Bint cme S, ma? v ras CATTLEYA PEETERSII ,.WESTONBIRT toe OR@H|ID REVIEW An Gllustrated Monthly Journal PEVOTED °-TO. mediate in shape, but the former is darker than in either parent, with indistinct traces of spots. The staminode is most like C. tonsum,. but with a trace ot the porcelain white colour, which forms such a striking feature in C. Charlesworthii. A curious fact was detected in comparing the three flowers. C. tonsum takes its specific name (‘‘shorn”’) from the I4 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1912 absence of hairs on the upper margin of the petals, but the peculiarity does not extend to the lower margin, which is closely set with minute short hairs. This character was noticed in the hybrid, and a closer examination showed that it was also present in C. tonsum. C. Nellie, as thus seen, is a very bright and attractive hybrid, with a marked resemblance to C. Charles- worthii in the colour of the dorsal sepal. The leaf is tessellated about as strongly asin C. Harrisianum. The figures, of course, are greatly reduced. THE AMATEUR’S COLLECTION. By C. ALtwyn Harrison, F.R.H.S. CooL House. ‘Tuts totally unseasonable weather is most detrimental to the welfare of our plants, and the only point which can be urged in its favour is, that less artificial heating need be maintained. An average temperature of 48° Fahr. by night and 53° by day is ample, and this can now be easily maintained without the need of large fires. At this season of the year little air can generally be given, but during this spell of mild weather, plenty can be admitted. The house should always be sufficiently ventilated to prevent it feeling at all stuffy. All growing plants must be kept damp, but as they do not dry quickly now, less will be needed than in cold frosty weather. A _safe rule for beginners may be thus expressed :— Water all plants in active growth every two or three days, those in spike .or flower daily, but those at rest only once weekly. When watering a plant, always remember to give enough to moisten the whole compost, not merely sufficient to wet the surface, as the moss above will not give a clear indica. tion of the compost about the plant’s roots beneath. Beginners often lose plants because an appearance of adequate dampness is given by the surface soil, whilst the roots below are dust dry. During this dull weather, overhead syringing is best dispensed with. This is now a good time tothoroughly clean the inside of the houses, wash pots, sponge leaves, and remove all dead and decayed bulbs and roots. I ama strong advocate of syringing between the pots once a week through- -out the year with liquid insecticide, especially directing it between the cross pieces of the staging, for prevention is better than cure. It need not be remarked that the spray must not be allowed to lodge on the leaves, but should be done just over the level of the wood-work. The operation of potting can now be started. All autumn-flowering Cypripediums which are needing a shift should now receive attention. ‘Carefully remove them from the old pot, trim all dead roots off, remove decayed leaves, and separate the portions which are crowded in the centre. Fill the fresh pot one-third full of clean crocks, and on these set the plant, so placing the various portions that they have room to develop in all direc- JANUARY, 1912.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 15 tions. For compost, use a mixture of good fibrous loam, crushed crocks and a little sphagnum moss. This should be used in a damp state and the plants potted firmly. Give little water until a firm hold has been taken in the new soil. This house should now be exceedingly gay, with Cypripediums of the insigne class, nitens, villosum, and their countless hybrids. Many Onci- diums and Odontoglossums should be in bloom, or throwing up their spikes. Epidendrum vitellinum majus should be still a bright member of the collection, together with Cymbidium Lowianum, Odontioda Vuylstekez, and others, too numerous to mention. SUGGESTED ADDITIONS. ODONTIODA CRAVENIANA.—This is an exceedingly pretty hybrid between Cochlioda Neetzliana and Odontoglossum cordatum. The flowers are of good size, and freely borne on long arching spikes, usually in the late spring, and keep several weeks in beauty. The sepals and petals are of a deep red colour, no trace of other tints being visible. Thelip, however, is creamy white in front, changing to a salmon red, with a brilliant yellow crest. In growth, in the manner in which the flower spikes are produced, and also in respect to their shape, this hybrid most resembles the seed-parent. CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE SANDER#.—This is one of the most beautiful forms in existence, and is an albino or yellow variety of the species. Fortu- nately the plant is a free grower, and produces in the winter months its handsome flowers, which, if kept cool and shaded, frequently last from ten to twelve weeks in beauty. It is dearer than the ordinary species, but is well worth the additional cost, and is one of the easiest and most accommodat- ing Orchids to cultivate. The petals are of a clear lemon, the dorsal sepal also of the same colour, with a few minute brown specks, and a broad white margin, and the under sepal apple green. The pouch is also of a clear lemon. This fine variety is particularly constant, and is even largely grown by those who are not lovers of this class generally. Like the species, it can be grown in a greenhouse or vinery. LALIA GOULDIANA., SOME time ago Messrs. Sander & Sons obtained an importation of Lelia Gouldiana, a fact which occasioned surprise, owing to the belief that it is a natural hybrid. Now that the plants are beginning to flower there is no doubt about their identity. Some three years ago, when describing the collection of Sir George L. Holford, Westonbirt, allusion was made to “a very interesting seedling from Lzlia anceps ? and L. autumnalis 3, which it is supposed may prove to be a home-raised L. Gouldiana” (O.R., Xvi. p. 356). We did not see the flowers, but afterwards learnt that some of the plants had been acquired by Messrs. James Cypher & Son, who have 16 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JANUARY, 19T2- now kindly forwarded a three-flowered inflorescence for comparison. There has always been a doubt about the origin of L. Gouldiana, which was much: strengthened when M. Juan Balme told us that L. autumnalis and L. anceps grew in very different districts (O.R., xv. p. 302). We can now say that Mr. Alexander’s seedling is not L. Gouldiana, Rchb. f., and we have not seen anything quite like it before. It is more like L. autumnalis in general shape, with a distinct approach to L. anceps in the shape of the segments, in the presence of some reduced anceps-like veining on the disc of the lip, and in its longer bracts. It is paler in colour than L. Gouldiana. It may be called L. Alexanderi, in recognition of Mr, Alexander’s praise- worthy attempt to solve a puzzling problem. As for L. Gouldiana, we suppose it must be a distinct local species, and we think the time has now come when its mysterious habitat might be stated. Habitat is always an important factor in tracing the origin of natural hybrids, unless they: come out of some definite importation. R.A CyYRTOPODIUM PUNCTATUM AT HOME.—I send you a photograph of Cyrtopodium punctatum, taken i situ. It will be observed that the plants are at rest, having shed their foliage. They occur in great masses in the low hills on the Pacific side of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, relatively a dry zone, with about 4o inches of rain; the wet season being short, not over four months. The elevation is 1000 feet above sea level, and the surround- ing vegetation affords an indication of the climatic conditions.—J. C. Harvey, Vera Cruz, Mexico. (The photograph shows several very fine clumps of this Orchid growing ona sloping rocky bank, with the remains of some old flower scapes, while. close by are clumps of Agaves, with some bushes behind. They evidently: make a brilliant display when in full bloom. It mav seem remarkable to find Orchids growing in association with such well-known succulent plants as Agaves, but a good many species inhabit regions having a dry season, and asa class they are much more variable in their requirements than is. often recognised.— ED. | EPIDENDRUM VITELLINUM.—A photograph showing a fine clump of Epidendrum vitellinum, in remarkably well-cultivated examples, is sent by O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers). The plants are pictures of health, and carry numerous spikes, about twice as long as- the leaves, and some of them branched. Mr. Wrigley remarks: ‘‘ They have been in the collection since 1905, and they are all much better grown than they have been previously.” Epidendrum yitellinum is a highly decorative plant, and when well grown its brilliantly-coloured spikes make a most brilliant display. ¥ Fi JANUARY, 1912.