 16 : 75 candicans 16: 73 castaneus 16: 68, 69 Cavendishii 16:71 Celsianus 16 : 64, 65, 68, 85. pl. 2 chalybaeus 16:71 chilensis 16: 65, 73 Chiotilla 16 : 66 chloranthus 16: 80 chrysacanthus 16: 70 chrysomallus 16: 61 cinerascens 16: 80 coccineus 16: 78 coerulescens 16:71 columna-Trajani 16 : 62 conglomeratus 16: 81 coniflorus 16 : 76 ctenoides 16 : 80 Cumengei 16 : 75 dasyacanthus 16 : 80 Diguettii (16:77) Donkelaeri 16 : 76 dubius 16: 81 Dumortieri 16 : 66 Dusenii 16: 69 Dussii 16:78 eburneus 16: 67 Ehrenbergii 16 : 80 Emoryi 16: 81 Engelmannii 16: 81 enneacanthus 16 : 80 Eruca 16: 75 erythrocephalus 16:69 euchlorus 16:71 exerens 16: 70 extensus 16:72 fascicularis 16:73 Fendleri 16: 81 flagelliformis 16: 76, 82, 83. flagriformis 16 : 82 Forbesii 16 : 71 fulviceps 16: 64 geometrizans 16:57, 63 giganteus 16:64, 65 glycimorphus 16: 80 Gonzalezii 16 : 79 grandiflorus 16:76, 77 Greggii 16:77 gummosus 16: 75 hamatus 16:76, 86. pl. 11. f. 4, 6 Hankeanus 16:71 Hermentianus 16:70 Hildmannianus 16:71 Hirschtianus 16 : 75 hondurensis 16:76 Hoppensteatii 16 : 70 Houlletii 16:70, 85. pl. 4. f. 3, 4 Huascha 16: 73 rubiflora 16:73 hyalacanthus 16 : 82 hypogaeus 16: 69 inermis 16:76 iquiquensis 16:69 Jamacaru 16:71, 85. pl. 7. 7. 2-4 Jusberti 16:74 Kerberi 16:83 Knippelianus 16:79 Kunthianus 16: 76 lamprochlorus 16:73 lamprospermus 16:71, 73 lanatus 16:65 laniceps 16: 82 lanuginosus 16:70, 85. pl. §. ns INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. 173 Cereus Leeanus 16: 81 Lemairei 16 : 72 leonensis 16 : 80 lepidotus 16:71 leptacanthus 16 : 80 leptophis 16: 82 longisetus 16: 80 MacDonaldiae 16:76, 77. 19: 281 macrocephalus 16 : 62 macrogonus 16:73 macrostibas 16 : 68, 69 marginatus 16 : 66 maritimus 16:81 Martianus 16:76, 82, 86. pl. 12 f. 1 Martinii 16:74, 86. pl. 10. f. i, 2 melanotrichus 16: 69 Melocactus 16 : 62 Merkeri 16:81 miravallensis 16 : 76 mojavensis 16: 81 multangularis 16:75 . Napoleonis 16:72 nesioticus 16:75 Neumanni 16:75 nigripilis 16:73 nycticalus 16: 76 obtusangulus 16: 83 ocamponis 16: 72 octacanthus 18: 210 Orcuttii 16:64 pachyrhizus 16:71 papillosus 16 : 80 paraguayensis 16:71 parviflorus 16 : 82 Pasacana 16:73 patagonicus 16:69 paucispinus 16: 81 Paxtonianus 16:71 pecten aboriginum 16: 64 pectinatus 16 : 80 peruvianus 16:71 phatnospermus 16:71 phoeniceus 16: 81 Pitahaya 16:71, 85. pl. 7. f. 1 polyacanthus 16 : 81 pomanensis 16:74, 85. pl. 7. fy o8 Cereus queretaroensis 16 : 75 repandus 16: 74 resupinatus 16 : 67 Roemeri 16:81. 18: 210 Roetteri 16 : 80 Royeni (16:70, 85) Royenii (16. pl. 4. f. 2) Salm-Dyckianus 16: 80 Scheeri 16: 80 Schottii 16 :62, 63, 85. pl. 8.f. 4-8 Schrankii 16 : 78 scoparius 16: 63 senilis 16 : 62, 70 serpentinus 16:75, 86. pl. 11. f. 1-8 setaceus 16:72, 76 sonorensis 16: 66, 85. pl. 3. f. 5 Spachianus 16:73, 85. pl. 8. f. cee speciosus 16:78 Spegazzinii 16: 71 spinulosus 16: 76 stellatus 16:66, 67, 85. pl. 3. f. 1-4 stenogonus 16:71 stenopterus 16:72 stramineus 16: 81 striatus 16:77 strictus 16:70, 85. pl. 4. f. 2 strigosus 16:73, 85. pl. 8 f. 1 subinermis 16: 79 tephracanthus 16:74 tetragonus 16:71 thelegonus 16: 73 Thurberi 16: 64, 65 Tonduzii 16:79 tortuosus 16:74, 85. pl. 9. f. 1 triangularis 16: 72 trigonus 16:72 costaricensis 16 : 72 tuberosus 16:79 Ulei 16:70 Urbanianus 16:63 validus 16:71, 85. pl. 5, 6. variabilis (16:77). (18: 210) viridiflorus 16: 80 Weingartianus 16:79 Wittii 16:78 xanthocarpus 16:71. Ceropegia Woodii 16: 26 Poselgerianus 16 : 80 Ceryle alcyon 20:76 princeps (16:77). 18 +210 Cespedesia 16: 178, 180 Pringlei 16: 64, 85, pl. 1 Chaerophyllum dasycarpum 18: procumbens 16:80. 18: 210 210 pruinosus 16 : 67 procumbens 19 :173, 179, 184- pterogonus 16:73 186, 190, 226 pulchellus 16 : 79 Teinturieri 18 : 210 174 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Chaetochloa caudata 18 : 198 glauca 18 : 198, 210 polystachya 18:151, 210, 220 setosa 18 :198, 210 Chaetomium 17 : 81, 84, 104 cuniculorum 17: 81 Chaetopappus asteroides 18 : 210 Chaetura pelagica 20: 47 Chamaecerasus (14: 28, 29, 30-33, 37, 39, 40, 41, 144, 203, 223) Alberti (14:48, 223) alpigena (14: 105, 223) — nana (14:106, 223) ciliata (14:130, 223) coerulea (14:68, 223) dumetorum (14:1387, 224) flavescens (14: 214, 224) fruticosa (14:215, 224) iberica (14:79, 224) Ledebourii (14: 100, 224) Niaguarilli (14282, 224) nigra (14:122, 224) pyrenaica (14:97, 224) Standishii (14:82, 224) tatarica (14:126, 224) Xylosteum (14:1387, 224) Chamaesaracha conioides 18 : 145, 184, 210 Coronopus 18:145, 153, 184, 210 Chaptalia nutans 18: 210, 215 Chara contraria 18 : 157, 210 hispidula 18: 157, 210 —— Lindheimeri (18: 158, 210) —robusta (18 :157, 210) flexilis 18 : 210 ms foetida 18: 158, 210 fymnopus conjugens 18: 158, 210 — Humboldtii 18:158, 210 Humboldtii (18 : 210) intermedia 18:157, 210 Lindheimeri (18:157, 210) polyphylla (18 : 210) conjugens (18:158, 210) Humbolatii (18 : 158, 210) —— Muhlenbergii (18 : 158, 210) sejuncta brevibracteata 18: 210 longibracteata 18: 210 tenuissima 18 : 210 Charmosyna 16: 218 Cheilanthes lanosa 20: 140 lanuginosa 19:178, 250 Lindheimeri 18:;157, 210 Cheilanthes tomentosa 18: 157, 210° Cheiranthera 16:182, 188, 200;. 204, 212, 215 Cheiranthus Cheiri 17 :144 Chelidonium majus 19: 201 Chenopodium album 15:51, 665.. 19 : 184 ambrosioides 19:185, 190, 238: ——anthelminticum 19 :185,, 188, 190, 238 Berlandieri 18:189, 210 hybridum 18:147, 210, 238. murale 19: 240 Chimaphila 16:177 Chiococca alba 14: 216, 224 Chiogenes serpyllifolia 15 : 46, 49,. 65 Chironia 16: 196 Chlamydocarpus (14:30, 78, 224) Chloris 16:47 petraea 16:47 verticillata aristulata 18 : 156,. 210 Chlorostilbon auriventris 16 : 225 Chlorotylium mamillosum 19: 196. Chordaria 16: 159 divaricata 16:157, 159 flagelliformis 16: 157 Chordeiles virginianus 20:77 Chrysactinia mexicana 18: 176,. 210 Chrysanthemum 16:13, 30. 17: 19, 28. 18:20. 19:16. 20:3: 18, 15, #2, 22, 88 Leucanthemum 15 : 47. 19 : 202, 230 Chrysopogon avenaceus 18: 157,. 198, 208, 210 Chrysopsis Berlandieri (18 : 175.,. 210) canescens (18 : 210) graminifolia 18 : 210 hispida stenophylla (18 : 210) pilosa 18 : 210 villosa 19: 199, 230 canescens 18: 175, 210 stenophylla 18: 210 Cichorium Intybus 19: 200-203,. 230 Cicuta bulbifera 15:42, 45, 66 maculata 18: 210. 19 : 183,. 226 Cimicifuga racemosa 18: 216 Cinna glomerata (15:33). 16 : 33,. (33) lateralis 15:33, (33) Circaea lutetiana 19:173, 226 Cirsium virginianum (18: 210) INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. 175. Cissus Ampelopsis 18:164, 210. 19 : 172, 184, 198, 220 incisa 18: 164, 210 stans 18:164, 210, 222. 19% 185, 220 Citrullus ovifera 19: 201, 226 vulgaris 19 : 201, 226 Cladonia 15: 62 fimbriata 19 :178 pyxidata 19:171 rangiferina 15:47 Cladophora glomerata 19:172, 187 Cladosporium (17 :100, 114. pl. 10. fe) herbarum 17 :100 humifaciens 11: 61 Claudopus nidulans 13:73, 75, 77. pl. 27 Clavigera dentata (18:175, 209, 210) Riddellii (18 : 209, 210) Claytonia virginica 19: 169-171, 178,72 163 179, 192.5258 Cleistocactus (16:57, 61, 81, 82, SG: -S6. ph 9. To 8-6, Apts 18: f. 2) Clematis coccinea 18:160, 210 crispa 18:210. 19:199, 201, 216 eylindrica (18 : 210) Drummondii 18 : 160, 210 Pitcheri 18:160, 210. 19: 216 reticulata 18 : 210 virginiana 19: 184, 198, 216 Cleome integrifolia 19:199, 201 Cleomella mexicana 18: 210 Clerodendron 14:215, 224 serratum 14: 215, 224 Clethra 16:177 Climacium dendroides 15:49, 65 Clintonia borealis 15:49, 66 Clistoyucca 13: 29, 41-438, 1238, 124, 130 arborescens 13:41, 103, 121, 122, 126, 129, 130. pl. 6, 7, 86: 7. 10. pl. 8%. 7. 1. pl. 88 Clutia Cascarilla (12:46, 73) Cnicus altissimus 19:1638, 230 filipendulus 18:175, 210 arvensis 19:175, 230 discolor 18 : 175, 210 pumilus 19: 174, 175, 199, 230 undulatus megacephalus 18 :175, 210 virginianus 18 : 210 Cnidoscolus stimulosus (18: 210, 215) pyriformis Coccoloba uvifera 15 : 64 Coccolobis laurifolia 19 : 25 Cocculus carolinianus 18 : 210 Coccyzus americanus 20: 44 erythrophthalmus 20:45 Cochliostema 16:1838, 184, 226, 235 Cochlospermum insigne 16 : 234 Coeloxylosteum (14: 32, 33, 39, 49, 124, 203, 205, 224) Cohnia 13: 28, 130 Coix 16:54 lacryma 16: 54 Colaptes auratus lutens 20: 46 Colinus virginiantus 20: 42 Colletotrichum 16: 153-156 agaves 16:154-156. pl. 35-37 lagenarium 12: 87 Collomia grandiflora 17:151 Colocasia undulata 17 : 132 Colubrina stricta 18 :163, 210 texensis 18:163, 210 Comandra umbellata 19: 164, 197, 240 Commelina angustifolia 18 : 156, 210 communis 19:181, 212, 214, 244 virginica 18:155, 210. 19: 167, 181, 244 Conanthera 16 :182, 186 bifolia 16 : 219 Condalia lycioides 48:1638, 210, 223 obovata 18: 163, 211 obtusifolia 18: 163, 211, 223 Conobea multifida 18:185, 211. 19 :187, 236 Conocarpus erectus 15: 64 Conocephalus conicus 15:42, 49, 66 Contopus virens 20: 49 Convallaria 17 :129, 131 multiflora 17: 129 Convolvulus aquaticus (18 : 209, 211) arvensis 19: 234 fraterniflorus 16 : 104 incanus 18: 144, 184, 211 lobatus (18 : 211) Pickeringii (18: 209, 211) sagittifolius 18: 144, 211 Sepium 19:184, 185, 191, 198, 234, ‘258. pl. 14 fraterniflorus (16 : 104) sinuatus (18 :144, 211) Cooperia Drummondii 18: 155, 195, 211 pedunculata 18 :150, 211 eae 176 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Copernicia 16 : 163 Coprinus stercorarius 11 : 47 Coptis trifolia 15:49, 66 Cordyline 13: 27, 28, 130 foliis pungentibus (13:72, 89, 130) Coremium 17: 106 Coreopsis aristosa 19:183, 185, 189 — mutica 19: 183, 185, 187, 189, 230 cardaminefolia 18:175, 211 Drummondii 18 : 211 palmata 19:178, 230 tinctoria 183211. 19 : 201, 230 tripteris 19:173, 182, 230 Coriandrum sativum 19: 201, 202, 226 Cornucopiae 16 : 38 altissima 16: 39 hyemalis 16:38 perennans 16:38, (39) Cornus asperifolia 15:58, 66. 18: 172, 211, °20-: 161, 176, 198, 226 canadensis 15:49, 66 circinata 15:41, 66 Deickii (14: 215, 224) florida 17:44, 19:161, 226 paniculata 15:61, 66. 19:198, 226 sericea 19 : 226 stolonifera 15:41, 66 Corvus brachyrhynchos 20:52 Corydalis aurea 19:182, 195, 216 cava 18:87 curvisiliqua 18:160, 211 Corylus americana 19:198, 242 Cosmidium filifolium (18: 211, 221) Costaea 16:177 Cotylanthera 16:182, 196, 214 Crassula arborescens 17 :127 Crataegus 19: 35-126, 186, 192 acutifolia 19:43, 70, 224 albanthera 19:41, 53 angusta 19:75, 77 aperta 19:90, 96 apiifolia 19 : 126 . arborescens 19: 85 aspera 19:90, 94 atrorubens 19:84, 88, 224 barbata 19: 42 barrettiana 19:40, 50 brachypoda 19:90, 100, bracteata 19:89, 91 calliantha 19: 89, 93 callicarpa 19:90, 96 Crataegus candens 19:41, 55 coccinea mollis (18 : 211). coccinioides 19:38, 110 collina 19:36 consueta 19: 43, 67 cordata 19:37, 114 Dawsoniana 19: 38, 84, 88 declivitatis 19:102, 103, 224 decorata 19: 90, 94 discolor 19:39 dispessa 19:103, 110 dumetosa 19: 103, 109 efferta 19:40, 51 Engelmanni 19: 42, 62, 224 ensifera 19:115, 124 erecta 19:43, 72, 224 fecunda 19:38, 40, 48, 224 ferox 19:41, 52 furcata 19:84, 86 globosa 19:115, 118 hamata 19:40, 46 hertiflora 19:76, 82 hirtella 19:42, 62 hispidula 19:115, 116 incaedua 19: 76, 82 infesta 19:40, 45 insignis 19:48, 72, 224 insperata 19:115, 123 jasperensis 19; 42, 61 Kelloggii 19: 103, 110 lanceolata 19:84, 86, 224 lanigera 19:103, 107, 224 lanuginosa 19:103, 110 larga 19: 84, 85, 224 lasiantha 19: 102, 105 leioclada 19:111, 113 leptophylla 19: 438, 69 Lettermani 19:76, 83 locuples 19:90, 97 ludoviciensis 19:84, 88, 224 Mackenzii 19:90, 98 macrophylla 19:102, 104, 224 macropoda 19: 76, 80 magnifolia 19:90, 94 Margaretta 19:37, 111 missouriensis 19:115, 117 mitis 19: 84, 88, 224 mollicula 19 :115, 123 mollis 18:211. 19:37, 102, 103 mollita 19:115, 121 monosperma 19:41, 56 munita 19: 438, 73 Neo-Bushii 19: 111 nitida 19:38, 84, 87, 224 obscura 19: 115, 119 ovata 19: 84, 86, 224 pachyphylla 19: 41, 54 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. 177 Crataegus padifolia 19: 111, 112 Palmeri 19:41, 59 parciflora 19:42, 60 patrum 19:90, 95, 224 permera 19: 42, 65 pertomentosa 19:115, 125 pilifera 19 : 42, 64 pudens 19:115, 122 punctata 19:36 pyriformis (19:110) rigida 19:90, 99 rotunda 19:41, 59 rubicundula 19: 89, 92, 224 rubrifolia 19:42, 66 rubrisepala 19 : 43, 70 rudis 19: 43, 71 rupicola 19:115, 121 secta 19:76, 83 setosa 19:43, 73 severa 19:47 sicca 19:90, 101 sordida 19:75, 76 speciosa 19:110 spinulosa 19:115, 120 strongylophylla 19:39, 44 succincta 19:38, 76, 78 sucida 19:76, 80 tantula 19:40, 49 tardiflora 19:40, 47 tenuis 19:40, 48 tenuisepala 19 : 43, 68 tenuispina 19:41, 58, 59 tomentosa 19:38, 115, 116 Treleasei 19: 103, 108 trianthophora 19: 114 truncata 19:41, 57 umbrosa 19:102, 106, 224 vallicola 19:43, 74, 224 verruculosa 19:75, 76 vicina 19:76, 77 villicarpa 19:111, 112 villiflora 19: 42, 65 viridis 15:53, 66. 19:36, 84, 85, (87) nitida (19: 87) Crepis biennis fasciata 17 : 149 Crinodendron 16: 180 Cristatella erosa 18: 211 Crotalaria sagittalis 19: 166, 190, 220 Croton 12: 33-73. 16:231 alabamensis 12:36, 38, Ras. Peicg argyranthemus 12: 36, (62) 10,075... Db. 6. 20S tou balsamiferus (12:40, 41, 73) Berlandieri 12:36, 40, (41), (56), 70, 73. pl. 6 12 Croton betulinus 12:36, 48, 71, 73. pl. 14 californicus 12:37, (63), 71, (3. pt, 26 longipes 12:37, 65, 66, 71, 78. pt. 2%. f. 28-8 — major 12:63, 73 — mohavensis 12 : 37, 65, 73 tenuis 12:37, 64, 66, 71, Coe pla Bt. fed capitatus 12:37, 53, 71, 73. pl. 18 18:211, 218. 19: 174, 195, 197, 240 Lindheimeri (12:54, 73) Cascarilla (12:46, 48, 73) chamaedryfolius 12:49, 73 Cortesianus 12: 36, 45, 70, 73, ph. 11 corymbulosus 12:37, 58, 59, 71, 78. pl. 83 disjunctiflorus (12:61, 73) Elliottii 12:37, 56, 71, 73. pl. 21 ellipticus (12:56, 59, 60, 73) Engelmanni 12: 37, 54, 71, 73. pt. 19 albinoides 12:37, 55, 73 eutrigynus (12:59, 73) flavens 12: 41, 73 floridanus 12:36, 50, 71, 73. pl. 15 fruticulosus 12 : 36, 41, 70, 73. ph. 7. 18:148, 211 frutescens 18:190, 211 fuscescens 12: 42 —pallescens 12:41. (18: 148, 211) glandulosus 12:36, (51), 71, 73. pl. 16. 19: 240 —-angustifolius 12:36, 53 71-18. ph 16-f,.ee 18%: 217; 213 crenatifolius 12:36, 52, 73: —Lindheimeri 12:36, 50, 71,73. pt. 16.7.8. 183164, 211 ’ scordioides 12:52, 73 septentrionalis 12 : 36, 51, 71, 78: pl. £7. 183154, 211 ——Shorti 12:36, 650, 71, 73. Ol lee tek Simpsoni 12:36, 51, 73 gracilis 12:67, 73 hippophaeoides (12: 46, 73) humilis (12:40, 41, 73) 178 Croton leucophyllus 12: 387, 78. pl. 22 trisepalis 12:37, 57, 73 Lindheimeri (12: 54, 73) 67, 71, Lindheimerianus 12 : 37, (58), 59, 71, 73. pl 24. 183 148, 211 linearis 12:36, 46, 47, 48, 71, 78. pl. 18, 18 longipes (12:65, 73) maritimus (12:61, 73) Miquelensis 12: 36, 49, 73 monanthogynus 12:35, 37, (56), 59, 60, 73. 18:148, 154, 211. 19:197, 240 Muelleri 12: 37, 56, 71, 73. pl. 20 muricatus (12: 67, 73) neo-meéxicanus 12:37, 66, 71, 73. pl. 28 pallescens 12: 41 Plukenetii (12:61, 73) Pringlei (12:42, 73) procumbens (12:63, 66, 73) punctatus 12:37, (39), 61, (62), 71, 73. pl. 25 sonorae 12:36, 42, (42), 70, 73. pl. 8 suaveolens 12:36, 43, 44, 70, 73. pl. 9 —— oblongifolium (12 : 44, 73) tenuis 12: (64), 66, 73 texensis 12:34, 37, 67, 70-73, pl. 29-30. 18:3:190, 211, 214 tomentosus (12:60, 73) Torreyanus 12:36, 44, 70, 73. pl. 10 trichocarpum (12: 45, 73) virens 12 : 37, 69, (69), 70, 72, 73. pl. 31 Crusea tricocca 18 :172, 211, 212 Cryptotaenia canadensis 19: 190, 226 Ctenium americanum (16:56) Cucumis sativus 17 :133 Cucurbita foetidissima 18: 170, as, GLb Pepo 17:133. 18:170, 211 perennis (18:170, 211) texana 18: 170, 211 Cunila Mariana 19:165, 238 Cuphea viscosissima 19 : 226 Cuscuta 19:185 ‘arvensis 19: 234 calycina 18 : 211 verrucosa (18 :144, 211) chlorocarpa 19 : 236 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Cuscuta compacta 18 : 211, 236 cuspidata 18 : 211 decora pulcherrima 18: 144, 211 exaltata 18: 144, 211 gZlomerata 18 :184, 211, 236 Gronovii 19 : 236 hispidula 18 : 144, 184, 211 neuropetala littoralis (18 : 211) minor (18 : 211) pentagona 18: 144, 211 calycina (18 : 211) pulcherrima 18: 144, 184, 211 rostrata 18 ;: 211 verrucosa 18 : 144, 211 Cyanella 16: 182, 186, 227 Cyanocitta cristata 20:51 Cyanospiza cyanea 20: 66 Cybianthus 16: 194 Cycas revoluta 15:16. Cyclamen coum 16: 219 europaeum 16 : 219 persicum 16:219. 18:87 Cyclanthera dissecta 18: 211 Cycloloma platyphyllum 19 : 240 Cylindrothecium Macounii 19: 171 Cyllene robiniae 12: 21 Cynodon dactylon 16: 42, 54 Cynoglossum virginicum 19: 162, 177, 284 Cynosciadium pinnatum pumilum 18 : 211 Cynosurus 16 : 53 indicus (16: 54) uniflorus (16 : 54) Cyperus acuminatus 18:196, 211. 19: 169, 183, 187, 189, 246 aristatus 19: 188, 189, 246 articulatus 18 : 196, 211 16:14 diandrus 19:187, 188, 189, 246 erythrorhizos 19:169, 174, 183, 198, 246 esculentus 18:197, 211. 19 : 246 , filicumis 18: 197, 211. 19: 246 inflexus 18 : 197, 211 Luzulae umbellulatus 18: 211 microdonta 18 :150 Ovularis 18:;211. 19 : 184, 246 Schweinitzii 19: 188, 189, 246 speciosus 18:150, 211. 19 : 188, 189, 246 strigosus 19:188, 189, 246 tetragonus 18: 211 tetrastachya 18: 150 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Cyperus vegetus (18 : 211) Cypheola (14:30, 173, 224) Cyphomandra 16:182, 196, 197, 228 Cypripedium Chamberlainianum 11:20 James K. Polk 11: 20 nitens magnificum 11: 20 pubescens 19:162, 171, 177, 242 Cystoclonium 16:157 Cystopteris bulbifera 15:49, 66. 