VANDA CC@ERULEA VAR. CHARLESWORTHII.

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TA V OR
ORCHID REVIEW

An QZllustrated Wlonthly Journal

OF .ORCHIDOL OGG Y

EpITED By R. ALLEN ROLFE, A.L.S., F.R.H.S.

VOLUME XXVIII

1920

QAO

B\.

Rew:
FRANK LESLIE & CO., 1z2, LAWN CRESCENT °-

London Agents :

MARSHALL BROTHERS, hte ERNOSTER ROW, E.C. 4

g-
-APR28 1928
gene.

To
He 2 Peri ESe.:
ROssLynN, STAMFORD Hitt, N.,
ONE OF OUR OLDEST
AND MOST ENTHUSIASTIC ORCHIDISTS,
THIS TWENTY-EIGHTH VOLUME OF THE “ORCHID REVIEW,”

IS CORDIALLY DEDICATED.

Kew,
December, 1920.

x so

pe The Orchid Review G

L

g Y VoL. XXVIIL * 1920. No. 325-326.
(2 O JAN.-FEBRUARY No. 325-326 Lo
§ OUR NOTE BOOK. %

“ahi year 1919 will doubtless in the future come to be regarded as a

transition period, marking the close of a great world tragedy, and the.
dawn of a brighter and better era. A normal year could not in any case be
expected. First and foremost we welcome the return of our “ boys” to the
peaceful pursuits of Horticulture and Orchidology, where their presence is
greatly needed, though the gallant efforts of an army of volunteers of both
sexes to “carry on” during their absence, which merits our warmest com-
mendation, has saved the situation. Our collections may be depleted, they
have not been destroyed, and will doubtless rival their old time brilliancy
as normal conditions return.

The fortnightly meetings of the Royal Horticultural and Manchester. .
Orchid Societies have invariably produced something of interest, though *
the exhibits have necessarily been restricted by the abnormal conditions,
and the resumption of the R.H.S. Spring Show at Chelsea after a lapse of
two years, though on a somewhat reduced scale, was attended with marked
success, and four Gold Medals were awarded to Orchids. In place of the
Summer Show there was a special Exhibition, five weeks later, on behalf of
the War Horticultural Relief Fund, when Orchids were again staged in
excellent condition, five groups being distinguished by the award of Gold
Medals. On this occasion the Orchid Committee did not meet.

The Orchids certificated by the Society are probably judged on an
increasingly severe standard, for the First-class Certificates number only
II, against 64 Awards of Merit, while 11 Preliminary Commendations were
also given. The Cultural Commendation, which is given in recognition of
superior culture, has been awarded on seven occasions. It is curious how
the First-class Certificate has been monopolised by the Cattleya group,
the only exceptions being Disa Blackii var. grandiflora and Odontioda Lady
Veitch. The others were four Brassocattleyas, three Leliocattleyas, two
Sophrocatlelias, and one Brassocatlelia. The Manchester Orchid Society

‘has also given a large number of certificates during the year.
eL

2 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Jan.-FEB., 1920.

One might speak of progress in Hybridisation, for hybrids, practically
speaking, monopolise the Award List. It is true there were five exceptions,
but they were all Cultural Commendations given to exceptionally well-
grown examples of wild species, namely: Aérides odoratum album,
Bulbophyllum — Balfourianum, Cattleya Mossiz Arnoldiana, Lelia
monophylla, and Sarcopodium acuminatum. As to the hybrids themselves,
they were mainly representatives of well-known popular genera, which it
would take far too long to summarise. We may, however, mention two
new hybrid genera, which have been named in accordance with the rule
applicable to such cases. These were Charlesworthiara, derived from
Miltonioda X Oncidioda, and thus combining the three genera, Cochlioda,
Miltonia, and Oncidium, and Rolfeara, from Sophrocattleya x Brasso-
cattleya, thus uniting Brassavola, Cattleya, and Sophronitis.

Coming to interesting events, we note the successful termination of an
experiment to prove the parentage of the hybrid Odontoglossum
Humeanum, which occupied no fewer than nineteen years. The history
has been fully recorded, and the award of a Certificate of Appreciation was
a fitting conclusion to the experiment. The appearance of female flowers
of Catasetum Rodigasianum at the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, was
another interesting event. An important contribution to the history of the
remarkable genus Cycnoches has been made by our Central American
friends, Mr. C. H. Lancester and Mr. C. W. Powell, the former in re-
discovering the long-lost Cycnoches Diane, Rchb. f., and the latter in
obtaining flowers of both sexes, the females being previously unknown.
Two papers on British Natural Hybrids must not be overlooked, for the
result of prolonged research has shown that no fewer than fifteen natural
hybrids have been identified within the confines of the United Kingdom,
and their histories have now been given. The recognition of the remark-
able Arachnanthe Lowii as a distinct genus may also be mentioned, and the
contributions to the history of Mendelism, contained in our two last issues,
which show that Mendel’s discoveries were anticipated by three of our own
countrymen, and by a period of over forty years.

Losses during the year itichude such old and well-known names as Mr.
Robert Johnson, Mr. William Swan, Sir Frank Crisp, and Mr. J. J. Neale,
while the United States has to deplore the death of Mr. D. S. Brown, for
many years one of its leading Orchidists.

Of the future we can only speak in terms of hope. The great need of the
future is security, and one cannot contemplate the recurrence of such
another calamity as the world has just passed through. A contemplation

JAN. FEB., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3

of the horror depicted at page 109 of our last volume should convert any
halting Orchidist into an earnest supporter of the League of Nations, for in’
it lies the greatest hope of security for the future. oan

\ mses e 4,E
IS tHe THE ORCHID REVIEW TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO. |
BL 4_ A BER Se

Ce IVE years ago the Orchid Review was commencing its third
volume, and it is interesting to glance back to the current topics of.
the period. The January issue contained a fine photograph of the’ plant of
Cattleya Victoria-Regina in the collection of W. Thompson, Esq., which it
was shown was a natural hybrid between C. labiata and C. Leopoldii var.
pernambucensis, which grow together in the Pernambuco district. Natural
hybrids were well to the fore, for a note about Cattleya O’Brieniana
suggests its origin as a natural cross between C. Loddigesii and C. dolosa,
received from the same region, and another article showed that Cypripedium
siamense, described as a species before the second parent was known, was
also a natural hybrid between C. callosum and C. Appletonianum. We
may add in passing that it was this article that led Mr. Reginald Young, of
Liverpool, to make the experiment which settled the matter, and, fortun-
ately, he had the two species in bloom together at the time. A third
article was devoted to Cypripedium insigne and its varieties, two dozen of
the more distinct being described, including the remarkable form with lip-
like petals, which was afterwards figured as var. Oddity.

Willow roots as a substitute for peat was discussed by Mr. A. Annandale,
an amateur grower of the period, and there is an interesting note on the
successful culture of Coelogyne cristata alba by Mr. R. Brooman White, who
is, happily, still devoted to the cult. The Calendar of Operations was in
the capable hands of Mr. H. A. Burberry, who had charge of the fine collec-
tion of Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, at Highbury. The six new hybrids
described were Epidendrum Wallisio-ciliare, Lzliocattleya trentonensis,
and four Cypripediums, and a summary of the Orchids of 1894 includes
hybrids from twenty-three different raisers. The flowering at Kew of two
species of the primitive genus Neuwiedia is also recorded, and the appear-
ance of the female of Cycnoches Loddigesii in the collection of H. J. Elwes,

Esq., after a lapse of over half-a-century- Mr. O. O. Wrigley hada note on
a batch of forty or fifty Cypripedium Charlesworthii which he had flowered.

The February issue contains an article on Mexican Hybrid Lelias, the

Culture of Dendrobiums by Mr. James Cypher, figures of Dendrobium
Hildebrandii and Coryanthes macrantha at home, and numerous other
notes, in addition to the usual reports of Exhibitions. A spirited discussion
on the origin of the polymorphic Catasetum splendens also indicates that
natural hybrids were a burning question in those far-off days.

4 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANn.-FeB., 1920.

Be | ORCHIDS AT BLETCHLEY PARK.

S}|

WENT Y years ago the Orchids at Bletchley Park were better known
than they have been in recent years, and in those far-off days, when
the producing of Orchids from seed was still the work of a select few, two
very fine hybrids were raised and flowered here—namely, Leliocattleya
bletchleyensis and Cattleya Maggie Raphael. These have been produced
in considerable numbers in other collections since that time, and the
Cattleya hybrid is quite one of the best and surest flowerers of all Cattleyas
at Christmas and the New Year ; unlike so many hybrids—notably those of
the second degree—being consistent and fixed in its season, and just the
season when Cattleya flowers are scarcest and in most demand. C. Maggie
Raphael is the result of crossing C. Triane with C. Dowiana aurea, and
there are now numerous fine white forms in collections, a on white form
of Trianz making one of the parents.

Sir Herbert and Lady Leon are both very keen gardeners, and take a
great pleasure and interest in their Orchid collection. Sir Herbert is.
fond of large blooms of good colour, such as are represented by the primary
Lelia purpurata crosses—Lzeliocattleya callistoglossa, Lc. Dominiana, and
suchlike, and a fair number of these are in the collection. Albino
Cattleyas and those of yellow tints are also much admired, but few
Orchids exist, probably, that when healthily grown and flowered, they
would not admire, and the collection is a very Catholic one, the three
great sections—Cattleya, Odontoglossum and Cypripedium being well

represented, and besides there is a good collection of the less showy kinds,
_ which are broadly classed as botanical Orchids.

Early in the war, when labour was scarce or inexperienced, the a
at Bletchley passed under the management of Mr. W. T. Watson, the
agent. Mr. Watson is first and foremost a farmer, whose forte is cattle
breeding, and he is known far and wide in this important industry, the
herds at Bletchley have produced endless prize-winners, but notwithstand-
ing his many interests and duties he applied himself to gaining some
knowledge of the Orchids, and is now quite at-home with the nomenclature:
and has a very good eye for a well-grown and clean plant, and is sound in
his judgment of a good variety. Being unable to find a man at this period
to take charge of the collection, he presuaded his elder daughter to become
grower pro tem., and this position she held until the close of the war. She
entered into the work with enthusiasm, seeking information and advice

when opportunity offered, and became at once an interested and keen
- Orchid grower, and not only successfully brought the collection through,

Jan teed THE ORCHID REVIEW 5

but added much to its vigour. Miss Watson had zest and enthusiasm, and
it was a sad day for Orchidology when she got married!

The collection is contained in some seven houses or divisions, which run
out of, or are connected by, a corridor, so that the whole block of houses
may be viewed without going outside. A feature of some of the houses
is that the brick ends are fitted with pockets, which are tastefully planted
with ferns and suitable foliage plants, interspersed with Orchids that are
among the more easily grown, such as Cypripediums and Cymbidiums,
making a kind of rockery of exotic plants, which gives a finished and
pleasing effect. It is proposed to carry this idea throughout all the houses.

The Odontoglossum house is a commodious one of good width, but
without centre staging. The plants are arranged round the sides, while
from the centre are suspended a good selection of Masdevallias, including
a number of the Chimera section. The Odontoglossums are mostly
crispum, but there are a good number of hybrids and Odontiodas, good
examples of O. Bradshawie, Brewii, Zephyr, Charlesworthii, etc., being
noted, while at one end is a good selection of Cymbidiums.

We lead out of this house into a corridor which is divided into three
compartments. From the roof of the first division are suspended two
dozen fine plants of Odontoglossum citrosmum and other things, while on
the stages area number of Thunia Marshalliana, T. Winniana, Miltonia
Hyeana, M. Bleuana, M. Lyoth, Zygocolax Veitchii, and the rare Promenea
Crawshayana. In the second division are plants of Renanthera Imschoot-
iana, Vanda coerulea, and back divisions of the better plants of the

collection are here collected together for purposes of propagation. A
notable plant here is a healthy piece of a fine Cattleya Mossie Wageneri,
which received an award as far back as 1898. This plant flowered last
season, and was a really fine thing. Cattleya Mossiz has a name for
deteriorating in cultivation, but there are some historical plants which
point the other way, and probably the most famous is C. M. McMorlandiz,
which received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. in 1868. At least
one healthy piece of this plant is in cultivation, and it would be interesting
to hear of any other Cattleya species being as long in cultivation as this
one. The third division of the corridor contains a collection of Calanthes,
including C. Wm. Murray, C. bella, C. Harrisii, etc.

My visit took place in November last, when a lot of seasonable things
were in flower, and a selection from the various houses were arranged ina
division recently fashioned for a show-house. The advantages of the show-
house are that the atmosphere may be kept drier than where the plants
have been growing, and they may here be better arranged for effect with
foliage plants. Strong, well-flowered plants of Cattleya Bowringiana, C.
labiata, C. Fabia, C. Astron, C. Minucia, with an inflorescence of eight

6 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JAN.-FFB, 1920.

flowers, Lelia Gouldiana with two fine spikes, Lzliocattleya Britannia, a
number of Cypripediums and many other things made a good show.

There are three Cattleya houses at Bletchley Park, well stocked with a
good variety of Brassocattleyas, Lzeliocattleyas, etc. One of these is
filled chiefly with home-raised seedlings of a fair size, and one is used more
asa resting house during the winter, being occupied with plants that have
recently flowered and are now dormant. A good number of albinos were
pointed out, and many interesting choice things, among which I might
mention C. Golden King var. Peter, C. Lady Leon, a fine variety of C.
Soulange, Lc. Rex, Lc. Olenus, C. Hardyana alba, good batches. of C.
gigas, C. Dowiana aurea, etc.

A division is devoted to Vandas, Angrecums, and Aérides, and fine
healthy plants of V. tricolor, suavis and Amesiana were noted, together with
Angrecum sesquipedale, Aérides Fieldingii, Sobralia xantholeuca, and
other interesting plants which enjoy the moist warm temperature here
maintained.

The Cypripedium house was quite gay with flowers at the time of my
visit, and emphasized the importance of this section as winter bloomers.
The plants were in a very fine condition, and being mostly specimen plants
with numerous growths in flower, and the flowers well developed on long
stems, they were seen at their best. Most of the well-known good hybrids
are grown, such as Gaston Bultel, Thalia in-variety, Lord Ossulston, many
varieties of Leeanum, including Gratrixie. This was a very fine display
indeed.

It isa matter for congratulation that Sir Herbert and Lady Leon main-
tain so keen an interest in their Orchid collection, which gives promise of
still further development in the future.

The cultural charge is in the hands of Mr. W. Field, who is to be
complimented on the general healthy condition of the plants.

J. M. Brack.

ONCIDIUM INCURVOPHORUM _—A distinct and attractive hybrid raised by
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, from O. incurvum and O.
corynephorum, the latter being the remarkable Peruvian species which is
figured as the frontispiece to our thirteenth volume. The flower is most
like O. incurvum in shape, but has a broad rounded front lobe to the lip,
in this respect recalling the second parent. The flowers are lilac-coloured
with a purple lip. The habit is that of O. incurvum, the straggling
character of the other parent having been lost. If pollen is at any time
available, we would suggest that the hybrid should again be crossed with O-
cornephorum, in order to improve further the shape of the flowers, for the
Sohaoes are completely in harmony.

Flin ea —

BE ee ee ee

JAN.-FEB, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 7

EW OBITUARY. } 2 |

ANIEL SIDNEY BROWN.—We much regret to hear of the death,
on November 17th last, of this old and much esteemed American
Orchidist, of St. Louis, Missouri. The news is conveyed in a press cutting
sent by Messrs. Julius Roehrs, Rutherford, New Jersey, who remark that
the deceased was one of our biggest fanciers of Orchids. The cutting bears
the date, November 18th, 1919, and is as follows: “A blanket of Orchids
to cover the top of the casket was sent to-day to the funeral of Daniel
Sidney Brown, 66 years old, widely known as a collector of Orchids, by the
Missouri Botanical Garden, to which Brown had given the larger part of
his collection, rated as the best in America. Brown died at his home,
5122, Washington Boulevard, at 12.50 p.m. yesterday, of paralysis. The
funeral was held this afternoon from the home. There were 150 blooms of
rare lady slipper Orchids in the floral blanket. All used were from the
collection which Brown had donated. In this collection was a Cattleya
from South America for which Brown paid $500. It happened that the
plant was blooming at this time, and was used in the blanket.” We may
add that Mr. Brown was an old correspondent of the Orchid Review, dating
from June, 1896, and the possessor of a complete set of the work.

J. J. NEALE.—Orchidology has suffered another severe loss in the death
of J. J. Neale, Esq., of Oxton, Kenton, near Exeter, which took place on
December 2gth last, after an operation for appendicitis, at the age of 65.
For over thirty years Mr. Neale has been an enthusiastic Orchidist,
commencing in a small way, then adding a number of plants secured
at a sale at Bath, which formed the nucleus of his present large and varied
collection. Our acquaintance with the deceased began early in 1897, when
he became a subscriber to the Orchid Review. He was then resident at
Penarth, Glamorganshire, cultivating his Orchids personally, but with the
growth of the collection and theclaims of a business at Cardiff, he engaged
Mr. E. W. Davy (afterwards at Kew, and now in Colonial Service in#frica),
to assist him. In April, 1903, an account of the collection appeared in our
pages (xi. pp. 10i, 102), when it contained over 400 distinct species, and an
aggregate of about 2,000 plants. Since then we have frequently received
flowers from him, as our pages will testify, largely species of botanical
interest, varied with an occasional hybrid, the latter becoming more
frequent as time went on. When Mr. Davy removed to Kew, Mr. H..
Haddon was engaged as gardener, and was with Mr. Neale until War
service claimed him, after which he was followed by Mr. E. Swinden,
formerly with Sir Trevor and Lady Lawrence. Mr. Neale’s removal to

. > THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JAN.-FEB., 1920.

Devonshire is of comparatively recent date, but there are notes at pp. II5,
and 176 of our last volume, in which he speaks of building a large cool
house for Odontoglossums, and of his fortunate possession of an abundance
of sphagnum and peat fibre on the estate, at a time when War restrictions
made these essential materials difficult to obtain. Mr. Neale was a good
all-round naturalist, and a great lover of plants. One of his chief delights
was a collection of Insectivorous plants, which were grown with the
‘Orchids, and some of our readers may remember his exhibit at the
Royal Horticultural Show at Chelsea in 1913, to which a Gold Medal was
awarded. Two photographs of Droseras, showing the most remarkable
vigour, are in our possession. Mr. Neale enjoyed the warm friendship of
Principal A. J. Trow, Professor of Botany at Cardiff University, and of Mr.
H. G. Alexander, of Westonbirt, who were frequent visitors at Oxton.
~The splendid specimens of trees on his new estate near the mouth of the
Exe were a source of delight to Mr. Neale. It may be added that a few
days before his fatal illness Mr. Neale spent many hours in cutting and
packing boxes of choice flowers to his friends as Christmas presents. He
leaves a widow, sixsons, and three daughters, His many friends will be
pleased to hear that the collection is to be maintained under the care ot
Mr. Swinden, and that the plans he had in view will be carried out.

ORCHIDS FROM COOKSBRIDGE.—F lowers of two very interesting hybrids
have been communicated by Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, who
exhibited them at the R.H.S. meeting held on November 18th last.

OpontocipiuM NANETTE (Oncidium incurvuam Xx Odontoglossum
Harryanum).—A distinct and interesting hybrid, having vinous-purple,
somewhat undulate and spreading sepals and petals, rather over an inch
long, and an ample, obovate, three-lobed white lip, with a large vinous
purple blotch in front of the spiny crest, which is brown with a few yellow
splashes, the column also being Oncidium-like in character. Thus it most
recalls a greatly enlarged Oncidium, but the influence of the pollen parent is
seen in the greatly enlarged lip and spiny crest. A second cross with
the Odontoglossum would be interesting.

Oncrip1opa Cora (Cochlioda Neetzliana x Oncidium Schlimii).—This
might almost be described as an Oncidium with red sepals and petal, and
the lip suffused with orange, this giving the flowers a very distinct and
attractive appearance. Had it appeared asa wild plant it would probably

have been described.as a very pretty new species of Oncidium, for the shape,
the crest of the lip, and the wings of the column are quite characteristic,
and the habit is quite Oncidium-like. The lip, however is united to the
column for a line at the base, and the colour also shows strongly the
influence of the Cochlioda parent.

Fai ipl int aah

in a

Jan.-FeEx., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 9

eS HYBRID ODONTOGLOSSUMS. Re

AST year we were delighted to welcome several of our old Belgian
subscribers back after the tragedy of the War, and we are glad to know
that the circle is being enlarged. Ere long we hope to see some of their

Fig. 1 O. WILCKEANUM Fig. 2. O. RUBICANS.
VAR. THALIA.
Fig. 3. O. ALTUM Fig. 4. O. AMABILE

VAR. BELLONE: VAR. GOLIATH.

‘productions again at Chelsea; meantime the annexed block serves to recall
some of the earlier successes of our old friend, M. Ch. Vuylsteke, of Ghent,
‘who was one of the pioneers of Odontoglossum raising. The figures repre-
‘sent four varieties that were staged in a fine group at the Temple Show in
1906, to which the Lindley Medal was awarded. The flowers shown are
about half natural size, and were taken on an isochromatic plate, so that

10 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JAN.-FEB., 1920,

the colours are represented as nearly as possible in their proper values.
The photograph was taken by Mr. C. P. Raffi].

O. WILCKEANUM VAR. THALIA (fig. 1) is the result of a cross between
-O. crispum and O. luteopurpureum, and has a light yellow ground colour
and dark chocolate-brown markings. The shape is excellent, and the well-
toothed petals recall some of the wild hybrids of similar origin. In this
case, choice forms of both parents were selected as parents.

O. RUBICANS (fig. 2) is a plant of doubtful origin, probably a secondary
hybrid in which a blotched crispum was one of the original parents. When
it appeared, we suggested that it might be a heavily blotched form of
O. nitidum (Harryano-crispum x Wilckeanum), as there is a trace of
O. Harryanum about the crest. The ground colour is nearly white, and the
large blotches deep red-purple, rather more brown on the lip. We have not
heard whether the batch of seedlings from which it appeared has been traced.

O. aLTUM var. BELLONE (fig. 3) was exhibited as O. ardentissimum X
Hallii, but the shape and details of the lip are more in character with
O. Pescatorei as the first parent. The ground colour is white, and the large
blotches-deep chocolate, forming a very attractive combination.

O. AMABILE VAR. GOLIATH (fig. 4) is a fine form of this well-known hybrid,
and the flowers have an expanse of 4} inches. It came from a batch of
O. spectabile x crispum, and has copious light cinnamon blotches on a
white ground. It is a handsomely marked form.

ORCHIDS FROM Usk Friory.—Some very interesting Orchids have been
sent from the collection of R. Windsor Rickards, Esq., Usk Priory,
Monmouthshire. Sophrocattleya Ramilles (Sc. warnhamensis xX C.
Empress Frederick), is a brilliant thing, the flowers being of excellent
shape, with broad, rose-coloured sepals and petals, and the lip with darker
veining in front, and some yellow veining on the orange-coloured disc.
Brassocattleya Enid (C. Enid x Bc. Leemaniz) is a finely-shaped
hybrid, with rose-purple sepals and petals, and a light yellow disc to
the undulate and prettily fringed lip. The third is from Sophrocattleya
Saxa’ X Brassocattleya Leemaniz, and thus is a second member of Mr.
Thwaites’ genus, Rolfeara (O.R., xxvii. p. 3). It is a seedling raised by
Messrs. Flory & Black, and the name Rolfeara Ceres is suggested. The
scape bears two large flowers, most like the Brassocattleya parent in
shape, and the colour is very light rosy mauve, with a chrome yellow
disc to the undulate and neatly fringed lip. The object was to unite the
scarlet of one original parent with the Cattleya shape, and in this respect
is not a success, but other seedlings of the batch may behave differently.
It may prove difficult to combine the scarlet of one original parent with
the Brassavola fringe.

JAN.-FEB., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. It

Ecce] ORCHIDS IN COSTA RICA. Eee

OME additional dried flowers of Costa Rican Orchids have been sént by
Mr. C. H. Lankester, Agua Caliente, Costa Rica, one of which is the
subject ofa special note. Mr. Lankester recently spent a week near the
junction of the Parismena and Reventazon rivers, and he remarks that
although one cannot explore the epiphytal contents of the woodland unless
recent felling has occured, there is nearly always a key to what the district
contains from fallen trees or branches, and the river banks, invariably lined
by Pithecolobium cognatum, are an index to what occurs locally. Further,
many species from the higher zones follow down the rivers. Remarkably few
Orchids occur in the high forests of the coastal region on the Atlantic slope,
and the only ones encountered during this trip were Trigonidium, Aspasia,
one plant of Cattleya Deckeri, and a Maxillaria, said to be a common
coastal species, of which a dried flower, and a reduced pen and ink sketch
are sent. It is nearly allied to M. setigera, and from a search among
descriptions of Costa Rican species not represented at Kew, we believe it to
be :—

MAXILLARIA ENpDRESII, Rchb. f. (Gard. Chron., 1886, i. p. 680).—The
author remarks: ‘‘ This flowered in 1870, in the Hamburg Botanic Garden,
having been sent alive with Sievkingia by the late Mr. Endres, to whose
memory it is now dedicated. I made a sketch in colours, but never
published it. Now it has re-appeared, also from Costa Rica, in the
establishment of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., whence it has been kindly sent
me by Mr. Edward Low. It belongs to the group of Maxillaria setigera,
Lindl.” Then follows a description, which agrees so closely with the materials
Sent that, until a second species of the group is found in Costa Rica, it may be
regarded as representing the same species. The flower sent has narrow
sepals and petals, about two inches long, which are described as wax yellow
in colour, paler at the base, and the lip white at the edges, with a broad,
cuneiform, light cadmium blotch in the centre of the front lobe, and the side
lobes, also the front of the column, stained with maroon.

Mr. Lankester has recently made an importation of Cattleya Trianz, C.
Warscewiczii (gigas), and Odontoglossum crispum from a Colombian
locality, but they were solong em route that none of the Odontoglossums
survived the trip. The others were fair, but it was painful to have to throw
away dozens of fine plants that were ruined by their long stay in the ports.
The cases took two months to get from Honda to Port Limon.

He kindly promises a few notes to supplement a recent article on Orchids
at home, which will be greatly appreciated. R.A.R.

12 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JAN.-FEB., 1920.

By J. T. BARKER, Orchid grower to His Grace the Duke of

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JAN.-FEBRUARY.
Marlborough, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxon.

NCE more we review the cycle of cultural routine, and we may now
hope for a speedy return to pre-war conditions. Orchids, despite the
many difficulties which still attend their culture, have lost none of their
popularity, and when the existing troubles pass away, we may look for
many accessions to the ranks of Orchid lovers and growers. The war has
undoubtedly caused a serious setback to Orchid culture, but progress has
been maintained, at all events so far as hybridisation is concerned, and if a
return to normal conditions can be secured, things should soon right them-
selves again. Orchids are not only a delightful hobby, but they have
‘become an important branch of decorative horticulture, thanks to the
persistent efforts of the hybridist. The amount of progress since ‘the
Orchid Review was founded, twenty-seven years ago, is marvellous, as may
be found in its pages, and the record itself is an achievement. It has not
been accomplished without hard and persistent work, and the difficulties
caused by the war must have made it well-nigh impossible. A tribute of
appreciation for such an achievement is due from one who has known and
valued the work from the commencement.

TEMPERATURES.—For the benefit of new readers and beginners in
Orchid culture, I will give the most suitable temperatures for the different
departments :—

Cool house ; day, 50° to 55°; with sun, 60°; night, 50°.

Intermediate house: day, 60° to 65°; with sun, 66°; night, 57° to 60°.

- Cattleya and Mexican house: day, 60° to 65°; with sun, 68°; night, 58°.

East Indian house: day, 65° to 70°; with sun, 75°; night, 65°.

_ These figures are given as a guide, but slight variations are permissible
in accordance with the outside conditions. Sun-heat should be utilised to
raise the temperatures a few degrees. A regular, even temperature should
be maintained as far as possible. In large establishments there are
frequently houses that are kept at temperatures a little higher or lower
than the figures given, and this provides suitable conditions for a greater
variety of plants. The small grower in many cases suffers from the small-
ness of his houses, as these fluctuate more quickly than those of larger size.
Success depends entirely upon the conditions provided for the different
plants which go to make up our collections, and even when the best
possible conditions are provided, some districts are more favourable for
certain plants than others.

The principal work for the period under consideration consists in

JAN.-FEB., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 13.

maintaining the proper temperatures in the various houses, providing
suitable atmospheric conditions, and the cleaning of the plants and houses,
so that when the growing season comes round everything can start without
any impediment. For the present, everything should be kept as quiet as
possible, no attempt being made to push plants into growth or flower, for
premature growth made during the winter is weak and unsatisfactory.

VENTILATION of the different houses is essential whenever possible, as.
no plants can thrive and: grow luxuriantly without fresh air. At this
season some discretion must be used in its admission, but it must be done
by some means every day, as a dry stagnant atmosphere is most injurious.
The observant cultivator will soon find the difference between a badly
ventilated and a judiciously ventilated house, not only by his own personal
comfort, but in the health and vigour of his plants. It is astonishing what
can be accomplished by opening a single ventilator, if only an inch or two,
for a space of half an hour or so during the day. The houses vary
considerably in their requirements, according to the plants grown in them,
so that no definite rule can be laid down. Orchids, like animals, must have
fresh air, but, like them, should not be exposed to draughts, which must be
avoided at all times. To those who do not succeed exactly as they would
like, I urge a closer study of the atmospheric conditions of the houses.

ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE is another essential factor which must be
regulated according to the outside conditions and the amount of heat in the
respective houses. Should the outside conditions be clear and bright, or
should it have been necessary to use considerable fire heat, owing to frost,
more moisture is required than when the outside atmosphere is dull and
heavily charged with moisture. The two great things to avoid are a hot,
parched atmosphere, and a cold saturated one; both are highly dangerous,
and much harm may accrue from either.

WATERING.—The greatest care and attention must now be taken in the
application of water to the compost. Many plants will be at rest, and these
only require sufficient water to keep them plump, and prevent them from
shrivelling; others will be growing, and require water whenever they
become dry. A recognition of this difference is one of the secrets of
successful cultivation. Too much water is as bad as too little, and both
extremes are dangerous, though the latter is the lesser of the two evils. The
application of water to the compost is one which should have the greatest
consideration, especially during the dull, dark days of the winter. A safe
rule to observe is to keep the plants rather on the dry side until growth or
root action commences, trusting principally to-the humidity in the atmos-
phere to assist in bringing the plants safely through the winter months.
Many give their plants too much water during the winter, and not sufficient
whilst in full growth. | Most Orchids require rest, and their resting season

14 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JAN.-FEB., 1920.

must be observed, but they should not be dried to such an extent that the
roots or foliage suffer.

Compost.—A supply of the various potting materials used should be
kept in stock, and stored so that they may be in the desired condition when
required, neither too wet nor too dry. The different fibres may be
prepared ready for use, so that when the busy season is upon us, we may
dispose of the time at our disposal to the best advantage. If the different
plants are not repottéd at their proper seasons they get an unnecessary
check, which may prove harmful. Speaking of composts, I would advise
that drastic changes should not be made without deep consideration, as not
only has the plant to take hold of the material, but the watering may be
quite different. A continual change of rooting material is a source of
trouble and much anxiety.

- DENpROBIUMS of the deciduous section will now be in an advanced
stage, and swelling up their flowering nodes quickly. Where good growth
was obtained last year, and afterwards properly ripened, an abundant supply
of flowers may be anticipated. On no account force them forward too

quickly, as the majority of late winter and spring-flowering varieties develop _

much better and finer if brought along in a temperature of about 60°, giving
sufficient water at the roots and in the atmosphere to keep the stems plump.
Light and sun heat is a great aid in the development of the flowers of this
large genus. It is yet early to attempt much-repotting, but any seedlings or
other plants which have started into growth may be done. I recommend
a compost of equal portions of At fibre and clean sphagnum moss.
CypRIPEDIUMS of the insigne section, also the many hybrids which
produce their flowers at the same season, having now passed out of bloom,
may receive attention as regards repotting should it be necessary. A
suitable compost consists of equal parts of peat fibre, Ar fibre, and
sphagnum moss, with some clean loam fibre added. To my mind, the
latter can easily be overdone, especially if of a heavy nature, and therefore
I recommend its use in reduced proportions. The pots must be well
drained, and the new material kept on the dry side until the new roots have
entered the material freely. These plants can be taken in hand as soon as
their flowers are cut or faded, and after repotting they may be thoroughly
cleaned and placed in their growing quarters, where, under the proper
conditions, they should thrive until their flowers appear in the autumn.
CaTTLEYAS.—These, for cultural purposes, may include all plants in
which Cattleya enters into the parentage, now a very large and diversified
group. Both the species and the hybrids have a certain individuality ot
their own, some prodvcing thick fleshy roots, and others thin ones, and
these matters affect their treatment. What would be a proper sized
receptacle for strong rooting varieties, would be much too large for those

:

JAN.-FEB., 1920. | THE ORCHID REVIEW. 15

which produce thin roots, and are delicate growers. The Brassocattleyas, .
and the numerous Cattleya Dowiana hybrids are examples of the thin-
rooting section, but there are many others. Plants which produced flowers
during the late autumn and winter months may have fresh material-
afforded them, as soon as new roots are observed to be pushing from the
base of the last made pseudobulb. The majority of these plants produce
new roots twice a year, and may be repotted at either season, but
preferably in the spring. A clean open material, made up of equal
portions of peat, Ar and osmunda fibre, and sphagnum moss, answers
their requirements, and the plants should be potted firmly. The later-
flowering varieties may be done when their flowering period has passed.

L#@LIA ANCEPS and its varieties are now flowering freely, and make a
most attractive display, and coming when Cattleyas are somewhat scarce,
are most useful and acceptable. After flowering, the plants should be kept
moderately dry until new roots are observed to be pushing from the
rhizome, when any necessary repotting may be undertaken. Coarse
osmunda fibre makes a suitable compost, which should be thoroughly
cleaned and placed in the receptacles quite firmly. Before being repotted,
the plants should be thoroughly cleaned.

ODONTOGLOssuUMs will now be in all stages of growth; some just
starting, others in full growth, whilst some are pushing up their flower
spikes. The latter should be carefully and neatly staked as they attain
sufficient length. Flowering plants are best placed by themselves, so that
they can be examined from time to time for the presence of slugs, which
devour the spikes and do irreparable harm. Small or weakly plants should
have their spikes removed as soon as they are observed, as the production
of flowers may mean the death of the plant. Should any plant be in need
of fresh material, and its new growth in the desired condition, namely
some few inches in height and about to push roots, it may be repotted.
A compost of equal portions of peat and Ar fibre and sphagnum moss, to
which some broken leaves may be added, will answer their requirements.
Newly potted plants at this season must be watered with extreme care.

CyMBIDIUMS, both species and hybrids, should have attention at the
roots as soon as their flowers are over, should they be in need of it. As
they resent root disturbance, this operation should only be performed when
the compost becomes exhausted. A compost in which fibrous loam, of a
lasting nature, is the main constituent, answers their requirements. The
material should be made moderately firm, and water applied with care for
some considerable time after repotting. _

ONCIDIUMs thrive in a similar compost to Odontoglossums, and as they
resent a sour, decayed compost, any that are in need of new material may
have attention. The smaller kinds are best grown in shallow pans,

oe THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Jan.-Fep., 1920.

suspended from the roof, whilst the larger growers are more easily
accommodated in pots on the stages. Most Oncidiums enjoy the
temperature of the Intermediate house; but such species as O. Papilio,

Kramerianum, Lanceanum, guttatum, and Cavendishianum do best in the

Warm house.
ZYGOPETALUMS, as they pass out of bloom, may be repotted, should the
compost be in adecomposed condition. The strong growing Z. Mackayi

may have a compost of a substantial nature to root in. Fibrous loam,

osmunda fibre, and sphagnum moss in equal proportions, cut up according
to the size of the plants, and well mixed together, forms a suitable compost.

GENERAL RemarKS.—As dirty plants cannot thrive, and owing to the
recent shortage of labour and other difficulties, cleanliness has not been so
strictly observed as formerly, every effort should be made, before the busy
season is upon us, to eradicate all those parasites which infest and suck out
the life blood of our cake ar

EULOPHIA MEGISTOPHYLLA, - Rehb. £—This interesting Comoro Island
Orchid has just: flowered with Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards
Heath. The species was introduced by the late M. Louis Humblot, and
described by Reichenbach in 1885 (Gard. Chron., 1885, i. p. 787), probably
from dried materials, though a plant afterwards flowered at the Jardin des
Plantes, Paris, when a figure appeared (Rev. Hort., 1887, p. 87, fig. 21).
Reichenbach remarked that the species had probably the largest leaves in
the whole affinity, though, as usual, he left us to guess what the dimensions
may have been. Fortunately, however, there is a native leaf preserved at
Kew, collected by M. Humblot himself, and this in the dried state measures
18 inches long by 7 inches broad. This leaf constitutes the entire specimen,
but Messrs. Charlesworth have kindly spared the inflorescence and a
smaller leaf for preservation at Kew. The inflorescence, which appeared at
Paris, had three side branches ; the present one has only a small side branch,
bearing two flowers, while some three dozen others are borne by the main
raceme, which is about teninches long. The leaf of Messrs. Charlesworth’s
plant is considerably smaller than the wild one, which suggests that the
plant is not yet fully developed. The origin of the present plant is not
known, but the flowers are indistinguishable from those represented in the
figure cited, so that the identity of the two may be assumed. The flowers
are straw yellow, with four purple lines and a few streaks on the petals, and
more numerous radiating ones on the side lobes of the lip, the front lobe of
which is deeply bilobed, with a very short, recurved apex. The spur is
green, very obtuse, and broader than long. The affinity of the species is
with the West African E. Saundersiana, Rchb. f. and the Mascarene E.
pulchra, Lind!.—R.A.R.

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JAN.-FEB., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 17

\&| PHALAENOPSIS AMABILIS. &

HE enormous advance that has been made in cool Orchid growing
during the last decade has pushed what are termed East Indian
Orchids rather into the background ; but what could be more beautiful than

a house of Phalznopsis amabilis in bloom, as in the annexed photograph,
showing this beautiful Malayan Moth Orchid in the establishment of Messrs.
Charlesworth & Co., at Haywards Heath. The plants indeed were a mass
of bloom, and the pure white colour, relieved by a little deep yellow on the
lip, gives an effect which can scarcely be rivalled in any other group ; indeed

18 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Jan.-FEB, 1920.

‘we cannot recall anything quite comparable with it. The species is found
in Java, Borneo, and several other Malayan Islands, and has been known to
science for about 170 years, having been described and figured by the Dutch
botanist, Rumphius, as long ago as 1750, in the island of Amboina, under the
name of Angrecum album majus. Howit successively became Epidendrum
amabile, Cymbidium amabile, Phalenopsis amabilis, P. grandiflora, and
ultimately P. Rimestadiana, has already been told, and reads something’
like a comedy. It appears to have first flowered in cultivation in September,
1850, in the collection of J. H. Schréder, Esq., of Stratford Green, when it
received a Silver Banksian Medal from the Royal Horticultural Society.
Under suitable, Warm House, treatment it is one of the most beautiful
‘Orchids in cultivation. We have seen an albino of the species, in which
there are no traces of purple on the lip, and the scape is pure green, without
any brown colour.

CYMBIDIUMS FROM BrisToL.—A series of hybrid Cymbidiums has been
sent from the collection of G. Hamilton Smith, Esq., Northside, Leigh
Woods, Bristol, by Mr. W. E. Walker, which illustrates the improvements
that are being effected by the use of the handsome Annam species, C.
insigne, as a parent, and also the value of the hybrids as winter-blooming
plants. C. Alexanderi (Veitchii x insigne), is represented by four beautiful
flowers, one having blush-white sepals and petals, and the lip covered with
the characteristic insigne crimson lines and spots. In McBean’s variety,
the sepals and petals are nearly white, and_ the red, confluent dotting is
confined to the front half of the lip. A still finer form is quite similar in
the markings, but the flower is tinged with blush, and there is a light
yellow tinge on the side lobes of the lip. The fourth is a richly-coloured
example of the var. roseum, with rose-coloured sepals and petals, ani
crimson markings on the front lobe of the lip and apex of the side lobes, the
disc being unspotted. Forms of C. Gottianum (eburneum X insigne) and
C. Schlegelii (insigne x Wiganianum) bear a general resemblance to each .
other, being blush-pink, with copious crimson markings on the lip, though
the latter is superior, both in shape and colour. C. Sybil (eburneum X ~
Pauwelsii) is a charming white, unspotted form, with light yellow keels, —
and C. Castor var.aureum (Woodhamsianum insigne) has light yellow
sepals and petals, with a flush of pink on the margins, and red spotting on
the front of the lip. Lastly, we have C. Corona (Lowianum X Schlegelii),
the green sepals and petals having a brownish suffusion up the centre,
while the front of the lip has a zone of rich red-brown in front, and a
central line, which characters recall C. Lowianum. Mr. Hamilton Smith ©
specialises in Cymbidiums, and has a fine collection, including many of the

tare species.

;

JAN.-FEB,, I920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 19

ee | SOCIETIES. | 3

os ———

RoyaL HorTICULTURAL.
HE usual fortnightly meeting was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall,
Vincent Square, Westminster, on November 4th, 1919, when there
was a good display of Orchids, and the awardsconsisted of four Medals and
four Awards of Merit.

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman,Bart. (in the Chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), E. R. Ashton, W. J. Kaye, J. Charlesworth, A.
McBean, Pantia Ralli,S. W. Flory, R. Brooman White, C. J. Lucas, J.
Wilson Potter, Arthur Dye, F. J. Hanbury, and R. A.Rolfe.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

CATTLEYA ENID ALBA FAatRY QUEEN (Mossize Reineckeana X Wars-
cewiczii Frau Melanie Beyrodt).—A charming variety, with broad, pure
white sepalsand petals, and the front of the lip veined with bright purple,
the disc bearing some yellow lines. Exhibited by J. Joicey, Esq., The
Hill, Witley (gr. Mr. J. Mackay).

CaTTLEYA Lapy Leon (Portia X Mrs. Pitt)—A bright and attractive
hybrid, bearing a spike of four magenta-rose flowers with a chrome yellow
disc to the lip. Exhibited by Sir Herbert Leon, Bart., Bletchley Park, ~
Bucks (gr. Mr. W. W. Field). ;

L2LIOCATTLEYA HONORIA ORCHIDHURST VAR. (C. Mantinii nobilor xX
Le. Geo. Woodhams).—A large and brilliantly-coloured variety, having
bright mauve-purple sepals and petals, a rich purple-crimson lip, with

bright yellow veining on the disc, and an ivory white column. Exhibited

by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM JoIceYI.—A large and beautiful white form,
with very broad, fringed petals, and the lip with a large chestnut-red
blotch in front of the yellow crest, and some purple lines on each side.
Exhibited by J. Joicey, Esq.

GENERAL EXHIBITS.

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. Collier), sent examples
of blue-tinted Cattleyas, including C. Portia coerulea, C. Ariel coerulea, and
C. Bowringiana lilacina, with examples of the yellow Spathoglottis
Fortunei and zebrina.

T. D. Wren, Esq., The Poplars, Northampton (gr. Mr. Walker), sent
two well-bloomed plants of Cypripedium Ellerdale Wren’s var. (bingleyense
X insigne Harefield Hall var.), a well-coloured form.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, received a Silver-gilt
Flora Medal for an excellent group, in which we noticed some fine, blotched

20 THE (ORCHID “REVIEW... [JAN.-FEB., 1920.

Odontoglossums, good examples of the xanthotes group, O. Phillipsianum
aureum (eximium X luteopurpureum Vuylstekeanum), Odontioda Vuyl-
stekez, and several others, Oncidioda Marjorie, two good Vanda ccerulea,
the brilliant Sophrocattleya Doris, some excellent Cattleyas and Lelio-
cattleyas, Epidendrum vitellinum autumnale, a few good Cypripediums, and
numerous Others.

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, received a Silver Flora Medal
fora fine group, including examples of Vanda coerulea, three charming
Sophrocattleyas, Cattleya Eira (Thurgoodiana x labiata), with purplish
mauve sepals and petals, and a rich purple lip, Leliocattleya Valda (Lc.
Black Prince X C. General Pau), a fine thing, rosy lilac with some purple
~ veining on the front lobe of the lip, and other good Cattleyas, es
Brassocattleyas, Oncidiums and Odontoglossums.

Messes. Flory & Black, Slough, received a Silver Banksian Medal for a
small group of blotched Odontoglossums, Sophrocattleya Venus (Sc.. Doris
x C. Venus), a fine dark scarlet flower, Cattleya Peter (Petersii x- labiata),
a fine hybrid of the labiata group, C. CEnone alba, Leliocattleya Merlin
(C. labiata x Lc. Lucasiana), another fine thing, and several other good
Cattleyas, Lzliocattleyas, and Brassocattleyas.

Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, received a Silver Flora Medal fora small
group, including several good Cattleya Fabia, Water’s var. being very richly
coloured, Lzliocattleya Honoria, Lc. Geo. Woodhams, and others, with a
few Cypripediums.

Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent Soph mtetinia Thyone (Bc.
Leemaniz X Lc. Thyone), with yellow sepals and petals, aad a rose-purple
lip, a well bloomed example of Sophrocattleya Faboris, and Leliocattleya
Soulange.

At a meeting held on November 18th the exhibits were fewer in number,
and the awards consisted of two Me dals, one First-class Certificate, and one
Award of Merit.

Orchid Committee present : Sir joss Colman, Bart. (in the Chair),

J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, Arthur Dye, R. Brooman White, Sir —

Harry J. Veitch, S. W. Flory, W. J. Kaye, R. A. Rolfe, G. Wilson, Stuart
H. Low, R. G. Thwaites, Pantia Ralli, E. R. Ashton, F. J. Hanbury,
_ A. McBean, J. Charlesworth, Walter Cobb, and J. E. Shill.

First-CLass CERTIFICATE. —

L#LIOCATTLEYA SCHRG:DER#& MAGNIFICA ( Lc. bella alba xX C. Maggie

Raphael alba):—A very beautiful variety, having broad pure white sepals.

and petals, and a rich violet-purple lip, with a bright yellow disc, and some
purple at the base. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell,
: a aie ie Mr. J. oe Pell).

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JAN.-FEB., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 21

AWARD OF MERIT.

CyPRIPEDIUM DixMuDE (Leeanum xX Thalia).—A very fine hybrid of
excellent shape, the ample dorsal being white, with rows of clear purple
spots, and a small green base, the petals and lip mahogany red with yellow
margin. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder.

GENERAL EXxuIsIiTs. .

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. J. Collier), sent
examples of the blue-tinted Cattleya Ariel coerulea, C. Alcimeda ccerulea,
and C. Portia coerulea, the latter with a six-flowered inflorescence.

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Gover), sent
Cattleya Snowflake, Odontioda Livinia (Odm. amabile x Oda. Thwaitesii),
a promising thing, having a large chocolate-purple flower, with rose-purple
markings on the lip, and O. Saturn (Odm. Argon (Edwardii xX amabile) x
Oda. Sanderze), with chocolate-purple flowers and a yellow crest to the lip.

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, received a Silver Flora Medal
for a fine group, including good examples of Brassocattleya Maronize and
Leemaniz, Odontoglossum eximium xanthotes, the violet-blue Dendrobium
Victoria Regina, the rare Lelia Perrinii nivea, Leliocattleya Pathfinder
(C. Hardyana X Lc. eximia), with three fine flowers, Lc. luminosa aurea,
a fine Sophrocattleya Blackii' with four flowers, Cattleya Snowdon (Suzanne
Hye X labiata alba), Maxillaria rufescens, and others.

Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, received a Silver Flora Medal
for a good group, including eight plants of the variable and beautiful
Leliocattleya Linda (Lc. Arachne & C. Dowiana aurea), Odontocidium
Nanette (Oncidium incurvum x Odm. Harryanum), Oncidioda Cora (C.
Neetzliana X Oncidium Schlimii), Odontoglossum triumphosum, Oncidium
incurvum album, Cymbidiums and Cypripediums, the latter including a
good yellow insigne derived from the varieties Sandere and Laura Kimball.

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, showed a fine Brassocattleya Nestor, Be..
Gen. Diaz, Bc. Juliet var. Witchery (Bc. Leemaniz x C. chocoensis alba),
white with a light yellow disc to the lip, and Sophrocatlelia Eros (Lc.
elegans X S. grandiflora), with bright scarlet flowers.

The last meeting of the year, held on December 2nd, brought together
a good display of Orchids, and the awards consisted of six Medals (one of
them to a fine group of paintings), one First-class Certificate, and two
Awards of Merit.

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the Chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, R. Brooman White, C. JiLuenas, H. G.
Alexander, F. K. Sander, J.-E. Shill, W. H. Hatcher, S. W. Flory,
C. H. Curtis, J. Cypher, A. McBean, Pantia Ralli, W. J. Kaye, Stuart
H. Low, R. A. Rolfe, F. J. Hanbury, and Sir Harry J. Veitch.

22 THE ORCHID. ‘REVIEW. [JAN.-FEB., 1920.

First-Ciass CERTIFICATE.

L#LIOCATTLEYA BELLATRIX (C. Fabia alba xX Lec. bella alba).—A very
charming variety, with broad white sepals and petals of excellent shape and
_ substance, and the lip deep violet-purple with some yellow veining in the
throat. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green
(gr. Mr. J. E. Shill).

AWARDS OF MERIT.

BRASSOCATTLEYA BENVENUTO (C. Maggie Raphael alba X Bc. Ilene).—
A promising hybrid, having white sepals and petals, and a pale lilac lip with
some light yellow in the throat. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder.

OpontocLossum Asion (Solon X Aquitania).—A handsome hybrid, with
very round flowers of excellent substance, the inner two-thirds of the
segments rich claret-red, and the apex and margins white. Exhibited by
W. R. Fasey, Esq., The Oaks, Holly Bush Hill, Snaresbrook (gr. Mr.
E. J. Seymour). :

GENERAL EXuIbiTs.

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. J. Collier),
staged a charming little group of blue-tinted Cattleyas, including C.
Ariel (Gaskelliana coerulea X Bowringiana violacea), several well-flowered
C. Portia coerulea, tastefully arranged with white Odontoglossum crispum,

Calanthe Harrisii, a good Celogyne barbata, and maiden-hair ferns, a

Silver Flora Medal being awarded.

The Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock (gr. Mr. I. T. =

Barker), sent Brassocattleya speciosa var. Hon. Mary Cadogan (Bc. —
Maronii X C. Schroeder alba), a charming pale primrose flower, with a —

yellow disc to the lip and some purple markings behind.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, received a Silver Flora

Medal for a fine group, including a good series of blotched Odontoglossums,
among them O. Carola (Harryano-triumphans X Scottianum), a fine yellow
hybrid, heavily blotched with chocolate-purple, several brilliant Odontiodas,
Leliocattleya luminosa aurea, Lc. Athene (callistoglossa x St. Gothard),
Brassocattleya Sofrano (Bc. Leemanie X C. iridescens), Odontonia
Langowoyi, Cypripedium Thias (Desdemona X Beeckmanii), a promising
hybrid, and numerous other good things.

Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, received a Silver Flora Medal
for an excellent group of Cypripediums, including several forms of C.
Oberon, while C. Verdun, Goliath, Madame Fevrier, Shogun, King of the
Belgians, and C. Muriel Hollington (insigne X niveum) were also
‘noteworthy.

| a
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, received a Silver Flora Medal

for a fine group, including several good forms of Laliocattleya Linda,
Cattleya Annette, C. Bellona alba, several good Cymbidiums, noteworthy

spn

Jan.-FEB., 1920. ] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 23

among them being C. Doris majestica with a spike of eighteen flowers,
winter-blooming Cypripediums, and others.

Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, received a Silver Banksian Medal for an
interesting and varied group, containing a fine plant of Ccelogyne barbata,
Arachnanthe Cathcartii, the rare and pretty Vanda luzonica, Cattleya
Maggie Raphael, Odontoglossum Columbia (Magali Sander X splendidum),
Cypripedium Elfin (Moonbeam X insigne Sanderianam), yellow with some
spots on the dorsal sepal, C. Peacock (Baron Schréder X Hera), and
several others.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, showed Cypripedium Tracy-
anum var. Purity, a light-coloured form, with a large white area on the
dorsal sepal.

Miss M. Waters Anson, Blyth Villa, Parkstone, Dorset, was awarded
a Silver-gilt Flora Medal for a beautiful series of paintings of certificated
Orchids from the collections of Sir George Holford and Pantia Ralli, Esq.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.

At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on November
5th, 1919, the members of Committee present were: R. Ashworth, Esq. (in
the Chair), Messrs. A. Burns, A. Coningsby, D. A. Cowan, J. Cypher,
J. Evans, J. Howes, A. J. Keeling, D. McLeod, Dr. Paul: B.. W.
Thompson, J. Thrower, and H. Arthur (Secretary). .

Frrst-CLass CERTIFICATE.
Lelia pumila alba Haddon House var., from P. Smith, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.

Lzliocattleya Honoria var. The Shah, Cattleya Mrs. Pitt var. The Pearl,
and Dendrobium superbiens, from Capt. W. Horridge.

Cattleya Pittportia var. Lady Leon, from Sir H. Leon, Bart.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES.

To Mr. A. Coningsby, for Dendrobium Goldiei and D. superbiens.

To Mr. A. Burns, for Pleione przcox.

To Mr. J. Howes, for Brassocattleya Penelope.

First-CLass BoTaNICAL CERTIFICATE.

Dendrobium Goldiei and Oncidium bracteatum, from Capt. W.
Horridge.

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley,
Bury (gr. Mr. A. Burns), for a fine representative group, containing
Cypripediums in variety, Coelogyne Mooreana, and various other showy
Orchids of the season.

A Silver Medal was awarded to Capt. W. Horridge, Bury (gr. Mr.
Coningsby), for a group of choice Cypripediums, Cattleyas, Dendrobium
Phalznopsis Statterianum, and various other good things.

24 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JAN.-FEB., 1920.

A Silver Medal was awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr.
Mr. J. Howes), for the handsome Brassocattleya Penelope, which had
already received a First-class Certificate.

Interesting exhibits also came from Sir Herbert Leon, Bart., Bletchley
Park, Bucks. (gr. Mr. W. W. Field), and P.. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-
Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson), several of which are represented in
the List of Awards.

At the meeting held on November 2oth, the members of Committee
present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. A. Burns, A.
Coningsby, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, D. McLeod, A. Keeling,
Dr. F. T. Paul, E. Tack, E. W. Thompson, J. Thrower, and H. Arthur
(Secretary).

First-CLAss CERTIFICATES.

Cattleya Albion var. formosa (Suzanne Hye X O’'Brieniana alba),
Cypripedium Samuel Gratrix (Germaine Opoix X Royal George), and C.
Royal Oak (Dreadnought x Reginald Young), from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Lycaste Imschootiana var. Chorltonti, from Mrs. Gratrix.

Odontioda Carola (Odm. L’Empereur X Oda. Diana), a fine thing,
from P. Smith, Esq.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Cattleya Dragon and C. labiata var. Enchantress, from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Cypripedium Hestia (Cyclops x Lady Dillon), from Mrs. W. R. Lee.

Odontoglossum Persephone Haddon House var. (Adrianz X Pescatorei),
from P. Smith, Esq.

Cypripedium Charlesworthii Sir Cloudeslee var., from Dr. F. T. Paul.

First-CLass AWARD OF APPRECIATION.

Cypripedium Charmion (Rd. Ashworth x Alcibiades Illustrious) from
Mrs. W. K. Lee.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.

Ts Mr. J. Howes for Leliocattleya luminosa var. oe Amelia Gratrix.

Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley,
Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. A. Burns), and to 5S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley
Range (gr. Mr. J. Howes), for very fine groups of choice Cypripediums,
with a few other things.

A Silver Medal was awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham,
for a fine choice group of Cypripediums, Odontioda Charlesworthii, Dendro-
chilum Cobbianum, Zygopetalum Ballii, and others.

A Silver Medal was also awarded to the handsome Cypripedium Samuel
Gratrix, which appears in the list of First Class Certificates.

Interesting exhibits were also staged by Mrs. Gratrix, Whalley Range

(gr. Mr. _ ; Mew. W. -R. Lee, Heywood (gr. Mr. C. Branch);

Jan.-FEB., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 25

Dr. F. T. Paul, Caddy, Cheshire; P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on- Mersey (gr.
Mr. E. W. Thompson); Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, and Mr.
D. McLeod, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, several of which figure in the above list
of Awards.

The Secretary regrets to report the death of John Hartley, Esq., of
Morley, near Leeds, a Se eee new but enthusiastic member of the
Society.

At the meeting held on December 4th, the members of the Committee
present were: The Rey. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R.
Ashworth, A. Burns, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans,
J. Howes, A. Keeling, D. McLeod, F. K. Sander, W. Shackleton, E. W.
Thompson, and H. Arthur (Secretary).

First-CLass CERTIFICATES.

Cypripedium Victor Hugo var. King John (Becktonize x Lathamianum),
from B. J. Beckton, Esq.

Brassocattleya Enchantress (Bc. Digbyano-Mendelii x C. Fabia), from
S. Gratrix, Esq.

Odontoglossum Col. Leith, Haddon House var. (Rossii majus xX
Seon from P. Smith, Esq.

AWARDS OF MERIT.
Vanda coerulea var. Bluebeard and Cypripedium Moonbeam var. W. G.

Groves, from Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley.

Cypripedium Cyclops var. Renown, from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Leliocattleya Ettrick, Bletchley Park var., from Sir H. Leon, Bart.

Cypripedium Frenchay (Lawrebel X bellatulum), from A. J. Keeling &
Sons.

FIRST-CLASS Awarps OF APPRECIATION.
Cypripedium Angela (niveum X Farrieanum), from B. J. Beckton, Esq.
Brassocattleya Princess Mary var. exquisita, from S. Gratrix, Esq.
First-CLass BoTANICAL CERTIFICATE.
Catasetum viridiflavum, from Sir. H. Leon, Bart.
CULTURAL CERTIFICATES:

To Mr. A. Burns, for Vanda ccerulea and Platyclinis uncata..

Large Silver Medals were awarded to Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley,
Bury (gr. Mr. A. Burns), for a fine group of Vanda ccerulea and choice
Cypripediums, and to Sir Herbert Leon, Bart., Bletchley Park, Bucks. (gr.
Mr. W. W. Field), for a fine general group.

A Silver Medal was awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham,
for a fine group of Cypripediums, with Epidendrum vitellinum autumnale:
Masdevallia tovarensis and bockingensis, and a few good Odontoglossums,

26 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JAN.-FEB., 1920.

S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. J. Howes); B. J. Beckton,
Esq., Irlam-o’th-Height (gr. Mr. W. A. Stewart); P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-
on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson) ; Miss Hartley, Morley; Messrs. A.
J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford; and Messrs. J. Cowan & Co., Garston, also
staged a number of interesting exhibits, several of which appear in the
above List of Awards.

At the meeting held on December 13th, the Members of the Committee
present were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R.

Ashworth, A. Burns, A. Coningsby, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher,.

J. Howes, A. Keeling, D. McLeod, Dr. F. T. Paul, E. Tack, E. Aue
Thompson, and H. Arthur (Secretary).
FirsT-CLass CERTIFICATES.

Cypripedium Our Prince (Tommy Curte xX Goliath), Odontoglossum
crispum Yuletide, and Cattleya Moira alba, from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Cypripedium Cyril Lee (Thisbe x Idina), from Mrs. W. R. Lee.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Cypripedium nanum var. W. A. Stewart, C. Christopher var. Presigne,
Calanthe Papilio and C. burfordensis, from B. J. Beckton, Esq.

Cypripedium Draco Lee’s var., from Mrs. W. R. Lee.