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 17 DENDROBIUM VICTORIAR-EGINA. THE annexed figure represents the fine specimen of the Philippine Dendrobium Victoria-Regina, from the collection of Sir Trevor Law- rence, Bart., to which a First-class Certificate was awarded by the R.H.S. on July 18th last, also a Cultural Commendation to Mr. W. H. White. Fig. 6. DENDROBIUM VICTORIA-REGINA. It bore upwards of thirty spikes of its very distinct violet-blue flowers The species was described in 1897, by Loher (Gard. Chron., 1897, i. p- 399), being dedicated to her late Majesty Queen Victoria. It was remarked = ‘This is doubtless one of the most wonderful Dendrobiums, both for its- beautiful blue colour and for free flowering, and one that will soon be a 18 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY 1912 great favourite with Orchid collectors. It grows at an altitude not lower than 2000 metres (6500 ft.), and the temperate house suits it best. Its branching stems produce great numbers of richly dark blue and white blossoms borne in trusses, and lasting in bloom for several weeks. The flowers are over an inch indiameter; the sepals and petals at the base are white, with a great blue blotch at the edges; the lip ovate-oblong and of the ‘same colour.’ Some plants were sold by Messrs. Protheroe and Morris at about the same time, and soon flowered, for on August toth one of them received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S., when exhibited by. 1. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Manchester. For some time a difficulty was experienced in cultivating it, probably because the necessity for cool treat- ment was not fully realised, but after some experiments it was found that the roof of the Odontoglossum house was the most suitable place for it, and in such a position the plant figured has long been grown. In such a position, too, was grown the remarkable specimen for which Richard Ashworth, Esgq., Newchurch, received a Cultural Commendation at the Temple Show in 1909 (O.R., xvii. pp. 182, 205), and at Harefield Hall, Wilmslow, we have also seen a number of plants growing and flowering freely suspended from the roof of the Odontoglossum house. It is now known to be a native of the province of Benguet, in Northern Luzon, having since been collected by Elmer, on Mt. Santo Tomas. It also occurs on Mt. Halcon, in the Island of Mindoro, where it was collected by Merrill, in dense wet mossy forests at 8000 feet elevation, and by Merritt at 6500 feet. The latter mountain is described as having a remarkably humid climate, the rainy season continuing for practically nine months of the year, from May to January without interruption, while the remaining three months are by no means free from precipitation. From these facts one can readily understand why this beautiful species requires a cool mcist climate for its successful culture. For the loan of the block we are indebted to the courtesy of the Editor of the Journal of Horticulture. CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JANUARY. By J. T. Barker, The West Hill, Hessle, E. Yorks. THE cultivator will now be looking forward to longer days, when his plants will once more be starting into growth, and at no season of the year are they more interesting to the persons responsible for their well-being. The general winter treatment must be continued for the present month, and the principal work to occupy our attention will be to maintain the temperatures (especially should cold weather prevail)—to provide suitable atmospheric conditions in the houses, avoiding extremes of all kinds, and making no attempt to force growth; also to get our plants into a state of cleanliness, ready for when the busy season of potting arrives. January, 1912.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 19 TEMPERATURES.—To those who may not have the figures given last January, I now repeat them :— Cool house: day, 50° to 55°, with sun 60° ; night, 50°. Intermediate house: day, 60° to 65°, with sun 66°; night, 57° to 608. Cattleya and Mexican house: day, 60° to 65°, with sun, 68° ; night, 58° to 60°. East Indian house: day, 65° to 70°, with sun, 75° ; night, 65°. In speaking of temperatures, these figures are only given as a guide, and no harm will occur if they vary one or two degrees either way. I think it is impossible to keep houses at a fixed figure in all kinds of weather. 7 VENTILATION is essential on all favourable occasions. I am a firm believer in fresh air for our plants, as 1 believe a stuffy stagnant atmosphere most injurious. Discrimination, however, must be used in the admission of air, so that no plant is placed in a draught, as draughts are most injurious. ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE must be regulated according to the weather conditions. If much fire heat has to be used, more moisture is required to counteract it, but the great thing to avoid is a house over-laden with moisture, and a low temperature. On entering a house that is in such a state, one feels as if suddenly wrapped in a cold wet blanket. WATERING.— During the spell of wet sunless weather we have just passed through, the watering of our plants has required much attention. The greatest mistake possible at this season, is that of affording too much water at the root. It not only does the plant much harm, but destroys the com- post, and with it the roots. To my mind the greatest responsibility rests _on those who are entrusted with the watering of valuable plants. Should there be any doubts as to a plant requiring water, pass it over until you are thoroughly convinced it requires it. Again, much damage may be caused by -some plant receiving an insufficient supply of water, and the would-be successful Orchid grower must learn from experience. Intelligence bestowed on the.watering of our plants, is the great secret of successful cultivation. There are always some inmates of the various houses that should have water all the year round, of course in moderate quantities during the dull winter months. In applying water always take care to saturate the compost. I am not a believer in dribbling water on the top, which often fails to reach the roots, especially if the compost has by any means got over-dry. OpONTOGLOSsUMS.—Many of these will now be pushing up their flower spikes, which, as soon as they are long enough, should be neatly staked up. The plants should be examined from time to time for slugs, which devour spikes, and thereby spoil the whole season’s work. In the Cool house many things are just starting into growth, and will soon be ready for repotting, but do not hurry them. The principal work in the Cool house will be in keeping the atmosphere in a sweet and healthy condition. 20 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, I912- CyYPRIPEDIUMS of the winter-flowering section will now be at their best, and perhaps no class of plants has been improved by the hand of the hybridist to the extent that this family has. For winter flowering they are indispens- able. At this season they should have all the light possible, and as they pass out of bloom may be repotted, should they require it. These early potted plants make good seed beds for those seeds which ripen during next and the following month. The compost I recommend is as follows: Two parts best fibrous peat, one part polypodium fibre, and one part fibrous loam, with a liberal mixture of sphagnum moss. All the earthy particles should be taken from the peat and polypodium fibre. Keep those newly potted on the dry side until the roots are seen to be moving through the compost. The others must have water whenever they require it. Those that are throwing up their flower spikes must not be allowed to suffer for want of water, or the flowers will be small, and many will perhaps be malformed. MILTONIAs will now be growing strongly, and may have water whenever they require it, taking care that the compost gets dry between each operation. Watch carefully for thrip, which is very partial to these plants, especially if grown too warm, and should it once get a foothold it is most difficult to eradicate. Fumigating at intervals as a preventative is what I would recommend, rather than having to eradicate this persistent pest afterwards. Miltonias at this season thrive best in a cool part of the Intermediate house, and with us are exposed to all the light possible. INsEcTS.—Speaking of insect pests, I think we may safely say that where a plant is constantly attacked by some pest we can rely upon it that we have not that plant in its natural conditions. It is either too hot, too cold, or too dry, or there is something wrong with the treatment. DENDROBIUMS.—Plants of this genus that are resting in a Cool house must not be allowed to shrivel for want of water, neither should they have an excess, only just enough should be given to keep them plump and their leaves fresh and green. Those on which the flower buds are well advanced may now be placed in a slightly warmer house, but must on no account be hurried, or the whole crop of flowers may be lost and the plants rushed into premature growth. If plants are treated as advised, this family will follow the Cypripediums that are now in full flower, and sustain the interest until the early flowering Cattleyas are in bloom. L&LIA ANCEPS and its varieties are now in full bloom, and the plants should be kept moderately dry, but in no case should they be allowed to suffer, as I often think the miserable condition one sometimes finds these plants in, is due to their receiving too little water when in flower, and being allowed to shrivel, at the same time losing their roots. CATTLEYAS that are growing, such as C. Warneri and others, may have water whenever they require it, and should be placed in the warmest and JANUARY, 1912.