19 : 250 fragilis 19: 166, 1738, 198, 250 Cystopus candidus 16: 122 Cytonia 16 : 232 Dactylis 16: 44 cynosuroides (16 : 44) glomerata 19:181, 202, 248 maritima (16: 45) Dactyloctenium aegyptium 16 : 56 Daedalea 11 : 26 vorax 11:67, 68 Dahlia 16:13. 17:28. 18:20 Dalea alopecuroides 19:195, 202, 222 aurea 18 : 166, 211 frutescens 18: 166, 211 laxiflora 18 : 166, 211 nana 18: 211 pogonathera 18: 211 Dalibarda repens 15: 42, 49, 66 Danthonia spicata 19:165, 166, 174, 197, 199, 248 Dasylirion 13 : 27, 28, 114, 121, 130 actrotrichum 13: 114, 115,130 aloefolium (13 :103, 105, 130) graminifolium 13: 40, 114, 130 Lindheimerianum (18: 150, ga) longifolium (13 :115, 130) pitcairnifolium (13 :115, 130) serratifollum 13:115, 130. 14:12 texanum 18: 150, 195, 211 Dasystoma calycosa 16:105 virginica 16 : 106 Datura Stramonium 19:175, 188, 189, 190, 191, 236 Tatula 19:174, 175, 182, 184, 188, 189, 190, 191, 236 Daubentonia longifolia (18: 211, 220) Daucosma laciniatum (18: 211, 219) Daucus Carota 19:162, 182, 187, 202, 226 179 Davilla rugosa 16 : 217 Decodon verticillatus 19 : 226 Deianira 16: 196 Delphinium Ajacis 19:200, 202, 216 azureum vimineum 18: 166, rani Consolida 19 : 201 tricorne 19: 162, 166, 169, 172, 1275-296. e20 virescens (18: 211) Dematium 17 : 91 pullulans 17:101 Dendroctonus 15:75 ponderosae 15: 76 Dendroica aestiva 20:68 Dentaria laciniata 19: 190, 216 Desmanthus acuminatus 18 : 166, 211 brachylobus 18 : 211. 222 glandulosa 18 : 211 leptolobus 18: 166, 211 reticulatus 18: 166, 211 velutinus 18:166, 211 Desmarestia 16: 160 Desmodium 19 : 182 acuminatum 19 : 222 canadense 19: 222 canescens 19:190, 195, 222 ciliare 19: 190, 222 cuspidatum 19:163, 189, 190, 19 : 180, v2 Dillenii 19: 167, 188, 189, 190, 222 Lindheimeri 18: 167, 211 marilandicum 19:163, 178, 222 nudiflorum 19 : 222 paniculatum 19: 178, 188, 189, 190, 222 pubens 18:167, 211 rigidum 19: 190, 222 rotundifolium 19: 1638, 222 sessilifolium 19 : 222 Wrightii 18 : 167, 211 Dianella 16 :182, 185 coerulea 16 : 219, 227 Dianthera americana 18:186, 211 humilis 18: 211 Dianthus 17 : 144 Diaperia prolifera (18 : 212, 213) Dicentra Cucullaria 19 : 198, 216 Dichondra repens 18: 152, 184, 212 Dichorisandra 16 :182, 188, 225 Dichromena leucocephala 15 : 62 Dicksonia 18: 113 x apiifolia 18 : 113, 114, 116, 117, 243. 180 Dicliptera brachiata 18 :186, 212 Dicorynia 16 : 182, 189 Dicranum scoparium 15: 49, 66 Dicromena colorata 18 :156, 197, 212 nivea 18 : 156, 197, 212 Dictyosiphon 16: 159 Diervilla floribunda 14: 216, 224 ; Lonicera 14: 216, 224 multiflora (14 : 216, 224) Digitalis purpurea 17: 151. 19 : 206 Digitaria pilosa 16: 44 sanguinalis 16: 44 Dillenia 16:178 Diodia teres 19: 175, 228 tricocca (18 : 211, 212) Diospyros 16 : 201, 204 texana 16:201. 18:142, 181, 212 virginiana 19:161, 166, 234 Dipholis salicifolia 19 : 25 Diplachne _ fascicularis 248 Dipsacus sylvestris 19: 202, 228 Dipteracanthus ciliosus (18 : 212) Drummondii (18 : 212, 219) Lindheimerianus 18 : 147, (212, 219) linearis (18 : 209, 212) micranthus (18: 212, 219) nudiflorus (18 : 212, 219) Discopleura capillacea 18 : 212 laciniata 18: 171, 177, 212 Nuttallii 19: 180, 226 Distegia (14: 29, 38, 41, 98, 224) “ _Ledebourii (14:101, 224) nutans (14:99, 224) Distemonanthus 16: 182, 189 Distichlis spicata 16 : 48 Dithyraea Wislizeni 18 : 212 Ditrichum pallidum 19:171 Dodecatheon integrifolium 16: 219 Meadia 16 : 219. Dolichos 12:81, 82 Catiang (12 : 146, 164) Lablab 12: 82, 84, 144, (145), 164 sesquipedalis 12:82, 84, 145, (145), 164 sinensis 12 :146, 164 Soia (12: 147, 164) Soja (12 :147, 164) Doryanthes excelsa 18:71 Draba brachycarpa 19:190, 218 caroliniana 19: 190, 199, 218 cuneifolia 18:160, 212. 19 : 166, 177, 218 19 : 189, 19 : 162, 234 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, Draba cuneifolia platycarpa 18 : 212 platycarpa (18 : 212) Dracaena 13 : 27, 28, 130 Ehrenbergii (13 : 94, 130) Fintelmanni (13 : 94, 130) Lennearia (13: 94, 130) Lennei (13: 94, 130) Mandaiana 19: 23 yuccoides (13 : 94, 130) Draconi arbori affinis (13 : 91) Dracopsis amplexicaulis (18 : 212, 219) Drepadenium maritimum (12: 61, 73) Drosera 15:69. pl. 6 brevifolia 18 ; 212 rotundifolia 15:44, 46, 47, 66, 69. pl. 6 Dryopteris patens 18:157, 212 ——macroura 18: 200, 212 Dubouzetia 16:170, 180 Dulichium 16:90 spathaceum 15:45, 66. 19 : 169, 183, 246 Duparquetia 16 :182, 189 Dysodia chrysanthemoides 19 : 230 tagetoides (18 : 212, 215) 200, 208, Eatonia obtusata 18:151, 215. 19:174, 197, 248 pennsylvanica 19:162, 248 Echinacea angustifolia 18:175, 212. 19: 230 purpurea 19 : 163, 230 Echinocactus 16 : 68, 73 Lindheimeri (18 : 212) setispinus 18 : 212 hamatus (18 : 212) Muhlenpforadtii 18 : 212 setaceus (18 : 212) texensis 18 : 212 Echinocereus (16: 57, 61, 79) acifer (16:81) Berlandieri (16 : 80) Blankii (16 : 80) chloranthus (16 : 80) cinerascens (16 : 80) conglomeratus (16: 81) ectenoides (16: 80) dasyacanthus (16 : 80) dubius (16: 81) Ehrenbergii (16: 80) Emoryi (16: 81) Engelmannii (16: 81) enneacanthus (16: 80) 212, INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Echinocereus Fendleri (16 : 81) glycimorphus (16: 80) Knippelianus (16:79). Leeanus (16: 81) Leonensis (16 : 80) leptacanthus (16: 80) longisetus (16: 80) maritimus (16: 81) Merkeri (16: 81) mojavensis (16: 81) papillosus (16: 80) paucispinus (16: 81) pectinatus (16: 80) phoeniceus (16: 81) polyacanthus (16: 81) Poselgerianus (16: 80) procumbens (16: 80) pulchellus (16 : 79) Roemeri (16: 81) Roetteri (16 : 80) Salm-Dyckianus (16 : 80) Scheeri (16: 80) stramineus (16: 81) subinermis (16 : 79) tuberosus (16:79) viridiflorus (16: 80) Echinocystis lobata 19:173, 185, 198, 226 Echinodorus cordifolius 18: 155, 196, 212 radicans 19:195, 244 rostratus 19 : 244 Echinopsis 16:73, 74 cinnabarina 16 : 73 obrepanda 16:73 Pentlandii 16:73 Echinospermum Redowskii cupu- latum (18 : 144, 212) texanum 18 : 144, 212 virginicum 19: 1638, 234 Eclipta alba 19 : 230 Egletes arkansana (18: 208, 212) ramosissima (18 : 208, 212) Ehretia elliptica 18 : 153, 183, 212 Hichornia 16 : 184, 226 azurea 16; 226 Elaeocarpus 16: 178, 179 Hookerianus 16 : 217 Pankinsoni 16: 218 Elaphomyces granulatus 11:39 Elatine texana (18: 209, 212) Eleocharis 15:52, 66. 16:89, 92. 19 : 194 acicularis (18: 212), 19:169, 183, 246 radicans 18 : 212 arenicola (18 : 212) cellulosa 18 :156, 197, 212 181 Eleocharis compressa 19: 246 montana 18 : 212 ovata 19:183, 246 tenuis 19: 184, 246 Elephantopus carolinianus 18 :175, 212. 19:163, 230 Eleusine indica 16:54. 19:181, 202, 248. Ellisia Nyctelea 19:173, 212 Elodea canadensis 15:52, 66. 19 : 242 Elodes campanulata 15 : 47 Elvasia 16 : 180, 182, 192 Elymus 16:54 canadensis 18:151, 212. 19 : 174, 182, 248 carolinianus (16: 54) striatus 18 : 198, 212. 174, 184, 199, 248 virginicus 16:53, 54. 18 : 157, 198, 212. 19: 185, 248 Empetrum nigrum 15: 47, 66 Empidonax Trailii 20 : 50 Encelia calva 18 :176, 212, 220 Engelmannia Nuttalliana (12 : 60) pinnatifida 18: 176, 212 Enslenia albida 19: 184, 234 Eophila 16 : 221 Ephedra antisyphilitica 18: 194, 212 Epicampes distichophylla mutica 18 :156, 198, 212 ligulata 18 : 198, 212 Epigaea repens 15: 47 Epilobium coloratum 15:49, 66. 19 : 196, 226 hirsutum cruciatum 18 : 99 Epiphyllanthus obtusangulus 16:84 Epiphyllum obtusangulum (16 : 83) Epurga Lathyris (11 : 93, 143) pennsylvanica (11:93, 143) Equisetum 18 : 109, 120 arvense 15:42, 66. 19: 248 laevigatum 19:190, 248 limosum 15 : 42, 66 robustum 19: 188, 193, 248 Eragrostis capillaris 16:51 glomerata 16: 50 hirsuta (16: 49) hypnoides 18 : 212, 218 interrupta 18: 156, 157, 212. major 16: 49 nitida 16:50 pilosa 16: 50 Purshii (16 : 50) 19 : 173, si 182 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Eragrostis reptans 19: 174, 183, 185, 188, 189, 248 simplex (16 : 49) trichodes 18: 157, 212 Eranthis hiemalis 18 : 87, 92 Erechtites hieracifolia 19: 164, 230 Erianthus saccharoides 16: 33 Erica Tetralix 11: 39 Erigenia bulbosa 19 : 226 Erigeron annuus 15:53, 66. 19 :177, 184, 189, 199, 230 bellidifolius 19 : 164, 230 canadensis 19:168, 175, 182, 184, 189, 190, 199, 230 glabratum 18 : 212 modestus 18 : 176, 212 philadelphicus 18:176, 212. 19: 190, 199, 230 quercifolius 18 : 176, 212 repens 18: 212 scaposum (18: 212) strigosus 19:184, 189, 190, 230 tenuis 18: 176, 212 Eriocaulon septangulare 11: 150 Eriocereus (16:60, 74, 85, 86. pl. * 7. f. 6-6. pl. 9. f. 1. pl. 10) €riochloa sericea 18 : 151, 198, 212, 218 Eriogonum annuum 18: 147, 189, 212 Lindheimerianum (18: 147, 212) longifolium 18 : 154, 189, 212 plantagineum 18 : 212 multiflorum 18 : 212 nidularium 12: 66, 73 tenellum ramosissimum 18: 158, 212 Eriophorum gracile 15 : 47, 66, 69. pl.6. f. 2 lineatum 19: 1838, 246 Erodium texanum 18: 162, 212 Eryngium aquaticum 18: 212 coronatum (18 : 212) Hookeri 18 : 212 Leavenworthii 18:171, 212 praealtum (18 : 212) Ravenellii 18 : 212 virginicum (18: 212) yuccaefolium 19:163, 167, 178, 180, 226 Erysimum arkansanum (18: 212) asperum 19:177, 218 Erysiphe graminis 16:124 Erythea armata 12:80 Erythraea Beyrichli 18:1438, 182, 212 texensis 18: 143, 182, 212 Erythronium albidum 19 : 242 Esula cupressina (11 : 134, 143) Cyparissias (11: 134, 143) Dalechampii (11:136, 1438) exigua (11 :112, 143) minima (11 : 1138, 143) pensylvanica (11: 134, 143) Peplus (11 :113, 143) rotundifolia (11 :118, 148) Eucalyptus rostrata 17. pl. 238. f. 4. pl. 25. f, 8, $. pl. 26 Eucharis amazonica 17:15 Euchylia (14: 37, 38, 224) Eucnide bartonioides 18 :170, 212 Euglena acus 19: 172 Euglossa 16:218, 220, 221, 224, 225 Eulychnia (16:57, 60, 67, 68, 85. ph. 4. f. 1) Euonymus americanus sarmen- tosus 15:61, 166 atropurpureus 19:167, 169, 176, 194, 220 Eupatorium ageratifolium texense 18 :176, 213 ageratoides 18 : 176, 213. 19 : 164, 170, 177, 180, 230 angustatum 18:176, 213 altissimum 15 : 53, 66, 19 : 166, 170, 172, 230 Berlandieri texense 18 : 213 coelestinum 15:53, 66. 18 :176, 213. 19: 230 incarnatum 18:176, 213 perfoliatum 15:41, 47, 66. 19 : 230 purpureum 15:41, 47, 66. 19:1738, 184, 185, 189, 190, 230 rotundifolium 18 : 213 serotinum 18:176, 213. 19: 184, 185, 189, 190, 230 Euphorbia 11 : 85-144 alta 11:90, 91, 108, 140, 143. pl. 24 androsaemifolia 11 : 137, 143 angusta 18: 154, 190, 213 angustifolia (11: 136, 1438) ararica (11:136, 143) arenaria (18: 213) arkansana 11:90, 102, 104, (109), 140, 148, 191. pl. 728. f. 1-6. pl. 19. f. 1. 18:190, 213 atrosemina 11:106, 140, 143. pl. 20 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. 183 Euphorbia Euphorbia coloradensis 11 :104, 105, 140, 143. pl. 19. f. 2-6 missouriensis 11 : 91, 103, 105, 140, 148. pl. 18. f. 7-9 bicolor 18 : 213 concolor 18: 213 brachycera 11:90, 93, 128, 129,°141561435> pl, 46 campestris 11:90, 93, (129), 130, ded il, 43% pie #8 esulaeformis (11 :129, 143) | Capparis (11:134, 143) chamaesula 11:90, 92, 93, 129, (129), 141, 143. pl. 47. f. 1-5 subdentata 11:131, 141, 143. pl. 47. f. 6 Coderiana (11:99, 143) commutata 11:90, 92, (113), 118, (121), 1438. pi. 34 erecta 11:119, 141, 143 corollata 19 : 240 crenulata 11:90, 92, 115, 119, 120, 141, 143. pl. 36 franciscana 11:122, 141, 143. pl. 37 Cyparissias 11:90, 92, 134, 138, 142, 143. pl. 50 Darlingtonii 11:90, 91, 97, 140, 143. pl. 15 glabra (11:97, 143) decussata 11: 93, 143 dentata 19: 240 dictyosperma 11:90, 91, (101-106, 108), 140, 143. pl. CTE aS leiococca (11 :108, 143) Mexicana (11:106, 143) multicaulis (11 : 106, 143) discolor (11:97, 1386, 143) dumosa (11: 111, 143) Esula 11:90, 92, (134), 136, 142504 S wept. O41 esulaeformis (11:129, 131, 132, 143) subdentata (11:131, 143) exigua 11:90, 92, 112, 141, 143. pl. 28 Fendleri (11:127, 143). 18: 149, 190, 213 Fleuroti (11:136, 143) flexicaulis 18: 149, (213) floridana 11:90, 91, 95, 140, 143. pl. 12 foetida (11:99, 143) Geyeri 18: 213 glyptosperma 18:190, is. 19 :191, 240 gracilis 11: 86, 143 Helioscopia 11: (100), (102), 109. 140, 148. pl. 26 helioscopium (11:109, 143) Helleri 11:90, 92, 112, 141, 143. pl. 29 herniarioides (18 : 213) imbricata 18 : 149 heterophylla 18: 154, 190, 213 graminifolia 18:191, 213 hiberna 11: 98, 143 humistrata 19:185, 189, 191, 195, 240 incisa (11:126, 143) intermedia (11 : 136, 143) inundata 11:90, 91, 96, 97, 140, 143. pl. 13 Ipecacuanha 11: 86, 90, 143 lanuginosa (11:99, 143) Lathyris 11:90, 91, (93), 139, 4st. Dew da leiococea 11: 91, 103, 108, 140, 143. pl. 25 leptocera (11 :120, 143) crenulata (11:121, 143) Lindheimeriana (11: 117, 143). literata (11 :100, 143) longicruris 11:90, 92, ETS 141, 143. pl. 88. 18:148, 149, 155, 191, 213 Loreyi (11: 136, 143) lucida 11:90, 92, 137, 142, 143. pl. 88, 52 lurida 11:90, 92, 128, 141, 1438 Pringlei 11:90, 92, 128, 141, 148. pl. 39 maculata 18:191, 2138, 240 marginata 18:191, 2138 uloleuca 18 : 213 mexicana 11:90, 91, 105, (109), 140, 143. pl. 21 mollis (11:127, 143) montana 11: 90, 93, (123), 127, (22837129; 113207, 5, 141, 143. pl. 44 gracilior (11:127, 143) robusta (11:132, 133, 143) trifaris 11:128, 141, 143. pl. 45. f. multicaulis (11 : 105, 143) nemoralis (11:97, 143) Nicaeensis (11 :137, 138, 143) nutans 18:154, 191, 213 obtusata 11:90, 91, (99), 100, (102, 103, 105, 109), 140, 143. pl. 17. 19:196, 240 Ce ee Fae 184 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Euphorbia odontadenia 11:90, 938, 128, (128), 141, 143. pl. 45. f. 1-3 ohiotica (11:118, 119, 143) oleaefolia (11 :137, 143) pallida (11:187, 143) Palmeri 11:90, 92, 124, 125, 141, 143. pl. 40 peplofolia 11:125, 134, 143 paniculata 11:99, 143 Paralias 11:139, 143 peplidion 11:90, 92, (115, 116), 141, 143. pi. 31 peplofolia (11: 125, 143) _peploides (11 :117, 144) peplum (11:114, 144) Peplus 11:90, 92, 113, 118, 141, 144. pl. 30 pilosa (11:97, 99, 144) platyphylla 11:90, 91, 99, (100, 101, 103), 140, 144, pl. 16 literata 14: 100, 144 Preslii 19 : 163, 184, 189, 240 Pringlei (11 :1238, 144) prostrata 18:149, 213 racemosa (11:1386, 144) riparia (11: 1386, 144) robusta 11:90, 93, 128, 132, 142, 144. pl. 49. f. 1-3 —interioris 11:133, 142, 144. pl. 49. f. 4 Roemeriana 11:90, 92, 120, 141, 144. pl. 85. 18:148, 155, 191, 213 rupicola (18 : 149, 190, 213) Sagraeana (11: 111, 144) salicifolia (11 : 136, 144) schizoloba 11: 90, 92, 125, 126, 128, 134, 141, 144. -pl.. 42 mollis 11:127, 141, 144. pl. 43 segetalis 11: 122, 144 serpens 18: 149, 154, 213. 19: 240 sphaerosperma (11: 95, 144) spongiosa (11:93, 144) subciliata (11:99, 144) subpubens 11 : 90, 92, 124, 125, 141, 144. pl. 41 tannensis (11:99, 144) telephoides 11:90, 91, 97, 140, 144. pl. 14 tetrapora 11:92, (113), 116, 141, 144. pl. 32 — Berlandieri (11: 116, 117, 144) texana (11: 108, 144) Euphorbia trichotoma 11: 86, 87, 90, 91, 111, 140, 144. pl. 27 tristis (11 :136, 144) verrucosa (11:99, 144) villifera 18:149, 191, 213 virgata (11 :187, 144) zygophylloides 18:191, 213 Euphorbion cyparissium (11 : 134, 144) Esulum (11:1386, 144) helioscopium (11:109, 143) lathyrum (1193, 144) Eustoma Russellianum 18 : 182, 213 Eustylis purpurea (18: 213, 217) Euthemis 16:182, 192 Eutoca hirsuta (18 : 213) patuliflora (18 : 2138, 218) strictiflora (18 : 213, 218) Evax candida 18 : 209, 213 multicaulis 18 : 213 prolifera 18: 176, 212, 213 Evolvulus argenteus 18:152, 213 mollis 18: 152, 213 Eysenhardtia amorphoides 18: 167, 213 spinosa 18 : 2138 Exacum 16 : 182, 195, 196, 200, 214, 215, 228, 232 ‘ macranthum 16 : 228 Exoascus 11:55 Exobasidium 11:55 Faba compressa major 12:149,. 164 graeca 12: 149, 164 major 12: 149, 164 hortensis 12:149, 164 minor 12:150, 165 rotunda oblonga 12:150, 165. vulgaris (12: 149, 164) equina (12:150, 164) Fagopyrum esculentum 19: 201, 203, 240 Fagus 17:41, 61, 64 americana 17: 44 atropunicea 17 : 69, 96 Faico sparverius 20:76 Fedia amarella 18:172, (213), (222) stenocarpa (18 : 2138, 222) Fendlera rupicola Lindheimeri 18 :168 Festuca 16:51 bromoides 16: 52 multiflora 16 : 52 myuros (16: 52) nutans 16: 47 octoflora 16:52. 18:151, 213. INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Festuca ; polystachya (16 : 52) procumbens (16 : 52) quadriflora (16 : 52) sciurea 16 : 52 tenella (16: 52). 197, 248 texana 18: 198, (213) versuta 18: 198, 213 Ficaria ranunculoides 20: 101, 102 Ficus aurea 16:162, 164. 19: 25, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33. pl 1-6. pl. 8. f. 1-7. pl. 9 bengalensis 16 : 164. Benjamina 16: 163 Bonplandiana 16: 164 elastica 16:129. 19:25 fasciculata 16:161, 162 indica 16: 163 infectoria 19 : 25 Isiala 16 : 163 ligustrina 16: 162, 165. pl. $9- $5, 19:25 padifolia 16 : 162 populnea 16:162. 19: 25, 26, Treo Oemeleesc, oo. pl. 7. pls 8. f. 8-10 radula 19: 25 [turbinata] 16:161-5. pi. 39- 45 religiosa 19: 25 sapida 16 : 162 Filaginopsis multicaulis (18 : 213) Fimbristylis autumnalis 19 : 187, 246 spadicea 18 : 197, 213 Fissicalyx 16 :176, 204 Flammula sapineus 15: 73-77. pl. 25, 26 Foeniculum officinale 19: 201, 202, 226 Fomes igniarius 17: 54 rimosus (12: 29) Forestiera acuminata 15:53, 54, 66, 70. pl. 9. f. & pl. 10. f. ee Oe > Dremel i. fo 2. Asis 213. 