Cattleya Fabia atropurpurea, and Cypripedium chrysotoxum striatum,
from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Cypripedium Orva (King George X Germaine Opoix), and C. Sanacteus
var. Golden Dawn, from P. Smith, Esq.

Cypripedium Tigris (Earl Tankerville x Mrs. Mostyn), from ses
Keeling & Sons.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES.

To Mr. A. Burns, for Vanda ccerulea, Cypripedium Alcibiades superbum,

C. Leeanum Chardwar var., and C. Madame Jules Hye.
' To Mr. W. A. Stewart, for Calanthe Wm. Murray, and C. Bryan vars.,

superba and punctulata.

A Gold Medal was awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq. (gr. Mr. J. Howes) for
a splendid group of Cypripediums, with a few good Odontoglossums,
Odontiodas, Cattleyas, and Brassocattleya Ivernia.

Silver Medals were awarded to Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley (gr. Mr.
A. Burns); B. J. Beckton, Esq., Irlam-o’th-Height (gr. Mr. W. A.
Stewart) ; and Capt. W. Horridge, Bury (gr. Mr. A. Coningsby), for fine
groups of winter-flowering Orchids, in all of which Cypripediums were well
represented, while Mr. Beckton’s group contained a series of beautiful
Calanthes.
A Silver Medal and Special Vote of Thanks were awarded to Messrs.
_ Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for a beautiful collection of cut Cypripediums,

Pannen

Jan.-FEB., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 27

artistically arranged in moss, and giving a very pleasing effect. The group
contained the leading varieties of the winter-blooming section.

Interesting exhibits were also contributed by Mrs. W. R. Lee, Heywood
(gr. Mr. C. Branch); P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W.
Thompson); R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Hough); Messrs. A.
J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford; and Mr. D. McLeod, Chorlton-cum-Hardy,
several of them being included in the above List of Awards.

URING the meeting of the British Association at Bournemouth in
September last we had the pleasure of seeing the rare bog Orchid,
Malaxis paludosa, alive, plants having been found in a locality where it>
fortunately, still flourishes. Probably the smallest of British Orchids, it is
an inconspicuous plant, and this quality is likely to secure its preservation,
at least while the general conditions of the locality remain undisturbed.
No one would pick it as a decorative plant; few would even notice it
unless they were im search of it, for it bears just a slender spike, some three
to six inches high, with small, pale green flowers, and two or three small
leaves at the base, yet the latter constitute one of its most remarkable
features. Sir James E. Smith spoke of the leaves as roughish about the
extremity, often somewhat fringed, so that this plant may perhaps have
given rise to the report of a hairy-leaved Orchis (Engl. Fl., iv. p. 48). The
significance of this fringed appearance of the leaves was explained by the
Rev. J. S. Henslow as long ago as 1829 (Lond. Mag. Nat. Hist., i. pp. 441,
2, fig. 197), and the figure shows well the character described.

“This plant,” he remarks, ‘‘ occurs in great plenty in the bogs on
Gamlingay Heath, Cambridgeshire, where I had an opportunity of
examining it a few days ago, and ascertained the cause of the fringed
appearance of the leaf alluded to by Smith. Every specimenI gathered
exhibited this in a greater or less degree, and it required only the assistance
of a common lens to show me that it was occasioned by the numerous little
bulbous germs, sprouting from the edge, and towards the apex of the leaf.
They were of the same colour as the leaves, green on those which were
more exposed to the light, and quite white on those which were lowest on
the stem, and half buried in peat and moss. Some of these germs were so
far advanced as to have put forth the rudiments of two or three leaves,
others less so. These plants often occur in little clusters of half a dozen or
more close together, which may be accounted for by several of the germs
arriving at perfection, whilst the rest perish. Otherwise, so far as I have
observed, the plant is generally continued by a single offset, and three or

© MALAXIS PALUDOSA: IN HAMPSHIRE.

28 1HE (ORCHID. REVIEW. [JAN.-FEB., 1920.

four of the old decayed bulbs may be found, one below the other among the
peat, and still attached to the living stem.”

The character described was well shown in the plants found near
Bournemouth, and is quite obviously a common method of propagation by
the species. Should anyone care to grow such an interesting plant it would
probably suffice to obtain a clump of living sphagnum and keep it always in
a healthy growing condition, for Babington remarks that it grows rather as
an epiphyte upon the moss than merely amongst it.

, SACCOLABIUM MINIATUM. Gy

SPIKE and leaf of a Saccolabium from the Philippines has been sent

by our old friend Mr. G. I’Anson, formerly with Messrs. Hugh Low &

Co., now gardener to Mr. A. C. Burrage, Boston, U.S.A. Mr. I’Anson
remarks that the plant is very free-flowering, and its buff-yellow flowers
somewhat recall S. curvifolium. It agrees with S. miniatum, Lindl., an
imperfectly known species, as may be seen by a previous note (O.R., iv. p.
178). Since then a good deal of material has come to hand. Two different
specimens of a Saccolabium collected in the island of Luzon by Mr. A.
Loher, were sent to Kew, one of them being accompanied by a sketch, and
these proved to be S. miniatum. Then came another collected by Mr.
E. B. Copeland on rocky cliffs at Malog, in the Davao district of the island
of Mindanao. This fully confirms the Philippine habitat which was
originally ascribed to the variety citrinum, Rchb. f., though it was at first
considered doubtful. Lindley’s original habitat, Java, has also been
questioned, but is now confirmed, for there are now records of its occurrence
there in three different stations (J. J. Smith, Orch. Jav., p. 646). It has also
been found in several stations in the Malay Peninsula (Ridl. Fl. Mal.
Penins. i. p. 170), and there are specimens at Kew from the Langkawi Islands,
off the West Coast, and from the provinces of Perlis and Setul. An
extension of its distribution to Siam is also mentioned. These facts show
how widely the species must be diffused, and how imperfect has been our
knowledge. It is a beautiful little plant when well grown, and there are
two pictures by Mr. Day (Orch. Draw., xxii. t. 83, and xlv. t. 3), the dates
being October, 1877, and April, 1885. Mr. Day specially records it as a
rare plant, which he first obtained from Messrs. Rollisson, in 1858, and
afterwards he bought another from Messrs. Veitch. Mr. Day also painted
the variety citrinum, in August, 1885 (Orch. Draw., xlv. t. 79), the plant
having been purchased from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., a few days earlier.
In no case did Mr. Day obtain the habitat. As regards this variety,
Reichenbach recorded that he first. obtained it in December, 1867, from

JAn.-FeB, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 29,

Mr. Wentworth Buller, with the record that it came from the Philippines.
Of this Reichenbach records that he was sceptical at the time, but after-
wards regarded it as correct, which is probably a tribute to his knowledge
that Roebelen, whose dried specimen had been forwarded to him by
M. Kienast Zolly, of Zurich, had been collecting in the Philippines; for the
fact is not stated. Unless accompanied by some memo. as to colour, the
evidence that the dried specimen belonged to var. citrinum is not complete.
The latter we regard as simply a colour variation, and in any case Mr-
Ridley also records it from the Malay Peninsula. It is interesting to be
able to add so much to the history of this pretty little species, which has
become very rare in cultivation. R.A.R.

a

WO forms of this attractive winter-blooming Pleione have long been
known in cultivation, one having purple markings, the other brown
markings on the lip. Both are again in bloom in the collection of H. J.
Elwes, Esq., Colesborne Park, Glos., and the question has again been
raised what is their relation to each other. As long ago as 1895 we
received flowers from the same source, and suggested that the brown colour,
of what was known as var. tricolor, resulted from an admixture of yellow
with the purple (O.R., iv. p. 66). This variety was described in 1880 by
Reichenbach (Gard. Chron., 1880, i. p. 394), from materials sent by Mr.
Wm. Bull, Chelsea, and was afterwards figured (Orch. Alb., iii. t. 102). Its
origin was not stated, but we have now been able to trace it. It was
figured in April, 1883, by Mr. John Day (Orch. Draw., xxxii. t. 89), when
Mr. Day, ‘inalluding to its supposed appearance in 1880, remarked: “ I
might have sent him flowers some years sooner, for I had it in bloom
here iu 1874. I saw it growing on trees near Darjeeling, at 10,o00ft.
altitude, in flower in February, with snow lying about in places.
near it, and sent home some bulbs by post.” This may represent the
source of Mr. Bull’s plant, for we know that he was in constant touch with
Mr. Day. The latter had, in January, 1867, figured what has been regarded as.
typical P. humilis (Orch. Draw., xi. t. 67), the lines on the lip in this. case
being clear purple, without trace of yellow, and of this Mr. Day remarked =
“ Received from Mr. Wentworth Buller, in 1865; imported by him from
Assam.”’ Of this, curiously enough, we can only find a second unpublished
drawing, namely, one from Mrs. Ross, of Florence. The others have brown
markings on the lip, as in the so-called var. tricolor, which is actually the
typical form. The species was originally described and figured in 1805,
under the name of Epidendrum humile, Smith (Exot. Bot., ii. t. 98), from.

= PLEIONE HUMILIS AND ITS VARIETIES.

3° THE -ORCHID REVIEW. _ [JaAn.-FEs., 1920.

Upper Nepal. This figure shows brown markings on the lip, as also do
Bot. Mag., t. 5674, Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. t. 51, King & Pantl. Orch. Sikkim, t.
123, and an original drawing from Wallich. The one with pure purple
markings on the lip is the more beautiful, and as it is without aname we

suggest that of P. humilis var. pulchella. There is one other variety, called”

var. albata, Rchb. f. (Gard. Chron., 1888, i. p. 392), which is said to have
two orange blotches on the lip, though the veins are light mauve purple.
The species is rather widely diffused, occuring in Nepal, Sikkim, Bhotan,
Khasia, Manipur, and Burma. Its history has already been given (O.R.,
_Xi. p. 291), also that of a curious abnormal form having a tuft of hair-like
appendages at the apex of the pseudobulb, which replaces the leaf (xxv. p. 4).
Concerning the latter, we have since found that Wallich’s original drawing
shows two of these curious developments, in addition to three normal
flowers. This removes the last element of doubt as to the species which
produces them. According to King and Pantling, Pleione humilis is known

t» the European inhabitants of Darjeeling as Himalayan Crocus.
R.A.R.

Eee] ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. | excess

HE Royal Horticultural Society completes its programme for the
Session with meetings on January 13th and 27th. The dates of the
February meetings are the roth and 24th. They are held at the Royal
Horticultural Hall, Westminster, and the Orchid Committee meets at
11.45 a.m. The two following meetings are fixed for March gth and 23rd.

The corresponding meetings of the Manchester and North of England
Orchid Society are fixed for January 8th and 22nd, and February 5th and
1gth. They are held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, and the
Committee meets at 12 o'clock noon, the exhibits being open to inspection
from 1 to 4p.m. The dates of the two following meetings are March 4th
and 18th.

The R.H.S. arrangements for the current year include fortnightly
meetings at the Royal Horticultural Hail, Westminster, except during
May, August and October, when, owing to special circumstances, there will
be only a single meeting, and November, when there will be three
meetings. The Spring Show will be held at Chelsea on June rst, 2nd and
3rd, and the Summer Show will be a great provincial meeting at Cardiff,
on July 6th, 7th, and Sth, the Society having accepted the invitation of the
Lord Mayor of Cardiff, and the Cardiff and County Horticultural Society
to hold a meeting and exhibition there. A special schedule of these
meetings will be issued. The second May meeting is omitted on account

eee ee ee ae ee i esis

gS SA Bel ee aca AL BE al ib ea a

Jan.-FEB,, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 31

of the Spring Show at Chelsea a week later, and that of August roth
because the Hall will be closed for redecoration. The meeting of October
5th is the usual show of British grown fruits, and the announcement that
the Orchid Committee will not meet, and that fruit only may be shown, is
not in accordance with the facilities promised in September last, and
announced at pp. 195, 196 of our last issue.

In the Report of the Council for the year, we note with regret. the
resignation of Sir Harry J. Veitch, V.M.H., owing to stress of business and
increasing years. His services, however, will not be lost, for he has been
nominated as a Vice President of the Society. The Rev. W. Wilks, who
has been Secretary of the Society since 1888, has resigned, but has been
nominated a member of the Council. Mr. W. R. Dykes, M.A., has been
appointed Secretary. Good progress has been made with the revision of
Pritzel’s Index, and it is hoped that sufficient funds may be forthcoming to
commence printing next year. It is estimated that a further sum of £2500,
in addition to £1200 already subscribed, will be required. The Council
thanks the Society’s Committees for their services during the year, under
somewhat depressing circumstances. We note with satisfaction a sub-
Stantial advance in the Society’s membership, the numerical increase being
1306, and the additional income £1873 4s. od., which we may accept as an
augury of gradually improving conditions. It may be added that the Orchid
Committee has been re-elected for the coming year.

BRAssocaTTLEYA Mars.—Early last November I flowered a plant raised
here from seed and labelled Brassocattleya Mars. It was a very beautiful
flower, with fine broad segments, canary yellow in colour, with deep yolk
yellow on the lip. It was quite different from any other that had flowered
from the same pod, not only on account of its much finer shape, and
unusual flatness, but the lip was without fringe, except for a cut, which
might bea trace of it. Naturally, this made us doubtfnl whether it was a
Brassavola Digbyana hybrid at all, or whether a stray seedling had not
been pricked off under the same number. As a means of testing this, Mrs.
Thwaites fertilised the flower with pollen of Cattleya Bellona, with the
object of seeing from the position of the pod below the column whether
there was any Digbyana “blood” in it. Considering that the pod which
formed contains only one-eighth Digbyana, I think that its position below
the column proves the plant to be a form of Brassocattleya Mars. I enclose
the pod, which was cut off when it had served its purpose, and I should
like your opinion as to whether you can trace the influence of B.
Digbyana.—R. G. THWAITES. |

There is a shortened but unmistakeable beak to the pod, and a glaucous

32 THE -ORGHID- REVIEW. [JAN.-FEB., 1920.

surface, both characters derived from B. Digbyana, which is entirely
confirmatory of the parentage. The absence of the fringe is not surprising,
considering how much it is reduced in a few other parallel cases. It is
usually so much reduced that we have suggested recrossing with the
Brassavola, in spite of its narrow petals and pallid colour. Intermediate-
ness of character is an almost invariable quality of hybrid Orchids, though
there are cases of characters being difficult to trace. The fact is, characters
can be, and are, subdivided, and are sometimes present in the offspring as
mere traces. We mention this, because some time ago we received a
criticism that the argument about proportions was not sound, characters
being either present or absent. The objection was based on Mendel’s
experiments with peas, which we have shown to be a thoroughly exceptional
group; in any case it is not a fact.—R.A.R.

BULBOPHYLLUM DICHROMUM, Rolfe.—Another plant of this striking
Bulbophyllum has appeared. The original bloomed at the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Glasnevin, in February, 1907, and was shortly afterwards described
(Kew Bull., 1907, p- 128),a figure also being given in the Botanical Magazine
(t. 8160). The flowers are large and striking, and are borne in a lax erect
raceme, the dorsal sepal and united lateral sepals being bright yellow, and
the three-lobed lip purple, with a pair of acute side lobes, as in B.
fuscopurpureum, Wight, to whicl it is nearly allied, though very different
in colour. The Kew plant, whose identity was not known until it produced
a couple of fine racemes, is believed to have been sent by M. Roebelen, from
Bangkok, with a few other Siamese Orchids.

= ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. ery

[Orchids are tne Swen A iguipsaosit se ier etd - ptt as possible. sede te are
agg to give the of pla An ADDRESSED ard must be
rep! ly by post is is precast lula’, i reply postcards should be used ). Subjects of spacial

renin “wil be dealt with in the body of the ork).

C.H.L.—Many thanks. Such a mass of Miltonia oo we have never seen,
and regret that the photograph is unsuitable for reproducti

Photograph received, with thanks.—-E.D.B. Next a

C.W.P.—Flowers duly received, with thanks.

Odonto.—The fungus question was fully di scussed at pp. 4-7, 29-32 of our twenty-sixth
volume. We believe that the recipe there given will serve for making the nutrient solution

used in germinating the seeds ina sterilised tube without the fang. The process we

believe to be otherwise sinilar.

W.W.B.—Flowers duly received ; kindly indicate name or parentage.

ea doag —The : would succeed petre) in the Intermediate house: during
the w There y Cool Orchids of which the same are be said. The tempera-
ture svobedsly falls lower in i the night than is sometimes realis

2 files ate

* ’ The Orchid Review

VoL. XXVIII. MARCH-APRIL, 1920. No. 327-328. s

lg) ORCHIDS AT THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. g

T the meeting of the British Association held at Bournemouth in
September last a paper was read by Col. M. J. Godfery, F.L.S.,:on
Orchids of Hants and Dorset, being illustrated by lantern slides, and a
beautiful series of forty-four paintings by Mrs. Godfery. The lecturer
remarked that Hants and Dorset were rich in Orchids, among the rarer ones
being Malaxis paludosa, Neottia Nidus-avis, and Spiranthes estivalis, the
latter remarkable for its extreme rarity in Britain, and one of its two
stations being in thé New Forest.

Gymnadenia conopsea, he remarked, makes a grand show on the chalk
downs near Winchester, while a brightly coloured robust form, possibly var.
densiflora, Dietr., grows on wet, slipped ground in the Isle of Wight, in
company with Epipactis palustris, an “ree of a_ limestone species
fiourishing in marshy ground.

The marsh Orchids formed a particularly difficult ' group, the species
being locally abundant, frequently with Orchis maculata im the immediate
vicinity, and were sufficiently similar for humble bees to pass from one
species to another indiscriminately, the consequence being that: natural
hybrids were frequent, but up to quite recent times all were regarded as
members ‘of one’ variable species, to which the nameé of O. latifolia was
applied. There was sti!l some doubt as:to what the latter was, for after the
separation of O. incarnata, and another green-leayed form which Mr. Druce
had called O. pratermissa; there still remained a third form, which was
locally abundant, and which, whatever its status specifically, could be at
‘once recognised by the veriest tyro by its conspicuously spotted leaves, and
of which the spots were often ring-like in character, with a more or less
green centre. It was too common and too uniform to be a es and was
probably the plant known as O. latifolia on the Continent.

O. maculata was a puzzling species, for there was another plant that
was first separated from it by the Rev. E. F. Linton, in his Flora of
Bournemouth, under the name of O. ericetorum, and its status had not yet
been definitely decided, though it had been observed that the two usually

33

34 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Mar.-APRIL, 1920.

occupied distinct areas, O. ericetorum being essentially a heath plant, and
usually easily separated.

The hybrids formed a particularly interesting lot, and were shown in a
series of beautiful paintings. Col. Godfery gave details of those met with
by himself, and also those enumerated in the Reports of the Winchester
College Natural History Society (details of which may be found at pp.
142-3, 169-172 of our last volume). Concerning the hybrid between Orchis
latifolia and Cceloglossum viride, he remarked that it had been found
nowhere else in Britain, and it owed its existence to the fortunate accident
that the former, an essentially marsh Orchid, grows high and dry on the
chalk downs near Winchester, where the Cceloglossum is plentiful, the two
plants, rather whiny: = in their natural habitats, thus coming
into contact.

Col. Godfery-also' gave some information about fertilisation by insects,
A aibictt respecting which there is room for further observations. His
concluding note-may be given verbatim, as we have not met with the
eee before.

“Mr. Burton, of Lodeiet Hall, Salop, tells me that while sitting in his
glasshouse he saw a fly, Platychirus manicatus, visiting Aceras, and
depositing eggs among aphides on the flowers. He watched to see whether
they removed pollinia, and in every case found pollinia on their heads. A
mumber of seed capsules were produced, and later he found larve of
Platychirus energetically destroying the aphides. This curious case of
indirect fertilisation may possibly explain the visits of Sarcophaga
<arnosa, a fly which frequents decaying animal matter, to the flowers of
— palletes, which so Stes Darwin.

CRaderdcinivs Sa Blume.—The Aneectochili are grown as
SenbeenNillcared plants, and are not often seen in bloom, though it is at
this stage that their identity:can be ascertained. An interesting plant,
bearing the name ofA. setaceus var. inornatus, has again thrown up-a spike
at Kew, and as an obviously different plant, also in bloom, was labelled
A. setaceus, it became necessary to compare them with authentically-named
Specimens. The result.shows a curious case of confusion. A plant was
figured in the Botanical Magazine in 1860 (t. 5280), under the name of
A. setaceus var. inornatus, Hook., the name indicating a difference from the
ordinary state of the plant, in which the upper surface of the leaves bears_a
beautiful golden network. The text states that, ‘‘In a valuable case of
plants lately received from the Botanic Garden of Java, ‘was the present
remarkable variety, in-which the leaves, though of a rich coppery hue and
velvety character, are wholly destitute of reticulations.” The varietal

mame was obviously given in reference to this character, but it is a case of

ES Sea OL aap) sm, Unter aa oa

_Mar.-APRIL, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 35

confusion, for the plant agrees with A. Reinwardtii, Blume, described and
figured two years previously (Orch. Archip. Ind., p: 28. t. 12, fig. 1), as a native
of Java. A. setaceus, Blume, the other Javan species, which is also
figured on the same plate, differs in its elegantly reticulated leaves and in
floral structure. This dates from 1825 (Blume Bijidr. p. 412, fig. 14), and
has also not escaped confusion, for Lindley referred to it a Ceylon species,
which he figured (Bot. Reg., t. 2010), and this Blume afterwards described
as A. regalis (Orch. Archip. Ind., p. 47, t. 19, fig. B). Lindley’s mistake
-was repeated in Bot. Mag., t. 4123, this figure also representing the Ceylon
plant, which is described as one of the most beautiful of all plants in the
hue and marking of its leaves, not to be imitated by art, their colour being
a rich velvety green, tinged with copper, and over that laid an exquisite
golden network. It is said to be a native of damp, shady woods in Ceylon,
Amboyna, and Java, ‘and if, as I think there can be no doubt, the
Chrysobaphrus Roxburghii of Wallich be the same, also of Sylhet and
Nepal.”” But the latter represents a fourth species, A. Roxburghii, Lindl.,
which was in bloom at Kew at the same time as A. Reinwardtii, though
not having its correct name. The Amboyna plant has been referred to
A. Reinwardtii, but its identity is doubtful, to say the very least, because
of the golden veins said to be on the leaves. Rumphius remarks that this
is known to the natives of Amboyna as Daun Petola, or Petola leaf, on
account of its resemblance to the Petola, a precious silken vestment of
many gaudy colours. Materials are wanting to decide the point, but we
may recall that the well known Macodes Petola, Lindl., owes its specific
name to the same character. R.A.R.

S| THE SOPHROCATLALLIAS. &
T is remarkable how rapidly the hybrid genus Sophrocatlzlia is growing.
When the Orchid Stud-Book was published four only were known, but
since then there have been over eighty additions. The majority have been
reported in our pages as exhibited, and we now take the opportunity of
giving a number of others. In some cases they have been recorded under
the name of Sophro-Lzlio-Cattleya, which, however, is not in accordance
with the Rules of Nomenclature of the Brussels Congress. These, after
confirming the R.H.S. Rules for the nomenclature of multigeneric hybrids,
make exceptions in the case of Brassocatlelia and Sophrocatlelia as being
names already in use. There is also a provision that such names should be
written as a single word, without hyphens and with only the initial capital
{as we have always written it). The genus was established to include all
hybrids between the three genera, Sophronitis, Cattleya, and Lelia, a

36 -THE ORCHID REVIEW. _ [Makr.-ApriL, 1920.

‘combination which can be effected in several different ways, as the following
list will show. Many of them are very charming little plants, in which the
habit and brilliant colour of the original Sophronitis grandiflora are: much in
. ‘evidence, while others have more of the Cattleya shape and colour.
- Scr. Dexia (Lc. Gottoiana xX Sc. Cleopatra), Charlesw. Cat., 1914,
-p. 88.—Charlesworth & Co., 1913.

Sex. Diana (C. Aclandiz x Sl. Gratrixiz).—S. -L. -C. Diana, G.C., 1915;
ll. p. 330.—H. S. Goodson, Nov., 1915.

Sci. Dipo (C. Triane X Sl. heatonensis), Charlesw. Cat., 1912, p. 82.—
Charlesworth & Co., 1911.

Sci. ELectra (C. labiata x Sl. heatonensis), Charlesw. Cat., 1914, p. 88.
—Charlesworth & Co., 1913.

Scv. Ertata (C. labiata x Scl. Eros). S.-L.-C. Eriata, G.C., 1917; i:
p- 95.——Duke of Marlborough, Feb., 1917. --

Sci. Fatcon (Lc. Aureole x S. grandiflora). S.-L.-C. Falcon, G.C.,
-IQ17, il. p. 85.—Sir G. L. Holford, Aug., 1917.
« Sci. Gem (Lc. warnhamiensis x S. grandiflora). S.-L.-C. Gem, G.C.,
1914, i. p. 87.—F. Wellesley, Jan., 1914.

Sci. HesBe (Lc. Haroldiana x Sl. viii. Charlesw. Cat., 1914,
p. 88.—Charlesworth & Co., 1913.

Sci. IRENE (Lc. Gottoiana xX S. grandiflora), Charlesw. Cat., Bee
p. 76.—Charlesworth & Co., 1909.

Sci. Enis: (Lc. Gottoiana. x..Shk heatonansis), Charlesw. Cat., 1914,
p. 88.—Charlesworth & Co., 1913.

- Sci. Lotus (C. Harrisoniana xX Sl. i catonencin: Charlesw. Cat., 1914,
p. 89.—Charlesworth & Co., 1913.

Sci. Marion (Lc. eximia x Sc. Thwaitesiz). S.-L.-C. Marion, G.C.,
1917, il. p. 206.—E. R. Ashton, Nov. 1917.

~ Sci. NiopeE (Lc. Gottoiana X of Felicia), Charlesw. Cat., 1912, p. a
Charlesworth & Co., 1g1I.

Sct. Nota (Le. Issy xX. Sl. Gratrixiz), Charlesw. Cat., 1912, p. ee
Charlesworth & Co., TE & See afer:
_. Sci. Pertpot (C. Dowiana aurea xX Scl. Dane). S.-L.-C. Peridot,
G.C., 1917, ii. p. 85.—Sir. G. L. Holford, Aug., 1917. mney)

_ Sci. Prospero (C. Rothschildiana. x Scl. Danze). S.-L.-C. Peridot,
G.C., 1915, ii. p. 270.—Sir G. L. Holford, Oct. 1915.

_.Scei. Ropinetta (C. Hardyana X Scl. Dane). S.-L.-C. Robinetta,
G.C., 1917, ii. p. 85.—Sir G. L. Holford, Aug. 1917.

_.SCL. RUBENS (Scl. Eros x S. grandiflora). _S.-L.- C. rubens, G. C.,
1916, i. p. 140.—Elizabeth Lady Lawrence, March, 1916.

_ Sci. Urania (C. Harrisoniana x Sl. Gratrixie), Charlesw. Cal. IQ10,
p- 36.—Charlesworth & Co., 1909.

Mar.-APRIL, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 37

ees ORCHID HYBRIDISING. ee

N enthusiastic amateur reader, who has been successful with Cool

| Orchids, is desirous of making experiments in hybridisation, and
requests a few notes upon the subject, especially with regard to Odonto-
glossums and Odontiodas. We have pleasure in complying, but as other
readers are interested in Warm and Intermediate Orchids, we prefer to
treat the subject more generally, especially as the latter groups are more
suitable for the beginner. Of course, the possessor of only a Cool Orchid
house is limited in choice of subjects, and it is an unfortunate fact that the
beautiful Odontoglossum group has proved one of the most intractable in
the hands of the hybridist. It is easy enough to get capsules of good seed ;
the difficulty is to germinate it, and to get the seedlings safely through their
infantile stages. Still, Odontoglossums are ‘now being raised in enormous
numbers, and we do not wonder that amateurs should desire to engage in
such a fascinating hobby, and as success is largely a matter of perseverance
and securing the right cultural conditions there is every hope of ultimate
success. It is interesting to recall in this connection that the seedling of
Odontoglossum Humeanum recorded at page 4 of our last volume was the
result of an only cross, which was made to prove the parentage of a wild
hybrid, a notable result considering that it was not sata in a special
Odontoglossum house.

At the outset, and by way of gaining experience, one might cross any
two parents of good constitution, where the shape and colour was sufficiently
promising, but, apart from this, everything depends upon careful selection
of parents, and. every cross should be made with some definite object in
view. Improved shape and colour, and increased floriferousness should be
the aim, and care should be taken not to unite colours and shapes that are
likely to give discordant results. A strong plant of good constitution
should be selected as the seed bearer, and when such a plant is in bloom
the next thing is to obtain the pollen of some suitable variety. This is
not always easy in a small collection, and we have known of several crosses
that could not be made because the desired parents were not in bloom
together: Suitable pollen however, may sometimes be obtained from a
friend, who might also be induced to attempt the germination of a few of
the resulting seeds, for we have in mind cases of success which would have
otherwise ended in failure. Seedlings are difficult to obtain in certain houses.

Having selected the seed bearer, the next thing to be done is to carefully
remove the pollen masses from the flower to be fertilised, and then apply to
the stigma that of the selected pollen parent, which will at once adhere to

38 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Mar.-APRIL, 1920+

its viscid surface. A tiny-celluloid label, bearing a number, should now be
tied loosely to the pedicel of the fertilised flower, posting this number into
a memorandum book, with the dates and a clear record of the cross made.
This should be done for every separate cross, and further details can be
added later, as necessary. A book ruled into six or seven columns is useful
for this purpose, as the columns may record, successively, the numbers of
the cross, the parentage, and the date, leaving spaces for date of sowing,
germination, and pricking off, with a final column for remarks. The
corresponding number must, of course, be kept recorded on the labels used
at every stage, so that the history of every seedling can be traced as it
reaches the flowering period.

Soon after the pollinia have been applied to the stigma the effects of
pollination will be observed. The column wings begin to curve inwards,
and the column itself to swell, while a change in the colour of the segments,
followed by shrivelling, will be noticed. The capsule will now gradually
progress towards maturity, but on the first signs of opening a piece of fine
tissue paper should be placed round the capsule, and tied loosely round the
stalk, so as to catch any falling seeds. When the pod splits the seeds may be
regarded as mature, and they may then be shaken out on a piece of paper.
One may now form an idea whether any of the seed is good by examining
it with a low-power lens. At first sight it may appear like minute chaff, but if
swollen and somewhat darker in the centre an embryo is present and should
germinate under suitable conditions. Capsules that mature normally
generally contain good seed, though it may be mixed with more or less
chaff, the latter being pale and having a shrivelled appearance in the centre.
It is useless to sow empty chaff, but one should be quite sure that no viable
seeds are present before discarding the contents of a capsule entirely.

The seeds should be sown as soon as ripe, being scattered thinly on the
compost of plants that are in active growth, these being marked with a
label containing the number of the cross. The compost should be in
healthy condition, and should never be allowed to become dry. The
position must also be shaded from direct sunlight. Progress may now be
watched by means of a good lens. If germination proceeds smoothly the
embryo will be seen to swell, push aside the seed coat, and become green,
dltimately assuming a globular shape and producing a few root hairs, and
finally the first true root and tiny leaf. We have watched all these
‘processes, but it is an unfortunate fact that the seedlings too frequently
reach the stage of a minute globule, and then refuse to progress further,
soon shrivelling up.. The cause is generally attributed to the absence of a

particular fungus, which, by making available the necessary food supply, :

enables the on to. gas over the critical stage of its independent existence.
: Age be continued.)

MaRk.-APRIL. 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 39

con
Beh

HLOR#A is a rather large South American genus of terrestrial
Orchids, of which several species are decidedly showy, though they are
seldom seen in cultivation. It is structurally allied to the northern
Cephalanthera and Epipactis, and has its headquarters in Chili, a few
species extending south to Patagonia, and a few others being found in
Argentina and South Brazil, while there is a solitary outlying representative
in the Falkland Islands. Of the latter a dried specimen has been sent to
Kew for determination by Major F. J. Newnham, of Hove, Sussex, and as
the history of the species has been much confused a note may be of interest.
The species has been known for over a century, having been figured in 1770
by Pernetty (Hist. Voy. Malovines, il., p. 54, t. 8, fig. 5), under the name ot
Satyrion. The author remarked that he had been unable to discover the
flowers of the plant, though he had seen several of every size, the highest
having capsules filled with seed, and a kind of tuft at the extremity
resembling a cluster of dried petals of a reddish cast, and that the seed was
a very fine red dust. It was also mentioned by Gaudichaud in a list of
Falkland Island plants, in 1825, under the name of Arethusa lutea (Amn. Sc.
Nat., ser. I, xv., p. 100), the author being under the impression that it was.
identical with Serapias lutea, Comm., a native of the Straits of Magellan.
The mistake was pointed out four years later by Dr. Urville, who described
and figured both species, calling the Falkland plant Chlorza Gaudichaudii
(Duperr. Voy. Bot., p. 189, t- 44, fig. A), and remarking that it was frequent
in theislands. It was subsequently collected there by Wright and by Sir
J. D. Hooker, the latter remarking (FJ. Antarct., ii., p. 350) that it is not
uncommon in moist pastures, varying a good deal in size and in the breadth
of the leaves. Ten years ago the same plant was again described by
- Kranzlin under the name of Chlorea falklandica (Engl. Jahrb., xliv., Bezbl.
IOI, p. 5) from material collected by Skottsberg in two Falkland localities.
The identity with C. Gaudichaudii has since been pointed out by the
collector himself (Kungl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., 1., n.3, p- 23, t. 1, fig.
7-10), who records it from four different localities. He remarks that the
flowers, though comparatively large, are inconspicuous, and that they are
cleistogamous. It may be added that Lindley, and afterwards Kranzlin,
gave the Straits of Magellan as a locality of C. Gaudichaudii, but the
Magellan plant really belongs to C. Commersonii, Duperry (Hist. Voy. Bot.,
p. 191, t. 44, fig. B.), now known as Asarca Commersonii, Hook f., but as
this was originally based on Serapias lutea, Pers. (Syn. ii., p. 513) the name
Asarca lutea must be applied under the Vienna Rules. Major Newnham

CHLORAEA GAUDICHAUDII. Re

40 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Mar.-Aprit, 120.

remarks that although he watched the plants for months, he never saw a
flower fully open ; the winds seem to cut them and turn them brown before

they are fully out. A flower, however, that was carefully expanded before -

drying, has the peculiarity that the lip has become petal-like, having lost
the prominent crest-like appendages of the normal form, and from its light
yellow colour, prominently reticulated with dark green, it strongly recalls
i apce another striking Andine genus.—R. A. ROLFE.

ees | | ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

IVE distinct forms of the handsome Cymbidium insigne are sent by
Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, which enable one to realise the amount
of variation there is in the species. The typical form has blush pink sepals
and petals, with copious crimson spotting on the lip. Two others are
appreciably lighter in shade, one of them having particularly broad
segments, while in the others the colour is increased to rose, with darker
veins. The introduction of this beautiful species has given a great impetus
to the hybridising of Cymbidiums, and will doubtless lead to further
developments, particularly with C. eburneum and its derivatives.

A flower of a pretty form of Cymbidium Diana is sent from the
collection of G. Hamilton Smith, Esq., Northside, Leigh .Woods,- Bristol,
by Mr. W. E. Walker, together with its two parents, C. Pauwelsii and C.
Veitchii var. concolor. The last-named parent has uniformly light yellow
flowers, thus retaining the character of the original C. Lowianum var.
concolor, but in the hybrid the sepals and petals are straw-coloured with
some light red lines, in which respect, as also in the amount of crimson on
the lip, it most resembles the other parent. It would be interesting to cross
C. Veitchii var. concolor with some form in which the crimson is entirely
wanting. A flower is also sent of Cymbidium Atlas (Cravenianum X Doris),
a new cross which has just flowered. The sepals and petals are yellowish
green, closely lined with brown, and there are numerous crimson markings
on the lip. It shows charactersof both C. Lowianum and C. insigne, ane
can be judged better when the plant becomes stronger. -

Three beautiful Odontoglossums are sent from the collection of H. S.
oodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney, by Mr. G. E. Day. O. Lambeauianum

ar. Harry Goodson has the sepals and petals closely spotted with claret on
a light ground, and the lip light yellow with very few red-brown dots. O.
L. var. G. E. Day has a white ground with light purple spots on the lower
halves of the segments. .The third, of which we are a little uncertain about
the parentage, is copiously blotched with claret on a white ground, the
spots on the petals being arranged in zones.

a
}

‘
:
Be
=
pe
y
;

ieee in eeiaindl

Mar--Aprit, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 41

pace.
a A ODONTONIA PITTIZE.
7 iC)

A the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society held on
February roth last an altogether exceptional hybrid was exhibited
by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, under the name of
Odontonia Pittiz, to which a First-class Certificate was awarded. The

Fig. 6. ODpDoNTONIA PITTIZ.

parents were Miltonia Bleuana Pitt’s var. and Odontoglossum Harryanum
magnificum, and we now have the pleasure of giving its portrait, a photo-
graph having been kindly sent by Messrs. Charlesworth. The flower most
recalls a large Warscewiczella, not only on account of its general shape and
the markings at the base of the lip, but also in its peculiar violet-blue
colour. The shape comes from the Miltonia parent, and the colour from

42 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Mar.-APRIL, 1920+

the Odentoglossum, both, however, being somewhat modified, and
altogether it represents a very distinct break, which it may be anticipated
will be carried further, for the flowers will probably prove fertile, as in the
case of its allies. We need add nothing as to the shape of the flowers, but
as regards colour we may remark that the prevailing tint is violet-blue,
shading off to a lilac margin, while there are a few light-coloured spots on
the sepals and petals, and some radiating lines and a yellow spiny crest on
the lip. There is a special interest in hybrids of this type, because of the
possibility of obtaining a race of plants withthe Odontoglossum character
yet better adapted to a warmer climate, for there are many localities,
particularly in the United States, where the summer temperature is too
warm for Odontoglossums. Altogether it is a very remarkable plant, and
future developments will be awaited with interest.

ODONTOGLOSSUMS FROM EXETER.—Several interesting and beautiful
Orchids are sent from the collection of Mrs. J. J. Neale, Oxton, Kenton, near
Exeter (gr. Mr. E. Swinden). A flower of Miltonia Bleuana is from a well-
grown plant, producing twelve flowers from a single bulb, there being
spikes of five, four, and three flowers, producing a fine effect. A fine spray
of Odontocidium Edwardatum (Odm. Edwardii X Onc. serratum) shows a
curious combination of the characters of two very distinct parents, the shape
being most like that of the Oncidium, while the colour is dark maroon-
purple, with lilac tips to the petals, and a prominent yellow crest to the lip.
Both the lip and column most recall the Oncidium parent. Thereis a
charming form of Odontoglossum armainvillierense, good in shape, and very

regularly blotched with ruby purple, and the O. Pescatorei character is, as _

usual, very prominent in thelip andcolumn. A fine five-bloomed spike of
what is called a yellow Odontoglossum Rossii belongs to O. Humeanum,
the natural hybrid with O. maculatum, whose history was exhaustively given
in our last volume (pp. 4-6, 41). A beautifully-marked form of Cypri-
pedium Helen II., and flowers of Cymbidium Garnet and C. Seamew,
complete a varied and interesting series.

After the above was in type, came a ten-flowered spike of a very beauti-
ful blotched Odontoglsssum crispum, which Mr. Swinden remarks is quite
the best they have flowered up to now. The parents were two blotched
crispums, but the varieties are unknown. The flowers are large and of
good shape, covered with large claret-red blotches on a white ground,
slightly suffused with rose, and the petals distinctly toothed. From its
characters we should suggest the presence of O. Wilckeanum in its ancestry.
A good form of O. eximium, has heavily blotched sepals, a zone of purple
spots on the petals, and much of the O. Pescatorei character in the lip and
column-rings. There arealso flowers of O. sceptrum, Hunnewellianum,

Be eee ae Cees Lie ee nee EET laa Loi aae = pele ehh ie) oe es rl eee bait

BY PAS ee

F 3 te
citi ic

Mar.-APRIL, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 43

Hallii, Coradinei, mulus, Lindleyanum, and what we take to be a form of
O. elegans, though obtained as O. Kegeljanii. A spike of the brilliant
Ada aurantiaca, a spray of Oncidium superbiens, and three good forms of
Sophronitis grandiflora, help to make a very attractive group.

By J. T. BARKER, Orchid grower to His Grace the Duke of

7] CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MARCH-APRIL.
Marlborough, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxon.

HE months of March and April, with their proverbial changes of wind,
sunshine, and showers, are a trying period to all who have the manage-
ment of a collection of Orchids. Watchfulness is necessary in the matter of
ventilation, so that the plants may not receive a check, either from too
much cold air blowing upon them, or from insufficient air, heat or moisture.
Shading from bright sunshine must now be generally adopted for all
Orchids, with the exception of those grown in the Mexican house, which
revel in light and air. It will be well to emphasise the advice concerning
the benefit of shading Orchids during these early months, when the plants
are emerging from the dull days of winter to the bright ones of spring.

The beautiful sunshine which we have recently enjoyed, has had a most
stimulating effect upon all Orchids; new roots are pushing forth, together
with new growths, and everything is full of promise for the future. Speak-
ing generally, the past winter has been favourable for plant life, with plenty :
of light, and fair progress has been made at this early season of the year.
So fast will be the development of eronal at this season, that it will need
energy to keep abreast of the work.

REPOTTING, which constitutes the principal work at this season, should
be done carefully and well, and as most collections have suffered more or
less from the want of rooting material, there is much leeway to make up.
It is a difficult matter to nurse an unhealthy plant back to vigour, hence
the necessity of taking care that the — do not suffer at the roots from
decomposed materials.

TEMPERATURES.—With the lengthening days, and the increased amount
of light and sunshine, the plants will become active, and commence to push
their growth rapidly. The temperatures may now be raised a few degrees
higher all round, and with the increased heat, additional atmospheric moisture
must be given. A humid atmosphere may now be maintained in all the
houses, and conditions made that are conducive to sound healthy growth.
Orchids cannot grow satisfactorily in a hot, parched atmosphere, any more
than in a wet, cold one.

WATERING at this season requires a great amount of care on the
cultivators’ part, as much harm may accrue by the compost being in a

44 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Mar.-APRIL, 1920.

over-saturated, or over-dry condition for any length of time. A certain
amount of discrimination must be used in supplying and withholding water,
first making sure that the compost is dry enough, and then giving a good
soaking, taking care that the compost becomes dry again before repeating
the operation.

VENTILATION during this month requires great care and attention,
perhaps more than at any other season of the year. It is often difficult to
ventilate a house as one would like, especially during the many sudden
changes which often occur at this period. Air must, nevertheless, be
admitted on all favourable occasions to sweeten the atmosphere. Fresh air
is life to plants, but in its admission we must be careful to avoid draughts,
or much mischief will be done.

STOKING, during this period, will also need considerable attention, as
the outside conditions often vary from one extreme to the other. A fair
amount of artifical warmth will still be required at night in the warmer
divisions, but during the day, only just sufficient should be given to
maintain the temperatures. Sun heat should be utilised whenever possible
to increase the temperature a few degrees. Too much heat in the pipes is
injurious, and in all cases extreme fluctuations of temperature must be
avoided.

SHADING will now come into general use, but it must not be applied to
excess, or the plants will become weak and spindly. After the dull dark
days of winter, the leaves and bulbs of the plants are tender, and they must
be inured to the light and heat of the sun gradually. Direct sunshine in
some cases seems to paralyse plants, especially those that delight in shady
positions, hence the necessity of patient observation on the part of the
cultivator, and the separation of those plants which do not succeed in
strong light.

THUNIAS will be commencing to grow, and must be repotted before the
new shoots commence to push forth their roots. The compust I recom-
mend for them is half peat and half loam, from which all the fine particles
have been removed, mixed with some sphagnum moss, and dried cow
manure. The pots must be well drained, as when in full growth and well
rooted, an abundant supply of water is necessary. They must not be
potted too firmly, as their roots are not capable of penetrating a close
compost. Thunias enjoy a sunny position in the warmest house, placed
well up to the glass, and exposed to the light, and water must be sparingly
applied to them until the flower spike appears at the apex of the newly
made bulbs. They may be potted up singly, or made up into specimens,
according to the requirements of the cultivator. When in full growth an
occasional watering with weak manure water will be beneficial.

“€ALANTHES of the deciduous section will need repotting when the new

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Mar.-ApPRIL 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 45

growths are a few inches high, and are about to push forth new roots.
Previous to repotting it is advisable to thoroughly overhaul and closely
examine the bulbs for scale and any other insect pest which may infest
them. Care must be taken whilst cleansing the pseudobulbs not to injure
the eyes or young growths at the base. The old dead roots may be cut
off to within an inch or so, to form a support that will keep the plants
steady until the young roots have a firm hold of the new compost. The
pseudobulbs may be repotted singly, or three or four large ones, or even
more, may be potted together in larger pots. Perfect drainage is essential,
and the compost should consist of half turfy loam from which the earthy
particles have been shaken, one-fourth chopped At fibre, and one-fourth
dry cow dung, with a moderate quantity of live sphagnum moss, small
crocks, and coarse silver sand. These materials should be well mixed
together, and allowed to become warm before being used. When repotting,
the compost.should be made moderately firm, allowing sufficient space for
a top-dressing at a later period, when the plants have become thoroughly
established and are growin rapidly. For several weeks after repotting the
plants will require little or no water until the new roots have freely entered
the new material. Their surroundings should be kept moderately moist
by damping between the pots occasionally. When the roots have got
a thorough hold of the new material, and the growths have made
considerable progress, abundance of water is required, and an occasional
watering with liquid manure is beneficial. Care should be taken wher
repotting the plants that the compost is neither too wet nor too dry.

Puatuses will succeed in asimilar compost to Calanthes, and require
similar conditions, both as regards temperature and other details. Those
that are in need of new rooting material should have attention just before
the new growths commence to push roots.

CyYMBIDIUMS.—There are now so many beautiful hybrids of this sanity?
grown genus, in addition to the species, that no collection is complete
without some of them. As decorative plants, or as cut flowers, they have
few rivals, and deserve extended culture. They succeed in a cool
Intermediate temperature, with an abundance of fresh air; in fact they
succeed if treated like warm greenhouse plants, which is no mean consider-
ation in these days of dear fuel. They-delight in a compost, similar to that
used for Calanthe, and resent disturbance of the roots more than many
Orchids; therefore only those that are in want of new material should be
disturbed.

CypripepiumMs.—The potting of these ened winter-blooming ‘alanis
should be attended to as fast as they pass out of flower. Should there be:
any danger of the compost becoming decayed before another season, it is
much the best practise to repot them now. A suitable compost has been.

46 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Mar -APRIL, 1920.

given so many times in these pages, that there is no need to repeat it. The
sooner the potting is completed the better, the plants getting a much longer
season of growth, and plants that are well established and well rooted
produce flowers of improved quality.

CaTTLeEyas, Leliocattleyas, Brassocattleyas, and other members sf this
large and beautiful family that have passed out of flower, and are about to
push new roots, should have attention as regards repotting, should they
require it. It is necessary that the compost in which they are grown
should be kept in a sweet and healthy condition, hence the necessity of
potting the plants firmly., No Orchids resent sour material. more than this
family, and none will succeed better if kept in sweet material. A suitable
compost is made up of equal portions of peat, At and osmunda fibres, and
sphagnum moss, all thoroughly cleaned and used in a rough state. If any
difficulty is found in obtaining good peat fibre it may be left out, but
personally I think better root action is obtained when it is used.

DENDROBIUMS of the deciduous section will now be responding to the
influence of increased light and heat, and flower buds will develop quickly,
and make a good show.. As a means of prolonging the display some plants
may be removed to cool quarters, but this is not to be recommended in the
case of weak growers or delicate plants. D. Phalznopsis and ‘its varieties
that are developing new growths, and are in need of new material, should
have attention as soon as new roots are observed to be pushing from the
base of the young growths. It is perfectly safé to repot any plant whenever
new rcots are observed to be pushing. The chief detailsin the cultivation
of these plants are plenty of heat, light, and moisture whilst in full growth,
with a dry rest after growth is completed. A clean fibrous compost made
up of equal portions of Ar fibre and sphagnum moss will answer their
requirements. They should be placed in small or moderate-sized recep-
tacles, as over-potting is detrimental

ODONTOGLOssUMS.—The present season is a suitable time to afford more

root room to such plants as are not flowering, but none should be disturbed ~

unless repotting is absolutely necessary. Those having sufficient root-room,
and the material in good condition, should not be disturbed until the
autumn. Plants that have their new growths overhanging the edge of the pots
may be turned out, all useless back bulbs removed, and as much of the back
part of the compost taken away as possible. The material for repotting
should consist of a mixture of peat and Ar fibre, sphagnum moss, and
broken leaves, all thoroughly mixed together. The pots should be well
drained, for although these plants need plenty of water whilst growing, a
stagnant compost is injurious to them, as to other Orchids. After repotting,
afford water with great care, for amy excess of moisture at this stage will
cause the old roots to perish, and the pseudobulbs to shrivel. Plants

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Mar.-APRIL, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 47

which have recently flowered should be induced to rest, and should only be
afforded sufficient water to keep them plump; if kept too wet there will be
weak premature growths.

GENERAL REMARKS.— Nature is exacting in her demands, and unless
each detail in culture is performed at the proper time, the best results
cannot be looked for. This in practice, may be hard to achieve, but those
with an ideal are the most likely to succeed. Cleanliness in every detail
should be practised, as a clean start medns} in most cases, a satisfactory
ending.

Sd VENTILATING ORCHID HOUSES IN EARLY SPRING. |

WAS looking over an extremely well-grown collection of Orchids in the
middle of March, and the grower, a man of mature experience and
proved ability, said he had had more yellow leaves than he liked, and was
looking round for the cause. We thereupon put our heads together and
at last came to the conclusion that it was a matter of giving too much air
so early in the year. The Odontoglossums had lost a good many leaves,
and the Cattleyas also had more yellowing than was pleasant.

The problem presented was this: The Odontoglossums were repotted
in August and September, had re-established themselves comfortably in the
new compost, and settled down into fine plump stuff with strong growths
by, say, the end of November. From this period onwards, until February,
their progress was quite normal—increasing growth, and added greenness
and thickness of leaf, giving much hopeful promise for the lengthening days.
And now, when the:new bulbs are finishing, and the days are as long as the
nights, when spring is nearly here, why should leaves fade in increasing
numbers? Leaves fall in the autumn, we argue, not in the spring.

The past winter was exceptionally fine; and the spring-like, sunny
weather of February gave tempting opportunities of opening the ventilators,
and perhaps those opportunities were too well used. A high inside
temperature caused by the sun on a cold, or even temperate day, should
not be the signal to throw wide open the ventilators, but even the best of
us are liable to make mistakes !

This has been a season when blinds were wanted early, and it is always
safer to shade Odontoglossums for an hour or two on sunny days during the
latter half of February, for the old leaves are particularly sensitive at
this season. . Permanent shading is not to be recommended in any Case,
as there are so many dull days in the year that are thereby made doubly
dull,-and in these early days, perhaps, only a few hours a week will make
for safety. To stipple a house over. with permanent shading in February is

48 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Mar.-APRIL, 1920+

unthinkable, but to have the blinds fixed ready for use, if necessary, is 2
wise precaution. It may be that a sudden burst of sun, with possibly
unavoidable fire-heat, will send the temperature inside racing up, and this |
is when restraint in ventilating should be exercised ; and on windy days
enough air will find its way into most. houses without the necessity of
opening the ventilators at all.

_A sudden rise of temperature caused by sun heat in sik is not nite
to be afraid of, and no attempt should be made to blow it out. Little
stability of temperature can be hoped for, nor must we attempt to .modify
it too severely by ventilation so early in the year. The constancy of the
night temperature is of more moment, and is easy of attainment. _

But I would venture to say that temperature has very little to do with
leaves in healthy plants becoming prematurely yellow in the early spring.
Too much air admitted at this season—though the temperature remain. well
up—suggests itself as the cause, helped no doubt by fitful periods. of bright-
ness without direct sunshine. Such plants as Tomatoes and Geraniums,
when removed frém the ‘coolest quarters inside and stood. outside, quickly
lose some of their lower leaves, those furthest from the growing point, which
otherwise they would have long retained. In opening the top and bottom
ventilators of an Orchid house the accustomed moisture is removed from
the plants, and the leaves furthest from the lead or growing point now throw
offthe moisture at an accelerated rate, and thesupply is too slowly replaced,
and consequently they begin to wither.. With the longer light there is
little doubt that the plants steadily adapt themselves to the airier conditions,
and what had during the winter-become a kind of stagnant condition of the

back or dormant’ parts of the plants—with the relatively close conditions

imposed upon them during’ the: short days—now get.a quicker supply of
sap, and are able to replace all that, is required of thém. Some such
explanation must be found for the very sensitive condition of the leaves on
the back bulbs in the early months when the sun begins to get power, but
the precautions to be. taken are simple when we realize the necessity for
them. ce ae: } Te J. M. Brack.

Sune Wasps IN ROLLER Basins Thinking you may be acidaed.
I send particulars of a fine haul of queen wasps, secured on my premises
during March. We have captured 130; they had hibernated in the lath
- blinds on'the northern side of the Odontoglossum houses, these blinds not
having been unrolled since used last antumn,.and on the first’ day of being
unrolled the wasps were captured. No doubt the small amount of escaping
warmth from the roof and. the comparatively dry position had attracted
them, and I bring this to your notice in order that others way be on the
look-out for similar hauls.—A. McBEan.

-Mar.-APRIL, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 49

| DS | CYPRIPEDIUM NESTA. | xe |

HE annexed figure represents a very beautiful seedling Cypripedium
that flowered for the first time in the collection of E. D. Bostock,

Esq., Oulton Cross, Stone, Staff, at Christmas last. The parentage is
.C, Eurybiades var. mirum xX Lord Wolmer, and the figure, which is from
a photograph by Mr. F. W. Rolfe, represents the flower two-thirds natural
size. Both shape and colour are excellent. The dorsal sepal is white, with a
light green stain at the base, and the spots are purple, while the petals are

Fig. 7. CYPRIPEDIUM NESTA.

yellow-green, with brown markings, and the lip is of the latter colour in
front. An analysis of parentage shows that it is made up of the three
species, C. Boxallii; insigne, and Spicerianum, which have been combined
in various ways through five generations, selection having been practised at
every stage. In its ancestry C. Leeanum has been used four times, which
would account for a.marked resemblance to:this fine hybrid, while C. Hera
appears twice, the others being C. Mons. de Curte and C. Alcibiades. It
is curious to reflect that either C. Leeanum. xX Boxallii, C. insigne X
Calypso, or C. Spicerianum x Mons de Curte would give a hybrid of
similar specific composition, though i in somewhat different proportions. It

is certainly a charming thing.

5° THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Mar.-APRIL, 1920. _

be | SCHOMBURGKIA CROSSES. | Os

HE revision of Schomburgkia and the recognition of the specics of the
hollow-bulbed, or S. tibicinis, section as forming a distinct genus,
under the name of Myrmecophila (O.R., xxvi. pp. 49-51), mecessitates a
revision of a small group of hybrids. It has long been recognised that the
plant known as Lzlia superbiens, Lindl., really belongs to Schomburgkia,
and as this species has been crossed with Cattleya, Lelia and Sophronitis
its hybrids will now stand as follows :—

SCHOMOCATTLEYA.—A genus formed to include the hybrids between
‘Schomburgkia and Cattleya, of which five are at present known.

SCHOMBOCATTLEYA CHOLETIANA (C. Mossiz x S. superbiens). Lzelio-
-cattleya Choletiana, J.S.H.Fr., 1902, pp.- 138, 139.—A. Dallemagne,
Feb. 1902.

Sc. Denis (C. Lueddemanniana X S. superbiens). Le. Denisii, O.R.,
1906, p. 135.—F. Denis, April, 1906.

Sc. Humpertu (C. Aclandize x S. superbiens). Le. Humbertii,
J.S.H.Fr., 1902; p- 337-—A. Dallemagne, May, 1902.

Sc. PujeTu (C. Triane xX S. superbiens). Le. Pujetii, /.S.H.Fr.,
1904, p. 105.—Ch. Maron, Feb. 1904. ,

Sc. rIiGIpA (C. Lawrenceana X S.superbiens). Le. rigida, G.C., 1912,
i. p. 267.—Sander & Sons, April, 1912.

ScHOMBOL&LIA.—A genus formed to include hybrids between Schom-
burgkia and Lelia, of which the following one is only known.

SCHOMBOLELIA NEMESIS (L. anceps X S. superbiens). Lelia Nemesis,
G.C., 1902, i. p. 85.—De B. Crawshay, Jan., 1902.

ScHOMBONITIS.—A genus formed to include hybrids between Schom-
burgkia and Sophronitis, of which the following has appeared.

ScHOMBONITIS STELLA (Schomburgkia superbiens X Sophronitis
grandiflora). Sophrolelia Stella, G.C., 1917, 1. p. 220:—Lord Rothschild,
May, 1917.

MyRMECOCATTLEYA.—A genus formed to include hybrids between
Myrmecophila and Cattleya, of which only one is at present known.

MYRMECOCATTLEYA SPIRALIS (Cattleya Mossie X Myrmecophila
tibicinis). _ Schombocattleya speaks, OR, xilic p.. 249, fig. . 61.—A.
Dallemagne, Aug., 1903.
- MyRMECOL#LIA.—A genus formed to include hybrids between Myrme-
cophila and Lelia, of which the following is only known.

MYRMECOLELIA TIBIBROSA (L. tenebrosa Xx M. tibicinis). Schom-
bolelia tibibrosa, O.R., 1919, p- 91.—F- J. Hanbury, May, 19109.

Mar.-APRIL, 1920.]} THE ORCHID REVIEW.

51
Rees ~OCIETIES, aes

RoyaL HORTICULTURAL.
HE opening meeting of the year was held at the Royal Horticultural
Hall, Vincent Square, West ter, on January 13th, and brought
together a very fine display of Orchids. The award list included one First-
class Certificate, two Awards of Merit, and five Medals.

Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair), J.
O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, W. H. White, R. Brooman White, E. R.
Ashton, T. Armstrong, J. E. Shill, Arthur Dye, E. J. Lucas, J. Charles-
worth, S. W. Flory, F. K. Sander, Pantia Ralli, Walter Cobb, A. McBean,
G. Wilson, R. A. Rolfe, J. Wilson Potter, F. J. Hanbury, and C. H. Curtis.

First-CLass CERTIFICATE.

ODONTIODA ALCANTARA RALLi’s vaAR. (Oda. Cooksonie, X Odm,
eximium).—A brilliant hybrid, bearing large and finely-shaped crimson
flowers, shaded with orange, and having a white margin to the sepals and
petals, and some crimson markings on the lip. Exhibited by Pantia Ralli,
Esq., Ashstead Park, Surrey (gr. Mr. Farnes).

AWARDS OF MERIT.

L2LIOCATTLEYA ALBORAK (Lc. Isabel-Sander x C. Maggie-Raphael
alba).—A large and beautiful hybrid, with broad, pure white sepals and
petals, and the front of the lip light violet, margined with white, and with a
bright yellow disc. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell,
Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill).

OponToGLossuM THWAITESL® Fasery’s var. (Harryanum X Rossii
rubescens).—A brilliant variety, showing most of the O. Rossii character,
and having blush white sepals. and petals barred with claret-red, and the
lip mauve with a yellow crest. Exhibited by W. R. Fasey, Esq., Holly
Bush Hill, Snaresbrook (gr. Mr. E. J. Seymour).

SILVER FLorA MEDAL.

To Lady Ludlow, Luton Hoo (gr. Mr. Metcalfe), for a very fine group of
the beautiful Lzlia Gouldiana, comprising some sixty plants with an
aggregate of about 450 flowers, and demonstrating its value as a decorative
plant during the Christmas season.

