Subscriptions for 1898 are now due.

Vor. VI.] JANUARY, 1808. [No. 61

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ORCHID REVIEW:

Bn 3llustrated Monthly Fournal,

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Contents.
PAGE PAGE
: Calanthe x .Harrisii ... ze 16 : James Bateman on ae ve 10
@ Calendar of Operations for shane 21 ) William Grey Bee oe
Cockroaches, destruction of ... Rene 8 | Oncidium tigrinum baie ae ee
Correspondence, &c. ... : | Oncidium variccsum insigne ... oe
Cypripedium insigne Gacdew (Fig, i) Orchid Portraits athe ee 1. tee
Dies Orchidianze th , ty. 3 os Orchid Stand, improved an eee tS
». Fog, effect on Orchids oa ... 20|Orchids at the Royal Horticultural
f _ Hybridist : a 5 | Society i oe ae
kis cattleya - * iieihdiondecesd a 5 | Orchids of Topical Africa
Odonteglossum x Adrianz : 5 | Paphiopedium seed and the time to
Manchester and North of England sow it : eo = bes 6
Orchid Society “8 sig oe: wo gy Specimen Orchids an Jet re
Manuring of Orchids ... 2 “. YS} Varieties a We EN es
Notes... eet or ni 1| Zygopetalum crossed with Odonto-
Obituary iat oa bus to} glossum af oe sis i ee

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lic. bot.Garden
1906

“The Burman books tell us (says Dr. Mason) that the trees round
King Wathandria’s hermitage were covered with Orchids, and that
Vi

whoever that worthy potentate may have bes)
must either have been in great favour with the Nats, supposing, as is
highly probable, that they placed the Orchids ‘there for his special
delectation ; or, if he were his own collector, he certainly displayed very
good taste, and an early appreciation of ‘the beautiful’ in Nature ;
for, assuredly, out abe all Flora’s choice and bounteous store, nothing
could have been drawn more worthy of royal regard. It is with Orchids
still that the wealthy ae the a love to surround themselves in
countries where these lovely flowers are strange and exotic; and this
at a cost which would pel have astonished good King vce ela
and which, in the aggregate, is worth a king’s ransom.”—PARIS

eric: ORCHID REVIEW.

VoL. VI.] JANUARY, 1808. [No. 61.

NOTES.

THE Royal Horticultural Society will hold its first meeting tor the
year, at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on January 11th,
when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock, noon.

The first meeting of the year of the Manchester and North of England
Orchid Society is fixed for January 13th, at the Coal Exchange, Market
Place, Manchester. The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are
open to inspection from one to four o’clock. We are requested to call
attention to the following special notice :-—

Members are requested to observe the following Rules:

1.—All exhibits submitted for adjudication must be duly entered on the
‘““ DECLARATION ForM”’ (See Rule 14) at the Hon. Secretary’s
table, and STAGED NOT LATER THAN II.30 a.m., otherwise the
plants cannot be acknowledged.

%,

2.—No Exuipir may be removed from the tables until 4 p.m.

3.—Members are required to state PARENTAGE OF ALL HYBRID ORCHIDS
submitted for adjudication when and wherever possible, other-
wise they are liable to disqualification.

A fine flower of the beautiful Lycaste Skinneri alba is sent from the
collection of Richard Ashworth, Esq., of _Newchurch, Manchester, by
Mr. Pidsley, the colour being of the purest white, with the exception
of a little pale yellow on the disc of the lip.

Lelia autumnalis atrotubens is a very richly coloured form of the

2 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

species, of which a good flower has been sent from the collection of
H. Brittan Evans, Esq., of Clifton, Bristol. Its brilliant colour renders
it one of the most beautiful of autumn-flowering forms.

Flowers of two distinct forms of Cypripedium x Allanianum are sent
by Mr. W. B. Latham, of the Birmingham Botanical Gardens, one being
very richly coloured. The hybrid was first raised by Messrs. Pitcher and
Manda, from C. Spicerianum ¢ and C. Curtisii ¢, and was described
at page 22 of our second volume. The present forms were raised by
Mr. Latham.

A distinct and pretty form of Lelia anceps is sent from the collection
of F. M. Burton, Esq., Highfield, Gainsborough, in which the front lobe
of the lip is rather narrow and of a very deep maroon-purple. The
sepals and petals are light rose-pink. It is accompanied by a good
example of the typical form.

Lelia anceps rosea is a beautiful light rose-pink variety, of which a
flower has been sent from the collection of J. Bradshaw, Esq., The
Grange, Southgate. The varieties Hilliana and blanda are very nearly
allied.

Respecting the seedling ‘‘Thunias” mentioned at page 298 of our
last volume, Mr. Appleton writes that he has never had a grain of seed
of that genus, and suspects the seedlings belong toa cross ‘‘ Zygopetalum
maxillare X Mackayi” which he made; time, however, will prove, 41
only affords an illustration of the well-known difficulty of distinguishing
some of these plants in their infantile stages.

Cypripedium callosum Rossianum is a variety with unusually long
narrow petals, from the collection of H. J. Ross, Esq., of Florence,
which was described at page 64 of our second volume. The same form
has appeared in the collection of Mrs. Hollond, Wonham, Bampton,
Devon. It is very distinct from the typical form, but appears to be
only a variety of it.

An unusually fine form of Odontoglossum x mulus is sent from the
collection of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, by Mr. Stevens.
It bears the name O. x cuspidatum magnificum, and presumably agrees
with a variety recently certificated under this name. O. X cuspidatum,
however, is only a small flowered form of O. xX mulus, in which the
characters of O. gloriosum are most apparent, while in the present one, as

in the original O. x mulus, the influence of O, luteopurpureum
preponderates,

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 3

Dendrobium aureum cinnamomeum is a distinct and pretty variety of
this handsome winter-flowering Dendrobium, which is characterised by
having the sepals and petals suffused with copper-colour or light cinnamon.
It has appeared in the collection of F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-
Mersey, among recently imported plants, and is now flowering for the first
time.

DIES ORCHIDIAN/.

‘DEAR ARGuUS,—A Happy New Year to you, from one of your readers, and
many of them. Goon ard prosper. Continue to encourage the good and
denounce the bad; to point out the paths which make for progress in the
culture of our favourites, and generally continue the enlightened policy
which has made the Orchid Review a power in the land. Those five
completed volumes occupy an honoured place on our shelves. May the
work flourish still more abundantly in the future, and enlist the support of
all lovers of these beautiful plants, which it so richly deserves.”

It is very kind of my correspondent, and I reciprocate his amiable
sentiments, but don’t give me all the credit for those five volumes. I have
done a little, it is true, and am glad to find that my efforts meet with
approval. As to the future, I hope still to contribute my share, and shall
be glad of the support of all my readers, many of whom could communicate
valuable facts which come within the range of their observation. Send
them along, and not make the mistake of supposing them of no importance,
or valuable information may be lost. The Review has been very well
supported in this direction during the past year, and I hope to see it
increasingly so in the future.

In this connection I may allude to the remarkable specimen of Cattleya
x Hardyana, figured as the frontispiece to the last volume. It is extremely
rare to find such vigorous root action in an Orchid, yet that is one of the
great secrets of success, and as the treatment adopted has been recorded,
I hope to see other specimens of the kind in future. The photograph
supplies a splendid object-lesson.

It also throws an interesting side light on the old question of manure
for Orchids, which has again come so prominently to the front. Orchids
must have food of some kind, call it manure or what you will, and
Mr. Hamilton, at page 359, brings forward scme interesting evidence on
the subject. But admitting, for the sake of argument, that manure in

4 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

some shape or form is essential, how is it to be given to such a plant, seeing
that nearly all its roots are in the air? Clearly it must be either in the
water supplied or in the air, and yet we have no evidence of the former.
The fact that the roots are in the air implies that they obtain their food
there, and depend upon it there is some connection between aerial roots
and aerial manures. As to manure water, Mr. Hamilton remarks :—‘‘ I
have proved again and again that one handful of guano in a 150-gallon
tank improves Dendrobes, Cattleyas, Lelias, Coelogynes, and—who would
think it ?—Odontoglossums even.” And why not ?

That Cattleya x Imperator question (page 365) affords some interesting
food for reflection. ‘It has hitherto only been named in the vernacular,”
Mr. Rolfe observes, “‘and the name now proposed conserves the orignal
idea as nearly as possible, consistent with the requirements of botanical
nomenclature.’ It was originally named Cattleya x Le Czar, but we on
this side the water, of course, promptly changed it to Cattleya x The
Czar. I suppose the Germans when they come to deal with it will dub it
Cattleya x Der Czar, and the Russians—surely they have an interest in
it—must also be allowed to use the vernacular, even if ‘‘ Czar’ must be
changed into “Tsar.” And when we have had enough of this sort of
thing, somebody will ask again—‘ Shall we ever have a universal language ?”’
It would appear that the vernacular is not in accordance with the
requirements of botanical nomenclature, and, therefore, that the law of
priority does not apply. At least this is all I can make of it at present,
but I shall watch future developments with interest.

The foregoing opens up another interesting little question. Some years
ago the Royal Horticultural Society were so dissatisfied with the methods
of naming plants then in vogue that they appointed a Nomenclature
Committee, who, after mature deliberation, made certain recommendations,
which were adopted by the Society and printed amongst its reports. One
of these rules was that hybrids between distinct species should be named in
Latin, and there was a further recommendation that their names should
conform to the laws of botanical nomenclature. It is notorious that these
recommendations have been ignored, and the result in the case of the
hybrids between Cypripedium barbatum and bellatulum I have alluded to
on more than one occasion, claiming that the proper name of this hybrid
is C. X Richmanii. The moral is obvious.

: ARGUS,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 5

THE HYBRIDIST.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X WEEDONIENSIS
ANOTHER interesting hybrid has flowered in the collection of T. W.
Thornton, Esq., Brockhall, Weedon, of which a flower has been received,
with the record “raised from Cattleya violacea X Lelia purpurata, now
flowering for the first time with two flowers; crossed May 2nd, 1887, sown
March r4th, 1888.’ Cattleya violacea is presumably C. Loddigesii, and
the present hybrid, so far as we can find, is an addition to the list. It is
fairly intermediate in character between its parents, and somewhat
approaches L.-c. x Tresederiana (C. Loddigesii x Lelia crispa) in general
character. The flower is white, with some deep purple in front of the
somewhat three-lobed lip. The plant has obviously not yet reached its
normal development.
ODONTOGLOSSUM X ADRIAN#.

A very interesting and pretty like hybrid, raised by Messrs. Linden,
between O. crispum and O. Hunnewellianum, the former presumably
the seed parent. It flowered at Moortebeek, and received a First-class
Diploma of Honour at a meeting of the Orchideenne on April 11th,
1897. According to a figure in Lindenia (t. 590), it is quite intermediate
between the parents. The flowers are white, densely spotted all over
with brown, and margined with light yellow on the sepals and petals.
Most of the spots on the lip, especially those round the margin, are
minute. It is dedicated to Madame P. Gloner (mee Adrienne Linden).

ORCHIDS OF TROPICAL AFRICA.

AN additional part of the Flora of Tropical Africa has just appeared,
containing an account of the Orchids of that region, or rather the
greater part.of them, the remainder being left over for a future part.
The work was interrupted in 1877, on completion of the third volume,
but is now being continued, the Petaloid Monocotyledons being taken
first. The Orchids are elaborated by Mr. R. A. Rolfe, and the part now
issued carries the work to the beginning of the tribe Ophrydew. Those
completed are, Epidendree, g genera and 80 species, Vandez, 10 genera
and 353 species, and Neottiee, 10 genera and 29 species, while Ophrydee,
with 16 genera, stands over for a future part. Thus 46 genera occur
in Tropical Africa, and in a note which appeared elsewhere the aggregate
number of species was estimated at fully 700, showing that the group
forms a much more important element in the Flora than was formerly
supposed. Epiphytic species are far less numerous than in Tropical
America and Asia, but are represented by a proportion of about one-

6 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

third, for we find 74 species enumerated under Polystachya, 48 under
Angrecum, 52 under Listrostachys, 19 under Mystacidium, 41 under
Bulbophyllum, and 20 under Megaclinium, beside a few others. Of the
genera at present treated, Lissochilus heads the list with a total of 83
species, while 65 are credited to the closely allied Eulophia, two or three
of them being epiphytic.

Two new genera are described, Ancistrochilus and Podandria, the latter
allied to Habenaria, but remarkable for its long-stalked anther, and the
former based on Pachystoma Thompsonianum, a plant well known in
cultivation, of which it is remarked :—‘ A curious little monotype, originally
referred to the Asiatic genus Pachystoma by Reichenbach, with which,
as pointed out in the Botanical Magazine (t. 6471), it neither accords in
floral character nor in the structure of the pollinia. It belongs to the
same group, but is readily distinguished by the pollinia being united to
a single stipitate appendage, as well as by the remarkable lip and spreading
segments.” Its name is now A. Thomsonianus. Many new species also
appear for the first time, over twenty of them in Eulophia. The species
are for the most part very local, very few being common to East and
West Africa, and still fewer reaching South Africa or the Mascarene
Islands. One species, however, forms a marked exception to this rule,
namely Epipogum nutans, a leafless saprophyte, which is found at Ambas
Bay in the Cameroons, also in North and South India, Ceylon, Java, and
Australia. The presence of two species of the northern genus Epipactis,
one in Somaliland and another on Mt. Ruwenzori, is also interesting.

Showy species suitable for cultivation are rare, and comprise chiefly
the Ansellias, the remarkable Lissochilus giganteus and a few others of
the genus, and a few species of the Angrzecum group, but others appear
in botanical collections, as certain species of Megaclinium, Polystachya, the
_ remarkable Bulbophyllum barbigerum, and others.

The work contains complete descriptions, with keys to the genera
and species, references and synonymy, and full geographical distribution,
and forms an important addition to our knowledge of the group, especially
as the information had not previously been brought together.

PAPHIOPEDIUM SEED AND THE TIME TO SOW IT.

I HAVE heard it suggested and even asserted by Orchid hybridisers that
when a seed pod happens to become ripe in late autumn, or in the winter,
it is better to put it on one side, carefully labelled, and to defer the sowing
until the early spring. To this I have replied in my own mind: How to
they know? They cannot yet have had sufficient time or experience do
make their opinion of any practical value.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. .

Now, this same idea has come to me in the form of a question. A
correspondent writes asking me whether it would be wise to sow some seed
(Paphiopedium ¢ X Cypripedium ¢) now, or wait until February or
March, when the spring-time is at hand. Before answering his letter, I
took out particulars of all operations successfully conducted in my houses,
of which the subjoined table is a copy :—

Table showing the number of successful sowings of Paphiopedium seed,
sown during the months specified, in the years 1892 to 1897 inclusive.

January ... ... 72 s0wings ... 26 batches of seedlings.
February ... ner ee a Soaon - -
march ©; eo 5 5 ‘5 ”
April 19 a 3 5 ”
May I4 af I ’ ”
June 10 ” I , ”
July 13 ; ) ;

August 31 ; 3 ‘5
September 33 ‘i 4 yi ,
October 44 = 9 .
November awe ae Z 17 5 -
December rn i jee ay ‘5 ”

All these crosses have been effected by my gardener, Mr. Thomas J.
Poyntz, with very few exceptions, in my presence, and a most careful
record has been kept. In giving these columns of figures, I leave it to
anyone sufficiently interested to form a conclusion as to the percentage of
success and failure, a task by no means so easy as would appear at first
sight. The question arises: At what date should a sowing be written off as
a failure? The very last find I had was two seedlings on the 16th Decem-—
ber, 1897, the .seed having been sown as far back as the 7th December,
1895, and I have a record of still longer intervals between the sowing of the
seed and the appearance of seedlings. Personally, I never cross off any
sowing as a failure until the plant on which the seed has been sown has
been re-potted.

From past experience, I confidently anticipate a fair amount of success
from the sowings of 1897, while those of 1896 may reasonably be expected
to produce a few more batches of seedlings. The number of successes in
1896 in my collection, referring only to Paphiopedium seedlings, numbered
30, and in 1897 they numbered 33.

If the proportion appears small, it should be remembered that I have
been very persistent in trying crosses over and over again that have refused
to show any good result. Among others that may be named under this

8 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

head are Paphiopedium niveum, P. Godefroye, P. x vexillarium superbum,
and numerous young hybrids, probably too young to do duty of this nature.
I do not mean that I have had no success with the above, for I have
seedlings coming on in which all three of them have taken part respectively.

As these statistics cover a period of six years, and every instance of
seedlings resulting is therein recorded, they may be worthy of attention.
A glance at the table goes to show that the winter months are absolutely
the best and the summer months the worst in which to sow Paphiopedium
seed. Granted that more pods ripen during the winter than in summer, and
hence more seed is sown, I think it will be conceded that no good object is
_ likely to be gained in postponing the sowing of the seed to brighter weather.
It should be distinctly understood that these remarks apply to

Paphiopedium seed only, and not to Dendrobium, Cattleya, or Leelia seed,

which may possibly benefit by more sunlight. On these I do not venture
an opinion, as I have had little or no experience.
Sefton Park, REGINALD YOUNG.
Liverpool.

DESTRUCTION OF COCKROACHES.

A CORRESPONDENT has sent us specimens of a large brown cockroach
which has proved very destructive to Orchids, with request for information
as to the best means of exterminating them. A certain method of
capturing them is to get some smooth jars, and put a little strong-
smelling brown treacle at the bottom, standing the same close to the
wall or other object behind which they hide in the daytime. The treacle
acts as a powerful attraction to the insects, which being unable to retain
their foothold on the smooth sides, fall in and are drowned. It is a most
effective trap, and if persevered in long enough, should suffice to exterminate
them, except in places where a fresh supply is kept up from an outside
source, and even in the latter case it keeps their numbers down very effectually.
They are easily caught before reaching the mature stage, and in this
lies the hope of effecting something like a permanent cure. One, however,
must be constantly on the alert, as they are so frequently re-introduced
in the packing materials, and may do much damage before they are
discovered. The treacle may be thinned with a little water, and the insects
captured should be removed every morning. Our correspondent, to whom
the above information was sent, replies that he has already captured a
number of the pests, which are most troublesome in the warmer houses.
Beetle poison may also be used, but can hardly be more effective. We
shall be glad to hear of the experiences of others who may have been
troubled with these voracious pests.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 9

VARIETIES.

No question with which we have to deal is of such general interest, and at
the same time so difficult, as that of naming and distinguishing the
varieties of the different Orchids which we cultivate. Several of our most
popular species exhibit a surprising amount of variation as compared with
others, and while it constitutes one of their chief charms, it is also a source
of perplexity. As we do not care to grow essentially different things under
the same name, we adopt the practice of giving varietal names to distinguish
them, and here it is that the difficulty comes in. In the case of species,
the botanical system of properly recording them and describing their
characters prevents confusion arising to a very great extent, though it is
not altogether absent, but in the case of varieties it is very different. Some
of the latter, of course, are properly described, and a certain amount of care
is taken not to introduce confusion by re-describing old ones, but with
many others this is not the case. In fact, the names of multitudes of
varieties are on record which it is impossible to identify, owing to the absence
of all description. And proper care is not always taken before naming
them to see that they are really distinct. The result is that the
nomenclature of varieties is in a state of hopeless confusion, and,
unfortunately, we see no immediate hope of improvement. On the
contrary, the confusion seems to be growing worse almost every day, for
Reports of the different Shows often contain names of new varieties without
any description of their character, and how it is possible to identify the
plants afterwards is beyond our power to imagine. It may be suggested
that this is the fault of the reporter, though, apart from want of time, it is
difficult to say how many of them are to be distinguished, were he to
attempt it. For example: we recently found a well-known variety, of
which all existing pieces are subdivisions of one original plant, exhibited
under its correct name but with an addition, which, not to identify it too
closely, we will call Mr. Blank Blank’s variety. The plant already had a
varietal name, and the addition of another, which added four words and
no less than eighteen letters to the name, was altogether unnecessary, and —
worse than useless when the origin of the plant is considered. It may be
urged that this was an exceptional example, but there are plenty of others
very little better. We have repeatedly omitted names of this kind, as, of
course, in the case just mentioned, but occasionally such plants receive an
award, and the name is recorded, though the award is not always a
‘guarantee of its distinctness. Naming varieties of some of our popular
garden Orchids is now a most difficult matter, and as we do not wish it to
become impossible, we hope that steps will be taken, both by example and
precept, to check this rapidly growing evil. Let those who would make

10 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

new varieties first make sure of their novelty and distinctness; next, let
them choose a suitable name; and, lastly, let them always put their
characters on record.-

OBITUARY.

THE death of Mr. James Bateman, M.A., F.R.S., which took place at his
residence, Spring Bank, Victoria Road, Worthing, removes probably the
oldest Orchidist among us, and thus severs a remarkable link with the past.
Not only had Mr. Bateman reached the mature age of 86, but his active
connection with Orchids dates back to a period of nearly seventy years
ago, and for many years he was a great enthusiast and one of the leading
cultivators of the day. He also despatched an expedition in search of
them, published the biggest book yet devoted to them, and wrote and
lectured about them. Such a career deserves more than a brief notice.

His first connection with Orchids is thus described by Mr. Bateman
with his own pen :—‘‘I was devoted to Orchids long before I knew what
an Orchid was, indeed, the word itself was quite strange to me when I
heard my mother apply it to a beautiful plant with spotted leaves and
speckled flowers which I had gathered in a country lane and regarded with
great admiration. ‘That,’ she said, ‘is an Orchis (O.muscula).’ I must
have been then about eight years old, but I was more than eighteen when,
the scene being shifted to Oxford, I steppedinto a nursery situated where
Keble College now stands and kept by the veteran Fairburn, who had been
gardener to Prince Leopold and Sir Joseph Banks. This sealed my fate!
Presently Mr. Fairburn drew my attention to a curious plant with leathery
leaves and several stout roots feeling their way amongst a number of small
pieces of wood to which it was expected they would become permanently
attached. ‘Here,’ he said, ‘is a piece of the famous Chinese air plant
(Renanthera coccinea) which flowered under my care when gardener to H.R.H.
Prince Leopold, at Bushey Park; would you like to see a drawing of it?’
“As you please.’ It was certainly a vision of beauty that Mr. Fairburn,
opening a volume of the Botanical Magazine, t. 2997-2998—showed me, for
here was a perfect portrait of the Chinese air plant, full size and correctly
coloured. Of course I fell in love at first sight, and as Mr. F. only asked
a guinea for his plant (high prices were not yet in vogue) it soon changed
hands and travelled with me to Knypersley, when the Christmas holidays
began. I had caught my Orchid, but how to treat it I knew not” (Veitch
Man. Orch., x., p. 130). This, as Messrs. Veitch remark, was the beginning
of the collection afterwards formed by Mr. Bateman at Knypersley Hall,
in Cheshire. And, by the way, this nucleus of the collection brought
further trouble upon young Bateman, then a gentleman commoner at

THE ORCHID REVIEW. it

Magdalen College, Oxford, for, doting too long on the charms of
Renanthera, he stayed out beyond the prescribed period, and incurred the
wrath of the Vice-President of the College—no less a person than Dr.
Daubeny, who afterwards became Professor of Botany at the University—
~ and for a punishment was commanded to write, not a compulsory eulogium
in the choicest Greek iambics of the syren Renanthera, but to copy out
half the Psalms (Gard. Chron., 1897, xxli., p. 400).

In 1833, with his father’s permission, Mr. Bateman sent the late
Mr. Colley to British Guiana, to collect Orchids and other plants, and
in 1835 he contributed a very interesting account of the expedition,
based on Mr. Colley’s report, to Loudon’s Gardener's Magazine (p. 1.),
from which we learn that Colley left Liverpool on December 24th, 1833,
and arrived at Georgetown, Demerara, on February 20th, 1834, finding
the Colony suffering severely from drought, scarcely a flower being seen,
and most of the pseudobulbs having lost their leaves; but with the
compensating advantage that they travelled like Dutch bulbs. About
sixty different kinds reaching home alive, of which a third were new to
European collections. One of these was Batemania Colleyi, in which
Dr. Lindley commemorated both the collector and his employer.

Some interesting details were given, including a graphic account of
the “struggle for life” and ‘‘ vegetable retribution.” Most of the Orchids
were described as very local, except Catasetum tridentatum and Stanhopea
grandiflora, which were found in every part of Demerara. In 1894,
nearly sixty years afterwards, Mr. Bateman’s remembrances of. this
expedition were given to Mr. James O’Brien in a letter, which has now
appeared in the Gardeners’ Chronicle (Dec. 11th, p. 410), and we venture
to repeat it, as giving ‘‘a glimpse of the enthusiast as he was in his
declining days, but still retaining his fine intellect, and that pleasing
way of putting things which formed a great feature in his lectures at
the Royal Horticultural Society.”

“It has been a great pleasure to me to revive memories of my first
experience in Orchid importing. I sent (with my father’s permission) a man
of the name of Colley to collect Orchids in Demerara. He was under the
protection of the two great Liverpool merchants, Moss and Horsfall, on
whom he was authorised to draw to the extent of £200 or £300. Colley
did his best, and found abundance of Orchids, 7.e., of Catasetums and yellow-
flowered Oncidiums, which then were not worth their freight. The only
new plant worthy of cultivation was a species of Rodriguezia or Burling-
tonia, with large white flowers, which flowered beautifully and then died.
There is a beautiful white Catasetum in the Demerara woods, but Colley
was not fortunate enough to meet with it, indeed, it has not been found
until a very recent period. All this reads like a very poor speculation, but

3 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

that was not the case. You have heard, no doubt, of Oncidium
Lanceanum, which Lance discovered in Surinam a year or two before
Colley went to Demerara. He (Lance) only sent over two or three
plants to England, which made Orchid collectors mad. It had never been
found in Demerara, but Colley stumbled upon a solitary tree (about five
days’ sail up the Demerara river) covered from head to foot with this
Oncidium. He immediately set to work and stripped the tree, determined
not to give any others the chance! . . . Anyhow, it retrieved the
fortunes of my expedition, for when a large, healthy cargo was known to
have arrived, everyone (save the fortunate holders of Mr. Lance’s specimens)
were prepared to go down on their knees for a bit, offering their greatest
treasures in exchange. In this way (without any money passing) I became
possessed of bits of all the then-known species which I cared to have. But
for this unexpected find, my expedition would have been a total loss and
bitter vexation. We did not then know that good Orchids are, as a rule,
very rarely met with on the beautiful tidal tropical rivers, but must be
sought on the nearest mountains, at an elevation of 3,000 to 6,000 feet.”

In March, 1834, Mr. Bateman wrote to Mr. G. Ure Skinner, a merchant,
trading with Guatemala, whom he had heard of through the specimens of
birds and insects presented to the Natural History Museum, at Manchester.
Mr. Skinner promptly responded, and in ‘less than ten years all the finest
Orchids of Guatemala were in cultivation in British gardens, most of which
flowered for the first time in Mr. Bateman’s stove at Knypersley”’ (Vettch
Man. Orch., x., p. 131). ‘* Never shall I forget my delight,” said Mr.
Bateman, in an address delivered before the Royal Horticultural Society, in
February, 1867, ‘“‘on opening the first box of Orchids he sent me, all
carefully packed and in the best possible condition. Though gathered at
random, every plant was new. Masses of Epidendrum Skinneri (the first
to flower, and thence named after him), divers other Epidendra, Oncidium
Cavendishianum, O. leucochilum, and Odontoglossum bictoniense, the first
Odontoglot that ever reached England alive.”

The effect of this stimulus is seen in Mr. Bateman’s great work, The
Orchidacee of Mexico and Guatemala, an elephant folio of forty plates,
commenced in 1837 and completed six years later, of which only 125
copies were published. The plants are depicted life-size, and are
accompanied by suitable descriptions and cultural hints, also “ little scraps
of gossip,’ as they have been described, “ literary, scientific, archzological,
or ethnological gossip, as the case may be, but, in any case, noteworthy for
its elegance and piquancy of style, and for the singularly felicitous choice of
classical quotations.” The introductory portion is also unique in many
respects, and the treatise on culture remarkable, considering the period at
which it was written. The descriptions were accompanied with humorous

THE ORCHID REVIEW. : 13

sketches and tailpieces, one of which, by George Cruikshank, represents the
opening of a box supposed to contain Orchids, from which issue a pair of
gigantic cockroaches, who had been fattening on the contents, and who
now made off as fast as possible, in spite of the united efforts of the
gardener’s family and assistants, who tumble over each other in their
frantic endeavours to deal death to the marauders with any tool or missile
that came handy. Cruikshank also contributed a sketch depicting the
reception of the book, in which pulleys and ropes were required to lift it, a
not inappropriate illustration, seeing that it is probably the biggest
botanical work ever published. The last plate represents what was one of
the excitements in the Orchid world’at the time, namely, the production of
two totally different kinds of flower on the same plant of Cycnoches
Egertonianum, which it is needless to mention further, having been given
in detail in our second volume (pp. 233-236).

The volume of the Botanical Magazine for 1837 was dedicated to Mr.
Bateman by Sir William Hooker, in the following words:—‘‘To James
Bateman, Esq., of Knypersley Hall, Cheshire, author of the magnificent
Orchidacee of Mexico and Guatemala—a work of which it is hard to say
whether the beauty of the subjects represented, the execution of the figures,
or the taste and judgment displayed in the typographical department is
most to be admired—the present volume is dedicated, with sentiments of
high regard and esteem by his obedient friend and servant, W. J. Hooker.”

Mr. Bateman contributed the descriptions of various Orchids to the
work just mentioned, where they appear with the initials “J.B.”

In 1862 he commenced, in the Gardener’s Chronicle, a remarkable series
of twelve papers, under the title ‘‘ Dies Orchidiane,” by Serapias. The last
appeared in 1864, and it is needless to say that they are full of interesting
matter.

About this period Mr. Bateman came to reside at Kensington, and took
a great interest in the work of the Royal Horticultural Society, ‘‘in whose
cause he has spared neither time, labour, nor expense. At the time of his
removal from Staffordshire, he gave proof of his attachment to the Society
by presenting it with a portion of his collection of Orchids, which forms one
of the most attractive features in the western approach to the Society’s .
garden” (Gard. Chron., 1871, p. 1515). For some years he was in the habit
of giving short “ lecturets”’ at the Society’s meetings, in which he succeeded
in conveying ‘‘a great deal of valuable and interesting information in a
pleasant gossiping style.” In 1864 he also gave a Lecture on “Cool Orchid
growing ”’ before the Society (see Gard. Chron., 1864, p. 483), and in the
same year he published a small Guide to Cool Orchid Growing, containing an
alphabetical list of genera and species. He also twice offered a Gold Medal,
open to all comers, at home or abroad, to be awarded to the grower and

14 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

exhibitor who, in two successive years, should gain the highest number of
marks. Mr. Veitch was the winner on the first occasion, and Mr. James
Anderson on the second.

About this time Mr. Bateman commenced his Monograph of Odonto-
glossum, which was completed in 1874, and was dedicated to the Princess of
Wales. It contains 30 beautiful plates, with an introductory essay, in which
the early struggles of Cool Orchid growing is graphically depicted, the
author describing how for years Orchid growers persisted in the “ incredible
folly of growing Cool Orchids in hot stoves,’’ which resulted in their culture
being regarded as hopeless.

Mr. Bateman had a strange antipathy to hybrids, and some of our readers
doubtless remember his characteristic speech on the subject at the Orchid
Conference at South Kensington in 1885, and how Mr. Veitch soon after-
wards dedicated to him the beautiful Sophrocattleya x Batemaniana.
This aversion he never entirely overcame, for almost on the last occasion
when the writer had the pleasure of seeing him he, pointing to a beautiful
Cypripedium venustum, remarked ‘‘ the hybridists are spoiling these plants.”
When the present work was commenced he wrote, ‘‘ I never had a more
agreeable Xmas greeting than the announcement of the Orchid Review, which
I heartily hope may flourish in your hands,” but the “ History of Orchid
Hybridisation ” proved a thorny subject to him, for a little over a year
later he wrote “‘ I am not interested in hybrids.”

In 1885 he was awarded one of the Veitch Memorial Medals, and the
presentation was made at the Royal Horticultural Society’s meeting on
June 11th by Sir Trevor Lawrence, who alluded to the recipient’s work in
eulogistic terms. Mr. Bateman was interested in other plants besides
Orchids but these are outside our special province. He has been well
described as “‘ one of the most remarkable men in the horticultural world
which the century has seen,” and although he has not appeared much in
public of late years he retained his interest in his favourites to the last.

WILLIAM GREY, gardener to the late Hon. Erastus Corning, of Albany,
N.Y., U.S.A., passed away after a long illness of dropsy of the heart on
November 25th last. _ Deceased was born in Greenlaw, Scotland, on
February 12th, 1828. He went to America in 1851, and after holding several
important positions engaged as superintendent to Mr. Corning, where he
remained until his death, nearly forty years, surviving his employer less
than three months. The Corning collection was at one time the finest in
the United States, embracing 2,300 species and varieties and many fine
hybrids, part of which were raised on the grounds,

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THE ORCHID REVIEW. 15

AN IMPROVED ORCHID STAND.

In the November issue of the Review, page 339, you describe “ An
Improved Orchid Stand,” which appears to be a very good device, and
although I have not seen the stand myself, still I am confident that
something of the kind you describe would be much better than the
inverted pot which is so often used.

Amongst my plants there is a Cypripedium which had been placed
with its pot upon another inverted pot and the latter placed upon a
damp shelf and so left for a long time without being moved. One day
when examining the plants on this shelf, it was found that the inverted
pot was entirely filled with a light cobweb-like fungus, and further
examination showed that the fungus had gone through the hole of the
inverted pot, through that of the pot in which the plant grew, and had
well filled up the drainge portion of the latter and attacked the roots
of the plant.

A prompt shaking out of the pot and a thorough washing of the
roots and leaves saved the plant, but it had been damaged somewhat,
and took some time to recover.

Inasmuch as this was a fine Cypripedium insigne Chantinii, and
the plant being now in flower, the value of such a stand as you describe
was impressed upon me.

Chicago. F. J. Le Moyne.

MANURE FOR ORCHIDS.

THE subject of Manure for Orchids has interested me for many years, and
the results of my systematic and long continued practice of supplying
ammonia to the atmosphere of all my Orchid-houses has brought about
most beneficial and striking results, in the shape of beautiful green leaves,
and the increased vigour of the plants.

Twice in each week a mixture of soot and lime, in a liquid form, is
poured on the cinder-covered stages of the Orchid-houses, in quantity pro-
portionate to the cubic capacity of each house, namely, one gallon to each
thousand cubic feet. Over the cindered stages the Orchids stand on
wooden lattices, and the ammonia vapour circulates among the leaves and
roots of the plants and permeates the whole house, and causes a faint smell
of ammonia to be perceptible, Care must be taken that too much of the
soot and lime is not put down, or harm may be caused to the leaves of the
plants. No damage can possibly happen if no more than one gallon of the
liquid be used for each cubic feet of air space. The best time for putting
down the ammonia liquid is in the evening, just after the stages and floors

16 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

have been damped, as it would be foolish to pour down the liquid and then
wash it away, or dilute it by adding water to it. Care must also be taken
to close all the ventilators to prevent the escape of the vapour.

It may perhaps be useful if I now give the proportionate quantities of
the ingredients which produce the amoniacal liquid, and: the method of
preparing it. Eighteen gallons of water are placed in a tub, and to this
quantity of water is added three gallons of soot and one gallon of fallen
lime, and the mixture is then well stirred up and allowed to stand, covered
with a cloth, until it is required for use, which is usually in about three or
four days’ time. When used the mixture is well stirred up, and no attempt
is made to use the clear liquid only.

Before closing this letter I will give one instance, among very many,
which proves the almost immediate effect of the ammoniacal vapour on the
colouration ‘of the leaves of Orchids. About September 30th of the present
year I purchased a plant of Cypripedium Rothschildianum giganteum, and
added it to my collection. When it arrived its leaves were of an unhealthy
yellow colour, and the plant looked weakly and out of health, but after
only eight weeks’ treatment a most remarkable change has taken place, for
the yellow colour has gradually disappeared, and its leaves have become a
beautiful and healthy green, which colour will gradually grow darker and
darker until it approaches the normal tint which a really healthy Orchid
ought to have. In conclusion, I may explain that I now grow Cypripedes
alone, but I have found this ammoniacal treatment just as efficacious with
the other sections of the Orchid family.

Bridge Hall, O. O. WRIGLEY.

mary. 2)

CALANTHE x HARRISII.

WE have received the eight-flowered inflorescence of the beautiful white
Calanthe xX Harrisii from the collection of J. T. Bennett-Poé, Esq.,
Holmewood, Cheshunt, to which a First-class Certificate was given by the
Royal Horticultural Society, on December 14th last. It is a hybrid raised,
we believe, by the late Dr. Harris, of Lamberhurst, Kent, from C. vestita
Turneri ? and C. X Veitchii ¢, and thus may be considered as a white
variety of C. X Sedenii. In shape it is fairly intermediate between the two
parents, but the colour is white, with a faint trace of light yellow in the
throat. It is a very beautiful thing, and the raceme has evidently not yet
_ nearly reached its maximum development. Messrs. James Veitch and Sons
have also one of the plants, which received an Award of Merit at the
R. H. S. meeting on December roth, 1895.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 17

SPECIMEN ORCHIDS.
On several occasions we have given illustrations of specimen Orchids 1n our
pages, and our readers will doubtless like to have a portrait of the beautiful

plant of Cypripedium insigne Sanderz from the collection of G. Shorlani

or

Ball, Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow, to which four different awards were recently

given. It obtained both a First-class and a Cultural Certificate from the

Fig 1. CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE SANDER.

Manchester and North of England Orchid Society on November 4th, a
Cultural Commendation from the Royal Horticultural Society on November
gth, and the Gold Medal of the Royal Botanical and Horticultural Society of
Manchester on November 16th. The photograph, kindly sent by Mr. Ball,

18 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

was taken by Dr. Hodgkinson, The Grange, Wilmslow, and the accompany-
ing illustration is an exact presentment in black and white, on a reduced
scale, of the plant as it appeared at the meetings in question. It is not
necessary to report the history of the variety, which was given at page 41
of our second volume, together with a portrait of a single flower, but it
may be added that Mr. Ball’s plant, which has been in his possession six
years, is a subdivision of the original one. Several other yellow forms of
Cypripedium insigne have since appeared among different importations,
and have received varietal names, but whether all would prove distinct
from each other if grown side by side is doubtful. None, however, so far
as we know, has yet rivalled the original form.

It seems superfluous to add that it affords an excellent example of good
culture, for its sturdy, robust habit shows the care which has been bestowed
upon it, and both Mr. Ball and his gardener, Mr. Hay, must be congratu-
lated on their success. It is pleasing to see the increasing attention paid to
the production of specimen Orchids—not necessarily of gigantic proportions,
but sturdy, well-grown examples, vigorous enough to show the variety at
its best. Such plants are not built up in one season, and nothing affords a
better test of the cultivator’s skill. It has more than once been remarked
that even insignificant Orchids become attractive if grown in masses, and we
have seen evidence of this on numerous occasions.

ONCIDIUM TIGRINUM LUGENS.

A very distinct and striking variety of Oncidium tigrindm has flowered with
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, in which the sepals and
petals are of a uniform tint of deep red-brown, inclining to black, the
minute tips alone being yellow, and the dorsal keels green. It contrasts
very effectively with the bright yellow lip, in a way, indeed, which is not
seen in the typical form, and as it has all the good qualities of that in
addition, it should be highly prized. It has appeared once before, in the
collection of Dr. Duke, The Glen, Lewisham, in 1886, when it was
described by Reichenbach (Gard. Chron., 1886, xxvi., p. 553), but
whether that plant is still in existence we cannot say. The other extreme
of variation is seen in the variety albens (Rchb. f., l.c., 1876, vi., p- 772),
“‘ whose single decoration,” according to Reichenbach, ‘‘is the anther,
while all the other usually yellow parts are changed to a white colour, with
a very light ochroleucous hue.” It appeared in the collection of W. H.
Michael, Esq., Cholmeley Park, Highgate.
Ru As: K.

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THE ORCHID REVIEW. 19

ZYGOPETALUM CROSSED WITH ODONTOGLOSSUM.

AT the Royal Horticultural Society’s meeting on December 15th, 1896,
Messrs. Heath & Son, of Cheltenham, exhibited ‘a hybrid seedling
obtained by crossing Zygopetalum Mackayi with the pollen of Odontoglossum,
which resembled the mother plant with the exception that the lip was slightly
wavy and pure white, with some slight purple marks at the base and
centre ”’ (supra, v., p. 32).. Plants have recently passed into the collection
of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, and three spikes are now
sent by Mr. Stevens. On examining these flowers, we fail to find any
characters that can be clearly traced to the Odontoglossum parentage, but
if all three have the same origin, it is quite clear that some modifying
agency has been at work. One seedling is much like Z. intermedium
(which, by the way, often does duty as Z. Mackayi in collections, and which
in the present case we strongly suspect was the seed parent), but the other
two are markedly different, having a narrower, wavy, white lip, with rows of
elongated spots on the nerves, except at the margin. The first-named is
strongly striped with purple right to the margin. We should like to see
flowers from the actual plant which produced the seed, for there is some-
thing mysterious in this so-called hybrid, which has previously behaved in
the same way with Messrs. Veitch, as has several times been mentioned in
our pages. The presumption is that it is a case of hybridity where the
Zygopetalum parent obtains such a preponderating influence as to almost
obliterate all trace of the Odontoglossum. But if this is the case, the
hybrid should be again crossed with the Odontoglossum, to see whether ~
some of the Zygopetalum influence cannot be eliminated. This experiment
_ would be well worth following up. Again, Zygopetalum has been used as
the seed parent, but we would suggest that the cross should be reversed.
If anything like a similar result could be obtained by making Odontoglossum
the seed bearer, the evidence would be conclusive. A suggestion formerly
made, that the pollen of the Odontoglossum might in some way stimulate
the development of the ovules without fertilisation being effected, is rather
disproved by the evidence now to hand, for this would be a case of
parthenogenesis, or budding of the ovules, and it is known that plants
obtained by vegetative reproduction do not vary. The decorative value of
this useful old Orchid is too well known to require mention, but the
interest attached to the solution of this curious problem is such that we
hope to see further experiments carried out. The Zygopetalum might be
crossed with several different genera, and the crosses reversed, when the
result could not fail to be interesting.

£6 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

THE EFFECT OF FOG ON ORCHIDS.

Focs are usually more or less prevalent in low-lying districts during the
winter months, and in the neighbourhood of London and some of our
large manufacturing towns these are so heavily charged with smoke and
deleterious gases as to do great damage to plant life. The present winter
has been quite exceptional for the amount of fog—at all events in the
London district—and recalls the disastrous winter of six years ago, when
so much damage was done to all tender plants. Orchids, as is well known,
are frequently much injured by the fog demon, but all are not equally
affected in the same way, and some notes which have been taken on the
subject will probably prove interesting to readers of the Orchid Review.

A bad spell of fog was experienced in October, when Cattleya labiata
and Cypripedium insigne were in bloom, the bad effects of which were
quickly visible, especially on the flowers, but the buds were also affected,
and in a short time a brilliant display of bloom was completely destroyed.
Phalenopsis Esmeralda, too, suffered in both buds and flowers, but the
flowers only of Vanda Kimballiana and V. coerulea were affected. The
behaviour of the latter was curious, as the beautiful blue colour quickly
became white, though the flowers afterwards remained fresh for nearly a
fortnight.

The effect of three days of almost continuous yellow fog in December
was even more disastrous, and the mischief was apparent on the second
day. Both flowers and buds of Calanthe x Veitchii, Dendrobium
Phalenopsis and bigibbum, Oncidium pubes and O. Krameri, Cynorchis
Lowii, Lelia anceps and L. autumnalis, and Gongora tricolor, either.
shrivelled or turned yellow and dropped off. The following ten kinds were
badly injured or destroyed in the bud state :—Phalenopsis amabilis,
Stuartiana and tetraspis, Lycaste Skinneri, Odontoglossum pulchellum,
Catasetum longifolium, macrocarpum, uncatum, and discolor, and Lelia
peduncularis.

Those of which the flowers were chiefly affected include the following :—
Angraecum sesquipedale, Sophronitis violacea, Oncidium crispum,
Dendrobium Findlayanum and x chrysodiscus, Epidendrum Wallisii and
ciliare, Masdevallia ignea, triangularis, and melanopus, Brassavola
grandiflora and cucullata, Trichopilia sanguinolenta, and Cirrhopetalum
ornatissimum.

After this catalogue of disasters it will be interesting to note the kinds
which were not visibly affected by the fog. These included Odontoglossum
crispum, Rossii, maculatum, and Krameri, Dendrobium bractescens,
moniliforme, Mooreanum, and x Cassiope, Oncidium pulvinatum and O.
unguiculatum, Sophronitis grandiflora, Zygopetalum intermedium and X

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 21

Clayi, Phalenopsis denticulata, Cypripedium concolor, virens, X Sallieri,
X Swanianum, and X Fitchianum, Platyclinis uncata and cucumerina,
Angraecum pellucidum, and Eulophia virens.

It is curious to note that while Sophronitis violacea and Angrecum
sesquipedale were destroyed, their respective allies Sophronitis grandiflora
and Angrecum pellucidum were not perceptibly injured, and the same
thing may be seen in the genera Dendrobium, Oncidium, Phalznopsis,
and Odontoglossum. Differences in the texture of the flowers may partly
account for this, but this is not all the reason, as a comparison of the flowers
will show.

As regards treatment during these fogs it should be noted that
precautions were taken to prevent the fog from entering the houses by
keeping the ventilators perfectly closed and only using the doors which do
not open directly into the open air, so that the fog could only gain an
entrance between the laps of the glass. The atmosphere was also kept
rather on the dry side, but in spite of all this the effects were disastrous,
and, apart from the flowers, the effect on the plants themselves, though not
so obvious, must have been considerable. Remedial treatment seems of
little avail during a bad spell of London fog, though all possible precautions
should be taken in the interests of the plants. It is heart-rending to witness
such wholesale destruction, and we have heard it remarked that it is useless
to grow Calanthes and some other winter-blooming Orchids within the
fog area.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JANUARY.

ALTHOUGH still in the middle of the winter season, the gradually lengthening
days, and the signs of renewed activity, will soon remind us that a new
year has commenced for our favourites, and urge us to lose no time in
making all necessary preparations for the busy season which will soon be
upon us. If the supply of potting materials, or of receptacles in which the
plants are grown, is at all low, fresh supplies should be got in, so that
potting operations can be attended to in earnest when the proper season
arrives. A little foresight at this period will prevent many vexatious delays
hereafter, and nothing is more detrimental to the well-being of the plants
than operations of this kind being delayed beyond the proper season.

The winter treatment must still be continued, so far as temperatures and
watering are concerned, but advantage should be taken of any spell of mild
weather to increase the amount of ventilation, and during sunshine let the
temperature rise a few degrees above that of dull days when fire-heat alone
has to be relied on. The following temperatures should be maintained as
nearly as circumstances will permit :—

22 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Coot Housre.—Day, 50° to 55°, with sun, 60°; night, 50°; morning,
45° to 50°.

INTERMEDIATE HousEe.—Day, 58° to 63°, with sun, 66°; night, 56° to
58°; morning, 53° to 56°.

CATTLEYA AND MExIcAN HousE.—Day, 60° to 65°, with sun, 68°;
night, 58° to 60°; morning, 55° to 58°.

East-INpIAN Housre.—Day, 65° to 70°, with sun, 75°; night, 65°;
morning, 60° to 65°.

These figures should be maintained as nearly as possible, but due regard
should be taken of the fluctuations of the temperature outside. If the
weather be cold do not attempt to reach the higher temperatures by
excessive firing, which would do more harm than allowing them to recede
a degree or two, and during a spell of severe weather the fire-heat may be
economised by letting the blinds down at night, or laying mats or other
coverings on the glass. These, however, should be removed in the day
time, as it is important that the plants should receive all the light possible
at this dull season.

Ventilate as freely as possible during mild weather, but chiefly by means
of the bottom ventilators, for a stagnant atmosphere is detrimental to the
health of the plants. Do not let the atmosphere become dry, but damp the
paths and walls once or twice a day, according to the amount of fire-heat
used. Watering operations must still be carried on with caution, and much
the same as last month. Keep a sharp look-out for insects, for cleanliness
is of the highest importance, and a little extra attention in this direction
will save much labour hereafter when time is more valuable. A sharp watch
should be kept for slugs, and if signs of them are apparent some lettuce
or cabbage leaves should be laid down and examined carefully every
morning. A little cotton-wool placed round the base of a flower spike will
often preserve it from these marauders. Cockroaches, too, should be kept
down at all costs, for it is useless to attempt to grow Orchids in a house
infested with these pests, which devour young roots, flower spikes, and
almost anything else without mercy.

In the Cool house many things are at rest; the principal work will be to
give due attention to watering and keeping the atmosphere in a healthy
condition. Those plants which are commencing to grow should be kept
rather moister than before, and any that are making active growth, such as
Ada aurantica, will benefit by rather more liberal treatment. <A_ few
Odontoglossums are now in bloom, and may be kept slightly drier than
those beginning to grow. Masdevallias must be very carefully watered. A
few kinds are in bloom, of which the beautiful M. tovarensis is the best, and
its pure white flowers are invaluable at this season. ie

_ In the Intermediate house will be found various Cypripediums, and

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 23

those of the winter-blooming kinds which are passing out of flower
may be looked over to see if they require repotting, which operation
may be safely taken in hand soon after the flowers are cut. The best
time for this, as’ for nearly all Orchids, is just when they begin to
grow, as the new roots then immediately take possession of the compost.
The pots should be well drained, and extra care should be taken in
watering for a time, though they must not be allowed to remain dry
for long. Lycastes should be kept rather dry at present, with the
exception of those throwing up their flowers, as L. Skinneri. Several
of them will repay any attention bestowed on them, as they are very
effective when grown well. Miltonia vexillaria is in a state of active
growth, and should be well looked after, as upon this its successful
flowering hereafter depends. A damp, ill-ventilated atmosphere and
fluctuations of temperature should be guarded against, and care should
be taken not to over-water the plants. Keep a sharp look out for
thrips, which soon work much mischief, and if their presence is detected
give a slight fumigation with Richards’ XL.All. | Odontoglossum
citrosmum should be kept very dry until the flower spikes begin to
show themselves, when a good watering may be given. Other occupants
of this house must be treated in accordance with their condition,
growing or resting, the former requiring rather more water than the
latter. No attempt should be made to hurry on those which are
resting, for a period of rest and recuperation is beneficial, and they
will start with increased vigour when their proper season arrives.

Most of the occupants of the Cattleya house are at rest, and should
be very sparingly watered, but a few are either growing or pushing
up their flower spikes, and should be placed in the warmest and lightest
positions in the house, and receive slightly more water. Among those
now growing are Cattleya Warneri and intermedia, together with Lelia
crispa and purpurata, while Cattleya Triane and Percivaliana are
maturing their buds. Lelia anceps and any others in bloom should be
kept moderately dry, which helps to preserve their flowers. Ccelogyne
cristata thrives well at the cool end of this house, and will soon be
producing its charming flowers. Care should be taken not to wet
them, as they are very liable to become spotty if this is not guarded
against. It is one of the most beautiful Orchids we have.

In the East Indian house there is more to be done, for many things
are showing renewed activity. The Dendrobiums are now in every
stage of flower-production, some being already out and others rapidly
pushing on their buds. Do not attempt to force them on, or the
flowers will be deficient in quality. A succession may be ensured by
bringing them on in batches. If early flowers are required some of

24 . THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the plants should be encouraged to grow and rest early. The supplies
of water should be slightly increased as the buds begin to push.
D. Phalzenopsis being over should receive a good rest before growth
recommences. Species of Aérides, Saccolabium, and allied genera
which require top-dressing with sphagnum moss may now receive
attention, commencing with those which are beginning to grow. Care
must be used in watering for some time to come, and the majority
should be kept on the dry side for the present. Due attention should
be given to keeping the atmosphere in a healthy condition by properly
regulating the temperatures and the amount of ventilation and damping
down. And, generally, one should strive to have everything in as
forward a condition as possible, so that when the season of active
growth arrives we may be able to utilise it to the fullest extent.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND
ORCHID SOCIETY,

THE meeting of this Society on November 25th was again a very good
one, and no less than fifty-three plants were separately brought before the
Committee for adjudication. Most ot these plants showed considerable
merit, and three succeeded in obtaining First-Class Certificates.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), showed
Cypripedium X Minos, C. insigne Dorothy, and Cattleya x Victoria-
Regina, all of which obtained Awards of Merit, also a cut bloom of
Cypripedium insigne Sandere.

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., West Point, Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod),
showed Lycaste Skinneri Mr. F. L. Ames, Cypripedium x Allanianum, C.
x Ceres,and C. X nitens superbum, all of which obtained Awards of
Merit ; also C. insigne Sanderianum and Odontoglossum Xx Gratrixianum
(Hallii X elegans), both of which received First-class Certificates.

W. A. Gent, Esq., Brooklands, showed Angraecum sesquipedale, for
which he was awarded a Cultural Certificate.

A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse),
showed a hybrid Cypripedium derived from C. ‘superbiens X niveum, in
reality a form of C. X Georgeanum. The flower is in form and colouring
quite what one would expect from the parentage, and is one of the best
niveum crosses we have seen. It was awarded a First-Class Certificate.

_ Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed
Cypripedium x Minos, C. X Leeanum giganteum, C. insigne superbum,
C. X nitens Lucianianum, and Cattleya labiata picta, all of which received

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 25

Awards of Merit. Cypripedium Xx Swinburnei and Cattleya labiata
Eugenie were also exhibited.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed
Cypripedium insigne Dorothy and C. xX Leeanum giganteum, both of
which obtained Awards of Merit. He also sent C. X Niobe magnificum
and a very effective group of C. insigne, with examples of most of the types.

J. Leemann, Esq., West Bank House, Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge),
showed a very pretty form of Cypripedium insigne (Award of Merit),
a fine well flowered plant of C.i. punctatum-violaceum (Award of Merit),
C. X Ashburtonz (Award of Merit), C. x A. expansum, C. X gigas, C. X
Leeanum, and Cattleya labiata Rose Leemann.

Edwin Stanley Clark, Esq., Oak Alyn, Wrexham (gr. Mr. Edwards),
showed Cypripedium insigne Cecilia, C. i. Stuartiana, and other Cypri-
pediums; also Odontoglossum Rossii majus, which latter obtained a
Cultural Certificate.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, showed Cypripedium
x Pollettianum (A. M.), C. xX Ceres (A. M.), C. X tessellatum porphyreum,
a form of C. X Godseffianum called Jupiter, Miltonia Warscewiczii, and
Oncidium cheirophorum.

Messrs. Linden & Co., Brussels, showed Cypripedium X Beckmanii,
a distinct and beautiful hybrid stated to be a cross between C. Boxallii
superbum and C. bellatulum. It however shows very little trace of the
pollen parent. The flower was not quite expanded and it was therefore
impossible to tell whether the dorsal sepal would keep flat or reflex after
the habit of Boxallii. The petals are very broad, especially towards the
extremities, and are of a very dark purple colour, shading to a lighter tint
at the base. It received an Award of Merit. The same firm also showed
C insigne Luciani, which also obtained an Award of Merit.

Mr. James Anderson, Wallace Avenue, showed Oncidium Forbesii
splendidissimum (Award of Merit), Dendrobium X euosmum roseum,
Cypripedium X Arthurianum and C. X Leeanum.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, staged a very good group of Orchids and
was awarded a Silver Medal.

The last meeting of the year was held on December 16th, 1897, at the
Manchester Coal Exchange, when there was quite a large gathering of
Orchidists, and the meeting was in every way most successful. Fifteen
members of the Committee were present, and fifty-two plants were sub-
mitted, in addition to groups. Five First-class Certificates, sixteen Awards
of Merit, and two Cultural Certificates were awarded.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), showed
a magnificent plant of Lelia Gouldiana with some fifty of its beautiful
flowers fully expanded. It was awarded both a First-class and a Cultural

26 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Certificate. He also showed Lelia autumnalis alba, but the flowers were
much smaller than we have seen in this variety, and it obtained an Award
of Merit only.

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Hay), showed a
very fine plant of Cypripedium insigne Sanderze with three flowers
expanded, and a good plant of C. i. Sanderianum, both of which received
First-class Certificates. The same exhibitor also showed a very beautiful
seedling, called C. X Mrs. Maynard, derived from C. X nitens magnificum
crossed with C. X Leeanum. The dorsal sepal is of about the size and
form of C. X Leeanum giganteum with emerald green radiations for nearly
half-an-inch from the base, the rest pure white with dark maroon spots.
The pouch and petals are very similar to C. xX nitens. With these
exhibits were also a dozen cut blooms of the best forms of C. insigne, in-
cluding Sandere, Sanderianum, aureum, punctato-violaceum, Chantinii
superbum, albens, giganteum, Balliz, and Ernestii. These were arranged
amongst the fronds of a maidenhair fern, and looked very effective.

John Leemann, Esq., West Bank House, Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge),
showed Cattleya Triane Fleur de Paradis (Award of Merit), C. labiata,
C. Triane albens, Cypripedium X Lathamianum, C. x Pitcherianum, C. X
nitens, C. hirsutissimum, Oncidium tigrinum, and Dendrobium superbum.
_ G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., New Hall Hey, Rawtenstall (gr. Mr.
Shill), showed Cypripedium x Cravenianum, a very pretty seedling with
bellatulum as one of the parents, which received a First-class Certificate.
The same exhibitor also showed C. xX Leeanum giganteum (Award of
Merit), and a good cut bloom of C. insigne called Harefield Hall variety, ’
but we must confess we fail to see any difference between this and the
Uplands variety.

E. J. Sidebotham. Esq., Erlesdene, Bowdon (gr. Mr. Shiner), staged
Sophronitis grandiflora, excellent in colour, but we have seen larger flowers
(Award of Merit).

Henry Greenwood, Esq., Highfield, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Spurr),

showed a very pretty seedling Cypripedium x Antigone (niveum X
Lawrenceanum), which received an Award of Merit, but the plant appears
to be blooming for the first time, and the flower was not at its best. He
also showed Dendrobium x Kenneth (Maccarthiae x Bensonz), which
received an Award of Merit, and Lelia albida.
_. Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson),
showed Cypripedium X Statterianum (Award of Merit), C. insigne
Johnsonianum, somewhat after the style of Sanderianum but exhibiting the
slightest indications of spotting at the base of the dorsal sepal, and also in
the white margin at the top (Award of Merit), C. x Leeanum, Stand Hall
variety (Award of Merit), C. x Ariadne and C. insigne marmoratum.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. | 27

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed
Cypripedium insigne Uplands variety (First-class Certificate), C. X
Leeanum perfectum and C. X Crossianum superbum.

H. Worthington, Esq., Abbey Lawn, Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Went),
showed Lelia anceps alba, to which an Award ot Merit was given. This is
a pure white form of this beautiful species, but the flowers are rather
wanting in size.

W. H. Almond, Esq., Blackburn, showed a very well-grown specimen
of Oncidium tigrinum, to which a Cultural Certificate was awarded.

W. A. Gent, Esq., Brooklands, showed Cypripedium X Lathamianum.

W. Bolton, Esq., Wilderspool (gr. Mr. Cain), showed Cattleya labiata,
C. Gaskelliana, C. Trianz albens, Lelio-cattleya x Aurora, and Odonto-
glossum Pescatorei.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St, Albans, showed a very fine plant of
Odontoglossum X cuspidatum magnificum with an immense spike of
flowers. It received an Award of Merit, but we think no one could have
complained if it had received higher honours. They also showed Leelio-
cattleya X Gottoiana (Award of Merit), Odontoglossum crispum Pink
Beauty (Award of Merit), and O. X Wattianum.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Upper Clapton, showed Cypripedium xX
Minos magnificum.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed Cypripedium X Leeanum
splendens, and C. X Leeanum giganteum (Award of Merit). This exhibitor
also staged a very fine group of miscellaneous Orchids, which received a
Vote of Thanks.

Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham, showed Lzlia tenebrosa Thompsoni,
which obtained an Award of Merit.

Mr. William Owen, Hartford and Greenbank Nurseries, Northwich,
staged a good group of Cypripedium insigne, in which most of the
ordinary motanum forms were represented. A Vote of Thanks was awarded.

ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM VAR. INSIGNE.

A very striking Oncidium has recently appeared in several collections,
with much of the general character of the old O. varicosum, but differing
in having a very large deep red-brown irregular blotch surrounding the crest.
The small sepals and petals are also of a still darker shade, imparting to the
flower quite a distinctive aspect, in spite of the general agreement in
shape and other details. I have seen flowers successively from the Royal
Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, the collection of H. Druce, Esq., St. John’s

28 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Wood, and from Mr. Wm. Brooks, Whitecross Nurseries, Weston-super-
Mare, all of which agree in the characters above-named, so that it is
evidently not a mere casual variation, and deserves a distinguishing name
as above proposed.

R. A. ROLFE.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THE display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on
November 23rd, was again a very good one, and included several interesting
novelties. :

The Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury, Birmingham
(gr. Mr. Smith), sent a small group of fine things, to which a Silver Banksian
Medal was given. It included a well-grown example of Leelio-cattleya X
Clive, L.-c. x Gottoiana, L.-c. x albanensis, L.-c. xX Vedastii var.
corbeillensis, a form of L.-c. x Tiresias called Ophelia, and Cattleya xX
Miss Williams.

Baron Sir Henry Schréder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine),
received an Award of Merit for Odontoglossum Dayanum, a species allied
to O. prestans, having cream-white flowers spotted with cinnamon-brown,
and said to have been named by Reichenbach.

W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., West Hill, Hessle, near Hull (gr. Mr. Baker),
received an Award of Merit for Cattleya labiata White Queen, a beautiful
white variety with a faint trace of pink on the lip.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. Chapman),
showed Cypripedium x Saron (C. niveum X (?) venustum Measuresianum),
a hybrid with white flowers tinged with emerald green and densely spotted
with purple, and the rare Cirrhopetalum refractum, in which the flowers are
borne ina raceme. A Botanical Certificate was awarded to the latter.

The Hon. P. Allsopp, Battenhall Mount, Worcester (gr. Mr. Fox), sent
a good plant of a peculiar form of Cypripedium insigne, in which the spots
of the dorsal sepal were absent.

Philip Crowley, Esq., Waddon House, Croydon (gr. Mr. Harris), showed
a good Cattleya labiata and C. 1. rosea, the latter with brilliantly-coloured

W. H. Lumsden, Esq., Balmedie, Aberdeen (gr. Mr. Roberts), sent
some good forms of Cypripedium insigne, including one with clear yellow

Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Chapman), sent cut

oe ee

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 29

flowers, including Cypripedium xX Leeanum, C. insigne, Zygopetalum
crinitum, and Odontoglossum X Andersonianum.

Mr. W. B. Latham, Botanical Gardens, Edgbaston, Birmingham,
exhibited Cypripedium xX Deedmanianum (C. Spicerianum ? X Cham-
berlainianum, an interesting hybrid, having the dorsal sepal white with a
green base, a purple median line, and some purple spots on either side ; the

petals yellow tinged with purple, and the lip purplish with a yellow margin.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, exhibited a choice group, to
which a Silver Flora Medal was awarded. It contained the beautiful Lzlio-
cattleya X Statteriana, L.-c. x Pallas, L.-c. x. Decia, L.-c. Tiresias, L.-c. <
Semiramis, Cattleya x Mantinii, Zygopetalum Mackayi, Epidendrum
Wallisii, Cypripedium X Alonzo (C. Spicerianum xX C. X Arthurianum
pulchellum), a pretty thing somewhat resembling C. Leeanum, but more
marked with purple on the dorsal sepal, C. x Actens, fine forms of C. X
Leeanum, including C. X L. Prospero, C. X Euryades, C. X Roberti, C.
X Pheres, C. x Io grande, C. X Niobe, &c. The two following hybrids each
received Awards of Merit :—Cattleya x Empress Frederick var. Leonata
(Mossie 2 X Dowiana 3), a beautiful form, with rose-coloured sepals and
petals, not white as in the original, and Lelia x Olivia (crispa 2? X
xanthina ¢ ), a pretty light yellow flower, with the front of the lip light rose
and somewhat veined, and a tinge of the same colour on the petals.

Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Upper Clapton, also received a Silver
Flora Medal for a very effective group, containing a number of good Cattleya
labiata, with Vanda ccerulea in the centre, and good examples of Cypri-
pedium X Leeanum, C. X cenanthum superbum, C. X enfieldense, C. X
Sallieri Hyeanum, C. X conco-Lawre, C. Prewettii, a lilac-coloured form of
Cattleya Bowringiana, Odontoglossum crispum, Oncidium Forbesii, and O.
pretextum.

Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, staged a group of choice
Orchids, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was awarded. It contained the
beautiful Dendrobium Johnsonia, Habenaria carnea, the rare Chondro-
rhyncha Chestertoni, Phaius X Ashworthianus, Calanthe xX Florence and

X bella, Cymbidium xX. Winnianum, Phaio-calanthe x Arnoldiz,
Cypripedium X Leeanum, and others. A Botanical Certificate was given
to Maxillaria elegantula, Rolfe, a pretty species allied to M. grandiflora,
having white flowers tinged with yellow towards the apex of the sepals
and petals, and spotted with chocolate.

Messrs. Linden, L’Horticulture Internationale, sent a yellow form of
Cypripedium insigne called C. insigne Luciani, and C. X Beckmanii,
a fine hybrid, said to have been derived from C. Boxallii superbum crossed
with bellatulum, though the latter parent was doubted by the Committee, _
It received an Award of Merit. metas ceria a ;

30 FHE ORCHID REVIEW.

At the meeting held on December 14th, the last of the year, Orchids
were unusually numerous for the season, and came from twenty-two
different exhibitors.

The group staged by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking
(gr. Mr. White), was a particularly rich one, and received a Silver-gilt Flora
Medal, besides eight special awards to individual plants. Calanthe xX
burfordiensis, C. X sanguinaria, and C. x Veitchii splendens each secured
an Award of Merit, as also did an interesting hybrid between Brasso-cattleya
X Lindleyana ? and Lelio-cattleya X elegans 3, called Brasso-catlelia X
Lindleyano-elegans. The sepals and petals are blush white and the lip
purple. Masdevallia corniculata and Cirrhopetalum Meduse each received
a Botanical Certificate, and the latter, together with Dendrobium cym-
bidioides, received Cultural Commendations, being fine specimens with
numerous inflorescences. Among the other plants were numerous beautiful
Calanthes, as C. X amabilis with pale rose-coloured flowers, C. X Veitchii
lactea, a fine white, C. X porphyréa, C. X Wylamiana, C. X Bryan, white
with dark purple eye, C. x versicolor, white with soft pink eye; also
Masdevallia irrorata and M. Schrcederiana, a fine specimen of Platyclinis
uncata, Miltonia Russelliana and M. Endresii, Cypripedium x Lawrebel,
C. X callo-bellum, C. X conco-bellum, C. X Leeanum giganteum, &c.

J. T. Bennett-Pée, Esq., Holmewood, Cheshunt (gr. Mr. Downes),
received a First-Class Certificate for the beautiful white Calanthe xX
Harrisii.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), received
an Award of Merit for Lelia anceps Mrs. de B. Crawshay, a large and
richly-coloured variety.

R. C. Rickards, Esq., The Priory, Usk, received an Award of Merit for
Lelia pumila superba, one of the largest and best forms of the species.

W. C. Walker, Esq., Percy Lodge, Winchmore Hill (gr.. Mr. Cragg),
exhibited Odontoglossum cirrhosum with foliaceous bracts, a fine form of
Lelia albida, and Lelia rubescens, the latter receiving an Award of Merit.

Sir F. Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), sent the pure
white Maxillaria grandiflora alba, a fine form of Cypripedium insigne with
very large spots, and the handsome Trichopilia brevis, an Award of
Merit being given to the latter.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Garden, Glachewirs sent Maxillaria
mirabilis, M. punctata and an unspotted variety of the same, a fine yellow
form of Cypripedium insigne, Vanda lamellata Boxallii, and Oncidium
saltabundum, the latter receiving a Botanical Certificate.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), sent
: Cypripedium x J. Howes (C. x Sallieri Hyeanum x villosum aureum),
a = handsome hybrid.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 31

Malcolm S. Cooke, Esq., Kingston Hill (gr. Mr. Buckell), sent two
good forms of Oncidium Forbesii.

H. Druce, Esq., The Beeches, Circus Road, St. John’s Wood (gr. Mr.
Walker), sent a remarkable form of Oncidium varicosum, with a large
amount of red-brown at the base of the lip.

T. Duck, Esq., Abbey Wood, Kent, showed Cyperorchis Mastersii
alba with flowers entirely white.

Admiral Sir Henry Fairfax, Ravenswood, Melrose, sent a fine form of
Lelia anceps.

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan),
showed the handsome Lelia anceps Schroedere.

T. McMeekin, Esq., Falkland Park, Norwood (gr. Mr. Wright),
showed a fine form of Cypripedium insigne, and C. X Mrs. Geo. Bollerill,
a fine hybrid between C. X Lathamianum @? and C. X Savageanum
superbum ¢ ‘

Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), showed
the handsome Lelia anceps Chamberlainiana.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), sent the
handsome Cattleya X Miranda.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, staged a choice group of
hybrids to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained the
handsome Lelia-cattleya x Eunomia, three fine forms of L.-c. X Pallas,
L.-c. X Loucusta (C. bicolor ¢ x L. harpophylla ¢) a striking thing
‘with yellow sepals and petals, and a purple lip with cream-white side
lobes, Cattleya X Mantinii, Selenipedium X Sedeni candidulum, Cypri-
pedium x Niobe, C. x Euryades, C. X Ginone, C. X Minos magnificum,
and C. X AXson giganteum, the latter receiving an Award of Merit.

Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Upper Clapton, received a Silver Banksian
Medal for a fine group, including Angraecum sesquipedale, Cynorchis Lowii,
Lycaste Skinneri armeniaca, Lelia anceps, Cymbidium X Winnianum,
Oncidium anthocrene, Dendrobium Xx Cassiope, D. X Leechianum,
Cattleya Percivaliana, Cypripedium insigne Laura Kimball, the handsome
C. x Leeanum Low’s variety, the beautiful C. x Minos magnificum,
C. X Bellona, C. X Sallieri Hyeanum, &c.

- Mr. James Douglas, Edenside, Great Bookham, received an Award of
Merit for Lelia x Briseis (harpophylla x purpurata), a pretty hybrid
having white sepals and petals tinged with lemon yellow, and a white lip
with some rosy markings on the front lobe of the lip.

Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, sent Phaio-calanthe X Arnoldiz
superba, and some good hybrid Calanthes, including C. xX bella, Gx
Florence, C. X Bryan, and C. X Victoria-Regina, &c., forming a very

pretty group.

32 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. Paul and Son, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, showed ten
baskets of healthy Cypripediums grown in a house where the temperature
often falls to 40° Fahr. in winter. They included C. Spicerianum, C. X
Ashburtonie, C. x Harrisianum, and various good forms of C. insigne.
A Vote of Thanks was accorded.

Messrs. B. S. Williams and Son, Upper Holloway, also sent a good
group, including Zygopetalum intermedium, some good examples of
Odontoglossum polyxanthum, Oncidium tigrinum and QO. varicosum,
Calanthe x Oweniana, having carmine-rose flowers with some cream-
coloured markings, C. X bella, C. x Veitchii alba, Cypripedium x calo-
phyllum, C. Leeanum superbum, C. X nitens superbum, C. X Sallieri,
a series of C. insigne varieties, C. X Harrisianum, &c.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CATTLEYA X EMPRESS FREDERICK VAR. LEonaTA.—Gard. Chron., Dec.
18, pp. 428, 429, fig. 127.

DENDROBIUM CG@LOGYNE, Rehb. f—Gard. Chron., Nov. 27, pp. 386,
387, fig. 114.

HABENARIA RHODOCHEILA, Hance.—Bot. Mag., t. 7571 (7570 on plate,
by error).

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X CLive. —Gard. Chron., Dec. 18, pp. 426, 427,
fig. 126.

MAXILLARIA ELEGANTULA, Rolfe.—Gard. Chron., Dec. 11, p. 420,
fig. 125.

ODONTOGLOSSUM RETUSUM, Lindl.—Bot. Mag., t. 7569.

VANDA SANDERIANA.—Journ. of Hort., Dec. 2, p. 535, fig. 79-

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.,

, Hamburg. 1 and 2, believed to be forms of Odontoglossum astranthum, Rchb. f.

3 Onde unquiculatum. 4, Dendrobium speciosum. Without number Saccolabium
giganteum

H. W. oh remedy for these pests will be found in the present issue. Perseverance is
necessary.

D. M. G. a rss ae produces these deformed flowers, some-
times possibly the result of w

_A.W.. This and several ae communications are unavoidably delayed,

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Contents.

PAGE

~ Bateman, the late Mr. James ... 56.| Notes...

Burford, a visit to ca oe 45 Obituary
Calendar of Operations for February —58 Jean Linden
Goats the destruction of 8 | Orchid cultivation in Italy
Orchids at Burford
Orchid Portraits.
Orchids at the Royal Horticultural

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YEITCH’S
MANUAL OF ORCHIDAGEOUS PLANTS,

CULTIVATED UNDE LASS GREAT BRITAIN.

(Illustrated with apt and numerous dg eset

HIS work contains descriptions of all the most important species and ho get age in cultivation, their Origin,
as ysamyeam History, Date an Introduction, together with ee ate Notes » Ke,

s been compiled to supply amateurs anc naltteatil ors of exotic chide w ith a fuller ee be the
princi gene species, and varieties cultivated under ges dhs | is cdubeineds in athe csp —

The rapid extension of Orchid culture during the last quarter of a century, — fro e increased
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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

VoL. Viv} FEBRUARY, 1898. [No. 62.

NOTES.

THE next meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Drill Hall, James’ Street, Westminster, on February 8th, when the
Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.

Two of the afternoon lectures during the year are to be devoted to
Orchids—June 14th and September 6th. The subject on the former
occasion is ‘‘ Hybrid Orchids,” by Mr. James O’Brien, V .M.S., and on the :
latter ‘‘ The Disa,” by Mr. T. W. Burkinshaw.

The next meeting of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society will be held on February roth, at the Coal Exchange, Manchester.
The Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to

inspection an hour later.

We have received a very large and handsome flower of Cattleya
‘Trianze from the collection of F. G. Scott, Esq., Preston, North Shields.
It is perfect in shape, with the sepals and petals rosy lilac in colour, the
latter being over 2% inches broad, and the front of the lip rich amethyst-
purple, beautifully undulate, and with the usual deep yellow markings in
the throat. We believe that it may be referred to the variety magnifica.
A complete list of varieties was given at pp. I14-I19 of our third volume.

A most beautiful variety of Cattleya Percivaliana has been sent from the
collection of R. le Doux, Esq., Marlfield, West Derby, Liverpool. The
sepals and petals are light rosy mative in colour, and more reflexed than
usual. The petals are slightly over two inches broad. The lip is broad and
open, with the front lobe of the richest crimson, inclining to rich brown
where it joins the deep orange of the disc, and broadly bordered with white
at the beautifully undulate margin; and the side lobes deep yellow veined

34 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

with crimson, and also bordered with white. The whole margin of the lip
is more reflexed than usual, and this, together with the very spreading
petals, gives the flower an unusually flat appearance. It is cultivated
under the name of ‘ Antoinette le Doux.”

Cypripedium X Leeanum Clinkaberryanum is a very large and handsome
variety, of which a flower has been sent by Mr. H. T. Clinkaberry, gr. to
O84 2 Roebling, Esq., Trenton, New Jersey, and is said to be an improve-
ment on C, X L. giganteum in shape, size, and colour. Unfortunately, the
flower was partly faded on arrival, but it has decidedly improved since it
was briefly described at page 99 of our third volume, for the dorsal sepal is
now nearly 3 inches broad, and the petals nearly an inch across.

————_ + —-4+-—

GERMINATION OF PAPHIOPEDIUM SEED,

ON pages 6 and 7 of your last issue is an article on Paphiopedium seed, and
the length of time some of it takes to germinate. I can give you
one other instance where seed took over two years in germinating,
namely P. Curtisii crossed with the pollen of P. Chamberlainianum. The
seeds were sown on April 5th, 1895, and after being sown eighteen months,
one seed only germinated. Seven months later some nine or ten more
seedlings germinated, and three months later still about twelve more
appeared. From that time to the present seeds have kept on germinating,
making in all about thirty seedlings. I may mention another case, that of
P. X marmorophyllum crossed with the pollen of P. Stonei, which also took
over two years in germinating, but not with such good results.
Epwarp C. H. Pips.ey.

ORCHIDS OF 18q7.

THE Orchids of the past year once more demonstrate that it is to the
hybridist rather than to the collector that we must look for the production
of sterling novelties for our collections. It is quite probable that other
showy species remain to be discovered, as well as numerous forms of
botanical interest, but the unexplored parts of the globe are now becoming
so circumscribed as to warrant the belief that the great harvest of showy
things has been gathered. The principal novelty of 1897 was the violet-
purple Dendrobium Victoria-Regina, introduced from the Phillippines by
M. Loher, besides which Lueddemannia Sanderiana, Maxillaria elegantula,
and one or two others were described from Messrs. F. Sander & Co.’s
establishment, and Mormodes badium and var. luteum flowered in the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 35

collection of the Hon. Walter Rothschild. A few others which appeared
are chiefly of botanical interest.

Of course new varieties of well-known old species are constantly
appearing, and among the most remarkable of these must be mentioned the
pure white Dendrobium nobile virginale which appeared in the establish-
ment of Mr. Thomas Rochford, and was described and figured at page 145
of our last volume. Maxillaria grandiflora alba is an albino from the
collection of Sir Frederick Wigan. Several additional varieties of the most
popular species of Cattleya, Odontoglossum crispum, and others appeared,
but how far all are distinct from previously named ones could only be
ascertained on comparison. Some are certainly individuals rather than
varieties.

Additions are gradually being made to the ranks of the natural hybrids,
and among those of last year must be mentioned the remarkable Vanda X
Moorei, which appeared with Mr. J. W. Moore, of Bradford, V. X amcena,
with Messrs. Linden, and Cattleya X undulata, with Sir Trevor Lawrence.

Among garden hybrids quite a long list could be enumerated, but we
must limit our review to the more distinct and striking ones.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, as usual, flowered several remarkable
novelties, including Epilelia x radico-purpurata, which was figured at
page 273 of our last volume, Epicattleya xX matutina, Epidendrum X
radico-vitellinum, Phalenopsis X Hebe, Spathoglottis X aureo-
Vieillardii, Lelia x Olivia, Cattleya x Miranda C. X Melpomene,
Lelio-cattleya X Violetta, and the striking L.-c. x Digbyano-Triane.

Another remarkable hybrid from Lelia Digbyana flowered with T. W.
Thornton, Esq., namely Leelio-cattleya x Thorntoni, a seedling from
Cattleya Gaskelliana. Cattleya x Miranda was also raised and flowered
in the same collection, as well as with Messrs. Veitch.

Brasso catlelia x Lindleyano-elegans is a remarkable hybrid raised in
the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence.

Dendrobium X Burberryanum and Cattleya X Miss Endicott flowered
in the collection of the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P.

Cypripedium X Haynaldo-Chamberlaini from the collection of E.
Ashworth, Esq., is probably the first seedling to flower from C.
Chamberlainianum.

Lelio-cattleya X Juno is a very interesting hybrid raised in the
collection of Norman C. Cookson, Esq.

Cypripedium X conco-bellum and C. xX Rolfei flowered with T.
Statter, Esq., the latter a hybrid professedly from C. bellatulum
and C. Rothschildianum, though there is a slight doubt about it.

Lzlio-cattleya X Robin Measures and Cypripedium X Oakes Ames are
two interesting hybrids from Messrs. F. Sander & Co.

36 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

M. Ch. Maron raised several interesting hybrids in the establishment
of M. Fournier, of Versailles, including Cattleya X Asttes; 4). <x
Breauteana, C. X dubbiosa, C. X Fernand Denis, C. X Feuillati, and
C. X Gaudi.

Leelio-cattleya Xx Venus and L.-c. X Lucy Ingram appeared in the
collection of C. L. N. Ingram, Esq.

Other interesting hybrids of the year include Dendrobium X Backhousei,
from Messrs. James Backhouse & Son, Leelio-cattleya X Cypheri from Mr.
James Cypher, L.-c. X Briseis from Mr. James Douglas, Cypripedium X
callo-Rothschildianum, from J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., C. X Norrisianum,
from F. A. Rehder, Esq., and C. X Beckmanii from Messrs. Linden.

Two very interesting events which occurred in the collection of
Sir Trevor Lawrence deserve to be mentioned here, namely, the flowering —
of Grammatophyllum speciosum and the beautiful Vanda X Miss
Joaquim, the latter a hybrid raised at Singapore, — had not
previously flowered in Europe.

DIES ORCHIDIAN-A.

One of the most interesting little articles that I have read in the Review for
some time was that on “ Paphiopedium Seed and the time to sow it” (p. 6),
and I congratulate Mr. Young upon the systematic way in which his experi-
ments must have been made and recorded to be able to give such.a careful
summary of six years’ work, including nearly 500 sowings, and over 100
successful ones, already, for other seedlings will yet appear from the more
recent sowings. I hope that Mr. Young will persevere in his work, and
that some good things will appear as they reach the flowering stage. I am
sure that many other readers of the Review will value such a record, and I
hope that it will stimulate others to record their experiences, for we learn a
great deal from thus comparing notes.

: I am particularly pleased with the excellent reproduction of Mr. Ball’s
beautiful Cypripedium insigne Sandere at page 17. It is not only accurate,
but remarkably life-like, and if one could only reproduce the natural colours
automatically with such fidelity, what might we not hope to see in the way
of an illustrated work! We frequently hear now-a-days of photography in
colours, and as soon as the process is successfully applied to Orchids I hope
someone will send me an example.

Petr nf ME araeeoer a nce EONIO

‘* Paphiopedilum,” says the Gardeners’ Magazine (Jan. 8th, p. 18), “is

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 37

not the name of some new sea-urchin, nor the title of some microscopic
fungus recently discovered ; it is the generic title by which, in future, our
leading botanists wish us to recognise those Orchids hitherto known as
tropical Cypripediums. The title is not a new one, for Dr. Pfitzer proposed
it in 1886, and recently, in the reduced form of Paphiopedium, Mr. R. A.
Rolfe has put it forward. Discussing the matter in the Botanical Magazine,
Sir Joseph Hooker states that . . . ‘‘ Dr. Pfitzer also suggested Ascher-
son’s Cypripedilum for the popular Linnean Cypripedium, but this would
make what Linnzus wished to be ‘ Venus’ foot Orchids’ into ‘ Venus’ or
‘ Lady’s slipper Orchids,’ as they are popularly but erroneously known. Sir
Joseph reminds us that Cypripedium of Linnzus should have been spelled
Cypripodium to be correct, and suggests that to simplify matters and gain
uniformity the generic terms Cypripodium, Selenipodium, and Paphiopodium
might be used if the change referred to becomes desirable ’—on which point
Sir Joseph Hooker had remarked that ‘the only objection being the
esthetic one that, considering the shape of the lip of a Cypripodium, the
compliment to the goddess’s foot is not a flattering one.” (Bot. Mag.,
t. 7573.)

But is this change either desirable or necessary? The sentimental
objection may be passed over, for it seems to me that the compliment is
much the same, whether you speak of the goddess’s foot or her slipper, the
one evidently being intended to fit the other—and, by the way, can any one
tell us precisely what the goddess’s foot was like? Her collection of
slippers, at all events, is pretty extensive and varied, and some of them are
obviously a very bad fit. And seriously, I think we have had changes
enough in this group. | Necessary changes are bad enough, but surely this
is not one of them. _ Linnzeus wrote ‘‘ Cypripedium,” and distinctly stated
the derivation of the name as from Venus’ foot, and I fail to see by what
right it was changed to ‘‘ Cypripedilum,” or Venus’ slipper. Long ago
Reichenbach had something to say on this question, but I fail to lay my
hands on the reference at this moment, though I remember that he showed
how the initial letter might be changed by some “ purist,” as well as the
terminal syllable and one or two in the middle of the word, and it looks as
if we were coming to it. And in spite of what has been written to the
contrary I would ask is ‘‘ Cypripedium” so very erroneous? Many Latin
words were adapted from the Greek, and their derivations have Latin
terminations, as Epidendrum and Bulbophyllum. And we have the Latin
word pes, a foot—which comes from the Greek pous, pod-os (conf. Dr. William
Smith)—and is declined pedis, pede, pedum, &c. Again, in some cases, for
the sake of euphony, the termination wm becomes tum, so if Linnzus chose
to write Cypripedium there is no good reason why we should not do the

338 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

same. A similar remark applies to Lindley’s ‘“ Uropedium” and
Reichenbach’s “‘ Selenipedium”’ which Pfitzer changed to Uropedilum and
Selenipedilum, though at that time it was known that the former was not a
good genus.

The case of ‘‘ Paphiopedilum ” is a little different, but the advantage of
uniformity in spelling is obvious, and considering the liberties taken with
pre-existing names I am not disposed to quarrel with those who choose to
drop the “‘1.”” Besides which, the name originally included two genera,
for Pfitzer remarked ‘‘ Unter diesem Namen fasse ich, wie an anderen stelle
naher begriindet werden soll die Selenipedia acaulia coriifolia Reichenbachs
(Xenia Orchidacea 1, s.3) zusammen, . . .’—that is, the American plants
now referred to Phragmipedium—but immediately afterwards he added
P. insigne and P. Spicerianum, and a few pages later P. barbatum and
P. venustum, from the Old World. And subsequently, he added two
Catasetums and a Cyrtopera. Paphiopedilum, as a genus, is thus a little
mixed. Count Kerchove afterwards adopted the arrangement, but changed
the name to Paphiopedium ; and finally Rolfe, after excluding the spurious
species, showed that two distinct genera were included under the name, for
the larger of which he retained the name Paphiopedium, using Phragmi-
pedium for the other. I wonder what will be the next development. It
would appear that we have four distinct and well-defined genera in the
Cypripedium group (supra, iv., p. 330), and I suppose we must adopt the
new names, but it is unfortunate that our botanists did not make the
discovery sooner. But let us have uniformity of spelling, at all events, and do
spare us from this useless tampering with the construction of familiar names.

A good example of how not to do it appears in the Gardeners’ Chronicle
for January 22nd, where I find ‘‘ Lelia Amesiana, Crawshay’s variety ”’
(p. 59, fig. 22). It is said to differ from the “original ” in certain points
which are specified. On turning to the original L. Amesiana I find it to
be a hybrid between Lelia crispa and Cattleya maxima, now known as
Lelio-cattleya x Amesiana, and the figure certainly does differ very
considerably. There is also a reference to page 47 of a previous issue,
but on looking that up I find the plant recorded as “ Lelia anceps
Amesiana, Crawshay’s variety.” Now what is the correct name of this
plant? Clearly L. Amesiana is incorrect, and if it is L. anceps var.
Amesiana there is no need for the additional name. If, on the other
hand, it is different, the word Amesiana should be omitted, for either it
is that variety or it is not. Last month you wrote ‘“ the nomenclature
of varieties is in a state of hopeless confusion” (p. 9). Is it any wonder ?

ARGUS.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 39

FLOWERS FROM AMERICA.

WE have frequently received very interesting flowers from our American
readers, sometimes in excellent condition, but too often, in spite of
the most elaborate precautions in packing, they can only be described as
unrecognisable. A recent mail brought us a box containing a Cattleya
flower most carefully packed, with the stalk inserted into a small phial
of water through a hole in the cork, but, unfortunately, the flower arrived
in a semiputrid state. This flower was accompanied by the request for
a report as to its condition on arrival, and a few notes on the question
generally may be interesting.

It would of course be useless to send flowers in this way which do
not last more than a week in a fresh condition, also old flowers of other
species, and it would be much better to press them flat between two
pieces of blotting paper, for flowers sent in this way often give a better
idea of what they have been than when sent as cut flowers; the chief
exceptions being those which turn brown or black in drying. Odonto-
glossums, Oncidiums, Dendrobiums, and the Cattleya group, preserve
their colours for long periods if dried quickly, but fleshy flowers, like
Lycastes and Zygopetalums often change colour.

Flowers sent in the ordinary way should be gathered when quite young,
a little moist green moss placed round the stalk, and this again wrapped
in a small piece of oiled silk, and then fastened to the box to prevent it
shaking about. The flower is best protected by a little thin tissue paper.
Cotton wool is best avoided, but if used at all, should never be allowed
to touch the flowers, as it sticks to them. Too much moisture only hastens
decay, and thus does more harm than good. In a few cases where these
points have been carefully attended to, flowers have arrived almost as
fresh as if cut only the previous day, but much depends upon the nature
of the flower sent, and its age, for no kind of packing will preserve a
flower which would have withered in the same time if left on the plant.

Sometimes boxes get delayed in transit. A recent mail brought a letter
announcing the despatch on the same day of flowers of Lelia and
Cypripedium. The box arrived a week later, when the former was dried,
but a little mouldy at the base, and the latter had lost its colour and become
brown, as possibly it might have been by that time if left on the plant.
On one occasion a box was slightly over weight on account of the amount
of moss used and was kept back a few days until it had sweated down,
and the result need not be described.

The art of sending cut flowers long distances by post seems to consist
in preventing damage by crushing and shaking, and in guarding against
dessication by too rapid evaporation on the one hand, and decay by too

ve “THE ORCHID REVIEW.

much moisture on the other. Those in doubt as to the best method of
procedure might easily make up one or two trial packages and open them at
the end of seven or eight days, noting the result, and those which do not
stand well would be best spread out and pressed in blotting paper. It isa
pleasure to receive flowers in good condition, but when more or less decayed
it is satisfactory to no one.

LALIA ANCEPS AND ITS VARIETIES.

L2LIA ANCEPS is one of the most beautiful winter-flowering Orchids we
have, and its variability constitutes one of its principal charms, for it is
possible to have quite a number of plants in the collection, yet no two of
them being alike. A complete list of the known varieties, thirty-four in
number, was given in our fourth volume (pp. 50-53), and others have since
been named. A few of them, it is true, differ from each other in very slight
characters, but the number which will stand the test of being cultivated
side by side, under identical conditions, is larger than in the case of most
other species. For the opportunity of comparing a series of eleven varieties
grown under such conditions, we are indebted to the Right Hon. J.
Chamberlain, M.P., who has now a very fine show of them in his
collection at Highbury, many being fine specimen plants, one of them
bearing as many as twenty-three spikes.

The white forms are, ALBA, in which every trace of colour has vanished
with the exception of the light yellow crest ; WILLIAMSIANA, white, with
the usual purple markings in the throat; STELLA, similar, but with the
addition of a little lilac on the front lobe of the lip; and SANDERIANA, in
which the front lobe bears a large purple blotch. The latter is bearing
ten spikes with forty-eight blooms.

The coloured forms comprise: BARKERIANA, differing from the type in
its narrow petals ; GRANDIFLORA, characterised by its large richly-coloured
flowers ; CHAMBERLAIN’S VAR., nearly allied to the preceding, but rather
darker in the lip; PERcivaLiana, with light rose-pink sepals and petals and
a much darker lip; BLANDA, darker than the preceding; CALLISTOGLOSSA,
near the last, but with very richly coloured lip ; and HiGHBurRyY Var., another
ally, but with the sepals and petals of a very rich rosy purple shade.

From the size and development of the flowers it is evident that the
plants are very well cultivated, and that the locality was not visited with
fogs to such an extent as those situated in the London district, where
plants of Lelia anceps presented a deplorable sight.

’ L. A. ROEBLINGIANA is a remarkable variety, of which a flower has
been sent by Mr. H. T. Clinkaberry, gardener to C. G. Roebling, Esq.,
_ Trenton, New Jersey, U.S.A. It has just received a Silver Medal from

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 41

the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. The flower arrived dried, but
after being soaked in water and spread out showed that the petals were
irregularly marbled with deep purple, except at the base, and the lip
exceptionally deep in colour. The sepals are light rose, but also show a
trace of irregular marbling. It is comparable with Cattleya labiata
Peetersiana in its irregular colouring, and must have been very handsome
when fresh.

We have also received a fine L. A. SANDERIANA from the collection of
R. B. Macbean, Esq. ; L. a. SCHRGDERIANA, with very broad white front
lobe to the lip, from W. M. Appleton, Esq.; and the broad petalled
L. a. Dawson1, from F. Hardy, Esq., together with a small rosy form of
the type.

——— ——1+—__—

THE HYBRIDIST.
L#LIO-CATTLEYA X LocusTA.
Tuis is a very pretty little hybrid, raised from Cattleya bicolor @ and
Lelia harpophylla ¢g, in the establishment of Messrs. James Veitch
and Sons, of which a flower has been sent to us. It is said to have
the habit of the Lelia parent, the longest bulb at present being five
inches long, and the largest leaf four inches long by three-quarter inch
broad. The flower is quite intermediate in shape and colour, the sepals
and petals being orange-yellow, the side lobes of the lip, which enfold
the column, white, and the front lobe reflexed, narrow, and deep crimson,
this colour extending down the disc to the base. It has not yet reached
its full development.
ODONTOGLUSSUM X LOOCHRISTIENSE.