19 :186, 198, 234, 255, 258. pl. ta; 19 angustifolia 18 :149, 213 pubescens 18:149, 155, 181, 213 Fouquiera 13: 128, 130. pl. 72 Fourcraea gigantea (18: 65, 72) Fourcroea (18: 41) Cantala (18:57, 65) madagascariensis (18 : 61, 65) Fourcroya (18 : 42, 52, 53) agavephylla (18: 64, 66) Aitoni (18: 66) 19 : 165, 174, 19 325 185 Fourcroya aspera (18: 60, 66) Barilletti (18 : 66) Bedinghausi (18 : 69) Commelyni (18: 66) cubensis (18: 39, 66, 67) inermis (18:66, 71, 72) Deledevanti (18 : 67) Demouliniana (18:67, 70) depauperata (18 : 67, 69) elegans (18:70) flaccida (18:67) flavoviridis (18 : 67) geminispina (18: 63, 67) Ghiesbrechtii (18 : 67) gigantea (18:68) — Willemetiana 35, 36, 438, 68) hexapetala (18 : 69) interrupta (18: 69) Lindeni (18:69, 72, 73) lipsiensis (18 : 69) longaeva (18 : 69) macra (18: 69) Noackii (18 : 69) pubescens (18:70) (18 3 34, pugioniformis (18:70) rigida (18:70. 19:277, 283, 286) Roezlii (18 : 70) atropurpurea (18:70) Selloa (18:67, 69, 71) sobolifera (18: 70) spinosa (18 : 70) stricta (18: 70) tuberosa (18:30, 70, 71, 72) tubiflora (18 : 71) undulata (18:64, 66, 70) vivipara (18:57, 71) Watsoniana (18:71) Fragaria virginiana 19:179, 182, 197, 224 Franseria tenuifolia 18 :176, 177, 213 tripinnatifida 18 : 213 Fraxinus 17 : 41, 64, 65 americana 15:41, 48, 53, 54, 61, 66. 17:43, 50, 100. 19: 161,, 179, 183, 198 ; profunda 15:61, 66 texensis 18: 181, 213 Berlandieriana 18 : 153, 213 nigra 17: 44 viridis 15 : 61, 66. 19 : 178, 198, 234, 258. pl. 12 Froelichia floridana 18 : 217 Fuirena 16 : 87-99 breviseta 16:88, 89, 94 ciliata 16:89, 97 186 Fuirena cylindrica 16:89, 91 hispida 16:88, 89, 93, 94, 95. 18 : 213 longa 16:89, 90 scirpoidea 16: 88, 89 simplex 16: 88, 89, 92, 97. 18: 150, 197, 213 macrostachya 16:92 Squarrosa 16: 88, 89, 92, (94) aristulata (16 : 97) breviseta 16:88, (94) hispida (16: 95) pumila 16:88, (92) Funium pitiferum (18:34, 41, 68, 71) Furcraea 18: 25-75. pl. 244 agavephylla (18 : 46) Aitoni (18:47, 142) albispina 18: 40, 42, 53, 67, 74 aspera (18 : 47) atroviridis 18 : 48, 67, 75 australis (18:60, 71) Bedinghausi 13:43, 106, 130. 18 : 42, 65, 67, 69, 70, 73, 74 Cantala (18: 66) Commelyni (18: 40, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 60, 71) cubensis (13:114, 130.18 : 26, 29, 36, 39, 40, 48, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 56, 60, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 69, 71, 74) inermis (18:49, 50, 52, 4; -06,.-70, 72) —— Lindeni (18:72) Demouliniana 18:58, 67, 70, 75. 19:275 depauperata (18:53, 69) Desiderantii (18 : 74) elegans 18:38, 40, 45, 46, 47, 56, 57, 66, 67, 74, 75. pl. 2 flavoviridis (18 : 48, 49, 53, 54, 56, 75) foetida (18:60, 72) Seminispina (13:114, 130). 18 : 25, 31, 40, 48, 50, 63) gigantea 18 : 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46-50, 51, 58, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 66, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74 Watsoniana 18:71 inermis 18:51, 74 Lindeni 18: 29, 40, 54, 55, 72, 73, 75 longaeva 18: 41, 74 macrophylla 18 : 45, 46, 57, 66, 74 1-4, 233, MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Furcraea madagascariensis (18: 61, 65) pubescens 18:55, 58, 66, 75 rigida (19 : 273-287) Selloa 18:29, 40, 45, 46, 51, 53, 54, 55, 67, 69, 71, 74, 75 spinosa (18 : 48, 51, 55, 56, 62, 69, 70) stricta (18:45, 56, 57) tuberosa 18 : 25-30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40, 48, 44, 46, 48, 49, 51-57, 60, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70,-Ti,: T2; 78, 74,75... oF. 1-4. 19:3: 274, 286 undulata 18 : 30, 42, 47, 55, 58, 64, 66, 74 valleculata 18 : 57, 68, 75 viridis (18 : 48) vivipara (18 : 57) Watsoniana (18: 58) Furcroea (18:41, 44, 72. 193: 275) gigantea (18:72, 73) rigida (19: 277) Furcroya (18:41, 54) Fusarium 17:61, 104, 110, 1114, 118 roseum 17:107, 110, 113, 114. pl. 12, f. 1-8 Fusicladium tremulae 11: 48 107, 109, Gaillardia amblyodon 18: 213 lanceolata 18 : 213 maritima 18: 213 picta (18 : 213) pulchella 18: 177, 213 picta 18: 213 spiciflora (18 : 213) suavis 18 :177, 207, 213 Galactia canescens 18: 213 texana 18: 167, 213 Galanthus 16:177 nivalis 16: 219 Galarhoeus androsemifolius (11: 137, 144) : decussatus (11:93, 144) helioscopius (11: 109, 144) Lathyris (11 : 93, 144) platyphyllus (11:99, 144) Galeoscoptes carolinensis 20:71 Galinosoga parviflora 19: 200 Galium Aparine 19:172, 177, 180, 228 asprellum 15: 42, 66. 19: 228 circaezans 19:172, 228 concinnum 19:172, 177, 180, 228 pilosum 19:172, 228 texense 18 : 213 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Galium triflorum 15:42, 49, 66, 213. 19:184, 228 uncinulatum (18: 213) virgatum 18: 213 Galphimia angustifolia 18: 162, 213 linifolia (18 : 213) Gardneria nutans 16:182, 195, 214 Garrya Lindheimeri 18:149, 172, 213 Gasteria 13:37. 17 :126-132 brachyphylla 17: 126, 127 tricone 17 :727 verrucosa 17 :127 Gaultheria procumbens 15: 42, 46, 66 Gaura biennis 19: 166, 197, 226 coccinea 18: 169, 213 glabra 18: 169 Drummondii 18 : 169, 213 Lindheimeri 18 : 213 longiflora 18 : 213 parviflora 18:169, 2138. 226 sinuata 18:169, 213 suffulta 18:169, 213 Gaylussacia resinosa 15: 45, 66 18: 19: Geiseleria chamaedryfolia (12: 49, 78) glandulosa 12:(51, 73. 18: 211,213) Gentiana Andrewsii 15:42, 66. 19 :197, 234 Geothlypis trichas 20: 69 Geranium carolinianum 19:179, 184, 187, 189, 190, 199, 220 maculatum 19:169, 173, 177, 179, 220 Gerardia aspera 18:185, 213. 19: 236 auriculata 19: 236 densiflora 18: 185, 213 maritima 18 : 214 spiciflora (18 : 214) strictiflora 18 :185, 214 tenuifolia 19:1638, 166, 236 197, asperula 19: 236 Geum album 19:162, 169, 177, 224 vernum 19: 224 Gilia coronopifolia 18 :214 incisa 18:148, 182, 214 Lindheimeriana (18 : 143, 214) rigidula 18 : 148, 183, 214 rubra 18:1838, 214 CGillenia stipulacea 19 : 224 Gladiolus 16:13 187 Gleditschia aquatica 19:192, 193, 222 triacanthos 12: 23. 15 : 53, 662-19) 8:-183j20bS6,401925.194, 198, 222, 258. pl. 19 Gliocladium 17 : 104 Gloeosporium 16:153 Lindemuthianum 11 : 54 macropus 16:155 Gloriosa 16 : 186 Glyceria nervata 19: 169, 174, 188, 248 Glycine 12: 81, 82, 164 hispida 12:84, 147, 155, 164. pl. 46 Glycyrrhiza lepidota 19:190, 202, 222 Glyptostrobus europaeus 11 : 66 Gnaphalium polycephalum 18: 214. 19:164, 230 purpureum 18: 214 Godoya 16:180, 182, 192 Gonium pectorale 19:172 Gonolobus biflorus 18 : 143, 214 carolinensis 19 : 234 cynanchoides 18 : 214 granulatus (18: 181, 214) laevis 18: 181, 214 reticulatus 18 : 143, 181, 214 unifarius (18 : 148, 214) Gossypianthus rigidiflorus 18: 153, 214 Graphium 17 : 61, 67, 75, 78, 80, 81, 83-87, 89-91, 94, 95, 96, 111, 112 album 17:96, 112, 114. pl. 9. Peto ambrosiigerum 17: 85, 86, 90, OE SE ar iy Her 7 oe atrovirens 17 : 88, 90, 112, 114. pl. 8. f. 1-3 aureum 17:94-97, 112, 114. pl. 9. f. 5-7 eumorphum 17: 81, 83, 87, 90, 95, 112, 114. pl. 7%. f. 1-5 giganteum 17: 81 rigidum 17:90-94, 112, 114. pl. 7. f. 6-10 smaragdinum 17: 88-91, 93, 112, 114. pl. 9. f. 8-10 Gratiola sphaerocarpa 18: 214. 19 :189, 236 virginiana 19:189, 236 Grindelia inuloides 18:177, 214 squarrosa 18 : 177, 214 Guaiacum angustifolium 18:162, 214 Guichenotia 16 :182, 191 Gutierrezia texana 18:177, 214 188 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Gymnadenia nivea 18 : 214 Gymnanthes lucida 19:25. pl. 5. Ae | Gymnocladus canadensis 15:61, 66. 19:183, 192, 193, 198, 222 Gymnogramme 18: 115, 119, 121 calomelanos Mertensii 18: 118, 148, 119 chrysophylla 18: 110 Gymnosperma corymbosum 18: i77,. 314 Gymnosporangium 11 : 24, 55 Nidus Avis 11: 66 Gymnostomum curvirostre 19: 178 Gynamblosis maritima (12:62, a 73) monanthogyna (12: 60, 73) Habenaria virescens 19:196, 242 Habranthus' texanus (18 : 214, 228) Halea ludoviciana (18 : 214, 221) texana (18 : 214, 221) Halictus 16: 217, 218, 220, 229 Hamamelis virginiana 19: 207 Hamosa austrina (18:165, 214) Harmandia globuli 16:133 tremulae 16 : 133 Hechtia glomerata 13 : 115, 130 Hedeoma acinoides 18:146, 187, 214 Drummondii 18 : 214 pulegioides 19:177, 238 Reverchoni 18: 146, 187, 214 Hedyotis Boscii 18 : 214, 217 humifusa (18 : 214) stenophylla (18 : 214) Heeria 16 : 229, 230 Helenium autumnale 18: 214, 19: 184, 189, 230 nudiflorum 18 :214, 215. 19: 173, 185, 230 tenuifolium 18 ; 214 Helianthemum canadense 19 : 175, 218 capitatum 18: 214 Helianthus angustifolius 18 : 214 annuus 18:177, 214. 19:182, 190, 195, 230 cucumerifolius (18 : 214) debilis 18 : 214 cucumerifolius 18 : 214 doronicoides 19 : 230 grosse-serratus 18:214. 19: 175, 180, 195, 230 hirsutus 19: 180, 230 laetiflorus 19 : 175, 230 Helianthus lenticularis (18 :177, 214) Maximiliani 18:177, 184, 214% mollis 19: 175, 230 occidentalis 19:163, 164, 165,. 230 plantagineus 18; 214 praecox (18: 214) rigidus 18: 214. 19:230 tuberosus 19: 190, 230 Heliopsis laevis 19: 163, 175, 230 scabra 19:175, 230 Heliotropium 16 : 142 curassavicum 15:64. 18: 214 indicum 19: 1938, 234 inundatum 18 : 183, 214 tenellum 18:183, 214, 216. 19 : 234 Hemerocallis fulva 19:200, 203, 244 Hemicarpha Drummondii 18 : 197, 214 ; micrantha 18 : 197, 214 aristulata (18 :197, 214) Hendecandra maritima (12:62, 73) multiflora (12:68, 73) procumbens (12: 63, 73) texensis (12:67, 73. 18: 214) Heptallon aromaticum (12:56, 73) graveolens (12:53, 73) Hepatica acutiloba 19 : 197, 216 Herbertia Drummondiana 18 : 195, 214 . Hermannia 16:190 texana 18: 214 Herpestis chamaedryoides 18: 145, 185, 214 cuneifolia (18 : 214) Monniera 15:62. 18:185, 214. nigrescens 18 : 214 rotundifolia 19 : 236 Herreria 13 : 27, 28, 130 Hesperaloe 18: 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 123, 124, 130. Davyi (18:36, 37, 38, 130) Engelmanni (18:33, 34, 35, 36, 130) funifera 13:29, 86, 38, 120, 125, 129, 130. pl. 8. pl. 4. f. 1. pl. 85. f. 8 pl. 96 parviflora 13:29, 30, 34, 37, 120. nh 2 ft. Lom 86. FF pl. 88 Engelmanni 18:33, 37, 180.) ob 2h Se 2 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. ‘Hesperaloe yuccaefolia 13:30, 32, 33, 34, 130 Hesperocallis 13: 27, 28, 130 Hesperoyucca 13:29, 38, 40, 42, 123, 124, 130 Whipplei 13:39, 41, 120, 121, 122, 125, 129. pl. 4. f. 2, 5. ph. 85. f. 9. pl. 88 Heteranthera 16:184, 211, 226 dubia 18: 196, 214 graminea 15:52, 66. limosa 18 : 196, 214. 244 reniformis 19: 244 Heterocentron mexicanum 16 :233 roseum 16: 229 Heterotheca scabra (18 : 214) subaxillaris 18 : 177, 214 Heuchera americana 19: 162, 169, 177, 224 hispida 19:177, 224 parviflora 16: 103, 104 puberula 16:103 Hibbertia 16 :178, 179 Hibiscus 16 : 130 lasiocarpus 19:185, 193, 194, 220 militaris 15:53, 66. 220 Trionum 19: 201, 220 vitifolius 16 : 146 ‘Hicoria ovata 17: 438, 44 Hiernia 16: 202, 203 Hilaria texana 18:199, 214 Hoffmanseggia caudata 18 : 214 Jamesii 18 : 214 Holwaya gigantea 17:81 Hordeum 16:53 jubatum 19: 202, 248 nodosum (16 : 53) Hormiscium 17:61, 67, 98, 101, 102,203, 114,113, 174 gelatinosum 17:101, 102, 113, 114, pl. 11. f. 4-8 Hormodendron 17:61, 67, 91, 98, £00, 1215 173; 115 atrum 17:98 cladosporioides 17 : 98, 99, 100, 101, 113, 114. pl. 10. f. 1 elatum 17 : 98 griseum 17:98, 100, 101, 113, TIALS Dt 10: f.22 Houstonia angustifolia 18: 214, 19 :199, 228 humifusa 18 : 214 minima 19 : 228 purpurea 19: 166, 228 longifolia 19 : 228 19 : 244 19 : 168, 19 : 194, 189 Humulus Lupulus 19 : 163, 203, 240 Huszia 15:79, 80 Hydrangea arborescens 19:170, 172, 198, 224 quercifolia 16: 30 Hydrastis canadensis 18 : 85-94 f. and pl. 8. 19:166, 167, 169, 178, 216, 258. pl. 18 Hydrophyllum appendiculatum 19 : 179, 234 canadense 19:171, 179, 234 »- virginicum 19:179, 234 Hydrocotyle americana 15 : 42, 47, 66 asiatica 15:62. 18:172, 214 interrupta 18 : 214 repanda (18 : 214) umbellata 18 : 172, 214 verticillata 18 : 214 Hygrophila lacustris 18: 214, 219 Hylocichla mustelina 20: 74 Hymenatherum pentachaetum 18 : 177, 215 tagetoides 18 : 177, 212, 215 Wrightii 18 : 215 Hymenopappus'~artemisiaefolius 18 : 215 corymbosus 18:177, 215 Hypericum Ascyron 19 : 196, 218 cistifolium 19 : 218 Drummondii 19 : 167, 218 gymnanthum 18 : 215 maculatum 18: 215. 178, 218 mutilum 19 : 185, 191, 218 nudicaule 19: 166, 220 perforatum 19:181, prolificum 19 : 220 tenuicaule 14: (45), 224 Hypholoma appendiculatum 15: 84, 85. pl. 37, 38, 39 insertum 15: 84 Hypnum crista-castrensis 15: 49, 66 Hypocrea rufa 17: 116 Hypoxis erecta (18 : 215), 19: 162, 170, 182, 197, 242 aestivalis 18 : 215 leptocarpa (18: 215) hirsuta 18 : 215 aestivalis 18 : 215 leptocarpa 18 : (215) Hyptis radiata 18 : 215 19 : 175, 191, 220 Iberis (18 : 215) Icteria virens 20:70 Icterus galbula 20: 56 spurius 20 : 55 . 190 Ilex decidua 18 : 162, 215. 198, 220 opaca 17:44 verticillata 15 : 45, 66 Ilysanthes riparia 19 : 183, 193, 236 Impatiens fulva 15 : 41, 47, 66.16: 129. 19:170, 180, 220 pallida 15:49, 66. 19: 220 Indigofera Anil polyphylla 18: 215 leptosepala 18: 167, 215. 200, 202 Lindheimeriana 18 : 167, 215 Inodes (16 : 164) Ionidium lineare (18 : 215) polygalaefolium 18 : 161, 215 Ipomaea Batatas 16: 148 hederacea 19:191, 236 lacunosa 19:191, 236 leptophylla 18 :152, 215 Lindheimeri 18 : 184, 215 pandurata 19:184, 191, 198, 236 purpurea 19:187, 191, 236 sagittata 18 : 215 trifida Torreyana 18: 184, 215 Tresine celosioides (18 : 215) paniculata 18 : 147, 189, 215 Iris 12: 19 versicolor 15:41, 66. 19:185, 186, 193, 242, 258. pl. 14 Isanthus caeruleus 19:175 Ischaemum 16: 55 glabrum (16:55) scariosum (16 : 55) secundatum (16; 55) Isika (14: 29, 30, 32, 38, 37, 39, 40, 49, 203, 224) alpigena (14: 105, 224) coerulea (14:68, 224) lucida (14:105, 224) fsoetes 19:187 melanopoda 19:193, 250 Isopappus divaricatus (18: 208, 215) Hookerianus (18; 208, 215) Isopyrum biternatum 19 :191, 198, 216 Itea virginica 15:58, 66, 71. pl. S07; Iucca (13:72, 130) perana (13:72, 130) peruana (13:72, 130) Iva angustifolia 18: 178, 215 ciliata 18 :178, 215. 19:183, 185, 189, 230 19 : 179, 19: Jatropha texana 18:190, 210, 215 Juca americana (13 : 47, 130) MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Juca gloriosa (18:72, 130) Juglans cinerea 17:44. 19: 161,. 170, 186, 242 nigra 17:44, 48. 19: 161, 170,. 186, 142 Pecan (18: 193, 215) rupestris 18 :193, 215 Juncus acuminatus 18:196, 215.. 19 : 244 robustus 19 : 244 dichotomus 19 : 244 heteranthos (18 : 215) marginatus 18: 215. 19: 244 nodosus megacephalus 19 : 188, 244 tenuis 19:1638, 165, £87, 188,. 244 Juniperus 11: 36, 66 bermudiana 11:55. chinensis 17 : 157 decurrens 11: 36 occidentalis 17: 157 conjugens (18: 194, 215) sabinoides 18: 194, 215 virginiana 11:36, 50, 55, 69. 15:47. 17:44, 157.19 : 242 Jussiaea decurrens 18: 215 occidentalis (18 : 215) octonervia 18 : 215 repens 15:52, 54, 66, 67, 70, p1.. 8. fide Bt. fi tie 19: 168, 188, 189, 193, 226 suffruticosa 18 :169, 215 Jussieua repens 19:168, 183, 189,. 193, 226 Kallstroemia maxima $21) Kalmia glauca 15:45, 46, 66, 69. pl. 6 Kantemon (14:30, 166, 169, 171, 224) angustifolium (14: 169, 224) ciliosum (14:171, 224) Karatas 18 : 37, 38 Keerlia bellidifolia 18 : 178, 215 effusa 18 : 178, 215 Keraselma Cyparissias (11 :134, 144) Esula (11:136, 144) exigua (11:112, 144) lucida (11: 137, 144) oleracea (11 :114, 144) Peplus (11:114, 144) Kiggelaria 16 : 182, 194 Koeleria cristata 19: 248 truncata (18 : 212, 215) Koompassia 16:182 188 Krameria 16:182, 189, 190 15 : 62 (18 : 215, INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Krameria lanceolata (18 : 215) secundiflora 18 :165, 215 Krigia amplexicaulis 19:162, 230 Kuhnia eupatorioides 19 : 232 corymbulosa (18 : 215) gracillima (18: 178, 215) glutinosa 18 :178, 215 rosmarinifolia gracillima 18 :178, 215 Labichea 16: 182, 189 lanceolata 16 : 225 Lablab (12 : 145, 165) vulgaris (12 : 144, 164) ——albiflorus (12: 145, 164) niger (12: 145, 164) purpureus (12 : 145, 164) Lactuca 19: 184 canadensis 19:187, 232 floridana 18 :178, 215 leucophaea integrifolia . 19 : 181, 232 ludoviciana 19 :192, 232 Scariola 19 : 175, 181, 195, 202, 232 — integrata 19:175, 181, 1S2, US te Lou cle, 20ee cos virosa 19 : 202 Lagenaria vulgaris 18 : 215 Lagerstroemia indica 20: 97-104 speciosa 20: 99 Lamium amplexicaule 19: 200, 202, 238 Lantana Camara 15:64. 19: 209 horrida 18 : 146, 186, 215 odorata 15: 64 Lapageria 13 : 32 Laphamia lLindheimeri 18 :178, 215 Laplap (12:145, 165) Laportea canadensis 19: 240 Larix 17:46. pl. 24. f. 4 americana 15:41, 45, 46, 66, 69. pl. 4, 5. 17:48, 45 Lasiopetalum 16: 182, 191 Lathyrus palustris 15 : 42, 66 myrtifolius 19 : 222 pusillus 18: 167, 215. 20: 140 Lavradia 16: 193 Lechea Drummondii 18 : 215 major 19:174, 177, 178, 199, 216 minor 19:199, 216 tenuifolia 18 : 161, 215 Ledum latifolium 15: 47, 49, 67 Leersia oryzoides 15:42, 67. 19 : 169, 183, 248 virginica 19: 185, 248 191 Leitgebia 16 : 182, 193 Leitneria floridana 15: 61, 67 Lemna 15: 53 minor 15: 56, 62, 67. 