To Mrs. Wm. Raphael, Castle Hill, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Brown),
for a most beautiful group of cut spikes of the blush-white Calanthe
Harrisii. They were remarkably strong, bearing thirty to forty flowers
each, and being arranged with suitable foliage, produced a charming effect.

To Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, for a rich group,
including some excellent Odontiodas and Odontoglossums, Odm. Thetis

52 THE ORCHID coe a [Mar.-APRIL, 1920

(Solon X Dusky Monarch), being a richly-coloured flower of good shape,

and Oncidium incurvophorum (incurvum X corynephorum), a very distinct

novelty, with white and purple flowers of intermediate shape. Lelio~

cattleya Thetis (Lc. Myrrha x C Triana Grand Monarch), and Brassolelia

Billingtonii (Bl. Gratrixie x B. Digbyana) were also interesting novelties,

the latter being deep buff yellow, with a three-lobed and well-fringed lip.
SILVER BANKSIAN MEDALS.

To Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, for a small group, including Sophro-
catlelia Ruboris (Lc. rubens x Lc. Doris), having rosy-mauve sepals and
petals, and a ruby-red lip with yellow throat; also a few other Sophronitis
hybrids and Brassocattleyas.

To Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, for a good group, including Cypri-
pedium memoria F. M. Ogilvie, C. British Lion (Curtmannii X Pyramus),
.a richly-coloured flower, C. Marshall Haig var. Victory, and some good
Odontoglossums and Leliocattleyas.

OTHER EXHIBITS.

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. Collier), sent a fine
specimen of Odontoglossum Gatton Princess.

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green.(gr. Mr. Shill), sent
fine forms of Leliocattleya Schroederze and Cypripedium Eurybiades.

At the Meeting held on January 27th, there was again a fine display,
and the awards consisted of six Medals, two Awards of Merit, and one
Cultural Commendation.

Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair), J.
O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, C. J. Lucas, Arthur Dye, J. Wilson Potter,
-G. Wilson, R. A. Rolfe, Stuart H. Low, W. J. Kaye, F. J. Hanbury, F. K.-
Sander, T. Armstrong, A. McBean, J. Cypher, J. Charlesworth, W. H.
Hatcher, J. E. Shill, S. W. Flory, W. H. White, Walter Cobb, C. H.
Curtis, R. G. Thwaites, and R. Brooman White.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

CATTLEYA Mrs. JAMES Watson, THE DELL var. (Maggie-Raphael alba
X Trianz).—A handsome variety, having broad, white sepals and petals,
the latter somewhat undulate at the margin, and the lip rose purple, with
some yellow veining on the disc. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schroder,
The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill).

CYMBIDIUM ALBANENSE JOICEY’s VAR. (erythrostylum x insigne).—A
fine variety, bearing a spike of large blush-pink flowers, with lines of claret-
red blotches on the lip. Exhibited by J. Joicey, Esq., Witley, Surrey (gr-
Mr. J. Mackay).

CULTURAL COMMENDATION.
Oncipiopa CooKsoniz.—To Mr. Farnes, Orchid grower to Pantia Ralli,

gear

Mar.-APRIL, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 53

Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey, for a well-grown plant, bearing a fine spike of
orange-red flowers, and making a very effective display.
SILVER-GILT FLORA MEDAL. i

To Messrs Armstrong and Brown, Tunbridge Wells, for a brilliant group,
including numerous good Cattleyas, Cypripediums, Odontiodas and Odonto-
glossums, the centre being occupied by a fine typical O. crispum bearing a
branched spike of forty-one flowers. Among numerous blotched forms was
0. Horatio (Menier X Rex), a fine thing, white with claret-red blotches at
the base of the segments. We noted also two well-bloomed plants of the
pretty little Epidendrum polybulbon, Cypripedium Thalia, C. Maudie, and
C. Venus Orchidhurst var., a series of the charming Cattleya Maggie-
Raphael alba, and others.

SILVER FLORA MEDALS.

To Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, for a choice group,
including many fine Odontiodas and Odontoglossums, . Brassocattleya
Sofrano (Bc. Leemaniw X C. iridescens), a deep yellow flower of good
shape, Bc. Beaumont (C. Empress Frederick X Be. Cliftonii), the brilliant
Sophrocatlelia Isabella, deep red and blackish brown forms of Odontioda
Brackenhurst, Odontonia Magali-Sander var. xanthina with a very fine
panicle, Dendrobium Jamesianum, Lelia anceps, Odontoglossum Ceres
magnificum, Odontioda Beryl (Odm. eximium X Oda. Wilsonii), and others.

To Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, for a fine group of Cymbidiums,
including well-bloomed examples of C. Alexanderi, Capella, Moira, Sybil
and Castor, and making a fine display.

To Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, for a fine group, including
Leliocattleya Goldfinch, St. Gothard and Orion, Cattleya O’Brieniana alba,
C. Leander, Gomeza crispa, Cypripedium Boltonii, Lelia anceps, and many
other good things.

SILVER BANKSIAN MEDALS.

To Messrs. J: Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for a group of choice
Cypripediums, noteworthy among them being C. Arthurianum var. Sandere
_ with three yellow flowers, C. Prince of Asturias, with purple spots on the
broad, white dorsal sepal, C. Alcibiades magnificum, C. Eurybiades
splendens, C. Ernest Read, C. Thompsonii and others, the plants being
finely grown and well-bloomed.

To Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, for a good group, including the rare
Arachnanthe Clarkei, a good Miltonia Bleuana, Ccelogyne intermedia,
Odontioda Bradshawiz, and a few good Cypripediums.

OTHER EXHIBITS.

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. J. Collier), showed
Brassocattleya Gatton-Lily var. majestica, a charming white form, and
Odontioda Thwaitesiz. :

54 THE ORCHID REVIEW. — [Mar.-ApRIL, 1920+

G. W. Bird, Esq., Manor House, West Wickham (gr. Mr. Redden),

sent Brassocattleya Helen (Bc. Marie xX C. Fabia), a rosy-mauve hybrid.

_ W.R. Fasey, Esq., The Oaks, Holly Bush Hill, Snaresbrook (gr. Mr.
E. J. Seymour) sent a fine scarlet form of Odontioda Cooksoniz.

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton (gr. Mr. Taylor), sent
Sophrocattleya Santa-Fé (C. Rhoda xX. Sc. Doris), with two orange-red
flowers, Leliocattleya Buenos-Aires, and Odontoglossum San-Juan (Doris
> Lambeauianum) a richly-coloured hybrid.

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan), showed
Odontoglossum Dircimium (Dirce X eximium), dark claret red with white
tips. : ; :

_ At the meeting held on February roth there was a very fine display of
Orchids, and the awards consisted of two First-class Certificates, two
Awards of Merit, three Cultural Commendation and eight medals.

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the Chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), J: Wilson, A. Dye, W. Bolton, C. J. Lucas, W. H.
White, R. A. Rolfe, R. G. Thwaites, A. McBean, F. J. Hanbury, J-
Charlesworth, J. Cypher, J. E. Shill, H. G. Alexander, F. K. Sander,
S. W. Flory, Sir Harry J. Veitch, R. Brooman White and C. H. Curtis.

First-CLass CERTIFICATES.

CYPRIPEDIUM MEMORIA F. M. OcILviE (Curtmannii X Pyramus).—A
very fine hybrid, having a large white dorsal sepal, with light green base and
numerous large purple spots allover, and the very broad petals and lip
yellow marked with mahogany brown markings, thus recalling C. Beeck-
mannii in the latter respect. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.

OpONTONIA PiTTI# (M. Bleuana Pitt’s var. x O. Harryanum magnifi-
cum).—An altogether remarkable hybrid, recalling a large Warscewiczella in
general character. The flower most resembles the Miltonia parent in shape,
and the segments are broad, and violet blue in colour, with some yellowish
markings at the base. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. This
fine acquisition is figured at page 41.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPO-SOLON.—A striking hybrid, the greater part of
the segments heavily blotched with claret on a white ground. The spike
bore eight fine flowers. Exhibited by H. T. Pitt, Esq.

OponTocLossum DoroTHy ARKLE.—A handsome hybrid, with large
and finely-shaped flowers, densely blotched with claret red on a light
ground. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.

CULTURAL COMMENDATIONS. ~

To Mr. Farnes, Orchid grower to Pantia Ralli, Esq., for a fine specimen

of Cymbidium Gottianum ; to Mr. Gillett, gardener to Col. Stephenson

Mar.-APRIL, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 55

Clarke, C.B., for a well grown Lycaste Balliz with nine large claret-red
flowers; and to Messrs. J. & S. McBean, for a finely-bloomed plant of
the scarlet Odontioda Bradshawiz var. Olympus.

SILVER-GILT FLORA MEDALS.

To Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, for a very fine group of
Odontoglossums, Cattleyas, Leliocattleyas, Cymbidiums, and others,
noteworthy among them being the beautiful Leliocattleya Linda, Sophro-
catlelia Olive, Odontoglossum armainvillierense xanthotes, some well-
grown O. crispum, Odontioda Diana, Oncidium McBeanianum, and other
good things.

To Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, for a large and excellent
group of Cattleyas, Lzliocattleyas, Odontoglossums, etc., noteworthy
exhibits. being the rare Helcia sanguinolenta, Odontoglossum Rossiane,
Oncidium cucullatum, O. splendidum, the striking Lowiara insignis, and
several other brilliant Sophronitis crosses.

SitveR FLora MEDAL.

To H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood) for an
interesting group, including the brilliant Lycaste Balliz, Miltonia St. Andre,
Lycaste Skinneri alba, Masdevallia Hinksiana, and the tiny M. similis,
Odontoglossum cirrhosum, the rare Eulophia gracilis, a few iy sa remo
and others.

To Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, for an excellent
group, including Brassolelia Billingtonii (Bl. Gratrixie x B. Digbyana),
a buff-yellow flower, with well-fringed lip, Brassocattleya Andre Maron,
and a beautiful series of Cattleyas, Leliocattleyas, Odontiodas and
Odontoglossums. :

SILVER BANKSIAN MEDALS.

To Col. Cary Batten, Abbots Leigh, Bristol, for a fine group of Cypri-
pediums, including C. Niobe, C. smaragdinum, C. insigne Sandere, C.
Olivia, C. Col. Cary Batten, and other interesting things.

Messrs. James Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for a small group of choice
Cypripediums, with well-bloomed examples of Sophronitis grandiflora,
Odontiodas and a few other good things.

To Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, for a smail group of hybrid Orchids,
in which we noted a fine example of Cattleya Enid, the brilliant Sophro-
catlelia Floryi, Sophrocattleya Saxa, and several unnamed blotched
Odontoglossums.

To Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, for an interesting group, including
Cattleya Empress-Frederick Sanders’ var., a beautiful thing with white
sepals and petals, Brassocattleya Maronie, Cymbidiums Albatross and
Gottianum, the rare Mormolyce lineolata, and a few ——— of the
popular winter-blooming section.

56 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Mar.-APRIL, 1920.

OTHER EXHIBITS.

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton (gr. Mr. Taylor), showed
Leliocattleya Linda var. Roehampton (C. Dowiana X Lc. Arachne), a fine
- variety, with salmon-coloured sepals and petals, and a violet-crimson lip.

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Gover), staged
an interesting little group, including Sophrocattleya Ramilles, Odontioda
Elizabeth (Thwaitesii x Bradshawize), most like the latter in colour.
‘Odontoglossum harvengtense, and a few others.

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, sent a few interesting
things, including Odontoglossum Model (Aglaon X promerens), a very
round flower, blotched with claret-red on a white ground, O. Violetta
«Doris x Armstrongiz), a well-shaped violet-rose flower, O. Robin-Hood
(Mars x illustrissimum), a dark, claret-red flower of excellent shape.

At the Meeting held on February 28th, the display of Orchids was again
good, and the awards consisted of one First-class Certificate, two Awards of
Merit, and six Medals, one being a Lindley Medal for progress.

Orchid Committee present : Sir Jeremiah Coleman, Bart. (in the chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, W. Bolton, Arthur Dye,
R. A. Rolfe, W. H. White, R. Brooman White, A. McBean, S. W. Flory,
W. Hy Hatcher, F. K. ‘Sander, J. E. Shill, C. J. Lucas,;-E. R. Ashtons
‘Walter Cobb, T. Armstrong, W. J. Kaye, and J. Charlesworth.

The Chairman called the attention of the Committee to the well-deserved
Belgian Honour accorded to Sir. Harry J. Veitch, and also to his election
as a Vice-President of the Royal Horticultural Society, a distinction that
would not deprive the Orchid Committee of his valued services. The
heartiest congratulations of the Committee was expressed.

First-CLass CERTIFICATE.

MILTONIA BLEUANA PRINCEss ELIZABETH (vexillaria x Roezlii).—An
exceptionally fine variety, having large blush-white flowers, with the
greater part of the petals rose, and a rayed, reddish-orange blotch at the
base of the lip. Exhibited by M. Firmin Lambeau, Brussels. (gr. M. E. de
Munter). A Silver-gilt Medal was also awarded to this handsome plant.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CONQUEROR FAsEy’s var. (illustrissimum X crispum).
—A well-shaped variety, having the flowers heavily blotched with claret on
a white ground, and the lip white with claret-red blotches round the yellow
crest. Exhibited by W. R. Fasey, Esq., Holly Bush Hill, Snaresbrook
(gr. Mr. Seymour).

OponToGcLossum Henry VIII. ieelon x Aglaon).—A well-shaped,
claret-red flower, with a few intersecting white lines and a narrow white
margin. Exhibited by W. R. Fasey, Esq.

Mar.-APRIL, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 57

SILVER-GILT FLoRA MEDAL.

To Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, for a very fine
group, largely made up of Odontoglossums and Odontiodas, with Dendro-
bium nobile virginale, D. n. Sir F. W. Moore, an exceptionally fine
seedling type; several good Leeliocattleyas, Bulbophyllum Medusz, Epiden-
drum polybulbon, Cypripedium callosum Sandere, C. Venus Orchidhurst
var., a pretty hybrid from Cattleya Freya x Sophrocattleya Chamberlainii,
with brightly-coloured flowers, and various other good things, the plants
generally showing excellent culture.

SILVER FLora MEDALS.

To Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, for a fine group nad
Odontoglossums, Odontiodas and others, those specially noted being the
light yellow Odontonia Magali-Sander xanthotes, Odontioda Nada (Oda.
Red Cross X Odm. eximium), O. Lyra (Odm. Jasper X Oda. Royal Gem)
with fifteen ruby red flowers, Cochlioda miniata, Brassocatlelia Joan, and
a charming primrose yellow Leliocattleya, derived from Cattleya
Schroeder alba crossed with the hybrid Le. Lydia xX Myra, which should
develop into a good thing when the plant becomes stronger.

To Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, for a large and excellent
group, including the rare Odontoglossum Rossii immaculatum, a good
©. Rolfez, some brilliant Odontiodas, two well-bloomed examples of
Sophrolelia Marriottiana, a pretty Sophrocatlelia from Lc. Mercia and
Sc. Saxa, the rare Dendrobium Vannerianum, etc., etc., the whole making
a very bright display.

To Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, for a group of well-grown
Odontoglossums, Odontiodas, and Leliocattleyas, etc., noteworthy among
them being the chaste Cattleya Cowaniz alba, Brassocattleya Bianca, a
bright scarlet Odontioda Cooksoniz, Lzliocattleya Arcturus, and a nearly
unspotted Odontoglossum armainvillierense.

SILVER BANKSIAN MEDAL.

To Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, for a pretty group of Odontiodas
and Odontoglossums, with Cattleya Douai, C. Suzanne Hye,. and Sophro-
cattleya Venus. 2

OTHER EXHIBITs.

Sir Mervyn E. M. Buller, Broomhill, Spratton, Northampton (gr. Mr. C.
Kench), sent Cattleya Clotho splendens, rose with the front of the lip
violet-crimson.

Sir Jeremiah Colina, Bart., Gatton Park, sent: Caldgyne gattonensis
(speciosa X Sanderz), most like the latter, also well-bloomed plants of the
Australian Sarcochilus Fitzgeraldii and S. Hartmanni.

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashstead Park (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent Se
eximium var. Arghiro, heavily blotched with claret-red.

58 THE ORCHID REVIEW. = [Mar-Aprit, 1920. —

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.

A meeting was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on January 5th,
1920, when the members of Committee present were: The Kev. J
Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, A. Burns, A.
Coningsby, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, iF
Howes, A. Keeling, J. McNab, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, E. Tack, J.
Thrower, E. W. Thompson, and H. Arthur (Secretary).

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.

Leliocattleya Firminii (Lc. Ceres X C. Dowiana aurea), and Cypriped-
ium Prince Albert (Tommy Curte x Hera-Mostyn magnifica), from S.
Gratrix, Esq.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Cypripedium Cyclops West Point var, C. Joy Sander, C. Rheims
Invicta (Mrs. Mostyn x. Van Dyke), Cattleya Victory, and Odontoglossum,
amabile Alpha, from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Lycaste Skinneri vars. Fairy and Rosy Morn from Mrs. Gratrix.

Cypripedium Sadie (Euryades New Hall Hey var. X Draco), and C.
Actzus Lady Greensleeves, from Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley.

Cypripedium Cavalier var. swintonense, from B. J. Beckton. Esq.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES.

To Mr. A. Burns for Lelia Gouldiana, Calanthes, and Cypripedium

Minos Youngii.

BOTANICAL CERTIFICATE,

Masdevallia gigantea, from Mrs. Gratrix.

A Gold Medal was awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr.
J. Howes), for a magnificent group of winter-blooming Orchids, in which
Cypripediums were particularly well represented, with a few other of the
leading genera. Among certificated Orchids may be mentioned the hand-
some Lzliocattleya Firminii, which gained both a First-class Certificate
and a Silver Medal.

A large Silver Medal was awarded to Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley,
Bury (gr. Mr. A. Burns), for a fine group, made up of well-bloomed Lelia
Gouldiana, Calanthes in variety, and a number of choice Cypripediums.
The group was further distinguished by the award of three Cultural
Certificates.

Interesting exhibits were staged by Mrs. Gratrix, Whalley Range (gr. Mr.
J. Howes); B. J. Beckton, Esq., Irlams-o’th-Height (gr. Mr. W. A.
Stewart); the Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors (gr. Mr. E.
Marshail) ; and Mr. D. McLeod, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, the latter including
a promising seedling from Cypripedium insigne Harefield Hall var. and C.
Helen II. Mr. Crombleholme’s group consisted of cut blooms of home-
raised Cypripediums.

Mar.-APRIL, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 59

At the meeting held on January 22nd the members of Committee
present were:—The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R.
Ashworth, A. Burns, A. Coningsby, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Howes,
A. Keeling, D. McLeod, W. Pickup, W. Shackleton, E. Tack, EE. W;
Thompson, and H. Arthur (Secretary).

First-Ciass CERTIFICATES.

Leliocattleya Schroeder Our Queen (Lc. bella alba x C. Maggie
Raphael alba), Cypripedium memoria F. M. Ogilvie (Curtmannii magnifi-
cum X Pyramus), from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Cypripedium Olympus var. The Chairman (Leeanum Clinkaberryanum
X Alcibiades), from B. J. Beckton, Esq.

Sophrocattleya Saxa var. flammea (S. grandiflora x C. Triane), from
P. Smith, Esq.

Cypripedium Euryades Carter Place var., from T. Worsley, Esq.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Cypripedium Elise magnificum (Hermes xX Lady Dillon), and Cattleya
Mendelii Diana, from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Cypripedium Virginia (aureum virginale x Farrieanum) from Mrs.
Slingsby.

Cypripedium Glorita var. Purity (Actzeus X Golden Glory), from T.
Worsley, Esq.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. :

To Mr. Burns, for Cypripedium aureum Hyeanum, C. Lathamianum
Wrigley’s var., and C. L. magnificum.

To Mrs. Slingsby, for Cypripedium Virginia.

A Gold Medal was awarded to Wm. Pickup, Esq., Great Harwood
(gr. Mr. H. Mercer), for a large and excellent group of Cypripediums,
Odontoglossums, and other hybrids, a Silver Medal being also awarded to
the gardener for general culture. .

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley,
Bury (gr. Mr. A. Burns), for a fine group of well-grown Cypripediums,
three of which also gained Cultural Certificates.

A Silver Medal was awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham,
for a good group of Cypripediums, with examples of Sophronitis grandi-
flora, Masdevallia tovarensis, and others.

Interesting exhibits were staged by S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range
(gr. Mr. J. Howes); T. Worsley, Esq., Haslingden (gr. M. T. Wood) ;
Mrs, Slingsby, Ticton Hall, Beverley, Yorks.; P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-
Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson); B. J. Beckton, Esq., Irlams-o’th-
Height (gr. Mr. W. A. Stewart); R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr.
Hough); Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford; Mr. D. McLeod,
Chorlton-cum-Hardy ; and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford.

40 THE ORCHiD REVIEW. [Mar,.-APRIL, 1920.

At the meeting held on February 5th, the members of the Committee
present were: R. Ashworth, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. A. Burns, D. A.
Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Howes, J. McNab, D. McLeod, E. W.
Thompson, and. H. Arthur (Secretary).

First-CLass CERTIFICATES.

Cypripedium Radium (G. F. Moore punctatum X Alcibiades superbum),
a noble flower of perfect shape; dorsal sepal 3 inches across, striped with
purple, and petals finely burnished ; and Odontoglossum A. E. Thompson,
a fine form of the illustrissimum type; flowers of good size; sepals and
petals chocolate brown, white at the tips; and lip large, with front lobe
pure white; from P. Smith, Esq.

Cypripedium Astarte (Psyche x insigne Sanderz), from Mrs. Slingsby.

Cattleya Trianze Mooreana, a large flower of perfect shape; colour dark
mauve, petals heavily tipped deep magenta, and lip large, intensely dark,
with yellow throat, from S. Gratrix, Esq.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Lycaste Skinneri vars. alba Great Rex, Phoebus, and Crimson Glow ;
Odontoglossum Doris West Point var.; Cypripedium Perseus Queen
Alexandra; Dendrobium dellense; and Sophrocattleya Saxa magnifica ;
from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Lycaste Skinneri var. His Excellency, and L. cruenta Bridge Hall var.,
from Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley.

Odontoglossum crispum var. Pearl White, from P. Smith, Esq.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES.

To Mrs. Slingsby, for Cypripedium Astarte.

To Mr. J. Howes, for Dendrobiums, and Odontioda Bradshawiz Colossus.

A Gold Medal was awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr.
"J. Howes), for a magnificent group of winter-blooming Orchids, in which
were many well-grown Cypripediums, Odontoglossums, Odontiodas
Dendrobiums, Lycastes, and other good things.

Silver Medals were awarded to Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley, Bury (gr.
Mr. A. Burns), and to F. A. Hindley, Esq., Bradford, for fine groups, the
former consisting largely of Cymbidiums, Odontoglossums, varieties of
Lycaste Skinneri, Ada aurantiaca, Lelia harpophylla, and others, and the
latter of cut blooms of numerous choice Cypripediums.

Interesting exhibits were staged by P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey
{gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson) ; Mrs. Slingsby, Ticton Hall, Beverley, Yorks ;
Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham; Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate,
and Mr. D. McLeod, Chorlton-cum-Hardy.

é At the meeting held on Slices 1gth, the members of the Committee
present were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. A. Burns,

Mar.-APRIL 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 6¥

A. Coningsby, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, J. Howes,
A. Keeling, D. McLeod, J. McNab, Dr. F. T. Paul, W. Shackleton, E. W--
Thompson, and H. Arthur (Secretary).

First-CLass CERTIFICATES.

Cypripedium memoria F. M. Ogilvie var. The Premier: after the style
of a huge C. Hera-Mostyn, with heavier spottings on dorsal (3 inches
across), bolder petals (almost 2 inches in width) and richer colouring (it
differs from the F. M. Ogilvie which received the F.C.C. on January 22nd,
the latter following Mrs. Mostyn in the colouring of dorsal, having no spots,
but a suffused vinous red); a Gold Medal being also awarded; Cattleya
Snowdrop (intertexta alba x O’Brieniana alba), a large pure white flower
of perfect shape, with yellow throat; Odontoglossum crispum Wést Point
Monarch, a grand blotched form: Dendrobium Sir Frederick Moore,
resembling a very fine rich dark D. Rubens. D. Samuel Gratrix, of good
shape and substance, pale pink shading to pale yellow, with dark maroom
lip; from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Cattleya Triane The Baron, a large flower; sepals and petals very
broad and pure white, and lip large, having a pinkish tinge, sahiec!
P. Smith, Esq.

Dendrobium Schultzei, a splendid form, pure white, with green throat,
Captain W. Horridge.

AWARDS OF MERIT. 2

Dendrobium nobile Gibsonii, Odontoglossum percultum Black Knight,
Lycaste Skinneri roseo-alba, Odontoglossum crispum vars. Virgin Queen
and White Lady; from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Lycaste Skinneri ingens, from Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley.

Odontoglossum Rayonatum and a Diana Bolholt var. from.
Captain W. Horridge.

AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. © 5;

Odontoglossum ardentillus Perfection, and O. crispum Pink sicbaseres from
S. Gratrix, Esq.

Odontioda Royal Gem Bolholt var., from Captain W. Horridge.

A Gold Medal was awarded to S. Gratrix, Whalley Range (gr. Mr. J-
Howes), for another brilliant group, in which Dendrobiums in great variety,
with choice Odontoglossums, the exceptional Cypripedium memoria F. M.
Ogilvie, and others were conspicuous.

Silver "Medals were awarded to Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley, Bury (gt.
Mr. A. Burns); Capt. W. A. Horridge, Bury (gr. Mr. Coningsby); and to
Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for fine groups. ~

Interesting exhibits were staged by P. Smith Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey
(gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson), and to Sir. Herbert Leon, Bart., oe,
Park, Bucks. (gr. Mr. W. W. Field). ,

62 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Mar.-APRIL, 1920.

aR ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. iad

HE meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society for the current period

are March gth and 23rd, and April 13th and 27th, when the Orchid

Committee will meet at 11.45 a.m. There will be only one meeting at the

Royal Horticultural Hall, Westminster, during May, the date being the

11th, but the Great Spring Show at Chelsea will open on June Ist, and be
continued on the two following days.

The corresponding meetings of the Manchester and North of England
Orchid Society are fixed for March 4th and 18th, and April rst and 15th.
The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspectionfrom _
tto4p.m. The last meeting of the current session is fixed for May 6th, -
when the Annual General Meeting will be held, and the winners of the
various competitions of the session declared.

TWIN-FLOWER OF EULOPHIELLA ELISABETH#.—A twin flower of this
interesting Madagascar Orchid has been sent from the collection of H. T.
Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill, by Mr. F. W. Thurgood. The two
pedicels are fused together, but the two lips and columns are distinct and
placed side by side, while there are four petals and five sepals, one of the
latter being unusually broad, apparenting represently two confluent into one,
which would complete the number of parts, Mr. Thurgood remarks that
the flower was very attractive when at its best.

CaTTLEYA PAULINE.—This is an interesting hybrid derived from
the dwarf Cattleya Walkeriana x C. Dowiana aurea, which flowered last
autumn with Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge. - It will be interesting
to see what the plant develops into at another time of flowering.

ANTWERP FLOWER SHow.—In connection with the Antwerp
Exhibition and Olympic Games, to be inaugurated by the King and
Queen of the Belgians, a series of International Flower Shows will be held
from May to October of the present year. A great Floral Hall is being
erected in the most beautiful part of the Exhibition grounds, and this will
be surrounded by gardens typical of various nations. The Committee,
which includes horticultural experts from many countries, invites the co-
operation of British horticulturists. Full particulars can be obtained from
Mr. John Bellham, 303, High Holborn, London, W.C.1. |

ORCHID CONFERENCE AT Boston, U.S.A.—In connection with a show
of Orchids to be held at the Horticultural Hall, Boston, a Conference will
be held, the programme being as follows :—Basis of Orchid Classification,

MarR.-APRIL, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 63

by Mr. Oakes Ames; Geographical Distribution of Orchids, by Mr. E. H.
Wilson; History of Orchid Cultivation in the United States, by Mr.
W. A. Manda ; Collecting Orchids, by Mr. John E. Lager; and History of
Orchids in England, by Mr. G. I’Anson. In connection with the Show a
meeting is to be held on March 25th, to discuss the formation of an
American National Orchid Society, a movement which has been contem-
plated for a considerable time. It is hoped that the meeting will be fully
representative, and that the necessary support will be forthcoming. There
are many enthusiastic Orchidists in the States, but considerations of
distance have rather handicapped the formation of a society, as’ we learn
from an esteemed correspondent there. We hope to receive further
particulars.

CYMBIDIELLA HuMBLOTII.—It is interesting to note that a plant of this
rare Madagascar Orchid is now throwing up a good spike at Kew. It is
grown in ashallow. basket and suspended from the roof of the Nepenthes
house.

At a meeting of the Linnean Society to be held on May 6th next, at five
p-m., a paper will be read by Mr. Edward J. Bedford, on British Marsh
Orchids and their varieties, the paper being illustrated by coloured drawings
and lantern slides. 7

SOPHRONITIS CROSSES.—The object of raising Sophronitis hybrids is to
combine the brilliant scarlet colour of S. grandiflora with the larger flowers
and stronger habit of the other parent. Mr. J. M. Black, of the firm of
Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, who has had much experience
with this particular group, both there and previously when with Mr. R. G.
Thwaites, at Streatham, writes: ‘‘ We get a series of very beautiful tints in
secondary Sophronitis hybrids, but we can hardly claim to have yet produced
the scarlet Trianz or labiata. The variation in seedlings out of the same
pod is almost endless, and a curious fact about the plants is their
strength. They are slow-growing for the first few years, and then they
grow rapidly into big plants, when their quality can be fairly judged.
They will throw up flowers on plants little larger than the Sophronitis
parent, but this precocioushess should not be imposed upon, nor the results
judged too hastily. We have plants as large and as strong as the Cattleya
and Lelia parents, if not larger and stronger, and plants that have the
intention of building up a physique like this will not flower with anything
approaching their true character when very small, although the instinct to
flower is there. If the quality is there it can be brought out by good
culture, but some of them have lost a good deal of the original Sophronitis
character, and mere size and strength will not compensate for this.” We

64 THE ORCHID REVIEW, [Mar.-APRIL, 1920.

suggest that in some cases re-crossing with the original Sophronitis
grandiflora might be tried, soas to get more of the scarlet into the numerous
beautiful Sophrocatlelias now in existence.

_ CLASSIFICATION OF Hysrips.—Has any good method of classifying
hybrids been discovered? Something is badly needed to check the present
lamentable state of confusion, which is fast building a new Tower of Babel.
Why must a white Odontoglossum armainvillierense be called O. ardentis-
simum, as in some English lists, when the French name is several years
older? One does not know how to label it before exhibiting it. It is
only one of scores of differences which ought to be avoided. Some of the
differences are quite inexcusable, for there is no need for such variations as
Brassocatlelia, Brasso-Lzlio-Cattleya, and Brassoleliocattleya for the
same thing, and they are regularly appearing.—Fintente Cordiale.

CYMBIDIUM ARIEL.—A new and distinct hybrid from the collection of
G. Hamilton Smith, Esq., Leigh Woods, Bristol, the parents being C.
Veitchii x Ballianum. The flower sent, which is one of a spike of six, is
most like C. Ballianum in size and shape, and the sepals and petals are
uniformly light yellow, while there is a red-purple stain along the centre of
the lip, and on the side lobes, and a few obscure dots in front. The front
of the column is red-purple. It is the first hybrid from C. Ballianum, and
Mr. Hamilton Smith remarks that while many recent hybrids have much
in common, the present one constitutes something of a break away aS
regards colour, shape and size.

= :
Ric) ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. Peary

(Orchids are named and questions answered here as far as possible. feourees are
as: re a the native a or seg. of cai sent. An ADDRESSE ostcard must be
* 2 ost ts y

G.W.—Odontocidium Edwardatum, a hybrid between Oncidium serratum and Odonto-
glossum Edwardii, most like the former in habit and the latter in colour.

C.W.P.— —Many t thanks. N. 142 is Odontoglossum ipa orn Rchb. f., and it is
Ambereetne. to see it again from the original locality. Letter

D.—The earlier deni ossum Ernestii is from O. hctichans and O. Adrianz
(see O. Rs XV. p. 158).
tograph. received, with thanks.—Mrs. J.J.N

W.B.S.— Please se send an example of each of the oo, that grow together. Probab!

Orchis i nec isamong them. The flowers are pink, and expand a few days earlier than

a oealy to several correspondents, we have at last been able to arrange for some
binding _— but at greatly increased cost. We see no possibility of a return to pre-war
conditions at present with such an enormous increase in the cost of paper and printing, but
we suggest that the 1919 and 1920 volumes might be bound : We shall rely upon
the help and co-operation of our readers under the difficult conditi

"g

‘. ~ The Orebid Review &
Cee VoL. XXVIII. MAy-JUNE, 1920. No. 329-330. a

Bes OUR NOTE BOOK. | SS |

HE remarkable Odontonia Pittiz, figured at p. 41, affords a good
illustration of the progress that is being made in hybridisation. The
object behind the cross was to produce a hybrid better adapted to a warmer
climate than are the cool Odontoglossums, which do not succeed well in
many localities in the United States. Miltonias are Intermediate house
Orchids, in fact M. Roezlii, one of the parents of M. Bleuana, succeeds best
in a Warm house, which is probably one reason why it is so much less
grown than M. vexillaria, and is seldom seen in first-rate condition. Of
course, there are several other combinations with Miltonia which will be
available in carrying the experiment further, and among them the brilliantly-
coloured Miltonioda Harwoodii, but time alone will tell whether it is
possible to retain both the Miltonia constitution and the beautiful Odonto-
glossum blotching. Odontonia Pittia came rather as a surprise, and it is
doubtful if its parentage would have been guessed without the record, for in
shape and markings, especially of the lip, it rather recalls some big violet-
blue Warscewiczella. The shape evidently came largely from the Miltonia
parent, as may be seen on comparison with a figure of that given at p. 81,
but the colour and markings came from Odontoglossum Harryanum, which
has yielded some remarkable developments at the hands of the hybridist.
It will be interesting to see what the plant develops into when it becomes
Stronger.

Hybridisation among Orchids is making enormous strides, and in several
groups is progressive in the best sense of the word. One contributory cause
of this is that the hybrids themselves are fertile, with comparatively few
exceptions, and no sooner is some good hybrid raised than it is again
pressed into the service, and becomes the progenitor of further improve-
ments. Ot late years this has been especially the case with Odontoglossum
and Odontioda, which are witnessing some remarkable developments, in
spite of the difficulty still found in germinating the seed. The Cattleya
group is also being improved in a remarkable way. Albino Cattleyas,

85

66 THE ORCHID REVIEW. |May-JUNE, 1920.

purple and yellow Leliocattleyas, the fringed Brassocattleyas and Brasso-
catlelias, and the rich scarlet colour of Sophronitis grandiflora which is
carried on in the Sophrocattleyas and Sophrocatlelias are all evidence of the
march of progress. It will be a long time before Orchid culture languishes
through stagnation.

In spite of the War and the continued abnormal conditions, the work of
hybridising has been carried on, and in many establishments there are
numerous batches of choice seedlings which are gradually progressing
towards the flowering stage, and producing something of note at almost
every horticultural meeting. 1t will be interesting to see what our next
great meeting at Chelsea will be like, and with fine weather a brilliant
Show may almost certainly be expected.

THE British MarsH Orcuips.—At the meeting of the Linnean Society
held on May 6th, Mr. Edward J. Bedford showed a series of thirty exquisite
Water-colour drawings from British Marsh Orchids, with their numerous
varieties and hybrids, further illustrated by 70 lantern slides from his
photographs of the growing plants in sitw, with enlarged views of the lip,
front and side view. Mr. T. A. Dymes also exhibited a series of seed
capsules, remarking on the characters afforded by the fruit and seeds. As
we have several correspondents who are interested in this group, and the
plants will again be in bloom, we hope to receive examples of the rarer
kinds, and especially the hybrids, with notes of any that grow intermixed.
On looking over the plants on the Kew rockwork we note that one of the
plants brought from West Drayton is throwing upa spike, also the two
hybrids from O. foliosa and O. maculata, while that between O. latifolia and
O. maculata, with O. latifolia Glasnevin var. and the Madeiran O. foliosa,
all promise to make a fine show. The five plants of Orchicceloglossum
‘mixtum are all producing spikes, and it is interesting to note that in this
stage all are strongly spotted with brown, thus removing any element of
doubt about Orchis maculata being one of the parents. The spots become
more obscure by the time the flowers are expanded. Our own little collec-
tion has eight plants in spike from different sources with clear green leaves,
these in one case being very narrow, with several O. maculata from two
localities and examples of O. foliosa. Some notes will appear later; our
desire now is to call attention to the subject in time for the present season.

MICROSTYLIS CALOPHYLLA, Rchb. f.—This pretty variegated-leaved
Orchid has again appeared in cultivation, a Microstylis sent to Kew from
the Singapore Botanic Garden, by Mr. I. H. Burkill, having just flowered,
proving identical with the one described by Reichenbach over forty years
ago (Gard. Chron., 1879, ii. p. 718). The author then remarked: “ This is

May-JuNr, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 67

avery pretty foliaged plant, lately introduced, as it would appear, from
Dutch India. It was exhibited at Amsterdam in April, 1877, by Messrs.
Groenewegen, in beautiful condition. Then it appeared with Messrs.
Makoy, Veitch, Bull (I name in order as I received specimens).”
Fortunately, Mr. J. Day made a painting (Orch. Draw., xxvii. t. 7). The
date was August I, 1880, and it is recorded as received from Mr. Bull, who
imported it from Java or some other Malayan Island. With this drawing
the Kew plant is identical. It is suspected to have come from some locality
in the Malay Peninsula. Mr. Ridley (F/. Mal. Penins., i. p. 13) records it
from the Penang Rifle Range (Curtis), also from Pegu and Siam. The
Pegu plant, however, belongs to the allied M. Scottii, Hook. f. (Bot. Mag.,
t. 7268), which Mr. Ridley makes synonymous. There is also a record of M.
calophylla as collected at Penokok, Kinabalu, at 3000 feet altitude, by Dr.
Haviland (Journ. Linn. Soc., xxxi. p. 263), but this we have not seen, a
remark which also applies to the Siam plant. Reichenbach gave no locality.
The leaves of M. calophylla are sienna brown, witha broad silver grey band
near the margin, on which are numerous brown dots. The lip of the
flowers is light green, with a bidentate apex and a pair of long basal auricles.
A second species which came with the above has purple leaves, but its

identity is uncertain until it blooms.—R.A.R.
aes;

LEFT Panama City, accompanied by my friend, Mr. A. A. Hunter, of
Balboa, on the Cattle Ship ‘‘ David,” for the port of Pedrigal—the
entreport of David, capital of the Province (State) of Chiriqui, Panama, the
object being to collect Orchids. We were compelled to go by cattle ship,
because the passenger ship on this run was sold to the French Government
during the war. It was used by them for a transport, and has not yet been
replaced by another. After 24 days of uncomfortable travel, we arrived at
Pedrigal, aud from there we went by rail over a narrow guage railroad—
which has deteriorated almost out of existence for want of business during
the war, and has not yet been repaired—to Boquette, at 3,500 feet elevation.
This road is built on a grade of a little over 100 feet to the mile, and our
travel was not very rapid. An amusing incident occurred on this trip. At
abaut 3000 feet elevation, while passing over the plains, we saw Hexisia
bidentata in full flower everywhere on scrub trees out in the full sun. A
magnificent bunch evoked my unbounded admiration, and my friend, Mr.
Hunter, jumped from the train, ran out to the tree, got the bunch, and
_ Caught up with the train again. This will give you some idea of our speed.
Arriving at Boquette, we took horses and went to Lino (elevation 4000

Be NOTES ON A TRIP TO CHIRIQUI.

68 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May-June 1920.

feet by the Aerenometer), on the banks of the Caldera River, where we
made our headquarters. From there, riding or walking the hills and valleys
in all directions, we covered the territory selected for exploration. I
suspect that Lino is the spot Warscewicz made his headquarters, as it is
the only place on the Caldera river at 4000 feet elevation. Not many
plants were in flower while I was there, many having flowered out, and
many were in flower spike, but not fully developed.

Having before me the list from the Biologia Centrali-A mericana, which
you kindly sent me, I can say that Warscewicz did not get one-third of the
Orchid flora of Chiriqui. A peculiar condition seems to maintain there—
every hill, valley or river bank seems to have its own series of plants,
distinct from the others, though, of course, some were found universally.
I procured many handsome plants which I did not possess before—I cannot
yet say how many, but estimate them at some 50 or more—and I believe
that I have now procured most of these listed by Warscewicz, and many
more. I brought back with me eleven crates ot plants, and have been very
busy staging them. From these you will ultimately receive botanical
specimens as they come into flower.—C. W. PowELt, Balboa, Canal Zone,
Panama, March, 1920.

Six interesting views are enclosed by Mr. Powell, Bouquette Village, at
4000 feet elevation, pleasantly situated in the Bouquette Valley, through
which the Caldera River runs; a native hut with eight residents; a view
overlooking Bouquette Valley from Lino Rock, a bare pinnacle of rock, on
top of one of the hills; looking towards Chiriqui from Lino; Narajos
Valley—this and the last showing the Log Slide, 4500 feet, and Chiriqui
Volcano in the distance; and Narajos and Lino from Log Slide, with
scattered farm houses. They give a graphic idea of the locality, and show
the Chiriqui Volcano, estimated at 12,000 feet altitude, as the highest peak
of a long mountain range.

The list of Panama Orchids mentioned above contains 104 species.
It was based chiefiy on Reichenbach’s earlier Orchidez Warscewicziane,
the exclusion of a few non-Panama species being about balanced by
subsequent additions. From an introductory note we learn that
*Orchidez are plentiful in the vicinity of the rivers, where the trees are
literally loaded with them. The vanilla climbs in abundance up the stems
of young trees, and often increases so much in weight as to cause the
downfall of its supporters.”

As to Warscewicz’s localities, we should judge that he collected up to
near the summit of Chiriqui, for altitudes are cited from 1000 right up to
10,000 feet, though few other details are given. When the plants
mentioned by Mr. Powell have been worked up we anticipate some
interesting additions to the flora.

May-JUNK, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 69

Fees | ORCHIDS AT LANGLEY, SLOUGH. |2oa%

T is now over six years since the old-established Orchid Nursery of
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, situated at Langley, Slough, was taken
over by Messrs. Flory & Black, and the other day we had the opportunity of
renewing an earlier acquaintance. It is the lineal descendant of the famous
old Chelsea establishment, the Orchid hybrids having been transferred to
Langley about a quarter of a century ago in order to escape from the too-
prevalent London fogs. We remember it when there were only three
houses, which grew into four, and ultimately to eight, which are filled with

a large stock of choice hybrids in every stage of development, room being
also found for a few interesting species. Messrs. Flory & Black specialise
in Cattleyas, Brassocattleyas, and the numerous Sophronitis hybrids, of all
of which there is a very fine stock. There are also many Leliocattleyas,
Odontoglossums, and Odontiodas, with a few Cypripediums, Disas, and
others, the main object of the establishment being the improvement of the
races of garden hybrids.

The first house visited was mainly devoted to Cattleyas and Brasso-
cattleyas, mostly of flowering size, with a few in bloom, among the latter
being plants of the brilliant C. Empress Frederick, and the white C.
Mossiz Wageneri intertexta, and C. Dusseldorfii Undine xX Mossiz
Wageneri in several examples. Much attention is being paid to albino
forms, and we noted a promising batch of C. Dusseldorfii Undine X
Warscewiczii alba F. Lambeau, one of which flowered last year and was
called C. The Bride. As showing work on definite lines we may mention
C. Hardyana alba X Dowiana aurea, and Brassocattleya Ilene X_ C.
Dowiana aurea, one of which, Bc. Rosita, has already flowered. A batch
between two certificated varieties of Cattleya Tityus, Rex and Blenheim
var., was specially interesting, because the cross practically fulfils the
conditions necessary for a self-fertilised hybrid. C. Tityus is from C.
Enid (Mossie x Warscewiczii), and C. Octave-Doin (Dowiana x
Mendelii), and thus is made up of the four fine species mentioned. The two
varieties crossed came out of the same seed pod, so that no new factor is
introduced, and it would be extremely interesting to record the character of
all the seedlings as they bloom, so as to show the amount of variation and
reversion. We saw a painting of each parent, and may note that Rex has
very broad segments, and a large clear yellow disc with the eye-like
blotches of C. Warscewiczii, while Blenheim var. has narrower more curved
petals, and a much-veined disc to the lip, as in C. Mossiz. There is a fine
batch of seedlings from the cross.

7° THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May-JUNE, 1920.

The next house was devoted to Sophronitis hybrids, a most remarkable
lot in every respect, and some as strong as the Cattleya parent. Several
very interesting crosses were pointed out, among them Cattleya Dowiana
aurea X Sophrocattleya Saxa, and Sophrocattleya Doris x C. Dowiana
aurea, which latter gives Sc. Dorea. Of Brassocattleya x Sophrocattleya
some very vigorous plants were noticed, one of which, Rolfeara Ceres,
has already been exhibited. A good plant of Sc. warnhamensis was very
noticeable, being much like a dwarfed C. amethystoglossa (one of the
parents) in habit. Two brightly-coloured things were in bloom, with two
and three flowers, but we omitted the name. A long list of crosses might
be enumerated did space permit, but one thing which we ascertained is that
no re-cross with Sophronitis grandiflora has ever been made. Such a cross
should be extremely promising if a hybrid of good constitution with plenty
of scarlet in the flower were selected. Instances were pointed out of the
seedlings remaining small for some time and then throwing up strong bulbs
as they approach flowering size, and it was remarked that the proportion of
really good things is rather small, averaging perhaps one in six.

We now came toa house of smaller seedlings, in fact we saw every stage
upwards from the tiny green globules, stranded, as it were, in the cavities
of the canvas on which they are sown, a sight which recalled our first visit
to Chelsea, over thirty years ago, when we made Mr. Seden’s acquaintance.
We noted sturdy little batches of Cattleyas and Cypripediums, and remarked
on the amount of space they would require as they reached flowering size
—always a problem where much hybridising is carried on. Among other
promising seedlings we noted batches of C. Suzanne-Hye x Warscewiczii
alba F. Lambeau, the clear green colour denoting the albinism; C. Mossie
Wageneri, C. GEnone alba, and C. Suzanne Hye, all three crossed with the
white C. Lueddemanniana Empress, C. Rhoda x triumphans, C. Tityus X
Mendelii, C. Fabia xX Brassocattleya Leemanie (— Bc. Dietrichiana)
Leliocattleya Thyone x C. Dowiana aurea, Le. Soulange x C. Rhoda, Le.
luminosa X Sophronitis grandiflora, and numerous other choice crosses in
various stages of development, and all in excellent health.

Passing into another house we noted plants of Cypripedium Venus and
various others, though not now in bloom, with a few Dendrobiums, and a
lot of Cattleyas of flowering size, among them a number of whites. Those
in bloom included the'fine Cattleya Empress-Frederick, C. Magali-Sander
(Mossiz Wageneri Xx Dusseldorfii Undine), a charming albino, and Le.
Ceres X C. Fabia. Those in bud and sheath must be passed over, and
doubtless some of them will appear at the R.H.S. coming Spring Show. A
batch from C. Dowiana aurea X Lc. luminosa aurea should prove good.

In the Cool house a good number of Odontoglossums and Odontiodas
were in bloom, with many others in spike, among the former being one

May-JUNE, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 7¥

called O. crispum nigrescens, of the Black Prince type, several of them in
bud being easily picked out by their dark colour. Unfortunately the origin
is uncertain, as the seed parent was purchased as a plant of unknown
parentage, but in two that were expanded the influence of O. Hunne-
wellianum could be traced, probably through some form of O. Adriane.
O. Rolfeze xX Hunnewellianum was also pointed out, being a spike of light
yellow flowers blotched with brown. The seedlings were an interesting lot,.
and persevering efforts have been made for a long time to get over the
difficulty of raising them with certainty, though with the common experience
of only partial success. Some were germinating on the compost of the
parent plants, and there were tiny globules in various stages, though others.
had made no progress. We were also shown a number of glass tubes which
had been prepared and sterilised after the approved methods, but the seeds.
did not germinate after sowing, so that the old method was the most
‘successful. Other seedlings had been pricked off and were in various stages
up to flowering size. The Disas were an interesting lot, and we saw an
example of D. Italia with four flowers, anda good batch of seedlings
obtained from this Disa recrossed with D. grandiflora, the attempt to obtain
a plant with the vigour of D. Luna and the colour of D. grandiflora having
been carried forward another stage. Disas were thriving well at one end of
~ the Odontoglossum house, and D. Luna was in bud. D. sagittalis grows
very freely here, and there were over a dozen spikes of its pretty white
flowers. An interesting little Japanese Orchid was pointed out which we
have not previously seen alive, namely Gymnadenia rupestris, of which there
were several spikes, and the Orchis-like, lilac flowers just beginning to open.

The remaining houses were filled with growing stock, largely hybrids of
the Cattleya group, in the most robust health, and a good number were
showing for flower, with a few already expanded. Among the latter were
examples of the richly-coloured Lzliocattleya Dominiana, Lc. H..T.. Pitt
(Le. bella x C. Enid), a very showy hybrid, Lc. Aphrodite, C. Suzanne
Hye, examples of Maxillaria Sanderiana, Pleurothallis Birchenallii, near
P. scapha: but darker in colour, Masdevallia calura and O’Brieniana, and
other interesting things.

The plants are grown on open stages, with leaf mould and other
moisture-retaining materials on a solid stage beneath, and the whole stock
is clean and in excellent condition. It is interesting-to record that there is
no scale in the nursery, and this is necessarily accompanied by the
condition that any new plants have to undergo a period of quarantine to
prevent the re-introduction of the pest. Messrs. Flory & Black must be
congratulated on the excellent condition of the plants generally, and on the
efforts they are making to maintain the reputation of this pioneer establish-
ment. The work is being continued on progressive lines, and the constant

72 THE: ORCHID. REVIEW. ‘[May-JUNE, 1920.

care taken in the selection of parents is sure to be followed by a crop of
good results. There are several experiments in progress which we shall
watch with interest, in addition to those mentioned, the results of which we
hope to be able to record in the future.

GENERIC HyBRIDS THIRTY-THREE YEARS AGO.— When turning over the
pages of an old volume the writer came across the following, which may be
of interest, for the remarks are still as appropriate as when written.—G.S.

BiGENERIC OrcHiD Hysrips AT THE LiNNEAN SocrETy.—The results
of hybridisation in this Order have been so remarkable that it was not likely
they would long escape attention from a scientific standpoint. A paper on
the subject was read at the meeting of the Linnean Society on May 5th by
Mr. R. A. Rolfe, A.L.S., of the Kew Herbarium. The author treated the
subject chiefly with reference to its bearing upon classification, and with
regard to hybrids generally came to the following conclusions: (1) Hybrid-
isation may take place not only between distinct species, but also between
distinct genera ; or between plants so structurally different as to be usually
regarded as such. (2) These hybrids are generally of artificial origin, or
accidentally produced, and cannot be treated in the scheme of classification
either as natural varieties, species, or genera. (3) The possibility of hybrid-
isation taking place between species hitherto considered distinct does not
necessarily prove them to be merely forms of the same species. (4) The
occurrence of a hybrid between two structurally different genera does not
prove the necessity of uniting them in one; nor can such hybrids be
arbitrarily referred to either of the two parent genera. (5) Species, and
genera too, will always have to be dealt with in the scheme of classification
according to their structural peculiarities and differences, without reference
to the possibility of hybridisation taking place between them. After showing

bigeneric hybrids to be always more or less intermediate between the two.

parents, the author recommended that the plan advocated in these columns
(1872, p. 358), of compounding a name from those of the two parent genera,
should always be adopted. He then proceeded to deal with existing
bigeneric Orchid hybrids on these lines, proposing Phaiocalanthe, Ancecto-
goodyera, Lzliocattleya, Sophrocattleya, and Zygocolax. The paper was
illustrated by a number of interesting specimens from the Nursery of Messrs.
James Veitch & Sons, and from Kew.—G.C., 1887, i. p. 646.

We had forgotten the note, and it is interesting to find the names given
in their original form, without a hyphen and a second capital, the latter an
innovation that is now discountenanced by the rules. Instead of Ancecto-
goodyera, however, one must read Ancectomaria, Dossinimaria and Maco-
maria, and the slip probably arose from the fact that the original records are
under Ancectochilus and Goodyera.—Ep.

May-JUNE, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW: 73

dx ODONTOGLOSSUM SCOTTIANUM VAR. MOGUL. |
ACA Oey |

| ee the numerous brilliant Odontoglossums which have appeared

during recent years, O. Scottianum var. Mogul, the one here figured,
occupies a leading place. It was derived from O. oakwoodiense x O.
armainviilierense, and was awarded a First-class Certificate by the R.H.S.
in April, 1914, when exhibited by Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.O.,
Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander). There isa little uncertainty about
the origin of O. oakwoodiense, but it is believed to be either a form of O.

|

|
|

|

|
|

Sok

|
|
|

|

Fig. 8. OpboNToGLOssuM SCOTTIANUM VAR. MOGUL.

Wilckeanum ora hvbrid from it, but the cross with O. armainvillierense

produced the most remarkable variation, as we saw in the origina] batch at

% ; 3 . : . Dy ¢ aia Nees

Messrs. Charlesworth’s. Some were like spotted O. armainvillierense, some
like plain O. Pescatorei, one strongly recalled a good white O. c
1ers showed the iufluence of O. luteopurpureum, both in the ye
The present one has most of the

bonged

and ot
ground colour and the brown markings.
armainvillierense shape, with a clear white ground colour, which forms a

claret-purple blotch which occupies each

broad margin round the solid
effect. The influence of O. Pescatorel Is

segment, giving a very striking
ve : ai * . c . 1 : ms ee mee i
also seen in the shape and details of the lip and wings of the column.

74 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May-JUNE, 1920.

By J. T. BARKER, Orchid grower to His Grace the Duke of

: ee UBS OF OPERATIONS FOR MAY-JUNE. |
| Ghaclnoonenk, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxon.

ITH the advent of May we may safely assume that more genial
conditions will prevail, and the summer treatment of Orchids should
commence. The plants have already responded to the increased light and
sun heat of the past few weeks, and in each division have now commenced
to grow freely. Every inducement should be given them to continue, so
that they may build up strong healthy pseudobulbs by the end of the
growing season. The temperature should now be raised a few degrees in
each department, and during bright weather will attain the maximum for
the year. This is to the benefit of the warmer divisions, but Cool house
Orchids are soon injured by excessive heat, and during hot weather must be
-kept as cool as possible by the use of a greater amount of humidity, and the
judicious use of the ventilators and blinds.

ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE.—The advancing power of the sun and the
general increase in temperatures necessitates the use of more moisture in
the houses, not only to make those conditions which are so essential to
satisfactory growth, but as a preventative against insect, pests, which soon
increase rapidly in a dry atmosphere. Unsuitable conditions bring their
respective troubles, and a proper balance between heat and moisture must
be maintained to secure the best results. It will easily be observed by
anyone if the proper conditions are being maintained, for when the houses
feel uncomfortable to the cultivator it is the same tothe plants. Everything
depends upon the conditions made for the plants, hence the necessity of
close attention to what might otherwise appear a small matter. Spraying
and syringing may now be indulged in on bright days, but only soft, tepid
water should be used for this purpose. Care should be taken that the leaves
have time to dry before night.

WATERING must be done at all times with care, as so much depends on
the individuality and condition of the plant. The danger of over-watering
is hardly present at this season, when growth is active and the compost full
of roots, but at other times an excess of water has the effect of killing the
roots by souring the compost. On the other hand, an inadequate supply of
water is a hindrance to free growth, and continual dribblings on the surface
is most harmful. When water is applied, it should be sufficient to soak the
compost through, and then the compost should be aeons to dry out
thoroughly before it is applied again.

_ VENTILATION.—During hot weather the ventilation of the Cool house
will need considerable attention, as the humidity of the atmosphere must be

May-June, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 75

maintained, so as to keep the temperature at the lowest possible point. The
ventilation of the other houses must be so arranged that the plants may
receive at all times a continual supply of fresh air without causing draughts,
which no plant can thrive in. The bottom ventilators may be left partially
or wide open at night, according to circumstances, thereby providing a sweet
and healthy atmosphere at all times. Large houses are more difficult to
manage in this respect than those of more modest dimensions. In the
warmer divisions, it matters little how much the rise in temperature by sun
heat may be, provided there is sufficient ventilation to balance it.

SHADING will now require much attention, as the blinds should only be
let down when necessary, and this as a precaution against the foliage
suffering from the excessive heat of the sun’s trays. Some Orchids are
naturally shade-lovers, while others love the sun, hence the necessity of
ascertaining the individual requirements of the respective plants, and
arranging them accordingly. The two classes require different treatment,
and if success is to be attained the cultivator must use all his powers of
observation to ascertain the likes and dislikes of his plants.

SUMMER QUARTERS.—Those plants which thrive best in a moderate
and equable temperature the whole year round should be removed from the
Intermediate house, where they have passed the winter, to the Ceol house,
_where they may remain for the next few months. There are several species
of Lelia, Dendrobium, Miltonia, Odontoglossum, Masdevallia, and other
Orchids, which thrive under this kind of treatment. After removal, it is
desirable to keep the plants for some little time slightly drier at the roots
than they have been in the warmer division.

ANGULOAs.—These, sometimes known as Cradle Orchids, will be making
new growth, and pushing up their flower spikes. When their flowering
period has passed they may have attention as regards repotting, should they
be in need of it, using a well-drained compost, similar to that used for the
green-leaved Cypripediums. When repotting, keep the base of the young
growths on a level with the rim of the pot, and place the material quite
firmly. _They succeed in the Cool house, or in cold districts do best in the
cool end of the Intermediate house.

LycasTEs succeed under similar conditions to Anguloas, and when their
flowers have passed over any necessary repotting may have attention, using
a similar compost. Neglect of repotting when the Compost is exhausted
is injurious to all Orchids.

Denprogiums.—D. Phalznopsis and D. formosum are useful autumn-
flowering species, which should be repotted at once, if not already done.
The best receptacles are shallow pans, and the plants thrive best suspended
in a warm, moist structure, exposed to all the light possible, and they need
only be shaded during the hottest part of the day. The cool growing D.

76 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May-JUNE, 1920.

infundibulum and D. Jamesianum may also be given attention if a larger
receptacle is required, or the compost is in a decayed or sour state. The
evergreen section commences to grow at this season, and includes D.
Farmeri, densiflorum, and the beautiful D. thyrsiflorum. Annual dis-
turbance at the root is not advised for these, but when the operation is
necessary this is the best time to carry itout. This section should be potted
firmly, the mixture consisting of osmunda fibre, Ar fibre, and sphagnum
moss in equal parts. The deciduous section, if not already done, may also
have attention, when the new growths attain a few inches in length and are
about to push forth new roots. A clean, open compost, made up of AI
fibre and sphagnum moss in equal parts, answers their requirements.
While in active growth, a light position in a warm house should be chosen;
but when the pseudobulbs are fully developed, they will take a season of
rest in a slightly cooler and drier atmosphere.

_ CYMBIDIUMS are at the present time amongst the most popular of
Orchids. As decorative plants they have few rivals, and as cut flowers they
are most attractive. C. Lowianum, insigne, eburneum, and the many
hybrids, will now be over, and potting may at once be taken in hand.
Their chief requirement as regards compost is a nice open material in which
good fibrous loam predominates. When well rooted, and in active growth,
they require plenty of water, but should be kept rather on the dry side
during the dull days of winter, and after repotting, until the new roots enter
freely the new material.