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 21 lightest position in the house. Hybrid Cattleyas, Leliocattleyas, Brasso- attleyas, and any of this family that are pushing new roots, may be repotted if they require it. In Cattleya culture I think the great mistake is made of allowing the plants to remain in the same receptacle too long, often after the compost is thoroughly decayed. The compost I recommend for this family is as follows: Two parts best peat fibre, one part Ar fibre, one part polypodium fibre, one part osmunda fibre, and two parts clean, hand-picked sphagnum moss, all thoroughly mixed together. The plants should be potted firmly, and staked in such a manner that they do not rock about in the pot or pan in which they are grown. CGLOGYNE CRISTATA and its varieties are now pushing up their spikes at the cool end of the Intermediate house, and must not be allowed to suffer for want of water. C. pandurata, C. Massangeana, and other varieties must have water according to their condition; those commencing to grow may have it whenever the compost is dry, but for those at rest much less will suffice. CALANTHES, as they pass out of flower, should be placed ina nice, warm, ‘dry situation to rest, until they start to grow in the spring. Great care should be taken that the temperature does not fall too low, as these plants tesent being rested in too low a temperature, especially if at all damp. GENERAL REMARKS.—Should the open weather continue, a good supply of sphagnum moss should be acquired, so that when the busy season arrives no delay may be experienced for the want of it. Forethought at this season will save much time and worry at a later period. In nothing is it more true that a good start makes a successful ending than in Orchid growing, and I trust each one of our readers may reap success in every way during the coming year. SOCIETIES. Royal HorTICULTURAL. AT the meeting held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Westminster, on November 21st, there was an exceptionally fine display of Orchids, including ten. medal groups, while several striking novelties were shown, and five First-class Certificates, four Awards of Merit, and three Cultural Commendations were given. Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Harry J. Veitch, R. G. Thwaites, F. J. Hanbury, W. Thompson, F. M. Ogilvie, A. A. McBean, T. Armstrong, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H. Hatcher, Jj. E. Shill, H. G. Alexander, A. Dye, W. H. White, Gurney Wilson, J. Wilson Potter, W. Bolton, W. Cobb, J. S. Moss, C. J. Lucas, and de Barri Crawshay. 22 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1912. The Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim Palace (gr. Mr. Hunter), was awarded a Gold Medal for a magnificent group, composed chiefly of finely- grown Vanda ccerulea, together with many fine plants of Cypripedium insigne Sanderz, one bearing forty flowers, and other varieties of insigne, C. Baron Schréder, C. Lord Blandford, Cattleya labiata Blenheim var., and others. H. F. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. Mr. G. E. Day), staged a fine group, including many Cattleya labiata, Iris, and others, Leeliocattleya Felicity, Goodson’s var., L.-c. #2gina, Decia and Statteriana, Odontioda Seymourii, Odontoglossums, and many good Cypripedium insigne Sandere: (Silver Flora Medal). Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O., Burford (gr. Mr. W. He White), showed the handsome Zygopetalum Ballii, and three others (see Awards). Captain J. Laycock, Wiseton Hall, Bawtry (gr. Mr. G. W. Musk), sent Lzliocattleya Greenwoodii, Laycock’s var., a very fine form. Lady Audley Neeld, Grittleton, Chippenham, sent Cypripedium grittletonense (Stevensii xX Curtisii), and C. Fascination (Fascinator X insigne Harefield Hall var.). C. J. Phillips, Esq., Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Bucknell), sent Brassocattleya Maroniz Glebe var., a large and handsome form. Francis Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking (gr. Mr. W. Hopkins), sent Cattleya labiata The Queen, a beautiful white form, tinged with purple on the front of the lip (see also Awards). Mrs. S. F. Whitlaw, Amerden, Taplow, Bucks, sent Cypripedium amerdense, a hybrid of unknown parentage. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a fine group, con- taining many plants of Epidendrum vitellinum, a brilliant series of Cattleyas. and Leeliocattleyas, Miltonia Roezlii alba, M. Warscewiczii, Vanda Sanderi- ana and ccerulea, Odontioda Bohnhofiz, Zygopetalum Murrayanum, Cypri- pedium Mariz (aureum Surprise XX insigne Sanderianum), Germaine Opoix, and many others (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a fine group of Cypripe- diums, including many forms of C. insigne and C. Leeanum, with C. Thalia, C. Leeano-Swinburnei, and many other brilliant hybrids (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged an excellent group, including a batch of home-raised Cattleya Hardyana, and others, Leliocattleya Sapphirata (L.-c. Canhamiana X C. maxima), L.-c. Minnie (L.-c. exoniensis x C. Dowiana aurea), with many familiar kinds, a fine series of Cypripe- diums, including C. Arthurianum-Sandere, with yellow markings, C. Pris- cilla (exul x insigne Harefield Hall var.), Oncidium Lanceanum, the rare JANUARY, 1912.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 23: O. Croesus, Lycaste Ballize, Ione paleaca, and other botanical species (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. W. B. Hartland & Son, Cork, staged an excellent group, con- taining several hybrids of Cattleya Bowringiana, and many fine Cypripe- diums, notably C. Rossetti, Chapmanii, triumphans, and some choice insigne varieties (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged an effective group, including many good Cattleyas and Cypripediums, with Angrecum infundibulare, Bulbophyllum sicyobulbon, and others (Silver Banksian Medal). Mr. E. V. Low, Vale Bridge, Haywards Heath, staged a handsome group of Cypripediums, with Odontoglossum grande aureum, Cattleya Schofieldiana crossed with C. Myra Peeters, C. Hardyana, and others (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, staged a good group of Cattleyas and Cypripediums, with Ionopsis paniculata, Masdevallia calura, Epidendrum fragrans and cochleatum, Miltonia vexillaria Leopoldii M. Roezlii, Brassocattleya Maroniz, Vanda ccerulea, and others (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. J. & A. A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a fine group including Cattleya Fabia and others, some good Cypripediums, Odontoglossum Harry- anum, some good O. crispum, a dark blue Vanda coerulea, and a fine Brassocattleya, for which see Awards (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed a group of the pretty white Calanthe Harrisii, with Cypripedium xX James O’Brien (insigne Harefield Hall var. X Mons de Curte), most like the former (Bronze Banksian Medal). Messrs. Edgar & Co., Woodford, Essex, exhibited a Cypripedium insigne with very dark spotting. Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher, Rawdon, Yorks, showed a fine plant of Angrecum Kotschyi, growing on a section of trunk, and bearing two racemes. M. Maurice Mertens, Ghent, showed Miltonia Hyeana, M. vexillaria Leopoldii, and a few other interesting things. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. BrassocaTTLEYA DiGpyano-Moss1# Ho.trorp’s var. (B. Digbyana x C. Mossiz Reineckiana).—A very large white form, having a broad, well- expanded lip, with a greenish primrose disc, and some rosy markings at the base. Exhibited by Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander). CYPRIPEDIUM CHAPMANIL WESTONBIRT VAR. (bellatulum x Curtisii).— A remarkably fine form, having the flower tinged and heavily spotted with puple on a cream white ground. Exhibited by Lt.-Col. Sir G. L. Holford. 24 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1912. LA&LIOCATTLEYA PRINCE OF ORANGE (L.-c. Hippolyta x C. Dowiana aurea).—An extremely handsome hybrid, with bright chrome yellow sepals and petals, and a deep ruby-crimson lip. Exhibited by Sit GiL Holford, K.C.V.O. ODONTOGLOSSUM CHIONE (parentage unrecorded).——A magnificent flower, having bright purple sepals and petals, with some white markings at the base and apex, and a white lip spotted with purple at the base. Exhibited by W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Manchester (gr. Mr. Woodhouse). ODONTOGLOsSUM THalIs (parentage unrecorded).—A very handsome -crispum-like hybrid, having the sepals and petals heavily blotched with purple and margined with white, while the apex of the broad lip is of the datter colour. Exhibited by W. R. Lee, Esq. AWARDS OF MERIT. BRASSOCATTLEYA LEUCOTHOE (B. nodosa x C. Schroederze).—A rather -dwarf hybrid, having well-shaped, nearly pure white flowers. Exhibited by Messrs. J. & A. A. McBean. CYPRIPEDIUM ELATIOR, SHRUBBERY VAR. (Leeanum X Baron Schréder). —A very pretty hybrid, having the dorsal sepal white, heavily spotted with purple, and the petals and lip greenish marked with brown. Exhibited by F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford (gr. Mr. W. Balmforth). L&#LIOCATTLEYA DenGantt (L.-c. Cappei x C. Dowiana), a beautiful hybrid, having the sepals and petals yellow, tinged with coppery red, and the lip glowing ruby crimson. Exhibited by Francis Wellesley, Esq. L&LIOCATTLEYa W. J. Biccs (parentage unknown).—A handsome hybrid, having bronzy yellow sepals and petals, and a claret-coloured, «crimped lip. Exhibited by W. J. Biggs, Esq., Browning Road, Enfield. CULTURAL COMMENDATIONS. MAXILLARIA PHCENICANTHERA, M. PICTA, and TRICHOPILIA SUAVIS.