19 : 244 perpusilla 19 : 168, 181, 244 trinervis 19: 244 trisulca 19 : 244 Lentinus Lecomtei 16: 115 Leonurus Cardiaca 19: 202, 238 Lepachys columnaris 18:178, 215 pulcherrima 18 :178, 215 Lepidium 16: 121 intermedium 19 : 195, 218 lasiocarpum 18:161, 215 medium 18: 161, 215 virginicum 19:175, 181, 197, 218 Lepidodendron 11 : 64 Lepiota 15 : 83, 84 naucinoides (15: 83) naucinus 15 : 83-85. pl. 30-84 procera 15: 83 Leptocaulis echinatus 18: 215 Leptochloa fascicularis 16 : 52 mucronata 18 : 199, 215 Leptopoda brachypoda purpurea 18 : 214, 215 Leria nutans (18: 210, 215) Lespedeza 19: 184 capitata 19 : 166, 175, 185, 190, OU procumbens 19: 190, 222 reticulata 19 : 163, 222 violacea 19 : 163, 190, 222 Lesquerella alpina 18 : 215, 222 arctica 18: 215, 222 argyrea 18:161, 215, 222 auriculata 18 : 215, 222 densiflora 18 : 215, 222 Engelmanni 18: 160, 161, 215, 222 Fendleri 18 : 215, 222 globosa 18 : 216, 222 Gordoni 18: 215, 222 gracilis 18 :161, 215, 222 sessilis 18 : 161, 216 grandiflora 18: 216, 222 Lindheimeri 18 : 216, 222 ludoviciana 18: 216, 222 Nuttallii 18 : 216, 222 pallida 18: 216, 222 recurvata 18: 216, 222 repanda 18: 216, 222 Leucobryum 15 : 62 Leucojum 16 :177 vernum 16: 219 US sGls 205: 192 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Leycesteria glaucophylla 14: 216, 224 Liatris acidota 18 : 216 mucronata 18 :178, 216 vernalis 18 : 216° cylindrica 19 : 232 elegans 18 : 216 mucronata (18: 178, 216) punctata 18:178, 216 pycnostachya 18: 216 scariosa 19 : 232 Libocedrus 11 : 66-68, 70, 73-75 Bidwillii 11 : 66 chilensis 11 : 66 cupressoides 11: 66 decurrens 11:23-77. pl. 2, 4. Ae we a ee A & | Douiana 11 : 66 Licuala grandis 14:24, 224 Lilia regia (18 : 105, 130) Lilium 17 :129, 149 canadense 19:195, 244 lancifolium 17 :129 regium (13:105, 130) Linaria vulgaris 19: 195, 200, 202, 236 Lindera Benzoin 15:61, 67, 71. pl. 20. f. 2. 18 :147, 189, 216. 19 : 170, 240 Lindheimera texana 18:140, 179, 216 Linnaea borealis 15 : 49, 167 Linum Berendieri (18 : 216) Berlandieri 18 : 162, 216 Boottii (18 : 216) rupestre (18 : 216) hudsonioidés (18 : 216) multicaule 18 : 216 rupestre 18: 162, 216 suleatum 18: 216. 19: 197, 220 usitatissimum 19: 189, 202,220 virginicum 19: 178, 197, 220 Lipochaeta texana (18: 216, 223) Lippia cuneifolia incisa 18: 186, 216 lanceolata 19:181, 187, 189, 193, 236 ligustrina 18 : 146, 186, 216 nodiflora 18 : 153, 186, 216, 223 Liquidambar 17:64, 80 Styraciflua 15:61, 67, 71. pl. O0:: 7.8 SF 45a, 2s, 9i;5 98, 100 Liriodendron 12:80. 17:64, 80 Tulipifera 17 : 43, 44 Lithospermum angustifolium 18 : 1838, 216 arvense 19: 234 breviflorum 18 : 183, 216 Lithospermum canescens 19:177, 179, 234 latifolium 19:180, 234 tenellum (18: 214, 216) Loasa 16: 219 Lobelia cardinalis 15:41, 67. 19 : 192, 193, 194, 206, 2382 glandulosa 18 : 216 inflata 19:165, 234 leptostachys 19: 165, 234 puberula 17 :123. 18: 216 pauciflora 17 : 122 splendens 18: 142, 181, 216 spyhilitica 15:41, 67. 19: 183, 192, 193, 234 Lolium perenne 17 : 132 Lonicera 14: 27-232. pl. 1-20 acuminata 14:147, 150, 224 japonica (14:160, 224) acutifolia (14:180, 224) adenocarpa (14:188, 224) adenophora 14: 104, 111, 224 aemulans 14:54, 59, 217, 224 pl. 2. f. 10, 11 affinis 14: (92), 153, 157, 159, (194), 224 — hypoglauca 14:158, 224 pubescens (14:158, 224) alba (14: 216, 224) Alberti(14 : 48, 224) albiflora 14:174, 178, 224. 18 : 172, 216 — dumosa 14:179, 224 alpigena 14: (62, 93), 103, 105, (108), 219, 224 Formanekiana (14:111, 224) — glandulifera 14:106, 224 leiophylla (14:138, 224) — macrophylla 14:106, 224 nana 14:106, 224 semiconnata 14:106, 224 sibirica (14:110, 224) — Webbiana (14:108, 224) alpigena X Ledebourii 14: 203, 224 : alpina (14: 219, 224) alseuosmoides 14:146, 224 altaica (14:68, 71, 224) Altmannii 14: 85, 87, 91, 224 hirtipes 14: 89, 224 —— pilosiuscula 14: 89, 224 ——Saravshanica 14:87, 88, 224 tenuiflora (14: 87, 224) americana (14:191, 192, 224) Amherstii (14: 95, 108, 224) amoena (14: 205, 224) anelica (14:178, 224) INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. 193 Lonicera angustata (14:127, 224) angustifolia 14:43, 45, 49, (126, 169), 224 arborea 14:(120), 126, 132, 219, 224 — kabylica (14:120, 224) persica 14:1338, 224 ariaefolia (14: 219, 224) arizonica 14:167, 170, 172, 224 asperifolia 14:86, 92, 224 atrosanguinea (14:192, 224) Aucheri 14: (79), 80, 224 aurea (14:80, 224) aureo-reticulata (14: 162, 224) balearica (14: 187, 224) barbinervis (14 : 122, 225) bella (14: 206, 225) albida (14: 206, 225) — atrorosea (14: 206, 225) candida (14: 206, 225) incarnata (14:206, 225) rosea (14: 206, 225) bella X gibbiflora (14: 206, 225) bicolor (14:80, 225) biflora 14:42, 152, 156, 159, 225 Bordwelliana (14:99, 225) Bournei 14:153, 162, 218, 225 pl. 4. f. 4-6 Braceana 14:154, 164, 225 brachybotrya (14: 162, 225) brachypoda (14: 162, 225) aureo-reticulata (14:162, 22D) repens (14:162, 225) reticulata (14:162, 225) Brandtii (14:121, 225) Breweri (14:115, 225) Brownii (14: 208, 225) plantierensis (14 : 209, 225) bubalina (14: 216, 225) Buergeriana (14:157, 225) Bungeana (14: 62, 63, 225) calearata (14:40, 144, 145, 225) californica (14:178, 225) campaniflora (14:219, 225) canadensis (14:55, 64, 225) alba (14:129, 225) canescens (14:156, 225) caprifolioides (14:82, 225) Caprifollum 14:184, (186), 188, (191), 192, (193, 195), 225 13 Lonicera Caprifolium alba (14:189, 225) apetala 14:190, 225 arborea (14: 195, 225) armena (14:190, 225) atrosanguinea (14:192, Zab) erosa (14:192, 225) variegata (14:192, 225) flavescens (14:189, 225) italica (14:191, 225) major (14:191, 225) —— pallida (14:189, 225) parviflora 14:190, 225 pauciflora 14:190, 225 praecox (14:189, 225) rubellum (14 :191, 225) ruberrimum (14 : 192, 225) rubra (14:190, 225) sempervirens (14: 191, 225) Stabiana (14:193, 225) variegata (14:192, 225) verna (14:189, 225) villosa 14:190, 225 Caprifollum hybrids 14: 190, 202;-210) 211,)212, 225 Carioti (14:191, 225) caroliniana (14:169, 225) carpatica (14 :122, 225) caucasica (14: 118, 225) cerasina 14:49, 74, 218, 225. pl. 9 Chamissoi 14:114, 117, 225 chinensis (14: 161, 225) chlamydophora (14: 80, 225) chrysantha 14: 134, (136), 139, 225 longipes 14:140, 225 Regeliana 14: 140, 225 subtomentosa (14 : 135, 225) turkestanica 14:140, 225 villosa 14: 140, 225 chrysantha hybrids 14: 207, 22%, 226 ciliaris (14:79, 225) ciliata (14:64, 130, 171, 225) ciliosa 14: 166, 167, 170, (178), 225 depressa (14:171, 225) glabrescens (14: -208, 225) occidentalis 14:171, 225 ——plantierensis (14: 209, 225) —volubilis (14:171, 225) MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Lonicera ciliosa Youngii (14: 209, 225) coccinea (14:168, 213, 225) cochinchinensis (14: 160, 225) coerulea 14:67, (73), 77, (118), 217, 225. pt. 2. f. 10, ii —altaica 14:71, 225 — angustifolia 14:71, 225 canadensis (14:73, 225) ——dependens 14:70, 225 edulis 14:72, 225 emphyllocalyx 14:72, 225 —glabrescens 14:69, 225 ——glabriuscula (14:69, 225) — globosa 14:69, 225 graciliflora 14:70, 225 hirsuta (14:72, 225) —kamschatica (14:72, 225) —— Kirilowii (14:70, 225) — parvifolia (14:70, 225) praecox 14:69, 225 reticulata (14:71, 225) salicifolia 14:70, 225 sphaerocarpa 14:69, 225 stipuligera 14:70, 225 subvillosa (14:72, 225) tangutica (14:73, 225) venulosa 14:71, 225 — villosa (14:72, 73, 225) viridiflora 14:70, 225 ~ coerulescens (14: 207, 225) confusa 14:152, 156, 159, (162), 225 conjugialis 14:50, 651, 101, 118-115, 225 - connata (14:180, 225) corymbosa (14: 216, 225) crassifolia 14:146, 225 cyanocarpa 14: 50, 85, 91, 226 cyrenaica (14:196, 226) dasystyla 14:151, 153, 158, 218, 226.-.o1. 4, f: 7-8 davurica (14: 216, 226) decipiens (14:124, 226) deflexicalyx 14:135, 142, 226 Delavayi 14:152, 155, 226 dentata (14:180, 226) deperdita (14: 215, 226) depressa (14:44, 226) Myrtillus (14: 44, 226) Diervilla (14: 216, 226) dimorpha (14:195, 226) dioica 14:175, 179, 220, 226 Lonicera dioica hybrids 14 : 210, 211, 226 Dioscoridis (14:186, 226) discolor 14:114, 119, 120, 226 diversifolia (14: 143, 162, 208,. 226) — quinquelocularis (14: 220, 226) Royleana (14:143, 226) Douglasii (14:180, 181, 210,. 211, 226) dumetorum (14:1387, 226) dumosa (14:179, 226) ebractulata (14:64, 65, 226) edulis (14:72, 226) Elisae 14: 87, 96, 97, 226 elliptica (14:80, 180, 226) emphyllocalyx (14:67, 72, 226) epsomiensis (14: 210, 226) eriensis (14:181, 226) etrusca 14;:185, (191), 192, 194, (198), 226 ——adenantha 14:196, 226 Brownii (14: 208, 226) — gigantea (14: 196, 226) —— glabra 14:196, 226 ——glabrescens (14:195, 226) — glandulosa 14:197, 226 — hirsuta (14:196, 226) —hispidula (14:197, 226) —— parviflora 14: 196, 226 ——pubescens 14:195, 212, 226 — Reverchonii 14:196, 226. Roeseri 14: 196, 226 rotundifolia (14:191 226) Superba (14:196, 226) —typica 14:195, 226 viscidula 14:197, 226 —xylostemoides (14:196,. 226) etrusca hybrids 14:190, 202, 210, 218, 23¢ Fargesii 14:104, 111, 226 Ferdinandi 14:30, 78, 226 ferruginea 14:151, 154, 226 bullata 14:154, 226 Finlaysoniana (14:156, 226) flammea (14:168, 226) flava 14: (168), 178, 175, (181, 288), 188, (210, 221); 226 nova (14:168, 226) Sullivantii (14: 182, 226) flava hybrids (14: 211, 226) INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. 195 Lonicera flavescens (14:100, 226) flexuosa 14: (161), 212, 226 aureo-reticulata (14: 162, 226) Halliana (14:161, 226) floribunda 14: 125, 131, (131), 217, 219, 226. pl. 8. f. 12, 18, 19 : —— glabrescens 14:132, 226 alba (14:132, 226) — — pallida (14:132, 226) rosea (14:132, 226) —— Korolkovii (14 :131, 226) —typica (14:131, 226) albescens (14:131, 226) grandiflora (14: 131, 226) rosea (14:131, 226) Zabelii (14: 131, 226) florida 14: 213, 226 Formanekiana (14:109, 111, 226) adenophora (14: 111, 226) Fortunei (14:82, 226) fragrans (14:82, 226) fragrantissima (14:81, 82, 226) Fraseri (14:168, 183, 226) fuchsioides 14 : 146, 148, (209), 226 germanica (14: 198, 199, 226) Ghiesbreghtiana (14: 136, 226) gibbiflora (14:140, 220, 226) —— x bella (14: 206, 226) gibbosa (14:65, 99, 180, 220, 226) gigantea (14:196, 212, 226) superba (14:196, 226) Giraldii 14: 147, 150, 218, 226. ot. 8. f. 14-17 glabra 14: 213, 226 glabrata 14: 147, 148, 226 velutina 14: 148, 226 glauca (14:56, 92, 179, 186, 210, 226). 15:42, 67 glauca hybrids (14: 210, 226) glaucescens 14:175, 180, 182, 210, 226 — dasygyna 14:181, 226 glaucophylla (14: 216, 226) Glehnii 14: 103, 106, 107, 109, 226 glutinosa 14:103, 107, 226 Goldii (14:181, 226) Govaniana (14:119 226) Lonicera gracilipes 14:52, 55, (56), 65, 66, 226 — albiflora 14:66, 226 fructu luteo 14:66, 225 —— glabra 14 : 66, 226 glandulosa 14:66, 226 gracilis (14 : 216, 226) grata (14:191, 193, 226) Griffithii 14: 201, 226 gynochlamydea 14:74, 75, 226 Halliana (14: 161, 226) Heckrottii (14: 210, 226) hellenica 14:103, 108, 227 helvetica (14: 204, 227) Hemsleyana 14:74, 105, 112, O17 cad. Du as fs i= Henryi 14:146, 148, 226 heteroloba 14:104, 109, 218, 22] Dia Lo heterophylla 14: 104, 106, 109, 220 — alpina 14:110, 227 Formanekiana 14:111, 22 Karelinii 14: 110, 227 oxyphylla 14:110, 227 hetrusca (14:195, 227) Hildebrandiana 14:154, 163, 227 hirsuta 14:175, 181, 183, 227. glaucescens (14:180, 227) ——involucrata (14: 210, 227) hirsuta hybrids 14: 208, 210, 211, 221, 227 hirtiflora (14:154, 227) hirtipes (14: 89, 227) hispanica (14: 200, 227) hispida 14:30, 86, 89, 93, (208), 227 ——alpina (14:92, 227) chaetocarpa 14: 94, 227 hirsutior 14:94, 227 hirta 14: 94, 227 setosa 14:94, 227 typica 14:94, 227 hispidissima (14: 89, 227) hispidula 14:170, 172, 174, 177, 2ST californica 14:178, 227 Douglasii (14:177, 227) ——interrupta (14:176, 227) subspicata (14:175, 227) —vacillans (14:178, 227) humilis 14: 84, 87, 88, 227 hypoglauca (14:158, 227) hypoleuca 14:80, 227 196 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Lonicera Lonicera iberica 14:30, 77, 78, 79, 227 chlamydophora 14:80, 227 erecta 14:80, 227 — microphylla 14:80, 227 implexa 14:(139), 163, 184, 165; 227 ——adenocarpa 14:187, 227 —— balearica 14:187, 227 endotricha (14:187, 227) exotricha (14:187, 227) hirsuta (14:187, 227) longifolia 14:187, 227 lusitanica (14:187, 227) — puberula 14:187, 227 —ternata (14:186, 227) — ternifolia 14: 186, 227 —— Valentina 14:187, 227 velutina 14:187, 227 verticillata 14:187, 227 implexa hybrids 14; 202, 211, 212, 227 incana (14:132, 227) inconspicua 14: 53, 57, 58, 202, 218, 227. pl. 6 Infundibulum 14:83, 86, 91, 96, 227 intermedia (14:100, 227) interrupta 14:174, 176, 210, 227 involucrata 14:29, 98, (210), 227 flavescens 14:100, 227 —— humilis 14:100, 227 Ledebourii (14: 101, 227) serotina 14:99, 227 italica 14: 185, 190, 192, 210, 212, 220, 227 atrosanguinea 227 quercifolia 14:192, 227 rubella 14:191, 227 japonica 14:(65), 151, 153, (154, 156), 159, (161), 212, 227 aureo-reticulata 14: 162, 227 chinensis 14:160, 161 (162), 227 flexuosa 14:160, 161, 227 —— Halliana 14:160, 161, 227 javanica 14:153, 157, 227 kabylica 14 :115, 120, 217, 227. pl. 8. f. 8-10 Kachkarovii 14:35, 114, 119, 227 kamtschatica (14:119, 227) 14: 192, Karelinii (14:70, 109, 110, 227) —_alpigena (14:110, 227) alpina (14:110, 227) Kesselringi (14:118, 227) Kirilowi (14:70, 227) Koehneana 14:134, 141, 227. Korolkovii 14:126, 131, 217, 227. ot. 8. % 18 floribunda (14:131, 227) Zabelii 14:131, 227 X tatarica 14: 205, 227 kurdistana (14:132, 227) lanceolata 14:115, 124, 227 latifolia (14:187, 227) Ledebourii 14:98, 100, 227 Ledebourii X alpigena 14: 208, 227 leiantha 14:154, 163, 227 leiophylla (14:138, 227) Leschenaultii 14: (149), 152, 155, 156. (158), 159, 227 mollis 14:156, 227 ligustrina 14:75, 76, 227 pileata (14:76, 227) yunnanensis (14: 76, 227) linderifolia 14:54, 638, 201, 217, 227. pl. 1. 7. 7-8 linearis (14:48, 227) litangensis 14: 53, 57, 218, 227, pl. 7 longa 14:58, 54, 61, 217, 227. ot. 1.438 longiflora 14:158, 155, (161), 162, 220, 237 longifolia (14:154, 227) Loureira 14:147, 149, (150), 227 major 14:149, 227 oblonga 14:149, 227 Luschanii (14:132, 227) Maackii 14: 134, 141, 227 podocarpa 14:141, 227 macrantha 14:151, 154, 219, 228 —biflora (14: 155, 228) bullata (14:154, 228) macrogyne (14:93, 228) macrophylla (14:180, 228) rubra (14: 180, 228) Magnevilleae (14 : 82, 168, 228) majoricensis (14:97, 228) marilandica (14: 216, 228) Maximowiczii 14:112, 114, 116, 228 ——atropurpurea 14: 117, 228 sacchalinensis 14: 116, 228 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. 197 Lonicera media (14:179, 228) mexicana 14:55, 65, 228 micrantha (14:130, 203, 207, 228) micrantha hybrids (14: 204, 206, 228) micranthoides (14: 204, 208) permixta 14: 204, 228 micranthoides hybrids (14: 204, 228) microphylla 14:49, 52, 54, 60, 61, 68, (177), 228 gracilior 14:63, 228 robustior 14:62, 228 pl. 5 minutiflora 14: 206, 228 misera (14: 204, 228) Mociniana (14:99, 228) mollis (14:155, 196, 228) mollissima (14:158, 228) mongolica (14: 216, 228) montana (14: 2138, 228) Morrowii 14:134, 136, 228 rosea (14:206, 228) Morrowii hybrids 14; 203, 206, 207, 228 Mouradi 14: 214, 228 Mouraviae 14: 2138, 228 mucronata 14: 81, 83, 217, 227, pl. 2. f. 8, 9 muendeniensis (14: 206, 228) multiflora (14:156, 216, 228) muscaviensis (14: 207, 228) Myrtillus 14:31, 43, 44, 228 depressa 14:44, 228 nepalensis (14: 206, 228) nervosa 14:115, 121, 218, 228 pl. 16 Niaguarilli (14:82, 228) nigra 14:(110), 115, (117), 121, 123, (161), 215, 228 228) berolinensis 14:1238, 228 campaniflora (14: 97, 228) ——glabrescens 14:123, 228 — latifolia 14:123, 228 trichota 14:1238, 228 — virescens 14:123, 228 nigra hybrids 14:202, 203, 204, 228 pseudomisera 14: 204, 228 Bungeana (14: 63, 228) Sieversiana (14:62, 228) minuta 14:44, 47, 218, 228, angustifolia (14:123, puberula (14: 123,228) Lonicera notha (14: 205, 228) alba (14: 205, 228) carneo-rosea (14 : 205, 228) ——gilva (14:205, 228) grandiflora (14 : 205, 228) ochroleuca (14: 205, 228) Nummularia (14:132, 228) nummulariifolia (14 : 132, 228) cordata (14:132, 228) oblongifolia 14:50, 101, 228 calyculata 14:102, 228 obovata 14:52, 53, 56, 60, 228 obscura (14:162, 228) occidentalis (14 : 171, 208, 228) plantierensis (14 : 209, 228) Youngii (14: 209, 228) ochroleuca (14: 137, 228) odora (14:198, 228) odoratissima (14: 82, 228) Olgae 14: 85, 88, 90, 228 orientalis 14:114, 117, (118, 119), 120, 228 caucasica 14:118, 228 discolor (14:119, 228) govaniana 14:119, 228 Kachkarovii (14:119, 228) kansuensis 14:119, 228 Leroyana (14:129, 228) longifolia 14:118, 228 setchuensis (14 : 107, 228) ovalis 14:135, 142, 219, 228, pl. 20 ovata 14:147, 149, (180), 228 oxylepis (14:149, 228) oxyphylla (14:109, 110, 228) Pallasii (14:72, 228) pallida (14:189, 228) pallidiflora (14:198, 228) parasitica (14:216, 228) parviflora (14:179, 180, 220, 228) Douglasii (14: 180, 228) Sullivantii (14:182, 228) parvifolia (14:44, 56, 130, 228) myrtillus (14:44, 228) pekinensis 14:83, 86, 91, 95, 217, 228..pl. &. f. 1-5 perfoliata (14:189, 228) periclymena (14:198, 228) Periclymenum 14: (156, 159), 185, (195), 197, 228. 