CYFE C. niveum, bellatulum, concolor, and Godefroyz will
now be passing out of bloom, and if the compost has become loose, or has
got into a sour state, repotting should be done. Speaking generally, these
are difficult Orchids to keep in a vigorous condition, but I believe most
failures can be attributed to keeping them much too dry during their season
of growth. Potted in the usual Cypripedium compost, intermixed with a
few small pieces-of soft broken bricks, and made moderately firm they thrive
admirably. Ordinary pots, well drained, make thc best receptacles. The
warm end of the Cattleya house, elevated up to the glass, out of the. way of
the syringe or sprayer, is an ideal place for them. Small seedling Cypri-
pediums should be pricked off or potted into small pots as soon as they. have
attained sufficient size and strength.

Oncipiums. — O. macranthum, serratum, undulatum, superbiens,
monachicum, and zebrinum, as soon as they have finished flowering, also
any that are not flowering this year, will be forward enough in growth to
enable repotting to be done. On account of the length of time which the
spikes are in developing, it is most essential that the plants should be in
robust health, and that the compost is in good condition before allowing
them to carry spikes. Weak'spikes are not worth attention, and should be

May-JuNE, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 77

removed, as if allowed to develop they may completely wreck the plants. A
good compost for them consists of equal parts of fibrous peat, Ax fibre, and
sphagnum moss, with a fair proportion of half-decayed leaves added. The
material should be used as rough as possible, according to the size of the
plants, and be placed in the pots firmly. Newly-potted plants will not
require much water for some time, but as growth and roots develop the
amount may be considerably increased. They revel in abundance of fresh
air, and the pseudobulbs made under its influence are much harder in
substance, a very important point in the cultivation of all Orchids.
Frequent overhead syringing is very beneficial during bright, hot weather,
and is a great aid to keeping them clean.

CATTLEYAS AND ALLIES.—The spring-flowering section will now be
pushing up their flowers, and it is advisable to place the plants where they
may receive abundance of light and air. When in bloom the plants may
be kept slightly drier at the roots, and the atmosphere slightly cooler and
drier, which will keep the flowers longer in perfection. The repotting of
plants which have blossomed, and are beginning to push roots at the base of
the pseudobulbs should have attention. C. Warscewiczii (gigas) and
C. Dowiana, with several of their hybrids, are now forming new growths,
and should be placed well up to the roof-glass, where they may receive
plenty of light and air. Although the plants may appear to be growing
strongly, care should be exercised in watering, as an excess at this stage
may do much harm. C. Triane and C. Schroedere, with many hybrid
Cattleyas, Lzliocattleyas, Brassocattleyas, and allied subjects that have
recently passed out of bloom, may be repotted whenever they commence to
make new roots. Any plants of C. Mossiz and Mendelii which have
failed to produce flower sheaths may have similar attention when they are
about to push new roots. Those which have deteriorated through loss:
of roots, or other causes, may be repotted into small receptacles and started
afresh. The pots should be well drained, and a well-cleaned compost used.
as previously advised for Cattleyas.

SOPHRONITIS. GRANDIFLORA and its hybrids may be treated in precisely
the same manner as Cattleyas when fresh rooting material is required, but
the dwarfer ones must be placed in smaller receptacles, and the potting
material pulled into smaller pieces. They are best grown suspended close
to the glass, and now comprise plants of a most varied character.

OpontoGLossuMs.—O. citrosmum and O. Uroskinneri may be repotted
as they pass out of bloom. The pots should not be too large, and the
drainage must be perfect, the pots being quite half filled with clean crocks-
The usual Odontoglossum compost is quite suitable, and the plants must be
potted firmly. . citrosmum thrives suspended quite close to the roof of
either the Cattleya or Mexican house, and O. Uroskinneri will succeed best.

78 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May-JUNE, 1920.

atthe warm end of the Cool house. Plants of O. Rossii, Cervantesii,
Humeanum, and (Erstedii, that recently passed out of flower, should be
suspended close to the roof-glass, and be afforded just enough water to
prevent the pseudobulbs from shrivelling. An excess of water whilst at
rest will cause the roots to decay. When new growth commences any
necessary repotting can be done. Odontoglossum grande, having had a
good rest, is now about to push new growth, and may have attention just
as the young roots show at the base of the growths. As this plant makes
thick fleshy roots, the material should be used in as rough pieces as possible,
and be made moderately firm.

GENERAL REMARKS.—Before the issue of another number of the Orchid
Review many of us will again make the journey to the Chelsea Show, where
we hope to meet many continental friends, and take part in what we hope
may again be an annual reunion of worshippers of the fair goddess Flora.

HE Massachusetts Horticultural Society held a Show of Orchids and
Spring plants at the Horticultural Hall, Boston, U.S.A., from
March 24th to 28th last, which the American Florist of April 3rd reports
was a brilliant achievement, both culturally and for artistic arrangement.
Orchids were the predominating feature, and the exhibits of A. C. Burrage,
of Pride’s Crossing, Mass., were lavish in variety, splendidly grown and
staged. They included many rare species and varieties, and a considerable
number were arranged on trunks of trees in imitation of their native
conditious. Other private growers contributed good though less com-
prehensive exhibits, and the commercial section showed up well, specially
noteworthy being the extensive displays of the Julius Roehrs Co., of
Rutherford, N.J.

THE BOSTON ORCHID SHOW. \@|

AWARD LIsT.

Group of Orchids, arranged for effect with ferns and foliage plants,
covering 250 square feet (commercial growers).—Julius Roehrs Co.

Group of 200 square feet (private growers).—Albert C. Burrage. (An
illustration of this fine exhibit is given in the issue in question).

_ Group of 100 square feet (open).—Albert C. Burrage.

Most artistically arranged of the preceding groups.—Albert C. Burrage.

Twelve Orchids in bloom, distinct species or varieties of not less than
six genera.—t, Julius Roehrs Co.; 2, J. T. Butterworth.

Six Orchids in bloom, distinct siti or varieties, of not less than fires
genera.—J. T. Butterworth.

Three Orchids in bloom, of separate genera.—J. T. Butterworth.

May-June, 1920.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 79

Six Cymbidiums, distinct.—1, Albert C. Burrage; 2, J. T. Butterworth.

Twelve Cypripediums, distinct.—1, E. B. Dane; 2, J. T. Butterworth.

Collection of Cypripediums in bloom, not less than 50 plants or 25
species or varieties.—Ernest B. Dane.

Six Dendrobiumsin bloom.—J. T. Butterworth.

Six Phalznopsis, in bloom, not less than three species. —A. C. Burrage.

Specimen Cattleya Mossiz, and C. Schroeder (both).—A. C. Burrage.

Specimen Cattleya Trianz.—1, Albert C. Burrage; 2, J.T. Butterworth.

Specimen Ccoelogyne in bloom.—Mrs. C. G. Weld.

Specimen Lycaste in bloom.—1, J. T. Butterworth; 2, Miss Cornelia
Warren.

Specimen hybrid Cattleya.—1, Julius RoehrsCo.; 2, J. T. Butterworth.

Specimen Brassocattleya in bloom.—Edwin S. Webster.

Specimen _Lezliocattleya in bloom.—J. T. Butterworth.

Specimen of any other bigeneric hybrid in which Cattleya or Lzliais one
parent.—J. T. Butterworth, with ‘‘ Lelia,” presumbly Leliocattleya,
Aroona.

Specimen Cymbidium.—1, Julius Roehrs Co. ; 2, Walter Hunnewell.

Specimen Cypripedium.—1, Ernest B. Dane; 2, Mrs. C. G. Weld; 3,
Faulkner Farm.

Specimen Dendrobium nobile in bloom.—1, Miss Cornelia Warren; 2,
Julius Roehrs Co.; 3, J. T. Butterworth.

Any other Dendrobium.—J. T. Butterworth, with D. Jamesianum.

Specimen Miltonia in bloom.—Albert C. Burrage.

Specimen Odontoglossum in bloom.—t, Julius Roehrs Co.; 2, Ernest B..
Dane; 3, J. T. Butterworth.

Specimen Odontioda.—1, Albert C. Burrage; 2, Julius Roehrs Co.

Specimen Oncidium in bloom.—Albert C. Burrage.

Specimen Vanda in bloom.—1, Edwin S. Webster; 2, J. T. Butterworth.

Any other genus.—J. T. Butterworth, with Epicattleya Orpetiana.

Silver Medals were awarded to Cattleya speciosissima Empress, from
Julius Roehrs Co.; Dendrobium Wardianum album, from J. T. Butter-
worth; Sophrocattleya Thwaitesie, from Ernest B. Dane; and for a
display of Orchids, from Thomas J. Roland.

A dinner was given in honour of the opening of the Orchid Show in the
evening of March 24th, by the horticultural interests* of Boston, to which
all visiting members of the craft were invited, while on Friday afternoon
William C. Endicott, President of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society,
gave an informal luncheon to exhibitors and other guests. Among those
Present was Miss Eileen Low, daughter of Stuart H. Low, London, Eng.

The following papers were read at the Orchid Conferences, held in. the
Lecture Hall, on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday afternoon: “ Basis of

80 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (May-June, 1¢40.

Orchid Classification,” by Oakes Ames; ‘Geographical Distribution of
Orchids,” by E. H. Wilson; ‘“ History of Orchid Culture in the United
States,” by W. A. Manda; “Collecting Orchids,” by John E. Lager; and
‘‘ History of Orchids in England,” by George I’Anson.

AMERICAN ORCHID SOCIETY.

American Orchid lovers and enthusiastic growers took advantage of the
occasion to organize an American Orchid Society. A meeting was held in
the Horticultural Hall, on March 25th, when a temporary organization was
effected, and plans were made for a permanent body. Thomas Roland
Nahant, Mass., was chosen president; William N. Craig, Boston, secretary ;
and Alfred J. Loveless, Lenox, Mass., treasurer. A committee of fifteen
was named to draw up a constitution and bye-laws to be submitted when
the permanent organization is perfected. The first act of the new society
was to send a telegram to Albert C. Burrage, at present in Pasadena, Calif., —
telling of the great success of the exhibition and the formation ofan Orchid
Society, to which Mr. Burrage replied, expressing his delight, and regretting
that he was unable to be present to enjoy it.

GYMNADENIA RUPESTRIS, Miq.—This interesting little Japanese Orchid,
which we do not previously remember to have seen alive, is now flowering
with Messrs. Flory & Black, at Slough, a few bulbs having been received
direct from M. Ijuin, of Tokyo. It is an Orchis-like plant, some six to
nine inches high, and bears about three narrow leaves and a spike of eight
to twelve lilac flowers, with some darker veining on the lip, the spur being
about half an inch long. The species was described by Miquel in 1865
(Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat., ii. p. 206), from materials collected by Keiske,
probably in the province of Owari. The Japanese name is given as “ Iva-
ran,” or Rock Orchid, and a figure afterwards appeared in the Japanese
work, Somaku Zusetsti (xvii. t. 75), under the name of ‘ Ucho-ran.”
There are dried specimens at Kew from Maximowicz, which are said to
have been cultivated at Yedo; from Mrs. Henry, collected at Arima, near
‘Kube; and from Captain Blomfield, who notes the plant as ‘“‘a pretty
terrestrial Orchid, everywhere in July.” Specimens of the latter were
received at Kew in December, 1873, and examples were sent on to Reichen-
bach, who reported “not clear without tuber, but placed pro tem. as Orchis
latifolia var. Blomfieldii.” Whether this name was ever published we fail
to discover, but in any case it is incorrect. According to Miquel, Blume
referred it to a distinct ‘genus, calling it Phaniasia pulchella, Blume, though
Blume does not appear to have published it. Messrs. Flory & Black find
that it is easily grown in the Odontoglossum house, under Disa treatment,
and by their kindness we brought away a little pot of it for Kew.—R.A.R.

May-JUNE, 1920.! THE ORCHID REVIEW. 81

| Se MILTONIA BLEUANA. | |

T page 42 we mentioned a plant of the floriferous Miltonia Bleuana in
A the collection of Mrs. J. J. Neale, Oxton, Kenton, near Exeter (gr. Mr.
E. Swinden), bearing twelve flowers from a single bulb, there being spikes
of five, four and three flowers. We have now pleasure in illustrating it
from a photograph kindly sent by Mrs. Neale, which gives a good idea of
the character of this attractive hybrid. M. Bleuana dates back as far as
1889, when it originally flowered with M. Alfred Bleu, at Paris, having been

Fig. 9. MILTONIA BLEUANA.

raised from M. vexillaria crossed with the pollen of M. Roezlii. Two years
later Messrs. Veitch also raised it at Chelsea. Since then it has been
recrossed with both the original parents, yielding M. Hyeana with M.
vexillaria, and M. St.-Andre with M. Roezlii, while a number of brilliant
varieties have also been obtained by using the handsome M. vexillaria
memoria G. D. Owen, which is characterised by having a large, dark
: All these varieties seem to be com-

ay

purple mask at the base of the lip.
pletely fertile, and several further combinations between them have been
made, giving a fine series of decorative garden plants. The work of
combining them with the cool Odontoglossums has now begun, which
promises to introduce a further development, notably in originating a set of
plants better fitted to succeed in a warm climate than Odontoglossum.

Se . "THE ORCHID REVIEW. (May-June, 1920.

ea SOCIETIES: ea

RoyaL HORTICULTURAL.
HE usual fortnightly meeting was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall,
Vincent Square, Westminster, on March gth, and brought together
‘a great display of Orchids, for which awards were made as follows.

Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair), J.
O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, W. H. White, Arthur Dye, G. Wilson,
R. A. Rolfe, J. Charlesworth, F. K. Sander, S. W. Flory, J. E. Shill,
W. J. Kaye, E. R. Ashton, R. Brooman White, T. Armstrong, A. McBean,
F. J. Hanbury, and C. J. Lucas.

FirsT-CLass CERTIFICATES.

CYPRIPEDIUM FLORENCE-SPENCER CHARDWAR VAR (memoria Jerning-
thamie X Actzus langleyense).—A beautiful variety, the very broad white
-dorsal sepal with a yellow base, and the petals and lip light yellow with
‘some brown markings. From Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.

SOPHROCATLELIA MEUSE VAR. MAGNIFICA (Lec. callistoglossa x Scl.
Marathon).—A large and brilliant variety, having bright rose sepals and
‘petals, and a purple crimson lip with yellow disc. From Messrs. J. & A.
McBean.

PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION.

“ OponrocLossum HyMEN (Lambardeanum xX Mars).—A_ promising
hybrid, having broad reddish violet sepals and petals with white margins
-and a zone of white on the petals. From Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.

CULTURAL COMMENDATION,

CYMBIDIUM ALEXANDERI ASHSTEAD PARK VAR.—To Mr. Recnes, Orchid
grower to Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashstead Park, for a finely-grown plant
*bearing two spikes of rose-coloured flowers.

SILVER FLora MEDALs,

To Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, for an excellent
group of Odontoglossums, Odontiodas and Leliocattleyas, with a few
Dendrobiums and Cypripediums. Noteworthy exhibits were Oda. Collinge
var. Virginity (Odm. crispum X Oda. Coronation), a charming round, white
flower, with a cluster of purple spots on the sepals; O. Dauntless (Oda.
Coronation X Odm. Armstrongii), violet-rose with the tips and margins of
the segments white; Odm. W. E. Bisset var. majestica (crispum Mossie X
Mars), dark mahogany red with white margin; and Cypripedium Peggy
-Arthurianum x Thompsonianum), well spotted with brown on a age
_ground.

To Me Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, for a fine group,

May-JUNE, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 83

including many excellent Odontiodas and Odontoglossums, the fine
Coelogyne Lawrenceana, the rare Bulbophyllum Sillemianum with solitary
bright yellow flowers, Brassocattleya Andre Maron, Cirrhopetalum pictur-
atum, Odontocidium epiphorum (Odm. epicasta X Onc. corynephorum),
rose with dark blotches on the sepals, Miltonia Hyeana, Odontoglossum
Ithone (L’Aiglon xX Dusky Monarch), Brassocattleya Andre-Maron, and
other fine things. :
To Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, for another fine group,
including several Oncidium splendidum, the rare O. cucullatum, O. concolor,
Dendrobium Bancroftianum, a well-bloomed Restrepia elegans, Masde-
vallia Schroederiana, Lycaste Skinneri, Leliocattleya luminosa aurea, and
numerous representatives of the usual showy genera.
SILVER BANKSIAN MEDAL.

To Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, for an interesting little group,
containing séveral good Odontoglossums, Sophrocattleya warnhamensis
with six flowers, Sc. Venus, a pretty albino Cattleya, Rolfeana Ceres (Bc.
Ilene X Sc. Saxa), a pretty blush-pink flower, and others.

To Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, for an interesting group, including
several good Odontiodas and Odontoglossums, Cymbidium Seamew, Garnet,
and Gottianum, Vanda ccerulea, Odontoglossum Wiganianum, and several
good hybrids of the Cattleya group.

OTHER ExuHIBITs. |

Baron Bruno Schriéder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill),
showed some very fine cut spikes of Calanthe Baron-Schroder.

Dr. F. Bedford, Dovercourt, Fulford, York, showed Odontioda Madeline
Devercourt var., a handsome form, Brassocattleya Dietrichiana var. Firmin
Lambeau, a richly-coloured form, and others.

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashstead Park (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent three good
forms of Sophrocatlelia His Majesty (Scl. Marathon x C. T rianz).

On March 23rd there was a very fine display, and a long list of awards,
so that our record must be brief.

Orchid Committee present : Sir Jeremiah Coleman, Bart. (in the chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, R. Brooman White, R. A. Rolfe, F. J.
Hanbury, E. R. Ashton, Sir Harry J. Veitch, R. G. Thwaites, G. Wilson,
T. Armstrong, H. G. Alexander, J. E. Shill, W. J. Kaye, F. K. Sander,
Walter Cobb, C. J. Lucas, Arthur Dye, S. W. Flory, <5 Charlesworth,
W. H. Hatcher and Stuart H. Low. :

First-CLass CERTIFICATES.

CaTTLEYA COWANLE ALBA (intertexta alba x Mossiz Wageneri).—A
very beautiful albino, of excellent shape, with lemon yellow disc to the lip.
From Messrs. J. & A. McBean.

84 THE ORCHID “REVIEW. [May-JUNE, 1920,

ODONTOGLOssUM EVEREST (Princess Mary X Mirabeau).—A large and
beautifu! hybrid with dark purple blotching on a pure white ground. From
Messrs. J. & A. McBean.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

AERIDOVANDA Munpy1 (V. teres X A. Vandarum).—A striking hybrid,
most like an enlarged edition of the Aérides parent, with blush pink flowers.
From Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart.

ODONTIODA JoAN WarNHAM Court var. (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm.
armainvillierense).—A fine dark red form with a blush white front to the
lip. From C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan).

OponTiopa JoicEy1 (Odm. promerens x Oda. Coronation).—A very
handsome thing, the flowers of perfect shape, heavily blotched with red-

purple, and the petals having a white band round the central blotch. From —

J.J Joicey, Esq., The Hill, Witley (gr. Mr. J. Mackay).

PLEIONE PRICEI.—A very pretty Formosan species, whose history is

given on page 95. From W. R. Price, Esq., Chepstow (gr. Mr. ]. Adamson).
; CULTURAL COMMENDATION.

OponToGLossum HyYEANuM (Harryanum x luteopurpureum).—To
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, for a splendidly-grown specimen bearing a spike
of twenty flowers.

SILVER FLora MEDats. :

ae HY: ER: Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), for a
good representative group, including the brilliant Leliocattleya H. T. Pitt
(Le. bella x C. Enid), Dendrobium Brymerianum, Cattleya Lueddemann-
iana Stanleyi, Miltonia St. Andre, Odontoglossum mulus, elegantius, and
many other interesting things, with Cymbidiums, etc., behind.

To Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, for a fine group, including Brasso-
cattleya Cliftonii magnifica, some good Cymbidiums, Cypripedium Cham-
berlainianum and Rothschildianum, Sophrocatllia Vivid (Sc. Atreus.
gloriosa X Lc. George Woodhams), Brassocatlelia Joan, Dendrobium
nobile Sir F. W. Moore, and numerous fine Odontiodas and Odontoglossums-

To Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., whose excellent group included several
beautiful Odontoglossums of the xanthotes set, and many blotched hybrids,

‘some brilliant Odontiodas, the fine’ Cclogyne Lawrenceana, Maxillaria

triangularis, Odontonia Irene, and among numerous Leliocattleyas the very
‘pretty yellow Le: Iphis, derived ‘from Le. Lydia X Myra and Cattleya
' Schreedere.

To Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., for a rich and varied group of species and
hybrids, among the former being the rare Bulbophyllum Watsonianum,
Oncidium concolor, pubes and superbiens, and the latter the white Brasso-

cattleya Veitchii Queen Alexandra, Sophrocattleya Atreus, and others.

.To Messrs. J. & A. McBean, for a fine group of Odontoglossums,.

net *

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i
:

May-JUNE, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 85

Lezliocattleya Eunice, a well-bloomed Masdevallia ignea, Cymbidiums,
Odontiodas, and numerous others.
SILVER BANKSIAN MEDAL.

To Messrs. Flory & Black, for a choice little group, including Sophro-
catlelia Juno (Sc. Saxa x Lc. Dominiana), a brilliant red hybrid, Lelio-
cattleya Elsie (Lc. Ophir x C. Suzanne Hye), white with yellow throat,
Brassocatlelia Alcides (Bcl. Veitchii x Lc. Walter Gott, and others.

OTHER EXHIBITS.

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. J. Collier), showed
the rare Vanda suavis pallida, Lycaste Skinneri armeniaca, Cattleya Mildred
Gatton Park var., and Leliocattleya Lady Evelyn (Lc. Goldfinch x C.
Empress Frederick. ne

E. R. Ashton, Esq., Tunbridge Wells, showed a pretty group -of nine
hybrid Dendrobiums, and Sophrocatlelia Margrand with two fine flowers.

G. W. Bird, Esq., West Wickham, showed four pretty Odontiodas,
Sunbeam, Gladys, Cooksoniz and Sensation Manor House var.

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham, showed the bright-purple Sophro-
cattleya Lowelliz (Sc. Wellesleye x C. Lawrenceana), Cattleya Dussel-
dorfii Undine, Sophrocatlelia Cherub (St. Psyche X Lc. rubens), salmon-
red, with darker veining and lip, and a few others.

On April 13th there was again a very bright display, and the Orchid
Committee was constituted as follows: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the
Chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.),.R. A. Rolfe, Arthur Dye, Sir Harry J. Veitch,
Ef, Hanbury, J. Wilson Potter, Stuart H. Low, J. Charlesworth, S. W.
Flory and J. Cypher.

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.

BRASSOCATTLEYA GATTON-LILY VAR. TRIUMPH (Bc. langleyensis x C.
Trianz alba).—A charming albino, of excellent shape, and with lemon
yellow disc to the lip. From Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

L#LIOCATTLEYA EUNICE VAR. SNOWDON (C. chocoensis alba X L. anceps
alba).—A very fine pure white form with lemon yellow disc to the lip.
From Messrs. J. & A. McBean.

OpoNTIODA LEON-PERRIN (Oda. Sandere X Odm. eximiam) .—A large-
and brilliant hybrid, deep red, with lighter markings on the lip and margin
of the petals. From Messrs. Flory & Black.

OponToGLossum Joy (Uroskinneri X eximium).—A fine hybrid, most
resembling the former parent, and densely spotted with purple on a light
ground. From C. J. Lucas, Esq.

CULTURAL COMMENDATION.
DENpRoBIUM BRYMERIANUM.—To Mr. H. Haddon, Orchid grower to

86 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May-JUNE, 1920.

Mrs. Bischoffsheim, The Warren House, Stanmore, for a splendidly-grown
plant, with 22 spikes and about 60 fine flowers.
SILVER FLorA MEDALs.

To Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. Collier), for a
group of well-grown Lycaste Skinneri, both white and coloured forms, and
L. Mary Gratrix with 13 richly-coloured blooms; a very attractive exhibit.

To H. T. Pitt, Esq.; Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), for a
rich and varied group, including Dendrobium Brymerianum and Dalhousie-
anum, the rare Cypripedium Druryi, Eulophiella Elisabethe, Stelis tristyla,
Sophronitis grandiflora, Odontioda Vuylstekez var. Thompsoniz, Odonto-
glossums, etc.

To Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., for a brilliant group of Odontoglossums,
Odontiodas and others, noteworthy among them being Sophrocatlelia His
Majesty (Scl. Marathon x C. Trianz), a large and brilliant hybrid, with
_ examples of the parents, good examples of the yellow Leliocattleya Ballii
and Le. Circe, Lycaste gigantea, Polystachya paniculata, Dendrobium
imfundibulum, and the usual rich series of hybrids.

To Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., for a showy group, including well-bloomed
examples of Oncidium Marshallianum, Renanthera Imschootiana, Lycaste
Skinneri alba, Cymbidium tigrinum, Saccolabium ampullaceum, Dendro-
bium Thwaitesiz, some good Leliocattleyas, Sophrocattleyas, Odonto-
a and others.

SILVER BANKSIAN MEDAL.

To Messrs. Shin sinnd & Brown, for a select group, including Miltonia
Venus and Bleuana, a charming Odontoglossum promerens xanthotes,
O. Jasper, and several other good Odontoglossums and _ brilliantly-coloured
Odontiodas.

To Mr. H. Dixon, Wandsworth, for a good group, including well-
bloomed Masdevallia Veitchiana, Cymbidium tigrinum, Oncidium McBean-
ianum, Laliocattleya Constance-Wigan, and some good Odontiodas and
Odontoglossums.

To Messrs. Flory & Black, for a choice group, including the handsome
Leeliocattleya H. T. Pitt, three brightly-coloured Sophrocattleyas, Cattleya
Empress Frederick, Odontoglossum crispum nigrescens, Odontioda Chan-
tecler, and others.

- To-Messrs. J..& A. McBean, for a good group, in which a well-grown
Oncidioda Cooksoniz was conspicuous, also Odontoglossum Eugenia
(cordatum X crispum), and other good Odontoglossums and Odontiodas.

To Messrs. Sanders, for an interesting group, in which we noted the
violet-blue Dendrobium Victoria-Regina, Maxillaria Sanderiana, Cirrho-
petalum picturatum, Cattleya Evelyn-Sander (Dusseldorfii Undine xX
Trianz alba), Cymbidiums, Odontoglossums and Odontiodas.

May-JuNE, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 87

OTHER EXursits.

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton (gr. Mr. Taylor), sent
Odontoglossum Glorita (Jasper X crispum Raymond Crawshay), and a
handsome form of O. venustulum.

Sir. Herbert S. Leon, Bart., Bletchley Park (gr. Mr. Field), showed the-
natural hybrid Cymbidium Cooperi, bearing a fine spike of flowers.

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Gover), sent
Odontioda Pierette (C. Neetzliana x O. Clytie), rich crimson-red, O.
Violette (Oda. Thwaitesii x Odm. percultum), red-brown with the apex of
the segments lilac, Odontoglossum Clotilde (Clytie x eximium), heavily:
blotched, also forms of Cochlioda Neetzliana and Brassocattleya Veitchii.

On April 27th there was another fine show, and a large attendance.
Orchid Committee present were:—Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the
Chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), C. J. Lucas, R. Brooman White, W. Bolton,
J. Wilson, Arthur Dye, Walter Cobb, J. E. Shill, W. H. Hatcher,
J. Charlesworth, A. McBean, E. R. Ashton, F. K. Sander, R. A. Rolfe,
Sir Harry J. Veitch, Pantia Ralli, and Stuart H. Low.

AWARDS OF MERIT. :

BRASSOCATLALIA JOAN VAR. ExcELsior (C. Qctave Doin x BI. Gra-
trixiz).—A beautiful-clear yellow variety. F rom Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.

CaTTLeya Tityus FAsey’s var. (Enid x Octave-Doin).—A very finely-.
shaped, rose-coloured form, with purple-crimson front to the lip. From
W. R. Fasey, Esq., Holly Bush Hill, Snaresbrook (gr. Mr. Seymour).

OponTiopa Decia (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. Mars).—A fine deep-
claret-coloured flower, with gold shading. From Messrs. Armstrong &
Brown.

ODoNTOGLossuM ADULA (eximium X Doris).—A finely shaped, reddish:
purple hybrid, with blush-white margins and tips, and a white apex to the
lip. From Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashstead Park (gr. Mr. Farnes).

OponToGLossum Bonaparte (Aglaon X percultum).—A very fine white-
form, with large parple-crimson blotches. From W. R. Fasey, Fsq.

OponToGLossum DriamMonpD (King Arthur X eximium).—A very richly
coloured form, blotched with claret on a rosy ground. From Messrs.
J. & A. McBean.

OpontoGcLossum FaBIA FRant Court var. (eximitim X Aglaon).—A
beautiful variety, with clusters of claret blotches on a white ground. From
B. a Smith, Esq., Frant Court.

SILVER FLorA MEDALS.

To H...T. Pitt, Esq., for a select group, ae the rose-purple-

Cynorchis kewensis, Anguloa virginalis, the brilliant Sophrocattleya Anzac,

Some fine Odontoglossums, Odontiodas, Cypripediums, Miltonias, etc.

88 THE ~ORCHID: REVIEW. [May-JUNE, 1920.

To Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., for a brilliant group of Odontoglossums,
‘Odontiodas, Miltonias, members of the Cattleya group. and others, note-
worthy among them being the rare Bifrenaria Harrisonize pubigera, Odonto-
glossum luteopurpureum VuyIstekeanum, and the handsome Miltonia
‘Charlesworthii and Lyoth in several examples, and all very finely grown.

To Messrs. J. & A. McBean, for a very fine group of Miltonias, Odonto- _

glossums, Odontiodas-and others, noteworthy among them. being M. St.
Andre with seven spikes, and some particularly well-grown Odontoglossums,
white and blotched.

SILVER BANKSIAN MEDALS.

To Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, for a small group of good things,
including Odontioda Corojasp (Oda. Coronation X Odm. Jasper), purple-
red with white markings, O. Zampa Orchidhurst var., Laeliocattleya Mrs.
‘Temple, Bulbophyllum galbinum, and others, -

To Mr. H. Dixon, for a small group, including a particularly fine plant
of the purple Stauropsis Marriottiana, Dendrobium illustre, Oncidium
crispum, Ceelogyne Lawrenceana, and some showy hybrids.

To Messrs. Flory & Black, for a select group of Odontoglossums,
Cattleyas, and others, a hybrid from C. Empress Frederick x Lelia pur-
purata, bearing three very richly-coloured flowers.

To Messrs. Sanders, for a small group, including the fine green and
black Ccelogyne pandurata, the rare C. venusta (Rolfe), C. Lawrenceana,
‘C. Moorei, Masdevallia coccinea lilacina, and a few good Odontoglossums
and Miltonias.

OTHER EXxuIBITs.

G. W. Bird, Esq., sent Odontioda Sensation (Oda. Vuylstekee x Odm.
‘crispum), and a very fine plant of O. Vuylstekez, with ten side branches
and about seventy flowers.

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, sent Odontoglossum Faustina (Dora X eximium),
Sophrocattleya Entre-Rios (Scl. Marathon x Le. St. Gothard), the fine
Brassocattleya Cliftonii magnifica, and others.

C. J. Lucas, Esq., sent Odontoglossum Thetis (Solon X The Czar), a
richly-coloured hybrid.

Baron Bruno Schréder, sent cut spikes of Odontoglossum crispum
Leonard Perfect and O. c. apietum, two of the old handsomely-blotched
forms.

Bb. H. Smith, Esq., Frant Court, Sussex, sent Odontoglossum crispum
Frant Court, a fine white form.

T. D. Wren Esq., The Poplars, Roehampton, sent Odontoglossum St.
“George (eximium x Alexandra), a richly-coloured hybrid.

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., sent Lzliocattleya Ferschro (Lc. Feronia X
C. Schroederz), a pretty primrose-yellow hybird.

May-JUNE, 1920.] THE. ORCHID REVIEW, 89

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.

At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on March 4th,
the members of Committee present were :—Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the
Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, A. Coningsby, J.
Cypher, J. Evans, J. Howes, A. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, J. McNab,
W. Shackleton, E. W. Thompson, J. Thrower, and H. Arthur (Secretary),
Mrs. Slingsby was invited to sit with the Committee.

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.

Cattleya Lady Rowena var. White Swan, an exceptionally large snow
white flower, the lip beautifully fringed, with throat and side lobes yellow’
and Dendrobium nobile Sir Frederick Moore magnificum, a brightly-
coloured form, from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Cypripedium memoria F. M. Ogilvie var. Rex (Pyramus X Curtmanii),
a finely proportioned flower, with round, heavily spotted dorsal sepal, very
broad, well spotted petals, and the pouch pale chocolate colour (a Gold
Medal being also awarded); and Dendrobium Findlayanum album, a
beautiful pure white form, from P. Smith, Esq.

Odontioda Red Cross Brackenhurst var., sepals and petals deep red,
margined with rose, and lip large, flat, and white in front, from Dr. Craven
Moore.

Dendrobium. Austinii Bolholt var., a oe bold flower, with blush
white sepals and petals, and an intense rich maroon lip, from Capt. W.
Horridge.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Odontoglossum Parsifal, O. Gipsy Queen, Dendrobium nobile Hercules,
D. Melpomene splendissimum, D. Lady Jellicoe (Salteri xX Rolfez),
and Lycaste Skinneri rubella superba, from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Odontioda Madeline Christabel, from Mrs. Slingsby.

Cypripedium Seraphina var. Marcell (Lord Ossulston seraphicum X
Beeckmanii), from the Rev. J. Crombleholme.

pottleys Harrisoniana The Grange var.; from Messrs. Keeling & Sons.

AWARDS OF APPRECIATION.

Odontioda Sir Douglas Haig (Odm. percultum x Oda. Cooksoniz),
from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Odontoglossum Pluto, from Col. Sir John Rutherford, M.P.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.

To Mrs. Slingsby, for Odontioda Madeline Christabel.

Silver Medals were awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr.
Mr. J. Howes); Capt. W. Horridge, Bury (gr. Mr. Coningsby) ; and
Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for fine representative groups.

- Interesting exhibits were staged by Mrs. Slingsby, Beverley, Yorks; the
new). Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors (gr. Mr. E. Marshall) ; Dr. Craven

go THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May-JUNE, 1920.

Moore, Victoria Park, Manchester (gr. Mr. T. Arran); Col. Sir |:
Rutherford, Bart., M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. J. Lupton); P. Smith, Esq.,
Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson); Messrs. Keeling & Sons,,
Bradford ; and Mr. D. McLeod, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, a number of which
appear in the above List of Awards.

At the meeting held on March 18th, the members of Committee present
were: The Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, A.
Burns, A. Coningsby, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, J.
Howes, A. Keeling, D. McLeod, J. McNab, Fred. K. Sander, W. Shackleton,
E. W. Thompson, and H. Arthur (Secretary).

FIRST-CLAss CERTIFICATES.

Cattleya Cowaniz alba var. Jeanette, pure white, and the well-fringed
lip having an orange throat; C. Trianz alba var. Mary Regina, with four
exceptionally fine pure white flowers; C. Lady Rowena The Bride, pure
white, with throat deep orange colour ; Leliocattleya Beatrice West Point
var. (Lc. callistoglossa x C. Schreederz), sepals and petals broad, mauve in
shade, with exceptionally dark lip; and Dendrobium Elwesii, of the yellow-
flowered type; from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Odontoglossum Doris majesticum (Ossulstonii X crispum), exceptionally
fine, and richly blotched with reddish brown; and O. St. George (eximium
x Alexandra), flowers large, heavily blotched on a light ground; from P..
Smith, Esq.

Cymbidium Gottianum superbum, a fine variety, with spike bearing five
large flowers ; from the Rev. J. Crombleholme.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Odontoglossum St. Peter (amabile x Rolfez), O. armainvillierense var.
Mary, O. crispo-Solon, O. crispum Rosamund; Leeliocattleya General
Allenbury (Lc. Lucasiana x C. Fabia); and Brassocatlelia Lua (Bc.
Mary Beatrice x Lc. G. S. Ball) ; from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Cymbidium Alexaaderi amabile, from the Rev. J. Crombleholme.

Odontoglossum memoria Nurse Cavell, carrying a fine spike of 13 well
blotched flowers, from Messrs. Sanders.

First-class AWARDs OF APPRECIATION.

Odontioda Collinge var. rubra (Oda. Coronation x Odm. crispum),
and Odontoglossum Laurentia lilacinum (Jasper X Olympia), from P.
Smith, Esq.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES.

To Mr. J. Howes, for Cattleya Trianz alba var. Mary Regina.

To Mr. J. Sandwell, for a batch of Cypripedium Tom Worsley.

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range
(gr. Mr. J. Howes), for a brilliant group of Orchids. |

May-JUNE, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW or

Silver Medals were awarded to T. Worsley, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. J-
Sandwell) ; and Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for fine groups.

Interesting exhibits were staged by H. H. Bolton, Esq., Newchurch
gr. Mr. Eastwood) ; the Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-Moors (gr. Mr.
E. Marshall); P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W.
Thompson); Messrs» J. Cowan & Co., Garston; Messrs. Sanders, St.
Albans; and Mr. D. McLeod, Chorlton-cum-Hardy.

At the meeting held on April 1st, the members of Committee present
were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, A.
Burns, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, A. Coningsby, J. Evans, A. Hanmer,
J. Howes, A. Keeling, D. McLeod, J. Lupton, W. Shackleton, E. W.
Thompson, and H. Arthur (Secretary).

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.

Qdentorlossuni eximium Shackletonii (crispum Lucianii X armain-
villierense Robsoniz), a large, well-shaped flower, heavily blotched with
brown on sepals, and petals of a purple shade (a Silver Medal being also
awarded); O. crispum Troytown, a large, very round white flower; O.
Elfrida var. magnificum (Uroskinneri Xx armainvillierense), sepals with
large and petals small spots; Odontioda Alcantara var. rubra (Oda.
Cooksoniz# X Odm. eximium), a flower of solid maroon colour, with white-
edged sepals; and O. Chantecler var. superba (C. Noetzliana xX Oda.
Cooksoniz), a large flower, brilliant light scarlet; from P. Smith, Esq.

Brassocattleya Cliftonii Gratrix’s var., a huge flower of good even colour ;
and Lycaste Skinneri Royal Beauty, segments brilliantly coloured; from
S. Gratrix, Esq.

Lycaste Skinneri Cazador, from Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley.

Awarps OF MERIT.

Odonteglossum crispum Gladiator, O. Tityus (crispo-Harryanum X
eximium), Cattleya Mendelti Bridesmaid, and Leliocattleya Joy Sander,
from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Lycaste Skinneri delicatissima, from Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley.

AWARDS OF APPRECIATION.

Odontoglossum majesticum Beardwood vat. (1st) ; Odontioda Collinge
Beardwood var. (Odm. crispum. X Oda. Coronation) (ist), O. aurea
(Odm. Lambeauianum Xx Oda. Coronation) (1st),and O-crispum Beardwood
var. (2nd), from Col. Sir J. Rutherford, Bart.

Lycaste Skinneri var. Robin (rst), from Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley.

Odontoglossum crispum Washway (rst), from P. Smith, Esq.

A large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley
Range (gr. Mr. J. Howes), for a very choice group.

‘A Silver Medal was awarded to Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley, Bury

‘Q2 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May-JUNE, 1920.

(gr. Mr. A. Burns), for a fine group, largely consisting ot Odontoglossums
and Lycastes.

Interesting exhibits were staged by P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey
(gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson) ; Col. Sir J. Rutherford, Bart., M.P., Blackburn
(gr. Mr. J. Lupton); Capt. W. Horridge, Bury (gr. Mr. Coningsby) ;
Messrs.A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford; and Messrs. J. & A. McBean,
‘Cooksbridge, the latter a flower of their wonderful Odontoglossum Everest,
the largest Odonto. ever seen, a magnificent blotched variety.

_ Atthe meeting held on April 15th, the members of Committee present
were: R. Ashworth, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. A. Coningsby, D. A
Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, J. Howes, A. Hanmer, D. McLeod, Dr.
F. T. Paul, E. W. Thompson, and H. Arthur (Secretary).

First-CLass CERTIFICATES.

_ Cattleya Tityus var. Royal Monarch (Enid x Octave Doin), a huge deep
self-coloured flower of perfect shape ; Leliocattleya luminosa aurea The
Premier, a large flower with deep yellow sepals and petals and maroon lip;
and Odontioda orphana, a brilliantly-coloured flower ; from S, Gratrix, Esq.

Odontoglossum Pescatorei albens Ogilvie’s var., a white flower of good
substance, with bright orange coloured disc; from Mrs. Gratrix.

Odontoglossum promerens var. Duchess (eximium %X_crispum), a well-
shaped flower, of solid light chocolate brown, segments with lighter tips,
and flat lip; from P. Smith, Esq.

Odontioda Zenobia Houghtonii (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm.
percultum), a large flower of intensely dark purple, with small white lines on
edge of lip, from F. Houghton, Esq.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Cymbidium Alexanderi vars. Ideal and La France, from the Rev. J.
Crombleholme.

Odontoglossum excellens var. Golden Dawn and Cattleya Marguerita
(intertexta alba x O’Brieniana alba), from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Dendrobium venustum (primulinum x Pierardii), from Capt. W. Horridge.

FirRsT-cLass AWARDS OF APPRECIATION.

Odontoglossum crispum Trojan and O. promerens Prince Henry, from
S. Gratrix, Esq.

First-cLass BoranicaL CERTIFICATE.

Odontoglossum Lindleyanum aureum, from Capt. W. Horridge.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES.

Mr. A. Coningsby, for Dendrobium nobile.

Mr. E. W. Thompson, for Odontoglossum eximium var. Purple Gem.

_ A large Silver Medal was awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range
(gr. Mr. J. Howes), for a fine group.

May-JUNE, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 93.

A Silver Medal -was awarded to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham,
for a good group.

Interesting exhibits were staged by Mrs. Gratrix, Whalley Range; P.
Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson); Capt. W.
Horridge, Bury (gr. Mr. A. Coningsby) ; the Rev. J. Crombleholme,
Clayton-le-Moors (gr. Mr. E.. Marshall); F. Houghton, Esq., Appleton,.
Warrington (gr. Mr. W. Maddock); many of which figure in the above
List of Awards.

ORCHID HYBRIDISING |
ro (Continued from page 38.)

HE critical period we have seen to be in getting the germinating
seedlings over the stage of its own independent existence, and in this.
connection we may mention some experiments which have been made with
Cattleyas at Cornell University, U.S.A., and are given in a paper by Mr.
D. Lumsden (Journ. Inte Gard. Club, ii. pp. 203-212, with 4 figs.). Seeds
“were sown under aseptic conditions upon various nutrient media, and also
on wood of various kinds kept under normal and abnormal moisture
conditions; always without results. But when seeds were sown on a
mixture of equal parts of peat and sphagnum moss, covered with canvas.
and sterilised by steam before sowing, good results were obtained. But
there was one condition that is not followed in ordinary practice. It is this.
After sterilising, the canvas is raised and small sections of Orchid roots
taken from’ an allied’ plant are placed on the compost, and the canvas.
replaced. The pots are then placed in the propagating frame, and after-a
lapse of one or two days the seeds are sown, and spony. and encourag-

results have been obtained.

It is remarked: ‘‘ In no case have the results been encouraging where
the fungus [from the root sections) has not been introduced directly to the
pots or media,” though “it is true that scattering seedlings appear on check
pots that have not been sterilised ’—which it is suggested may be due to
contamination, as the check pots were placed side by side with those
containing the fungus—+.c., root sections—in the germinating case.

In order to dispel any theory of the possibility of the fungus having its
genesis in the seed, a capsule of a true C. Mossie-* C. intermedia was
taken from the plant previously to its dehiscing ; the seeds were extracted
and a number of sowings made under purely aseptic conditions, but in not
a single instance was any contamination noticeable.

It follows that the essential is to obtain pure cultures of the symbiotic

fungi in Orchid want and this must be held over.
: (To be continued:)

94 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May-JuNE, 1920.

oS be!

UGUSTIN ANDRE PEETERS.—We much regret to hear of the death

of this highly-esteemed and successful Orchidist, head of the firm of
MM. A. A. Peeters et Cie, Laeken, Brussels, which took place suddenly on
March 25th, in his eighty-sixth year. For many years the firm has specialised
extensively in Orchids, and has occupied a leading place among continental
Orchid growers, and previously M. Peeters was a successful grower of
Azaleas, Roses, and other plants. In April, 1898, at Ghent, he was unanim-
ously awarded the first prize for the best one hundred Orchids, to be judged
purely from a horticultural standpoint, while five years later he gained the
Gold Medal offered by H.M. the King of the Belgians for the best and most
varied collection—a magnificent group which is illustrated at p. 145 of our
eleventh volume, this group also receiving a Gold Medal from the Royal
Horticultural Society. He also obtained the prize for the best collection
of hybrids at the same meeting. At this time the establishment was situated
at St. Gilles, but later it was removed to an improved site at Laeken, where
a block of twenty-seven houses were erected on the latest principles.
Accounts of both establishments have appeared in our pages (xi. pp. 129-
132; Xxi. pp. 267-269). M. Peeters was for many years Vice-Chairman of
the Belgian Council of Horticulture, and was also the recipient of many
honours. His name is commemorated in the remarkable Eulophiella
Peetersiana, the handsome Cattleya Peetersii, a hybrid between C. Hardy-
ana and C. labiata, and other plants.

OBITUARY.

PHOLIDOTA CONVALLAKIZ, Hook. f.—This interesting Orchid has just
flowered in the collection of Lt.-Gen. Sir Arthur G. F. Browne, Woodside,
Lower Bourne, Farnham, a specimen having been sent for identification.
The species was originally described under the name of Ccelogyne
Convallaria, Rchb. f. (Flora, 1872, p. 277), froma plant which flowered at
Kew in April, 1867, and which is - believed to have been sent home
by the Rev. C. Parish, from Moulmein. According to him, it occurs upon
mountains there at 4,000-5,000 feet altitude. It has also been collected in
the Khasia Hills, at Kohima in the Naga Hills, and at Lushai, Assam, at
somewhat similar altitudes. The plant bears oblong pseudobulbs, with a
pair of elongated leaves, some 8 or g inches long, and compact spikes of white
flowers, about as large as lily of the valley. Sir Arthur Browne has a
house of quite various Orchids, mostly sent by friends from different parts
of the world, and he remarks that they succeed very well. This he
attributes largely to a personal acquaintance with the plants and their

May-JuNE, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 95

requirements, for he has been in jungles and forests in Burma, Lushai, the
Chin Hills, and other Indian localities where Orchids abound, and we can
well understand the pleasure he finds in the culture of such old personal
friends.—R.A.R.

PLEIONE PRriceI, Rolfe—A finely grown clump of this handsome
Formosan Pleione was exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on March
23rd last, by W. R. Price, Esq., Chepstow (gr. Mr. J. Adamson), and
gained an Award of Merit. The species was discovered by Mr. Price
during an expedition to Formosa, in company wlth H. J. Elwes, Esq., and
flowered at Kew in the spring of 1914, a figure subsequently appearing in
the Botanical Magazine (t. 8729). It is allied to P. formosana, Hayata,
another Formosan species, though from the description it differs in the
details of the lip and other characters. The flower is large, with rosy mauve
sepals and petals, and a well-fringed white lip, which has yellow keels and a
few brown markings. The flowers appear with the leaves, in which respect
it resembles the Indian P. Hookeriana, another allied species —R.A.R.

ODONTOGLOSsSUM OWENIANUM, Rolfe.—A_ spike of an_ interesting
Odontoglossum has been sent for determination from the collection of Mrs.
Bischoffsheim, Warren House, Stanmore (gr. Mr. Haddon), through Mr.
James O’Brien... Its origin is not known, but it agrees with one that was
introduced many years ago by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, and
was described under the name of Odontoglossum Owenianum (Gard. Chron.,
1892, ii. p. 178), being dedicated to G. D. Owen, Esq., Selwood, Rotherham.

t was never quite certain whether this plant was a good species or a
natural hybrid, and it was remarked that in some respects the lip recalled
O. Pescatorei, yet it was very distinct, and it was not clear what particular
combination would produce it. ‘‘The white lip, yellowish white petals,
with or without a chocolate blotch, and the sepals with the disc of the latter
colour, give it a very distinctive appearance.” Messrs. Sander then informed
us that they believed it came home with O. nevadense, but were not positive
of the fact. In 1895, what was taken for a form of the same, was thought
to have come from near the O. Harryanum district. Theone now sent has
a deltoid-ovate white lip, with a zone of small purple dots at the base of the
limb, the latter a greatly reduced edition of what occurs in O. nevadense,
without its pandurate shape. The white lip recalls O. purum, except that it
is much broader, and the column wings toothed, not reduced toa pair of
cirrhi. ©. purum has been considered as a form of O. Wallisii, which,
however, has a purple lip and toothed column wings. O. Owenianum
recalls O. Wallisii in the shape and colour of the sepals, petals, and
column, and as the latter comes from much the same district as O.

96 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May-JUNE, 1920.

nevadense the resemblance to the two is significant, yet the broader white
lip is difficult to account for. It is clear that we do not know all about the
Odontoglossums of the Sierra Nevada district.—R.A.R.

Eset

HE meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society for the current period
are as follows: An ordinary meeting at the Royal Horticultural Hall,
Vincent Square, Westminster, on May 11th, followed by the Great Spring
Show in the grounds of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, on Tuesday, Wednes-
day, and Thursday, June 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, and the usual fortnightly
meetings at Westminster, on June 15th and 29th. At the Chelsea Show
the Orchid Committee will meet at 10.30, and at the ordinary meetings at
II-45 a.m. The Summer Show is to be a Great Provincial Show at Cardiff,
on July 6th, 7th, and 8th, the arrangements being the same as at Chelsea.
The other July meeting is to be held at Westminster, the date being the
13th, after which there will be no meeting until August 24th.

ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. ass

The Manchester Orchid Society’s meetings prior to the August vacation
are June toth and 25th, and July 15th and 2oth.

CLASSIFICATION OF Hysrips.—Your correspondent ‘‘ Entente Cordiale”
is right as to the lamentable confusion arising from the use of several
different systems of nomenclature, among which everyone is free to take
his choice. It was all to be done away with by an agreed set of rules, the
use of which was to be obligatory. The net result of that set of Conferences
is that everybody still follows his own particular system, and the effect is
chaos. Let the Editor stick to the sensible rule of using the earliest correct
name, and the matter is bound to come right in the end. The other
systems will break down of their own weight, complicated by a set of
unnecessary capitals and hyphens.—F.R.H.S.

es

{Orchids are named and questions Desa — as Be ape nt th Correspondents are

requested to give the native country or parentage of plan DRESSED postcard must be

Bote 5 by post is desired lokeent 7 rey bo postcards aouke ie used). Subjects of special
varia be dealt with in the body of t

y)
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. or)

-B.S.—Photographs and notes received, sie thanks. The matter will be reported
in our next issue
Enquirer. —The € name should be written ae rubens, not Rubens, as it was
given as a Latin adjectival ser to denote
very interesting series, of whi en pi cect is unavoidabl. tponed. No. 7
isa form of of Odontoglossum illustrissimum, and 8 of O. Titania suas
E,.R.— Masdevallia tridactylites, Rchb. £, one of the best of the gnat-like species.

Erratum.—The hybrid reported at p. 58 3 C.
Yadie. Please corr — Pp. 58 as “ Cypripedium Sadie” should have been

3)
~ The Orchir ‘Review S

I QQ. VoL. XXVIII. Juty-Aucust, 1920. No. 331-332. cA

ea) OUR NOTE BOOK. ess

DONTONIAS are now in the ascendant. The handsome O. Pitti
was followed by two interesting additions at the recent Chelsea Show,
O. Gladys, derived from Miltonia Bleuana and Odontoglossum eximium,
which gained a First-class Certificate, and O. Dora, from M. Bleuana and
Odm. Dora, to which a Preliminary Certificate was given. The latter was
atiny plant, bearing its first particularly charming flower. Since then
another little gem has flowered with Messrs. Charlesworth, in this case M.
vexillaria and Odm. mirificum being the parents. Its characters are given
on page 99 under the name of Odontonia Bijou, and we have secured a
photograph for use in a future issue. In this case also the flower is
disproportionately large for the size of the plant. They have the property
of flowering while very young, and it will be interesting to watch further |
developments in this promising group.

The Chelsea Show produceda magnificient display of Orchids, including
four Gold Medal groups, though certificated Orchids were fewer than usual.
The only other that gained a First-class Certificate was Odontioda Gatton
Glory, a very large and beautiful golden yellow hybrid with a zone of red
blotches at the base of the segments, a new break, which will probably be
followed up, for there: is room for a group of hybrids of this particular
colour. Seedling Odontoglossums included a number of promising things,
which will no doubt be heard of later, and albino forms, both among
Odontoglossums and Cattleyas, contributed largely to the beauty of the
display. A surprise among the exhibits was a magnificient pan of the
Madeiran Orchis foliosa, with enormous spikes of rich purple flowers, and
broad shining recurved leaves, which gained both an Award of Merit and
a Cultural Commendation, the latter in recognition of its excellent culture.
It was greatly admired.

Hardy Orchids are looking up. There has been a fine display at Kew
and Wisley, and a group from the latter is fig-red at page I12, under the
name of Orchis latifolio-maculata, a name whieh we believe represents its

98 THE ORCHID REVIEW. _ [{Juty-Aveust, 1920.

actual origin, though it is sometimes grown both as O. maculata superba
and as O. latifolia. It occurs in many localities where the two species grow
together, and we have no doubt that it is a natural hybrid between them, in
spite of the fact that it reproduces itself from seed. It is probably an
example of a fertile hybrid, and now that Orchidsare so easily raised from
seed, the matter might easily be tested. It is significant that a hybrid
between O. maculata and the Madeiran O. foliosa has occurred
spontaneously in at least three different places where the two have been
grown together, and it is a good index of what is likely to occur in nature
under similar circumstances. There is evidence that O. incarnata and O.
latifolia also cross where they grow intermixed. A few experiments on the
question would be interesting.

** What is the precise significance of spotted leaves in the O. latifolia
group ?”’ we are asked, and the answer is not easy. In O. maculata the
leaves are normally spotted, but the spots are feeble when the plants
are grown in dense shade, and absent in the albino form. In O. latifolia—
at all events as we have long understood it—the leaves are normally un-
spotted, as they are also in O. incarnata, and there are localities from which
forms with spotted leaves seem to be entirely absent. Our experience is
that where spotted leaves occur, the common O. maculata is usually
present, and as there are other intermediate characters, we regard them as
hybrids between the two species. If this view is correct it would exclude
them from O. latifolia proper. Linnzus included spotted and unspotted
forms under O. latifolia, but the existence of natural hybrids was not
understood until long afterwards, and evidence is not wanting that
hybridity has obscured the limits of the two species from time immemprial.
Some would limit the name O. latifolia to the spotted form, but it is not in
accordance with fact, and the only figure cited by Linnzus represents the
unspotted form, which is easily recognised by the shape of the lip and the
spotted disc. The presence of an intramarginal line in the form with
spotted leaves is significant, because it is a normal character in O. maculata.

There are geographical considerations which point in the same direction.
The Algerian O. elata, the Indian O. Hatagirea, the Japanese O. aristata,
and the Madeiran O. foliosa, all of which are closely allied, and which may
be regarded as topographicil representatives of O. latifolia, have unspotted
leaves. And as regards O. foliosa we have now evidence that it is kept
true by isolation, for the natural hybrid with O. maculata has appeared
spontaneously in three separate localities where they have been grown
together. Hybridisation is a matter of opportunity, and its existence is
generally question of recognition of combined or intermediate characters.

Juty-AucusT, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 99

The present must be a good year for hardy Orchids, for several interest-
ing notes about them appear in our pages, particularly one relating to the
re-discovery of the long-lost Orchis Simia in Kent, after a long interval.
When we received a Press-cutting announcing, ‘“‘ Rare Orchid found in
Kent,” we not unnaturally expected it was an announcement of the event,
but this was a mistake. ‘‘A Central News correspondent,” so it runs,
‘reports that a fine specimen of the Lizard orchid (orchis hircina) has been
found in the Ashford, Kent, district. This orchid was regarded for a long
time as extinct in Great Britain, and a great stir was created by the
discovery of a specimen in Kent a few years ago. Since then not more than
one has been found in a season, and some years have passed without any
being found.” The present season must be considered fortunate, for we
have word of it from two other Kentish localities, one of them with some
seventeen to twenty plants together, besides a few scattered specimens. We
hope they will be taken care of.

THOSE NAMES.—A Yorkshire evening paper, in an account of the
Orchid exhibits at the York Gala, speaking of the group from Gatton Park,
remarks, ‘‘The particular speciality was an Odonto Glossio Arden
Tissimum, named in honour of the late Treasurer of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society.” Our correspondent concludes that the gentleman in
question must have been a Mr. Tissi, but it looks like a struggle with the
new nomenclature. ‘‘ Adontio Alcantarie” was also discovered in one of
the Trade groups.

Opontonta Biyou.—A charming little Odontonia, derived from Miltonia
vexillaria and QOdontoglossum mirificum, has been sent by Messrs.
Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath. It is a tiny plant, with two bulbs,
and is bearing its first flower, which recalls the Miltonia in shape. The
sepals and petals are elliptical, over an inch long, with rosy reticulated
lines and dots on a white ground, and the lip is bilobed, somewhat undulate,
over one and a-half inches broad, suffused with rose in front, white behind,
and more or less dotted with rose in front of the yellow disc. It will be
interesting to watch the development of the plant.

EPIPACTIS VIRIDIFLORA, Rchb.—The February issue of the Journal of
Botany contains a paper by Col. M. J. Godfery, F.L.S., with a plate
showing E. viridiflora var leptochila, E. latifolia, and E. violacea, drawn
from living specimens by Mrs. Godfery. It is shown that there are
marked differences, both in the vegetative and reproductive organs of the
plants, and that while E. latifolia and E. violacea are fertilised by wasps,
E. viridiflora is largely self-fertilising.

100 THE ORCHID. REVIEW. [Juty-AuGusT, 1920,

ed ORCHIDS IN INDIA. Bes

T the Centenary Flower Show held in the garden of the Agri-Horticul-
tural Society, at Alipur, India, on February 2oth and 2tst last, the
first prize for specimen Orchids was won by Mr. Gosto Behary Seal, of
Calcutta, the subjects being Angraecum eburneum and Ancectochilus
Roxburghii. He was also awarded a prize for a method of propagating
Orchids from flower spikes, and was a successful exhibitor in groups that
do not come within the scope of this journal, gaining one of the five Lindley
Medals offered by the Royal Horticultural Society of London. We have
received photographs of the Orchid exhibits mentioned.

Propagation by flower spikes was already known in the case of Phale-
‘nopsis and Phaius grandifolius, but Mr. Seal mentions the case of a flower
spike of Oncidium Jamesianum, about 18 inches long, which was accidentally
broken off, but was planted, and after flowering the stem remained dormant
for a couple of months and then sent out a small plant, which rooted very
slowly. With Phalenopsis Mr. Seal has been very successful. A P
Schilleriana, he remarks, *‘ which bore a small plant on a flower spike was
tried, and the young plant, with a short piece of stem attached, was planted
in fine silver sand, rooted and ultimately grew to flowering size. Flowering
stems cut into nine inch lengths have produced plants in P. Schilleriana,
amabilis, intermedia, grandiflora, and Sanderiana. The flower-spikes of
these I generally cut just before the flowers’ completion, and instead of
throwing away the spikes, I cut them into 9-inch lengths, and pot them in
the same way, and am generally successful in getting a plant on each. Those
cuttings which did not give plants threw flower spikes on the season
following. . Several friends, both European and Indian, have also tried the
the same method and have been successful. I have found that Phaius
grandifolius is good at producing plants. When the flowering stems are
fully mature I cut them, and instead of throwing them away make them
into 6-inch cuttings, and plant them in the same way, and with complete
success, and for the past six years I have been raising young plants by this

novel method.”

eee

OPHRYS MUSCIFERA TRIANDROUS.— A very curious abnormal form of
Ophrys muscifera has been sent to Kew by Mr. Eric Ogden, King’s School,
Canterbury, which was found in a wood near there, where the Fly Orchis is
common. It was the only one found, and takes its character from the
abnormal development of the column, and the corresponding imperfect
development of the lip; all the three flowers being similar in this respect.