— ‘Three very finely-grown and profusely flowered specimens. To Mr. W. H. White, Orchid grower to Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. At the meeting held on December 5th there was a very fine display of ‘Orchids, including no fewer than eleven medal groups, the other awards consisting of one First-class Certificate and two Awards of Merit. Orchid Committee fresent: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Harry J. Veitch, F. J. Hanbury, R. G. Thwaites, W. Waters Butler, T. Armstrong, . H. Curtis, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, J. E. Shill, W. H. Hatcher, H. G. Alexander, W. P. Bound, A. Dye, W. H. White, J. Wilson Potter, W. Bolton, Gurney Wilson, J. S. Moss, and R. Brooman White. ) J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford (gr. Mr. J. Davis), staged a choice group, including the beautiful Odontoglossum Smithii, January, 1912.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 25 Cypripedium Ville de Paris, Tityus superbum, Fowlerianum, triumphans, bingleyense, and some well-grown examples of C. Leeanum J. Gurney Fowler (Silver Flora Medal), F. Bostock, Esq., Springfield, Northampton, sent two good forms of Cypripedium Actzeus. Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., V.M.H., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. J. Collier), sent Cypripedium insigne Gatton Park var., a fine form of the giganteum type. Mrs. Norman Cookson, Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. H. J. Chapman), sent Odontoglossum crispum Chapmanie, a handsomely blotched seedling form, Calanthe Chapmanii rosea, and Cypripedium Leeanum Gratrixie. E. H. Davidson, Esq., Twyford (gr. Mr. Cooper), showed Cattleya armainvillierensis alba. Lt.-Col. Sir G. L. Holford, Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), sent Cypripedium Nydia (Niobe Westonbirt var. x Charlesianum), a very fine thing, having a rose-coloured dorsal sepal margined with white (see Awards). Francis Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking (gr. Mr. W. Hopkins), sent Brassocattleya Hyeze Westonbirt var., Cattleya St. George, a beautifully coloured flower, Lzliocattleya epicasta var. The Premier, a fine form, with blush white sepals and petals, and Cypripedium Mrs. Francis Wellesley. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a fine group, including Cattleyas, Lzeliocattleyas, and Cypripediums, with some good Vanda coerulea and Amesiana, Odontoglossum Goodsonii, Odontioda Cassiope, Calanthe Veitchii alba, Cymbidium tigrinum, Sophrocatlelia Pandora, and two others, which secured Awards (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a fine group, in- cluding Cypripedium Bassano x Fairrieanum, a richly-coloured hybrid, with many popular kinds, Cattleya Triane x Aclandiz, C. guttata x Dowiana and C. Maronii X Dowiana, with Indian yellow sepals and petals, and some rosy veining on the lip, a fine blood red Odontioda from C. Neetzliana and O. Rolfez, &c. (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. James Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a very fine group of Cypripedium insigne varieties, with many good C. Leeanum, C. Priam magnificum, and other hybrids, some fine Dendrobium Phalenopsis, Cattleyas, and others (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. J. & A. A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a brilliant group, in- cluding some good QOdontoglossums, Cypripediums, Leliocattleyas and Cattleyas, the forms of C. Fabia and C. Luege being very fine; also Sophro- cattlelia Marathon var. Helen, a handsome copper-red flower, having a ruby crimson lip, veined with yellow in the throat (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, containing many excellent hybrid Cypripediums, and among them C. Niobe superbum, C. & 26 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JaNuaRY, 1912 fulshawense, C. Troilus, Sander’s var., the fine C. Leeanum Gratrixie, and a number of fine Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas (Silver Flora Medal).. Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a select group, including some good Cypripedium insigne, Leeanum, Niobe, and Thalia, Lzlio- cattleyas, &c., also Odontoglossum Aurora (Rossii rubescens x Lambeauj- anum), a very handsome thing, having lilac sepals and petals, blotched. with claret-purple, and a rose-purple lip, with bright yellow crest (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. W. B. Hartland & Sons, Cork, sent a good group of Cypripedium. insigne Sanderz, C.i. Harefield Hall var., and others, with a few Leelio- cattleyas and Odontoglossum crispum (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, staged a bright group, including Houlletia Brocklehurstiana, Dendrobium Phalzenopsis, Cycnoches. chlorochilon, Cymbidium Tracyanum, Vanda coerulea, and numerous. Cattleyas, with a number of fine Oncidium varicosum at the back (Silver Banksian Medal). Mr. E. V. Low, Vale Bridge, Haywards Heath, staged a few good Cypripediums, including C. Baron Schréder with nine flowers, C. Minos Youngii, Gaston Bultel, triumphans, Tityus, Leeanum, &c. (Bronze Banksian Medal). Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher, Rawdon, Yorks, sent Cypripedium Thalia. Mrs. Francis Wellesley, C. Leeanum giganteum with five flowers, and some good C. Actzus, with spikes of a fine pure white Dendrobium Phalznopsis, and of Calanthe vestita rubro-oculata gigantea (Bronze Banksian Medal). Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent Cattleya St. Gilles, two good forms of C. Aliciz, Lzliocattleya Rubens, and others. Miss Walters Anson, The Studio, Broadway, Streatham, sent a fine display of coloured drawings of Orchids of high artistic merit. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. SOPHROCATTLEYA LoTTIE MULLER (C. Peetersii x S.-c. Nydia).—A very large and brilliantly-coloured hybrid, having broad bright rose sepals and petals, becoming paler at the base, and a ruby-crimson velvety lip, with some yellow veining in the throat. Exhibited by Messrs. Charles- worth & Co. : AWARDS OF MERIT. CyPRIPEDIUM Draco, WESTONBIRT VAR. (insigne Harefield Hall var. x Euryades).—A large and handsome flower, most like the former parent in general character, and having a very broad white dorsal sepal, with a greenish yellow base, spotted with purple, and the petals and lip yellow, tinged and veined with purple-brown. Exhibited by Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.O. JANUARY, 1912.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 27 TRICHOPILIA GOULDII (suavis xX fragrans).—A distinct and pretty hybrid, having fragrant flowers, most like those of the former parent, with the sepals and petals silvery white, spotted with rose in the middle, and the lip white spotted with rose. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. At the meeting held on November 16th, the members of Committee present were :—Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), R. Ashworth, J. Bamber, W. R. Lee, C. Parker, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, W. Holmes, A. J. Keeling, and H. Arthur (Secretary). W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. Mr. Woodhouse), exhibited a group of plants to whicha Silver-gilt Medal was awarded, containing very choice forms of Odontoglossums, Cattleyas and Cypripediums. Special mention must be made of Odontoglossums Chione, Antiope, and Hermione. The Cattleyas. included Portia var. Imperator, Myrrha Lee’s var., Iris var. Corisanda, labiatas in variety, and C. Dowiana aurea, with Leeliocattleya Clive, Plumpton Hall var., Cypripediums and Dendrobium Phalzenopsis. Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden (gr. Mr. Weatherby), also exhibited a splendid group, and was awarded a Silver-gilt Medal, an especial feature being the numerous varieties of Cypripedium insigne. The Leeanum varieties were well represented, with good forms of Actzus Cringlewood -var., Thalia var. Mrs. F. W ellesley, Corneyanum Ward’s var., triumphans. Ward’s var., Priam and aureum. Cattleyas included C. labiata and Iris, and there were plants of Oncidium tigrinum and Lycaste Skinneri alba. O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), again staged a magnificent exhibit of over 250 plants, the Cypripedium insigne varieties being too numerous to particularise, and comprising all the yellow varieties known in cultivation, and were really splendid. In the Leeanum section were fine examples of Clinkaberryanum, magnificum, giganteum, Winnianum and. others, with miscellaneous subjects. A Special Vote of Thanks was accorded. J. McCartney, Esq., Bolton (gr. Mr. Holmes), was awarded a Silver Medal for a nice group, including Cattleyas labiata Mrs. J. McCartney, Luege, Mrs. J. W. Whiteley, Bowringiana McCartney’s var., Lzlio- cattleyas bletchleyensis, Decia, Lady Rothschild, luminosa and J. McCart- ney, Cypripediums Shillianum, nitens and others, with plants of Oncidium © flexuosum and varicosum Rogersii. Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors (gr. Mr. Marshall), staged a very pretty group of Cypripediums, including some well-grown C. insigne Harefield Hall var., Sanderz and Balliz, Actzus magnificum, aureum and revolutum, Mancunium, Leeanum giganteum, Minos, Walton Grange var., eboriacum, Arthurianum and Adrastus Marie (Silver Medal). Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), was awarded a 28 THE ‘ORCHID “REVIEW.. [JANUARY, 1912. Bronze Medal for a group of Cypripediums, including C. insigne Sandere and citrinum, triumphans, Niobe superbum, villosum, Cecilia, Leeanum Prospero, Maudie and others. G. H. Peace, Esq., Monton Grange (gr. Mr. C. Mace), was also awarded a Bronze Medal for a group of Cypripediums, the insigne section being well represented by plants of Sander, Laura Kimball, Dorothy, Berryanum, Chantinii Lindenii, tunbridgense and Lancastrian. There were also C. Leeanum Staffordianum and magnificum, C. Memnon, Monton Grange var., and C. Euryades aureum. J. J. Holden, Esq., Southport (gr. Mr. Johnson), staged a wonderful plant of Odontoglossum ardentissimum var. Johnsonii, carrying two spikes -of flowers, each 32-inches across, Cattleya Aurora-Borealis, and three white forms, C. labiata alba Holden’s var., C. Princess Mary (Warneri alba xX Dowiana alba) and C. Holdeniz (Schrcedere alba x Warneri alba). R. le Doux, Esq., West Derby (gr. Mr. Fletcher), staged Cypripedium Pearl Beauty (Milo X nitens Charlesworthii). R. L. Overton, Esq., Neston, Cheshire (gr. Mr. Arrowsmith), had a ‘wonderful Cypripedium Overtonii (fulshawense x Leeanum Corona). Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, were awarded a Silver Medal for a group, principally Cypripediums, varieties of insigne, Leeanum, and others. Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, staged a miscellaneous group, to which a Silver Medal was awarded, Cattleyas and Cypripediums being well represented, with Oncidiums oblongatum, trulliferum, varicosum Rogersii, the rare varicosum concolor, Vanda ccerulea and Cattleya Fabia gigantea. Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, were awarded a Silver Medal for a meritorious group of Cattleya labiata varieties, and hybrids of the Iris section, with a few choice Cypripediums. Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, staged a few yellow varieties of Cypripe- -dium insigne, and C. Leeanum Clinkaberryanum X Memnon giganteum. Mr. W. Shackleton, Great Horton, Bradford. staged Cypripedium Niobe superbum, C. Memnon var. Queen Alexandra, and an unnamed seedling. Mr. H. Arthur, Blackburn, staged Oncidium Forbesii, var. nigrum, a very dark form, Cymbidium erythrostylum and Cypripedium Baron Schréder. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. Cattleya Fabia var. Imperator, from W. R. Lee, Esq., a fine distinct flower with aurea lines in the lip; Cattleya labiata var. Virgo purissima, a large white flower with pale yellow markings in the throat ; Odontoglossum Chione, a wonderful flower, having solid chocolate-coloured segments, tipped with white, and the lip broad and flat; all from the same exhibitor. Odontoglossum ardentissimum, var. Johnsonii, from J. J. Holden, Esq., carrying two spikes of magnificent flowers, each 34-inches across. JaNuaRY, 1912.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 29: Cypripedium Overtonii (fulshawense X Leeanum. Corona), from R. L. Overton, Esq., a large well-balanced flower. AWARDS OF MERIT. Cattleya Portia var. Imperator, a large round flower, 4 inches across, of good even colour; Leliocattleya Clive, Plumpton Hall var., a massive flower ; Cattleya labiata Genevieve, a white flower with faint markings on the lip; Cattleya Iris var. Corisanda (bicolor Grossii x Dowiana), a very fine variety; Cattleya Myrrha, Lee’s var., a very large flower ; Odonto- glossum Antiope, an unusual colour in the markings; O. Hermione, very distinct, and of good form; Cypripedium Arthurianum var. Sandere,. (Arthurianum X insigne Sandere), showing the parentage on both sides ; C. Charlesianum var. Prometheus, very fine; all from W. R. Lee, Esq. Cypripedium Pearl Beauty (Milo X_ nitens-Charlesworthii), a well- balanced flower of good colour, from R. le Doux, Esq. Cattleya labiata alba, Holden’s var., a distinct but rather small flower ; Cattleya Holdeniz (Schroedera alba X Warneri alba), a nice flower, having the lip tipped with pink, and yellow in the throat; C. Princess Mary (Warneri alba X Dowiana alba), a good variety, showing the Dowiana markings in the lip, but rather light in colour ; all from J. J. Holden, Esq. Cypripedium Mancunium (Harrisianum superbum X Leeanum), from Rev. J. Crombleholme, a very good form. Cypripedium Actzus, Cringlewood var., from Z. A. Ward, Esq., a very noble flower of good form. Cattleya Fabia gigantea, from Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., of magnificent shape and good even colour. Cattleya labiata, from Hassall & Co., a seedling of good form and colour. At the meeting held on November 30th, 1911, the members of Committee present were :—Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), R. Ashworth, W. R. Lee, C. Parker, H. Thorp, A. Warburton, Z. A. Ward, J. Cypher, J. Evans, W. Holmes, A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, and H. Arthur (Secretary). W. R. Lee, Esq., Heywood (gr. Mr. Woodhouse), was awarded a Silver- gilt Medal for a miscellaneous group, amongst which were noticed some well-grown plants of Cypripediums insigne Sandere, i. Harefield Hall var., i. Bonhofianum, triumphans, and Mrs. Francis Wellesley, with other fine things mentioned under awards. R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Gilden), was also awarded a Silver-gilt Medal for an effective display, including Cattleya labiata alba Amesiz, and several other albinos: a fine plant of C. Portia (for which a Cultural Commendation and Bronze Medal were awarded to the gardener), Cypripediums Thalia Mrs. F. Wellesley, Maudie, Baron Schréder, Farrie- anum, Vera, Corneyanum, Miltonia Unica and Oncidium Forbesii. 30 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, I912. Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden (gr. Mr. Weatherby), staged a nice group, to which a Silver Medal was awarded, including Cattleya Portia, Ward’s var., Lzliocattleya luminosa aurifera, Cypripedium Euryades var. Jasper; a magnificent plant of Odontoglossum Charlesworthii, Ward’s var., carry- inga branched spike 6ft. long, Lycaste Skinneri alba, and Oncidium tigrinum. Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), was awarded a Silver Medal for a fine group, including Odontoglossums in variety, notice- able among them being a fine plant of O. ardentissimum xanthotes, O. eximium Rutherfordianum, Cattleya labiata and hybrids, Cypripediums Chorltonii, insigne Sander, and citrinum, Leeanum in variety, Sophro- cattleya Doris, several plants of Oncidium tigrinum, and a batch of Epiden- drum vitellinum majus. (See Awards). Rey. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors (gr. Mr. Marshall), staged a group of Cypripediums, varieties of insigne and Leeanum, Harrisianum superbum, bingleyense, Sallieri, Earl of Tankerville, Niobe, Milo, nitens, and Eismannianum, a Bronze Medal being awarded. A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Dalgleish), was also awarded a Bronze Medal for a group of Cypripediums, the insigne section being represented by fine examples of Harefield Hall var., King Edward VII., Clara Measures, Berryanum and Bonhofianum, with C. Leeanum Clinka- berryanum, C. Thalia giganteum and Mrs. F. Wellesley, and C. Floradora. J. McCartney, Esq., Bolton (gr. Mr. Holmes), was awarded a Bronze Medal for a mixed group of Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas, Cypripediums insigne Harefield Hall var., i. Sander, tixallense, Arthurianum, Milo, Youngiz, and several plants of Oncidium varicosum Rogersii. G. H. Peace, Esq., Monton Grange (gr. Mr. Mace), staged a nice group of Cypripediums, to which a Bronze Medal was awarded, including C. insigne Sandere, Harefield Hall, Sanderianum, Schofieldianum, and Queen Alexandra, C. Leeanum giganteum, Staffordianum, Corona and Mrs. Ardern’s var., C. Ville de Paris, C. Kitty, and Cymbidium erythrostylum. Wm. Thompson, ['sq., Walton Grange (gr. Mr. Stevens), was awarded a Bronze Medal for a small but interesting Sroup, including Cypripediums Harri-Leeanum, Golden Gem, Queen Alexandra, and a number of the sweet-scented Oncidium cheirophorum (see Awards). J. J- Holden, Esq., Southport (gr. Mr. Johnson), staged some very fine albinos, Cattieya labiata alba and Queen Maud, under Awards. R. le Doux, Esq., West Derby (gr. Mr. Fletcher), staged Cypripedium Queen Alexandra, and C. Acteus Drewett’s var. (See Awards). H. Thorp, Esq., Middleton, staged Cypripediums insigne Sanderz, E. Shill, and Mrs. F. Wellesley. (To be continued.) with others mentioned JANUARY, 1912.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 31 ORCHIDS IN SEASON. Two pretty seedling Cattleyas are sent from the collection of M. J. Ginot, St. Etienne, France. C. Marstersoniz alba (Harrisoniana xX labiata) is a pretty white variety. C. Annelize (Parthenia X chocoensis alba) is fairly intermediate between the parents, and has white flowers, with the disc of the lip yellow, and some pink veining in front. Both are seedlings flowering for the first time, and should develop into good things. Flowers of Cypripedium Actzeus and its variety Olive are sent from the collectfon of Sir Benjamin Scott, Linden House, Stanwix, Carlisle. The former is the well-known greenish type, but the latter has the lower half of the dorsal sepal well spotted with purple, forming a very striking contrast and rendering the flower very attractive. Cypripedium Alcibiades quadricolor (Leeanum giganteum X Mons. de Curte) is a very fine seedling from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury. The dorsal sepal is very broadly margined with white, and the centre light brown, with a darker, median band. Vanda ccerulea albidula is a pretty white variety, with some blue veining on the lip. A flower of Leliocattleya Ethele (L.