18: 10% alba (14:198, 228) aurea 14:199, 228 198 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Lonicera Periclymenum —— autumnalis (14 : 199, 228) belgica 14:199, 228 fruticosa 14:199, 228 — glauco-hirta 14: 200, 228 hispanica (14:200, 228) — minor 14: 200, 228 mongolica (14: 200, 228) — phyllantha 14:199, 228 — quercifolia (14: 200, 229) variegata (14: 200, 229) —quercina 14:200, 228 variegata (14: 200, 228) rubra (14:199, 229) serotina 14:199, 229 sinuata (14: 200, 229) —villosa (14:198, 229) —vulgaris (14:198, 229) hybrids 14: 212, 229 permixta (14:204, 229) persica (14:132, 229) Philomelae (14:65, 229) phyllocarpa 14:81, 83, (95), 96, 218, 227 phyllomache (14:119, 229) Phylomelae (14:65, 229) pileata 14:75, 76, 229 yunnanensis 14:76, 229 pilosa 14: (95), 167, 170, 171, (178, 182), 229 Schaffneri 14:172, 229 tubulosa 14:172, 229 plantierensis (14: 209, 229) fuchsioides (14: 209, 229) ——punicea (14: 209, 229) Youngii (14: 209, 229) praecox (14:69, 229) praeflorens 14:85, 90, 218, 229, pt. 18, 14 prisca 14: 215, 229 prolifera (14:182, 229) propinqua (14: 203, 229) superalpigena (14: 203, 229) pseudochrysantha 208, 229) pubens (14:79, 229) pubescens (14:137, 181, 229) punicea (14:127, 209, 229) purpurascens, 14:52, 55, 229 pyrenaica 14: (68), 97, (130, 187, 188), 219, 229 quadrifolia 14:214, 229 quinquelocularis 14:135, 142, 220, 229 —diversifolia 14:143, 229 (14 : 207, Lonicera quinquelocularis dumosa 14:1438, 229 © translucens 14: 143, 229 quinquelocularis X Xylosteum 14: 208, 229 racemosa (14: 216, 229) Raeseri (14: 229) ramosissima 14:52, 55, 229 reflexa (14:180, 229) Regeliana (14:140, 207, 229) repens (14:160, 229) reticulata 14:(71), 152, 157, (162, 182), 229 retusa 14:115, 120, 229 rhododendroides 14:146, 147, 229 Riederiana (14:117, 229) Roeseri (14:196, 229) rotundifolia (14:189, 229) Royleana (14:187, 143, 229) rubra (14:137, 229) rupestris (14:182, 229) rupicola (14:43, 46, 229) syringantha (14 : 46,229) thibetica (14:45, 229) Ruprechtiana 14: 134, 135, 229 carnea (14:205, 229) rosea (14: 205, 229) salicifolia (14: 206, 229) xanthocarpa 14:136, 229 Ruprechtiana hybrids 14:203, 205, 206, 207, 221, 229 saccata 14:52, 54, 60, 229 Wilsoni 14:60, 229 salicifolia 14: 206, 229 Savranica (14:119, 229) saxatilis (14:195, 229) scabrida 14:85, 91, 229 scabriuscula (14: 91, 229) Schmitziana 14:(118, 211), 214, 229 Segreziensis (14: 208, 229) Pseudo-Xylosteum 14:208, 229 —— Super-Xylosteum 14: 208, 229 Semenovii 14:86, 92, 229 vestita 14:92, $29 sempervirens 14: 29, 16T, (209), 221, 229. 18:107 Brownii (14: 208, 209) caroliniana (14:169, 229) coccinea sanguinea (14: 169, 229) superba iii (14 : 168, 229) — flava 14:168, 229 fuchsioides (14 : 209, 229) INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. 199 Lonicera sempervirens hirsutula 14:169, 229 major (14:163, 169. 229) —minor 14:169, 229 oblonga (14:169, 229) ovata (14:168, 229) — plantierensis (14: 220, 229) — punicea (14: 209, 229) sanguinea 14:169, 229 — Shepherdii 14:169, 229 speciosa 14:168, 229 Sullivantii (14 : 182, 229) superba 14:168, 229 virginiana (14:168, 229) xanthina (14:168, 229) Youngii (14:220, 229) sempervirens hybrids 14: 208, 210, 221, 229 sericea (14:55, 229) serotina (14:199, 229) serpyllifolia 14:53, 58, 60, 202, 229. pl. 1. f. 1-5 setchuensis 14:103, 107, 217, A Bees 1) Mak Bay eta | setifera 14:85, 91, 229 sibirica (14:1099, 110, 12%, 229) Sieboldiana (14:158, 229) Sieversi (14:101, 229) Sieversiana (14:62, 63, 229) similis 14: 152, 155, 229 sinensis (14: 82, 229) Smithiana 14: 214, 229 Solonis (14:73, 101, 230) sororia (14:115, 230) speciosa (14:168, 230) spinosa 14: 48, 230 Alberti 14:48, 230 splendida 14 : 185, 194, 230 Stabiana 14:185, 193, 230 Standishii 14: 81, 230 lancifolia 14: 82, 230 stenosiphon 14:53, 57, 230 stephanocarpa 14: 86, 94, 230 stipulata (14:216, 230) strophiophora 14:86, 95, 202, 230 suavis (14:189, 230) subaequalis 14: 167, 172, 218, pl. 4 subspicata 14: 174, 175, 230 denudata 14:176, 230 Sullivantii 14:173, 175, 182, 183, 230 Sullivantii hybrids 14: 210, 211, 230 sumatrana 14:35, 147, 149, 230 Lonicera Symphoricarpus (14: 216, 230) syringantha 14: 44, 46, 230 ——deserticola (14:47, 230) desertorum (14:47, 230) —— minor 14:46, 230 Wolfii 14:47, 230 szechuanica 14: 54, 58-61, 218, 230. pl. 8 tangutica 14:54, 58-61, 202, 23 glabra (14:59, 230) tatarica 14:109, 125, 230 — alba 14:127, 230 — —albifiora (14 :127, 230) —— albo-rosea (14:128, 230) —angustata 14:127, 230 angustifolia (14 : 128, 230) — bicolor 14:128, 230 brevipedunculata 14: 128, 230 caucasica (14:118, 230) discolor (14:128, 230) elegans 14:128, 230 erubescens 14:129, 230 Fenzlii 14: 129, 230 gracilis (14:130, 230) grandibracteata 14:129, 230 ; grandiflora (14:128, 230) rubra (14:128, 230) — latifolia 14:128, 230 Leroyana 14:129, 219, 230 Louis Leroy (14:129, 230) — lutea 14: 128, 230 major (14:128, 230) —— micrantha 14:130, (207), ST; 280) ip. §. fo Fe —— microphylla 14:129, 230 nana 14:130, 230 odorata 14:129, 230 parvifolia 14: 129, 230 praecox 14:129, 230 puberula (14 :130, 230) —— pulcherrima (14 : 128, 230) punicea 14:129, 219, 230 purpurea (14:127, 230) —pyrenaica (14:130, 230) rosea 14:128, 230 rosea-alba 14:128, 230 rubra (14: 127, 230). rubriflora (14:127, 230) rubrissima (14:128, 230) sibirica 14: 127, 230 nana 14:127, 230 200 Lonicera tatarica speciosa (14:128, 230) splendens (14:128, 230) —variegata 14:129, 230 —virginalis 14:129, 230 vulgaris 14:129, 230 —— xanthocarpa (14 : 128, 230) tatarica hybrids 14: 205-206, 230 tatarinovii 14:114, 116, 230 tatsiensis 14: 104, 108, 230 Telfairii (14:156, 230) tenuiflora (14: 87-89, 230) thibetica 14:43, 45, 230 tomentella 14:43, 45, 230 tragophylla 14:184, 185, 193, 230 translucens (14:1438, 230) trichopoda 14:53, 56, 230 shensiensis 14:57, 230 trichosantha 14:35, 135, 142, 230 Tschonoskii 14: 115, 121, 218, 230. pl. 17 tubulosa (14:172, 230) turcomanica (14:132, 230) subvillosa (14:132, 230) turkestanica (14:132, 230) uniflora (14:65, 230) utahensis 14:55, 64, 230 vacciniifolia (14: 216, 230) Valentina (14:188, 230) variegata 14: 214, 230 vegeta 14:104, 111, 217, 230, pl. 2. f. 6-7 velutina (14:73, 230) venulosa (14:71, 230) verticillata (14: 216, 230) vesicaria 14:30, 77, 78, 217, 218, 280. pl: 2. 7. 12, 18. pl. 10 Vidalii 14: 104, 112, 230 villosa (14:78, 102, 219, 230) virescens (14:199, 230) virginiana (14: 168, 230) viscidula (14:197, 230) vogesiaca (14: 204, 230) volgarensis (14: 82, 230) vulgaris (14:137, 230) Webbiana 14: (99), 104, (106), 108, 230 Wightiana (14:76, 230) xylosteoides (14: 206, 230) Xylosteum 14: (132), 134, 136, (140), 2381 — alba (14: 142, 231) brachypoda (14 : 143, 231) MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Lonicera Xylosteum brevipedunculata 14: 138, 231 chrysantha (14: 140, 230) compacta 14:139, 231 cotinifolia 14:138, 231 crococarpa (14: 138, 231) elliptica 14:139, 231 —— glaberrima 14: 139, 231 ——glabrescens 14:139, 231 leiophylla 14:138, 231 leucocarpa (14: 1438, 231) longipedunculata 14: 139, 231 — lutea 14:138, 231 — macrocalyx (14 : 132, 231) melanocarpa (14:122, 231) — mollis 14:139, 219, 231 nigra (14:122, 231) rubra (14:138, 2381) stenophylla 14:139, 2381 subcordata (14: 139, 231) —thuringiaca 14:139, 231 —typica (14:138, 231) — villosa (14:1389, 231) —-vulgaris (14:138, 231) xanthocarpa (14 : 138, 231) Xylosteum hybrids 14: 202, 204, 206-208, 231 yunnanensis 14: 174, 179, 231 tenuis 14:179, 231 Zabelii (14: 131, 231) zeylanica (14: 216, 231) Lonicera—species 14:(96, 112), 201, 202, 230 Lophanthus nepetoides 19: 185, 238 Lophira 16: 178, 180 Lophotocarpus 11: 145-151 ecalifornicus 11:146, 151, pl. 54 calycinus 11:146, 147 depauperatus 11: 148, 151. pl. 55 fluitans 11: 145, 147, 151. pl. 53 spatulatus 11:149,151. pl. 57 spongiosus 11:148, 150, 151, pl. 56 Loranthus 14: 216, 217, 231 europaeus 19: 32 loniceroides 14: 216, 231 tetrandrus 14: 216, 231 Ludwigia hirtella 18: 216 linearis puberula 18 : 216 natans 18:169, 216 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Ludwigia . palustris 15:42, 67. 18: 216. 19 :183, 193, 226 Lupinus subcarnosus 18:167, 216 texensis (18 : 167, 216) Luzembergia 16:182, 192, 228 Luzula campestris 19: 244 Luzuriaga 16:182, 185 parviflora 16: 227 Lychnis Githago 19: 202, 216 Lycopersicum esculentum 19 253, , 134 Lycopodium lucidulum 15:49, 67 Lycopus sinuatus 19: 183, 193, 238 virginicus 15:42, 49, 67. 19 : 1838, 193, 238 Lygodesmia aphylla texana 18 :179, 216 Lysimachia stricta 19: 234 thyrsiflora 15:45, 67 Lysiosepalum 16:182, 191 Lythrum 20:97 alatum 18:169, 216. 19: 226 breviflorum (18: 216) lanceolatum (18 : 216) ——linearifolium (18 : 216) ovalifolium (18 : 216) pumilum (18: 216) lanceolatum 18 : 216 linearifolium 18:169, 216 ovalifolium 18 : 216 virgatum 17:151 Macrosiphonia MBerlandieri 18: 181, 216 Magnolia glauca 17: 44 Maianthemum canadense 15:49, 67 Malva rotundifolia 19:197, 220 sylvestris 16:106 Malvastrum carpinifolium 216) pedatifidum (18 : 216) tricuspidatum 18 :161, 216 Wrightii 18: 162, 216 Malvaviscus Drummondii 18 : 162, 216 Mamillaria 16:76 applanata (18: 216) calearata 18 : 216 compacta 18: 216 gummifera 18 2 226 3 hemisphaerica (18 : 216) Heyderi 18: 216 hemisphaerica 18: 216 missouriensis 18 : 216 caespitosa 18 : 216 Nuttallii (18 : 216) radiosa 18 : 216 (18 : 201 Mamillaria similis (18 : 216) suleata (18: 216) Marchantia polymorpha 15: 49, 667. 18:110. 19:171 Marrubium vulgare 19:201, 203, 238 Marshallia caespitosa 18: 179, 217 Marsilia 18: 111 macropoda 18:151, 217 tenuifolia 18:157, 217 uncinata 18 : 200, 217 texana 18: 157, 217 Martinsia 16:182, 189 Martynia proboscidea 19 : 200, 201 Masdevallia Lindeni 17 :130 Matricaria Chamomilla 19: 201, PREY4 discoidea 19:181, 232 Maximilianea 16: 200, 215 insigne (16: 234) Maximowiczia Lindheimeri 18 :171, 217, 220 Mayaca 16:182, 235 200, 202, Medicago lupulina 19:200, 201, 222 sativa 19:195, 202, 222 Megachile opposita 16: 224 Megacilissa 16 : 221 Megascops asio 20:44 Melampodium cinereum 18:179, 217 Melanerpes erythrocephalus 20 : 46 Melastoma 16: 229, 230 Melica 16:47 altissima 16:47, 48 diffusa 16:47. 18:156, 199, 217. 19: 162, 170, 177, 248 glabra 16 : 47 mutica 16: 47 Melilotus alba 15:51, 67. 19: 182, 184, 190, 195, 202, 222 officinalis 19:182, 190, 202, 222 Melipona 16: 218, 220, 221, ae bipunctata 16: 217 fasciata 16: 220 Melissa officinalis 19 : 201, 203, 238 Melissodes 16 : 222 Melochia pyramidata 18: 162, 217 Melospiza cinerea melodia 20: 62 Melothria chlorocarpa 17 : 171, 217 Memecylon edule ramiflorum 16 : 233 Mendoncia 16: 202, 203 Menispermum canadense 17 : 22+ 19 : 163, 176, 198, 216 195, ‘bie Rete. in at aS in ote 202 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Menodora heterophylla 18: 142, 143, 152, 209, 217 longiflora 18 : 152, 101, 2L7 Mentha canadensis 15: 42, 67. 19:1938, 238 Piperita 15:70. pl. 11. f.-2 viridis 15 : 62 Mentzelia nuda 18: 170, 217 oligosperma 18: 170, 217. 19: 226 Menyanthes trifoliata 15:41, 42, 45, 46, 67, 69. pl. 3, 4 Merula migratoria 20:75 Merulius lachrymans 11: 34, 36, 47 Mesembryanthemum 16:140 Mesogloia divaricata 16: 157-160. pl. 38 Metallura tyrianthina 16 : 232 Metastelma barbigerum 18 : 143, 182, 217 Metopium Metopium 19: 25. pl. 4. Aa Micranthes pennsylvanica 20: 138 texana 20:138, 139 virginiensis 20:138, 139, 140 Microsphaera densissima 11:54 Mikania scandens 15:59, 67, 70. pl. 18. f. 2. 183179, 217 Milla coerulea 18 : 150, 217 Milligania 13:27, 28, 130 Mimosa fragrans 18 :167, 217 Slabratus 18:153, 186, 217 Lindheimeri 18 : 167, 217 malacophylla 18 : 217 Roemeriana 18 : (168, 217) strigillosa 18 ; 217 Mimulus alatus 19:189, 236 ringens 15:47, 67. 19: 183, 236 Mimus 16: 225 polyglottus 20:71 Mirabilis Jalapa 18: 147, 188, 217 Mitchella repens 15: 67 Mitreola petiolata 18 :182, 217 Mnium cusp!idatum 19:171 sylvaticum 15:49, 67 Mollugo verticillata 18:171, 217. 19 :181, 195, 226 Molothrus ater 20:52 Monachochlamys 16: 202 Monarda aristata (18 : 217) Bradburiana 19:165, 177, 238 citriodora 18:146, 187, 217 fistulosa 19 : 163, 164, 173, 177, 180, 199, 238 Lindheimeri (18 : 217) punctata 18 : 187, 217, 19 : 165, 197, 238 scabra 18: 217 Monarda tenuiaristata (18 : 146, 217) Monochaetum ensiferum 16 : 233 Monochoria 16: 182, 184, 186, 282, 226, 227 Monoporandra 16:182, 194, 214 Morus microphylla 18:155, 192, 193, 227 rubra 15:61, 67. 18:192, 193, 217. 19:161, 172, 183, 194, 198, 240 Mouriria 16: 236 Mucor 17:115 Muhlenbergia 19: 163 capillaris (16 : 46) diffusa 19:170, 248 glomerata 19:180, 248 Reverchoni 18 :199, 217 sobolifera 19: 197, 248 trichopodes 18: 199, 217 Musa ensete 17: 132 Museniopsis texana 18 : 217, 221 Myiarchus crinitus 20:49 Myosurus minimus 19:175, 183, 185, 190, 191, 195, 216 Myrica cerifera 15:47, 67 _ Gale 15:42, 67 Myriophyllum 15: 42, 52, 56, 67 heterophyllum 18 : 217 Myrtillocactus (16:55, 57, 59, 62, 63) geometrizans (16:63) Myzomela 16: 218 Naias flexilis 15:42, 67 sSuadalupensis 18:155, 217 Nama hispidum 18:183, 217 jamaicense 18 : 144, 183, 217 Nasturtium Armoracia 19: 200, 202, 212, 218 lacustre 19 : 218 obtusum 19: 185, 187, 189, 195, 218 officinale 19: 1938, 200, 202, 218 palustre 19: 187, 188, 189, 193, 218 sessiliflorum 19:1938, 218 sinuatum 19: 190, 218 tanacetifolium 18 : 217 Neckia 16: 193 Nectarinia platura 16 : 225 Nectria 18:77 Negundo aceroides (18 : 207, 217). 19 : 179, 198, 220 Nelumbium luteum 19:194, 195, 258. pl. 20 Nelumbo lutea 15:52, 56, 67, 70. pl. 8.7.3. pl. 18.7.2. 18 :160, 217. 19 : 216 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. wfemastylis acuta 18: 155, 195, 217 purpurea 18: 213, 217 Nemopanthes fascicularis 15: 45, 46, 67, 69, pt. 6 Nemophila phacelioides 18: 153, 183, 217 Nepenthes 15: 35 Nepeta Cataria 19: 201, 203, 238 Glechoma 19:173, 180, 238 Nephrolepis Piersoni elegantis- sima 16:29 Scottii 16 : 29 Neptunia lutea 18: 167, 217 Neurocalyx 16:197, 198, 214 Nicandra physaloides 19 : 201, 236 Nicotiana 19: 32 repanda 18:145, 184, 217 trigonophylla 18: 185, Be. Nintooa (14:29, 30, 33, 38, 40, 41, 144, 231) canescens (14:157, 231) confusa (14:156, 231) japonica (14:160, 231) longiflora (14:162, 231) Nitella praelonga 18: 158, 217 Nolina 13: 27. 28, 71, 130 Lindheimeriana 18:150, 195, 217 longifolia 13:27, 28, 69, el, 115, 130 texana 18: 150, 155, 195, 217 Notholaena sinuata 18 : 200, yaa f argyrolepis 18: 200 Nothoscordum bivalve 18: 195, 217 striatum 19:164, 166, 244. 20 : 105-115 Nuphar advena 15:41, 46, 56, 67, 692.70; ples. ple. J. 4s pl. 18. f. 2. ph. 14. f. 2 19 3: 216 minus 19: 194, 216 Nyctaginea capitata 18 : 147, 153, odihyg Nymphaea odorata 15: 40 bw, Oni, 70, pl. 18. f. 2. 19:194, 216 reniformis 19: 201 Nyssa aquatica 17: 43, 44, 47 sylvatica 15:61, 67 uniflora 15:56, 58, 67, 69, 70. pl. 1. pl. 18. f. 2. pl. 19 Ochna 16:168, 178, 180 Odontoglossum 18:95 Cervantesii 18 :95-97. pl. 9 Andersonii 18 : 96 decorum 18:96 majus 18:96 Odontostomum 16 : 185, 201, 227 Oenothera 19: 225. 20: 123-137 albida 20:128, 135 203 Oenothera ammophila 20: 126, 137 argillicola 20 : 125, 126, 130 biennis 15:53. 19:174, 175, 181, 189, 195, 197, 199, 226. 20 :124, 126, 128, (128), 129, 130, 131, 133, 137 grandiflora (20 :131) muricata 19:175, 226 brevistylis 20 : 126, 127, 135 corymposa 20: 130 cruciata 20: 126 Drummondii 18: 217. 20:124 elliptica 20:125, 127, 136 fruticosa 19: 226 gigas 20: 126, 127, 134 nanella 20: 134 grandiflora 20:123, 124, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132 Hookeri 20: 124 Jamesii 18:170, 217 laevifolia 20:128, 134 Lamarckiana 17 : 151. 20 : 123- 135, (1356), 1386, 137 cruciata 18 : 99 lata 20:127, 133, 134, 136 leptocarpa 20:127, 135 linifolia 18 : 217 missouriensis 18 : 217 muricata 19: 174. 20: 125, 126, 129, 137 nanella 20:127, 133, 134 Oakesiana 20:125, 126, 129 oblonga 20:127, 128, 1385 parviflora 20 :125, 126, 129 rhombipetala 18 : 217 rubricalyx 20:128, 133 rubrinervis 20:128, 131, 132, 133, 135 scintillans 20 : 125, 128, 136 semilata 20:127, 134, 136 serrulata pinifolia 18: 217 -—— spinulosa 18:170, 217 Simsiana 20:125, 126, 130 sinuata 18:170, 217. 19: 226 speciosa 18 : 170, 217 sublinearis 20 : 125, 127, 136 tetrapetra 18: 217 triloba 18:170, 217 uncinata 18 : 217 Oldenlandia Boscii 18 : 214, 217 Olisbea 16 : 235 Onagra biennis (20: 128) Oncidium iridifolium 19 : 19 luridum 15: 26 Onoclea sensibilis 14: 47, 67. 19 ; 250 Onosmodium bejariense 18: 184, 217 Bo pee 204 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Onosmodium carolinianum 19 : 234 Helleri 18 : 184, 217 Ophioglossum Engelmanni 18 :200, 217. 19:171, 250 Ophiorrhiziphyllon 16: 201, 202 Ophrys aranifera 17 :132 Oplismenus 16: 35 undulatifolius 18 :199, 217 Oplotheca floridana (18 : 213, 217) Opuntia 16:76. 19 : 259. 20: 81, 82. pl. 2. pl. 18 Allairei 20:83. pl. 2. f. 2. pl. 5. pl. 12. pl. 13. f. 9 angustata 19: 268 arborescens 18:217. 19:272 arbuscula 19:260, 261, 272. pl. 22. 20:89 arizonica 20:93. pl. 2. f. 8. pl. 10. pl. 18. f. 8 basilaris 20:82 caerulescens 20: 86. pl. 2. f. 9. pl. 6 canada 20:90. pl. 2. f. 6. pl. 6+ pl. 18. f. 2, 12 Cardenche 19: 259, 272. pl. 21 castillae 19 : 261, 272. pl. 24 Chavena 19: 264, 272. pl. 23 chlorotica 20 : 82 Cochinera 19: 268, 272. pl. 26 congesta 20:88. pl. 2. f. 4, 7. pl. 8 pl. 18. f. § cycloides 19: 267 Dillei 20:82. pl. 2. f. 10. pl. 4. of. 18. f.-7 discata 19: 266, 272. pl. 27 echinocarpa 20:85. pl. 18, f. I1 elongata 19; 271 Engelmanni (18 : 217) 19: 270, 271. 20:83, 94 ferruginispina 19 : 267 fragilis frutescens 18: (217) fulgida 19: 272 fuliginosa 19: 262, 272. pl. 25 fusicaulis 19:271, 272. pl. 23 gilvescens 20:87. pl. 2. f. 5. pt. 7. pl. 28. 7. 6 Guerrana 19: 266 Guilanchi 19: 265 imbricata 19: 260 intermedia (18 : 217) Kleiniae 19:260, 272. pl. 21. 20: 86, 89 leptocaulis 18:217. 