Juty-Aucust, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. Io

A closer examination reveals the fact that the petals are absent, being
replaced by a pair of additional anthers, adnate to the sides of the column,
and each containing a pair of additional pollinia. Only the cells of the
central, normal anther, however, bear the usual pair of glands, this, of
course, being due to the fact that there is only a single rostellum, the two
side lobes of which develop into glands. It is an exceedingly curious
development, and is due to the union of the petals with the column and
their consequent transformation into a pair of additional anthers. We do
not find a similar example in this species, though other abnormal develop-
ments have been observed.—R.A.R.

—_——+>-0<-
Opurys BotTeronn, Chodat.—Another highly interesting discovery
can now be recorded. The natural hybrid between Ophrys apifera and
arachnites has been re-discovered between Dover and Folkestone. A
beautiful example with three flowers has been sent by Mr. H. Walker, of
Folkestone, together with the parents, and it is remarked, ‘‘ They grow in
some cases almost side by side. I found it first last year, and that
specimen is in Mr. Hanbury’s collection.” Major G. W. Harris, of
Canterbury, also sends two specimens, with typical examples of both
parents, and points out the way the characters are combined. The history
of the hybrid has been given (O.R., xxvii. p- 142), and there is no longer
any doubt of the correctness of the remark made by the Rev. G. E. Smith,
Over ninety years ago, that ‘‘O. arachnites and apifera, by a commixture
of pollen, produce a great variety of character.’’ The hybrid possesses an
unmistakable combination of the parental characters, having the strongly
recurved lip of apifera, but it is larger in size, and has a terminal apiculus,
much smaller, less hairy side lobes, and broad rosy petals, all most like
arachnites, which latter has a much broader, flatter lip. These characters
were originally observed by Smith, who remarked upon the greater
resemblance to Q. arachnites. It is probable that the hybrid has been
frequently overlooked, because of a general resemblance between the two
parent species, but O. apifera is always easily distinguished by the long,
narrow petals, the seHeN sagt much recurved lip, which carries the
apiculus completel h, and the long caudicle of the pollinia. It may
be rasieniberes that Messrs. Walker and Harris were the discoverers of O.
hybrida in Kent (O.R., xiii. p. 234, fig. 56), and they have both seen the
plant again this year, in fact, Mr. Walker remarks that it is “ quite estab-
lished and flowers year by year.” Major Harris also announces a colony
of “some 17 to 20 plants of Orchis hiricina at one spot. A specimen
‘Lizard’ was allowed to seed some years back, and besides this colony
many isolated specimens are being found.” Other residents on the chalk
should go and do likewise.—R. A. ROLFE.

102 THE ORCHID ..REVIEW. [JuLy-AUGUST, 1920.

x é

EVERAL interesting British Orchids have been sent by Sir Jeremiah
Colman, Bart., who found them on June 6th growing wild in his
fine Park at Gatton. There are spikes of both the Bee and Fly Orchis,
Ophrys apifera and muscifera, dark and light purple forms of the fragrant
Gymnadenia conopsea, the well-known Orchis maculata, and Cephal-
anthera grandiflora. It is pleasant to know that Sir Jeremiah takes an
interest in the native species as well as in their more gorgeous cousins of
the tropics, and we well remember the interesting series he included in a
fine group staged at Holland House in 1907. This series included also
Orchis pyramidalis, Aceras anthropophora, the green man Orchis, and
Listera ovata (O.R., xv. p. 242). Other species are known, for example,
Brewer, in his Flora of Surrey, records Neottia Nidus-avis, Habenaria
bifolia, and Herminium monorchis from Gatton Park, and even a single
plant of the Monkey Orchis (called O. tephrosantha, another name for
O. Simia), is said to have been found by Miss Porter in a copse near the
Upper Lodge of Gatton Park at the beginning of June, 1853, and the
gardener stated that he had seen it in the same spot on two or three former
occasions. Sir Jeremiah has alsoa record of Epipactis latifolia, which it has
been suggested may be E. media, though we should not be surprised to find
both in the Park, for Brewer records the former as frequent in woods about
Gatton, and the latter as occuring in a dense shaw near Upper Gatton,
west of the high road. We should expect to add at least Orchis mascula,
O. Morio and Spiranthes autumnalis.

With respect to Orchis militaris, which is thought to have been seen,
and about which special enquiry is made, we find no information. Mr.
Choules is said to have gathered it between Mickleham and Box Hill, and
Trimen vouches for its correctness (Journ. Bot., 1872, p. 211). The
question, perhaps, is whether it was O. militaris or O. Simia that was
observed, and the point cannot be cleared up until another specimen is
found.

The locality is upon the chalk, like Box Hill, once famous for its native
Orchids, though they long ago succumbed to the attacks of itinerant flower
gatherers. We have an idea that at Gatton it would be possible to preserve
any of the remaining species, and perhaps introduce others, if a small
area were set apart for the purpose and railed off. It might be advisable to
keep down the ranker vegetation, but the smaller grasses forma natural
protection, besides forming a pleasing background when the plants are in
bloom. With a wet spot at the foot one could also grow some of the showy
marsh Orchises. The subject has possibilities —R.A.R.

ve
ORCHIDS AT GATTON. | pS

Juty-Avcust, 1920.) TIE ORCHID REVIEW. 103

| Rises | ORCHIS ELATA. Per]

ROBABLY the finest Orchis of the O. latifolia set—not even excluding
p the handsome Madeiran O. foliosa—is the one known as O. latifolia
Glasnevin var., of which-a well-grown clump, bearing a dozen spikes, is
now one of the features of the Kew rockwork. It is also in fine condition
at Glasnevin, as we know by a spike received from Sir Frederick W. Moore,
who remarks: ‘“ There were good plants of it here when I came in June,
1879. I always understood it had been found in Co. Dublin by my father.”
After the note on its history was given (O.R., xxvi. p. 130), a careful
comparison with the Algerian.O. Munbyana was made, which convinced us
of the identity of the two, and we now suspect that the native Dublin plant,
- the one called O. latifolia var. praecox, is different from that called Glasnevin
var. This view is strengthened by a remark made by Sir Frederick Moore,
that the latter ‘‘ does not seed about.’’ And he adds: ‘‘ The most prolific
seeder we have is O. latifolia, a quite good variety which comes up every-
where in the grass and in pots, of which I send you a good average specimen,
a seedling that came up ina pot inthe Alpine yard.” This free-seeding
character was reported of the variety przecox as long ago as 1876, of which
full details are given in our note. This brings us to Orchis Munbyana, since
identified with the earlier O. elata, which is almost a lost species.

OrcHIS ELATA, Poir., was described as long ago as 1789 (Voy. en
Barbarie, ii. p. 248), as a handsome Orchis, often over two feet high, with
spikes, some eight inches long, of violet-coloured flowers. It was said to be
abundant on the plains of Mazoule. In the Algerian herbarium of the late
Giles Mumby we find specimens so labelled, which were collected at Maison
Carree; also others labelled O. latifolia, collected in the marshes of
Harratch. The latter became the type of O. Munbyana, Boiss. et Reut.
(Pugill. Pl. Nov., p. 112). Munby had enumerated both (Fl. Alger., p. 99),
citing O. foliosa, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1701, as synonymous with O. latifolia ;
an obvious mistake, but we cannot distinguish O. Munbyana from O. elata.
The subsequent history of the latter is almost a comedy. Lindley called it
Gymnadenia elata? (Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 277). Reichenbach included it
under QO. incarnata as var. algerica (F/. Germ., xiii. p. 53); and Klinge, ina
monograph of the section Dactylorchis, includes both it and O. Munbyana
under what he calls O. orientalis subsp. africana (Act. Hort. Petrop., xvii.
pt. 1, p. 186), both the species and subspecies being new names of his own
creating, while both O. latifolia and O. incarnata are treated as different.
Cosson calls it O. latifolia var. Munbyana, while Camus has it as O.
incarnata subsp. elata var. Munbyana.

How O. elata came into cultivation now becomes doubtfal, but there is

\

104 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JuLyY-AuGUST, 1920.

another Algerian Orchid of the O. latifolia group, namely O. Durandii,
Boiss. et Reut., and we have evidence of introductions from that country.
Mr. G. S. Lawson, in 1860, spoke of picking up some Orchises in Algeria,
and among them O. latifolia (Trans. Edinb. Bot. Soc., vi. p. 274). In July,
1873, Mr. George Maw sent a plant to Kew for name that he had brought
from Tangier. Mr. Baker thought it was a large variety of O. latifolia,
near the Madeiran O. foliosa. Mr. Maw replied that he had flowered O.
foliosa from a neighbouring country and it was certainly distinct, also an
O. foliosa of unknown origin from a friend. The latter was probably the
true Madeiran plant, and as the Tangier plant is O. Durandii, the proba-
bility is that the third was O. elata. Again, in June, 1880, an Orchis was
received from Glasnevin with the record, ‘‘ Algeria, Prof. Percival Wright.”
Mr. Baker called it O. Munbyana, B. & R., but it has the laxer spike and
longer bracts of O. Durandii. Both, however, are Algerian, and there is
at least the possibility that both may have been collected. Camus calls the
latter O. incarnata var Durandii. The fact is, the O. latifolia group contains
a number of distinct topographical forms, whose relations to each are not
yet clear, and there is a further complication by hybridisation when these
forms happen to group intermixed, sometimes even when planted together
in gardens, as in the case of O. folioso-maculata.—R. A. ROLFE.

NaTivE OrcuHips 1n Kent.— Recent discoveries in Kent serve to
recall an interesting note by Mr. G. C. Oxenden on its native Orchids
(Trans. Edinb. Bot. Soc., vi. p. 432). I have seen, he remarks, some very
fine sights this May and June—viz., vast tracts of steep picturesque Grass
hills extending for some miles, and throughout their whole length decked
and garnished with one or the other of the following plants :—Ophrys
aranifera and muscifera, Orchis ustulata, a lovely Orchid, and Habenaria
bifolia—all this vast range of hill slopes to the south and south-west. The
east side of the same range isall forest ground, and it affords in abundance
every variety of Orchis fusca, froma. dull white to a very deep
mulberry colour, and in size over twenty inches. . Near Broome Park,
Canterbury, grows the monarch Orchid, Orchis hircina, the Lizard Orchid ;
and within fifty yards of my house I have one growing, which at this
moment (25th June, 1860) is 294 inches high, and with 50 “‘ Lizards”’ upon
it. July will afford me very fine specimens of Ophrys arachnites, and if
you have never seen the wonderful varieties of this Orchid, they will
astonish you. Some of the varieties of the Bee Orchis are also exceedingly
curious. In August we get Herminium monorchis in abundance, very
minute, very fragrant, and under the microscope the most beautiful object
imaginable. In July and August we have Epipactis latifolia and E.

_ purpurata in tolerable abundance.

Juty-Aucust, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 105

LYCASTE BALLIZ.

HE hybrid between Lycaste Skinneri and L. macrophylla is extremely
floriferous and beautiful, as may be seen from the annexed figure,
which represents a plant exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., at a
meeting of the R.H.S. held in January, 1896. The thirteen flowers shown
are all borne on a single bulb. The hybrid originally bloomed in the
collection of G. S. Ball, Esq., in January, 1896, when we received a flower,

Fig. to. LycasTE BALLI#.

but owing to a doubt about the second parent, it was provisionally referred
to L. schcenbrunnensis, a liybrid from L. Skinneri and L. Sehilleriana
(O.R., ii. p. 40). The point was afterwards cleared up. The plant received
a First-class Certificate from the Manchester Orchid Society in November,
1898. The sepals are irregularly mottled with carmine on a terra cotta
ground, and the petals rosy crimson, shading off to white at the tips.
‘Other hybrids from the same parentage are varieties of L. Balliz.

106 THE ORCHID REVIEW. _ [Juty-Atcust, 1920.

. CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JULY-AUGUST.

By J. T. BARKER, Orchid grower to His Grace the Duke of
Marlborough, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxon.

URING the two warmest summer months, the general growing
conditions of the various departments should remain as previously
advised, every effort being made to maintain free and vigorous growth, and
success will be sure to follow. The daily routine of watering, damping,
shading, cleaning, and ventilating will occupy the grower’s time, but the
monotony will be broken by watching the daily progress of the plants, and
in many cases, the advancement is evident. This is perhaps more apparent
this season than during the last few years, owing to the increased labour
available, and the general return to more normal conditions is welcome,
and should benefit our collections materially. The climatic conditions that
prevail at this period are generally favourable to the development of the
plants. Warm days and dewy nights are congenial to the occcupants Of
the Warm, Cattleya and Mexican houses. The cool dewy nights are also
appreciated by the inhabitants of the Cool houses, though during the day
the usual steps should be taken to prevent any excess of temperature.

VENTILATION.—To give plants every chance of deriving benefit from
the cool and moist night air, the bottom ventilators should be left open in
the warm houses, whilst in the cooler departments the top ventilators may
also be used, whenever the outside conditions are favourable for such a
procedure. Orchids succeed much better under the modern rational treat-
ment than ever they did in the days when they were coddled, as fresh air is
to them as essential as it is to a consumptive patient.

ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE.—This free ventilation, and the increased
amount of sun heat, necessitates a greater amount of atmospheric moisture,
care being taken that this is not carried too far during a spell of cold weather.
The health of the plants depends entire!y on the conditions provided for them,
hence the necessity of careful observations of the outside conditions at all
times.

SHADING.—In order to strengthen and solidify the new growth, in bulbs
and leaves, the shading may be removed earlier in the afternoon as the
season declines, the plants at this season being much better able to with-
stand strong light, and more air, than they were at the beginning of their
growing season. As the different species complete their season’s growth, it
is generally advisable, if possible, to remove such plants to a house where
they may gradually receive more light, air, and Jess moisture. Those plants
that are in full growth should receive water at the roots whenever they
become dry, as perfect development of growth is only possible under

Juty-Aucust, 1920.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 107

suitable conditions, hence the necessity of watchfulness, especially in the
small details of cultivation.

WaATERING.— Well rooted plants at this season will take up considerable
supplies of water, whilst newly potted plants, and feeble rooting varieties
must be watered with caution.

PotTinG.—In most establishments this season there has been a great
amount of repotting to be done, owing to the arrears which accumulated
during the war, the scarcity of material and other causes. No plant can
make satisfactory root growth in a sour, decomposed material, hence the
necessity of repotting when the material becomes in that condition, if the
best results are to be obtained. A sweet healthy compost is of the first
importance, followed by a judicious use of the water pot, and the best result
can be looked for. In repotting any plants it is advisable to do them just as
they are about to push forth new roots, which will prevent them from
losing their leaves, and suffering as they invariably do whenever potted ina
haphazard manner.

- CYPRIPEDIUMS of all sections that are well rooted, must from now
onwards have copious supplies of water, as if allowed to become dry they
are readily attacked by thrips, which soon disfigure their young tender
foliage, and flower spikes when they begin to push up. During fine, bright
weather, these plants may be syringed, or sprayed, which will help to keep
attacks of insect pests down and the plants clean. Soft, tepid water,
should enly be used for this purpose, as hard or dirty water leaves a deposit
on the leaves. The C. niveum section was dealt with last month.

SOBRALIAS are easily grown plants, but resent disturbance at the roots,
therefore should have special care when potting becomes necessary. When
they cease flowering, any that are in need of new material should have
attention. A mixture of good fibrous loam and peat, of a similar nature to
that used for Cymbidiums, makes a suitable compost. They should be
potted moderately firmly, and water must be sparingly applied to them
until the new roots get into action. Sobralias thrive best inthe Cattleya
house, and when their growth is completed enjoy a fairly dry resting season,
but having no pseudobulbs, this should not be carried to excess. An
occasional spraying will be the means of keeping the plants clean, and
preventing insect pests.

CATTLEYAS AND ALLIES.—Many species of Cattleya, Lelia and their
numerous hybrids have recently passed their flowering stage, and those
plants that need repotting should be attended to when the plants are about to
make new roots. The idea of potting all the members of this large family
at one season is now obsolete, and rather than let the plant bein a starved
condition, it is much better to repot it, irrespective of season. Much.
valuable time may be gained in this manner, and a host of plants done, instead

108 _ THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JuLy-AuGusT, 1920.

of pressing them all into the busy season. When repotting any of these
plants, the beginner should remember that over-potting is an evil, and
should be guarded against; the smaller the pot the better the safeguard
against injury from excessive watering at the roots. The careful observer
will notice great diversity in the nature of the roots of this complicated
family, some being quite robust rooters, others quite feeble, making roots of
a thin wiry nature. The thick rooters are generally very strong growers
and are capable of filling a larger receptacle with roots than those which
make roots of a finer nature. The latter should be placed in the smallest
receptacle possible. Cattleya Warneri, after repotting should be kept on the
dry side, and only receive sufficient water to keep the pseudobulbs plump:
As the plants are at rest, if this treatment is adopted, they will make many
roots, and break away strongly into growth at their proper season. The
Same remarks apply to C. Warscewiczii (gigas), which after flowering
should have any necessary repotting done, and be kept fairly on the dry side
until the plants start into growth in the spring. When re-established they
should be gradually exposed to more sun and air, to consolidate and ripen
their growths. This is the secret of flowering this, and other so-called shy-
flowering Cattleyas. Lelia purpurata also delights in much the same
treatment, but it is obvious that in a family so diversified there are some
exceptions to any rule that can be laid down.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM AND ALLIES.—This family of Orchids isat the
present time one of the most popular, as well as one of the most useful.
Towards the end of August a start should be made to repot any Odonto-
glossums of this section which require it. The proper time to repot is
when the new growths have attained the length of several inches,
according to the strength of the plants, and are about to push forth new
roots, commencing with the most forward, and following on with others as
theyreach the desired stage. As many as possible should be done at this
season, as they quickly re-establish themselves. Large pots should not be
used, and the old rootless and leafless pseudobulbs should be removed.
These may be used for Propagation, and if the eyes are sound will soon
Start into growth if placed upon any damp material, such as alayer of
sphagnum moss, and sprayed from time to time.

MEXICAN OpoNToGLossossuMs.—Plants of the Mexican O. citrosmum
in most collections have passed their flowering season, and as the young
growths are making considerable headway, now is the time for any
necessary repotting. Asthe plants do not make many roots, receptacles of
the smallest size should be used. Shallow pans, that may be suspended
from the roof, are preferable to baskets. Afford good drainage, and use
a shallow compost of Osmunda fibre, At fibre, and peat, chopped up
rather small and well mixed together. Cut off all useless back bulbs, and pot

JuLy-AvGUST, 1920.] THE .ORCHID REVIEW. 109

each plant quite firmly. Suspend the plants from the roof of the Mexican
house, and for a few weeks after root disturbance keep the surface of the
compost just moist ; when well established copious supplies of water are
necessary. QO, citrosmum requiresa rather warm sunny position by day, but
cooler and moister conditions at night, with plenty of ventilation at all
times. O. grande, Williamsianum, Insleayi, and Schlieperianum are
growing freely, and any that are in need of new material should have
attention. A very porous compost of Osmunda fibre should be used, for,
although these plants require copious watering when in full growth, water
should pass quickly through the compost, as the fleshy roots are liable to
decay if the compost becomes dense and saturated. O. pulchellum may
also be repotted, and will succeed well ina light position in the Cool house
during the summer months, but it prefers a few degrees more heat during
the winter. As soon as growth is completed, afford the plant a rest by
keeping the compost well on the dry side; as without a rest it will not
bloom satisfactorily. |

Vanpbas.—As such plants.as V. teres and V. Miss Joaquim pass out of
bloom, any necessary repotting should be attended to. Those that are
leggy should have their stems cut off, so that the bottom leaves rest on the
top of the compost. Five or six stems should be placed in a well drained
pot, each stem being tied firmly to a neat stake, the pots then being surfaced
with growing moss. Fora few weeks after disturbance, the plants should
be carefully shaded, and by that time many young roots will have started,
if a moist atmosphere has been maintained. When the new roots are
nicely away, and new growth pushing, the plants may be gradually si Sanh
to direct sunlight, which they delight in.

Onciptums.—There are many species of Oncidium which at this season
may be repotted, should they be in need of new material. A similar
compost to that used for Odontoglossums will suit them, to which, however,
slightly more leaves may be added.

GENERAL REMARKS.—Another Chelsea show has passed, and Orchids
undoubtedly formed the most conspicuous feature, and no further proof
should be wanted, that they have not lost their hold upon the general
lovers of the beautiful. When we have out-lived the various restrictions,
under which we yet suffer, we shall soon again reach that standard of
excellence for which these shows have long been noted.

ORcHIDS FROM WALLASEY, CHESHIRE.—A charming series of Cool
house Orchids is sent by G. Short, Esq., Wallasey, Cheshire, the majority
being Odontoglossums. There are over a dozen forms of O. crispum, white,
blush, rose, and spotted, and of excellent shape and texture, among them
the varieties White Swan, Bonnyanum, and Adelina Patti, a well- blotched

be te) THE ORCHID REVIEW. {Juty-AuGuST, 1920:

form. Ofthe hybrids we may mention a brilliant O. armainvillierense, and
the white var. xanthotes, with clear yellow disc to the lip, O. Soramis
(crispum X Phoebe), showing well the cirrhosum ancestry, O. illustrissimum,
a finely blotched form, an excellént O. Titania, a spray of O. Clytie, and
some unnamed ones, among which we note a pretty light purple with
darker mottling, aud a dark brown hybrid of the mirificum type. A fine
example of O. Pescatorei, with flowers of Odontioda rosefieldiensis, O.
Charlesworthii, and Zygopetalum crinitum complete the series. They are
sent as examples of plants in bloom in an amateur’s modest little house, and
Mr. Short is to be congratulated on the result.

| =% | NEW ORCHIDS. i [33 |

N a forty-seventh Decade of New Orchids in the Kew Bulletin the

majority are South African, described from dried specimens, but there

are two species of Phalenopsis from garden plants, both belonging to the
section Stauroglottis. :

PHALENOPSIS LATISEPOLA, Ro_Fe.—An ally of P. denticulata, Rchb. f.,
which flowered in the collection of M. Roger Liouville, of Maure, Ille-et-
Villaine, France, in April, 1914, when it was sent to Kew through Sir F. W.
Moore, Glasnevin. The flowers are said to be violet-scented, and have
greenish-yellow sepals and petals with rows of red-brown dots, and the
white lip has a purple apex.—Kew Bull., 1920, p. 130.

PHAL@NopsiIs MicHo.irzit, Rolfe.—An ally of P. tetraspis, Rchb. f.,
which was introduced by Messrs Sander through their collector, W.
Micholitz, in 1889, though not previously described. The flowers are

cream white, with numerous long hairs on the front lobe of the lip—Kew
Buil., 1920, p. 130.

—————

ODONTOGLOSSUM EXIMIUM XANTHOTES: A CURIOUS GROWTH.—When
recording a curious growth ona plant received from Messrs. Charlesworth
(O.R., xxvi. p. 231), it was remarked; ‘ The future behaviour of the plant
will be watched with interest.” The succeeding growth showed precisely
the same conspicuous, semi-transparant margin to the leaves, and now it
has produced three flowers showing another kind of abnormality. The
inner halves of the lateral sepals are coloured like the crest of the lip, and
there is also a yellow, slightly thickened line at the base of each petal. The
dorsal sepal is wholly white, and the usual yellow spots are confined to
the lip, and the inner halves of the lateral sepals. It would now be
interesting to know if the original plant, had similar flowers.—R.A.R.

Juty-Aucust, 1g20.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. IIf

ORCHID HYBRIDISING 4
(Continued from page 93.)

HE method of preparing pure cultures of the symbiotic fungi in Orchid
roots is next described by Mr. Lumsden. Both aériel and ordinary
roots are utilised. They are first washed thoroughly to remove any
particles of dirt or other foreign matter, then cut into one-and-a-half inch
lengths, the external surfaces being sterilised by immersion for one-half to

three minutes in a seven per cent. solution of calcium hypochlorite.

Inoculations are made in a small room constructed specially for the
purpose. A fine water spray is used to cleanse the air of any floating
material, and the table, hands and arms are carefully sterilised.
Instruments, such as scalpel, forceps and needles, are flamed after each
operation. Every possible precaution is taken to isolate the true mycorhizal
fungus. Small pieces of root, about one-eighth of an inch long, are cut off,
and transferred to the Petri dishes containing the nutrient agar, and the
cultures are grown in the dark, under average humidity, at a constant
temperature of about 25° C. Out of a series of about one hundred cultures,
only two organisms have occurred with any noticeable regularity, and
there has been no contamination.

Mr. Lumsden firmly believes that Orchidaceous plants have become,

as it were, specialised on various root fungi, and it is remarked that
experiments with a large number of crosses of the Tribe Vandee,
Cypripediee, and Epidendree are definitely showing that a separate
organism is required for each tribe, and perhaps in some cases genus, and in
very specialised cases, species. :

Work is still in progress along these lines, and more definite conclusions
will be presented in an article at a later date, illustrated with photo-micro-
graphs showing the relation between the Orchid seed and the fungus, which
it is suggested is perhaps one of mutual parasitism rather than of mutual
symbiosis.

(To be continued.)

CATTLEYA MurIEL.—The three-flowered inflorescence of a very charm-
ing albino Cattleya has been sent from the collection of Mrs. J. J. Neale,
of Oxton, Kenton, near Exeter, by Mr. E. Swinden, who remarks that its
parentage is C. Dusseldorfii Undine x C. Mendelii alba. Iti flowered out
of a batch of crosses obtained at the Ogilvie sale, and Mr. Swinden wishes
it'to be named after Miss Muriel Neale, who is a great lover of Orchids.
The flowers are pure white, of excellent shape, and with a light yellow
disc"to the lip.3

112 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JuLy-AuGUsT, 19 20.

\@| ORCHIS LATIFOLIO-MACULATA. \&
HE present figure represents a splendid clump of the natural hybrid
C Orchis latifolio-maculata, now: flowering on the rock-work of the
R.H.S. Gardens at Wisley, and for the loan of the block we have to thank
the Editor of the Garden. It has been grown as Orchis latifolia, and as
such was figured in the issue of that Journal for May 2gth last, but a visit to
Wisley on June 5th, and the opportunity of comparing a specimen with
the Kew plant, leaves no doubt as to its identity with the Kilmarnock
Orchis, sometimes known as O. maculata superba, of which a very
complete history has already been given (O.R., xxvi. pp. 177-179). One
may form an idea of what the clump is like when we say that only half

of it is here shown, that there are forty spikes, and that the flowers are

bright rose-purple in colour, with a tracery of darker purple lines on the
lip. The leaves are finely spotted with black, a character which has not
come out well in the figure. As to the decorative value of the plant, we
may repeat the remarks of the late Miss F. Hope: ‘‘ The average length
of spike ina bed of seventy-two was seven inches,.some with over nine
inches of inflorescence. A bed of this is faultless; no staking is required.
From the first peeping through the ground the extra dark markings of the
Kilmarnock Orchis make the -~ an attractive one for weeks before the
flowers make their appearance.”

Returning to the Wisley plant, we noted a still larger clump a few feet
away, bat: these were more scattered, and interspersed with about one- -third
Orchis maculata, while there were three little clusters with wholly green
leaves, though entirely typical as regards the flowers, and apparently
seedling reversions. This clump appeared'to be made. up largely of
seedlings, and in any case we have Mr. Wright's authority : for saying that
it is seeding all over the place. We saw many of them, some at considerable

distances away, and bearing apparently their first spike. Later on they
increase, becoming little clumps, a$ in the case of the green-leaved
reversions just mentioned. We believe that the stock was originally
introduced ; at all events we could not find an example of the green-leaved
O. latifolia with spotted lip which is so common in Hampshire and at West
Drayten. It may be: added that on the Kew rock-work O. - latifolio-
maculata seeds about in just the same way, and many of them are now in
bloom, differing considerably in depth ‘of colour.

This is the British hybrid formerly called Orchis Braunii, a Gantientel
plant recorded as from the same parentage, though its identity requires
confirmation (see O.R. xxvii. p. 169), partly because the Continental O.

Juty-AUGUST, 1920. ]

iy te ¥

tae

“att

vif

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Fig. 11. ORCHIS LATIFCLIC-MACULATA.

aig THE. ORCHID REVIEW. [JuLy-AUGUST, 1920,

latifolia is said to have spotted leaves, and partly because the original
‘O. Braunii is said to have green leaves. Whatever its original name may
‘be, we have evidence that the hybrid is common, widely-diffused, fertile,
and subject to reversion. Its beauty cannot be called in question, and
someone might now give us the necessary confirmation of its origin, for we
have plenty of evidence that the seeds germinate freely under suitable
conditions. The case of O. folioso-maculata is entirely parallel, it having
-appeared spontaneously in at least three different places where O. foliosa
has been grown in company with O. maculata.

ee] SOCIETIES. oe

_—_—_—_—_———

Roya HorrTicuLTuRAL.
MEETING of the Society was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall,
Westminster, on May 11th, when there was only a moderate display
-of Orchids, and these rather scattered about the building. |

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, W. Bolton, Arthur Dye,
S. W. Flory, J. Charlesworth, W. J. Kaye, J. E. Shill, F. K. Sander,
T. Armstrong, E. R. Ashton, Pantia Ralli, F. J. Hanbury, R. A. Rolfe,
-G. Wilson, R. G. Thwaites, C. J. Lucas, and R. Brooman White.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

CATTLEYA SNOWFLAKE VAR. NoEL (Dusseldorfii Undine x labiata
-alba).—A beautiful albino, bearing two flowers with a yellow lemon disc to
the lip. From Sir Herbert S. Leon.

Opontiopa GLoss BROADLANDS VAR. (Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm.
‘triumphans).—A handsome form, having broad uniformly orange-red sepals
-and petals, and some yellow on the lip. From E. R. Ashton, Esq.

ODONTOGLOssUM FaBiA RALLI’s VAR. (eximium X Aglaon).—A very
fine claret-purple flower, margined with white, and with a handsomely
blotched lip. From Pantia Ralli, Esq.

SILVER FLorA MEDALS.

To E. R. Ashton, Esq., Broadlands, Camden Oak, Tunbridge Wells,
for a fine group, including Odontioda Camden (Oda. Coronation X Odm.
illustrissimum), bearing a dozen very round and richly-coloured flowers,
margined with white, Odontoglossum Cloth of Gold (amabile x Wilck-
eanum), a fine O. Ashtonii, O. Ossulstonii, O. harvengtense, O. mirum, a
well-coloured O. crispum roseum, and several good blotched forms.

To H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), for a
good group, including a handsome form of Miltonia Charlesworthii, forms
of M. vexillaria, some brilliant Odontiodas and Odontoglossums, among the

.

Juty-Aucust, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 115

latter being O. crispum Ivanhoe and O. Lambeauianum var. Stapelia, the
latter densely and uniformly spotted with rose, and other good things. The
group also contained a few interesting botanical species. -

_To Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, for a fine group, in
which Odontoglossums, Miltonias and Leliocattleyas were conspicuous,
noteworthy exhibits being a very fine Odontoglossum Wilckeanum with
twelve flowers, a well-bloomed Sophronitis grandiflora, and several other
good things.

To Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, for a choice group,
containing some excellent examples of Miltonia Charlesworthii and Lyoth,
the green and black Ccelogyne pandurata, Cattleya Skinneri Temple’s var.,
C. Irene (Mossiz Wageneri X Suzanne Hye), a coloured C. Dusseldorfii,
Odontioda Charlesworthii, Eurydice and xanthotes, O. Flora (Lambeau-
ianum X Joan), red-brown with mottled lip, Lzliocattleya Elinor (L.
Coronet X Lc. Schilleriana), with two orange-coloured flowers, Odontonia
Irene, the pretty Odontoglossum Philipsianum aureum, and a number of
finely blotched hybrids.

SILVER BANKSIAN MEDALS.

To Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashstead Park (gr. Mr. Farnes), for a choice
group of Odontoglossums and Odontiodas, the latter including brilliant
forms of Chantecler and Enchantress, and the former O. Phillip (harveng-
tense X Phillipsianum), handsomely blotched with claret-red on a yellow
ground, OQ. Emma (eximium X ashteadense), a richly-coloured hybrid, and
three charming O. crispum xanthotes.

To Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, for a very interesting group, including
examples of Cochlioda Neetzliana, Odontioda rosefieldiensis and Cook-
soniz, a very fine Miltonia Charlesworthii, Ccoelogyne Lawrenceana,
Bulbophyllum penicillium, Masdevallia Houtteana, Dendrobium Pierardii,
Odontoglossum cordatum, etc.

OTHER EXHIBITS.

The Hon. Robert James, Richmond, Yorks. (gr. Mr. Benstead), sent
Odondoglossum St. Nicholas (eximium X promerens), a richly-coloured
form.

Sir Herbert S. Leon, Bletchley Park (gr. Mr. W. W. Field), sent a
tichly-coloured Lzeliocattleya Sir David Beatty var. Leonia (Dominiana x
Wellsiana), Miltonia vexillaria Thomrpsonii with two spikes, and the pretty
blush-pink Brassocattleya langleyensis.

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill), sent
cut spikes of four and five flowers of Lzliocattleya Aphrodite and Lc.
Fascinator, the latter in light and dark-coloured forms.

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham Hill (gr. Mr. Gover),
sent a richly-coloured Laliocattleya Domos.

116 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Juty-AucusT, 1920-

THE CHELSEA SHOW.

The Great Spring Show was held at the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, on
June ist, 2nd, and 3rd, and brought together a magnificent display of
Orchids, which were staged at the sides of the large central tent. The
plants were arranged in undulating banks and dells, producing a very
charming effect, which might have been improved if greater space had been
allotted to individual groups. The trade made a special effort, the result
being eight brilliant groups, of excellent quality, three of which gained Gold
Medals, while a similar award went to a splendid group exhibited by Sir
Jeremiah Colman, Bart. Certificated Orchids were fewerthan usual. The
attendance was good, and an early visit was made by Her Majesty the
Queen, accompanied by Princess Mary and other members of the Royal
Family.

Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair), J.
O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, A. McBean, Arthur Dye, J. Cypher, H. G.
Alexander, F. K. Sander, S. W. Flory, G. Wilson, W. H. Hatcher,
Stuart H. Low, R. A. Rolfe, J. W. Potter, Walter Cobb, H. J. Chapman,
E. R. Ashton, R. G. Thwaites, and Clive Cookson.

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.

-Ovontiopa GaTToN-GLory (Odm. King George V. X Oda. Colmaniz).
—A large and very beautiful hybrid, the flowers of Odontoglossum shape,
and canary yellow in colour, with a large red blotch on the sepals and lip,
and two rather smaller ones side by side on the petals, these forming a
zone of colour which sets the flowers off to great advantage. From Sir
Jeremiah Colman, Bart.

OponTonia Grapys (Miltonia Bleuana X Odm. eximium exquisitum).—
~ A remarkable hybrid, most like the Miltonia in shape and the Odonto-
glossum in colour. The sepals and petals are claret-purple, margined and
slightly splashed with white, while the exceptionally broad lip has a zone of
white beyond the crest, and a much broader white margin. From Messrs.
Charlesworth & Co.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

MILTONIA MEMORIA CROWN PRINCESS MARGARET.—A very beautiful:

hybrid of the M. Sander type, having blush-white flowers with a claret-
purple mask at the base of the lip. From Messrs. Sanders.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPO-SOLON vAR. KENNETH.—A_ beautiful deep
claret-coloured variety, with some white markings between the nearly
confluent blotches. From Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.

ODONTOGLOssUM St. GEORGE VAR. ALBION (eximium X Alexandrina).—
A very richly-coloured variety, segments claret-coloured, tipped with lilac,
and the lip handsomely blotched. From Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.

ORCHIS FoLIosA—A well-known Madeiran species, shown in ex-

Juty-Aucust, 1920.} THE ORCHID REVIEW. 117

ceptionally fine condition, a pan of ten plants with dense spikes of rich

purple flowers. From Mrs. Evelyn Holden,’ ‘Goldwell, Newbury. A

Cultural Commendation was also awarded to this excellent exhibit.
PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION.

OponTonia Dora (Miltonia Bleuana X Odontoglossum Dora).—A tiny
plant, bearing its first flower, which was most like the Miltonia in shape,
and the colour white with a large rose-purple blotch at the base of each
segment. A very charming acquisition. From Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.

WILLIAMs’ GOLD MEDAL.

The premier award went to Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards
Heath, for a magnificent group of well-grown plants, including a rich series
of albino and blotched Odontoglossums, Odontiodas, Lzliocattleyas, and
others. The centre was largely made up with Miltonia Charlesworthii, and
elsewhere we noted, good examples of Cattleya Skinneri alba and the
brilliant Temple’s var., C. Mossiz Wageneri and C. Warneri alba, the
green and black Cologyne Mayeriana; two well-bloomed C. Dayana
Odontoglossum Phillippsianum aureum, Anguloa Ruckeri, Lelia purpurata
Queen Alexandra with five white flowers, the brilliant scarlet Odontioda
Isabella, from ©O. Chantecler and a blotched Odm. crispum, O.
Charlesworthii, several examples of the charming Habenaria rhodochila,
Odontonia Vulcan (O. Louise X M. Charlesworthii), O. Latona (M.
Bleuana X Odm. mirificum), Epidendrum vitellinum, Brassocatlelia Zora
{Bcl. Adonis x C. Mossi), Miltonia Venus, &c., &c., the group being
excellent in every respect. 7

GoLp MEDALS.

To Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. J. Collier), for a
rich group, staged in the form of an undulating bank, and including many —
fine Odontoglossums, Odontiodas, Cattleyas, Lzliocattleyas, Brasso-
cattleyas, &c., with tall Dendrobiums and others behind. In front we noted
a charming little series of botanical rarities, including the pink Australian
Sarcochilus Cecilie, Masdevallia trichete and calura, Ccelogyne
Schilleriana, Bulbophyllum nudiscapum and barbigerum, Cirrhopetalum
miniatum, the graceful Pleurothallis stenopetala, Lycaste cruenta, L.
Imschootiana, and the dark green L. Locusta, Dendrobium Parishii,
Physosiphon Loddigesii, &c. We also note good examples of Brassocattleya
Shilliana, Epidendrum Boundii, Miltonia vexillaria memoria G. D. Owen,
Cattleya Mossiz, C. Skinneri Temple’s var, and C. S. alba, Miltonioda
Acteus, blush pink with a cherry red blotch at the base of the sepals and
lip, Odontioda Chantecler, Cochlioda Noetzliana, and others too numerous
to mention. He .

To Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, for an excellent
group, both as regards quality and arrangement, and including a profusion

118 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ JuLy-AuGUST, 1920

of fine Odontoglossums, Odontiodas, Miltonias, Lzeliocattleyas, and others,
among specially noteworthy plants being Odontoglossnm Ancre (armain-
villierense X Mars) and O. Aspasia Orchidhurst var., two richly-blotched
forms, Odontioda Armstrongiit (Oda. Vuylstekee x Odm. Armstrongiz),
rich scarlet, Brassocattleya Veitchii splendens, Cypripedium Goultenianum
Orchidhurst var., a very fine form, Leliocattleya Ianthe (Lc. Dominiana X
C. Warneri), a richly-coloured hybrid, Lc. Teucra nobilior, two brilliant
varieties of Cattleya Niobe, several fine Miltonias, and numerous others
which we have not space to enumerate.

To Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, for a very fine and effectively-
arranged group, in which the Odontoglossums were particularly good, one
splendid ©. crispum bearing a spike of seventeen flowers, while handsomely
blotched and yellow forms were conspicuous. In the centre was a bank of
white Odontoglossums arranged with scarlet Odontiodas and well-grown
Miltonias, and at the back and sides some good Cattleyas, Lzliocattleyas,
Oncidium McBeanianum, and others, while among specially noteworthy
plants were, Odontoglossum Fascinator aureum, O. luteopurpureum
Vuylstekeanum, O. St. George var. Evansianum, with two immense flowers,
QO. illustrissimum Shrubbery var., Odontioda Orestes (Oda. Coronation X
Odm. percultum), the scarlet O. keighleyensis, Oncidioda Cooksonie,
Cypripedium. Lawrenceanum hackbridgense, and some very beautiful
Miltonias, an altogether worthy exhibit.

SILVER-GILT FLORA MEDALS.

To Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, for a rich and varied group
of well-grown plants, containing many specially fine Leliocattleya
Aphrodite and Fascinator, Lelia purpurata, Odontoglossums, Miltonias and
other showy Orchids, with good examples of such old favourites as Vanda
teres gigantea, Anguloa Clowesii and Ruckeri, Odontoglossum Uroskinneri
album, O. cordatum aurem, a lot of Cypripedium Maudiz, Cattleya
Skinneri alba and C. Dusseldorfii Undine, Masdevallia Veitchiana,
coecinea, Stella, Reichenbachiana, muscosa, and_ calura, Trichopilia
Backhouseana, Bulbophyllum barbigerum, and others, with some tall
Epidendrums and Cypripediums behind, and the whole very tastefully
arranged. .

To Messrs. Flory & Black, Slick. for another beautiful group, in which
the Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas were particularly effective, a. series of
thirty albino Cattleyas including beautiful examples of Cowanie alba, The
Bride, Brenda and Magali Sander. We noted also several brilliant C.
Empress Frederick, several Leliocattleya Aphrodite, Fascinator, and
Dominiana, Lc. Chimera (Le. Hector x C. Dowiana Rosita), Le.
Pavlova (C. Empress Frederick x Le. Pizarro), Lc. Nazimova (L. pumila
x C. Tityus), Cattleya Snowdrop (Harrisoniana Stanley’s var. X

Juty-Aucust, 1920.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 119

intertexta), fine forms of Odontioda Hiawatha and Brackenhurst, a number
of good Odontoglossums, both of the eximium and Black Prince type, O.
plumptonense var. Helictrope, O. Eros var. Sentinel, Disa Blackii and
Luna, Epiphronitis Veitchii, and other good things.

SILVER-GILT GRENFELL MEDALS.

To Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, for a very rich group, in
which forms of Cattleya Mendelii and Mossize were numerous and varied in
colour, with fine examples of C.: Warscewiczii, Warneri, Empress Freder-
ick, and Dusseldorfii Undine, many brilliant Leeliocattleyas and Brasso-
cattleyas, Celogyne pandurata, Nanodes Medusez, Renanthera Imschoot-
jana; Oncidium papilio, Kramerianum, Marshallianum, and varicosum
Rogersii, Sophrocatlelia Beta (Sl. Psyche x C. Maggie Raphael alba),
Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, Diacrtum bicornutum, Phalenopsis amabilis,.
Brassocatlelia Decia, the rare Masdevallia trichete, Brassavola Digbyana,.
Bulbophyllum. barbigerum, and a beautiful series of Odontoglossums and
Odontiodas; a very brilliant series.

To Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher, Rawdon, E. Yorks, for cnether
excellent group of Cattleyas, Lzliocattleyas, Miltonias, Odontoglossums,.
Odontiodas, and others, noteworthy exhibits being Lc. San Juan, a very fine
white with purple front to the lip, some good Lc. Aphrodite, Cattleya
Myra Peeters, Anguloa Cliftonii, Miltonia Charlesworthii with three fine
spikes, many good M. Bleuana, a beautiful M. Hyeana with an eight-.
flowered spike, two plants of the rare M. Phalzenopsis, Cypripedium niveum,
Cochlioda Neetzliana, good examples of Odontioda Charlesworthii, the rare
Angrecum Leonis, and a lot of fine Odontoglossums, white and blotched.

SILVER FLora MEDAL.

To Mr. H. Dixon, Spencer Park, Wandsworth Common, for a Bood
group of well-grown Leliocattleya Aphrodite, Odontoglossum crispum,.
O. c. Black Prince, O. Facinator, some good Miltonia vexiilaria and M.
Charlesworthii, Cymbidium Lowianum and var. concolor, a_ brilliant
Sophronitis grandiflora with eight flowers, Cypripedium niveum, C.
bellatulum, C. callosum Sandere, and various other showy things.

OTHER EXHIBITS.

Pantia Rali, Esq., Ashtead Park (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent Gdontoeloncass
Jasper Ralli’s var., prettily blotched with mauve on a white ground, and a
brilliantly-coloured O. eximium.

G. Geale, Esq., Elmsleigh Road, Wandsworth, sent a good light form
of Brassocatlelia Triune.

Hardy Orchids were not numerous, but there were a few seeker aun
things in a group of herbaceous and alpine plants staged by Mr. G. Reuthe,
- Keston, and we noticed. the North American Cypripedium parviflorum in.
the group of Mr. Maurice Pritchard, of Christchurch.

¥20 THE ORCHID REVIEW. — [Juy-Aucust,. 1920.

The meeting of June 15th, was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall,
Vincent Square, Westminster, when the exhibits were very few in number.
Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the Chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, Arthur Dye, Sir Harry J. Veitch, R.A.
Rolfe, C. H. Curtis, F. K. Sander, J. E. Shill, R. G. Thwaites, E. R.
Ashton, Pantia Ralli, and F. J. Hanbury.
FIRST-CLASS. CERTIFICATES.

L#LIOCATTLEYA Mars VAR Mrs. WILLOUGHBY PEMBERTON (Baroness
Emma X eximia).—A very large and perfectly-shaped flower, the sepals
and broadly ovate petals rosy-mauve, and the lip rich purple, with some
yellow on the disc and some close lines in the paler throat. Exhibited
by Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E.
‘Shill).

: SILVER FLoRA MEDAL.

To Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, for a beautiful group
of choice things, the centre consisting of ten beautiful albino Cattleyas,
including C. Stuartii virginalis (Mossia Wageneri X Mendelii Bluntii),
‘C. Blackii, and C. Myra Peeters, while behind was a beautiful example of
Leliocattleya Martinetii, Lc. Fascinator, Lelia tenebrosa Walton Grange
var., with clear yellow sepals and petals, a handsome Disa Blackii, a tall
scarlet Odontioda, etc., other interesting things being the rare Masdevallia
velifera, M. calura, M. Reichenbachiana, three pans of the charming
Habenaria rhodochila, one with five spikes, the interesting Myrmecolelia
tibibrosa with three flowers, reddish-buff with purple lip, Brassocatlelia
Joan, Odontoglossum Penelope (Rolfe x Olympia) with four handsomely
spotted flowers, O. Marcus (Jasper x Harryanum), a fine thing with closely
mottled flowers, some charming whites and other good things.

OTHER EXuIBITs.

W. R. Fasey, Esq., Holly Bush Hill, Snaresbrook (gr. Mr. Seymour),
sent Odontoglossum Fabia majesticum (eximium xX Aglaon), the sepals and
petals well blotched with claret, and the fine lip broadly bordered with
white.

Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, sent Odontoglossum crispum_ belgicum,
bearing five well-shaped white flowers, with a zone of red-brown. blotches
on the segments.

MANCHESTER AND NorTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.

At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on May 6th, the
members of Committee present were : Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair),
Messrs. R. Ashworth, A. Burns, E. Cooper, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan,
A. Hanmer, Dr. R. N. Hartley, J. Howes, D. McLeod, §: McNab, 2.
Thompson and H. Arthur (Secretary). :

Juty-Aucust, 1920.) THE. ORCHID REVIEW, 121

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES,

« deavapiaanns Ccrispum virginale Princess Mary; ©. hellemense (har-
vengtense X crispum), a noble flower, sepals and petals rich yellow, heavily
blotched with reddish brown; Odontioda Chantecler var. flammea, flowers
of fine shape and rich scarlet in colour; and Cattleya Mendelii alba The
Queen ; from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Odontoglossum Phillipsianum var. aureum (luteopurpureum Vuylsteke-
anum X eximium xanthotes), probably the finest yellow yet flowered,

-_ heavily spotted with deep yellow on a light ground (a Silver Medal being

also awarded); and O. Doreen var. majesticum (eximium X Empress of
India), from P. Smith, Esq.

Odontoglossum crispum Leonie (Britannia x Leonard Perfect), a grand
form, flowers heavily blotched with reddish brown, from Mrs. Gratrix.

Odontioda Gladys var. Enchantress (Oda. Bradshawie x Odm. Pesca-
torei), a fine plant, bearing a spike of 15 flowers, sepals and petals blotched
with red on a white ground and margined with magenta, lip almost white in
front, from Messrs. Sanders.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Brassocattleya Triune var. Victory, from Mrs. Gratrix.

Odontoglossum Amazon, Brassocattleya Joan var. Golden Wren, Leelio-
¢attleya Moonbeam var. Radiance, and Cattleya Mossie grandis, from
S. Gratrix, Esq.

Odontoglossum eximium xanthotes var. Snowball, from P. Smith, Bac.

AWARDS OF APPRECIATION.

Cypripedium Gowerianum Gratrixianum (Lawrenceanum Hyeanum X
Curtisii Sanderz) (1st class), from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Odontioda Madeline var. Newline (Odm. crispum Grarieanum X Oda.
Charlesworthii) (1st class), and Odontoglossum Pioneer (Vulturia x
<rispum) (2nd class), from P. Smith, Esq.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES.

To Mr. J. Howes, for Lzeliocattleya Colombia var. Wellsiana.

To Mr. E. W. Thompson, for Miltonia Charlesworthii var. Peerless.

Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq., West Point (gr.
Mr, J. Howes), and to P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W.
Thompson), for particularly choice groups.

Interesting exhibits were staged by Mrs. Gratrix, West Point (gr. Mr.
J. Howes); Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans; Messrs. Armstrong & Brown,
Tunbridge Wells, the latter a wonderful blotched Odontoglossum.

The Annual General Meeting of the Society was held at 2.30 p.m., the
Rey. J. Cromebleholme. presiding. The minutes of the previous Annual
Meeting, May, 8th, 1919, were read and confirmed, and the Report and

122 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JuLy-AuGusT, 1920.

Balance Sheet as submitted were adopted. The whole of the Officials were
reappointed for the ensuing Session, and along with the donors of prizes
were cordially thanked.

The Prizes were presented to the successful Competitors, as follows:

Charlesworth’s, for New Awards, to S. sea Esq. Gardener’s prize
to Mr. J. Howes.

McBean’s, for Odontoglossums and Odiendndiis: to S, Gratrix, Esq.
Gardener’s prize to Mr. J. Howes.

Hassall’s, for Cattleyas and Lzeliocattleyas. S. Gratrix, Esq. Gardener’s
prize to Mr. J. Howes.

Cypher’s, for arrangement_of groups, to = Gratrix, Esq. Gardenet’s
prize to Mr. J. Howes.

Evans’, for Dendrobiums, to S. Gratrix, Esq. Gardener’s prize to
Mr. J. Howes.

’ A. Hanmer’s, for most points, to S. Gratrix, Esq. Gardener’s prize to
Mr. J. Howes.

J. J. Bolton’s for Cypripediums, to S. Gratrix, Esq. Gardener’s prize
to Mr. J. Howes.

W. Pickup’s, for varieties not otherwise provided for, 2nd prize to
S. Gratrix, Esq. Gardener’s 2nd prize to Mr. J. Howes.

A. R. Handley’s, for Cultural Certificates to gardener, 1st prize to Mr.
A. Burns, 2nd to Mr. J. Howes, 3rd to Mr. A. Coningsby.

P. Smith’s for groups, 2nd prize to Mr. J. Howes.

Botanic Society of Manchester’s Gold Medal to Mrs. Bruce and Miss
Wrigley.

W. Pickup’s, for varieties not otherwise provided for, 1st prize to Mrs.
Bruce and Miss Wrigley. Gardener's prize to Mr. A Burns.

P. Smith’s for groups, 1st prize to Mr. A. Burns, 3rd prize to Mr. A.
Coningsby.

Sander’s, for Cut Flowers, to Rev. J. Crombleholme. Gardener’s prize
to Mr. E. Marshall.

The Secretary begs to report that all the above have been offered for
competition during the ensuing season with the following alteration : Mr.
J. Evans will give the Prizes for Odontoglossums and Odontiodas in lieu of
Messrs. J. & A. McBean, and in addition, S. Gratrix, Esq., and Mrs.
Gratrix (jointly) will offer a Cup, and prize to gardener for Cymbidiums.-
Full particulars of competitions appear in Member’s Booklet.

ORcCHIS SIMIA IN KENT.—After a long interval, during which it was
feared to be extinct in the country, this very rare and interesting Orchis has
again been found in East Kent. A single plant was found, growing with
Orchis Morio and Aceras anthropohora, by Mrs. S. Hall, who sent flowers to

Juty-Aucust, 1920.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 123

Kew for identification. The plant itself was left. There are several old
country records, and among them Dartford, in West Kent, from which
source a specimen is preserved in the Borrer Herbarium at Kew. It isa
chalk-loving plant, and is common in some localities on the Continent,
though apparently always rare in Britain. A painting has been made, and
the flowers are being preserved. It may be added that the plant figured as
O. militaris in Smith’s English Botany, t. 1873, from a specimen gathered
near Dartford, by Mr. Peete, F.L.S., is really O. Simia, which can always
be distinguished by its narrow, curved, dark purple lobes of the lip. In O.
militaris the lip is flatter, and the front pair of lobes distinctly dilated
upwards. These two species and the allied O. purpurea were confused in
some of the early records. Somewhat later two specimens of the rare
Lizard Orchis, Orchis hircina, weré found in the same locality, making the
twelfth species of Orchid found in the district,—R.A-R.

OpHrys PHILIPPEI, Gren.—A very interesting natural hybrid Ophrys
has been sent to Kew for determination by Dr. Joseph Poucel, Marceille,
France. It was found by him asa single example, in a wood of pines and
oaks, in the Department of Var, and is suggested as a probable natural
hybrid, with O. Scolopax as one of the parénts. The other we. believe to
have been O. aranifera, for there are marked resemblances to both, and
thus we refer it to the plant described in 1859 as O. Philippei; Gren. (Rech.
Orch. Toulon, p. 11), which was found: in the environs of Toulon by
Philippe. Of this Camus remarks that it resembles O. Scolopax rather than
O. aranifera, while one that he himself describes as ‘O..Nouletii (Journ. de
Bot., vi. p. 158) issaid to be rather nearer O. aranifera in colour. The
latter was based on a specimen gathered at Le Vernet, rives de la Ariége, by
Noulet, and from the identical parentage we must regard it as a form of the
earlier hybrid. A black and white figure of O. Nouletii is given by Camus
(Mon. Orch. Eur., p. 303, t. 25, fig. 866), and from it the plant now sent
differs in having rounder side lobes to the lip. It is about a foot high, and
bears six flowers. The sepals are white with a green mid-nerve, as described
by Grenier, and the petals light green, like those of O- aranifera in shape,
and hairy. The lip is longer than the sepals, with a pair of rounded, hairy
side lobes about the middle, and the ground colour is green, closely marbled,
or almost reticulated with dusky brown on the disc, and with a darker brown
margin. The greater part of the front is dark brown, with a little green
marbling in the centre, and a light green apex. We cannot see any other
combination of species that would produce this plant, and only two other
hybrids of O. Scolopax are known, thpse with O. apifera and with O.
fuciflora, and both are markedly different. The discovery is interesting,
_ and we had not previously seen the plant.—R.A.R.

124 THE ORCHID REVIEW. _ [Jutry-Avucust, 1920.

$$$ $$

| ORCHIDS AT THE -YORK GALA. ee
@ SE |

RCHIDS were finely represented at the Yorkshire Floral Féte and
Gala, held at Bootham Park, York, on July 16th, 17th and 18th,
this being the fifty-eigth annual Exhibition.
COMPETITIVE CLASSEs.

Messrs. James Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, gained the prize for a
group 12 by 5 feet, with a very effective arrangement of Miltonia vexillaria
and Bleuana, Odontoglossums, Oncidiums, Lzeliocattleyas, Masdevallias,
Thunias, Vanda teres and others, in well grown-examples. They also
gained the prizes for twelve, six and one, the latter a beautiful white
Cattleya Queen Mary. Other noteworthy specimens were Leeliocattleya
Aphrodite, Brassocattleya Veitchii, Lelia cinnabrosa, Thunia Majoriana
and a profusely flowered Miltonia vexillaria.

n the amateur’s classes Mr. A. J. Francois, Axholme House,
Doncaster (gr. Mr. D. Pitts), gained the prizes for six, three, and for a
single specimen, his best exhibits being specimens of Ccelogyne pandurata,
Oncidium hastilabium, Odontioda chelseiensis and Leliocattleya Violetta.
Other prizes were won by Mr. James Sunley, South Milford.

Orchids were also represented in groups of plants staged for effect,
Messrs. Cypher including some graceful Oncidiums in their first prize
group of 15 by 6 feet, while cut flowers exhibited by Messrs. Fenton & Sons,
Hanover Square, London, included bridal bouquets of white Cattleyas, and
of white Odontoglossums, and bouquets of Odontiodas, and of mauve and
purple Cattleyas, and a hand basket of mauve Cattleyas and blotched
Odontoglossums, an extremely beautiful series.

NON-COMPETITIVE GROUPS.

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. J. Collier), staged a
magnificient group of Orchids, with a background of moss and small ferns,
to which a Large Gold Medal was awarded. Leliocattleyas, Odonto-
glossums and other showy things were used in profusion, while noteworthy
exhibits included Odontoglossum Gatton Emperor, O. memoria -J. Gurney
Fowler, Leliocattleya Phoebe, Cypripedium callosum Sanderze, the curious
Nanodes Meduse, and the dainty little Bulbophyllum barbigerum.

Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher, Rawdon, E. Yorks, also received a Large
Gold Medal for a beautiftl group, artistically staged on a background of
green, noteworthy plants including Cattleya Mossiz Wageneri, and C.
Hesta magnifica, LzliocattleyasCanhamii and Cowanii, Odontoglossum
Doreen magnificum, Anguloa Rolfei, and Odontioda Alcantara.

Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, were awarded a Gold

Juty-Aucust, 1920.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 125,

Medal for a beautiful group of Odontoglossums and other Orchids, O.
eximillus, Lzliocattleya Aphrodite and Martinetii, and Cattleya Mendelii
Duke of York being specially noteworthy exhibits.

Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, staged a fine group of Orchids,
conspicuous among them being the handsome Miltonia Charlesworthii,
some brilliant Renanthera Imschootiana, Odontioda Lutetia, and Leelio-
cattleya Aphrodite. A Gold Medal was awarded to this and a group of
Carnations, which were staged side by side.

RoyaL HorTICURAL SOCIETY’s AWARDS.

A deputation from the Royal Horticultural Society was present, and
the awards made included the following to Orchids.

Gold Medals to Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher,
and Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.

Silver-gilt Flora Medal to Messrs. James Cypher & Sons.

First-class Certificate to Odontoglossum Doreen magnificum, from
Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher.

Awards of Merit to Cattleya Hesta magnifica, from Messrs. Mansell &
Hatcher, and Odontoglossum Emperor Constantine, from Sir Jeremiah
Colman, Bart.