A very beautiful hybrid Odontoglossum has been sent by M. Ch.
Vuylsteke, of Loochristie, Gand, Belgium, raised from O. crispum ¢ and
O.triumphans ¢, and the first which has flowered in the establishment.
It is quite intermediate between the parents, and in many respects recalls
O. x excellens, but differs in having the petals more toothed, the lip not
at all pandurate, the crest more like that of O. crispum, and the wings of
the column distinctly toothed. The sepals and petals are light yellow, the
latter white along the centre from the base to the middle, and unspotted,
but the former with one to three brown spots about the middle. The lip
is white, except the crest, which is yellow, with a large brown blotch in the
front and the usual crispum markings on the claw. It is much finer than
any form of O. X Coradinei, and in fact in colour and the broad segments
is more like O. X excellens. We congratulate M. Vuylsteke on his success,
and hope to see his other hybrid Odontoglossums when they reach the
flowering stage.

42 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
THE CULTIVATION OF ORCHIDS IN ITALY.

THE cultivation of Orchids in Italy encounters difficulties very different
from those which present themselves in England, owing to the power
of the sun’s rays, the heat, and the extreme dryness of the air, especially
in summer.

For these reasons plants must always be shielded from the direct
rays of the sun, as if exposed to them the leaves get burned and fall,
and if the stems are touched the plant is killed. Plants therefore which
need exposure to sun to enable them to flower do not succeed so well.
At the same time too much ventilation cannot be given, as the hot dry
air is very injurious to the greater number of Orchids. In order to
maintain sufficient moisture in the atmosphere frequent syringing between
the pots is necessary, and abundant sluicing of the pathways, especially
in summer. At thé same time it does not do to over-water the pots
themselves, which causes the roots to rot.

To protect the plants as much as possible from being scorched,
while giving them as much light as possible, awnings are used made of
fine reeds—not canes—these allow a half-sunlight to pass; and to keep
the glass as cool as possible the awnings run on iron rods, raised a full
foot from the glass, to allow acurrent of air to pass between them and
the glass roof. This is found useful also in cold winter nights, as it
creates an intermediate atmosphere and prevents the glass from being
frozen.

In order to give more moisture to the air and to provide water for
the plants at the same temperature as the air, the whole basement of
the houses consists of open tanks some six feet deep, supplied with rain-
water from the roofs of the hot-houses and also from the villa. This
ensures a constant and abundant supply of soft water during the whole
year. In these tanks gold fish are kept, as it is supposed that fish assist
in softening the water. The pathways rest on longitudinal iron girders,
and are practically long bridges over the water supply beneath.

Notwithstanding these adaptations many cool Orchids cannot be grown
at all. Of Masdevallias only the Chimera group, M. elephanticeps, M.
gemmata, and M. swertiefolia, thrive. Many Odontoglossums and
Oncidiums are almost hopeless, Oncidum macranthum especially. Odonto-
glossum crispum can be grown and flowered, but the pseudobulbs never
reach the size attained north of the Alps, nor are the spikes so fine.
The same may be said of O. Pescatorei, though it does better than
O. crispum.

Hot-house plants do well, especially Phalznopses, Aerides, Saccolabiums,
Vandas, &c., as in general also Cattleyas, Lelias, and most intermediate

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 43

plants. Cypripediums flourish well, with the exception Of. Kn:
vexillarium, which leads an extenuated existence, and perishes in a
year or two—the same would probably be the case with C. Fairrieanum.
Some plants reputed, I believe, to be “ miffy” in England, grow luxuriantly,
such as Pachystoma Thompsonianum and Bulbophyllum barbigerum. Ina
word it may be said that the experience in Orchid growing in Italy is
generally the reverse of what it is in England.

Some of the finest plants in my collection are :—Dendrobium taurinum
with several stems, three metres high; Arachnanthe Lowii, one metre
eighty cm.; Arachnanthe Cathcartii, four stems, each one metre—this
grows on a raft suspended horizontally from the roof, from which the
growths hang pendant; many pieces have been taken off, or it would
have been much larger; Stauropsis lissochiloides, one metre ten cm. ;
Angraecum superbum, sixty cm.; Cattleya Sanderiana, thirty-four bulbs ;
Lelia X amanda, forty-one bulbs ; Lelia X euspatha, twenty bulbs—
portions of the last three have also been detached from time to time;
Coelogyne Sanderiana, thirty-seven bulbs; C. asperata, thirty bulbs.

The notes I hope will be of interest to readers of the Orchid Review.

Florence, Italy. | H. J. Ross.

OBITUARY.

ANOTHER veteran horticulturist has passed away, M. Jean Linden, who
died peacefully at his residence in Brussels on January 12th, in his 81st
year. He was born at Luxembourg in 1817, but removed to Belgium,
and was one of the first students at the Faculty of Science in the newly-
founded University of Brussels. In 1835 he was entrusted with a scientific
mission to South America, and during the next ten years he explored
various parts of Brazil, Columbia, Mexico, and Central America, during
which time he paid considerable attention to Orchids and other plants.
He finally returned to Europe in 1845, and placed in Dr. Lindley’s hands
a collection of dried Orchids with notes on their habitats.

In the following year Lindley issued his “‘ Orchidacee Lindeniane ; or
notes upon a collection of Orchids formed in Columbia and Cuba, by
M. J. Linden,” a small 8 vo. of 28 pages, with six pages of introduction,
containing 143 species, of which 76, or rather more than half, were
described for the first time. They included such interesting plants as
Odontoglossum luteopurpureum, hastilabium and odoratum; Masdevallia
coccinea, triangularis, cucullata, and Schlimii; Maxillaria nigrescens and
luteo-alba; and Sobralia violacea; together with three new genera,
Uropedium Lindeni, Chondrorhyncha rosea; and Solenidium racemosum.
The plants were accompanied by some interesting notes respecting their

44 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

habitats. Of Masdevallia coccinea we read:—‘ This magnificent species
grows on the ground, on the southern slopes of the high mountains
near Pamplona, at the height of 9500 feet; April. Its brilliant flowers
resemble, at a distance, those of the Bejarias, Vacciniums, and other
plants of those lofty regions”; and of Epidendrum frigidum :—‘ This
singular species grows on damp rocks a short distance from eternal
snow, at the height of 13,000 feet on the Sierra Nevada. It is remark-
able for a varnish which covers the whole plant, including the flowers,
which are pale rose; August and September.” Masdevallia Schlimii was
named by Mr. Linden after Mr. Schlim, his half brother and travelling
companion, by whom it was discovered.” The only Cattleya in the list
was the previously known C. Mossie, which he met with in 1842, near
Caraccas, at a height of 3,000 feet, flowering in March.”

Dr. Lindley drew up from M. Linden’s notes an interesting analysis
of the plants with respect to altitude and climate, and remarked on the
great importance of a correct knowledge of these facts by the cultivator.
The following note by Dr. Lindley is interesting, as it foreshadows the business
which commenced shortly afterwards :—‘‘ Of these plants many are alive
in the gardens of this country or of Belgium, in consequence of M. Linden
having furnished contributions to some of our great English collectors,
and having parted with the residue, consisting of between 70 and 80
species to M. Jonghe, . . . Brussels, who has them for sale.”

On returning home he established himself in business as a nurseryman
at Brussels, and issued an annual catalogue, the earliest one which we have
seen being No. 8 of the series, and dated 1853. Some time afterwards
M. Linden was appointed Director of the Zoological Gardens at Brussels,
presumably in 1856, for his catalogue for that year appears for the first
time as “ Prix Courante des Plantes cultivees dans les serres de J. Linden,
au Jardin Royale de Zoologie et d’Horticulture de Bruxelles.” After the
death of M. Ambrose Verschaffelt, M. Linden removed to Ghent (this was
about 1870), retaining, however, his Brussels establishment for a time.
About 1881 the business was turned into a company, called ‘‘ Compagnie
Continentale d’Horticulture,” with M. Linden as one of the Directors, a
position he also held in another company, “ L’ Horticulture Internationale,”
which was established at Brussels when the former one ceased to exist.

M. Linden sent various collectors abroad, Schlim and Wallis being two
of the principal ones, and through them he introduced a large number of
Orchids and other plants to European gardens, many of which were
described by Reichenbach, in the Gardeners’ Chronicle and elsewhere.

In 1860, with the collaboration of Messrs. Planchon, Reichenbach and
Liiddemann, he commenced the publication of an illustrated work relating
to Orchids, entitled Pescatorea, of which, in spite of its excellence, only 12

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 45

parts and 48 plates appeared. In 1870 his name first appeared as Director
of L’Illustration Horticole, a work which had been established and carried on
by M. Charles Lemaire for 16 years, and from that time almost until its
cessation, a quarter of a century later, he retained his connection with it.
Finally, in 1885, was commenced an illustrated work upon Orchids, with
M. J. Linden as Director, and Lindenia as title, a work whose character is
well known.

Linden’s knowledge of Orchids and their habitats was very extensive,
and he brought it to bear on their culture with good effect. He received
numerous marks of honour from his own and various Continental
Governments, and his funeral at Brussels on January 14th was attended by
representatives of the Government and a large number of horticultural
and other friends.

A VISIT TO BURFORD.

Ir is not the first time by any means that readers of the Orchid Review
have heard about the well-known collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence at
Burford, Dorking, but an account of such a collection might be written
for every month of the year, and it will be interesting to mention briefly
the most striking things which were to be seen there during January last.

It is fortunately situated far enough away from any centre or town
where that mixture of smoke and fog is too often found which is so
injurious to Orchids, as was explained in last month’s Review (page 20),
in a narration of fog effects. Asa result of this immunity, all the winter-
flowering Orchids were in full beauty at the time of our visit, and for
any one who witnessed the disastrous effects of the Christmas fogs in
the London district, it is really surprising to notice the quantity of plants
in flower at Dorking at this time of year.

We were very much struck with the beautiful winter-flowering Lzelias,
chiefly several white forms belonging to the anceps and autumnalis
group. Lelia anceps Dawsoni is a splendid variety, the sepals and petals
are of the purest white, also the exterior of the lip, while the throat is
beautifully veined, and the front lobe tinted with purple. Lelia autumnalis
alba is another great beauty, possessing only a small yellow mark on
the lip. Beside these valuable kinds, other forms of L. anceps were
showing their charming flowers.

A little further on we found several interesting hybrids, part of them
‘reared at Burford. Cypripedium x conco-Lawre is a characteristic hybrid,
and a point which attracted our attention, is that the influence of C.
‘concolor is largely developed in the foliage. C. X callo-bellum, with

46 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

three Jarge flowers, is another distinct acquisition, in which the influence
of C. bellatulum is very marked in the texture of the flower. It has
much of the C. callosum shape, but is a trifle larger, and the petals
much broader, while the whole plant is rather compact in habit. C. X
chloroneurum is another interesting hybrid now in flower.

In another house we found a very fine collection of Maxillarias, and
we also noticed the rare and pretty Dendrobium Wattii, a distinct species
of the Nigro-hirsute section. The habit of the plant reminds us a little
of D. Jamesianum, but the flower is more like D. cariniferum, though
white in colour and without the keeled ovary. Pleione humilis was also
in flower, the plants being remarkably well grown. Masdevallia tovarensis
was in full bloom, and the flowers resembled patches of snow laid on
the foliage. On the other side was a very pretty and well-flowered
specimen of Camaridium Lawrenceanum, and the beautiful Lycaste
Skinneri delicatissima, figured in Warner’s Select Orchidaceous Plants
(i, te Fo, figs X).

In the next house we found in flower the old Vanda tricolor, Lelio-
cattleya X corbeillensis and X Sallieri, two very remarkable generic
hybrids, and the curious Brassocatlelia x Lindleyano-elegans, in which
the influence of Lzlio-cattleya x elegans comes out strongly in the lip.
Crossing the Odontoglossum house, we noticed a very fine specimen of
O. crispum, well spotted, and on the other side the remarkable Masdevallia
racemosa, with its brilliant colour. In the next one we found on our
left a beautiful sight of Cypripedium xX Leeanum, which offered a good
field for study in regard to the amount of variation between different
forms of the same hybrid. The very rare C. Fairrieanum is represented
here by three specimens, small but very healthy, and in flower beside
them was C. X Niobe, very interesting, and one of its direct descendents.
Epidendrum Endresii is also a pretty small plant, its white flowers having
a small purple spot on the lip. Miltonia Endresii is also a very rare
and distinct species belonging to the vexillaria section of the genus.
Sobralia Lindeni is also a beauty. Its flowers were a little over, but
owing to their veined lip, put us in mind of Cattleya maxima. A beautiful
specimen of Bulbophyllum reticulatum was also noted, its leaves being
reticulated with white lines; and before leaving this house we must
mention a very fine specimen of Sophronitis grandiflora, really the finest
we have ever seen. A description has already appeared in these pages
(ili, p. 112). .

Passing to the next interesting house, which could be called a Show
house, on account of the numerous plants in bloom, we saw a beautiful
exhibition of Calanthe hybrids, chiefly obtained at Burford, which made
a most brilliant display. These plants have received special attention

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 47

on account of their great merit as winter bloomers, and the shades of
colour were something grand, from the darkest variety of Calanthe xX
Veitchii to the purest white. We may mention C. X Bryan, with its
pure white sepals and petals and its rich purple eye; C. X burfordiense,
a brightly coloured form; C. X porphyrea, C. X nivalis, and C. X
Victoria-Regina, with many others. We must not forget to say that
Burford is one of the few places where the old Calanthe rosea, formerly
known under the name of Limatodes rosea, can actually be seen.

Dendrobiums are very well represented and grown, and the number
of hybrids which have been reared at Burford is known to alk 2 X
burfordiense is a very beautiful one which we had the pleasure of seeing.
Here were also the rare D. Mooreanum with about a dozen flowers, and
D. cymbidoides, a pretty Javan species whose blossoms look more like
those of a Ccelogyne than of a Dendrobium.

On the middle stage we noticed a fine specimen of Schomburgkia
Kimballiana in flowet, in company with the curious Galeandra Devoniana,
which is also very handsome. Suspended from the roof is a most
complete collection of Bulbophyllums and Cirrhopetalums, and_ several
of them are very attractive when in flower. On the other side is
a very valuable collection of Phalenopsis and Cypripedium, and we
also noticed the rare Angraecum Kotzchyanum, which is believed to be
represented in Europe by only three specimens.

One of the most striking plants for us was a splendid specimen of
Vanda Sanderiana, which is certainly one of the strongest plants in
cultivation. On its roots a quantity of very small seedlings have germi-
nated, and it would be rather interesting-to know what that small
colony is, and -how the seeds got there. Nothing is known of their
previous history.

We saw also with great pleasure the Grammatophyllum speciosum,
which flowered last year and which was the fifth plant flowering in
Europe. Sobralia Cattleya is also worth mentioning as a plant which
has not yet flowered. It has undergore various treatments, but no
satisfactory result has been so far obtained. It has been grown as
cool as possible, has passed a complete summer outside, and now, as
it does not seem to have ripened, Mr. White proposes to submit it to
still more radical treatment. We hope he may succeed in flowering it,
which no one has yet accomplished in Europe. 3

The collection is certainly remarkable in many respects, and we
congratulate Sir Trevor Lawrence, and his able grower, Mr. White, on
their success, both in the cultural and hybridising departments.

ODONTO.

48 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DESTRUCTION OF COCKROACHES.

THE question of the destruction of cockroaches was mentioned at page 8 of
your last issue. If your correspondent will purchase some of Chase’s beetle
poison, and lay a few boluses about the haunts of the cockroaches, following
it up for a time, he will soon find them disappear, and perhaps may not see
a dead one. Of course, it is almost impossible to eradicate them altogether,

but enough to make them perfectly harmless with a little perseverance ; in
fact this is how we cleared them out here some years ago, and we have been
troubled very little since. I may also state that no domestic animals will.
touch it.

Marlfield, TuHos. ARCHER.

West Derby,
Liverpool.

I notice on page 8 an article dealing with the destruction of cockroaches,
in which a correspondent desires to know the best way of getting rid of
these pests. Having been troubled with them myself amongst the Orchids
here, we were advised to try the “‘ Magic Paste” manufactured by Messrs.
Penny, Hester & Co., of Dalston. We got a pot last November, and tried
it, the result being that we are now seldom troubled by cockroaches, only
an occasional one being seen. It is the best thing I have ever used, and
can thoroughly recommend it to anyone pestered by cockroaches. It is
also an excellent destroyer of rats and mice, as I have found dead ones after
using the paste. I hope that this will be found useful to your correspondent.

Ashlands, EpwarpD C. H. PIpsLey.
Newchurch,
Nr. Manchester.

I can thoroughly recommend beetle-paste for cockroaches, which is
easy to use and very efficacious. I tried it a month ago, when I had
lost several blooms of Lelia anceps and Sophronitis grandiflora, which they
seemed to find especially delicious.

The paste was laid in Inmps on the small coal with which my stages
are covered, and the next day we found several cockroaches lying dead
on the ledges of the water troughs, which run under my hot-water pipes,
having apparently been dried up by the poison. The only drawback to
it is that it must be constantly renewed as it soon gets mouldy and then
ceases to be palatable.

High Bickington, A. M. BaRTON.
__N. Devon.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 49

PAPHIOPEDIUM ~x DEEDMANIANUM.

THIs is a very interesting cross between P. Spicerianum and P. Chamber-
lainianum, the latter being the pollen parent. It was raised about five
years ago by Mr. W. B. Latham, the able Curator of the Edgbaston
Botanical Gardens near Birmingham, and has been grown on by his
foreman, Mr. Deedman, whence the name which has been given to it.
The dorsal sepal is larger than that of average forms of P. Spicerianum,
creamy white with pale green at its base, a purple streak up the centre,
with shorter lines of the same colour running half way up, the intermediate

Fic. 2. PAPHIOPEDIUM X DEEDMANIANUM.

spaces dappled with reddish brown spots. The petals are longer than
those of either parent, and are of a delicate green tint, lined and spotted
with the same colour as the dorsal sepal, twisted and undulated along
the edges with marginal tufts of dark hairs smaller than those of P.
Chamberlainianum. The labellum resembles that of P. Chamberlainianum,
but is larger and of a brighter and more rosy colour. The staminode is
reddish brown. In foliage, habit, and freedom of growth, the plant
resembles P. Chamberlainianum, but it is more robust and the flowers

Mo. Bot.Garden:

50 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

exceed in size those of P. Spicerianum. At present two flowers have
expanded on one stalk, and there is some appearance suggestive of a
third, but it is impossible to say yet whether it partakes of the character
of continuous flowering, which makes P. Chamberlainianum so valuable.
Altogether the robust habit of this hybrid, together with the large size of its
flowers and its beautiful colouring, should make it a very desirable variety.

W. WILLs.
Claregate, Wylde Green,

Birmingham.

(The photograph here reproduced was taken by Mr. Wills, together
with another showing the whole plant, of which a copy has also been sent.
The influence of the pollen parent is very obvious in the petals and lip, and
is equally well marked in the habit of the plant. We congratulate Mr.
Latham on having raised so interesting a hybrid.—Ep. |

ORCHIDS IN THE LAW COURTS.
ASHWORTH v. WELLS.

BEFORE Justices Day and Lawrance (forming a Divisional Court) a few days
ago the matter of Ashworth y. Wells came on for hearing, which involved
a rather peculiar point. Mr. C. A. Russell, Q.C. (with whom was Mr.
Tweedale), stated that this was an appeal from the decision of the
County Court Judge of Manchester in an action for breach of warranty.
His Honour Judge Parry had decided in favour of the plantiff, who,
however, now quarrelled with the amount of the verdict, and the point
to be now decided was whether the learned Judge did not hold wrongly
upon the question of the measure of damages in such an action as this.
The facts as they appeared on the learned Judge’s note were these :—
The defendant, Mr. Wells, down to June, 1895, was the possessor of a
very large and very well-known collection of Orchids. At that time,
for some reason, he determined to dispose of his collection. Consequently,
he put the matter into the hands of Messrs. Protheroe and Morris,
Auctioneers, and the sale took place on the 27th June, 1895. In the
usual way the Catalogue was published, and amongst the plants inserted
as for sale-in that Catalogue was one lot, described as a ‘‘ Cattleya
Aclandiz alba,” which was believed to be the only known plant of its
kind. For, although it had been the ambition of growers to produce a
white specimen, they had never hitherto succeeded. But the defendant
held he had succeeded in producing this “‘rara avis.’ It was, therefore,
put in the Catalogue, and it could not be denied that the description in
the Catalogue amounted to a warranty. Now Mr. Ashworth was also

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 51

an Orchid grower, and he bought this piece for the sum of twenty
guineas. Having purchased it, he took it away in order to cultivate it.
After two years’ careful tending the plant flowered, but, unfortunately,
instead of giving forth the coveted white bloom, it yielded instead a
common purple flower, worth about 7s. 6d. Mr. Ashworth’s hopes, of
course, were dashed to the ground. He, therefore, brought an action
for breach of warranty. At the trial defendant called no witnesses, and
all the evidence called for the plaintiff was that, had the warranty been
true, this plant had a value which exceeded £50. Ultimately the learned
County Court Judge gave judgment for the defendant, who had paid
into Court the sum of twenty guineas, which, he said, was all the plaintiff
was entitled to. Defendant did not deny the warranty, and it was now
submitted that the plaintiff, on the finding of the Judge in the Court
below, was entitled to a verdict of £50, because the least in the action
for breach of warranty the plaintiff was entitled to was the difference
between the value which was given him and the value the plant would
have had had it flowered white according to the warranty.

Mr. Montagu Lush, for the respondent, submitted to the contrary,
and that the appellant paid the market price for the piece at the sale.

[r. Justice Day, in giving judgment, thought the County Court
Judge had erred on a matter of law, although he very much agreed
with one portion of his judgment, which was that had this bulb turned
out a white “Cattleya Aclandie” it might have been worth any sum.
But he (Mr. Justice Day) was not in a position to say what such a
flower would be worth if it existed. It never had any existence, as a
matter of fact, and as far as one could tell it might never be grown,
The County Court Judge, therefore, was also unable to ascertain its
value. It was simply a speculation. However, the appellant was entitled
to what he paid for it, with interest on his money, and some compensation
for what costs had been incurred in the tending for two years. The
Judge below had assessed the damages on a wrong principle, and the
case must go back for the damages to be assessed rightly.

Mr. Justice Lawrance said that personally he should have preferred
dealing with this matter here at once, but he could not say that he
disagreed as to its going back to the learned County Court Judge. He
thought the latter had gone wrong, and speaking for himself he thought
the true measure of damages in this case was not that which was
contended for by Mr. Lush, namely, the difference between the market
price and what the thing would sell for. There was a long current of
authorities which showed that the rule which has always been acted
upon was this—namely, the difference between the value of a thing, with
a defect, which is warranted, and without a defect—that is to say what

52 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

is the value of it, and not what is the contract price. That was the
distinction he thought existed between the two classes of cases, and that |
is where he thought the learned County Court Judge had gone wrong.
In this case the evidence was all one way—it was not even controverted
in the slightest degree. It was shown by Orchid growers who were
called, three or four of them, that if this plant had been what it was
represented to be it would have been worth, taking the average of the
prices given, £100. Now that was the state of things before the learned
County Court Judge, and the question was, “‘Is the Plaintiff entitled to
more than the amount he gave for it, the contract price? Is he entitled
to what it is worth?” If he is entitled to what it is worth without the
defect, then I think he is entitled, assuming he had not been suing in
the County Court, to what any jury would give, namely £100, which is
the average of the sums fixed by the various Orchid growers called, who
would know, he supposed, what the value of a Cattleya Aclandiz alba
would be. However, he agreed that the case should go back to the
learned County Court Judge for some expression of opinion as to the
principle upon which damages should be assessed.
The appeal was allowed with costs.

aoe Cae Cis
age

HYBRIDISING DENDROBIUMS.

A coop deal of information has been afforded in your columns respecting
the raising of Cypripediums from seed, which has been of much interest
generally, and to the lovers of that section particularly so. As an amateur
and my own gardener, I have for some five or six years, as a relaxation
from other cares, been a cultivator of Orchids, and more especially of
Dendrobes, the majority of which species seem to thrive under the
conditions easily obtainable in our glass-houses, even within a large
town. Now that the flowering season of the majority of the Dendrobes
is approaching, or has commenced, perhaps the following particulars
may be of interest to those who succeed with this variety of Orchid (and
I fancy they are the greater number of small cultivators), and who wish
to try their hands at the fascinating pursuit of raising new or improved
varieties from seeds.

In my comparatively small collection I made fifty-two attempts at
fertilization during the months of March, April, May, and June last year,
of which an encouraging proportion has resulted in fruit being produced,
from which good seed has already been sown, or may reasonably be
expected to be available shortly ; and the half success of several crosses is
an encouragement to persevere with those varieties generally acknowledged

THE ORCHID REVIEW. $3

to be difficult to manage, the combination of which hold out expectations
of easier culture under ordinary conditions—for my experience is that
seedlings raised in this country flourish, where the imported parents are
amongst those which deteriorate in the hands of such as have not special
accommodation for them.

My house is a span-roofed one, with an orientation North and South,
somewhat shaded in the winter by higher buildings on the East and West
sides, so that it labours under the disadvantage of receiving only about
two hours of direct sunlight in mid-winter. One third of the house is
partitioned off from the rest as a warmer portion, that end being un-
fortunately the most shaded, but it is more conveniently near the source
of heat—a steam main.

One difficulty in raising seeds in a small collection, necessarily, is to
have desirable species in flower together, and much non-success is un-
doubtedly due to the unripeness of either pollen or stigma, and _ this
unceitainty applies particularly to pollen which has been borrowed from
other collections, points which materially, I think, affect the results, but
requires greater experience that I can at present venture to claim for its
elucidation. The greatest care, of course, should be taken in making
experiments to avoid the possibility of self fertilization of the flowers, or
much disappointment after years of anxious expectation and care with the
seedlings will follow, and careful records should be made at once, anda
label attached to the particular pedicel, to avoid any future confusion ; also
any undue excitement of the stigmatic surface from rough handling is
likely to deceive by producing a spurious appearance of fertilization, only
to be cleared up when the pod ripens, which then is found to contain
nothing but chaff.

The detailed list of the crosses I have made could be given, but I
fear would take too much of your space. It comprises most of the
nobile, fimbriatum, and nigro-hirsute species, and in many instances the
reverse cross has been made, and fresh trials where failure resulted.
Good pods were secured on D. nobile x D. Findlayanum and the reverse
cross, twice, D. n. xX D. xX Ainsworthii intertextum, D. n. x D.
Wardianum (this pod burst in November, when the seed was yet quite
green, but in other respects excellent, and it is apparently germinating
freely); D. xX Leechianum x D. Findlayanum, D. aureum x D.
crepidatum, twice, and D. primulinum x D. fimbriatum oculatum.
This last is interesting, but I fear will have to be numbered amongst
the half successes, for although the pod is still green, and has persisted
since 21st May last, it does not look plump enough to contain good seed.

The other partial successes are D. nobile X D. primulinum (the ovary
enlarged but withered after some weeks); D. n. Cooksoni x D.

54 _ THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Findlayanum, and the reverse cross. (pedicels decayed during the resting
period before the seed was ripe, of which trouble I have had several
instances with Findlayanum parents); D. nobile X D. Devonianum (a
most desirable cross, but one which failed after four months; and
D. clavatum X D. crepidatum, which failed after persisting three months.

These observations I trust will be of interest to your readers, and
will not unduly encroach upon your space. [Such communications are
specially welcome.—Ep.]

LIVERPOOL. F. H. Moore.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

THE advent of this month, with the gradually lengthening days, and the
corresponding increase in the sun’s power, brings again the season of
renewed activity. February, indeed, is the real month of awakening in
the Orchid houses, and it brings with it for all of us a kind of satisfaction,
as we know that once more we are leaving behind us the dull season so
injurious to the majority of our favourites. The work also is gradually
increasing, and now we shall have something fresh every day to repay
us for all our attention during the winter. What a pleasure it is to
watch the numerous spikes forcing their way up, and the flowers opening,
enabling us to make comparisons with what we have had in previous
years; how the past season has affected their development, and how
such and such a species flowered a little earlier or later. In such
observations we see a little of the way in which the rules cf nature are
carried out, and how each plant responds to the conditions under which
it is placed, as if endowed with consciousness as well as life.

We will take a glance round the houses to see what February will
bring us. January gave us a very little idea of the new year, as the
plants in flower were chiefly a continuation of the numerous winter-
flowering Orchids, as several Cypripediums, Lelia anceps with its
valuable varieties, Sophronitis grandiflora and violacea, Zygopetalum
-intermedium and x Clayi, Masdevallia ignea, x Heathii, melanopus,
Reichenbachiana, striatella, tovarensis, and triangularis, Vanda Amesiana,
and a few Dendrobes.

If we attempted to give a complete description of the numerous
-varieties of Orchids which will flower during this month a short pamphlet
would be required, and we must cut our notes short in consideration of
the small space which is allotted to us.

A few late-flowering Calanthes are now -to be seen, as C. rosea, C.
Regnieri, and C. x bella, worth mentioning. Among. Cattleyas, C.
oe Triane, and a are blooming and are very welcome,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 55

for C. labiata vanished with the old year. Coelogynes are also very
promising and will be in flower before the end of the month, chiefly the
handsome C. cristata with its varieties. Cymbidiums are also pushing
their numerous spikes, and some of them will remain in flower for several
weeks. C. Lowianum, eburneum, Mastersianum, and the rare C. tigrinum,
are plants that ought to have a place in every collection.

A quantity of Cypripediums are now showing their flowers, and as
they have the great merit of remaining in good condition for several
weeks, the show during February and March generally forms one of
the most noticeable sights. Several well-known hybrids are now widely
disseminated in collections, and many of them are very free blooming,
as C. X Amesianum, X Io, X Dauthieri, X Measuresianum, X politum,
X cenanthum superbum, X Lathamianum, and xX nitens. Of the natural
species we have the fine C. Argus, Boxallii with its variety atratum,
Exul, Lawrenceanum, the old C. barbatum, callosum, and villosum, and
we must not forget the two distinct species, C. Chamberlainianum and
Victoria-Mariz, which are still blooming, in fact they keep up a succession
for months.

Dendrobiums are also in season and will soon form a fine display.
Hybrids are now found in many places, chiefly D. x Ainsworthii and its
superb varieties, also D. x chrysodiscus, and D. xX burfordiense. All
the descendants of the aureum, nobile, and Wardianum section are all early
flowering, and are now making a fine display. With regard to natural
species we have a very various group, as D. crassinode, crepidatum,
Findlayanum, gracilicaule, Kingianum, moniliforme, nobile and_ its
numerous varieties, Pierardi, primulinum, sarmentosum, speciosum, and
Wardianum, which contribute largely to the gaiety of the collection.

A few Epidendrums are also showing, namely, E. ellipticum and
ciliare, also the curious Gongora galeata, and the handsome and richly-
coloured Lelia harpophylla, L. glauca, and the rare L. virens. Leptotes
bicolor and Lycaste Skinneri are also showing their buds, while of
Masdevallias, we have M. polysticta, Macrura, leontoglossa, ignea, and
several species belonging to the Chimera section, which are now very
promising.

Odontoglossums are now very important. Several of them began to
flower last month, but their proper season is now coming. The beautiful
OQ. crispum, Pescatorei, triumphans, gloriosum, maculatum, cirrhosum,
Hallii, Edwardii, Cervantesii and CErstedii, are coming on very rapidly.
Miltonias cuneata and Roezlii are also showing their first flowers. Several
Oncidiums now sending out their spikes are O. ampliatum, Lucasianum,
Papilio, Krameri, pubes, splendidum and macranthum, and this does
‘not exhaust the list.

56 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Phalenopses are now beginning to flower again, chiefly P. amabilis,
Boxallii, Lowii, Lueddemanniana, and Schilleriana will most certainly
be open during the month. In the London district fog has played sad
havoc with some of the early buds. Several Phaiuses, which ought to
be more largely grown, are also flowering, namely, P. grandifolius,
maculatus, and callosus, and we must not forget the beautiful P. x
Cooksoni. The pretty little Restrepia striata is promising well, and
Saccolabium giganteum, and violaceum are already open. Selenipedium
furnishes some valuable flowers at. this season, S. X calurum, X
cardinale, Roezlii, and x Sedeni candidulum are now in flower, and
will remain so for another two months or more.

Among botanical species are to be seen some really fine blooming
plants, as Tainia augustifolia and penangiana; Trias picta and vitrina
are also showing their curious flowers, and the handsome Spiranthes
colorata is now in full bloom. Xylobium corrugatum, and leontoglossum
are also flowering, and it would be easy to give quite a list of botanical
species, some of which are well worthy of more extended cultivation.
Space, however, is limited, and the above contains a selection of the
better known kinds, and we hope’ the list will prove interesting to the
majority of our friends of the Review. Next month will doubtless prove
still more productive. .

ODONTO.

THE LATE MR. JAMES BATEMAN.

THE following extract from a letter received by me in March, 1892, from
the late Mr. Bateman will probably be read with interest, as it shows the
character of this remarkable man, besides giving some facts which are
probably not elsewhere recorded. The letter arose out of my articles on
Cycnoches in the Gardeners’ Chronicle, and after some interesting details
about C. ventricosum and C. Egertonianum as figured in his ‘* big book,”
_as he termed it, he proceeded :-— :

“Mr. Lance (after whom Oncidium Lanceanum is called, and who
discovered Cycnoches Loddigesii in Surinam) has not been dead many
years. He was a barrister and a member of the Atheneum. I remember
nearly twenty years ago going to his rooms in the Temple, together with
-Mr. Huntley (hence the genus Huntleya), who was a friend of his, where
we both feasted our eyes on a large portfolio of drawings (by Mr. Lance
himselt), which he brought with him from Surinam. Lindley, in a letter to
me, describes his first visit to them in these words :—‘ Oh! I have just seen
such drawings of such things from Surinam—beautiful beyond description,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. $7

and nearly all new!! Among them Loddiges’ Cycnoches, in perfection.
‘Here came a rude sketch.] Nearly twenty such flowers!’ This nearly
drove me mad, and if Lance had not given me a living plant, I don’t know
what would have become of me! Loddiges’ plant, as figured in the Botanical
Cabinet, produced only two flowers. I was more fortunate, and after twelve
months’ cultivation a flower scape bearing at least a dozen flowers made its
appearance in the same house that some twenty years later was startled by
the apparition of C. ventricosum and C. Egertonianum on the same stem !
‘C. Loddigesii, however, never played any tricks at Knypersley. The twelve-
flowered spike I regarded as a prodigy in itself, and succeeded in drying it
perfectly. If you live thirty years (is not that the period during which
Reichenbach’s Herbarium is to remain sealed?) you may yet see this
specimen, for I gave it to Reichenbach when he called at my house in
London shortly after Lindley’s death. Little did I then think that I should
never see him again. You must kindly pardon all this garrulity in an
octogenarian. I need scarcely say that if there be anything in my former
letter or in this that you can utilise in any way it is entirely at your
service.”

The remarks on Cycnoches are too long for reproduction, but a few
extracts will supplement the account already given in the Review (iil., pp.
233-236). Speaking of plate 5, he remarks:—‘‘ The pseudobulb which
carried the capsule was all that came in the box, which I unpacked myself in
the West India Docks early in June, 1836. I sent it down to Knypersley at
once—my Orchid houses were furnaces then—and in the autumn it flowered
as represented. No more plants of C. ventricosum were received until two
years later, and then came as what ought to have been C. Egertonianum.
And now we will pass on to plate 40, where both the mysterious racemes
are shown as proceeding from the same pseudobulb, though, as you rightly
remark, ‘ it is clear they were not borne simultaneously.’ But they followed
each other after a short respite—I believe, in about three weeks—and I can
positively assure you that they were watched as carefully as the Koh-i-noor
itself. Never a day passed without my inspecting them. As to the withered
flowers, they remained many months on the plant, and were seen by many
people, including Sir P. Egerton, after whom the species was called.”
These reminiscences are extremely interesting, and if we carry ourselves
back fora moment to the period in question, when nothing was known
about the difference between the sexes in this group of Orchids, we can
easily understand the astonishment with which the production of two such
very different kinds of flowers on the same pseudobulb was regarded.

R. A. ROLFE.

58 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR FEBRUARY.

By H. A. BURBERRY.

CERTAINLY this balmy “ South-of-Cornwall” kind of weather we have
experienced for the greater part of the present winter should—where
Orchids have been properly cared for, and black fogs do not trouble—have
worked wonders. What asmall amount of fire heat has been necessary
- to be sure, and what a grand supply of light and fresh air the plants have
enjoyed compared to that of our winters generally, and it cannot fail to
have but a good effect on Orchids in all departments.

Let me once more advise that no pains be spared in providing the most
beneficial atmosphere and the best conditions generally within our Orchid
houses, for therein, and therein only, lies the secret of success. The
conditions that are most suitable for the well-being of Orchids are likewise
the healthiest for the men who grow them—the plainest, the simplest, and
easiest of all to create. When once the growing conditions required by
an Orchid are thoroughly grasped and understood, the maintenance of
such conditions then becomes simplicity itself. Success does not come
to those who coddle their plants up day after day, and week after week, in
a suffocating, oppressive, and unduly exciting atmosphere. They only
make for themselves an enormous amount of useless work, consisting of
damping down, cleaning, &c., and at the same time are rewarded by seeing
their plants gradually but surely become weak and spindly, and quite
unable to push forth a strong break, or growth, which in its turn would
produce a strong healthy truss of flowers. Orchids, like other plants and
flowers, unless seen in their full beauty, lose much of their attractiveness.
Those on the other hand who make a cardinal point of employing fresh air,
and using warmth and moisture in moderation, according to the season of
the year and the outside conditions of the weather, not only have the satis-
faction of seeing their charge improve in sturdiness year by year, but find
that the time and attention demanded becomes less and less in accordance
with their experience.

The ‘‘man at the wheel” is the stoker. It is very important that he
should be a man of intelligence, having some forethought and capable of
making use of the same. What a boon a thoughtful stoker is! It is not
too much to say, and none will deny it, that on him depends to a very large
extent the success or non-success of the cultivation of exotic plants.

DENDROBIUMS.—Many of the earliest to flower of these will now have
finished and be starting again into active growth. Such kinds are D.
aureum, D. X Cassiope, D. japonicum, D. x euosmum, the earliest batch
of D. nobile, and a few others. Attend to them and do whatever is required
in the matter of repotting or top dressing, but do not on any account hurry

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 59

them into quick growth by placing them in stove heat so early as this.
Give them but little water at the root, and allow them to remain in the cool
or intermediate temperature for some time to come—certainly not higher
than the latter—and the new growth will then progress slowly but sturdily,
the old pseudobulbs will become plump, and by-and-by, when the proper
time arrives, the new pseudobulbs will quickly develop long and stout.
The earliest to bloom of Dendrobium Wardianum should now, if they have
had proper winter quarters, be just coming on, and the new growths should
be about two or three inches long, perfectly green and healthy-looking.
Allow the blossoms to expand in the cool or intermediate temperature,
where they will come of more substance and of finer quality. After
blooming, allow these to remain also in the Cool house tor some time to
come. D. crassinode and D. primulinum will quickly follow, and the same
treatment applies to them. Be careful to keep all pretty short of water
until the season is farther advanced, or trouble will come in the shape of
the young growths damping off, and this with Dendrobes is a catastrophe
indeed, and must be avoided if possible.

CaTTLEyAs.—In this genus I am afraid I can foresee only too clearly
that for those who are fond of hunting there will be plenty of “ sport.”
Remember that those fine fat new growths which break so plentifully, but
prematurely, from Cattleya labiata during the autumn and winter—which
is, of course, two or three months before the natural time—are as likely as
not the direct result of the Cattleya fly. I would advise those who do not
know this pest and have valuable Cattleyas under their charge to be on
their guard. The repotting of Cattleya Triana may now be proceeded
with—that is to say, all those which have passed out of flower. Make a
point of getting the repotting as forward as possible, for as the season
advances there are many plants that require attention in this respect, and
all at the same time. In order to take time by the forelock in this respect
I have before now taken in hand Cattleya Mossiz and C. Mendelii and done
what repotting was necessary during the present month. If the plants are
perfectly healthy this root disturbance before the flowering period—if
carefully done and due attention given afterwards—has not such injurious
effects as it is generally supposed ; indeed, in many instances I believe it
has been more beneficial than repotting after blooming, because the season
is then far advanced, and the new roots which have for several weeks been
growing so luxuriantly are then broken and otherwise injured to such an
extent that a great check is given to the plants. Of course, to repot a
plant in doubtful health, and to allow it to bloom immediately afterwards,
would kill it beyond doubt. But then a plant in bad health should never
be allowed to bloom at all. As is well known to the readers of the Orchid
Review, I do not generally recommend the repotting of Cattleyas before

60 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

blooming, but still, if discretion is exercised, many may then be done.
C. Gaskelliana is just now pushing forth new growths, and the necessary
repotting should be delayed no longer. Do not repot unless there be
sufficient cause, otherwise the plant receives unnecessary injury.

The present is the very best time for the repotting of Masdevallias, as
they commence now to make the most healthy roots of the whole year, and
will quickly become re-established, and flower the better in their respective
seasons.

Disas having been wintered comparatively dry in the temperature of a
greenhouse, may now be given water a little more frequently. If kept free
from thrip and aphis they will make rapid headway, commencing to push
up their flower spikes to bloom about August.

Cypripediums are perhaps the easiest of all Orchids to cultivate, as they
manage to grow and do well in almost any temperature. The Intermediate
house, however, best suits the great majority. These having been kept
moderately dry during the winter, may now have water applied more freely.
Repotting should take place after blooming only. They do best in two parts
good lumpy peat to one of chopped sphagnum moss, intermixed with a few
small broken crocks and sharp silver sand.

This is a very good time for repotting Miltonia vexillaria, or the plants
may be left over until after blooming. If they are in good condition I
should prefer the latter, but if in doubtful health they may be done now
with good results, as the roots are now so active that they soon re-establish
themselves, and in a few weeks will show signs of improvement.

But few of the Cool house Orchids will require repotting this month.
A few, however, may be done at all seasons of the year. Each plant should
be taken in hand when it requires it, which is when flowering is past and
the new break appears from the base. There are, however, some exceptions,
and the genus Anguloa affords an example. These plants should be re-
potted now—which is, of course, before blooming—as the new growths and
flowers appear simultaneously.

It is now time to put up the summer blinds, so that they may be ready
for use. The early Spring sun is sometimes very powerful, and the plants
being somewhat tender, through having passed through a period of dull
weather, are rendered liable to injury. The blinds are also a great pro-
tection against the cold, piercing winds, which, coming as they frequently do
accompanied by bright sunshine, have the effect of drying the atmosphere
too much for the welfare of the plants. A good many leaves are often lost
through neglecting the blinds, especially after fumigating, and although

ichardson’s ‘“ Vaporiser” and McDougall’s “‘Fumers” are much less
_ injurious than was formerly the old tobacco paper, &c., yet I have seen
much damage done to the foliage, caused by the sun popping out brightly

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 61

the following morning after fumigation has taken place, whereas if the
blinds could have been run down it would have been avoided. The weather,
as before remarked, being so exceptional throughout the winter for its mild-
ness, it has been necessary to damp down but sparingly—in fact, many days
have passed by without a drop of water being put down. Should we, how-
ever, have a spell of hard, dry weather, the matter of supplying moisture
must be attended to, as the sudden change from a saturated atmosphere to
an excessively dry one is another source whereby during the early Spring
many leaves turn yellow and sickly, and ultimately are lost. The beauty of
an Orchid when not in bloom is its healthy green leaves, and as they are
also the main source of strength of the plant, every possible means should
be taken to preserve them.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND
ORCHID SOCIETY,

THE first meeting of the year was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester,
on the 13th January, 1898, when plants from ten exhibitors put in an
appearance, and two First-class Certificates, fourteen Awards of Merit,
and one Cultural Certificate were given.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens),
exhibited Odontoglossum X_ deltoglossum Stevensii, a very beautiful
form with distinct yellow margins round the petals and_ sepals;
Cypripedium X Sallieri, a very distinct yellow form with the white
margin usually found round the dorsal sepal entirely absent; and C. xX
Calypso; all of which obtained Awards of Merit.

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow (gr. Mr Hay), showed
Cypripedium X triumphans, with a very large flower, good in colour
(First-class Certificate) ; C. bellatulum album, with an exceptionally large
flower (First-class Certificate) ; the beautiful and rare albino, C. venustum
Measuresiaum (Award of Merit); C. x Leeanum giganteum, with four
flowers (Award of Merit); C. X Swinburnei magnificum (Award of Merit) ;
and Dendrobium Johnsoniz, with a spike of nine flowers.

A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse),
showed a yellow Cypripedium insigne, entered as Sandere. This plant
must have either been grown in great heat or have been a long time in
flower. The bloom was very small, poor in colour and the dorsal sepal
much twisted. The Committee did not recognise it as Sandere and it
obtained no Award. The same exhibitor also exhibited C. x Madame
Georges Truffaut, which obtained an Award of Merit.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson),

cn THE ORCHID REVIEW.

exhibited Cypripedium x Niobe (Award of Merit), C. x Ariadne, Ce
Calypso, C. X annamense and C. X Lathamianum.

John Leemann, Esq., West Bank House, Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge),
showed an interesting little group consisting of Odontoglossum crispum
(Award of Merit), Lycaste Skinneri, L. S. alba, Oncidium tigrinum,
Cypripedium xX Calypso, C. X Leeanum superbum, C. hirsutissimum,
C. xX Fascinator, C. x Fraseri, and C. xX Williamsianum.

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., West Point, Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod),
showed a very pretty Cypripedium seedling, named F. S. Roberts, one
of the parents being niveum and the other parent unknown; C. X
Swinburnei magnificum with flower rather on the small side, and
Lycaste Skinneri alba.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), staged a
good form of Cypripedium Argus with the spots on the petals very dark
and numerous (Award of Merit); C. insigne exquisitum, a distinct and
very pretty form with very large blotches on the dorsal sepal (Award of
Merit); C. x Lathamianum roseum, C. x L. giganteum, C. X Wal-
laertianum pallidum and C. X leucorrhodum.

Henry Greenwood, Esq., Highfield, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Spurr), showed
Dendrobium X Harold, a cross between D. Findlayanum and Linawianum,
which received an Award of Merit.

David Lord, Esq., Daisy Cottage, Stacksteads (gr. Mr. Swallow),
showed Cypripedium x Lathamianum giganteum (Award of Merit).

Mr. John Robson, The Downs, Altrincham, showed Cypripedium
insigne illustre, C. Boxallii atratum (Cultural Certificate), and C. X
Pollettianum, raised from the reverse cross (Award of Merit).

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THE first meeting of the year was held at the Drill Hall, James’ Street,
Westminster, on January 15th, when the following members of the Orchid
Committee were present :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. iF
O’Brien (Hon. Sec.), H. Ballantine, T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, 5.
Courtauld, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas, E. Hill, H. Little, T. Statter, and

- H. Young. The exhibits were not numerous, but four awards were
made, one of them to a most interesting group of cut flowers, consisting
chiefly of winter-blooming Cypripediums, a group of steadily increasing
value.

The coloured drawings of the Orchids certificated during 1897 were
_ submitted to the members of the Committee at this meeting, and, being
_ approved of, a resolution was passed to continue the work,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 63

Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. A. Chapman), exhibited
a beautiful stand of cut flowers, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was
given. It contained about fifty varieties of Cypripedium, some of them in
several examples, those most noteworthy being C. X Niobe and C. X N.
superbum, a fine series of C. X Leeanum varieties, the handsome C. X
Statterianum, a very good C. X radiosum, some fine forms of C. insigne,
including the beautiful yellow C-. i. citrinum, C. X cenanthum superbum,
C. X,Sallieri Hyeanum, C. xX Pitcherianum Williams’ variety, and some
beautiful forms of C. Charlesworthii. The group also contained some fine
spikes of Lelia autumnalis and several brightly-coloured Selenipediums.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke),
received an Award of Merit for the fine Lelia anceps, ‘‘ Crawshay’s
variety,” allied to Amesiana, but distinguished by its broader petals,
brighter purple tips to the sepals and petals, and the rich claret-coloured
markings on the front and side lobes of the lip.

Frau Ida Brandt, Zurich (gr. Mr. Schlecht), sent cut spikes of Lelia
autumnalis and Aérides Vandarum, the latter having been grown in a
Cool house.

Isaac Carr, Esq., Poolemeade, Tiverton-on-Avon, showed a good dark
form of Cypripedium xX apiculatum called Elspeth, and one of C. x
Adrastus called Gwendoline.

F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. T. Stafford),
sent Odontoglossum X Andersonianum, the handsome Cypripedium xX
Calypso, and a plant of C. insigne Sandere. Some doubts about the
identity of the latter were expressed last year, but the Committee agreed
that it was the true variety.

C. L. N. Ingram. Esq,, Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond),
showed a good form of Cypripedium x Schlesingerianum called Magnet
(C. insigne Chantinii x C. Boxallii).

F. W. Moore, Esq., Glasnevin, sent cut flowers of the remarkable
Masdevallia Schreederiana.

_ F. A. Rehder, Esq., The Avenue, Gipsy Hill (gr. Mr. Morris), sent
Cypripedium X Rehderianum (C. X Savageanum X C. purpuratum), a
pretty hybrid with rose-purple markings on the dorsal sepal.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton Nursery, showed a very pretty
group, including some good Odontoglossum crispum, O. Hallii, O. x
Andersonianum, a light form of O. xX Wilckeanum, Cypripedium x
Lathamianum, C. X Bellona, &c. An Award of Merit was given to
Cypripedium X F. S. Roberts, a very pretty hybrid, derived from C.
niveum and another parent unknown. It approaches C. x Cowleyanum in
general character, the flower being white flushed with light rose, lined with
rows of light purple dots on the dorsal sepal and petals, and the front of the

64 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

lip tinged with light rose-purple. | The precise parentage may be
ascertained by future experiments.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, also staged a very pretty group,
containing Lelia anceps Dawsoni, L. a. Sanderiana, L. a. Hilliana, and a
small dark variety called L. a. atrorubens, some good forms of Cypripedium
x Calypso, the beautiful Dendrobium Johnsoniz, D. x dulce Oakwood
variety, Lycaste Skinneri, and a beautiful variety of Cattleya Trianz called
Sander, with pearly white sepals and petals, and the front lobe of the lip
rich dark velvety purple, to which an Award of Merit was given.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CALANTHE X Harrtstt.—Gard. Mag., Jan. 22, p. 49, with fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM LEUCOCHILUM GODSEFFIANUM.—Garden, Jan. 15, p. 39,
with fig.

L#LIA AMESIANA CRAWSHAY’S VARIETY.—Gard. Chron., Jan. 22, p. 59,
fig. 22. This is a variety of Lelia anceps.

L&LIA ANCEPS VAR. Mrs. DE BARRI CRAWSHAY.—Journ. of — Hort.,
Jan. 20, p. 53, fig. 9.

L#LIA ANCEPS VIRGINALIS. —Journ. of Hort., Jan. 13, p. 29, fig. 5.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X DiIGBYANO-TRIANE.—Gard. Chron., Jan. 1, pp. 8, 9,
Re 0

PAPHIOPEDILUM VICTORIA-MARI&, Rolfe.—Bot. Mag., t. 7573.

RENANTHERA IMSCHOOTIANA, Rolfe.—Gard. Chron., Jan. 15, p. 40,
fig. 17.

SIEVKINGIA REICHENBACHIANA, Rolfe.—Bot. Mag., t. 7576.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in
some cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue.

G. D.. Ho, Catasetum (Erstedii and Lycaste leucantha.

W. J. R. Probably undeveloped Odontoglossum crispum.

R. H.M. Many thanks. Flower not yet to hand.

Photographs received with thanks. A. W. H., H. J. R., J. H., F.H.M, A. W. W.
W. M. A. and W. P. B. Next month.

ERRATUM.
A slip occurred in the reference on page 1 3, end of paragraph 1, where the word second
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MARCH, 1808.

THE

IRCHID REVIE

An Fllustrated Monthly Journal,

DEVOTED @=TO:“ORCHIDOLOG Y:

Contents.

Calendar of Operations for March ... 86 | | Notes

see

Cattleya Aclandiz alba en exe | Odontoglossum crispum, who dis. _

Cattleya Trianz varieties a 11 covered? ... Me sea tai

Correspondence, &c. ... ne ... 96 } Orchid Portraits ey ee

Cypripedium x F.S. aii pe ea | Orchids at the Royal Horticultural

‘Cypripedium 1 en ge ia cee toed .. | 96 |-> Society = oe
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VoL. VI.] MARCH, 1808. ‘No. 63.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Drill Hall, James’ Street, Westminster, during March, on the 8th and 22nd
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12
o'clock noon.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will also hold
two meetings during the month, on the roth and 24th, at the Coal
Exchange, Manchester. The Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the
exhibits are open to inspection an hour later.

We have received from the collection of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton
Grange, Stone, through Mr. Stevens, a splendid inflorescence of Cattleya
amethystoglossa, bearing seventeen fine flowers, forming quite a bouquet in
itself. The plant which produced it must have been very strong, for the
peduncle measures exactly half-an-inch in diameter, and thus it is a
splendid example of good culture. It gained a First-class Certificate at
Manchester for its size and colour.

Equally well developed is an _ inflorescence of Odontoglossum
luteopurpureum hystrix, with eighteen flowers of great size and substance,
and the beautiful O. X excellens spectabile, with broad round segments nicely
marked ona bright yellow ground.

Some interesting seedlings of Dendrobium nobile are sent by Mr.
Stafford from the collection of F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-
Mersey. They were obtained by crossing D. n. Hardy’s variety with the
pollen of D. n. Cooksonianum, and though they vary considerably
between themselves none of them have the blotch on the petals, as was

66 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the case with a similar cross previously recorded in our pages (iii., p. 168).
One is nearly white with a dark lip. The batch should be taken care of
awaiting further developments.

A flower of Odontoglossum X elegans comes from the same collection
with. very narrow acuminate segments, and a good Cattleya Percivaliana
with very richly coloured lip, both in the orange tube and in the dark
purple-crimson front lobes.

A flower of Cattleya Percivaliana sent from the collection of Richard
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, near Manchester, has an unusual development
of orange yellow on the lip, while the purple blotch in front is
correspondingly reduced. A good flower of the type is sent with it.

A fine four-flowered inflorescense of Lelia anceps Williamsii is sent
from the collection of W. H. Lumsden, Esq., of Balmeedie, Aberdeenshire,
by Mr. Roberts, together with a large well-coloured Cypripedium villosum
aureum.

Flowers of Cypripedium Bullenianum and C. Appletonianum are sent
from the collection of W. M. Appleton, Esq., of Weston-super-Mare. It is
curious how much alike the two are in the flowers, considering that the
former is Bornean and has very handsomely tessellated leaves, while the
latter is from Siam and has only obsure tessellations. There are, however,
certain floral differences.

Flowers of newly-raised seedlings of C. x Harrisianum, C. x
Schlesingerianum, and what is thought to be a large C. x radiosum are
also sent.

A very handsome form of Lycaste Skinneri is sent from the collection
of H. Greenwood, Esq., Haslingden, near Manchester, in which the petals
and lip are rich rose-purple, contrasting strongly with the light blush sepals,
and thus conforms to the variety roseo-purpurea.

A good form of Cypripedium x Sallieri is sent by Mr. John Robson,
of Altrincham, together with the handsome form of C. X euryandrum
known as The Duke.

A very pretty spotted form of Odontoglossum crispum is sent from the
collection of W. Vanner, Esq., of Chislehurst, by Mr. Robbins, which
resembles O. c. Cooksoni rather closely, also Selenipedium xX leucorrhodum,
and a beautiful light form of S. x pulchellum, the lightest which has
appeared, although it is not white.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 57

Flowers of the very rare and pretty Odontoglossum crinitum are sent
from the collection of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno, which
is remarkable for the hairy crest of the lip. A large well-grown flower of
Lycaste Skinneri is also enclosed.

We have received a most beautiful inflorescence of Odontoglossum x
Wilckeanum from the collection of D. Tod, Esq., Eastwood Park,
Giffnock, bearing fourteen large and very richly coloured flowers. Mr.
Hutchinson, the gardener, remarks that it was purchased from Messrs.
Hugh Low & Co., in 1881, and has increased in size and strength every
year. It is extremely beautiful.

Dendrobium X Andromeda is a very charming hybrid sent from
the collection of H. H. Bolton, Esq., of Newchurch, Manchester, by
Mr. Eastwood. It was obtained from a cross between D. xX Leechianum
and D. X Cassiope, and has pure white flowers with a very richly
coloured blotch on the lip.

A fine flower of Cypripedium callosum is sent from the collection
of E. F. Clarke, Esq., of Teignmouth, from a twin-flowered scape ; also
a good C. insigne sylhetense, and a seedling from the Selly Hill collection,
said to be derived from C. X Lathamianum x Spicerianum, but which
at present differs but little from the former.

A form of Cypripedium x Carnusianum has now been raised by
Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, of Upper Holloway, the parentage being C.
Spicerianum X Haynaldianum. One of the seedlings has recently flowered,
and is fairly intermediate in character. The scape is two-flowered.

THE LATE JEAN LINDEN.

THE entire number of La Semaine Horticole for February 12th is devoted
to a Memoir of the late M. Jean Linden, and includes a list of Orchids
introduced by him. It is a great pity that this list was not submitted to
revision by some competent person, for we find many names that are
of no standing whatever. For example, Lueddemannia Pescatorei,
Cycnoches Pescatorei, and C. Lindleyi, refer to one and the same
species, while C. musciferum is only a synonym of Polycycnis muscifera.
Lelio-cattleya Cauwenberghei, L.-c. Lindeni, and L.-c. Sayana, are all
forms of the well-known L.-c. x elegans, which appears a fourth time
as Lelia Owenie. Anguloa is represented by seven names, more than
the number of species contained in the genus. Six names appear under
Vanilla, four of which we are unable to trace, one is an ancient plant
whose identity is still unknown, and the remaining one (V. Phalznopsis)

68 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

is originally said to have been sent from the Seychelles by one M.
Bernard. Under Cattleya we find such spurious species as C. bogotensis,
C. elegantissima, and C. magnifica. Oncidium is represented by eighty-
seven names, twelve of which represent unknown plants, two or three
others we fail to trace, and three others are enumerated a second time
through their synonyms. Many names are mis-spelt. A correct record
of the species introduced by M. Linden would have been interesting—
we have such an one for the plants collected by him personally, in the
Orchidacee Lindeniane—but the present list is far from coming up to
such a standard.

THE USE OF THE SYRINGE IN ORCHID GROWING.

Some Orchid growers say that they never use a syringe, others, just the
reverse, use it too much, and both may fail to get their plants to grow
satisfactorily, but, as is usually the case, the most benefit will be found in
practising the happy medium. The uses of the syringe are various, and
everything depends on the time of year’ and the atmospheric conditions
outside the houses, but if, instead of generalising, we take one section of
Orchids it will give us a better idea of what benefit the use of the syringe
to that class is. We will, therefore, take the Odontoglossums, as they
usually require more water than most other Orchids. At,the beginning
of the year very little water will be required, except in frosty weather, when
the dry atmosphere caused by fire heat must be moistened by syringing
between the pots, under staging, &c. Also, I syringe, or rather, dew over-
head Cattleyas that have recently been potted, if they have no young
growths to keep them fresh, which I find better than so much root watering.

There is a Sprayer now sold for the purpose of spreading the moisture
like dew, and if not done too heavily the effect is more like that of a heavy
mist, and that is what Orchids like.

I have had one of these sprayers made in strong copper, knapsack shape
—which any strong lad can carry on his back—which has a strong air
pump worked by the left hand, and the sprayer is manipulated by the right
hand. Having a flexible tube and valve with brass pipe, it can easily be
turned any way under the leaves or over, and can be sent like the finest
spray or rain by using different nozzles. This article with us has
practically done away with the ordinary syringe, except for damping
between pots and under stages. We use it after a hot day amongst the
Odontoglossums, Cattleyas, and Dendrobiums; just before closing the
houses, we give them enough to moisten the leaves without allowing any to
run down into the young growths, and the plants seem to fairly revel in it.
_ These are practically the only times when syringing over-head is adopted.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 69

Heavy syringing instead of watering I never do, as there is the uncertainty
that plants which require the most water may have to go without, while
others that require little or none may get an overdose. The process is too
haphazard to be recommended, and often works much mischief. In
Orchid growing every individual plant wants its own special attention.

I may say that we use the same sprayer when we have any thrips
about. We put some liquid insecticide of a safe strength, and spray right
through the house, not giving it so heavy as to allow it to run off on to the
roots, but only sufficient to moisten the leaves, and it is astonishing how
soon thrips can be eradicated if this is done two or three times during the
growing season.

ee

[This article has been written, at our request, by one of our most success-
ful growers and exhibitors, who modestly withholds his name. An amateur
grower wrote to us pointing out that the widely different views expressed
by different people as to the use of the syringe were most perplexing. We
tender our best thanks to our esteemed correspondent, who has certainly
grasped the underlying principles in his practice. We shall be glad to
have the experience of others on this question.—Ep.

THE RAISING OF RARE ORCHIDS FROM SEED.

THE question of raising rare species of Orchids from seed has been
mentioned in these pages on several occasions, and the following notes
of a discussion on the subject which took place in 1882, besides being
interesting in themselves, will show that the question is not by any
means a new one.

Speaking of the rarity of certain species of Orchids and the high
prices they commanded, Mr. James Douglas advised raising them from
seed, and mentioned Cypripedium Spicerianum, C. Stonei platytenium
and Cattleya labiata, as plants then worth fifty to one hundred guineas
each.—Gard. Chron., 1882, xvii., p. 16.

“H. C., Forest Farm, Windsor Forest,’ replied with respect to
Cypripedium Stonei platytenium that the question had occupied Mr.
Day’s special attention, but upon the advice of his skilful gardener, he had
wisely left it alone, because producing seed was well known to bring
distress and sometimes even death to very healthy plants. In Sir Trevor
Lawrence’s collection, however, at Burford, he had seen this variety
bearing a fine seed pod, as a result of crossing with its own pollen, and
as Mr. Spyers believed it to be ‘‘a monstrosity produced by seed from

Jo THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the ordinary Stonei,” it would be a very anxious time until the flowering
of the seedlings, and it would also be interesting to know if any
degenerated, and so produced the true form of Stonei (J.c., p. 49).

Mr. Douglas then questioned if producing seed was so very injurious
to healthy plants, for it was their nature to bear seed and propagate
their species, and he had ripened many seed pods on Cypripediums
without injuring them (/.c., p. 82).

“H.C.” finally replied that he had the good fortune to spend three
years at Tottenham before the dispersal of Mr. Day’s collection, during
which time he had much to do with seedlings and hybridising, for both
Mr. Day and his gardener were enthusiastic hybridists, and that he had
seen numerous cases of plants being weakened by seed-bearing (several
examples being mentioned). Finally he might give verbatim his present
employer’s views, who was a great lover of Orchids, and a most thorough
hybridist (the late Mr. John C. Bowring) :—‘“I have myself lost numerous
plants, including a fine variety of Anguloa eburnea, and a good plant ot
the rare Cypripedium Fairrieanum”’ (l.c. p. 222).

It would be interesting to know if anything came of the seed-pod of
Cypripedium Stonei platytenium above mentioned, also of any further
experiments with C. Fairrieanum, which we believe has never been
successfully used as the seed parent. The re-introduction of C. Spicer-
ianum and Cattleya labiata has, of course, completely altered the aspect
of the question with regard to them, but unless we are much mistaken,
seedlings of the former have been raised, though they were supposed
to be hybrids until they flowered.

++

PAPHIOPEDIUM x DEEDMANIANUM.

WE have now received from Mr. W. B. Latham, of the Birmingham
Botanical Gardens, a flower of this very interesting hybrid, which was
figured at page 49 of our last issue, and it quite bears out the remarks then
made by Mr. Wills. Considering that P. Chamberlainianum was the
pollen parent, it is remarkable how much it resembles that species in
character, the shape of the dorsal sepal showing perhaps the most distinct
influence of P. Spicerianum. But even here the influence of the other
parent is seen, in the white being modified to cream yellow. The green and
brown mottling of the petals and base of the dorsal sepal are well shown in
the figure, and the colour has already been described. We anticipate that
it will develop into a very beautiful plant. It will be seen from an
advertisement on another page that the Society has a few plants to
dispose of.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 71
CATTLEYA TRIANZ VARIETIES.

THE popular and variable Cattleya Triane has been flowering in all its glory
during the month of February, and the following notes are taken from a
series of flowers sent by esteemed correspondents, and supplement to
some extent the account given in our third volume (pages 114-119), where
we attempted to give a classified list of the different varieties which have
been described.

A series of six particularly fine forms are sent from the collection of’
Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno (gr. Mr. Axtell), whose
development and brilliant colour testify to the excellent treatment they
receive, on which point Mr. Broome remarks :—‘‘ I am an old grower, and
superintend myself, and endeavour to impress my gardener with the
necessity of intelligent ventilation, watering, heat, moisture, light, &c., or
he cannot have large and handsome flowers. Plants will grow and do
well for those who cherish them; of that I am sure, and have proved.”
This is another and better way of putting an old saying that ‘ Orchids
know those who treat them well,” and certainly nothing could be more
eloquent on this point than the flowers now received.

The first is magnificent, both in form and colour. In shape the breadth
and undulation of the segments, with their graceful pose, it closely
resembles C. T. Arkleana, figured at page 81 of our fourth volume, but the
flower is larger and quite different in colour. The sepals and petals are
bright rosy mauve, the latter being 34 inches long by 23 inches broad.
The tube of the lip is rather deeper in colour, and the front lobe of a
nearly uniform shade of brilliant amethyst, rather darker in front of the
orange-yellow disc, which is reduced to a broad V-shaped band. The
flower is also of exceptional substance. We refer it to the variety
magnifica. It is not the famed Osmanii, being different in colour, and if
the two published plates of that are reliable it is superior in shape.

The second form is larger, the petals being four inches long, but
scarcely any broader, and the colour, as also of the sepals, blush-pink,
while the lip may be described as typical in shape and colour, but corres-
pondingly large.

A third is practically identical with the variety REINE DES BELGEs,
mentioned below, but is decidedly larger, the petals measuring 3% by 2%
inches.

A fourth is remarkable for possessing a narrow white band which
extends between the yellow disc and the narrow rosy margin of the side
lobes, while the front lobe is bright amethyst. The sepals and petals are
light blush. It corresponds pretty closely to the variety ZONATA, described
at page 72 of our last volume.

72 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The next is a large, well-formed, blush pink or warm lilac flower,
slightly darker on the lip, and corresponds to the variety PENELOPE.

The remaining flower may be described as a large and well-developed
form of the type.

From the collection of F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey
(gr. Mr. Stafford), comes an excellent example of the beautiful variety ALBA,
from a recent importation, together with a second not quite its equal in
some respects ; also the two following :—

C. T. REINE DEs BELGEs is characterised by the brilliant cerise-crimson
of the front lobe of the lip, which extends round to where the side lobes
meet to form the tube. The sepals and petals are bright rosy mauve, the
latter measuring 24 inches broad. Both form and colour are very good.

The remaining one is from another imported piece, and is of excellent
form and substance, rather smaller than magnifica, and the lip not of such
intensity of colour. It may improve with culture.

From the collection of W. S. M’Millan, Esq., Maghull, Liverpool (gr.
Mr. Robertson), comes two good forms; one referred to TRICOLOR, with the
front of the lip very deep rich crimson-purple, and separated from the -
yellow disc by a small interval which is white, like the rest of the flower.
The second has a fine feathered blotch at the apex of the petals, and in
other respects conforms to BACKHOUSEANA. These should be taken care of.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, also sends two very pretty forms, the
first belonging to the Dodgsoni type, being a large well-formed white flower,
but the lip perhaps not fully developed, and the front lobe of a rosy crimson
shade. The second does not conform to anything which we know, the light
blush petals being irregularly splashed all over with blush pink markings,
and the side lobes of the lip dark, and irregularly marked with rosy purple,
while the front lobe is rich amethyst. This may be called var. MARMORATA. ~

C. T. Suipway# is a beautiful lilac-purple variety, of which we have
received a flower from the collection of Col. Shipway, of Grove Park,
Chiswick. The flower is of nearly uniform tint throughout, with the
exception of the yellow throat, though the front of the lip is a little darker
than the sepals and petals. The first flower was rather small, but one
which has appeared on another plant is far larger, though identical in colour.

Mrs. Hollond, Wonham, Bampton, N. Devon, sends a most beautiful
C. T. DELICATA, large, and perfect in shape and colour.

From the collection of John W. Arkle, Esq., West Derby, Liverpool,
come several good flowers, including a small C. T. BACKHOUSEANA and a
good C. T. Suipwayz. Mr. Arkle writes that C. T. ARKLEANA (ante, ili.,
P- 103, iv., p. 81, fig. 5) is again in flower, and eclipses everything else in
the collection. The variety regalis, since described and figured (Lindenia,

sli., p. 8, t. 530, fig. 2), is synonymous. de:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 73

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

Wir the advent of March we expect to have our first really fine days. It
is, IN some respects, the beginning of Spring, and this year especially we
have been favoured with avery mild winter, a condition of things which is
certainly beneficial to Orchids. Our Orchid houses are again assuming
their Spring dress, and what a fine display of flowers we already have!
The Cool house is gaily decorated with those handsome Ceelogynes and
Odontoglossums, and Cymbidiums are rapidly flowering. In the Cattleya
house, shining as bright as stars, we find the beautiful Cattleyas Trianz and
Percivaliana, and the brilliant Lelia harpophylla, which contrasts strongly
with the green foliage of the plants. The Warm house now gives us entire
satisfaction, as those numerous Dendrobes are flowering successively.

It is certainly very pleasant to note the flowers which March brings into
our collections. It is during this month that we generally have in flower
those pretty Angreecums, A. citratum with its delicate pale yellow blossoms
—it is a great pity that this plant presents such difficulties in regard to its
culture—A, fastuosum, a dwarf and pretty Madagascar species, and the very
rare A, Germinyanum, which will also appear. The genus Phalzenopsis also
contributes some of our choicest gems, for P. amabilis, P. Aphrodite, P.
Schilleriana, and P. Stuartiana are all opening their delicate blossoms,
together with P. tetraspis and the rare little P. Parishii. Some late
Catasetums are also showing their curious flowers. CC. discolor and C.
macrocarpum, with their flowers reversed in the same way as Odontoglossum
pulchellum, are both interesting.

Cypripediums are always pleasant to see, and the foliage alone of some
species would ensure their culture. We have already a beautiful show.
Most of them flowered during the preceding month, but as they have the
great advantage of remaining in a perfect condition for several weeks, they
will also last for a part of this month. A few others are now in bud,
including C. x Harrisianum, C. xX Swanianum, and C. Mastersianum,
which has only recently become at all common. C. concolor is really a
pretty little species, but very difficult to cultivate. C. barbatum is very
handsome, and, though an old species, is always welcome. C. virens is a
curious Bornean species which grows and flowers very freely, and C.
Hookere is now also in bloom.

March is the best month of the year for Dendrobiums, for we have now
combined the winter and spring-flowering ones. Their colours, like the
number of varieties, are very numerous, from the brightest purple of D.
nobile Sanderianum to the delicate tint of D. Devonianum, besides which
we have the golden yellow of D. aggregatum and chrysotoxum. D.
Farmeri is well worth growing, and, like D. Hildebrandii, will soon be ip

74 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

flower. D. Kingianum, in both its rose-coloured and white forms, will
remain fresh for another two or three weeks. D. moniliforme is one of the
earliest, and is very pretty. D. ochreatum, D. pulchellum (Dalhousianum),
D. secundum, and D. transparens are all expected during the month,
together with the curious pendulous D. teretifolium.

Diacrum bicornutum will soon show us its beautiful white, scented
flowers which last several weeks. Unfortunately this plant is very difficult
to grow, but we find that it thrives best in the warmest house, and the
nearer the glass the better. Epidendrums are scarcely yet in season, but E.
Linkianum and E. Parkinsonianum are two pretty Mexican species which
will show us their buds during the month, while E. evectum, with its long
bulbs, is nearly open, and will remain in flower for three or four months.
E. Wallisii is also open ; Oncidium luridum, too, is sending up its spikes.
Eulophiella Elizabethe, which is, no doubt, one of the most beautiful
Orchids of the Warm department, is now sending forth its strong spikes,
and when in flower is one of the most charming objects in the house.
Miltonia Roezlii and M. Phalznopsis are two handsome species which we
must not forget to mention.

Odontoglossums in the Cool-house are now forming the most charming
display. The numerous spikes of O. crispum and Pescatorei are associated
with O. Edwardii, Hallii, triumphans, cirrhosum, luteopurpureum, and
the brilliantly-coloured O. retusum. Amongst Oncidiums several showy
species are now sending up their many spikes, chiefly O. sarcodes, the
beautiful O. macranthum, serratum, and Lucasianum, some of which are
beginning to show their buds. The old Ada aurantiaca is now blooming,
and it is really one of the richest coloured species of the Cool-house.
Arpophylhum spicatum and medium are showing their spikes, and several
Bletias are blooming, B. hyacinthina, the closely allied B. gebina, and B.
verucunda, a distinct West Indian species. Cattleya citrina is now sending
out its first buds, which will not open till the end of the month.

The handsome Ccelogyne cristata will remain in flower for several
weeks ; its varieties alba and Lemoniana generally flower a little later.
C. carinata, elata, and speciosa are also blooming and are quite characteristic.
Cymbidium Lowianum and C. madidum, a curious Australian species, are
now in full bloom, while C. tigrinum is also pushing its spikes, and will
most probably be in flower about the middle ofthe month. Lycaste cruenta
is also in bloom, with its fine yellow colour, and L. mesochlena will soon
appear, while the curious Colax jugosus is also out. . A few Masdevallias are
also in flower, the beautiful M. Chimera, with its varieties Backhouseana
and Wallisii being particularly worthy of mention. Maxillarias, too, are in
season, those already in flower being M. aciantha, acutipetala, luteo-alba,
meleagris, a sherbet while others are coming forward. The pretty

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 75
little Sophronitis cernua is showing its flowers, and close to it we still see
the brilliant S. grandiflora. The old Zygopetalum crinitum will soon be out,
and will remain good for several weeks if kept in the dry.

Many botanical species will appear during the month, some of which
are not generally known, still a few species are worthy of mention, Restrepia
pandurata and R. Shuttleworthii, for example, are both pretty little species.
Pelexia olivacea with its handsome foliage is both free blooming and easily
grown. Certain Erias may also be seen, as E. confusa, E. cristata, and E.
flava. Several Pleurothallis are flowering, and a few deserve to be more
generally grown, being graceful and very floriferous, as P. gelida and
longissima for example. A few species of Stelis are also in bloom, and
have the peculiarity of closing their flowers at certain times of the day.

We know perfectly well that several interesting things have been omitted,
but we cannot mention everything within the space allotted to us. A more
complete account of the numerous hybrids in season might have been
included, as, in the aggregate, they hold a very prominent place in
collections, but many of them are not yet common enough to be generally
cultivated. .

ODONTO.

CYPRIPEDIUM x F. S. ROBERTS.

WE have received from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. the flower of the
beautiful Cypripedium x F. S. Roberts, to which an Award of Merit was
given by the Royal Horticultural Society on January 15th last. It was
mentioned at page 63 that the second parent was doubtful, but Messrs.
Low remark that it is suspected to have been C. ciliolare, and this would
make the hybrid a variety of C. Aylingii. Unless there is a definite record
we should suspect it to have been C. x Curtisii, for so far as we can see on
comparison it has all the essential characters, and may be considered a
variety of C. x Cowleyanum. The innumerable purple dots extend right
to the apex of the petals, and the other characters are equally in agreement.
The one other possible combination, C. niveum with C. superbiens, has
also been made, resulting in C. Xx Georgianum, which we believe differs
somewhat from the present one. The present variety is very beautiful,
both in form and colour, but we must adhere to the practice of keeping all
the different seedlings between the same two species under the same name,
using a varietal name when necessary. We hope to have the doubtful
point about the present plant cleared up as other seedlings flower. We
learn that the plant received a First-class Certificate at the meeting of the
Manchester Orchid Society on January 15th, a fact which was accidentally
omitted from our report.

76 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE MEASURESIA.

THIs is a very beautiful, and at the same a rather mysterious plant, of
which we have received a flower from the collection of R. H. Measures,
Esq., The Woodlands, Streatham, together with the following note
respecting its origin. Mr. Coles, Mr. Measures’ gardener, went down
to St. Albans, and there saw a small importation of the so-called C.
insigne montanum, collected further afield than any previous lot. From
these he selected all that he cared to (the small balance is believed to
have gone to the United States), and out of them has flowered C.
hirsutissimum, some distinct forms of C. insigne, one of them more
highly coloured than any seen before, with the leaves mottled like C.
Chamberlainianum, but much fainter; others with a twist in the dorsal
sepal, certainly like C. x Arthurianum, and last, but not least, the
present one. In several respects this flower resembles an albino of C.
x Leeanum, especially in the shape of the large white dorsal sepal,
reflexed at the sides near the base, while the central part of the base
alone is greenish yellow. The petals are greenish yellow, rather broad,
and undulate on the upper margin, and the lip greenish yellow, slightly
suffused in front with light brown. It is certainly different from any form
of insigne which we have seen. Mr. Measures describes it as quite a new
departure in the insignes; and in reply to an enquiry whether it could
not be an artificial hybrid, perhaps a form of Leeanum, he said it was
in the highest degree improbable, for the plants were not potted even,
and it was certainly one out of this batch. There remains, however, .
something to be explained. A natural hybrid Leeanum seems unlikely,
for we have no evidence that insigne and Spicerianum grow together.
Then if those like Arthurianum are really that hybrid, it would suggest
that somewhere the much sought-for C. Fairrieanum grows with C.
insigne. C. hirsutissimum we know is Himalayan, but how it came to
be an importation of C. insigne we cannot at present explain. We hope
to see these doubtful Arthurianums on a future occasion, and should be
much obliged for any facts bearing on the question. A Cypripedium
exhibited at the last meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society by
Mr. Thos. Duck, of Abbey Wood, which is mentioned on another page,
has some interest in this connection, for it is said to have been imported
with C. insigne montanum, but more resembled a small light-coloured
C. X Leeanum. Several possible explanations suggest themselves, but
we prefer to leave the whole question for the present. Further evidence
will probably be forthcoming another season.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 77

ORCHIDS IN THE LAW COURTS.
ASHWORTH v. WELLS.

In the Court of Appeal on Monday, r4th February, before Lord
Justices A. L. Smith, Chitty and Collins, the case of Ashworth v. Wells
again came on for hearing. It was an appeal against the decision of
Justices Day and Lawrence, as reported on page 50 of our last iss 1e.

Mr. Russell, 0.C., and Mr. Tipping, instructed by Mr. G. Shorland
Ball, were for the plaintiff, and Mr. Lush, instructed by Messrs. Grundy,
Kershaw and Co., for the defendant.

Lord Justice A. L. Smith was of opinion that in this case judgment
should be entered for the plaintiff for £50, and gave his reasons as follows :
There was a sale of Orchids in June, 1895, and it was admitted that the*
defendant gave a warranty with regard to a certain Orchid which was
called “Cattleya Aclandiz alba, seven bulbs, three leaves-—only known
plant.” It was conceded that a purple Orchid of this class was common,
but that a white one was not only extremely rare, but was unknown. Mr.
Wells gave a warranty that this was a white Orchid of that class, and that
point was conceded. The plaintiff, who was a large Orchid grower,
attended the sale, with others, and on the faith of that warranty he bought
the Orchid in question, and gave 20 guineas for it. It had been proved -
that if the plant had been a purple instead of a white Orchid of its class it
would have been worth 7s. 6d. Now the first question arising was what
was the nature of the warranty which was given in that catalogue. It was
conceded by the defendant that the plant was warranted, and the question
was, what was warranted? In his opinion the true meaning of that clause
in the catalogue relating to this plant was this: that it was a warranty by
Mr. Wells that when it flowered it should flower white. There was no
warranty that it should flower, or that it should live, but that when it
flowered it should flower white. That being, in his judgment, the warranty
which was given, what happened was this: Mr. Ashworth bought the
plant, and gave 20 guineas for it ; he had to wait for what he would call the
natural course of events, namely, for this Orchid to flower. It was not
suggested by the evidence at the trial that anything out of the natural
course of events would cause it to do otherwise than to flower, and in two
years it did flower, and then it was found not according to warranty, but
had a purple instead of a white flower. Complaint was thereupon made.
An action was brought in the County Court, where the limit was £50. The
defendant paid in the 20 guineas which the plaintiff paid for the plant, he
paid in some small sum besides—he thought a couple of guineas—and he
paid also the costs of the plaintiff, and he believed Mr. Russell said also the
hearing fee—at any rate he paid some small costs in—but the substantial

78 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

part of his case is that he paid the price, the 20 guineas, which Mr.
Ashworth paid for the plant, and put his foot down and said “* You are not
entitled to more.”” The question was whether in law upon this proved
breach of warranty the plaintiff was entitled to any damages besides the 20
guineas? The learned County Court Judge held that he was not entitled
to damages outside the 20 guineas. His brethren in the Court below,
somewhat differing in their reasons, had sent the case down for a new trial.
He was of opinion that, with the materials before them, this case should
not go down for a new trial, but that judgment should be entered for the
plaintiff for the sum of £50.

Now there was an over-bearing body of evidence given at the trial by
Orchid growers who were called, that this white Orchid, if it were a white
Orchid, was worth 100 guineas. No one could tell at the sale whether it
was a white Orchid or not, except Mr. Wells himself, who was possessed of
the plant, and Mr. Wells gave a warranty that it was a white Orchid. The
plaintiff had to wait the natural course of events to find out whether the
warranty was true, and, when the blossoms came, it was found that the
warranty had been broken.

Now what were the damages which the plaintiff was entitled to recover
for this breach of warranty? It was said that he was only entitled to
recover the damages which he could show at the date when the warranty
was delivered and the plant was delivered. In many cases—probably in
eighteen out of twenty—it would be so, but in a case like this, in his
judgment, the plaintiff was entitled to prove that he suffered damages ultra,
and to wait until the time arrived at which he could prove, and then only
could prove, that the warranty had been broken—at which date he could
ascertain the damages which he had incurred. It was said that the damages
were 20 guineas and nothing more, and it was said that that was the ruling
factor in the case, because this Orchid was bought upon a warranty at
auction, and being put up to competition that was the market value of the
Orchid. In his judgment for such a plant as this there was no market at
all, and no market value at all ; and whether or not this auction was any
criterion of market value, there being none at all, he very much doubted,
seeing that one or two of the witnesses who were called by the plaintiff, who
deposed to the fact that this Orchid was worth 100 guineas, when asked
whether they attended the auction to buy, said that they did not. Others
said they did, and did not bid as regards this Orchid because they did not
like it, and did not believe in it. He did not believe himself that the
auction price was the ruling factor even if that were material in this case.
Now what has the learned Judge found? He has found, “I hold as a fact
that if this Orchid had been an actual alba it was, at the time of the sale,
worth more than £50.” Of course he did not want to go further than

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 79

that, because that was the limit of his jurisdiction. Now if the case had
stopped there it seemed to him self-evident that the learned Judge ought to
have entered upon that finding which he did come to, namely, that at the
time of sale it was worth more than £50, judgment for the plaintiff for that
amount. But the learned Judge went on, and here he thought he misdirected
himself—‘ But that until it showed its real nature there was no probability
that an Orchid grower would give more than 20 guineas for it.” But what
was the warranty? The warranty was, in his judgment, that when that
Orchid bloomed, it should have a white blossom and not a purple one,
Very well, what were the damages? It was a mistake to say that what he
gave for this plant unbloomed two years before was any criterion of the
direct loss which the plaintiff had snstained by reason of the breach of
the warranty given, which was that when it did bloom it should bloom
white and not purple. For these reasons he thought judgment ought to be
entered for the plaintiff for £50, and that this Appeal must be dismissed.

Lord Justice Chitty was of the same opinion. It was admitted that
there was a warranty, and so soon as it was ascertained what the warranty
was, all difficulty in the case vanished. Now, in his opinion, the warranty
was that this was the only known plant, and that if the flower once came
forth from these bulbs, or the leaves, it would be white. Now, at the end of
two years, the plaintiff had ascertained that in the course of nature the
plant produced a purple and not a white flower. This was a warranty in
regard to a future event, and it seemed to him to be an error to try and
apply the principle which is the one applicable in ordinary cases, of a sale
on the market. This being a special warranty, he thought, the plaintiff
had shown a special damage, that instead of getting that which he con-
tracted for on the warranty, he had got an inferior article.

When the evidence was properly examined for the purposes of the
question of law, it was shown that the witnesses called, of whom there were
many, did not bid in opposition to the plaintiff, and the reason why they did
not bid was explained by them—that they had no faith in the warranty,
they had an opinion about it, and that though Mr. Wells, the defendant,
considered this unknown thing a_ white Cattleya, it would never
prove to be such. The plaintiff, on the other hand, relied, as he was
entitled to do, upon the warranty. He thought that the finding of
the County Court Judge practically disposed of the question, but he
agreed that there was some difficulty caused by the words which
followed. “But until it showed its real nature there was no_ proba-
bility that an Orchid grower would give more than 20 guineas for it.”
He thought that was a rider added to that which he had already found, and
that he was there pointing to the fact that no more than 20 guineas was
obtained at that particular auction. He thought it would be right, in

80 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

assessing the damages, to take into consideration the uncertainty whether
the bulb would ever flower at all, but in this case the plaintiff was well
within his right and, according to the warranty,-as he understood it, he was
justified in waiting until that which was uncertain was proved to be certain.
In fact, he never could have sued, in his opinion, with any chance of success
on this warranty until the fact was ascertained that it turned out to be
purple and not white. For these reasons he agreed in the judgment
which had been delivered by his learned brother.

Lord Justice Collins agreed in the main with what had fallen from his
learned brethren, but had some misgivings as to whether the learned
County Court Judge had made any mistake in this matter. It must be
remembered that on questions of fact the decision of the learned Judge was
final, and they had no right to review it, therefore unless one was satisfied
that he had arrived at his finding of fact through the medium of a mis-
direction or a misconception of the law, he thought they had no right to
question him, and he was not altogether free from doubt himself as to
whether the learned Judge did not in point of fact direct himself properly.
He quite agreed that the warranty here was that this plant if it flowered
should produce a white flower, and it seemed to him the principle of law
on which the damages were to be assessed on a breach of such a warranty
was clear enough. He agreed it was possible that the first part of the
paragraph in which the learned Judge gave his opinion was that which he
acted upon—the possible market price for it was the only part that he could
act upon, namely this “‘I hold as a fact that if this Orchid had been an
actual alba it was at the time of sale worth more than £50.’ He rather
took the succeeding part“ But that until it showed its real nature there
was no probability that an Orchid grower would give more than 20 guineas
for it,”’—as qualifying that. He thought if there was a difference between
those two articles—the article with the possibility and the article with the
certainty—it was for the learned Judge on the evidence to assess the
difference between the two, and he was not satisfied he had done more
than that in this case. If he had done no more he did not think they
could interfere with the decision. At the same time he was not sufficiently
clear, particularly in view of his brothers’ opinion on the matter, that he
had distinguished those two possible views, and he was satisfied on the
evidence, if he had been at liberty to go into it, that in giving £50 to the
plaintiff they were not really giving him more than he himself should have
given him on the evidence. Therefore he thought no injustice was done,
and he did not differ from the decision of his brothers in the matter.

The Appeal was therefore dismissed, judgment being given for the
plaintiff for £50, with the costs here, and of the Court below, together with
the costs of the trial.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 81

DENDROBIUM HARVEYANUM.

THE beautiful Dendrobium Harveyanum, represented in our present
illustration, is one of the rarest and most remarkable species in cultivation,
‘and presents the unique feature of having the petals broadly fringed with
branching filaments, much like those found upon the lip of D. Brymerianum.
The lip, too, is fringed, but not to anything like the extent seen in the
petals. The species is a native of Burma, and was introduced by the
Liverpool Horticultural Co., and flowered for the first time in Europe in the
‘collection of the late Enoch Harvey, Esq., of Aigburth, Liverpool, in 1883,
when it was described by Reichenbach (Gard. Chron., 1883, xix., p. 624) as

a very fine surprise, which recalled D. capillipes in habit, with a dash of

Fig. 3. DENDROBIUM HARVEYANUM.

D. Brymerianum in the lip, and gloriously fringed petals, which at first
made him think of some peloria, though the lip and column being normal
suggested its being a good species, and such, indeed, it has proved. The
pseudobulbs are fusiform in shape, and three to six inches long, and the
leaves (partly shown in our figure) are half as long as the bulbs, or longer,
for Reichenbach afterwards described them as six inches long. The
racemes are short, and bear from three to eight flowers; the latter number
we have seen in a specimen from Baron Schréder's collection, The colour
of the flowers is very deep yellow, without any markings, and their shape
is well shown in the above figure, It belongs to the section Holochrysa,

82 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

but it is not easy to say which is its nearest ally. It has been suggested
that it probably originated as a sport or abnormal form, perhaps from
D. Brymerianum, but we fail to see any evidence of this. The fringes
Suggest an affinity with the latter, but the habit and bracts are very
different. The resemblance to D. capillipes is confined chiefly to habit,
besides which it is much more robust, more racemose, and has larger
flowers. In the bracts it closely resembles D. fimbriatum, as well as in the
character of the lip, and although that has much longer bulbs, it is probably
more nearly related to D. Harveyanum than those previously mentioned.
Our figure is reproduced from a photograph of a plant in the collection of
the Rev. F. D. Horner, Lowfields, Burton-in-Lonsdale, kindly sent through
Mr. Eichel, of Bradford. So far as we know, the plant has only once
previously been figured, in the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1894, Xvi., p. 593,
fig. 76), we believe, from the self-same photograph, though the engraver has
not reproduced the fringes accurately. The present illustration is an
absolute fac-simile of the photograph, absolutely untouched by hand, and
shows well the remarkable character of the flowers. The lower part of the
photograph was omitted, and it will give an idea of the size of the pseudo-
bulbs when we state that from the lower part of our figure to the base of the
plant is exactly 23 inches. The line up the centre of the illustration is one
of the wires by which the basket was suspended. The peduncle arises from
the back of the left-hand pseudobulb, and may be seen below the lip of the
left-hand flower. As regards culture, it is only necessary to add that the
plant succeeds under the same treatment as other Burmese species of the
same section of the genus.

THE MANURING OF ORCHIDS.

Ir any proof is necessary that these so-called “ Air plants’ require
something more than the normal constituents of the atmosphere for their
continued existence it is surely furnished in the reports which have appeared
in your colums of the analysis of Cattleya flowers, and the development of
aérial roots when the conditions are favourable is further evidence in the
same direction.

Mr. Wrigley’s communications on the use of a soot and lime mixture
are especially interesting, and point toa cheap and apparently effective
means of supplying at least the nitrogenous element, but it will be apparent
to those who are acquainted with the volatile character of ammonia that
in mixing the ingredients with water and leaving them for days prior to use,
only covered with a cloth (presumably outside the houses), he is wasting the
greater part of this food.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 83

With the object of testing this matter the following series of
experiments were instituted. A definite quantity of a mixture of equal
parts of ordinary soot and calcium hydrate (slaked lime) was placed in
three test tubes, each covered with a glass slip, to the under side of which
adhered a moistened piece of red litmus paper. The paper was changed
every morning and its condition carefully noted.

No. I. tube contained the dry mixture.

No. II. the soot and lime wetted to the consistency of paste.

No. III. had four times as much water added.

The paper in No. I. was practically unaffected during the fortnight
covered by the tests, and probably if moisture had been altogether absent
it would have been completely so.

The time required for the litmus paper in Nos. II. and III. to entirely
change to a blue colour, indicating the presence of the gas, varied from
about two minutes from the commencement of the experiments, to half an
hour and an hour respectively at the end, showing that a gradual but
diminishing quantity was given off each day.

The temperature of the room was about 63 degrees throughout, but it
is probable that in greater heat, such as is maintained in a stove house, the
gas would have been more rapidly but less lastingly evolved.

A curious point observed afterwards, when water was mixed with No. 1,
was that the paper im a few seconds showed the presence of the alkali,
indicating that the properties of the mixture were not merely dormant but
increasingly active.

I gather from these experiments that the dry mixture of soot and lime
preserves its power of giving off ammonia, when wetted, for a considerable
period, and that this evolution is extended in a decreasing amount over
several days. I intend during the coming growing season to give the use of
it a trial in my small general collection, by spreading the dry mixture on
the cinder-covered stages, and leaving the usual ‘‘ damping down ”’ to supply
the requisite moisture.

Liverpool. F. H. Moore.

‘This experiment is very instructive. We have long thought that
mixing the ingredients in a tub with water was unnecessary labour, as these
might be mixed dry, and a handful sprinkled occasionally over the cinders
when damping down, and the moisture of the house would do the rest.
The waste of the gas affords an additional argument. Do not overdo it by
using too much. A little and often is probably a safe rule to follow, and the
season when it is likely to do most good is when active growth is taking
place.—Eb.| |

84 : THE ORCHID REVIEW.

WHO DISCOVERED ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM ?