19: 272. pl. 21 leucotricha 19 : 265 laevis 20:90 Opuntia Lindheimeri 18: 217. 19: 267, 268. 20:85, 92, 93 linguiformis 19: 270, 272. pl. 27 lucens 19: 269 macrocalyx 19: 268, 272. pl. 28 macrorhiza 18:171, 217 magenta 19: 268 megacantha-lasiacantha 19 : 264, 265 megacarpa 20:90. pl. 2. 7. 8. pl. 13. f. 10 mesacantha grandiflora 18: 217 microdasys 19: 269, 272. pl. 28. 20:81, 82. pl. 12. pl. 18. f.- #2 missouriensis 18:13. 18 :217 neoarbuscula 19: 260, 272. pl. 23. 20:89 phaeacantha 20: 87, 91 procumbens 20: 91 Rafinesquii 19: 166, 199, 226 robusta 19: 2638, 266 rufida 20:81, 82. pl. 2. pl. 12. pl. 13. f. 3 streptacantha 19: 261, 263 Subarmata 20:94. pl. 2. f. 1. pl 11, oh 138%. 4 texana 20:90, 94. pl. 9, pl. TR fd tricolor 20:85. pl. 4 vaginata 18:171, 217 vulgaris (18 : 217). 20:84 Whipplei 20; 84, 85, 89 Winteriana 19: 268 Orchis maculata 17 : 132 Ornithocephalus gladiatus 19 : 12 Ornithogalum 18 : 30 texanum 18: 149, (218) angusta (18 : 149) Oscillatoria Agardhii 19:201 Osmia 16 : 220 Osmorrhiza brevistylis 19: 180, 196, 226 longistylis 19: 226 Osmunda 18:109, 116 cinnamomea 15 : 46, 47, 62, 67 regalis 15:41, 49, 62, 67. 18 :119 Ostrya virginiana 17:44 Othake roseum (18 : 179, 218) Ouratea 16:182, 192, 228 Ovularia 17: 66 Oxaea 16 : 220 Oxalis corniculata Dillenii (18 : 99) INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. 205 Oxalis Grangua lait 14 ls. ol al... Le) 18, 19 cymosa 19:163, 177, 220 Drummondii 18:162, 218 stricta 18:99-108. 19: 162, 168,: 171, 178, 177, 184, 185, TeOF Aol loos. 20 vinidifiora-* 28. 99, > -104, 105, 107, 108. pl. 10, 11 vespertilionis (18 : 218) violacea 18:107. 19: 162, 166, 167, 220 Oxybaphus nyctagineus 19:181, 238 pilosa (18: 207, 218) Oxydectes (12 : 34, 73) arygranthemus (12:39, 73) Berlandieri (12:40, 73) californica (12:63, 73) elliptica (12:59, 73) fruticulosus (12:42, 73) Lindheimeri (12:58, 73) monanthogyna (12:60, 73) neomexicanus (12:66, 73) texensis (12:68, 73) virens (12:69, 73) Oxytropis Lamberti 18 : 218 Palafoxia Hookeriana (18: 218, 219) texana (18 : 218, 219) Panicularia obtusa 16: 49 Panicum 16: 33 alopecurodeum (16: 34) amarum 16:37, 38 anomalum 16: $5 autumnale (16:37) brevifolium (16:36, 37) capillare 16: 36. 18: 199, 218 cognatum 16: 37 colonum 16: 36 coloratum (16 : 37, 38) commutatum 16 : 37 Crus-galli 16 : 35. 19: 174, 183, 185, 248 Curtisii 16:35. 18: 156, 218 depauperatum 19:165, 166, £74,° 27TT, 178,248 dichotomiflorum 16: 36 dimidiatum (16:35) divergens 16: 37 filiforme 19: 163, 248 geniculatum 16: 36 giganteum 18: 156, 199, 218 glaucum (16: 34) hemitomum (16:35) hians 16: 37 Panicum hirtellum (16 : 34, 35. 18: 217, 218) imberbe (16: 34) italicum (16: 34) lachnanthum 18:156, 218 latifolium 16: 36 Lindheimeri 18: 151, 199, 218 melicarium 16 : 37 miliaceum (16: 36) muricatum 16:35 nervosum 16: 37 nudum (16: 37) pedicellatum 18 : 199, 218 proliferum 16:36. 18:199, 218. 19:248 Reverchoni 18:199, 218 sanguinale 16:44. 19:181, 197, 202, 248 speciosum (16: 38) strigosum 16: 36 verticillatum 16:34 virgatum 16: 35, 37, 38. 18:3 156, 199, 218 Walteri 16:35 Papaver 16 : 229 Parmelia capitata 19: 178 Paronychia dichotoma 18: 188, 218 Drummondii 18 : 218 Lindheimeri 18: 188, 218 setacea 18 : 218 Parthenium Hysterophorus 18: 179, 218 integrifollum 19 :199, 232 repens 19: 232 Paspalum 16:36, 41 Boscianum 16: 43 debile 16:41 dissectum 16: 41 distichum 16:42, 18: 199, 218 filiforme 16: 44 floridanum 16: 43 fluitans (16:41). 19:189, 248 laeve 16: 42 membranaceum 16: 41, 42 mucronatum 16: 42 paniculatum (16 : 42) plicatulum 16: 42 plicatum 18:151, 218 praecox 16: 42 purpurascens 16: 43 sericeum 18: 151, 218 setaceum 16:41 virgatum (16: 43) Walterianum (16: 42) Passer domesticus 20:58. pl. 1 montanus 20:59. pl. 1 Passiflora 17 : 133-145 206 \ Passiflora affinis 18: 170, 218 alata 17: 141 caerulea 17 : 140 gracilis 17:140, 141, 142, 145 lutea 19: 167, 171, 226 palmata 17:140 quadrangularis 17 :140 serratistipula 17: 140 tenuiloba 18 : 218 Pastinaca sativa 19: 200, 203 Pavonia lasiopetala 18 : 162, 218 Wrightii (18 : 218) Pedicularis canadensis 236 Pelargonium 16: 142 Pellaea atropurpurea 12:77. 178, 250, 258. pl. 12 cristata 12:77. pl. 34 dealbata 18 : 200, 218 flexuosa 18 : 200, 218 » Peltandra undulata 15:56, 67, 70, pl. 14. f. 1. 19: 244 Peltigera rufescens 19:178 Penicillium 17:61, 67, 104, 105, aks? hay Re album 17:117. pl. 18. f. 1 aureum 17:105, 107, 113, 114. pl. 11. f. 1-8 roseum 17:107, 113 Pentaphylax 16:177 Pentapyxis stipulata 14; 216, 231 Penthorum sedoides 15:54, 67. 19 :198, 226 Pentstemon Cobaea 18: 218 laevigatus Digitalis 19: 184, 236 Murrayanum 18: 218 pubescens 19: 162, 236 Periclyma (14:29, 38, 166) Periclymena (14:30, 164, 231) Periclymenum (14: 28, 29, 31, 33, 37, 40, 144, 164, 166, 208, 231) americanum (14: 190, 193, 231} germanicum (14:199, 231) italicum (14:189, 231) perfoliatum (14:189, 231) racemosum (14: 216, 231) sempervirens (14: 168, 231) angustifolilum (14:169, 231) latifolium (14:168, 231) verticillatum (14: 216, 231) vulgare (14: 198, 231) —quercifolium (14: 200, 231) Peridermium 11 : 24 19: 162, 19: MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Peristrophe 19:11 Peronospora 11:55 parasitica 16: 121-125. pl. 22, 28, 24 Peronosporites antiquarius 11 : 64 Petalostemon candidus 19: 166, — 222 multiflorum 18 : 218 obovatum 18: 218 phleoides microphyllum 218 villosus 19: 200, 201, 222 violaceus 18: 218. 19 : 166, 222 Peziza sclerotiorum 11 : 48 tuberosa 11:51 Phacelia bipinnatifida 19 : 196, 234 canariensis 19: 201 congesta 18:144, 183, 218 hirsuta (18 : 218) parviflora hirsuta 18 : 213, 218 patuliflora 18: 145, 2138, 218 Purshii 19: 196, 234 strictiflora 18 : 213, 218 Phalaris 16: 40 canariensis 19:181, 248 caroliniana (16: 40) intermedia 16: 41 Phaseolus 12: 81-165 carinatus (12:93, 164) ecoccineus (12: 144) compressus (12: 93, 164) candidus (12:1381, 164) humilis (12:132, 164) niger (12:133, 164) diversifolius 18 : 218 ellipticus (12:93, 164) albus (12: 102, 164) saccharatus (12: 103, 164) —— Willmotianus 164) foecundus (12:88, 164) gonospermus (12:93, 164) oryzoides (12:101, 164) inamoenus (12:91, 164) latisiliquus (12:91, 164) limensis (12:91, 164) lunatus 12: 84, 88, 164 macrocarpus 12:82, 89, 01, (913, 168 minor (12: 146) multiflorus 12: 82, 84, 88, 142, (142), (144), 155, 164. pl. 55. f. 2 1721650 —alhus (12:1438, 164) —— bicolor (12:144, 164) ecoccineus (12:144, 164) — niger (12:143, 164) 18: (12 : 138, INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Phaseolus multiflorus § (12: 143, 164) nanus (12:93, 164) oblongus (12:93, 164) albus (12:121, 164) carneus (12:141, 164) —laudunensis (12:122, 164) — purpureovariegatus (12: 127, 164) — Rachelianus (12: 120, 164) saponaceus (12 : 125, 164) ——turcicus (12:117, 164) vinosus (12:124, 164) retusus 18: 218 saccharatus (12:88, 164) saponaceus (12:93, 164) sphaericus (12 : 93, 164) albus (12: 106, 164) —dimidiatus (12:111, 164) —haematocarpus (12:109, 164) — luteus (12:108, 164) — minor (12:110, 164) niger (12 :104, 164) pumilus (12: 105, 164) —— purpureus (12: 107, 164) : sulfureus (12:108, 164) vulgaris 12: 82, 84, 88, 93, 94, 155, 164. pl. 45. f. 2. 17 3133 coccineus (12:144, 164) multiflorus 12:142, 164 nigerrimus (12 :133, 164) Xuaresii (12:91, 164) Phegopteris 18 : 109 hexagonoptera 19: 250 Phenianthus (14: 29, 30, 38, 166, 231) sempervirens (14:168, 231) Philibertia crispa 18:182, 218 cynanchoides 18:182, 218 Phleum pratense 19: 174, 181, 197, 199, 203, 248 Phlox divaricata 19 : 162, 173, 177, 179, 234 Drummondii 18 : 218 pilosa 18:183. 19:177, 179, 199, 234 detonsa 18: 183 texana 18:183, 218 Roemeriana 18:144, 183, 218 Phoradendron californicum 18: 218 flavescens 18: 218 glabriusculum 18 : 218 orbiculatum 18:189, 218 pubescens 18 : 189, 218 juniperinum 18: 218 207 Phoradendron lanceolatum 18 : 218 tomentosum 18 : 218 villosum 18: 218 Phormidium 19 : 172 Phragmites communis 15:41, 46, 67, 69. pl. 4. 19: 248 Phryma leptostachya 19: 163, 236 Phyla incisa (18: 186, 218) Phyllanthus polygonoides 18: 191, 218 Phyllocactus 16: 78 lepidocarpus 16:78 Physalis angulata 19: 175, 236 philadelphica 19 : 236 pubescens (18:218). 19: 236 subglabrata 19: 162, 236 viscosa spathulaefolia 18 : 218 Physcia stellaris 19: 178 Physcomitrium turbinatum 19: nigga Physocarpus opulifolius 19:172, 224 Physostegia intermedia 18 : 218 virginiana 18: 218. 19: 238 Phytolacca decandra 19: 163, 175, 184, 191, 240 Phytopthora phaseoli 12: 88 Picea 18:78 nigra 11:24. 15:41, 45, 46, 67, 69. pl. 4, 6 rubens 17 : 43, 44, 47, 58. pl. 2. Teed Picris echioides 17: 151 hieracioides 17 : 150 Pilea pumila 15:53, 67. 19: 242 Pilinophytum capitatum (12: 53, (3. 18 +211, 218) Lindheimeri (12:54, 73. P22 1S) Pilocereus (16:57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64, 68, 69, 83, 85. pl. 4. f. 2-5) Celsianus (16 : 65) chrysacanthus (16:70) Dautwitzii (16 : 65) exerens (16: 70) Hermentianus (16:70) Hoppenstedtii (16:70) Houlletii (16: 70) lanuginosus (16: 70) Royeni (16: 70) scoparius (16: 63) strictus (16: 70) Tetetzo (16 : 67) Ulei (16:70) Pilularia 18: 111 Pimpinella integerrima 19 :166, 178, 226 Pinaropappus roseus 18 :179, 218 18: 208 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Pinus 17: 64, 80 arizonica 17: 64, 74, 85 divaricata 17:44 echinata 11:24, 34. 17:44, 64. 67,100,107 flexilis 17:43 Lambertiana 17 : 43 palustris 11:24. 15:73. 17: 43, 44, 48, 49, 58, 107. pl. 2. f. 2 ponderosa 17:43, 59, 62, 64 resinosa 15:41, 67. 17:107 Strobus 11:24. 15: 41, 47, 48, 67. 17:44, 95, 107 taeda 16:119. 17:44, 47 virginiana 17 : 64, 74, 107, 158, 80; ph. QhK I Pipilo erythrophthalmus 20: 63 Pirola 16:177 Pistia Stratiotes 18 : 196, 218 Plagiopteron 16:178 Planera aquatica 15:61, 67 Plantago 19:181, 190 aristata 18: 218 gnaphalioides (18 : 218) Helleri 18 : 188, 218 inflexa 18 : 218 lanceolata 19: 184, 195, 238 major 15: 42, 67 occidentalis 18 : 188, 218 patagonica aristata 19:164, 175, 184, 189, 195, 238 pusilla 19: 175, 238 Rugelii 19: 174, 175, 184, 195, 199, 238 virginica 19: 175, 195 Wrightiana 18 : 147, 188, 218 Plasmopara cubensis 11 : 66 Platanus occidentalis 15:53, 61, 67. ‘17:44, 47. pl. 28. f. 8. 18:81, 1938, 218. pl. 7. 19: 167, 168, 172, 176, 198, 242 Platycerium 15:21, 80 Platytheca 16 : 182, 190 Pleroma 16: 231, 233 Pluchea camphorata 18: 218. 19: 189, 200, 201, 232 purpurascens 18 : 178, 179, 218 Poa 16:49 amabilis (16:50, 51) annua 16:49. 19:197, 202, 248 / capillaris (16 : 51) capitata (18 : 212, 218) compressa 16:51, 19: 174, 182, 202, 248 , conferta 16:50 eristata (16:51) Eragrostis (16:50) Poa flava (16:49, 50) glomerata (16 : 50) hirsuta (16: 49) pectinacea (16:50) pratensis 16:50, 51. 19:173, 174, 18t,;..183,-484,. 196, 197, 198, 199, 202, 248 quinquefolia (16:51) refracta (16:50) rigida (16:51) seslerioides (16:51) simplex (16 :249) spectabilis (16 : 50) Podalirius 16 : 217, 228 Walshii 16 : 222 zonatus 16 : 224 Podophyllum peltatum 18:92, 19 + 162, 169,. 178, -177,° 578, 198, 216, 258. pl. 18 Poecilandra 16 : 182 Polanisia graveolens 19: 178, 182, 199. 202, 218 trachysperma 18: 218 Polemonium reptans 19:162, 177, 234 Polygala alba 18 : 165, 218 incarnata 18: 218 leptocaulis (18 : 218) Lindheimeri 18 : 218 paludosa 18 : 218 verticillata 19:166, 175, 17%, 199, 220 Polygonatum 11:97: 17:129, 131 giganteum 19:162, 166, 167, 169, 180, 244 multiflorum 17 : 130 Polygonella americana 18 : 218 ericoides 18 : 218 parvifolia 18 : 218 polygama (18 : 218) Polygonum 15:53, 56. 19:181, 185, 193, 225 acre 19:191, 240 amphibium 15: 41, 67 aviculare 19:187, 189, 240 cristatum 18: 218 densiflorum 15:56, 67, 70. pl. Is. f. Lipids dumetorum scandens 19: 176, 184, 185, 240 erectum 19: 189, 240 Hartwrightii 15:46, 67. 19: 185, 240, 258. pl. 17 Hydropiper 19: 189, 193, 240 hydropiperoides 18:189, 218. 19 : 188, 187, 189, 191, 108, 240 : aa ce i INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Polygonum lapathifolium 19 : 240 incarnatum 19: 240 Muhlenbergii 15:53, 54, 67, TOs Db Sel. 1, 2. pe LL. ].. de 19 : 188, 193, 240, 258. pl. 20 persicaria 19:183, 187, 191, 240 ramossissimum 18 : 189, 218 scandens 15:53, 67. 18:154, 218 virginicum 19: 163, 240 Polymnia canadensis 18:189, 218. 19 : 232 Uvedalia 18:179, 219. 193 232 Polypodium 15:60. 18:109 aureum 18:111, 115 incanum 15:58, 67, 71. pl. 19. fond vulgare 18: 119 Polyporus carneus 11 : 36 fomentarius 11 : 24 fulvus 12: 29 gilvus 17:53 igniarius 12: 29 obtusus 16:109-116. pl. 13-17 pinicola 15:76. 16:115 rimosus 12:21, 22, 23, 29, 30, 31. pl. 1-8. 16:115 sulphureus 11:24, 31, 48, 51, 76. pl. 5. f. 6 vaporarius 11 : 49 volvatus 15:75. 16:115 Polypremum procumbens 18: 219 Polypteris callosa 18:179, 219 Hookeriana 18: 218, 219 texana 18; 218, 219 Polytaenia Nuttallii 19 : 166, 226 Polytrichum commune 15: 47 Pontederia 16 : 184, 226 cordata 15:52, 68. 19:168, 244. 20:29 lancifolia (18 : 219) Populus 17:45, 46, 58, 80. pl. 1. fk 10 e888 acuminata 17: 45 balsamifera 15:67. 17:43, 45, 46, 51, 58. pl. 2. f. 2 deltoides 17 : 45 monilifera 15:53, 67, 70. pl. 9.7. 1. 19:179, 184, 187, 188, 189, 192, 194, 242 pyramidalis 17: 46 tremuloides 17:43, 45, 46, 54, 68. pl. 1. f. 2 trichocarpa 17 : 45 Poranthera 16; 201 14 18 : 219. 209 Porella 15:57, 67, 69. pl. 1 Portulaca 19:181 lanceolata 18 : 219 oleracea 19:181, 195, 212, 218 pilosa 20: 140 retusa 18: 219 Potamogeton 15:52, 56. 19: 194 diversifolius spicatus 18 : 219 hybridus 19 : 244 illinoensis 19: 244 lonchites 18 : 150, 196, 219 natans 15:42, 67. 18:219 plantagineus 17 : 182 Potentilla canadensis 19 : 162, 177, 179, 182, 184, 224 fruticosa 15 : 41, 68 norvegica 19:191, 224 palustris 15: 45, 46, 68 rivalis millegrana 19 : 191, 224 supina 19: 224 Prenanthes racemosa 19:163, 232 Primula obconica 16 : 142 stellata 16: 142 Prionoxystus robiniae 215: = spheLke fet Pritchardia sonorae (12:80) Progne subis 20:79 Pronuba maculata 13 :124, 130 aterrima 13:124, 130 synthetica 13: 124, 130 yuccasella 18:82, 85, 87, 89, 124, 125, 130 Proserpinaca palustris 19 : 226 pectinacea 18 : 219 Prosopis juliflora 18 : 167, 207, 219 16:111, 15 : 62. Prunus americana 19:172, 198, 224 Chamaecerasus 14:215, 231 glandulosa 18 : 219 gracilis 18: 219 minutiflora 18:168, 219 persica 19:176, 200, 202, 224 rivularis 18: 168, 219 serotina 17:44. 18: 210, 219. 19:161, 172, 183, 188, 198, 224 virginiana 19:198, 224 Pseudocalyx 16 : 202, 203 Pseudomonas campestris 16 : 149 Pseudotsuga Douglasii 15: 76 mucronata 17 : 43 Psoralea cuspidata 18 : 167, 219 cyphocalyx 18 : 167, 219 esculenta 17:121 floribunda 18 : 219 hypogaea 17:121 seaposa 18: 219 obtusiloba 18 : 219 210 Psoralea Onobrychis 19: 222 palustris 17 :121 pedunculata 17 :121 rhombifolia 18:167, 219 subulata 17 :120, 121 tenuiflora 19: 175, 178, 222 Ptelea Baldwinii 18:162, 219 trifoliata’ 19:169, 172, 220 mollis 18: 219 Pteris 15:71. pl. 22. f. 1 aquilina 18:109, 119. 19 : 168, 165, 166, 250 caudata 15: 62 Pterocaulon virgatum 18 : 219 Ptilimnium laginiatum 18: 211, 219 Puccinia Podophylli 11 : 54 Purpurella 16: 231, 232 cleistopetala 16: 233 hospita 16: 233 Putoria calabrica 14: 216, 231 198, Pycnanthemum lanceolatum 19: 238 linifollum 19:164, 170, 177, 180, 238 muticum pilosum 19 : 164, 238 Pyrrhopappus' carolinianus 18: 219 grandiflorus (18: 219) scaposus 18 : 219 Pyrus americana 15:45, 46, 68 arbutifolia 15:45, 46, 68 coronaria 19:161, 167, 198, 224 Pythius obtusata (11:101, 144) 176, Quercus 17:41, 65, 80. 19:179 alba 11:51, 76. ph 5. f. 6. 17: pl. 23. f. 7. 19: 164, 170, 172, 176, 242 bicolor 19: 186, 192-194, 242 cinerea 18 : 219 coccinea 16:110 tinctoria 19:161, 164, 169, 170, 173, 176, 191, 242 imbricaria 19:161, 169, 191, 242 macrocarpa 19:170, 172, 186, 191, 192, 194, 198, 242 Olivaeformis 19: 242 marilandica 16:109, 111, 112, 118; oe 28. 2 ot 28; f. 2, 8. pl If. 1. Pi 18, 10 Michauxii 15: 61, 68 \ Muhlenbergii 19:161, 164, 169, 170, 176, 191, 194, 242 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Quercus nigra 11:51. 169, 242. palustris 19 : 186, 192, 193, 242 Phellos 17 : 44 Prinus 17: 44 rubra 16:110. 17:43, 44, 93. 19:161, 170, 194, 242 19:161, 164, Schneckii 19:161, 164, 169, 242 stellata 19:161, 164, 169, 176, 242 texana 16:110. 18:193, 219 velutina 16:109, 111, 113, 116. pt. 23.:% 8 Oh 2648 SS pl. 17 virens (18 : 219) virginiana 18:193, 194, 219. 19:25, 33. pl. 1 Quiscalus quiscula aeneus 20:57 Ranunculus’) abortivus 19:170, 1738, 179, 185, 190-193, 198, 216 Harveyi 19: 216 fascicularis 19:164, 170, 197, 199, 216 Ficaria 18 : 87 macranthus 18: 160, 219 multifidus 19 : 216 oblongifolius 18 : 219. 19:191, 216 pusillus Lindheimeri 18: 219 recurvatus 19:170, 216 repens 19:170, 171, 185, 190, 216 macranthus (18: 219) septentrionalis 19:170, 173, 179, 185, 190, 198, 216 texensis (18 : 219) trachyspermus (18: 219) Lindheimeri (18: 219) Rapatea 16 :182 Raphanus 16:121 sativus 19:200, 202 Reussia 16: 184 Rhamnus’7 caroliniana 18: 1638, 219. 19:164, 179, 220 Frangula 11 : 54 lanceolata 18:219. 