ARDY Orchids have made a good display for the last few weeks. On

the rock-work at Wisley.a prominent feature has been the profusion
of hybrid Orchis latifolio-maculata, a group of which is figured at page 113.
It is thoroughly at home on the moist banks and dells, and scattered
seedlings are flowering all over the place. O. maculata exists in hundreds. ~
in the most diverse situations, its spikes of lilac flowers being very effective
among the grass and other plants with which it grows. We saw one
example of O. maculata alba. Near the top of the rock-work was a bed of
the handsome Orchis folioso-maculata, its recurved spotted leaves and
bright purple flowers being very effective, while at either corner was a plant
of the green-leaved O. foliosa. We also saw a single plant of the North
American Cypripedium parviflorum, and a good clump of the native
Epipactis palustris, the latter not yet open. In such a locality several
other native species should flourish, and it would be an ideal situation in
which to raise seedlings if an attempt were made to prove the parentage of
a few of the British natural hybrids. There are also spots in which the
native Orchis incarnata ought to succeed.
- On the rock-work at Kew there has been a profusion of Orchis foliosa
and O. latifolio-maculata, there being many seedlings of the latter, showing

HARDY ORCHIDS. Gg

126 THE ORCHID REVIEW. {fvutyv-Aucust, 1920.

a considerable variation in colour. Both parents are represented. Of the
green-leaved O. latifolia there are plants in and near the swamp. Of O.
maculata there are several clumps, including one in a New Zealand
Bulbine'la, and a nearly white variety iu a Sempervivum, both originally
seedlings.. Of the white O. O’Kellyi, which we think represents a white
O. maculata, there is a charming group of over a dozen plants. The
handsome O. elata, long known as O. latifolia Glasnevin. var. (see p. 103),
is represented by a very fine clump, bearing thirteen spikes of rich purple
flowers, and near by are plants of O. folioso-maculata, from two different
sources, both originating as accidental seedlings. ©. incarnata and var.
pulchella have both bloomed, but the spikes were cut early in the hope of
strengthening the plants. ,O. laxiflora is now over, but O. pyramidalis and
Gymnadenia conopsea are good, and there are five spikes of the interesting
Orchicceloglossum mixtum—originally described as Habenari-orchis viridi-
maculata as long ago a 18g1—from the original source, and unmistakably
intermediate in character. Other interesting plants are the South
European Serapias lingua, Epipactis palustris and gigantea, Cypripedium
Reginz, thriving well on a dry bank, and C. macranthum and its variety
album, the two latter now over. Altogether a very interesting series.

The writer has an interesting little group of over two dozen plants,
including QO. incarnata and latifolia, O. maculata from two different
localities, O. latifolio-maculata, and O. foliosa, and with a single exception
well established in the corner of a rose bed, where they are kept well
‘watered. The exception is a group of four O. incarnata, which are weaker
than last year, and are not flowering, yet O. latifolia, with which it grows
in a wet marsh at West Drayton, is as strong as ever. O. incarnata has
died out before, and everything points to the necessity of ‘‘ wet feet,” as
well as a suitable soil. R.A.R.

ORCHIDS IN TRiInIDAD.—Mr. C. H. Lankester, of Cartago, Costa Rica,
who is spending a yacation in the old country, and has brought a number of
dried and living Orchids, had the pleasure of calling at Trinidad on the

way home, and saw several interesting things. On visiting Mr. Eugene’

André, he found plants of the local Oncidium Lanéeanum in bloom, and a
trimmed hedge of Murraya exotica (a member of the Orange family) freely
planted with Vanda teres, formed a very interesting piece of gardening. On
looking up Mr. Freeman, at the Botanical Gardens, he saw the local
Schomburgkia in bloom, a fascinating Orchid, which looks exactly like the
‘Costa Rican species. Trouble has been experienced with insects, and one
plant showed evidence of the presence of a small hemipteron, a soft reddish
yellow insect, astonishingly prolific and very wily, which in Costa Rica does
a great deal of harm at elevations of 2,000 to 4,000 feet.

ay

JuLy-Aucust, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 127

eee - ORCHID NOTES AND - NEWS, Ric

HE meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society for the current period
are as follows: The Summer Show is to be a Great Provincial Meeting
at Cardiff on July 6th, 7th, and 8th, an invitation having been accepted
from the Lord Mayor of Cardiff, supported by the Cardiff and County
Horticultural Society.’ The arrangements will be the same as at the recent
Chelsea Show, and the Coronation Cup is offered for the best exhibit at the
meeting. Ordinary fortnightly meetings will be held at the Royal
Horticultural Hall, Westminster, on July 13th, 27th, and August 24th,
when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 11.45 a.m. There
will be no meeting on August roth, the Hall being closed for redecoration.
The dates of the September meetings are the 7th and atst.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold
meetings. at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on July 15th and 2oth, after
which the Society will adjourn for the summer holidays until September
2nd. The Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to

inspection from I to 4 p.m.

OrcuIps AT CHELSEA.—The following newspaper cutting is not without
humour :—

CAGED FLOWERS.
Wire-guarded Orchids at the Chelsea Show.

We have reached the stage when beautiful newcomers in the World of
Flowers are considered precious enough to be shown in wire cages,
padlocked and watched by keepers like the animals in the Zoo.

Orchids worth many times their weight in gold . . . . were allowed to
enjoy their freedom in the terraced loveliness at the Royal Horticultural]
Show at Chelsea yesterday, but the real thrills were the imprisoned
blooms. It seems an unpoetic thing to rob a flower of its freedom
and invite the public to look at it in a cage resembling a rabbit-
hutch.

The caged flowers included new orchids, new sweet peas, and new
carnations, and the slender form of Beautiful Ann Page, a new iris, towered
Another prisoner was a new variety of orchid, the

above them all.
It is a masked orchid and

Miltonia Memoria, Crown Princess Margaret.
the flower is white.

There is a peculiar little flower that gives signals of distress at the least
puff of wind. It is not ornate, and, when still, it might be mistaken for a
bunch of insects. But breathe on it heavily and it will wave its little hairy

128 THE ORCHID REVIEW. _ [(Juty-Aucust, 1920.

arms up and downas ifangry. It is not a new orchid, though it is seldom
seen in this country. It isa native of Brazil, and goes by the name of
bulbophyllum barbigerum.

CLASSIFICATION OF HYBRIDS.—There is no method of classification
which will correct the mistakes of a wrong method of nomenclature.
Exhibitors should use names that are in accordance with the rules. It is
useless to blame the Orchid Committee for passing incorrect names. It is
not a Nomenclature Committee, and makes its awards according to its own
standard of merit. The result appears according to the colour of the
recorder. The other day a very fine plant -of Odontoglossum Hyeanum was
exhibited, and received a Cultural Commendation. One report recorded
the fact, another says it was Odontoglossum Souvenir de Victor Hye de
Crom. Perhaps the exhibitor has a preference for the shorter name,
perhaps he remembers that the R.H.S. Nomenclature Committee, and the
Vienna and Brussels Congresses all report in-its favour, and that the
R.H.S. Council has appealed for the adoption of the Rules. Perhaps he
remembers that when Brassocattleya Digbyamo-Mossiz appeared G.C.
hoped ‘‘some means might be taken to render the specific name. less
cumbrous,” and he is able to see the analogy. Perhaps he knows that the
only figure of the plant does not qualify for inclusion in the new “ Pritzel ”
because of neglect of the Rules. Perhaps, even, he has some seedling
varieties coming on and knows that shortage of materials will prevent a
further extension in the size of his labels. The problem is quite
interesting.-—O.C .

There is also the paper shortage and the increase in the cost of printing
to be considered.—Ep.

| : io
ae pagers hak — and Rano ireidgaiy —— wo a as — adie gone are
of plan An RESSED postcard must be

ce if ar Sie Dy bout bed geseee tubes toi ear ; ad be wi Ss fs of special
be dealt with in ne iraraggd i aa shou y asedh ubjects of spect

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. Paarl

F,W.M.—Many thanks. The matter will probably clear itself up. Orchis latifolia
Bartoni is probably a form of O. latifolio-maculata (see O.R., xxvi. p. piss Several other
_ interesting specimens have been received, and will be reported on.

G.B.S.—Photographs received, with thanks. A note appears on another page.

C.W.P.—The Brassavola has duly arrived, with several other i interesting things, and a
report will follow as soon as possible.

T.P., A.G.L.B., and others. Many thanks. We will reply shortly.

An addressed label has duly reached us, but the package has become detached and
gone astray. Will the sender please take steps to recover it?

G

x The Orebid Review 3
PZe VoL. XXVIII. Sept.-Ocroser, 19202 No. 333-334. a

Ge ORCHIDS IN COSTA RICA. ES
Ws C. H. LANKESTER. ?)

OLITICAL Costa Rica forms very nearly a complete faunal and floral
Poa. of its own, containing many endemic species. This, however,
extends well down into the Republic of Panama, the orographic chain of
Chiriqui having probably the same features, or but slightly modified, on the
central volcanic range of mid Costa Rica.

In the north-east the coastal forest belt, though divided from Nicaragua by
the river San Juan, may be but slightly modified by it, yet that seems to be
the northern limit of Cattleya Dowiana, which occurs sparingly in the
vicinity of the Sarapiqui River, but has not, I believe, been found in
Nicaragua, only a few miles away. Guanacaste, the north-western frontier
province, is the extreme southern prolongation of the Sonoran type of
vegetation, and this comes beyond its cantonal borders slightly south of.
Puntarenas to the Rio Grande. Lower than this the forest belt changes
more to the type of the majestic Atlantic forest, though it is not so thickly
studded with trees, and has much lighter undergrowth, a fine feature being
extensive areas of palms (Acanthorhiza?) on the flats, and on some of the
foot hill slopes patches of Chamedorea nana.

Orchids are less abruptly defined in their zonal distribution than are
many other plants, the seeds being so admirably adapted for dispersal by
high winds that frequently they are found in quite improbable situations.
On the other hand, taking this fact into consideration, it is strange why
some of them should be so very restricted in their range. In the moist
regions of the middle zone they seem to be in a very great number of cases
indifferently epiphytic or terrestrial; frequently they become the latter
through accident, and at times form wonderful masses of growth in
such situations as favour them. True terrestrials, on the other hand, very
rarely occur as epiphytes ; Microstylis, possibly, may be an exception. At
elevations of 5,000 to 9,000 ft. on the northern and north-eastern slopes. of
the central volcanic range, a thick layer of humus accumulates on all lateral
or horizontal branches of trees, and in this many Orchids, normally terres-
trial, thrive luxuriantly among masses of Gesnerads, Bromeliace,
Thibaudiz, Clusiz” epiphytic Melastomads, Ferns, Cyclantheras,

129

130 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Sepr.-Ocr., 1920.

Anthuriums, and many other genera. A wealth of species is sometimes
found on precipitous slopes, exposed to the prevailing trade winds. The
majority of plants in such situations are very stunted in growth, and are
those that, normally epiphytic, have just succeeded in attaining a precarious
root-hold. These are principally Maxillariz and Pleurothallide, an
occasional Oncidium, and frequently Sobralias. Many Bromeliacee abound
in such stations.

_ The low hill region to the south of Cartago has a large and varied
Orchidaceous flora. At elevations of 5,000 to 6,000 feet a great feature is the
ubiquitous and very bright Ericad, Satyria Warscewiczii. This also is
indifferently epiphytic or terrestrial, and its masses of white and scarlet
flowers are followed by waxy mauve fruits, edible, as Asa Gray said of other
similar fruits, for boys and pigs. In this district large specimen plants of
Maxillarias and many of the Pleurothallis group may sometimes be found
as terrestrials. This also is the home of the attractive little Monotropa
coccinea. On the tree trunks here, some seven or eight feet from the ground
and upwards, are found little groups of Masdevallia picturata, several species
of Lepanthes and Stelis, an occasional pendant Epidendrum falcatum, which
is more abundant to the north of Cartago or in the valley of the Reventazon,
where on the branches of Pithecolobium cognatum it may be seen in its
finest development. There are plants of it at Las Concavas nine feet in
length. A strong grower here is Epidendrum Brassavolz, which emits a very
powerful and repugnant aroma after seven in the evening, as doesan Oncidium
from the north of Cartago. A plant of this latter is growing well at Kew, which
on flowering should be visited at that hour. A fat black wingless cockroach
abounds in Costa Rica which, if carefully crushed by a good stout boot,
competes strongly with these two plants; it is hard to say which of them
has the most evilsmell. This same insect lies in wait for the choicest buds
in one’s collection, and often destroys in one night the fruit of a year’s
expectation, though he, in his turn, may be frustrated by a slug or a
ravenous locust. :

The tree-lined river banks are great distributors of plants from the upper
to the lower levels. Thus, on the Reventazon I have found Odontoglossum
pulchellum abundantly, and O. Schlieperianum occasionally, at 3,200 ft-
This is progressive against the normal wind direction, their area of greatest
abundance being north and north-west of Cartago at from 5,000 to 6,600 feet —
Two forms of O. pulchellum are common at this altitude, but only that
with the slender bulbs survives below 3,500 feet. Cattleya Dowiana has a
deep zonal range. A great surprise was its occurrence at Las Concavas in
May of this year, at over 4,200 feet elevation. In April, 1915, I found it on the
Rio Estella, within ten miles of the sea. Its true zone is from 600 to 2,500
feet, and in that it is mainly restricted to the trunks of Cordia Gerascanthus

Sept.-Oct., 1920.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 131

(nom. vern. Laurel, avery useful timber, immune from the attacks of termites).
Above that it favours Ulmus mexicana, and I was told by a peon that he ,
found a large plant on a “ Pizco,” Calyptranthes sp.

Some of the Pleurothallidez, especially Lepanthes and many Masdev-
allias, prefer somewhat sheltered situations to those fully exposed to rain
and wind, and are found on the undersides of branches or in the folds of
buttresses of trees where direct rain can rarely or never reach them. The
latter genus, as a rule, grows in the lightest root-covering moss; the other
may be buried in mosses or Hepatics half-way up its beautifully bracteate
stem. Of this genus I made.an extensive collection, embracing some very
attractive forms, and tried to bring them alive to Kew. Unfortunately our
voyage was prolonged beyond reasonable expectation, and only the hardier
or pseudobulbous genera survived the extreme conditions experienced.
Among regretted losses was a strong little plant of Telipogon (Biolleyi ?),
one of the gems of the upper middle zone. The whole centre of the large
flower is an intense velvety maroon, bordered by palest green. These are
difficult subjects to cultivate ; like Comparettias, they grow on slender and
decaying twigs and refuse the enticements of pots or baskets.

Coastal or lower zone Orchids are almost invariably inhabited by ant
colonies, the Orchid providing by its matted roots an easy nest, and the
ants by the simple fact of habitation furnish abundant nourishment. This
is at least the case with the Pseudomyrmes, though some antsare, of course,
destructiveto Orchids. Another group of ants (Camponotus 7), make use
of Orchid roots to raise Coccid larve on, and then, of course, in due time
the plant succumbs. Sometimesa very chain of symbotic association takes
place. In the Turialba region, there is a tall-growing Epidendron (Barkeria
sp. ?) whose roots invariably contain an immense ant’s nest, which has
always in close vicinity a wasp’s nest, and that again a bird’s nest, some
member of the Tyrannidz, usually Tyrannus melancholicus, T.satrapa, or
occasionally Rhynchocyclus cineriventris. This, on the Atlantic side, is the
parallel to the well-known case of the Bull’s-horn thorn Acacia, Pseud-
‘omyrmi and the Tyrannus on the Pacific coast, where it is a much more .
common object, and intrudes itself on every traveller. One soon learns not
to brush against a “‘ Corinzuelo,” as the Acacia is termed.

Coryanthes has not been recorded from Costa Rica before. Very
fortunately one found in the Estrella Valley has travelled across success-
fully, and is thriving well at Kew. It will probably prove to be a southern
species; endemic forms are not likely to be found in either coastal zone.
This is another great ant carrier, but I donot think it a necessary symbiosis
as seems to be the case with Diacrium.

Costa Rica will undoubtedly provide many dozen new species of Orchids,
as more intensive exploration is undertaken, mostly, of course, small, mainly

132 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Sepr.-Octsy. 1920 «

Pleurothallide. The districts that have been worked systematically are
few and small in area. Unfortunately no collections are available in the
country for reference by the few people who interest themselves in this
delightful group. A very large proportion of the plants that are sold in the
streets by itinerant vendors perish for the lack of a little sympathetic
consideration of their modest requirements. Stout-hearted Orchids, like
Cattleya Skinneri, Stanhopeas, and some of the Epidendrums, will defy
anything but anaxe; Miltonia, Odontoglossums, Warscewiczellas, ard other
similar plants will do equally well, even ina town house, in Costa Rica, if
not completely neglected, yet are seldom seen as thriving specimens.

A walk in any of the districts where Orchids occur, mostly within reach
of the town, is invariably fascinating. All the senses are delighted, for the
air at 4,000 to 5,000 feet in the woods is fresh and invigorating. Bird life
abounds, and in the morning many fine songsters may be _ heard.
Mammalian life is rarely to be observed, an occasional squirre! being the
only likely thing to be seen, unless one is away in the real bush, and even
then casual encounters are rare. Everywhere in Costa Rica magnificent
panoramas unfold ; every view has for background the purple blue of forest-
covered hills, excepting in some of the central southern districts where
large areas have been denuded of forest and are now bare or sparsely
covered by a low straggling bush. Few true xerophytic forms occur here as
yet, owing to the recent creation of these conditions.

Ge dabneunes
AN EPIPHYTIC HOST.—Dichza is a small Tropical American epiphytic
genus closely allied to Maxillaria, but differing in its caulescent habit
and the total absence of pseudobulbs. The leaves are short, and arranged
in two rows, which suggested to Lindley the generic name. The species
usually grow in humid localities, and it is curious to note that two
Jamaican species have been observed as hosts of other epiphytes. The
examples are preserved at Kew. In the first case, we find two small seedling
Tillandsias growing on the lower part of the stem of Dichza muricata, the
specimen having been gathered by Purdiein 1846. In the second, there are
two small plants of Pleurothallis ruscifolia growing on the stem of Dichea
Morrisii, collected by Sir Daniel Morris in 1885, and thus we have the
unusual spectacle of one Orchid growing epiphytically upon another. All
originated from seeds which were doubtless blown into the leaf sheaths of the
Dichea, and there found suitable conditions for germinating, and as the
Pleurothalli have each three stems it is evident that germination commenced
while the Dichza leaves were still active. The occurrence is doubtless
accidental, for epiphytic Orchids will grow wherever they find a congenial
situation, but we do not remember to have met with another case of
double epiphytism in the family. R.A.R.

Si.pr.-Oct., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 133

ie FERTILISATION OF SERAPIAS. \@

ERAPIAS is a small South European genus of Orchids whofe flowers
are certainly visited by insects, for natural hybrids are occasionally
found, both of Serapias itself and of hybrids with two or three species of Orchis
which grow in the same district. Mr. J. Treherne Moggridge once found
aninsect, Ceratina albilabris, in a flower of Serapias cordigera with two
pairs of pollinia of S. lingua attached to its head. Col. M. J. Godfery has
recently paid some attention to the subject, and remarks that although he
has seen some hundreds of plants of both S. cordigera and S. longipetala,
he never had the good fortune to see any insect actually enter the flowers
(Gard. Chron,, 1920, ii. p. 70). A lucky accident, however, has thrown
light on the question. In April last he saw a small bee crawling on some
specimens of S. cordigera gathered the previous day, and it had a pair of
pollinia of this Serapias attached to its head. A few days later one was
found inside a flower of S. cordigera with two pairs of pollinia attached,
and in both cases the bee was found to be the male of Osmia leiana. A
month later, in the late afternoon, he gathered spikes of S. longipetala in
the hope of finding a bee in one of them. A bee was noticed in one flower,
which was placed carefully in a glass-lidded box. Next morning the bee
was still in the ower, and when the sepals were drawn apart with a pair
“of forceps, he slowly and reluctantly began to move, stretched himself and
becoming wide awake, suddenly realised that he was a prisoner, and
searched eagerly for a way of escape. It was a male of the same bee, and
had a pair of pollinia of S. longipetala attached to its head. Two more
bees of the same species were found on a gauze fly-curtain over the window,
and these are believed to have come from the other flowers gathered. Col.
Godfery remarks : “ Appareritly the male Osmia leiana makes a practise of
sleeping in the tubular flowers of Serapias, which are admirally adapted for
the purpose. Both S. cordigera and S. longipetala are evidently visited
and fertilised by the same bee, which would account for the occasional
appearance of hybrids between them.”

Col. Godfery also alludes to the fact that Hermann Mueller, on several
occasions, found a small bee in a torpid condition in the slipper of Cypriped-
ium Calceolus in the early morning, and attributed its drowsiness to the
intoxicating effect of the honey in the flower, but he remarks that it is more
probable that the insect was simply asleep. He suggests that fertilisation
may sometimes occur through insects utilising flowers as a safe hiding
place for a night’s lodging. om

We may add that the small bee known as Ceratina albilabris is figured,

134 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Sept.-Oct., 1920.

natural size and in colour, by Moggridge (Fl. Mentone, t. 16), together with
Serapias cordigera, in the fowers of which it was found with the pollinia of
S. lingua attached to its head, so that this insect may be the agent by which
S. ambigua, Rouy, the natural hybrid between the two species, is produced.
Camus records five other natural hybrids of Serapias, but not one between
S. cordigera and S. longipetala. He also records eleven natural hybrids
between Serapias and Orchis, and the above observations might suggest
that after visiting the Orchis flowers by day the bees retire to the Serapias
flowers by night. At all events Moggridge states that all the species of
Serapias are absolutely sterile when unvisited by insects. It is clear that
we have not yet got to the end of this very interesting question, for Delpino,
according to Mueller, states that Serapias longipetala is visited by bees in
the west of Liguria, though no further details are given. R.A.R.
DENDROBIUM PRIMULARDII.—This name has been given to distinguish a
supposed natural hybrid Dendrobium which has long been known, though,
in face of a little uncertainty about its origin, no name had been proposed
for it. It flowered in the collection of Captain W. Horridge, Bury, in
March, 1916, and when noting a specimen sent to us (O.R., xxiv. p. 96)
we mentioned its probable identity with a Dendrobium which flowered
with Messrs. Cypher & Sons, in March, 1899. _ _1n April of the present year
it was exhibited by Capt. Horridge at a meeting of the Manchester Orchid
Society, and received an Award of Merit, but as it was still without a name,
that of D. venustum was given in the report. Unfortunately, this name:
had already been used for a Siamese species, D. venustumr, Teijsm. & Binn-
The Gardeners’ Chronicle suggests a comparison with D. cucullatum, and
remarks (1920, i. p. 308) that in any case the name gives an instance of the
inadvisability of giving scientific names to hybrids. We do not accept the
conclusion, for the mistake is of a different kind. In any case the plant is
not D. cucullatum, R.Br. (Bot. Reg., t. 548), which has small flowers,
borne at the same time as the leaves, and has since been regarded as an
undeveloped form of D. Pierardii. It was so regarded by Lindley when
describing D. primulinum, though he remarked, “ We possess no authentic
specimen; the barbarous specimen in the Botanical Register offers no
assistance in a critical enquiry.” Lindley inferred that D. primulinum was
a native of Sikkim, and spoke of Dr. Hooker’s dried specimens gathered in
the hot valleys there. King and Pantling, however, speak of it as no longer
occurring there, and we have shown that Dr. Hooker’s specimens belong to
D. Pierardii (O.R., x. p. 42). Captain Horridge’s plant came from Burma,
where the two species may grow together, for Dr. Kerr collected both at
Doi Sutep, in the Chengmai district of Burma, though whether actually
intermixed is not recorded.—R.A.R.

Sepr.-Oct., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 135

Ee THE ORCHID REVIEW 25 YEARS AGO. less

N order to appreciate the great changes that have taken place in our
Orchid collections during the last quarter of a century, it is interesting
to glance back at the Orchid Review in the corresponding period in 1895.
Brassocattleya, at all events in its modern significance, did not then exist,
and we find the R.H.S. giving a First-class Certificate to what was termed
‘Lelia Digbyana.” Other recipients of the award recorded at this period
were Cattleya Eros, C. Fowleri, and a form of C. Dowiana with sulphur
white sepals and petals, Lzliocattleya Clonia, Odontoglossum Wattianum,
Phalznopsis Luedde-violacea, Vanda ceerulea, and a plant exhibited as
Cypripedium Lord Derby, the*latter under a change of name, however,
which failed to settle the matter. Nomenclature difficulties were not
wanting, even then, and we find a spirited discussion on the question.
Some very interesting Orchids were exhibited, and the record for the
period includes two plants of Cycnoches chlorochilon, one with male and
the other with female flowers, and the charming Rhynchostylis coerulea
with sixteen spikes, which gained a Cultural Commendation. A plant of
Lzlia monophylla with over forty flowers received an Award of Merit, and
among others which gained the same distinction were the graceful, white
Ccelogyne Veitchii, Dendrobium Hookerianum and D. speciosissimum, the
latter a Bornean species now, we fear, lost to cultivation, Angrecum
Eichlerianum, Maxillaria fucata, and several Lzliocattleyas. Other exhibits
included a plant of Catasetum Bungerothii with a spike of twelve flowers,
Cattleya Rex, Habenaria rhodochila, H. carnea, and its white variety nivosa,
while Botanical Certificates went to Aéranthes grandiflora, Maxillaria striata,
M. Hubschii, Polycycnis Lehmannii, and half a dozen others.
The Orchids figured were Coryanthes macrocorys, Dendrobium atrovio-
laceum, and Trichopilia suavis, and we find articles on the Vanillas of
Commerce, Miltonia spectabilis and its varieties, Orchid Culture in Florida,
by Mr. T. L. Mead, An Orchid Collection in Trinidad, by Mr. T. I. Patter,
An Amateur’s Notes, and An Ideal Cypripedium List, by E. H. Woodall,
in which twenty-two kinds are enumerated “ out of how many hundreds?”
It would be different to-day, though a few of the forms would remain in an
equally select list. Some eight new hybrids were described, and fifteen
species are included in a summary of recently-described novelties. Other
notes include, Cypripedium Harrisianum virescens, a curious green sport,
_Cycnoches Warscewiczii and C. aureum, an account of two much-confused
‘species with their sexual forms, Oncidium Gardneri flavescens, Cattleya
Lueddemanniana, C. Dowiana, and other current topics. The occurrence

136 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SrpT.-Octr., 1920.

of a female flower of Cycnoches pentactylon at Kew, on a plant which had
previously only borne males, is recorded, and there is also a List of Orchid
Portraits from current periodicals, over half of which no longer exist. The
Calendar of Operations was in the capable hands of Mr. H. A. Burberry,
who had charge of the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain’s collection at
Highbury, Birmingham.

_A long article entitled, ‘“‘ Cattleya—What constitutes a Species?’’ may
be said to have finally exploded the old botanical idea that the numerous
labiate Cattleyas were forms of a single, widely diffused species, for it was
shown that each had its own characters, varieties, and geographical
distribution, and the only way to get an intelligible nomenclature was to
recognise them as distinct. A similar confusion in the C. guttata group
was also pointed out. A classified enumeration was given, in which 44
distinct species were recognised, natural hybrids being excluded.

OpontTocipiIuM THWaITEsII.—A very interesting novelty, raised in
the collection of R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham, from Oncidium tigrinum
and Oncidium crispum, and exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on July
2gth last. It shows most of the Oncidium influence, especially in the
shape and colour of the flower, though both are somewhat modified. The
sepals and petals are primrose yellow, with confluent lines of light sepia
red on the lower two-thirds, while the expanded lip is primrose yellow, with
some red markings on the crest, anda reddish blotch on each side of the
isthmus. It will be interesting to see what it develops into when the plant

becomes strong.

CaTTLEYA ALBANIA.—A charming albino, raised by Messrs. Hassall &
Co., Southgate, from C. O’Brieniana alba and C. Loddigesii alba, the
latter a handsome plant sometimes known as C Loddigesii alba Stanleyi.
The flower has much of the general character of the latter, and the colour
is pure white, with some light yellow on the disc of the lip.

FERTILITY OF HYBRIDS.—In connection with this question, it would be
interesting to have a few observations of the behaviour of Orchid hybrids
under natural conditions. We have observed that the large clump of
Orchis latifolio-maculata on the Kew rockwork has again this year
produced an abundance of capsules, and the same may be said about the
undoubted hybrid Orchis folioso-maculata, which is growing close by. On
the other hand, the plants of Orchicceloglossum mixtum, growing rather
isolated, had not a single good capsule, but whether this was due to the
lack of insect visitors, cannot besaid. Let us add :—

THE MENDELIAN PROBLEM CRYSTALLISED is—What does nature do
with her hybrids after making them ?—R.A.R.

SEpT.-Ocr., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 137

ees OBITUARY. Res

- @OSEPH CHARLESWORTH.—Orchidology has sustained a severe
J loss by the death of Mr. Joseph Charlesworth, head of the firm of
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards: Heath, which took place on
August 2nd last. The deceased, who was in his seventieth year, had
suffered for some time from bronchial trouble, and had made arrangements

Ee

THE LATE MR. JOSEPH CHARLESWORTH.

to go away for a rest and change, when a relapse occurred, and the end
came rather suddenly from heart failure. To modern Orchidists, Mr.
Charlesworth was known as one of our most enthusiastic and successful
hybridists, but his early years were spent in connection with his father’s
wool business, to which he ultimately succeeded, though a passion for
Orchids afterwards changed his whole career. It must have been over
thirty years ago that we first met Mr. Charlesworth in London, and we

138 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Sepr-Ocr., 1920.

have heard him speak of some of his early experiences, and of a trip to the

‘Andes, undertaken partly with a view to study the plants in their native
surroundings, but the details are not very clear after this period of time. In
1887, however, we find him established at Heaton, Bradford, as an Orchid
grower and importer, and the business is spoken of as started some years -
ago by Mr. J. Charlesworth.* The site was a gentle slope behind the
reservoir, and the arrangements included two long ranges of Odontoglossum
houses, and a longer and loftier range for intermediate and warm house
plants, all the latest improvements being incorporated so as t) secure
economy and the best results. There were large importations of Odonto-
glossums and New Grenadan Cattleyas, collected by Mr. W. Hennis, with
a lot of established Cypripediums, Phalznopsis, and other miscellaneous
East Indian Orchids.

It was probably at about this period that Mr. Charlesworth made his
trip to the Andes, for in 1889 we find an account of the progress of the
establishment, and mention is made of the Ecuadorean Odontoglossums
Hallii, Edwardii, cirrhosum, and Oncidium macranthum as selected by
Mr. Charlesworth himself during a trip undertaken both for the purpose of
observation and collecting. There were large stocks of imported and
established plants, but no mention is made of hybridisation, a work that we
believe was taken up in earnest ata slightly later date.

Somewhat later the business of Mr. E. Shuttleworth, of Clapham,
originally a collector for Mr. W. Bull, of Chelsea, was amalgamated with
that at Heaton, under the name of Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co., and
for atime both establishments were retained. It was during this period
that the handsome Cypripedium Charlesworthii was imported, though,
curiously enough, the nature of the acquisition was not understood until the
plant flowered for the first time. This was in September, 1893, and it
created quite a sensation on account of the rose-coloured dorsal sepal and
ivory white staminode, characters not previously known in the genus. We
shall never forget our astonishment at seeing the flower, though prepared
by Mr. Charlesworth for a surprise when unpacking the box. It was
then named, and a few days later was unanimously awarded a First-class
Certificate by the R.H.S.

It was in 1894 that we had the pleasure of seeing the Heaton establish-
ment for the first time,and we then remarked that the work of hybridising
had been taken up extensivly, and there was a very large number of seedlings
in various stages of infancy, including a lot of Cattleya, Lzlia and Sophro-
cattleya crosses, as well as many Cypripediums, some of the latter being

* Gard. Chron., 1887, ii. pp. 430-431. Owing to an identity of initials we have been

with the authorshi ip of this article, but we must disclaim the honour, and it was
not until several years later that we visited the Heaton establishment for the first time.

SepT.-Ocr., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 139

progressing towards maturity. Mr. Charlesworth took up the work with
characteristic thoroughness, and we well remember the large number of seed
capsules, and the arrangements of the seedling house, then novel and
experimental, so that no details were given. We may now recall that the
Seeds were sown upon rough sections of willow poles, these being
placed in small pots on a layer of fine potsherds, and covered by a small
square of glass, the whole being then placed ina series of propagating frames.
We saw batch after batch of healthy seedlings, but the practice
was afterwards superseded by that of sowing on canvas over a ball of
sphagnum moss. Cypripediums, however, were still sown on the compost
of established plants, for Mr. Charlesworth had already found that these
were not amenable to the new method.

The partnership just mentioned soon terminated, and the firm assumed
the title of Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. The production of hybrids in
quantity quickly necessitated an extension, and when seven years later we
again visited the establishment we found-an additional block of six houses
had been built, while the seedlings could be counted by thousands in every
stage of development, including a few small seedling Odontoglossums (O.R., -
ix. pp. 298-302). A few interesting hybrids were then in flower or bud.
A recent development had been the culture of Orchids in leaf-mould, and
Mr. Charlesworth had taken it up with characteristic energy, though he
ultimately found disadvantages which led to its abandonment.

We area little uncertain when Mr. Charlesworth’s first seedling lowered,
because a few early ones were purchased, but at the Temple Show in 1898,
a group was shown which included Epilelia Charlesworthii, Lelia cinna-
brosa, Leliocattleya Admiral Dewey, Lc. radiata, and Le. Schilleriana, all
we believe raised in the establishment. The last-named was a particularly
interesting plant, long known in a wild state and of disputed origin, and we
remarked (p. 168), ‘‘Six years ago Messrs. Charlesworth crossed Lalia
purpurata with the pollen of Cattleya intermedia, and now a plant has
flowered, and proves precisely identical with the wild plant.” This experi-
ment cleared up an old confusion with the allied Lzeliocattleya elegans.

From this time onwards progress was rapid, and after a visit to the
establishment, in 1906, by Mr. and Mrs. Thwaites, the latter wrote : “‘ Here
isa veritable seedling land ; thousands and thousands of them; and looking
as healthy and happy as possible. Mr. Charlesworth is raising the Odonto-
glossums as freely as the Cattleya and Lelia seedlings; and this wonder-
ful success is no chance matter either, but is the outcome of years ofstudy
and experiment—adding knowledge bit by bit, gaining new light, even from
failure—till now the question is not how to raise but what to raise, to get the
best possible results . . . Mr. Charlesworth is a real enthusiast, and seems
to find great pleasure in his work, a pleasure easily understood, especially

440 THE: ORCHID REVIEW. [SErr.-Oct., 1920.

as it is crowned with such success” (O.R., xiv. pp. 196-197). The remark
about seedling Odontoglossums was fully justified, for the Orchid Stud-Book
shows that up to the end of the year a dozen distinct crosses had flowered,
and two Odontiodas, the latter being O. heatonensis and O. Bohnhofiz.

‘The firm continued to flourish at Heaton, but constantly increasing
business soon necessitated an extension of premises, and this led to the
acquisition of a small branch establishment at Haywards Heath. Here the
climatic conditions proved so much superior to the Heaton locality that Mr.
Charlesworth decided to lay out an entirely new nursery, to which all the
plants were removed, and the old business was relinquished in September,
1908. An account of the new establishment has been given (O.R., xvii., pp.
170-113, 206-208), and we need only mention here that it consisted of a
central corridor, 250 feet by 12, extending from the Office to the potting
shed, with twelve houses, each 100 feet long, running right and left of the
corridor, while a block of eight seedling houses of the same length extended
right and left of a second corridor.’ All the latest improvements were in-
corporated, the establishment being a model one in every respect.

' Subsequent developments have testified to the progress of the establish-
ment, some of which are recorded in a later article (O.R., xviii. pp. 266-271)»
at which time two new generic hybrids were in bloom, namely Oncidioda
Charlesworthii (C. Neetzliana x O. incurvum), and Miltonia Harwoodii
(C. Neetzliana X M. vexillaria), both plants of considerable merit. It was
then remarked: ‘‘ The raising of Odontoglossums and allied genera has
become a very important business, and there are thousands of seedlings
in every stage of existence. Messrs. Charlesworth are reducing it to a
system.” Just previously they had flowered Oncidium hybridum (tigrinum
x lamelligerum), the first artificial hybrid in the genus. By this time
hybrids of very mixed composition were being raised, and somewhat later
we were able to give particulars of some remarkable polymorphic
Odontiodas, of which we saw over 140 spikes all flowering together. Some
remarkable developments in Odontoglossum were also noted, and many
interesting experiments were seen in progress (O.R., xxi. pp. 137-140).

For a long time the practice of sowing Odontoglossum seeds upon the
compost of established plants was followed, but at length, as the result of
many experiments, the system of Noel Bernard of sowing the seeds in
sterilised tubes with the necessary symbiotic fungi was developed on a com-
mercial scale, and by this pure culture system the successful germination was
reduced almost toa certainty, if the seeds were good. We have examined
these fungi, with Mr. Charlesworth, on several occasions, also a beautiful
series of microscopic slides, but we have not felt at liberty to give the
details of what is a really remarkable development, and it has been
_ xemarked by a distinguished fungologist that ‘‘ Mr. Charlesworth seemed to

Sept.-Oct., 1¢20.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 140

know his individual fungus cultures as well as he did his favourite Orchids.”
One of his most remarkable successes was the development of the albino
race of Odontoglossums from O. crispum xanthotes crossed with other
albinos. These have been a constant feature of the fine groups exhibited
during recent years, and a number of details have been given (O.R,,.
XXiv. pp. 164-167). It is a triumph of hybridisation, representing years of
perseverance and experiment, with which Mr. Charlesworth’s name will
ever be associated.

Oflate years Mr. Charlesworth has paid a good deal of attention to
intercrossing Odontoglossum and Miltonia, with a view to developing a
race of hybrids with the character of the former but adapted for growing in
a warmer temperature, for the American climate is as a rule too hot for
Odontoglossums. At the last Chelsea show he exhibited four brilliant.
Odontonias, one of which gained a First-class Certificate, and another a.
Preliminary Commendation (see pp. 116-117), and less than three weeks
before his death the brilliant Vuylstekeara Brewii, in which the three
genera, Cochlioda, Miltonia and Odontoglossum are combined, received an:
Award of Merit (see p. 150).

To enumerate a tithe ofthe interesting and brilliant hybrids raised by Mr.-
Charlesworth would take a great amount of space, but in addition to a
few mentioned above we may recall the brilliant Odontioda Charlesworthii,
Miltonia Charlesworthii, Eulophiella Rolfei, and Charlesworthiara Alpha,
the latter including the three genera Cochlioda, Miltonia and Oncidium, and
the first member of an artificial genus dedicated to Mr. Charlesworth to
which all subsequent combinations between the three genera will be referred
In the popular Cattleya group his achievements have been remarkable, for
he was ever out for improvement, and any good hybrid at once became a
subject for further experiment. One ideal was a good yellow Cattleya,
and no opportunity was lost of making across that promised the desired.
result. Improvements in shape and colour were ever in view, and the large
number cf certificated hybrids are a tribute to the good judgment and
perseverance of their raiser.

Mr. Charlesworth has been a member of the R.H.S. Orchid Committee:
ever since the beginning of 1902, when he was elected for the first time.
He was also for many years a member of the Manchester Orchid Society
and a donor of valuable prizes, and he presented a {100 cup for the best.
group of Orchids staged by amateurs at the International Horticultural
Exhibition held in London in 1912.

We shall never forget the many delightful hours spent in Mr. Charles-
worth’s company, and his enthusiasm over the investigation of the different
stages of the life history of his pets, for he was much more than a mere raiser,
and .had mastered many of the details of microscopical technique. One

142 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Srpt.-Ocr., 1920.

rather hopes that his excellent work in this direction will not be lost. We
may conclude with a tribute to Mr. Charlesworth from a brother hybridist,
Mr. A. McBean: ‘“ His productions have given so much pleasure to so
many people that I believe all Orchidists will agree ungrudgingly that we
have lost the greatest Orchid hybridist in the world, and one whose example
as a persistent and patient worker may well be followed. Early in his
career Mr. Charlesworth realised, not only the necessity of producing
hybrids as a race of plants better fitted to our climate, but for the vast future
they would open. His fertile mind was ever alert, and he was engaged in
producing Orchids that would prove amenable in almost every clime, and in
this matter he was so enthusiastic that his inspiration will not soon lose its
effect on those privileged to know him. . . - Mr. Charlesworth’s name
will remain so long as Orchids are cultivated.’’

_ Mr. Charlesworth was laid to rest in Haywards Heath Cemetery on
Thursday, August 5th, when many beautiful Orchid and other wreaths were
sent, and among those present, beside the immediate relatives, were Messrs.
J. M. Black, D. A. Cowan, A. G. Ellwood, A. McBean, R. A. Rolfe,
F. K. Sander, H. H. Smith, and G. Wilson.

LISSOCHILUS sPEciosus, RK. Br.—It is interesting to record that this
handsome yellow Lissochilus, the original species of the genus, has again
appeared in cultivation, flowers having been sent for determination from the
collection of W. R. Lysaght, Esq., Castleford, Chepstow, by Mr. T. W.
Briscoe. It was originally introduced to cultivation by Mr. Griffin, of
South Lambeth, with whom it flowered as long ago as 1821, when it was
figured under the above name (Lindl. Coll. Bot., t. Si; Bot. Kee.; 1. §73)-
It had originally been discovered in South Africa by Thunberg, and
described from dried specimens in 1781, under the name of Satyrium
giganteum, L. fil. (Suppl. Pl., P- 402). As it was clearly not a Satyrium,

this year has produced a spike of seven feet in height, and about forty

the sepals light green, the petals bright yellow, and the side lobes of the lip
are suffused with purple. The re-appearance of the species in cultivation is
_ Interesting. R. A. ROLFE.

Sept-Oct, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 143

Ww .
ve

q
ORCHIDS AT KEW. a

EVERAL interesting rarities are flowering at Kew, and among them
S the striking Costa Rican Pleurothallis grandis, which was recently
figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 8553). It is one of the giants of the
genus, and bears a long, one-sided raceme of some 27 brownish green
flowers. Among other Costa Rican introductions of Mr. C. H. Lankester
may be mentioned the charming little P. lateritia, which has been
covered with a mass of its pretty reddish orange flowers, giving. a very
pretty effect. Masdevallia gemmata, corniculata, inflata, muscosa, and a
few others are also in bloom, and two plants of the interesting little
Sigmatostalix radicans are flowering in profusion. Near by are examples
of the pretty rose-coloured Oncidioda Charlesworthii, Miltonia Regnellii,
Clowesii, and forms of M. spectabilis, the white Maxillaria venusta,
Odontioda Charlesworthii and Diana, Odontoglossum Uroskinneri and
grande, Cochlioda vulcanica, Calanthe Dominyi, the first artifical Orchid
hybrid, and a few other interesting Cool house Orchids.

In the Warm house are plants of Doritis pulcherrima, Arachnanthe
Clarkei, Bulbophyllum Medusz, with several of its Medusa-like heads of
flowers, B. lilacinum, B. crassipes, B. hirtum with numerous spikes,
B. calabaricum, a small African species, and a lot of Cypripediums, among
which C. niveum and its very pretty hybrid C. Vipanii, C. insigne Sandere
and a clear yellow form of C. Sanactzeus may be mentioned.

The Cattleya group produces a constant succession of flowers, and
includes C. Bowringiana and its hybrids C. Brownii and Wendlandii, the
latter bearing three fine spikes, one with six flowers. Other good things
are C. Atalanta, Leliocattleya Nysa, Priam and. amanda, Brassocattleya
Veitchii, Epidendrum ciliare and Hartii, with a few others. A plant of
Dendrobium formosum now finely in bloom is'very effective. The Pleiones are
beginning to bloom, and are among the’ most attractive of autumn-flowering
plants. There are also several yellow-fowered Oncidiums, with the purple
O. ornithorhynchum, one of the most distinct and attractive species in the
genus when well grown.

The collection is rich in botanical rarities, some of which may be found
at any season, and one of the most interesting of those just over isa plant
of the rare Cycnoches pentadactylon, C. chlorochilon being also in bloom
at the same time. The quaint and striking genus Stanhopea is well
represented in the collection, and among those which have bloomed during
the summer we may recall the showy S. tigrina, S. Wardii, S. inodora, S.
bucephalus, and the rare and very pretty 5. saccata.

144 THE ORCHID. REVIEW. (SEpt.-Oct., 1920.

ACK of space for staging the Orchid exhibits at the R.H.S. Spring
Show has led to a suggestion that in future a commodious tent
should be set apart for the purpose, so as to secure a more effective display.
The desideratum is a liberal extent of frontage, so as to allow of an effective
arrangement without overcrowding the plants. Great depth from front to
back is not required, as a depth of over seven feet renders effective staging
difficult, as well as proper attention tothe plants. The provision cf such a
tent might necessitate some arrangement of the groups, but with the
addition of suitable foliage plants as’a’ background, and perhaps of other
ways of utilising Orchids for decorative purposes, it is believed that a novel
and very attractive feature might be secured. Something of the kind is
much to be desired.

AN ORCHID TENT AT CHELSEA.

MASDEVALLIA ASTUTA, Rchb. f.—The discovery of an original painting
of this Costa Rican Masdevallia recallsan old question as to its distinct-
ness, and confirms the view we then took as to its being simply a form of
the earlier M. erythrochete, Rchb. f.. As there is no published figure, it
may be interesting to give the facts. It belongs to the section Saccolabiate,
and was described in 1886 from materials sent to Reichenbach by Messrs.
Shuttleworth, Carder & Co. In August of that: year the firm sent living
flowers and a leaf to Mr. Day, who made a painting (Day Orch. Draw., li.
t. 51), and sent on a flower to Reichenbach, who then described it, and in
a letter to Mr. Day remarked that he was afraid Mr. Shuttleworth had
been offended by his not having at once described some wretched materials
of Carder’s. He compared it with M. Gaskelliana; Rchb. f., described
from the Gaskell collection in 1883, and of which, the country was not
stated. Of this there is a specimen at Kew from the original plant, as well
as others of M. astuta received from Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.,
and from Glasnevin, in 1889, and we are unable to distinguish either from
M. erythrochete, Rchb. f. The latter was described in 1882, from
materials sent by Mr. F. Sander, said to have been imported from Central
America. Whether M. erythrochete occurs outside Costa Rica is not
quite certain. Consul Lehmann is ‘said to have collected it on the
Candelaria Mountains there, and also very closely allied specimens in
Antioquia, but what the latter really are remains uncertain, for they are
not represented in the Lehmann Herbarium at Kew. The species is
certainly polymorphic, but how far it extends in various forms to the
Cordillera of South America remains to be proved.—R.A.R

SEPT.-OCT., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 145

ES y
|

ce anyone tell us whether the charming little Epidendrum Endresii is
still in cultivation? We have not seen it alive for a number of
years, and it is one of those gems that ought not to be lost sight of, a point
that may be realised by the annexed figure. Surprisingly little is known
about its habitat, except that it isa mountain plant, and requires moderately
cool temperature. Originally discovered in Costa Rica by Endres, who

ee
EPIDENDRUM_ ENDRESII. Wet
Real

Fic. 13. EpIDENDRUM ENDRESII.

failed to get plants home alive, it was introduced to cultivation by Consul
‘Lehmann, and described by Reichenbach in 1883, being aftérwards figured
in the Botanical Magazine (t. 7855). The habit of the plant is- well shown
in our figure, and it is only necessary to add that the stems are some six to
nine inches high, and the short distichous leaves have verrucose sheaths,
while the flowers are white with a little purple on the front of the lip and
column. The pretty little Epidendrum Veitchii was raised from E.
Wallisii crossed with E. Endresii, and E. Veitchii recrossed with E.
Endresii, by Messrs. Sander, gave another vatiable little hybrid which may
be called E. Sanderi (O.R., xiv. p. 181).

146 THE ORCHID REVIEW, [SEPT.-OcrT., 1920.

——

ES SUVCIETIES. | |

——$—

RoyaL HorTIcuLTuRAL.

The usual fortnightly meeting was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall,
Vincent Square, Westminster, on June 29th, when there was a rather small
display of particularly choice Orchids.

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the Chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, W. Bolton, R. G. Thwaites,
Pantia Ralli, W. J. Kaye, F. K. Sander, C. H. Curtis, A. McBean, T.
Armstrong and J. E. Shill.

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.

L&LIOCATTLEYA SAN JuAN DELL var. (Lc. Aphrodite x C. Mendelii).—
A superb hybrid, with light rosy mauve sepals and petals, and a broad ruby
purple lip, with yellow lines in the throat. Exhibited by Baron Bruno
Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill).

MiLtonia Harwoopil VAR. ExcEtsior (C. Noetzliana X M. vexillaria
var. Queen Alexandra).—A particularly fine variety, having large, deep rose-
coloured flowers, most resembling the Miltonia parent in shape, and the
lip broad, with some red lines on the disc in front of the yellow crest.
Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.

ODONTOGLOssUM VICTORY VAR. SUPREME (crispum X Dreadnought).—
An exceptionally large and beautiful variety, the flowers being over four
_ Inches across, and the lower two-thirds of the segments bright Indian red,
with the margins and front of the lip white. Exhibited by Messrs.
Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells.

AWARD OF MERIT.

OponTiopa BLuE Birp (Oda. Coronation x Odm. Armstrongia).—A
handsome hybrid, having ruby-red sepals and petals, with a few transverse
whitish lines and a few darker markings, and the front of the lip blush
white. Exhibited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.

CULTURAL COMMENDATION.

MiLTonia Harwoopi var. Excersior.—To Messrs. Charlesworth &

Co. for the finely-grown plant mentioned above.
SILVER Fiora MEDAL.

_ To Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, for a very fine group,
largely consisting of Odontoglossums, Odontiodas and Miltonias, with
Leliocattleya General Maude var. rubens (Le. rubens Lambeauiana X C.
Hardyana), an exceptionally fine form, and some beautiful examples of
Cattleya Mendelii and C. Warscewiczii, the latter including the pink
variety Mrs. E. Ashworth.

Sepr.-Oct., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 147

SILVER BANKSIAN MEDAL.
To Messrs. J..& A. McBean, Cooksbridge, for a good group of Odonto-
glossums and Odontiodas, with a few other interesting things.
OTHER EXuIBITs.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham, showed flowers of Odonto-
cidium. Thwaitesii (Oncidium tigrinum x Odontoglossum crispum), a very
interesting hybrid of intermediate character.

A week later was held a great provincial show in the Sophia Gardens,
Cardiff, the dates being July 6th to 8th, but the weather was very wet, and
the Orchid exhibits comparatively few. The awards were as follow :—

GoLp MEDAL.

To Messrs. James Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for a fine group of
Orchids and stove plants, the former including a number of well-grown
Cattleyas, Odontoglossums, Oncidiums, and other subjects, and the whole
group very effectively displayed.

SILVER-GILT FLORA MEDAL.

To Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, for a fine group of Orchids
and Carnations, among the former being some good Odontoglossums, |
Odontiodas, Cattleyas, Oncidium Papilio, and others, brightened up with a
number of the richly-coloured Renanthera Imschootiana.

SILVER-GILT GRENFELL MEDALS.

To Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey (gr. Mr. J. Collier),
for a handsome group of Orchids, including a beautiful Lzliocattleya
Canhamiana alba, Cattleya Warscewiczii Mrs. E. Ashworth, Odonto-
glossum Gatton Emperor, Oncidium Papilio, Miltonia Charlesworthii, and
others, in well-grown examples.

To Mrs. J. J. Neale, Oxton, Kenton, near Exeter (gr. Mr. E. Swinden),
for a good group of Orchids and Insectivorus plants, the former including
good examples of the graceful Brassia verrucosa, Thunia Marshalliana,
Oncidium Papilio, and the brilliant Renanthera Imschootiana, altogether a
very interesting exhibit.

A very beautiful basket of cut Orchids was staged by Mr. W. Treseder,
Cardiff, forming a very effective exhibit.

After an interval of again only a week, an ordinary meeting was held at
the Royal Horticultural Hall, Westminster, on July 13th, when a few
choice and interesting Orchids were staged.

Orchid Committee present : Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the Chair), J.
‘O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, Sir Frederick W. Moore, Arthur
Dye, C. J. Lucas, Walter Cobb, J. E. Shill, F. K. Sander, C. H. Curtis,
and Pantia Ralli.

148 ‘THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Sept.-Oct., 1920-

AWARDS OF MERIT. |

CaTTLEYA Hesperus (Hardyana x Enid).—A finely-shaped and
handsome hybrid, having blush-coloured sepals and petals, with rosy mauve
veining, and a deep purple-crimson lip, with yellow throat and some goldem
veining on the disc. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder.

OponToGLossum ELporapo (eximium x Lakiniz).—A large and
handsome hybrid, with white ground colour, large violet blotches on the
sepals and lip, and a number of much smaller spots on the petals. Exhibited

‘by W. R. Fasey, Esq., Holly Bush Hill, Snaresbrook (gr. Mr. E. J. Seymour).

OpONTONIA BEpFoRDI@ (M. Bleuana x O. amabile splendens).—A.
charming hybrid, which has retained much of the Miltonia shape, while:
the ovate sepals and petals are white, with some light violet markings at
the base, and the broad lip white with radiating dotted linés on the disc.
Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.

VUYLSTEKEARA Brew (Odontioda Brewii x Miltonia vexillaria).—A
striking hybrid, most resembling the Miltonia parent in shape, and having
ruby red sepals and petals, and the lip veined and tinged with rosy -mauve
“on a white ground, and the crest yellow. Exhibited by Messrs. Charles-
worth & Co.

: OTHER Exursits.

G. W. Bird, Esq., Manor House, West Wickham (gr. Mc. H. Redden),
sent Odontioda Sensation var. Empress Eugenie, O. Rufus, and O, Vesper,
the latter primrose, with pale reddish veining and tinged with lilac on the
margin.

H. T. Pitt, -Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. F. W. Thurgcod),
sent a fine example of Bulbophyllum macrobulbon, Cirrhopetalum Masters-
ianum, and two fine varieties of Miltonia vexillaria.

Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill),
sent a fine spike of Sophrocattleya Faboris Dell var.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, sent a fine Miltonioda
Harwoodii, with examples of the parents of the certificated hybrids shown.

Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, sent Disa Italia (Blackit X grandiflora),.

‘and a richly-coloured hybrid Odontoglossum.

_ At the meeting held on July 27th there was a very small display.

- Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the Chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec), W. Bolton, J. W. Potter, Sir Harry J. Veitch,
W. H. White, W. J. Kaye, C. H. Curtis, J. E. Shill, W. H. Hatcher,
A, McBean, F. K. Sander, E. R. Ashton, Pantia Ralli, R. A. Rolfe,
C. J. Lucas, and R. Brooman White. :

See: - * Awarp oF MERIT.

SOPHROCATLA&LIA Laura (Pandora x Marathon).—A large and richly-

Sept.-Oct,, 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 149

coloured hybrid, having rosy mauve sepals and petals of good shape, and a
ruby crimson lip with yellow veining in the throat. Exhibited by Messrs.
Charlesworth & Co.

OTHER EXHIBITS.

W. R. Fasey, Esq., The Oaks, Holly Bush Hill, Snaresbrook (gr. Mr.
E. J. Seymour), sent Odontoglossum St. George, Fasey’s var., and the
richly-coloured O. Woodroffez, in well-grown examples.

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton (gr. Mr. Taylor), sent
Odontioda Brewii var. nigra, having quite black-purple sepals and a lilac
lip with some purple markings.

Baron Bruno Schréder, Heath Lodge, Englefield Green (gt. Mr. J. E,
Shill), sent Cattleya Eleanor Dell var.,a very handsome variety, with white
sepals and petals, and the front of the lip rich violet-purple.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, sent Odontioda illustris
{Oda. Charlesworthii x Odm. illustrissimum), bearing a fine spike of
eighteen richly-coloured flowers.

Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, sent Odontoglossum
Fletcherianum var. nigrescens (Edwardii x cirrhosum), bearing two fine
panicles of numerous very dark flowers.

Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, sent Leliocattleya Glory (C. fulvescens x
Le. Thyone), buff yellow, with some reddish veining in the throat, and Le.
Enchantress (Lc. bletchleyensis x C. Rex), the latter showing unmis-
takably the influence of the rare Cattleya parent in the lip.

Owing to the Hall being in the hands of the painters, there was no
meeting on August roth, but the Committee sat upstairs to adjudicate on

plants submitted for Certificate.

Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair),
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), F. J. Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, F. K. Sander, C. H
Curtis, Walter Cobb, and Arthur Dye.

Before the ordinary business the Chairman alluded to the loss the
Committee had sustained in the death of Mr. Joseph Charlesworth, one of
its oldest members, and one to which Orchid lovers owed so much for his
researches in hybridisation. It was unanimously agreed that a letter of
condolence should be sent to the relatives in their great loss.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

CaTTLEYA DIANA MajESTICA (Dowiana aurea X Sybil var. Lord
Kitchener).—A handsome thing, with broad, light canary-yellow sepals and
petals, and a vinous purple, very undulate lip, with a yellow disc. Exhibited :
by Messrs. Hassall & Co.

L&LIOCATTLEYA BoMBARDIER (C. Adula X Lc. Geo. Woodhams).—A
fine hybrid, with rosy mauve sepals and petals, and the lip purple-crimson,

150 ‘THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEpPT.-Oct., 1920-

with some yellow veining and yellow blotches on the sides of the throat.
Exhibited by W. R. Fasey, Esq., Holly Bush Hill, Snaresbrook (gr. Mr.
E. J. Seymour).

VUYLSTEKEARA Mrs. Pitt (Odontonia Lelia Sander x Odontioda
Charlesworthii).—An interesting hybrid, with the general Odontoglossum
shape, and having vinous purple sepals and petals with a yellow margin, and
a cream white lip blotched with purple. Exhibited by H. T. Pitt, Esq.

OTHER ExuisitTs.

A vote of thanks was accorded to H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford
Hill (gr. Mr. F. W. Thurgood), for an interesting collection of rare species,
including Cycnoches chlorochilon and C. stelliferum, Catasetum fimbriatum,
Habenaria rhodochila, Angraecum Scottianum, Dendrobium ciliatum, Bulbo-
phyllum barbigerum, and Epidendrum umbellatum.

‘Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent Cattleya Adula var. Dreadnought,
a large and richly-coloured form.

At the meeting held on August 24th there was a moderate display of
choice Orchids, and the Orchid Committee were represented as follows:
Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton,
J. E. Shill, R. A. Rolfe, F. J. Hanbury, Stuart H. Low, F. K. Sander,
A. McBean and C. H. Curtis.

FIRST-CLAss CERTIFICATE.

CATTLEYA HELIopoR (iridescens X Venus).—A very handsome hybrid,
with deep yellow sepals and petals, and a three-lobed lip, the elongated
front lobe being orange-yellow with an expanded bright purple apex, and
the side lobes, short, purple, and appressed to the white column. Exhibited
by Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shili)-

AWARDS oF MERIT.

BRASSOCATLELIA BLENHEIM ORANGE (Bcl. Rowena x C. Dowiana
aurea).—A handsome hybrid, with clear orange-coloured sepals and petals,
and a cherry-red, undulate lip, with yellow lines on the disc. Exhibited by
the Duke of Marlborough.

CATTLEYA TRIUMPHANS BLENHEIM VAR. (Dowiana aurea X Rex).—A.
charming variety with cowslip yellow sepals and petals, and some yellow
veining and cherry-red markings on the lip, the latter showing very clearly
the influence of the second parent. Exhibited by the Duke of Marlborough.

ODONTOGLOssUM MIGUELITO FASEyY’s VAR. (Doris x Dora).—A large
and beautiful variety, heavily blotched with claret colour on the lower part of
the sepals, and tinged with mauve above, while the apex of the lip is white-
Exhibted by W. R. F asey, Esq.
oe e SILVER FLorRA MEDAL,

To the Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim, Woodstock (gr. Mr. J. T-

SePt.-Ocr., 1920.) ~=THE QRCHID REVIEW. 151

Barker), for a fine group of about thirty home-raised hybrids, including
Brassocatleya Penelope (C. Fabia x Bc. Maroniz), purple with a yellow
dis: to the lip, Be. Enid-Hye, Bc. Ida and var. Sunset (Bc. Pluto x C.
Dowiana aurea), Brassocatleelia Virginia, blush white tinged with rose and
the disc of the lip yellow, Leliocattleya Fazeana (C. Fabia x Le.
Schulzeana), light mauve with richly coloured lip, Lc. Soulange with five
fine flowers, Lc. Carmencita (Lc. luminosa x C. Dowiana aurea), rosy lilac
with a fine purple lip, the handsome Cattleya Weedonaurea and Blenheim
var., Cypripedium F. M. Abbott, a richly-coloured hybrid, and _ other
handsome things.
SILVER BANKSIAN MEDAL.

To Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, for a good group, including a fine
Leliocattleya callistoglossa, Le. fulva (C. fulvescens x Le. Golden Oriole),
flame-coloured with rosy veins on the lip, Cattleya Wavriniana, Cypri-
pedium Maudie, C. insigne Sanderianum. C. Rossetti, C. Germaine Opoix,
Coelogyne speciosa, C. Sandere, C. sulphurea, Masdevallia Harryana,
Pleurothallis gelida, Maxillaria venusta, and others.

GENERAL EXHIBITS.

W. Waters Butler, Esq., Southfield, Edgbaston, sent Leeliocattleya
Butleri (Lc. G. G. Whitelegge x C. Hardyana), bearing three finely-shaped
and richly-coloured flowers.

W. R. Fasey, Esq., Holly Bush Hill, Snaresbrook (gr. Mr. E. I.
Seymour), sent Odontoglossum Winifred (illustrissimum X Rosella), bear-
ing two fine purple flowers mottled with white.

A. J. Hollington, Esq., Forty Hill, Enfield, sent Cattleya Gaskelliana
delicata, C. Muriel Hallington (Murillo X O’Brieniana alba), lilac-purple
with white veining on the lip, and C, Princess Royal (Fabia X Hardyena
alba), a fine white with richly coloured lip.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. F. W. Thurgood),
sent Lzliocattleya Cambria Rosslyn var. (Lc. Barbarossa x C. Hardyana),
a richly-coloured hybrid.

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashstead Park (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent a very hand-
some Cattleya Hardyana alba.

Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, sent Cdontoglossum crispun:
Challenger, an exceptionally fine white, with purple markings on the lip.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.

At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on June roth,
the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the
chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, A. Coningsby, D. A. Cowan, J. Howes,
Dr. R. N. Hartley, A. Keeling, D. McLeod, E. Tack, J. Thrower, E. W.
Thompson, and H. Arthur (Secretary).

152 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Sepr.-Oct., 1920.

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.

Odontoglossum Corona magnificum (Doris magnificum X_ardentissi-
mum), a very fine variety, heavily blotched with chocolate brown; O.
crispum var. She, a grand crispum of the Pacho type, carrying a spike. of
nine large flowers; and O. crispum xanthotes Bestyellow, probably the
finest and most heavily spotted variety of xanthotes; from P. Smith, Esq.

Leliocattleya J. F. Birkbeck var. Leviathan, a large flower of perfect
shape, from S. Gratrix, Esq.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Dendrobium crystallinum album ; Odontoglossum Leeanum var. Dusky
Maid; O. crispum var. Courage ; and Leliocattleya Teucra gloriosa (Le.
Martinetii x C. Mossiz), from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Odontoglossum Jasper var. Sunbeam: O. majesticum var. giganteum,
and Odontioda Bridesmaid var. Dora, from P. Smith, Esq.

_ AWARDS OF APPRECIATION.

Odontoglossum crispum var. Spion Kop (rst class), from P. Smith, Esq.

Cypripedium Gowerianum Gratrixianum (Lawrenceanum Hyeanum X
Curtisii Sanderz), from S. Gratrix, Esq.

_ CULTURAL CERTIFICATES. .

To Mr. J. Howes, for Leliocattleya Birkbeck var. Leviathan, and
Cattleya intertexta var. Purity.

To Mr. E. W. Thompson, for Odontoglossum Jasper var. Sunbeam.

BOTANICAL CERTIFICATE.

Ornithocephalus grandiflorus ; from P. Smith, Esq.

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range
(gr. Mr. J. Howes), for a fine representative group of well-grown Orchids,
Cypripediums being particularly well represented.

A Silver Medal was awarded to P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr.
Mr. E. W. Thompson), for a choice group of Odontiodas and Odonto-
glossums, among the latter being a splendid example of O. President
Poincaré, which received a Gold Medal. :

A few interesting exhibits were also staged by Mrs. Gratrix, Whalley
Range, and Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans.

At the meeting held on Thursday, June 24th, 1920, the members of
Committee present were :—Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R.
Ashworth, A. Burns, A. Coningsby, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, A.
Hanmer, J. Howes, A. Keeling, D. McLeod, Dr. F. T. Paul, &. .W.
Thompson, and H. Arthur (Secretary).

; FIRST-cLass CERTIFICATE.

Cypripedium Greyi Haddon House var. (Godefroyz X niveum), quite the

best of the type seen in the North, from P. Smith, Esq.

Sept.-Ocr., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 153

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Miltonia Bleuana Pitt’s var., from Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley.

Odontioda dilectissima (Odm. tripudians X Oda. Vuylstekez), from P;
Smith, Esq.

Odontoglossum crispum var. Vikings Se S. Gratrix, Esq.

Odontioda Alcantara rotunda (Oda. Cookssae x Odm. eximium), from
Messrs. Keeling & Sons.

AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. _

Lealiocattleya Shogun var. rubra (L. tenebrosa X Lec. Martinetii) (rst
class), from Capt. W. Horridge.

_ Odontioda Laura (Brewii x Coronation) (1st class), from Messrs.. J.
Cowan & Co.
CULTURAL CERTIFICATES.

To Mr. A. Burns, for Dendrobium Victoria-Regina.

To Mr. W. E. Thompson, for Odontioda dilectissima,

A Silver Medal was awarded to Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley, Bury
(gr. Mr. A. Burns), for a fine group, in which Odontoglossum was repre-
sented by a number of beautiful varieties.

Interesting exhibits were staged by Capt. W. Horridge, Bury (gr. Mr. A.
Coningsby) ; P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on- Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson) ;
S. Gratrlx, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. J. Howes); Messrs. A. J. Keeling
& Sons, Bradford ; and Messrs. J. Cowan & Co., Gateacre.

At the meeting held on Thursday, July 15th, 1920, the members of
Committee present were: Rev, J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R.
Ashworth, A. Burns, a Coningsby, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, Dr. R. N.
Hartley, J. Howes, A. Keeling, J. McNab, D. McLeod, W. Shackleton, E.
‘W. Thompson, J. Tica. and H, Arthur (Secretary).

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE.
. Cattleya Mendelii var. Lady Moore, a large, well formed flower, with
pure white nepal and petals, from S. Gratrix, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.

Odontioda Wansfell (Odm. hybrid X Oda. Charlesworthii), from Mrs.
Bruce and Miss Wrigley.

Odontoglossum cceruleum West Point var., from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Odontioda Brewii var. Yellowtips, from F, Smith, Esq.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.

To Mr. E. W. Thompson, for Odontioda Brewii var. Yellowtips.

This was rather a small meeting, but a number of interesting exhibits
were staged by Mrs, Bruce and Miss. Wrigley, Bury (er. Mr. A. Burns), S
Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. J. Howes), and P. Smith, Esq.,
Ashton-on-Mersey (er Mr. E. W. Thompson), the awards being as above.

154 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Sept.-Ocr., 1920-

N.B.—The hybrid Dendrobium (primulinum xX Pierardii) exhibited by
Capt. Horridge on April 15th, as D. venustum (see p. 92), has been renamed
D. Primulardii, there being already a Siamese species named D. venustum.

At the meeting held on Thursday July zgth, 1920, the members of
Committee present were: R. Ashworth, Esq. (in the chair), Messrs. A.
Coningsby, D. A. Cowan, J. C. Cowan, J. Evans, Dr. R. N. Hartley, J-
Howes, A. Keeling, D. McLeod, E. W. Thompson, and H. Arthur
(Secretary).

First-cLass CERTIFICATES.

Cattleya Snowdrop var. Hermione (O’Brieniana alba x intertexta alba),
a pure white flower of good form, and Brassocattleya West Point, a beauti-
ful flower of fine shape and substance, with creamy yellow sepals, white
petals flushed with rose, anda large rose coloured lip with fine yellow
throat ; from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Cypripedium General Petain, a large and well-formed white-ground
flower, beautifully lined and spotted with claret-coloured spots, one of the
finest of the Psyche section yet seen; from Mrs. Slingsby.

Oncidium macranthum var. nanum, a fine thing, with sepals brownish
yellow, petals bright yellow, and side lobes of lip bluish purple; from P.
Smith, Esq.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Cattleya Hesta alba (Suzanne Hye X Warscewiczii F. M. Beyrodt),
and C. Albania (O’Brieniana alba x Harrisoniana alba), from Mrs. Gratrix.

Cattleya Hesta magnifica, from S. Gratrix, Esq.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.

To Mr. J. Howes, for Odontioda Brewii var. Cardinal.

A Silver Medalwas awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. J-
Howes), for a fine group of Cattleyas, Cypripediums, and a few others.

Interesting exhibits were staged by Mrs. Gratrix, Whalley Range (gr.
Mr. J. Howes); Mrs. Slingsby, Beverley, East Yorks: Captain W.
Horridge, Bury (gr. Mr. A. Coningsby); and P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-
Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson).

OrcHIDS FROM Usk Priory.—Two fine inflorescences are sent by R.
Windsor Rickards, Esq., Usk Priory, Monmouthshire. Cattleya Adulaisa
noble spike of seven large and well-developed flowers, with copper-red
sepals and petals, and a bright purple lip. The peduncle is over seven
inches long and very stout, and was evidently cut from a very strong plant.
Lzliocattleya Soulange is a strong spike of four magnificant flowers, with
bright mauve-purple sepals and petals, and a broad, rich purple lip, with
much yellow in the throat. The parents of this fine hybrid are Lc. Lustre

Sept.-OcT., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 155

and C. Dowiana aurea, the former derived from C. Lueddemanniana and
Le. callistoglossa (Lelia purpurata X C. Warscewiczii), and with such a
distinguished ancestry one can understand the quality of the
plant under notice, which is among the most brilliant of late summer
flowering hybrids. Both the spikes sent are excellent examples of good
culture. Mr. Rickards in a letter comments upon the early-flowering of
some of the Cattleya hybrids this season.

yy J. T. BARKER, Orchid grower to His Grace the Duke of
Marlborough, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxon.

l CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR SEPT.-OCT.

EFORIE: these lines appear in print the majority of Orchids will have:
completed their season’s growth, and the object now should be to
consolidate and mature that growth as much as possible, so that the plants
may be capable of passing through the winter months satisfactorily. This
is best accomplished by admitting the maximum amount of sunlight and
air, so that they neither suffer by scorching nor by draughts. September
and October may be very variable months, and often after seasons like the
present, when sunshine has been very rare, we may get the best part of the
year at this time. But whatever the outside conditions, the plants should
be gradually inured to the sunlight, and fresh air should be admitted
whenever possible. Everything depends upon a proper balance being
maintained in the different departments. Vary the conditions as required,
and there will be no question of the plants not thriving.

ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS.—The atmospheric conditions of the different
houses should be carefully watched at this season of the year, when nights
are often cold, and evaporation very slow; an over-humid atmosphere may
very easily be made which, if allowed to last very long, may do much harm,
The other extreme should also be strictly guarded against. Syringing and
spraying must now be done with discretion, taking care that the plants get
dry before night, as much harm is often caused by plants being exposed to:
a low temperature when their surroundings are wet and cold.

VENTILATION.—Fresh air being life to all plants, it is essential, under
the artificial conditions of our glass houses, that every opportunity should
be taken of admitting it on favourable occasions, according to the nature
of the plants grown. Each plant has an individuality of its own, and it is
necessary to study its requirements during the various seasons of the year.
What would be correct during active growth would be quite wrong during
the resting season, hence the necessity of close observation at all times.

WaTERING.—In a season like the present, when sunshine has been
reduced to a minimum, plants take up much less water than during brilliant

156 THE ORCHID REVIEW. ([Sepr.-Oct., 1920.

_ weather, and evaporation being less rapid, it is obvious that less moisture
must be given, both directly to the plants and in the atmosphere. The
compost has also much to do with the watering of the different plants, and
the way it is placed in the receptacles, whether firmly or loosely, will make
some difference. Plants of the same variety may vary to some extent in
the amount of water they take up; especially is this observable in any batch
of home-raised hybrids. There is often as much difference in this respect
as in their growth and character. Orchids cannot be successfully cultivated
by rule of thumb methods, hence the difficulty of writing a Calendar that is
applicable to every case. Intelligent observation of such small but important
matters as cleanliness, kzeping proper temperatures, etc., will enable the
cultivator to decide for himself what his plants’ requirements are. Orchids,
like animals, must be made comfortable, each according to its individual
requirements, if they are to thrive.

SHADING should now be dispensed with wherever possible, the plants
being gradually inured to the light. Sudden exposure to strong sunlight
after a season like the present may result in scorching, which not only
disfigures the plant, but may result in further injury.

WINTER QUARTERS.—At this season a commencement must be made
to place all those plants which require an even temperature the whole year
round in their winter quarters, this giving the opportunity of examining
each plant, and cleaning and repotting any that require it. Periodical
examination of the plants is of the greatest importance, especially where
large numbers and numerous varieties are grown.

CaTTLeyas, Lzliocattleyas and their allies will from now onwards give
a good account of themselves, for s» many produce their flowers at this
‘season that it is impossible to enumerate them in detail. With the many
beautiful hybrids which have been raised of recent years it is possible, given
sufficient room and number of plants, to maintain a continuous show of
their gorgeous flowers. It is somewhat different to what our predecessors
had to contend with when only the species were available. Any that are in
need of new rooting material may be repotted whenever they are about to
produce new roots from the base of the pseudobulbs, which will occur soon
after the flowers have faded. This family invariably produces new roots
twice a year, but the best time to repot them is soon after they have finished
flowering. Young seedlings and small growing plants should never be
allowed to suffer for want of new material. The newly-potted plants must
be kept on the dry side until the roots have freely entered the new compost,
but shrivelling must be avoided by keeping their surroundings moist, the
plants having an occasional watering when necessary, and then being
allowed to become dry again before repeating the application.

L2LIA ANCEPS and its varieties will now be fast pushing up flower

SEpT.-OCT.,,1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 167

spikes, and when they attain sufficient length should be neatly staked to
prevent them from injury.

CypRIPEDIUMS of the winter-flowering section are now rapidly pushing
up their flowers, in fact some of the earliest varieties are already in bloom.
The scapes should be neatly staked as soon as they are long enough, as it is
very difficult to get them into position again if allowed to fall over the sides.
of the plant and the stalks to become twisted. When properly staked, the
flowers can be seen to the best advantage, and the stalks being straight, the
flowers may be used in a cut state for any class of indoor decoration. Plants.
of the summer-flowering section, of which there are several very desirable
‘and beautiful varieties, may be repotted when they have passed out of
bloom, should they require it. The usual compost advised from time to
time for these plants should be used, and it is most desirable, if the best
results are to be attained, to attend regularly to the repotting, using the
best materials obtainable.

~ Mittonras.—Plants of Miltonia vexillaria and its hybrids that were not
potted last month should be done whenever their growths have reached the
desired condition. This section now includes some most desirable varieties,
and as they produce their flowers through the greater part of the summer,
from early in April to late in August, they are most useful where a
continual show of flowers has to be maintained. °

OponoTcLossuMs.—Where these plants are grown in quantity, there
will always be some in bloom. One of the greatest attractions of Orchid.
growing is in seeing seedlings or imported plants unfold their first flowers,
and when anything of exceptional quality appears disappointments are soon
forgotten, hence the continual interest once taken up in these most charming
plants. Those that bloomed early in the year are now making their growths,
and the roots from these new growths will soon be pushing in all directions ;
no time should be lost in affording new rooting material to those that —
require it. This applies particularly to the O. crispum and O. Pescatorei
types and their innumerable hybrids, also the Odontiodas, which may be
treated in precisely the same way as Odontoglossums. Although individuab
plants may be repotted at any season, there is a time for the operation
generally, and the present season is undoubtedly the best for over-
hauling these plants, provided that the growths are in the desired state,
for the general condition of the atmosphere is conductive to the plants
quickly establishing themselves. Plants that are in a dormant conditiom
should not be disturbed until their new growths are several inches high.
These plants require a compost of a softer and finer nature than the
Cattleya family, and a suitable compost is made up of equal portions of
At and good peat fibre, with the addition of live sphagnum moss and broken
leaves. The material should be cut up according to the size of the plants

158 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Sepr.-Oct., 1920,

to be potted, pressing the material into the receptacles moderately firmly,
and water being applied with extreme care until the plants are well rooted.
The pots and everything used should be throughly clean. The atmosphere
must be kept moderately moist, and fresh air should be admitted on all
favourable occasions, especially at night. The low temperatures once
advocated did not give the best results, and an even temperature of 55° to
60° is preferable. On bright days a slight spraying will also be beneficial,
and help to check attacks of thrip and other pests. During the winter
months these plants should enjoy all the light possible.

MasbEvaLtias of the M. Harryana section should receive attention at
the present season, if the compost is in a decayed or decomposed condition.
A similar compost to that used for Odontoglossums will answer their
requirements.

DENDROBIUMs that have finished their growth should be thoroughly
cleaned and placed in their winter quarters in the resting house. This is
easily accomplished now that they have all completed their growths, and
if the house and plants are throughly cleaned, they should not be much
trouble until their flowering nodes begin to swell in the spring. Sufficient
‘water shonld be given to prevent them from shrivelling, and a dry
temperature of about 60° will be almost their only requirement.

ONCIDIUMS.—Some of the plants of Oncidium Kramerianum and O.
Papilio, known as the Butterfly Orchids, are now in bloom, and. will
continue for a considerable period to produce fresh flowers from each stem.
The flowering season should not be unduly prolonged, as the majority of
‘Oncidiums will deteriorate, and possibly dwindle away entirely, if the
flower spikes are allowed to remain on the plants too long. These interest-
ing Orchids prefer a light position at all times, and the smaller plants
should be suspended from the roof of the Cattleya house. They require a
very small quantity of material in which to root. Whilst making their
growth plenty of root moisture is necessary, but when at rest the compost ~
should be kept on the dry side. Oncidiums comprise some of the most
decorative Orchids in cultivation, and are adaptable to any form of
decoration. |

PHAL#@Nopsis and Allies.—With the shorter days this bulbless group of
‘Orchids, which includes Vanda, Aérides, Saccolabium, Angrecum, and
others, will need less water, both at the root and in ‘tthe atmosphere. As
soon as the tips of the roots are sealed over, the plants will only need water
in sufficient quantities to prevent the leaves from showiug signs of distress.
All should enjoy a light position during the dull days of winter. The
species which produce their flower spikes early should have sufficient water
to keep them plump and healthy. These plants need considerable attention
during the winter months to keep them in the best condition.

Sepr.-Ocr., 1920] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 159

pees

HE fortnightly meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society, at the
Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, as arranged
for the current period, are September 7th and 21st, and October 5th and
19th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at 11.45 a.m. The meeting on
October 5th is a special show of British grown fruit, when groups of plants
may not be shown, but the Orchid Committee will meet upstairs at the
usual hour to adjudicate upon plants submittéd for Certificates. The dates
of the November meetings are the 2nd, 16th and 3oth.

ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. | eae

The corresponding meetings of the Manchester and North of England
Orchid Society, at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, are fixed for September
and and 16th, October 7th and 21st, and November 4th and 18th. The
Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection from 1 to
4 p.m.

_ Aremarkably handsome form of Oncidium Forbesii is sent from the
collection of Philip Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey, by Mr. E. W.
Thompson, who remarks that some natural hybrids have appeared in the
same importation. The flower measures over 2} inches in diameter “across
the petals, and the lip is copiously blotched with brown on a yellow ground.
The petals are brown, with a few similar sputs on the yellow margin, while
the ample column wings are very closely barred with red-brown on a
light-yellow ground. It is a plant to be taken care of.

We learn with much pleasure that the nursery of M. Theodore Pauwels,
at Meirelbeke, which suffered so severely during the concluding days of the
war, has been largely reconstructed, and is again in working order. Part
of the houses, however, remain for completion next year. It will be
remembered that details of the catastrophe, together with an illustration,

were given in our last volume.

CymBipiuM OrRIENS.—This js a very charming hybrid from the collection
of G. Hamilton Smith, Esq., Northside, Leigh Woods, Bristol, which Mr.
Walker states was obtained from C. erythrostylum x C. Doris (the latter
from C. insigne X Tracyanum). The sepals and petals are blush pink,
closely lined with bright pink, in this respect entirely recalling C. insigne,
while the influence of C. erythrostylum is very marked in the lip and column.
The lip-is three-lobed, closely lined with red-brown on the side lobes, and
with copious spots of similiar colour on the front lobe, while the column is
rosy-red at the back. The three keels of the lip are yellow with a few red

160 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Sepr.-Ocr., 1920

spots. Mr. Walker remarks that the other seedlings were smaller and nearly
white. The influence of C. Tracyanum is not apparent, and confirmation
of the record seems desirable. :

EPIDENDRUM LATERALE, Rolfe.—This curious little Epidendrum has
again been introduced to cultivation, a plant having just flowered at Kew
among a lot of plants collected in Costa Rica, and brought home by Mr. C. H.
Lankester. We have known the species for about ten years, and when
Messrs. Sander, in December, 1g1o, sent a specimen, obtained from the
same country, we were much struck with the lateral inflorescence, and at
first wondered whether the character could be normal. The flowering of a _
plant in the collection of the late J. J. Neale, Esq., at Penarth, settled this
doubt, and we named the plant Epidendrum laterale. On its flowering again,
in August, 1912, it was exhibited at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural
Society, and was recorded as a curious little plant, bearing two spikes of
green flowers from rudimentary growths, as in E. Stamfordianum (O. R.,
Igi2, p. 280). Thecharacter is evidently constant, for it is identical in Mr.
Lankester’s plant, which he imforms us occurs at Cachi, at about 3,500 ft.
elevation, but is rare there. He has known it for seven or eight years. .It
bears tufts of cylindrical pseudobulbs, two to three inches long, with a single
oblong leaf, some three inches long by about one broad. The slender
spikes are about half as long as the pseudobulbs, and are borne on a small
lateral growth, as in Cattleya Walkeriana, which afterwards develops into
a pesudobulb. The spikes are protected by one or two short basal sheaths,
and the flowers are light green, and over an inch across, the lip being
uppermost, three-lobed, and its stalk completely confluent with the column-
The lateral sepals are slightly concave, and broader than the odd one,
while the petals are narrowly linear-lanceolate. It is a very distinct and
interesting little plant. R. A. RoLre.

OSS ON ee ie ee |
Esa ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. bord

[Orchids ore named and questions answered here as far as possible. Correspondents are
“ee 4 to tg By seat iv desired ¢ . ot plants sent. An ADDRESSED postcard must
sent if a reply by post is desired (abroad, reply postcards should be used). Subjects of specia
interest will be dealt with in the body of the aan ed). Subjects of sp

J.S —Cattleya Rex is said to be a native of the Upper Amazon, on the eastern slopes
of the Andes of Peru, but we do rot know the conaitions under which it grows. It has
. me extremely rare in gardens, and we fear has not a very stroug constitution.
E.W.T.—The occurrence of natural hybrids among the Brazilian Oncidiums of the
Forbesii group shows that some ot the Species grow intermixed, but we find surprisingly
little definite information upon the subject.
Amateur.—The Masdevallias of the Chimzra group should be moved to the
Intermediate house for the winter, as they are very impatient of a low temperature.
J.T—A light-coloured form of Miltonia Regnellii, a Brazilian species.

——

.
The Orchio ‘IRev &
b&b eview ak

VoL. XXVIII. Nov.-DeEc, 1920. No. 335-336,

g£ OUR NOTE BOOK.
ela a ae to recent meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society must

have been impressed, not only with the quality of the exhibits and the
steady progress that is being made in hybridisation, but also with the
general display. The awards made at the Septemberand October meetings
(at one of which groups were not admitted) include no fewer than six First-
class Certificates, seventeen Awards of Merit, and fifteen Medals, and it
must be admitted that the standard of merit set up is a severe one, and new
varieties have to. stand the test of comparison with those previously
certificated, a painting being kept in all cases. Even with the severest
compression our report extends to over seven pages. At the meeting held
on November 2nd, there were two magnificent Gold Medal groups, the
report of which will probably be cut down by exigencies of space to a few
lines. It all affords welcome evidence of progress, and is an earnest of what
may be expected when normal conditions return. In spite of the long
set-back of the war, autumn-blooming Orchids are better and more
numerous than ever, and we hope that the Society will see its way to hold a
special exhibition next November, on the lines of that held in 1912. Many
of our readers will be able to recall the magnificence of a display which still
stands unique, and of which our report occupied eight pages (vol. xx. pp-
366-374). We believe that only the opportunity is needed to repeat the
success.

A Ben character about the Orchids which now succeed in gain-
ing awards is that nearly all are hybrids, and the great majority of secondary
Origin, that is to say the parents are themselves hybrids, and have only been
selected for further experiment because possessing qualities which it is
desirable to perpetuate or improve. The work is being continued on
thoroughly progressive lines, accompanied by rigid selection of parents, and
a distinguished horticulturist has just remarked to us that it is the history of
the Fuchsia and the Florist’s Pelargonium over again. He is right, but we
hope that everything will not be reduced to a rigid circle. The charm of the
Orchid flower is its uncoventionality. Even the unity of detail conferred

161

162 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-Drc., 1920.

by the common possession of a column and lip is broken upby an infinity of
detail which is at times bewildering, and a quaintness of shape and colour-
ing that have contributed largely to the popularity of the family. Such
qualities as these must be respected by our hybridists, when they take them
in hand.

Hybridisation has become the leading feature of modern Orchid culture,
but it wouid be deplorable if it were permitted to banish a host of delight-
ful little wildings from our collections. Happily, there is room for both, and
we believe that a return to normal conditions will give the necessary oppor-
tunity for the re-introduction of some that have been lost during the last few
disastrous years. And the world is not yet exhausted of her novelities, as we
have the best of reasons for saying. Hybridisation is fascinating work, and
its results aré far too obvious to be ignored, but in the matter of surprises
we doubt whether it has ever quite equalled the experiences of the punts
days of Orchid importation.

There is another phase of the question that must not be overlooked, and
which is brought out by such an article as that on the Orchids of Costa
Rica at pp. 129-132. Mr. Lankester reminds us, in picturesque language,
how much yet remains to be done before the Orchid flora of one small spot
on the earth’s surface is known, and it has brought an offer which shall be
supported by every means within our power. Some of the scenes described
may not be available for ever. ‘The inexorable march of civilisation, the
ravages of coffee and rubber planting, and other circumstances beyond our
control, threaten some of these fair scenes with destruction and their
inhabitants with extinction. The very least that we can do is to secure
materials for permanent preservation in such a national establishment as
that at Kew, while yet there is time, and to make them available, if possible,
by means of a descriptive and at least partially-illustrated monograph.

This ought now to be possible. One of the earliest friends of the
Orchid Review, who has ‘‘spent many happy hours in its company and
among his favourite plants,” offers a donation of £50 towards the cost of
such a work, on condition that twenty others do the same, or that an
equivalent sum be raised. After a few suggested modifications, the proposal
is as follows:—(1), That the fund raised be used to defray the cost of
preparing and printing sucha work, the proceeds of sales being subsequently
available for the same purpose, and that it be invested in the name of three
Trustees. (2), That the work be arranged synoptically, with a view to show
the stages of progressive development, and that it contain original references,
synonymy, a few important figures, and the habitat of the species. (3),

Novy -Dec., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 163

That the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the Chairman of the
R.H.S. Orchid Committee, and the Editor of the Orchid Review, be invited
in the first place to act as Trustees, the latter also acting as Secretary and
‘Editor. And (4), That any materials contributed for the work otherwise than
by loan be. deposited in the National Herbarium at Kew for permanent
preservation.

The view of the donor (who wishes to remain anonymous) is to remove
as far as possible the injustice caused by the arbitrary closing of the
Reichenbachian Herbarium, and to establish a fund for the purpose of
securing a scientific revision of the family. In view of the magnitude and
difficulty of the task, he wishes to set up the simplest possible organisation,
and he desires that the descriptions shall be as concise as possible, and that
the work be not overburdened with references. He also suggests that under
the circumstances Kew might be disposed to afford the necessary facilities,
and he urges that the work be commenced at the earliest possible moment.
In the event of the work being found impracticable, he desires that his
donation be devoted to the cost of illustrating the Orchid Review, in recogni-
tion of the gallant effort made to remedy Reichenbach’s outrageous act.

We desire to support the larger work, and we commend it to the hearty

support of our readers.
| ise | OBITUARY. HEY

A J. KEELING.—It is with much regret that we hear of the death,

@ on September 13th last, of Mr. A. J. Keeling, The Grange Nurseries,

Westgate Hill, Bradford, at the comparatively early age of 62 years. Mr.

Keeling has been associated with Orchids from his boyhood, and was for.
many years Orchid grower to the late D. O. Drewett, Esq., of Riding Mill- -
on-Tyne, a keen amateur and raiser of Cypripediums, whose work has
already been recorded (See O.R., xvili, p. 104). It was during this period
that Cypripedium Juno (callosum X Fairrieanum) was raised, a plant which
gained a First-class Certificate from the R.H-S., in February, 1892. Six
years previously C. apiculatum (barbatum X Boxallii) had bloomed in the
collection, and this we believe was Mr. Keeling’s first hybrid. Soon after
the late Mr. J. Charlesworth took up the work of hybridising, Mr. Keeling
went to Heaton to assist in the work. A few years later Mr. Keeling started
in business for himself, and since 1903, when Mr. Keeling’s three sons were
admitted, the business has been conducted under the name of A. J. Keeling
& Sons. The work of hybridising has since been continued, and a great
many seedlings have been disposed of, both in flower and in an unflowered

é

164 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-DEc, 1920.

condition. One successful hybrid that we recall is Cypripedium bing-
leyense, derived from C. Charlesworthii and C. Harrisianum, which bloomed
in 1899. Mr. Keeling has been for many years a member of the Committee
of the Manchester Orchid Society, and a very regular exhibitor at its meet=
ings. His name is commemorated in Cypripedium Keelingii, a hybrid
between C. Chamberlainianum and C. Parishii, which flowered in 1903.
Mr. Arthur Keeling, who has had principal charge of the business for some
years, will continue the management.

Ceci, H. SPENCER PERCEVAL.—Some of our readers may remember
an account of a remarkable British hybrid Orchid, of which an account was
given at page 34 of our first volume, under the name of Habenari-orchis
viridi-maculata. It had been discovered, in July, 1891, by Mr. C. H. S.
Perceval, of Longwitton Hall, Morpeth, Northumberland, and we have just
heard, with deep regret, that this gentleman passed away in May last, after
a short illness. Mr. Perceval was a great lover of native Orchids, and when
he observed on his estate one unknown to him he carefully transferred the
plant to his wild garden, sending the spike to Kew, with a careful note of
the circumstances under which it was discovered. It was immediately
recognised asa natural hybrid, of which no previous account could be found.
Ten years later the same hybrid was found in Bohemia, and in July, 1919,
it also appeared in Ireland, in each case being associated with the two
parents. It is now known as Orchicceloglossum mixtum, and its history
will be found at p. 144 of our last volume. There is another point of
interest about the original plant, for not only was it made known to science
by Mr. Perceval, but it was taken such good care of that it has increased.
Last year five tubers were sent to Kew, two of which then flowered, and all
five this year. And now Mrs. Perceval, in sending the writer a tuber,
remarks that there are about a dozen plants. It would be interesting to
know if capsules are produced, and if so whether the seeds will germinate.
This plant will form an imperishable memorial to Mr. Perceval.

ORCHIS PRETERMISSA, Druce.—Some six years ago this supposedly new
British Orchis was described, the name denoting that it had hitherto been
overlooked. In a long criticism on our paper, “The British Marsh
Orchises” (Rep. Bot. Exch, Club, 1919, pp. 608-612), Mr. Druce now
speaks of “‘ the many thousands of plants which I have seen growing in the
marshes of nearly every British county.” Another long paper is devoted to
“‘ Orchis preetermissa, L.” (pp. 576-578). But has not our astute friend
inadvertently dropped upon another fact? That the plant was known to
Linnzus we have never doubted, but we question whether he called it
** preetermissa.” The fact is O. latifolia, L., is an aggregate, as we long ag
pointed out, being based upon several earlier records, which do not all

%

va

Nov.-Dec., 1920] THE ORCHID: REVIEW. 165

relate to the same thing. In disentangling the confusion we applied the
term latifolia in its original sense. Mr. Druce, in alluding to our analysis,
remarks: “An extraordinary fallacy underlies these statements. The
latifolia of Linnzeus (if a species at all) in a restricted sense must be based
-upon its description not on its synonyms.” But let us remind him that
description fails when drawn from two or three different plants. Whenever
_ an applied name is found to refer to more than one species, and amendment
becomes necessary, the only permissible course is to apply the old name in
its original sense. A confusion being admitted, the problem is to disen-
tangle it, and the difficulty in the case of a Linnean name is that there is no
earlier binomial system. One may trace the plant in dispute back to
Gerarde (1597), and find the spotted and unspotted species figured side by
side, with three British localities, and Mr. Druce asks, ‘Is the figure
cited that of a British plant?’’ Does it really matter? Whatever O.
latifolia may be, no one supposes it to be exclusively British. He says
““Gerarde not only borrowed the figure, but the description.” As to the
description, we entirely dissent. Gerarde described both species in his own
quaint language, clearly from living specimens, and remarked, “I have
found them in several places.’’ Mr. Druce cites “ Act. Holm. 15, 1744,” to
show that O. latifolia has spotted leaves, but Linngeus neither cites that,
nor yet states what the leaves are like. On turning up the references given
by Linnzus, we find forms with both spotted and unspotted leaves, the latter
being the O. latifolia of numerous early British authors and the O. preter-
missa, Druce, a species known as British for upwards of 300 years, though
much camouflaged by hybridity with O. maculata. L. (C. Fuchsii, Druce),
where the two grow intermixed. The confusion under O. latifolia has long
been known. As long ago as 1827 the elder Reichenbach separated the
Continental form with spotted leaves, under the name of O. majalis,
from the green-leaved O. latifolia. The relationship of these forms to
each other requires further investigation, in which Mr, Druce’s friendly
co-operation is invited. As to his final remarks, let us assure him that our
interest is not limited to tropical Orchids, and to epiphytes at that. R.A.R.

MILTONIODA CoopERt.—A greatly inproved form of this interesting
generic hybrid has been sent by Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans. The parents
are Cochlioda Neetzliana and Miltonia Warscewiczii, and the flower sent
has an expanse of two inches, and most resembles the former parent in
shape and colour. The sepals and petals are rosy scarlet, and the broad lip
rosy buff, somewhat brighter inthe centre, and with yellow keels. The
front of the column is deep yellow, and the apex and wings lilac. ihe
original, described on page 232 of our twenty-first volume, had a shining
patch on the lip.

166 : THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-DrEc., 1920.

VERY interesting discovery respecting the fertilisation of Ophrys has.

been made by M. Pouzanne, President of the Court of Justice at Sidi
Bel Abbas, Algeria, who for more than twenty years has studied the genus
with respect to the fertilisation of the flowers. The result of M. Pouzanne’s
observations are given in a rather long paper, in collaboration with M.
Henri Correvon (Journ. Soc. Nat. Hort., 1916, pp. 29-31, 41-47), of which
the following is a summary.

Darwin admitted that he could not understand the fertilisation of Ophrys,

for the flowers offered no inducement to insects to visit them, yet by their
very structure they were clearly intended for insect fertilisation. In alluding
to the well known fact that the flowers of Ophrys bear a rude resemblance
to bees, flies, &c., it is interesting to seek the reason of this strange mimicry.
But observation of the insect visitors is difficult, and requires much patience
and perseverance. In the case of the species under review, the fertilising
insects appear to be the males of certain small burrowing hymenoptera,
which emerge some time (one to four weeks) before the females, and fly here
and there awaiting their appearance. It is during this interval that, in calm
sunny weather, fertilisation chiefly takes place, and the period may be
shortened by exceptional circumstances which hasten or retard the
appearance of either the flower or the insect. Lastly, it is necessary that
the insect colonies be sufficiently near the places where the plants grow, for
the males will not forsake the ground where the females are still dormant.
As these conditions must be in agreement before fertilisation takes place,
it isnot surprising that less than a fourth of the flowers may produce
capsules, and that observations are difficult. In practice, it is little use
attempting observation unless many plants are flowering together; it is only
waste of time observing isolated specimens.
_ If one is blessed with good eyesight, it is possible to distingiush among
the small insects which fly near the Ophrys those which are bearers of
pollinia, and with a little practice it is possible to recognise the fertilisers i
flight. From present observations it would appear that the species of
Ophrys may fall into two categories, those that have a fairly deep cavity a
the base of the lip (O. fusca and O. lutea), and those without a cavity (O.
speculum), these being the only three species in which the fertilisation has
been personally observed.

O. speculum has been observed in several Algerian localities, and for a
period of twenty years. It is fertilised by the male of the hymenopterous
insect, Colpa aurea, much like a slender bee, and having its elongated body

|@| FERTILISATION OF OPHRYS.

B

| die

Noy.-DEc., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 167

covered with fairly long, red hairs. The larve live underground, in the dry
slopes exposed to the sun. In the month of March, in the middle of warm
sunny days, one frequently sees the males of this insect making their sinuous
flight, and exploring the ramparts and fortifications of the towns of Algeria,
and railway embankments which are favoured by O. speculum. They
flutter about the slopes where the female will appear somewhat later. The
flowers of O. speculum offer them some distraction during their long wait.
If you seat yourself on one of these sunny slopes, with a small bunch of O.
speculum blooms in your hand, you will soon percieve that the insects are
in some way conscious of the presence of the flowers. They fly round, and
soon one, two, three or even more will alight on the Ophrys; sometimes.
two or three will jostle on the same flower, until one remains in position
upon the lip. This will occur under the eyes of the observer, and on flowers
held in the hand. The flowers of O. speculum, to the exclusion of other
species of Ophrys, excercise a mysterious attraction to the males of Colpa
aurea, for if you place in close proximity the flowers of other species of Ophrys
they pay not the least attention to them.

Careful observation of the insects (of which details are given) has shown
that the flowers are not visited in search of nectar (as they have been seen
to do in the case of other flowers). The attraction is due to the fact that
the Ophrys lip, with its hairs, vaguely resembles the female of Colpa aurea.
The object is quite obvious, and wheu the insect’s head touches the gland
of the pollinia, the latter become attached between the eyes, and when the
bee flies away it carries this bizarre coiffure in the form of two little horns.
Insects have been observed with as many as six attached pollinia. The
process is completed when the insect visits another flower, because the
pollen then adheres to the viscid stigma.

Whether the insect is attracted by sight alone or by some other sense
is uncertain. Scent, as we know it, is not perceptable in the flower. An
experiment was made to test this question. The hairs of the lip were
completely removed from a number of flowers, soas to leave only the central
blue blotch. When these were placed on a slope frequented by the Colpa,
the flowers were visited in the usual way. A single flower was also inverted
on the slope, so that the lip was underneath and invisible, but still the Colpa
settled on it as ifin its normal position. The visits of the Colpa have also
been observed where the Ophrys grows freely in the open fields.

The flowers of Ophrys lutea are fertilised by a much smaller hymen-
opteron, slightly smaller than a bee ; Jess hairy than Colpa aurea and of a
sombre red. Fertilisation of the flower has been observed as they grow in
the fields, and several of the insects were captured, and identified at the
Paris Museum, but the name has been mislaid. This insect alights on the
lip of the flower, in the reversed direction, with its head outwards, and the

168 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-Dec., 1920.

‘slender abdomen in the cavity under the pollinia, and when the insect flies
away, the pollinia are carried off on its upper surface, near the end. Insects
have been observed with as many as six pollinia attached. On visiting
another flower, pollen is deposited on the stigma, and fertilisation is effected.
It is interesting to note that O. lutea has a very strong lemon scent.

In the case of Ophrys fusca still fewer observations have been made,
but the insect visitor is a small black hymenopteron, in shape much like the
‘one previously mentioned, and which also alights on the lip in the reverse
direction. On the railway embankment at Blida, one of these insects was
‘seen to alight on the lip of O. fusca, plunge its abdomen into the cavity,
and fly off with the pollinia attached. It was not possible to determine the
insect. At the end of January a small black hymenopteron had been
observed flying round a clump of O. fusca carrying a bouquet of four or six
pollinia, which must have been those of O. fusca, which was the only one in
bloom at this early season.

It is estimated that about 20 per cent. of the flowers of O. fusca bear
capsules, of O. lutea about 25 per cent., and of O. speculum 25 to 30 per
‘cent. Figures of a flower of each species and of two of the insects are given.

There remain four other interesting Algerian Ophryses to be observed,
the fine O. tenthredinifera, O. Scolopax, the remarkable O. bombyliflora,
and the alpine O. atlantica. O. apifera is self-fertilising, as it is at home.

In connection with the preceding, our old correspondent, M. Fernand:
Denis, Balaruc-les-Bains, whose successes in hybridising Ophryses will be
remembered, sends us the following note: ‘ Similar phenomena may be
observed with our native Ophryses. Near-my Office I have two colonies of
Ophrys aranifera, which interest me much, because four years ago I fertilised
some flowers with pollen of O. speculum, and this year I have a number of
O. Machiatii, the natural hybrid between the two, in bloom. I have seen
the male of a hymenopteron (Megachile) visiting the flowers of O. aranifera
one after another. I followed the insect for over twenty minutes, then
caught it between my fingers for certain identification, and afterwards let it
fly away.”

The preceding information marks a great advance in our knowledge, for
when Herman Muller published the second edition of his work, in 1877, he
merely alludes to seeing a fly (Sarcophaga sp.) seated on the lip of O.
muscifera and licking up the drops of fluid; it flew away, however, without
removing the pollinia. It also invests the record of the Rev. Gerarde E.
Smith, in 1829, with a new significance. He remarks, ‘‘ Mr. Price has
frequently witnessed attacks made upon the Bee Orchis by a bee, similar
to those of the troublesome Apis muscorum.” And Darwin commented,
““What this sentence means I cannot imagine.” We hope that now
_ other observers will follow up the subject. R.A.R.

Nov.-Dec., 1920.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 169

aa
oes BRASSOCATTLEYA HYEZ.
©

HE hybrids between Brassavola Digbyana and the diphyllous Cattleyas
are not a numerous group, and the one here figured, of which the
second parent is recorded as C. Harrisoniana, is a very charming little plant
and some good forms of it have recently been exhibited. It was originally
raised in the collection of the late M. Jules Hye de Crom, Ghent, and

Fig. 14. DBRASSOCATTLEYA HYE&.

flowered for the first time in 1906. The flower here figured is from a plant
which was exhibited at the Holland House Show in the'same year, by Lt.-
Col. Sir George L. Holford, Westonbirt, and which gained an Award of
Merit. The flower is of compact shape and of excellent substance, while the
colour is rosy lilac, with a yellow disc to the lip. The fringe of the lip of the
Brassavola parent, it will be noticed, is greatly reduced, but the front lobe
is strongly undulate. It is a plant of good constitution, and very floriferous,
and has been again used as a parent, this time with the large-flowered

170 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Nov. DEc., 1920.

C. labiata greup. It is probable that further crossing with some of the
richly-coloured Brassocattleyas would yield good results, increasing both
the colour and the fringe of the lip, while retaining some of the distinct

qualities of the diphyllous Cattleyas.
$8

HE frontispiece to the present volume isa b:autiful albino of Vanda
ccerulea which, under the name of V. ccerulea Charlesworthii, gained
a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S., in October, 1908, when exhibited
by Messrs. Chirlesworth & Co, Haywards Heath. The flowers are shown
slightly under natural size, and two of them are omitted through exigencies of
space. The colour is pure white, with a small yellow stain at the base of
the lip. It is a chaste and beautiful variety, and one ofthe few albinos of
the species that have appear d.

Vanda ccerulea is one of the most beautiful of autumn-blooming Orchids,
though not among the easiest to grow unless the conditions be just right.
Mr. E. H. Woodall, of Scarborough, was a very successful grower of the
species, as may be seen by an illustration which appeared at page 337 of
our third volume, and it may be interesting to reproduce his note as to the
cultural methods adopted.

VANDA CCERULEA VAR. CHARLESWORTHII.

(See Frontispiece).

“The plant of Vanda ccerulea shown in the plate,” he remarked, “is
interesting as well as beautiful, because the plant from which it was cut
endured for nearly three years the most varying treatment while trying to
find out what suited it best. It speaks volumes for the hardiness and
vigour of this species to be able to say that after enduring the heat and
moisture of a warm stove for a year-and-a-half, it has now recovered so -
thoroughly as to be able to produce a spike of bloom to which a First-class.
Certificate was granted last August. The secret—if there be one—of success
with this lovely flower is air; abundance of it whenever possible, with
sufficient moisture in the atmosphere to counteract the excessive drying
caused by ventilation. \Warmvinery treatment from mid-March to mid-
October, a winter near the glass in the Cattleya house, and in the end of
January or in early February, a dry cold rest in the house where Primulas
and such-like plants are happy, will ensure success in my pure air. I much
suspect this is an Orchid that especially dislikes the smallest taint of smoke
in the air.”

This treatment is on correct lines, for in its native habitat there is a
rather wide range between the summer and winter temperatures. It grows at
some 3,000 to 4,000 feet elevation, on trees that are fully.exposed to the sun,.

_ fain and wind, the foliage giving a certain amount of protection.

Novy.-DEc., 1g20.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 178

By J. T. BARKER, Orchid grower to His Grace the Duke of

: CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR NOV.-DEC.
| Marlborough, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxon.

HE two months now under consideration are usually the most dreary
of the whole year, the days being short, with little light, and in many
_cases the outside conditions are best described as miserable, especially in
districts where fogs prevail. ‘The only thing that can be done in mitiga-
tion is to keep the roof glass as clean as possible, and to maintain a
proper balance of heat and moisture, admitting fresh air whenever possible.
TEMPERATURES.—The temperatures of all the divisions will reach their
lowest point during the present months, and should be kept, with slight
variations, at the following figures :—

East Indian house, 60° to 70°.

Cattleya house, 55° to 60°.

Mexican and Intermediate house, 55° to 60°.

Cool house, 45° to 55°.

The lower figures indicate the night temperatures, which should be the
minimum, whilst the higher figures should be taken as the day temperatures.
For some considerable time, the grower will have to rely on the heating
apparatus for all the heat necessary to maintain the temperatures, and here
may be mentioned one or two errors that are often made as regards the
winter temperatures of Orchid houses. An excessive amount of fire heat is
most detrimental to the plants, as it not only undermines their constitutions,
but also dries up the compost, which entails unneccessary labour in water-
ing to keep the plants from shrivelling. No harm will accrue should the
temperatures in any of the divisions fall slightly below the figures given
provided that at such time a dry atmosphere is maintained.

ATMOSPHERIC MoIsTuRE requires special care at this season. A cold,
damp atmosphere, like a hot dry one, must be strictly guarded against
during the winter months, as either condition brings trouble. Everything
depends upon the conditions we make for the plants, for even the most
difficult subjects will thrive if placed in suitable quarters. The amount of
atmospheric moisture required depends partly upon the amount of artificial
heat given, and partly upon the condition of the plants. The outside
conditions, and the amount of ventilation possible, have also to be taken
into consideration. Many of the evils which Orchid growers are troubled
with are attributable to a faulty atmosphere in the houses. Excessive
moisture is likely to bring the much-dreaded spot disease, while thrip and
other insect pests are encouraged by the reverse conditions.

WATERING.—As regards the application of water to the compost, I must

172 THE ORCHID ‘REVIEW. [Nov,-Drc., 1920:

again urge the necessity of moderation, always being sure that water is
required before applying it. The dangers of the compost being allowed
to become too dry have been pointed out, but the effect of too much water
is equally disastrous, entailing the loss of roots, and the general decline of
the plants.

VENTILATION.—In the matter of ventilation it isa golden rule, when-
ever possible, to have a little air on somewhere, in all the divisions,
providing, of course, that the temperatures can be maintained. It sweetens —
the atmosphere, and does away with those ‘stuffy’? conditions which are
prevalent in many houses. If the conditions of the houses feel oppressive
to the cultivator, depend upon it they are also oppressive to the plants. It
is not so much in general principles that the great mistakes are made, but in
these small details of our practice.

Restinc.—Most Orchids, having reached maturity, delight in a season
of rest, and those at rest at the present season should be allowed to remain
quiet as long as possible. They should not be allowed to shrivel for want
of water, nor on the other hand should their roots be decayed by an excess
ofit. There is as much skill in restinga plant properly, as in making it
build up healthy growth in its growing season. The finer the growth, the
more skill necessary to ripen and consolidate it, if the best results are to be
obtained,

CypRIPEDIUMS.—The winter-flowering section of these useful plants
needs no words of recommendation from me, as their floriferousness, the
ease with which they can be grown, and the lasting quality and beauty of
their flowers are all well known, and at the present time are most popular.
Another great consideration, especially to those who live in or near large
towns, is that they suffer less from fog than almost any other Orchid.
Cypripediums are always in active growth, hence absolute dryness at the
roots, at any season, is injurious. During their flowering period, the
minimum amount of moisture at the roots is required, but whenever the
compost becomes dry, the plants should have water afforded them, care
being taken that they become fairly dry between each application. A
humid atmosphere should be maintained at all times, but care should be
taken that it does not reach saturation point with a low tomperature.
During their flowering period a night temperature of 60°, with a slight rise
during the day will suffice.

CaTTLeyas, Leliocattleyas, and their allies are more appreciated at this
season than at any other, and the number of fine autumn-blooming hybrids
is steadily increasing, so that no difficulty is likely to be found in maintain-
ing a display of their beautiful flowers. The remarks made regarding their
culture during the winter months should be closely followed, as in my
opinion these plants are generally given two much water during the winter,

Nov.-DEc., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 173

and not sufficient during their growing season. Any that are in need of
new material at the roots may still be taken in hand, but it is advisable that
they should be pushing new roots when repotted, and that the new compost
be afterwards kept on the dry side until the new roots have freely entered
into it. Firm potting is necessary. These plants, although unable to
stand direct sunshine, delight in abundance of light, hence the necessity of
keeping the glass of the houses in which they are grown clean at this
season. Sophrocattleyas, Brassocattleyas, and the many hybrids derived
from intercrossing the allied genera, all succeed under the same conditions ;
therefore there is no need to mention them in detail.

ODONTOGLOossuUMs.— Plants of O. Uroskinneri, O. bictoniense, and others
that are growing fast and pushing forth roots from the base of their growths,
may be potted if necessary. These plants, having thick fleshy roots,
should not be potted too firmly. O. grande, and those of a similar nature
having completed their growths, and produced their flowers, should be
gradually brought to rest, when only sufficient water to prevent shrivelling
should be giventhem. This section of the genus requires a slightly warmer
position than the O. crispum and O. Pescatorei section, and therefore
should be grown at the warmest end of the house.

Oncipiums, such as O. varicosum, O. Forbesii and others, that have
been growing in a cool temperature, and are pushing up their flower spikes,
will be better for a little more warmth, which will assist them in developing.
their flowers, and thus a position in the Intermediate house is desirable.
In a low temperature there is a danger of the buds turning yellow and
dropping off, and I find that if placed in more favourable conditions the
flowers are finer, and open readily.

PHALZNopPsIS will now be showing their flower spikes. They give very
little trouble where the structure is a suitable one. They should always
occupy the warmest house, hence the reason that they are not seen as
much now as in the past, when fuel troubles were not as prevalent as they
are to-day. They are best grown suspended from the roof, at a sufficient
distance from the glass to prevent the cold from. injuring them. These,
like many other Orchids, are best kept on the dry side during the cold days
of winter.

Mexican Laias.—These, like Cattleyas, enjoy light, especially whilst
making their growths, and delight in fresh air whenever the outside
conditions will allow of it being admitted. The early varieties will soon be
opening their flowers; others are naturally later, and by judiciously
manipulating them, the blooming period may be considerably extended.
L. autumnalis and its chaste variety alba, with L. albida, and L. furfuracea,
will also be in bloom. These like to be kept slightly cooler while making
their growth, also the now scarce L. majalis, which does best when

174 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Nov.-DEc, 1920.

suspended in a light position. When flowering is over, give the plants a
good rest, allowing only sufficient water to keep the pseudobulbs plump
Pot firmly, in small receptacles, in good rough osmunda or other fibre, as
soon as young roots are about to push. These can be anticipated by
observing small pimples on the rhizome, which is the best time to take
them in hand. A temperature of about 53° to 60° F. by night, anda
comparatively dry atmosphere, is suitable during the winter months.

DENDROBIUMS that are now at rest must have water afforded them with
discretion for some considerable time, though shrivelling of the stems for
want of moisture at the roots must be strictly guarded against. D.
Phalznopsis and D. formosum are now in bloom, and at this dull season
their flowers are most useful. When the blooms are over, or the scapes

removed, the plants should be carefully rested in a temperature which does
_ not fall below 60° F., and receive sufficient water to keep the pseudobulbs
in a plump and healthy condition. The atmosphere should be kept fairly
dry to assist in thoroughly ripening the pseudobulbs. Newly imported
plants of these species, which I am pleased to see again amongst us, may be
hung up in an intermediate temperature, and sprayed from time to time,
until new roots are observed to be pushing, when they may be potted up
into small pans, using a clean open compost, when they may be treated as
established plants. D. infundibulum, D. Jamesianum, and others which
require an even temperature the year round, will be much better removed to
the Cool end of an Intermediate house for the winter, and these, being ever-
green plants, must not be allowed to suffer for want of water at any time.
Other evergreen Dendrobiums, such as D. thrysiflorum, densiflorum, pul-
chellum, and others which are resting should also have water afforded
them whenever they become dry. Although not grown to the extent they
were at cne time, they are stilla most interesting and fascinating class of
plants; and deserve more extended cultivation.

GENERAL ReMaRks.—Perhaps at this season I may be allowed to
mention a few thoughts which pass through my mind. Firstly, the extent
of harm the war and its aftermath has done to horticulture, for how many
plants have been lost through its indirect action, and how many collections
broken up. It all shows that war, of whatever kind, is a curse to the peace-
3 ful cultivators of plants. It is vicious in its influence, and two years after
the armistice we are still suffering under the abnormal conditions.
Happily, the industry has been kept alive, and this is in no small degree due
to the enormous strides which are being made in hybridisation, and which
in time will no doubt lead to astill further development in the popularity of
this beautiful family. In the meantime we should all unite to promote this
| desirable end. The present issue of the Orchid Review will complete another
7 : cme and I am sure that every grower should be thankful to those who

Nov.-DeEc., 1920. | THE ORCHID REVIFIW. 175

have kept it alive during the troublesome times we have passed through.
Its usefulness cannot be questioned, and we have only to look through the
series of volumes to read the history of Orchid Cultivation from the time of
its inception. Especially is this so in the enormous number of hybrids
which have been recorded in its pages, and Iam sure that all readers will
join me in wishing our Editor many years of health and the necessary
leisure tocontinue under more congenial conditions the good work which he
has carried on for so long. May the cult grow beyond our greatest anticip-
ations, and may the coming year bring. us everlasting peace, and the
promise of better times in the near future.

EPIDENDRUM ENpDRESII.—I was much interested to see the note and
figure of Epidendrum Endresii at page 145. The species is said to be
fairly common in the region of La Palma, north of San José, at 5,000 to
6,000 elevation, and on the Cerro Zurqui, an adjacent range of mountains
to the westward of La Palma, which is the depression between Irazi and
the massif of Barba. I have not collected it Here myself, but I believe the
information is correct. The plants I have in cultivation in Costa Rica were
given me in San José, and stated to have come from La Palma. I remember
the late Prof. Paul Biolley bringing some from the Candelaria range, south
of San José. I have never seen the purple form as described; my
specimens have all a blue-violet stain. There is a very closely allied form
on the southern slopes of Irazu, at 7,000 to 8,000 feet elevation, with the
leaves closer together on the stems, the leaf sheaths more thickly verrucose,
and the flower with a brown stain on the column and base of the lip. This
I have found myself, and brought a plant home, but it unfortunately died.

C. H. LANKESTER.
eae Pee

OrcHIDS OF THE BAHAMAS.—In a work entitled ‘“‘ The Bahama Flora,”
Doctors Britton and Millspaugh enumerate 36 species of Orchids, belonging
to 22 genera. The latter, however, are increased by breaking up the old
genus Epidendrum into six. Sixteen of the genera are monotypic, and
Encyclia heads the list with eight species. Of three species of Oncidium
two are new. The flora of the Bahama Archipelago is most allied to that of
the adjacent coasts of Cuba and Florida.

case.

REICHENBACH ON HIMSELF.—‘“‘ Systematic Botany becomes absolutely
inaccessible if in our days it is regarded sufficient to scribble some lines
about a thing, which may be applied to many or no species at once.”"—
Gard. Chron., 1880, i. p. 648. He might well have added: ‘“ And then lock
up the materials for a quarter of a century.”

176 THE -ORCHID REVIEW. {| Nov.-DEC., 1920.

————$—$——$$

IC SIS.
Real ONCIDIUM PHAL/AENOP ae

MONG the Orchids which it is desirable to re-introduce to cultivation
must be included this charming little Oncidium, for we fear that it

has completely ‘disappeared. It is a native of Ecuador, whence it was
introduced by M. J. Linden, Brussels, through Gustav Wallis, being
described by Reichenbach in 1869. It has since been reduced to a variety of
O. cucullatum, though we should rather consider it as a distinct but closely

Fig. 15. OnctptumM PHALANopPsiIS.

allied species, having considerably larger flowers, with some differences
in structural details. It is said to occur at an altitude of 8,000 to 10,000
feet, and thus requires quite cool treatment. The flowers here figured were
from a plant in the collection of the late Frau Ida Brandt, of Zurich, and it
is only necessary to add that the markings are bright purple, and the ground
colour of the lip white. The allied O. cucullatum is still occasionally met
with, though in weak examples which give little idea if its character in
native examples. Both are high alpine plants, inhabiting the cooler regions
of the Andes, and growing under conditions which can only be approxim-
ately met in the Odontoglossum house. It is much to be wished that a new
importation of these charming plants could be made.

Nov.-DEc., 1920.] TITE ORCHID REVIEW. 177

ES) SOCIETIES. Ea

RoyaL HorTICULTURAL.

The usual fortnightly meeting was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall,
Vincent Square, Westminster, on September 7th, when there was a fine
display of Orchids.

Orchid Committee present: Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the Chair),
J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch, Arther Dye, Walter Cobb,
kK. A. Rolfe, E.R. Ashton. J. BK. -Seill Fi. KevSander, 5S. W. Bory, &;
Armstrong, A. Mc Bean, F. J. Hanbury, Stuart H. Low, and W. J. Kaye.

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE.

BRASSOCATTLEYA IRENE VAR. GRANDIS (Bc. Maroni#- X C. Dowiana
aurea).—A very large and handsome form, light resy mauve in colour and
with a yellow disc to the well-fringed lip. From Messrs. Stuart Low & Co.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

BRASsOCATTLEYA LISETTE (Bc. Marie X C. Dowianaaurea).—A very
richly coloured hybrid of excellent shape, the segments being dark purple
with some yellow in the throat of the lip. Exhibited by W. R. Fasey, Esq.

BRASSOCATTLEYA MARONIRIS VAR. CANARY (Be. Maronie xX C. Iris).—A
very beautiful variety, with broad, canary yellow sepals and petals, the
lip rose-pink in front, and with a dark yellow disc. Exhibited by the Duke
of Marlborough.

CATTLEYA ABEKENIZ (Dowiana xX Rothschildiane —A charming
hybrid, having light yellow sepals and petals of good shape, while the broad
lip is light purple i in front, and the disc dark yellow. From W. R. Fasey Esq.

CULTURAL COMMENDATION.

CaTTLEyA IRIS MAJESTICA.—To Messrs. Armstrong and Brown for a

splendidly grown plant, bearing spikes of six and seven fine flowers.
SILVER-GILT FLorA MEDAL.