Ir has recently been stated that the late M. J. Linden was the joint
discoverer with Hartweg of our popular Odontoglossum crispum, but
in your Obituary notice of the former at page 43, you make no mention
of the circumstance, and as it does not accord with the early records
it would be interesting to know what are the real facts of the case.
ga

We knew of the story, which was only omitted because after consider-
able trouble we failed to verify it. So far as we have been been able to
ascertain, it originated in 1885, in the Lindenia (vol. I, page 102), as
follows :—‘ L’Odontoglossum crispum fut découvert in 1842, simultanément
par Hartweg et J. Linden dans la Nouvelle Grenade, pres des villages de
Pacho et de Zipaquira dans la province de Bogota. Ces deux voyageurs
se trouverant dans ces parages en méme temps,” &c. This plant, however,
is not included in the Orchidacee Lindeniane, nor is it mentioned by M.
Linden in the account of his travels, written by himself, and published
in 1846 (Ann. de Soc. Roy. d’Agr. et de Bot. de Gand, ii, pp. 205-220, 259-272),
together with a table showing the total number of species of plants collected,
arranged under ten different geographical headings. This table gives
the total number of Orchids collected as 183, of which seven were collected
at Bogota. And their names may be ascertained from the Orchidacee
Lindentana, as follows:—‘ Pleurothallis bogotensis, P. chloroleuca, Restrepia
maculata, Masdevallia coriacea, M. cucullata, Epidendrum torquatum, and
Schomburgkia undulata.” Neither is there any evidence, either in the
account just mentioned or in that written by Hartweg, respecting his
own travels, that the travellers met. The latter states that he arrived
at Bogota on January 1st, 1843, after a fatiguing journey, and after
leaving there he goes on to say:—‘‘On my journey to Zypaquira, and
from thence to Pacho, I observed Odontoglossum crispum, having a spike
two and a half feet in length, and producing from twenty to twenty-seven
large white flowers, with a pinkish hue on the outside of the sepals, and
orange spots on the lip.’’. (Hartweg in Trans. Hort. Soc., ser. 2, iii, p- 160).
Specimens were secured for drying, and from the list of species introduced
(id., p. 162), we gather that living plants also were sent home, though
in the absence of any later information, we may infer that they died
without flowering. How much of fact there is in the story of the joint
discovery, or the joint excursion, in 1841, as it has recently been put, may
be inferred from the further record that four days after Hartweg arrived
at Bogota (January 5th, 1843), Linden was encamped far away on the
majestic peak of Tolima (on the Central Cordillera), at an altitude of
15,000 feet. That Linden himself made no claim to be the discoverer

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 85

of this Orchid is evident from the fact that in 1878, when he was actively
directing the Illustration Horticole, a remark by M. André appeared about
“les echantillons récoltés par Hartweg 4 Cipaquira et Pacho, au nord de
Bogota.” —(Ill. Hort., xxv., p. 137, t, 325).

As to the first successful introduction of the species, we need only
remark that in 1863 the collectors Weir, Blunt, and Schlim, were sent
to New Granada, respectively by the Horticultural Society of London,
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., and M. Linden, and that the three collectors
named all found themselves sailing for the same destination, in the same
steamer, and on the same errand. All succeeded in sending home living
plants, the first to flower in Europe being one in the collection of Mr. John
Day, at Tottenham, which had been collected by Blunt near Pacho.

The question having been raised, we think it right to call attention
to the records, which, so far as we can ascertain, show that Hartweg alone
was the discoverer of this popular garden Orchid, and afford no confirma-
tion of the version given over forty years after the event took place.

Ot

CYPRIPEDIUM x WATSONIANUM.

CyYPpRIPEDIUM X Watsonianum, a hybrid between C. X Harrisianum &
and C. concolor ¢, which was described at page 244 of our first volume,
has just flowered in the collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., The Woodlands,
Streatham. Mr. Measures writes that it has developed into a great beauty,
perfect in shape, and of a glowing, brilliant colour, something like the
bloom on a ripe plum, which changes as the spectator moves his position.
Mr. Measures also sends an interesting note respecting richness of colour in
hybrid Cypripediums. C. x Paris he considers must be placed first, while C.
x William Lloyd is the darkest in this class. Both have been described and
figured in our pages. C. X Paris (vol. i., pp. 87, 88, fig. 6, see also p. 288)
is said to have originated from C. bellatulum ¢ and C. Stonei ¢, though
there is little evidence of the latter, and C. callosum has been suggested as
_ the other parent. The fact is the raiser is not certainly known, but it may
have been the late Mr. Hall. C. x William Lloyd (vol. iii., p. 177, fig. 7)
was derived from C. bellatulum ¢ and C. X Swanianum ¢, and several
plants are in existence which are not all exactly alike. The trio is certainly
a very brilliant one, and we anticipate a considerable advance in the
hybrids of this particular class within the next few years. If the vigorous
constitution and floriferousness of some of our hybrid Cypripediums can be
successfully combined with the richness of colouring which is gradually
being developed in others, a race of plants of the highest decorative value
will result, and we believe that it is only a question of time and

perseverance.

86 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

HYBRIDISING DENDROBIUMS.

Mr. F. H. Moore’s lettter in your February issue (page 52) is very
interesting, and I am sure that some of your readers would be very glad to
have him use a little more of the space in your pages that he seemed so
reluctant to encroach upon. Often I have tried to get seed pods upon my
Dendrobiums, sometimes aiming for hybrids, and at other times aiming to
get seedlings of unmixed character, believing, as he suggests, that stronger,
healthier plants for the greenhouse might be obtained in that way. But I
have never yet obtained, with my Dendrobiums, more than what he calls a
“half success,” and I would like to ask him whether, from his experiments,
he can give any suggestions upon the following points or questions :—

Does he find any one part of the day a preferable time for making the
pollinations ? The odour of many Orchid flowers coming and going with
certain times of the day, must certainly indicate a charge of state in these
kinds, and probably also the best time for the pollination ; but this guide (?)
does not show in all flowers. Again, Has he found any difference in the
success of the pollinations resulting from the kind of day, whether a clear
and bright day, or one somewhat cloudy? Further, Can he give any
suggestions as to the amount of pollen to be used? I have thought that
the pollen from two or three flowers, if applied to the stigma of one, would
be likely to increase the number of good seeds in the pod.

If Mr. Moore could also give us some hints as to determining the
proper age of the pollen and the flower to be fertilised, suggestions that
would help us to recognise that the flowers are ripe, that, too, would be
very acceptable.

Chicago. Py ). Le. Move.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MARCH.
By H. A. BURBERRY.

I'e temperatures for the month should be somewhere near the following
figures :— ;

CooL House :—Day, about 60°; night, 50° to 55°.

INTERMEDIATE House :—Day, about 65°; night, 55° to 60°.

East Inp1AN House :—Day, about 70°; night, 60° to 65°.

The temperatures quoted above are for fire heat alone. During sunny
weather, a rise of the thermometer will necessarily follow, which will in
all cases be beneficial to the plants, supposing there be but little fire heat
at the same time.

_ If the sun should make its appearance suddenly during mid-day, when
the hot-water pipes are already sufficiently heated to maintain the requisite

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 87

degree of warmth, it is better to make use of the roller blinds rather than
to allow the temperature to become overheated, or to try to reduce the
same by putting on an over-abundance of top air.

Ventilating by means of the top lights is accompanied by a considerable
amount of risk during this and the following month, and if indulged in, it
should be done most sparingly, otherwise the cold draughts resulting are
the means of checking tender growths, and the atmospheric moisture is too
rapidly transformed. There is nothing like admitting air at the bottom
ventilators, I mean by box-like contrivances let in through the walls
opposite the hot water pipes. The atmosphere is thus kept pure and
sweet, and in a more uniformly moist and growing condition.

Damping down between the pots and all other spaces available may
now be done two, or even three times daily, just in accordance with the
conditions prevailing outside. Orchids can be, and often are, injured and
sometimes killed outright by over-saturation of the compost in which they
grow. But never are they injured by the moisture arising from the
evaporation of water distributed on the stages, floors, walls, &c. They
grow not so much upon the water given them at the root, as upon that
which they derive from the atmosphere. If, therefore, the latter contains
plenty of moisture, and is at the same time freely but judiciously charged
with fresh air let in from the outside, and principally through the bottom
ventilators, which contain their food supply, and from which they draw
all that is necessary for their well being, then, and then only, is the
foundation laid upon which to build future success.

Speaking of moisture, don’t let me be misunderstood. Steam, I
suppose, is moisture, but this I deprecate to the fullest extent. No matter
how it is caused, whether by water coming in contact with the hot water
pipes, or by a hot pipe running through the soft water tank, or by any other
means ; I am confident it is no good to the plants, but on the other hand is
frequently the forerunner of “spot” in its many forms. For this reason I
am not quite so partial to evaporating troughs as I used to be, and though I
am not in a position to condemn them, so far as Orchids are concerned, yet
I will advise that they be not used over abundantly.

Work in re-potting commences now in earnest. Take, for instance, the
Mexican Lelias. The first and foremost among these is L. anceps and its
numerous varieties. They should be taken in hand, and after being over-
hauled and well cleansed from all traces of that particular scale to which
they are liable, should be re-potted. Take care to perform this operation in
a thorough and workman like manner, so that it does not again become
necessary to disturb their roots for at least three years. If the plant is a
large one, the several pieces forming it should be placed together skilfully,
so as to make a neat handsome specimen that will take up the least amount

88 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ofroom. A plant of Lelia anceps with about three leads may sometimes
be seen occupying an enormous basket about 12 inches square, which, it is
needless to say, is a shocking waste of house room. If the creeping rhizome
has become too long, let it be severed, leaving five or six pseudobulbs to
support the lead. The back pseudobulbs taken away will break again, and
should be placed in with the plant; by these means a greater number of
leading bulbs are being constantly added. Do not half bury the pseudo-
bulbs, but let the rhizome from the oldest to the newest bulb be on a level
with the compost. If buried, the eyes, which are dormant, soon decay.

Lelia anceps Sanderiana and L. a. Schreederiana, when seen in all
their beauty, are Orchids not easily eclipsed. They must, however, be
strong to bloom well. The primary points of cultivation to bear in mind
are: Do not allow them to ramble over the side of the pot or basket
into space for more than one season’s growth, and give them during summer
the full sun, plenty of water, and an abundance of air. Should there not
be a Mexican house set apart for the sun-loving kinds, Lelia anceps and
its varieties are then better if grown in baskets or pans, so that they may
be suspended near the roof of the Cattleya House. If however there be a
house unshaded to accommodate these, together with a few other sun-loving
Orchids, then they are better if in pots on lattice-wood stages.

Lelia autumnalis, L. albida, L. furfuracea, and L. Eyermaniana, all
most useful species when well grown, greatly enjoy the sun, heat, anda
corresponding amount of air and moisture, but at the same time will not
withstand so much direct sunshine as is so enjoyable to the afore-named
_ species. These four beautiful kinds should therefore be partially shaded
from its direct rays in summer. Conditions similar to that of the ordinary
Cattleya house is, I find, best adapted to them. The roots are now pushing
forth, and the necessary re-potting or top-dressing should be done. These
short-bulbed Lzlias are surface rooting kinds, and a great depth of
compost, however good and fibrous it may be, becomes not only unnecessary
but positively distasteful to them. During the summer they delight in
water in large quantities, on the condition that it passes away again freely.
To use a well-known phrase, “it should run through like a sieve.’ To pot
shallow, say the compost to be only an inch in depth, and at the same time
to secure each portion of the plant firmly, is a little difficult of accomplish-
ment. But firm in position the plant must be, or it can never grow well.
Patience and practice, with the aid of a few small sticks and pegs, soon
overcome this difficulty.

Lelia majalis is frequently grown on blocks or rafts of wood suspended
in the Mexican house. I find this system does very well for a few years,

oe = ae a rule block culture results in deterioration. To keep this species in

al ae health it is oo in small pans, or baskets, with

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 89

just enough peat and sphagnum moss about its roots to steady and secure
it in position. Give liberal supplies of water when growing. It is rather
a shy blooming species and rarely does so until the bulbs have attained
their maximum size, even then they are apt to disappoint. It is well to
keep them on the dry side until the new growths are an inch or two high,
as the flower spikes grow simultaneously. It is quite useless, however, to
withhold water too long, for if the flower spike is not formed in the new
growths during its early stages, no amount of drought will cause it to appear
afterwards. It is easy to tell a flowering growth early in the season—say
about April or the commencement of May—by its swollen appearance.
After this date all should be liberally treated with water in order to
encourage the making of fine large pseudobulbs.

Thunias should be repotted this month. Loose compost to root in,
shade, and strong heat to grow in, promotes long, lanky, vigorous growths
and scarcity of flowers. On the other hand firm potting in a compost of
peat, loam, and silver sand, plenty of sunshine, and an intermediate
temperature, are conducive to short, stout pseudobulbs and free blooming.
About four strong pseudobulbs to a 32-sized pot makes nice, graceful and
useful plants from a decorative standpoint.

Oncidium tigrinum and O. unguiculatum are beautiful species when
well grown and flowered. They grow readily enough in the Cool house
under precisely the same treatment as that accorded to Odontoglossum
crispum. But from a flowering point of view they both are apt occasionally
to disappoint the grower, as they cannot be relied upon to flower with
anything approaching regularity every year. The very largest and finest
pseudobulbs will sometimes fail to produce a spike, whilst on the other hand
a tiny insignificiant one may do so. In the latter case it should not be
allowed to bloom, but pinched off as soon as it appears, for there is but little
use or beauty in a weakly spike bearing only two or three half developed
flowers. It is better that what energies the plant possesses should be
reserved, so that it may make a larger pseudobulb the following year. In
the former case nothing can be done to force the strong plant to bloom
when it has decided not to do so. It is satisfaction, however, to see the
fine unflowering growth develop into a grand pseudobulb of a large size;
the plant itself is then a refreshing sight. And there is consolation in
knowing that from a plant of such strength the chances are greatly in
favour of an enormous flower spike appearing from the following growth,
particularly so if during the winter, when inactive, the plant has had a
good rest on the dry side. O. tigrinum sends up its spike from the side
of the new growth when the latter is about half matured, and usually
blooms in November or December, whilst O. unguiculatum is a month or
two later in showing its spike, and consequently a corresponding period

go THE ORCHID REVIEW.

later in blooming. | Where repotting is necessaay take them in hand
immediately the new growth is seen breaking from the base. Pot firmly in
good fibrous peat and sphagnum moss, and always keep them confined to
comparatively small pots.

Coeelogynes, having had a thorough resting throughout the winter,
will now be commencing root action. In cases where larger sized pans
or baskets are desired, or divisions of the bulk are contemplated, this
is a good time to set about it, before the roots are too active and far
advanced. Ccelogyne cristata has, of course, already flowered, or is in the
act of doing so. The majority, however, have yet to flower, which fact
need not deter the repotting operation. C. cristata, as is well known,
bears a distinct flower-producing scape; but with most kinds this is not
the case, the spike coming from the centre of the new growth, which,
after blooming, continues to grow and ultimately forms the pseudobulb.
In all such cases, if repotting is delayed until after blooming, a great
check is the result, for the simple reason that the plant is then in the
very middle of its activity. Shallow pans or baskets are to be preferred for
Coelogynes, and the usual peat and sphagnum moss is the best compost.
These also should be confined to proportionately small receptacles. And
all are fond of copious supplies of moisture when growing. Asa general
rule, I find the Cattleya, or what is better still, the Mexican house, the
most suitable place in which to grow Coelogynes. There are, of course,
exceptions, for instance, C. Parishii—a charming little species, producing
its flower scape from the apex of the new bulb when fully completed—
together with C. pandurata, another species like C. cristata, where the
spikes appear from the base, and a few others, such as C. Dayana and
C. asperata, may, perhaps, be found to do better in the hottest house,
whilst there are a few that will do very well in the coolest house. C.
barbata is one of the latter.

On every hand there will be seen plants, here and there, ready for
the potting shed; a few more Dendrobiums, Cattleyas, Cypripediums,
Selenipediums, &c., may be selected as being fit, and at a proper stage
for turning out. The dividing, or propagating, of Cypripediums and
Selenipediums, may be done at this season with greater chances of their
quickly becoming well rooted and re-established in their new pots. The
roots of these genera strike deep into the compost. It is unwise, there-
fore, to over-fill the pots with drainage. For small pots a few crocks at
the bottom are ample, the remaining part should be filled up with the
compost mentioned last month, and pressed in rather firmly.

Then again, there are members belonging to the genera Catasetum
_and Mormodes starting away to grow. I find these species, to grow
them well for any length of time, must necessarily have the warmth of

THE ORCHID REVIEW. gi

the hottest department during the growing season, and at no time will
they stand the low temperature of the Cool house. They must also be
kept very sweet at the roots by supplying fresh material every year.
Thev must be grown in pans or baskets—which should be proportionately
small—suspended, and but very little water must be supplied during
the early stages of growth, or the new breaks soon damp off.

The “short-borer” beetle, which commits such ravages amongst the
Dendrobiums, has again been introduced into several collections. I
recently saw a lot of Dendrobiums in a sorry plight indeed. The beetle
had been at work amongst them stealthily, I should say, for some con-
siderable time. At any rate, by the time it was observed irreparable
damage had been done. Beautiful plants of Dendrobium, that a few
weeks previously looked the pink of condition, are represented now
by a few pseudobulbs sticking up here and there, looking isolated and
miserable enough—the remainder have been cut away. If not noticed
in time, the region of the pseudobulb attacked soon decays and is
rendered useless, but if seen in time a spot of paraffin dropped into
the hole often brings out the beetle and stops further mischief.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND
ORCHID SOCIETY.

Ar the meeting of this Society, held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on
February roth, 1898, there was a magnificent display of good things, we
think the best the Society have yet succeeded in bringing together, no less
than seventy-eight plants being separately entered to be brought before the
Committee. The members present were—Messrs. Thompson (in the chair),
Backhouse, Bolton, Cypher, Gratrix, Greenwood, Johnson, Leemann,
Schofield, Stevens, Weathers, and Gent (Hon. Sec.). Some two hours
were occupied in adjudicating upon the plants, and the Committee granted
seventeen First-class Certificates, thirty Awards of Merit, and two Cultural
Certificates.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), staged
Odontoglossum crispum candidissimum, O. X excellens spectabile,
O. nebulosum candidulum, and Cattleya amethystoglossa. These plants
formed a beautiful group of wonderfully well-grown plants, besides being
exceptional in quality, and each obtained a First-class Certificate.

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Hay), showed
Cattleya Triane alba (First-class Certificate), Dendrobium Wardianum
album (Award of Merit), and D. W. ochroleucum (First-class Certificate).
The latter is a distinct albino, with pure white sepals and petals, and pure

92 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

white lip with yellow throat, and no vestige of the dark eyes seen in the
type. This exhibitor also staged a fine plant of the sweet-scented and
interesting Platyclinis glumacea, with over two dozen spikes.

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq.; New Hall Hey, Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill),
showed a very distinct and pretty Cypripedium called C. x G W. Law-
Schofield, of unknown parentage (First-class Certificate), C. x Lathami-
anum giganteum (Award of Merit), Dendrobium X Juno (Award of Merit),
and D. X xanthocentrum (First-class Certificate).

D. B. Rappart, Esq., Liscard, Cheshire (gr. Mr. Nicholson), showed
Dendrobium X Schneiderianum.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed
Cypripedium villosum giganteum (First-class Certificate), with immense
flowers, C. X Calypso, Dendrobium xX splendidissimum grandiflorum, a
very fine form (Award of Merit), D. X s. giganteum (Award of Merit), the
beautiful D. nobile Amesiz (First-class Certificate), and D. x Schneideri-
anum (Award of Merit).

J. Leemann, Esq., West Bank ean. Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge),
staged Lelia anceps Stella (Award of Merit), L. a. Williamsii (Award of
Merit), Cattleya Trianz alba (Award of Merit), Dendrobium Wardianum,
D. nobile Sanderianum (First-class Certificate and Cultural Certificate),
D. n. Ballianum (Award of Merit), D. x Cassiope, D. x splendidissimum
Leeanum, Odontoglossum X Andersonianum (Award of Merit), Cypripedium
Haynaldianum (Cultural Certificate), and C. X Winnianum.

H. Greenwood, Esq., Highfield, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Spurr), exhibited
~ Dendrobium X Schneiderianum. _

S. Gratrix, Esq., West Point, Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed
Dendrobium X Ashworthii Edithe, D. xX euosmum leucopterum (Award
of Merit), Cypripedium Xx Lathamianum signatum, derived from C.
Spicerianum magnificum, crossed with C. villosum aureum (Award of Merit),
and C. * Prewettii (Award of Merit).

Mr. William Bolton, Warrington (gr. Mr. Cain), showed Dendrobium
Wardianum candidum (First-class Certificate), Cattleya Trianz (First-class
Certificate), C. T. alba, C. labiata Boltoni (Award of Merit), and
Dendrobium xX Ainsworthii Robinsonianum (Award of Merit).

T. W. Swinburne, Esq., Corndean Hall, Winchcombe, Cheltenham (gr.
Mr. Rendall), showed Cypripedium x resist acacia Mons. de Curte
(Award of Merit), and C. villosum.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), staged
Cypripedium xX Ashburtoniz roseum, C. x Lathamianum aureum (Award
of Merit), and C. x L. inversum.

H. H. Bolton, Esq., Height Side, Newchurch (gr. Mr. Eastwood),

| Dendrobium X Rainbow, derived from D. Findlayanum and D. x

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 93

Ainsworthii (First-class Certificate), D. x melanodiscus, and D. nobile
burfordiense (Award of Merit).

Mr. Allen, Sale, Cheshire, showed Cattleya Triane.

M. Peeters, Brussels, showed Zygopetalum Perrenondi (First-class
Certificate), Cypripedium Chamberlainianum, Sophronitis Rossiteriana,
and Odontoglossum X Wilckeanum (First-class Certificate).

Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham, showed Zygopetalum crinitum
superbum, Cattleya Triane Gratrixie, C. T. superba, Dendrobium xX

Ainsworthii, Cypher’s variety, and D. x splendidissimum Leeanum, all of
~ which obtained Awards of Merit, also Odontoglossum Rossii rubescens, O.
R. albescens, and Cypripedium Exul.

Mr. Robson, Altrincham, showed Cymbidium eburneum giganteum
(Award of Merit), Cattleya Trianz bella, and C. T. formosa.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, showed, amongst other things, a
pretty Cypripedium seedling, derived from C. x Calypso crossed with
C. villosum aureum (First-class Certificate), also C. X Fascinator nobilior,
C. x Harrisianum albens, C. x Sallieri, Sander’s var., Cattleya Triane
nobilior, and Lycaste Mooreana, each of which received an Award of Merit.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THE second meeting of the year was held at the Drill Hall, James Street,
Westminster, on February 8th, and, favoured by fine weather, Orchids were
present in exceptional numbers for the season, and made a fine display.
Three awards only were made by the Orchid Committee, one First-class
Certificate and two Awards of Merit. An intimation from the Council that
the granting of Medals would in future be entrusted to a new body, com-
posed of representatives from each Committee, gave rise to considerable
dissatisfaction, and at the Annual Meeting which followed Sir Trevor
Lawrence was understood to say that he would recommend the Council to
rescind the proposal, which arose from their desire to limit the number of
awards and increase their comparative value. The awards of this Joint
Committee are specified below.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
White), staged a particularly interesting group, including a fine specimen
of Angraecum pertusum with twenty-five spikes, and a large, well-bloomed
Masdevallia polysticta, both of which have been in the collection since 1878,
Dendrobium xX ~endocharis added in 1879, Odontoglossum X aspersum,
bought in 1881, Sophronitis grandiflora, added in 1889, and now a fine
clump with forty-four flowers, Brasso-cattleya X Lindleyana with twenty-

94 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

four flowers, together with strong examples of Angraecum eburneum,
Odontoglossum crispum, and O. X Andersonianum, all cultivated for many
years. The group also contained a good plant of Epidendrum Endresii, E.
polybulbon, Cattleya Percivaliana, Dendrobium Xx Juno, D. x burfordiense,
Calanthe X gigas, Cypripedium x _ hirsuto-Sallieri, and other fine things.
A Silver-gilt Banksian Medal was awarded by the Joint Committee.

Philip Crowley, Esq., Waddon House, Croydon (gr. Mr. Harris),
exhibited Lelia anceps waddoniensis, a splendid white form allied to L. a.
Schroederiana, with large open lip, with a few purple lines on the side lobes.
A First-class Certificate was awarded.

Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray),
staged a choice group, consisting of Lelio-cattleya xX Doris, Cypripedium
x Sandero-superbiens, C. X Youngianum superbum, a fine example of
C. X Ceres, and the two following, each of which gained an Award of
_ Merit :—Phaio-calanthe x grandis (Phaius grandifloius @ xX Calanthe xX
Bryan 3), bearing a very robust spike of large flowers, with the sepals and
petals white tinged with rose at the base, and the lip purple with a few
white stripes ; and Calanthe x splendens (C. rosea @ x C. x Bryan 3),
a fine thing, with flowers uniform carmine-crimson in colour.

Lord Foley, Ruxley Lodge, Esher (gr. Mr. Miller), staged a very fine
group of Cypripedium insigne forms. A Silver Banksian Medal was awarded
by the Joint Committee ‘“ for Cypripediums and Fruit.”

Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), showed
the rare Odontoglossum Schillerianum, and a good Lelia pumila prestans.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), sent the
fine Odontoglossum X excellens spectabile and O. luteopurpureum grandis,
a beautiful variety of the hystrix type.

C. W. Chard, Esq., Clapham Common, showed the handsome
Cypripedium X Chapmanii.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), sent
the handsome Odontoglossum Rossii rubescens.

Major Joicey, Sunningdale Park (gr. Mr. Thorne), showed a fine
specimen of Lycaste Skinneri.

S. G. Lutwyche, Esq., Eden Park, Beckenham (gr. Mr. Patterson),
showed a good form of Cypripedium villosum.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, sent a flower of
a Maxillaria called M. Augusta-Victoria allied to M. Sanderiana, having
white sepals and petals, and a broad yellow lip with some purple markings.

P. B. Tubbs, Esq. (gr. Mr. Rolfe), showed a fine richly-coloured form of
Cattleya Triane.

Mrs. Wingfield, Ampthill House, Ampthill (gr. Mr. Empson), sent a
good Dendrobium nobile with large well-shaped flowers.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 9s

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, contributed a very fine group,
containing the handsome Lelio-cattleya X Myra, raised from C. Triane ¢
and L. flava ¢, and thus from the reversed cross; Phalenopsis X
Hebe, P. x intermedia var. Vesta, much brighter than the type, the new P.
x Cassandra (rosea ? X Stuartiana ¢), a promising thing, having
blush white flowers tinged with rose at the base of the sepals and petals,
and the lip rose with some brown spotting on a yellow ground at the base ;
Cattleya X Miranda, Epidendrum X Endresio-Wallisii, E. x elegantulum,
E. X O’Brienianum superbum, Calanthe x Ariadne, with creamy white
flowers blotched with purple; a number of fine Dendrobiums, including
D. x Dominii, D. x Cordelia flavescens, D. X Schneiderianum, D. X
dulce, D. X euosmum, D. x endocharis, D. x splendidissimum, D. X
Wardiano-japonicum, D. xX Cybele nobilius, the brilliantly coloured D.
subclausum, D. aureum, D. crassinode album, D. secundum, D. s. album,
Cypripedium X Lathamianum with ten fine flowers, C. xX Enid, C. X
Adrastus, Cirrhopetalum picturatum, the pretty Oncidium spilopterum,
Platyclinis glumacea valida, and other interesting things. “A Silver-gilt
flora Medal was awarded by the Joint Committee ‘‘for Orchids and
Primulas.”

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Upper Clapton, staged a fine group, to
which a Bronze Banksian Medal was awarded by the Joint Committee. It
contained some fine forms of Cattleya Triane, among which C. T. plumosa
with the petals feathered with purple was very handsome, Dendrobium X
Venus, D. nobile Ballianum, D. xX Luna, D. X_ splendidissimum,
grandiflorum, D. crassinode, and others, and some good Odontoglossum
crispum, O. Rossii, O. Hallii, O. tripudians, the fine Cppripedium X
Prewettii, C. X Swinburnei magnificum, &c.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, sent the beautiful Lycaste
Skinneri alba, a handsome form of Cattleya Triane, Calanthe rubens alba,
a pure white form, and other good things.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Sons, Upper Holloway, staged a good group,
including Lzlia anceps Williamsiana, Sophronitis grandiflora, Coelogyne
cristata Chatsworth variety, a well-flowered Lycaste fulvescens, forms of
Odontoglossum crispum, various Dendrobiums, Cypripedium X
Carnusianum, C. xX calophyllum, C. x Sallieri aureum, C. X politum,
some good C. X Leeanum, C. X cenanthum superburn, C. Spicerianum
purpureum, C. X Williamsianum, and others.

Mr. Thos. Duck, Abbey Wood, showed a Cypripedium said to have
been imported with C. insigne montanum, which more resembled a small
light-coloured C. X Leeanum.

Mr. William Murray, gardener to Norman C. Cookson, Esq., showed
examples of his patent Orchid Stand, an invention for raising plants above

96 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the staging, yet allowing a free circulation of air about them, and thus
preventing fungoid growth, which often occurs when inverted pots. are:
used, to the detriment of the plants.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CATTLEYA TRIANE SANDERE.—Journ. of Hort., Feb. 10, p. 127, fig. 19.

CYPRIPEDIUM X CAUDATUM-RoEz.Lit.—Revue Hort. Belge, Feb., p. 25;
with plate.

_ LELIA ANCEPS OWENIANA.—Journ. of Hort., Feb. 17, p. 143, fig. 21.

LAELIA ANCEPS WADDONIENSIS.—Gard. Mag., Feb. 19, pp. 112, I15,
with fig. ; Journ. of Hort., Feb. 24, pp. 164, 165, fig. 24 (waddonensis) ;
Gard. Chron., Feb. 26, pp. 124, 126, fig. 48.

Lauia X BrisEIs.—Gard. Mag., Jan. 29, p. 68, with fig.

L#&LIA RUBESCENS, Lindl.—-Gard. Mag., Feb. 5, p. 84, with fig.

L#LIA MAJALIS ALBA.—Amer. Gard., Feb. 5, pp. 109, 110, with fig.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X JACOBIANA.—Moniteur d’Horticole, July 10, 1896,
p. 158, with plate. This is a form of L.-c. x Aphrodite.

PAPHIOPEDILUM CHAMBERLAINIANUM, Pfitz.—Bot. Mag., t. 7578.

SACCOLABIUM MINIATUM.—/ourn. of Hort., Feb. 3, p- 109, fig. 17.

SOBRALIA Lucastana.—Journ. of Hort., Feb. 4, p, 105, fig. 16.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

(Corre garoseatapeel sa answered here may find replies to their quertes on other es and in
s, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue

H. J. R., Florence. The Cypripedium is not C. x Atys, but looks like a form of
C. nigritum, Rchb. f., a Bornean species. See vol. v. p. 79. Is there any evidence of your
plant being a hybrid ?

¥. Many thanks. Owing to pressure on our space the article, and one or two
others, must stand over till next month.

W. J. R., Maghull. -A good typical Odontoglossum Halli.

B. The resemblance which Cyp ripedium x Mrs. G. D. Owen (C. x super-
ciliare x villosum) bears to C. X Harrisianum is not saainion, for the latter is half
villosum and half barbatum, while the former is half villosum, a quarter C. barbatum, and a
quarter C. superbiens.

A. W. H. Next month.

J. and R. C., Wakefield. A small pale form of Odontoglossum x Andersonianum.

Correspondents are requested not to wrap the flowers they send in cotton wool. If this
material is used at all in packing, the flowers should always be isolated by a little tissue
pa When slips of papers containing names or numbers are attached they should not
be rolled round the stalks, ery in all cases should be tied on in such a w. ay that they can
be read without being detach

Tah Ga Sees Pee Ley See ne a oe nian ee

Orchids

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Purchasing of Private

The Company are constantly receiving Importations of Orchids from various parts
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at very reasonable Pric

scriptive and Priced Catalogues of their Stock of Established Orchids, as well as of
each ten as it comes to hand, will be sent Post Free on application to the Company.

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,
GARSTON, NEAR LIVERPOOL

MANCHESTER & NORTH OF
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Orchid Society.

“HEADQUARTERS: THE COAL EXCHANGE, MARKET
PLACE, MANCHESTER.
\ EETINGS of the COMMITTEE, for the purpose
Atk of aa ed upon the Sete age submitted, —
THURSDAY, March 10th ani 2

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THE AMATEUR ORCHID CULTIVATOR’S
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H. A. BURBERRY, F.R.H.S.

An excellent practical ome a Orchid Culture,

with nage xi plates, ning 40 species,
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Second Edition. In cloth, price 5/6, post free,

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Ts the first clean, effectual, and practically
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Price List containing full information
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TRAFALGAR WIRE WORKS,
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Paphiopedium « Deedmanianum

few plants of this beautiful hybrid, described and figured
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¥. r. W. B. LATHA

Curator,
Birmingham Horticultural Society's Gardens,
EDGBASTON.

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Contents.
PAGE
An Amateur’s Experiences ... Manchester and North of England
Bulbophyllum Dayanum _... a Orchid Society -.-
Calendar of pene for April ... Manchester Royal Botanical
9 | _ Horticultural Society

lo prt ew mee

ae ues ask =

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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

VoL. VI.] APRIL, 1898. [No. 64.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James Street, Westminster, during April, on the 12th and 26th
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour,
12 o’clock, noon.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will also hold two
meetings during the month, on the 14th and 28th, at the Coal Exchange,
Manchester. The Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are
open to inspection an hour later.

The fourteenth International Horticultural Exhibition of the Société
Royale d’Agriculture et de Botanique de Gand will be held at Ghent from
April 16th to 24th, when a magnificent display of Orchids may be
anticipated, 73 classes being set apart for them.

We have received the Schedule of Prizes for the Whitsuntide Exhibition
of the Royal Botanical and Horticultural Society of Manchester, to be held
at Old Trafford, from May 27th to June 2nd. There are classes for the best
miscellaneous collection of Orchids, both for Amateurs and Nurserymen, for
ten specimen Orchids in bloom, the best collection of Odontoglossums, the
best of Cattleyas and Lelias, and the best garden hybrid in the Show. The
competitions are open to all, on five clear days’ notice to the Secretary, Mr.
P. Weathers, being given.

An inflorescence of the graceful Epidendrum Stamfordianum is sent from
the collection of John W. Arkle, Esq., of West Derby, Liverpool. It is
from a plant recently brought from Central America by one of Mr. Arkle’s

98 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

friends, and should be taken care of. The specimen plant exhibited by Sir
Trevor Lawrence, at the Temple Show in 1895, to which a Silver Flora
Medal was given, will long be remembered.

A flower of the beautiful Dendrobium crassinode Barberianum comes
from the collection of F. H. Moore, Esq., ot Liverpool. It is characterised
by having larger and darker tips to all the segments than the ordinary form.
The present plant came out of an importation by Messrs. John Cowan & Co.

We learn from Mr. White that the rare Masdevallia deorsa, in the
collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, is now showing for flower for the first
time in Europe. Its curious pendulous habit was noted at page 206 of
our last volume.

A very fine form of Dendrobium nobile has been sent by Messrs. F.
Sander & Co., St. Albans, which appeared in a recent importation. It is
very similar to the remarkable D. n. Hardyanum, but is not quite equal to
it in size. The petals are 11 lines broad, and the lip 14 lines, the blotch
being very broad and deep in colour.

A curious double flower of Odontoglossum Pescatorei is sent from the
collection of H. H. Bolton, Esq., Newchurch, Manchester, by Mr.
Eastwood. The two pedicels are completely fused together, and the two
adjacent lateral sepals are united back to back, but all the other parts are
free and in the normal condition.

A form of O. x Andersonianum is also sent, with yellow ground, and
several small red-brown spots at the base of the segments, and thus
belongs to the variety herbraicum. It came with some imported O.
crispum.

Dendrobium Wardianum Broomeanum is a striking variety from the
collection of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno. It is
characterised by the back of the sepals being suffused with bright rose,
which stains through to the front, and the tips of all the segments are
bright purple, and very sharply defined. A very fine flower of Lycaste
Skinneri is also sent.

A good flower of the rare Lzlia Boothiana is sent from the collection.
of W. M. Appleton, Esq., of Weston-super-Mare, in which the lip is
prettily veined with bright purple on a lighter ground.

An example of Dendrobium crassinode with fused flowers, from the
collection of Reginald Young, Esq., of Sefton Park, Liverpool, has the
peculiarity that the two are placed back to back, not side by side, as is

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 99

usually the case. Thus the two lips face each other, and the two chins are
opposite. The fusion terminates at the apex of the pedicel, and all the
parts are free from each other.

A good dark form of Odontoglossum Hunnewellianum is sent from the
collection of J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate. It is said to
have come among some imported crispums, though we believe that the two
do not actually grow together. :

Flowers of the rare Odontoglossum facetum, Rchb. f., and of O. X
mulus are sent by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Nursery, Enfield.
The former seems about intermediate between O. sceptrum and O.
Hunnewellianum.

A good dark form of Dendrobium nobile is sent from the collection of
R. B. Macbean, Esq., of Lancaster, the whole of the area beyond the disc
being suffused with rose-purple.

A series of fine forms are also sent by Mr. John Robson, of Altrincham,
showing what an amount of variation the species presents. Among the
named forms may be mentioned D. n. delicatum, having the sepals
and petals of a delicate pink tint, and the well-known varieties nobilius
and Amesiz.

A flower and leaf of the rare Aéranthes grandiflora are sent from the
collection of H. J. Ross, Esq., of Florence, which came out of M.
Hamelin’s Madagascar importations. The flowers are very light green,
borne on long scapes, and are remarkable for the unilaterally inflated spur.

A photograph of a good plant of Ccelogyne cristata alba is sent by
Mrs. Barton, High Bickington, N. Devon. It is trained in the shape of a
fan, and bears nine racemes of five flowers each. It has been grown on
from a small scrap, pieces of teak being added as the plant required more
room.

A good form of Dendrobuim x Ainsworthii is sent from the collection
of F. Hardy, Esq., Ashton-on- Mersey, raised from D. nobile Hardyanum and
D. aureum. The blotch is more sharply defined than usual, and the
seedling is very promising.

A flower of the beautiful Phalznopsis x John Seden is sent by_ Messrs.
James Veitch and Sons, of Chelsea. It is the only seedling raised from a
new cross between P. amabilis and P. Lueddemanniana, and closely
resembles the original form.

100 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DIES ORCHIDIAN.

My remarks respecting ‘‘ Lelia Amesiana Crawshay’s variety,” at page
38, have not passed unchallenged, for Mr. Crawshay writes to say that he
regrets that the specific name anceps was left out by the G. C. when
figuring the plant ; still anyone can see that it is a variety of anceps, but as
to the rest of the name no exception should be taken, for though the plant
is so much superior to the old Amesiana, it is not distinct enough to be
called by another name. So that it is Lelia anceps Amesiana Crawshay’s
variety, whether Argus likes it or not.

Now both plants have, fortunately, been figured, and on looking the
figures up I find that the old L. a. Amesiana (Journ. of Hort., 1893, XXvil.,
p- 505, fig. 73) has the deep blackish purple colour confined to the apical
half of the front lobe of the lip, but in the new Crawshay’s variety
(G.C., 1898, xxili., p. 59, fig. 22) it extends much further back, and right
round the apex of the side lobes. If that is not distinction enough what
shall be said of some of the other named varieties, which are separated
by much smaller differences ?

Another objection urged against the name ‘“‘ L. anceps Crawshay’s
variety” is that it is too much like ‘“‘ L. anceps Crawshayana,” and will
probably be mistaken for it. This, I think, is extremely likely, though the
moral which I should learn from the argument is a very different one.
When it takes five words to indicate a variety it is not rash to predict that
something will soon be left out ; in fact it was the omission of the specific
name, and the consequent confusion with a totally different plant, which
really called forth my remarks.

Recently I have seen many names of five words like Lelia anceps
Amesiana Crawshay’s variety, and I may as well say that besides thinking
them too long, I consider them erroneous. If ‘‘ Amesiana”’ is the name of
the variety, ‘“‘Crawshay’s variety’? cannot be correct. ‘‘ Crawshay’s sub-
variety ” would be correct in point of form, but I do not see the necessity
for such inordinately attenuated names. Varieties must be distinguished,
that is admitted, but a single varietal name following the specific name
would be sufficient. Such names as Lelia anceps rosea and L. a. Hilliana
are short and concise, and answer every practical purpose, which is more
than can be said of many of the recent developments, some of which I have
called attention to in previous articles.

The present notes were crowded out last month, and I have other
communications on the subject which must stand over for the present.
| ARGUS.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 101%

BULBOPHYLLUM DAYANUM.
Tus rare and very remarkable species has just flowered in the collection
of W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., West Hill, Hessle, E. Yorks (gr. Mr. Barker),
from whom we have received a flower. The species was originally described
by Reichenbach in 1865 (Gard. Chron., 1865, p. 434), from a plant which
was introduced by Messrs. Hugh Low and Co. from Burma, and flowered
in the collection of J. Day, Esq., of Tottenham. It afterwards bloomed in
the collection of W. Wilson Saunders, Esq., from the same source, and was
figured in the Refuguim Botanicum (t. 115), though Reichenbach then
suggested Borneo as the native country, because none of the collectors of
plants who had ‘had their servants collecting, and partly, nearly, or
totally destroying Orchids in that Eldorado of Orchids,” Burma, had again
met with it. This idea, however, was erroneous, for the Rev. C. Parish
shortly afterwards sent it from Moulmein; it flowered at Kew, and was
figured in the Botanical Magazine in 1874 (t. 6119). Somewhat recently it
has been re-introduced, and flowered at Glasnevin in July, 1896, and also
in the collection of the Hon. Walter Rothschild, who exhibited it at a
meeting of the R.H.S. on January 12th, 1897, when it received a Botanical
Certificate. The plant is very dwarf and bears large flowers, which are
remarkable for having the sepals and petals fringed with long hairs. The
sepals are light green streaked and spotted with purple, and the petals and
lip darker ; these details, however, being subject to variation, according to

the figures. It is a very interesting botanical species.
KR. A. KK.

AN AMATEUR’S EXPERIENCES.
By Eustace F. CLARKE, TEIGNMOUTH.

I UNDERSTAND that the early experiences of an amateur Orchid grower,
starting with a very few plants, and with almost everything to learn, may
be of some slight interest, and possibly afford some encouragement to
others who may now be in a similar position.

I have always been much interested in gardening, especially since I
have had greater opportunity for gratifying my taste. Before coming to
Teignmouth, however, my attention was mainly given to the outdoor
garden, more particularly to Alpine plants and bulbs.

In the autumn of 1893 I chanced to read an article in Gardening
Illustrated, from which I gathered that the culture of certain kinds of
Orchids was easy, and that a few could be grown for some years
successfully in an ordinary greenhouse, provided that they had proper
attention .given to them, and I was induced by an advertisement
of the Liverpool Horticultural Company to write, asking them to send me

102 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

two of the easiest Orchids to start with. They sent me two Odontoglossum
Rossii and one Masdevallia Harryana (which in potting up became two).
Later in the same year, 1 obtained a plant each of Cypripedium insigne,
Oncidium aurosum, O. maculatum, Coelogyne cristata, Lycaste aromatica,
and Tricophilia tortilis, also two Odontoglossum crispum.
I was fortunate enough, in coming to Teignmouth in June, 1893, to find
a very fair-sized greenhouse in the garden, which was, however, heated only
by a somewhat inefficient gas stove. It consisted of two portions on
different levels, but with no separating door. The larger division was span-
roofed, about fifteen feet square, and fairly high, and was situated at the
angle formed by an east and a south wall. Against the south wall was a
long bed, running through both divisions, in which an oleander and a peach
tree were planted. There was also a narrow centre bed in the large
division, planted with Plumbago capensis, two or three Roses, a Clematis,
and Boussingaultia baselloides. Scale, mealy bug, and aphis were rampant
in the house, in which they had got a firm hold while the place was
untenanted. In the lower division of the house (which was a lean-to, about
ten feet by eight, against the south wall), four vines were trained against the
roof (their roots being outside the house). I waged war with partial success
against the mealy bug and other enemies, and, fortunately, they did not
appear to have a special fancy for Orchids.
Decidedly cold weather set in towards the end of the year. Some of my
plants were at that time suspended under the vine branches in the lower
division, and others were placed on the bed under the peach tree, I think,
on slates. During the night of the 4th January, 1894, there was a very
severe frost, and, on entering the greenhouse about nine o’clock the following
morning, I found a very serious state of things. | The thermometer in the
greenhouse then marked 29°, or three degrees of frost, and, no doubt, it
must have been much lower during the night. Of the suspended Orchids,
Tricophilia tortilis and Oncidium maculatum were clearly killed, and their
leaves and bulbs were all turning yellow. | Oncidium aurosum and Lycaste
aromatica lost one or more bulbs and leaves. The former recovered so far
as to make a small bulb the following year, but ultimately this was found to
be rotten, and the plant died either during the cold weather of February,
1895, or soon afterwards. Its roots had, before the frost, been very
barbarously half cut away by a gardener, whom I then occasionally
employed, with the idea of not moving it to a larger pot. It is very possible
that but for this it might have fared better.
The leaves of the Lycaste were very badly blotched. The plant was
_ taken out of its pot, and the rotten parts were cut away, and two pieces
were potted up separately.
_Each of these plants recovered, and made fair growth, and I still have

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 103

them both. One has flowered twice since (in 1896 and 1897), though its
bulbs are smaller, and the other has hitherto declined to flower. Possibly,
the original plant supplied was made up, and there are two plants of -
different constitution.

_ In one of these pots of Lycaste aromatica, a small plant appeared in
1894, which I first took to be a weed, but ultimately it made a very small
bulb and seemed a diminutive L. aromatica. I found on examination that
it was in no way connected with the plant in whose pot it was
growing, which favours the supposition that it was a seedling from seed
introduced with the material round the plant, but it has been suggested that
it may have sprung from some hidden eye (the old bulb in connection with
the main rhizome having rotted away). 1 may mention that I have since
had a small bulb form on the fop of an old bulb of Lycaste aromatica that
had been accidentally divided, the growth starting from the point whence -
the leaves had formerly sprung. Whatever may have been the origin of the
proposed seedling, it has made great progress, trebling its bulb each year,
and I expect it in a year or two to be big enough to bloom.

Returning to the frost of January 5th, 1894, it was noticeable that one
of the two Odontoglossum crispums, apparently the most delicate and least
established, and which happened to be suspended, appeared perfectly
unharmed, and made a very good growth during the following summer. It
has since proved to be a very pretty spotted variety, and is still in good
health. The other, which was going off flower and was placed on the bed
near the peach tree, lost some leaves, and made, later in the year, a growth
from a back bulb which it failed to complete. In 1895 and 1896, it also
made poor and undeveloped growths, but made a fine bulb in 1897, though
without flowering. It has thus taken over three years to pull round. The
apparent difference in hardiness between the two O. crispum may possibly
be explained by the compost of one having been wet, and that of the other
rather dry, and by the fact that the injured one may have been somewhat
exhausted by flowering ; or it is possible that it originated from a district of
lower elevation.

No harm of any kind was perceptible in the two Odontoglossum Rossii,
one of the Masdevallia Harryana, the Ccelogyne cristata, or the Cypri-
pedium insigne. The two O. Rossii both bloomed splendidly soon
afterwards, and all five plants are still in my possession, either as single
plants, or as represented by divisions from them.

The same frost which thus killed or seriously damaged a few Orchids
killed all the Salvia splendens and some Fuchsias and common Pelargoniums
in the greenhouse. The temperature about mid-day marked 20° outside our
dining-room window.

Almost immediately after this frost, I had to go to London, leaving my

104 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

plants in charge of my sister and of an ordinary gardener, who came once or
twice a week. I availed myself of this opportunity to visit Kew Gardens,
where I made some useful observations and enquiries in the Orchid houses.
I was recommended by one of the men employed there to get a Lough-
borough boiler, and so on my return a considerable improvement in the
heating arrangements of my greenhouse was made, the old and inefficient
gas-stove being replaced by a Halifax boiler (similar to the Loughborough
No.1), with 4-inch piping. Ialso put slates upon the stage at the end adjoining
the east wall, upon which I placed gravel, and I thenstood my Orchids upon
inverted pots over it. This enabled me to water freely and frequently
between the plants, and thus to create, as far as possible, the necessary
moist atmosphere in their immediate neighbourhood. Upon the pipes, near
the Orchids, I had placed two evaporating troughs.

About twice a year (in spring and autumn), I had a competent Orchid
gardener from Messrs. Veitch & Sons, of Exeter, to advise as to my plants, and
to do any necessary re-potting, &c., which at other times I did myself. The
good health and condition of the plants I then had was generally remarked
upon by him, though such plants as Primulas, Geraniums, and Begonias,
and even a few Cacti, were growing in the same house and doing well.

(To be continued.)

EULOPHIELLA PEETERSIANA.

WE have now the pleasure of recording the flowering of this remarkable
Orchid, in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking.
Its history was given at pages 67 and 101 of our last volume, and somewhat
later we recorded that the Burford plant was growing vigorously, and might
be expected to flower when the proper season came round, which event
has now taken place. The scape comes from below the leaves, as in E.
Elisabethe, and is over three feet high, and the flowers and_ buds number
about twenty, the lower ones only being expanded at the moment of
writing. They are over three inches broad, the petals and sepals being
very broad and round, and bright purple in colour, with a much darker
blotch at the apex. The lip is white with a broad purple border, and some
orange streaks in the throat. It is a most remarkable and very handsome
Orchid, and we congratulate Sir Trevor and his able grower, Mr. White,
on their success in flowering it. If it proves as easily grown as E.
Elisabethe it will prove a great acquisition. Should the flowers keep in
good condition we believe they may be exhibited at the next meeting of the
Royal Horticultural Society. Mr. White states that the plant isa free grower,
requiring plenty of heat and shade, and abundance of water when growing.
It should be potted firmly in peat and sphagnum, but not too deep.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 105
ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

WE are now approaching the best time of year for our favorites, and if
April brings us a considerable amount of work, it also gives us the first
impressions of spring. Orchids, like the inmates of our gardens, seem
to be influenced by the general awakening, which always characterises the
present season of the year. Just as in the open air the spring narcissus
have already succeeded the snowdrops, and will be followed by spring
bulbs, so in our Orchid houses we are now looking forward to some
real Spring flowers, in all their brillancy, to replace the winter species
which have once again disappeared. The bright sun, the clear atmosphere,
and the lengthening days, all conduce to the welfare of our plants, and
the number of Orchids already in bloom is considerable. And how
beautifully our houses are decorated by them, and what harmonious
contrasts are formed by the various species in flower.

The Cool house is still gaily ornamented with numerous graceful
spikes of Odontoglossum, whose blossoms, varying from the purest white
to the deep violet-purple of O. Edwardii, intermingle with the richly-
coloured O. triumphans and luteopurpureum, and with the aid of
Ceelogyne cristata, not yet over, species of Oncidium and Masdevallia,
Ada aurantiaca, and others, produce a most charming effect. The Cattleya
house is also beginning to don its new season’s dress, the splendid C.
Trianze and C. Schrodere with Lelia harpophylla and L. flava, forming
a fine contrast. The Warm house, too, possesses already a great number
of really good species, including Dendrobiums in full season; also many
Cypripedes and Selenipedes, and the truly beautiful Lelia glauca.

We may now take a glance round the houses, and note in more
detail what April will actually show us, for it is always interesting to
watch our favourites year after year taking their annual evolutions.

The Cool house seems to be nearly in its perfection, and other spring
species are coming on rapidly. The handsome Cochlioda sanguinea is
now blooming, and the rare Cypripedium californicum is already showing
its numerous flowers; among Masdevallias we have M. Schroederiana, X
Chelsoni and Veitchiana, with other interesting species and hybrids.
Besides those mentioned last month, which still make a good show,
Odontoglossum apterum and its variety candidulum are nearly open.
The old but always showy Sobralia macrantha is now opening its first
flowers. Beautiful also in their own peculiarities are the pretty Bartholina
pectinata, a South African species, with the lip broken up into numerous
radiating filaments, and the Australian Caladenia carnea alba, with its
pure white flowers. They should be grown in quite a cool house, and it

is a pity that they are so rarely seen. Scaphosepalum punctatum is

106 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

another curious species coming into flower, found in few collections.

The Intermediate and Cattleya houses will soon be in all their beauty,
So numerous are the plants flowering in these departments during the
spring and early summer. Cattleyas are now coming in season, and several
very showy species are already pushing up their buds through the sheath.
C. intermedia, Mendelii, Mossiz, the brilliant C. Lawrenceana and
C. Skinneri, will all be opened before the end of the month. The free-
growing Coelia Baueriana is now throwing up its spikes, also the beautiful
Epidendrum x O’Brienianum and E. elongatum are still in bloom. The
lovely Eriopsis rutidobulbon is showing for bloom, and thrives fairly well
grown in baskets close to the light. The richly-coloured Lelia cinnabarina
is showing its long spikes, and L. purpurata will show its buds in the
sheath during the month. Anguloas are now blooming, A. Clowesii,
with its sweet-scented flowers, and A. uniflora, being very good. Two
small-growing Lycastes now coming on are L. consobrina and brevispatha,
also the incomparable Maxillaria Sanderiana is now showing its spikes,
and may be in bloom before the month is out. Miltonias will soon be
in season. M. xX festiva and the handsome M. vexillaria are both
beginning to push up their first spikes. Odontoglossum citrosmum is
already opening, and we would advise all who possess this plant, to place
it when in bloom in a dry atmosphere in order to keep the flowers longer,
because in a growing temperature the blooms too quickly become spotted.
Among Oncidiums, throwing up their spikes, are O. Batemanianum,
sarcodes, concolor, Harrisonianum, and dichromum. Trichopilia coccinea,
tortilis and suavis are already in bloom and are very beautiful, and the
prettty Epiphronitis X Veitchii is still in flower. Pleurothallis scapha, and
various other botanical species might also be mentioned.

The Warm house is just now the most gaily decorated department,
for Dendrobes alone are forming a most charming display, and numerous
are the varieties flowering during this month. It is regrettable that many
of them present such cultural difficulties, and it is sometimes surprising
to notice how two plants coming from the same district, grown under
similiar conditions or treatment, will differ, one thriving fairly well and
the other not at all. Besides the well-known species we have now in
season, D. amcenum, cariniferum, the beautiful D. dixanthum, Foelschii,
hercoglossum, infundibulum, Jamesianum, Jenkinsii, the valuable D.
Lowii, O’Brienianum, Parishii, and the quite distinct D. purpureum,
Broughtonia lilacina and sanguinea are also ‘pushing up their spikes,
with Alrides multiflorum var Hughii, and the rare Angreecum descendens.
Several Ccelogynes are also sending up numerous spikes, as the old C.
Massangeana, always a free blooming species, C. Houlletiana, tomentosa,
uniflora, and conferta, and will show their flowers before the end of the

’ THE ORCHID REVIEW. 107

month. Amongst Cypripediums, which still form an interesting show, a
few more are now fast coming on, as C. Argus, Curtisii, hirsutissimum,
the handsome C. Lawrenceanum and C. Stonei. Lissochilus Krebesii is
a South African species which flowers quite freely after a thorough rest.
Phaius bicolor, and the graceful and sweet scented Platyclinis glumacea
should also be mentioned.

Many botanical species could be mentioned, but already we have
exceeded our alloted space, without nearly exhausting the list, for in
other collections various species will be found which we have omitted.

ODONTO.

CYMBIDIUM LOWIANUM WITH DOUBLE FLOWERS.

IT is most unusual to find all the flowers on an inflorescence fused together
in pairs, but we learn that in the collection of J. W. Hodgson, Esq., Higher
Bebington Hall, Birkenhead, one has now made its appearance. One of
these double flowers has been sent by Mr. Hodgson, who remarks that the
plant has ‘“‘twenty or thirty blooms on it, all the same, double.” In the
example sent the two ovaries are completely fused, and the two adjacent
lateral sepals are also united along their median nerve, but all the other
parts, including lip and column, are free, and thus every organ exists in
duplicate, and as the peculiarity extends to the entire inflorescence the effect
must be very curious. We are unable to suggest any reason for the
peculiarity, and should like to know if it is repeated next year. A case of
Odontoglossum gloriosum with five double flowers on the inflorescence is
recorded at page 238 of our second volume, but we do not call to mind
another instance of all the flowers being in this condition.

ODONTOGLOSSUM x LOOCHRISTIENSE.

WE have received from M. Ch. Vuylsteke another flower of the beautiful
Odontoglossum xX loochristiense, which was described at page 41. It is
from a second seedling out of the same batch, and is a decided improve-
ment on the original, being larger and brighter in colour—in some respects
resembling a brightly coloured O. Xx excellens, but with the essential
crispum shape, and toothed column wings. The petals are clear bright
yellow, without any trace of spots, but each sepal is lightly suffused with
a rosy purple tint, and bears a large cinnamon blotch above the middle.
A similar blotch also occurs on the lip. It is probable that the usual
amount of variation will appear as other seedings flower, but this point
may be left for the present.

108 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
HYBRIDISING DENDROBIUMS.

AN appeal for help from a brother amateur so far removed as Chicago, is a
strong inducement to give any assistance I am able to do, but I cannot but
think Mr. Le Moyne might be better advised than by me.

It would be an assistance to us all if one of our well-known amateur
raisers of seedlings would answer his questions, for perhaps it is asking too
much to expect the professional gardener to make public property of
essential details acquired in the pursuit of his business, and representing
so much capital ; still, any stimulus that can be imparted to the buying
community (and seed raising is a valuable aid in keeping up the interest)
must tend to the advantage of the sellers.

The point made that the emission of an odout palpable to our sense by
some flowers is an indication of their receptive condition, it appears to me,
so far as our experiments are concerned, may be dismissed by the
consideration that within reasonable limits as to time, the pollen once
placed on the stigmatic surface, even at an unsuitable moment, would
remain there unaltered to effect its purpose later on when the conditions
were favourable, and this remark applies equally to the question of time of
day, and presence of sunlight, but as regards the majority of Dendrobiums
I should think plenty of light is an essential condition to fertilisation. My
own practice is a convenient one, viz., to operate when I have time.

There are some very interesting letters in your earlier volumes from the
late Mr. Pfau and others on the fertilisation of Orchids in the tropics,
from which may be gleaned that in their native habitats the flowers are
visited by the insect medium as soon as they open; but these accounts all
refer to New World species, and I do not remember seeing any similar
contribution respecting Old World plants, the subjects now dealt with.
My experience, gained in this comparatively sunless district, is that it is a
mistake to fertilise Dendrobiums as soon as they are expanded—you lose
your flowers in the usual way, and the pedicels quickly follow suit. The
only success (partial) I have had with varieties which are short lived has
been when experiments have been made with flowers already fading.

The same observation applies to the pollen employed. I am inclined to
think it can scarcely be too old, and success has followed the use of flowers
which have been plucked for several days and allowed to wither before the
pollen was taken. Much useful experience in this direction, but respecting
the hybridisation of Cattleyas, was given in your fourth volume by Mr.
Mead, of Oviedo, Florida.

Again as to the amount, I may say I have never used the pollen of more
than one flower, and sometimes have divided that between two desirable
subjects when I have been short of it, and most of my pods have, when

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 109

ripe, contained thousands of fat seeds, which, under the microscope, clearly
revealed their germinating capacity. But this germination is another, and
seemingly more intricate subject.

Mr. Le Moyne uses my term “ half success” for his failures, so very
probably these have resulted, as I believe some of mine have done, from
giving water to the roots of the seed parent too soon after pollination,
One axiom my experience seems to impress, is that it should be applied
very sparingly indeed for some time—and a critical period in this respect
recurs during the resting period of the seed bearer.

No useful purpose would be served by recording my many failures, for I
am of opinion the majority of them are the result of inexperience in the
details above referred to, and not that the combination of the species made
use of is hopeless.

Liverpool. F. H. Moore.

CATTLEYA ALBINOS.

THE recent dispute about the so-called Cattleya Aclandie alba has drawn
attention to the question of albinism in Cattleyas rather prominently, and
in response to a letter from an esteemed correspondent, who suggests that a
list of the species which have produced albinos would be interesting, we
have collected together the following information on the subject. We may
take the labiata section first.

CATTLEYA LABIATA ALBA is a most beautiful albino, which, so far as we
know, was never heard of until the recent re-introduction of this fine old
autumn-flowering species. It first appeared, we believe, in the collection
of M. G. Warocqué, of Mariemont, Belgium, in January, 1891 (see Journ.
des Orch., i., p. 376, where it is recorded under the spurious name of C.
Warocqueana alba), but others soon followed, and on December 1 3th, 1892,
a plant from the collection of M. Wells, Esq., Broomfield, Sale, received a
First-class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society. The flower is
pure white with a little yellow on the disc.

C. GASKELLIANA ALBA appeared in 1888, both with R. H.
Measures, Esq., of Streatham, and with M. A. Van Imschoot, of Gand.
It is pure white, except for the yellow throat.—C. labiata Gaskelliana alba,
enh £ ia G.'C., 1888, iv., p. 178:

C. TRIANEZ ALBA can be traced back until 1882, when we find it
flowering with Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, at Chelsea (G. C., 1882,
xvii., p. 222), which was probably not its first appearance. Indeed, three
years later, when it was figured in Lindenia (i., p. 63, t- 29), it was said
to have appeared with M. J. Linden as long previously as 1867, though we

IIo THE ORCHID REVIEW.

do not find any record at the time. It is pure white with a deep yellow
throat.—C. labiata Trianz alba, Reichenbachia, ser. I, 11., p. 73, t. 81.

C. SCHRGDER& ALBA flowered with Messrs. F. Sander & Co., in 1888
(G. C., 1888, iv., p. 94), and agrees with the type in shape, and the orange
throat of the lip, the rest of the flower being white.—C. labiata Schrodere
alba, Reichenbachta, ser. 2, 1., p. 37, t. 17.

C. MenpELI BLunti is a most beautiful albino with only a light
yellow stain in the throat, which flowered in the collection of J. Day, Esq.,
of Tottenham, in 1876. It was originally named C. Bluntii, in honour of
Mr. H. Blunt, collector for Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., who sent it home.
Another albino of C. Mendelii is known as Quorndon House variety. It
flowered in the collection of W. E. J. B. Farnham, Esq., Quorndon
House, Loughborough, from one of Messrs. Sander’s importations, and
received a First-class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society on May
3rd, 1892. It was sold for 220 guineas at the disposal of the collection.—
C. labiata Mendelii Quorndon House var., Reichenbachia ser. 2, ii., p. 33, t- 64.

(To be continued.)

——$ ~~ -

ODONTOGLOSSUM x MURRELLIANUM VAR. STEVENSII.

A VERY interesting and beautiful Odontoglossum has appeared in the
collection of John Stevens, Esq., of Twickenham. It was purchased ina
batch of O. triumphans and O. Pescatorei mixed, but is evidently a natural
hybrid between the latter and O. gloriosum, which are known to grow
together, and which I believe are the parents of O. X Murrellianum, as
pointed out in a previous note (ante, ii. p. 329), where the history of the
hybrid is given. It differs from the original in having more acuminate,
spotted segments; in fact it shows the influence of O. gloriosum as strongly
as does the original that of O. Pescatorei, yet I believe that both have the
same origin. The flowers are ivory white, the sepals having a large red-purple
blotch above the middle and another irregular one below it, and the petals
three similar lines at the base and three or four irregular blotches about
the middle. The lip is pandurate, acuminate at the apex, ivory white, with
a pair of red-purple spots in front of the crest, the claw being bright yellow
with a few brown lines and streaks. The crest consists of a pair of
prominent yellow-toothed calli, as in O. gloriosum, with a small additional
tooth on either side, and the column wings are cirrhose, as in O. gloriosum.
The characters of O. Pescatorei are very obvious in the shape of the lip
and colour of the flower, but those of O. gloriosum preponderate elsewhere.

It is probably weak, as the spike has at present only six flowers. in
R.A.R.

ee ee ee

THE ORCHID REVIEW. II

CATTLEYA TRIANAZ VARIETIES.

SEVERAL other varieties of Cattleya Triane have been sent to supplement
our remarks at page 71, and some with request for names. The latter point
is not so easy as might at first appear, for so variable is this Cattleya in
colour and other details that it is difficult to find two flowers exactly alike,
and some of the named forms are individuals rather than varieties. Our
remarks are not intended to be taken in that sense, but rather as an attempt
to arrange the different variations under certain heads according to the
prevailing types, so as to facilitate their identification. Thus the varieties
alba, delicata, tricolor, &c., have some real significance, but it does not
follow that the different individuals referred to them are absolutely identical,
and this is especially the case with such varieties as Backhouseana, which
take their name from some well-marked peculiarity which is apt to recur
from time to time in different importations. There may be plants with a
feathered blotch at the apex of the petals, called Backhouseana, in various
collections, but all may not be identical with the one to which the name
was originally given. And this condition of things must apply to any plant
which cannot be multiplied rapidly. If we could propagate choice varieties
quickly by cuttings or by seed, the best and most distinct would soon dis-
place inferior ones, and greater uniformity would be attained; but with
Orchids this is not possible. We make these remarks in order to avoid
being misunderstood, for there are a few named varieties which hardly ever
recur in a condition quite equal to the original plant, and some might object
to the use of the original name as misleading. Others re-appear in superior
form, and this is sometimes held as a sufficient reason for giving a new
name. Both these points have been raised in correspondence, and we can
only once more express our conviction that for varieties of Orchids generally
a certain amount of latitude must be allowed.

From the collection of F. M. Burton, Esq., Highfield, Gainsborough,
are sent two very pretty forms, one having white sepals and petals and the
lip rose-pink throughout, except for the yellow disc, thus forming a rather
striking contrast. We do not find anything quite corresponding to it. The
second has rose-pink sepals and petals, and the front lobe of the lip brilliant
amethyst, and may be considered fairly typical.

A very brightly coloured form comes from the collection of Alfred Darby,
Esq., Little Ness, Shrewsbury, with bright rose-purple sepals and petals,
and a rather darker lip, with deep yellow throat. This we do not quite
identify, but several named varieties of this type are very loosely defined.

One from the collection of W. S. M’ Millan, Esq., of Maghull, Liverpool,
has light rose-purple sepals and petals, and the front lobe of the lip
extremely dark, and may be referred to the variety ATALANTA.

112 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A form from the collection of H. J. Elwes, Esq., Colesborne, Gloucester-
shire, is remarkable for possessing a deep yellow stripe along the centre of
the lateral sepals, as in the variety VANNERIANA. This looks like a freak,
and it will be interesting to see if it proves constant.

Two light forms come from the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq.,
of Teignmouth, one of them very good, but the other apparently
undeveloped.

THE HYBRIDIST.
PAPHIOPEDIUM X APPLETONI#.

Tus is a large and handsome hybrid, raised in the collection of W. M.
Appleton, Esq., of Weston-super-Mare, between P. X Harrisianum ?
and P. ciliolare g¢. It is most like the former in general character, but
is modified in shape, and the influence of the pollen parent is very
obvious in the strongly ciliate petals. The dorsal sepal is very broadly
ovate, somewhat reflexed at the sides, and the colour reddish-purple, with
blackish-purple nerves, and a narrow white margin. The upper halves of
the petals are shining purple-brown, with a few small blackish warts
along the margin, and the lower halves greenish, both having darker
veins, and some small small spots at the base, while the apex shades off
into light reddish-purple. The lip is deep purple-brown in front, and the
staminode approaches the seed parent in shape. It is a flower of
excellent shape and texture, very deep and rich in colour, and is likely to
prove a decided acquisition to the genus.
PAPHIOPEDIUM X WESTONIENSE.

A particularly interesting little hybrid raised in the collection of W. M.
Appleton, Esq., of Weston-super-Mare, from P. Appletonianum ¢? and P.
barbatum Warneri g. It immediately recalls P. x siamense, a natural
hybrid between P. Appletonianum and P. callosum, figured, with its two
parents, at page 17 of our fourth volume, but has a smaller dorsal sepal,
with the veins more purple at the sides, and the apical halves of the
petals much brighter purple. There are several small black warts along
the upper margin of the petals, and the lip and staminode are fairly
intermediate in character. The hybrid is fairly intermediate between the
parents, though the dorsal sepal is most like P. barbatum. The resemblance
to the natural hybrid just mentioned is easily accounted for when we
remember how nearly allied to each other P. barbatum and P. callosum
are. So far as we know, it is the first hybrid of artificial origin from P.
Appletonianum.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 113

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM FRANZ MASAREEL.

By kind permission of M. Jules Hye-Leysen, of Ghent, we are enabled
to figure this magnificent variety, from a photograph taken of a bloom
sent by him to Mr. de Barri Crawshay, of Sevenoaks, who has lent it us
The sepals and petals have the ground

to reproduce. It is taken life size.
them

colour white, but owing to the immense amount of blotching
being much coloured, there is an appearance o
beautiful

il

~

and the external surface
rose here and there, especially at the points, making a most
contrast to the solid deep claret-purple markings of the petals, the sepals
a duller

crimson-brown shade. The outer band is o

shade of purple and is surrounded by a clear white margin. The lip is

being more of a

Fig. 4. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM FRANZ MASEREEL.
white with crimson-purple spots, with disc and crest chrome yellow.
The column is of the same shade as the markings on the petals, fading
to brown at the base. This remarkable variety, which stands near to
O. c. Baroness Schréder, was imported by Mr. Aimé van den Bogaerde,
of Birmingham, and sold as an imported plant with many others to
M. Vervaet & Cie., of Ghent, who were fortunate enough to bloom it them-
selves. The spike appeared at a meeting of the R. H. S. on November 13th,
1894, when it was awarded a First-class Certificate, and it was again shown
there on November 26th, 1895. Since then, M. Jules Hye has purchased it
at a very high figure. It is one of the most beautiful of what may be termed

the ‘‘ purple” section of blotched crispums.

114 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM VARIETIES.

WE have received from M. Jules Hye-Leysen, of Ghent, a series of five very
beautiful varieties of Odontoglossum crispum. The first is O. c. HYEANUM,
and is remarkable both for the large amount of colouring on the
segments and its richness. The petals are an inch broad, and the sepals
a little narrower, while the rich crimson-purple blotches of both are
almost entirely confluent into one, leaving a small white area at the base,
another at the apex, a narrow white margin, and a few irregular white
markings here and there in the coloured area. On the lip the blotches are
smaller and less confluent. The flower measures 3} inches from tip to tip of
the petals, and is one of the most brilliant which we have yet seen. O. C.
CAPARTIANUM has much improved since it was figured in our pages in
1894 (li., pp. 241, 242, fig. 26), as it now measures 3} inches in diameter
across the petals. The markings are bright cinnamon, and very similar in
shape to what they were when our photograph was taken, though the petals
are more alike, while the ground colour is suffused and somewhat splashed
with rose, the former chiefly on the sepals. O. c. WRIGLEYANUM is
rather larger, and has much rounder blotches, those in the centre of
the three upper segments being confluent, with more white at the base.
O. c. PUNCTATO-VIOLACEUM is much like a large O. c. roseum, the rosy
suffusion slightly inclining to purple, especially near the centre, where
also occur a few small darker dots. The petals are 1} inches in diameter.
and the sepals correspondingly broad. O. c. Ghislaine is a very pretty
form, with white ground and light chestnut blotches, three on each sepal,
very large and somewhat transverse, and those on the petals forming a
kind of zone, but larger and confluent towards the apex. They form a
very beautiful group, and also afford evidence of excellent culture.

A beautiful flower of O. c. Cooksoni is sent from the collection of
Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne, taken from part
of the type plant figured in the Orchid Album (vol. iii., t. 118). It is a
large form, of excellent shape, with broad white sepals and petals, heavily
blotched with deep chestnut-brown. The lip has a large blotch in front
of the crest, and several small spots on either side, and the principal
blotch on the sepals is also very large, the remainder, as also those on
the petals, being smaller. It is very beautiful.

Two flowers of the handsome O. c. ARTHURIANUM are sent from the
collection of W. Vanner, Esq., Camden Wood, Chislehurst. The shape
is very good, and the red-purple markings on the sepals and petals are
more or less confluent into one large irregular blotch, having a white base
and margin. The blotch on the lip is very small with a few additional
spots. F.-c. C., R.H.S., March 10, 1896.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. tr5

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR APRIL.

By H. A. BURBERRY.

I May here again repeat my advice of February last concerning the great
benefit of shading Orchids during early spring. Remember that the plants,
when emerging from the dull weather of winter, are rendered somewhat
soft or sappy, and unable, therefore, to withstand sudden or long spells of
hot, bright sunshine direct upon them. Many Orchids are thus maimed,
and the greater part of the beautiful growing weather of the summer is
taken up in restoring to them that which they lost in the course of an hour
or two’s neglect by omitting to shade. The moral is, attend well to the
shading and damping down in early spring, and gradually inure your plants
to the bright weather. Orchids in this respect may easily be compared to
the common bedding plants of our gardens, many of which will stand with
impunity cold strong winds and many degrees of actual frost during the
autumn that would kill them outright immediately after being placed out of
doors in Spring.

The inmates of the East Indian house are now among those requiring
attention in the way of top-dressing or repotting. Owing to the increased
warmth from the sun and moisture in the atmosphere they are starting to
make new roots in profusion. Should any of them have got into that
condition commonly known as ‘“leggy,’’ they may be thought somewhat
unsightly, especially by the grower who is in the habit of seeing them con-
tinually. His susceptibilities are offended because they do not present a
neat and well cared for appearance, and he is sorely tempted to “lower
them.” Now, this cutting down and lowering business may or may not be
the correct thing to do, and I would advise a little consideration before
actually using the knife. It is very nice to see these plants with their stems
clothed from the base upwards wlth healthy green foliage, but in the best
interest of the plants this is not always possible. In some cases the speci-
men may be skilfully lowered, and the result attained without the slightest
injury, but in others it too often proves to be the beginning of the end. By
all means lower a specimen if it can be accomplished without cutting away
any part of the living stem or roots; but if any living, healthy roots have
to be detached, then leave the lowering alone. After all, it should be
remembered that it is perfectly natural for these aérial-rooting Orchids
sooner or later to lose some of their lower leaves. If left alone, and well
grown, young breaks will in due time push out from the bare stem some-
where near its base, and will soon hide its nakedness.

I have been told on several occasions, by those who ought to know,
that we certainly do not cultivate East Indian Orchids nearly as well as
was the case twenty or thirty years ago, or even longer. They refer to

116 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the era of the old-fashioned flue system of heating the houses, and what
lends a good deal of colour to their argument, and induces me to think that
there is considerable truth in their contention, is the fact that I have
myself seen some most remarkably well-cultivated specimens of such
species as Phalenopsis, Aérides, Saccolabium, Angreecum, and even Chysis
bractescens and Peristeria elata, come out of such houses. If they are
right, and East Indian Orchids were really cultivated with greater success
then than now, what is the cause of the difference? It cannot be that
we understand them less,.that they are imported in fewer numbers, or that
the passage takes longer. There is only one explanation that occurs to
me as likely to be correct, namely, the probable drier atmosphere and perhaps
lower temperature during the winter or resting season. _It is probable that
those houses which were heated by the old flue system had a tendency to
become much drier during winter, when firing was kept up pretty con-
tinually, owing to its action on the great mass of masonry necessary to
make the flue chamber absolutely proof against possible leakage. It
would then be so dry that whatever moisture might be distributed about
the house would quickly become absorbed by the warm dry bricks, and
thus render a stagnant fungoid-producing atmosphere almost impossible.
During the summer time, of course, the fires would be lighted only under
exceptional circumstances, and the chances are that the atmosphere of the
old-fashioned Stove hotise was even more heavily-laden with moisture than
those of our own day. I think this is a matter well worth a little con-
sideration. There is no doubt in my mind that Stove or East Indian
house plants are frequently kept too wet during winter, both at the roots
and in the air, and thus we introduce ‘“‘ spot’ and other diseases, whilst the
plants themselves are less vigorous and hardy, and consequently unable to
make such rapid and luxuriant growth when the proper season arrives.

The growing season is now rapidly approaching, and we must lose no
time in looking over the plants and putting them in good order. They
are best accommodated in teak wood baskets or cylinders, or failing these,
perforated pots or pans, which are better for these essentially erial-rooting
Orchids than the ordinary garden pot, which has no holes through which
the air can circulate. If the roots are in good condition, don’t disturb
the plants, but simply pick out as much of the old worn out compost as
possible, and replenish with fresh sphagnum moss. If the roots have not
a firm grip of the cylinder or baskets the plant may be unsteady, and if so
should always be securely supported by the aid of a neat green-painted
stick. If any plant is “leggy,” and a way can be devised to lower the
same without serious injury occuring to the roots, let the cylinder or basket
be sufficiently large at its base to admit of its holding comfortably the mass
_of ‘roots, without crushing or breaking. It frequently happens that the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 117

bottom part of the receptacle occupied by these species is required to be
larger than any other part, because in order to lower the plant the stem
must go to the bottom of the receptacle, and the lower portion of the stem
usually contains the greatest part of the most serviceable roots, and as pots
are narrower there than elsewhere they are not so well adapted for the
purpose. Fill in between the roots-with charcoal, first soaked in water,
and crocks. A good substitute for crocks is burnt clay, or broken brick-
bats, which absorb the moisture better and give it off again more gradually
than does the hard burnt pot ware. They also seem softer, warmer, and
more suitable for the roots to ramble in. — Finish off at the top with a
layer of fresh sphagnum moss, which, though not really necessary, gives a
better and neater appearance to the plants.

This growing sphagnum moss on the surface of the basket is not always
a sound criterion as to whether water is required or not, and may be the
means of misleading the inexperienced. The correct way to supply
nourishment to aérial growing Orchids is through the atmosphere, as no
amount of wet soddened material immediately round the stem will com-
pensate for a parched-up atmosphere. It must not be supposed that
because the surface moss is moist and in a growing condition that the
plant is sufficiently watered, for the roots that are exposed or clinging
round the bars of the receptacle must also be attended to. During
summer I advise that the exposed roots should be moistened with tepid
soft water two or three times a day, or as often as the condition of the
weather may seem to demand, by working the syringe well round the
baskets and cylinders that contain them.

To this house, suspended from the roof, 1 commend the hot growing
Dendrobiums, such as D. Phaleznopsis, bigibbum, Benson, capillipes,
Brymerianum, cretaceum, crepidatum, Parishii, tortile, superbiens, macro-.
phyllum, Harveyanum, Dalhousianum, Dearei, and crystallinum, which not
only require greater warmth during growth than most others, but during
the resting season also. Various others, though requiring a fair amount of
warmth when growing, can be given too much, as they come from higher
altitudes, and greatly prefer the general conditions of the Cattleya house,
where they make finer growth, and keep freer from spot and other diseases-
Amongst the latter are such beautiful species as D. Wardianum, crassinode,
thyrsiflorum, densiflorum, Findlayanum, Devonianum, Pierardii, nobile,
ochreatum, primulinum, Loddigesii, albo-sanguineum, aureum, chrysanthum,
chrysotoxum, suavissimum, Falconeri, formosum, japonicum, Linawianum,
luteolum, and lituiflorum. Of course I am speaking now of the summer
or growing conditions ; when it comes to the winter, or resting conditions,
this last named group would again have to be divided, some remaining in
the Cattleya house temperature, and others going to a Cool greenhouse.

118 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

In cultural matters a good deal depends on where a Dendrobium is wintered.
This reminds me that when writing the February Calendar I made a some-
what misleading remark by indicating that Dendrobium crassinode and primu-
linum required similar treatment to D. Wardianum. This applies only to
treatment during summer, but the low temperature enjoyed by the latter
during winter would probably kill the two former species, especially
D. primulinum, which should never be wintered lower than Intermediate
house temperature. Respecting the many garden hybrids now in culti-
vation, it may be remarked that the treatment best suited for the parent
species is generally applicable, and thus records of parentages are useful for
cultural purposes.

The deciduous Calanthes will require repotting this month. C. xX
Veitchii and others of the vestita group are most useful for winter blooming.
Rich sandy loam is a capital thing to grow them in, and the pots should be
half-filled with drainage. They grow well either singly, or several in a pot,
if care be taken that the pot selected be not over large. Pot firmly, and
secure the pseudobulb with a small stick. Calanthes succeed best in the
temperature of the warmest house, and must be watered with great care,
particularly from the time of repotting until the roots have well filled the
pots.

_ A gardener remarked to me the other day that Calanthes seemed to him
to be generally better grown in general collections than in regular Orchid
collections. His argument was that those who did not profess to understand
Orchids grew these Calanthes better along with their ordinary stove plants
than did the Orchid grower who practically cultivated nothing but Orchids.
I conceded the point, for I have observed the selfsame thing; not always,
but twice out of every three cases, and the reason is not far to seek. The
general man eventually finds a position in his Stove or, perhaps, the Cucumber
house, which he finds well adapted for the growth of his Calanthes, and is
able to reserve this position each year ; thus success is assured. But with
the regular Orchid grower Calanthes are often ousted from the most suitable
positions by more rare and costly species, which must have the best places
and the lion’s share of attention. Not that he neglects his Calanthes in
respect to watering and other matters ; perhaps they get a little too much
attention and kindly coddling, and thus in trying to grow his plants too well
he fails.

There.are other Orchids besides Calanthes that resent too much meddling
or interfering with, and I have little doubt that they frequently get worried
to death by these means. We get over-anxious about our pets ; too careful
that they shall have water at regular intervals ; and by a too frequent repe-
tition of dose after dose the compost gets into a bad state, and the plant
becomes unhealthy, and a prey to all kinds of diseases. Again, by our over-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 119g

anxiety we are sometimes tempted to turn a plant out and repot it when
not actually necessary, perhaps just as it has fairly recovered from its
previous disturbance, and is in the best possible condition for making rapid
and vigorous growth. How often have we gone into the afore-mentioned
general gardener’s Stove and there been struck by some specimen Orchid
doing grandly, but which had practically taken care of itself for years and
years. The conditions suited it perfectly well, and all it required was to be
left alone to enjoy them uninterruptedly.

New roots are now pushing forth in every direction, and so fast will be
the growth at this season that it will keep one busy, as regards repotting,
top-dressing, &c., to keep pace with the times. Let those plants that are
singled out for repotting be done thoroughly and well, top-dressing only
those that may reasonably be expected to pass another year in safety. I
have spoken strongly against repotting if not really wanted, because, how-
ever carefully it is done, it is apt to cause a check to the plants. But a
time arrives when it is absolutely necessary, and delay is then still more
dangerous. It is then the lesser of two evils, and we know what would
happen to our choice Dendrobium species and hybrids if we failed to keep
the compost in which they root perfectly sweet. Keep Dendrobes in small
receptacles, and be very careful not to over-water at this early time of the
year, or some of the more sensitive kinds will quickly damp off. Give them
time to properly digest or cast off the effect of the last watering before
repeating the same. On account of damping off, I prefer not to syringe
Dendrobiums over-head for some time to come.

Cattleyas and Lzlias must not be allowed to push their pseudobulbs
too far over the rims of the pots before being taken in hand, or they will
get in a bad way by exhaustion. It is never wise to let any Orchid become
exhausted before repotting. The syringe may be used now pretty freely
among Lelias and Cattleyas with beneficial results. For the coolest house,
however, I would not advise over-head syringing just yet.

ROYAL BOTANICAL AND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF
MANCHESTER,

THE spring exhibition of this Society was opened at the large room in the
Manchester Town Hall on March 15th, and although nominally a show of
spring flowers, the great feature was Orchids. These exhibitions have for
some years been noted for the display of Orchids, but the present show
surpasses any previous one in the number of plants in this section, and the
quality is well maintained. Manchester has always been noted as a centre
for Orchidists, but it seems lately to have even excelled itself, thanks, no

120 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

doubt to a great extent, to the encouragement given to cultivators by the
Manchester and North of England Orchid Society.

First honours on this occasion fell to E. Ashworth, Esq., of Wilmslow,
who obtained the large Gold Medal of the Society for a wonderfully good
group. A First-class Certificate was awarded: to a new form of
Dendrobium, named D. nobile Ashworthianum. This is a very beautiful
albino, of an entire greenish white, but we are somewhat doubtful as to its
being a true nobile. It is a most interesting and pretty torm, but may be
anatural hybrid. Cattleya Triane Ashworthii also obtained a First-class
Certificate. It is an imported plant, flowering for the first time in this
country. The bloom is very large and of very good substance, with nearly
white sepals and petals and showing rather more colour in the lip, but it is
a little wanting in form. Another, named C. T. Arthur Ashworth is distinct
and excellent, and obtained a First-class Certificate. C. T. Harefield Hall
variety, a very beautiful flower with pure white petals and sepals of
excellent form, and with very dark lip, also obtained a First-class Certificate.
Mr. Ashworth’s group was also remarkable for the number of rare and
beautiful Dendrobiums it contained. Besides the plant we have already
named there was a very distinct form of D. Wardianum which was quite
yellow in colour in those parts which in the typical variety are white; this
was named Beatrice Ashworth, and obtained a First-class Certificate.
The handsome D, W. Harefield variety also obtained a First-class
Certificate. It is near the variety ochroleucum, but has a slight indication
of the eyes seen in the type, which are entirely absent in D. W. ochro-
leucum. Other beautiful Dendrobiums we noticed were D. X Rainbow,
and a fine specimen plant of D. x splendidissimum grandiflorum, which,
with many other fine and rare forms, went to make up an exceedingly fine
exhibit.

The next exhibit in point of merit was that staged by Mr. James Cypher,
of Cheltenham, which obtained the Society’s Gold Medal, and consisted of
an exceptionally large number of well-grown plants arranged with great
taste and in the pink of condition. The most striking plant in the
collection was, we thought, a form of Cattleya Triane, to which no
varietal name had been assigned. It was a beautiful compact flower with
pink petals and sepals, of good form and substance, and the lip well open
with very dark maroon blotch on the front lobe, ending with an
exceptionally sharply defined line against a pure white band which merged
into a delicate lemon colour and then became darker in the throat. It
obtained a First-class Certificate. Another good thing was Cattleya
Warneri, which received an Award of Merit. A noticeable plant was ~
Cypripedium villosum magnificum, with very large flowers, the dorsal
sepal being much greener than in the type. This, too, obtained a First-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 121

class Certificate. Dendrobium Phalznopsis constituted a very pretty
feature in this group, being shown in quantity and great variety.

W. Thompson, Esq., of Stone, was awarded a Silver Medal for a
choice and well grown lot, amongst which the Odontoglossums stood out
conspicuously as specimens of good cultivation. A First-class Certificate
was awarded to Dendrobium Xx Backhousei (D. thrysiflorum x nobile) a
very interesting hybrid which was described in our last volume (pp. 76, r10).

S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range, obtained a Silver Medal for a small
but choice group. Dendrobium x Rubens grandiflorum was shewn in
excellent form and obtained a First-class Certificate, and Odontoglossum
x Wilckeanum with a very strong spike received both a Cultural Certificate
and an Award of Merit. Other noticeable plants in this exhibit were
Cypripedium X Thompsoni (A. M.) C. xX Harrisianum albens, and
Dendrobium crassinode album.

S. Hinchcliffe, Esq., Altrincham, received a Silver Medal for a good
miscellaneous collection.

Mr. John Robson, of Altrincham, was also awarded a Silver Medal
for a large and creditable exhibit, amongst which a very good form of
Dendrobium nobile named Robsonz stood out conspicuously and ob-
tained a First-class Certificate.

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., of Bradford, obtained a Silver Medal
for a very interesting group of clean and well grown plants, in which forms
of Phaius X Norman were the principal feature, and obtained a First-
class Certificate. Dendrobium xX Owenianum was noticeable and received
an Award of Merit, and there were several good Odontoglossums.

A. Warburton, Esq:, Haslingden, staged a small collection, strong in
Odontoglossums, for one of which, a heavily spotted variety of O. crispum,
he was awarded a First-class Certificate.

Fred Hardy, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey, also contributed a small group,
obtaining a First-class Certificate for Cattleya Mendelii, and an Award of
Merit for Dendrobium xX Clio.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND
ORCHID SOCIETY,

THERE was a very good display of Orchids at the meeting held at the
Manchester Coal Exchange on March roth. Present: Messrs. G. Shorland
Ball (in the chair), G. W. Law-Schofield, Rappart, Greenwood, Sidebotham,
Warburton, Cypher, Gratrix, Johnson, Weathers, and Gent (Hon. Sec.).

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Hay), showed a
very fine form of Cattleya Lueddemanniana (speciosissima) Ernestii (First-
class Certificate), Dendrobium fimbriatum, and two forms of D. xX
Schneiderianum.

122 THE ORCHID. REVIEW.

D. B. Rappart, Esq., Liscard, Cheshire (gr. Mr. Nicholson), staged the
very pretty and rare Dendrobium X Luna (Award of Merit).

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., New Hall Hey, Rawtenstall, exhibited the
beautiful Dendrobium x Rainbow (F-c. C.), D. xX Schneiderianum
(A. M.), D. xX Luna (A. M.), D. x Kenneth, and Cypripedium x
Schofieldianum (A. M.).

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson),
showed Dendrobium X_ splendidissimum illustre, which is undoubtedly
one of the best of its section, though it obtained an Award of Merit only,
The same exhibitor also showed D. x splendidissimum, D. x Juno.
Cypripedium X Wottonii rubens, a very fine cross between C. bellatulum
and C. callosum (A. M.), a very dark form of C. hirsutissimum, and
Lelia x Euterpe.

H. Greenwood, Esq., Highfield, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Spurr), showed
Cattleya Triane, Highfield variety (A. M.), C. Walkeriana, Cypripedium
Xx conco-callosum, and Cymbidium eburneum.

S. Gratrix, Esq., West Point, Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod),
staged Odontoglossum Xx Wilckeanum with a magnificent spike (Cultural
Certificate), Cypripedium xX Leysenianum (A. M.), C. x Mary Gratrix,
C. X Thompsoni (A. M.), C. * Harrisianum albens (A. M.), Dendrobium
Rubens grandiflorum (A. M.), and Dendrobium crassinode album (A. M.).

E. J. Sidebotham, Esq., Erlesdene, Bowdon (gr. Mr. Shiner), showed
Dendrobium nobile Ballianum very well flowered (A. M.), D. x Desdemona
and D. X Schneiderianum.

A. Warbuton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden, staged an interesting
collection of 24 varieties of Dendrobium blooms, which received a Vote
of Thanks.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury. (gr. Mr. Rogers), staged
Cypripedium X cenanthum superbum, C. Mastersianum, and a form of
C. X Adrastus (Leeanum xX Boxallii).

H. H. Bolton, Esq., Height Side, Newchurch, showed Miltonia
Endresii, a beautiful Orchid, very rarely seen.

Messrs. Linden & Co., Brussels, staged Odontoglossum x Ruckerianum
superbum, a magnificent variety and very well flowered, which received
an Award of Merit.

W. Duckworth, Esq., Shawe Hall, Flixton (gr. Mr. Tindale), showed
Dendrobium nobile, Duckworth’s variety (A. M.), D. x Leechianum,
and Cattleya Trianze Dorothy.

E. Stanley Clark, Esq., Oak Alyn, Wrexham (gr. Mr. Edwards),
showed Cattleya Triane Mrs. Stanley Clark (A. M.), Odontoglossum
crispum Mrs. Stanley Clark (A. M.), O. Harryanum, Cypripedium xX
Lathamianum (Cultural Certificate), and Dendrobium nobile.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 123

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Bradford, showed four very pretty Phaius
seedlings, P. X Cooksoni, P. X Norman, P. x N. aureus (A. M.), and
P.- x N. roseus (A. M.).

Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham, staged a beautiful group of Dendro-
biums, in the pink of health and condition, viz., D. nobile splendens
(Cultural Certificate), D. n. magnificum (C. C.), D.n. Fisheri (A. M.),
and D. n. majus (A. M.).

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, showed a very fine plant and
good form of Lycaste Skinneri alba (A. M.), and a Cypripedium seedling
(Harrisianum superbum x _ Boxalli atratum), which we refer to C. x
Eismannianum.

Mr. Wm. Owen, Hartford Nurseries, Northwich, showed a good form
of Cattleya Triane.

H. Shaw, Esq., Heath Field, Birch Vale (gr. Mr. Cliffe), showed
Cattleya Triane and Dendrobium nobile nobilius.

Mr. C. J. Crosfield (no address given), showed a very pretty Cattleya
Trianz albens (A. M.).

W.H. Almond, Esq., Alum Scar, Blackburm, showed Odontoglossum
crispum Dorothy, a very fine spotted variety of good round form (A. M.).

At the meeting held on March 24th, the exhibits were rather less numerous,
but of excellent quality. Present: Messrs. Thompson (in the chair), G.
Shorland Ball, Backhouse, Bolton, Greenwood, Leemann, Stevens, Side-
botham, Warburton, Weathers, and Gent (Hon. Sec.).

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Hay), showed
Dendrobium xX splendidissimum illustre (First-class Certificate), D. X
Rubens grandiflorum (Award of Merit), D. x Aspasia, D. x Apollo grandi-
florum, Odontoglossum crispum, Cypripedium villosum giganteum, and a
seedling Cypripedium from C. superbiens X niveum—a form of C. X
Georgianum (Award of Merit).

John Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Dendro-
bium nobile, D. X Cybele (A.M.), Cattleya Triane, Phaius X Cookson,
Odontoglossum luteopurpureum (A.M.), O. Pescatorei (A. M.), O. cirrhosum,
Cypripedium Rothschildianum, C. X selligerum majus, an exceedingly fine
form (First-class Certificate), C. villosum giganteum, C. X Germinyanum
violaceum, C. X Harrisianum Albino (Award of Merit), C. Boxallii atratum,
and Mesospinidium sanguineum (Cultural Certificate).

Edward Holt, Esq., Bury Old Road, Prestwich (gr. Mr. Murphy),
showed Cymbidium X eburneo-Lowianum (Award of Merit).

M. G. Buckley, Esq., Westfield, Greenfield (gr. Mr. Robinson), showed
a yellow variety of Cypripedium insigne in the way of Balliz.

G. Richardson, Esq., Hale, Altrincham, showed Cattleya citrina, a well-
flowered specimen, for which he received a Cultural Certificate.

124 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

E. J. Sidebotham, Esq., Eslerdene, Bowdon (gr. Mr. Shiner), showed
Dendrobium Jamesianum very well flowered, Cymbidium concolor (A. M.),
Ceelogyne cristata alba, and Cattleya Schroedere.

Mr. John Robson, Bowdon, showed Dendrobium nobile Amesie (Award
of Merit), D. fimbriatum oculatum (A. M.), D. nobile nobilius, D. n.
Ashworthie, D. n. superbum, D. n. giganteum, D. n. marmoratum, and two
cut blooms of Cypripedium x Mons le Curte.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THERE was a very fine display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James Street,
Westminster, on March 8th, and a very full meeting of the Orchid Com-
mittee, the members present being :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and
Messrs. J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.), E. Ashworth, H. Ballantine, T. W. Bond,
H. Chapman, N. C. Cookson, S. Courtauld, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas,
T. B. Haywood, E. Hill, J. Jacques, H. Little, H. M. Pollett, W. H.
Protheroe, F. Sander, A. H. Smee, T. Statter, F. J. Thorne, W. H. White,
C. Winn, and W. H. Young.

Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham, (gr. Mr. Ballantine) showed
the splendid Odontoglossum crispum Baroness Schroder, in which the
flowers are of a rich claret-purple shade except at the margin, which is
white, and a few similar spots and markings where the large blotches are
not quite confluent. The Committee recommended that a Gold Medal be
awarded. He also exhibited two fine spikes of O. brevifolium, the rare O.
xX Cookeanum, O. Pescatorei xanthocentrum, O. X Coradinei, O.
luteopurpureum Amesianum, a pale yellow variety, also splendid spikes of
Calanthe xX Baron Schréder, and its varieties superba and delicata, a
Cultural Commendation being awarded to the group.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Aldous) received a
First-class Certificate for a magnificent Odontoglossum called O. X
Wilckeanum Pittie, which, according toa note at page 165 of our last
volume, is a subdivision of O. x W. Queen Empress, to which a similar award
was given last year (vide supra, v., p. 155).

T. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch, Reigate (gr. Mr. Salter), showed
a plant called Lelio-cattleya x Haywoodii, of unrecorded parentage, but
much like L.-c. X Hippolyta, and a group of Dendrobium x Ainsworthii
called Woodhatch variety with cream white segments, the latter receving
an Award of Merit.

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan),
received an Award of Merit for a plant called Lelio-cattleya xX
warnhamensis (L. cinnabarina x parent unrecorded), a very fine hybrid,
much like L.-c. x Hippolyta.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. tag

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq:; Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond),
staged a group of three dozen well-grown plants of Dendrobium x
splendidissimum grandiflorum, to which a Cultural Commendation was
given.

M. Otto Froebel, Zurich, sent Spiranthes colorata maculata, to which
a Botanical Certificate was given.

M. E. Zollinger-Jenny, Wollishofen, near Zurich, sent a fine branched
spike of Odontoglossum ramosissimum with handsomely spotted flowers, a
Vote of Thanks being accorded.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), sent
Dendrobium xX Clio and D. ¥ murrhiniacum var. Euterpe (nobile X Wardi-
anum), both very handsome.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook), sent
a beautiful light variety of Cattleya Triane called Ashworthiana, the
flowers delicate peach colour, slightly darker on the lip.

N. C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray),
showed the handsome Dendrobium x Astraa superbum (D. luteolum ? xX
crassinode ¢), and D. X Cybele Oakwood variety (D. Findlayanum ¢ xX
nobile burfordiense 3), which was remarkable for possessing the purple
streaks of the pollen parent in the lateral sepals.

Welbore S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne, Dorking (gr. Mr. Barrell), sent a
form of Dendrobium xX Cybele called Ellis’ variety.

E. Hockliffe, Esq., Uppingham, sent Odontoglossum % Andersonianum.

The Right Hon. Lord Leigh (gr. Mr. Martin) sent some good flowers of
Lycaste Skinneri. |

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. Chap-
man), showed a good plant of the rare Plenrothallis punctulata, with
glaucous leaves and prettily spotted flowers.

J. T. Bennett-Pée, Esy., Holmewood, Cheshunt (gr. Mr. Downes),
showed the pretty and interesting Epidendrum Stamfordianum.

J. Rutherford, Bearwood, Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), showed
Odontoglossum X Wilckeanum, a nearly unspotted O. X Andersonianum,
and O. XA. Rutherfordianum, one of the rosy forms.

H. Shaw, Esq., Birch Vale (gr. Mr. Cliffe), sent Odontoglossum
Schillerianum, and a good form of O. crispum.

W. C. Walker, Esq., Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr. Cragg), sent the interest-
ing Acineta Humboldtii.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a fine group, to which a
Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained a new seedling plant of the
beautiful hybrid Phalaenopsis X John Seden, Cattleya x Miranda, which
received an Award of Merit, some good C. Trianz, the pretty light yellow
Lelio-cattleya x Myra, Platyclinis glumacea, the beautiful Trichopilia

126 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

suavis, Miltonia Roezlii, some good hybrid Cypripediums, Epidendrum xX
O’Brienianum superbum, Dendrobium crassinode, D. Wardianum, D. xX
Wiganiz, D. X Cybele, several fine Dendrobium xX splendidissimum grandi-
florum, D. xX Stratius, D. Hildebrandii albescens, and others; the brilliant
Epiphronitis X Veitchii, and Cymbidium Xx eburneo-Lowianum, with their
parents, also Epidendrum Endresii and E. Wallisii, with examples of the
pretty hybrids derived from them. This feature of showing hybrids with the
species from which they were derived was particularly interesting.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, staged a particularly
interesting group, to which a Bronze Banksian Medal was given. It con-
tained a batch of thirty plants of the handsome new Phaius xX Norman
(Sanderianus @ X tuberculosis ¢), showing a considerable amount of
variation. Three plants were selected for awards, Phaius X Norman and
P. X N. roseus, each receiving a First-class Certificate, and P. X N. aureus
an Award of Merit. With them were P. xX Cooksoni, Lzlia rubescens,
Masdevallia x falcata, Lycaste gigantea, Oncidium spilopterum, some good
Odontoglossum crispum, O. luteopurpureum, O. X Wilckeanum, O.
cirrhosum, &c.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, sent Cattleya Triane Venus, a fine
white form tinted with rose-pink in front of the yellow disc, and Odonto-
glossum apterum (nebulosum) pardinum, an exceptionally fine form, to which
an Award of Merit was given.

Messrs. Fisher, Son, & Sibray, Handsworth, Sheffield, sent a_ fine
Dendrobium Wardianum album.

Mr. William Murray, The Gardens, Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne, showed
his patent Orchid-stands, designed to replace inverted pots for standing the
plants on, and thus preventing the injurious fungoid growth, which some-
times develops when the air is stagnant.

At the meeting held on March 22nd Orchids were less numerous than
usual but included several striking things. Present :—H. J. Veitch, Esq.,
in the chair, and Messrs. J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.), E. Ashworth, H.
Ballantine, T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, N. C. Cookson, S. Courtauld,
De B. Crawshay, J. T. Gabriel, E. Hill, G. W. Law-Schofield, H. M.
Pollett, W. H. Protheroe, F. J. Thorne, W. H. White, and W. H. Young.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook), sent
a charming albino of Dendrobium nobile called D. n. Ashworthiannm, to
which a First-class Certificate was given. It was much like D. n. virginale,
figured at page 145 of our last volume, but the flowers not quite so large,
and the sepals and petals rather more twisted, the latter character being
somewhat anomalous in this species. An Award of Merit was given toa
plant called Odontoglossum hybridum Ashworthianum, a very pretty thing
but agreeing with that known as O. X aspersum violaceum.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 127

Baron Sir H. Schroder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), received
a First-class Certificate for a superb Odontoglossum called O. crispum
Princess Christian, but clearly a form of O. x Wilckeanum with white
ground heavily blotched with violet-purple, for the shape of the flowers, as
well as the crest, was precisely in agreement. At the base of the main
spike were two side branches, each bearing two flowers.

Madame Ida Brandt, Reisbach, Zurich (gr. Mr. Schlecht), sent
Odontoglossum Hunnewellianum, Oncidium ansiferum, and O. Phalznopsis
Brandtiz, a particularly large and handsome variety which received an
Award of Merit.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Aldous), received a
Cultural Commendation for Odontoglossum x excellens Rosslyn variety
with a spike of ten very round and richly coloured flowers. It is one of the
seedlings artificially raised by Messrs. Veitch.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. W. H. White),
staged a pretty little group, consisting of the handsome Masdevallia x
Pourbaixii with seven flowers, the richly coloured M. Veitchiana grandiflora,
three plants of Epidendrum Endresii with an aggregate of nine racemes, E.
varicosum, and the rare Sarcochilus Hartmanni.

J. B. Brookes, Esq., Finstall Park, Bromsgrove (gr. Mr. Drew), sent a
good Odontoglossum crispum roseum.

John T. Gabriel, Esq., Palace Road, Streatham Hill (gr. Mr. Ranson),
showed a very good form of Cattleya Trianz called Gabriel’s variety.

Dr. F. Hills, The Elms, Campbell Road, Croydon (gr. Mr. Wise), sent
a good plant of the rare Odontoglossum brevifolium.

Mrs. Laura C. Joad, Patching, Worthing (gr. Mr. Standing), sent a very
fine three-flowered inflorescence of Cymbidium eburneum and a plant of C.
x eburneo-Lowianum.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, staged a fine group, to which a
Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained an excellent Cattleya
Mendelii, some very fine C. Triane, Dendrobium crystallinum, D. nobile
murrhiniacum, Coelogyne cristata alba, a fine Cymbidium x _ eburneo-
Lowianum, Philznopsis X intermedia, and P. Stuartiana punctatissima,
Odontoglossum triumphans, O. Edwardii, O Xx mulus, the pretty O.
facetum, O. gloriosum with three large branched spikes, O. crispum, Lelia
cinnabarina, Cypripedinm x Swinburnei magnificum, and others.

Mr. T. Rochford, Turnford Hall Nurseries, Broxbourne, received an
Award of Merit for a plant provisionally named Odontoglossum xX
Rochfordianum, apparently a form of O. Andersonianum with broad
segments, much like O. crispum leopardinum in colour. He also sent a
good Dendrobium nobile albiflorum.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, staged a good group

128 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

containing several good specimens of Ccelogyne cristata alba, Phaius x
Norman, the handsome Zygopetalum xX Perrenondi, Odontoglossum
crispum roseum, and O. c. flaveolum, Cypripedium xX Harrisianum
superbum, C. X Io superbum, and others. A Vote of Thanks was
accorded.

Messrs. J. Laing & Son, Forest Hill, sent a nice plant of Coelogyne
cristata alba.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CYPRIPEDIUM X BEECKMANII.—Gard. Mag., March 5, p. 145, with fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM X SANDERO-SUPERBIENS.—Gard. Mag., March 12, pp.
168, 169, with fig.

DENDROBIUM NOBILE C@RULESCENS.—Garden, March 5, p. 200,
with fig.

DENDROBIUM X SCHRG:DERIANUM.—Gard. Mag., March 5, p. 148,
with plate.

EPIDENDRUM MEpUs&.—Gard. Mag., Feb. 26, p. 132, with fig.

EPIDENDRUM XANTHINUM, Lindl.—Bot. Mag., t. 7586.

LaiLiA AMESIANA CRAWSHAY’s VAR.—Journ. of Hort., March 10, p.
205, fig. 32. A variety of Lzlia anceps.

PHAL#NOPSIS X JoHN SEDEN.—Gard. Chron., March 19, p. 171, fig 68.

ODONTOGLossuM X WILCKEANUM Pittia.—Journ. of Hort., March
17, Pp. 235, fig. 51; Gard. Mag., March 26, p. 198, with fig.

ONCIDIUM SPLENDIDUM.—Journ. of Hort. March 3, p- 185, fig. 29.

PHAINS X NORMAN.—Gard. Mag., March 19, pp. 185, 186, with fig.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM BARONESS SCHRODER.—Gard. Chron., March
19, pp. 164, 165, fig. 66,

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in
ome cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue.

W. E., Newchurch. Oncidium lamelligerum. Several other species come in importations
of O. macranth um.

C. Stoldt. We believe the flower is a form of Paphiopedium x Lathamianum, as the
characters of P. villosum and P. Spicerianum are very pronounced, and we tail to trace
anything else.
2 a. Be Seaclaats Dendrobium crystallinum.

_G.M.L,, Lincoln. Cymbidium pendulum and Oncidium luridum
eH, a Sheffield. 1, Odontoglossum maculatum. 2, Phaius greasiiboticcs.

Orchids! Orchids

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The Company are constantly receiving Importations of Orchids from various parts
of the world, all of pining they Offer for Sale by Private Treaty as they come to hand,
at very reasonable Pri

Descriptive and Priced Catalogues of their Stock of Established Orchids, as well as of
each importation as it comes to hand, will be sent Post Free on application to the Company.

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Paphiopedium ~ Deedmanianum

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Mr. W. B. LATHAM,

Curator,
Birmingham Horticultural Society's Gardens,
EDGBASTON

H. A. BURBERRY’

system of personally Giving Ad-
vice and Demonstrating Methods
of Orchid Cultivation insures suc-
cess and satisfaction.

———y Oo sceneries

One gentleman says: “I consider
your visit has been doch Eis to me.’

—_—_——_—_ O ——

All desirous of pe the benefit
of his long experier in matters
affecting die’ welfare of ‘ex Orchids,
should communicate with him, and
he will be gla wait on them

when in the vicinity, at a very
small fee.
Horie? tierce
A. B. attends Orchid Sales,

and will be pleased to receive com-
missions to buy for those who cannot
attend.

THe Orcnip Hyerins.

aspen ara: aanave. 334

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ay L ad, Esq., Florida: “The catalogue part is certainly a
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An Fllustrated Monthly Fournal,

DEVOTED. “FO -ORCHIDOLOGY:

Contents.
PAGE
Amateur’s Experiences. By Eustace Notes -
F. Clark, B.A.
: : : Orchid Portrait:
- Botanical Orchids ee
Orchids at Clare Lawn

hit

Orchids at Ghent

rie irene ascent

meet EE sh

153 | Orchis monophylla_ aa

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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

VoL. VI.] MAY, 1808. LNo. 65.

NOTES.

THE next meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on May roth, when the Orchid
Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.

The great Annual Flower Show will be held, as usual, in the Inner
Temple Gardens, Thames Embankment, on Wednesday, Thursday, and
Friday, May 25th, 26th, and 27th. On the first day the Orchid Committee
will meet at 11 a.m. Silver Cups and Medals will be awarded according
to merit. Intending exhibitors must give notice to the Secretary not
later than Thursday, May roth.

Two meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, during May, on
the 12th and 26th, respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet
at the usual hour, 12 o’clock, noon.

The great Whitsuntide Show of the Royal Botanical and Horticultaral
Society of Manchester will be held at the Old Trafford Gardens, Manchester,
from May 27th to June 2nd. Orchids, as usual, are likely to be strongly
represented.

It will be seen from an announcement in our advertisement columns that
an important sale of duplicates from the celebrated Walton Grange collection
will take place on Wednesday and Thursday, May 11th and 12th. Plants
from this collection have often been mentioned in these pages, and the
duplicates now offered include tha beautiful Cattleya X Victoria-Regina and
Odontoglossum crispum Golden Queen, both of which we have figured,
O. sceptrum aureum, and other fine things.

130 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The shading of Orchid houses is an important matter at the present time,
and we have received from Messrs. E. Spinner & Co., of Manchester, samples:
of their Khaki cotton netting, which is very light and strong, and seems:
admirably adapted for the purpose. It is mesh-like in pattern, light brown,
and is made in two qualities. An advertisement appears in another column.

We have received photographs of two views taken in the collection of
General Gillespie, of Brynderwen, near Usk, one showing a fine bank of
Cattleyas, and the other a splendid group of Calanthes and Dendrobium
Phalznopsis, with a few other Orchids, the culture in each case being
excellent. These views are taken in a range of houses erected by Messrs.
James Crispin & Sons, of Bristol, which are evidently well adapted for the
purpose.

A fine four-flowered raceme of the handsome Dendrobium nobile
Robsonz, to which a First-class Certificate was given by the Royal
Botanical and Horticultural Society of Manchester, on March 15th, is
sent by Mr. John Robson, of Altrincham. The flowers are very large—
the petals being over an inch across, and the lip, when expanded, still
broader—and very brightly coloured.

A very fine flower of Cattleya Triane delicata is sent from the collection
E. Hopper, Esq., of Morpeth, by Mr. Jones. Several others are said to
have flowered in the collection, and they contrast very effectively with the
coloured forms.

An infloresence of the beautiful white Vanda Denisoniana is sent from
the collection of H. J. Elwes, Esq., Colesborne, Gloucestershire, by Mr.
Lane, together with the handsome Miltonia Recezlii and Dendrobium
infundibulum, both of which are very effective at this season.

A particularly fine form of Dendrobium primulinum is sent from the
collection of H. J. Elwes, Esq., Colesbourne, Gloucestershire, together
with two of the typical form. Mr. Elwes remarks that the plant never
grew well until one of the wires broke, and the plant hung with the pot
sideways, after which it has made pseudobulbs from twelve to fifteen
inches long. Several other fine Dendrobium flowers are also enclosed,

A good form of Dendrobium primulinum is also sent by F. M. Burton,
Esq., Highfield, Gainsborough, together with light and dark forms of D.
nobile.

A flower of Cattleya Trianze alba is sent from the collection of Alfred
Darby, Esq., Little Ness, Shrewsbury, one of twenty-three borne by the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 131

plant, which must be very effective, though the flower sent is slightly
below the average size.

Four beautiful varieties of Cattleya Schrodere are sent from the
collection of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno, including the
chaste C. S. alba. A second is about typical, a third similar but of
exceptional size, while the remaining one is a very pretty light pink form.
All have the characteristic orange disc and are deliciously fragrant. They
were imported two years ago.

A good C. Triane which has been in flower a month, and a fine
Lelia purpurata with a pink stain along the centre of the petals are also
sent, together with Odontoglossum Hallii and its fine variety magnificum,
All are superbly grown,

A very pretty form of Odontoglossum xX Ruckerianum is sent from
the collection of John W. Arkle, Esq., West Derby, Liverpool, the flowers
being rose-coloured with very few spots.

A fine flower of the handsome Dendrobium X Venus is sent from the
collection of W. S. M’Millan, Esq., of Maghull, Liverpool, being one of
which a painting has been made by Mr. Mitchell.

A pretty hybrid Dendrobium is sent from the collection of F. Hardy,
Esq., of Ashton-on-Mersey, by Mr. Stafford. It was raised from D. X
Cassiope @ and D. Bensone ¢, and is fairly intermediate in character,
though it preserves some of the light yellow colour and the disc of the
latter. If it retains the free growing character of the former it is likely to
be a decided acquisition, as D. Benson soon deteriorates under cultivation.

Several very beautiful Odontoglossums are sent from the collection of
W. Vanner, Esq., Camden Wood, Chislehurst, including O. crispum
“The Queen,” a very fine white with a single blotch in front of the lip’s
crest, taken from a racene of thirteen flowers; O. c. Duchess equally
fine, with the sepals and petals suffused with light rosy purple and bearing
numerous small darker spots, and O. c. ‘‘The Prince” much like O. c.
guttatum, but with the petals wholly white.

Two good forms of O. X Wilckeanum are also enclosed, and a series
of half-a-dozen O. cirrhosum, together with a noble form of Cattleya
Mendelii. and a raceme of the beautiful yellow Spathoglollis gracilis.

Several good brightly-coloured forms of Cattleya Triane are sent by
Mr. R. Jones, Barford Hall Gardens, Warwick, one of which it has been
suggested is a natural hybrid, though we believe it to be only a variety,
as no other Cattleya is known to grow intermixed with C. Triane.

132 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

It is proposed to erect at Brussels a monument to the memory of the
late Jean Linden, in recognition of his services to horticulture, and a
Committee has been formed to carry out the project, of whom Count O.
de Kerchove de Denterghem is President; M. Kegeljan, Treasurer; and
M. Lubbers, Secretary. Subscriptions in aid of the fund should be
addressed to M. F. Kegeljam, Namur, Belgium.

ORCHIDS AT CLARE LAWN.

THE plants of Cymbidium Lowianum in the Rock house at Clare Lawn,
East Sheen, the seat of Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., have previously been
noted in these pages, and at the present time they are a sight worth seeing.
There are about eleven, mostly large plants, bearing an aggregate of 100
spikes of bloom, which hang over the rockwork in all directions, pro-
ducing a most beautiful effect. Although placed at various elevations from
the glass all seem to do thoroughly well, and it is evident that the conditions
suit them admirably. The best spike we saw was of great length, and bore
thirty-six flowers. Mr. Young must be congratulated both on their culture
and very effective arrangement. C.L. concolor forms a pleasing contrast
with the typical form, but the plant is at present small, bearing only two
racemes. ;

Many other fine things are at present flowering in the collection, in the
Cool house several plants of Odontoglossum GErstedii, one with about sixty
flowers, the handsome O X elegans, about twenty plants of O. Rossii,
showing a considerable range of variation, the rare Epidendrum hastatum
and Cymbidium Devonianum with two spikes, being interspersed with
numerous specimens of the commoner things.

In the Warm houses we noted the rare Angreecum arcuatum, a fine
Dendrobium veratrifolium with two long racemes, some good D. Bensone,
D. nobile Hutchinson’s var., a very good light-coloured form of large
size, several good Oncidium ampliatum, Trichopilia suavis, and two well-
flowered plants of its beautiful variety alba.

The Cattleyas were flowering in profusion, but we did not note them
individually, and here was also a good plant of the richly-coloured Lelia x
Latona, and the charming Epidendrum xX Endresio-Wallisii.

Other interesting plants noted were Cypripedium Mastersianum with
three good flowers, an exceptionally large and handsome C. Chamber-
lainianum beside the typical form, C. niveum giganteum, the pretty little
Saccolabium ampullaceum, a very good Phalzenopsis Lueddemanniana, and
various others which we have not space to enumerate, In fact the
collection is particularly gay at this season,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 133

AN AMATEUR’S EXPERIENCES.
By Eustace F. CLARK, B.A., TEIGNMOUTH.
(Continued from Page 104).

Amoncst the plants added to my collection in 1894, and which passed with
very little injury through the very trying cold of January and February,
1895, were such Intermediate house plants as Cypripedium barbatum, C.
Boxallii and C. X Crossianum, Trichopilia tortilis (a plant received in
place of the one killed in 1894), Vanda Kimballiana, Lycaste Skinneri,
Maxillaria grandiflora, a Zygopetalum, probably intermedium, Odonto-
glossum Harryanum, Oncidium Saintlegerianum, O. incurvum and O.
unguiculatum, Lelia anceps, and Lelia Dayana. The three plants last
mentioned and also Odontoglossum pulchellum were in flower during much
of the cold weather.

Though, during this long frost, the thermometer fell on one occasion as
low as 16° outside (on 6th February), and the temperature in the green-
house, in spite of the new boiler, ranged for several nights between 39° and
34° (the lowest reading being about 33° on the 1st February, when the fire
went out in the early morning), nothing worse resulted than the loss of one
or two developing flower spikes of Odontoglossum triumphans and O.
Pescatorei, and the partial discoloration. or spotting of a few leaves,
particularly of Ada aurantiaca, Maxillaria grandiflora, and Trichophilia
tortilis. A flower spike of Lelia anceps that was all right when in the
greenhouse could not, when picked, stand the short journey in the cold air
from the greenhouse to the house, but it had been out nearly three weeks.
The Oncidium unguiculatum opened during the cold weather, and continued
to produce its beautiful blossoms for some time after.

During the following summer, my plants, to which numerous additions
were made from time to time till they occupied nearly the whole of the stage
at one side of the large division, continued to thrive. Some, as Cypripedium
barbatum, Trichophilia tortilis, Zygopetalum Mackayi, and Ccelogyne
cristata, enjoyed having pans of water under the inverted pots.

Some of the cool Odontoglossums may have found the warm south
house (though lightly shaded) rather trying in the summer, but in the
winter the light probably assisted their ripening. Masdevallia Harryana
throve beautifully, and flowered well in a sunny position, and its leaves were
of a dark olive-green tint, without any black spots. I cannot say I have
found any of my Masdevallias do so well in my present cool north house ;
they have suffered from thrip, and their leaves have become paler. I am
inclined to think there is not now enough sunlight in winter except in a few
favoured positions.

Great encouragement was given me by an article in the Garden of June

1.34 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

2gth, 1895, entitled “ How to popularise Orchid growing” (a reprint from a
paper read by Mr. E. H. Woodall, of Scarborough, before the Royal
Horticultural Society, on October gth, 1894), in which the turning out of
€ool Orchids into frames during the summer months is advocated.

I proceeded at once to act upon these suggestions, this seeming specially
desirable, because the cooler Orchids in my greenhouse, which, with its
southern aspect, could not fail occasionally to be heated to excess, though
some light tiffany blinds were used in summer to break the power of the sun.
I had a wooden tray made with a water-tight bottom, and placed in one of
my frames, supported on bricks, and about two or three inches of water
were then placed in it. In this I placed some inverted pots, and about the
beginning of July there were removed to the frame two Odontoglossum
Rossii, two O. crispum, one O. Pescatorei, and one Ada aurantiaca, In
very dry and sunny weather the frame lights were kept down over the
plants; though some ventilation was left on, and some matting was thrown
over them to shade, wholly or partly, the plants in the tray; but at night,
and in wet weather, the lights were entirely removed, and the plants thus
got the benefit of any showers and night moisture. The good effects of this
treatment were at once visible.

Towards the end of July I left Teignmouth for about a month’s stay in
the neighbourhood of London, and the Orchids were left in charge of a
reliable man, Lewis Jackman, who came once or twice a week for a full
day’s work, but on other days for a short time only, in the morning and
evening, to do any watering and shading, and to see to any ventilation that
might be necessary. The experiment was slightly risky, but I cannot say
that on my return I found anything the worse, and the Orchids in the frame
were looking very well. Other plants were then also placed in the frame,
and the majority were kept there till the colder nights made a return to the
greenhouse advisable. These Orchids included Odontoglossum maculatum,
O. cordatum and O. triumphans, Masdevallia Harryana, Epidendrum
vitellinum majus, Bletia hyacinthina, and a few of the hardy Cypripedium
spectabile. Amongst plants of other families liking this treatment I may
mention Narcissi of the Bulbocodium group (especially N. B. citrina), N
cyclamineus, and Lachenalias.

In June, 1896, I left my residence at 2, Cross Park, Teignmouth, having
arranged to take a house then in course of erection about a quarter of a mile
off. I was able, before I left Teignmouth for a trip abroad, to remove all my
Orchids to a newly-built Orchid house, erected by Messrs. James Crispin &
Sons, of Bristol, a well-known firm of horticultural builders, in the garden
of my new residence. It was in two divisions, separated by a wall. One
part for Cool Orchids, with a soft water tank running the length of it, faced
— the other part faced south. —— greater part of this I intended, at

THE ORCHID REVIEW 146°
fitst, to use for ordinary plants, but a small compartment was divided off by
a’ door, in which I purposed essaying the cultivation of a few Intermediate
Orchids. ° The whole of this south division has, however, since been
converted into an Intermediate house; the plants needing greater warmth
being put in the compartment aforesaid.

Similar arrangements were made for the care of my plants, during my
absence from Teignmouth for about five months, to those which had been
previously made, and on my coming into residence in the end of November
I found most of the plants in a flourishing condition. It was then too late
to make experiments in out-door or frame culture, but I am inclined to
think some plants would have done better for a summer airing. Jackman,
who had been left in charge, had given great care to the Orchids, as well as
other plants, and had found the Cool house to suit the requirements of
tuberous Begonias to perfection. There was therefore a grand show of
these for a time, and apparently no harm resulted to the Orchids from being
in the same house.

Shortly before my return to Teignmouth, I added several Intermediate
house plants to my collection, amongst others a number of seedlings from
the Selly Hill collection, then for sale by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.
These included three little plants purporting to be crosses with Selenipedium,
namely, C. X Ashburtonie x S. xX calurum, C. Spicerianum x S.
Schlimii, and C. bellatulum xX S. X Sedeni candidulum. The last
mentioned has grown well, and seems healthy, but as it grows its
resemblance to Selenipedium does not increase—in fact, it might be a cross
of C. bellatulum and C. villosum. The other two plants for a time seemed
only to go back, and to lose leaves and roots, but both seem now to be taking
a sudden turn for the better, but ‘‘ blessed is he who expecteth nothing.”

Other Cypripedium seedlings had labels bearing dates in the early part
of this decade and are still quite small, but the majority of these young
plants have since grown well, notably one of C. concolor X villosum
superbum, which shows no trace of the delicacy associated with C. concolor.
It is quite intermediate in foliage. Other promising seedlings then obtained
are C. Spicerianum X callosum splendens, C. X Harrisianum superbum X
Leeanum superbum, C. Spicerianum magnificum X_ purpuratum, C.
villosum superbum X Cleopatra, C. Leeanum superbum X cenanthum
superbum, and C. X Harrisianum X Io maxima. None of these seedlings
have yet died, and most have gone forward, and should bloom in a year or
two.

The only one (C. X Lathamianum inversum X_ Spicerianum
magnificum) that has flowered since (quite recently) proves to be a little
disappointing, as it seems scarcely distinguishable trom C. X Lathamianum.
There was on this pot a record of seed sown of C. X Leeanum, good

136. THE ORCHID REVIEW.

variety, X C. Boxallii atratum, and a few little plants were visible in their
first leaf. Since then about thirty more have appeared, some only recently,
but the number now left is only fourteen, more or less thriving.

(To be continued.)

LYCASTE LOCUSTA.

THE re-appearance of some long-lost species is always interesting, and the
above curious species has scarcely been heard of since it was described in
Reichenbach’s quaint phraseology nearly twenty years ago. He described
it as “a Lycaste allied to L. costata and L. Barringtoniz, with a white
column, green sepals, green petals, a green lip, a green callus, a green
ovary, green bract, green sheaths, a green peduncle, green bulbs, green
leaves—just as green as a green grasshopper, or the dress of some Viennese
ladies. It is nearly as satisfactory to study this group as it is to brush
hedgehogs, but this. species is better than the sister species; it is very
well distinguishable by its very fleshy, short perigones, very short blunt
‘mentum, convex disc of the anterior lacinia of the lip, and the two most
‘sharp keels running between the side laciniz. Flowers smaller and shorter
‘than those of L. Deppei, the petals bent down inside the lateral sepals,
thus making the perigone fully bilabiate. It was brought from Peru by
Mr. Davis, and: Messrs. Veitch have. the satisfaction of flowering this
novelty, which might create a surprising effect.when brought before the
court of the judges of the Royal Horticultural Society’s Floral Committee,
claiming a Certificate. If Mr. Seden would cross it with a pure white
Lycaste Skinneri we might get a flower with a good Saxon flag, white
striped with green, if things develop as we would have them.” (Rchb. f. in
Gard. Chron., 1879, xi., p. 524.) A Peruvian species, which has just
flowered with Mr. F. W. Moore at Glasnevin, obtained, I believe, from
Messrs. F. Sander & Co., answers so well to this description that I do not
hesitate to identify it with the original. The only difference which I can
see is that the flower is larger than in L. Deppei instead of smaller, the
sepals being 2} inches long. The colour is a dull olive green, of a slightly
glaucous shade, and the fringe of the lip much paler. As colour is not
the only desideratum at Glasnevin, I hope the species will not be so
quickly lost sight of on this occasion.

It may be added that one of the most obvious characters of the group is
the more or less distinctly fringed lip, and that about a dozen species have
been described, though a few are still imperfectly known or have been
somewhat confused together. L. cinnabarina is one of the most striking
species, on account of the contrast afforded by the orange-brown lip with
. the greenish white or a Hoey shite = and a At present it is
ee oS pce R. A. -R.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 137

ORCHIDS AT GHENT.

ORcHIDs formed a very prominent feature in the programme of the recent
Quinquennial Horticultural Exhibition at Ghent, prizes being offered in
no less than seventy-three classes, but as it proved in the sequel there were
exhibits in only twenty-two of them, and as in several cases there was
no competition, the work of the jury was rather light. In fact there was
a general concensus of opinion that while the Show generally was an
improvement on the preceding one, the Orchids showed a decided falling
off in point of numbers, though the quality in most cases was well main
tained. The Jury met at 9 a.m. on April 15th, and after an address of
welcome from Count de Kerchove, the President of the Society, proceded
to their labours. Two sections were devoted to Orchids (taking them in
order of the official list) as follows :—Section Three ; M. Madoux, President,
Dr. Capart, Secretary, and Messrs. R. A. Rolfe, L. Duval, G. Mantin, and
G. Warocque. Section Four; Mr. J. O’Brien, President, M. Martin
Cahuzac, Secretary, and Messrs. A. Cogniaux, L. Grosjean, and A. Wincqz.
The following is the result of the competition :—

The Gold Medal offered by H. M. the King of the Belgians, for the best
and most varied one-hundred exotic Orchids was won by M. G. Vincke-
Dujardin, of Bruges (the only competitor), with a splendid group of well-
cultivated plants, the Odontoglossums being specially good. It included
various fine forms of Odontoglossum crispum and O. X Andersonianum,
O. X Wilckeanum sulfureum, O. cirrhosum, O. X elegans, O. hastilabium,
O. polyxanthum, some good O. Pescatorei, O. Hallii, &c., Eulophiella
Elisabethz, Cattleya Schilleriana, very fine C. Schroeder, C. intermedia,
C. i. Parthenia, C. Lawrenceana superba, Zygopetalum X Perrenoudi,
Ada aurantiaca, Epiphronitis x Veitchii, Angraecum Sanderianum, Lelia
harpophylla, Miltonia xX Bleuana nobilior, a fine Masdevallia ignea with
over fifty flowers, M. x Chelsoni, the striking Oncidium spilopterum,
O. superbiens, the rare O. Cavendishianum with a good panicle of flowers,
OQ. Harrisonianum, Cymbidium X eburnec-Lowianum, Cypripedium
Rothschildianum, the rare C. Druryi, Lycaste Skinneri alba, and other
good things which we have not space to enumerate.

The prize (Objet d’art, value five-hundred francs) offered i the Count
de Germiny for the best one-hundred Orchids, to be judged solely from
a horticultural standpoint, was unanimously awarded to M. A. Peeters, of
Brussels (again the only competitor) for a superb group, excellent alike for
quality, good culture, and tasteful arrangement, which it would have been
difficult to surpass anywhere. Conspicuous in the group were half-a-dozen
excellent examples of the richly-coloured Zygopetalum Perrenoudi, Phaius
-» Norman, P. x N. roseus, P. x N. aureus, P. X Cooksoni, Cochlioda

138 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

vulcanica, Miltonia xX: Bleuana nobilior, Cattleya Mossize Reineckeana,
€. X Parthenia and a charming rose-tinted variety, C. Lawrenceana,
Schreedere, Triane, amethystoglossa and Mendelii in excellent examples,
Eulophiella Elisabethe, Lzlia purpurata, the brilliant L. x Latona and
L. xX Hippolyta, Odontoglossum triumphans, the rare O. brevifolium,
some excellent O. crispum, O. Hallii, O. xX Ruckerianum, the violet-
coloured O. Edwardii in fine condition, O. X excellens, the brilliant
Epiphronitis xX Veitchii with five racemes, Lycaste Skinneri alba,
Cymbidium Lowianum, Masdevallia Veitchiana grandiflora, fine examples
of Oncidium sarcodes, O. Marshallianum, O. Forbesii, O. varicosum
Rogersii, O. splendidum, O. leucochilum, and other fine things. A
curiosity in the group was a plant of Odontoglossum X_hebraicum
with one yellow flower, while the remainder were cream coloured, but
a closer examination showed that it had been fertilised, and this change
of colour was one of the first effects.

For a group of fifty exotic Orchids (Amateurs), M. F. Pauwels, of
Antwerp, was the only competitor, and was awarded the second prize
(a Gold Medal worth one-hundred francs). The group contained a good
Cymbidium Lowianum, Angrecum sesquipedale, the remarkable Coryanthes
macrantha (in bud), Phalenopsis Schilleriana, Oncidium Marshallianum,
a fine Dendrobium superbum, Odontoglossum Rossii majus with about
thirty flowers, a very fine O. hastilabium, O. leave, O. Uroskinneri, O.
Hallii, O. x Pauwelsianum, a pretty cream-coloured flower spotted with
brown, and a lip recalling O. Hunnewellianum, from which it is suspected
to be a hybrid, Cattleya citrina with six flowers, Lelio-cattleya x
Schilleriana, Cypripedium villosum, C. Rothschildianum, a fine C.
Chamberlainianum, Vanda tricolor, and other good Orchids.

For the best thirty Orchids (Nurserymen), M. Louis de Smet-Duvivier
was first, with a finely cultivated group, including a very fine Cymbidium
Lowianum, C. eburneum, a healthy clump of Warscewiczella discolor
with four flowers, Selenipedium Xx Schroedere, Vanda suavis, Masdevallia
ignea with about fifty flowers, M. Veitchiana, Cattleya Mendelii and
var. rosea, an excellent C. Schilleriana, Dendrobium Dalhousieanum,
Oncidium phymatochilum, Odontoglossum Edwardii, and various other
Odontoglossums and other showy species, the group being very effectively
arranged.

M. H. Vander-Straeten, of Bruges, secured the second prize, with a
good group, in which Odontoglossum cirrhosum, Lycaste Skinneri alba,
Cattleya Schroedere, Dendrobium clavatum, Oncidium Marshallianum,
a good Cymbidium Lowianum, Cypripedium Exul with seven flowers,
and C. X Calypso were the most noteworthy.

For the best fifteen Orchids in strong examples (Amateurs) a William’s

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 139

Memorial Medal was offered, which was unanimously awarded to M.
Metdepenningen, of Ghent (the only exhibibitor), for a fine group,
containing excellent examples of Trichopilia suavis, Oncidium sarcodes,
Masdevallia ignea, Odontoglossum Xx Andersonianum, O. X Ruckerianum,
Cypripedium Chamberlainianum, C. Lawrenceanum. and other good
things.

For the most complete collection, limited to a single example of each
species, M. A. Van Imschoot, of Mont-St-Amand, was the only exhibitor,
but was unanimously awarded the Gold Medal for a group of ninety
. different kinds, including examples of most of those previously mentioned,
together with numerous botanical and other rarities, as Dendrobium
cymbidioides with eleven racemes, D. Kingianum, D. Devonianum, the
rare and handsome Lycaste lasioglossa, Ansellia gigantea, Leptotes bicolor,
Cattleya Lueddemanniana and others, Spiranthes colorata, Odontoglossum
(Erstedii, Hunnewellianum and others, Eria floribunda, Epidendrum
Stamfordianum and Cooperianum, Oncidium cheirophorum and incurvum,
Angraecum sesquipedale, Cochlioda rosea, Masdevallia triangularis and
amabilis, Phalaenopsis Boxallii and Lueddemanniana, Cypripedium
tonsum, and others, which we have not space to enumerate, and attracted
much attention. The group was a specially interesting one.

For three exotic Orchids remarkable for culture and floriferousness,
there was only one exhibit, and here the first prize was withheld, the
second going to M. L. De Smet-Duvivier, for Oncidium sarcodes with five
branching spikes, Odontoglossom luteopurpureum with two spikes, and
a fine Cymbidium Lowianum.

For the best Cattleya the first prize went to M. Langhe-Vervaene, of
St. Gilles, for a good Cattleya Schroedere with about twenty flowers.

The class for the best Lelia likewise yielded only a single exhibit,
a plant of L. Digbyana with one flower, which secured the prize for M.
Ch. Maron, of Brunoy.

For the best Dendrobium, M. L. De Smet-Duvivier, of Mont-St-Amand,
was first, with a good Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, rather past its best.

For the best Cypripedium, M. J. Moens, of Lede, was first, with a fine
plant of C. X Annie Measures.

For the best Odontoglossum crispum the first prize went to M. Metde-
penningen, of Ghent, with a beautiful example of the large unspotted type.

For the best Odontoglossum (other than O. crispum) there were two
competitors, M. Metdepenningen securing the first prize with O. X Wilcke-
anum Madame Metdepenningen, a compact form with very round, hand-
somely spotted fiowers. and W. Thompson, Esq., of Stone, the second,
with O. Hallii bearing nine racemes, a noble specimen which would have
fared better in a class for good culture.

140 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

For the best Oncidium, M. L. De Langhe-Vervaene, of St. Gilles,
staged a grand Oncidium sarcodes, with a spike about 5 feet high, which
gained the first prize. The plant had been grown entirely in leaf mould.

For three new hybrids of different genera, M. A. Van Imschoot staged
good specimens of Masdevalliz: x Pourbaixii, Epidendrum x Endresio-
Wallisii, and Cattleya x Alberta (Loddigesii X superba), which gained the
first prize.

For the best new generic bybrid, M. Ch. Maron, of Brunoy, staged
Leelio-cattleya X Henry Greenwood (L.-c X Schilleriana x Cattleya X
Hardyana), a very handsome form, with rose-tinted sepals and petals and a
rich crimson-purple lip, with large, deep yellow throat, and secured the first
prize ‘‘ by acclamation.”

For 25 Cypripediums and Selemipediums (Amateurs), M. J. Moens, of
Lede, secured the prize, his group containing the handsome C. X Leeanum
Albertianum, C. « Hebe, the dark C. x Chas. Madoux, C xX Harrisianum
violaceum, nine good C. X Niobe, a fine specimen of C. X Sallieri, and
other good things.

In a similar class for Nurserymen, M. Pynaert Van Geert staged a
particularly fine group, which was awarded a gold medal. It contained a
splendid specimen of C. Mastersianum with 17 flowers, the beautiful C.
bellatulum album, C. X Godseffianum, C. Exul with 10 flowers, a fine C.
X nitens superbum, C. X Calypso, a fine C. Lawrenceanum, C. X ver-
nixium, C. Dayanum, and others more or less familiar, in excellent con-
dition.

For the best 6 Vandas, M. Vincke-Dujardin, of Bruges, secured the Gold
Medal with fine varieties of V. tricolor and suavis in excellent condition.

The class for 10 Ancectochilus and allied genera brought out two com-
petitors, M. Pynaert Van Geert securing the first prize with A. xan-
thophyllus, A. setaceus, some remarkably fine Macodes Petola, Goodyera
Rollissoni, &c., and M. A. Dalliere, of Ledeberg, the second, also with well-
grown plants, among which some examples of Macodes Sanderianus were
particularly good.

The Gold Medal for the best 30 Odontoglossums was awarded to W.
Thompson, Esq., of Stone, “ by acclamation, ”’ for a superb group, the plants
being healthy and vigorous, with large plump bulbs, and very strong
inflorescences of the finest possible flowers. In fact, these Odontoglossums
were unrivalled in the show. They included O. crispum Annie, O. c.
leucoglossum, O. c. Thompsoniz, O. sceptrum waltonense, with two
racemes, the best bearing 19 flowers, some very fine O. luteopurpureum,
including O. 1. hystrix with three spikes, the best having 17 flowers, O. X
EP sara expansum, some excellent forms of O. X Wilckeanum, including
= x Sied: nobilior bearing a site of 23 flowers and buds, a magnificent

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 141

O X Humeanum splendens, O. Rossii majus profusely flowered, some good
O. Pescatorei, triumphans, X Andersonianum and X Ruckerianum, also
Miltonia Roezlii (formerly called Odontoglossum) with ro spikes.

For 15 Odontoglossums, limited to Amateurs, M. Metdepenningen was
awarded the first prize, the group containing some good O. crispum,
Pescatorei, Rossii majus, gloriosum, X Andersonianum, &c.

This concludes the competitive classes, and it will be seen that in many
cases only one group put in an appearance. It is very curious that classes
for the best Aérides, Angraecum, Anguloa, Calanthe, Coelogyne, Cymbidium,
Lycaste, Masdevallia, Miltonia, Phalenopsis, Saccolabium, Sobralia, Stan-
hopea, Trichopilia, Vanda, and Zygopetalum, not to mention others, should
all have failed to produce an exhibit. A Gold Medal offered for the best
Orchid-house also failed to stimulate competition.

A Special prize, consisting of a Silver Medal, was awarded to M. J.
Buyssens, of Paris, for water-colour drawings of Orchids, and to Messrs.
Cogniaux and Goossens for their Dictionnaire Iconographique des Orchidées.

Messrs. Linden, of Brussels, exhibited a fine group of plants in memory
of the late Jean Linden, which included the following Orchids originally
discovered or introduced by him: Cattleya Triane, Masdevallia coccinea,
Odontoglossum luteopurpureum, O. odoratum, O. Pescatorei, O. trium-
phans, Oncidium Phaleznopsis, and Uropedium Lindeni.

M. Ch. Maron, of Brunoy, Paris, sent a most interesting group, consisting
of Lelio-cattleya x Berthe Fournier (L.-c. X elegans X C. aurea) with a
spike of yellowish-rose flowers not fully expanded, three plants of 1. X
intermedio-flava, a very distinct and pretty hybrid, and about a dozen plants
of Cattleya X Louis Chaton (Triane xX Lawrenceana) a very brilliant
hybrid most like the latter.

M. P. Langhe-Vervaene, of Brussels, sent a group of five fine plants of
Oncidium sarcodes, with spikes four to five feet high. They were grown
in leaf-mould, and potted like an ordinary plant with a few crocks at the
bottom of the pot, and watered freely when growing, but afterwards kept
rather dry.

M. A. Van Beerlere, of Ghent, staged a small group of Odontoglossum
crispum, excellent both for quality and culture, and a very handsome O. X
Ruckerianum. |

Carl Lachner, Berlin, showed Cypripedium villosum variegatum, the
leaves being irregularly banded with white.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans and Bruges, exhibited Odonto-
glossum crispum Roi Leopold, a very beautiful form with cream and white
flowers tinged with rose, and bearing numerous small reddish-brown spots
all over; Lycaste Skinneri Baroness Schroder, with delicate blush sepals, a
white lip, and petals marbled with purple, six well-grown L, 5. alba, and

142 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Aneectochilus Leopoldi, a very robust Philippine species, the largest leaves
being six inches long, beautifully veined like Macodes Sanderiana, and with
a broad light band up the centre.

MM. Duval et fils, Versailles, brought on the second day a good typical
Odontoglossum X mulus, the panicle bearing four side branches and an
aggregate of 19 flowers.

Among groups of miscellaneous specimen plants we noticed several fine
Orchids, including Cymbidium Lowianum, Lycaste Skinneri alba, Oncidium
sarcodes and ampliatum, Masdevallia Veitchiana, Odontoglossum luteo-
purpureum and Macodes Petola, some of them being the finest specimen
Orchids in the show.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

May has always been known from the most prehistoric times as the month
of flowers, but could we add to it, taking into consideration the charming
display now made with our favourites, we should call it the month of
the beautiful flowers, for it is a fact that May in the Orchid houses is the
most productive time of the year. Out of doors the sweet zephyrs have
with their mild breath dispelled the frosts and given back to our forests
and woods their beautiful foliage; our gardens also are already splendidly
decorated with their spring ornaments, and it is the same in our houses,
all the spring flowering varieties being now in full bloom and forming
with their colours most harmonious contrasts.

We shall now take our monthly look round and see which of our plants
are favouring us with their welcome blossoms during the present month.

At the moment of writing the Cool house is actually in all its beauty,
and numerous are the Cclogynes, Cymbidiums, Epidendrums, Odonto-
glossums, Adas, Miltonias, and Sobralias, which are to be seen. It can
hardly improve, for April is its best time, though a few other interesting
things are showing. Well worth growing is the beautiful Cypripedium
spectabile, especially the white form, Masdevallias are also promising ;
M. bella is still flowering, the curious M. Carderi, M. coccinea and its
variety Harryana, the curious M. demissa, geminata, ionocharis, and the
very characteristic M. Rolfeana and Wageneriana, all of them requiring the
warmer end of the Cool house. Oncidium macranthum and _ superbiens
will open their showy flowers during the month, and a few more Odonto-
glossums are blooming, but their season is drawing to a close.

The Intermediate house will reach perfection, for beside the bright
blossoms that it already possesses, many other plants will soon be in full
bloom. Anguloa Clowesii and uniflora, which were previously mentioned

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 143

as showing are now flowering. Brassavola Perrinii and grandiflora are also
worth growing on account of their free blooming quality.

Two quite distinct Lycastes are L. aromatica and Rossiana, which are
both easily grown if well rested. A few Maxillarias are blooming, chiefly
M. rufescens, sanguinea, tenuifolia and Sanderiana, etc. The Miltonias,
of which we mentioned the spikes last month, are now opening their first
blooms, viz: M. spectabilis, vexillaria and its variety Klabochorum.
Charming also are the pendulous spikes of Odontoglossum citrosmum,
Amongst Oncidiums a few others are showing, as O. caminiophorum,
candidum, the pretty exasperatum, ornithopodum, and the free blooming
pumilum. Trichopilia laxa is also promising, as are the two distinct
species of Promenea stapelioides and xanthinum, with their small
dusky purple and yellow flowers. A few Oncidiums and Cypripediums
must also be mentioned.

The Cattleya house is also a gaily decorated department, containing
C. Schroeder, intermedia, Mendelii, Lawrenceana, citrina, and Skinneri,
with the rich Lelia cinnabarina, and Epidendrums, as evectum, Wallisi,
and elongatum. A few more Cattleyas will soon be seen, notably the
difficult growing C. Aclandie, the free blooming C. Mossiz and Warneri,
the latter sometimes called the spring labiata, and the beautiful C. dolosa,,
which lasts in perfection for over a month; also the two bright Dendro-
biums chrysotoxum and thyrsiflorum. Several well-known Epidendrums are
also promising, viz: E. bracteatum, equitans, variegatum and vitellinum
majus. Two other distinct things coming into flower are Gongora
gratulabunda with its long pendulous racemes, and Habenaria rhodochila
with its bright colour. Lelias are also in season, notably the brilliant
L. cinnabarina, and strong sheaths of the old L. purpurata are throwing
up bunches of five or six flowers. L. grandis and L. tenebrosa
are also expected shortly.

The Warm house possesses also some bright stars. The numerous
Dendrobiums and Cypripediums, the showy Eulophiella Elisabeth, Chysis
bractescens, and Rodiguezia fragrans, are some of those which we always
regret when they once again disappear. This house will also soon reach its
perfection, for May is in some respects the best month for Dendrobes, very
few flowering afterwards, considering the total number of species. The
beautiful but difficult to grow D. Bensoni is now showing, also D. Dearei,
Gibsoni, Calceolaria, and podagraria are all pushing up. Several Aérides
are sending forth their spikes, viz: A. Fieldingii, Houlletianum and multi-
florum Hughii. The two free flowering Calanthes X Dominii and
veratrifolia, are in bloom. A few Ccelogynes are also flowering, viz:
C. ochracea, Schilleriana and Swaniana. Cryptochilus sanguinea is a
species worth growing, and Cymbidiums Finlaysonianum, pendulum and

144 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

eburneum will succeed C. Lowianum. In regard to Cypripediums, a few
more are pushing up, the distinct C. niveum and bellatulum, with the
showy C. Curtisii, Rothschildianum, and Selenipedium caudatum Wallisii.
Megaclinium falcatum and minutum are two pretty West tropical African
species. The showy Grammatophyllum Rumphianum is sending forth
its spike also. Some Thunias are also very promising, and ought to be
more extensively grown in collections, chiefly T. alba, Bensonze, Brymeriana
and X Veitchiana, which are all easily cultivated if well rested. Platyclinis
longifolia is also to be seen, also the beautiful Rhynchostylis retusa. Very
handsome are Saccolabium gemmatum, miniatum, and longicalcaratum.
The sweet scented Sarcochilus aureus is worth growing, but it is un-
fortunate that its flowers do not last more than a day. Scuticaria
Hadwenii and Steelii are beginning to show their flowers, which can
be kept for a month if placed in a drier atmosphere, and a few Vandas
will shortly decorate our warm department, viz: the brilliant V. teres,
suavis, and tricolor.

We have partly excluded botanical Orchids from our monthly narration,
but an account of these appears under another heading, for many of them
are very interesting, though they cannot hope to rival the more showy
species. .
ODONTO.

ORCHIS MONOPHYLLA.

A VERY interesting and pretty species from Upper Burmah, which flowered
at. Kew in the early part of last year. It has been known for some time
from dried specimens, having been collected by General Collett in 1888,
on the Shan Hills, at an elevation of 4,000 feet. It was originally described
as Habenaria monophylla (Coll. and Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc., xxviii,
p- 134), but on examining the living flowers I find that the glands of the
pollinia are enclosed in little sacs, precisely as in Orchis, to which genus
it must be transferred. The leaves are exceedingly handsome, being
marbled with blackish purple on a grey green ground, and although
normally solitary, a second one is occasionally developed. The plant is
about a foot high, pubescent, and bears an erect many-flowered raceme
of lilac-purple flowers, with some darker purple spots on the three-lobed
lip, and a curved spur. Except in the leaf it bears a good deal of
resemblance to some of its European cousins. The extension of the
genus to Upper Burmah is interesting, though it was previously known
to reach the Himalayas and Japan.

7 : KAR.

+}

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 145

CATTLEYA QUADRICOLOR.

CATTLEYA QUADRICOLOR and C. chocoensis were both originally described
as distinct species, and afterwards considered to be merely forms of
C. Triane, but the receipt of some interesting flowers and photographs
from Dr. A. M. Hoisholt, of Stockton, California, has led to a
re-consideration of the question, and an alteration in their arrangement.
The latter was indeed omitted from the revision of the genus Cattleya
(ante, vol. i11., pp. 266-270) on account of some additional information which
there was not time to sift, but it now appears to be synonymous with
Lindley’s original C. quadricolor, and quite distinct from C. Triane. A
very interesting article, entitled ‘‘ Cattleya chocoensis at home,’ by
Mr. John E. Lager, in the Florists’ Exchange, was reproduced in these pages

JUADRICOLOR.

FIG.” 5." CATTLEYA

(ante, vol. ii., p. 307), and this, with some supplementary notes (vol.
p. 358), established the fact that the species which it describes is a native of
the western chain of the Andes, along the Rio Cauca, from Tulna down to
the neighbourhood of Fredonia and Concordia, in Antioquia, at about 2,000
to 3,600 feet above sea level (not in the Choco Valley at all), and quite
apart from C. Trianz ; while its botanical features are equally well marked.
Its identity with C. quadricolor is also sufficiently clear. The earliest
mention of the latter plant is in Paxton’s Flower Garden, 1850 (vol. I, p. 6),
where, in a note under C. labiata, Lindley remarks :—‘‘ There is a C.
quadricolor in the possession of Mr, Rucker with which we are not

. 146: THE ORCHID REVIEW.

sufficiently acquainted to say how it differs from the last.” Lindley had
received it for name in February, 1849. Fourteen years later a description
was published by Bateman (Gard. Chron., 1864, p. 269), who remarked :—
“This beautiful Cattleya is quite distinct from every previously known
species of this genus. A single plant of it was introduced many years ago
by Mr. Rucker from New Granada, and to his kindness I am indebted for
the specimen that is now (March tst) flowering at Knypersley, and from
which the above description has been drawn up.” He then alludes toa
dried flower and sketch in Lindley’s Herbarium, the former being correct,
but the latter was made by Lindley from a flower sent by Hadwen in May,
1853, from a plant received from the Rio Negro. This Lindley wrongly
identified with his earlier C. quadricolor, but: it belongs to C. Eldorado
(which was not described till long afterwards) as both the .coloured! sketch
and the dried flower from which it was prepared show. In 1865 Bateman’s
plant was figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 5504), where we get the
additional information that Mr. Rucker originally obtained it from a
correspondent who met with a single plant on the upper waters of the
Rio Magdalena—which, in the light of recent information, we may infer to
have been the Rio Cauca. Bateman also remarked that the segments ‘‘ do
not spread themselves out as freely as those of most other Cattleyas do,”’
and that.up to the present time he had ‘seen no Cattleya with such closely
imbricated white flowers,” which, taken in conjunction with the fact that
no other plants had yet appeared, raised the question whether it were not a
peloria of some other species; finally adding :—‘‘ Whether or no C.
quadricolor itself will have to be added to the list of cancelled species is a
question that time only can determine.’’ In 1868 Gustav Wallis, when
collecting for Mr. J. Linden, sent home a fine lot of Cattleyas from the
Rio Atrato, which received the name of C. chocoensis in 1870 (André in
Ill. Hort., xvii., p. 37), and three years later a plate appeared showing six
differently coloured forms (I.c., xx., p. 43, t. 120). It was described as not
only a new type, but a veritable tribe of varieties, in allusion to the
variation in colour; the campanulate shape of the flowers, owing to their
petals being sessile and broad at the base, were also well pointed out, and this
character is well seen in all the figures above cited, as well as in our present
one, which is reproduced from a photograph sent by Dr. Hoisholt. Dr.
Hoisholt’s plants were collected by Mr. John E. Lager, and show much
variation, one having a stripe in the petals, and another being the nearest
approach to an albino that we have met with, having a little of the faintest
_ possible tint of blush in the throat, round the yellow disc. Althongh this
Cattleya is not equal to C. Trianz in point of beauty, its distinctness seems
now to be fully established, on which account we hope to see it better

ronroa

nti ar Se ees
dodo tiers Se PUL urCc,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 147
BOTANICAL ORCHIDS.

MANY very interesting and even striking species of Orchids never seem to
become generally cultivated, either from their rarity, because not very
showy, or, in a few cases, because difficult to cultivate. Strictly speaking
the first and last may not always be botanical species, though they are
usually classed among them, but among the remainder are many very
attractive little plants of the easiest culture if only grown with their
showier cousins from the same country, and treated in a similar way.
Many of them are exhibited from time to time, especially by Sir Trevor
Lawrence, whose group at the Temple Show is invariably more interesting
through their presence, which forces the conclusion upon us that these
plants deserve a little more attention generally, as they would amply repay
the little trouble required.

The pretty Bartholina pectinata, mentioned last month, is very
remarkable with its divided lip consisting of numerous radiating filaments
of a bluish colour, and like all South African bulbous plants, it requires
a period of rest, coinciding with our winter months. A mixture of fibrous
loam, leaf mould and sand, seems to answer very well if grown in a cool
place. Calopogon pulchellus is a very characteristic species, and is the
only cultivated one of the genus. It possesses purple flowers with a fine
yellow beard of hairs growing from the lip, and needs the same treatment as
the above-mentioned species. Calypso borealis, now in flower, is very
pretty. It is a native of the northern hemisphere, not exceeding
4 inches high, and extremely sweet-scented. The flower is of a delicate
rose colour, and possesses a lip resembling Cypripedium in some
respects. -It requires light sandy compost, and’ thrives very well
in a cool shady place. Holothrix villosa and Disperis capensis are two
interesting species belonging to the South African Flora, which thrive very
well if treated like the previously mentioned plants.

A large number of botanical species are found in the warm regions,
and they require Intermediate house treatment. Cecelia Baueriana is a
. West Indian and Mexican species, which should be grown in pots in a
mixture of peat and sphagnum. It flowers annually, and is very fragrant.
Eria confusa, and E. excavata are two free blooming Indian species, easily
grown like Dendrobiums. Epidendrum Linkianum is a pretty little
Mexican species which succeeds very well in the Cattleya house.
Masdevallia erythrochete is a profuse bloomer when well grown, the
‘flowers being yellowish, with reddish brown tails. Maxillaria Houtteana,
with its deep red blooms, is well worth growing.

A few Pleurothallis are also worth cultivating, and the four following
species are now to be seen in flower:—P. longissima, a very handsome

148 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

species when well cultivated, P. villosa, not exceeding four inches high,
with its darkish flowers under the leaves; the curious P. sicaria, and
finally the striking P. Scapha. They all thrive under similar treatment.
It would be worth trying to cross such a variety as P. longissima with one
of the coloured species of Masdevallia. The result ought to be interesting.
Physosiphon is another pretty tropical American genus, represented in
cultivation by only a few species. P. Moorei and Loddigesii are distinct
varieties, free blooming and extremely easy to grow. Restrepia
ophiocephala is remarkably distinct from its allies, some of which are very
charming little plants.

Polystachya pubescens and zambesiaca are also showing for flower.
The former is a free growing species when treated like Burlingtonia. P.
laxiflora is a West Tropical African species now in flower.

Scaphosepalum is closely allied to Masdevallia, under which the species
were formerly classed. Some of them are very free blooming, and continue
to flower for two or three months. They require the same culture as
Masdevallia.

Amongst warm house species, only a few are now showing, as the
easily grown Bulbophyllum occultum, native of Mauritius, and the small
Cirrhopetalum compactum, which, when grown in baskets, flowers annually.
Cottonia macrostachya is a very curious species requiring the same treat-
ment as Vanda. Ornithidium nanum is a tiny West Indian species which
flowers regularly every year. Goodyera procera is a Tropical Asiatic species
with spikes of minute white flowers. We hope to mention this subject
again, when other interesting favourites are in flower.

If any one desires to make a selection of these interesting little plants
they will find abundance of materials to select from, among the genera
Angrecum, Bulbophyllum, Cirrhopetalum, Megaclinium, and many others,
both epiphytic and terrestrial, which would impart additional interest to
their collections.

OponTo.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MAY.

BY H. A. BURBERRY.

THE summer temperatures should now be maintained, as a general guide for
which the following figures may be of some assistance :—

Coot House.—This department should simply be kept as cool as
possible both day and night. Plenty of air admitted during the cool of the ©
night is most ail to this section of Orchids. Heavily shade from the
sun, and dings moist by damping down at intervals.

_ INTERMEDIATE, Ls eam Day, with sun heat, 75°;

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 149

without sun, 65° to 70° ; night, 65° ; morning, 55° to 60°. Well shade from
the sun ; keep a good supply of moisture by damping down at intervals;
keep the atmosphere pure and fresh by admitting air judiciously, and, if
possible, have the hot-water pipes just luke-warm at night to promote
circulation.

East INDIAN Housre.—The above remarks apply also to this depart-
ment, the temperatures of which should be : Day, with sun heat, 85° to go°;
without sun, 70° to 75° ; night, 70° ; morning, 60° to 65°,

Dendrobium infundibulum and D. Jamesianum are species that grow
best in the coolest house. They will now be in flower : after which, if re-
potting is required, it should be done, using small pans or baskets for the
purpose. This isa good time of the year for doing up the Stanhopeas,
putting them in larger baskets if they require it; otherwise they are best
if not disturbed at the root. They should always be grown in baskets
without crocks of any kind at the bottom, in order that the flower spikes
which always come through the bottom, may have a clear road. The
compost should consist of peat two parts, and sphagnum moss one part.
They are fond of a fair amount of warmth.

Cymbidiums should be attended to as soon as they pass out of bloom,
and now is a good time to do the requisite re-potting. The best compost
is two parts of lumpy peat, not necessarily the best fibrous, and one part of
turfy loam, adding thereto a liberal quantity of silver sand, and surfacing
here and there with a bit of live sphagnum, which will grow and add to the
general appearance. Let the pots be well crocked to about one-half their
depth. They are cool growing Orchids, and should occupy the coolest
house.

_ The Coryanthes, Catasetums, and Mormodes should now be basketed up.
These species are fond of warmth, especially while growing, and are
particularly fond of fresh material about their roots, so that they should
never be allowed to get into a sour condition. Sphagnum moss alone may
be used for these species, as they grow equally as well as when peat is added,
and it is always well to save the peat when possible. They should always
be grown in baskets or pans, and care must be taken not to over-water.
The above remarks also apply to the curious Swan’s Neck Orchid,
Cycnoches chlorochilon.

If the Odontoglossum citrosmums are not now producing their flower
spikes from the centre of the new growth, they will probably not do so this
year, and they should be watered and grown on. Re-pot any that are over-
growing their pots or baskets, using chiefly peat, and pressing the same in
firmly. Surface with sphagnum moss here and there, which will grow and
form a better criterion as to when water is required. Expect to see the
pseudobulbs shrivel a little after root disturbances.

150 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Cyrtopodiums are now starting to grow. These species are rather shy
bloomers, and rarely do so until very fine large bulbs have been grown,
which in their turn have been thoroughly well rested throughout the winter.
The flower spikes should now soon be showing. They appear from the new
growth when it is about two inches high. The plant should therefore be
stinted with water in order to force the spike. Should the growth push
rapidly and commence to produce its leaves, the spike need not be expected,
and the plant may be watered and grown on in a warm, sunny temperature.
Proceed with the required re-potting in all directions wherever possible,
remembering that the roots are now getting very active, and the sooner the
potting is done the more quickly will the plants again become re-established
and settle down to grow. Never forget to well shade recently-potted plants
and to keep pretty well of moisture about them.

What a beautiful flower! I wonder if I could grow it? I wish I knew
_ for certain if there is any probability of my being able to grow so-and-so
under my existing conveniences. Such are the questions, the doubts and
uncertainties one sometimes hears. I will try and answer these questions
and trust that my remarks may be of some use to all whom it may concern.

Under the simple and easily obtainable conditions which I shall here-
after describe, it is really wonderful what an enormous quantity of different
species of Orchids can be collected from various parts of the world into one
or two small houses and there succeed well together, growing and flowering
freely. There are two important groups, generally known as Intermediate
house Orchids and Cool house Orchids, which chiefly differ in the former’s
requiring more warmth during the summer months, when they are making
their growth, or in other words, their growing season in their native habitats
is much warmer than their winter or resting season. With the latter section
there is but little climatic difference between winter and summer, or their
growing and resting season, it is, I have been told, like one perpetual spring.

Now, regarding the warmer section, the extra warmth preferred when
growing offers no difficulties, as nature supplies us with that in the form of
increased power and warmth from the sun. We may maintain during the
summer almost any degree we want, and, in fact, if we don’t pay due
attention to little details such as shading and ventilating, it is quite easy to
have too much warmth. Now, in order to grow both of these sections up
to a high standard ot excellence, it will at once be seen that there should
either be two separate houses or one house divided off in the centre by a
glass partition, so that the one department may be given more warmth
during the summer months than the other. In other words the one may
during summer resemble the Intermediate house and the other the Cool
house, but during winter, both departments should resemble the Cool house,
_ and the same amount of hot-water piping will therefore be suitable for both

THE ORCHID REVIEW. rst

departments. I may also mention here that no great alarm need be felt
about the night temperature in the warmer house falling as low as that of the
cooler one during summer. So long as more warmth is given during the
day, and the house shut up earlier in the afternoon, the plants will go on
well enough. It is quite natural for the temperature to fall at night in their
native habitat. Those belonging to the warmer section of cool-growing
Orchids are too numerous to mention separately, but may be briefly
indicated as follows: In the first place, I may say that it includes most of
those beautiful and glorious things belonging to the genus Cattleya. There
are a few, however, that should be excepted, such as C. Eldorado, C.
Lueddemanniana (speciosissima), C. superba, C. Aclandiaw, and C. Dowiana,
which are really better for more warmth during the winter. It also
‘embraces most of the lovely species of Lelia and many of the Vandas as
the beautiful V. coerulea, V. Amesiana, V. insignis, V. Kimballiana, and V.
suavis, in fact, nearly all the genus. A few of the Aérides, such as A.
odoratum, A. Lobbii, A. japonicum, A. Fieldingii, A. crispum, and A.
Vandarum. <A_ great quantity of Cypripediums and _ Selenipediums °
may be classed in this group, the only exceptions being those
that come from the hot lowlands, such as C. phillippinense, C.
Sanderianum, C. Stonei, and C. longifolium, and even these need not
really be excluded, as they will do fairly well under the same treatment.
As for the Dendrobiums which will succeed here, their name is legion,
in fact all of them, with the exception of the few that come from the
Torres Straits, such as D. bigibbum and D. Phalznopsis, which are better
for a higher temperature throughout the year, although they may be made
to do fairly well if the most suitable positions are selected. Then there are
many of the warmer growing Odontoglossums, such as O. grande, O.
Londesbervughianum, O. Harryanum, O. citrosmum, O. Insleayi, and O.
Schlieperianum ; also many of the Oncidiums, such as O. sphacelatum, O.
Harrisonianum, O. hastatum, and others. Many Coelogynes, Epidendrums,
Zygopetalums, Lycastes, Brassias, Maxillarias, Miltonias, Trichopilias, &c.,
will succeed here.

I think I have now shown what an extraordinary number of different
species and varieties can, with a little tact, patience, and perseverance, be
grown well in one house and under practically the same treatment. Of
course, when you have a large number like this in one house, little matters,
more or less vexing and difficult to cope with, are continually cropping up.
In many cases these difficulties are the direct result of our being ignorant of
the exact conditions under which certain plants may be found in the most
luxuriance in their native habitats, hence we are unable to select for them
the most suitable positions within our houses.. The same temperature and
atmosphere are fairly suitable for all, and the positions suited to their

152 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

individual requirements may in most instances be quickly acquired by
reading up the subject. Those preferring most light should be suspended ;
those requiring shade should be the furthest away from the glass ; and those
preferring a moist or dry position should be catered for accordingly. We
will now pass on to the cool Orchids, which are also a large family, but not
nearly so numerous as the first named. The treatment of these differs
during summer only. They come from altitudes where the conditions of
summer and winter vary but little, therefore during summer it is necessary
for us to keep the house in which they grow as cold as possible, as the
hottest part of our English summer is really too hot for them, and it is
necessary therefore to shade heavily, to ventilate freely, and to damp down
copiously, in order to prevent the atmosphere from becoming very dry. Do
not make use of the top ventilators too freely during very dry or windy
weather, or the moisture escapes too rapidly. A good way to ventilate is to
set wide open the doors or to open the side ventilators, as you then get a
good steady circulation of fresh air instead of a winnowing, drying draught.
Syringing overhead may be performed during hot, dry weather, but
generally I do not recommend it, as the plants do not appear to be
benefited by the practice nearly so much as those belonging to the warmer
section. This cool Orchid house may be a structure of almost any size or
shape, so long as the above conditions are maintained, and the particular
species that are best cultivated therein may now be mentioned.

In the first place we have nearly the whole of the large genus Odonto-
glossum, including, of course, that popular and beautiful species, O. crispum,
and, indeed, almost the entire genus, with the exceptions of those previously
mentioned as being partial to a slightly warmer temperature during the
time they are forming new growth. Too much importance need not, how-
ever, be attached to this ; for I have lately seen during my journeys some
wonderfully fine examples of good culture of cool and intermediate Odonto-
glossums growing all together in one house. Again, a large number of
Oncidiums do well here, as O. crispum, O. cucullatum, O. dasytyle, O.
Forbesii, O. incurvum, O. Marshallianum, O. tigrinum, O. unguiculatum,
O. varicosum, and others. Most of the Masdevallias will also grow best
here; also the whole of the Anguloas, the Cochliodas, the Cymbidiums, the
pretty little Sophronitis grandiflora, and several of the Epidendrums,
including the brilliant and well-known E. vitellinum. The whole of the
above prefer the conditions of the coolest house better than any other.

A third class of Orchids is generally known as ‘“‘ East Indian House
Orchids,” and this house in simply what is knwn in gardens as the ‘‘ Stove.”
All having such a house, with facilities for maintaining a good degree of
warmth at all times of the year, can hope to grow East Indian Orchids with
success. The ee —- So eaig must be mentioned here, with

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 153

a few of the warmer growing Dendrobiums, such as D. Bensone, D.
Dalhousieanum, D. Dearei, D. Lowii, D. Johnsonia, D. superbum, D.
macrophyllum, D. Parishii, D. bigibbum, D. superbiens, and D.
Phalznopsis. There are also a few of the Oncidiums that are better for this
greater heat, such as O. Papilio, O. Kramerianum, O. Lanceanum, O.
ampliatum, and O. splendidum; also the genera Mormodes, Saccolabium,
Angrecum, Chysis, Calanthe, and Catasetum. I do not say that the above
will not grow in intermediate temperature, but they will certainly grow
better in more warmth, though many of them will grow and do well treated
simply as I have advised for intermediate Orchids, and lately I have seen
some curious instances of this, so that the fact of my mentioning these as
requiring more heat need not deter any one from giving them a trial in lesser
warmth; for it is wonderful what can be done in houses that lay well to
catch the sun’s warmth in the clear air of country places, combined with
due attention and a fair amount of knowledge of their requirements.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND
ORCHID SOCIETY,
A MEETING of this Society was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on
14th April, 1898, when the members of the Committee present were :—
Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair), Law - Schofield, [eemann,
Backhouse, Bolton, Johnson, and Gent (Hon. Sec.).

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed a very
fine Lycaste named L. X Mary Gratrix, a cross between L. Skinneri and
plana. The petals are a rich dark maroon and the sepals a dull terra cotta,
the contrast being very pleasing. A First-class Certificate was awarded.
The same exhibitor also staged a very nice plant of Dendrobium x Sibyl.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed a very
healthy, well-grown plant of Cypripedium %X macrochilum giganteum,
which obtained a First-class Certificate, and Dendrobium nobile Back-
houseanum.

E. J. Sidebotham, Esq., Bowdon (gr. Mr. Shiner), showed Cattleya
Lueddemanniana (speciosissima), a fine plant and good variety, but the
flowers not so large as we have seen them on this plant.

Duncan Gilmore, Esq., Sheffield (gr. Mr. Day), showed Cattleya
Schroeder albens. This was entered as alba, but there was the slightest
tint of pink in the flower which caused the Committee to award an Award
of Merit only. In other respects the flower was first-class.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed a light and
distinct form of Cypripedium Mastersianum (Award of Merit), C. x
Germinyanum violaceum, Cattleya Schreedere, C. Triane, a very fine

154 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

form of Odontoglossum X Ruckerianum with long segments, (Award of
Merit), and O. crispum, a very pretty white form, full and of very good
substance, (Award of Merit).

H. Shaw, Esq., Birch Vale (gr. Mr. Cliffe), showed a very pretty form
of Cattleya Mendelii delicata, with petals and sepals of light pink and
labellum white (Award of Merit).

D. Lord, Esq., Stackstead (gr. Mr. Swallow), showed a fine form of
Cymbidium eburneum (Award of. Merit).

M. G. Buckley, Esq., Saddleworth, showed a yellow form of casein
insigne with rather small flower, accounted for, no doubt, by its being out
of season.

Messrs. Hugh Low, and Co., Enfield, showed a very fine dark-lipped
Cattleya Triane named gloriosa, C. Mendelii Mrs. Leemann, a very fine
spotted Odontoglossum crispum called The Gem (Award of Merit),
Cymbidium xX Lowio-eburneum (Award of Merit), C. Lowianum concolor
(Award of Merit), and Cypripedium xX James Buckingham. The same
exhibitors also staged a very effective group consisting of the above plants,
a very fine form of Odontoglossum xX Wilckeanum, O. luteopurpureum,
Cattleya Mendelii, Oncidium Marshallianum, Cypripedium X Swinburnei
magnificum, C. X selligerum majus, and many others. The Society’s
Silver Medal was awarded to this group.

At the meeting held on April 28th there was a very fine display of
Orchids. Present: Messrs. Thompson (in the chair), Shorland Ball,
Rappart, Cypher, Leemann, Law-Schofield, Sidebotham, Weathers,
Greenwood, Johnson, Warburton, and Gent (hon. sec.)

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Hay), showed a very fine
flower of Cypripedium Lawrenceanum Hyeanum (F-c.C.) C. X grande
atratum, C. X Schroedere splendens, a good dark form of Cattleya
Lawrenceana, Odontoglossum Rossii rubescens (A.M.), and the rare
Dendrobium atroviolaceum (A.M.).

Thomas Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed Cypripedium
Lawrenceanum Hyeanum (F-c.C.) and C. caudatum Wallisii (A.M.)

E. J. Sidebotham, Esq., Bowdon (gr. Mr. Shiner), showed a well-
flowered and excellent variety of Dendrobium x Venus (A.M.).

D. B. Rappart, Esq., Liscard (gr. Mr. Nicholson), showed Dendrobium
nobile, Hutchinson’s var. (A.M.) and Cattleya Mendelii Venus.

The Ven. Archdeacon Rawstone, Blackburn (gr. Mr. Hewitt), showed a
very fine form of Cattleya Triane (A.M.).

E. Stanley Clarke, Esq., Wrexham (gr. Mr. Edwards), showed
Dendrobium Schreedere, D. densiflorum, Odontoglossum cirrhosum, and
O. X Ruckerianum.

Duncan Gilmore, Esq., Sheffield (gr. Mr. Day), showed Cattleya

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 155

Mendelii Dorothy Gilmore, a very fine form with exceptionally dark lip
(A.M.), C. Mossie, and Cypripedium X Schroedere.

His Grace the Duke of Westminster, Eaton Hall, Cheshire (gr. Mr.
Barnes), sent a flower spike of Odontoglossum Pescatorei Duchess of
Westminster, a flower of perfect form, good size, and profusely spotted with
dark purple. The Committee were of the unanimous opinion that had the
plant been shown a First-class Certificate would have been awarded, but
one of the rules of the Society is that flowers be not adjudicated upon unless
the Committee are of opinion that it would have been risky to bring the
plant.

James Cypher, Cheltenham, showed a very fine form of
Odontoglossum crispum named Cypherii. The flower is full and of good
size, with large dark maroon blotches on the sepals and numerous small
specks or splashes of the same colour clustered about the centre of the
petals. It is very distinct, and was deservedly awarded a First-class
Certificate.

Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, showed Cattleya X Philo,
C. Schroeder amabilis, a large well-shaped flower with well-opened and
dark yellow-throated labellum (A.M.), Epiphronitis x Veitchii (F-c.C.),
Lelio-cattleya x Ascania superba (A.M.), L.-c. X Wellsiana, Epidendrum
x elegantulum, Zygopetalum X Perrenoudi, with very dark lip, but not so
good in size as we have seen it (A.M.), and Lelia X Latona, of a very
effective rich terra cotta in colour (A.M.)._ This exhibitor also staged a very
effective group, to which a vote of thanks was awarded.

Messrs. Linden, Brussels, showed a very fine lot of Odontoglossums, the
best being O. x Wilckeanum Lindeni, an excellent form with rich dark spots
(F-c.C.). The same exhibitors also showed O. X W. Princess des
Canaries, very distinct, the groundwork of the flower being of a vivid yellow
colour (A.M.), O. crispum Princess Clementine (A.M.), O. X Ruckeri
lilacina, a very distinct and pretty pink form with dark spotting (A.M.),
O. xX versicolor, natural hybrid (A.M.), O. Pescatorei, and O. X Wilckeanum
Schusterianum.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed Cattleya Mendelii and three
plants of Odontoglossum crispum.

H. Greenwood, Esq.; Haslingden, showed a small group, which received

a vote of thanks.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

At the meeting held at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on April
12th there was a very good display of Orchids, and the following members
of the Orchid Committee were present :--S. Courtauld, Esq., in the Chair,

156 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

and Messrs. J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.), H. Ballantine, T. W. Bond, R.
Brooman-White, H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, De B. Crawshay, Major
Mason, H.M. Pollett, F. J. Thorne, W. H. White, and W. H. Young.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), staged a
very choice group, not for competition, which was specially remarkable for a
cut inflorescense of the handsome Eulophiella Peetersiana, the first produced
in cultivation, to which a First-class Certificate was awarded. It was
described at page 104 of our last issue. Other remarkable plants were
Cypripedium xX Olenus Burford variety, a specially large richly-coloured
form (First-class Certificate), Masdevallia ventricularia longicaudata, a
crimson-purple flower of novel shape, also shown for the first time
(Botanical Certificate), Cymbidium Devonianum with six long racemes of
flowers (Cultural Commendation), Polystachya Ottoniana forming a mass
of white flowers, the remarkable Dendrobium Harveyanum, figured at p. 81,
D. lituiflorum album, D. X micans, D. crepidatum superbum, Masdevallia
leontoglossa, Odontoglossum xX excellens Prince of Orange, O. apterum
candidulum, Epidendrum xX Endresio- Walisii, a fine specimen of
Epiphronitis x Veitchii, &c.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Aldous), showed a
magnificent Odontoglossum xX Wilckeanum called Pitt’s variety, with very
large yellow flowers blotched with deep red-brown, to which a First-class
Certificate was given.

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whiffen), staged a
fine group of well-grown plants, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was
given. It contained a superb form of Cattleya Lueddemanniana, some
good C. Trianze and C. Mendelii, Oncidium olivaceum Lawrenceanum,
some fine Odontoglossum crispum, and other handsome species.

J. Coleman, Esq., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. King), also received a
Silver Banksian Medal for a very effective group, containing some good
Odontoglossum ramosissimum, Dendrobium Brymerianum, some good D.
nobile, D. Victoria-Reginz, a fine Cattleya Triane, Cymbidium x eburneo-
Lowianum, a fine form of Sophronitis grandiflora, and a fine Coelogyne
cristata alba in the centre.

Major Joicey, Sunningdale Park (gr. Mr. Thorne), staged a dozen superb
plants of Diacrium bicornutum with an aggregate of about forty racemes,
to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. He also sent a fine Cattleya
Schroeder, Dendrobium atroviolaceum, Brassia Lewisii, &c.

A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse),
showed Odontoglossum Pescatorei album, a beautiful albino, the handsome
O. crispum Lindeni (Award of Merit), and a very pretty hybrid
Cypripedium, said to have been raised from C. bellatulum and C.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 157

Baron Sir H. Schroder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), sent a
few magnificent Odontoglossums, including the handsomely spotted O.
crispum Schroederianum, the pretty O. c. Horsmanii, and O. x excellens
dellense.

Malcolm C. Cooke, Esq., Kingston Hill (gr. Mr. Buckell), sent Odonto-
glossum triumphans aureum and Cypripedium Chamberlainia:.um.

Claude Hamilton, Esq., Dunmore Park, Larbert, N.B., sent a fine
form of Dendrobium nobile.

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond),
showed the handsome Lelio-cattleya x Sir William Ingram.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. Chapman),
staged a very interesting group, containing some good Cattleya Lawrenceana,
two specimens of Cymbidium Devonianum with several racemes each, C. X
eburneo-Lowianum and C. X Lowiano-eburneum, a fine Dendrobium nobile
Cooksonianum, some good hybrid Cypripediums, Pleurothallis ornata, P.
Scapha, P. Grobyi, and other interesting things.

J. S. Moss, Esq., Wintershill, Bishops Waltham (gr. Mr. Kench), sent
a fine form of Odontoglossum & Ruckerianum.

W. C. Walker, Esq., Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr. Cragg), showed a good
form of Odontoglossum xX Ruckerianum.

Sir F. Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), sent a
very fine inflorescense of Coelogyne pandurata.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, staged a very fine group, to
which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained the new hybrid,
Phalznopsis xX Stuartiano-Mannii (P. Mannii @ X P. Stuartiana 3),
together with its two parents (Award of Merit), Epidendrum Xx elegan-
tulum leucochilum, with pale yellow sepals and petals and a white lip
(Award of Merit), Dendrobium X Aspasia langleyense, a clear yellow form
with orange disc becoming reddish at the base (Award of Merit), 4
Wiganie, D. x Rolfee, D. X Cybele, D. X Euryclea, D. X_ splendid-
issimum nobilius, Lelia x Latona, L. x Euterpe, Epiphronitis x Veitchii,
Lzlio-cattleya x Ascania, L.-c. x Pallas, a fine unnamed hybrid derived
from C. Triane @ and L. purpurata ¢, Cymbidium Xx eburneo-Lowianum
and C. X Lowio-eburneum, Epidendrum X Phcebus (O’Brienianum X
vitellinum), E. Wallisii, E. x Endresio-Wallisi, E. x elegantulum,
Cattleya X intertexta, &c.

Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Enfield, showed Phalaenopsis X Schroederze
(leucorrhoda xX intermedia Portei),a very pretty hybrid, having blush-white
flowers with some red and yellow markings at the base of the lip, to which
an Award of Merit was given.

At the Meeting held on April 26th, the display of Orchids was
particularly fine, and the following members of the Committee were

158 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

present :—W. Thompson, Esq., in the Chair, J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.),
E. Ashworth, H. Ballantine, T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb,
De B. Crawshay, S. Courtauld, J. Douglas, T. B. Haywood, E. Hill,
H. Little, H. M. Pollett, A. H. Smee, F. J. Thorne, W. H. White,
H. Williams, and W. H. Young.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook),
showed Cattleya Mendelii Beatrice Ashworth, a nearly white form, and
C. Schreedere Harefield Hall variety, with crimson lip, each of them
receiving an Award of Merit.

His Grace, the Duke of Westminster, Eaton Hall, Chester (gr. Mr.
Barnes), sent Odontoglossum Pescatorei Duke of Westminster, a fine form
much blotched with purple, to which an Award of Merit was given.

H. Greenwood, Esq., Highfield, Haslingden, showed Odontoglossum
x Humeanum Greenwood’s variety, O. x H. maximum, a very fine
form, which received an Award of Merit, and O. X aspersum violaceum.

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond),
sent Cattleya x Sedeni (Lawrenceana xX Percivaliana), most like the
former, but with broader lip (Award of Merit).

J. Sparks, Esq., Heathside, Ewhurst, sent the Australian Cymbidium
canaliculatum, with dull purple flowers (Award of Merit).

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), sent
a fine specimen of Dendrobium albosanguineum, Odontoglossum polyxan-
thum, and a fine plant of Cypripedium x Gertrude Hollington, the latter
receiving a Cultural Commendation.

J. Colman, Esq., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. King), also received a Cultural
Commendation for a splendid plant of Cattleya Lawrenceana, with about
twenty flowers.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), again
showed the handsome Odontoglossum triumphans Lionel Crawshay in
splendid condition, which was awarded a Cultural Commendation.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart, Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), showed
Mormodes cenanthum, mnch like M. buccinator in form, but with claret-
purple flowers. It bore four racemes, and was awarded a Botanical
Certificate.

The Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury, Birmingham
(gr. Mr. Smith), sent the handsome Masdevallia x Shuttryana Chamber-
lainii, and several ,plants of Lelio-cattleya x highburiensis (C. Law-
renceana X L. cinnabarina), a most striking thing, with salmon-rose
sepals and petals and a rich claret-purple lip.

Baron Sir H. Schroder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), sent
Casa triumphans superbiens, a very large and richly-coloured

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 159"

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whiffen) sent a
very nice group, containing the chaste Cattleya intermedia alba, a fine
C. Lawrenceana, Brassia brachiata, Dendrobium Jamesianum, and several
fine varieties of Odontoglossum crispum.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, sent a branch
of the rare Neobenthamia gracilis (Rolfe) with a head of white flowers,
prettily spotted on the lip.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Aldous), showed a
good form of Odontoglossums triumphans.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a very fine group, to
which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained many fine plants
of the richly-coloured Lelia x Latona, Masdevallia Veitchiana with
twenty flowers, some fine forms of Cattleya Mendelii, C. * Philo, Lzlio-
cattleya X Ascania superba in excellent condition, a fine Epidendrum
Wallisii, Brassia brachiata, &c. Three superb hybrids received special
awards, namely, Lelio-cattleya xX Thorntoni (C. Gaskelliana 2 x L.
Digbyana ¢), first raised by Mr. Thornton, and described at page 339
of our last volume (First-class Certificate), L.-c. X Wellsiana langleyensis
(C. Triane @ X L. purpurata ¢), white, tinged with lilac and richly-
coloured lip (F.-c. C.), and Cattleya Schroedere amabilis, peach-colour
with deep orange throat (Award of Merit).

Messrs. Linden, L’Horticulture Internationale, Brussels, staged a really
magnificent group, to which a Silver-gilt Flora Medal was deservedly
awarded. It contained a rich series of Odontoglossum xX Wilckeanum
varieties, of which O. X W. Lindeni was the best heavily marked form,
and O. xX W. Princess des Canaries a bright yellow flower with long,
slightly spotted segments, while the interval between them was filled by
numerous distinct forms with both yellow and white ground. Other
interesting Odontoglossums were O. X Queen of the Belgians, curiously
intermediate between O. crispum and Hunnewellianum, O. X Ruckerianum
deliciosum, a richly spotted form, O. Pescatorei Roi Leopold, well spotted
with violet, O. triumphans, Miltonia vexillaria candidula, M. v. Lindeni,
a large and handsome deep ‘rose-coloured form, Cypripedium Argus
Lindeni, C. xX Lebaudyanum superbum, a fine C. Rothschildianum, a
fine blush-white Cattleya Mendelii, called The Pearl, and other fine
things.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, stayed a very effective group, to
which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained some fine forms
of Cattleya Mendelii, some fine O. crispum and O. X Andersonianum, a
plant of the latter bearing three large branched spikes, some good O.
cirrhosum, O. Edwardii, O. Pescatorei enfieldense with small purple
spots on the petals, some good Oncidium spilopterum, &c,

160 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, also received a
Silver Banksian Medal for a good group, including some very fine
forms of Odontoglossum crispum, Cattleya Mendelii Morganiz and other
good forms of the species, Vanda suavis, some good varieties of
Trichopilia coccinea, the handsome Trichcentrum tigrinum, and other
good things.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

Ca:LOGYNE MAsSANGEANA.—Rev. Hort. Belge, April 15, p. gt, with plate.

CyPRIPEDIUM X F. S. Roperts.—Gard. Mag., April 16, p. 249, with
fig. (“‘ F. S. Ames,” by error: vide l.c., April 23, p- 256).

DENDROBIUM FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM.—Gard. Mag., February 12, p.
377, with fig.

DENDROBIUM NOBILE ASHWORTHIANUM.—Gard. Chron., April 2, p.
203, fig. 77.

EULOPHIELLA PEETERSIANA.—Gard. Chron., April 2, pp. 200, 201, fig.
76, and suppl. plate; Journ. Hort., April 21, p. 343, fig. 66.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM BARONESS SCHRODER.—Garden, April 9, p.
297, with fig.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM PRINCESS CHRISTIAN.—Journ. Hort., March
31, p- 277, fig. 57.—A fine form of O. X Wilckeanum with white ground.

ODONTOGLOSSUM X WILCKEANUM PITT12.—Garden, April 16, Pp. 325,
with fig.

PHAL£NOPSIS X JOHN SEDEN.—Garden, April 9, p- 297, with fig. ;
Journ. Hort., April 14, p. 321, fig. 63.

TRICHOPILIA BREVIS.—Gard. Mag., F ebruary 12, p. 102, with fig.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

( gsmeseweun not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in
cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue.)

A. W. H., Stockton. Phalenopsis Aphrodite and P. Schilleriana are usually grown
together—indeed they occur together in a wild state—but the former is less vigorous. It is
difficult to account for the roots going off, but we should try one or two plants with less
materials about the roots, trusting to damping nig for the necessary moisture. P.
amabilis (grandiflora) has rather longer and paler leav:

J. S.S., Twickenham. A good typical Odontoglossum x Andersonianum, a natural
hybrid between O. cripum and gloriosum. See vol. l, pp. 170-174. Oncidium sarcodes
with spike 5 feet high, and 132 flowers is canalaty very fine. The flowers sent are very

G.S.M. Is it not possible that too much ammonia has been used? We do rot know
if it ever disfigures the foliage of soft-leaved Orchids,
ey aon R. We have heard of Dendrobium seedlings germinating from seeds sent home
on ted plants, | not cond to be hybrids,

Orchids! Orchids!

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JOHN COWAN & CO.

HAVE AN IMMENSE

STOCK or ORCHIDS

CONSISTING OF
Tens of Thousands of HEALTHY, VIGOROUS, WELL-GROWN PLANTS,

in great Variety ; and additions are constantly being made by the Purchasing of Private
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e Company are constantly receiving Importations of Orchids from various parts
of the world, all of which they Offer for Sale by Private Treaty as they come to hand,
at very reasonable Prices.

Descriptive and Priced Cataiogues of their Stock of Established Orchids, as well as of
each importation as it comes to hand, will be sent Post Free on application to the Company.

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,
GARSTON, NEAR LIVERPOOL.

MANCHESTER & NORTH OF THE AMATEUR ORCHID CULTIVATOR’S
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orepin oct ety. GUIDE BOOK,

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"i of A hae re gage submitted, Sg
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1898, at 12 o'clock prompt. Open to members from Second Edition. In cloth, price 5/0, post free
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Price List containing full information
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One gentleman says consider
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All desirous of having the benefit
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M ESSRS. PROTHEROE & MORRIS
will SELL the above by AUCTION on the
premises, Walton Grange Gardens, Stone, Staffs.,
WEDNESDAY and THU RSDAY, Atay It and 12
at half-past Twelve o’clock each day.
Duplicate plants of the etter magnificent
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ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISUM GOLDEN
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An Illvstrated Catalogue, painted from nature, and

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Auction and Estate Offices, 67 and 68, Chearside,
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INSPECTION INVITED.