-c. corbeillensis x C. bicolor) is -sent from the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., Evershott, Dorchester. It has rosy sepals and petals, and the lip has rather small rounded side lobes, and a dark purple front lobe. ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, West , during January, Igt2, on the gth and 23rd, when the Orchid CShaaies will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. Meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will 'be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on January r1thand 25th, 1912 The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to the inspection from 1 to 4 p.m. The following meeting will be held on February 8th. AUTUMN ORCHID SHOw.—-The Council of the R.H.S. has appointed a ‘Sub-Committee, consisting of Mr. Gurney Fowler (Chairman), Mr. J. ‘O’Brien (hon. sec.), Lt.-Col. Sir George Holford, K.C.V.O., Mr. Gurney Wilson, and Mr. John Cypher, to consider the arrangements for the Orchid ‘Show to be held on November 5th and 6th, 1g12. It met on Tuesday, November 21st, 1911, and considered some of the chief points necessary to ensure a good and effective display, and more especially to secure the co- operation of Orchidists in the provinces. Suggestions for the most important classes were made. 32 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, IQT2- GHENT QUINQUENNIAL.—We have received the provisional programme: and schedule of the 17th International Horticultural Exhibition to be held at Ghent at the end of April, 1913, under the patronage of His Majesty the King of the Belgians. Classes 22 to 106 are devoted to Orchids, and should produce a very fine display. ORCHID PORTRAITS. CALANTHE ANGELA.—fourn. Hort., 1g1I, ii. p. 535, with fig. CALANTHE CHApMANuI.—Fourn. Hort., IQII, ll. p. 535, with fig. CALANTHE CLIVE.—Fourn. Hort., 191, li. p. 535, with fig. CaLANTHE VEITCHII.—fourn. Hort., 1911, ii. p. 535, with fig. CaLOGYNE CRISTATA.—fcurn. Hort., 1911, ii. p. 533, with fig. Ca@LoGynE Dayana.—Fourn. Hort., 1911, ii, p. 532, with fig. CymBipIuM LowtanuM.— Journ. Hort., 1911, ii. p. 533, with fig. CypRIPEDIUM CHAPMANII WESTONBIRT VAR.—Gard. Chron., 1911, tie p- 431, fig. 174. CyPRIPEDIUM Draco.—Gard. Mag., 1911, pp. 913, 923, with fig. CYPRIPEDIUM LAWRENCEANUM.— fourn. Hort., 1911, ii. p. 545, with fig. CYPRIPEDIUM Lorp WOLMER WESTONBIRT VAR.—Gard. Mag., 1911, pp- 963, 974, with fig. DENDROBIUM AINSWORTHII.—fourn. Hort., Ig1I, ii. p. 577, with fig. DENDROBIUM NOBILE NOBILIUS.—fourn. Hort., 1911, ii. p. 533, with fig. L#LIOcATTLEYA NELLA.—Gard. Chron., 1911, ii. pp. 474, 475, fig. 190 + Gard. Mag., 1911, pp. 963, 973, with fig. LYCASTE SKINNERI.—fourn. Hort., 1g1t, ii. p. 533 with fig. MILTONIA VEXILLARIA.— fourn. Hort., 1911, ii. p. 533, with fig. ODONTOGLOssUM CHIONE.—Gard. Chron., 1911, ii. p. 411, fig.'167. VANDA SANDERIANA.— Journ. Hort., 1911, ii. pp. 504, 505, with fig. ANSWERS TO CORRE SPONDENTS. {Orchids are named and questions answered here as far as possible. Correspondents are requested to give the native country or parentage of plants sent. An ADDRESSED postcard must be sent if a reply by post is desired (abroad, reply postcards should be used), Subjects of special interest mill be dealt with in the body of the work. ] e hope that our readers will posse gi the improved appearance oe ri Orchid Review in the resent issue, which has been effected b by the selection of a much superior quality, so as to secure an enhanced effect in the oe ye ar was used last ned but not el quite the substance desired, for a experienced es bs ee one of the necessary quality without increasin the weight. Thi difficulty has nted. . . We tok regret that Take taphargin of some —— meetings are unavoidably held over. The autumn Shows n so extensive that it has been impossible to include all the that have reached us, even after being severely condense a Picci Photographs received, with thanks. G:A,, A-H., R.V. E.F.C., R.B.,—Notes are unav oidably postponed through pressure = our space GHEE. ae any thanks for some of which we ho act upon shortly. J.F.S.—Communication received with thanks. We hope to use it sic month. VoL. XX., No. 230. THE FEBRUARY, 1912. Ge CELL REV Edited by R. ALLEN ROLFE, A.L:S. Contents, PAGE PAGE Amateur’s Collection bes Bae see OO) 53 rs to esponde eon OE Manchester and North of Eagaas Calendar of Operations for February 50 | rchi var Cattleya mietire! Culture o Age Royal Horticultural iw pie in Ss Cypripedium San-Actzeus, Westfield var. 48 | — and hybrids .. =~ ote ee 4 Fertilisation and Secondary he ota .. 36 | Vanda Charlesworthit ee Lelia Gouldiana ey v seek ae y Js Fk S. ef, M. H. sven ae Odontoglossum Delhi we Ne .. 44 | Xylobium, ies 43 Oncidium Kramerianum ... ae ie, 40 esopetalin ache Hy bridisation of .. 40 chid Not ty yaaa ras jee OS Orchid Portra vse sine ge] ILLUSTRATIONS. Orchids : a delight hobby - 43 | Cypripedium ag ty zeus, Westfield var. 48 Orchids in season ‘ ae s+ ©2 | Odontoglossum D vc Orchids of Panama ... wae ee ee | Oncidium gonad ahaa e440 Our Note Book a : ~ 33 | Veitch, Mr. Harry J., F.LS., MMs 41 PRICE SIXPENCE MONTHLY. Posr Free 7/- perk ANNUM—SEE OVERLEAF. SANDER ie SONS. We receive fortnightly fresh consignments of the best OSMUNDA REGALIS FIBRE from our own freehold lands, situated in the best Osmunda producing territory of the United States of America. Price per bushel, 2/6; per bag, 8/6. ROYAL WARRANT HOLDERS TO THE KING. Bull’s Fumigating Compound. No, 1 Bottle, 20s.; 4 Gallon, 63s. THE MOST. EFFICIENT AND ECONOMICAL. ONCE TRIED BY AN ORCHID GROWER IS ALWAYS USED. Sole Manufacturers : William Bull & Sons, KING’S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON. 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Please Address— CHaRLESWorTH & Co,, Haywards Heath, Sussex. Bi ; to Oi RE VIE Wien XX: FEBRUARY, tg12. [No. 230. OUR NOTE BOOK. ANOTHER step towards the production of the much desired ‘scarlet crispum ” has been taken, Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. having exhibited on January gth a secondary hybrid from Odontioda Bradshawize x Odonto- glossum crispum, under the name of Odontioda Schreederi. The result of this cross shows a considerable increase in size, while much of the red colour of the former parent has been retained, a matter which has been considered rather problematical. It should develop into a good thing when the seedling becomes strong. No one expected to get a plant with the size and shape of the Odontoglossum and the colour of the Cochlioda in the first or even in the second generation, but it is probably only a question of time, for hybridisation and selection are already working wonders. At the following meeting flowers ofa very curious hybrid were exhibited from the collection of Sir William Marriott, the parents being Leelia anceps Sanderiana and Cattleya Aclandiz. ‘The flowerwas most like the Lelia parent in shape, but larger and pale pink in colour. The two parents are very distinct in general character, and it will be interesting to see what the hybrid is like when fully developed. We have lately been much exercised about the problem of variation among secondary hybrids, but the report of a recent lecture reminds us of another phase of the question. Variation, we are told, can no longer be regarded as an indefinite phenomenon. We must dismiss from our minds all preconceptions as to how evolution has proceeded, and as to the part played by utility of structure, and study the properties of animals and plants exactly as we should those of inorganic structures. The doctrine that the degree of fixity of a specific character is a measure of its utility to the organism can no longer be held. The theory of natural selection is said to fail exactly at the point where it is most wanted to help us, namely, the meaning of specific differences. All this it seems has been discovered through the study of variation and heredity by means of Mendelian analysis. 