Tothe Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim, Woodstock (gr. Mr. J. T. Barker),
for a brilliant group of hybrids raised in the collection, and including over a
hundred well-grown plants. Noteworthy among them were examples of
Lzliocattleya Soulange with five and six flowers on a spike, Lc. Mrs. T.
Ward (Hiawatha x Lustre), various forms of Brassocattleya Maroniris,
the var. splendens having large mauve flowers, and others of the Cattleya
group too numerous to mention.

SILVER Fiora MEDALS.

To Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, for a fine group of
showy Cattleyas, Lzliocattleyas, Odontoglossums, etc., particularly inter-
esting being the forms of Lc. Golden Wren (C. iridescens X Le. Thyone),

178 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-DEc., 1920.

varying from yellow to orange, with a crimson lip, and the richly-coloured
' Sophrocattleya Atalanta (Sc. Ariadne X C. Eros).

To Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, for a beautiful group
of scarlet Odontiodas and white and blotched Odontoglossums, Cattleya
Desdemona (Fabia X Thurgoodiana), C. Nagoya (Warscewiczii x Elvina),
and other good things.

To Messrs. Stuart Low and Co., Jarvisbrook, for a bright and attractive
group, in which noteworthy subjects included Brassocattleya Eileen (C.
Dowiana aurea X Bc. Maroniz), the fine Leliocattleya Sargon (C.
Dowiana aurea X Lc. Lustre), and others.

SILVER BANKSIAN MEDALS.

To H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), for an
interesting and varied group, containing the pure white Coelogyne Veitchii,
Masdevallias, and a series of showy autumn-flowering Orchids.

To Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, for a choice group of Odonto-
glossums, Odontiodas, and hybrids of the Cattleya group, Leliocattleya
Colmaniana illustris (Le. callistoglossa x C. Dowiana aurea) being
particularly fine.

VOTE OF THANKS.

To Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, for an interesting group of autumn-
blooming species and hybrids.

OTHER EXHIBITS.

Mrs. Bischoffsheim, Warren House, Stanmore (gr. Mr. Haddon), sent
four pretty varieties of Cattleya Sybil (Dowiana xX iridescens), and C. Van
Houtte (Warscewiczii X Rothschildiana).

W. R. Fasey, Esq., Snaresbrook, sent the fine Odontoglossum Gloriana
(Jasper X crispum), and Cattleya Eleanora alba.

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashstead Park, Surrey (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent the
charming light-yellow Lzliocattleya Canary (C. Fabiaalba x Lc. Thyone).

At the meeting held on September 21st, there was again a good display,
and the Orchid Committee was represented as follows: Sir Jeremiah
Colman, Bart. (in the chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Sir Harry J. Veitch,
C. J. Lucas, S. W. Flory, F. K. Sander, E. Shill, R. S. Thwaites, F. J.
Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, R. A. Rolfe, W. J. Kaye, T. Armstrong, A.
McBean, and C. H. Curtis.

FirsT-cLass CERTIFICATES.

BrassocaTL#LIA AMBER (Bcl. Baroness xX C. Dowiana aurea).—A
superb hybrid, the flower being large and of a perfect shape, and the sepals
_ and petals clear amber yellow, with a broad red-purple zone round the
orange throat of the lip. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell
Park, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill).

Nov.-DEc., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. ao

AWARD OF MERIT.

BRASSOCATLELIA TucuMAN FasEy’s var. (Bcl. Cooksonii x C.
Phoebe).—A fine thing, with deep yellow sepals and petals, and the bright
crimson lip somewhat elongated and with yellow veining on the disc.
Exhibited by W. R. Fasey, Esq., Holly Bush Hill, Snaresbrook (gr. Mr. FE.
J. Seymour).

BRASSOCATTLEYA OLYMPUS VAR. NENA (Bc. Maronie xX C. Hardyana).

—A fine form, having cream white segments tinged with rose, and a light
yellow disc to the lip. Exhibited by Messrs. Flory and Black.
. L#LIOCATTLEYA GRAND-MonarcH (Lc. Nella x C. Trianze Grand-
Monarch).—A large and beautiful variety, having silver-white sepals and
petals, tinged with mauve, and the broad lip very rich purple with some
whitish veining on the disc. Exhibited by Messrs. Flory and Black.

L#LIOCATTLEYA RoyaL Purple (C. Alexandra X C. Empress Fred-
erick).-—A very richly-coloured hybrid, the sepals and petals being violet-
purple, the latter with a white basal line, and some whitish freckling, and
the lip deep purple with a yellow disc. From Messrs. Flory and Black.

SILVER-GILT FLORA MEDAL.

To Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, for an excellent
group of showy Orchids, including a brilliant example of Cattleya Maronii
with six flowers, C. Armstrongiew, C. Hardyana alba, C. Claesiana alba,
C. O’Brieniana alba, Lzliocattleya Maqueda and Golden Wren, Oncidium
Papilio, several brilliant Odontiodas and Odontoglossums, including thé
finely blotched O. Pescatorei Armstrongi#, Cypripedium Germaine Opoix
and Maudie, etc., in well-grown examples.

SILVER FLorA MEDAL.

To Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, for a fine group, in which
Cattleya Hardyana alba, C. Eleanora alba, C. Dusseldorfii Undine, and
other white Cattleyas were conspicuous, the brilliant C. Carmen and C.
Iris, forms of the fine Leliocattleya Sargon (C. Hardyana xX Lc. Lustre),
Le. Haroldiana, and others, Vanda ccerulea, Dendrobium pulchellum,
Cypripedium I’Ansonii and C. insigne Sandere, many brilliant Odontiodas
Oncidium varicosum, the original O. Stanleyi, a fine natural hybrid, etc.

SILVER BANKSIAN MEDALS.

To Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, for a choice little group, including
Brassocatlelia Bella (Bcl. Morna X CC. Dowiana aurea), Cattleya
Larcrozez (Hardyana X Adula), Leliocattleya Nerissa (C. Antiope X Lc.
Juminosa), Lc. Jaquetta (Lc. Lustre x C. Empress Frederick), a fine
Vanda ccerulea, and several other good things.

To Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, for an interesting group, including the
beautiful white Cattleya Hatdyana alba and C. Lady Veitch, three fine
Leliocattleya Soulange, Lc. Glory (fulva x Thyone), Saccolabium

180 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov -DEc., 1920-

acutifolium, Coelogyne speciosa, Cypripedium Germaine Opoix, C. Gaston
Bultel, and others.
OTHER EXxXHIBITs.

A. J. Hollington, Esq., Forty Hill, Enfield (gr. Mr. May), sent Cattleya
Amy May (Empress Frederick x Dowiana aurea), most like a light form of
the latter, and C. Alice Hollington, with flowers of the C. Hardyana type-

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton (gr. Mr. Taylor), sent fine
examples of Leeliocattleya Serbia and Lc. St. George Bryndir var.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, sent a choice little i
group, including Leliocattleya "Doreen (Lc. Elinor X C. Dowiana aurea),
yellow, with some red markings on the lip, Cattleya Rothschildiana alba,
C. Mrs. Pitt Charlesworth’s var., with three brilliant carmine-rose flowers,
and Cypripedium Ivanhoe (Gaston Bultel x leyburnense), a richly-coloured
form, most-like the former.

The meeting held on October 5th was devoted to British-grown fruit,
and the Orchid exhibits were limited to plants submitted for Certificate,
and these formed a very brilliant series.

The Orchid Committee sat upstairs, and was represented as follows: Sir
Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (in the Chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Arthur Dye,
E.R. Ashton, C. J. Lucas, F. J. Hanbury, Sir Harry J. Veitch, Pantia
Ralli, T. Armstrong, C. H. Curtis, H. G. Alexander, J, ee oul, i. fo-
Thwaites, S. W. Flory, J. Cypher, R. A. Rolfe, F. K. Sander, and J. W-
Potter.

FIrsT-cLass CERTIFICATES.

BRASSOCATTLEYA MURIEL MAGNIFICA (Be. Maronie x Lc. Feroniz).
A large and very beautiful variety, having perfectly shaped rose-pink flowers,
with a large chrome-yellow disc to the lip. Exhibited by W. R. Fasey, Esq.

VUYLSTEKEARA MEMORIA JOSEPH CHARLESWORTH (Odontioda Brewit
x Miltonia Charlesworthii)—A_ brilliant hybrid, most like the Miltonia
parent in shape, and having deep maroon-crimson sepals and petals, anda
very large rosy-crimson lip with a yellow crest. Exhibited by Messrs-
Charlesworth & Co.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

BRASSOCATTLEYA RosiTA VAR. HaRMONY (Be. Hene x C. Dowiana
aurea).—A charming variety, having white sepals and petals, and a rosy-
mauve, well fringed lip with a yellow disc. Exhibited by Messrs. Flory &

lack.

CATTLEYA THE PRINCE (Rhoda x Dowiana aurea).—A handsome
hybrid, having brilliant yellow sepals and petals, flushed with red, and

a crimson lip with yellow veining on the disc. Exhibited by Messrs-

Nov.-DEc., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 181

ODoNTOGLossum Dusky QUEEN (Jasper X Aquitania).—A large and
finely shaped variety, very regularly blotched with dark mauve on a white
ground. Exhibited by W. R. Fasey, Esq.

ODONTOGLOssUM Mrs. JAMES Woop (Rex xX crispum Perfection).—
A very large and perfectly-shaped flower, the ground colour white, with
copious dark red blotches on the inner two-thirds of the segments. Exhib-
ited by Messrs. Armstrong & Brown.

OpoNToGLossuM Sir Harry VEITCH (Mars X Menier St. Vincent).—
A fine acquisition, with richly-coloured flowers, the sepals and petals being
crimson-purple with white apex and base, and thelip white with dark
crimson blotches in front of the yellow crest. Exhibited by Messrs.
Armstrong & Brown.

PRELIMINARY COMMENDATION.

ODONTOGLOssUM Emma (ashteadense X eximium).—A promising thing,
the sepals and petals claret-coloured with white tips, and the lip white
with a crimson blotch in front of the yellow crest. From Pantia Ralli, Esq.

OTHER EXxuIBITs.

W. R. Fasey, Esq., Snaresbrook (gr. Mr. Seymour), sent Brassocattleya
Lemon (Bc. Leemanie X C. granulosa), a pretty light yellow hybrid.

Sir Herbert Leon, Bart., Bletchley Park (gr. Mr. Field), sent finely
grown examples of Dendrobium formosum and Epidendrum vitellinum,
with Cypripedium Barbara (Gaston Bultel x Harrisander), Cattleya Mrs.
Pitt, and Leliocattleya Acis.

The Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim (gr. Mr. Barker), sent Lzliocattleya
Ivanhoe Blenheim var., a beautiful white flower with intense purple lip.

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashstead Park (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent a good form of
Odontoglossum promerens.

Baron Bruno Schréder, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill), sent some
beautiful cut blooms of Lezliocattleya Ivanhoe.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, sent Odontonia Nydia
(M. Hyeana X O. Harryanum), a charming thing of Miltonia shape, and
clear white with rose-purple markings on the lip.

Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, sent Miltonia Redbreast, a charming white
of the M. Sanderz type, with a claret-purple blot on the lip.

At the meeting held on October 19th there was a very brilliant display,
including one of the best forms of Vanda ccerulea that we have ever seen.
The Orchid Committee was represented as follows: Sir Jeremiah Colman,
Bart. (in the Chair), J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), C. J. Lucas, J. W. Potter,
R. A. Rolfe, F. J. Hanbury, Pantia Ralli, A. McBean, E. R. Ashton,
Arthur Dye, S. W. Flory, C. H. Curtis, J. E. Shill, F. K. Sander and
JT. Armstrong.

182 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-DEc., 1920

FIRST-cLAss CERTIFICATES.

L#LIOCATTLEYA IVANHOE SUPERBA (C. Dowiana aurea x Lc. eximia).
—A magnificent form, the flower being very large and of perfect shape, the
sepals and very broad petals being rosy mauve, and the lip ruby-purple,
with yellow veining on the disc. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder.

VANDA C@RULEA KING OF THE BLUES.—A magnificent form, bearing
a strong spike of very large dark blue flowers, the richest in colour that we
remember to have seen. Exhibited by Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashstead Park,
Surrey (gr. Mr. Faines).

AWARDS OF MERIT.

BRASSOCATTLEYA SOFRANO (Bc. Leemaniz x C. iridescens).—A very
beautiful hybrid, of good shape, and having clear sulphur yellow flowers,
flushed with rose on the lip. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.

CATTLEYA DOoLorRosa (parentage ?).—A charming thing, having pale
yellow sepals and petals and a crimson-purple lip, with yellow lines at the
base. Exhibited by W. R. Fasey, Esq., Holly Bush Hill, Snaresbrook
gr. Mr. E. J. Seymour).

CATTLEYA TROILUS (Luegez x Clotho).—A handsome Cattleya, having
well-shaped, light mauve sepals and petals, and an undulate violet-purple
lip. Exhibited by W. R. Fasey, Esq.

CYPRIPEDIUM FRONTLINE (mirum x Leeanum).—Most like a very fine
C. Leeanum, and having a large white dorsal sepal, spotted with purple
and with a yellow base, the broad petals and lip being yellow green tinged
with mahogany brown. Exhibited by W. R. Fasey, Esq.

SOPHROCATLELIA CAMDEN (Lc. Oakwood Alpha x Sc. Doris).—A
charming hybrid, having deep chrome yellow sepals and petals of good
shape, and the lip darker with a band of cherry red in front. Exhibited by
E. R. Ashton, Esq., Camden Park, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Varnum).

CULTURAL ‘COMMENDATION.

VANDA CGRULEA.—Sir Otto Beit, Lewin Water, Welwyn (gr.
Mr. Lloyd), for a splendidly grown plant bearing four spikes of flowers.
CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION.

BRASSOCATLELIA CITRINA (BI. Jessopiz xX C. citrina).—A remarkable
little plant, with erect habit and short pseudobulbs and leaves, but the
peduncle deflexed, and bearing a greenish yellow flower, with slightly
fringed lip. Exhibited by Pantia Ralli, Esq.

SILVER-GILT FLora MEDAL.

To Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, for a brilliant group
of showy Orchids, noteworthy among them being some finely-blotched
Odontoglossums and the charming O. promerens xanthotes, Odontiodas,
Miltonias, Cattleyas, Lzliocattleyas, and Cypripediums, the rare Bulbo-
phyllum galbinum, Trichosma suavis, and many others.

far?

Nov.-DEc., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 183.

SILVER FLora MEDALS.

To T. H. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), for a
fine group, including the handsome Odontoglossum Lady Veitch, O. grande
aureum, Cypripedium Spicerianum, Richmannii, and Boltonii, the pretty
little Promenza xanthina, Trichosma suavis, Cycnoches chlorochilon, Epi-
dendrum umbellatum, and others.

To Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, for a brilliant group,
in which Cattleyas. and allies were prominent, noteworthy among them
being the beautiful white Cattleya Cerberus (intertexta Julietiz x labiata
alba), C. Troilus (Luegez x Clotho), Brassocattleya Lilian (Bc. Veitchii
Queen Alexandra x C. chocoensis), cream white, Brassocatlelia Golden
Crown (Bcl. Joan xX C. Venus), yellow with crimson lip, and other
autumn-blooming Orchids.

To Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, for a fine group of Cattleyas,
Lzliocattleyas, and others, noteworthy among them being Leliocattleya
luminosa aurea, Lc. Soulange, Lc. St. George, and Sophrocatlelia Anzac,
with a few good Cypripediums and Odontoglossums.

To Messrs. J..&.A. McBean, Cooksbridge, for a select group, in which
we noted some beautiful forms of Leliocattleya Linda, Lc. Colmaniana,
Cattleya Cowaniz alba, C. Eleanora, C. Fabia, Odontoglossums, etc., with
some good Cymbidiums behind.

To Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans, for a fine group, in which Cattleya
Fabia with white and coloured forms of C. Hardyana were conspicuous.
We noted also a beautiful example of Leliocattleya Rothschildie with
eleven flowers, Dendrobium Devonianum, Saccolabium §acutifolium,
Cypripediums, etc.

OTHER EXHIBITS.

Mrs. Bischoffsheim, Warren House, Stanmore (gr. Mr. Haddon), sent
Cattleya Sybil var. Primrose, with yellow sepals and petals.

H. C. Bird, Esq., Wellington House, Princes Risborough, sent a fine
form of Leliocattleya Sargon.

J. Joicey, Esq., The Hill, Witley, Surrey (gr. Mr. Mackay), sent Brasso-
cattleya Jean (Bc. Menda X C. Dowiana aurea), white with yellow disc,
with good forms of Cattleya Abekenia and Leliocattleya Irensis,
Carmencita, and others.

Dr. Miguel Lacroze, Bryndir, Roehampton (gr. Mr. Taylor), sent a well-
spotted Odontoglossum Moorgate (Ianthe X eximium).

Baron Bruno Schroder, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill), sent Cattleya
ee and a few good cut blooms.

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham (gr. Mr. Gover), sent Odontanionuin
autumnale (crispum_X swietenicolor), a fine thing, blotched with mahogany
red on a white ground, Cattleya Snowdon, and a few other good things.

184 THE ORCHID REVIEW [Nov.-DEc., 1920.

MANCHESTER AND NoRTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.

A meeting was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on September
2nd, when the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme
(in the chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, A. Coningsby, D. A. Cowan, 5 ase
Cowan, J. Howes, A. Keeling, D. McCleod, J. McNab, E. W. Thompson,
J. Thrower, and H. Arthur (Sec.).

FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.

Brassocatlelia Thyone (Bc. Leemaniz x Le. Thyone), one of the finest
yellow hybrids of the section, the shape being perfect ; sepals and petals
deep yellow, of great texture, and the lip large, beautifully frilled, with dark
centre (a Silver-gilt Medal was also awarded to it), and Bcl. Muriel (Be.
Maroniz X Lc. Peronia), a large flower of good colour and perfect shape,
with deep yellow throat ; from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Cattleya Henshallii The Premier (Dupreana x Warscewiczii), a noble
Cattleya, having a very large flower of rich colour and splendid shape ;
from P. Smith, Esq. A Silver-gilt Medal was also awarded to it.

Cypripedium Rossetti Axholme House var., the largest type of the flower
seen in the North, and of perfect shape ; from A. Francois, Esq.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Cattleya Hardyana alba Axholme House var., C. Ena var. Albert
Francois (Massaiana X bicolor), and Lc. Golden Oriole var. Mdlle. Marthe
Derihon (Lc. Charlesworthii x C. Dowiana aurea); from A. Francois, Esq.

Leliocattleya Britannia alba magnifica (Lc. Canhamiana alba x C.
Warscewiczii F. M. Beyrodt), Le. Georgius Invincible (Lc. Invincible
Orama X C. King George), and Cypripedium Climax (Alcibiades X
Harrisianum) ; from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Leliocattleya Thyone McBean’s var. (Lc. Ophir x C. Dowiana aurea) ;
from P. Smith, Esq.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
To Mr. A Coningsby, for a plant of Dendrobium Sanderz.
First-class BoTANICAL CERTIFICATE.

To Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, for Eria rhynchostyloides.

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq., West Point (gr.
Mr. J. Howes), for a magnificent group, in which Cattleyas and allies were
particularly well represented, with a number of choice Cypripediums.

A Large Silver Medal was awarded to J. J. Bolton, Esq., Pendleton (gr.
Mr. S. Lyne), for a fine group of choice Cattleyas, Brassocattleyas, etc.

Interesting exhibits were sent by the Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-
Moors (gr. Mr. E. Marshall); A. Francois, Esq., Doncaster (gr. Mr. D.
Pitts), Capt. W. Horridge, Bury (gr. Mr. A. Coningsby); P. Smith, Esq.,
Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson); and Messrs. A. J. Keeling
& Sons, Bradford. a :

Nov.-Dec., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 185

At the meeting held on September 16th, the members of Committee
present were:—Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. A. Burns,
D. A. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, J. Howes, D. McLeod,
E. W. Thompson, and J. Thrower.

First-cLass CERTIFICATES.

Cattleya Eleanora (Hardyana alba X Warscewiczii F. M. Beyrodt), a
very fine flower, with pure white segments, and the very broad lip shading
into deep magenta, with two large white eyes, and primrose on each side of
the column ; from Mrs. Gratrix.

Leliocattleya Serbia Edgemoor var. (C. Enid xX Le. St. Gothard), a
large flower of rich red-mauve shade; from A. Hanmer, Esq.

Brassocattleya Admiral Jellicoe var. Rosita (Bc. Veitchii x C. Lord
Rothschild), a wonderfully large flower, of deep rose mauve, the lip gaining
in pbseinag: of colour at the outer edge and base ; from P. Smith, Esq.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Vanda coerulea var. formosa and Cattleya Adula var. Sunset; from Sir
Herbert Leon, Bart.

Brassocatlelia Muriel var. Goldcrest (Bc. Leemaniz x Lc. Peronia) ;
from A. Francois, Esq.

Cypripedium Rossetti var. Queen Alexandra ; from A. Hanmer, Esq.

Lelia Dayana coerulea ; from P. Smith, Esq.

FIRST-CLASS AWARD OF APPRECIATION.

Odontoglossum Eximillus var. superbum Se x eximium);

from A. Hanmer, Esq.

CULTURAL CERTIFICATES.

To Mr. A. Burns, for a batch of Odontoglossum grande.

To Mr. W. W. Field, for Cattleya Adula var. Sunset.

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to A. Hanmer, Esq., Burbage, Buxton
(gr. Mr. G. Giles), for a rich and varied group.

Large Silver Medals were awarded to Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley,
Bury (gr. Mr. A. Burns), and to A. Francois, Esq., Doncaster ero Mr. Ds
Pitts), for excellent groups.

Silver Medals were awarded to the Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-
Moors (gr. Mr. E. Marshall), and to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham,
for fine groups, in both of which Cypripediums were well represented:

Interesting exhibits were sent by Sir Herbert Leon, Bart., Bletchley
Park, Bucks (gr. Mr. W. W. Field); P. Smith, Esq., Ashton-on- Mersey
(gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson); Mrs. Gratrix, West Point (gr. Mr. J. Howes) ;
and Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans. See above list of awards.

The Secretary desires, with deep regret, to record the death of Mr. A. J.
ee senior, of Bradford, an old and espe member of the Committee.

186 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-DEc., 1920.

At the meeting held on October 7th, the members of the Committee
present were :—Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth,
A. Burns, A. Coningsby, D. A. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer,
J. Howes, A. Keeling, D. McLeod, E..W. Thompson, J. Thrower, and
H. Arthur (Secretary).

FirsT-CLass CERTIFICATES.

Leliocattleya Maudiz Edgemoor var. (C. Dowiana aurea X Lec. Nelius),
a fine round flower, of a rich canary colour throughout; Lc. St. George
var. Renown (Lc. St. Gothard x C. Fabia), a finely-shaped bold flower,
with richly-coloured lip; Le. Erica (Lc. St. Gothard x C. Empress
Frederick), sepals and petals rich mauve, lip large and intense in colour;
from A. Hanmer, Esq.

Leliocattleya Britannia Regina (Lc. Canhamiana alba X Warscewiczil
F. M. Beyrodt), sepals and petals pure white, lip richly-coloured, with
white margin; from Mrs. Gratrix.

Cypripedium Madame Albert Fevrier (Germaine Opoix X_ insigne
Harefield Hall), a large well-formed and well-spotted flower; from Rev. |
J. Crombleholme. a‘

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Leliocattleya Carmencita (C. Dowiana x Lc. luminosa), Cypripedium
Briton (Germaine Opoix x King George), and Odontoglossum grande
Leviathan ; from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Cattleya Alfred Fowler var. Faustula, Odontioda Zenobia var. lilacina,
and Oncidium Forbesii maculatum ; from P. Smith, Esq.

Lelia preestans Gratrixiz and Lycaste Susanne; from Mrs. Gratrix.

Leliocattleya Hadrian (C. Enid x Le. callistoglossa), Cypripedium
Elise (Lady Dillon x Hermes) ; from A. Hanmer, Esq.

Odontoglossum grande Leviathan; from Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley.

Cypripedium Orbis (Leeanum x Hera); from The Rev. J. Crombleholme.

AWARDS OF APPRECIATION (FIRST-CLASS).

Sophrocatlelia Axholme (Scl. Helen x Lc. Colmaniana); from A.
Francois, Esq. :

Odontoglossum crispum Orpheus; from Mrs. Gratrix.

Odontoglossum crispum pallidum ; from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Odontoglossum crispum Edgemoor var. ; from A. Hanmer, Esq.

Cattleya Snowdon var. The Queen (Susanne Hye x labiata alba) ;
from P. Smith, Esq.

BOTANICAL CERTIFICATE.
Mormodes pardinum unicolor (1st-class), from A. Francois, Esq.
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.
To Mr. J. Howes, for Lzliocattleya Britannia Regina and Odonto-
glossum grande Leviathan.

Nov.-DEc., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 187

A Gold Medal was awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq., West Point (gr. Mr. J-
Howes), for a magnificent group of autumn-blooming Orchids, several of
them gaining Certificates.

A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to Mrs. Bruce and Miss Wrigley, Bury
(gr. Mr. A. Burns), for a very fine group, in which choice Cypripediums-
were a prominent feature.

Large Silver Medals were awarded to A. Hanmer, Esq., Burbage,
Buxton (gr. Mr. G. Giles), and to Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for
excellent groups.

Silver Medals were awarded to the Rev. J. Crombleholme, Clayton-le-
Moors (gr. Mr. E. Marshall), for a group of choice Cypripediums, and to-
S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. J. Howes), for a finely-grown
plant of Cypripedium Prince. Albert.

Interesting exhibits were sent by Mrs. Gratrix, West Point (gr. Mr. J.
Howes) ; A. Francois, Esq., Doncaster (gr. Mr. D. Pitts) ; P. Smith, Esq..
Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. W. Thompson), and to Messrs. A. J. Keeling
& Sons, Bradford. See above list of awards.

At the meeting held on October 21st, the members of Committee
present were :—R. Ashworth, Esq. (in the chair), Mrs. Slingsby, Messrs
A. Burns, J. C. Cowan, A. Coningsby, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans.
A. Hanmer, J. Howes, A. Keeling, D. McLeod, Dr. Paul, and H. Arthur

(Secretary).
FIRST-CLASS CEFTIFICATES.

Brassocattleya Soprano, Bc. Moonbeam (C. Lido X Bc. Leemaniz),
Be. Iris (Bc. Mary Gratrix x Lc. Ophir); Brassocattlelia Golden Crown
(Bcl. Joan X C. Venus), Cattleya Ceberus (intertexta alba x labiata alba
Harefield Hall), and C. labiata alba Mary Gratrix; from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Cattleya labiata Monsieur Chanchet, and Cattleya Pierre. Francois (C-
Mrs. Pitt x Mantinii) ; from A. Francois, Esq.

Brassocatlelia Eileen (Bc. Monita X Lc. St. Gothard), Leliocattleya
Mita var. Sunset (C. Fabia x Le. Golden Oriole); from A. Hanmer, Esq.

Brassocattleya Lilian (Bc. Veitchii var. Queen Alexandra X C. choco-
ensis alba) ; from Mrs. Gratrix.

Cypripedium niveum var. Debutante; from Mrs. Slingsby.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Brassocattleya Minerva var. Alport Gem, Cattleya Dionysius (Fabia x
Warscewiczii); from S. Gratrix, Esq.

Leliocattleya Nelius, Odontoglossum eximium var. Apollo and Cypri-
pedium Draco Edgemore var; from A. Hanmer, Esq.

Odontoglossum Iphis (Her Majesty X amabile sai from is W-
Horridge.

4&8 THE ORCHID REVIEW. ‘[Nov.-DEc., 1920.

AWARDS OF APPRECIATION (FiRST-cLAss).
Odontoglossum crispum vars. The Prince and Triumph, and O. amabile
ceruleum ; from A. Hanmer, Esq.
Odontoglossum crispum Diadem; from S. Gratrix, Esq.
CULTURAL CERTIFICATES (FIRST-CLASS).
To Mr. J. Howes, for Leliocattleya luminosa sulphurea and Brasso-
¢attleya Oberon. To Mr. A. Burns, for Epidendrum vitellinum autumnale.
A Gold Medal was awarded to S. Gratrix, Esq., West Point (gr. Mr. 1
Howes), for a magnificent group, in which both Cypripediums and choice
“fepresentatives of the Cattleya group were represented in great variety.
A Large Silver Medal was awarded to A. Hanmer, Esq., Burbage,
Buxton (gr. Mr.-G. Giles), for a very fine representative group.

_ Silver Medals were awarded to Mrs. Biuce and Miss Wrigley, Bury
(gr. Mr. A. Burns), and to Capt: Horridge, Bury (gr. Mr. A. Coningsby,
for fine groups, the former including ‘the rare Catasetum Bungerothii, and
the latter Dendrobium Goldiei, another plant now very rarely met with.

Interesting exhibits were sent by Mrs. Gratrix, West Point (gr. Mr. J.
Howes); Mrs. Slingsby, Beverley, East Yorks; A. Francois, Esq., Don-
caster (gr. Mr. D. Pitts) ; ‘and:to- Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford.

ERIODES BARBATA, Rolfe,—Five years ago (O.R., xxiii. p. 327) we gave
the history of an Orchid that Lindley had called both Tainia barbata and
Eria barbata, and showed that it did not belong to either genus. It was
afterwards discovered that a few months earlier it had been separated
under the name ‘of Tainiopsis barbata, Schlechter (Orchis, ix. p. 10, fig. 1).
‘The generic name Tainiopsis, however, had already been used by Hayata
for a Formosum plant (Ic. Pl. Formos. iv. p. 63), originally described and
figured as Tainia unguiculata (i. c., p. 61, fig. 28), but which has more of
the general character of Acanthophippium, and which must, therefore,
bear the name of Tainiopsis unguiculata. Eriodes barbata may be
regarded as most closely allied to Spathoglottis, with a marked difference
in floral structure. The plant is a native of the Khasia Hills, Shillong,
Upper Burma and the Chengmai district of Siam.—R.A.R.

“ HYBRIDS IN NaTurE.—Our gardens abound with hybrid plants.
Although the gardener’s skill originates them, there seems little reason why
they should not occur in nature. . - +. Why should we refer to
hybridity to account for individual changes, especially as the warmest
advocates of natural hybridity rarely get beyond supposition in any case.—
‘T. Meehan.”

The conclusion seems to be that hybrids ought to occur in Nature,
-but that those who think they do so, know very little about it! !—R.A.R.

Nov.-DEc., 1920.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 18
HE remaining meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society for the
current year are November 2nd, 14th, 30th, and December 14th,
when the Orchid Committee will meet at 11.45 a.m. The date of meetings.

in the new year which complete the current session are January 11th
and 25th.

ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. | ices]

The corresponding meetings of the Manchester and North of England:
Orchid Society, at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, are November 4th and
18th, December 2nd and 16th, and January 6th and 2zoth. The Committee
meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection from I to 4 p.m.

A contribution to the Orchidaceous flora of Queensland, by Dr. R. S.
Rogers and C. T. White, F.L.S., has just appeared (Proc. Roy. Soc.
Queensl., XXXil, pp. 117-124), and a reprint has been kindly sent to us by
the authors. A preliminary note states: ‘‘ The present paper is the first of
aseries of contributions to our knowledge of Queensland Orchids, and is
the result of a critical examination of material in the Queensland State
Herbarium. In addition to description of new species and critical notes
the opportunity is taken of recording any locality records that add to our
knowledge of the distribution of any particular species.”’ The present
paper contains descriptions and figures of two novelties, Zeuxine oblonga.
and Z. attenuata, also a figure of Acianthus amplexicaulis, a plant first
referred by Bailey to Microstylis and afterwards to Liparis, though
Acianthus is its true position. We hope to be favoured with later contri-

butions to the series.

A flower of Odontioda Bradshawie, raised by intercrossing two forms of
this hybrid, is sent by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Surrey..
We do not know the character of the parents, but the flower sent has a
very distinct white pattern, indicating a partial reversion to the original
Odontoglossumcrispum. There are others, and probably a good deal of
variition might be observed in such a batch of seedlings.

A spray of Odontioda Lambeauiana (C. Neetzliana x O. Lambeau-
ianum) is sent by Neville Chamberlain, Esq., M.P., Westbourne, Edgbaston,
Birmingham. It is a brilliant form, with scarlet-red sepals and petals, and
traces of yellow markings at the base of the petals, and in front of the crest
ofthe lip. The plant bears a spray of thirty flowers, and the five flowers-
sent are borne by one of the two or three side branches. It was purchased
as Od>ontioda Diana, and was thought to be that until it flowered, but im
that the influence of O. Harryanum can be traced in the spiny teeth of the:

Igo THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Nov.-Dec., 1920.

crest, and perhaps in the suffusion of the scarlet in the sepals and petals
(as in O. Charlesworthii). Some of the white Odontoglossums, particularly
if containing O. Pescatorei, give a distinct pattern in the segments, and if
the parentage has been rightly interpreted, the influence of that species is
present through O. Rolfez, one of the grandparents.

Mr. T. W. Briscoe, gardener to W. R. Lysaght, Esq., Castleford,
Chepstow, has kindly undertaken to do the Calendar of Operations for the
coming year. Mr. Briscoe was for a long time in charge of the Orchids at
Kew, and afterwards of the Orchid Nursery of Messrs. James Veitch & Sons,
Langley, Slough, since acquired by Messrs. Flory & Black, so that he
has a thorough knowledge of both botanical Orchids and of the whole work
of hybridisation.

The Orchid Review completes its twenty-eighth volume with the
arrent issue, and will be continued in_ its existing form for the
time being. With the still increasing cost of printing it is impossible to
return to the monthly issue for the present. Everything connected with
Orchid culture has suffered a serious set-back by the War and its disastrous
aftermath, but there are signs of improvement, and we hope that a return to
more normal conditions will follow. Our thanks are due to a few loyal
friends who have helped us to carry on under very difficult circumstances,
and we shall rely on the kind co-operation of our readers to restore the work
to its original form at the earliest possible moment.

ees ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 2

[Orchids are named and questions answered here us far as possible. Correspondents are
requested tu give the native country or parentage of plants sent. An ADDRESSED postcard must be
sent wf a reply by pos: is desired (abroad, reply postcards should be used). Subjects of special
interest will be dealt with in the body of the work. ] :

C.H.L.—The Coryanthes has now produced a fine inflorescence, but the buds sh rivelled
and fell off before one-third developed, owing to a bad spell of fog. Probably the next will
be more fortunate. ;

L. & H.—Bollea Lalindei, Rchb. f., a plant that we have not seen alive for a long time.
The flower has suffered through mould, and would have travelled better and have been
more examinable if pressed between a few folds of blotting paper. B. ccelestis has a rather
larger flower, and other differences.

H.C.P.—Received with many thanks and forwarded to its destination,
_ Cs— Orchis group cannot be classifted by root characters ; such a course would
include plants which are : y different. Habenaria of the British Floras is a con-
fessedly mixed group, and we believe that both Gymnadenia and Cceloglossum are
sufficiently distinct.

Orchid Grower.—The leaves of Vanda ccerulea are being examined. It looks like the
work of some scale insect, but in the case of a new outbreak the leaves should be sent
without being cleaned. We do not remember to have seen it before.

5

it

INDEX.

AceEras fertilised by flies, 34.

Acianthus amplexicaulis, 189.

“ Adontio Alcantarie,” 99.

Aéridovanda Mundyi, 84.

American National Orchid Society, 63,

80; Conference. (papers read at), 79.

Angrecum album majus, 1

Anguloas,

Aneectochilus regalis, 35; Reinwardtii,
245.25; Roxburghii, 35; setaceus, 34,
35; setaceus var. inornatus, 34.

Aneectogoodyera, 72.

Ancectomaria, 72.

Answers to Correspondents, 32, 64, 96,
128, 160,

Ants and Orchids, 131.

Antwerp Flower Show, 62.

Aphides on Orchids, 34.

Apis muscorum, 168.

Arethusa lutea, 39.

Asarca Commersomi, 39; lutea, 39.

Atmospheric Moisture, 13, 74, 155, 171.

BARKERIA sp.,. 130.

Bedford, Edward J., on British Marsh
Orchids, £3: exhibits British Marsh
Orchids, 66.

Bee SD ictine Bee Orchis,

Bee Orchis, 168; attacked y — 168.

Black, J. M., on menitta unipe 48.

‘Rasion Orchid Show, 78.

Brassavola Digbyana fringe, 31, 323

ybsids,

Brassocatlelia, 35, 64; Alcides, ok
Amber, 178; Bella, 179; Blenh
Orange, 15 itrina, 182 Eileen,
187 ; Golden Crown, 183, 187; Joan,
var. Excelsior, 87 ; Lu ua, 90; Muriel

var. Goldcrest, 185 ; Thyon 20,
sie wo man Fasey’s va 1793

Brassoeatleya, I 3 5; Admiral goo
; Beaumont, 53;

10; Gatton-Lily var. majestica, 533

191

Brassocattleya—

Gatton-Lily var. Triumph, 85; Helen,
54; Hyex, 169; Ida an

180; Olym-

225-53; gis speciosa var. Hon. Mary
Cadogan, 2 2.
Brassolelia ren ape Se Ga.
Brasso-Lzlio-Cattley
beet We oe
Briscoe, T. W.,
British fiybad Orchid, 164.
British Marsh Orchids, 66, 164.
British Natural Hybrids, 2.
Bulbophyllum barbigerum,
romum, 32;
iscapum, 117; penicil
rotate 83; Watsonianum, 84.
Bull’s-horn thorn Acacia, 131.

IZ,

CaLaNnTHE Dominyi,

Calanthes,

Calendar of Gpucations: ¥2, 43, 74, 106,
171.

143; Harrisii, 51.

Caly pirates sp.,

Capsules, saaneaion an 38.

Catasetum Bungerothii, 188 ; Rodigasia-
num 2 ; 2; splendens

Cattleya Sree ta 1775 Adula, 154; -
Am a; 136, 1543

Diana majestica, 149;
Dionysius, 18 Dolorosa, 182;
Dowiana, range of, 129, 130; Eira,

>
ress Frederic ers” war, “Ss 5
Enid alba Fairy Queen, 19; Evelyn
ander, 86; Freya ( Sophrocattleya

Premier, 184; guttata group,

- 192 INDEX.

Cattleya—

Helidor, 150; Hesperus, 148 ; ta
alba, 154; Irene, 115 ; Iris majestica,
9 | .

Ss.
par The ne var., tp Muriel,

Myra), 57; Skinneri, 132; Snowdon,
21; Snowdrop, 61, 118; Snowflake
var. Noel, 1 14; Stuartii virginalis,
The Bride, 69; Tityus (self-
fertilised), 69; ie vars., 69;

Troilus, 182, 183; Van Houtte, 17
Victoria Regina, =3 Wendlandi, 143.

pote a—What constitutes a Species 2”
136.

Cattleyas, 14, 46, 156, 172; and allies,
77, 1073 Albino, 65 ; Albino at Lang-
ley, 69; Blue-tinted, 19, 21, 22.

Ceratina albilabris figured, 133.

Charlesworth, Mr. Joseph, 149; and
albino. Odontogloss ossums, 141; and his
Fungus Cultures, 140; as a hybridist,
141, 142.

vaso and a , Hayward’s Heath

hment,

Charlesworth, Shecloori and Co.,

138.

Chiriqui, Orchids of, 68, views of, 68.
Chlorea, 39; Chmecteaa. me falk-
landica, 36; Gaudichaudii,
Chryscbaphrus Roxburghii, Bis
Cirrhopetalum um miniatum, 117.
Classification of Hybrids, 64, 96, 128.
Cockroaches in Costa Rica, 1 130.
Ceeloglossum viride, 34.
Ceelogyne Convallaria, 94; gattonensis,
575 na, 83; Mayeriana

post,
Cordia ose pe,
Pa ees 531.

Me™
eee eetieromes {1 1 SU nae nid cee ee ae

Cycnoches aureum, 135; chlotfochilon,

33d and 2,135; Diane mepr Sizias

9 of), 2; Leddi O43

pentadoctylon ? , 136; stelliferum, 1503
Warscewiczii, 135.

Cymbidiella Humblotii, 63.
Cymbidium albanense Joicey’s var

25
Alexanderi, 18 ; Alexanderi Ashe
Park var., 82; mabile, 18; Ariel,

var. concolor, 40; Chae 1593
Veitchii var. ‘concolor, 40.

Cymbidiums, 15, 45, 76; from Bristol,
18.

Cynorchis kewensis, 87:

Cypripedium Acteeus Lady Breet
8; Angela, 25; Astarte
= 181; British Lion, ge 2 Brito on,

Charlestecstis 138; Charmion, 24;
Elise, 186; Ellerdale Wren’s var. 19;

Florence Spencer Chardwar var., 82;
3 arepeel 25; Frontline, 182 ; ‘lorita

Haddon House var., 152; insigne
{yellow var.), 21; insigne "Harefield
Hall var. x C. Helen II., 58; Ivan-

hoe, 180; Keelingii, 164; Leeanum
(as a parent), 49; Lord Derby, 135;
macranthum album, 126; Madame
Albert Fevrier, 186; memoria F. M.

Peacock, 23; Peggy, 82; Prince
Albert, 58; Radium, 60; ms
nvi 8; Rossetti Axholme House
var., 184; Royal Oak, 24; Sadie, 58;

ailing 24; ‘siamense, 35

Thias, 22; Tigris, 26; Victor Hugo
var. King John, 25; ‘Virginia, 593
Yadie, 96.

Cypripediums, 14, 45, 76, 107, 157,
432.

INDEX.

Darwin on Epipactis palustris, 34; on
Ophrys, 166, 168.

Daun Petola, 35.

Dendrobium Brymerianum, 84, 85;
cucullatum, 134; Goldiei, 188; pay
Jellicoe, 89; nobile Sir F. W. Moo
ST> nopsis, 174; Pierardii.
£4: fee i
linum, 134;

; P Seated

Frederick Moore, ant i eegescocd
mum, 135; Vanneria m, 573 a
tum 9% 134,254; "Victoria Pies
a

ea vs 95, 568) 374; cece
duous, 14.

Denis, Fernand, Ophrys hybrids, 168.

Dichea, 132; Morrisii, 132; muricata,
132.

Disa Italia, 71, 148.

Disas at Langley, 71.

Dossinimaria, 72.

Dymes exhibits Marsh Orchids, 66.

ENCYCLIA, 175.

Epidendrum, 175; amabile, 18; Bras-
savol “ee 130; faleatum, 130; En
dres ‘a5, - 775. i 29;

umile,
iene, 160; Sanderi, 145; Veitchii,
145.
Epilelia Charlesworthii, 139.

Epipactis latifolia, 995 palustris, 33;
violacea, 99; viridiflora, 99; viridi-
flora var. Secnohila; 99.

Epiphytism, double, 132.

Eria rhynchostyloides, 184.

Eulophia megistophylla, 16.

Eriodes barbata, 188.

Eulophiella Elisabethe, 86 ; twin-flower
of, 62; Rolfei, 141.

Events of 1919, 2

FERTILISATION of Ophrys, 166.
Fertility of hybrids, 136.

193

Flory and Black’s Langley Nursery, 69,
i2-

_ Orchid, 111; Culture of, 111;
n seeds, 93 ; symbiotic, 93:

Generic Hybrids 33 years ago, 72.

Godfery, Col., on Orchids of Hants and
Dorset, 33-

Gymnadenia conopsea, 33; elata? 103 ;
rupestris, 80.

HaBeEnaRiA rhodochila, 120.

Habernari-orchis viridi-maculata, 126,
T64i0-:.

Hardy Orchids, 97, 99, 124.

Helcia sanguinolenta, 55.

Herminium monorchis, 104.

Hexisia bidentata in Panama, 67.

Humming birds and Orchids, 131.

Hybrid genera, 2.

Hybrid Record Book, 38.

Hybridisation, 65, 162; a matter of
rtunity, 98; Mr. Charlesworth’ s

elie Gl 139; methods, 37; pro-
gress in, 2, 65, 66, 165, 1743 pure
cultures, 38: ; records, 38; selection
of parents, 161.

Hybridist’s gy 142.
Hybridity, recognition of, 98.
Hybrids and Awards, 2.

Hybrids at Heaton, 139; at ley,
69; ceaigestion of, 64, 96, 128;
fertility of, 136; generic, 92; in
Nature, 188; natural, 3; non-scien-
tific for, 134; of alternate
egies gi 49; of mixed try,

; ed composition, 140;
161; what does Nature

socouitiy 3s,
do with them? 136.

Insects, bearers of pollinia, 166, 167;
168.

Kew, Orchid Herbarium, 163.

£94

L2LIA ANCEPS,
Gouldiana <4
235; Nemesis, 50; een: oA

Lzelias, ental 173.

¥s.3 Cae Bd
lla,

Leliocattleya, 72; Alborak, 51;
Athene, 22; bellatrix, 22; bletch-
leyesis, 4; Gomhacdinn. 149; But-
leri, 151; Cambria Rosslyn var.,
151; Canary, 178; Carmencita, 151 ;
Chimera, 118; Choletiana, 50;
Denisii, 50; reen, 180; Erica
186; elegans, ; Enchantress

213

ilou ughby,

Schreederze
Schreedere Our
Queen, 59; Thetis, 52; Valda, 20.

Lankester, C. H., Orchids
Rica, 129.

Lepanthes, 130.
Linnean names, 165.
Lissochilus speciosus, 142.

139;

in Costa

Lowiara insignis, 55.

Lumsden, D., Aseptic Cultures, 93.

Lycaste Balliz, 55, 105; Locusta, 117;
schee: nbrunnensis y FOR.

Lycastes, 75.

Macopes Petona, 35.

_ Macomaria, 72.

INDEX.

is paludosa ; in Hampshir re,
gens pulbile of, a 28: propagation
» 27) 28.

Masdevallia astuta, 144; erythrochete,
144; Gaskelliana, 144; gigantea, 58;
pic turata,,

Masdevallias, 131, 158.

Massachusetts Horticultural Society, 78.

Maxillaria Endresii

Maxillarie,

ee:

130.

Megachile sp., 168.

Mendel’s discoveries anticipated, 2.
Mendelian characters, present or absent,

Mendelian problem crystallised, 136.

Microstylis, 129; calophylla, 66;
Scottii, 66.

Miltonia Bleuana, 42, 81; Bleuana ~
Princess Elizabeth, 56; Charles-
worthii, 141; Harwoodii, 140;
var. Excelsior, 146; memoria Crown
ese Margaret, 116; Redbreast,

; Roezlii, 117 ; Schreederiana, 32.

ce 157; Intermediate house
plants, 65.
| Miltonioda eee gn ; Cooperi,
165 ; Harwoodii, 148.

Monotropa coccinea, 130.
Mormodes pardinum unicolor, 187.
Mormolyce lineolata, 55.

Muller, H., on Ophrys, 168.
Myrmecocattleya, 50; spiralis, 50.
Myrmecolelia, 50; tibibrosa, 50.
Myrmecophila, 50.

NAMES, uci correct, 96; Linnean,
165; of a single word, 35; those
names

Neottia Nidus-avis, 33.

Neuwiedia flowering at Kew, 2.

Nomenclature, Brussels Rules, 35) tan2
ifficulties, 135; new nomenclature,
99; new Towel of Babel, 64; of multi-
generic hybrids, 35 ; R.H, S. Rules,
4 systems of, - Vienna Rules, 35>

Novelties, 162.

Panera et 2"

INDEX. 195.
Oxiruary—Daniel Sidney Brown, 7; | Odontoglossum—
‘Joseph Charlesworth, 137; John Harr
’ 3 yanum, 65; Henry VIII., 56
Hartley, 25; A. J. Keeling, 163; Horatio, 53; Hanweuiiaes 37, ty
J. J. Neale, 7; A. A. Peeters, 94; (raised by hand), 2; Hyeanum, 84,
Cecil H. Spencer Perceval, 164. 128; Hymen, 82 ; Iphis, 188; Ithone,

Odontioda Alcantara Ralli’s var., 51;
gli, 118; aurea, gI; Ber eryl,
53; Blue Bird, 146; Bradshawie
(selfed), 189; B. var. Olympus, 55;

Cullinge var. Virginity, 82; Corojasp, :

: 4 num, 95; Penelope, 120; Phillip,
mig - ne re eeidae 86 7 ie 115; Phillipsianum aureum, 20, [21 ;
1153 Gatton Glory, 97, 116; Gladys, | 7oneets 213 President Feats
el ce vs neni tar , Teun 6; Rosii (yellow), 42; Rossii imma-
Ww pene? ee ee ae culatum, 57; rubicans, 10; Sir Harry

ee Court var., 84; Joiceyi, Veitch, 181; St. George, 88; St.

mbeauiana, 1 sirene George var. Aglaon, 116; St a

Perrin, 85; Laura, 153; Livinia, S36 las, 115; St. Peter, 90; 3 ne
Lyra, 57; Nada, 573 Orestes, 118; 54; Saturn, 21; Schlispeviannite 130; :
orphana, 92 ; Pierette, 87 ; Sensation, Scottianum var. Mogul, 73; Soramis
88; Sir Douglas Haig, 89; Vesper, | 10 ; Souvenir de Victor Hye de Crom,
148 ; Vuylstekee, 88; Wansfell, 153. 128: Thetis, 51, 88° ' "Phieraiediie
Fasey’s var., 51; Victory var. Su-

Vic
preme, 146; Violetta, 56; W.
Bissett, 82 ; Wilckeanum var. Thalia,
10; Winifred, 151.

Odontoglossums, 15, 46, 5: 77, 157;

Odontiodas at Hayward’s Heath, 140.

Odenencsium Edwardatum, 42; epi-
h , 83; Nanette, 8, 21; Thwar- |.
tesli, I oe L475

Odonto Glossio Arden Tissimum, 99. °

mpson, 60 ; altum var. Bellone, seeds, 37, 38; shading, 47.
a Amabile var. Goliath, 10; Ancre,
ardentissimum, 64% armain-

Odontonia ee eT, 148; aaa 973
Saiatioee 64; Asion, 22; autumnale, la

99; Dord, 97, 1173 975
Latona, 117; Nydia, 18; Pittice, 41,

| —
Odontoglossum Adula, 87; A. | seedlings, 37; (at Heaton), 139;
| 54, 65; Vulcan, 117.

Odontonias at Hayward’s Heath, 141

queror Fasey’s var., 56; cordatum for warm climates, 65
au . orona

reum, 118; C magnificum, ; ‘
152; crispo-solon, 54; crispo-sol pane idioda a aagrae 140; Cook-
var. Ke , 116; crispum and ans ene

; ; besii, 159; hybridum, 140; incurvo-
virginale Princess Mary, 121; Dia- phorum, 6, 534, Jamesianum, 100 ;
mo: 7; Dircimium, 54; Dorothy Lanceanum, 126; macranthum var.
Arkle, 54; Dusky Queen, 181; nanum, 154; Phalenopsis, 176; Stan-
Eldorado, 148; Emma, 115, 181; leyi, 179.

_ Eugenia, 86; Everest, 84; eximium) Q,-idium, aromatic, 130; new species

allies, 108; c. Doreen, 121; ¢. Joi- “or Oncidium cucullatum, ne 176; For-
|

abia =‘ Frant ou
88; Fletcherianum var. nigrescens, age - a5) 76, 158, 173; natural
149; Gloriana, 178; Glorita, 87; hybrid,

196 INDEX.

Ophrys apifera, 101, 168; arac eke | Orchids—

1or, 104; aranifera, 168; atlantic
168; bombyliflora, 168 ; ‘Botte ican,

oer 123; Scolopax, 123, 168;
ange 166, 167, 168 ; tenthredi-

fert
wetion ee 166, — : fertilising insects,

habitats of, 166, 167; hybridising,
168; hybridity in, Tor; in Algeria
166, 167, 168; mimicry in, 166, 167,
168; rostellum of, ror; Scent in,
167

Orchiceloglossum mixtum, 66, 126, 136,
164.

Orchid Conference i Hoes USA
62; papers read at

Orchid Conferences, net result of, 96.

Orchid, deen (history of), 175;
fungi, : 2 ag al one
at Hayward’s Heath, 140; wing
on an Orchid, 132} fybrihane. a7,

- 93, III; importation, 162.

Orchid i 126; propagation by

flower a 100; rare in Kent, 99; |

dlings, 70; smallest erg ze;
Orchid Research Fund,
Orchid tent at Chelsea, 144.

Orchid. Notes = News, 30, 62, 96,
127 159,

Orchid Review, 174; illustrations, 163.

Orchids, a delightful hobby, 12;
aa Be years ago, 3, I

161;. caged, 127; certificated, 1;
chalk-loving, 102; — 129;

an epiphyti c host, oee ; extinction of,
162; from Chiriqui, 68; from Cooks-
: p

dispersal of, 129; Wider: Oise
for, 156.

Orchis aristata, 98; Br aunil, 112;

“
ye
S
—
a

Ne)
a

104, 116, 125
104, 114, 125, 126, 136; fusca, 104;
Hatagirea, 98 ; hircina, 99, IOI, 104;
incarnata, 33, 98, 125, 126; i. subsp.

104,422) 126, she , 165 (greeter
artoni, 128;

3
var. eae oq;

123; Simia, 102; in Kent, 99, 122,
123; tephrosantha, 102.

Orchis, hairy-leaved, 27; hybridity in,
98; Kilmarnock, 112; seedlings
ve significance of spotted leaves,

topographical forms, 104.

Orchises from West Drayton, 66.

Osmia leiana, male of, 133.

Our Note Book, 1, 65, 97, 161.

INDEX.

Panama Orchids, 68.

Pauwels, M. Theodore, Nursery, 159.

Petola, 35.

Phaiocalanthe, 72.

Phaius grandifolius, 100; propagation
of, 100,

Phaiuses, 45.

Phalenopsis amabilis, 17; grandiflora,

18; latisepala, 110; Micholitzii, 110;
Rimestadiana, 18; "Schilleriana, 100.
Phalenopsis, 159, 173; propagation
by flower spikes, 100.
Phaniasia pulchella, 80.
Pholidota Convallarie, 94.
Platychirus and Aphides, 34.
Platychirus manicatus, 34.
Pleione humilis, 29, 30; (and_ its
varieties), 29; h. var. albata, 30; h
pulchella, 30; h. var. tricolor,
29; Pricei, 84,
Pleurothallide, 130, 131, 132.
143; _ lateritia,

Pleurothallis grandis,
; tuscifolia, 132.

_ Pollination, effects of, 38.

Pollinia removed by fly,

Potting, 107.

Powell, C. W., Notes on a trip to Chiri-
7 a ’

34-

qui, 67.
Pritzel’s Index, 31; new, 128.
Promenea Crawshayana, 5.
Pseudomyrmes, 131.

REICHENBACH on himself, 175.

Reichenbachian Herbarium, 163.

Repotting, 43.

Resting Orchids, 172.

Rhynchostylis ceerulea, 135.

Rolfe, R. A., Nomenclature of Generic |
Hybrids, 72; on Bigeneric Orchid :
Hybrids, 72.

Rolfeara, 2, 10 ;

Ceres, 10, 70, 83.

SAccCOLABIUM miniatum, history of, 28;
m. var. citrinum, 28, 29.
oon so Cecilie, 117; F itzgeraldii,
573 1 57-

= dae carnosa, 34; sp., 168.

Satyria Warscewiczii, 130.
Satyrium giganteum, 142:

197

ee 50; " Choletiana, 50;
umbertii, 50 ; Pujetii,
50; dilaas 50; spiralis, 50.
Schombolelia, 50; Nemesis, 50; tibi-
osa, 50.

Schombonitis, 50; Stella, 50.
Schomburgkia, 50 ; superbiens, 50 ; tibi-
cinis, 50.

Schomburgkia crosses, 50.

Seedlings at Hayward’s Heath, r4o.

Seeds, method of sowing, 38.

Serapias, 133; ambigua, 134;
gera, 133, 134; lingua, 133,
longipetala, 133, 134; lutea, 39.

Serapias and insects, 134; bees sleeping
in flowers, 133; fertilisation of, 133;
hybrids, 133; pollen carried by bees,

133-

cordi-
134;

Serapias x Orchis, 134.
Shading, 44, 75, 106.
Sigmatostalix radicans, 143.

| Smith, Rey. G. E., on “= 168.

Sobralias, 107.

Societies—
Manc — Bee North of England
Orchid, > OG, 320s ESS: aha:

competitions), 122; ; (Prizes to success-
ful competitors), 122; ; Royal Horti-
a hers 19, 51, 82, 114, 246, 177;

iff Show, 147; Chelsea Show,

7, 116; Nomenclature C tee,

128; Orchid Committee, 128 ; Orchid

Show at Cardiff, 127; Report of
Council, 31.

| Sophrocatlelia, 35; Axholme, 186;

Beta, 119; Camden, 182; Cherub,

lia, ; Dido,

36; Gem, 36; Hebe, 3 is
Majesty, 83, 86; Irene, 36; Iris, 36;
Isabella, 53; Juno, 85; Laura, 148;
Lotus, 36; Mario

r
netta, 593 a 56; Ruboris, 525
Urania, 36.

‘Sophrocatlelias, 35.

198 INDEX.

Sophrocattleya, 72; Atalanta, 178;
Dorea, 70; Entre-Rios, 88; Lowel-
lie, 85; Ramilles, 10; Santa Fé, 54;
Venus, 20

Sophrolelia Stella, 50.

Sophro-Lelio-Cattleya, 35 ; Diana, 36;
Eriata, 36; Falcon, 36; Gem, 36;
Marion, 36; Peridot, 36; Robinetta,
36; rubens, 36.

Sophronitis grandiflora, 77; recross-
ing with, 64; no S. grandifiora re-
SS,
Sophronitis crosses, 63; hybrids at
Langley, 70; secondary hybrids, 63.

Spathoglottis zebrina, 19.
Spiranthis estivalis, 33.
Stamopsis Marriottiana, 88.
Stelis, 130.

Stoking, 44. .

Symbiosis in Orchids, 131.

TeLtrpogon, 40; Biolleyi?, 131.

Tainia unguiculata, 188.

Tainiopsis barbata, 188; unguiculata,
188.

Temperatures, 43; by sun heat, 48;
winter, 171.

Thunias, 44.

ULMUs mexicana, 131.

Vanpa ceerulea, 170, 182; (albinos of),
170; (habitat of), 170; (treatment of),
170; coerulea Charlesworthii, 170; c.
var. King of the Blues, 182; teres,

Vandas, 68, 109, 159.

Vanillas of Commerce, 135.

Veitch, Sir Harry J. Veitch, Belgian
Honour for, 56.

Ventilation, 13, 44, 74, 106, 155, 172.

Ventilating Orchid houses in early
pring, 47-

Nay ERCkeare Brewii, 141, 148 ;

Jos 1

moria
eph Glisteeeh. 180; Mrs. Pitt,
aes

Wak, aftermath of, 174.
Warscewicz at Chiriqui, 68.
Warscewicz’s localities, 68.

Wasps, Queen in Roller Blinds, 48.
Watering, 13, 43, 74, 155, 171.

ZEUXINE attenuata, 189; oblonga, 189.
Zygocolax, 72.
Zygopetalums, 16.

ae be

————

Le LIST. OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Brassocattleya Hyee . . . 169 | Odontoglossum Scottianum var.
Charlesworth, Joseph, the late . 137 Mogul 73
Cypripedium Nesta ; gD 9 Wilckeanum var.
Epidendrum Endresii_. ; » 345 halia +g
Lycaste Balliz ; : : . tos | Odontonia Pitie . : ; ean
‘Miltonia: Blenana ~ .: 8x | Oncidium Phalenopsis .. 96
Odontoglossum altum var. Bellone g | Orchis latifolio-maculata oes 354

3. amabile var. Phalenopsis amabilis . es

Goliath 9 Vanda ceerulea var. Charlesw ottbii
ee rubicans eae 9 Frontispiece.

R, W. SIMPSON & CO., LTD., PRINTERS, RICHMOND, LONDON

be Saag ee Fetaoprcn cueenici 9 = >=
care eae Eee