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CHOICE esi niaxs A SPECIALITY.
: Please write for List.
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EXOTIC NURSERIES,

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w AND RARE ORCHIDS.
J. W. MOORE,

ROHID IMPORTER & GROWER,

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NOTICE OF =
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Printed by R. W. Simpson & Co., Ltd., Richmond Press, Sheen Road, Richmond, Surrey.

oo

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RCHID REVIE

An Flustrated Monthly Journal, -

*

DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY.

_ Contents.
oe PAGE —
_Amateur’s Experiences... 103 | Manchester and North
Botanical Orchids at Kew Orchid Society
_ Calendar of Operations for June Nate oo Ly
Correspondence, &c. ... ve 192 ee ee ee
Dendrobium nobile variegated obit cc aoe Bee =
Eulophiella Elisabethz (Fig. 6)
ridist | c : Soin at ; we

ee ee

_ Odontoglossum_ x Adriane

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Vou. V1.| JUNE, 1898: LNo. 66.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James St., Westminster, during June, on the 14th and 28th respec-
tively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock
noon.

On the former occasion a lecture on ‘‘ Hybrid Orchids” will be given at
3 p-m., by Mr. James O’Brien, V.M.S.

Two meetings of the Manchester Orchid Society will also be held at the
Coal Exchange, Manchester, on the 16th and 30th. The Orchid Committee
meets at 12 o’clock, noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection from
1 until 4 o’clock. We regret an error that crept into our last month’s
announcement. A single meeting only was held, and that on the roth of
the month.

The Hon. Secretary of this Society is now Mr. Thos. Mills, 37, Cross
Street, Manchester, in succession to Mr. W. A. Gent.

We regret to learn that in consequence of the death of Hamar Bass,
Esq., and the consequent changes at Byrkley, Mr. James Hamilton, who
has presided over the establishment with such success, is under the necessity
of seeking another engagement. Mr. Hamilton’s abilities in the culture
of Orchids and every other branch of gardening are so well known that
his services ought not to remain long unsought for.

A very fine twin-flowered scape of Cypripedium or Paphiopedium
niveum is sent from the collection of H. Gurney Aggs, Esq., Pippbrook,
‘Dorking. The flowers are large, being over 24 inches across and the petals
over I inch broad, and they come equally large each year, and often two on

162 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

a spike. This form is sometimes called variety giganteum. Its difference
is not due to good culture, for a photograph of the ordinary form is
enclosed, a strong, healthy plant, bearing eight flowers, two being on
twin-flowered spikes, but all normal in size.

Several beautiful Dendrobiums are sent from the collection. of R.
Brooman White, Esq., of Arddarroch, N. B. It includes D. ‘nobile
nobilius, and a still finer, richly-coloured form, which has appeared as an
imported plant, and nearly rivals D. n. Hardyanum in size, the petals
being over thirteen lines broad, and the lip still larger. There is also a
verv fine D. Wardianum with three-flowered raceme; a seedling from D.
nobile crossed with D. signatum, which, of course, is D. x Wiganie ;
D. X Aspasia and D. X Dominyanum; a very promising, rosy seedling
from D. X splendidissimum grandiflorum and D. nobile nobilius, and two
or three other interesting forms.

Two good rose-coloured forms of Odontoglossum crispum are also
enclosed, one of them being very large, and bearing numerous small purple
spots and dots on the petals; also O. citrosmum, with its beautiful variety
roseum, and a nearly pure white form.

An exceptionally fine form of the beautiful Oncidium Phalzenopsis is
sent from the collection of Major Gen. C. B. Lucie-Smith, The Acacias,
Worthing. The flowers measure 2 inches across the broadest diameter, and
the lip is 1} inches wide. The spray sent bears four flowers, beautifully
marked with purple on the sepals, petals, and base of the lip, on a white
ground,

A remarkable flower of Cattleya intermedia composed only of two sepals,
two lips, and a straight column without any anther, is sent by Mrs. Barton,
of High Bickington, N. Devon. A similar flower from the collection of
E. Ashworth, Esq., is mentioned at page 189 of our last volume.

A very pretty form of Cattleya intermedia with the sepals, petals and side
lobes of the lip rose-pink is sent from the collection of Dr. Macbean, of
Lancaster. It is near to the original form of the species, figured at t. 2851
of the Botanical Magazine, but paler in colour. Two good forms of Lelia
purpurata are also enclosed.

A large and handsomely marked form of Odontoglossum Hallii comes
from the collection of H. Brittan Evans, Esq., of Clifton, together with a
pretty form of Bifrenaria Harrisoniz with white sepals and petals, and
Bifrenaria Hadwenii, which for some reason has only now flowered after five
years growing. _ |

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 163

We regret to learn that the valuable Orchids exhibited by M. Jules
Hye at the Temple Show have been lost. It appears that about 9 p.m. on
Friday evening, when exhibitors were packing up and removing their
collections, the plants were seen in the tent by the Society’s Superintendent
and by M. Hye’s assistant. The latter then left the tent, and on his
return about an hour later the plants’ were missing. Telegrams have
been sent to other exhibitors under the impression that they might have
been packed up by accident with some other collection, but without result,
and a reward has been offered for their recovery.

AN AMATEUR’S EXPERIENCES.
By Eustace F. CLarK, B.A., TEIGNMOUTH.

(Concluded from page 133).

On January roth, 1897, I made my first experiments in hybridization,
crossing Cypripedium x _ Sallieri and C. x Leeanum each with
pollen of C. venustum; C. venustum with pollen of C. x Sallieri;
and C. insigne with pollen of C. xX Leeanum. The last proved
a failure, but the pod of C. Xx Sallieri ripened, and the seed was
sown about the same time as some seed of C. xX Harrisianum xX C.
callosum (the cross of which was effected in February, 1897), which
ripened about the same time (October 24th, 1897), but I have as yet no
seedlings from either cross. The pod of C. venustum seems about ripe, and
that of C. x Leeanum likely soon to be so, but a peculiar growth seems to
be taking place at the base of the pod, similar to what might be produced
from the base of the plant. Possibly it means to flower again from the same
spike. A little Jadoo fibre in the compost may have had some effect in
creating growth from an unusual place. A pod of Cypripedium callosum
crossed with C. Boxalliion February 24th, 1897, ripened towards the end of
January, 1898.

Two pods of Odontoglossum Rossii on the same stalk crossed with
other Odontoglossums (I think O. maculatum and O. Pescatorei) have
appeared to ripen, bursting, one in December and the other in January last.
The first and largest pod appeared to contain only chaff, but the latter seems
more hopeful. Pods of O. Pescatorei from a cross made at the same time
are still unripened.

In April, 1897, after a winter without incident, I added several more
Cypripedium seedlings, including two specially promising ones, C. Chamber-
lainianum xX Spicerianum magnificum, and C. Spicerianum magnificum
x C. X Juno. Both have so far done well. I also purchased my first Lzelio-
cattleya seedling, Cattleya Mendelii X Lelia cinnabarina, This was

164 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

apparently making its first bulb, but was exceedingly healthy and strong.
It did remarkably well in 1897 (the small pot being plunged in moss), and
completed a good round bulb and a long leaf, about 3 inches long. It is
now engaged, in 1898, in making a splendid growth, that gives promise of
a much speedier development to the flowering stage than is often given.
Encouraged by this success, I recently acquired several more nice Cattleya or
Lelio-cattleya seedlings, all growing remarkably well. They include one
of Cattleya gigas X C. aurea, C. gigas X L. prestans, Lelia x Schilleriana
x L. cinnabarina, C. Percivaliana xX L. anceps, and others. These
seedlings are at present on a shelf near the glass.

Seedlings seem occasionally to come in the material round imported
plants. I found two such with Cypripedium insigne montanum, bought as
an imported plant in a dry state, and though quite small, with the longest
leaf measuring less than 1 inch, one has survived, and two more seedlings
have sprung up from the base of the same plant. I see also a seedling each
at the base of plants of C. villosum and C. Spicerianum. There are quite a
dozen seedlings (some mere globules, others with little bulbs and leaves) at
the base of an Odontoglossum bictoniense recently purchased from the
Woodall collection offered by Messrs. Charlesworth. It is possible, of
course, that these may be the result of some sowing on the pot, but I think
this improbable. They look as if they would become ultimately Odonto-
glossum bictoniense. |

During the summer of 1897 I took the opportunity of again putting cool
Orchids in a frame outdoors, the same tray, half filled with water, being
used as a basis for the inverted pots. The frame was placed near the Cool
house on the north side, and was sheltered by it, but I do not think it was
quite a light enough position at all times, as it only got the sun towards the
end of the day. I scarcely troubled to shade it at all under these
circumstances, and it was almost constantly open on one side or the other.
The water under the pots seems largely to counteract the effects of any
dryness in the air or too strong sun, and the plants seem to become quite
hardened. Two plants that showed the most marked improvement when
put out were Miltonia vexillaria and Odontoglossum Harryanum, both
flowering beautifully soon after. The last-named seems most powerfully
scented, but I have never seen this commented on. My plant was once a
poor undeveloped thing, thrown in as an extra, but has improved vastly,
and this summer outing is evidently the receipt for this.

_ I put out also a Lycaste aromatica, which showed a great tendency to
make large brown blotches on the leaves, and to be going wrong after
flowering. After I had cut the diseased parts of the leaf away and had put
- the plant in the frame, this bad tendency was entirely checked. Apparently
all the plant wanted was fresh air. My Masdevallias were, some of them,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 165

badly attacked by thrips. On being treated for this and put in the frame
they certainly showed some improvement. It is evidently the place also for
Disa grandiflora. :

As to intermediate plants, I did not care to try many of them even in
hot weather in the frame, especially as it got so little sun, but I frequently
availed myself of a small shower of rain to put various Cattleyas, Leelias,
and even Cypripediums, not excepting C. niveum and C. bellatulum, out in
it, but I usually took care to wipe the leaves of such delicate plants when I
brought them in after heavy rain. This, as a rule, seemed to do good, and
I feel disposed sometime to start a frame facing south or east for the
summer accommodation of plants requiring more sun than ordinary cool
Orchids and yet plenty of fresh air. Cattleya Mossiz unquestionably
benefited by this occasional putting out, also C. Triane, but C. labiata
seems more delicate.

Alterations in my heating arrangements made it advisable for me, towards
the end of the autumn, to put all my intermediate Orchids temporarily into
my conservatory. Fortunately the weather was kind, and the change, far
from doing harm, did, I believe, much good. The Cattleyas and Lelias
were arranged near the glass side facing south, and I believe this tended to
thoroughly ripen their bulbs, those made by Cattleya Triane, a small
C. Mossiz, and C. Mendelii being rather round and stout, and like native-
made bulbs rather than the spindly ones often made here.

This has been an exceptionally mild winter, with scarcely any frost. In
fact, on February rgth I have Salvia Heerii blooming profusely in the open
garden, also a Chinese primula that has been blooming on my rockery all

‘the winter, and Plumbago capensis and other tender things are quite
uninjured. It will be interesting to see the effect on the growth of Orchids.
I have Dendrobium nobile growths already about half as long as the old
bulbs. It will be interesting also to continue experiments in treating
Orchids more in accordance with natural conditions during the coming
summer.

I may add that I have during the past autumn made further experiments
in hybridization. I have pods that appear to be well formed and likely to
ripen properly in their season of—

Cattleya labiata X Epidendrum osmanthum (Capartianum.)

Cattleya Dormaniana x C. labiata and X Lelia Dayana.

Epidendrum ciliare X Lzlia anceps and X Sophronitis grandiflora.

Lelia anceps X L. albida and X L. autumnalis.

Cattleya Bowringiana X Cattleya Dormaniana.

— The attempt to cross a flower of Lelia anceps with Epidendrum ciliare,
and E. osmanthum with C. Dormaniana and L. Dayana failed.

(We have followed this article with the greatest interest, and from

166 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

allusions made to it in the letters of some of our esteemed correspondents
we know that others have derived both plecsure and instruction from its
perusal. It has described the formation of an amateur’s collection, step by
step, in a way that has reminded some of those who are no longer beginners
in Orchid culture of their early days; it has afforded encouragement to
others who may have felt a little disappointment in comparing the results
of their efforts with those obtained by some of our veteran growers, who
have unlimited resources at their command; and it has shown what a
delightful hobby is within the reach of those in search of some relaxation
from the cares of business, and who are able to secure the necessary amount
of attention for their plants. We shall be only too pleased if Mr. Clark is
able on some future occasion to send us other interesting notes.—ED. |

BOTANICAL ORCHIDS AT KEW.

The Kew collection is always very interesting, for besides the familiar
showy species, which are very well represented, it possesses a large number
of botanical species, and it is surprising what a constant succession there is
among this class of Orchids, many of which are very attractive little plants,
which would lend additional interest to any collection.

Among the Warm house species we note that Bulbophyllum is now
represented by B. gibbosum, a native of Java, and B. recurvum, a small
West African species, and Cirrhopetulum by the remarkable C. robustum, a
New Guinea species, which possesses a very strong though not very agreeable
odour. Oberonia myosurus, a native of Burma, is remarkable for its terete
leaves. Gongora bufonia is another remarkable plant, which is very seldom
seen in collections. Aspasia principissa is a striking Central American
species that is now seldom met with.

In the Cool house we find the pretty and free-blooming Saccolabium
gemmatum, an Indian species with terete leaves and white and purpie
flowers. Maxillarias are represented by M. arachnites, a Columbian species
with yellowish flowers, M. iridifolia, whose foliage is described by its
name, M. prestans from Guatemala, and the very charming M. sanguinea.
There is also the curious and very free-flowering Hexadesmia fusiformis.
Pleurothallis is represented by several free-flowering species; P. rotundifolia
and unistrata are two pretty little plants, and P. semipellucida is very
graceful, bearing not less than twelve fine racemes. P. mutabunda and
_platyrachis are both remarkable, and will be in bloom in a week or so.
Epidendrum is represented by several species, amongst which E.
_ armeniacum, a Brazilian plant with dense spikes of small brownish flowers,
especially attracted our attention. Pholidota is also represented by P.

__ articulata and Griffithii, both having small white flowers. They are natives

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 167

of India, and are easy to cultivate. Polystachya pubescens and P. bracteosa
are two African species worthy of mention. The former has deep yellow
flowers, remaining in excellent condition for over two months, and the
latter has curious depressed pseudobulbs and branched racemes of greenish
flowers. Disperus secunda and capensis, belonging to the South African
Flora, are both very remarkable in structure.

Several other interesting species are in flower or bud, and will doubtless

afford mattter for future notes.
ODONTO.

LAELIO-CATTLEYA x ELEGANS & L.-C. x SCHILLERIANA.

THESE two very variable but quite distinct natural hybrids are still much
confused in cultivation, though in some collections their differences are now
correctly understood. Several incorrectly named plants have recently come
under my notice, and the following note is penned with the hope of reducing
the amount of confusion between them.

There are three well known and handsome species of Orchids which
grow together in the Santa Catherina district, in South Brazil, namely
Lelia purpurata, Cattleya intermedia and C. Leopoldi, which evidently
intercross very readily, for all the three possible combinations between them
are known, as follows :—

1. Lelia purpurata xX Cattleya intermedia (or the reverse cross) yields —
Lelio-cattleya X Schilleriana.

2. Lelia purpurata X Cattleya Leopoldi (or the reverse cross) yields
Lzlio-cattleya X elegans.

3. Cattleya intermedia X C. Leopoldi (or the reverse cross) yields
Cattleya X intricata.

Lzlio-cattleya X Schilleriana is often known in gardens as L.-c. X
elegans alba or white elegans, but, as just pointed out, it is a quite distinct
hybrid and should receive its proper name. The sepals and petals are
generally white or blush because both the parent species have this character.

Lzlia-cattleya x elegans is properly limited to what is sometimes
called the Turneri section to distinguish it from those mentioned in the
preceding group. The darker colour and generally broader petals are due
to similar characters in the C. Leopoldi parent.

Both the preceding hybrids are very variable, and have received
numerous names, which points have already been treated in detail in this
work (vol. i, pp. 235-238).

Cattleya X imtricata is less common than either of the preceding
hybrids, and is nearly intermediate between C. intermedia and C. Leopoldi,
generally approaching the former in having rather narrow petals, and the
latter in being spotted, a character which extends also to the sepals.

168 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

These details have been worked out by careful comparison of the plants
in question, but it would be very interesting if someone would demonstrate
their origin by direct experiment.

Since writing the preceding, information has come to hand of L.-c.
Xx Schilleriana having been raised artificially. Six years ago Messrs.
Charlesworth and Co., Heaton, Bradford, crossed Lelia purpurata with
the pollen of Cattleya intermedia, and now a plant has flowered, and
proves precisely identical with the wild plant. It was exhibited at the
Temple Show, and afterwards went to the one at Manchester. The
circumstance is very interesting, and places the origin of this beautiful
natural hybrid beyond the reach of further dispute.

R.A. RK.

THE HYBRIDIST.

PAPHIOPEDIUM ™X ROWENA.

WE have now another very interesting and beautiful hybrid from Paphio-
pedium Chamberlainianum to record, in this case P. bellatulum being the
pollen parent. It has just bloomed in the collection of R. H. Measures, Esq.,
The Woodlands, Streatham, and Mr. Measures, in a note accompanying the
flower, remarks that it is his first Chamberlainianum cross. While retaining
much of the character of the latter, the shape of the flower is much more
like the pollen parent, having the general shape, the broad, flat petals, and
the short lip, all, however, being raodified in various details. The inflor-
escence is very short, but there are two additional bracts, much resembling
those of P. Chamberlainianum, which show that additional flowers might
have been expected had their development not been arrested by being cut.
The dorsal sepal is broadly ovate-orbicular, over 14 inches long by 1} inches
broad, the base deep purple-brown, with about 13 similar bands extending
into the cream-yellow upper part ; the petals 2 inches long by 1 inch broad,
closely lined with rows of purple-brown spots on a ground colour which is
cream-yellow towards the apex, but suffused with light purple elsewhere ;
the lip densely marbled and spotted with purple, and the staminode deep
blackish purple, and ovate-orbicular in shape. _It is a very striking thing,
and we shall hope to see it again when its character is fully developed.

PAPHIOPEDIUM X CHAMBER-LEEANUM.

_In the establishment of M. Ed. Pynaert van Geert, of Ghent, we recently
saw a distinct and pretty hybrid, raised from P. Chamberlainianum and P.
x Leeanum, to which a name had been given indicating its origin and
parentage. It was fairly intermediate in character, though rather inclining
towards P. Chamberlainianum in the flower. The ground colour is

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 169

yellowish-green marked with purple-brown, and a white apex to the dorsal
sepal. It is most comparable with P. x Deedmanianum (P. Spicerianum
? X Chamberlainianum ¢), but in the present one the influence of P.
insigne, coming through P. x Leeanum, is also apparent. It appears to
have a very good constitution, and will probably develop into a handsome
thing.

EPIDENDRUM XX _ PHaBus.

A raceme of a brilliantly-coloured Epidendrum has been sent from the
establishment of Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, which owes its descent to
the intercrossing of E. vitellinum @ and E. x O’Brienianum ¢g. Mr.
Seden states that in habit it much resembles the latter, except that the
growths are much shorter. The flowers are also much like this parent in
shape, though a little larger, but the colour is brilliant cinnabar-orange,
much approaching that of the seed parent. A peculiarity which it possesses
is that in every case the petals are united to the sides of the column, which
was probably the case in E. X radico-vitellinum, where they were noted as
absent. In any case, it is a curious coincidence that both the hybrids from
E. vitellinum should present this character.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X INTERMEDIO-FLAVA.

This is a pretty little hybrid, raised by M. Ch. Maron, of Brunoy, Paris,
from Cattleya intermedia ? and Lelia flava 3, of which a flower has now
reached us from Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford. It is
fairly intermediate in habit between the two parents, and bears racemes of
several light yellow flowers, about twice as large as those of the Lzlia parent,
the lip being three-lobed, with the front lobe dull rose-purple, and a broad
line of the latter colour extending down the centre of the disc. One or two
of the seedlings had larger flowers than the rest, of a very deep shade of
canary-yellow, and have been distinguished under the varietal name of
Golden Queen. One of these was exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth at the
Temple Show, and received an Award of Merit.

EPILZLIA X CHARLESWORTHII.

This is another most interesting hybrid, of which a good plant was
exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., at the Temple Show. It was
derived from Lelia cinnabarina @ and Epidendrum radicans ¢, and
resembles a dwarfed edition of the latter in general habit, and the root-
bearing character of the stems. The flowers measure 1j inches across their
broadest diameter, are borne in short racemes, and have all the brilliancy
of colour of the pollen parent as well as its shape, though all the segments,
including the lip, are much more elongated. _The plant is also marked by

170 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

its free-growth, and is not only interesting on its own account, but also as a
probable factor in the production of some still finer secondary hybrids. It
is curious that both this and the now well-known Epiphronitis x Veitchil
should have taken entirely the character of the pollen parent so far as the
shape of the flower and the adnate column are concerned.

ODONTOGLOSSUM X_ CRISPO-HARRYANUM.

A flower of this most interesting and beautiful hybrid, which received a
First-class Certificate at the Temple Show, has been sent by M. Ch.
Vuylsteke, of Loochristi, Ghent, who raised it from O. crispum and O.
Harryanum $. The sepals and petals are narrower and more acuminate than
in the latter, and the dark markings are reduced by about one-half; in this
respect recalling some forms of O. luteopurpureum. The lip closely
resembles that of O. Harryanum, chiefly differing in having the dark basal
part a little more broken up by yellow, and in the filaments of the crest
being slightly reduced in size. M. Vuylsteke must be congratulated on his
success with this genus, for his beautiful O. x loochristiense was described
at page 41, and now we have a second great acquisition to record.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JUNE.
By H. A. BURBERRY, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

THE temperatures for the East Indian and Intermediate house Orchids for
this month should be maintained as advised for last, allowing, of course,
for a rise of a few degrees of extra warmth corresponding ‘to the increased
warmth outside. Now is the time of the year when the plants will grow if
only given rational treatment. If the little matters of ventilation, shading,
watering, damping, and keeping free from insect pests are attended to with
a reasonable amount of common sense and regularity, then headway and
good healthy growth will surely follow in its train. But if the plants are
denied due attention in these respects during the following few months,
then, as can only be expected, the best of the season will slip past without
leaving its stamp of health and vigour behind.

A gardener, who is justly proud of his small but wonderfully well-
cultivated collection of Orchids, gave me the other day what he considered
were the four chief factors in the successful culture of Orchids (warm
and intermediate Orchids). They are these: Sun, air, warmth, and
moisture. His Orchids are never shaded from the sun’s rays. Air is
supplied very freely on all favourable opportunities. By ‘‘ warmth” he
_ referred principally to sun heat, not fire heat, and by “ moisture ” he means

_ that the plants should be kept wet not only at the roots, but occasionally

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 171

syringed overhead daily during the growing season. No doubt whatever
that his method of treatment suited his own plants, for they were with but
few exceptions in exceptionally robust and rude health. His ideas are right;
they cannot be questioned. But I may point out one fact of some little
importance when one talks about treating his Orchids without exception to
species, or genus, to the full glaring rays of a powerful summer’s sun
through the glass. It is this ; on looking round I noticed that there were a
good many tall trees in the immediate vicinity, and his Orchid houses
stood well beneath their shadows, therefore it was not surprising that no
shading was employed. None was necessary evidently, and if used under
the circumstances would certainly do more harm than good. We all know,
when a house is partially shaded by a neighbouring tree, how cool and
delightfully refreshing the temperature therein seems on an oppressively hot
summer’s day. And that, if one half of the structure is so shaded, the
other half may be fully exposed to the sun, but no burning or scorching of
the foliage will accrue because the one condition counterbalances the other
to a nicety; and this, together with the air and moisture distributed,
ensures healthy and invigorating conditions as the natural result. However,
I must still continue to advise the shading of Orchids by some material or
other when in exposed positions; but I advise also that such shading
should be removed as early in the afternoon as the circumstances may
admit, so that the plants may enjoy the syringe, the sun, and the air at one
and the same time, for longer or shorter periods during the afternoon or
evening, before the top air is taken off for the night. From this system
of treatment weakly plants will derive much benefit, whilst strong specimens
will become stronger still. My friend also keeps his plants in a continually
wet condition at the roots. The majority of his plants seem to revel in it,
but it must not be concluded therefrom that it is the correct thing to do. In
such cases it often becomes a matter of the survival of the fittest. Yet
when one sees a sight like this, where almost every plant, whether it be a
Dendrobe, a Vanda, a Cypripedium, an Odontoglossum, an Oncidium, or
any other species, growing vigorously and seemingly to be perfectly happy,
treated as if it were half aquatic, it sets him thinking, and he begins to
wonder whether Orchids are not sometimes too carefully treated in the way
of water, and consequently somewhat starved—during their time of growth
especially.

A casual visitor must not, however, jump at conclusions, and be induced
to alter his own methods of culture too completely in one item, without
going into the matter as fully as he possibly can, and inquiring into the
why and wherefore. For instance, I have pointed out that my friend’s
houses are never shaded, although doubtless they do receive a considerable
amount of bright sunshine. He then gives air abundantly to prevent

172 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

burning or scorching, under which condition it becomes absolutely essential
to give copious waterings. The one condition necessitates the other, and
when all are duly and properly attended to they harmonize, and work
perfectly and satisfactorily.

The Cool Orchid house must, of course, be kept as cool as possible ;
our climate chops and changes about in such a remarkable way, however,
that it becomes difficult for one to lay down hard and fast rules for guidance.
See what weather we had in May! Why, it was as cold then as it was at
Christmas. When one says as ‘‘ cool as possible,’’ he supposes, of course,
that the weather will resemble in some degree that of summer. Doubtless
there were many days and nights last month when a little fire heat, even in
the Cool house, was beneficial, because then more air could be supplied, for
Cool Orchids abhor a stuffy admosphere. See that the night air is
admitted freely to them during the summer.

Auguloas have now just passed out of bloom, and are making robust
growth. I advised the repotting of these where necessary when the new
growths were just pushing up about two months ago. It is too late to
disturb them now. The growth is too far advanced. Let them be placed
in a light position in the Cool house, and given a liberal supply of water at
the roots until growth is finished.

Odontoglossum crispum and allied varieties should always be attended
to in accordance to their stage of growth. Keep them well under review,
and repot any that have got in a bad state at the roots just as the new
growth commences to break away from the base. Give them a light
position on the stage, and keep them pretty well supplied with water during
the summer months. Nothing is much easier to grow and keep in good
health than Odontoglossums when a start is made with healthy plants,
sufficient air is given, and they are kept perfectly free from insect pests, such
as thrips and aphis. When O. crispum becomes weekly in health it is not
always an easy task to restore it to vigorous growth again. It may take
years of anxious and careful treatment. Frequently debilitated plants will
start new breaks in abundance, starting to grow from almost every bulb.
This must be taken for nothing but an undesirable sign, and unless all
growths, with the exception of the leading one, are removed on their
appearance, the ruin of the plant is not far ahead. Death of the old
pseudobulbs, and the formation of a number of tiny useless ones, is the
result.

Cochlioda Noetzliana is a pretty thing, as also are C. rosea, C.
sanguinea, and C. vulcanica. They all require identical treatment to the
coo. Odontoglostums, excepting, perhaps, that as they are rather smaller

growing plants, they will have a better chance of receiving their full share
of light and air, if grown in baskets or pans and suspended from the roof.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 173

I also like to repot these species in mostly all peat, pressed in firmly,
mixing therewith a liberal quantity of sand. Thus potted, the roots being
of a more fine and fibrous nature, last longer in a good healthy and sweet
condition, which is very important with fine, or small rooting species, for
they are invariably averse to root disturbances.

A similar material I prefer for the Lycastes, the roots of which are of
a wiry and half-terrestrial nature, requiring only to be left alone. For
these I use but very little sphagnum moss indeed, preferring good lumpy
peat, not necessarily of the best fibrous nature, and rather less drainage
than is generally used for most other Orchids. In fact for such species as
L. Skinneri, L. gigantea, and L. Deppei, a little fibrous loam may be mixed
in with advantage. And then, if watered with judicious care, root
disturbance for purposes of repotting is required only at long intervals.

I have previously recommended February as the best month of the year
for the necessary repotting of the genus Masdevallia. Those plants that
were then done will now be nicely re-established with new roots, and will
make great progress during the summer. Any that require repotting, which
were not done then may be done now, but delayed no longer. They soon
recover from the effects of root disturbance, and are better if not allowed
to go too long before being potted in new compost; from two to three years
should be the limit. Two parts of good lumpy peat to one of sphagnum moss
is a good compost. They are not so particular as to the extra-fibrous quality
of the peat as are some Orchids, such, for instance, as Cattleyas, Lzelias,
and Dendrobiums. Give Masdevallias a position on the stage in the Cool
house, and keep them pretty well supplied with water at the root from now
henceforth, but avoid excessive watering, as this often results in the foliage
turning black. The small dwarf growing kinds are best grown in pans and
suspended.

The great Orchid show of the season will now soon be over. The
charm of Orchid growing is that there is always something in flower, no
matter the time of the year, or whether the collection be small or large ;
there is always something of interest to see. But at no time can we excel
the gorgeous and beautiful show the months of May and June present us
with. We prize and admire that show; and arrange the plants in a telling
and artistic manner, and such is our desire to maintain it as large, and for
as lengthy a period as possible, that we sometimes allow small weakly
plants to bloom which should not do so, and to allow the flowers to remain
on others after the plants are actually showing evident signs of distress. I
need not-say that the above practices are the reverse of good. The grower
must look forward for a show another year, and must therefore not over~
burden his plants.

After the flowers are cut no time must be lost in again giving them their

174 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

growing quarters. In the case of the Cattleyas, top dressed, or repotted, as
the case may demand, and again placed along side of those species
previously done, and which are now growing and rooting freely, and
requiring nothing more than to be left alone, revelling in warmth, light, and
moisture, until growth is completed. Regarding the Lelias, of which
L. purpurata and L. tenebrosa are conspicuous, the same words may be
used. Likewise the Dendrobiums, a few of which flower at this season,
giving a great effect by lending lightness and grace, and forming a contrast
as it were to the more heavy flowers of Cattleyas and Lelias. I refer to
such species as D. crystallinum, D. Bensonz, D. transparens, D. Boxallu,
D. thrysiflorum, and D. suavissimum.

Miltonia vexillaria will now be passing out of flower, and must also have
immediate attention in cultural matters, delay being dangerous to this
species. I think I previously mentioned February as a very good time for
repotting. Another time is immediately after flowering, which is now.
Like most other Miltonias, they are continually growing, therefore a rest
in the strict sense of the word is neither required nor desirable. They
must at all times, however, be watered rather moderately, a soddened state
at the root being particularly distasteful to the whole genus, frequently
causing the foliage to decay at the apex and black spots to appear.
Miltonias, I think all excepting M. Roezlii, do fairly well ina Cool Orchid
house, but are better in the long run if occupying intermediate temperature,
where the last-named also succeeds. They are all fond of light positions,
and should be placed in such on the stage, or grown in pans and suspended.
Yellow thrip is a great enemy, and if the pest cannot be dislodged by
fumigation, tobacco powder should be dusted down the axils of the
leaves.

Chysis bractescens is a noble Orchid when its flowers are produced in
large trusses, which is the case only when the pseudobulbs are large them-
selves. It is an easy species to succeed with when newly imported, but,
like some few others, will deteriorate if not given a treatment meeting its
requirements in a reasonable degree. It will do well and last for a longer
or shorter period treated as an intermediate Orchid, but does far better
eventually if grown with the Dendrobiums when making its growth, and
resting with them afterwards. It is best accommodated in baskets, and
delights in a liberal supply of water when growing.

Czlogyne Dayana having flowered may be shifted into larger baskets or
pans. This beautiful garland Orchid is always greatly admired, its long
drooping racemes adding variation to the already long list of Orchids that
bloom in May and June. It is not a difficult Orchid to cultivate, and may
be treated either as an intermediate or stove plant. It delights in liberal
_ waterings when growing, and comparative drought when resting.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 175
ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

JUNE will again bring us to our summer period, which is always so well
advertised by the beautiful month of May, and this has again disappeared,
taking with it the last souvenir of awakening spring. Indoors as well as
outside everything seems to be favoured by the bright sun, and Orchids as
well as our garden plants seem to be making headway, and have taken again
their pleasant dress.

In the Orchid houses the work has extensively increased by the required
treatment of our favourites, which have already recovered the effects of the
late winter, but June will not bring us such a large display of flowers as the
two previous months. However, in a general collection it is still a gaily
decorated period, for numerous species remain in flower from four to five
weeks.

In the Cool house many plants are still in bloom. Sobralias and
Cymbidiums contain some really excellent species, and various Oncidiums
and Miltonias will remain in flower for the forthcoming month, together
with the well-known Cattleya citrina, now showing its last beautiful and
scented flowers.

The Intermediate department is again gaily decorated by the showy
Cattleya Mossiz, Gaskelliana, and a few late Mendelii and Warneri, also
the dwarf C. Aclandiz. A few Epidendrums and Maxillarias are also in full
bloom, together with the old but always showy Lelia purpurata.

The Warm house also remains fairly well adorned with the late
Dendrobiums, Devonianum, Pierardi, and the tall Dalhousieanum.
Cypripediums are also forming a fine display, and the sweet-scented
Diacrium bicornutum, which always remains in flower for six or eight weeks
if kept on the dry side, and is accordingly valuable.

If we once again take our monthly glance round our houses we shall
certainly notice a few more interesting summer-blooming plants sending
forth their spikes, but it is surprising to notice how much less productive are
the summer months compared with the preceding ones in the number of our
favourites in bloom. Among Cool house plants, a few are still sending forth
their spikes, and will open during the course of the month. How distinct is
the rare and pretty Chondrorhyncha Chestertoni, which, when well grown,
flowers twice a year. Very interesting are some of the cool Cypripediums,
chiefly C. Calceolus, pubescens and spectabile, which of course can be grown
very freely outside. Disas will soon be in season, for they are now pushing
their long spikes. D. grandiflora is no doubt the largest flowering species.
Some of the hybrids are very valuable for decorative purposes, but D. x
kewensis is certainly the best, though D. x Premier, D. x langleyensis
and D. x Veitchii are all remarkable hybrids. Amongst natural species

176 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

D. racemosa and tripetaloides, belonging to the Cape Flora, are showing
for flower. A few Masdevallias are pushing up their flowers, as M. Chimera,
severa, X Hincksiana and maculata. Very peculiar is the sensitive M.
muscosa, with its small greenish flowers, which possess the faculty of closing
up their lips on being touched. This species is a free-growing one when
treated in the Cool department. A few spikes of Odontoglossum can still
be seen, and O. hastilabium, cristatellum, Lindleyanum, and many other
varieties are opening their flowers. The beautiful Sobralia xantholeuca,
which forms such a contrast with S. macrantha, must also not be omitted.

In the Intermediate house several things are also promising. The very
showy Cattleya Warscewiczii (gigas) is now pushing its flowers in the
sheath, also Lelia crispa, grandis, and tenebrosa. Lelio-cattleya X
Schilleriana is now very fine. The free-growing Dendrobium clavatum is
showing its fine racemes on the top of the bulbs. Several Epidendrums are
also to be mentioned, as E. alatum, conopseum, Candollei, Hanburii, and
nemorale, which will soon flower. E.’variegatum and vittellinum majus
are now in full bloom. Habenaria decipiens and tetrapetala are opening.
Among Lycastes a few varieties are still flowering, as L. Barringtonie,
Deppei, and leucantha, also several Maxillarias. Oncidiums will be
represented by O. pumilum, sphacelatum, Marshallianum, and crispum,
and before leaving the house we must once again mention the beautiful
Calanthe X Dominii, a hybrid which certainly gives a great deal of honour
to Dominy’s work.

In the Warm house the display is not great, though a few plants are
still pushing up their spikes, amongst which we shall have to mention the
showy Aérides roseum, radicosum, and virens. Vanda suavis and tricolor
are also very fine. Several other plants are beginning to appear, as
Brassavola Perrinii, Brassia verrucosa, and the curious Diacrium indivisum,
which is now open. Cypripediums are at present forming a grand display,
and numerous are the species in flower. C. bellatulum and niveum are
really very fine, C. Rothschildianum, Parishii, superbiens, Dayanum,
Curtisii, Victoriz-Mariz and the allied C. Chamberlainianum, are all in full
bloom, and C. x Ashburtonz is showing its buds. A few more Dendrobiums
are flowering, viz., D. herbaceum, Maccarthie and cretaceum, also the
free-blooming Galeandra Batemanni and the showy Grammangis Ellisii,
which are quite rare in collections. Several Phaiuses are now in full
bloom, and several Epidendrums ought to be mentioned, as the quite distinct
E. Parkinsonianum, and the two closely-allied and very fragrant E. Hartii
and subpurum. Very rich in colour are the flowers of the dwarf Sobralia
Lowii, and no doubt, if crossed with S. xantholeuca or decora, the result
would be good.
ee Oponto,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 177

EULOPHIELLA ELISABETH.
THE accompanying illustration represents a fine specimen of Eulophiella
Elisabethe which flowered at Kew during the present spring, reproduced
from a photograph taken by Mr. A. Griessen, now in charge of the Orchid
department there. It is one of the best examples of the species which we

ULOPHIELLA ELISABETH.

F
-

6.

Fic.

have seen, the leaves and flower spikes being very luxuriant, and the
photograph had to be taken on a very reduced scale. The history of this
Orchid will be too fresh in the minds of our readers to need repetition, as
it has already been fully detailed in these pages, but we may add that the
plant proves to have an excellent constitution, and only requires a good

178 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

position in the warmest house, moderate shading, and a liberal supply of
water when actively growing, in order to ensure success, with it. The
recently-introduced E. Peetersiana promises to be a still greater horticul-
tural acquistion.

DENDROBIUM NOBILE, VARIEGATED,

AN interesting variety of Dendrobium nobile with variegated leaves is
recorded in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for May 14th last (p. 299), by
‘Mr. G. Ringham, gardener at Wrotham Park, Barnet. It is said to have
originated on a plant bought five years ago from the Liverpool Horticultural
Co. As soon as growth commenced a small variegated shoot was observed
in the centre of the plant, which ultimately matured into a pseudobulb four
inches long. It gradually increased in size until last year’s bulbs were
fourteen inches long. This spring the variegated portion was separated for
the first time, and placed in a small basket, and the leaves still retain their
variegated character—some creamy-white longitudinal stripes among the
green—but it has not yet flowered. A week later (p. 316) another example
was recorded, by Mr. J. Farquharson, The Gardens, West Denton,
Scotswood-on-Tyne, the variegation being described as very similar to that
of Draczena Lindeni. It is described as a small plant, which was removed
from a very large one, in a twelve inch pot, that has been in the establish-
ment for a period much longer than five years, and is just the ordinary
type of D. nobile. When the variegation was first observed is not stated.
These examples are certainly interesting.

ORCHIDS AT TWICKENHAM.

WE have several times had occasion to mention the collection of H. Little,
Esq., The Barons, East Twickenham, which contains many very fine
Orchids. At the present time Vanda teres is making a fine show, the
plants being placed at one end of a warm house where they get plenty of
sun without any attempt at shading, which treatment suits them precisely.
One small plant is bearing a curious flower, without the characteristic twist
in the petals, but as it is not much over half the normal size, and the disc of
the lip is very pale in colour, the peculiarity may arise from its not being
properly developed. Cattleyas were making a brilliant display, C.
Schilleriana, C. Lawrenceana with seven flowers, and the nearly white C.
Schroederz albens, being very beautiful. A superb form of Lelio-cattleya
x Schilleriana, and Lelia purpurata with exceptionally large-lip, were also

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 179

conspicuous. Numerous Cypripediums were in flower, including C. Exul
in variety, one flower having the lower sepal variegated with white and
yellow, the rare C. Druryi, and C. X Littleanum, the fine natural hybrid
from C. Lawrenceanum and C. Dayanum, figured at page 209 of our third
volume, and it may be remarked that the characteristic hairs of the latter
were specially well'developed on this occasion, so long in fact as to remove
the last doubt of this species being the other parent. Dendrobium
primulinum giganteum was specially fine, one flower measuring 1% inches
across the lip, a circumstance altogether exceptional. Several good D.
thyrsiflorum, a well bloomed Ansellia gigantea, Leptotes bicolor with half-a-
dozen good flowers, and a dozen plants of Cymbidium Lowianum must also
be mentioned, as reflecting great credit on Mr. Howard’s management of the
collection.

HYBRID ODONTOGLOSSUMS.
(Continued from vol. iii, p. 329).

ODONTOGLOssUM X ADRIAN&.—An additional hybrid must now be added
to those from the Bogota district. Odontoglossum Hunnewellianum was
originally described as coming from the Bogota district, and now evidence
comes to hand that it grows intermixed with O. crispum. Some time ago
I saw plants of it which were said to have appeared in an importation of
O. crispum, and more recently several examples have flowered which are
so precisely intermediate between the two species as to leave no doubt
that they are natural hybrids derived from this parentage. The first which
I know of flowered in the establishment of Messrs. L. Linden & Co., at
Moortebeek, last season, and was described and figured under the name of O.
x Adriane (L. Lind. in Sem. Hort., i, p. 150; Lindenia, xiii, p. 31, t. 590).
Then plants flowered in the collection of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton
Grange, Stone, and R. G. Fletcher, Esq., of Withdeane, Brighton. I also
saw examples at Moortebeek last month, and at the Temple Show in the
collections of Messrs. Linden (three or four plants), Sander, and M. A.
Madoux. These I have seen, besides which I have heard of two or three
other plants, most of them having flowered among O. crispum, possibly, I
would suggest, from a different locality, otherwise the hybrid would
probably have been noticed before.
The different plants vary somewhat in size, shape, and markings, as
hybrids generally do, but all combine the characters of the two parents.
The sepals and petals are broad, and light yellow in colour, often whitish
towards the centre, and bear numerous red-brown spots, those on the sepals
being more or less confluent into larger blotches. The lip is also broad and

180 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

undulate, often most resembling O. Hunnewellianum in shape, the ground
colour nearly white with numerous red-brown spots, in some cases
margined with a row of minute spots, especially towards the base. The
crest and column wings are fairly intermediate in shape, though the latter
are sometimes nearly as entire as in O. Hunnewellianum, and at others
more toothed as in O.crispum. It is certainly a very handsome hybrid,
and its sudden appearance in quantity is very curious. Messrs. Linden
write that they received both the parent species and the hybrids all in
the same importation.

In a note at page 5 of this volume it was called a hybrid ‘raised by
Messrs. Linden, between O. crispum and O. Hunnewellianum, the former
presumably the seed parent,” which it now appears is a mistake, for the
plant is a natural hybrid. In the Lindenia description, however, the
remarks occur :—‘‘ Ce bel hybride est issu d’O. crispum et de l’O. Hunne-
wellianum ... Le produit de ce croisement a fort heureusement combiné
les charactéres des deux parents... L’O. x Adriane a fleuri pour la
premiere fois au printemps de cette année,”’ which would easily lead one to
infer that it had been raised artificially. If it had been clearly stated that
the plant was an imported one, but evidently a natural hybrid between O.
crispum and O. Hunnewellianum, no such mistake could have occurred.
It is a matter of great importance that we should carefully distinguish

between natural hybrids and those raised in gardens.
R. A. ROLFE.
(To be continued.)

ORCHIDS AT THE MANCHESTER ROYAL BOTANICAL
GARDENS.

THE great Whit-week Show at these well-known Gardens, opened on
Friday, May 27th, and was quite up to its usual standard, notwithstanding
the competition of the Temple Show in London. Orchids were particularly
well represented, and there were several splendid groups from exhibitors
who rarely, if ever, go southwards, which were quite up to the standard of
the Temple exhibits as far as diversity, value, and good cultivation went.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook),
obtained the First Prize of £20 for a fine group, in which were a fine lot of
Cattleya Schroeder varieties, C. Mossie, C. Mendelii, Lelia purpurata,
Odontoglossum cirrhosum Klabochorum, O. crispum Lindeni, Miltonia
vexillaria, Cypripedium niveum, Cattleya intermedia alba, and Dendrobium
Victoria-Reginz with violet and white flowers, and others.

In the same class, A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden (gr.
Mr. Lofthouse), gained the Second Prize (£12), with a similiar group, but

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 181

with not so many novelties. The plants were, however, well grown and the
Cattleyas were very fine. C. Mendelii Duchess of York, with fine white
sepals and petals and a deep purple-throated lip, obtained an Award of Merit,
as did also L. purpurata Brysiana, with deep-flaked purple petals, and C.
Mossiz Prince of Wales. The feature of the group, however, was Odonto-
glossum crispum Moortebeekiense, which obtained a First-class Certificate,
and was valued at £400. The flower was pure white with large chocolate-
purple blotches. A small plant of Dendrobium x Nestor, with deep purple
flowers and a very hairy lip, was in the group.

For the best miscellaneous collection of Orchids among nurserymen,
Mr. James Cypher, of Cheltenham, obtained the First Prize (£10) for a
beautiful set up group, in which were some fine Odontoglossum crispum,
Cattleya Skinneri, Lelia purpurata, Thunia alba, Oncidium Papilio, O.
cucullatum, and O. sphacelatum with several densely clothed branched
spikes of yellow and chocolate blooms.

Mr. John Robson, of Altrincham, was awarded the Second Prize (£5) in
the same class, his plants of Cattleya Mossia, C. Mendelii, C. Schilleriana,
Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, Cypripediulum bellatulum and Lelia purpurata,
being all strong and well grown.

Messrs. Heath & Son, Cheltenham, obtained the Third Prize. Lelia
purpurata predominated in this group, and was very effective with its white
and purple flowers. Other plants were Phalaenopsis amabilis, Cymbidium
Lowianum, Pholidota conchoidea, with drooping spikes of pearly yellow
flowers, Cypripedium Mastersianum, Lawrenceanum, &c.

For the best collection of Cattleyas and Lzlias, T. Statter, Esq., Stand
Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), got the First Prize (£5) for some
splendid specimens of C. Mossiz and C. Mendelii varieties, Lelia purpurata
varieties, Lzlio-cattleya xX Phoebe, &c. All the plants showed evidence of
fine cultivation.

Duncan Gilmour, Esq., Sandygate, Sheffield, obtained the Second
Prize (£3). His group contained two plants of Lzlia tenebrosa, and several
Cattleya Mossie. C. M. Black Prince, with very large deep purple flowers
and a brilliant lip, was especially attractive.

For the best collection of Specimen Orchids in bloom, E. Ashworth,
Esq. (gr. Mr. Holbrook), gained the First Prize (£8) for ten beautiful plants,
four of which were varieties of Lelia purpurata. The most noticeable,
perhaps, were Cattleya Skinneri alba, a really lovely specimen with eleven
beautiful white flowers, Cypripedium Rothschildianum, and Odontoglossum
luteopurpureum Vuylstekeanum with its remarkable yellow flowers.

Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham, took the Second Prize (£4). Hehada
fine Cattleya Skinneri, Oncidium Marshallianum, O. superbiens, Lelia
icnnabarina, and Cymbidium Lowianum.

182 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Thos. Harker, Esq., Didsbury (gr. Mr. Molloy), gained the Third Prize
(£3) for a good group, in which were five good Dendrobiums.

In the non-competitive groups, Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, of Upper
Holloway, staged a nice group of Orchids, in which were Odontoglossum
crispum, QO. cirrhosum, Oncidium concolor, Lelia >» Latona, which
obtained an Award of Merit, and Cypripedium xX Lebaudyanum. A Silver
Medal was given to the group.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, exhibited a
collection of cut flowers of Cattleya Mossiz, C. Skinneri, Lelio-cattleya
x Hippolyta, Miltonia Roezlii, &c.

From Messrs. Fisher, Son and Sibray, of Sheffield, came several
Orchids, in which Lelia purpurata, Dendrobium thyrsiflorum and Cattleya
Mossi figured. A variety of the latter, named “ Valhalla,” a fine flower
with a beautifully mottled lip, obtained an Award of Merit. Cattleya
Mendelii Lilian with pure white flowers, having only a purple stain on front
of the lip, also received an Award of Merit.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, exhibited a large and
select group, for which a Silver Medal was awarded. Cattleyas, Odonto-
glossums, Cypripediums, Miltonias, Lelias, Masdevallias, Oncidiums,
Dendrobiums, &c., were in great variety and produced a fine flowering
sight.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, High View Nurseries, Cottingley, Bingley, Yorks,
also obtained a Silver Medal for a group of Odontoglossums, Cattleyas,
Miltonias, &c.

Messrs. John Cowan & Co., Liverpool, staged a large group, in which
Lelia purpurata, Odontoglossum crispum, and Cattleya Mossia pre-
dominated. It also contained a fine specimen of Masdevallia psittacina
with about sixty flowers; Cypripedium caudatum well grown; and Brassia
Keiliana tristis with deep chocolate sepals and petals and pale creamy-
yellow lip.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed several beautiful
Orchids, one of which, Lelio-cattleya x Eudora, won the Gold Medal
in the class for the best hybrid Orchid. L.-c. X Ascania is a lovely hybrid,
as is Cypripedium xX Clonius.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, were awarded a Gold Medal for a
group in which were some really good varieties, the most noticeable being
a huge specimen of Cypripedium Mastersianum with about twenty-four
-flowers. Odontoglossum crispum was in great variety, as were also
Cattleyas, while mention must also be made of the pure white Cypripedium
bellatulum album and the pure white Sobralia macrantha Kienastiana.

1 Wi

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 183

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND
ORCHID SOCIETY,

AT the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on May roth last,
some very good Orchids came before the committee, of whom the following
were present :—Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair), Gratrix, Leemann,
Warburton, Backhouse, Weathers, Cypher, Johnson, Robson, Holmes,
Bolton, and Mills (hon. secretary).

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Hay), showed a very fine
form of Cypripedium bellatulum with numerous large dark spots (A. M.),
and cut blooms of C. caudatum roseum, C. Curtisii virescens, Laelia
purpurata alba, and a very distinct form of Lycaste Skinneri with an almost
pure white lip.

D. B. Rappart, Esq., Liscard (gr. Mr. Nicholson), showed Cattleya
Skinneri alba, a pure white flower with the exception of the typical purple
marking at the top of the throat (F. C. C.)

Samuel Gratrix, Esq,, Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed
Cypripedium X Gratrixiz (vexillarium xX bellatulum), a very pretty form,
partaking of the pollen parent's characteristics in shape and size, and
following the seed-parent in colour (F. C. C.), and C. x S. Gratrix
(bellatulum X Godfroyz), an interesting and distinct flower (A. M.)

John Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Hedge), showed a fine
plant and good variety of Cypripedium bellatulum (A. M.) Odontoglossum
x Wilckeaum (A. M.) Cattleya Skinneri alba, a very fine plant with three
large spikes of bloom, but showing slight colouring on the lower part of the
labellum (A. M.), Cattleya Schroederz alba, a small flower, which would
no doubt be better from a strong growth (A. M.), and Cypripedium xX
Harrisianum superbum.

Gustav Kleinjung, Esq., Alderley Edge (gr. Mr. Oakes), showed
Maxillaria tenuifolia, which was awarded a Botanical Certificate.

Duncan Gilmour, Esq., Sheffield (gr. Mr. Day), showed Cattleya
Mossiz Black Prince, an excellent form with dark petals and sepals and
specially dark lip (A. M.), C. M. Boadicea, a very large lighter form with
beautiful striped well-expanded lip, together with three other good forms of
C. Mossiz, and Odontoglossum citrosmum, a very pretty and distinct form
with light buff petals and sepals and dark mauve lip (A. M.)

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed Cypripedium
Rothschildianum and C. xX selligerum majus.

Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham, showed a very fine dark-lipped form of
Cattleya Mendelii (A. M), and a very dark Miltonia vexillaria rosea
(A. M.)

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed Odontoglossum xX Rochfordianum

184 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

(entered as Hunnewellianum X crispum), a yery pretty form with white
petals and sepals heavily spotted with brown (A. M.) It is flowering from a
very small bulb, and should be very good when stronger. He also sent
O. crispum magnificum (A. M.)

Messrs. James Backhouse and Son, York, showed Cattleya Mendel
gigantea, an exceptionally large form (A.M.)

The following resolution was passed by the Committee :—

“That the Gold, Silver Gilt, and Silver Medals of the Society be
awarded at the end of the Society’s year to the three members who have
gained the greatest number of points for exhibits at the Society’s meetings
during the year, such points to be calculated according to the following
scale :—

Medal i ie e 10 points
First-class Certificate .... ES 4 >»
Award of Merit wes ane 2 eS
Botanical and Cultural Certificates ... I -
Vote of Thanks a aS 1 to6 ‘

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

AT the Royal Horticultural Society’s meeting, held at the Drill Hall, James
Street, Westminster, on May roth, the last prior to the great Temple Show,
Orchids were very well represented, and included three which gained the
coveted honour of a First-class Certificate.

Present : H. Little, Esq., in the Chair; and Messrs. J. O’Brien (Hon.
Sec.), H. Ballantine, T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, De B.
Crawshay, J. Douglas, J. T. Gabriel, T. B. Haywood, E. Hill, J. Jacques,
H. M. Pollett, W. H. Protheroe, T. Statter, F. J. Thorne, and W. H.
Young.

_ Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), staged
the superb Lelio-cattleya xX Hippolyta Dulcote variety, which on this
occasion was awarded a First-class Certificate. The inflorescence bore five
large and very brilliantly-coloured flowers.

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond),
exhibited the very handsome Lelio-cattleya x Fascinator (C. Schroeder
x L. purpurata), to which a First-class Certificate was given. It is inter-
mediate in shape; with pale-rose sepals and petals, anda very broad lip, rich
purple-crimson in front, with the throat white, tinged with yellow in the
centre. :

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford (gr. Mr. Davis),

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 185

showed a very fine form of Cattleya intermedia called Fowler’s variety,
bearing an inflorescence of five very fine flowers, with blush-white ground
(Award of Merit).

Fred Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. Stafford), sent
the handsome Cattleya xX Lawre-Mossie, Cypripedium X Goweri magnifi-
cum, flowers of Sobralia macrantha Kienastiana, and the very distinct and
pretty Sophro-cattleya x George Hardy (C. Aclandie x S. grandiflora), a
dwarf plant most like the Cattleya parent in habit, and bearing a single
light reddish-crimson flower, with some yellow at the base of the lip. It
received an Award of Merit.

Major Joicey, Sunningdale Park (gr. Mr. Thorne), sent the rare Eriopsis
rutidobulbon, and Anguloa Ruckeri with six flowers proceeding from a single
growth, the latter receiving a Cultural Commendation.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, sent
Epidendrum Brassavole, the rare E. campylostalix, aud E. chitagense, the
latter receiving a Botanical Certificate.

Philip Crowley, Esq., Waddon House, Croydon (gr. Mr. Harris), sent a
good form of Cypripedium hirsutissimum.

Welbore S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne, Dorking (gr. Mr. Barrell), exhibited
two well-grown and flowered plants of Miltonia vexillaria, and several
excellent examples of Odontoglossum crispum.

W. G. Soper, Esq., Hareston, Caterham Valley (gr. Mr. Wood), showed
a very good plant of Miltonia vexillaria, grown with lumps of chalk for
drainage, which is thought to benefit the plant.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson),
showed a large, light-coloured hybrid called Cypripedium X macrochilum
giganteum superbum.

Reginald Young, Esq., Fringilla, Linnet Lane, Sefton Park, Liverpool
(gr. Mr. Poyntz), showed Cypripedium X Belus (Harrisianum nigrum ? X
Mastersianum ¢), most like the pollen parent in shape, but darker in colour.
The plant was six years old, having been sown in 1892. ?

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, staged a
large and handsome group, to which a Silver-gilt Flora Medal was deservedly
awarded. It contained the handsome Lelio-cattleya X Wellsiana, L.-c. X
W. albida, with white sepals and petals, Lelia xX Latona, some very fine
plants of Cattleya Mendelii, a fine C. intermedia alba, C. Schroedere,
various fine Odontoglossums, Calanthe masuca, Cirrhopetalum picturatum,
some good Masdevallia Veitchiana, Cypripedium Mastersianum, Angraecum
modestum, the striking Brassia brachiata, Epidendrum Wallisii, E. x
elegantulum, and other interesting things. A First-class Certificate was
awarded to Spathoglottis aureo-Vieillardii, which has developed into a very
handsome thing.

186 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, exhibited a hand-
some group, containing some good Odontoglossum crispum, Lelia pur-
purata, Cattleya Mendelii and others, Cypripedium Rothschildianum, Vanda
teres candida, Bulbophyllum claptonense, a pretty species near B. Lobbii,
&c. A Silver Banksian Medal was awarded.

Messrs. Linden, L’Horticulture Internationale, Brussels, sent a fine
group of cut spikes of Odontoglossum crispum and Miltonia vexillaria, a
branched spike of the latter being exceptionally fine.

Mr. John Robson, Bowdon, Cheshire, sent a pretty Odontoglossum
called O. X Rochfordianum, a supposed natural hybrid between O. crispum
and Hunnewellianum, and thus apparently a form of O. x Adriane.

THE TEMPLE SHOW.

THE great annual show of the Royal Horticultural Society was held in the
Temple Gardens, Thames Enbankment, on May 25th, 26th, and 27th, and
being favoured with fine weather, brought together a magnificent display of
plants anda large number of visitors, we believe quite up to the average of
preceding years. Orchids were exhibited in large numbers and excellent
quality, the display in this department, at least, being much finer than at
Ghent. The arrangement was similar to that of previous years, and, as
usual, some of the groups would have been more effective could a little more
space have been devoted to them.

The premier group was certainly that staged by Sir Trevor Lawrence,
Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), to which a Gold Medal was
deservedly awarded. It occupied a space with a frontage of 25 feet, and
contained a rich assortment of nearly all the showy Orchids of the season,
together with many botanical gems, and the whole very tastefully arranged.
Among those specially noted, we may mention a fine Cattleya Skinneri alba,
C. intermedia Parthenia, C. Mossize Wageneri, C. Lawrenceana, and many
other fine Cattleyas, the curious Schomburgkia tibicinis with a long spike,
the handsome Epiphronitis x Veitchii with six spikes, Aérides crispum,
Miltonia vexillaria in excellent examples, a fine clump of Macodes petola
under a bell glass, the violet-purple Dendrobium Victoria-Regine, D.
O’Brienianum striatum, D. Parishii albeus, and the rare D. Hughii,
Acacallis cyanea, the tiny Masdevallia O’Brieniana, a well-flowered M. rosea,
M. Arminii, M. caudata xanthocorys, the very distinct M. pachyura, and
the handsome M. x Shuttryana Chamberlainii, the brilliant Habenaria
thochila, the rich crimson Renanthera Imschootiana, Epidendrum
glumaceum, the scarlet E. Schomburgkii, E. Endresii, E. x Endresio-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 187

Wallisii, and E. X elegantulum, Saccolabium miniatum, a mass of flowers,
Stelis prolifera, therare Polystachya bulbophylloides, Cirrhopetalum fimbria-
tum, the remarkable Microstylis macrochila, the rare Eria Clarkii, some
excellent examples of Lelia purpurata and its varities. Cypripedium xX
Dauthieri Albino, C x Eleanor, very fine, a very large flowered C. Hookerz,
and the handsome Burford variety of C. X Olenus with a twin-flowered
spike, Odontoglossum cirrhosum with several fine panicles, some fine forms
of O. crispum, and other good Odontoglossums, Colax jugosus very well
flowered, Sobralia macrantha Kienastiana, Brassia verrucosa, Cymbidium
tigrinum, a very fine C. Lowianum, Diacrium bicornutum, and other fine
things seu we have not space to enumerate.

H. S. Leon, Esq.,; Bletchley Park (gr. Mr. A. Hisiop) staged a very
Fea group of well-grown Orchids, to which a Silver Cup was awarded.
It contained some excellent Cattleya Mossiz, a splendid specimen of C.
Skinneri with six very fine spikes, C. Lueddemanniana Ernesti with three
enormous richly coloured flowers, C. Lawrenceana, C. Schroeder, some
very good C. Schilleriana, Lelia purpurata, several good Oncidium
concolor, of which O. c. superbieus with branched raceme of enormous
flowers was the best, Vanda teres, tricolor, and suavis, Platyclinis latifolia,
Calanthe veratrifolia, some very fine Odontoglossums, Epidendrum
vitellinum, a striking form of E. radicans with very broad round lip,
Cypripedium Mastersianum, Dendrobium nobile, Bletchley Park variety,
white with light purple disc, and other good things.

The Right Hon. Earl Percy, Sion House, Brentford (gr. Mr. Wyethes),
also received a Silver Cup for a fine group of plants in excellent condition.
It contained two fine batches of Cypripedium barbatum Warneri, some fine
Cattleya Mossiz, C. Schilleriana, some very fine Lelia purpurata,
Cymbidium Lowianum, a fine Coelogyne Dayana, Dendrobium Pierardi
with many flowers, D. Gibsoni, and D. thyrsiflorum, some good Odonto-
glossum crispum, O. gloriosum, triumphans. cirrhosum, Pescatorei, and
Reichenheimii, some well grown Vanda teres and Miltonia vexillaria,
Thunia alba, T. Marshalliana, Oncidium Marshallianum, &c.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. W. H.
Young), also staged a large and effective group, to which a Silver Cup was
given. The most noteworthy plants were Cattleya Skinneri and C. S. alba,
C. Mendelii, C. intermedia Parthenia, some very fine C. Mossiz, C.
Lawrenceana, Odontoglossum crispum, O. citrosmum punctatissimum, O.
polyxanthum, and other good Odontoglossums, Oncidium concolor with
eight spikes, Brassia brachiata, Vanda teres, Cymbidium Lowianum,
Miltonia vexillaria, Aérides Fieldingii, Phalaenopsis amabilis, Dendrobium
Victoria-Reginz, the pretty little Eria extinctoria, Epidendrum hastatum,
Disa x Veitchii, some fine Lelia purpurata, Cypripedium callosum Sanderz,

188 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

C. bellatulum album, C. Chamberlainianum, a very fine C. caudatum, an _
excellent C. Lawrenceanum, and C. barbatum.

M. Jules Hye-Leysen, Coupure, Ghent, received a Silver- gilt Flora
Medal for a small group of superb things, including the brilliant Lelia
x Latona, a remarkable form of Lelio-cattleya x highburiensis (raised
between C. Lawrenceana and L. cinnabarina) with the sepals and petals
deeply flamed with purple, Odontoglossum luteopurpureum Vuylstekeanum,
O. sceptrum, O. polyxanthum with enormous flowers, a plant called O. X
cordato-crispum, said to have been raised by hand, which looks so precisely
like a form of O. X Wilckeanum as to suggest grave doubts as to its
parentage, and Miltonia X Bleuana roseo-gigantea, a magnificent form
with a lip 3 inches across, to which an Award of Merit was given.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), also
received a Silver-gilt Flora Medal for a fine group of Odontoglossums,
including O. crispum fastuosum, O. c. Thompsonianum, a very large and
heavily blotched form, O. c. Capartianum, O. c. Lily,’suffused and densely
spotted with rose-purple, a very pretty O. Hunnewellianum, handsome forms
of O. X excellens, O. x Wilckeanum grande, the spike bearing two side
branches and an aggregate of 28 flowers and buds, O. X Andersonianum
with a fine panicle of flowers very little spotted, and a very good O.
tripudians, all exceedingly well grown.

Malcolm S. Cooke, Esq., Kingston Hill (gr. Mr. Buckell), staged a very
pretty group, to which a Silver-gilt Banksian Medalwas given. It included
a good Maxillaria Sanderiana, Cochlioda sanguinea, some good Cattleya
Mossiz and Mendelii, Miltonia vexillaria, Odontoglossum crispum, O.
Pescatorei, O. polyxanthum, Brassia verrucosa, Masdevallia coccinea, M.
Schlimii, Cymbidium Lowianum, and others.

Ludwig Mond, Esq., Regent’s Park (gr. Mr. Clarke), staged a nice group
to which a Silver Banksian Medal was also given. It included a good
Cymbidium Lowianum, Cypripedium Mastersianum, some good Miltonia
vexillaria, Odontoglossum citrosmum, crispum, and others, Cattleya Mossiz,
and good forms of other showy Orchids.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook),
showed a fine Cirrhopetalum Collettii, bearing 4 fine racemes.

W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle, near Hull (gr. Mr. Barker), senta very fine
Cypripedium Rothschildianum, with 3 flowers, Cattleya Mendelii Amelia, a
very good light form, and C. Mossiz Barkeri, much like C. M. Reineckeana,
but with lilac-purple veinings on the front of the lip.

R. S. Bond, Esq., Surbiton (gr. Mr. Pead), exhibited a hybrid Odonto-
glossum said to be derived from O. crispum and O. triumphans, and thus a
form of O. X loochristiense. The oldest remaining bulb, however, wasvery
little smaller than the flowering one, and doubts were suggested as to its

THE ORCHID REVIEW 189

origin and parentage, some considering it to be a form of O. X Wilckeanum.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), showed
a fine specimen of Epidendrum prismatocarpum with nine spikes.

M. A. Madoux, Anderghem, Brussels, sent Lelia X Latona superba, a
particularly fine form, Odontoglossum crispum Trianz, and O. X Adriane
Charlesianum, a very pretty densely spotted form, to which an Award of
Merit was given.

H. Shaw, Esq., Heathfield, Stockport (gr. Mr. Cliffe), sent the } retty
little Dendrobium Loddigesii, and a very fine Miltonia vexillaria.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson),
sent a plart of the striking Dendrobium Victoria- Regine,

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, staged a splendid group,
to which a Silver Cup was awarded. It contained several plants of
Masdevallia Veitchiana with an aggregate of over 120 flowers, some good
Odontoglossum crispum, O. x Andersonianum beardwoodense, with very
broad sepals and petals spotted and Llotched with red-purple, a good O.
(Erstedii, O. cordatum, O. Uroskinneri, and others, the brilliant Cochlioda
Neetzliana, the rare Stauropsis gigantea, several nice Dendrobium Dearei,
Lzlio-cattleya x intermedio-flava Golden Queen (C. intermedia ? X L.
flava 3) a handsome form with deep yellow segments, to which an Award
of Merit was given, L.-c. X Admiral Dewey (C. Warneri 2 X L.-c. X
elegans 3 ),a most brilliant hybrid, which secured a First-class Certificate,
Lelio-cattleya X Schilleriana, home-raised between Lelia purpurata and
Cattleya intermedia, and thus specially interesting, L.-c. xX radiata (L.
purpurata X C. dolosa), some very good Cattleya Lawrenceana, C. X
Fernand Denis (Aclandie ¢@ X Warscewiczii 3), with two handsome
flowers, to which a First-class Certificate was given, C. X Breauteana
(which, like the preceding, was described in our last volume), some gcod
Vanda teres, Cymbidium tigrinum, Epilelia x Charlesworthii (L. cinna-
barina @ X Epidendrum radicans ¢), most like the latter except in having
elongated segments, Lelia X cinnabrosa (cinnabarina 2 X tenebrosa ¢),
most like the former in shape, but the orange sepals and petals partly
suffused with purple, and the lip resembling L. tenebrosa in colour, and
numerous examples of the commoner showy Orchids of the season.

Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, also received a Silver Cup for a very fine
group, including excellent examples of most of the showy Orchids of the
season, the varieties of Lzlia purpurata being specially good. Those specially
noted by us were Mormodes pardinum unicolor with two fine racemes,
Cattleya citrina, C. Aclandie, C. Lawrenceana, C. Schilleriana, and others;
Lelia-cattleya x highburiensis, a small Restrepia elegans with many
flowers, Anguloa Clowesii, Oncidium olivacum, a good O. Marshallianum,
O. Papilio, and O. Kramerianum, some good Odontoglossum crispum, the

190 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

charming O. nevium with five racemes, O. apterum, and other good
Odontoglossums, Dendrobium Dearei, Epidendrum xX O’Brienianum,
Cypripedium Exul, Masdevallia rosea with a dozen flowers, M. tovarensis,
the rare M. Schlimii, &c.

Messrs. Linden, L’Horticulture Internationale, Brussels, staged a large
and very effective group, chiefly of Odontoglossums, which received a
Silver Cup. It contained a very fine series of O. crispum varieties, of
which zebrinum and decorum each secured an Award of Merit. Other
striking things were several pretty forms of O. x Adrian, a natural
hybrid between O. crispum and O. Hunnerwellianum, of which O. x A.
venustum secured a First-class Certificate, O. x Ruckerianum, O. xX
Coradinei, O. Pescatorei grandiflorum, O. P. bellatulum (Award of Merit),
O. X Wilckeanum in several fine varieties, O. Hallii excellens, O.
triumphans, O. polyxanthum, O. sceptrum, O. Hunnewellianum su-
perbum, &c. Some very fine Cypripedium Lawrenceanum, together with
good forms of Cattleya Mossiz and Miltonia vexillaria must also be
mentioned.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, also staged a superb group, which
gained the award of a Silver Cup. Among the more noteworthy things it
contained were Cattleya Mendelii Oakes Ames, a handsome form with a
crimson feathered blotch at the tip of the petals (First-class Certificate),
C. M. Mrs. E. V. Low, a charming light form (Award of Merit), some
good C. Mossi, including the beautiful varieties Wageneri and Reinecke-
ana, some fine Lelia purpurata, L. X Latona, a very handsome Leelio-
cattleya X Schilleriana, Cypripedium x Gertrude Hollington, a series of
good forms of Odontoglossum crispum, Brassia verrucosa, Oncidium
phymatochilum, O. monachicum, Bulbophyllum claptonense, which is a
near ally of B. Lobbii, Dendrobium Dalhousieanum salmoneum, in which
the usual maroon blotches were replaced by bright salmon-pink (First-class
Certificate), the very rare and pretty D. radians, and others too
numerous to mention.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, also received a Silver Cup for a
remarkably fine group, containing a very fine clump of Cypripedium
Mastersianum with over thirty flowers, C. X macrochilum giganteum with
very long tails, C. bellatulum album, C. callosum Sanderz, C. Sanderia-
num, many good Odontoglossum crispum, a very pretty O. x Adriane,
O. luteopurpureum, Sobralia macrantha Kienastiana, Ceelogyne Dayana,
a fine plant with many racemes, Masdevallia Veitchiana, good examples of
Lelia purpurata and tenebrosa, Zygopetalum xX Perrenoudi with two fine
racemes, fine examples of Oncidium sarcodes and O. ampliatum, Cattleya
Mossiz Reineckeana, C. M. Wageneri, and other good forms, C. Skinneri
alba, Maxillaria Sanderiana, and many other showy Orchids.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. I9I

Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., Southgate, staged a large and very effective
group, to which a Silver-gilt Banksian Medal was given. It contained some
fine Lelia purpurata, the rare Warscewiczella discolor with four flowers,
Cypripedium xX Evenor Southgate var., C. Mastersianum, Phalzenopsis
rosea, the rare Epidendrum hastatum with seven flowers, Cattleya
Schilleriana, C. intermedia, some good C. Mossie#, C. Mendelii, C. Skinneri,
Ada aurantiaca, the handsome Oncidium spilopterum, O. varicosum, O.
concolor, O. hastatum, and other good things.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, also contributed a fine
group and received a Silver-gilt Banksian Medal “for Orchids and Floral
Decorations,” in which latter Orchids were very effectively utilised. The
group contained some fine Lelia purpurata, L. xX Latona, some good
Cattleya Mossiz, Mendelii, and Skinneri, Oncidium concolor, a very. fine
clump with over a dozen racemes, O. Marshallianum, many good Odonto-
glossum crispum, O. cirrhosum, and other fine Odontoglossums, Vanda
tricolor and V. sauvis, Calanthe Williamsii, Trichopilia crispa, many good
Miltonia vexillaria, Aérides Houlletianum, Pescatorea Lehmanni, Anguloa
Clowesii, Masdevallia ignea, Thunia Bensone, &c.

M. Ch. Vuylsteke, Loochristi, Ghent, sent a fine hybrid Odontoglossum
called O. X crispo-Harryanum (crispum @ X Harryanum ¢), a very
beautiful thing, most like O. Harryanum in shape and in the general
details of the lip, but the sepals and petals light yellow and less heavily
marked with red-brown at the base. The plant bore a raceme of four
flowers, and received a First-class Certificate.

Messrs. James Backhouse & Sons, York, included some interesting
Orchids in a group of miscellaneous plants, as Dendrobium infundibulum,
Cypripediums macranthum, Calceolus, and Rothschildianum, Ophrys
arachnites, Orchis sambucina, fusca and longicornu, Odontoglossum
crispum and polyxanthum, Lelia purpurata, a good L. Boothiana,
and some excellent Miltonia vexillaria, to one of which, called variety
Empress Victoria Augusta, a First-class Certificate was given.

Messrs. Barr & Son, King Street, Covent Garden, exhibited in a
collection of hardy plants interesting examples of Orchis_ latifolia,
papilionacea, maculata, italica, Ophrys tenthredinifera, and Cypripe-
diums pubescens, Calceolus, montanum, and acaule, and Aceras anthro-
pophora.

Mr. T. S. Ware, Tottenham, had also interesting examples of Orchis
militaris, and Cypripediums Calceolus, pubescens, and montanum in a~
group of hardy plants.

The Jadoo Company, Limited, Exeter, exhibited a very strong Dendro-
bium Wardianum grown in their Jadoo Fibre.

Miss E. D. Emett, 239, Ladbrooke Grove, W., exhibited remarkably

192 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

life-like models of Spathoglottis gracilis, Diacrium bicornutum, including
pseudobulb and leaves, Cypripedium insigne, and the apex of a branch of
Sobralia macrantha.

Lastly may be mentioned that Orchids were very effectively utilised in
the Floral and Dinner table decorations of Mr. L. H. Calcott, of Stoke
Newington, Miss J. Dalton, of Ludgate Hill, Messrs. Jones & Sons, of
Shrewsbury, Messrs. Perkins & Sons, of Coventry, and Mr. M. Stevens, of
Belgravia.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CATTLEYA X FERNAND DeEnis.—Gard. Mag., May 28, pp. 339, 340,
with fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM X GERTRUDE HOLLINGTON, SOUTHGATE VAR.— Gard.
World., May 28, p. 616, with fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM xX OLENUS, BURFORD VARIETY.— April 28, p. 371,
fies 77,

EULOPHIELLA PEETERSIANA.—Garden, May 7, p. 379, with fig.

L2LIO-CATTLEYA X THORNTONI.— Journ. of Hort., May 5, pp. 390, 391;
fig. 74; Gard. Mag., May 7, pp- 297, 298, with fig.

ODONTOGLossuM PrEscaToREI DUCHESS OF WESTMINSTER.—/ourn.
Hort., May 12, pp. 412, 413, fig. 78.

ODONTOGLOSSUM X WILCKEANUM, PITT’s VARIETY.— Gard. Chron.,
May 7, p. 274, fig. 104.

PHAL&NOPSIS X SCHREDERE.—Gard. Chron., April 30, p. 259, fig. 99-

SPATHOGLOTTIS xX AUREO-VIEILLARDII. — Gard. Mag., May 14, p-
308, with fig. ; Gard. Chron., May 21, p. 309, fig. 115; Journ. of Hort.,
May 26, p. 439, fig. 82.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c,

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their quertes on other pages, and in
some cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue.)

J. G., Southampton.—Dendrobium Boxallii, which, however, is probably a form of
D, gratiosissimum.

C. STOLDT.—Both are forms of Cattleya intermedia, the one with spotted sepals and
petals being near the variety punctatissima. T species varies from white to pink.

Wey-R; Maghull.—Lzelio-cattleya x Schilleriana, a natural hybrid between L. pur-
purata and C. intermedia.

Ch. V., Loochristi.—Oncidium tetracopis, Rchb. f.

ERRATA.
Page 5.—Lzlio-cattleya x weedoniensis must be placed as a variety of L. c. x Sallieri, a
Page 41.—For Lzlio-cattleya x Locusta read L.-c. x leucasta.

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COMPRISING OVER 30 HOUSES,

Has now been wer as their Newer oe
Establishm ss

BUSH HILL PARK, MIDDK., :

Where
Gentlemen

the favour of an Inspection
interested in their pacer cin

cordially invited.

Trains leave i evanes rl Street (G.EB. = ) at -fweutipsties and

fifty-five minutes past —e aoe r Bash Hill Park

RCHID

— Many rare and choice Peis
c., alwa’

ORCHID IMPORTER & GROWER,

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ORCHID HOUSES |

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FOR

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FOR 4

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Hot Water Boilers :
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and i
Heating Apparatus. = |
:

Pdnusd by R Wy: Simpson & Go. Lad. Ritiesod Press, Sheen Road, Richmond, Surrey, oe :

Hn Fllustrated Monthly Fournal,

DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY.-

Contents.

oF PAGE |

Botanical Orchids at Kew... ... 200| Hybrid Orichids, lecture on ...
a Calendar of Operations for July eee Lueddemannia Sanderiana
snp ecrenea <— *99| Manchester and North of England
_ Cattleya x picturata ... 4

Le Orchid Society
rrespondence, &c. ...
sities of Orchid breed
) en dro! ium nobile variegated —

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HIS work contains descriptions of all the most important species and varieties j in cultivation, their Origin,
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troduction, toge with Cultural Notes, C5 &e.
as been compiled to supply amateurs and cultivators of exotic Orchids. with a fuller account of the ;
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Part I—-ODONTOGLUsSUM. eee ear
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VoL. VI.| JULY, 1808. [No. 67.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, during July, on the 12th and 26th
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12

o’clock noon.

The July meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on the 14th and
28th. The Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to

inspection at I p.m.

A flower of a fine form of Odontoglossum x Wilckeanum has been sent
from the collection of W. G. Groves, Esq., Holehird, Windermere. It
came out ofan importation of O. crispum. The spike bore twelve very large
and brightly coloured flowers, the sepals and petals having the elongated
shape of O. luteopurpureum rather than that of the other parent.

The Journal of the Kew Guild states that the Orchid houses at Kew
(Nos. 13 and 14) have long been inadequate for the needs of the large
collection of these plants now grown there. They are therefore being
replaced by four smaller houses, after the style most approved by the
leading Orchid-growers. An addition is also being made to the Orchid pits.

Mr. G. W. Cummins, late gardener to A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange,
Wallington, has been appointed gardener to W. H. Lumsden, Esq.,
Balmedie, Aberdeenshire. We believe that, as in his last situation, Mr.
Cummins will have a good collection of Orchids under his charge.

Cattleya Mendelii grandiflora is an exceptionally large form, with white

194 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

sepals and petals and the front lobe of the lip very richly coloured. A
beautiful flower having this character is sent from the collection of W. E.
Boutcher, Esq., Grately, near Andover. It came out of one of Messrs.
Cowan’s importations in 1894 or 1895, and Mr. Boutcher states that for
three successive years it has produced a new growth at the time that the
flowers are showing in the sheath.

An exceptionally dark Oncidium crispum grandiflorum has been sent by
Messrs. Linden, L’Horticulture Internationale, Brussels, the only trace of
yellow being a small blotch close to the claw of the lip, and a few similar
markings at the extreme base of the other segments. The whole flower is
of a deep bronzy tinge.

A very good form of Lelio-cattleya x Schilleriana is sent from the
collection of R. G. Thwaites, Esq., of Streatham. The flower is pure white,
except the front lobe of the lip, and a line down the centre of the disc,
which are of a brilliant rosy-crimson, shading off into a white blotch at the
apex.

A most beautiful albino of Odontoglossum crispum comes from Messrs.
Linden, L’Horticulture Internationale, Brussels, excellent in shape and
substance, and of the purest white, which is set off by a bright yellow disc
without the slightest speck of brown. It is one of the best examples of
O. c. virginale we have met with.

A flower of the beautitul Dendrobium pulchellum (Dalhousieanum)
salmoneum, which obtained a First-class Certificate at the Temple Show,
has been sent by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Enfield. It differs from the
type in having the pair of maroon eye-like blotches on the lip, replaced by a
bright shade of salmon pink, which gives to the plant a very distinct
appearance.

A plant of Eulophiella Peetersiana, belonging to M. Peeters of Brussels,
was offered for sale by Messrs. Protheroe and Morris, on May 27th, last,
and, we understand, fetched £39.

A flower of Cattleya Mossiz, sent by Messrs. Hurst and Son, has the
lip very prettily and irregularly streaked and veined with crimson-purple.
A trace of the same character is seen in the sepals and petals. C. M.
Hardyana is a variety in which this peculiarity is much more strongly
developed.

Cattleya Mossiz McMorlandii is a handsome variety in which all the
crimson pencilling has vanished from the front lobe of the lip, leaving only
the yellow disc and the markings in the throat. A figure appears in

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 195

Warner’s Select Orchidaceous Plants (iii, t. 16). It has now appeared in the
collection of W. S. M’Millan, Esq., Maghull, near Liverpool, from whom
we have received a flower, together with a very brightly coloured form of
the species and a good C. Mendelii.

A fine raceme bearing thirteen flowers of a most interesting plant of
Odontoglossum crispum is sent from the collection of W. Thompson, Esq.,
Walton Grange, Stone, by Mr. Stevens. It is the first O. crispum ever
purchased by Mr. Thompson, and has been in the collection twenty-eight
years last January. It is a good, typical, nearly unspotted form, with a
tinge of rose in the sepals. Mr. Stevens remarks that ‘the plant, though
not large, looks like going on for another twenty-eight years, with the same
care,’ and as such plants are continually renewing themselves there seems,
apart from accidents, no particular limit to their existence, provided only
their requirements are attended to. It is now pretty obvious that if O.
crispum deteriorates under cultivation, there is something wrong in the
treatment.

We learn that the firm of Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., of Southgate,
has been dissolved by mutual consent, and that the business will in future
be carried on by Messrs. Stanley Mobbs and Ashton, at the same address.

OBITUARY.

WE regret to hear of the death of Mr. Henry Mason, of Bankfield,
Bingley, which took place in London on June 11th last. His collection of
Odontoglossums was, we believe, one of the choicest in the North of
England, and contained many valuable and unique forms. The late Mr.
Mason purchased only plants in flower, and paid some high prices to several
of the trade firms for choice varieties.

MASDEVALLIA ANGULATA.

Another interesting species of Masdevallia has been introduced to
cultivation, namely M. angulata, Rchb. f:, which was described in 1878
from dried specimens (Otia Bot. Hamb., i. p. 15). It was exhibited by Mr.
J. O'Brien at the Royal Horticultural Society’s meeting on June 14th last,
and received a Botanical Certificate. It is a native of Ecuador, and was
originally discovered by Mr. F. C. Lehmann, from whom the living plants
have since been received. It is allied to M. Mooreana, and is very similar
in colour, but it is markedly different in its relatively longer leaves and
shorter scapes, as well as the shorter perianth, the free part of the sepals,

including the tails, being much less attenuate.
R, ALR,

196 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
DIES ORCHIDIAN#~.

“Ts old Argus taking a holiday, or has he not returned from Ghent,
supposing he ever got there? For two months we have seen nothing of
him, and we begin to wonder what can be the matter.”” I hasten to assure
my amiable correspondent that it’s nothing serious—just a hint from the
Editor that reports of the big shows will take up all the available space,
so my notes have to keep.

First, then, I would allude to the flowering of the handsome Eulophiella
Peetersiana by Sir Trevor Lawrence, which, somehow, I think will be
the event of the year, just as the flowering of the giant Grammatophyllum
speciosum was that of last year. It is a glorious thing, but I hope not too
big for general cultivation. The flowers are much larger than those of
E. Elisabeth, and of a most brilliant shade of purple, and, if only it
proves to be as easily grown and as floriferous, we must find room for it.
And how quietly it stole into cultivation. But this is not to be wondered
at when the experience of the collector of the sister species is borne in
mind. The present one has surely not been discovered by the dreaded
‘* Protocryptoferox” and the truculent ‘ brother-in-law,’ or they would
scarcely have wasted their time in guarding the few little plants left of
E. Elisabethe, when a species so much finer needed their protection.
To return, however, I must congratulate Sir Trevor Lawrence upon first
flowering this fine species. It is a curious coincidence that E. Elisabethe
first appeared in public as a single plant at the Ghent Quinquennial
Exhibition in 1893, when it was the most remarkable new plant in the
Show, and the present one, I believe, would have been in excellent
condition for that of the present year had it not been previously cut for
the Royal Horticultural Society’s Meeting.

This brings me to the Ghent Show, where the Orchids, in spite of
two excellent groups which it would have been hard to beat anywhere,
showed a decided falling off as compared with the preceding one.
What struck me as remarkable was the number of unfilled classes—no
less than fifty-one out of a total of seventy-three—but I believe that the
unusual lateness of the season was responsible for some of this. The
middle of April is rather early in such a season, and I was told that
certain things were so backward that they could not be got out in time.
The two prize groups of M. Peeters and M. Vincke-Dujardin, however,
were superb both in quality and culture, and several others were very
good, though, in one or two cases, the first prize was withheld. And,
singularly enough, the premier group of Odontoglossums came from

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 197

England, from Mr. Thompson’s well-known collection—an excellent lot,
both for quality and culture.

But whatever the cause, the display of Orchids, as a whole, was a long
way behind that seen at the Temple Show five weeks later. This period,
of course, makes a lot of difference, but what one has most to remember
is that the conditions under which the two shows are held are altogether
different. At the Temple Show there is no competition proper, except
that each exhibitor tries to make as good a display as possible. And very
good it invariably is—the last being, if possible, better than ever—though,
as a general rule, there is too much sameness in the groups, and one
experiences quite a feeling of relief in discovering something different, as
in the case of the numerous botanical gems staged by Sir Trevor
Lawrence. If a schedule of prizes equal to that at Ghent were offered at
the Temple Show, there would be something to see, though the space
at disposal would be wholly inadequate. The Ghent people have the
pull of us in this respect.

It must also be remembered that on this occasion the great Whitsuntide
Show at Manchester overlapped the dates of the Temple Show, which
probably kept some of the northern growers away. At all events, the
Manchester Show was quite up to its usual standard, and the competitive
classes afford an opportunity for a certain amount of classification which is
wanting at the Temple Show, and which certainly imparts additional
variety and interest. At Manchester, too, they have the additional
advantage of a suitable building. Why should London wait ?

And now I must allude to a very disagreeable incident which occurred
at the Temple Show, namely, the loss of M. Jules Hye’s Orchids, under
circumstances recorded at page 163. From the report of the show at page
188 they appear to have been seven in number, and their aggregate value is
estimated at about £300. Over a month has now elapsed, but, up tothe
moment of writing, I have not heard of their recovery, and therefore the
suggestion that they mziy have been removed by some other exhibitor in
mistake may be finally dismissed, and one is forced to the conclusion that
they were deliberately stolen, which is not by any means a pleasant
reflection. A reward was at once offered for their recovery, and now the
question arises, what other steps are being taken to trace the plants ?

Such an incident naturally called forth various comments in the press as
to who is responsible and how its recurrence is to be prevented in future.
It naturally came as a disagreeable surprise to everybody, and especially to

198 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

those responsible for the arrangements, who, however, appear to have taken
every reasonable precaution for the safety of the exhibits. It would appear
from the report that as long as three hours after the closing of the show the
plants were seen safely in the tent, both by the society's superintendent and
by M. Hye’s assistant, who then left them for another hour, but on returning
found them missing. The public, be it remembered, had along ago gone
home, and the people remaining would be chiefly composed of exhibitors,
with their assistants, whose collections were too large to be removed
previously. What steps were taken to exclude unauthorised persons at this
hour I do not know, but it seems probable that whoever took those plants
knew what they were doing, and I suggest that Sherlock Holmes be
employed in the case. It certainly ought not to be allowed to rest
where it is at present.
ARGUS.

THE HYBRIDIST.
EPIDENDRUM X RADICANTI-STAMFORDIANUM.

A veRY pretty hybrid, derived from Epidendrum Stamfordianum ¢ and
E: radicans ¢, was exhibited by Messrs. James Veitch and Sons at the
meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society held on June 14th, of which
flowers have been kindly sent. In habit and the terminal inflorescence it
most resembles a dwarfed edition of the pollen parent, while the shape
of the flowers is almost that of E. Stamfordianum, with the colour changed
to light orange-red, and a yellow disc to the lip. The plant is at present
very small, but will probably develop into a good thing when it becomes
strong. We believe it is the first hybrid from E. Stamfordianum.

EPICATTLEYA X RADIATO-BOWRINGIANA.

Another very distinct and striking hybrid was also exhibited by Messrs.
Veitch on the same date, under the above name. It was obtained from
Cattleya Bowringiana ¢ and Epidendrum radiatum ¢, and is fairly
intermediate between the parents in character. In habit it is most like the
Epidendrum parent, having fusiform pseudobulbs and somewhat elongate
leaves, but the flowers are greatly modified in shape, and very distinct in
colour. The inflorescence at present bears three flowers, considerably
exceeding those of the Epidendrum in size, and the lip is much more.
concave, though the side lobes are not enrolled, as in the Cattleya parent.
The colour of the flowers is dull purple of quite a novel shade, and the lip
is similar, but marked with radiating veins of a darker tint, which appear
the most distinct in the paler throat. Of course it has not yet reached its
Maximum development, and it will probably improve considerably when
the plant becomes stronger.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 199

LUEDDEMANNIA SANDERIANA.

LAstT year an Orchid, introduced by Messrs F. Sander & Co., it was said
from the neighbourhood of Medellin, was described by Dr. Krinzlin under
the above name (Gard. Chron., 1897, xxii., p. 138) as an ally of L.
Lehmanni, but differing in having cream coloured sepals and petals, anda
white lip spotted with purple and bearing a very dark purple callus. A
plant of it has now flowered at Kew, and was immediately seen to belong
to another genus, being in fact, the old Laczena bicolor described by Dr.
Lindley over half-a-century ago (Bot. Reg., 1843, Misc. p. 68), when it
flowered in the Horticultural Society’s garden. A figure subsequently
appeared (/.c., 1844, t. 50), when the plant was said to have been sent from
Guatemala by Hartweg, who found it in the mountains of Saloma in the
province of Vera Paz, also near the village of Sunil, near Quezaltenango,
growing on rocks at an elevation of about 7000 feet above the sea. Shortly
afterwards Richard and Galeotti described it under the name of Peristeria
longiscapa (Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3, iii., p. 25), from specimens collected by
the latter in Mexico. In 188g a very fine plant, which had been imported
from Mexico as a Stanhopea, flowered in the collection of E. H. Watts,
Esq., of Chiswick, and was described by Mr. J. Fraser as Acineta Wrightii
(Gard. World, June 22, 1889, p. 673), in honour of Mr. Watts’ gardener.
The spike was over 24 feet long and bore 46 flowers. And now it has been
wrongly referred to Lueddemannia. In fact the unfortunate plant seems
to have received a new name each time it has appeared in cultivation. It
belongs to a quite distinct genus, of which only one other species is known,
namely, L. spectabilis, Rchb. f., a native of Mexico, of which a good figure
appears at t. 6516 of the Botanical Magazine. L. bicolor var. glabrata,
Lem. ({il. Hort., 1., Misc., p. 56, t. 33) belongs to the latter. These plants
should be grown in hanging baskets like Stanhopeas and Acinetas, and
require similar treatment.
R. A. ROLFE.

CATTLEYA MENDELII JANUS.

A VERY curious form of Cattleya Mendelii is sent by Messrs. B. Hurst
and Son, of Hinckley, which flowered out of a batch imported last year.
Two racemes are sent, and in each case the terminal flower consists of only
two opposite sepals and petals, and a long slender column. In one case
the column is straight, flattened above, and bears two perfect anthers,
alternating with the petals; the other having but one, though resembling
the first in having lost all trace of the column wings and stigma. The two

200 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

lower flowers are equally abnormal, but in a totally different way. One
consists of a single sepal and a second organ which can only be described
as half a lip and half a petal joined together longitudinally, for the dividing
line between the two halves is as sharp as if cut by a knife, one showing
every detail of the lip in shape, the infolding of the side lobes, and the
colour, including all the markings of the disc, while the other half is
simply white and flat, like a petal. Even the column is Janus-like in
character, the lip side having the characteristic wing and angle, together —
with an imperfect anther and stigma, while on the petal side all these parts
are absent. The lower flower of the other raceme hasa quite different half-
and-half organ, in this case one side belonging to the dorsal sepal and the
other to a petal, the different texture and shape being equally well defined.
The other petal is united to the side of the column, and thus shorter than
usual, and crumpled up. The column and lateral sepals are normal and
the lip nearly so. Several other plants of C. Mendelii in this sportive
condition are known (see vol. iii, p. 236, also p. 224; ii, p. 251; and iv.
p- 128), but what is the cause we are unable to say. It is clearly some
constitutional peculiarity, and, curiously enough, the flowers seem to be
abnormal in different ways and at different times, and some of them are
really very striking, as in the case of the one sent by Messrs. Hurst, which
has large and brilliantly coloured flowers, and should be taken care of.
The peculiarity recurs so frequently as to deserve the varietal name above
proposed.

BOTANICAL ORCHIDS AT KEW.

AMONGST the most attractive botanical Orchids now in flower at Kew, are
several very interesting plants which are certainly worthy of notice.