33 34 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FEBRUARY, IgI2. We dissent from the conclusion arrived at, but we have always maintained that Mendelism was nothing but a method of work. Formerly we used to read of the Mendelian Law of Dominance, Law of Gametic Purity, &c., and it was said that the great problem of the future was not so much the origin of species as the origin of unit characters. Then came the announcement that all that Mendel discovered was the Law of Segregation —which is simply the familiar dissociation of mixed specific characters ‘in hybrids under another name. Mendelism seems to be on a sort of inclined plane, and when it has reached the bottom of the slope it will probably show us some of the steps by which species have arisen through progressive development under the operation of natural selection, or the survival of the fittest. From the doctrine that the degree of fixity of a character—-we will omit the word specific—is not a measure of its utility to the organism we completely dissent. Nothing succeeds like success, and in the keen struggle for existence useful variations are those most likely to be preserved, and handed on to succeeding generations. In fact a character originally arising as a mere variation may in turn become a specific character, ultimately attaining generic and even ordinal significance. It is the history of evolution. If we must give an example in proof of the assertion, let us take the rostellum of an Orchid. As Darwin well pointed out, no such organ exists in other plants. It performs the double function of secreting a viscid substance which glues the pollinia to the visiting insect, and of preventing the pollinia from falling on to the stigma of the same flower. But it is only a modified stigma which has lost its original function, and the viscid matter, which dries almost instantly on exposure to the air, is only a modification of the viscid matter of the stigma, which remains moist for a long period. It is confined to the suborder Monandre, and may be said to have arisen as an adaptation with the development of that group. In the highly specialised Vandez a further modification has taken place, by which a portion of the rostellum is cut off to form the sti one of hyaline tissue, analagous to that by which a leaf js disarticulated and thrown off in autumn. And the rostellum has progressed to a marvellous degree of diversity in the different groups. At first a merely secretive organ, it has become a pouch-like body, enclosing the glands of the pollinia in Orchis; a double pouch in Ophrys; a profoundly three-lobed body in Habenaria, in which FEBRUARY, I912.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 35 the side lobes are much prolonged and form channels to carry the slender caudicles of the pollinia; a large disc with two cartilaginous arms in Disperis; while in the male flower of Catasetum it has developed two sensitive antennz, to announce the arrival of an instinct, and cause the expulsion of the pollinia at the right moment—a female organ assumiug a special function in a male flower. Could specialisation much further go ? The rostellum is a good example of a_ successful, because useful, adaptation, but it is only one of a series. Take away the adaptations from an epiphytic Orchid, and there is nothing left. And species are adaptation. Prana rr otic CULTURE OF CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZIIL. REFERRING to the question of the successful treatment of this lovely species {vol. xix. pp. 271, 325), I should like to relate my successful experience. Having under my charge a good many of the shy-flowering type, I tried every known method, without being able to produce flowers, so determined to try a perfectly new and different treatment. To prevent the plants from being watered or sprayed by other hands, I selected some of the strongest and most vigorous plants, which are said to be the shyest-flowering type, and put them into my seedling house. The plants had not flowered before, even in their home, and were at rest. The seedling house is shaded by tiffany blinds as long as the sun is shining, from early morning until the sun goes down. The temperature ranges between 73° F.at night to 78° F. by day, and considerably more with sun heat. In this house, of course, very little ventilation is given, and the air is completely charged with moisture. I kept the plants on the dry side, spraying the leaves, bulbs and surface of the compost very lightly three to five times a day, according to the weather. I carried on this treatment until the new growths were four inches long, and then began to water the compost, affording more water as the growths developed. After this treatment the result was marvellous, and each new bulb produced two to five flowers. I have repeated this method with equal success, with new importations as well. As a rule, it will not be necessary to grow the plants so shady. In my opinion, the most important thing is to keep the plants dry until the new growth is about four inches long, but prevent shrivelling by spraying frequently. It is a canon in horticulture that vigorous growing plants are not so free in producing flowers and fruits as starved ones, and working on this starving principle is the reason of my success. Importers and collectors say that the shy-flowering type grows under trees, near or on the ground, mostly in a shady position, and most growers believe this to be the cause of failure. They therefore grow them in full sun, and I am sure in most cases without producing flowers. I have seen 36 | THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ FEBRUARY, 1912. many plants in different places in Europe treated in this way, and I have treated a few dozen plants after this method myself, with the loss of a good many plants, but without seeing flowers. I was therefore almost certain that this was not the correct treatment. In taking the matter up seriously, I found that where the shy-flowering type of C. gigas grows it is mostly shady, therefore moist, and it is certain that in the moisture the leaves from the trees decay quickly, nourishing the plants more than necessary. This may have been the condition for thousands of years, and I believe it is why we have the shy-flowering type. ROBERT BLOSSFELD, Potsdam. Manager to C. F. Karthaus. FERTILISATION AND SECONDARY HYBRIDS. TE remarkable variation so frequently seen among secondary hybrids is now thoroughly familiar to hybridists, but new cases are constantly causing surprise, especially to beginners and those who purchase a few unflowered seedlings. A correspondent asks us to describe exactly what takes place in hybridising, as it might help to explain some of the things which at present appear incredible, and as the old question of the “false” hybrids of Zygopetalum Mackayi has cropped up again (p. 40) we may attempt to kill two birds with one stone and begin at the very beginning. . An Orchid flower at the moment of expansion is an incomplete organism. If the ovary be then cut across the ovules will be found to be in a rudimentary state, consisting merely of minute papilla projecting from the surface of the placentas, and the remarkable thing is that unless the flower is pollinated they remain in this condition until the flower withers and falls away, sometimes weeks after it first opened. If the ovary of most ordinary plants be opened at the same period the ovules will be found fully developed, and capable of being fertilised immediately. In the rudimentary state that the ovules are in when an Orchid flower expands they are absolutely incapable of fertilisation. They must first grow into the mature condition, and for this some stimulus is necessary. It is supplied by the application of suitable pollen to the stigmas, and the subsequent growth of the pollen tubes. The effect of pollination is quickly visible. In a few hours the floral segments become flaccid, and show signs of withering, and shortly afterwards the column begins to thicken and its wings to close in on the stigma. The pollinia now begin to disintegrate forming with the secretion from the stigma a gelatinous mass, that fills up the stigmatic cavity. Microscopic examination shows that the polliuia are breaking up into the compound four-celled granules characteristic of the Order, and from these the four pollen tubes are already protrubing. They then elongate and push their way down the loose tissue of the style in Fepruary, 1912.! THE ORCHID REVIEW. 37 countless numbers. Meantime the ovary steadily thickens, and _ the placentz and ovules gradually develop, until they reach the mature stage seen in many ordinary flowers at the moment of expansion. Then only is fertilisation effected. Dr. Hildebrandt found that the period elapsing between pollination and fertilisation in Phaius grandifolius was about two months, and_ in Dendrobium nobile and Cypripedium insigne four months, while in Orchis and other European terrestrial Orchids the process was complete in eight to fourteen days. In the case of Cattleya Mossiw, Mr. Veitch found the period to be about three months. Prior to fertilisation the pollen tubes have penetrated the ovary in countless numbers, and lay along the placentz and among the ovules, which are rapidly undergoing the change of form that indicate maturity. This stage being reached, the pollen tubes enter the micropyle of the ovule and impregnation takes place, the effect of which is to cause the ovules to develop into seeds. It is a remarkable fact that the pollen of quite distinct genera of Orchids will cause the development of the ovules without subsequently effecting fertilisation, and this is believed to be the reason why the capsules of some crosses decay or open prematurely and contain nothing but “ chaff.” It has been shown that the young capsule is at least partly formed before fertilisation is effected, and should the latter not take place—from whatever ~cause—the ovules fail to develop into seeds. This brings us to the numerous “false” hybrids of Zygopetalum, and the question arises whether in these cases fertilisation takes place or not. Pollination from the most diverse genera of Orchids serves to cause the development of the ovary and ovules, and the latter further develop into seeds, which, however, only reproduce the mother plant, and thus are not true hybrids. It is not known how far the diverse pollen tubes develop, nor yet whether they enter the micropyle of the ovule and effect fertilisation, The latter case would indicate complete maternal dominance. On the contrary, should fertilisation not take place the inference would be that the stimulus of pollination had not ceased with maturation of the ovules, but that they had developed further