19:165, 169, 172, 176, 198, 220 Rhamphomicron Herrani 16 : 232 Rhapis flabelliformis 16 : 29 Rhexia 16: 236 glandulosa 16 : 233 virginica 15:47, 68. Rhingia 16 : 220 Rhipsalis 16 : 83, 84 16 : 229 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Rhizocupressinoxylon uniradia- tum 11:64 Rhizophora 15:63, 64 Mangle 15:63, 71. pl. 23, 24 Rhododendron maximum 18:77- 80. pl. 5, 6 Rhus 19: 178 canadensis 19:169, 176, 220 copallina 19: 161, 164, 220 lanceolata 18: 219 leucantha 18:164, 219 diversiloba 17 : 148 glabra 19:161, 164, 169, 176, 181; 197%, 220, 268. pi. 26 Michauxii 20: 11 microphylla 18 :165, 219 Toxicodendron 15:42, 61, 68., 18 :219. 18:167, 168, 172, 176, 179, 181, 1838, 195, 198, 220 trilobata 18: 164, 219 virens 18: 164, 219 Rhynchosia menispermoides 18: 168, 219 ‘minima 18:168, 219 texana 18:168, 219 angustifolia 18:168, 219 Ribes gracile 19: 167, 176, 224 Riccia 15 : 50 fluitans 18:158, 219 natans 19: 168, 187, 188 Ricciocarpus 15 : 50 natans 15:56, 68 Richardia aethiopica 17 : 132 Ricinella myricaefolia 18 ; 148, 219 Ricinoides 12 : 33, 73 Rivina laevis 18 : 189, 219 portulaccoides 18 : 189, 219 Robinia hispida 19: 200 Pseudacacia 12 : 21-31, pl. 7, 2, Sud ¢ Los. Ol. 26. 72. ,19:2 183; 200, 202, 222 Roezlia (18 : 41) bulbifera (13 : 105, 130. 18 : 73) regia (18: 105, 130. 18: 73) Rosa 16 : 217, 229. 17:117, 149 arkansana 19:176, 224 planda 19:166, 176, 224 Carolina 15: 42, 58, 68, 71. pl. £0. 7. J foliolosa 18 : 219 humilis 19 :166, 176, 224 rugosa 17:116, 117, pl. 15. f. 1; 2 setigera 19 :172, 179, 194, 224 Rotala ramosior 19: 183, 189, 193, 226. 21h Rottboellia cylindrica 18 : 219, 221 dimidiata (16 : 55) rugosa 16:55 Roulinia unifaria 18 : 143, 182, 219 Rubus 17: 64 canadensis 19:176, 224 hispidus 15 : 47, 68 occidentalis 19: 176, 179, 224 strigosus 17 : 87 triflorus 15:42, 68 trivialis 18 : 168, 219 villosus 19:176, 179, 194, 224 Rudbeckia alismaefolia 18 : 219 amplexicaulis 18 : 212, 219 bicolor 18 : 219 hirta 19: 164, 178, 182, 232 laciniata 19: 173, 180, 184, 232 triloba 19: 165, 170, 232 Ruellia ciliosa 18: 212, 219. 236 longiflora 18 : 212, 219 Drummondiana 18:147, 186, 212, 219 justiciaeflora (18 : 214, 219) Parryi 18 : 186, 219 strepens 19 : 236 cleistantha 18 : 212, 219 tuberosa 18 : 186, 212, 219 Rumex 19:185 Acetosella 19:175, 197, 240 altissimus 19 : 240 crispus 19:187, 191, 240 maritimus 19 : 187, 191, 240 obtusifolius 19: 175, 240 verticillatus 15:42, 68. 240 Ruppia maritima 18 : 219 Rustia 16 : 203 Rutosma texana 18: 219, 221 193 193 Sabal 12:79, 80 Blackburniana 15 : 62 mexicana 12:79, 80. 19 : 25 Palmetto 12:79. 16. pl. 39-41, 48, 44. 19:25, 33. pl. 2 uresana 12:79, 80. pl. 35-87 Sabbatia angularis 19: 165, 234 calycosa 18 : 219 campestris 18 : 219 Saccharum giganteum (16 : 33) 16 : 164. Sagittaria 11:145-151. 19: 169, 183 arifolia 16 : 103 brevirostra 16: 102 ecalycina 11:147. 19: 244 fluitans 11:145 — maxima 11: 147 212 Sagittaria calycina media 11: 147 spongiosa 11 :148, 150 cuneata 16: 103 Eatoni 11: 150, 151. pl. 58 graminea 18: 220. 19: 244 heterophylla 19 : 244 latifolia 16 : 102 longiloba 16: 103 papillosa 18 : 220 platyphylla 18: 155, 220 simplex (18 : 220) stolonifera 18 : 220 teres 11: 150 variabilis 15 : 41, 53, 54, 68, 70. pt. 11. f. 1. 19:169, 192, 193, 244 latifolia 19: 193, 244 Salicornia fruticosa 15 : 64 Salix 17:41, 44, 46. 19:188, 194 alba 17 : 46 amygdaloides 15:53, 54, 68, 10. “Oh BF of 8. 7. 1, 2%. 19 : 192, 193, 242 amygdaloides X nigra 19: 192, 193, 242 cordata 19: 192 cordata xX sericea 19:184, 186, 188, 198, 242 fluviatilis 17 : 46 fragilis 17 : 46 glaucophylla 15:41, 68 Humboldtiana 18 :194, 219 longifolia 15:53, 54, 68, 170. pl. 9. f. 2. 19:184, 186-189, 191-193, 242 lucida 15 : 42, 68 nigra 15:54, 68, 70. pl. 8. f. 2. o.0; f, 1, 2. pl 80. f. 1. 18 1 194, 219. 19:184, 186, 188, 192, 193, 198, 242 rostrata 15: 49, 68 sericea 19: 186, 242 Thurberi 18 : 194, 219 viminalis 17 : 46 Salsola Kali Tragus 19:195, 240 Salvia azurea 18: 187, 219 ballotaeflora 18 : 187, 219 Engelmanni 18 : 187, 219 farinacea 18:146, 153, 188, 219 pentstemonoides 18: 153, 188, 219 Roemeriana 18 : 146, 188, 219 texana 18 : 146, 188, 219 Salviastrum texanum (18:146, 219) Sambucus canadensis 19: 161, 167, 172, 176, 188, 194, 198, 228 187, MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Samolus ebracteatus 18 : 220 Valerandi americanus 19:18T7 Samuela 18:29, 116, 122-124, 130 carnerosgna 13:27, 117, 118, 120, 183, °136,.198, 129,. 1246. pl. 76-79, 80. f. 1. pl. 81. pl. 85. f. 12. pl. 87. f. 2. pl. 98 Faxoniana 13:112, 117, 125, 128-130. pl. 78-75. pl. 82. f. 8. pl. 68. f. 12, oF be Sandersonia 16: 187 Sanguinaria canadensis 19:171, 179, 198, 204, 216 Sanicula canadensis 18 : 220 marylandica 19: 162, 166, 169, 171, 180, 328 canadensis 19:171, 198, 226 Santarita 20 : 82 Santolina 19:11 Sapindus Drummondii 18 : 164, 220 marginatus (18 : 220) Saponaria officinalis 19: 200, 202, 218 Sarracenia Drummondii 15:7 flava 13: 18 purpurea 15 : 44, 46, 47, 68, 69. pl. 6 Sassafras 17: pl. 23. f. § officinale 15:68, 71. pl. 20.7.2. 19: 161, 164, 165, 170, 240 Sassafras 17 : 48, 47, 58. pl. &. f. 3, 4 Saurauia 16 :178, 179, 217 cauliflora 16: 217 nudiflora 16 : 217 Saururus cernuus 15:56, 68, 70. pl. 1}. 7, J. 192185, 193, 240 Sauvagesia 16: 193 Saxifraga 20:138 Forbesii (20 : 138, 139) pennsylvanica (20: 138) texana (20: 139) virginiensis (20:139) Saxo-Fridericia 16 : 182 Scheuchzeria palustris 15 : 46, 68, 69. pl. 6 Schizophyllum alneum 16: 115 Scirpus lacustris 19: 169 Schoenocaulon Drummondii 150, 155, 195, 196, 220 texanum (18:150, 220) Schoenocephalium 16 : 182 Schrankia angustata 18 : 220 platycarpa (18 : 220) Roemeriana 18: 168, 217, 220 uncinata 19 : 180 Schumacheria 16 : 178 Schuurmansia 16 : 182, 192 173, 18 ¢ INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Schuurmansia Henningsii 16 : 228 Scilla angusta (18: 209, 220) Scirpus atrovirens 19:185, 246 fluviatilis 15:51, 68. 19: 246 lacustris 15 : 41, 50, 53,68. 18: 220. 19:183, 246 maritimus 15 : 52-54, 68-70. pl. &-f.. 1, 2. pt.29 Olneyi 18 : 220 Sclerocarpus major 18:179, 207, 220 Scleropoa rigida 16: 51 Sclerotinia 16 : 149-151 Libertiana 16 : 149, 151. pl. 32- 34 Scolopendrium 18 : 109 Scrophularia nodosa marylandica 19 : 236 Scutellaria canescens 19: 177, 180, 238 cardiophylla 18: 220 Drummondii 18 : 188, 220 galericulata 15 : 45, 68 lateriflora 15: 49, 68. 19:193, 238 parvula 19:177, 238 versicolor 18:146, 220. 19: 163, 177, 238 bracteata 18 : 146 Wrightii 18 : 153, 220 Sebastiana ligustrina 18 : 220, 221 Sedum pulchellum 20: 140 sparsiflorum (18 : 220) Torreyi 18:169, 220. 20:140 Senecio ampullaceus 18: 220 aureus 16:107, 108 19: 162, 173; 185, 186, 232 — Balsamitae (18: 220). 19: 185, 232 Balsamitae 18 : 220 Douglasii 18 : 220 lobatus 19: 93, 232 obovatus rotundus 18:179, 220 pseudaureus 16: 108 Riddellii (18 : 220) semicordatus 16 : 107 Sequoia 11: 60 gigantea 11 : 66 sempervirens 11: 66. 17: 43 Wellingtonia 17 : 43, 48 Sesbania Cavanillesii 18: 211, 220 macrocarpa 18 : 168, 220 Sesuvium portulacastrum 15 : 64 Setaria glauca 16 : 34. 19 : 181, 195, 202, 248 imberbis 16: 34 15: 76. 213 Setaria italica 19:181, 195, 202, 248 polystachya (18:151, 220) viridis 19: 181, 195, 202, 248 Seutera maritima 18 : 220, 222 Seymeria bipinnatisecta texana 18 : 153, 186, 220 macrophylla 19:171, 236 Shorea 16 : 194 Sicydium Lindheimeri 220) Sicyos angulatus 15:53, 68. 18: 171, 220. 19:178, 198, 226 Sida 16 : 231 angustifolia 18 : 220 anomala mexicana (18 : 220) cilians fasciculata 18 : 220 cuneifolia 18 : 220 diffusa 18 : 220 filicaulis (18 : 220) filipes 18 : 220 hastata 18 : 220 heterocarpa (18 : 220) Lindheimeri 18 : 220 physocalyx (18 : 220) spinosa 19 : 220 tragiaefolia 18 : 220 Sieglingia acuminata 18:157, 22 albescens 18: 157, 220 Silene Antirrhina 18 : 220. 19 : 166, 177,9218 media 19 : 202 stellata 19; 218 Silphium asperrimum 18 : 180, 226 Gatesii 17 :125 integrifolium 19: 166, 180, 182, 19959232 laciniatum 18 : 22 perfoliatum 19:185, 232 Reverchoni 17 : 125 scaberrimum 18:180, 220 terebinthinaceum 19:175, 232 Simsia calva (18 : 212, 220) Sinapis arvensis 17 :144 Siphonoglossa pilosella 18: 146, 186, 220 Sisymbrium 17: 149 (18 : 217, altissimum 19:195, 199, 201, 218 canescens 18: 220. 19 : 175, 190, 195, 218 officinale 19 : 175, 190, 195, 199, 201,218 Sisyrinchium albidum 19: 162, 164, 182, 242 anceps 19:162, 164, 175, 182, 242 angustifolium 18 : 220 minus (18 : 220) 214 Sium cicutaefolium 15: 54, 56, 68, 70. gf. 9. 7. 8. 19: 2:188, 193, 226 Sloanea 16:178, 179 Smilacina racemosa 19:162, 166, 167, 169, 180, 244, 258. pl. 13 trifolia 15:47, 68 Smilax Bona-nox 18: 196, 220 ecirrhata 19: 176, 244 herbacea 19:163, 168, 172, 176, 244 hispida 19: 163, 168, 172, 176, 244 hortensis (12 : 93, 165) minor (12:98, 165) lanceolata 18 : 220 siliqua sursum rigente (12: 93, 165) tamnoides (18: 196, 220) Soja hispida (12 : 147) Solanum 16 : 167, 182, 188, 190, 196- 198, 204, 214, 225, 227, 228, 236, 241, 244, 245. 17 : 183, 134 Balbisii 16 : 221 carolinense 16:220. 19:174, 182, 189, 190, 195, 236 Dulcamara 15:42, 68. 16: 219, 220 elaeagnifolium 16:220. 18: 153, 185, 220. 19: 236 floribundum 16: 147 grandiflorum 16 : 220 insanum 16: 219 Lindheimerianum (18: 145, 185, 220) Lycopersicum 16: 219. 151 mammosum (18 : 220) Melongena 17 : 134 nigrum 16: 219, 220. 17:151. 19:171, 184, 187-190, 236 pollinacanthum 16 : 220 Pseudo-capsicum 17:151 rostratum 16:221, 225, 226. 18 :145, 185, 220. 19:182, 202, 286 sisymbrifolium 16 : 221, (221) texense (18 : 220) Torreyi 18: 185, 220 toxicarum 16: 220 , triquetrum 18 : 145, 185, 220 Lindheimerianum 18: 145, 185, 220 tuberosum 16: 219 Solea concolor 19: 218 Solidago 19: 197, 199 angustifolia (18 : 220) Boottii 18 : 220 ag 3 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Solidago canadensis 19:168, 175, 182, 190, 232 F canescens 18: 180, 220 scabra 18:180, 220 decemflora (18 : 220, 221) Drummondii 19: 168, 178, 222, 258. pl. 12 incana (18 : 221) lanceolata 19: 193, 232 latifolia 19:172, 180, 232 leptocephala 18 : 221 missouriensis 19 : 232 nemoralis 18:180, 221. 175, 232 ——incana 18 : 221 nitida 18 : 221 patula 15 : 42, 68 petiolaris 19: 166, 175, 232 radula 18:180, 220, 221. 19: 164, 232. rotundifolia (18: 180, 221) rigida 19:164-166, 232 rotundifolia (18 : 180, 221) scaberrima (18:180, 221) sempervirens 15: 64 serotina 19:175, 182, 190, 232 speciosa 19: 164, 175, 232 rigidiuscula 18:180, 221 stricta angustifolia 18 : 220, 221 tenuifolia 18 : 221 tortifolia 18 : 221 ulmifolia 19: 168, 232 Sollya 16:188, 198, 212 linearis 16: 219 Sonchus asper 19:190, 232 oleraceus 19:190, 232 Sophora affinis 18 : 221 secundiflora 18: 168, 221 speciosa (18 : 221) Sorghum halepense 19: 200, 202 Sparganium eurycarpum 19: 244 simplex androcladum 19: 244 Spartina cynosuroides 19: 183, 185, 248 glabra (16: 45) junciformis (18 : 221) polystachya 16: 45 stricta 16 : 45 Spathanthus 16 : 182 Specularia coloradoensis 18 : 142, 209, 221 Lindheimeri (18 : 221) perfoliata 19 : 234 Spermacoce 16: 231 glabra 18 : 221. 19: 170). (irs, 19 : 228 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Sphaeralcea Lindheimeri 18 ; 221 pedatifida 18 ; 216, 221 Sphaeria 17: 62 Sphaerosepalum 16: 215 Sphagnum 15: 45-47, 62, 69. pl. 6 Squarrosum 15:49, 68 Spigelia marilandica 14: 216, 231 texana 18: 221 Spiraea Aruncus 19: 162, 166 Spiranthes cernua 18: 194, 221 vernalis 18 : 221 Spirodela 15 : 53, 68 polyrrhiza 15 : 68. Spizella socialis 20: 62 Sporobolus 16: 45 19 : 244 asper 183156, 221, 222, 19%: 178, 248 ecryptandrus strictus 18: 156, wed depauperatus 18:150, 221 junceus 16:38 vaginaeflorus 19 : 178, 190, 248 Sporotrichum 17:81, 82, 84, 85, 87-89, 95, 112 chlorinum grisea 17: 81 vellereum grisea 17: 88 Stachybotrys alternans 17 : 104 Stachys agraria 18:188, 221 aspera 19: 238 palustris 19 :181, 191, 238 umbrosa 18: 146, 221 Stapelia affinis 13: 23 gigantea 13: 21 grandiflora (13 : 27) rufescens (138 : 23) Staphylea 20: 118-120 trifolia 19:167, 168, 172, 198, 220 Statice latifolia 16 : 22 Lefroyi 15: 64 Staurogyne 16; 201 Stegolepis 16 :182 Steironema ciliatum 19: 184, 234 lanceolatum 19:184, 234 Stellaria longifolia 19 :185, 218 media 19: 195, 218 prostrata 18 :161, 221 Stemonites 17: 104 Stemonoporus 16: 182, 194, 214 Stenosiphon linifollum 18: 170, gal virgatus 18 : 221 Stenotaphrum secundatum 16: 55 Stereum hirsutum 17: 52 Stilbum 17: 80, 95 Stillingia angustifolia L464, 19151221 ligustrina (18 : 220, 221) linearifolia (18:191, 221) 18 : 147, 215 Stillingia sylvatica 18 : 221 linearifolia (18 :148, 154, 1918221) Stipa 16: 45 avenacea 16: 45 barbata 16:45 bicolor 16:45 ciliata 18 :151, 221 diffusa (16 : 46) spicata (16: 46) villosa (16 : 46) Storckiella 16: 189, 200, 215 Strelitzia Reginae 17 : 132 Streptanthus bracteatus 18; 143, 161221 hyacinthoides 18 : 221 petiolaris 18 : 221 Streptopus roseus 15:49, 68 Strophostyles angulosa 19: 180, 1907 222 helvola 18 : 221 palustris 15:53, 68 paucifiora 19:190, 222 Strumpfia 16:182, 198, 214 Sturnella magna 20: 53 Stylophorum diphyllum 19; 196, 216 Stylosanthes elatior 19:175, 178, 1998 222 Symphoria punicea (14:127, 231) Symphoricarpus microphyllus 14: ZLop 231 puniceus (14:65, 127, 231) racemosus 14: 216, 217, 231 Spicatus 18:172, 221 vulgaris 19;:169, 176, 198, 228 Symplocarpus foetidus 15:49, 68 Syntherisma 16 : 43 praecox (16: 43) serotina (16: 44) villosa (16 : 44) Tacori (18:91, 180) Talinum aurantiacum 18 : 221 calycinum 20:140 lineare 18 : 221 parviflorum 20:140 patens sarmentosum 18: 221 sarmentosum (18: 221) Taraxacum officinale 19: 180, 181, 185, 199, 232 Tauschia Coulteri 18 : 221 texana (18 : 217, 221) Taxodium 11 : 28, 31, 39, 46, 47, 49, 55, 57, 62, 63, 65, 66, 68, 70, T2a3, 10, pb 2. 13 31238, 130 distichum 11: 23-77, pl. 1, 4. [46 5. DL 6.51.2, S$; 4: 6. 7, 8: 216 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Taxodium distichum 15 : 56, 58, 68, 70, 71. pl. 15. pL.-2£0. 7.3. “17448. 126: 164, 232i. mucronatum 11 : 66 Taxus canadensis 15: 48, 68 Tecoma radicans 15:53, 61, 68. a7 r150. 26:3 172, 178, 182, 183, 185, 195, 236, 258. pl. 12 Tecophilaea 16: 182, 186, 227 Tephrosia Lindheimeri 18 : 221 onobrychoides 18 : 221 virginiana 18:221. 19: 222 Tetracera 16 : 217 Tetragonotheca ludoviciana 18: 214, 231 texana 18:180, 214, 221 Tetratheca 16:182, 190 Teucrium canadense 19: 238 cubense 18: 221 laciniatum 18: 153, 188, 221 Thalia dealbata 18 : 221 Thalictrum purpurascens 15: 42, 68. 10: 162, 177, 198, 216 Thamnosma texana 18:162, 217, 221 Thaspium aureum 19 : 162, 166, 226 trifoliatum 19:162, 226 Thelesperma (ffilifolium 18: 211, 221 simplicifolium 18: 180, 221 Thomasia 16: 182, 190 Thuidium delicatulum 15: 49, 68 Thuja occidentalis 15 : 7, 41, 45, 46, 48, 68, 69. pl. 2. 17:44, 158, 157, 159, 180, 181. pi. 20. pl. 53,.7.2 Thurberia arkansana 18: 156, 221 Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis 17:153-181 pil. 20-26 Thysanella fimbriata 18 : 221 Tibouchina 16: 231, 232 gloriosa 16: 232 Moricandiana 16 : 231 Tiedemannia rigida 19 : 226 Tilia americana 17:43. 19:194, 198, 220 Tillandsia 16:165. pl. 42 angusta 18: 38 bulbosa picta (12: 17) Caput Medusae 12:17 recurvata 18: 149, 194, 221 usneoides 18: 194, 221 Tithymalus (11:85, 86, 89, 90, 144) acicularis (111: 134, 144) angustifolius (11: 134, 144) arkansanus (11:102, 144) campester (11:131, 144) Tithymalus commutatus (11:118, 144) Cyparissas (11:134, 144) Cyparissias (11 :134, 144) discolor (11 :136, 144) Esula (11:1386, 144) esulaeformis (11:131, 144) exiguus (11 :112, 144) Helioscopius (11:109, 144) Lathyris (11:93, 144) linifolius (11:1386, 144) lucidus (11 :137, 144) obtusatus (11 :101, 144) Peplus (11:113, 144) platyphyllos (11:99, 144) rotundifolius (11:118, 144} serratus (11: 109, 144) trichotomus (11 :111, 144) tristis (11:136, 144) Toxostoma rufum 20:72 Tracyanthus angustifolius 17: 119 texanus 17 :119 Tradescantia australis 16:100 difformis 16: 100, 101 gigantea 16:101 Harbisoni 16: 100, 101 texana 16:101 virginica 19:163, 180, 244 Tragia brevispica 18 : 221 nepetaefolia ramosa 18: 191, 221 scutellariaefolia (18: 148, 221) teucriifolia 18 :148, 191, 221 nigricans 17 : 122 scutellariaefolia (18 : 148, 221) stylaris angustifolia 18 : 148, 192,-221 teucriifolia (18 : 148, 191) urens 17:122 urticaefolia 18 : 221 Trametes Pini 11:24, 26, 28, $1,. 34-36, 46, 61, 66 Tremandra 16: 182 Tremanthera 16:178, 181 Tresenthera 16: 203 Tribulus grandiflorus 19 : 195, 200,. 202 maximus 18 : 215, 221 Trichodium decumbens 16:38 elatum 16 : 39 laxiflorum 16: 38 Trichomanes 18: 119 Trichopilia suavis 15: 30 Trichostema dichotomum 18: 221 Tricyrtis 16 : 187 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Trientalis americana 15 : 42, 49, 68 Trifolium 19: 182 amphianthum 18: 221 hybridum 19:189, 190, 202, wae pratense 19 : 179, 184, 190, 202, 222 procumbens 19: 162, 222 reflexum 18: 221. 19: 224 repens 19:174, 175, 179, 184, 190, 202, 224 stoloniferum 19 : 224 Trigona elegantula 16 : 222 lilliput 16 : 222 ruficrus 16 : 223, 230 Trillium erectum 19: 224 recurvatum 19:162, 169, 173, 180, 198, 244 sessile 19:162, 169, 173, 180, 198, 244 Triodia cuprea 16: (50), 51. 181, 248 Triosteum angustifolium 19: 162, 199, 228 perfoliatum 19:162, 199, 228 Triplasis purpurea 16: 46 Tripsacum cylindricum (18: 219, 221) dactyloides 16 : 55 Trisetum pennsylvanicum 16:53 Trochilus colubris 20:78 Troglodytes aedon 20:73 Tsuga canadensis 17:44. pl. 24. 