In the Warm department two plants form a very pleasing sight; the
remarkable Bulbophyllum barbigerum, whose curiously articulated lip is
constantly in motion, and the handsome Grammangis Ellisii, a native of
Madagascar, which bears a raceme of not less than twenty-three pretty
flowers. The latter species is a warmth loving kind, and grows splendidly
in baskets hanging from the roof.

Another very interesting plant is the new Mystacidium angustum
(Rolfe), a very free growing and flowering species from West Africa.
Angrecum Scottianum has terete leaves and graceful white flowers.
Ornithocephalus grandiflorus is very free flowering, and has remained in
bloom for a couple of months. Another species, native of West tropical
Africa, is Polystachya Adansoniz, with small greenish white and purple
flowers. Hartwegia purpurea has purple flowers and leaves prettily
variegated with green and brown. It seems to be very rare in cultivation.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 201

In the Cool house are several interesting things, and amongst them are
some real gems. Ornithocephalus multiflorus (Rolfe) is a new species, a
native of Brazil, bearing half-a-dozen graceful racemes covered with small
pure white flowers. Its compact habit and charming racemes and blooms
suggest that it would be worth while to introduce more of it. Colax
Puydtii is another distinct species now in flower, also the handsome Chon-
drorhyncha Chestertoni, which has bloomed before this season.

Several other varieties are sending forth their spikes, which will succeed
those above mentioned. Amongst them are the curious Bulbophyllum
odoratissimum, Cleisostoma latifolium, the attractive Cycnoches Egertoni-
anum, and the showy Cynorchis grandiflora with its brightly coloured
flowers, Habenaria pectinata, and Xylobium scabrilingue.

Other interesting species showing for flower are Cirrhza viridi-purpurea,
Liparis elata and Prainii, Microstylis commelynefolia, Pleurothallis
maculata and several Polystachyas, as P. leonensis, luteola, and rhodoptera,
and also Satyrium coriifolium and cucullatum. Many others will soon be
in season, some of them very rarely seen in collections, the more interesting
of which will serve as materials for future notes.

ODONTO.

DENDROBIUM BULLENIANUM.

DENDROBIUM Bullenianum is an interesting Philippine species, with heads
of orange-coloured flowers striped with light-red on all the segments,
which has very rarely been seen in cultivation since its original introduction,
hence its re-appearance in an importation of D. Dearei by Messrs, F.
Rancer & Co., St. Albans, is interesting. It was originally introduced by
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., and was described in 1862 by Reichenbach
(Bot. Zeit., xx., p. 214). In 1874 a plant, which had been received from
the Philippines, flowered in the collection of W. E. Brymer, Esq., and was
described by Reichenbach under the name of D. erythroxanthum (Gard.
Chron., 1874, ii., p. 162), but I do see how it can be distinguished from
the preceding. Both were described as having heads of orange flowers
lined with red, and both were compared with D. secundum, while the
differences pointed out seem to be too slight to be of importance. I have,
however, only seen dried specimens of the latter. D. Bullenianum belongs
to the section Pedilonum, and its flowers, which measure #-inch long, and
are very distinct in colour, are borne in lateral heads of about fifteen each.

R. A. ROLFE.

202 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

NOTES ON SOME CURIOSITIES OF ORCHID BREEDING.

THE last number of the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society contains
a most interesting paper bearing the above title, by Mr. C. C. Hurst. A
brief summary was given at page 326 of our last volume, and we now give
the following additional particulars for the benefit of those who may not
be able to read the paper in the original.

The special object of the paper was described by Mr. Hurst as being to
bring together in a concise form some of the curiosities and apparent
anomalies which have come to light during the rapid progress which has
been made during recent years in Orchid hybridisation, and to view them
in the light of recent researches. Commencing with normal forms, the
author remarks that primary hybrids are generally intermediate between
their parents, as is evident by the researches of Macfarlane on Cypri-
pedium X Leeanum, Masdevallia x Chelsoni, and others, even down to
their minute structure. He then alludes to the curiously long interval
which elapses between pollination and the fertilisation of the ovules,
_ ranging from eight or nine up to 120 days in various Orchids, though the
ultimate process seems to be much the same as in other flowering plants.
This is essentially the union of the contents of the pollen cell of the
father with the egg cell of the mother, which latter then develops into
the living embryo, and later germinates into the future plant. When the
contents of these two uniting cells are derived from different species, the
resulting embryo is a hybrid combining the characters of the two parent
species, which explains the intermediate character.

Among the curiosities enumerated are several alleged crosses, in which
the mother species is alone reproduced, and the question arises, are they
true hybrids? Probably not, for they must have originated by self-fertilisa-
tion, or by parthenogenesis—without the aid of pollen at all, of which
latter phenomenon a curious instance was discovered by Dr. Treub, the
embryos developing in the ovary of Liparis latifolia as the result of the
presence of some insect larva, which seemed to feed on the juices secreted
within the ovarian cavity without injuring the ovules. Some of the
examples cited are apparently inexplicable, and it is suggested that the
experiments should be repeated, and the results carefully recorded.

The question of sterility is discussed, examples of species which ap-
parently refuse to intercross being given, but occasional successes show
that negative results cannot be accepted as conclusive, some one ultimately
succeeding where others have repeatedly failed. Then comes some evidence
on the question of the influence of foreign pollen on the period of ripening
of the seeds, the balance of evidence being that some such influence is
exerted, though to what extent is not clear.

THE ORCHID REVIEW 203

The list of generic crosses is very interesting, showing a remarkable
series of successful combinations, which, with other “ partial successes,”
are illustrated by a diagram. The question of prepotency of one parent is
specially considered in this connection, as in the case of Epidendrum
radicans crossed with Sophronitis, Cattleya, and Lelia, all of which most
resemble the reed-like Epidendrum in habit, and of Zygopetalum with
Odontoglossum, Oncidum and Lycaste, in which the former is reproduced
almost unmodified, and the conclusion is reached that it is a case of partial
reversion towards the more ancestral of the two parent genera. The
remark, however, that ‘“‘ Zygopetalum is the common ancestor of Odonto-
glossum, Oncidium and Lycaste,” will probably have to be modified when
the behaviour of the reversed crosses is known.

An interesting summary is given of cases where seed pods were pro-
duced as the result of pollination by various genera without fertilisation
taking place, and even by the mechanical irritation of the stigma without
pollen, and the point is emphasised that the mere swelling of the ovary
and production of a capsule as the result of pollination is no proof that
fertilisation proper has taken place, without which latter good seeds cannot
be produced.

Lastly, the fertility and sterility of hybrids is considered, and it is
shown that, although many hybrid Orchids are almost or quite as fertile as
their parents, there is, in the aggregate, a diminished amount of fertility as
compared with crosses between pure species. This result is obtained from
the examination of the results of numerous experiments made with the
genus Paphiopedium by Mr. Reginald Young, of Liverpool. Out of 577
crosses between 30 distinct species and 53 distinct hybrids, Mr. Young
succeeded during five years in getting 452 pods of good seed, which
represents 78.3 per cent. fertile. When analysed the result comes out as
follows :—

188 sp. X. sp. yielded 179 pods, or 95.2 per cent.

143 hyb. X_ sp. 128, i | OOS 45 3
118 sp, xX hyb -; BF SOF aha
I24 hyb. x hyb. ” 74 ” . 59-7 7 +”

A curious fact comes out in this analysis, namely, that in crossing species
and hybrids together, success is most certain if the hybrid is used as the
seed parent, the chances being as much as 32.8 per cent. in its favour,
which, as Mr. Hurst remarks, represents a loss of power in the male
element of the hybrid, though why this should be so is not easy to explain.

Many of the facts summarised in this most interesting paper have
already appeared in the Review and other papers, their source being
acknowledged by Mr. Hurst, who, in conclusion remarks: ‘‘All these ~
experiments and observations prove to us how important it is for Orchid

204 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

breeders to keep accurate and precise records of the crosses they make
from time to time, the details of which may prove to be of inestimable
value to science.”

The paper is illustrated with several woodcuts of the more remarkable
hybrids, and will doubtles be studied in detail by all who are interested in
the question of hybridisation.

CATTLEYA x PICTURATA.

A very interesting Cattleya has just flowered in the collection of
Eustace F. Clark, Esq., of Teignmouth. It was purchased last autumn
from the Robinow collection as C. intermedia, but on flowering proves
much more like the old C. guttata in shape, and is probably a natural
hybrid between the two. Thus it should agree with C. x scita (Rchb. f. in
Gard. Chron., 1885, xxiv., p. 489), which appeared with Mr. B. S. Williams
in an importation of C. intermedia, and was described as probably a natural
hybrid between it and C. guttata. It had lightest ochre-coloured sepals and
petals, with a few irregular light purple blotches and some similar shading
near the margin. The front lobe of the lip and tips of the side lobes were
purple, and Reichenbach added that there was hardly a doubt as to its
origin. There is a still older C. X picturata (Rchb. f., J.c., 1877, vill.,
p- 584) raised by Mr. Dominy in Messrs. Veitch’s establishment, whose
acknowledged parents are C. guttata and C. intermedia. It is described as
most like the former, the blooms pallid yellow, petals white at the base, and
lip with the front lobe and angles of the side lobes brownish-purple.
Unfortunately the type specimens are inaccessible, but in the absence of
evidence to the contrary we may assume Reichenbach’s views to be correct,
and that Mr. Clark’s plant is a form of the same. The flower is slightly
larger than the old C. guttata, and the petals are narrower, as in C. inter-
media (they measure 20 lines long by 5 broad), and the lip as nearly
intermediate as possible. The sepals and petals are highly suffused with
pink on a yellowish white ground, and each bears a number of
purple spots and splashes, mostly near the apex. The front lobe
of the lip is rose-purple, which colour extends down the centre of the disc,
and is slightly represented on the tips of the side lobes. It is smaller than
C. X intricata, as would naturally be expected. It would be interesting if
some of our hybridists who possess the old C. guttata would repeat the
cross, for the early records are rather doubtful, and the hybrids themselves
appear to have been lost. Its re-appearance as a wild plant is at all events
very interesting.

R. A. ROLFE.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 205

ORCHID CULTURE IN BELGIUM.

“Notes of a British Orchidist in Belgium” would be a more appropriate
heading for the following article, which consists of a series of notes
taken during a visit to Belgium on the occasion of the recent Quinquennial
Exhibition at Ghent. With this explanation, however, the title will serve
its purpose.

An invitation to serve on the Jury of the International Horticultural
Exhibition at Ghent was an honour in itself, and, further, afforded an
opportunity of visiting some of the principal Orchid collections in Belgium
which was not to be lost sight of, and, accordingly, a few days before the
opening of the Exhibition the writer found himself en route to Ostend and
the quaint old town which, every five years, forms the Mecca to which so
many horticulturists from all parts of Europe make their way.

As to the Show itself, we have nothing to add to the report already
given at page 137, but we may remark, in passing, that the Royal
Agricultural and Botanical Society of Ghent are fortunate in possessing
such a suitable building as the Casino in which to hold their exhibitions.
The arrangements generally were very well carried out. The Jury met on
the Friday morning, and, after an address of welcome from the President,
proceeded to their labours. After the judging was completed, the jurors
were invited to luncheon, after which, speeches were made by the President,
Comte de Kerchove, the Minister of Agriculture, the Burgomaster of
Ghent and others, and medals were presented on behalf of the Veitch
Memorial Committee by Dr. Masters to Comte de Kerchove and Mr.
Edouard André.

On Saturday morning, the members of the Jury and representatives of
various horticultural societies were invited to meet the King at eight
o'clock, “‘ evening dress”’ being deemed appropriate to the occasion, and,
after a good look round, His Majesty declared the Show open. A visit to
the winter-garden of the Dowager Countess de Kerchove took place in
the afternoon, and in the evening they attended a raout given by the
Chambre Syndicale des horticulteurs belges.

On Sunday the jurors, by special invitation, attended a garden party
at Laeken given by the King and Queen to the diplomatic body and
nobility, which afforded an opportunity to inspect the fine winter-garden
and part of the collections. On returning from Laeken, the jury proceeded
to the splendid saloon of the Theatre and partook of a sumptuous banquet
given by the Society, at which several State functionaries were present, at
which, after the usual toasts and speeches, jurors of various nationalities
expressed their feelings of gratitude for the hospitality and kindness of our
Belgian friends, The festivities being now completed, the jurors were

206 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

free to follow their own inclinations, which consisted chiefly in visiting
various horticultural establishments, in describing which we shall confine
ourselves strictly to Orchids.

The first establishment visited was that of M. A. Van Imschoot, of
Mont St. Amand, which is remarkable for its representative character and
the large number of botanical rarities it contains. Numerous interesting
things were in flower, but it must be remembered that the pick of the
collection were away at the Show—a group of ninety different kinds—
consequently our notes were less numerous than they would otherwise
have been. Some of those exhibited, however, were here in duplicate,
and we were much interested in looking over a number of those not in
flower, including a few uniques and many which are found in very few
other collections. M. Van Imschoot’s houses are also well adapted to
the purpose, and we saw numerous examples of successful culture.
A plant of Vanilla Pompona, usually cultivated under its later name of
V. lutescens, bearing some of its very fleshy triquetrous fruits, was a very
interesting sight. Epidendrum Pseudepidendrum is very rarely met with,
but its scarlet lip forms a very striking contrast with the rest of the
flower, which is green. Elleanthus capitatus was another rarity in flower,
and near it were several species of Sobralia. A fine specimen of
Grammatophyllum speciosum might also be seen, but this, of course, not
in flower. Showy Orchids included Miltonia vexillaria, Ada aurantiaca,
many different species of Odontoglossum, various Masdevallias, Vandas,
Dendrobiums, Cattleyas, and examples of various other genera which we
have not space to enumerate. Altogether, we retain very pleasant
recollections of the time spent with M. Van Imschoot, who takes the
greatest interest in his collection, and has, moreover, a very useful
library relating to his favourites.

The collection of M. Jules Hye-Leysen is situated in the Coupure,
not far from the Exhibition, though he was not showing there, and
consequently we found a fine display of flowers in his Orchid houses.
The Odontoglossums, to which two houses were devoted, were particularly
good, both as to quality and culture, and among the more striking things
noted we may mention a magnificent form of O. triumphans with a spike
of eleven flowers, a good QO. t. aureum, a brilliant O. Cervantesii roseum,
some excellent examples of O. X Wilckeanum, one of them being very
clear and bright in its colours, O. crispum Wrigleyanum, O. c. Hyeanum,
the richly-coloured O. c. augustum (in bud), an excellent O. xX
macrospilum with a spike of ten flowers, O. x excellens, in short, a
series of excellent examples of all the the typical species of the season.
The Masdevallia house contained some well-cultivated plants, those in
flower including some good examples of M. Veitchiana grandiflora,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 207

M. ignea, and M. Harryana. In the Cattleya house we noted a very
fine and richly coloured C. Schroedere, and examples of other showy
species, Lelia X Latona with two racemes and an aggregate of thirteen
richly coloured flowers, L. purpurata, several good Selenipedium X
Schreedez, a very fine Phaius X Cooksoni with four spikes, two plants of
the handsome Zygopetalum x _ Perrenoudi, Cymbidium Lowianum,
Dendrobium nobile Cooksonianum, and others. Among plants not in
flower, Vanda ccerulea and Arachnanthe Lowii were observed in particularly
healthy condition. Elsewhere we observed Miltonia xX Bleuana with
three superb racemes, some fine M. vexillaria, Cymbidium xX eburneo-
Lowianum, Sophronitis grandiflora, Cypripedium villosum aureum, a
massive C. X giganteum, and numerous others, together with a nice lot
of seedlings to which a small house is largely devoted. The whole
collection is in excellent condition and reflects great credit on M. Caen,
who has charge of it.

In the establishment of M. Louis de Smet we found a good house of
Odontoglossums, consisting largely of O. crispum, of which many were in
flower and bud. Three rows of Cypripedium insigne, with a few C.
villosum in large pots, were arranged along the centre of the house, the
flowers being used for cutting. We also saw some large healthy plants of
Stanhopeas suspended in an ordinary stove, where they are evidently
quite at home.

M. A. Dalliére has also a long house of Cypripedium insigne used for
cutting, and in another house we saw many Cypripediums, including
Exul, Lawrenceanum, barbatum, villosum, also C. X Lathamianum and
other hybrids, together with several Selenipediums and Phalznopses.
A smaller house contained some good Masdevallia ignea, coccinea,
Veitchiana, and other interesting things.

In the establishment of M. Ed. Pynaert van Geert a large number of
good Orchids are grown, and in this case, too, the cream of the collection
was away at the Show, though some still remained. Among numerous
Cypripediums we noticed some good C. Exul, Mastersianum, Rothschild-
ianum, hirsutissimum, villosum, a good form of C. X augustum, C. X
Chamber-Leeanum (described on page 168) and other interesting hybrids.
There were also some good Odontoglossums and Cattleyas, and some
charming plants of the Ancectochilus group, including Macodes Petola, M.
Sanderiana, a fine batch of Hemaria Dawsoniana, M icrostylis Scottii. &c.

A visit to the establishment of M. de Smet-Duvivier proved particularly
interesting, for here we found a very good general collection in excellent
health, but considerations of space only permit us to enumerate a few of
them. One plant of Odontoglossum Pescatorei had a panicle with no less
than ten side branches, and the plants generally were very well grown,

208 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

O. ramosissimum was very interesting and some good forms of O. X
Andersonianum, including the var. Ruckerianum were noted, also O.
crispum with large plump bulbs and strong dark-green foliage. Some good
Oncidium sarcodes and Cattleya Schroedere also attracted our attention.
It was interesting to note that various botanical Orchids were represented as
well as the commoner showy species. A batch of imported Dendrobiums
was noticed, suspended the right way up, and an enquiry elicited the fact
that M. de Smet does not believe in suspending them upside down, which
can do no good in any case, and, owing to the different structure of the
under surface of the leaves may be productive of injury.

Time did not permit us to visit more of the Ghent establishments, in
which we found many features of interest.

(To be continued.)

DENDROBIUM NOBILE VARIEGATED.

Referring to the paragraph on page 178 of your last issue, it may interest
some of your readers to learn that I, too, purchased from Messrs. Cowan &
Co. (the ‘* Liverpool Horticultural Co.”) in May, 1896, a plant of Dendro-
bium nobile, which attracted me by the variegation of its foliage. It
flowered in March, 1897, and again in April last, and my notes record ‘‘a
pretty light variety with round lips.’” The plant is now a respectable sized
one, with two leads (one of these a back growth) and the leaves of both
possess the Draczna-like striping mentioned, but these markings are
always lost during the “resting period,” when the leaves become a uniform
dark green colour.

My plant is evidently a seedling, and not a mere piece of those you have
referred to, for the back bulbs diminish in size down to an inch or so in
length, which points to the conclusion that several plants existed in this
importation, and probably came from one seed pod.

It is curious to speculate what was the parentage which induced this
oddity. Or are the markings the result of environment? If so, it Is
singular that they should persist after this has been changed, and more so
that the growth induced from the back bulbs of my plant (by nicking the
rhizome) should have the same peculiarity.

Liverpool. F. H. Moore.

(Variegation is due to an etiolated or diseased condition of the
chlorophyll in the affected part, and, although it is difficult to suggest what
is the predisposing cause, it is believed to be in some way connected with
defective nutrition, for while usually permanent under the same conditions
it has, in some cases, a tendency to disappear when plants are cultivated
in very rich soils.—ED.]

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 209

DENDROBIUM THYRSIFLORUM.

THE annexed illustration represents a very beautiful specimen of Den-
drobium thyrsiflorum from the collection of Walter C. Clarke, Esq.,
Orleans House, Sefton Park, Liverpool, and is reproduced from a
photograph sent by Mr. Clarke. How many racemes it bears we have no
record, and probably larger plants exist, but it affords an example of
what the species is capable of when well grown, and any one can imagine
the effect produced by such a specimen, the graceful racemes of white
flowers being set off to such advantage by the deep golden-yellow lips.

Fic. 7. DENDROBIUM THYRSIFLORUM.

This species seems particularly well adapted for specimen plants, as, with
ordinary care, it goes on increasing from year to year, and flowers profusely
in the spring—the only drawback it possesses is that the flowers do not last
as long as those of several other species. It isa native of Burma, including
the Shan States, and is most nearly allied to the Himalayan D.
densiflorum, which may be distinguished by its rather dwarfer habit

and the yellow sepals and petals,

210 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

WE are now reaching the dullest time of the year in our Orchid houses,
which, however, does not mean that we are without flowers, but that the
number of species showing their spikes is gradually growing smaller, for in -
a general collection, where careful selection has been made in regard to
obtaining a constant floral succession, several interesting and showy species
will decorate our houses during the present month.

The Cool house still possesses some of its summer stars, amongst which
must be mentioned all those beautiful hybrid Disas which have come to the
front during recent years, as well as their parent species. D. grandiflora is
always a little later than the others, but will now soon be opened. The old
Calanthe X Dominii is showing its last flowers after being in bloom for
over ten weeks. A few late Miltonia vexillaria are still in flower. Oncidium
crispum seems to flower at various seasons, and is now beginning to open.
Sobralia macrantha and xantholeuca are opening their last flowers. A few
Masdevallias are also still in flower, as M. peristeria with its curious greenish
densely spotted flowers, the beautiful M. Veitchiana grandiflora, and M. X
Pourbaixii, the latter a very floriferous hybrid. The brilliant cede ma
x Veitchii is also flowering. very freely.

Amongst species showing for flower we may mention Dendrobium
suavissimum, a few Odontoglossum Wallisii, and some late Epidendrum
vitellinum. ar

The Intermediate department is still gaily decorated with Cattleya
Forbesii, Schilleriana, the pretty little C. Aclandiz, as well as the showy
Lelia tenebrosa, and late examples of other showy species.

A few Epidendrums will also remain in flower part of the month.
Several summer blooming plants are also promising as Calanthe Laucheana,
a pretty free-growing kind. Cattleya Leopoldi and the beautiful C. Rex.
Epidendrums will be represented by the well known E. radiatum and
nemorale, and amongst Miltonias M. festiva and flavescens are pushing
up rather quickly. Oncidiums will be represented by O. obryzatum,
incurvum, Schlimi, Wentworthianum and others. Stanhopea Haseloviana,
inodora, and several others will also flower before the end of the month.

Passing to the Warm house, a few more Cypripediums are in flower,
amongst which C. Curtisii, Parishil, victorie#-Mariz, superbiens, Stonei,
and several hybrids are very effective. In full bloom is the big Dendrobium
moschatum, also the showy Sobralia sessilis and Lowii, the flowers of which
unfortunately do not last long enough. A few more Vanda tricolor, suavis
and teres will remain in flower. Here only a few plants are pushing forth
their buds, amongst them the lovely Phalenopsis violacea, which is now
opening, Dendrobiums aduncum and hercoglossum, and before concluding

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 217

we must not omit to mention the fine Galeandra Batemanii which always
remains in flower for several weeks, and Grammatophyllum Rumphianum,
whose long racemes also remain fresh for a long period.

ODONTO.

DENDROBIUM x RADIANS.

A veERY striking Dendrobium was exhibited by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.,
at the recent Temple Show, which came in a batch of D. Lown from
Borneo, and was not noticed as being different until the flowers expanded.
They then proved to be white, with a deep cinnabar-orange blotch at the
base of the front lobe of the lip, and several similar lines extending down
the disc, also a large blotch of the same colour at the base of the column.
The stalk of the front lobe of the lip is also much broader, and the hairs
are nearly obsolete, though not quite so, as may be seen when examined
under the lens. On looking the matter up, I believe it agrees with Dendro-
bium radians, Rchb. f. (Xen. Orch. i. p. 130, t. 146, fig. 1 and 2), described
and figured from a Bornean plant which flowered with the same firm in
May, 1863, and seems to have been immediately afterwards lost sight of.
There is also a D. erythropogon, Rchb. f. (in Gard. Chron., 1885, xxiv, p.
198), which, from the description, I believe is a form of the same. It also
appeared among plants of D. Lowii in the same establishment, and agrees
with that species in habit, though differing in the colour and details of the
flower. Reichenbach, when describing it, suggested that it might be a
natural hybrid, without further suggestions as to the parentage. I find
there is a Bornean species, D. sculptum, Rchb. f. (Bot. Zett., 1863, p. 128 ;
Xen. Orch., ii, p. 131, t. 146, fig. 4-7), which flowered with Messrs. Hugh
Low & Co., in 1863, and presumably came home in the same importation
as D. radians. It belongs to the same section as D. Lowii, and has white
flowers with a nearly round orange blotch on the centre of the lip. This
and D. Lowii I believe to have been the parents of D. xX radians, for the
flowers of the latter are as nearly intermediate as they can well be, even
the markings on the disc seem to be a compromise between the orange
blotch of the one and the redish keels of the other. D. erythropogon,
which I rank as a variety of D. radians, had pale whitish ochre flowers, and
the two outer of the seven reddish-orange lines on the disc bore some short
hairs, as in the recent examples. It may be a long time before this pretty
little plant is obtained artificially—I do not even know if D. sculptum is
still in cultivation—but if any one has an opportunity of making the cross
I hope they will not fail to utilise it. Its re-appearance is certainly

interesting. " .
. A. ROLFE,

212 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JULY.

By H. A. BURBERRY, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

WE must make the best use of the summer weather, so that our Orchids
may grow freely while we have the means at hand to enable them to do so.
Do not starve them for want of moisture ; at the same time give them
plenty of light and sun by removing the blinds as early as all danger of
burning or scalding is past, and give enough air to keep the atmosphere
fresh and pure. It will now be undesirable to make a wide difference
between the temperature of the Cattleya, Lelia, and East Indian Houses.
If, however, many of the cooler growing Orchids, such as Odontoglossums,
Oncidiums, Cypripediums, Masdevallias, &c., are growing with the Cattleyas
and Lelias, then of course it is most desirable that a difference in the
temperature should be effected, in order to suit the better the last-named
species. | Many growers are doubtless inconvenienced in this respect, their
love for Orchids causing them to get a large number of various species
together, which must necessarily grow together in the same compartment
owing to want of room.

It is in such instances where the cool pit, or frame, having a northern
aspect, is of immense value to them; because then their cool Orchids
proper may be placed there as soon as the summer weather has
become somewhat settled, which this year was rather late. No doubt
there are many species which delight in the frame treatment during the
summer months; that is, supposing they are properly shaded from the hot
sunshine and other due attention given. The frame should be raised
sufficiently high to allow of a temporary stage being placed therein, a foot or
so from the ground floor, on which to stand the pots. There are a large
number of Orchids that may be so grown during summer, comprising the
whole of those species commonly known as Cool house Orchids.

The East Indian house Orchids are now doing their best, the warm
weather of the last few weeks being greatly appreciated by them. The
Phalznopsis are bristling with new roots. It is quite useless to try to
confine the roots of these and other such air-rooting Orchids to the basket
or pot in which they grow. In fact, to attempt to do so results more
often than not in the deterioration of the plants: they resent too much
meddling with. All that Phalenopsis require—together with Vandas
Saccolabiums, Aérides and Angrecums—is to be made secure in some kind
of receptacle, either for suspending or standing on the stages, as the case
may demand, after which the roots should very rarely be disturbed, but
allowed to ramble about at their own sweet will, keeping them more or less
supplied with moisture, in accordance with the season of the year, by
syringing them with tepid water.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 213

The Dendrobiums are also making good growth. If the house is well
ventilated, it isa good plan to give them a good syringing two or three
times daily on all bright hot days. It is well, however, to use some care
when syringing amongst these plants, as there are generally some few that
give more or less trouble by the new growths damping off. Especially is
this the case if they have been recently re-potted, and received too much
water before again well established with new roots. Dendrobium Bensone isa
great offender in this respect, but I have also had others damp off in the same
way, including D. aureum, D. nobile, D. crepidatum, D. cretaceum, and occa-
sionally some few others, in fact all are liable in a more or less degree. Witha
house of Dendrobiums some mishaps of this kind are almost sure to happen ;
no matter how careful the operator is regarding the water lodging in the new
growths, he never gets through the season without losing afew. I believe
that the mere fact of water lodging in the new growth is not a sufficient
cause for damping, as it is perfectly natural for it to do so. In their native
habitats they are frequently, if not continually, drenched with water during
their growing or summer season. In my opinion a close, stuffy, night
temperature, which may likewise descend to a rather low figure before the
morning, is the primary cause. I find it much the safer way at this time
of the year, when Dendrobiums are growing and naturally somewhat tender,
to have a slight warmth in the pipes, so that a little ventilation can always
be left on all night as well as day.

Chysis, Catasetums, Mormodes, Coryanthes, and Cycnoches require
exactly similar treatment to the Dendrobiums. Care must be taken not to
over-water these specimens at the root; they are better if allowed to get
quite dry before being dipped, except the first-named genus which is fond of
liberal supplies when growing. The new tender growths of the above
species are apt to damp off exactly in the same manner as the Dendrobiums,
and from exactly the same causes. It is much the better way to grow these
Orchids in baskets or pans suspended from the roof.

Other species requiring Dendrobium treatment are Bulbophyllums,
Cirrhopetalums, Aganisias, Cyrtopodiums, and Spathoglottis. The first-
named three are likewise best grown in baskets and pans, and suspended,
whilst the last two may be grown in pots or pans on the stages.

Calanthes (deciduous) are also warm growing Orchids, and much water
either to the roots or on the foliage is distasteful to them. They are better
provided for if placed together at one end of the house, or on a shelf by
themselves; they can then be watered sparingly, and the syringe can be
better kept off them.

Then there are the evergreen Calanthes, and these don’t seem quite so
popular as they used to be. They are nevertheless very pretty and when
well-grown are very effective, their tall, many-flowered spikes of neat white

214 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

or lilac flowers towering above the handsome foliage are refreshing to see.

The two best species are probably C. veratrifolia and C. masuca, w hilst
the best hybrid is probably C. X Dominii. They may by grown well,

treated either as Warm house or Intermediate house Orchids, and thrive
best if potted in a mixture of sandy loam and leaf-soil. They are summer
flowering kinds, and, when large, make grand plants for exhibition purposes.

Being evergreen and bulbless, they consequently do not require a period of
rest like the deciduous kinds, but are always in a more or less growing con-
dition.

Not so with the Coelogynes, which are now growing apace. The members
of this genus, although they do tolerably well in almost any temperature,
are really better cultivated if given a good amount of warmth with air and
light; they are also fond of copious supplies of water during the summer
months. In fact their cultivation more closely resembles that of the Den-
drobiums, only that the former, seeming more hardy, will take larger supplies
of air and water with greater impunity. They all delight in drought when
resting.

If there are any species of Cattleya remaining to be re-potted this season
they should be now done as quickly as is convenient. In fact it is now too
late to disturb such early flowering kinds as C. Triane and C. chocoensis,
which are already halfway through their growing season. Soon we may
re-pot C. Warneri, C. Warscewiczii (gigas), Lelia purpurata, and 1 Bs
tenebrosa, taking them in hand as they pass out of bloom and commence to
emit new roots from the base. Never disturb a Cattleya or Lelia for pur-
poses of re-potting unless it is absolutely necessary—which is not until the
new growths have reached the rim and are growing and rooting over the
sides of the pot. When re-potting is really necessary, do it with as great
care as possible, so as to cause the least check. However careful one may
be, a check is the inevitable result, therefore it is always wise to keep them
pretty shady and moist by occasionally spraying for a week or two after the
operation, to induce the roots to recover and take hold of the new compost
without loss of foliage. In the case of C. Warscewiczii this spraying must,
of course, not be continued very long, because it is a species so susceptible
to throwing the second break, which must always. be avoided if possible.
To do this, as soon as ever the roots are seen to be growing nicely, the
plants should be removed to a more airy house, such, for instance, as a
_ vinery, taking care, however, to still shade the newly potted ones for some
time to come, or undue shrivelling and loss of foliage might occur. The
majority of the other species of Cattleya and Lelia will be now actively
growing, and should have their wants well attended to by spraying them
_ occasionally, especially early mornings and again in the afternoon, when

a the shading is s removed and ventilation reduced.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 215

I mentioned the frame system of cultivation as a means whereby the
cooler Orchids may be separated from the warmer during summer, thus
giving both a better opportunity to have their requirements more strictly
and better catered for. But where a house exists which is kept solely for
the benefit of the cool Orchids proper, there is but little doubt that
it is far and away better than the frame. Such a house must
now be kept as cool and as moist as possible, giving an abundance
of air, especially during the night time, and keep it well shaded from the
hot sun during the day. A few cool growing Lelias do well in this house,
such as L. harpophylla and monophylla. Many of the Oncidiums also
enjoy it, such as O. tigrinum, unguiculatum, superbiens, aurosum, concolor,
cheirophorum (during summer only), Cavendishianum, pretextum, Phalz-
nopsis (during summer only), ornithorrhynchum, Forbesii, crispum,
Gardnerianum, Gravesianum, hastatum, dasytyle, curtum, cucullatum,
incurvum, loxense, macranthum, Marshallianum, zebrinum, varicosum,
serratum, and spilopterum (Saintlegerianum). Also, as is well known, most
of the Odontoglossums are best suited in this house. Such genera also as
Masdevallia, Sophronitis, Pleione, some of the Zygopetalums, including
Z. Mackayi, Trichosma suavis, Restrepias, Ornithidium Sophronitis, do
well here. The latter is a pretty little Orchid when flowered well, but to
do so it requires to be left to grow “ wild” as it were, and ramble over the
sides of the basket. All the Miltonias also grow well cool during the
summer, together with Maxillaria grandiflora, M. picta, and M. venusta.
Many Lycastes also do well here, including L. Skinneri, aromatica, cruenta,
costata, Deppei, fulvescens and Lawrenceana. Some of the Epidendrums
do better here, such as E. vitellinum and E. Wallisii, also a few Dendro-
biums, such as D. speciosum, D. s. Hillii, D. infundibulum, D. Jamesianum,
D. japonicum, and D. Falconeri, together with many Cypripediums,
including such well-known species as C. insigne, Boxallii, Spicerianum,
Charlesworthii, venustum, and villosum, in addition to the great number
of hybrids resulting from these parents. Then there is Colax jugosus, an
extremely pretty Orchid when well-grown and flowered; also many
Cymbidiums, including C. Lowii, eburneum, giganteum, and Mastersii, the
Auguloas, and Ada aurantiaca. Those plants which require a little more
heat during the autumn and winter, should be removed to the Intermediate
house when the cold weather approaches.

Odontoglossum Schlieperianum, which is of the O. grande section, is just
now flowering, and will at once commence making growth. It grows fairly
well cool, but is better in the end for intermediate temperature, especially
during the cooler half of the year.

216 THE ORCHID REVIEW,

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND
ORCHID SOCIETY,

MEETING at the Coal Exchange on the 16th June. Present: Messrs.
Thompson (in the chair), Shorland Ball, Warburton, Gratrix, Weathers,
Bolton, Leemann, Holmes, and Mills (hon. secretary).

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Hay), showed Zygopetalum
Ballii (Rolfe), a handsome new species allied to Z. rostratum, but with
differently shaped flowers much brighter in colour (First-class Certificate).
Also two magnificent plants of Dendrobium Falconeri, each of which had
upwards of 360 blooms expanded, and each obtained a Cultural Certifi-
cate. The same exhibitor also staged an effective group of miscellaneous
Orchids, which received a Vote of Thanks.

John Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Cattleya
Mossiz grandiflora, C. M. chrysotoxa, very distinct ane pretty, C. M. Mrs.
E. Ashworth, C. M. formosa, C. M. Reineckeana (so entered but showing
some pink in the petals and sepals), C. Mendelii (Award of Merit),
Cypripedium X Goweri (Award of Merit), C. Curtisii giganteum, Odonto-
glossum crispum (Award of Merit), O. c. grandiflorum, excellent in form and
substance and a very large flower, in colour nearly white (Award of
Merit), O. c. fastuosum, O. x Wilckeanum nobilior (Award of Merit), O.
polyxanthum, and Lelio-cattleya XX Canhamiana, very fine (Award of
Merit). This exhibitor also staged a splendid group of Orchids containing
many other good things besides those mentioned above, a Silver Medal
being awarded to the group.

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), showed Cattleya
Mendelii Aurora, Leelio-cattleya x Lady Wigan, L.-c. x Iolanthe, L.-c.
x Bertie Warburton, exceptionally fine (First-class Certificate), Lelia
purpurata fastuosa (Award of Merit), L. p. Backhouseana (Award of
Merit), Odontoglossum luteopurpureum Vuylstekeanum _ (First-class
Certificate), and O. X excellens Thompsoni (Award of Merit). The
same exhibitor also received a Silver Medal for a very striking group.

Duncan Gilmour, Esq., Sheffield (gr. Mr. Day), showed Cattleya Mossiz
Wageneri (First-class Certificate), C. M. Joan of Arc (Award of Merit),
C. M. amabilis, C. M. Reineckeana, C. M. superba, and C. M. Sunset.

W. Bolton, Esq., Warrington (gr. Mr. Cain), showed Odontoglossum
crispum, O. X mulus, Cattleya Mendelii, C. M. Boltoni (Award of Merit),
C. Mossiz Rappartiana (First-class Certificate), C. M. Mrs. Bolton
(Award of Merit), and C. Warscewiczii (gigas).

Thomas Walker, Esq., Bolton (gr. Mr. Barclay), showed Odonto-
glossum nebulosum very heavily marked with exceptionally dark and
large spots.

THE ORCHID REVIEW 217

H. Shaw, Esq., Birch Vale (gr. Mr. Cliffe), showed Odontoglossum
crispum and Dendrobium primulinum.

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed
Cypripedium Lawrenceanum Gratrixianum, a new albino form, very much
in the way of Hyeanum, but showing some red in the petals and a flush of
the same colour over the pouch, but with the typical Lawrenceanum
spots on the petals entirely suppressed ‘Award of Merit), and Cattleya
Mossiz M. Cahuzac (Award of Merit).

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed Cypripedium xX
‘macropterum, C. Curtisii, and a very good form of C. bellatulum.

‘Samuel Hinchliffe, Esq., Altrincham (gr. Mr. Morton), showed a cut
bloom of an immense form of Dendrobium Dalhousieanum, which received
a Vote of Thanks.

Messrs. Stanley Mobbs and Ashton, of Southgate, showed a very fine
collection of cut blooms, which received a Vote of Thanks. They also sent
Cattleya Mossiz Sir Thomas Lipton (Award of Merit), and Cypripedium
x Olenus Sir Thomas Lipton.

Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, showed Lelio-cattleya X Duke
of York, a very fine cross between Lelio-cattleya X elegans and Cattleya
x Brymeriana (First-class Certificate), and Lelio-cattleya x Lily
Measures.

John Robson, Altrincham, showed a good Odontoglossum
crispum.

Messrs. Linden, Brussels, showed Odontoglossum crispum Morning
Star, a very beautiful and distinct form (First-class Certificate), O. c. Le
Czar (Award of Merit), and O. c. Dallemagnez (Award of Merit).

At the Meeting held on June 3oth, 1898, the following members were
present :—Messrs. W. Thompson (in the chair), G. Shorland Ball,
Hodgkinson, Greenwood, Leemann, Bolton, Backhouse, Cypher, Stevens,
Johnson. and Mills (hon. sec.).

D. B. Rappart, Esq., Liscard (gr. Mr. Nicholson), showed a very fine
plant of Cattleya Gaskelliana alba, which received a First-class Certificate.

S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed Cattleya
Mossiz Wageneri, with small flower, and the Committee expressed a
desire.to see the plant again when stronger. C. M. Reineckeana (Award of
Merit) and Lelia tenebrosa, with excellent dark lip, but a little weak in
the sepals and petals (Award of Merit).

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), showed Léeelio-
cattleya xX Fire King, a magnificent form (First-class Certificate),
Cypripedium X Gertrude Hollington, one of the largest flowers of this
variety we have seen (First-class Certificate), and Odontoglossum crispum
Marianne (Award of Merit).

218 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed Cypripedium
bellatulum album (First-class Certificate).

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Leelio-
cattleya x Arnoldiana, vey fine (First-class Certificate), Odontoglossum
Pescatorei album (Award of Merit), Cattleya Mendelii, Odontoglossum
crispum, Cypripedium X T. W. Bond, C. x conco-bellatulum, C.
Hookere Volonteanum, and Lelia tenebrosa.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed a very
good form of Cypripedium conco-bellatulum (Award of Merit), and Leelia
stellata (Laelia harpophylla x tenebrosa).

Wm. Bolton, Esq., Warrington (gr. Mr. Cain), showed Lelia tenebrosa,
Cattleya Warscewiczii gigantea, a very fine flower (Award of Merit), C
Mossiz, and C. species, a very curious flower, half of which was pink -
the other half a rather dark red, slightly mottled in some parts. The
flower appeared very much like a Mossiz, and the curious colouring may
not be constant. The same exhibitor also showed two plants of Odonto-
glossum crispum, both spotted varieties, one of which obtained an Award
of Merit. ;

W. H. Almond, Esq., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Hurst), showed Cattleya
Mossiz and C. M. Ernestii.

Mr. Thomas Holden, Royton, showed Cattleya Mendel.

- Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham, showed Cattieya Mossiz delicatissima
(Award of Merit), C. Warneri, a very good form, Thunia Winniana
(Award of Merit), an Odontoglossum called O. maculatum X cordatum
(Award of Merit), and Dendrobium Bensonz majus.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THERE was a very good display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James Street,
Westminster, on June 14th, the first meeting since the Temple Show, when
the following members of the Orchid Committee were present :—H. J.
Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), T. W. Bond,
R. Brooman-White, H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, S. Courtauld, De Barri
Crawshay, J. Douglas, J. G. Fowler, J. T. Gabriel, E. Handlay, E. Hill,
H. Little, H. M. Pollett, A. H. Smee, C. Winn, and W. H. Young.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Dorking (gr. Mr. White), staged a small
group of choice things, including Geodorum Augusti, the handsome Disa x
kewensis, Bulbophyllum saltatorium (Botanical Certificate), B. Lobbii,
Burford var., with brighter-coloured flowers than the type (Botanical
_ Certificate) Odontoglossum crispum, O. Xx elegantius Baroness Schroder
(Award of Merit), a fine Dendrobium Bensonz with a pseudobulb bearing

i

2:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 219

eighteen fine fascicles and an aggregate of thirty-nine flowers, to which
a Cultural Commendation was given, D. Phalznopsis amabilis, D. x
polyphlebium, &c.

Sir F. Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), staged a
small and choice group, comprising Lelio-cattleya x Canhamiana, L.-c. X
superbo-elegans, L.-c. X Arnoldiana, Cattleya Mossiz very well flowered,
C. M. maxima, Lelia tenebrosa, Cymbidium tigrinum with three racemes
and six flowers, Miltonia vexillaria Constance Wigan, a fine light variety,
and a fine plant of Scuticaria Hadwenii, with six flowers, to which an
Award of Merit was given.

Messrs. Rothschild, Gunnersbury House, Acton (gr. Mr. Hudson),
exhibited a noble specimen of Lzlia purpurata bearing ten racemes and an
aggregate of thitty-two flowers, to which a silver Banksian Medal was given
for good culture. The plant was originally purchased by Mr. Hudson’s
father in 186r.

Mr. J. O’Brien, Harrow-on-the-Hill, exhibited Masdevallia angulata,
Rchb. f., a rare species allied to M. Mooreana, to which a Botanical
Certificate was given.

G. H. Bird, Esq., Manor House, West Wickham (gr. Mr. Reddan), sent
Odontoglossum crispum Bonnyanum.

J. Bradshaw, Esq , The Grange, Southgate, exhibited a small group,
consisting of Odontoglossum crispum, O. maculatum, Cattleya Mossiz
Reineckeana, and others, Lelia tenebrosa, Lelio-cattleya XX Arnoldiana
and L.-c. x Aphrodite.

De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), sent a
large dark form of Lelia purpurata, also L. p. Mrs. De B. Crawshaw, white
with a purple zone round the throat, and Cattleya Mendelii.

H. Druce, Esq., Circus Road, St. John’s Wood (gr. Mr. Walker),
exhibited Cypripedium bellatulum and three pretty little hybrids, one from
C. niveum and two from C. concolor, in each case C. bellatulum being the
pollen parent.

A. Hay, Esq., sent a fine Cattleya Warscewiczii.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr.
Chapman), received an Award of Merit for Lelia purpurata Ernestii, a
pretty white form with a pale rosy zone round the throat.

A. H. Wilton, Esq., Castleton House, Clifton, showed a finely-flowered
Cattleya Mossiz.

Mrs. Wingfield, Ampthill (gr. Mr. Empson), showed a form of Cattleya
Mossiz with curiously splashed flowers.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, exhibited a choice and very
effective group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained

- half-a-dozen plants of Lzlio-cattleya x Hippolyta, one clear orange-yellow

220 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

form, called var. aurantiaca, receiving an Award of Merit, L.-c. x Eudora
splendens (First-class Certificate), L.-c. X E. alba, L.-c. x Canhamiana
superba (Award of Merit), Cattleya x Gertrude (superba 2? X Mossie ¢),
C. Mossiz Reineckeana, C. X CEnone (Mossie X labiata), Epidendrum X
radico-vitellinum, this time with the petals normally developed, } eee 4
radicanti-Stamfordianum (Stamfordianum 2 X radicans 3), Epicattleya
radiato-Bowringiana (C. Bowringiana ? X E. radiatum ¢@) with purple
flowers, a fine Epiphronitis X Veitchii with nine spikes, Disa x langley-
ensis, a fine D. X Veitchu, Trichopilia suavis alba, &c.

Messrs. Stanley Mobbs and Ashton, Southgate. also received a Silver
Flora Medal. for a very fine group, containing Lelia tenebrosa, some
good L. purpurata, a fine series of Cattleya Mossia, among which the
varieties Wageneri and Madonna were conspicuous, the latter receiving an
Award of Merit, Angraecum arcuatum, Epidendrum hastatum, Cypripedium
xX Rossii, C. x Evenor Southgate variety, C. Dayanum, C. Rothschild-
ianum, a pale variety of C. X Olenus called Sir Thomas Lipton, derived
from C. ciliolare and C. bellatulum album, Phalenopsis amabilis, Den-
drobium Victoria-Regine, Odontoglossum citrosmum roseum, Oncidium
hastatum, &c.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, showed Odonto-
glossum crispum Prince of Wales, a remarkable variety, to which both a
First-class Certificate and a Cultural Commendation were given. The
flowers measured 4} by 4} inches, and the lip was 1} inches broad, the
colour being white, with a slight pink stain on the broad sepals, and about
three light cinnamon spots in front of the crest of the lip. There were 12
bulbs of enormous size, and four leads, and the plant has taken about 11
years to reach the flowering stage. It is the most robust example of the
species we have ever seen.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, exhibited a small and choice group,
containing three plants of the pretty Thunia x Veitchii inversa, Sobralia
xX Veitchii, S. x Amesiz, S. xantholeuca, Lzlio-cattleya x Lily Measures
(L.-c. X Arnoldiana 2? X L.-c. X Gottoiana ¢), and the handsome L.-c.
x Duke of York (L.-c. x elegans 2 xX Cattleya X Brymeriana ¢) with
bright rose-purple flowers, the latter receiving a First-class Certificate.

Messrs. Linden, L’ Horticulture Internationale, Brussels, exhibited the
pretty Eulophia guineensis, and three good forms of Odontoglossum

crispum.
Messrs. J. McBean & Sons, Cooksbridge, Sussex, showed a good group
of Odontoglossum crispum, containing about 18 plants.

Mr. J. W. Moore, Eldon Place Nursery, Bradford, showed a small plant
of the rare Vanda pumila.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 221

LECTURE ON Hyprip ORCHIDS.

The subject of the afternoon lecture was ‘Hybrid Orchids,” by
Mr. J. O’Brien, the chair being taken by Dr. Masters. The lecturer
commenced by alluding to previous papers on the same subject given by
Mr. Harry Veitch and Mr. C. C. Hurst, and therefore prepared to treat the
subject entirely from a cultural standpoint. He claimed that the hybridist
had raised a large number of showy kinds that bloom at all seasons of the
year. Not only had many hybrids been raised which cannot occur ina
wild state, but by inducing plants to bloom out of their proper season the
hybridist was enabled to cross species that bloomed at different seasons of
the year. Thus, in addition to modifications of form and new tints of
colour, he also obtained plants that bloom between seasons—a very decided
advantage.

Hybridisation, however, had not been an unmixed blessing, for, among
Cypripediums, especially, there were many that could only be described as
“weeds,” and he advised raisers to use care in selecting seedlings for
distribution. He also made some allusion to self-fertilisation, which he
thought was only provided by Nature as a last resource, and to the fact
that mechanical irritation of the stigmatic surface had in some cases induced
the swelling of capsules, which, however, contained no perfect seed.

Coming to the work of hybridising, the lecturer remarked that Orchid
raisers had two disadvantages. They frequently sowed seeds which he
believed were incapable of germination, and there were our long sunless
winters. Still, he thought that a larger proportion of the seed sown yielded
plants than was the case in a wild state. Some species seemed to resist
every attempt to hybridise them, as Lelia Digbyana.

Seeds should be sown as soon as ripe, for the risk of sowing was less
than of keeping them, even in winter. As to the best medium for sowing
the seeds on, many substances had been tried, but Mr. Seden had found
nothing possessing greater advantages than the surface of the compost in
which a healthy plant of the parent species was growing. One suspended
near the glass should be selected, on which the seed should be sown thinly,
and great care should be taken that it was not washed away or even
disturbed.

A fruitful cause of failure was the growth of moss or other low vegetable
life over the compost, which latter should therefore be sterilised by hot
water before the young seedlings were pricked off into it. They should be
pricked off into small pots as early as possible.

Ventilation meeded great care, especially in spring. when the top should
be kept closed or as nearly so as possible. He thought a foot swing
ventilator at either end of the house was sufficient.

222 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A discussion followed, in which Mr. C. C. Hurst, Mr. De B. Crawshay,
Mr. R. A. Rolfe, and Dr. Masters successively took part, and a cordial vote
of thanks was accorded to the lecturer.

At the meeting held on June 28th, there was again a very good display,
and three fine novelties gained the award of a First-class Certificate, two of -
them being hybrid Cypripediums. The members of the Committee present
were :—-H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.),
W. Cobb, S. Courtauld, De B. Crawshay, J. G. Fowler, T. B. Haywood, E.
Hill, J. Jacques, H. Little, H. M. Pollett, F. Sander, A. H. Smee, H. Wil-
liams, and W. H. Young.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
White), staged a small but very interesting group, containing the handsome
Habenaria rhodochila, Microstylis bella, the rare Mesdevallia Barleana,
varieties of Lzelia tenebrosa, a fine inflorescence of Cattleya Warscewiczii
bearing seven flowers, a fine form of Odontoglossum X excellens, and Stan-
hopea Rodigasiana, a striking novelty to which a First-class Certificate was
given. The flowers were borne singly on long pendulous peduncles, and
were speckled with dull purple on a cream white ground.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), exhibited
Sobralia xX Veitchii aurea, much more yellow than the type, 5S.
xantholeuca, and a supposed natural hybrid from it called S. x Wiganie,
bearing large soft yellow flowers tinged with rose, and a handsome variety
of Lzlio-cattleya x Canhamiana called Joyce Wigan, with delicately tinged
and veined sepals and petals, and very richly coloured lip, to which an Award
of Merit was given.

De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), showed a
fine variety of Odontoglossum x excellens called Mrs. De B. Crawshay,
most resembling O. triumphans in shape and colour.

W. A. Gillett, Esq., Fair Oak Lodge, Bishopstoke, Hants (gr. Mr. Carr),
showed a very fine form of Lelia purpurata.

The Rev. E. Hanley, Royal Crescent, Bath, sent good flowers of Cattleya
Mossiz Wageneri.

T. McMeeking, Esq., Falkland Park, South Norwood (gr. Mr. Wright),
showed a very fine Cypripedium Rothschildianum.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, sent three distinct
forms of Masdevallia Chimera.

Leopold de Rothschild, Esq.,Gunnersbury House, Acton (gr. Mr. Hudson),
exhibited Mormodes pardinum unicolor, a clear yellow variety.

tei WwW, Swinburne, Esq., Corndean Hall, Winchcombe, sent two fine

lowers of Sophronitis grandiflora, one, called gigantea, being 3} inches

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 223

F. P. White, Esq., The Willows, Wargrave, Twyford (gr. Mr. Pope),
showed Cattleya guttata bearing a spike of thirty-two flowers.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, stayed a very fine group, to which
a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained some fine forms of Cattleya
Mossiz, Mendelii, Warscewiczii and other species, C. X Gertrude (superba
x Mossie) C. x Harold var. Clarissa (Gaskelliana X Warscewiczii), C X
Adela (Trianz ? X Percivaliana ¢), a handsome hybrid with lilac-rose
sepals and petals and a dark richly-coloured lip (Award of Merit), Lelia x
Stella, some good L. purpurata, Lelio-cattleya x Hippolyta aurantiaca,
some fine L.-c X Canhamiana, Epiphronitis x Veitchii, some good pans of
Disa xX Veitchii, Cypripedium X Euryale and others, a fine plant of
Phalenopsis x Luedde-violacea, Vanda cristata superba, Phaius bicolor
purpurescens, &c.

Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Bush Hill Park, also received a Silver
Flora Medal for a very fine group, containing a superb Cattleya Mossize
Reineckeana and other fine Cattlayas, Epidendrum prismatocarpum with
four fine spikes, some good forms of Lelia tenebrosa and Oncidium crispum,
O. macranthum, O. pulchellum, Cypripedium xX T. B. Haywood, a fine
dark C. Lawrenceanum, &c. Two splendid novelties, each of which
received a First-class Certificate, were Cypripedium X Mrs. Reginald
Young (Lowii X Sanderianum) and C. xX T’Ansoni(X Morgani# X Roths-
childianum). :

Messrs. Stanley Mobbs and Ashton, Southgate, received a Silver Bank-
sian Medal for a fine group, containing some good Cattleya Mossiz, Schil-
leriana, and others, Lela tenebrosa and purpurata, a fine dark Stanhopea
tigrina, Lycaste Deppei virens with the sepals wholly green, Mormodes
pardinum unicolor, Chysis aurea, iene Papilio, spilopterum and
Lanceanum, a fine Odontogl purp , Miltonia vexillaria, and
other good things. .

Messrs. B. S. Williams and Son. Upper Holloway, also received a Silver
Banksian Medal for a good group, containing Thunia Marshalliana, some
good forms of Lelia tenebrosa, the handsome Pescatorea Lehmanni,
Aérides expansum, Cattleya X Breautiana, Cypripedium xX Lebaudyanum,
C. X Harrisianum superbum, and other Cypripediums.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.
ACERAS BoLLeana, Siehe.—Gard. Chron., June 11, p. 365, fig. 138.
BrassavoLa (Lelia) DicByANA.—Monit. d Hort., June 10, p. 126, with
plate, fig. 1.
CATTLEYA MENDELII OAKES AMES.—Journ. of Hort., June 23, pp. 515,
521, fig. 97-

224 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CaTTLEYA Mossi (three-lipped).—Gard. World, June 18, p. 665, with
fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM X EVvENOR SOUTHGATE VAR.—Gard. World, June 4, p.
635, with fig.

DENDROBIUM NOBILE (specimen plant).—Gard. Chron., June 4, pp.
340, 341, fig. 130. .

EPICATTLEYA X RADIATO-BOWRINGIANA.—Gard. Mag., June 18, p. 385
with fig. ; Gard. Chron., June 25, p. 391, fig. 146.

EULOPHIELLA PEETERSIANA.—Gard. Mag., June 11, p. 371, with fig.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X DicByaNna-TRIANE.—Monit d’Hort., June ro, p.
127, with plate, fig. 2.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X HippoLtyta DuLcoTE vaR.—Gard. Mag., June 18,
PP- 390, 391, with fig.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X INTERMEDIO-FLAVA GOLDEN QUEEN (‘‘ Golden
Gem,” by error).—Journ. of Hort., June 16, P- 499, fig. 94.

ODONTOGLOssUM X ADRIAN VENUSTUM.—Gard. Mag., June 4, p. 357,
with fig.; Journ. of Hort., June 9, p. 477, fig. 89.

OponToGLossum X CRISPO-HARRYANUM.—Gard. Mag., June 4, p. 356,
with fig.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM PRINCE OF WALES.—Gard. Chron. June 25.
P- 390, fig. 145; Journ. Hort., June 30, p. 533, fig. 102.

ORCHIS FOLIOSA.—Garden, June 18, PP- 514, 515, with fig.

ORCHIS LATIFOLIA.—Garden, June 18, PP- 514, 515, with fig.

ORCHIS MACULATA SUPERBA.—Garden, June 18, pp. 514, 515, with fig.

ORCHIS MONOPHYLLA, Rolfe.—Bot. M ag., t. 7601.

RESTREPIA STRIATA.—Journ. Hort., June 23, p. 515, fig. 97.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in
some cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a Suture issue.)

J. W. A., Liverpool.—A good, bright, and well marked form of Cattleya Gaskelliana.
As suggested, Trinidad may be only the port of shipment, for it is not a native of that
island, though cultivated there. See p- 204 of our last volume.

- R., Bury.—The malformation of the flowers of Cypripedium barbatum is due to
some constitutional peculiarity for which we fear there js no remedy, especially as it has
occurred for several years. The plant seems thoroughly healthy, and being grown with
others which behave properly, we should think is not worth keeping. Many abnormal
forms are constant, and some are worth keeping as curiosities, but the present one seems a
hopeless cripple.

T. H., Northwich.—Eria acervata.
G. M. L, Lincoln.—Dendrobium formosum, the one from Assam, the other, the
Australian D. Kingianum.
G. B., Hamburg.—Dendrobium calceolaria.

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Vot. VI.] AUGUST, 1898.

THE

RCHID REVIE

x Zn $llustrated Monthly Journal,

DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY.

Contents.
ae PAGE
om Bolleas, culture of ... fies ... 233 | Manchester and North of England
Book, notice of Par he re Oe rchid Society a nee 1
: ; i Notes ... oe is 2 geen
: Botanical Orchids at Kew... aot aes eee
Odontoglossum crispum at Pactio.- S

Calendar of Operations for August ... 246 | 9) ia.) bifolium ne at Genoa .

Oncidium Jamiesoni ..

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WEITCHS
: NUAL OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS,

CULTIVATED UNDER GLASS IN GREAT BRITAIN

(Illustrated with Maps and numerous Engravings.

work contains descriptions of all the most important species and args in caltivatinn: their Grigtas
otanical Titty, Date of sage Pose together with Cultural Notes,

been com to supply amateurs ns cultivators of exotic Orchids "with a fuller account of the
genera, species, nd varieties cultivat under i. ss than is contained in the Manuals pie taxiont = scm
rapid extension of Orchid culture duri ane ‘the ast quarter of a century, resulting from the
and appreciation so bea bea‘ snl os Finerestng order of plants, has, in our opinion, cheated the

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pot ORCHID REVIEW.

EvoL. VI.] AUGUST, 1898. [No. 68.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Soctety will be held at the
Drill Hall, James Street, West ter, during August, on the 9th and 23rd
respectively, when the Orchid Se will meet at the usual hour,
12 o’clock, noon.

The August meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society will be held on the 11th and 25th. The Orchid Committee meets
at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection from 1 o’clock until 4.

A very striking form of Cattleya Mossiz has flowered in the collection
of W. H. Almond, Esq., of Alum Scar, near Blackburn, in which the lip is
bright rose-purple throughout, all trace of yellow having vanished from the
disc. The sepals and petals are of a lighter shade of rose, and this colour
extends right along the ovary and pedicel. It flowered out of an importation
of C. Mossiz, and has all the character of this species. We do not find
anything quite identical, and should like to know if it keeps constant
another season.

Flowers of several handsome hybrids are sent from the establishment of
Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, including Thunia X Veitchiana superba
with a spike of eight exceptionally large flowers, Epidendrum x radico-vitel-
linum with orange-yellow flowers, and the petals now normally developed, E.
x O'Brienianum and its variety roseum, the pretty Dendrobium x rhodo-
stoma, a fine form of Sobralia x Veitchii, and the beautiful Disa x
Veitchii.

A five-flowered inflorescence of Lzlio-cattleya x elegans is sent from
the collection of D. B. Rappart, Esq., of Liscard, by Mr. Nicholson. © The
sepals and petals are light rose-purple, the strongly infolded side lobes of

226 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the lips white, and the broad expanded front lobe brilliant amethyst, forming
a beautiful contrast.

Flowers of Lelio-cattleya x Schilleriana euspatha are sent from the
collections of C. N. L. Ingram, Esq., of Godalming, by Mr. Bond, and of R.
H. Measures, Esq., of Streatham. The lip is nearly entire, and the bright
amethyst-purple of the front lobe of the lip extends as a broad margin round
the side lobes, the rest of the flower being more or less tinged with purple.

It is a very striking variety.

A very fine flower of Cattleya Warscewiczii is sent from the collection of
D. M. Grimsdale, Esq., of Uxbridge, rather light in colour, and the eye-
like spots on the lip nearly white, passing into lemon-yellow at the inner
angle. A very large form of Oncidium Papilio is also sent, which species
succeeds particularly well in this collection.

A very beautiful flower of Dendrobium Phalenopsis Rothschildianum is
sent by Mr. T. Rochford, Turnford Hall Nurseries, being white with the
exception of a few radiating pink nerves on the lip. A fine flower of the
rare Aspasia principissa is also sent, which latter was imported with Cattleya
Mendelii.

ONCIDIUM JAMIESONI.

ALTHOUGH described nearly half-a-century ago by Lindley (Part. Fl, Gard.,
i., p- 104), this graceful and pretty species has been a long time practically
unknown in gardens. It was, however, exhibited at the Drill Hall on July
t2th last by Sir Trevor Lawrence, under the name of O. albo-verrucosum,
and received a Botanical Certificate. It also flowered in the collection at
about this period in 1895 and 1896, but was not previously identified.
Reichenbach records receiving specimens from M. Ed. Klaboch in 1870
(Gard. Chron., 1870, p. 680). but from the note it is doubtful whether living
plants were sent ; if so nothing further appears to have been heard about
them. Lindley’s original specimen was sent by Jamieson, from the neigh-
bourhood of Quito, and I have seen no other except the recent, cultivated
ones. The panicle is about two feet high, rather lax, and bears a number
of deep yellow flowers with one or two broad deep brown bars at the base
of the petals, giving a rather striking contrast. The lip is pandurate, 10 to
Ir lines broad, and bears a white, verrucose crest at the base; while the
column wings are large and clear yellow. A few of the flowers are abortive,
as in O. heteranthum and several other species. Lindley placed it next to
O. ampliatum, but it is more allied to the heteranthous species, and is one
of the showiest of this group. R. A

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 227

DIES ORCHIDIANZ.

SOME time ago a discussion took place on the question of the degeneration
of Orchids, and since then several interesting cases have been recorded of
plants which have been continuously cultivated for periods of many years,
but are still as vigorous as ever. The case, recorded at page 195 of your
last number, of Odontoglossum crispum continuously cultivated at Walton
Grange for a period of twenty-eight years is interesting in this connection,
and there are many other examples, notably of choice varieties, which have
been cultivated for many years without degenerating, from which it is evident
that the culture of this and the allied species is pretty well understood. It
would be interesting if someone could establish such a record with some
notoriously difficult subject—Dendrobium Benson, for example, though
others could be pointed out.

Another remarkable Odontoglossum crispum deserves to be mentioned,
namely the variety called Prince of Wales, mentioned at page 220 as having
received both a First-class Certificate and a Cultural Commendation. But
why the plant should have taken eleven years to reach the flowering stage I
am at a loss to understand, unless it came home as a young seedling. Even
this does not help us much, for seedlings usually flower before they are fully
developed, and are rarely seen at their best until a year or two afterwards,
while the present example seems to have gone on until it was quite abnormal
in development, and then suddenly produced an inflorescence of equally
exceptional character. It seems to establish a record for this particular
species.

I see that we have a figure of this exceptional form (Gard. Chron., June
25, P- 390, fig. 145), which is interesting, because other fine forms may
appear in future, and it may be necessary to compare them with the present
one. But this figure does not at all agree with your report at page 220.
It represents a flower measuring five inches across its broadest diameter,
and only an eighth of an inch less from tip to tip of the petals; and in the
text it states:—‘‘ Our illustration shows a flower of its true size, nearly 5
inches.” Now I had the curiosity to measure the flowers of that plant, and
I have also seen a letter from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., written before the
plant was exhibited, from which I extract the following :—‘‘ We have open
a really marvellous white Odontoglossum crispum as regards its size and
proportions, the individual flowers measuring 42 by 4} inches, and the
labellum totally abnormal, 1} by 1% inches.” Thjs agrees with my own
measurements, except that I did not note the length of the blade of the lip.
Your report speaks of the lip as “ 13 inches broad,” but this appears to be a

228 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

misprint for rj inches. It is highly important that records of this kind
should be correct. Taking the measurement from tip to tip of the petals
we find the illustration five-eighths of an inch too broad, and yet it professes
to be “ true size.”

I do not suppose for one moment that the inaccuracy was intentional,
and probably the Editor will feel as annoyed as I do when he finds it out, but
it is none the less unfortunate on that account. I have myself been taken in
by such figures, as may be seen by my remarks respecting O. crispum
apiatum in an earlier volume of the Review (ii. pp. 99, 205, 298), and my
present remarks are made solely in the interests of accuracy in such matters,
and here I leave them for the present.

ARGUS.

NOTICE OF BOOK.

The Orchids of the Sikkim Himalaya. By Sir George King, K.C.S.L.,
and Robert Pantling. Large 4to., pp. 342, tt. 448. Calcutta: Printed at
the Bengal Secretariat Press.

This fine work, which forms volume 8 of the Annals of the Royal Botanic
Garden, Calcutta, has just appeared, and contains a nearly complete
account of the Orchids at present known from Sikkim, with a figure of
each, the only exceptions being some half-dozen species of which specimens
could not be obtained for figuring, part of which are either doubtfully
native or have now disappeared.

The origin of the work is thus stated by Sir George King :—‘‘ For many
years Mr. Pantling had occupied his leisure by making drawings of the
Orchids found on the Government Cinchona Plantation in Sikkim, where
he has lived since 1882. The appearance of the parts of the Flora of
British India, containing Sir Joseph Hooker’s account of the family, gave
an impetus to Mr. Pantling’s studies; and when he showed his drawings to
me, I most strongly urged him to continue the series until it should include
one of each species found in the Cinchona Plantation and its immediate
neighbourhood. The preparation of these drawings gradually worked itself
into a project for the preparation of a complete Orchid Flora of the Sikkim-
Himalaya, each species to be illustrated by a life-size figure of the plant,
accompanied by analyses of the parts of the flower on an enlarged scale.
The liberality of the Government of Bengal made it possible to publish the
projected work in the Annals of the Calcutta Garden, and it now takes form
in the present volume, which is the joint production of Mr. Pantling and
myself. The drawings from which the figures were lithographed were
entirely the work of Mr. Pantling, my share in the production of these plates
—_ been confined to the supervision of the lithographers who put

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 229
them on the stone. . . . For the letter-press Mr. Pantling and myself
are jointly responsible. . . . The drawings have all been put on the
stone by natives of Bengal educated at the Government School of Art in
Calcutta; and the colouring has, under very careful supervision on Mr.
Pantling’s part, been done by the sons of Nepalese coolies employed on the
Government Cinchona Plantations — boys who had never, until Mr.
Pantling took them in hand, been accustomed to use any implement more
delicate than a hoe. Mr. Pantling’s perseverance and skill in drilling these
boys into accurate colourists has been a standing marvel to everybody who
has seen them at work.”

From an examination of the drawing and colouring of the species with
which we are familiar in a living state, we can fully endorse these remarks
about the accuracy of the drawings and analyses. And the fact that all
were made from living plants, with a very few exceptions where the living
plants sent in by the collectors from the higher regions had withered prior
to their arrival at Mr. Pantling’s house, increases our confidence.

The way in which some of the specimens were collected is interesting.
It was believed that some novelties might be found ‘‘in the Alpine part of
the country lying between the valley of the Great Rungeet and the higher
snows’’ and therefore ‘‘a small party of trained Lepcha collectors was
sent during the hot and rainy seasons of several successive years. These
men were provided with a few swift coolies, by whom living plants of every
species collected were quickly conveyed to Mr. Pantling, who, while the
plants were still fresh, made drawings of them. As a precaution, the
collectors were provided with a stock of Formaldehyd, in a weak solution
of which they were instructed to preserve inflorescences of every species
collected.”” In this excellent preserving medium the shape of the flowers
is retained, and for a considerable time the colours also, and it is in the
exact coloration only of flowers of a few of the Alpine species thus
preserved that a few departures from accuracy are suggested as possible.

It may be added that in half the edition of three hundred copies, the
lithographs are lightly printed, and partly coloured, the rest being darker
and uncoloured, and that the volume is in four parts which could
conveniently be bound separately, each having a title page andindex. At
the lowest estimate it will make two stout volumes. In a few cases two
species appear on the same plate, and thus the species may be estimated at
just over 450, which are arranged in g1 genera. The descriptions are
accompanied with analytical keys, and some modifications are suggested in
the arrangement into which we need not enter. The work is dedicated to
Sir Joseph D. -Hooker, ‘‘ as a cordial token of admiration and respect,” and
we congratulate the authors on the completion of so excellent a
monograph.

230 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DISA GRANDIFLORA WITH BRANCHED SPIKES?

SOME time ago we were asked a question as to the occurrence of branching
spikes in Disa grandiflora, and could only say that, although figwres of such
had appeared, we had never seen plants in this condition. We have since
discovered that a discussion on the question took place some years ago, part
of which it seems desirable to reproduce, with the hope of settling the
doubtful point.

Speaking of ‘‘ Orchidaceous exaggerations,’ Prof. Reichenbach once
remarked :—‘‘ I remember having seen somewhere a drawing of Disa
grandiflora with a branched inflorescence. Now, if such a thing had
really happened, which I scarcely believe, it should not have been
represented, except as an anomaly.”—(Gard. Chron., 1866, p. 197.)

To this Mr. W. H. Fitch replied:—‘‘I have been informed that
branching spikes of Disa grandiflora are not uncommon; and in a drawing
I made for Mr. Robert Warner’s Orchid work, I ventured to introduce a
stem with two flowers (sic) on, and had my veracity doubted. I think it a
pity that such abnormal spikes should not be preserved or forwarded to
botanists for their enlightenment; it would be but a courteous acknow-
ledgment of their services, and relieve artists from many derogatory
insinuations.” —(Gard. Chron., 1866, p. 244.)

This, naturally enough, led to further remarks by Prof. Reichenbach :—
“Concerning Disa grandiflora, I believe I am sufficiently experienced to
be allowed to express some doubts as to certain representations. I will
not allude to the hundreds of dried specimens that have passed through my
hands during more than a quarter-of-a-century, but I should like to say
that near Hamburg both Mr. Kramer and Mr. Schmidt grow the plant
with the highest success. Mr. Kramer, in the garden of Senator Jenisch
(the same who was formerly suspected to feed his plants with wonderful
and mysterious philtres) has not many specimens, but he sometimes
produces seven-flowered spikes, and these are unbranched. At Mr.
Schiller’s you can see every year as many as forty very large pots, each
containing a good number of plants. When flowering, they all stand under
the verandah, displaying masses of flowers as scarlet as an English
soldier’s jacket, provided it be new. Now I have never seen among
them any branched spike, though Mr. Schmidt in growing Disas is beyond
all praise. . . After so much experience, I should hope not to be
accused of being ‘hardly fair’ when alluding to a branched Disa as to
something one would like to see before believing in it. Wishing to
avoid any personalities, I did not even name the place where the plant is
figured, and where (plate 36) everyone who has eyes may read, ‘J. Andrews,
del. et lith.” and the ‘J. A.’ are added between the two parts of the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 231

plants. In the letter-press I could never find any allusion to a panicled
inflorescence, the more since it is thus described—‘and terminating in a
loose open spike of several showy flowers.’ Now imagine my stupefaction
when reading that our excellent ‘W. H. F.’ claims for himself the
advantage of having represented the now famous panicled Disa! Is
‘ J. Andrews’ an alias of ‘W.H.F.’? Perhaps—it overpowers my mind:
Je n’y vois que du feu ” (/.c., pp. 340, 341).

Mr. Fitch finally replied :—‘‘ I congratulate the facetious Professor on
the remarkable discovery that the plate of the branched Disa grandiflora in
Mr. Warner’s work was not one of the perpetrations of W. H. F., who
ventured, perhaps rashly, to express his belief therein. . . . . Far be
it from me to defend branched spikes; the plants that indulge in such
abnormal freaks can have little respect for their characters. As the
Professor informs us, they do not occur abroad, it may be that they have
the fear of the law before them; but this is a free country, and at the
risk of throwing M. Rchb. f. into an agony of doubt, it is my painful
duty to inform him that Mr. R. Warner flowered the branched spike of
Disa grandiflora, and that he has now growing two-flowered spikes of
Cypripedium hirsutissimum, and also of Lycaste Skinneri” (l.c., p. 389).

Thus, very unsatisfactorily, ends this little discussion, for, in spite of the
final flourish, we have Mr. Fitch’s own testimony that he had never seen
such a plant. He merely “‘ ventured to introduce,” &c. (the ‘‘ two flowers”
evidently means two branches), because he had been “informed,” &c.
Whether Mr. Warner was his informant does not appear, but as the plant
was Mr. Warner’s, it is obvious that the spike from which the drawing was
made was not branched. We shall be glad if any of our readers can
forward such a specimen, or give satisfactory evidence of having seen one;
for until then we entertain a healthy scepticism in the matter, though by
no means denying the possibility of the occurrence of such a specimen
under exceptional conditions. Branching in the Ophrydez is only known
-in abnormal specimens.

CYPRIPEDIUM x GODEFROY.

For a considerable time an idea has been gaining ground that Cypripedium
Godefroye is a natural hybrid, and long before Mr. Chapman contributed
a note on the subject to these pages (vol. v., p. 75), I had examined the
question, though the evidence obtained did not seem quite conclusive.
Now, however,I have been able to examine two very interesting artificial
hybrids from the collection of H. Druce, Esq., of St. John’s Wood, which
throw further light on the question, hence the following notes.
Cypripedium Godefroy first flowered in Europe in 1883, the plants

232 THE ORCHID REVIEW,

having been received from an Englishman named Alabaster, who had
obtained them from the cliff of a limestone island, near the Bird’s Nest
Islands of Champon, in Siam, where it was originally found by Murton
some years previously. Other importations from Siam are recorded,
whether from the same locality or not I am unable to say. There is also a
plant which flowered with M. J. Garden, of Paris, about the year 1888, to
which the name C. Gardenianum was applied, which seems identical with
the preceding, and this, M. Garden states, was received from Cochin China.
More recently the form known as C. Godefroyz leucochilum has appeared,
but I do not find any record of the locality, though I have heard of two or
more of the allied species being found in the same importation, and there is
other evidence of these forms growing intermixed. For example, C.
concolor is recorded to have been sent from the Bird’s Nest Islands of
Champon, whence C. Godefroye originally came, and Mr. Ridley remarks
that, just outside the boundary of the Malay Peninsula, in Siam,
‘grow ... C. bellatulum and its variety Godefroye ” (Journ. Linn. Soc.,
XXXil., pp. 415, 416), while Mr. Bull states that he has received C. niveum
from the west coast of Siam (see Bot. Mag. t. 5922).

An examination of all the facts which I have been able to obtain seems
to suggest that C. bellatulum, concolor and niveum are three quite distinct
species, which occur locally, and for the most part separately, but that
round the Gulf of Siam there are localities where two or more species grow
intermixed, and that here hybrids occur, which are known collectively under
the name of C. Godefroye. This has always been rare as compared with
the others, and its variability has been noticed almost from the outset.

Now comes the question how far the hybrids which have been raised
artificially afford any confirmatory evidence. Between the three species just
named, three combinations are possible, and two of these have been raised,
namely C. bellatulum with both C. niveum and concolor, but I do not find
a record of any cross between the two latter.

The hybrid between C. bellatulum and niveum was raised in he
collection of C. Winn, Esq., of Birmingham, and flowered in 1893, when it
received the name of C. x Psyche (Orch. Rev., i, p. 223; 11, p. 262). It was
described as to all outward appearances a white-lipped form of C. Godefroy
—probably C. G. leucochilum, only purer. One called C. x Mrs. Herbert
Druce was raised in the collection of H. Druce, Esq., from “‘C. niveum X
bellatulum ” (possibly the reversed cross), and first flowered in 1897. It has
the shape and undulate petals of C. Godefroye, and a white ground covered
all over with numerous small purple dots, even including the lip.

- The hybrid between C. bellatulum and concolor was raised in the

= eolicctice of Sir Charles Strickland, Bart., Hildenley, Malton, and flowered

: in 1895, (Orch. Rev. ili, p. -187), and it was one of these seedlings which

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 233

Mr. Chapman identified as a fine C. Godefroye. Hybrids from the same
two species have also been exhibited by Mr. A. J. Keeling, of Sheffield
(Orch. Rev., iv, p. 222), and T. Statter, Esq., of Whitefield (/. c., v, p. 169), the
latter under the name of C. X conco-bellatulum. Whether raised by them
I do not know. The one from the collection of H. Druce, Esq., was raised
from ‘‘ C. concolor X bellatulum,” and called C. x Walkerianum. It has
a cream-yellow ground, covered with medium-sized purple-brown spots and
blotches, those along the centre of the petals and dorsal sepal being so
closely arranged as to form a nearly continuous line. The petals are also
Jess undulate than in the other hybrid.

The forms included under C. Godefroy are certainly very variable, and,
comparing them with the hybrids of known parentage, it is clear that some
are most like the first named hybrid, while others approach the second ;
from which it would appear that both occur in a wild state. The form of
C. Godefroye leucochilum, figured in this work (vol. ii, p. 145, fig. 16), is
most like the former, but has larger spots on the dorsal sepal. And other
forms have larger spots or blotches on the petals. Some forms have not
only a white lip, but a nearly white ground colour, small spots, and a
peduncle longer than in either bellatulum or concolor, and these it seems
probable have C. niveum for one parent. The unspotted lip is an
immaterial point, for the one mentioned above has a spotted lip, and the
bellatulum spots would naturally be reproduced in some of the hybrids, so
that it seems possible that the original C. Godefroye may have this parent-
age. Other forms, however, have the yellow colour and short peduncles
suggestive of C. concolor, and most resemble the second hybrid mentioned.
In both, the increased size of the flower, and the spots or blotches, appear
to come from C. bellatulum.

From the above facts it seems highly probable that C. Godefroyz owes
its origin to intercrossing by insect agency, but how far both the crosses
mentioned above are concerned in the matter can hardly be settled at
present. It would be interesting to record any further facts which bear
upon the question, and also to know what the hybrid between C. concolor
and niveum is like, though I do not think it would be comparable with any
form of C. Godefroye.

R. A. ROLFE.

CULTURE OF BOLLEAS.

In our second volume some cultural notes on Bollea, Pescatorea, and
allied genera were given (pp. 14, 277, and 340), and it was shown that
these plants are not difficult to grow if their requirements are properly
attended to. The following notes by Schomburgk on Bollea violacea are

234 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

interesting, as showing the conditions under which it grows in a wild state.
We are not aware that it is now in cultivation, but plants were sent by
Schomburgk to Messrs. Loddiges, of Hackney, who flowered them, and the
species was figured by Lindley, in his Sertwm Orchidacewm (t. 26), under the
name of Huntleya violacea. It also flowered in the collection of G. Barker,
Esq., of Springfield, though it soon afterwards seems to have disappeared.
It was discovered for the first time in October, 1837, by Schomburgk, on
his ascent of the river Essequibo, in British Guiana. On reaching the
large cataract Cumaka toto, or Silk Cotton Fall, it became necessary to
unload the coracles and transport the luggage overland, and, while the Indians
were thus occupied, Schomburgk wandered about one of the small islands
whose vegetation ‘‘ had that peculiar lively appearance which is so character-
istic in the vicinity of cataracts, where a humid cloud, the effect of the spray,
always hovers round them.”” He was attracted by a number of Oncidium
altissimum in flower, which covered a rocky pile, and then discovered
_another Orchid, which clothed the tree trunks with vivid green, and it was
not long before he found one in flower. ‘‘ It was as singular as it was new
to me,” he observes. ‘‘ The sepals and petals of a rich purple and velvet-
-like appearance; the helmet, to which form the column bore the nearest
resemblance, ofthe same colour; the labellum striated with yellow.”
“In the sequel of my expeditions, I found it generally in the vicinity of
cataracts, where a humid vapour is constantly suspended, and where the
rays of the sun are scarcely admitted through the canopy of foliage. I
traced the Huntleya from the sixth parallel of latitude to the shady moun-
tains of the Acari chain, near the equator; but in its fullest splendour it
appeared at one of the small islands among the Christmas cataracts in the
river Berbice ; and there is a melancholy circumstance connected with the
plant, which its appearance never fails to recall to my memory. Their
singular beauty at this spot induced my friend Mr. Reiss, who accompanied
me as a volunteer during the unfortunate expedition up the river Berbice, to
draw and paint it on the spot. He was yet occupied with this task when the
last of our canoes was to descend the dangerous cataract. He arose from
his occupation, desirous to descend with the Indians in the canoe, although
against my wish, but he persisted. The canoe approached the fall—it upset
—and, of thirteen persons who were in it at the time, he was the only one
who paid the rash attempt with his life. He is now buried opposite that
island, the richest vegetable productions of which it was his last occupation
to imitate on paper and in colours. . . . A humid atmosphere and shade are
the distinguishing features of their habitat.”—Schomb. in Lindl. Sert. Orch.,
t, 26.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 235

ORCHID CULTURE IN BELGIUM.
Continued from page 208.)

A pay at Brussels afforded an opportunity of inspecting several interesting
collections at the Capital, though we were unable to make a second visit to
Laeken, and thus missed seeing the Orchids there.

At the Brussels Botanic Garden we found a very representative
collection, including many rare botanical species in addition to the
commoner showy ones, but our notes are limited to a few of the specially
interesting forms. Ansellia congoensis we only remember to have seen
once before in a living state, but here were two plants bearing four spikes
of flowers, and also four capsules. It is rather smaller than its allies,
but very similar in general character. There was also a fine plant of
Moorea irrorata, one of the very few known, but not in flower. A fine
specimen of Ccelogyne Huettneriana (sometimes known as C. elegans), three
feet through, was flowering very freely. The handsome Nanodes Meduse,
and Scuticaria Hadwenii, with six flowers, are among our notes, together
with the rare Maxillaria Houtteana, and the yellow form of M. variabilis
flowering very freely. Many other species were in flower, and the
collection generally was in thriving condition. Of those not in flower
several interesting ones were observed, and we regretted that more time
was not at our disposal to enable us to go through them more carefully.

Passing on to Messrs. Linden’s establishment, L’Horticulture
Internationale, at the Parc Leopold, we found many features of interest,
aud a wealth of Orchids in flower and bud. The houses are admirably
arranged on either side of a large central corridor, so that one may visit
the whole series without passing into the open air, an arrangement which
possesses many advantages. The arrangements for heating, ventilating,
and shading the houses are also excellent, and the cleanliness and order
were noticeable everywhere. The stock of Cattleyas was large and very
healthy, some good forms being in flower, and among recent arrivals we
noticed fine batches of C. labiata and Lelia tenebrosa. The Odonto-
glossums filled several houses, and were a particularly well-grown lot
containing most of the typical kinds, a large proportion being in bud
and many in flower. . cirrhosum presented quite a forest of spikes.
One fine clump of O. crispum we observed to be throwing up eleven
spikes. One plant of O. Hallii bore a spike of twenty-two fine flowers.
A small-flowered species, said to have been imported with O. luteopurpur-
eum and triumphans, we do not remember to have seen before. Some
plants of O. crispum and of Oncidium crispum, had been potted in pure
leaf mould as an experiment, and appeared perfectly healthy, though it
was too early to pronounce an opinion on the result. Some plants of

236 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Cochlioda Neetzliana and vulcanica were, as usual, very effective. A
large batch of Miltonia vexillaria, in robust health, promised a fine show,
being crowded with flower-spikes. A good batch of Lelia pumila praestans
was also noted, and Cymbidium Lowianum concolor with a good spike
of flowers. :

Cypripediums, of course, were well represented, and in variety, and
here we noted some fine flowers of Selenipedium Xx Schroeder, and a
batch of fifty nicely flowered plants of Ccelogyne flaccida in hanging
baskets. Many plants of Vanda tricolor were in flower, a bank at the
end of one of the houses being very effective. A nice batch of Phaius
Humblotii was observed; also a fine plant of Sobralia Lindeni, and
some flowering examples of the pretty little Leptotes bicolor. It is
impossible in a short note to give anything like a complete account of the
Orchids seen, and before our inspection was completed, a telephonic
message from M. L. Linden invited us to proceed to Moortebeek at once,
so that part of the nursery was not visited. But, before leaving, we had
seen much to interest us in this large and well-arranged establishment.

Moortebeek lies some four miles west of Brussels, and may be reached
by tram, but, time being limited, we preferred to take the journey by cab.
The route is pleasant but somewhat hilly, and, on arrival, we found that the
nursery is situated right in the country, and the surroundings as favourable
for Orchid culture as one could wish. The Orchid houses consist of a
long central corridor, with seven span-roofed divisions, extending at right
angles, on either side. Each of these groups of seven houses were
connected in the usual Belgian fashion, the span between each division
only descending to within about four feet from the floor, without side
divisions, and thus one could see the plants right through from one end to
the other. This house contained a collection of fifty-three thousand
Odontoglossums, in the healthiest possible condition, and bearing quite a
forest of spikes. Many of the plants are only semi-established, and the
older ones are from importations received since the houses were built
two years ago.

On entering the establishment, we were confronted with a fine bank of
Miltonia vexillaria, flowering profusely, one splendid specimen bearing six
racemes of very deeply coloured flowers, and the lip, which was carefully
measured, 2 inches in diameter. In the centre was a large-flowered
Cymbidium Lowianum with a very richly coloured lip. Passing on to the
Odontoglossums, we found O. crispum literally in thousands, a good number
being already in flower, showing a wide range of variation, many of the
forms being excellent both in shape and colour. One plant particularly
attracted attention, because its leaves were variegated with irregular white
stripes. Specially interesting was it to see the various hybrids flowering

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 237

out of this large importation. These included a series of O. xX Ander-
sonianum forms—one plant of the variety Ruckerianum bearing a .large
panicle of very richly-coloured flowers—and a still more brilliant lot of
O. X Wilckeanum, both with white and yellow grounds, and varying
greatly in the amount of spotting, one beautiful deep yellow form, called
Princess des Canaries, bearing a spike of sixteen flowers with very long
segments, being almost unspotted. Another appeared among crispums
from another locality, and is clearly intermediate between that and O.
Hunnewellianum. This is called O. X Adriane, and several plants were in
flower, all somewhat different. O.cirrhosum and Pescatorei showed quite
a forest of spikes, some of the latter being in flower, one of them bearing a
fine panicle with thirteen side branches and an aggregate of sixty flowers.
A batch of O. gloriosum was also noted.

The houses on the other side of the corridor were devoted to a variety of
things, and we noted fine batches of various Cattleyas, Coelogyne cristata,
Dendrobium nobile, Cypripedium Lawrenceanum, showing the greatest
vigour in both foliage and flowers, C. hirsutissimum, and a large mis-
cellaneous collection of the latter genus, both species and hybrids. In
flower were the handsome C. X Lebaudyanum, derived from C. Haynaldi-
anum and C. Stonei, bearing a spike of four flowers, particularly fine forms
of C. Argus and Rothschildianum, some good Cattleya Mendelii, a very fine
Lelia pumila prestans, some beautifully-flowered plants of Trichopilia
suavis, and others too numerous to particularise.

We inspected the boilers, which are horizontal tubulars; the arrange-
ments for shading and ventilating the houses; the water tanks running
throughout the length of each alternate house, so that water can be reached
from each ; the open stages; and, in answer to enquiry, M. Linden assured
us that no manure whatever had been used. In fact, there was nothing
unusual in the treatment, though everything was particularly well-arranged
for the provision of a suitable atmosphere and its constant circulation
throughout the range of houses. M. Linden, however, considers the water
of the district and the situation generally, particularly favourable to Orchids.
Indeed, it was through noticing how well Odontoglossums grew in the house
of an amateur friend there that induced him to secure the lease of some land
opposite, on which to erect this establishment; and, so far as cultural
success is concerned, no better results could possibly be desired within so
short a period. And concerning Odontoglossums particularly, we may
remark that the sight of such an enormous collection, and so well cultivated,
was one to be long remembered.

Before leaving Brussels we must briefly allude to the establishment of
M. Peeters, of St. Gilles. Here was a fine collection of Miltonia vexillaria
in fine condition, some being in flower, though the majority were still in

238 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

bud. Odontoglossums were also numerous and well grown, comprising
most of the well-known kinds, some of them in quantity, and a goodly
number already in flower. Among miscellaneous Orchids, we must not
forget to mention two good plants of the new and remarkable Eulophiella
Peetersiana, of course not in flower, or we might have previously met with
them at Ghent with the premier group exhibited by M. Peeters, which
latter gives an excellent idea of the kind of culture carried on here. And the
seedlings must not be forgotten, the Cattleyas being a particularly interest-
ing lot, containing hundreds of plants in all stages; some of which we shall
expect to hear of again as they reach the flowering stage.

(To be continued.)

GYMNADENIA x CONOPSEO-ALBIDA.

(A NEW BRITISH ORCHID.)

ANOTHER very interesting addition to the British Orchid-flora has just come
tolight. A note by C. Wolley Dod, in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for July 23rd
(p. 61), states that about the end of June, a friend, on a visit in the
Highlands, sent him for identification an Orchis which he found near
Arisaig, in Inverness-shire, which he recognised as resembling Habenaria
conopsea, but differing from it, especially in the spur, which was much
shorter. Not knowing it, he sent it to his son, Capt. Wolley Dod, who
is well up in the native flora. It was new to him, though he doubtfully,
and from description only, referred it to H. odoratissima; a native of
the mountains of France and Germany; he also asked if more specimens
could be obtained. With some difficulty, as the flowering season was
then over, two more were found. These were brought by Capt. Wolley
Dod to Kew (where one is now preserved), and a comparison with
authentic specimens soon showed that they did not belong to H. (or really
Gymnadenia) odoratissima. He had also suspected that the plant might
be a natural hybrid between Gymnadenia conopsea and G. albida, as it
was found associated with these two species and Orchis maculata, and
he left me to work the question out.

These two species are very dissimilar, G. albida has white flowers, an
equally triscuspidate lip, and a short, swollen and obtuse spur, not
equalling the lip; while G. conopsea has rose-purple flowers, an unequally
trilobed lip, and a filiform, acute spur many times longer than the lip.
The hybrid—for such it evidently is—has rose-purple flowers, but the
_ spur is stout, and only twice as long as the lip, which latter organ is about
intermediate in shape; the leaves also are intermediate in shape, but the
spike closely resembles that of G. albida. Such a hybrid has already

THE ORCHID REVIEW 239

been recorded by Hegelmaier, in 1864, under the name of Gymnadenia
conopsea X albida (str. Bot. Zeitschr., 1864, pp. 102-104), and by
Kerner, a year later, as G. X Schweinfurthii (Verhandl. Zool.-Bot.
Gesellsch. in Wien, xv., p. 213, t. 5, fig. 15-16). It was found by
Dr. Hegelmaier, in July, 1863, in the Austrian Alps, and the Scotch plant
is evidently substantially identical. The discovery is very interesting, and
it seems probable that it might be found in other localities, where the two
species occur intermixed, if searched for. The Scotch locality is described
as within half-a-mile of the sea, and not more than 100 feet above it.
R. A. ROLFE.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

AucustT is still a dull month in the Orchid houses, and, although various
plants flower during the summer, there is not such a display as can be so
easily obtained during the early spring and autumn. In the selection of
a general collection, attention ought to be given to the choice of species, so
as to obtain a constant succession of flowers, and it is always interesting to
observe which are the most free blooming at certain times of the year.
Some classes of plants, which remain in bloom for a considerable length of
time, are very useful at this season.

The Cool department still possesses a few flowers, and among them the
beautiful Disas stand first in decorative value, and those who had the
pleasure of seeing D. grandiflora, racemosa and tripetaloides, and by their
side D. X Veitchii, X kewensis, X langleyensis, and X Premier, will have
an idea of the field covered by hybridization. A few late Odontoglossums are
still in flower, as well as Masdevallias, and also the pretty Ccelogyne
nervosa. Amongst the cool Orchids now showing are Odontoglossum
Uroskinneri, Masdevallia x Laucheana, xX Gairiana and x Measuresiana,
also the handsome Spathoglottis Fortunei.

The Intermediate house has really the best show at this season, and
amongst the plants which are at present in flower we could mention the
beautiful Cattleya Eldorado, Warscewiczii, Rex, velutina and several others.
The handsome Oncidium crispum, curtum and Gardneri, together with
Coelogyne Massangeana and ocellata are all valuable plants, which, when
well grown, bloom twice a year. Epidendrum fragrans is also very pretty
and floriferous, and amongst the most promising varieties for the forthcom-
ing month are the well known Cochlioda vulcanica grandiflora and
sanguinea, which are remarkable for their pretty colour. Some Epiden-
drums are also showing, as E. inversum, cinnabarinum, and xanthinum.
Now also is the time for the wonderful Houlletia Brocklehurstiana to flower,
but it is known as a rather difficult species to bloom. Bifrenaria aurantiaca
and Cirrhza virida purpurea are also sending forth their spikes.