into parthenogenetic buds, capable of reproducing the species. With other species of Zygopetalum true intermediate hybrids are produced, also with Colax, showing that fertilisation takes place. The same must probably be said in the case of Chondrorhyncha, for Chondropetalum Fletcheri is not identical with the Zygopetalum, though closely resembling it. It is said that the result is the same when the Chondrorhyncha is the seed parent, and if this is really the case the evidence is conclusive. Clear evidence of such a case of paternal dominance would be remarkable, and we should like to see the cross repeated. In no other case, so far as we can learn, has the reverse cross been successful, but evidence is wanting as 38 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FEBRUARY, 1912. to what reverse crosses have been made, and we should like to see a few careful experiments carried out. . A plausible explanation of the “ false’ hybrids of Zygopetalum would be that it was a case of self-fertilisation, but this idea may be dismissed, for the experiments have been made, and repeated, by expert hybridists, always with the same result—and without pollination no capsules are produced. But microscopic examination would show whether fertilisation takes place or not, and such an experiment as that made by Mr. Veitch in the case of Cattleya Mossiz would settle the matter. If about fifty flowers of Zygopetalum were taken, half self-fertilised, and half crossed with Odontoglossum crispum—after their own pollinia had been carefully removed—and their subsequent development traced, by their periodic removal and microscopic examination, it would be possible to ascertain what really takes place. A smaller number of flowers would serve if all developed properly, for a weekly examination from the seventh or eighth week would suffice until the critical period arrived, some few weeks later. It would be a very interesting experiment and should settle the matter definitely. (To be concluded). THE. AMATEUR’S: COLLECTION. By C. ALwyn Harrison, F.R.H.S. Coot House. THE plants in this structure will need almost identical treatment to that set forth last month. More water and ventilation may be given, however, if mild weather prevails. If cold winds are experienced be careful not to open the roof ventilators on the exposed side of the house. Should the collection be situated in the vicinity of a large town, where fogs frequently occur, the roof glass must be well cleansed after each visitation, and during the fog itself the ventilators should be kept closed. The chief duties of the cultivator will be to see that all growing plants receive a fair amount of water, that those resting be kept drier, and at the coolest end of the house, and that the leaves be kept clean by repeated sponging. Tepid rain water should be used for this purpose. This is also a suitable season for washing the pots and for cleansing the inside glass. Some of the later-flowering Cypripediums should be ready for potting, and the method to be followed and the best compost were explained in my last month’s article. If some plants do not need any repotting, it will then be best to leave them until another season. I cannot say that I am an advocate of top-dressing, for replacing the old surface soil by fresh renders it difficult to see the condition of that below, and whilst the surface compost may appear quite moist, that underneath may be dust dry, or vice-versa. FEBRUARY, 1912,] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 39 Many of the winter-flowering Oncidiums will now need a fresh compost, and, as mentioned some months back, I strongly advise an annual change of soil. For compost use polypodium fibre, sphagnum moss, and well- rotted oak leaves, in equal parts. Mix the whole well together and use ina damp state. These plants should be accommodated at the warmest end of the house, and only given sufficient water to keep them just moist, until it is seen that a fresh start has been made. The undermentioned should be ready for the above treatment: O. crispum, Forbesii, Gardneri, Marshallianum, tigrinum and varicosum. I do not advise the repotting of Odontoglossums just yet, but will discuss this point next month. CATTLEYA HOUSE. During this and the following month an average temperature of 55° to: 60° Fahr. should be maintained, allowing the thermometer to run up to 68° or 70° with sun heat. At night from 58° to 63° should be the correct degree of warmth. Ventilate as frecly as the external atmosphere and internal heat of the house will allow. Usually a little bottom air can be admitted from 9 a.m. till 3.30 p.m. The amount of humidity in the house must be regulated by the amount of fire heat employed. Always maintain enough atmospheric moisture to prevent the house from feeling stuffy. A dry heat, combined with a little fresh air, is worse than a damp close atmosphere. Damp down once about noon, on the path, stages and amongst the pots. A nice moisture should thereby be created, but it is yet too early to syringe the plants themselves. Water all plants growing and in bud whenever the compost appears dry, but all at rest or just commencing to grow once a week. Cattleya Mossiz, Warneri, late Trianz, Lelia purpurata, and spring flowering Lzliocattleyas, should be placed well up to the light. Personally I prefer a shelf near the roof glass for such, providing it is within easy reach of inspection. Dendrobiums which have their flower buds showing must only be watered sparingly, otherwise the blooms will turn to growths. On no account try to force them, unless it be one or two for some particular reason. If so treated, you must not expect a good display the following season. Any Vanda ccerulea which are in bud must be given all possible light, otherwise the blossoms will become small and. colourless. SUGGESTED ADDITION. OponToGLossuM Rossil.—This is a pretty dwarf species, which is nevertheless of great beauty, and produces its flowers very freely during this and the following month. The plant only attains the height of five inches, but sends up a short flower scape, bearing several large and delicately tinted blossoms. The sepals are heavily barred with bright chestnut 40 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ FEERUARY, 1912. brown, the petals lilac, and the lip large, prettily frilled, and of a pale lilac shade. This ranks as one of the cheapest Orchids, and is worthy of extensive culture. HYBRIDISATION OF ZYGOPETALUM MACKAYI. OwING to the curious phenomenon of this Orchid producing only ‘* false” hybrids when crossed with Lycaste, Odontoglossum and Phaius, it may be interesting to mention a remark made to me which opens up the possibility of obtaining real hybrids from a second generation. It is said that when beardless and bearded wheats were intercrossed, the hybrids produced were all beardless, but when these were again crossed with one of the parents, the offspring were fairly intermediate between the two. I suggest that Zygopetalum Mackayi be crossed, both ways, with Odontoglossum crispum, and the resulting seedlings, when in flower, be united again with the Odontoglossum parent. It seems possible that real hybrids, showing distinct traces of the Odontoglossum, might thus be obtained. I may add that, as a preliminary step, I have crossed Zygopetalum Mackayi with Odontoglossum crispum, Oncidium flexuosum and O. tigrinum. C. ALWyn HARRISON. ‘Mr. Harrison raises an old but very interesting question at an opportune time, as the Zygopetalum is now in bloom. We do not remember if this particular experiment has been tried with Odontoglcssum, but it is said to have been carried out with Lelia anceps, the result of a second cross being still Zygopetalum, pure and simple (O.R., xi. p. 4). Such a result is mysterious, to say the least, and the time seems ripe for some experiments upon rather different lines. Zygopetalum is now reported to have been crossed with at least seven different genera, the resulting seedlings amounting to several hundreds, but in no case could the influence of the pollen parent be detected. We should like to see all these crosses reversed, and Zygopetalum pollen is common enough. It is said that such crosses refuse to take, but we do not know how far the experiment has been carried out. The secondary cross suggested by Mr. Harrison could be made at once, for at the R.H.S. meeting held on January 9th, Messrs. James Veitch & Sons exhibited a batch of .Zygopetalums that ought to have been hybrids with Odontoglossum crispum, but, as usual, there was no trace of the latter. We have a suspicion that in such cases fertilisation proper does not take place at all, a point which is alluded to on another page. We believe that in some of the above cases Zygopetalum inter- medium was used, not the original Z. Mackayi (Bot. Mag., t. 2748), for which the former often does duty in gardens. The mistake arose when Lindley figured what he called Eulophia Mackaiana in the Botanical Register (t. 1433), with Zygopetalum Mackayi, Hook., asa synonym.—EpD.}. a. FEBRUARY, 1912. | THE ORCHID REVIEW. 41 MR. HARRY J. VEITCH, F.L.S., V.M.H. WE have now the pleasure of presenting our readers with a portrait of Mr. Harry J. Veitch, F.L.S., V.M.H., head of the firm of Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea—the pioneers of Orchid hybridisa- tion—to whom it will be remembered our last volume was dedicated. Veitch, who was born at Exeter, came to Chelsea with his father in