1; -6 heterophylla 17 : 44 19: Tulipa 16:13, 229. 17:18, 129. 18:11. 19:11. 20:13, 21, 22 Gesneriana 17 : 129, 132 Typha latifolia 15:41, 46, 54, 56, 68, 69, 70. pl. 8. pl. 4. pl. 14. fed. aS tdi. 19 s 181, 183; 193, 244 Tyrannus tyrannus 20: 48 Tyria myricaefolia (18: 148, 221) Ulmus 17: 41, 64. alata 15:61, 68. 18:193, 221 americana 15:42, 68. 17: 44, 47ie AO sy tTS, 186; 4192, -194, 195, 198, 242, 258. pl. 19 crassifolia 18: 193, 221 fulva 15:53, 68. 19:161, 169, 183, 186, 191, 194, 242 Uncinula necator 11: 54 Ungnadia speciosa 18 : 164, 222 Uniola 16 : 48 gracilis 18 : 222 18 :189, 221 217 Uniola latifolia 16:49. 18:199, 222. 19 : 168, 180, 248 paniculata 16: 48 spicata 16: 48 Uredo segetum 11: 39 Uromyces phaseoli 12: 88 Urostigma (19 : 26) Schiedeanum (16 : 162) Urtica chamaedryoides 18: 155, 193, 222 gracilis 19 : 242 purpurascens (18 : 222) Utricularia biflora 19: 195, 226 cornuta 18 : 222 personata (18 : 222) subulata 18 : 222 vulgaris 19 : 236 Uvularia perfoliata 19:173, 198, 244 Vaccinium arboreum 18: 222 canadense 15 : 45-47, 68 macrocarpon 15: 43, 68 Oxycoccus 15:46, 68, 69. pl. 6 uliginosum 15 : 46, 68, 69. pl. 6 Vitis-Idaea 15 : 46, 68, 69. pl. 6 Valerianella amarella (18 :172, 213, 9222) radiata 19:185, 228 stenocarpa 18 :172, 213, 222 Vallea 16:178, 179 Vallisneria spiralis 15:42, 69 Valsa ceratophora 12:21 Vanilla 17: 129 planifolia 17 : 130 Vatica 16: 194 Verbascum 17 : 149 Blattaria 19 : 175, 236 Myconi 16: 219 Thapsus 19: 164, 165, 174, 176, 178, 181, 184, 189, 195, 236 Verbena 19: 186 angustifolia 19:174, 197, 236 Aubletia 19: 164, 174, 236 bipinnatifida 18 : 186, 222 bracteosa 19: 197, 238 canescens 18 :146, 187, 222 ciliata 18: 146, 187, 222 hastata 19 : 238 officinalis 18 : 187, 222 Roemeriana (18 :146, 222) spuria (18 : 222) stricta 19: 147, 190, 199, 238 strigosa (18 : 222) urticaefolia 18 :187, 222, 19: 174, 190, 197, 199, 238 xutha 18 : 222 Verbesina encelioides 19: 200, 202, 232 . Verbesina helianthoides 19: 1638, 164, 170, 232 Wrightii 18 : 207, 222 Vernonia altissima 19:196, 232 angustifolia 18 ; 222 Baldwinii 19 : 232 ‘fasciculata 19:185, 187, 232 interior 18: 180, 222 Lindheimeri 18: 180, 222 noveboracensis 19:164, 170, 177, 180, 185, 186, 232, 258. pl. 19 Veronica arvensis 19:199, 236 peregrina 18:186, 222. 19: 183, 189, 236 virginica 19: 236 Verticillium 17:114. pl. 12. f. 1, 2 Vesicaria (14:30, 77, 231) alpina (18 : 215, 222) angustifolia (18 : 216, 222) arctica (18 : 215, 222) argyrea (18 : 215, 222) auriculata (18 : 215, 222) densiflora (18: 215, 222) Engelmanni (18 : 215, 222) Fendleri (18 : 215, 222) Gordoni (18 : 215, 222) gracilis (18 : 215, 222) grandiflora (18: 216, 222) Lindheimeri (18 : 216, 222) ludoviciana (18: 216, 222) Nuttallii (18 : 216, 222) pallida (18 : 216, 222) recurvata (18 : 216, 222) repanda (18 : 216, 222) Shortii (18 : 215, 222) stenophylla (18 : 215, 222) Viburnum cassinoides 15 : 47, 69 dahuricum 14: 216, 231 Lentago 19:172, 198, 228 prunifolium 19:161, 164, 228 rufotomentosum 18:172, 222, 19: 170, 228 Vicia 12:81, 164 caroliniana texana (18: 168, 222) 'Faba 12:82, 84-86, 149, 155, 164. pl. 47. 17:149 equina (12:150, 164) Leavenworthii 18 : 168, 222 sativa 19; 202 texana 18: 168, 222 Victoria 12:14. 15:19. 18:11 Vigna 12: 81, 82, 164 Catjang 12:84, 146, 164 glabra (18 : 222) angustifolia (18 : 222) luteola 18 ; 222 218 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Vigna luteola angustifolia 18 ; 222 Viguiera brevipes (18 : 222) helianthoides 18:180, 222 Vilfa aspera 19: 197 utilis (18 : 222) Vincetoxicum palustre 18: 220, 222 Viola blanda 15:42, 49, 69 Obliqua 18 : 161, 222 palmata 19: 162, 169, 176, 179, 218 cucullata 19:162, 169, 177, 179, 218 pedata 19:164, 218 bicolor 19:164, 218 pedatifida 19 : 218 pubescens 19: 218 Rafinesquii 19 1175, 170,. 197, 218 striata 19:196, 218 Vireo bellii 20:67 gilvus 20:67 Viscum album 19: 32 Vitis 16:64 aestivalis 18 : 164, 222. 193 220 bipinnata (18: 210, 222) candicans 18 : 222 cinerea 15:53, 69. 19:172, 183, 185, 192, 194, 198, 220 cordata 19 :172 cordifolia 19:118, 167, 185, 192, 194, 198, 220 incisa (18: 210, 222) palmata 19:185, 220 riparia 15:58, 69. 19:168, 169,.:172,- 176," 188, 1865, 198, 198, 220 praecox 19: 220 rupestris 18: 164, 222 vulpina 18 : 222 Volucella 16 ;: 220 Vriesia imperialis 18 : 38 Wallacea 16: 182, 192 Walleria 16 :182, 185, 186 Washingtonia sonorae 12:80 Wissadula holosericea 18 : 207, 222 Wistaria 17:64, 80 Wolffia 15:53 columbiana 15 : 69 punctata 19:168, 244 Woodsia obtusa 19: 163, 178, 250 Xanthisma texanum 18: 210, 222 Xanthium 19: 255 bubalocarpon 17 :123 INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. Xanthium canadense 19: 173, 282 commune 16: 107 glabratum 16:107 inflexum 16 : 106 pennsylvanicum 16: 107 speciosum (16:106). 17:124 strumarium 19: 232 Xanthorrhoea 13:71, 131 Xanthoxylum carolinianum (18: 222) Clava-Herculis 18 :162, 222 fruticosum 18:162 Xenodochus ligniperda 11:51, 76. vty ashes org Xylocopa 16: 218, 220, 221, 2238- 225, 228, 230, 234 artifex 16 : 224 barbata 16 : 228 Xylosteum (14: 28-31, 37, 40, 41, 231) alpigenum (14:105, 231) alpinum (14:105, 231) arboreum (14:132, 133, 231) asperifolium (14:92, 231) asperrimum (14:92, 231) Bungeanum (14 : 62, 63, 231) campaniflorum (14:97, 231) chrysanthum subtomento- sum (14:135, 231) ciliatum (14:64, 231) album (14: 216, 231) coeruleum (14:68, 231) conjugiale (14:115, 231) cordatum (14:126, 231) dumetorum (14:137, 2381) flexuosum (14:161, 231) gibbiflorum (14:140, 231) hispidum (14:98, 231) maximum (14:94, 231) ibericum (14:79, 231) involucratum (14:99, 231) Karelinii (14:110, 231) Ledebourii (14:101, 232) ligustrinum (14:76, 232) Loureiri (14:150, 232) Maackii (14: 141, 232) Maximowiczii (14:116, 232) mexicanum (14:65, 232) Naisoca (14:76, 232) nigrum (14:122, 232) oblongifolium (14:101, 232) orientale (14:117, 232) Philomelae (14:65, 232) Phylomaelae (14 : 65, 232) puniceum (14: 127, 232) purpurascens (14: 56, 232) pyrenaicum (14: 97, 130, 232) 184, 189, 219 Xylosteum scandens (14:154, 232) Sieversianum( 14: 62, 68, 232); Solonis (14:78, 232) spinosum (14: 48, 232) tataricum(14:64, 126, 232) grandiflorum (14:128, 232) utahense (14: 64, 232) villosum (14:73, 102, 232) vulgare (14:137, 232) Xyris bulbosa (18 : 222) caroliniana scabra 18 : 222 flexuosa 18 : 222 torta 18 : 222 Yuca (13:72, 131) foliis Aloes (13:72, 131) filamentosis (13: 47, 131) perana (13:72, 181) Yucea 12:17. 18:24, 27-133. pl. 8-72, 80, 82-99. 14:22. 17: 18. 18: 225-230. pl. 12-17 acaulis (13: 114, 131. 18:33, 3) acrotricha (13 : 114, 131) acuminata (13:72, 74, 179, 13 acutifolia (18:74, 1381) agavoides (13:96, 131) alba-spica (13:54, 57, 131) x albella 18: 115, 131 albospica (13 : 57, 82, 105, 131) aletriformis (13 :114, 131) aloefolia versicolor (13:90, 131) aloifolia 13 :(39), 45, 81, 82, 84, 86-90, (94), 110, 116, 122- 124, 127, 129, 131. pl. 45, 49. pl. 84. f. 6. pl. 95. 18 : 228. 19 : 284 arcuata 13:90, 92, 131 Menandi 13:90, 131 tenuifolia 138: 90, 131 conspicua 13:89, 92, 131 Draconis 13:89, 91, 95, 131 131 flexifolia (13:92, 131) —— marginata 13: 89, 90, 131 Menandi 13:90, 93, 127, 131. pl. 50 —— purpurea 13: 89, 90, 131 quadricolor (13:91, 131) roseo-marginata (13:91, 131) stenophylla (13:88, 131) conspicua 13: 89, | 220 Yucca aloifolia tenuifolia 18:90, 93, 131 tricolor 18:89, 91, 131 — variegata (13: 82, 90, 181) —— yucatana 13:90, 93, 131 xX Andreana 13:77, 131 angustifolia (13:54, 56, 60, 79, 82, 88, 114, 131) elata (18 : 56, 131) mollis (18:63, 131. 196, 222) radiosa (13:56, 131) stricta (18:61, 64, 131) angustissima 13:45, 58, 126, 129, 131. pl. 28. f. 2. pl. 24. f. 1. pl. 88. f. 6. pl. 98 arborescens (13:41, 42, 89, 131) arcuata (13:92, 131) argospatha (13 : 96, 131) argyrophylla (18:105, 131. 18 : 73) arkansana 18:45, 53-55, 62, 63, 126, 129, 131. pl. 80, 31. pl. 83. f. 7. pl. 92. 18:196, 222 armata (13:88, 131) aspera (13:96, 131) Atkinsi (13:90, 131) australis 13 : 46, 100, 103, 108, 109, (117), 119, 120, 128, 129, 131. pl. 60, 62. pl. 85. f. 2. pl. 96. 18: 227, 228 baccata 18:46, 109, (113), (119), 121, 122, 128, 129, 131. pl. 68, 69. pl. 85. f. 4. pl. 97. 18 : 230 australis (13: 103, 106, 110, 111, 113, 131) circinata (13: 103, 18 : 228) . fragilifolia (18 : 103, 131) genuina (13:111, 131) — Hystrix (13:103, 106, 131) —macrocarpa (13: 104, 110, 111, 117, 131) periculosa (13:103, 131. 18 : 228) scabrifolia (13 : 103, 131) 18: 105, 131. Barrancasecca (13:114, 131) Boerhaavii (13:80, 131) Boscii (18 :114, 131) brasiliensis (13:75, 131) brevifolia 18: (41), (42), 46, 100, (103), 127, 128, 131. pil. 57-59, 96 x x x ~ a MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Yucca californica (13:39, 40, 95, 131) canaliculata (138 : 97, 105, 131.. 18 : 229) —— filifera (18 : 103, 1381) pendula (13:97, 131) Carrierei 18:74, 131 circinata (13: 103, 131. 18: 228) concava (13:49, 131) conspicua (13:92, 131) constricta 13 : 45, 54, (56), 126, 120, 181, pl: :30;-p0. 82.-f. Le pl. 88. f. 4. pl. 92 contorta (13:67, 96, 131). cornuta (18:82, 96, 131) crenulata (13: 88, 131) decipiens 18 : 227, 228 Deleuili 18:67, 74, 131 De Smetiana 13:45, 87, 127, 131. pl. 48 dracaenoides 18:77, 131 Draco (13:91, 131) Draconis (13: 88, 91, 131) arborescens (18:41, 42, 131) elata (13:56, 58, 131) elegantisstma 138:115, 131 elephantipes 13 : 45, 71, 92, 94, 123, 127, 129, 181... pi. $6, 62, 82. pt. 84. f. 7% 183226 Ellacombei (18:75, 131) elmensis 13:116, 131 Endlichiana 18 : 229, 230. pl. 15-17 Engelmanni (13:39, 131) ensifera 18:79, 131 ensifolia (18:80, 131) exigua (18: 52, 131) Eylesii (13:80, 131) falcata (18 : 80, 131) filamentosa 18: (39), 44, 46, 47, (48-58, 64), 81-83, 87, 116, 120, 122, 126, 126, 181. pt. 8, 12, 89, 91 —antwerpensis (13: 51, 131) —— aurea elegantissima (13 + 48, 131) bicolor (13:48, 131) bracteata 18:47, 48, 125, 131. pl. 9, 90 concava 13:47, 49, 84, 125, 129, 131. pt. 20. pl. 88. f. 1. pl. 90 — flaccida (13:49, 131) —glaucescens (13:51, 82, 131) 104, 106,. - INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. 221 Yucca filamentosa grandiflora (13:52, 131) laevigata (13:49, 132) — latifolia (13:49, 132) major (13 :115, 116, 132) — maxima (13:48, 52, 132) — media 13 : 47, 49, 125, 132. pl. 11 —patens 13:47, 48, 132. pl. 89 —puberula (13:50, 132) — variegata 13 : 47, 48, (77), 132 filifera (13 : 103-106, 132. 18: 229) flaccida 13 : 44, 49-51, (51), 83, 84, 116, 122, 126, 132. pl. 16, 19 —exigua 13:52, 132 —glaucescens 13:50, 51, 226;,129; 182. pe. 1e-10,, 17. pl. 80. f. 2. pt. 83. f. 2 — lineata 13:50, 132 — grandiflora 13: 51, 52,132 —— exigua 18:51, 132 integra 13:51, 132 — integra 18:52, 132 — lineata 13:52, 132 orchioides 13:50, 51, 132 flexilis 13:45, 78, 79, 81, 83, 87, 1382 Boerhaavii 13: 79, 80, 132 ensifolia 13:79, 80, 132 falcata (13: 80, 132) — Hildrethi 13:79, 80, 127, mA Ee sy Seo Seats ane — patens 13:79, 81, 132 Peacockii 13:79, 132 semicylindrica 13 : 79, 80, 132 tortulata 13:79, 80, 132 foliis Aloes (13:72, 132) foliis lanceolatis (13 : 47, 132) foliis margine integerrimis (13 : 72, 132) foliorum marg. cren. (18: 89, 92, 132) fragilifolia (13: 103, 104, 106, 132) funifera (13:36, 38, 132) Ghiesbreghtii (13 : 94, 132) gigantea (13:42, 45, 71, 132. 18 : 226) glauca 13: 45, (49, 52, 54, 58), SOx (Ub) oe; leds. Loc .koo, 129, 192. pt. #9. 7. 3. pl. Bh f. 2. pl. 28. pl. 83. f. 9. pt. 98 —— mollis (1% 2638, 132) Yucca glauca stricta 13: (55), 61, (64), 126,2183. pt. 26, 87 glaucescens (13:51, 75, 132) variegata (138: 78, 132) gloriosa 13: 42, 45, 72-74, (74- 76, 79), 81, 84, 85, 87, 88, C95) 115; 11622, 2s, Lose 132. pl. $8, $4, 94 acuminata 13:72, 132 elegans marginata (13: 78, 32) — —variegata (13: 78, 132) —Ellacombei (13:75, 132) — glauca pendula (13: 116, 132) —— glaucescens (13:75, 132) longifolia 18:75, 82, 132 —— maculata 13:76, 132 —marginata (13:78, 132) aurea (18:78, 132) medio-picta (18:74, 132) medio-striata 13:73, 74, 132 — minor 18:73, 74, 80, 127, 132. pl. 45 mollis (13:64, 76, 132) nobilis 18:75, 132 parviflora 13:75, 132 obliqua 13: 73, 74, 132 — planifolia (13 : 76, 132) —plicata 13: 73-75, 82, 84, 132 —- — maculata 13: 74, 76, 132 —— ——superba 13:74, 76, 132 pruinosa (13:81, 132) recurvata (13: 74, 132) recurvifolia (13 : 76, 132) robusta 13: 738-75, 132 longifolia 13:73, . 132 nobilis 18:73, 132 rufocincta (13:78, 132) superba 13:76, 127, 129. 182. ob. £8. f. te pt. 84. f. 4 tortulata (13:80, 132) tristis (13377, 1382) variegata (13 «78, 132) graminifolia (13:39, 40, 114, 132) guatemalensis (13 294, 132) ¥* Guiglielmi 134116, 182 Hanburii (183 2 60, 132) Harrimaniae 13345, 59, 122, i. i 222 _ MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. Yucca Harrimaniae Yucca x xX xX 126; 129, 182. pt. 88, 29. pil. 83. 7. 10. pl. 98 —— Gilbertiana 18: 225, 230. pl. 12 Haruckeriana (18: 91, 132) Helkinsi (138 : 87, 132) horrida (18 :114, 132) Imperator 13 :116, 132 integerrima (13:72, 132) japonica (138: 105, 132) juncea 13:79, 132 laevigata 13:79, 82, 132 Lenneana (13:94, 132) liliacea (13: 116, 132) lineata lutea (18:91, 132) longifolia (13:75, 79, 96, 115, 132) louisianensis 13:45, 54, 62, 64, 83, 126, 129, 132. pl. 82-84. pt. 83. f. 8. pl. 92 lutescens (13:67, 132) macrocarpa 18:46, (98), 110, CIUS; TI); 117, Las, 129; 182. pl. 70, 71. pl. 85. f. 5. pl. 86. . S$." e 38 magnifica 13 :116, 132 margaritacea 13:116, 132 massiliensis 13:79, 132 Mazeli (18 : 98, 99, 132) medio-picta (13:91, 132) meldensis (18:50, 51, 132) mexicana (13:78, 92, 132) mohavensis 13:46, 110, 112, 118, 128, 129, 182. pi: 78. pi. 86. f. 6. pl. 98 Mooreana (13:94, 132) obliqua (18:74, 76, 132) orchioides (13:51, 133) major (18:51, 183) Ortgiesiana (13:39, 41, 133) Parmentieri (13 : 105, 133. 18: 73) parviflora (13: 30, 133) patens (13:81, 133) paviflora (13:30, 133) Peacockii (13:79, 133) pendula (13: 76, 82, 133) aurea (13:78, 133) variegata (18:78, 133) periculosa (13:1038, 104, 106, 133). 18 : 227, 228, 280: pi. 13, 14 peruana (13:72, 133) picta (12:91, 133) piteairnifolia (13 : 115, 133) Plicata (13:75, 82, 88, 133) —— glauca (13:75, 133) Plicatilis (1% +«75, 133) polyphylla (13:57, 103, 104, 106, 183 18: 229) xX praecox 13:116, 133 Pringlei (13 : 43, 105, 1383. 18: 73) pruinosa (13:81, 133) puberula (13: 49, 100, 133) ~ quadricolor (18:91, 938, 132) variegata (13:91, 133) radiosa 13:45, 56, (58), 104, 117, 121, 180; 128) 188. pk ez. f. 8. ol. BBl ee aa 86. f.-1; pk 9s recurva (18 : 76, 133) elegantissima (18: 78, 133) recurvata (13:97, 183) recurvifolia 13:45, 48, 64, 75, 76, 77, 81-84, 86, 87, 122; 128, 127, 129, 188. pl. 46. f. 2. pl. SL DMA 2k 95 elegans 13:77, 78, 133 marginata 18:77, 78, 133 rufocincta 18:77, 78, 133 tristis 18 3 77, 133 variegata 13:77, 78, 133 revoluta (13: 97, 133) rigida 18:45, 65, (67), 106, 126, 129. pl. $5. pi. 86. f. 2. pl. 84. f. 1. pl. 98 Roezlii (18 : 94, 1383) rostrata 13:45, 68, 104, 126, 127, 129, 183. pk 36. 72 2. pl. 40-42. pl. 84. f. 8. pli 98. 18 : 226 linearis 18 : 226 rubescens (18 :115, 133) rubra (13: 74, 133) rufocincta (13:78, 133) rupicola 18:45, 67, 83, 116, 127, 129, 188. pl. 87-39. pl. 84. f. 2. pl. 98, 18:155, 196, 223 rigida (13:65, 67, 1383). 18 : 226 tortifolia (13 : 66, 67, 133) scabrifolia (13: 1038, 104, 106, 133). 18:229 schidigera (13:113, 133) Schottii 13:46, 98, (99, 100), 101, 103, 127-129, 133. pl. 55, 57. pl. 85. f. 1. pl. 96 —— jaliscensis 18:99, 120, 127, 133. pl. 56, 96 semicylindrica (18 : 80, 133) serratifolia (13 :115, 133) serrulata (13:88, 133) INDEX TO LATIN NAMES. ‘Yucca serrulata x 90, 133) spinosa (13:114, 115, 133) stenophylla (13:79, 114, 115, 138) Stokesi (13:91, 133) striatula 13:79, 133 stricta (13:61, 64, 133) elatior (18 : 64, 133) intermedia (13 : 64, 133) suleata 13: 74, 133 superba 13:76, 133 tenuifolia 13:93, 133 tenuistyla 133: 45, 53, 62, 126, 1291 Soe pio ii. 7. 2. pi 18; 19. pt. 88; f. 8. pi. 92 Toneliana (18:105, 133) tortifolia (18: 196, 223) tortilis (18 :67, 133) tortulata (13:80, 133) Treculeana 13:45, 82, 83, 96, 97, (99, 108), 106, 112, 115, 120,. 122% 127, 129, 133. pl. 54. pl. 84.7. 8. pl. 95 canaliculata 13:97, 127, 188. pi. &8, 54, 96 = PIBUCH (18 oi) vos) undulata (13 : 97, 133) Treleasei 13 :116, 133 tricolor (13:91, 133) undulata (13: 80, 97, 133) valida 13:46, 107, 128, 129, 133. pl. 62-67. pl. 85. f. 8. pl. argenteo-marginata (13: 223 Yucca valida 97. 18 3: 225-228 Vandervinniana (18 : 96, 133) variafolia (18:77, 133) variegata (13:90, 133) versicolor (13:90, 133) virginiana (13: 47, 133) xX viridiflora 18: 116, 133 xX vomerensis 13: 116, 133 Whipplei (13: 39, 40, 133) glauca (13 : 39, 133) graminifolia (18 : 39, 133) violacea (18 : 40, 133) yucatana (13:93, 133) Zamelodia ludoviciana 20 : 65 Zamia 13: 26 Zea Mays 19: 195, 201, 248 Zenaidura macroura 20: 43 Zephyra 16:182, 186, 227 Zephyranthes texana 18: 195, 214, pa7a33 Zexmenia hispida 18 : 180, 181, 216, 220 Zinnia multiflora (18 : 223) paucifiora 18 : 223 Zipania nodiflora (18 : 216, 223) Zizaniopsis miliacea 15: 56, 69 Zizia aurea 19: 226 Zizyphus lycioides (18 : 210, 223) obtusifolia (18 : 211, 223) Zornia tetraphylla 18 : 223 Zygadenus Nuttallii 18 : 196, 223