240 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A few Cattleyas belonging to the long bulbed section are showing their
buds, chiefly C. Loddigesii and C. Leopoldi, which require to be kept dry
until the buds are perfectly formed. If this is not observed, the plants will
soon start into growth, which will be found to be very detrimental to the
flowers. Some Lelias are also showing, as the old L. crispa and its variety
delicatissima. Certain Oncidiums are now beginning to send forth their
strong spikes, as O. Geertianum, varicosum Rogersii, spilopterum, and
Schillerianum, which are all very ornamental species. A few Stanhopeas
are showing their curious blooms, S. Haseloviana and Wardii being two
very handsome species. Miltonias are still in season, being represented
by the handsome M. spectabilis, and its varieties bicolor, Moreliana and
virginalis. The free-blooming Stenoglottis longifolia and the spotted-leaved
S. fimbriata are now in flower, and are exceedingly attractive. Trichopilia
coccinea and some of its varieties are also very effective, as is also
Zygopetalum brachypetalum when well grown. The beautiful Vanda
ccerulea and Kimballiana, are beginning to show their spikes.

In the Warm house a few summer-flowering plants are in flower, as
Galeandra Batemanii, the handsome Sobralia x Amesiz, Oncidiums
Papilio and Kramerianum, also Cypripediums Parishii and a few others are
in bud, while C. x Adonis and xX cenanthum superbum, Angroecum arcu-
atum, articulatum, and Chailluanum are all showing, together with the
splendid Arachnanthe Cathcartii. The season for Catasetums is now draw-
ing near, and C. Bungerothii, fimbriatum, macrocarpum and Russelianum
are all promising for the following month. Cattleya superba is opening its
handsome blooms, and Dendrobium pulchellum, better known as D.
Dalhousieanum, keeps producing its showy racemes. Amongst others are
Aérides Lawrenceum, Phalenopsis Esmeralda and Buyssoniana, and
Saccolabium multiflorum, all of which deserve a place in every collection.

ODONTO.

ONCIDIUM BIFOLIUM HARDY AT GENOA.

Pror. Penzic, of the University of Genoa, N. Italy, has sent to Kew
specimens of this pretty little Oncidium, which, he says, has been grown
on trees there in the open air for a period of six years. The specimens
seem perfectly healthy, but are rather dwarfer than native ones, and fewer
flowered. It 1s a native of Monte Video, in a latitude about corresponding
with Tunis, some ten degrees south of Genoa, and on the opposite side of
the Mediterranean. Other cool growing species might be tried in
Mediterranean localities, where perhaps the drier atmosphere, rather than
the cold in winter, would be the chief obstacle to success. oop e

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 241

HYBRID DISAS.

THE history of the various hybrid Disas, which have proved such welcome
additions to the list of summer-flowering Orchids, has already appeared in
these pages, and now we are able to give an illustration of the group, and
two out of the three original species from which they were derived.
D. racemosa is omitted, because a flowering example was not available

Fig. 8. Disa X PREMIER. 9g. D.GRANDIFLORA. 10. D. X KEWENSIS.
» II. D.X LANGLEYENSIS. 12. D.X VEITCHII. 13. D.TRIPETALOIDES.

The photograph was taken by Mr. A. Griessen, now in charge of the Orchid
houses at Kew, and represents the plants on a considerably reduced scale,
as will be apparent from the figure of the well-known D. grandiflora. It
may also be remarked that D. tripetaloides was nearly over, the lower

242 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

flowers having been removed, and that the hybrids are, for some reason, not
as vigorous as last year. The group, however, is a most interesting one,
and shows the relation of the different forms to each other in a very graphic
manner.

The three parent species are all natives of South Africa, the brilliant
scarlet flowers of D. grandiflora (fig. 9) being too familiar to need
description. D. tripetaloides (fig. 13) has white flowers prettily spotted
with rose-pink inside the dorsal sepal. D. racemosa has brilliant rose-
purple flowers, larger than those of D. x langleyensis, and much like it in
general shape, except that the lateral sepals are more spreading and the
spur of the dorsal one shorter and more obtuse.

D. X Veitchii (fig. 12), the first of the series, was raised in the
establishment of Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, by Mr. Seden, and
flowered for the first time in June, 1891, when it received a First-class
Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society. Its parents are D.
racemosa ? and D. grandiflora g, and it most resembles the former
both in shape and colour. The first seedling reached the flowering stage
twenty-one months after the seed was sown. It has since been raised by
Messrs. James Backhouse and Son, of York (Orch. Rev. i., pp. 194, 323).

D. X kewensis (fig. 10) was raised at Kew, by Mr. Watson, and first
flowered in May, 1893. It was obtained by crossing D. grandiflora with the
pollen of D. tripetaloides, whose characters it well combines. In shape it
most resembles the pollen parent, but the colour is rose-pink, of a lighter
shade on the dorsal sepal, which bears numerous darker red spots inside,
the latter character also being derived from the pollen parent. The first
plant flowered within eighteen months from the time the seed was sown,
and thus established a record (Orch. Rev. i. pp- 193, 212).

D. X langleyensis (fig. 11) was raised both by Messrs. James Veitch and
Sons and at Kew, at about the same time, in each case seedlings being
obtained both from D. racemosa crossed with the pollen of D. tripetaloides
and from the reverse cross. It first flowered in May, 1894, in both the
establishments mentioned, and Messrs. Veitch’s plant received an Award
of Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society. The flowers are fairly
intermediate in shape, but most resemble D. racemosa in its rose-purple
colour. A few of the lighter forms, however, show a trace of the spotting
of D. tripetaloides (Orch. Rev., ii., pp. 186, 202, 203).

D. X Premier (fig. 8) was raised at Kew from D. tripetaloides 2 and D.
x Veitchii ¢, and received a First-class Certificate from the Royal Horti-
cultural Society in October, 1893, on the occasion of its first flowering.
The flowers are rather larger than those of D. racemosa, and of a rich
rose-purple. Thus the influence of D. tripetaloides is chiefly seen in the
modified shape, while the combined characters of D. racemosa and “D.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 243

grandiflora are seen in the brilliant coloration (Orch. Rev., i., p. 339).

There is one other secondary hybrid, namely D. x Diores (ante, i1.,
p- 239), raised by Messrs. James Veitch and Sons from D. X Veitchii ?
and D. grandiflora g, and flowered in July, 1894. It much resembles a
pale form of D. grandiflora, with a somewhat modified shape, but we have
since learned that it is a difficult plant to grow, being too much like D.
grandiflora in this respect.

These hybrid Disas are not only very beautiful but very easily culti-
vated, in which respect they resemble D. tripetaloides and D. racemosa,
rather than D. grandiflora, which, as is well-known, does not succeed every-
where. They thrive in a mixture of rough peat, with a little silver sand,
well-rotten manure and sphagnum, and should receive a liberal supply of
water when growing. Indeed; they should not be allowed to become dry at
any time, even when resting after flowering. They begin to grow in the
winter, at which period they succeed better with intermediate than with
cool treatment. A fairly equable moist climate seems the most suitable for
them.

PAPHIOPEDIUM x ARIADNE AND P. x EUPHROSYNE.
(A Stupy IN VARIATION.)

Some time ago, when looking through the choice collection of Orchids
at Stand Hall, near Manchester—owned by that well-known Orchidist of
the second generation, T. Statter, Esq.—I noticed these two distinct
hybrids in flower side by side. Mr. Johnson, the able and genial grower,
informed me that both varieties were raised by him from the same seed-pod,
out of P. Spicerianum by P. X selligerum, the latter parent being itself a
hybrid out of P. barbatum by P. philippinense. A careful examination of
these two hybrids shows both to be fairly intermediate in character between
their parents, but in a totally different way. The following table will show
at a glance how they differ :—

P. x Ariadne. P. x Euphrosyne.
Leaves. Obtuse. Subacute.

Scape. With many short hairs. With few long hairs.
; Shorter and broader: white
Upper sepal. White a. Syria Spb tei spotted oe — faint purple
Lower sepal Broad and obtuse, with linear purple Narrow and one with fewer

: spots.
Petals 24 inches long, chocolate and Hogg Shorter an a broader, tawny
a halves, lined with purple. green, thickly spotted purple

Li Tau Ul ached 4 \ Broader and shorter, Lighter i in

ip. awny yellow, ed deep purple. palin :

Staminode, White shaded purple, orange disc. Creamy fawn shaded rose.

244 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Both hybrids agree wholly with the parent P. Spicerianum in their
one-flowered scapes, flowering during the winter months, there being
apparently no trace of the 2-3 flowered summer-flowering P. X selligerum.
The elongated petals of both show distinctly the influence of the grand-
parent P. philippinense, but there seems to be no trace of the tessellated
leaves of the grandparent P. barbatum. These few notes illustrate the now
well-established fact that hybrids of the second generation are much more
variable than those of the first generation, and as the pedigree becomes
more complex, so may we expect variation to increase.

VU. Gy Boge, &.1..5.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM AT PACHO.

In the last number of the Orchid Review (p. 220) it is recorded that a
First-class Certificate and a Cultural Commendation were awarded by the
Royal Horticultural Society to Messrs. Hugh Low and Co. for
‘“Odontoglossum crispum Prince of Wales,” which is described as
aremarkable variety with “twelve bulbs of enormous size and four leads,
and the plant has taken about eleven years to reach the flowering stage.
It is the most robust example of the species we have ever seen.”

What I have been struck with is the length of time the plant has taken
to reach the flowering stage. To crispum connoisseurs this is not
encouraging, notwithstanding its magnificent varieties. I have lived
several years in the Pacho crispum region, and have handled scores of
thousands of these plants taken fresh from the forest. Thus, from my
experience, I have no hesitation in saying that so prolonged a_ period
without flowering is incompitible with the plant in a state of nature. It
is a remarkable fact that tiny crispum plants flower freely in the forest;
plants so small that they could be placed in a one-inch pot. Hence the
contrast between such plants and the eleven year’s cultivated plant is very
striking. I therefore venture to account for the disparity between the two
as follows :—

O. crispum in England is cultivated under conditions of excessive
humidity, the bright green plump and robust bulbs are unmistakable
indications of this too genial treatment. It is true that crispums grow in
the forest where the rainfall is excessive, that is, showers fall almost daily
for several months at a time, and during these months the plants are
almost continuously wet, although perched on the trunks and branches of
trees. Subsequent to the rainy seasons, two of which occur annually,
several months of brilliant cloudless skies are experienced (I have witnessed
an absolute drought in the Pacho crispum region lasting four months).
The crispums then suffer dreadfully, the bulbs and foliage shrink and

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 245

shrivel, and very frequently the roots themselves perish. It is then
advisable to suspend collecting operations. Of course, the dry periods,
two of which occur annually, are more pronounced some years than others.

Thus, the vegetative functions in the dry seasons are severely checked,
and horticulturists know how advantageous it is to check continuous
growth in order to incite the flowering capacity of plants. These conditions
are also strikingly illustrated in tropical regions, where agriculture
languishes under the baneful influence of abnormal and continuous rainfall,
as compared with the matured productiveness begotten of seasonable
sunshine. In this connection I may say that, as head of the Jamaica
Botanical Department for many years, I had ample opportunities for
arriving at practical conclusions on these points.

I may mention that I hope to be able to turn to some practical account
the modus operandi demonstrated by the plants in their native habitat, with
a view to assure the early flowering of even small plants, some thousands of
which I have brought from the best Pacho region. Moreover, a glance at
these small plants shows the dry broken fragments of former inflorescences
still attached to a large proportion of them.

ROBERT THOMSON.

[It is interesting to know something of the conditions under which
Odontoglossum crispum occurs in a wild state, in which connection we may
allude to a former article from Mr. Thompson’s pen (see pp. 45-48 of
our last volume). Messrs. Low’s plant, however, was quite exceptional in
its retarded period of flowering, as in other characters, and it seems
possible that it may have been a seedling plant flowering for the frst time.
Seedlings from the same capsule sometimes vary considerably in the time
they require to reach the flowering stage. It would be interesting to know
the future behaviour of Messrs. Low’s plant.—ED.]

BOTANICAL ORCHIDS AT KEW.

A few more of the constant succession of botanical Orchids at Kew must
be mentioned this month, some of them being extremely distinct and
attractive. Unfortunately, many are not found in the every-day catalogues
of our large firms, and it is probable that if some of them could be
introduced, and brought into the market, other growers would pay more
attention to these interesting plants.

Amongst the Cool and Intermediate kinds, one of the most charming is
the pretty Japanese Angrecum falcatum with its pure, white, scented
flowers. Colax viridis and Bartholina pectinata, both previously
mentioned, are still in flower and seem to last month after month. A few
summer-flowering species are just now opening, amongst which are the
distinct Polystachyas Kirkii, odorata and luteola, which thrive very well

246 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

under intermediate treatment, the curious Bulbophyllum Sanderianum,
Eria excavata, the small Paphinia rugosa, and Pleurothallis maculata, with
its numerous flowers beneath the foliage, as well as Spiranthes diuretica
and grandiflora, Trichopilia hymenantha, and Xylobium squalens. Very
beautiful is Cynorchis grandiflora bearing no less than five blooms.

In the Warm department, a few interesting plants are also worth
mentioning. The remarkable Coryanthes macrantha is a large plant
bearing no less than three spikes. It is in perfect health, and ought to be
the subject of a special note, for it is very rarely seen flowering in Europe.
Dendrobium bicameratum and D. Macrei are in bloom, though the latter
is as fugacious as a Sobralia, without its attractiveness. Trias disciflora is a
very floriferous and pretty little plant, which thrives on a block. In
conclusion, we must mention Cycnoches Egertonianum with its long
racemes of purple flowers, C. Loddigesii and C. pentadactylon, all of which
are very interesting at this period.

ODONTO.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR AUGUST.
By H. A. BURBERRY, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

For this month, the general growing conditions of the various departments
should undergo no change to those previously advised. Endeavour to main-
tain such conditions as are favourable for the free and vigo1ous growth of the
plants, and success is sure to follow. To secure the best growing conditions,
it is necessary to give strict attention to the ventilation, warmth, moisture,
shading, and cleanliness, not one of which can be neglected with impunity.

On the above I lay great stress, knowing well how important it is. Many
of the warm and intermediate growing Orchids are absolutely starved during
their growing season, the summer months, simply for the want of that liberal
treatment which should then be meted out to them. Under such conditions,
it is quite impossible to secure healthy free growth, which will develop in
due time into large strong pseudobulbs, without which no Orchid can
produce large flower spikes, and thus be seen at its best.

Yet, at the same time, it is no easy matter for a writer to lay down
instructions which shall apply to every case, for glass structures vary so
considerably ; and this being so, the methods in dealing with them must
necessarily vary too.

Theory and practice work splendidly hand-in-hand. Without the latter,
however, the former, so far as Orchid growing is concerned, is of but little
avail. A good practical grower has become so inured in his work that he
rarely ever looks at the thermometer or hygrometer. Such things, after his
years of practice, are not heeded by him. He has no difficulty whatever in
securing the artificial conditions most suitable for his various houses, and

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 247

he knows in a moment, on stepping inside, whether the ideal conditions are
there or not, the ‘‘ smell,” the “ feel,” is enough. The existing state of the
outside weather is his sole guide to action. As the weather changes day by
day, or it may be hour by hour, so does he shape his treatment. He has no
hard and fast rule to follow from which it is a crime to depart. He isa
close follower of Dame Nature. Call his methods ‘ finger and thumb” if
you like, but depend upon it he is the most successful cultivator.

Some few species have now completed their season’s growth, and many
more are fast approaching that stage. When growth is finished at this
early season, it is generally advisable to remove, if possible, such plants
from the house in which such a large number are still growing actively. If
a department exists in which these early species can be accommodated,
where they may gradually receive more light, air, and less moisture, so
much the better. If not, they should be grouped together in the same
compartment, giving them a position by the door or some other place so
that they may have their special requirements the more easily and surely
attended to. Do not withhold the water too suddenly at the root, but
allow them to lapse into a dormant state slowly and gradually.

The foregoing remarks will apply to a few Cattleyas which will either
have finished their growth by now or will do so some time during this month.
The two principal ones are C. Gaskelliana and C. Warscewiczii (gigas),
which will not only have completed their new growths, but have flowered
also, and desire nothing more than to be kept quiet. Either species may
be re-potted immediately after blooming—if required—or may be left over
until early spring. The same remarks will also apply to C. Rex and C.
Warneri.

A few Dendrobiums will also have their pseudobulbs completed, and
will demand cooler and more airy conditions. Dendrobiums are more
impatient in this respect than Cattleyas, as are also Thunias, Pleiones,
Ccelogynes, and other East Indian mountain species. Dendrobiums and
Cattleyas are apt to break a second time the same year, that is to say
they start a new growth immediately from the base of the newly-formed
pseudobulb. However careful one may be, a certain percentage of his
plants are almost sure to do this. It need not cause the slightest alarm or
annoyance. Such new growth should be allowed to remain, but simply be
unheeded, giving the plants the more airy treatment, as before advised,
exactly the same as if no secondary growth existed. It isa fatal mistake
to still keep the plants in an active temperature in order to bring these
second growths to maturity, for it is unlike their natural condition abroad.

Every Orchid enthusiast should at least try his hand at growing Disa
grandiflora, as it is such a beautifully showy species when well-grown, and
this month it will be making quite a brilliant show. It is not always,

248 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

however, that one can succeed in growing it well. The conditions under
which Disa grandiflora thrives best are so delightfully simple and easily
obtainable that ‘its cultivation is always well worth a trial. The chief
points to keep in mind are as follows:—a cool, moist frame or pit during
summer, during which time they should never be allowed to become dry for
the want of attention, nor burnt for the want of shade and air. About
now they bloom, and, immediately the flowers are over, divisions of the
roots, or re-potting, should take place when needful, employing sandy peat
for this purpose. Let them still occupy their cool, moist frame or pit
until the nights are too cool for them to remain longer, when they should
be taken to winter in a house where the temperature averages from 40 to 50
degrees. From the time they bloom in August or September until the
ensuing winter is past, but little water at the root will be required, enough
only to keep them plump and healthy. Be careful to keep yellow thrip
away by the use of a little tobacco powder. When once the proper
treatment is rightly hit upon, Disas grow and propagate very freely, as the
offshoots, which are always plentiful, may be removed from the parent
tuber and potted off in small pots.

The present season is a good one for doing up the various species of
the cool Orchid-house which have not yet been done. Odontoglossum
Rossii and O. Cervantesii are two very pretty species, which pay to grow
well, so that they bloom profusely; otherwise, with individual flowers here
and there only, they are too little to make a show. Both species suffer
greatly from too much meddling with at the root, and, on this account,
they should hardly ever be re-potted. If re-potting is contemplated, it
should be performed not later than this month, and the greatest possible
care taken not to disturb or break the roots more than is necessary. If
the stages are pretty near the roof glass, they grow well there in small
pots, otherwise they are better in pans, and suspended. What little
compost is required about their roots should be mostly all fibrous peat,
which will not decay so quickly as moss. They delight in a cool, airy
atmosphere, and require but little water at the roots at any time of the
year. The above remarks, so far as they refer to matters of re-potting,
apply also to the other chief inmates of this department, which are
principally Oncidiums and Odontoglossums. Let the roots be preserved
in a sound and healthy condition by sensible and discreet watering, and
then but little re-potting is necessary. Of course, throughout the growing
season, a good deal of moisture is indispensible about these cool Orchids,
as well as the warm ones. The compost should not, however, be soddened
by being water-logged, as it turns the compost sour and makes it decay,

_ and the roots of the Orchids perish.

Cattleya citrina is just now commencing to grow. It does well either

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 249

on a raft or in small pans. When the latter are used they should be very
small, just large enough to hold the base, or the roots of the plant. The
new growths will then turn over the rim, taking a downward course, and
will continue to grow well. Use perforated pans, so that the roots may go in
and out. Itis a species which requires but little water to keep in good health.

Lycaste Skinneri is now in full growth. It is discarded by some, and
liked by others, and certainly some of the varieties are very chaste and
delicate. If grown in the Cool house, it should not be left there too late in
the autumn, but removed to the Intermediate house. Here again, root
disturbance is most harmful, and need only take place at long intervals if
they are potted well and watered carefully. A compost consisting chiefly
of peat is the best in which to grow them. Odontoglossum_ grande,
another good showy old species, wants very much the same kind of
treatment as the foregoing. It certainly succeeds better when treated
as an Intermediate house Orchid than as a Cool house one.

Phalenopsis and other inmates of the East Indian department must be
kept growing actively, and not be allowed to suffer for want of moisture, which
is their mainstay. If ants are troublesome in this department—and_ they
frequently are, for these pests are particularly fond of Phalenopsis—they
should be destroyed by some means. They seem to pierce the leaves so
that a sweet substance exudes, upon which the ants feed, and are continually
on the plants in great number. It is needless to say that the plants so
attacked quickly dwindle away. They first assume a yellowish appearance
round the margin of the leaves, which colour gradually spreads until the
leaf ultimately falls off, and Phalznopsis without leaves are as good as dead.
There are various ways and means for getting rid of ants, but the very best
poison that I have ever had the pleasure of using is that which I have
previously recommended, known under the name of Ballykillrain Ant
Poison.

As it is most important that the plants should receive as much light and
sun as they will endure without causing injury, it will be as well now to
slightly reduce the summer shading wherever possible. For instance,
there are often many places on the roof more or less troublesome and
difficult to get at to shade witha roller blind, and in such places some
kind of permanent shading has to be employed. For such purposes
““Summer Cloud” or ‘‘ Lime wash” is usually sufficient, and this may be
reduced in density if the exposure to the weather has not already done so.

There is still a great deal of that pest known as “Cattleya Fiy ” about
in different collections. It seems to me that nearly every importation is
affected with it in a more or less degree, and this makes it necessary for
every grower to be strictly on his guard. When newly-imported plants
come to hand, isolate them, cut he infected parts away and wash them,

250 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

fumigate them once or twice, and after they are potted up and growing,
keep an eye on them in order to detect any new growth infested, and
remove it before the larva have a chance to mature and escape. A sharp
watch should also be kept for any stray flies, for if more eggs are laid the
mischief would be perpetuated.

THE WALTON GRANGE SALE.

AT the sale of duplicates from the collection of W. Thompson, Esq.,
Walton Grange, Stone, held on May 11th and 12th last, some good prices
were realised for choice varieties, among which the following. may be
mentioned :—Odontoglossum crispum Golden Queen (figured at page 113
of our last volume), 160 guineas; QO. c. Stevensii, 110 guineas; O. c.
Alfred, 24 guineas; O. c. Kate, 20 guineas; O. sceptrum aureum, 140
guineas; O. X Ruckerianum ocellatum, 50 guineas; O. xX Wilckeanum
nobilor, 33 guineas; O. x Coradinei expansum, 20 guineas; O. xX
excellens, 20 guineas; O. x elegans, Pollett’s var., 7 guineas; Cattleya
labiata Peetersii, 75 guineas; C. 1. coerulea, 28 guineas; C. x Victoria-
Regina (figured at p. 17. of our third volume), 44 guineas; C. Skinneri
alba, 30 guineas; Cypripedium insigne Dorothy, 21 guineas (in two
instances); C. Rothschildianum giganteum, 20 guineas; C. x Charles
Richman, 10 guineas; Lelio-cattleya x Pallas, 12 guineas; Lelia x
Gouldiana, It guineas; L. anceps Dawsoni, 6 guineas; Oncidium
ornithorhynchum album, 10 guineas; and Epiphronitis Xx Veitchii, 7
guineas.

ORCHIDS AT RICHMOND HORTICULTURAL SHOW.

‘A NUMBER of good Orchids were exhibited on the annual show of the Rich-
mond Horticultural Society, held on June 29th, in the Old Deer Park.

In the class for six exotic Orchids, the first prize was won by H. Little,
Esq., The Barons, Twickenham (gr. Mr. Howard), for Cattleya Warneri, a
splendid plant bearing four racemes and an aggregate of fourteen flowers, C.
Mossiz, C. Mendelii, C. Warscewiczii, Lelia tenebrosa, and Cypripedium
superbiens. The second went to Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East
Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), for Cattleya Mossie Reineckeana andtwo other fine
forms of C. Mossiz, Lelia tenebrosa, Aérides Fieldingii and Cypripedium
Rothschildianum.

H. Little, Esq., also contributed a fine group, to which a Silver-gilt
Medal was given. It contained a fine Odontoglossum citrosmum with seven
racemes, Vanda teres, Thunia Marshalliana, Cypripedium Exul, Dendrobium
Suavissimum, Cymbidium Lowianum, Lelia tenebrosa, Cattleya Schilleriana,
and other good Cattleyas.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 251

A similar award went to Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, whose
group contained a remarkably fine form of Cattleya Warscewiczii, C.
Mossiz Reineckeana, and other good Cattleyas, Lelia tenebrosa, Phaius
Humblotii, the remarkable Bulbophyllum barbigerum, whose mobile lip was
a great source of interest to visitors, and a fine plant of Nanodes Meduse
bearing six flowers.

ORCHIDS AT THE HANLEY PARK FETE.

THIs young show, the second of the series organised by the Corporation of
Hanley, was held on July 6th and 7th, when Orchids came out strongly,
both in the special classes and in the groups of plants arranged for effect,
Mr. Cypher using them generously, and also Mr. Jenkinson, of Newcastle,
Staffordshire, who had some wonderfully grown plants of Phalenopsis
amabilis.

The classes for collections of Orchids not to occupy more than 100 feet
of space were arranged in a semi-circle, on 2-tier stages, at the bottom of the
large tent.

The premier group was a fine collection, consisting principally of Odonto-
glossums, arranged with palms and ferns on a bank of green moss, which
hid entirely the pots and stage and brought the colours up very distinctly.
It contained most of the species in bloom at the present time, together with
a few good Cypripediums, as C. Curtisii with ten flowers, superbiens,
Rothschildianum, X Goweri superbum, and others, also some fine Cochlioda
Neoetzliana, one plant bearing eleven spikes. This collection came from W.
Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens).

The second prize lot came from Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, and con-
tained a very fine Odontoglossum luteopurpureum, Epidendrum prismato-
carpum with twelve spikes, a splendid Dendrobium Dalhousieanum with ten
spikes, together with Cattleya Mossiz, Mendelii, Warscewiczii, Lzelia pur-
purata, Thunia Marshalliana, &c.

Mr. J. Robson, of Altrincham, came in third, with a nice little collection.

In the class for eight Orchids, Mr. Blair, gardener to the. Duke of Suther-
land, Trentham, was the first, with Epidendrum vitellinum bearing twenty
spikes, Masdevallia Harryana trenthamensis, M. H. Thompson’s scarlet, a
grand piece of Odontoglossum crispum bearing three spikes, Cattleya
Mendelii, C. Gaskelliana, Miltonia vexillaria, and Oncidium macranthum.
The greater portion of these were made-up plants.

Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, came in a good second, bing group containing
a fine Oncidium macranthum, Vanda ccerulea with two spikes, Epidendrum
prismatocarpum with seven spikes, Platyclinis filiformis with twenty-two
spikes, and others.

252 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

In the Class for six, B. Howson, Esq., Newcastle, was a good first with
Lelia purpurata bearing four spikes, Cattleya Gaskelliana, C. Mossie, C.
Warscewiczii, C. Warneri, and a good Epidendrum prismatocarpum. J. C.
Waterhouse, Esq., Prestbury, was a very good second.

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Bradford, had a very fine collection,
not for competition, to which the judges awarded a Gold Medal. It
contained a splendid plant of Ceelogyne Dayana with eight or nine spikes, the
pretty Oncidium spilopterum, O. Phalznopsis, Lzlio-cattleya x Iolanthe,
L.-c. X Lady Wigan, Epidendrum Wallisii, and various other good
Orchids.

This show bids fair to outstrip most of the others in the neighbourhood,
especially in the Orchids and plant groups, and the Committee and
Secretary (Mr. Kent) deserve the warmest thanks and support of the
Pottery district for their enterprise, and it seemed to be appreciated by the
enormous numbers that attended the show.

The Secretary, having in mind the late loss of plants at the Temple
show, adopted a badge, which was distributed in the afternoon of the
closing day to exhibitors and assistants, and, at the closing of the tents, only
those with this badge on were allowed to stay in, the others being all turned
out, and two policemen were placed at the entrance of every tent, who
allowed no one to pass in or out without this emblem of authority. In
addition, the tents were lit up with powerful electric lights, so that packing
could be done with comfort. When will the R. H. S. do likewise ?

a oe

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND
ORCHID SOCIETY,

A MEETING of this Society was held at the Manchester Coal Exchange on
July 14th, 1898, when the following members of the committee were
present :—Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair), Law-Schofield,
Leemann, Greenwood, Weathers, Johnson, Holmes, and Mills (hon.
secretary).

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed a very
fine and well-grown plant of Cypripedium X callo-Rothschildianum, which
was awarded both a First-class Certificate and a Cultural Certificate.
C. xX selligero-Rothschildianum (Award of Merit), and Cattleya Mossiz
Gratrix’s variety (Award of Merit).

E. Stanley Clark, Esq., Wrexham (gr. Mr. Edwards), showed a fine
plant of Oncidium macranthum, Cattleya superba, and Odontoglossum
Pescatorei.

THE ORCHID REVIEW 253

Gust. Kleinjung, Esq., Alderley Edge (gr. Mr. Oakes), showed a very
fine plant of Odontoglossum hastilabium, which received a Cultural
Certificate.

W. H. Almond, Esq., Blackburn, showed a dark Cattleya of the
labiata group, very much in the way of C. Warneri.

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), showed a very fine
form of Lelia purpurata named Annie Louise, very much in the way of
Backhouseana (Award of Merit), a good form of Cypripedium Godefroyz
leucochilum (Award of Merit), and Laelio-cattleya xX Lady Wigan, the
flower of which was quite gone over.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed Cattleya
Mendelii superba and Cattleya Warscewiczii Empress.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed Cypripedium
Rothschildianum giganteum.

H. H. Bolton, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Eastwood), showed Cypri-
pedium Godefroyz leucochilum.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed an exceedingly fine Cattleya
Gaskelliana magnifica, which received an Award of Merit.

At the meeting held on July 28th, the following members were present :—
Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair), Law-Schofield, Greenwood,
Backhouse, Robson, and Mills (hon. sec.).

Samuel Gratrix. Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed
Lelio-cattleya xX Canhamiana alba (First-class Certificate), and Cypri-
pedium X excelsior, var. Mars (Award of Merit).

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Schill), showed
Cattleya Warscewiczii Schofieldiana, the flower rather small with very
dark lip (First-class Certificate), Cypripedium x Alfred Hollington (Award
of Merit), and C. x Clinkaberryanum.

H. Shaw, Esq., J.P., Birch Vale (gr. Mr. Cliffe), showed Cattleya
Forbesii.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed Lezlio-cattleya x callisto-
glossa ignescens, a very fine cross between C. Warscewiczii Sanderiana
and L. purpurata (First-class Certificate), L.-c. x Amesiana, a pretty flower,
though somewhat undecided in colour ‘Award of Merit), L.-c. x
Zephyra, Cattleya Eldorado alba, C. x Enid, and Phaius Humblotii.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Bradford, showed a magnificent form of
Cattleya Gaskelliana alba (First-class Certificate), and Lzlio-cattleya x
Adolphus, being a cross between L. cinnabarina and C. Aclandiz.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed a very fine dark form of Cattleya
granulosa Schofieldiana (Award of Merit), and Brassia Lawrenceana
longissima,

254 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

AT the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society held at the Drill Hall,
James Street, Westminster, on July 12th, there was a great falling off in
the number of exhibits, as is usual at this period. The members of the
Orchid Committee present were as follows :—H. J. Veitch, Esq. (in the
chair), and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), H. Ballantine, H. J. Chapman,
W. Cobb, De B. Crawshay, S. Courtauld, J. Douglas, E. Hill, H. Little,
H. M. Pollett, W. H. Protheroe, A. H. Smee, W. H. White, H. Williams,
and W. H. Young.

J. W. Temple, Esq., Leyswood, Groombridge (gr. Mr. Bristow), staged
a brilliant group of Cattleya Warscewiczii. It contained forty-three plants,
bearing an aggregate of over 160 flowers, and showed a range of variation
from the lightest to the darkest forms. Many of the plants were from an
importation made in 1883. A Silver Flora Medal was deservedly awarded.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), showed
Vanda X Miss Joaquim, with a splendid inflorescence of twelve flowers and
three buds (Cultural Commendation), and Oncidium albo-verrucosum, a
supposed new species, bearing an inflorescence of bright yellow flowers,
with some brown bars on the sepals, and a white warted crest, some of the
flowers being abortive (Botanical Certificate).

H. Hicks, Esq., Bramwood, Chelmsford (gr. Mr. Machar), showed a
splendid specimen of Dendrobium Dearei, with pseudobulbs over 3 feet
long, and bearing thirteen fine spikes. The largest pseudobulb bore three
racemes and an aggregate of thirty-three flowers, and four spikes had
previously been cut. It was stated that the plant had been in the collection
for four years, and on a previous occasion had been in bloom more or less
continuously from April until the following February. A Silver Banksian
Medal aud a Cultural Commendation were awarded.

Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), sent a
branched inflorescence of Odontoglossum crispum, having white flowers
with a few light purple blotches in front of the lip’s crest.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
sent Cattleya Warscewiczii var. Rothschildiana, a handsome form devoid of
the yellow blotches on the bright purple lip.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, showed the chaste
Cattleya Gaskelliana alba, and a pretty blush-tinted form of the species, also
Bulbophyllum Dearei, a pretty form of Odontoglossum citrosmum having
the flowers spotted with rose, Cypripedium X Alice, and C. x T. W. Bond.

Mr. W. Bull, Chelsea, showed Oncidium macranthum chelseense, a

fine torm having purple-tinted sepals and a purple blotch at the base of the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 255

At the meeting held on July 26th, the exbibits were again not numerous,
though several choice things appeared. The members present were :—H.
J. Veitch, Esq. (in the Chair), and Messrs. J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.), H.
Ballantine, T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, N. C. Cookson, De B.
Crawshay, J. T. Gabriel, H. Little, F. Mason, H. M. Pollett, F. J. Thorne,
R. Young, and W. H. Young.

A magnificent plant of Odontoglossum coronarium was sent by W. G.
Groves, Esq., Holehird, Windemere, to which a Silver Flora Medal was
awarded. It was on a teak raft, 3ft. long by 2ft. broad, and had several
leading growths, and two strong spikes with an aggregate of over fitty fine
flowers.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. Chapman),
received an Award of Merit for a fine form of Lelio-cattleya x Schilleriana,
called Cambridge Lodge variety, in which the sepals and petals were
tinged with lilac, and the lip nearly entire, with a bright rose-purple front
lobe.

W. C. Clark, Esq., Orleans House, Sefton Park, Liverpool, showed
Cypripedium x Mrs. Walter Clark (C. x Ashburtoniz expansum X
Stonei), a fine hybrid approaching C. x Morganiz in general character.

N. C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray),
“showed the handsome Cattleya X Lord Rothschild (figured at page 337 of
our fourth volume), the flowers also being very fragrant.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke),
showed Cattleya Gaskelliana Crawshayana, a good form, with light rose
sepals and petals and a paler lip, without any of the usual darker colour on
the front lobe.

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., New-Hall-Hey, Rawtenstall, Manchester
(gr. Mr. Schill), sent a very richly coloured form of Cattleya Warscewiczii,
with rather small eye-like blotches on the lip.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, showed
several fine hybrids, the most remarkable being Lelio-cattleya X Ingramii
gigantea, with an enormous richly-coloured flower nearly eight inches
across, to which a First-class Certificate was given. The others were the
very showy L.-c. xX callistoglossa ignescens, the old L.-c. x Amesiana,
L.-c. X Lucilia (L.-c. x Schilleriana.? x C. Dowiana ¢ ), a handsome
thing with white sepals and petals, having some rosy markings on the latter,
and a dark brilliant purple lip, L.-c. x Zephyra, Cattleya x Enid
(Mossie @ X Warscewiczii 3), and Masdevallia X Imogene (Schlimii ?
xX Veitchana 3), a pretty novelty, most like the former in shape and the
several-flowered spike, but approaching the latter in colour. To this, an
Award of Merit was given.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, staged a small but very

256 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

showy group, including a well-flowered Vanda coerulea, a handsomely
spotted Odontoglossum crispum, two fine Cattleya Gaskelliana alba, and
some fine examples of C. Warscewiczii and C. Mendelii.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, showed Cypripedium Xx Orion
(xX C.selligerum majus @ XxX Rothschildianum g), a fine hybrid, inter-
mediate in character, having cream-white arching petals with chocolate-
coloured blotches.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

ACANTHEPHIPPIUM CurtTisi, Rchb. f.,° VAR. ALBIDUM, EL; Lind.—
Lindenia, t. 619.

CIRRHOPETALUM PICTURATUM, Lodd.—Lindenia, t. 622.

C@LOGYNE Swaniana, Rolfe.—Bot. Mag., t. 7602.

CYPRIPEDIUM ROTHSCHILDIANUM, Rchb., VAR. PLATYTZNIUM, L. Lind.
—Lindenia, t. 623.

CYPRIPEDIUM X WinczianuM, L. Lind.—Lindenia, t. 620.

CYPRIPEDIUM X (two unnamed).— Wien. Ill. Gart. Zeit., July, p. 237,
t. 2. These are apparently forms of C. x Lathamianum and C.
Leeanum.

DENDROBIUM STRATIOTES..—Journ. of Hort., July 28, p. 69, fig. 13.

DENDROBIUM TAURINUM, Lindl.—Lindenia, t. 621.

ERIA LATIBRACTEATA, Rolfe.— Bot. Mag., t. 7605.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM, Lind!.; var. Mooreanum, L. Lind.—
Lindenia, t. 624.

ODONTOGLOossuM X WILCKEANUM, Rchb. f., vaR. LINDENI, Grign.—
Lindenia, t. 617.

PuHalus X NORMANI, O’Br.—Lindenia, t. 618.

PHALZNOPSIS X LUEDDE-VIOLACEA.—Gard. Chron., July 16, p. 43,
Bp. 17,

STANHOPEA RopiGAsIANa.—Gard. Chron., July 9, pp. 31, 32, fig. 9.

WaRSCEWICZELLA LINDENI.—Journ. of Hort., July 21, pp. 50, 51, fig. ro.
This is W. amazonica, Rchb. f.

: CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in
some cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue.)

R. H.M. We fail to find any record of the hybrid Cattleya sent, and thus cannot state
either the parentage or raiser. Correspondents would oblige by always stating briefly what
they know of the origin of any new or unnamed hybrid they may send. Inattention to
this point causes unnecessary trouble, and has occurred twice since our last issue.

De B.C. Flowers mentioned not yet received.

E. T., Orange. Is it quite certain that the Cypripedium is a hybrid ?

Photographs received, with thanks. O. O W., AG:

Gig ee

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BY
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Price List containing full information
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NEW AND RARE ORCHIDS.

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SEPTEMBER, 1808.

Aérides odoratum (Fig. 14)

_ Botanical Orchids at Kew... Phe
Calendar of Operations for September
Correspondence, &c.

ey maculata

Contents.

Manchester and
Orchid Society
_ Odontoglossum crispum
/ Odortoglossums a at Jb

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VoL. VI.] SEPTEMBER, 18608. LNo. 69.

NOTES,

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James Street, Westminster, during September, on the 6th and 20th
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour,
12 o'clock, noon.

On the former occasion a lecture will be given by Mr. J. W. Burkinshaw,
at 3 p.m., on Disas.

The September meetings of the Manchester and North of England
“~ Orchid Society will be held on the 8th and 22nd. The Orchid Committee
meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection after 1 o’clock.

\ A superb spike of Lelio-cattleya x elegans Macfarlanei bearing eight
flowers is sent from the collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., The Woodlands,
Streatham, by Mr. Coles. The sepals and petals are suffused with pink,
irregularly flaked with rose-purple near the margins, especially on the

petals; the lip strongly trilobed, the side lobes strongly infolded, dorsally

flattened, and suffused with pink, and the front lobe roundish, undulate, and
of a brilliant amethyst colour. It is very beautiful, and last year it bore a
_ spike of nine flowers.

_ Flowers of a very fine form of Cattleya x Lord Rothschild are sent from
the collection of N. C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne, by
Mr. Murray, who remarks that it is much finer than the one exhibited last

258 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

month at the Royal Horticultural Society, and from a different plant. The
lip is 2} inches across, and the yellow blotches on either side of the throat
extend nearly to the margins of the side lobes, and half-way to the apex of
the front lobe, forming a splendid contrast with the crimson-purple of the
latter, and the rose-pink of the sepals and petals.

Some fine flowers of the superb Disa grandiflora are sent from the
collection of John S. Moss, Esq., Wintershill, Bishop’s Waltham. Unfor-
tunately, they throw no further light on the question of the occurrence of
branched spikes in this species, to which attention was called at page 230.

A handsome flower of Cattleya Warscewiczii Sanderiana from the
collection of F. M. Burton, Esq., Highfield, Gainsborough, has the petals
3 inches broad, and the rest of the flower correspondingly well
developed, and of excellent form and colour. In two other cases
flowers of this species have been sent, which were purchased as C. Dowiana
aurea, but the explanation is that the two grow together, and, in some cases,
are difficult to distinguish out of flower.

Abnormal flowers in the Phragmipedium group are frequently met with,
anda flower of P. X Dominianum from the collection of Mrs. Hollond,
Wonham, Bampton, N. Devon, is remarkable for having every part of the
flower represented by a single organ. The dorsal sepal is united to the
lower one, the place of the former being occupied by a single petal, opposite
to which is placed the single anther.

An inflorescence of the rare and pretty Dendrobium bracteosum, with
about a dozen richly coloured flowers, also comes from the same collection.
It is one of the brightest forms we have seen.

A fine flower of Cypripedium x Cleopatra (C. Hookere @ x C. X
cenanthum superbum ¢) is sent from the collection of Eustace F. Clark,
Esq., of Teignmouth. The foliage is very handsome, and most resembles
C. Hooker ; and the peduncle, which is over twenty inches high, shows
the influence of the same parent, while the flower is fairly intermediate
between the two, though larger. Mr. Clark observes that it is more robust
than either parent, and its foliage one of the handsomest in his collection.
Its parentage is rather complex, as may be seen by an analysis at page 362
of our fourth volume.

An inflorescence of Miltonia vexillaria rubella—the small autumn-
blooming form—comes from the collection of F. Hardy, Esq., of Ashton-
on-Mersey, together with a flower which is similar in general character,
except for a deep purple blotch on the lip, like that of M, v. Leopoldi.,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 259

The history of this late-flowering form still seems imperfectly known,
though Lehmann states that it is a distinct geograghical form discovered
by Wallis in 1876, and subsequently gathered by himself.

The interesting little Dictionnaire Iconographique des Orchidées of Messrs.
Cogniaux and Goosens continues to progress, and we note in the number
which last reached us the beautiful Odontoglossum crispum Franz Masereel,
Lelio-cattleya x Myra, Cymbidum grandiflorum, Masdevallia Chimera,
Oncidum spilopterum, and other handsome things. The plant figured as
Scuticaria Steelii, however, is S. Hadwenii, and Odontoglossum x
harvengtense is certainly not a hybrid between O. crispum and O.
sceptrum, bearing no resemblance to them, either in crest, column-wings,
or, indeed, in any essential character. It is a variety of O. x excellens, a
natural hybrid between O. Pescatorei and triumphans.

A fine flower of Masdevallia Chimzera is sent by Messrs. Charlesworth &
Co., Heaton, Bradford, in which the markings are less numerous than usual,
and thus the yellow ground-colour is very well developed, giving it a very
distinct appearance.

It is interesting to note that Lzlio-cattleya x Schilleriana has again
been raised artificially. M. Ch. Maron, of Brunoy, records (Revue
Horticole, July 16th, p. 335), having raised a hybrid between Cattleya
amethystina (which is synonymous with intermedia) and Lelia purpurata.
He calls it Lelio-cattleya x elegans, but it must be remembered that the
so-called white forms of elegans really belong to Schilleriana, to which the
present one also evidently belongs.

Flowers of a beautiful hybrid Odontoglossum are sent from the
collection of Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen, by Mr.
Young. It is said to have been purchased from Messrs. F. Sander & Co.
as the reverse cross of Odontoglossum X crispo-Harryanum, exhibited at
the Temple Show, and described at page 170. We should like to know its
exact history, as Messrs. Sander are thought to have obtained it from the
Continent, but M. Vuylsteke writes us that he cannot throw any light on
the question. The sepals and petals are yellowish-white, irregularly barred
and blotched with light purple, and the lip similar, with numerous small
spots on the basal half.

Flowers of the handsome Cattleya x Atalanta, a very large and
beautiful form of Lzlio-cattleya x Ingramii, Epidendrum Meduse, and
Masdevallias torta and peristeria are also sent, together with Sobralia x
Wiganie, the latter being one of those beautiful forms allied to S. x
Veitchii which are suspected to be natural hybrids,

260 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

We learn from Mr. White that the remarkable Sobralia Cattleya is at
last showing a bud in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, at Burford.
It is a most interesting circumstance, for the species has been cultivated in
several collections for many years, but no one has previously succeeded in
flowering it. The bud appears on a small side shoot near the top of one
of the tallest growths.

CORYANTHES MACULATA.

A fine specimen of this remarkable Orchid has just flowered in the
Nepenthes House at Kew, producing four spikes of one to three flowers
each. Like those of Stanhopea, they only last but a short time, but they
are very remarkable in structure, as may be seen by the figure of the variety
vitrina (Orch. Rev., iv., p. 305, fig. 15). The present one differs in being
regularly spotted all over the sepals and petals. It was observed that the
liquid began to exude from the glands at the base of the column soon after
the flowers began to expand, and the drops followed each other at intervals
for some considerable time. In one case the bucket was observed to be
full up to the opening and a drop had trickled down the outside to the
bottom. It must be an interesting sight to see these plants flowering in
their native home. Mr. James Rodway, speaking of this particular
species, remarks that ‘‘at seven in the morning the buds were a trifle
loose, and they must have opened an hour later. At half-past eight,
the bees were seen round the fully-opened flowers, and, an hour later, every
pollen mass had been carried away. At the latter period, from six to eight
bees were continually hovering round, crawling under the dome-like
appendage above the cup, and dropping into the trap below. Their green
and gold bodies flashed in the light as they buzzed round; on one of them
a pair of pollen masses between the shoulders showed conspicuously
against the metallic green back. . . . The problem which puzzles us
most is how these bees, which we never see at other times, discovered the
flowers were open. There was a perfume, but this was not very strong.
No bees came in the afternoon or next day” (Timehri, 1893, pp. 269, 270).
I also observed that the perfume was rather faint. The species was
originally sent from Demerara by Mr. C. S. Parker, to the Liverpool
' Botanic Garden, where it flowered in June, 1831, and was figured at plate
3102 of the Botanical Magazine.

R. A. RoLFe.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 261

DIES ORCHIDIANZ,

I REGRET to learn that no information is yet to hand as to the where-
abouts of M. Jules Hye’s Orchids, which disappeared so mysteriously
from the Temple Show. I note, however, in the Chronique Orchidéene
for March, 1898, a short account of the matter, under the title, ‘‘ Strange
disappearance of Orchids,” and as the date is at least two months before
the event took place, it would appear that the mystery deepens.

The unfortunate event shows the necessity of some alteration in the
arrangements for the safe custody of exhibits at the close of a Show;
until they have been formally handed over to the parties responsible
for their removal, and I think the arrangements made by the Secretary
of the Hanley Park Féte, as recorded at page 252, are admirably suited to
meet the case. Something of the kind ought to be arranged at the
Temple Show, and other big Shows, where so many valuable plants are
brought together. If exhibitors and other authorised persons were required
to wear a badge at the closing of the tents, and all others were compelled
to retire, there would be little risk of the recurrence of such an incident.

A correspondent asks :—Will it be possible to identify those plants in
future ? and, I must confess, it isa very nice question, and one on which I do
not care to venture an opinion. Perhaps, perhaps not. One or two of them
are Tare, Or possess a certain amount of individuality, which, under certain
circumstances, might enable them to be identified, but it is difficult to
say that no others like them are known. Meantime, I do not think that
the incident is yet closed.

Another correspondent calls attention to the record of parentage of
Cypripedium x Olenus Sir Thomas Lipton, recorded at page 220 as
“derived from C. ciliolare and C. bellatulum album.” He remarks that
as the latter flowered for the first time in this country in June, 1895,
it is manifestly impossible that any seedling from it could have yet
reached the flowering stage. This is precisely the idea which struck me
at the time, and I turned up the record of C. bellatulum album in
consequence. It would be interesting to have precise records of the
matter, to see if any other explanation is possible.

I do not know whether I am expected to say anything on the question
of Disa grandiflora with branched spikes, which was left in a rather
interesting condition at page 231. Certainly the next which appears,
if it is the “ next,’’ ought to be exhibited under a glass case. Reichenbach

262 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

once wrote :—‘‘In auction rooms, drawings are shown as accurate copies
of the original plant, but which are as much like it as the fine repre-
sentations outside a menagerie are to the miserable beasts inside.” I
wish the remark applied to auction rooms only.

Last month I had some remarks to make respecting a figure of
Odontoglossum crispum Prince of Wales, which were not exactly com-
plimentary, but it gives me much pleasure to call attention of the beautiful
supplementary illustration of Vanda X Miss Joaquim (not ‘ Joachim,”
as in the text), which appeared in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for August 13th
last. Being reproduced from a photograph, it is as accurate as it is
effective, which is saying a good deal. And what a beautiful hybrid it
is! The flowers closely resemble those of V. Hookeriana—which is the
more fortunate because scarcely anyone succeeds in growing that parent
well—while it seems as easily grown as V. teres.

Before closing my present notes, I would allude to the beautiful group
of hybrid Disas, figured at page 241. It is evident that these plants
will occupy a prominent position in our collections in the future, as I
hear that other seedlings are in existence. It is also interesting to have
such a graphic illustration of the forms we already have.

ARGUS.

ee

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

SEPTEMBER will give us the last rays of our summer sun, the days become
shorter, the intense summer heat begins to wane, and the nights become
much cooler. Everthing seems to tell us that the summer has again
almost disappeared, for our houses are now beginning to show the early
stars of our autumn-flowering species.

In the Warm house several showy things are in blossom. Aérides
Lawrence and suavissimum are very fine, and always remain in flower
for three or four weeks. Ansellia confusa is also in bloom, and Galeandra
Batemaniana is not yet over. Various Selenipediums are also to be seen,
as S. longifolium, Schlimii, x Sedeni, x calurum, &c. Angrecums
Chailluanum, arcuatum, and Scottianum will remain for a part of the
present month, while A. bilobum and its variety Kirkii ought to begin to
show their spikes.

Several other plants are now showing, as Cypripedium xX Io, X
Ashburtone and Charlesworthii. The two former are two well-known
hybrids, and the latter, a handsome species well worth growing. C. X

_ Arthurianum, a cross between C. Fairrieanum and insigne, as well as C.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 263

purpuratum, are all promising. Catasetums are in full season, and their
flowers vary a great deal in shape and colour. The following species are
now in season: — albo-sanguineum, callosum, Christyanum, discolor,
fimbriatum, macrocarpum, uncatum, Bungerothii, and X_ splendens.
Dendrobium Phalenopsis is now beginning to throw up its spikes, and
will soon be in flower, and, before leaving this house, we may
mention that Mormodes_ buccinator, Cogniauxii, pardinum and_ its
variety unicolor, are already in flower, some of them being very
strongly scented.

Passing to the Intermediate department, which is gaily decorated, we
notice among the Cattleyas, which are now forming a beautiful sight, the
peculiar C. elongata, guttata, Leopoldi, Harrisoniana, and Loddigesii, the
two latter being excellent varieties. There are also the beautiful little
Lelia Dayana, with the allied L. pumila and prestans, which are all very
pretty. Cattleya Dowiana aurea blooms during September, and is
decidedly one of the richest of the genus, and finally C. Bowringiana, with
its variety violacea, will soon be in flower. Lelio-cattleya X elegans is
now in full season, and its fine spikes are among the most effective in
the house.

Several Oncidiums are still in flower, and others are following on,
amongst which are O. incurvum, Geertianum, pretextum, ornithorhynchum,
and pulvinatum. O. varicosum, and its variety Rogersii, will soon open
their first blooms. Miltonia spectabilis and its varities, bicolor, radiata,
virginalis, and the beautiful Moreliana, will be at their best, and few
Orchids surpass them at this season. Epidendrums radicans and Wallisii
are stillin flower. The little Brassia Wageneri, with its greenish flowers,
is very pretty, and the first flowers of the beautiful Vanda ccerulea are just
appearing.

In the Cool house, only a few things are to be expected. Several
Odontoglossums are sending forth their spikes, amongst which may be
mentioned O. grande, Schlieperianum, Edwardii, and retusum. O.
Harryanum is in flower, and there are still odd spikes of earlier species.
A few Masdevallia are still to be seen, and among them M. floribunda,
which is now flowering very freely, and M. maculata. M. acrochordonia '
is now opening. Stenoglottis longifolia is very effective, also the free-
blooming Spathoglottis Fortunei with its handsome yellow flowers.

In each department the plants are rapidly completing their growth for
the season, giving promise of a renewed display of flowers in the future.

ODONTO. °

264 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

HARTWEGIA KIENASTII.

In 1877, a curious little Orchid, which flowered in the collection of Consul
Kienast, of Zurich, was described by Reichenbach under the name of
Ponera Kienastii (Gard. Chron., 1877, vii., p. 810), the author remarking :—
“It forms quite a new, very curious section of the Poneras for its fleshy
leaves.” Bentham, with only the description to guide him, had written
upon the sheet, ‘‘not a Ponera,” and it was subsequently transferred to
Scaphyglottis Kienastii (Hemsl. Biol. Centr.-Amer., iii., p. 219). An
inflorescence and leaf from the original plant have now been sent to Kew
by Consul Kienast, which show that it to belongs to the genus Hartwegia.
It much resembles H. gemma, Rchb. f., in its dwarf inflorescence, and
the leaf is also subterete, channelled, and mottled with two shades of
green, but the flower is different in structure and colour. The lip has a
short saccate base, formed by its union to the sides of the column. Above
this it is sharply reflexed, after which the sides are infolded, forming a
concave limb. The flower is veined with light reddish-purple on a whitish
ground. It was originally discovered by Consul Kienast ‘‘ near Comas-
caltepec, Sultepec, Arcos,” about twenty miles from the city of Mexico,
‘in cold places, forming dense masses and patches on trees, and descending
to the soil where it grows on moss.” It can only be called a botanical
Orchid, but it is interesting to find that it is still in cultivation, and to
learn something more about it.
R. A. ROLFE.

——e-+—

THE STRUCTURE OF THE OPHRYDE.

A NOVEL view of the structure of the Ophrydee is given by Sir George
King in his introduction to the Orchids of the Sikkim Himalaya. Alluding
to the currently accepted theory that the stamen is single in this group, as
in the rest of the Monandre, Sir George King remarks:—‘‘A minute
examination of the Sikkim species convinces me that this is not the case ;
and that, in the Sikkim species at any rate, there are two stamens. This
view is not, however, taken by Mr. Pantling, who is not satisfied with the
proof of the hypothesis, and it is therefore published here on my own
responsibility. . . . . The fertile anther is said to be the middle one
of the outer whorl (i.c., the one opposite the odd sepal), the other two
anthers of the outer whorl being represented by processes on the lip, and
all the three of the inner whorl being merged in the column. One of the
stigmas is supposed to be modified into the rostellum, and the other two to
form the viscid stigmatic surface—a surface which, although usually simple,
is, in many cases, bifid or quite divided into two segments. . mre ie
however, the anther-cells of the Sikkim Ophrydez be carefully ceticd, it

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 265

will be found that it is difficult to explain their structure on the
monantherous theory. For although, in some species, the anther cells lie
close together, in many, they are widely separated, the pollinia being also
produced into long caudicles contained in canals, neither caudicles nor
canals having any apparent attachment toa rostellum. Moreover, each of
the fertile anther-cells bears on its surface a rugulose body which

referred to as the staminode. . . . . In my opinion, the ee
species of Ophrydez have really two anthers, one cell of which is fertile and
the other infertile. The infertile cell invariably occupies a position on the
outer surface of the fertile one, and is the body usually described as a
staminode. The two fertile anthers belong, in my opinion, to the inner
whorl, the infertile anther being merged in the column. In the Sikkim
Ophrydez, one of the three stigmas is infertile, and the two lateral are
fertile. These fertile stigmas are, in many species, quite distinct from each
other; in other species they are conjoined into a simple or bilobed mass.
The infertile stigma, in many of the species, is obscure ; in others, it forms a
thickened and usually curved line running between the bases of the anther-
cells. . . . . The infertile stigma acquires its greatest development in
Diplomeris hirsuta, in which it forms a large concave hood placed well in
front of the anther cells, and (in a front view) hides the whole of the latter,
except the extremities of the caudicles and their tubes. In this remarkable
plant, the two fertile pistils consist of two elongated parallel bodies,
stigmatic at the apex, which overhang the claw of the lip and point
downwards like the lip.”

This view is thus briefly summarised in the key to the tribes :—

Anther single.-—Malaxidee, Epidendree, Vande, Listereze, and
Goodyere.

Anthers two, each with only one perfect cell—Ophrydez.

Anthers two, each perfect.—Cypripediez.

Now, it is quite clear that the author has been misled by appearances in
this highly complex group. The anther of Ophrydez is single, and occupies
precisely the same position as in the rest of the Monandre, but its two cells
are often widely separated, owing to the great breadth of the connective,
and thus appear lateral. The staminodes on either side represent the two
lateral abortive stamens of the inner whorl, and do not belong to the same
staminal whorl as the fertile anther. The infertile stigma is the rostellum,
and serves the double purpose of secreting the gland, to which the pollinia
become attached, and of preventing the pollinia from falling on the stigma.
In this group it is very frequently trilobed, and the middle lobe, to which
the author wrongly restricts the term “infertile stigma,” is sometimes
nearly abortive,-or-perhaps confluent with the connective of the anther.
The side lobes of the rostellum are also confluent with the anther-channels,

266 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

and produce the gland at their apex ; yet the author says “ neither caudicles
nor canals having any apparent attachment to a rostellum.” The gland of
the pollinia is invariably rostellar in its origin, which would be impossible
according to the new hypothesis. The idea of the fertile anther cell
bearing on its surface an infertile cell or staminode is also due to the
confluence of two distinct organs. The author, in a footnote, remarks :—
“‘T have examined many flowers and drawings of species of Ophrydez in the
hope of finding a species in which the infertile cells or staminodes are
attached on the zmmer side of the fertile cells. But the only case in which I
have found such an appearance is in Mr. Bolus’s drawing of Pterygodium
carnosum, Lindl. (Orchids of the Cape Peninsula, t. 12, fig. 5). If the
structures there represented as ovoid rugulose bodies really are staminodes,
the fact affords a strong confirmation of my theory.” But, unfortunately
for the theory, those bodies are the two stigmas. The fact is that the
flowers of this group have undergone such an extraordinary amount of
distortion, owing to the suppression and division of the different organs and
the union of unlike parts with each other, that it is not safe to trust to
appearances, and, to the extent pointed out above, the characters of the tribe
Ophrydez in this work must be modified. And thesame may be said of the
remarks under Diplomeris at page 338. It is only in the most highly
specialised members of the group that this division of the anther and
rostellum are seen to such perfection, and, by working backwards to the less
modified species, every step of the development may be traced. A somewhat
similar division of the anther is seen in Mystacidium and Dendrophylax,
but no new theory is required to explain it.

: R. A. ROLFE.

LISSOCHILUS ARENARIUS.

Tuis widely diffused and pretty species of Lissochilus has at last appeared
in cultivation. Flowers which were produced in the collection of M. le Duc
de Massa, Chateau de Franconville, France, where L. giganteus is said to
flower each year, have been sent to Kew, by M. J. Sallier, of Neuilly. The
tubers were introduced a few years ago from the Congo, by M. Dybowski.
The sepals are green, slightly suffused with purple-brown, and acuminate,
while the broad petals and lip are mauve-purple, the latter being rather
darker in front of the two-horned crest, and the saccate spur yellow inside,
with a few dusky-brown dots. It is widely diffused in East and West
Tropical Africa, extending also to Natal and the Comoro Islands.

R. A. Ro.uFe.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 267

ORCHIDS IN GUIANA.

A VERY interesting paper, entitled ‘‘ Sketches of Wild Orchids in Guiana,”
by E. F. im Thurn, F.R.H.S., appears in the last number of the Journal of
the Royal Horticultural Society. The subject was down, some years ago, for
one of the afternoon lectures, though circumstances did not permit the
author to keep his engagement.

The author remarks that Guiana is a land of Orchids, but not of showy
Orchids. He has devoted attention to nearly 300 Guiana species, but thinks
it doubtful if the ordinary grower would care to have more than a dozen of
them in his houses. The most desirable kinds he enumerates are Oncidium
Lanceanum, Cattleyas superba and Lawrenceana, Zygopetalums
rostratum, venustum, and Burkei, Paphinia cristata, Ionopsis paniculata,
Rodriguezia candida, and perhaps Catasetum longifolium. The district
referred to lies between 7 and 8 degrees north of the equator, all of it being
of low elevation and covered with the densest forest, only broken by the
wider rivers and by small patches of wet and dry savannah.

Two of the best Orchids of Guiana are to be found by the seaside.
Behind the sandbanks, the mangroves often attain a considerable size, and
it is high up on trees of this kind, exposed almost to the full blaze of the
sun, that Oncidium Lanceanum grows most luxuriantly. It is said to be
widely but sparsely distributed, and a most successful garden Orchid in the
colony. Masses of it may be seen in the older gardens of Georgetown, and,
in one case, a mass, which had been sold, was found to be too big for the
cart sent to fetch it, and it had to be divided. Diacrium bicornutum also
clings to the more exposed boughs, and seems to enjoy the blaze of the sun
and the full exposure to the salt-laden wind. Epidendrum fragrans, in
places, clothes the otherwise bare trunks of the mangroves which border the
large rivers for many miles from the sea. In places, colonies of Coryanthes
maculata are found, the roots being matted together by ants into a round,
black mass. Epidendrum imatophyllum and Schomburgkii occur in the
same places, and with much the same habits.

On some of the smallest twigs of the water-washed bushes on the
smaller creeks, deeper in the forest, cling the tiny, Iris-like plants, bearing
comparatively enormous yellow flowers, of Oncidium iridifolium, while,
higher up the same bushes, on the stouter branchlets, hang clusters of the
dark-green leaves of Rodriguezia secunda, its long spikes of large, intensely
ruby-coloured flowers looking more jewel-like than ever when one happens
to see them against the strong light of that sky. In similar places, but
more rarely, grows R. candida, with broader, darker leaves and large, white
flowers, whose beauty is increased by the pale, lemon-coloured throat of the
labellum.

268 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A characteristic Orchid, with a pendent habit, has long wiry rhizomes,
much-sheathed pseudobulbs and long grassy leaves, and bears shortly
stalked white or whitish flowers, individually beautiful and still more
beautiful in the mass, which are sometimes familiarly spoken of in the
colony as ‘‘snowdrops.” This, we may add, is Camaridium ochroleucum.
On some of the trees, where the branches leave the trunks in the upper
angles, nestle, their roots crowded with large, black, stinging ants, clumps of
Stanhopea eburnea, and in similar places, but generally near the ground,
and so placed that the flowers can rest on the vegetable débris, are found
Peristerias pendula and cerina. Up the tree trunks, almost always on the
side away from the creek and from the faint light which there prevails,
closely cling luxuriant masses of Zygopetalum rostratrum, its huge, white,
violet-veined flowers standing out with almost startling clearness from the
gloom in which it grows. On the lighter sides of the same trunks grow,
not in masses, but widely-scattered and singly, delightfully neat little plants
of Paphinia cristata, its purple flowers, barred with white, extraordinarily
difficult to see in the half-light natural to it. Stenia pallida grows in similar
positions. Much higher up the trees, but still in the shade of the leafy
roof, and almost always overhanging the water, occur the Gongoras, with
necklace-like strings of flowers of several colours.

On bushes in the wet savannahs are vast masses of Epidendrum
oncidioides, with clustering pseudobulbs and narrow leaves, whose innumer-
able straw-coloured flowers, tossed up into the air on very long flower-stalks,
sometimes in such profusion as almost to dim the light, fill the air with a scent
as of newly-flowering Hawthorn. Nor is this the only, or perhaps the most
striking, Orchid of such places, as, from innumerable of the smaller branches
of the bushes and from many of the woody aroid stems, hang long, loose
clusters of Ionopsis paniculata, with its light clouds of pale, violet-coloured
flowers, apparently hardly held together by anything substantial enough to
be called a stalk.

We have ventured to extract and condense a few graphic extracts from
this most interesting paper, which should be read in the original, and we
also reproduce the concluding paragraph, which has a practical importance
for us.

“TI have found by experience in my own garden (which it must, how-
ever, be remembered is in the tropics),’”’ the author observes, ‘‘ that a great
many small Orchids which it seems difficult or impossible to establish in
pots or on blocks, or in any of the ordinary methods of the garden, can
be established very readily—so readily that in the tropics they soon seed
themselves freely over the garden—on growing plants of garden shrubs.
Such shrubs as the various species of Tabernamontana, Jasminum, Gardenia,
Hibiscus, Coffea, and even Crotons, make suitable hosts for Ionopsis

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 269

paniculata, as also for the much rarer I. teres, for Ondidium iridifolium,
Rodriguezia (including R. candida), and, in short, for most of those
which grow naturally on the outer branchlets of trees or shrubs, and
are consequently much exposed to the sun, and are, at the same time, pro-
vided with ideally perfect drainage. The conditions in an English stove, of
course, differ very materially from those of a tropical garden; but it would,
perhaps, be worth the experiment whether some of the small ‘ difficult
things’ might not be grown on living hosts.”

ONCIDIUM KIENASTIANUM.

OncipDIUM KIENASTIANUM was described by Reichenbach twenty years ago
(Gard. Chron., 1879, ix., p. 558), from a plant which had been imported by
‘Roezl, it was supposed, from Northern Peru, and flowered in the collection
of Consul Kienast, at Zurich. It was described as “ of near affinity to the
rather well-known Oncidum trilingue of Dr. Lindley,” being, however,
“very distinct in its much shorter bracts, in the different colour of the
flowers, the very different keels of the lip, and in the very much less
developed undulation of the sepals.” It is very interesting to find that the
original type plant still exists, Consul Kienast having now sent an
inflorescence to Kew. Unfortunately for the description, this specimen
proves to be O. trilingue itself, none of the differences pointed out being
present, and thus we may suppose that the plant was not fully developed
when the description was made. On the other hand, it is interesting, after
this lapse of time, to know what the plant really is, and relegate it to its
Proper position. O. trilingue first flowered in the collection of Sir Phillip
Egerton, in April, 1850. It had been collected by Warscewicz, no doubt
at the sources of the Maranon River, Peru, from which locality he sent
dried specimens. It is a very distinct species of the O. macranthum group,
with very undulate sepals and petals, but rather dingy in colour.

Another species is somewhat affected by the above discovery. At the
Temple Show, in 1892, a plant was exhibited by Messrs. F. Sander & Co.,
under the name of Oncidum Rolfeanum, to which a Botanical Certificate
was given, This I at first thought might be O. Kienastianum, though I
remarked that there were characters which, if correctly given, would show
it to be specifically distinct (Gard. Chron., 1892, xii., p. 34). O. trilingue
was, of course, well known, and much too distinct to be confused. Several
other species of this group are only known from Reichenbach’s descriptions,
and all may not prove distinct when his Herbarium comes to be opened.

R. A. ROLFE,

270 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

THE HYBRIDIST.
SOPHROCATTLEYA X CHAMBERLAINII.

A MosT beautiful hybrid has been sent from the collection of the Right
Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P. It is one of a number of seedlings derived
from a cross between Cattleya Harrisoniana 9 and Sophronitis grandi-
flora ¢, and thus would, at first sight, appear to be the reversed cross of
Sophrocattleya x Calypso, raised by Messrs. Veitch. A comparison, how-
ever, shows the two to be remarkably different, for which reason we
have treated the present one as distinct. Cattleya Loddigesii and C.
Harrisoniana are a good deal confused in gardens, but the former has more
ample side lobes to the lip, a paler, nearly smooth disc, broader petals, and
greater substance of the flower generally, all of which characters are
strongly marked in Sophrocattleya xX Calypso, as compared with the
present hybrid, which latter, we are assured, is certainly derived from C.
Harrisoniana. Future experiments may, perhaps, throw further light on
the suggestions offered. The present hybrid shows much of the character
of C. Harrisoniana in the sepals and petals, the colour, however, being
modified to clear, deep, brilliant rose-purple, which also extends to the front
lobe of the lip and round the margin of the side lobes. The disc and throat
are bright yellow, passing to white towards the base. In shape, the lip
shows a good deal of the Sophronitis character. It is a brilliantly coloured
and very charming little plant, and is rather more comparable with
Sophrocattleya x Veitchii than with S. x Calypso. There are other
seedlings which have not yet reached the flowering stage.
SOPHROCATTLEYA X GEORGE Harpy.

A very pretty little hybrid was exhibited at the Royal Horticultural
Society’s meeting on May roth last by F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-
on-Mersey, under the above name, and received an Award of Merit. A
flower has now been sent by Mr. Stafford, who remarks that it was derived
from “ Sophronitis grandiflora x Cattleya Aclandiz.” It combines well
the characters of the two parents, the flower being larger than in the
Sophronitis ; the sepals and petals somewhat incurved, and of light reddish-
purple tint, with a few small darker spots; and the lip larger, somewhat
obtuse, and more purple, with a deep yellow disc and some veining in the
throat. It is an interesting addition to the group.

ODONTOGLOssUM xX ROLFEZ.

Another most distinct and charming hybrid Odontoglossum has
flowered with M. Ch. Vuylsteke, of Loochristy, who obtained it by crossing
O. Pescatorei with the pollen of O. Harryanum. The raiser states that the
plant is strong and robust in growth, and has now produced a first spike of

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 271

seven flowers, one of which has been kindly sent. The way the characters
of the parents are combined is very remarkable. The general shape of the
flower is almost that of O. Harryanum, but with the petals as widely
expanded as the sepals; thus it is nearly flat. The ground colour, however,
is ivory white, slightly stained with purple at the tips of the sepals, and all
the segments bear numerous, small, purple spots, those of the lip being
confined to the basal half, and those of the petals aggregated in a zone near
the centre. The flower measures just three inches from tip to tip of the
petals, which latter and the sepals are nine lines broad, and the lip an inch
broad. This organ is also flat, and somewhat pandurate, with the crest
much like that of O. Harryanum, only the hairs are shorter and stouter.
The column-wings are narrow, serrulate, and white, with several brown spots,
thus recalling O. Pescatorei. It is very beautiful, and we must again
congratulate M. Vuylsteke on his success with this difficult genus, this
being the third hybrid Odontoglossum which he has flowered during the
present year, M. Vuylsteke wishes it to bear the above name.

PAPHIOPEDIUM X MAHLER2.

Flowers of a very handsome hybrid, derived from P. Rothschildianum xX
Lawrenceanum, are sent from the collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., The
Woodlands, Streatham, and well combine the characters of the two parents.
The dorsal sepal is very large, broadly ovate, and acute, with a greenish-
yellow ground colour, and about nineteen strong, longitudinal, purple-brown
stripes, with a few slender intermediate ones. The petals are rather spread-
ing, tapering to the apex, nearly four inches long, and strongly ciliate, with
a similar ground colour, and numerous, purple-brown spots which are
prominent and wart-like towards the base. The lip is most like P. Lawrence-
anum in character, as is also the staminode, being broad, trilobed, and
nearly flat, but very pubescent at the base. In its racemose character it
most resembles P. Rothschildianum, and is one of the finest hybrids derived
from that species which we have yet seen.

CATTLEYA X H. HANNINGTON.

Another handsome hybrid has been sent from the collection of R. H.
Measures, Esq., with the above. Mr. Coles states that it was derived from
a very fine form of C. Leopoldi, crossed with the pollen of a plant they have
under the name of Lzlio-cattleya X Marion, of whose origin and parentage
they have no record. It is much like a glorified edition of the seed-parent,
for the flower is considerably increased in size and in its richness of colour-
ing, while, at the same time, retaining the same general character. The
pollen agrees with Cattleya, and, if the pollen parent is a true Lzlio-cattleya
as its name implies, most of the original Lelia character seems now to have
been lost, It is certainly very handsome.

272 ‘THE ORCHID REVIEW,

BOTANICAL ORCHIDS AT KEW.

LikE their more showy brethren, botanical Orchids show a diminution in
numbers during the hot summer months, but several of those previously
mentioned are still flowering at Kew, besides which several fresh ones are
also coming into flower, so that there is still much of interest to be seen in
this department.

Chondrorhyncha Chestertoni is well worth general cultivation. It seems,
when well-established, to flower at any time of the year. An interesting
little plant is Corycium orobanchoides, belonging to the Cape flora and
very seldom seen in cultivation. Its flowers are greenish, and possess a
peculiar odour. Dendrobiums alpestre and terminale are pretty little plants ;
the former very small in habit, and produces a quantity of flowers which
remain in perfection for several weeks, and the latter is a Burmese species
of the section Aporum, easily grown and free blooming, the flowers white
with a pink shade, and mostly terminal, but, unfortunately, they do not
last very long.

Erias are represented by two pretty little species, E. concolor, with its
small yellow flowers, and E. latibracteata, one of the most attractive species
of the genus. Of quite botanical interest is the curious Liparis reflexa, an
Australian species. Paphinia rugosa and cristata are two gems not very
often met with, the former producing large, yellowish, spotted flowers, whilst
those of the latter are of a chocolate colour, and both are worthy of general
cultivation.

Some of the small Pleurothallis are very interesting, amongst which P.
picta and maculata are very free blooming, while P. Johannis is quite a
botanical species. Masdevallia gemmata is always pretty and keeps on
flowering month after month. The peculiar Sigmatostalix radicans is also
worthy of mention.

Amongst the Warm house species, only a few are now to be Seen, and
among them the distinct Podochilus longicalcaratus with its small, long-
spurred flowers, which appear on short peduncles at the base of the leaves.
The small, white flowers of the rare Appendicula bifaria are very pretty,
and we may again mention the pretty little Ornithidium nanum, which
is still in flower. Megaclinium triste, with its blackish flowers, is another
remarkable species. Cycnoches Egertonianum, chlorochilon and Loddigesii,
all possess such curious and attractive flowers that one can only regret that
they are not more frequently met with. Trichopilia hymenantha and Sarcan-
thus Williamsoni are two of the species now showing for flower, which will
keep up the succession during the autumn.

ODONToO.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 27

AERIDES ODORATUM.

THE accompanying illustration represents a most remarkable speciman of
Aérides odoratum which has just flowered in the collection of R.
E'sq., Marlfield, West Derby, Liverpool. It has, further, a very interesting
history, which, together with the portrait, has been kindly forwarded by
Mr. le Doux. It was purchased from Messrs. John Cowan & Co., of

Gateacre Nurseries, Liverpool, and had’ previously been in the collection of

a"

S Doux,

Fic. 14. AERIDES ODORATUM.

the late Mr. E. S. Rand, of Para. That gentleman, during his lifetime, had
made an arrangement with Mr. John Cowan, of Liverpool, that, on his
death, his collection should be brought to this country and sold on account
of his executors. This Aérides was established on a tree in Mr. Rand’s

274 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

garden at Para, where it had been placed some years before when very
small, but now the speciman measures five feet six inches high, by about
three feet across. It grew very vigourously, but, so far as can be ascertained,
has not flowered before, possibly because the climate kept it in a state of
continual vegetative activity. Mr. Rand is said to have received it from
the Phillippines, where, if the record is correct, it was presumably
cultivated, as the species is not known to be indigenous there, thoigh it
ranges from Northern India to Cochin China. On learning of Mr Kand’s
death, Mr. John Cowan, Jun., went to Para to pack and bring home the
collection, which was safely accomplished, and this specimen was purchased
by Mr. le Doux, attached to the branch on which it still grows.

The check attending its removal, or the different circumstances ‘under
which it is now placed—perhaps both—has had a remarkable effect upon
the plant, which has now yielded a magnificent display of its fragrant
blossoms, sixty racemes in all, as depicted in the illustration. It was
exhibited at the Liverpool Exchange News Room on August roth last,
where it created quite a sensation, both among Orchidists and the general
public, and, on the following day, it appeared at the meeting of the
Manchester and North of England Orchid Society, when it received a
Silver Medal. Mr. le Doux must be congratulated on possessing such a
beautiful specimen, and his gardener, Mr. Archer, and Mr. Cowan, on the
care they have taken in keeping it in such evident health during, and after,
such a long and trying journey. It will be interesting to watch its future
behaviour. An inflorescence sent shows the flowers to be white, tipped
with purple on the sepals and petals, light green at the apex of the spur,
and a purple line down the centre of the front lobe of the lip, and thus is a
fairly typical form of Aérides odoratum.

———— he

ORCHIDS AT STREATHAM.

L&LI0-CATTLEYA X elegans is better represented in the collection of R. H.
Measures, Esq., The Woodlands, Streatham, than in most other private
establishments, and at the present time some twenty-five or more plants are
in flower, while others are showing. Looking through these the other day,
we made the following notes of the more striking forms. The old variety
Turneri, with its obovate front lobe, was the darkest of those in flower, and
was represented by two fine spikes. One called Sappho has rosy-purple
_ Sepals and petals, and all three lobes of the lip very dark purple. Harold
Measures has the front lobe of the lip quite sessile, extremely broad, and, as
well as the tips of the side lobes, deep purple. One, called Mrs. Mahler, has
the sepals and petals of a very light, greenish tint, with a few purple splashes

ORCHID REVIEW. 275

near the apex, and the lip very strongly three-lobed, with the side lobes
longer and narrower than usual, and tipped with rather light purple. Juno
is remarkable for having the dark purple of the side lobes extending down
the throat almost to the base of the lip, the front lobe also being very dark.
Stella has many little spots in the sepals and petals, and the side lobes of
the lip rather narrow. Murcia has the petals curiously margined near the
apex, with short, purple, radiating lines, a trace of the same character being
also apparent in the petals. Amphion is less strongly three-lobed than
usual, and the dark purple of the front lobe runs across the truncate apex of
the side lobes asa purple margin, while the outside of the tube is nearly
white. One form in flower was much larger than the average, with broad
petals, though about typical in other respects. Another had no purple at
the apex of the side lobes, while the sepals and petals were very light in
colour. One plant was showing three spikes, the best with eight flowers.
Lastly may be mentioned one curious flower in which the petals were
apparently absent, though, in reality, confluent with the dorsal sepal, and
thus presenting quite an unusual appearance. It would be interesting if all
the different named varieties in cultivation could be compared together in
this way, for there are many named forms whose characters are very little
known, and some are probably not distinct.

Several other interesting Orchids were in flower. Lelio-cattleya xX
Schilleriana was mostly over, being an earlier-flowering hybrid, but one
distinct form remained, in which the side lobes of the lip were very well
developed, but wholly white, like the sepals and petals, while the front lobe
was deep purple. A fine plant of Odontoglossum coronarium carried a spike
of thirty flowers. The beautiful Dendrobium Phalznopsis was represented
by three charming forms, but most of the plants were growing strongly at
this season and will flower in profusion later on. The rare Houlletia
odoratissima was throwing up a spike. Many Cypripediums were out,
of which C. x William Lloyd was the richest in colour. C. x
tessellatum porphyreum was in bud, and C. X miniatum was a good plant
Carrying six well-developed flowers. The new C. X selligero-Rothschild-
ianum was also very fine. We also noted C. X Godefroye and C. x G.
leucochilum, and Mr. Measures remarked that these came out of an
importation which yielded also C. concolor, C. niveum, C. bellatulum, and
several of the intermediate forms which are referred to C. X Godefroyz,
The importation was shipped from Singapore by Messrs. Walter Kemsley
and Son, and was purchased entire, as received in the cases, and divided
with his brother at Camberwell, who also had the same experience with it.
One other curious feature noted in this interesting collection was half a
dozen plants of C. insigne, in which the leaves are irregularly variegated, a
peculiarity for which no adequate reason can be assigned.

276 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID CULTURE IN BELGIUM.
(Continued from page 238.)

Two establishments at Bruges, which we particularly wished to see, were the
old-established one of M. Vincke-Dujardin, and the recent one of Messrs.
F. Sander and Co., and to these a day was devoted on our return journey.
We may take them in the order visited.

The important branch-establishment of Messrs. F. Sander and Co., at
Bruges, has been quite recently organised, indeed, at the time of our visit,
it was only partly finished, though the older part was replete with interest-
ing things. It is not by any means limited to Orchids, though with these
we are alone concerned. Four large houses have been constructed of pitch
pine, with every modern improvement, each being divided into three
compartments, and here we found thousands of the leading kinds, many
of which are being grown chiefly for cut flowers. Some Odontoglossums,
grown for this purpose, had been in leaf mould fortwo years, and were as
healthy as could be wished.

In the first range of houses visited, we found two divisions largely devoted
to Cattleya labiata, and the third to Odontoglossums, together with a few
other things ; and among the plants specially noted were a very fine speci-
men of Lelia purpurata in a basket of two feet diameter ; a form of
Ondontoglossum Pescatorei with exceptionally large flowers ; some good O.
Cervyantesii and O. Rossii, including the peculiar O. R. Ehrenbergii with
greenish markings ; and some good Oncidium concolor and Marshallianum.
The second house had one division chiefly devoted to Odontoglossums, and
two to Cattleyas and Lelias; while of the third, two contained chiefly
cool Odontoglossums, and the other, a fine lot of Lelia anceps and Odonto-
glossum grande. Among the Odontoglossums, we noted a batch of O,
triumphans and Pescatorei mixed, as imported, one very good form of the
latter being white with a few purple spots which set it off to advantage.
Here, also, was a very good form of O. X Humeanum, and other hybrids, as
O. X elegantius, and some good O. x Andersonianum and xX Wilckeanum.
The fourth house had one division largely devoted to Lycaste Skinneri and
two to Cypripediums and Cattleyas, with a few other miscellaneous things.
A healthy batch of Dendrobium Phalznopsis was suspended from the roof.
Several good Cattleya intermedia were observed in flower, also Cypripedium
Mastersianum, and Trichopilia tortilis. Lycaste Skinneri was flowering in
quantity and great variety, including several pretty forms, of which the
variety alba probably comes first, on account of the purity of its flowers.
There were also many plants of L. aromatica, and Cypripedium insigne
was, of course, represented by a large batch.

An interesting feature was the little rockeries at the ends of the houses,

4

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 277

on which some of the principal kinds in flower at the time were very
effectively arranged. In one of these, Cattleyas formed the chief feature, in
which the varieties of C. Schroedere were particularly attractive. In another
case, varieties of Odontoglossum crispum, combined with a few plants of
Cochlioda Neetzliana, proved very effective. O. cirrhosum, set up with
Masdevallia ignea and M. caudata, also formed a charming group. Two
other groups consisted of Lycaste Skinneri alba interspersed with some of
the coloured forms; and some well-flowered plants of Oncidium sarcodes set
up with scarlet Anthuriums, which formed a very pretty combination. All
the plants were in a thriving condition, and there is every indication that
the establishment is destined to take a very important position among
continental nurseries.

A visit to the large establishment of M. Vincke-Dujardin, at Scheepsdale,
Bruges, proved specially interesting on account of the excellent condition of
the Odontoglossums and other things so largely grown there for cut flowers.
O. crispum is grown in thousands, and the plants have been established for
years without showing any signs of deterioration; while other Orchids are
equally well cultivated.

The Orchid houses are arranged in a block, on the usual Belgian plan,
open underneath the staging, and without dividing walls; an arrangement
which, while forming separate houses above, secures at the same time the
best possible circulation of air, without causing cold draughts. In this case,
the houses run right and left of a large central transept, fifteen on each side,
the centre being devoted to Palms. Odontoglossums occupy the premier
position, and it was a pleasure to walk through house after house and note
their firm pseudobulbs, clean dark green foliage, and sturdy spikes. We
noted that the pipes were covered with a layer of tobacco stalks, which
seems to be an effectual preventive of thrips. In answer to enquiry, M.
Vincke informed us that the plants were potted entirely in a mixture of
polypodium fibre and sphagnum.

Although the best plants were away at Ghent, where they had secured
the Gold Medal offered by the King of the Belgians for the best hundred
Orchids, there were numerous interesting things in flower. First must be
mentioned Odontoglossum crispum, of which many fine examples were in
flower—in fact, we found M. Vincke with a large handful of magnificent
spikes which had been cut in the ordinary course of business—and the
number of those in bud was legion. All the ordinary species are well
Tepresented, and, among those in flower, we noted some good O. Rossii and
others which flower at this season. Several hybrids were noticed, including
O. X Coradinei and a good O. X Wilckeanum with a white ground.
Oncidiums included the handsome O. spilopterum and some good O. sarcodes,
one being very richly coloured. Ada aurantiaca was also very effective.

278 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Passing along, we came to a fine house of Cattleya labiata. and another
devoted to miscellaneous species, where we observed some good C. Mendelii,
C. amethystoglossa, Lelia purpurata, Laelio-cattleya x Hippolyta, producing
a splendid spike but still in bud, and a very good L.-c. x Schilleriana. A
house of Lzlia anceps was a most interesting sight, presenting a forest of
healthy roots and bulbs, yet the plants had not been potted for seven years.
Of course, they were not in bloom, but the remains of the spikes showed
that they had flowered with the utmost profusion in their proper season.
Other plants grown in quantity, which we observed in flower, were Lycaste
Skinneri, Miltonia vexillaria, Vanda tricolor, and various Cypripediums, all
being very well grown—in fact, excellent culture is a feature of the whole
establishment.

Other Belgian establishments would doubtless have repaid a visit could
we have found time. One that we regretted missing was that of M. Ch.
Vuylsteke, of Loochristy, but a friend, who was fortunate in having more
time at his disposal, and who is an expert grower of Odontoglossums,
informed us that these plants were there particularly good. O. triumphans
he had noted as specially numerous and varied, and there was a particularly
fine form of O. X excellens with a very long spike. The home-raised
seedlings were also very interesting, and included one derived from O.
crispum and O. Harryanum, then in bud, and a third plant of O. X
loochristiense, with soft creamy-yellow flowers, and a single brown blotch on
the petals, but several larger ones on the sepals. Lastly, he remarked that
the plants of Miltonia vexillaria in this establishment were, he thought,
the best he had seen.

This concludes our record of a most enjoyable week spent in Belgium,
during which we saw many things to interest us, and experienced many
kindnesses from Belgian friends. A comparison with the results obtained
in England is difficult, because several of the conditions are essentially
different. Two points, however, which particularly struck us, were the
comparative absence of what are usually termed East Indian Orchids, and
the extensive culture of Odontoglossums in the best possible condition—the
latter not superior to what we have seen in several collections in England,
where the requirements of these plants are well understood and provided
for, but in several of the establishments visited everything is arranged in
accordance with these requirements, and the results are just what might be
anticipated where the natural conditions are equally favourable. It would
be interesting if some of our best cultivators would give us their views on
some of these points.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 279

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR SEPTEMBER.

By H. A. BURBERRY, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

THE advent of September reminds us that the summer is rapidly passing
away, and that the winter is not far ahead. We must, therefore, take steps
to meet the latter by losing no opportunity of preparing our plants to
resist the evil influences of the short, cheerless days, and long, cool nights
which are then inevitable. This can only be accomplished by treatment
which will tend to harden or ripen the new growth, a process which, for
obvious reasons, must be gradual in order to be effective. To suddenly
expose tenderly matured exotic plants to large volumes of air, or to great
drought, would, of course, be courting disaster.

We must, therefore, not allow the present month to pass by without
giving all the air and light that is possible, at the same time gradually
curtailing the supplies of water, both at the roots and in the atmosphere,
for there are already a large number of Orchids of various species which
have finished their growth and require only to have the same properly
matured. Such plants as Dendrobiums and similar kinds, which make up
their pseudobulbs quickly, as, for instance, Thunias, Pleiones, Coelogynes,
Mormodes, Cattleyas, &c., might be removed to another department, such
as a vinery, and there be treated for the next five or six weeks with
advantage. But, if no such convenience exists, they must remain in the
department in which they have grown, and where a good many other
species are still growing; which latter, although rejoicing at this season in
more light and air, would not relish guite so much as the vinery would
afford. Under such circumstances, one must proceed with care, and a way
out of the difficulty may easily be found by placing those requiring most air
and light near the roof and against the ventilators, and those liking more
shade and moisture in correspondingly favoured positions, and all will then
proceed merrily.

The Cool house should want no warmth from the hot water pipes during
this month. Give plenty of air, especially during the night time; in fact,
let the ventilators be opened wide, and the plants will then make great
progress. The Intermediate houses, though not requiring it by day, are
the better for having the pipes gently warmed at night, as it causes a
quicker circulation of the air, and is therefore a great factor in the
development and consolidation of the growth. Endeavour to maintain
a little air on the top ventilators of these houses also during the night, as
it works wonders at this season of the year. The last instruction should
also be applied to the East Indian department, as the beneficial effect upon
the inmates is here no less apparent.

Any species of cool Odontoglossoms may be repotted with great

280 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

advantage during this month, provided they are in a condition to require
root disturbance, and at the right stage of growth, which, as I have said
before, is when the new break is starting from the previously made
pseudobulb. Let me once more here warn growers against too much
meddling for the purposes of repotting. When the roots of an Orchid have
got well down among the crocks (which are best if of burnt earth or broken
bricks) they render great service, and fine, large, healthy growth is the
result. These roots should remain perfectly healthy until the plant has
out-grown its pot, subject to careful watering, and it should be borne in
mind that an Orchid, having such roots well down among the crocks-—which
remain moist long after the surface has become dry—requires less frequent
waterings than one with no roots there at all. Hence the necessity of
careful watering, so that these roots may not perish through too much
water, as they will do. It is surprising what an amount of drought an
Orchid will stand with impunity when well provided with roots. Hence,
also, the reason why we should avoid, as long as possible, repotting, for the
old roots will then invariably die and new ones have to be formed ; the
growth of the plant being, of course, paralyzed for a time.

There are but few Orchids in bloom just now. It is the dullest time of
the whole year, and, perhaps, it is well it should be so; for what with the
outside flower garden, the holidays, and the innumerable other attractions
this month affords, the Orchids are not so greatly missed. It is a lull
before the storm, for the following month will bring upon us an array of
floral beauty, which can scarcely be surpassed, even in the month of May.
The five species taking the prominent part in this anticipated great show
are Cattleya labiata, C. Dowiana aurea, Dendrobium Phalznopsis, D.
formosum, and Odontoglossum grande, and, when these are out in full
beauty, what other five species can beat them ?

But, coming back again to the present, we are not absolutely devoid of
flowers. The great charm of Orchid growing is that there is always some-
thing in bloom, and something interesting to look upon, no matter what the
season. We have still a few of that most gorgeous and brilliant Cattleya,
C. Warscewiczii (gigas), and after blooming, this species should be given an
airy situation in a sunny house. Its winter temperature should be an
intermediate one, with just sufficient water applied to keep the pseudobulbs
plumpish, and, for this, a very small supply is necessary. Then there is
Cattleya Rex, a few plants of which have yet to bloom. It is rather a neat
and pretty species, but not by any means can some of its varieties be termed
showy. Some few are good, but the majority are certainly below our first
expectations. It seems a good species to grow, and requires nothing more
than the uniform treatment meted out to the general collection of Cattleyas.
A few flowers of Cattleya Gaskelliana may still linger, but the majority of

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 281

the plants will be in a resting condition, although actively engaged in
making a network of new roots which will conduce to their future prosperity.
Cattleyas, if in good condition, continue the formation of new roots more or
less throughout the year.

C. Dowiana aurea will also be represented by a few plants which
complete their new pseudobulbs early. This most superb species is a great
favourite with all Orchidists. It is a species of easy culture, if treated
with a reasonable amount of care, otherwise, it may collapse at very short
notice, it not having such a strong constitution to resist wrong treatment
as some others of the genus. It likes a good amount of heat during the
growing season, which means that it is best accommodated in baskets or
pans, so as to admit of its being suspended from the roof of the house,
a position well known to afford more heat in summer than the ordinary
plant stages. Italso likes a plentiful supply of water when growing, but,
when resting during the winter, very little indeed is required, and here
again we have the advantage of suspending the plant, as it is then less
likely to receive water when not required ; and this does sometimes happen
to plants on the stages, either wilfully or accidentally. When perfectly dry
and at rest, the temperature may fall as low as 50°, but it is unwise to let it
go lower, unless for extremely short periods, or the germs of a disease may
be sown which generally appears soon after the plant commences to grow
during the following spring, in the form of a black rot or decay. When a
plant is stricken with this disease, goodbye can pretty safely be said to it.

Cattleya superba, C. Lueddemanniana (speciosissima), and C. Eldorado
are all subject to the same black rot, the cause of which I attribute to faulty
winter treatment—the plants having been kept either too wet or too cold,
and in all probability both. The two last-named are flowering at their best
just now, and are both handsome kinds and well worth growing, forming as
they do a substantial backbone to what would otherwise be a sparse show
of bloom. They require exactly similar treatment to C. Dowiana. Of
other Cattleyas in bloom this month I may mention C. Harrisoniana and
the closely allied C. Loddigesii, C. Leopoldi, C. bicolor, and C. granulosa ;
all very pretty and useful species, growing well in the general conditions
afforded by a well regulated Cattleya house. Nor must we forget the time-
honoured old Orchids, Lelia crispa and L. Boothiana, never so free to
bloom as L. purpurata, yet exceedingly chaste and pretty. It may be
remarked that these two species generally appear to flower best when
seeming to be badly cared for. I mean to say when looking in a yellow,
somewhat shrivelled, and rambling growing condition, all more or less
offending to the eye of the Orchidist. Nevertheless, it is a fact worthy of a
little consideration, and may serve as a useful lesson in the subject of
uncalled-for root disturbance, or of over-indulgence in shade or moisture

282 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

without the necessary supply of air to counteract such enervating
influences, by which an Orchid may get like an over-fed, cooped-up hen,
with the same inevitable results.

Vanda ccerulea is another beautiful Orchid for present blooming, and one
finding favour with most growers. That it is not more amenable to good
culture is generally regretted, for few growers can boast of keeping it for
many years in succession in anything like a happy condition. It gets that
watery spot on the leaves which afterwards turns black, eventually having
to be cut out, thus leaving a permanent disfigurement. After a good deal
of practice and many experiments with this species, I find that it is better
to treat it rather differently from most others, and instead of trying the
orthodox system of growing Orchids—namely, pots and baskets with the
usual complements of crocks and surfacing with sphagnum—to plant it out
in a suitable position where it is unlikely to again be disturbed. Select a
house where there is a good deal of warmth during the summer months,
such, for instance, as a Cattleya house, or it may be a stove, if not kept too
hot ; then select a position not too far from the glass, and where there is a
good amount of light and air. Then procure a quantity of clinkers from
the stokehole fire, which have been exposed to the weather for at least
a month, place these in a lump at the selected place, and place on them the
plants, keeping them well moistened several times daily until the roots are
sufficiently established down in the moist crevices of the clinkers, after
which they are better able to derive their own support. The winter
temperature of this house may descend as low as 40° if the atmosphere is
dry, without doing the least injury, though it is, of course, safer to keep it
nearer 50°. It may be asked, Why not plant out in brickbats, crocks, or
charcoal? to which I would reply, Because the properties emitted from a
clinker have been found to be of great value to Orchidaceous plants in
general, greatly assisting them both in building up new growth and warding
off disease. Moreover, clinkers are clean, so far as troublesome insect life
is concerned. And I would even advise that all Orchid pots and baskets be
crocked with clinkers instead of the burnt earth or brick rubbish before
mentioned. This planting out system is good for all Vandas; also Aérides,
Saccolabiums, and Angrecums, although it may not be necessary to
recommend it for others, as they are easily managed by the usual methods.

Vanda Kimballiana is another species now in full bloom. This grows
well in a basket—with just sufficient material to keep it stable—suspended
in the Cattleya house, where the air can circulate freely round it. Syringe
it pretty freely during growth, and the roots will soon show their apprecia-
tion of this method of watering by growing out and hanging down in
clusters.

Then, again, we have that sweetly pretty Miltonia spectabilis, which

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 283

always charms the visitors by its beauty and fragrance. It is perfectly
natural for this species to have bulbs and leaves of a peculiar yellow tint.
This also is essentially a basket Orchid, and should be grown in good
fibrous peat, with little or no moss. Its roots are of a fine, wiry texture,
soon permeating the peat, which, being of a less decomposing nature than
moss, keeps sweet and healthy for a longer period.

Epidendrum nemorale is another elegant and useful Orchid, which does
well in the Cattleya or Mexican house. Epidendrums ofthis class require a
good deal of warmth during the growing season, and of drought when
resting.

Of Cypripediums in bloom, C. Charlesworthii is the best represented,
and this we know delights in cool or intermediate treatment.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM.

THE long period that has elapsed before Odontoglossum crispum Prince
of Wales bloomed, has apparently much astonished many people, and has
drawn remarks from “ Argus” and Mr. Robert Thompson (O. R., Aug.
1898, pp. 229-244). I can in three other instances corroborate this. Two
were imported plants that I examined most carefully, which carried every
bulb from the smallest seedling’s first bulb to the largest. Each plant had
(curiously enough) eleven bulbs. Neither had ever bloomed, there was no
broken base of the spike, nor did the bulbs show the groove at the sides,
which always carries the spike round the widest part. They were both
very distinct plants and realised too high a figure at auction ; hence my
non-possession of them. The third example I purchased, in 1884, of Mr.
Sander. This plant had also eleven bulbs and had never bloomed ; it came
from a district that does not produce grand crispums, but many fine
hybrids. I have the plant still, and it has not bloomed yet ; its habit has
not been healthy since importing (though two of its partners do well by its
side, dividing and growing equally well) as it never carries more than two
years’ growth, always managing to allow its three-year-old bulb to decay
before the present young growth is developed; it has three leads now,
whereas, when it came over, it had but one. I have no doubt that there are
many such cases to be found if records are carefully kept. Odontoglossum
crispum, like all things, has its great exceptions that prove the rule.

There is a time, no doubt, at which each plant is in a condition to
bloom. It is peculiar, of course, that one should stay so long before it
blooms, when thousands may have come and gone from the same houses.
In this instance of the ‘‘ Prince of Wales,” it may be that Clapton did not
suit it; but, immediately it went to Enfield, it bloomed. Of course, this

284 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

argument will be held to be disproved by the fact of its continually
increased size of bulb annually, but that does not prove that the plant was
in a condition to bloom. It may bea ‘“‘shy” bloomer, like many other things,
though I hope not, for such a grand form cannot be seen too often. Baron
Schréder is greatly to be congratulated that he is the owner of the finest
white, red and spotted crispums known ; respectively, ‘‘ Prince of Wales,”
‘“‘ Baroness Schroder,” and “ apiatum.”

Mr. Robert Thompson would confer the greatest possible benefit on us
crispum growers if he would give a whole year’s detailed description of the
climate, temperatures, and all conditions of the Pacho region, that we could
have a clear conception whereon to work. No doubt, here and there, we see
them well grown, but the majority are only average, and, were reliable
information chronicled, there are many who would be able to improve on
their mode of culture.

De B. CRrawsHay.

ODONTOGLOSSUMS AT PACHO.

Mr. RoBERT THOMPSON, in answer to enquiries on a few specific points,
has kindly furnished us with the following additional notes, which
supplement his observations on page 244. As to the different species which
grow together, he remarks that one rarely enters the crispum forest, and
now the plants are so scarce that even going through the forest for days
together one does not find more than one or two plants in flower. The
expert peon collectors, of whom there are more than one hundred in the
neighbourhood of Pacho, bring in from the forest all the plants to a given
point for delivery. And the average number that each peon collects daily
is not more than three plants—from twelve to eighteen a week, and rarely
more than five per cent. are in flower. O. luteopurpureum is frequently found
side by side with crispum in the Pacho district. This is the only crispum
district with which I am acquainted. Thus the peons frequently bring
in luteopurpureum with the crispums. In the same way they bring in
gloriosum and Lindleyanum, both of which are very much more abundant
in the crispum woods than luteopurpureum. I don’t know Hunnewellianum
nor Wendlandianum. It may be that these are brought with the “starry ”
crispums, that is, froma distinct crispum region several day’s journey by
mule from the Pacho region. These also come through Bogota. It has
always struck me that secondary hybrids are accountable for the numerous
intermediate spotted forms. But, as I have already indicated, we see far
fewer crispums in flower here than you do at home. I hope to be able to
give you some hints from time to time on crispum, etc., for the Orchid Review.
[Very acceptable.—Ep.].

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 285

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND
ORCHID SOCIETY.

A MEETING of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society was
held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on August 11th, 1898, when the
following members were present :—Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair),
Greenwood, Weathers, Leemann, Backhouse, Johnson, Holmes, Robson,
and Mills (hon. sec.).

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed
Cypripedium xX Olivia (tonsum X concolor), to which a First-class
Certificate was given.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed
Cypripedium xX Excelsior, C. x Numa, and C. insigne, Green Bank
variety, all of which received Awards of Merit.

G. W. Jaw-Schofield, Esq., Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill), showed
Odontoglossum crispum Lehmanni flowering from a very small bulb. The
Committee expressed a desire to see this again when stronger.

E. J. Sidebotham, Esq., Bowdon (gr. Mr. Shiner), showed Cattleya
Lueddemanniana (speciosissima).

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed a very good dark
Cypripedium x Harrisianum superbum.

John Richardson, Esq., Hale (gr. Mr. Jenkins), showed Cattleya
Dowiana aurea, very well flowered, which was awarded a Cultural
Certificate.

R. le Doux, Esq., West Derby (gr. Mr. Archer), showed a wonderful
plant of Aérides odoratum Ledouxianum, bearing some sixty spikes in full
bloom, to which a Silver Medal was awarded.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Bradford, showed.a very fine plant of the
rare Oncidium ornithorhynchum album (First-class Certificate) and
Cattleya X calummata (Award of Merit).

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THE usual fortnightly meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society was held
at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on August gth last, when the
Orchids exhibited were very few in number, though three of them gained an
Award of Merit. The members of the Committee present were:—H. J.
Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), E. Ashworth,
H. Ballantine, H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas, J.
G. Fowler, E. Hill, J. Jaques, and H. M. Pollett.

286 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), received
an Award of Merit for a fine Sobralia called S. Sanderiana, with flowers
nearly equalling S. macrantha in size, but with sepals, petals and tube of
the lip white tinged with rose, the throat orange, and the front lobe bright
crimson purple. He also sent an inflorescence of Cypripedium Stonei
platytenium.

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., New-Hall-Hey, Rawtenstall, Manchester
(gr. Mr. Schill), received an Award of Merit for a fine Odontoglossum .
crispum Lehmanni called Schofield’s variety. It had broad white sepals
and petals, slightly tinged with rose, each bearing from three to five ruby-
red spots, and a broad lip, which was ruby red in front of the crest, and
broadly margined with white.

T. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch, Reigate (gr. Mr. Salter), showed a
fine spike of Stauropsis lissochiloides, an Orchid now seldom met with.

Captain T. A. Julian, Woodside, Plymouth, sent a very light form of
Cattleya Warscewiczii, the flowers being blush-white slightly mottled with
rose.

M. E. Zollinger-Jenny, Villa Greten, Wallishofen, near Zurich, sent
Vanda Sanderiana rosea, a handsome form in which the flowers are more
tinged with rose colour than in the type.

Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, showed a good
dark form of Cattleya Gaskelliana, two plants of C. G. alba, a very fine
form of Oncidium Papilio and Cypripedium x Olivia (tonsum x concolor),
a very distinct hybrid, most resembling C. tonsum in shape, but of a shade
of ivory white slightly tinged with rose, an Award of Merit being accorded
to the latter.

Mr. James Douglas, Great Bookham, Surrey, showed a very fine form
of Dendrobium formosum.

At the meeting held on August 23rd, Orchids were again sparsely
represented, though several were very interesting. Only three awards were
made. The members of the Committee present were as follows:—A. H
Smee, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), H. J.
Chapman, W. Cobb, De B. Crawshay, J. G. Fowler, T. B. Haywood,
J. Jaques, W. B. Latham, H. M. Pollett, and W. H. Young.

Sir Henry Fairfax, Ravenswood, Melrose, N.B., exhibited flowers of a
fine dark form of Cattleya x Hardyana, and an unusually fine inflorescence
of Odontoglossum Harryanum, with two side branches and an aggregate
of seventeen fine flowers, the latter receiving a Cultural Commendation.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), sent
the charming little rose-coloured Saccolabium Hendersonianum, and a
beautiful specimen of Platyclinis filiforme, in a ro-inch pan, bearing over a
pees of its graceful pendulous spikes of greenish yellow flowers.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 287

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, sent a ten-
flowered inflorescence of an Acineta, called A. colossa, Sander, to which a
Botanical Certificate was given. The flowers were of a light whitish-
yellow, with a few dull purple markings towards the base of the lip, and the
column pubescent.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), sent a
four-flowered inflorescence of Lzlio-cattleyaX intermedio-flava, the flowers
being rather larger than usual, and ivory-white in colour, with the front
lobe of the lip light purple and undulate.

Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray),
sent a plant of Cattleya x Hardyana with richly-coloured flowers, and a
single bloom of the handsome Odontoglossum X crispo-Hallii, described at
page 10 of our last volume. ;

Thomas Hogg, Esq., Woodside Gardens, Paisley, N.B., sent a plant of
the handsome Cypripedium X Lawrebel.

G. F. Moore, Esq., Bourton-on-the-water, Gloucestershire, sent a fine
form of Cattleya Trianz, flowering quite out of season, and a very fine
Cypripedium x Godefroy leucochilum rather heavily marked on the
dorsal sepal.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, sent four very interesting
things, of which Disa x Clio received an Award of Merit. This was
obtained from D. grandiflora ? and D. x Veitchii ¢ , and thus is the reverse
cross of D. x Diores, raised in the same establishment. Four plants were
exhibited in the same pot, all being somewhat different, and most
resembling D. X Veitchii in general character, though two had a slight
flush of scarlet in the flower, and the dorsal sepal a little paler than the
lateral ones, but without markings. The others were Epidendrum X
radicanti-Stamfordianum (described at page 198), shown in better condition
than before, and with the rooting character of E. radicans well developed ;
Masdevallia x Circe (M. Veitchiana 2? X M. Schroederiana ¢), a pretty
hybrid, most like the former in shape, and dull orange in colour, with
numerous brown hairs, with a purple iridescence on the sepals; and
Cypripedium x Rothschildiano-villosum (villosum ? X Rothschildianum ¢),
a pretty hybrid, with an ovate somewhat veined dorsal sepal, petals
most like C. villosum, but more elongated, lip showing much of the C.
Rothschildianum character, and an oblong staminode somewhat reflexed at
the sides. .

Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, staged a very
pretty group, containing Cypripedium bellatulum album, C. Charlesworthii,
C. Curtisii, C. Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, with one side of the lower sepal
like the dorsal in shape and colour, Sobralia xantholeuca, Phalznopsis
Aphrodite, Oncidium Lanceanum, Cattleya bicolor and C. Loddigesii, each

- 288 : THE ORCHID REVIEW,

with a good six-flowered spike, Lelio-cattleya x Aurora, the rare L.-c. X
amanda, and a good form of L.-c. X elegans.

Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, exhibited a few very interesting.
Orchids in a small miscellaneous group. They included the remarkable
Bulbophyllum grandiflorum, a good B. barbigerum, two plants of
Odontoglossum bictoniense album, one bearing three spikes, the rare
Oncidium incurvum album, Cattleya velutina, a good C. Gaskelliana, C.
Leopoldi, and a form of C. x intricata, prettily spotted with brown on a
light rose-coloured ground.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CYMBIDIUM CANALICULATUM.—Gard. Mag., June 25, pp. 406, 407,
with fig.

DENDROBIUM PIERARDI.—Gard. Mag., Aug. 13, p. 526, with fig.

L&LIA PRESTANS.—Garden, June 25, p. 550, with fig.

L2LIO-CATTLEYA X ADMIRAL DEWEY.—Gard. Mag., Aug. 6, pp. 508,
509, with fig.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X INGRAMII GIGANTEA. — Journ. Hort., Aug. II,
pp. 108, 109, fig. 20.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM LEHMANNI (Schofield’s variety).—Gard.
Chron., Aug. 20, p. 147, fig. 39.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM LUCIANI.—Gard. Mag., June 25, p. 406,
with fig.

STANHOPEA MADOUXIANA, Cogn.—Gard. Chron., Aug. 20, pp. 134, 135;
fig. 34. :

STANHOPEA RopIGASIANA.—Gard. Mag., July 30, p. 492, with fig.

VANDA X Miss Joaguim.—Gard. Chron., Aug. 13, p- 123, with plate.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in
some cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue. )

F.J. Le M. Photograph 3 appears to be a natural hybrid between Sobralia macrantha
and S. xantholecua, and thus a form of S. x Veitchii. 4 may be S. leucoxantha.
De B.C. Believed to be a form of Odontoglossum ramosissmum, which is very variable.
E. F.C. It is difficult to say why Lzelia anceps and others should be making growths
one or two back bulbs as well as from the leading one, but it is not generally
considered a good sign. The use of a small quantity of ammonia on the pipes can scarcely
cause.

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‘Vot. VI. OCTOBER,

s THE

DORCHID REViG

Hn Fllustrated Monthly Fournal,

DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY.

Contents.

Botanical Orchids at Kew... a 506 Jenmania elata, &c. na
Calendar of Operations for Guba. 309 Sievkingia Reichenbachiana, &e.
_ Correspondence, &c. ... iad ... _320 | Odontoglossum crispum at Pacho
Disas, cultivation sean vs. sss 317 | Odontoglossum seedlings...
cus a ... 292 | Orchid Portraits bine Bi Oe
Orchids at Enfield

ST

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price r/-, net. Annual Subscription 12/-, payable in advance.

Bes: The Editor invites short communications on interesting — (which should
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VoL. VI.} OCTOBER, 18908. LNo. 70.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James Street, Westminster, during October, on the 11th and 25th,
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12
o’clock noon.

The October meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society will be held on the 13th and 27th. The Orchid Committee meets
at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection after 1 o’clock. ;

A Lecture on the “ Structure and Fertilisation of Orchids ” will be given
by Mr. R. A. Rolfe, A.L.S., at the meeting of the Birmingham and Midland
Counties Gardeners’ ‘Association to be held on Monday evening, October
17th, at 8 o’clock p.m. Gas OG AE SEE ale

A-flower of the beautiful Odontoglossum x -crispo-Hallii is sent from
the collection of Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne,
by Mr. Murray, who remarks that the lip is more expanded and the spotting
better than when it first flowered: in November, 1896, and. received a First-
class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society. It is certainly very
beautiful. : ; as :

A very fine flower of Cattleya Warscewiczii is sent from the collection
of Isaac Carr, Esq., Poolemeade, Tiverton-on-Avon. It is of excellent
shape and measures eight inches in diameter across the petals, while the
lip is 2} inches across, and of a brilliant crimson-purple with the eyes in the
throat pale yellow. The rest of the flower is light rosy purple.

290 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Cattleya superba is a most beautiful species when it succeeds well, but
likes rather more heat than many others. Two fine flowers are sent from
the collection of F. M. Burton, Esq., Highfield, Gainsborough. A good
flower of Lelia crispa is also sent, which represents another very useful
species at this season.

A good flower of Cattleya Gaskelliana is sent from the collection ot
John Riley, Esq., Hapton House, Burnley. The plant, it is said, has been
grown in the collection tor twelve years and has not previously flowered,
thus forming a somewhat parallel instance to those of Odontoglossum
crispum mentioned in recent issues of this work.

Cypripedium or Paphiopedium x Ashburtoniz is one of the hybrids
which bloom very freely at this season, and two curious flowers are sent
from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, by Mr.
Rogers. One has the lateral sepals divided and somewhat spreading, and
the other has a curious protuberance on one side of the lip, both being
peculiarities occasionally met with in this genus.

A pretty light form of Leelio-cattleya x elegans is sent by Herr Paul
Wolter, of Madgeburg-Wilhelmstadt, Germany. The sepals and petals
are light rose-pink, with a few small spots, chiefly on the back of the former
the side lobes of the lip white, slightly tipped with purple, and the fron
lobe bright crimson-purple.

A larger form, with broad, slightly-spotted petals, comes from the
collection of J. W. Arkle, Esq., West Derby, Liverpool. The front lobe of
the lip is broad, and, together with the tips of the side lobes, deep crimson-
purple. The raceme had seven fiowers.

A fine spike of Aérides quinquevulnerum has been sent by Messrs.
F. Sander and Co., St. Albans. It was imported from the Philippines with
A. Savageanum, and the sepals and petals are each dotted with purple, and
tipped with a crimson-purple blotch. It is rather rare in cultivation.

Lelio-cattleya x corbeillensis is a beautiful hybrid said to have been
raised from Lelia pumila marginata and Cattleya Loddigesii, hence it has
been referred as a synonym of L.-c. x Vedasti. A fine flower has been
sent from the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., of Teignmouth, who calls
attention to the bright yellow median line of the lip, which is somewhat
raised and corrugated, also the dark colours of the sepals and petals, as
_ being more suggestive of C. Harrisoniz as the second parent. In these

ORCHID REVIEW’. 291

remarks we fully concur, and the more readily as we know that the names
of these two Cattleyas are sometimes transposed in gardens. The raceme
bore three flowers.

A good flower of Cattleya Loddigesii is sent with the preceding for
comparison, and this was bought at one of Messrs. Protheroe & Morris’
sales under the name of C. Harrisoniz.

The old Dendrobium pulchellum, better known under its later name of
D. Dalhousieanum, is a most effective plant when well grown. A photo-
graph, showing part of three racemes, is sent by G. Lees Milne, Esq.,
Shaw, near Oldham.

A light form of Odontoglossum triumphans is sent from the collection
of W. Thompson, Esq., of Stone, by Mr. Stevens, who remarks that it is
flowering for the first time out of a batch of imported Odontoglossum
crispum. Once before we received flowers of this species with a similar
history, and the question arises whether in any locality the two may grow
together. The two species have hitherto come from different localities,
and, as there are so many opportunities of plants getting astray or mixed,
we are inclined to think something of this kind may have taken place.

Odontoglossum grande Pittianum (supra, v, p. 348) is a beautiful yellow
variety, characterised by having lost the brown markings of the typical
form. A beautiful flower has been sent by Herr Paul Wolter, of
Magdeburg, Wilhelmstadt, Germany. It may be termed an albino of the
species.

Cypripedium insigne is already opening. A curious flower from the
collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., of Streatham, has the bract developed
into an ordinary leaf, the lateral sepals free above the middle, and one of
the petals has an infolded side lobe on the lower side, like that of the lip,
which latter is normally developed. There are two perfect anthers, but the
staminode is missing. It is very curious.

Vanda Sanderiana is one of our most striking autumn-flowering species,
both on account of its noble appearance and handsome markings. A most
beautiful flower has been sent from the collection of J. W. Potter, Esq., of
Croydon, by Mr. Young.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co. have secured from New Guinea a large
importation of the handsome Dendrobium atroviolaceum, over 5000 plants
having been offered for sale on September 23rd, by Messrs. Protheroe
and Morris. :

2920 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DIES ORCHIDIANZ.

THE flowering of Sobralia Cattleya at Burford, as recorded at page 260, is
a noteworthy event, in some. respects more remarkable than that of
Eulophiella Peetersiana, for though the latter is likely to prove a far more
valuable horticultural acquisition, the former has puzzled some of our best
growers for many years. In an account of the Burford collection, which
appeared in these pages five years ago (vol. 1, p. 18), it is recorded that Mr.
White had tried many plans to induce it to flower. In June, 1891, the
plant was put out in the open air in full sunshine, and remained there night
and day until the middle of September, when it was taken into a cold peach
house at night. The plant was apparently strong enough to flower, having
thirteen strong growths, upwards of nine feet in length.

At Highbury, too, it is recorded that a strong plant in the corridor grows
well, but cannot be induced to flower, though every attention had been
given to it for twelve years (J. c., pp. 107, 289). Another fine plant has
long been cultivated in the Victoria house at Kew, with no better result.
The flower now produced is, we believe, the first which has yet appeared
in Europe, and Mr. White must be congratulated on his success. It would
be interesting to know a little more about it.

The specimen of Aérides odoratum figured at page 273 is certainly a
very remarkable one, and the history of the plant is also very interesting.
One would naturally have thought that in a climate where it: grew so
vigorously it would also have flowered, which, however, does not appear to
have been the case, though in what respect the conditions were unsuitable
can only be guessed, without knowing more about them. It is an Orchid
which usually grows and flowers well in a warm house, under ordinary
treatment, though it would take many years to produce such a fine specimen
as the one now in Mr. Le Doux’s collection. It will be interesting to see if
it produces such a crop of flowers again next year.

The degeneration of Orchids under cultivation has been discussed on
several occasions, and the numerous examples which have been cited of
plants whose history can be traced back for two or three decades has shown
pretty conclusively that when Orchids do degenerate it is through wrong
treatment. Two very interesting cases are recorded last month, namely,
Hartwegia Kienastii (p. 264) and Oncidium Kienastianum (p. 269),
which have been cultivated for twenty-two and twenty years respectively
since the original descriptions appeared. Probably no one expected to see
them again until the Reichenbachian Herbarium is opened. It is fortunate

that two more of the mysterious “types” have been recovered, even if one

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 293

proves to be a well-known old species, and the other belongs to another
genus. I suspect that some curious discoveries will be made when the
mysterious Herbarium is opened. There may be other Reichenbachian
types of this kind in existence. A certain proportion of them has already
been recovered in this way, but many died soon after they were described.
ARGUS.

THE HYBRIDIST.
PAPIOPEDIUM X LiLy MEASURES.

THIS is a very pretty hybrid, raised in the collection of R. H. Measures,
Esq., The Woodlands, Streatham, from Paphiopedium Dayanum ¢ and
P. niveum ¢, which has now flowered for the first time. The flower sent
has a scape about five inches high, and is fairly intermediate in shape and
colour between its two parents. The dorsal sepal is ovate, 1} inches long,
pale greenish-white, with about seventeen rows of minute light purple dots,
which extend three-fourths of the way to the apex. The petals are oblong,
2¢ inches long, by seven-eighths of an inch broad, similar in colour to the
dorsal sepal, but the minute purple dots much more numerous, especially
near the base on the upper side. The lip is nearly two inches long, rather
compressed, pale greenish-white, with numerous minute light purple dots
extending from the mouth half way to the apex; also on the infolded side
lobes. The staminode is short and broad, strongly reticulated in the centre
with green, the rest being white, slightly tinged and spotted with purple.
The petals and dorsal sepals are shortly fringed. Mr. Measures remarks
‘that he has had a lot of this cross, but never succeeded in growing it
satisfactorily or flowering it- until now, and he thinks it will be a beauty
when flowering in cooler weather.

GYMNADENIA CONOPSEA ?
‘‘ Ir was stated by Hausmann, in his Flora von Tyrol, 1854, that Gymnadenia
conopsea, R. Br., varies very much in form as well as in colour; evena
form without a spur is mentioned. Should not the plant found near
Arisaig be one of these forms of Gymnadenia ees "—O. F.,
Lehenhof, in G ard. Chron., Sept. roth, p. 200.

This question arises out of the note on Gymnadenia xX conopseo-
_albida, which originally appeared at page 238 of the present work, but I
think sufficient details are given to enable anyone to answer it in the
negative. One might as well ask, is it not a variety of G. albida ?—Or, is
it not a new British species? True, there is also the plant from the
Austrian Alps, and if ‘‘ O. F.” will read the note again I think he will agree
that it isa natural hybrid, as stated. If not, nothing that I can say will
conyince him, and here the matter must end, R. A. R,

294 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHIDS AT ENFIELD.

CapTon has been so long associated with the name of Messrs. Hugh Low
and Co. that it seems difficult to separate them. Leases, however, have a
habit of running out, and, owing to this cause, the firm have now removed
entirely to their newer establishment at Bush Hill Park, Enfield, where, in
consequence, extensive additions have recently been made. The other day
we had the pleasure of inspecting this establishment and embraced the
opportunity of taking a few notes.

About thirty houses are devoted to Orchids, some of them being of great
length, and filled with healthy plants ranging from newly imported stuff up
to those fully established; the stock of those kinds most in request being
enormous. Commencing with the Phalznopsis house, which is built in
two divisions side by side without a dividing wall, on the Belgian plan, we
found the plants in excellent condition, some of the leaves of P. Schilleriana
being of great size. Examples of P. amabilis and Aphrodite were nicely in
bloom, also many plants of Miltonia Roezlii. We also noted a fine hybrid
between Cypripedium Rothschildianum and Dayanum, most like the
former in many respects, but lighter in colour, and with the long cilia and
staminode approaching the latter.

In the Dendrobium house we found D. Dearei well in flower. Vanda
Hookeriana planted here grows well, but suffers from the general complaint
of not flowering. In an adjoiniug Cypripedium house we found a lot of
C. X cenanthum superbum in bloom, and very effective it is, also the fine
C. X enfieldense, x picturatum, Chamberlainianum, x Io, X javanico-
superbiens, X Charles Canham, x Godefroyz leucochilum, the beautiful
bellatulum album, callosum, x T. W. Bond, and others, forming a very
pleasing display. The rockwork in the next house was gay with a combina-
tion of Odontoglossum crispum, Lindleyanum, Brassia verrucosa, Disa
grandiflora, Oncidium crispum, macranthum, and others. This method of
arranging Orchids in flower, with a few graceful foliage plants, is most
effective wherever met with.

Next we visited two long Odontoglossum houses, in which we noted
some good O. Harryanum in bloom, O. Edwardii throwing up a very fine
panicle, a fine O. x Coradinei with eleven flowers, a lot of O. Pescatorei
in bud, and among numerous examples of O. crispum in flower was one
with clear yellow spots on the petals, almost the counterpart of O. c.
xanthotes. After passing through a large house of Cattleyas, and others,
we were again among the Odontos, and noted a good O. Insleayi with two
spikes, and a fine batch of Miltonia vexillaria, of course not now in flower.
In the Lycaste house we found L. Rossiana in flower, also plants of
Trichopilia fragans, after which we passed through a house containing

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 295

Odontoglossums, newly imported Lelias, and other allied plants. |

We now arrived among the Cattleyas, the first house containing a fine
lot of C. Loddigesii in flower, some good C. Gaskelliana, the variable C.
Eldorado, C. Mendelii, Lzlia crispa, Cycnoches chlorochilon, the handsome
Oncidium Lanceanum, Papilio, and Kramerianum, Coelogyne Massangeana,
and others not noted. In the next three Cattleya houses we observed in
flower a fine lot of C. Gaskelliana, a most useful plant at this season, and
many C, Eldorado; also Mormodes pardinum and its clear yellow variety
unicolor. Passing into the next we observed a very fine Cattleya bicolor,
the beautiful C. Gaskelliana alba, C. Loddigesii with five-flowered spike, C.
Leopoldi (which came home among C. granulosa), Lelio-cattleya X
amanda, the interesting Brasso-cattleya X Lindleyana well in flower, many
Oncidium Papilio, and several Odontoglossum Krameri. Here Mr. Low
pointed out. some good plants of Cymbidium Tracyanum producing upright
roots, which is one of the characters by which it may be recognised. In
an adjoining house we noticed a number of Cattleya seed pods.

We now came to two more Cypripedium houses, one chiefly devoted to
C. Lawrenceanum, and the other containing a miscellaneous collection,
among which many flowers of C. Curtisii, Charlesworthii, and tonsum were
observed. Here also were many Vanda ccerulea, a stray flower of
Angrecum sesquipedale, and a good Angrecum articulatum.

Some of the houses were barely finished, and the plants have hardly had
time to settle down in their new quarters, but there was much of interest to
be seen in flower. The arrangements for heating, ventilation, and other
matters have been well carried out, and the establishment promises to
become more interesting than ever.

ORCHIDS AT ST. ALBANS.

At all seasons of the year there are many features of interest to be found
in the extensive establishment of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., at St. Albans,
both among the imported plants and the collection of hybrid seedlings,
wbich every year become more numerous. The following notes were taken
in the early part of September, and, it should be explained, are given in
the order in which we visited the different houses.

On entering our attention was immediately attracted by a fine plant of
Cattleya Leopoldi, bearing a scape of seven very large flowers, and near
by were examples of C. velutina, Harrisoniana, Warscewiczii, and the
handsome Calanthe Sanderiana, an African species bearing some
resemblance to C. Masuca. We were now among the seedlings, a most
interesting lot, which require several houses for their accommodation, and

26 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

here we noticed some plants of the handsome Epiphronitis X Veitchii in
flower, which were raised in the establishment. Cattleyas and Cypripediums
are particularly numerous, and among the latter were some with curiously
striped leaves, and others nearly all white, yet the plants appeared quite
healthy. Many hybrids were in flower, those noted being some fine
C. X Harrisianum superbum, C. xX Smithii, and some seedlings from
C. Lawrenceanum xX C. superbiens bearing a green scape, the flowers not
yet expanded. Among species in flower were some good forms of C.
Charlesworthii, Dayanum, tonsum, callosum, and others. Many fine
Cattleya pods were also noted, with flowering examples of Zygopetalum
crinitum and Gautieri, and a batch of Stenoglottis longifolia, of which
many were in flower. Epidendrum radicans was flowering freely in the
adjoining corridor. .

Passing into a warm Dendrobium house we found a fine batch of D.
Johnsoniz and spectabile, also a curious species with flat pseudobulbs, and
another with glaucous leaves, imported with them, but whose identity has
yet to be made out. Both appear new to cultivation. In an adjoining
house, Phalznopsis violacea was in flower, and in passing through the next
three or four divisions we noted the handsome Ccelogyne Sanderiana
producing a fine spike, Mormodes pardinum and its variety unicolor, a fine
batch of Dendrobium atroviolaceum, which Messrs. Sander have succeeded
in importing in quantity, and flowering examples of Cypripedium X
javanico-superbiens.

Among Masdevallias we noted in flower M. Chimera, infracta in buff
and purple forms, floribunda, x Courtauldiana, and a pretty little seedling
from M. Veitchiana x Wageneriana with somewhat flesh-coloured flowers.
Near by were Restrepia maculata, Physosiphon Loddigesii, the brilliant
Epidendrum vitellinum, and others.

A pretty little bank of flower at the end of one of the houses was made
up chiefly of examples of Odontoglossums aspirhinum, crispum, bictoniense,
Rossii, Hallii and auriculatum, Oncidium. ornithorhynchum and _ its
variety album, Cochlioda vulcanica, Lycaste leucantha, and Lelia pumila.
In an adjoining house we noted a fine plant of Coelogyne Massangeana
bearing many fine spikes; one of them which was counted bore twenty-seven
flowers. Here also were many flowering examples of Dendrobium
Phalznopsis and bigibbum. The next division contained —Sobralia
xantholeuca, and many flowering examples of Cattleya Gaskelliana, and in
a succeeding one we saw some good examples of C. Warscewiczii, and a
nice lot of Odontoglossum Krameri.

Among the Sobralias, a fine form of S. macrantha, called Holfordi was
pointed out, and Mr. Sander’s son remarked that it came home with
S. xantholeuca (also in flower here), together with hybrid forms, including

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 297

S. X Wiganie. In the next house we found many examples of Cattleya
Harrisoniana in flower and bud, and others of C. velutina and Epidendrum
prismatocarpum.

We now came to the house containing two fine plants of Arachnanthe
Lowii, and found one bearing two and the other four long spikes of flowers,
the two or three basal ones on each spike being deep orange-coloured, as
usual. Why these flowers should be so different in colour from the
remainder still, we believe, remains a mystery.

In an adjoining house was a batch of plants of the curious Bulbophyllum
Ericssoni, many flowering examples of Cattleya Leopoldi, one with a spike
of thirteen fine flowers, a nice lot of C. Loddigesii and Harrisoniana, and
a pretty hybrid derived from Cattleya intermedia and Lelia harpophylla,
most resembling the former, but the sepals and petals. tinged with light
yellow, and the front lobe of the lip mottled with light purple. A house
containing some healthy plants of Phalznopsis comes last on our notes,
and here in flower were examples of Angraecum Scottianum and Vanda
coerulea, together with the handsome Oncidium Lauceanum.

Of course our notes are not complete. To have included everything,
even at this season, would have taken up too much space, but we managed
to note down the principal objects of interest, and from them a magnificent
group might have been selected.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM AT PACHO.

(THE NATURAL CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH IT GROWS).

Your correspondent, Mr. De B. Crawshay, in the September number of
the Orchid Review (page 213), has asked me to give a detailed description of
the climate, temperature, and other conditions of the Pacho region. The
following general remarks may be interesting.

On the slopes of the Cordillera the altitudinal distribution of Odonto-
glossum crispum ranges from about 6,000 to 9,000 feet above sea-level.
The temperature at 6,000 feet ranges from 46° to 75° Fahr. At this elevation
during the rainy seasons, which embrace more than six months of the year,
the temperature averages from 50° to 60° daily. In the dry seasons the
minimum is about 44°, and the maximum 75°. The temperature at 9,000
feet averages from 6° to 10° less than at 6,000 feet. And at this elevation
in the dry season the temperature frequently falls to freezing point. The
greatest altitude at which I have found O. crispum was 10,200 feet. The
plants were on a rock on the side of a lofty spur of the Andes. At this
great height ice is frequently found. There plants were growing on a

2098 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

clearing in the forest, and therefore fully exposed to the sun during several
hours of the day. At this height, as well as throughout the Pacho crispum
region, humid, chilly, interchanging fogs prevail for a few hours daily in the
rainy season. From time to time these bleak fogs are dispersed by strong
currents of wind, and thus gleams of sunshine alternately play upon the
plants.

The rainfall in this region averages from 15 to 20 inches monthly for six
months yearly—occasionally the rainy seasons are much more prolonged.
It is difficult to realise the extraordinary extent of rainfall and humidity
under which crispum flourishes. I may mention that on one occasion I
turned a running stream of water upon 500 of these plants for several hours
daily for six weeks, and this, too, in the rainy season, but the effect upon
the plants was nil.

In the city of Bogota, 8,600 feet above sea-level, crispum is grown toa
considerable extent, and most successfully, in baskets suspended to the
sides of houses. The average daily temperature here is about 55°, seldom
below 40° or above 70°.

From the above remarks it will be observed that O. crispum accommo-
dates itself to a wide range of climatic conditions, and this, doubtless, is
the reason why the plant is so amenable to successful cultivation in
Europe. I may add that I have always been impressed with the desirability
of imitating in cultivation one essential characteristic of the plant in a
state of nature; that is, after excessive watering for a month or two at a
time, water should be withheld for a few days.

ROBERT THOMSON.
Forest Hill,

ORCHIDS AT SOUTHGATE.

THE well-known establishment of Messrs. W. L. Lewis and Co., at Chase
Side, Southgate, has recently seen a partial change in its proprietorship,
being now carried on under the name of Messrs. Stanley Mobbs and
Ashton, the latter gentleman having been one of the partners for several
years. The other day, we had the pleasure of looking round the nursery,
and although at about the dullest season of the year for Orchids, we found
many interesting things in bloom.

In the first house visited, we found a fine batch of imported Lelia
pumila, now nicely established and beginning to bloom, and here a well-
flowered plant of the rare little Lelia longipes alba attracted our attention.
c. A good batch of Oncidium tigrinum in spike was also noted, together with

— & dozen well-flowered plants of O, trulliferam, one being an immense

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 299

specimen with bulbs a foot long, with very strong spikes yet in bud.
Others in flower were the rare and distinct O. unicorne, O. flexuosum, O.
Cebolleta, the handsome O. incurvum, and O.-ornithorrhynchum, Vanda
Kimballiana, Odontoglossum hastilabium, Miltonia Roezlii, and
Physosiphon Loddigesii.

An adjoining house contained a lot of Odontoglossum crispum, a few
being in flower, O. Lindleyanum, a batch of O. maxillare, some being in
in bud, the handsome Oncidium pretextum, a large batch of O. concolor,
many being in bud, good flowering examples of the remarkable O.
dasytyle, with dark beetle-like crest, also the handsome O, spilopterum.

Turning into the large Cattleya house, we found a good show of bloom,
including a nice lot of C. Gaskelliana, which is extremely useful at this
season, several good C. Warscewiczii, a nice lot of the distinct C. velutina,
C. v. magnifica being especially large and richly coloured. The two
species, however, which made the best show, were C. Loddigesii and the
allied C. Harrisoniana, many of which were flowering very freely. As these
two species have been somewhat confused, it was interesting to compare the
series together. Every plant of C. Harrisoniana had a deep yellow
corrugated crest, and narrower darker petals, while C. Loddigesii had a
paler smooth lip, and lighter sepals and petals. Some forms of this open
nearly white at first, gradually becoming darker, and a few are spotted. It
has also more flowers on the raceme, up to as many as nine, while the
greatest number of C. Harrisoniana seen was four. Mr. Ashton states that
they import them from quite different localities, and that the names
are sometimes transposed in the trade. A fine plant of Acineta Barkeri
was suspended in this house, the racemes not yet expanded. A batch
of Lelia autumnalis was also showing well for flower.

We next inspected the smaller houses, which formed the original
nursery. The first was chiefly devoted to Cattleyas and Cypripediums, and
here we noted many pods on the former genus, affording evidence of the
experiments in hybridisation which are carried on. Among the seedlings,
we observed healthy plants raised from a cross between Cattleya Rex
and C. bicolor. Among plants in flower, were the fragrant C. Eldorado,
Oncidium Papilio and Lanceanum, Cypripedium Victoria-Mariz, C X Io.,
C xX picturatum, some good C X cenanthum, including one with a twin-
flowered scape, and several Selenipediums.

The next house was devoted to a batch of imported Cattleya labiata,
and an adjoining Warm house contained a good batch of Dendrobium
Phalzenopsis, just commencing to flower. Here also were many Cattleya
Loddigesii, both in flower and in bud, also Mormodes pardinum, and its
variety unicolor. A small Phalenopsis house contained a number of
healthy plants, which are stood over saucers of water on a central pillar on

300 -THE ORCHID REVIEW,

which the plant receptacle is placed. An unshaded part of the house is
devoted to Dendrobiums, and here D. formosum succeeds very well. A
Cool house contained batches of various useful Cypripediums and various
imported things. Before terminating a very pleasant visit, we learnt
from Mr. Ashton that it is intended to put up another house chiefly for
Odontoglossoms, for which greater accommodation is required.

THE GRANGE.

The Grange, Southgate, the residence of J. Bradshaw, Esq., is the
home of a choice little collection of Orchids which is frequently represented
at the Drill Hall meetings. Finding ourselves in the vicinity, we called,
and were fortunate enough to find Mr. Bradshaw at home—in fact, busy in
his garden, and we were soon among the Orchids. Odontoglossums are
the acknowleged favourites, and a long house is filled with a collection of the
various kinds, all in excellent health. The house is constructed on modern
principles, and shaded with lath roller-blinds, which are found to answer
their purpose admirably. We also found. a number of Murray’s Patent
Orchid Stands in use for elevating the plants, and Mr. Bradshaw expressed
himself as very pleased with them. It was the wrong season to find much
in flower, but we found several good forms of Odontoglossum crispum, and
a fine O. luteopurpureum, while others were throwing up their spikes.

The Cattleya house also contains a choice selection, both of species and
hybrids, and these, too, were in robust health, showing that they are well
cared for. Several plants of Cattleya x Mantinii were developing fine
sheaths, from which some good flowers may soon be expected. Laelio-
cattleya x Thorntoni was also producing a fine sheath, and had previously
borne a truss of its handsomely-fringed flowers. Among plants of Cattleya
labiata showing for flower, one of the variety R. I. Measures was pointed
out as one of the most beautiful, on account of the beautiful pink veining of
the lip, which has such a pleasing effect on the white ground. The hand-
some Oncidium tigrinum was flowering well here.

In another house, we found a very nice lot of Cymbidiums, not now in
flower, though the rare C. grandiflorum (Hookerianum) was throwing up a
fine spike. There were also two plants of C. Tracyanum, the yellow C.

owianum concolor, C. x Winnianum, also C. x eburneo-Lowianum and
the reverse cross. Dendrobium infundibulum here was nicely in flower.
These are only a few notes taken during a rather hurried visit about the end
of August, which is about the dullest season of the year so far as Orchid
flowers are concerned. Many choice varieties, however, were observed in
various stages of growth, and the collection generally bore evidence both of
careful selection and excellent culture, under which conditions the results
cannot fail to be satisfactory,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 301

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

IF April, as we once said, witnesses the general awakening and brings with
it renewed activity in the vegetation of our favourites, October forms, for
the majority of them, the beginning of their resting period. The amount of
daylight becomes gradually less, the sun loses its summer intensity, and the
nights become cooler. All scems to indicate the return of the dormant
period. As regards flowering, however, October always brings with it the
first autumn stars, and our houses will be ornamented by their flowers in
gradually increasing numbers.

If we again take our monthly glance round, we shall find that several
interesting plants will soon be in season. The Warm department, which
has for some months previous been rather dull, will soon regain its beauties,
and several fine plants are already in flower. First, we may mention the
handsome Dendrobium Phalenopsis, and its variety Statterianum, also D.
formosum, which are among the most effective plants we possess. The
brilliant Cattleya superba is now blooming ; also the free-flowering Sobralia
sessilis and Lowii. Catasetums and Cycnoches seem now to be in their
full season. Vanda sauvis and tricolor are still in flower, and so also are
several Cypripediums. As regards the latter plants, we are now reaching
the beginning of their great flowering period, which always lasts well into
the following summer. Several are already in bloom, as C. x Adonis, X
Ashburtoniz, Curtisii, Charlesworthii, x Io, Victoriz-Mariz, and amongst
the succeeding ones are C. X Arthurianum, X cenanthum superbum, X
Leeanum ; and we might mention also several Selenipedes, which are now
sending forth their spikes, viz., S. X calurum, X cardinale, caricinum, X
conchiferum, x Sedeni and its varieties, candidulum, and porphyreum.

Several other interesting plants will remain in good condition for a part
of the coming month, a few of them being Angreecum Scottianum, bilobum,
Kirkii, the free-blooming Galeandra Batemanii, Rodiguezia secunda,
Sphathoglottis plicata, and S. Vieillardii. Others are also showing, amongst
which we find Angrecum Humblotii, Gongora armeniaca, Dendrobium
Dearei and superbiens, a few early Calanthes, and Phalznopsis.

The Intermediate department has been the most gaily decorated one
during our summer months, and is still pleasing to see. Cattleyas, more
than any other plants, have contributed to its continuous ornamentation.
The long-bulbed section ought now to be in its full beauty, especially
C. Loddigesii and the allied C. Harrisoniana. C. Forbesii and velutina are
very distinct. C. Bowringiana and its variety violacea are very handsome,
while C. Dowiana aurea provides a beautiful contrast. C. labiata will
also commence its glorious autumn display. Oncidium ornithorynchum is
very pretty with its numerous flowers, also our autumn-blooming Miltonias,

302 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Among other interesting species in flower or bud may be mentioned
the distinct Epidendrum (Barkeria) Lindleyanum, Cattleya Dormaniana
and granulosa, Lelia Perrinii, the Mexican Lelia anceps and its varieties,
as well as L. autumnalis, Maxillaria grandifolia and venusta, Miltonia
Clowesii, and the useful Oncidiums tigrinum and varicosum, the curious
Gongora galeata, Lycaste Dowiana, Vanda czrulea, Coelogyne fimbriata,
and various others.

Now passing to the Cool house, we find the handsome Odontoglossum
grande, Oncidium incurvum, Sphathoglottis Fortunei, Stenoglottis
fimbriata and longifolia are forming a charming display, and valuable in
this respect is the handsome Dendrobium chrysanthum.

Amongst those showing for flower are several Pleiones, namely, preecox,
maculata, lagenaria, and Reichenbachiana. Cypripedium insigne is now
progressing rapidly, and some of the cool Oncidiums are also throwing
up spikes.

Many are the intermediate plants which could be grown in the Cool
house during the summer months, and which will flower quite freely under
cooler treatment. As a matter of fact, many plants in bloom would last
much longer if they were removed to a cooler and drier atmosphere, with
little, if any, harm resulting to the plants. :

ODONTO.

NOVELTIES.

PLEUROTHALLIS RUFA, Rolfe.—A Mexican species of the section Aggre-
gate, allied to P. vittata, Lindl., which flowered in Messrs. Seeger and
Tropp’s Nursery, East Dulwich, in June, 1890, and subsequently elsewhere.
The flowers are dull brownish red with a brown lip.—Kew Bulletin, 1898,
p. 192.

PLATYCLINIS RUFA, Rolfe.—A species allied to P. uncata, Rolfe, but
having reddish-brown flowers, a colour very unusual in the genus. It
flowered in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, in February, 1894. The
precise locality is not known.—l.c., Pp. 162.

DENDROBIUM CYMBIFORME, Rolfe.—A Sumatran species of the section
Pedilonum, allied to D. hamatum, Rolfe, which flowed in the collection of
M. L. Kienast, of Horgen, near Zurich, in April, 1896. The flowers are
straw yellow striped with purple.—l.c., p- 192.

___ DENDROBIUM HIRTULUM, Rolfe.—A species introduced with D.
infundibulum, Lindl., which flowered in the collection of H. Grose-Smith,
____Esq., The Priory, Ryde, I. of Wight, in March, 1898. It is allied to D.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 303

stuposum, Lindl., but has bright yellow flowers with a number of red-brown
streaks on the sides of the lip.—l.c., p. 192.

BULBOPHYLLUM SPECTABILE, Rolfe-—An Assamese species, which
_ flowered in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, in May, 1896. It is
allied to B. striatum, Rchb. f., but has flowers three times as large. The
colour is pale green with numerous deep brown spots, which are arranged
somewhat in lines.—l/.c., p. 193.

ERIA LATIBRACTEATA, Rolfe.—A species of the section Hymeneria, allied
to E. bractescens, Lindl., which was introduced from Borneo by Messrs. F.
Sander & Co., and flowered in their establishment, at St. Albans, in July,
1895. The flowers are pale whitish-yellow, the petals veined with pale pink,
the side lobes of the lip maroon at the apex.—l.c., p. 193 ; Bot. Mag., t. 7605.

C@LOGYNE PULCHELLA, Rolfe.—A species allied to C. longipes, Lindl.,
but having pure white flowers, with two sienna-brown blotches on the lip
and darker keels. It was introduced by Mr. J. W. Moore, Eldon Place
Nursery, Bradford, with whom it flowered in March last.—l.c., p. 194.

EPIDENDRUM ORGANENSE, Rolfe.—A native of the Organ Mountains,
Brazil, whence it was introduced, among Sophronitis grandiflora, Lindl.,
by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., with whom it first flowered in July, 1891. It
is allied to E. calamarium, Lindl., but is dwarfer in habit, and has. dull
yellow sepals and petals, the former much marbled and streaked with purple-
brown behind, and the lip whitish with nine purple radiating lines round
the crest.—/.c., p. 194.

LycasTE DyERIANA, Sander.—A Peruvian species introduced by Messrs.
F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, and exhibited at the Royal Horticultural
Society’s meeting on July gth, 1895, when it received a Botanical Certificate.
It has a pendulous habit, glaucous leaves, and green flowers.—l.c., p. 195.

CHONDRORHYNCHA ALBICANS, Rolfe.—A native of Costa Rica, which
flowered in the collection of the Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Park, in
June, 1896. It is allied to C. Lendyana, Rchb. f., and has white flowers
faintly tinged with green.—l.c., p. 195.

SIEVKINGIA REICHENBACHIANA, Rolfe.—A native of the Western Andes,
at 1,000ft. to 2,o00ft. elevation, introduced by Mr. F. C. Lehmann, and
flowered in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, in 1896. _It is allied to
S. fimbriata, Rchb. f., but has pale yellow sepals, and deeply-fringed deep
yellow petals and lip, with many red-purple spots at the base of the latter.
<—=f.¢.; ps 195.

STANHOPEA IMPRESSA, Rolfe——A species allied to S. imodora, Lindl.,
which flowered in the collection of the Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Park,
in June, 1896. The flowers are light buff yellow, with a few traces of purple
spotting on the sepals and petals, and the base of the lip orange-yellow. It
is a native of the Western Andes.—l.c., p. 196.

304 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

MAXILLARIA ELEGANTULA, Rolfe.—A species introduced with M.
Sanderiana, Rchb. f., by Messrs. F. Sander & Co,, and flowered in their
establishment, at St. Albans, in October last. It is allied to M. grandiflora,
Lindl., and has the sepals and petals nearly white at the base, and brown- —
purple towards the apex, spotted with dark purple-brown; and the lip
yellow margined with purple at the base.—.c., p. 196.

MAXILLARIA DICHROMA, Rolfe.—A species allied to M. venusta, Lindl.,
but with smaller white flowers, which are veined and suffused with light
purple on the lower half of the petals, and the lip margined with the same
colour. The history is the same as that of the preceding species. An
albino of the species has since flowered at St. Albans.—l.c., p. 197.

TRICHOCENTRUM ALATUM, Rolfe.—A Colombian species, introduced by
Mr. Millican, and flowered in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, in June,
1895. It is allied to T. fuscum, Lindl., and the flowers are white except the
basal two-thirds of the lip, which is deep yellow with seven light red veins
along the centre, and the spur, which is yellowish.—l.c., p. 197.

ONCIDIUM GRACILLIMUM, Rolfe.—A Peruvian species, allied to O. luteum,
Rolfe, but with a narrower bifid lip. The flowers are yellow with a few very
pale brown markings at the base of the sepals and petals and around the
crest. It flowered in Messrs. F. Sander & Co.’s Nursery in April, 1896.-—
Lc. DP. 197+

SARCANTHUS HONGKONGENSIS, Rolfe-—A Hong-kong species, intro-
duced by Mr. Ford, and flowered at Kew in June, 1893. It is allied to S.
filiformis, Lindl., and has pale lilac flowers with the column and front of the
lip bright purple.—l.c., p. 198.

JENMANIA ELATA, Rolfe.—A remarkable new genus, which was sent from
Trinidad by Mr. Prestoe, and flowered at Kew in September, 1870, after
which it was lost sight of until dried specimens were collected on the
Pomeroon and Demerara Rivers, British Guiana, by Mr. Jenman. It is a
tall, terrestrial plant, with radical leaves much like those of Neuwiedia, and
yellow flowers, over an inch long, and arranged in a lax panicle. It -is
allied to Corymbis, but has the base of the lip adnate to the column.—
Le., p. 198.

SOBRALIA LUTEOLA, Rolfe.—A species which flowered in the collection
of Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Epsom, in March, 1896. It is allied
to S. suaveolens, Rchb. f., and has light yellow flowers with rather darker
nerves on the lip, and a few traces of brown between the keels in front. The
exact habitat is not recorded.—l.c., p. 199.

HET&ERIA SAMOENSIS, Rolfe.—A Samoan species, allied to H. Whitmeei,
Rchb. f., described from a dried specimen in the Cambridge University
Herbarium, collected by Mr. Walter in 1875.—I.c., p- 199.

ee

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

PAPHIOPEDIUM BELLATULUM ALBUM.

THE annexed figure represents the beautiful Cypripedium or Paphiopedium
bellatulum album, which was described at page 207 of our third volume.
It is from a plant in the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury, and had
been open for about a month when the photograph was taken. It is, of
course, reduced in size, as the flower measured 2% inches in diameter. Mr.
Wrigley remarks that the plant is in perfect health, but he finds that it
requires the greatest care in watering, or it is liable to damp. It is a true
albino, as the scape, bract, and ovary are entirely green, and every trace of
purple has also vanished from the leaves. It has, however, a very good
constitution, and we have seen good plants of it in several collections, all of

Fic. 15. PAPHIOPEDIUM BELLATULUM ALBUM.

which, we believe, are subdivisions of the original clump, for we havejnot
heard of the discovery of other specimens in the various importations
received from the Shan"States. It first flowered in Europe in the collection
of Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen, in June, 1895, when it
received a First-class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society, Of
its value for hybridising purposes we cannot yet speak, though it has already
been utilised to some extent as a pollen parent, and one seedling is reported
to have already flowered (see page 220), though the report seems incredible,
and we should like to receive the exact particulars.

— Ot

306 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

BOTANICAL ORCHIDS AT KEW.

WE must not omit our monthly notes on Botanical Orchids at Kew; for
some of these little beauties, which are so interesting and which are,
unfortunately, so seldom seen in cultivation, are always to be found there.
The Cool house, especially, always contains a selection of these gems,
several of which must be mentioned this month. The very curious Disa
polygonoides is very well grown, a good clump bearing about ten spikes,
covered with numerous small flowers of a reddish-orange colour. Another
certainly striking plant is Houlletia Brocklehurstiana, bearing a fine spike
with nine or ten beautiful flowers, of a brownish colour, and daintily
marked with black spots, the lip being very pretty in shape and darker
in colour. This plant seems to succeed splendidly, grown in baskets in
the Cattleya house, but requires a very good rest.

Platylepis glandulosa is a curious South African species now in bloom.
Scaphosepalum ochthodes is a free flowering species formerly referred to
Masdevallia. Epidendrum bracteatum is an interesting Brazilian plant,
which lasts for a couple of months in perfection, as also does Satyrium
carneum when kept dry. The small Trichopilia hymenantha and
Zygopetalum stapelioides are both worth growing.

Only a few species amongst the warm kinds are to be seen, namely,
Dendrobium Johannis, an Australian species bearing a spike of small,
brown flowers, the sepals and_ petals being more twisted than usual.
Catasetum Hookeri is a very distinct species with nearly globose green
flowers. Polystachya laxiflora is still in flower, and has been so for no
less than ten weeks. This West African species deserves more general
cultivation. Listrostachys subulata and Mystacidium distichum are two
curious little species of the Angraecum group, but, unfortunately, their
small white flowers do not last long.

In conclusion we ought to mention that the handsome Coryanthes
maculata, which flowered previously, and which was reported in the
REVIEW last month (page 260), is now showing another spike with four
buds, which are nearly open: at the moment of writing. This plant has
furnished no less than six spikes, and seems to do extremely well in the
new Nephenthes house, where the splendid Eulophiella Elisabethe,
Grammatophyllum Rumphianum, and Grammangis Ellisii have flowered.

The new Orchid houses are rapidly approaching completion, and it will
be interesting to see how far the alterations made prove beneficial to the
plants,

ODOoNTO,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 307

ORCHIDS AT NORTH EASTON, MASS., U.S.A.

Mr. OAKES AMES is at present one of the leading botanists and Orchid
amateurs in the United States, and a devoted lover and promoter of Orchid
culture. Within the last few years he has accumulated a remarkable
collection, which is steadily increasing as facilities offer for acquiring new
and desirable species, and hybrids ot merit, not already in stock.

The collection embraces nearly one hundred genera, and is especially
rich in Cypripedia, of which alone nearly three hundred and fifty species
and hybrids are grown; among them a fine series of hybrids of the concolor
section, as C. X Arnoldie, x Annie Ayling, X Chapmanii, x Cowleyanum,
x Evenor, xX Gertrude Hollington, X Mawoodii, x Marchioness of
Salisbury, x microchilum, xX Miss Minnie Ames, X Georgeanum, X Mrs.
E. V. Low, &c.; with a choice selection of other rare hybrids, such as xX
Arthurianum pulchellum, x Aspasia, x Chamber-Leeanum, X Deedmani-
anum, X Frau Ida Brandt, x Harrisander, X Massaianum, xX Oakes
Ames, X Neptune, x W. R. Lee, X Youngianum superbum, and numerous
other good things; a good suite of C. insigne varieties—Sandere, Laura
Kimball, and five others of the yellow varieties; also a fine lot of choice
seedlings of his own raising, which promise startling results in the near
future. Selenipedium is also well represented, covering nearly every distinct
species and hybrid up to date.

The plants are all in excellent condition, and are grown under cool
treatment, in a shallow compost, consisting of chopped sphagnum moss and
Osmunda fibre, thus ensuring free drainage. The compost is kept moist at
all times, and copious syringing overhead is given daily during bright
weather. Air is freely admitted by both top and bottom ventilators night
and day during summer, thus keeping up a free atmospheric circulation at
all times, and, as a result, the damping off of growths, even among the
concolor section, is a thing unknown in the collection.

Shading consists of a thin coat of white paint applied to the glass, in
preference to canvas shading.

The Cattleyas and kindred genera are treated much after the method
used for Cypripediums. Air is freely admitted, and syringing overhead freely
indulged in, with the best possible results, as is shown by the clean, healthy
vigour of the plants, and the absence of scale, thrip, and other pests. During
the winter months the shading is completely removed, and the sun allowed
free access. A temperature of 55° to 60° F. is given by night, and allowed
to rise ten degrees higher during the day.

The Cool Orchids are grown in a shaded north house, and though the
hot summer weather in America is a serious drawback to the successful
culture of the Odontoglossum crispum section and Masdevallias, yet the

308 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

plants show a remarkable state of vigour, and are making up in interest at
present what they have suffered during the past few hot months.

Miltonia vexillaria is grown here in quantity for cutting, and is at present
making a gorgeous display, each growth producing two or three fine spikes
of bloom. |

One of the leading features. of the collection is the botanical Orchids;
these are great favourites of Mr. Ames, and no pains has been spared to
make this section as complete as possible. They are certainly very inter-
esting when grown to perfection, as they are here.

Hardy Orchids receive also due consideration, and at the new ‘‘ Oakes
Ames” Botanic Garden—comprising over one hundred acres of ground—
fitting locations have been selected to make their culture an assured suecess,
and large patches of each species are being brought together with telling
effect.

R. M. G.

SEEDLING ODONTOGLOSSUMS.

THE following notes on Seedling Odontoglossums are extracted from a letter
received from M. Ch. Vuylsteke, of Loochristi, Ghent, who, it may be
remembered, has flowered three distinct hybrids during the present year.
The first difficulty M. Vuylsteke mentions, is that of getting the seeds to
germinate, and he believes that many of the seeds produced are without a
healthy germ, for all the principal growers in Belgium have tried experiments
on a large scale, and in various ways, though without much success, and
often with none. A bright or dull summer has an important influence in
maturing the seeds, and M. Vuylsteke finds that plump seeds germinate
easily. During this process they gradually change into little green leafless
and rootless bulbs, in which stage they require the greatest care, or they
Quickly die. After a time they gradually develop roots and leaves, and thus
become stronger, after which the risk of their disappearing is greatly reduced.
After they become established, M. Vuylsteke remarks that he finds them
stronger growers than imported plants. If there are any cultural secrets
besides perseverance and unremitting attention, M. Vuylsteke does not
divulge them, though we have his permission to publish these notes. Those,
however, who succeed in growing Odontaglossums well should be
encouraged to persevere, for where older plants thrive seedlings also grow,
additional care being taken until the plants have developed roots and leaves,
and thus become established. Seedlings have now flowered in at least five
different establishments, and nice little plants are in existence elsewhere,
which only require time in order to reach maturity. Notes from other
correspondents will be acceptable,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 369

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR OCTOBER.
By H. A. BURBERRY, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

A LITTLE difference must now, of course, be made in the temperatures of
the various departments. The following figures will be a guide to the
degree of warmth most suitable for the autumn months :—

CooL HOUSE :—Day, with sun, 60° to 65°; without sun, 55° to 60°;
night and morning, 50° to 55°.

INTERMEDIATE HOUSE :—Day, with sun, 70° to 75°; without sun, 60°
to 65°; night, 60°; morning, 55° to 60°.

WarRM OR EasT INDIAN HOUSE :—Day, with sun, 75° to 80°; without
sun, 70°; night, 65°; morning, 60°.

The beautiful weather of September has fully compensated for the late
spring. It has assisted those plants that were rather late to form their
pseudobulbs, and to become properly ripened, while the large volumes of
beautiful warm air, which it has been possible to administer, have done
much to harden and ripen up all others, giving them a healthy tone, and
thus preparing them to pass more successfully through the winter months,
now so close upon us.

A few words here on the general present management of the various
departments may, perhaps, be of service. Commencing with the Cool
house, I may say that very little warmth from the pipes will yet be
required. On a particularly cold, sunless day, a little may be employed
with advantage, because it will enable a circulation of fresh air to be still
maintained. The nights, however, are now getting long and cold, and it
it therefore advisable to employ a little warmth for a few hours almost
every night, or a nasty mildew will probably appear on the foliage, showing
plainly enough that the air becomes stagnant. A little warmth in the
pipes will prevent all this, because a goodly supply of air may then be
given, both at top and bottom. The value of such air at this season for
Cool Orchids must never be lost sight of. The more hardily—in reason, of
course—one treats his Orchids, the less are his failures, and the greater
and more wonderful are his successes.

Regarding water in this department at this season, we must now be
rather careful. The number of times one may damp down the surround-
ings depends, of course, on two things—firstly, the weather, and secondly,
the structure and its position. A well-appointed Cool house should now
require damping down about once a day—during the morning—though
sometimes it may require it twice; and there may frequently be days
when it would be best to avoid damping altogether. I allude to damp,
sunless weather. As to watering at the roots, much more care must now
be exercised. Many cool Orchids are ruined during the winter simply

310 THE ORCHID REVIEN.

through being kept too wet at the roots. They should not, of course, be
baked up with drought, so as to cause shrivelling ; but I am certain that
it is far safer to err on the dry side than on the wet. I speak of all
plants, in whatever stage of growth they may chance to be. You may
keep your plants in a continually saturated atmosphere, and always wet
at the root, and try to force growth the whole year round, and with more
or less success, but growth will never be free and robust, and the trouble
they give is great. Never will they grow luxuriantly and freely until it is
recognised that rest, at some period of the year, is equally as important
for Orchids as for all other plants.

The inmates of the Intermediate house should likewise be kept drier.
The fore-going remarks on damping down and watering will exactly apply
here. More warmth from the pipes will, of course, be necessary, inasmuch
as the degree to be maintained is higher. But, even here, there will
probably be many days and nights during this month when but very little
artificial heat will be necessary. Bear in mind that when a little fire-heat
may be advantageous to assist in securing a suitable atmosphere, much
may have an opposite effect, and be almost as bad as thcugh none at all
were employed. Let the top ventilators be used in accordance with the
outside weather, as late into the season as possible, for the plants will now
be comparatively hardy and able to withstand larger volumes of air at this
autumn season than they will in spring. Manage this month to have more
or less bottom air on, night and day.

The East Indian house:—In this department little can be added to the
instructions given for the previous one. For some little time longer this will
probably require to be damped down twice daily pretty regularly. Give air
at all times whenever possible, though, of course, a greater amount of
caution in doing so has here to be adopted. Commence also to reduce
considerably the amount of water given to the plants.

The deciduous Calanthes will now almost have completed their new
pseudodulbs, and begin to push up their spikes for blooming a month or
two hence, and a much less supply of water is now required. The large
green foliage will gradually decay until none are left, and the flowers
will then gradually expand, requiring but little water to assist them. They
come on and expand much better in the Warm house where they have
been grown, but last longer if then removed into an Intermediate
department.

As mentioned last month, Cattleya labiata and C. Dowiana aurea
are now very beautiful. I think I have before warned growers that these
two species are very apt to be weakened and disfigured by the partial
loss of their new bulbs directly after flowering, unless they are then
looked after and prevented from doing so. This decay sets in from

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 311

where the flower spike has been cut, and the leaf soon drops. To
prevent this the sheath should be pulled bodily away, so as to prevent
the water lodging therein. And not only this, but the plants should
not be allowed directly after blooming to occupy a too wet, cold, or
shady spot, but should be given a light position, where the air can
circulate freely round them, The old stump of the flower-spike then
soon dries up, when all fear of rot is over.

Dendrobium Phalenopsis and its varieties are now making a great
show. After flowering, they should be suspended in a light Warm house,
where they may thoroughly rest throughout the winter, receiving only
enough water to keep them from shrivelling. During summer they are fond
of great heat and much moisture, but, if kept too excited during winter, will
grow badly and become spotted.

Many of the spring-flowering Dendrobiums have now completed their
new pseudobulbs, and desire nothing more than to be placed in a depart-
ment where the atmosphere is somewhat dry, with plenty of air, and a
cool temperture. For the majority of these, the thermometer should
register from 45° to 55° throughout the greater part of the winter or
resting months. In such a temperature, with but little water given, the
pseudobulbs will remain plump and hard, and their flower buds will slowly
develop. Plants may be selected as required, and placed in slightly warmer
positions for flowering. When the flower buds have attained a good size
they should receive a little more heat, when they will expand in about two
weeks. If any of the plants have started to grow again they must still
undergo the same system of rest, or they will soon deteriorate. If there is
no separate department suitable for resting Dendrobes, the Cool Orchid
house makes a splendid place for them, and if there be one place more
cool and airy than another, see that it is occupied by D. Wardianum, so
that a complete rest shall be insured.

Many of the Oncidiums are now producing their flower-spikes, and
among these is the charming O. varicosum. This species is well-known
on account of its beautiful spikes of yellow flowers, but it is difficult to
cultivate it well for many years together. I think that difficulty has at last
been overcome to a very large evtent. I used to think that it succeeded
best in the Cool house with some of the other cool-growing species, but
have since found out that the Cattleya house provides the most suitable
temperature all the year round. It is not, however, to the temperature
alone that I attribute the failure in growing it well, but to insufficient rest.
To really succeed with this species it must be grown suspended, and
during the winter it must have an absolute rest. It will then need scarcely
any water. Never mind about it shrivelling a little ; it will soon get
plump again when spring arrives and water is applied. I have seen

312 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

these shrivelled-up bulbs make new growths equal to any made by a newly |
imported plant.

The work of importing Orchids goes on apace at all times of the
year. Those that are purchased now should not be neglected for a single
hour, but straightway be cleaned and washed, taken to their respective
quarters, and induced to sprout out new roots by standing them up on a
layer of moss, which should be kept continually moist. When the new
roots are seen to appear, they may be potted or basketed up, and further
encouraged to grow. To let them lay about here and there on the stages
at this time of the year means that they will quickly go from bad to worse,
until they are practically useless. From the time an Orchid is gathered
from its native bower until it is again growing and making new roots with
us at home, it is continually losing its vitality, therefore the sooner we get
it well on the road to recovery the better, and that cannot quickly take
place if it is suspended by its heels and allowed to remain dust dry, or put
away under the dark stages, as is too often the case.

The short-bulbed Mexican Lelias are now producing their flower spikes
plentifully, the last spell of brilliantly fine weather having helped them on
wonderfully. Continue to give them a fair amount of water until they
have finished blooming, to prevent the pseudobulbs suffering too much. 1
would advise that very small pseudobulbs be not allowed to bloom, but
have their spikes pinched off, so that they may be stronger another year.
There is really no difficulty in growing this class of Orchids provided they
have similar treatment to that given to Cattleya house plants generally,
both winter and summer. From May onwards through the summer it is
well nigh impossible to over-water them, but from autumn until spring
again very little is required. All of them delight in a considerable amount
of sunlight, but only L. anceps can endure full exposure to the sun in the
hottest weather, so that a light shading should be provided.

Earlier in the year, I advocated the syringing of Orchids with lukewarm
water once or twice daily to assist them while making new growth. This
practice should now be discontinued, or some evil effects may probably
result.

Black and yellow thrips which formerly gave the Orchid grower so
much trouble, should not in these days he reckoned among his most trouble-
some pests, because with the aid of that now most popular insecticide
known as the “XL. ALL fumigating vapourizer” they can be so easily
destroyed. The yellow thrip, however, is frequently seen—or rather his
handiwork may be—while casually going through a collection of Orchids.
It may be in the flower buds of an Odontoglossum crispum or O. Rossii
becoming deformed and curling up, in the tender flower buds of Dendrobium
Phalzenopsis turning yellow and falling off, or in the leaves of Cypripediums

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 313

more or less yellow, from injury caused by these insects still at work down
in the axils. This not only robs the grower of the flowers, but also
enfeebles and disfigures his plants. “XL. ALL” is perfectly safe to use if
the instructions are followed, and I have never known anything injured as
used to be the case in the old days of tobacco rag, paper, &c. It generally
kills the pests far away down the axils, which the tobacco paper would not
touch, and any that are left may easily be destroyed by dropping a little
tobacco powder down among them. In these days there is really no reason
why thrips should be allowed to ravage our plants.

THE JAPANESE IN AN ORCHID CRAZE.

THE following amusing paragraph is going the round of the papers :—‘ The
latest craze that has made its appearance in Japan is the Orchid craze; and
if reports are true, the Tulip craze in Holland of several centuries ago may
well look to its laurels. According to the Tokio Asaki (Morning Day), a
new variety of a small Orchid, jointly owned by the well-known gardener of
Shitanya, Marn Shin, and by two others, is at present enjoying the highest
reputation. It is. called ‘Amakusa,’ for every rare variety has its own
special name. Its leaves measure only four inches in length, and one-and-
a-half inches in width, this variety being the only one now found in Japan.
The leaves, only eleven in number, are whitish, with yellow-hued stripes
widely marked, and the whole appearance exceedingly graceful. The fame
of the ‘ Amakusa’ has sent all the circles of Orchid hunters into a flutter.
Numerous applications have been received by the triple owners, asking them
_ to part with even one leaf, for Orchids, as is well known, can be propagated
by root separation. But all these applications have been courteously
declined. The other day, says the Asaki, a delegation, representing ten
villagers of Chitagori, Okari, came up to Tokio. They were all men
stricken with the Orchid mania, and, hearing of this rare variety, each of
them subscribed 500 yen (a yen is 50 cents in United States currency), and
one of them, the headman of the village, arrived on the important mission of
purchasing a leaf. While the negotiations were in progress, the Kyoto
Horticultural Company despatched its president also on the same errand.
The owners of the precious Orchid conferred with each other, but decided
_ not to accede to the offers made them, for they have in mind a similar case
of another rare variety, which, several years ago, brought the fabulous price
of 10,000 yen per leaf. So both delegates were obliged to return home
crestfallen ; and the Asaki adds, ‘ Even supposing that the owners might be
persuaded to part with that Orchid at 5,000 yen a leaf, that would bring

314 THE ORCHID REVIEW,

them a sum of 55,000 yen, while if the price were to rise to 10,000 yen each,
that amount would be doubled.”—Western Morning News.

It would be interesting to have a few more details, and to know what
our Japanese readers think of the paragraph.

re

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND
ORCHID SOCIETY,

A MEETING was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on August 25th,
when the following members were present ;—Messrs. G. W. Law-Schofield
(in the chair), H. Greenwood, P. Weathers, R. Johnson, J. Robson, and
T. Mills (Hon. Sec.).

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed Lezelio-
cattleya X Mr. Gratrix, to which an Award of Merit was given.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Cattleya
Leopoldi.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed Leelio-
cattleya x elegans blenheimensis (First-class Certificate), L.c. Xe.
excellens (Award of Merit), L.-c. x Nysa superba (First-class Certificate),
Lelia crispa superba (First-class Certificate), Cattleya x Hardyana
rubescens (First-class Certificate), and C. x H. magnifica (First-class
Certificate). The same exhibitor staged a very fine group, for which he
was awarded the Society’s Silver Medal.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed Cypripedium X
Mrs. F. L. Ames (Award of Merit), and Dendrobium formosum giganteum
(Award of Merit).

Henry Weetman, Esq., Glossop (gr. Mr. Nesbit), showed Cattleya
Harrisoniana, Weetman’s variety (Award of Merit).

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed Vanda teres (Award of Merit).

At the meeting held on September 8th the members present were :—
Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair), Rappart, Bolton, Johnson, Robson,
and Mills (Hon. Sec.).

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), showed a good plant of
Cattleya Warneri,C. Harrisoni imia, a good dark variety with broad sepals
and petals (Award of Merit), and Lzlio-cattleya X Clonia (Award of Merit).

Thomas Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed
Cypripedium X Denisianum, Cattleya Warscewiczii, a good spotted form
of Odontoglossum crispum, and a very beautiful form of Lelio-cattleya X
Ingramii, being a cross between L. Dayana superba and C. Dowiana
aurea. The lip was intensely dark, looking almost black at a distance.
A First-class Certificate was awarded.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 315

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed Cattleya X Hardyana, for which
he obtained a First-class Certificate.

F. Hardy, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey, sent plants of the interesting
Sophro-cattleya X George Hardy, described at page 270.

Mr. W. Bolton, Wilderspool, sent a nice collection of cut flowers.

At the meeting held on September 22nd, the exhibits were rather more
numerous, and the following members of the Committee were present :—
Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair), G. W. Law Schofield, J. Leemann,
H. Greenwood, A. Warburton, W. Bolton, J. Cypher, R. Johnson, and
T. Mills (Hon. Sec.).

Thomas Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed Cattleya
granulosa aurea (Award of Merit), C. x Minucia, and the beautiful Lzlio-
cattleya X elegans Statteriana (First-class Certificate).

S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed Leelio-
cattleya X Nysa, and a Cypripedium called C. palawanensis.

H. Greenwood, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Gill), showed Dendrobium x
Kenneth, and Cypripedium xX Marshianum (Award of Merit).

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), showed Odonto-
glossum crispum illuminatum, with flower well spotted and of good form,
but rather small (Award of Merit), and O. bictoniense xanthoglossum.

John Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Cattleya
x Hardyana, a wonderful form of this beautiful variety (First-class
Certificate), C. x H. Massaiana, C. Gaskelliana (Award of Merit), C.
G. pallida, Lzlio-cattleya X Andreana, Cypripedium X Charles Richman, C.
X cenanthum superbum, and Lelia pumila. This exhibitor also staged a
very fine group of miscellaneous Orchids, amongst which there were three
plants of Cattleya x Hardyana. A Silver Gilt Medal was awarded.

Richard Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), showed Lelio-
cattleya X Nysa (Award of Merit).

W. Bolton, Esq., Wilderspool (gr. Mr. Cain), showed a very fine form
of Cattleya Warscewiczii (Award of Merit), and a beautiful group of the
various forms of Cattleya Harrisoniana, for which a Silver Medal was
awarded.

Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, showed Oncidium Forbesii superbum (Award
of Merit) and a fine Dendrobium Phalznopsis highburyensis (Award of
Merit).

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, showed Lelio-cattleya X intermedio-
flava (Award of Merit) and L.-c. x Pallas, a fine flower but past its best.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, showed Cattleya x Massaiana, High View
Variety (Award of Merit), and Léelio-cattleya x eleganti-Lawrenceana
(Award of Merit).

316 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Mr. J. Robson, Altrincham, showed Dendrobium Phalzenopsis delicatum,
Miltonia spectabilis atrorubens, and Cattleya x Ashtonii.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Bradford, showed Oncidium incurvum
album (Award of Merit and Cultural Certificate), Cattleya Eldorado alba
(Award of Merit), Masdevallia macrura, Odontoglossum maxillare
(madrense), Lelio-cattleya X intermedio-cinnabarina, Cypripedium xX
Lilian Greenwood (Award of Merit), and Dendrobium Phalzenopsis.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

AT the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society held at the Drill Hall,
James Street, Westminster, on September 6th, Orchids were not numerously
represented, though several fine things were shown. The members of the
Orchid Committee present were :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the Chair, and
Messrs. J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.), T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, S. Courtauld,
De Barri Crawshay, James Douglas, J. G. Fowler, T. B. Haywood,
H. M. Pollett, A. H. Smee, W. H. White, and W. H. Young.

Mr. Owen Thomas, gardener to Her Majesty the Queen, Frogmore,
staged a most remarkable specimen of the Dove Orchid, Peristera elata
bearing eight fine spikes and an aggregate of over three hundred of its
fragrant flowers. It was awarded a First-class Certificate and also a Silver
Flora Medal in recognition of its exceptional culture.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), exhibited
the remarkable Dendrobium sanguineum~ which is unique in its deep
crimson colour. An Award of Merit was given.

Edgar Cohen, Esq., Hall Road, St. John’s Wood (gr. Mr. Vass),
exhibited a fine plant of Lelio-cattleya X elegans, the sepals and_ petals
being greenish yellow, tinged and veined with light rose, and the lip rich
purple in front and cream-white behind; a very handsome form.

Sir T. G. Freake, Bart., Warfleet House, Dartmouth, sent a beautiful
form of Dendrobium Phalznopsis, whose flowers were white, tinged with
yellow at the base of the lip, and veined with purple on the front lobe.

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Elsted House, Godalming, sent Lelia x
splendens (crispa X purpurata), a pretty hybrid with fragrant flowers, in
which the characters of the two parents are very well combined.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed
Cypripedium X Mrs. F. L. Ames ‘tonsum 2 X Fairrieanum $), a pretty
hybrid, with light green flowers veined with purple. ~

_ Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a very fine group,
consisting largely of hybrids, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It

ORCHID REVIEW. 317

contained two good forms of Cattleya x Eros; C. Xx Euphrasia
langleyensis, a very pretty variety, having light rose-coloured flowers, with
the base of the lip yellowish white and the front lobe dark claret purple ;
C. X Ella (bicolor ¢ X Warscewiczii 3), a fine hybrid, with flowers most
like C. bicolor in shape, and the colour rosy lilac, with a brilliant purple
front lobe margined with lavender (Award of Merit); the brilliant Lzelio-
cattleya X callistoglossa ignescens ; several good L.-c. xX Nysa; the
interesting Epidendrum xX radicanti-Stamfordianum; some good forms of
Dendrobium Phalzenopsis, Renanthera matutina, Masdevallia x Imogen,
Rodriguezia venusta, Cypripedium X Clinkaberryanum, C. xX H. Ballantine,
the handsome C. X Rothschildiano-villosum, C. x Milo, C. x Harrisianum
superbum, and other good things. —

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, showed a
Cypripedium called C x palawanense, said to have been imported from
North Borneo, and supposed to be a natural hybrid. It bears a considerable
resemblance to C: X Kimballianum.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, showed Cypripedium x William
Trelease (Rothschildianum ? X Parishii ¢),a fine hybrid with large yellow
dorsal sepal veined with dark purple, petals irregularly blotched and lined
with similar colour, and the lip tinged and veined with rose; another pretty
hybrid called C. x Mrs. Edgar Cohen, derived from C. callosum X niveum,
and thus a variety of C. X Winifred Hollington; Dendrobium
Phalzenopsis and other interesting things.

THE CULTIVATION OF DISAS.

At three o’clock, a paper by Mr. T. W. Burkinshaw, on ‘‘ The Disa,”
was read by the secretary (Rev. W. Wilks, M.A.), the chair being taken by
Mr. George Paul. Mr. Burkinshaw is a very successful grower of Disas,
and, after a few introductory words as to their utility and beauty, he
proceeded to describe the details of their culture by which success could be
attained, the directions being primarily applicable to D. grandiflora. From
the conditions under which his own plants were cultivated, Mr. Burkinshaw
showed that Disas require a house to protect them from severe frost and cold
draughts, though abundance of fresh air is necessary, and even during very
cold weather the admission of a little air several times a day, so as to
change the atmosphere, will benefit the plants. In the winter of 1894,
owing to the boiler being weak, the temperature of Mr. Burkinshaw’s house
fell one or two degrees below freezing point, so that the soil was quite
hardened on the service, and the young growths blackened, but, by the use
of cold water over the plants before the sun was upon them, he prevented
any injury resulting, and the same season he had forty to sixty spikes of
bloom which bore six, eight, or nine blooms on a spike. The atmosphere

318 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

should not be allowed to become dry either by day or night. The plants
usually bloom during June and July, but by keeping them cool and shading
them from the sun, he had delayed them from flowering until the beginning
of July, and they then lasted until the end of August. Disas like a short
rest before growth commences, and as soon as the old leaves are seen to
become brown in tint, less water should be given. The best time to re-pot
is the end of September or beginning of October. Mr. Burkinshaw’s
practice is to re-pot them one year, and the next year merely to re-surface
them and put the drainage in order. Ordinary pots or pans are preferred
to perforated ones, and the crocks are best put end downward instead of
horizontally, as the young roots like to run down between the crocks. The
crocks should be covered with sphagnum-moss, and the drainage should
be efficient.

The compost used is peat, a little dry cow-manure, and broken charcoal,
all passed through a half-inch sieve, and the fine portion rejected. The
plants should be knocked out carefully, so that the roots are injured as little
as possible. In potting, the plants should be elevated a little above the rim,
when there is less liability to damp at the collar. The potting material
may be surfaced with living sphagnum-moss and broken sand-stone, after
which the plants should be watered with tepid water and removed to their
winter quarters. They should be shaded from hot sunshine, and for this
purpose blinds are best, as it is possible to remove them when not required.
Little root-watering will be needed until after February, in which month
the plants will commence to grow. During March, April, and May,
however, they should be given copious supplies, and, in the latter month,
guano at the rate of one ounce to a gallon of tepid water may be given with
much benefit. A few flowers were sent by Mr. Burkinshaw that his plants
had produced as late as September.

At the meeting held on September 20th, Orchids were much more
numerous than at the two or three previous ones. The members of the
Orchid Committee present were: H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the Chair, and
Messrs. J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.), H. Ballantine, T. W. Bond, H. ds
Chapman, W. Cobb, S. Courtauld, J. Douglas, J. G. Fowler, J. T. Gabriel,
E. Hill, H. Little, H. M. Pollett, W. H. White, and W. H. Young.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
White), staged a fine group, consisting chiefly of Miltonias, and including a
very fine, well-flowered specimen of M. spectabilis, which had been for years
in the collection, and to which a Cultural Commendation was given; M. s.
Moreliana, M. Clowesii, the handsome M. X Bluntii Lubbersiana, M. X
leucoglossa, having cream-white sepals and petals blotched with pale violet,
and a pure white lip with a few purple markings round the crest (Award of

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 319

Merit) ; and a fine plant of M. X Binotii, supposed to be a natural hybrid
between M. candida and M. Regnellii, bearing seven racemes, the sepals
and petals cream-white, tinged with lilac at the base, and barred with
cinnamon-brown, and the lip rosy-lilac (Award of Merit). The group also
contained Oncidium trulliferum, and a finely flowered plant of O. longipes.

C. H. Feiling, Esq., Southgate House, Southgate (gr. Mr. Canham),
staged a very pretty group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It
contained about three dozen well-grown and profusely-flowered plants of
Dendrobium Phalznopsis, and including both light and dark varieties ;
some good forms of Cattleya Gaskelliana, Cypripedium xX Bryan, and other
good things.

Frau Ida Brandt, Riesbach, Zurich (gr. Mr. Schlecht), sent good spikes
of Angrecum Ellisii and Odontoglossum Lindleyanum.

J. Coleman, Esq., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. King), showed a good form of
Cattleya xX Hardyana, with a very dark lip, having but little of the
characteristic golden veining of C. Dowiana aurea.

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond),
showed a pretty form of Lzlio-cattleya x bella, called T. W. Bond (labiata
¢ X purpurata 3).

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a very fine group, to
which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained the handsome Cattleya
X intertexta (Award of Merit), C. x Wendlandii, C. x Patrocinii, C. x
porphyrophlebia, Lelia x splendens (purpurata 2 X crispa ¢), the
reversed cross of the original form (Award of Merit), the rare L. monophylla
with thirteen flowers, L. X juvenilis, Lzlio-cattleya x Nysa and varieties,
L.-c. X Eunomia, the singular Dendrobium Mirbelianum, Epidendrum
Brassavolz with three racemes, Lycaste leucantha, the graceful Coelogyne
Veitchii with graceful drooping spikes of pure white flowers, Oncidium
Marshallianum, Cypripedium X T. B. Haywood, and others.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, received a Silver Banksian Medal for
a showy group containing good examples of Lelio-cattleya xX intermedio-
flava, L.-c. X Nysa, L.-c. Pallas, L.-c. x elegans, Cattleya velutina, C. x
porphyrophlebia, several good forms of Vanda ccerulea, Cypripedium xX
marmorophyllum, C. Xx picturatum, C. X palawanense, C. X Harrisianum
superbum, C. xX T. W. Bond, and other good things.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, sent some good plants of
Odontoglossum grande, Cypripedium purpuratum, and two examples of the
handsome Dendrobium atroviolaceum, of which they have recently obtained
a fine importation.

Messrs. J. W. Moore & Co., Cragg Royd Nurseries, Rawdon, near
Leeds, sent a fine plant of Vanda ceerulea, bearing a stout inflorescence of
its handsome flowers,

320 3 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

AGANISIA C@RULEA.—Rev. Hort, Sept. 16, p. 432, with plate.

CaTTLEYA ELporapo.—/Journ. of Hort., Sept. 15, p. 203, fig. 36.

CATTLEYA TRIANZ VAR. SAMYANA.—Lindenia, t. 631.

CyMBIDIUM LowIANvuM (at Clare Lawn).—Gard. Mag., Aug. 20, p. 542,
with fig.

CyYPRIPEDIUM LONGIFOLIUM.—Gartenfl., Sept., p. 393, t. 9.

CYPRIPEDIUM X NIOBE, Rolfe.—Lindenia, t. 629.

CYPRIPEDIUM X OLivia.—Journ. of Hort., Aug. 25, pp. 142, 143, fig. 26.

DENDROBIUM DeEaREI (a fine specimen).—Gard. Chron., Sept. 10, p. 193,
fig. 53; Garden, Sept. 24, p. 237, with fig.

DENDROBIUM DENSIFLORUM (a fine specimen).—Gard. Chron., Sept. 3,
pp. 184, 185, fig. 51.

DENDROBIUM PIERARDI.—Gard. Mag., Aug. 13, p. 526, with fig.

Disa X CLI0.—Journ. of Hort., Sept. 1, p. 163, fig. 29.

DisA GRANDIFLORA.—Sem. Hort., Sept. 17, p. 395, fig. 380.

EULOPHIELLA PEETERSIANA, Krinzl.—Bot. Mag., tt. 7612, 7613.

L&LIA ANCEPS VAR. BALLANTINEANA.—Lindenia, t. 632.

L#LIA PRASTANS, Rchb. f., VAR. AMABILIS.—Lindenia, t. 627; VAR.
CANDIDA.—1.c., t. 625 ; VAR. NOBILIS.—l.c., t. 626.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X INGRAMII GIGANTEA.—Journ. of Hort., Aug. II,
pp. 109, 110, fig. 20.

ODONTOGLOSsUM PESCATOREI vAR. Rot LEopoLp.—Lindenia, t. 630.

ODONTOGLOSSUM X VIGERIANUM, L. Lind.—Lindenia, t. 628.—One of
the numerous forms of O. x Wilckeanum.

SCUTICARIA HADWENII.—Gard. Mag., Aug. 27, p. 558, with fig.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in
me cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue. )

J. F., Lasswade —Acampe longifolia.
G. M.—We believe that any of the firms whose names appear in our advertisement
columns could supply the plants. It would be invidious to name any one particularly.
Beginner.—The secret of flowering Dendrobium nobile well, is to give the bulbs a long,
cool rest after they are fully developed. It will grow well in an ordinary stove, after which
it should be rested in a cool vinery. Many Orchids may be grown successfully with other
plants, if their requirements receive proper attention.
.. P.—We do not know of any absolute character by which Lelia pumila and L.
can be separated, as they seem to pass into each other, if a series of flowers are
examined.
Photographs received, with thanks.—G. L. M., G. PA., A. W. H., R. B. W.
__ We have received the illustrated Catalogue of Orchids, issued by Mr. Paul Wolter, of
Magdeburg-Wilhelmstadt, Germany, containing a good selection of the usual cultivated
Orchids. Also a list of newly imported Orchids from Brazil and Columbia, issued by

Orchids! Orchids]

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The Company are constantly receiving Importations of Orchids from various parts
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at very reasonable Price

Descriptive and Priced Catalogues of their Stock of Established Orchids, as well as ¢ yf
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Vor. Vi] NOVEMBER, 1808. [No. 71.

THE

Poe CHID REVIEW:

Hn Fllustrated Monthly Fournal,

DEVOTED. TO..ORCHIDGLOCY.

Contents.
PAGE PAGE
Botanical Orchids at Kew _.... eS i rae ss ee ee ue ee
r Calendar of Operations for Hoveinber 342 Gdategioncast drape Prince of
i Cattleya albinos ms ne aa Wales (Fig. 16) ne ne ee |
7 Cattleya Dowiana deuihnicons ... 334 | Orchid houses at Kew ie co
‘| Cattleya < Imperator... we ... 328 | Orchid Portraits - re ee
. Correspondence, &c. ... a ... 352 | Orchids at Highbury . ai eer
) Dies Orchidianze ne oh ..- 324 | Orchids at the ‘Sciacca seni
= Hybridist ae . is ie 455 Garden - 340
Cattleya X iaeied oes ... 336, Orchids at the Royal Phicticilbanal
; Paphiopedium X — as 2 eee Society : : a gas
Paphiopedium x }. Coles ... aes SCL Orchids in season ; Cee 328
Paphiopedium X Wiertzianum ..._ 335 Paphiopedium X repule Spice i aa
Manchester and North of ee Paphiopedium x Shipwaye ... ee aa
Orchid Society as . 346 | Stanhopea connata_ ... a 2 ego
Miltonia X Binoti_ ... ae Wie 530

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(Ill nde. with Maps and numerous Engravings.)
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pit ORCHID REVIEW.

VoL. VI.j NOVEMBER, 1808. LNo. 71.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James Street, Westminster, during November, on the 8th and 22nd
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour,
12 o'clock noon.

The November meetings of the Manchester and North of England
Orchid Society are fixed for the roth and 24th. The Committee meets at
noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection from 1 to 4 o’clock p.m.-

A splendid flower of the beautiful Cattleya Warscewiczii is sent from
the collection of W.S. M’Millan, Esq., of Maghull, near Liverpool. It
measures over 84 inches in diameter across the petals, and the lip is well
developed and very richly coloured. The plant bears two trusses of four
flowers each, and Mr. M’Millan thinks that he has never before seen a small
plant make such an imposing display. It is from one of Messrs. Sander’s
importations, and is now flowering for the first time.

Lelia pumila is an extremely useful Orchid at this season, being easily
grown and very floriferous, while some of the forms are of exceptional
merit. A beautiful form, with very richly-coloured sepals and petals, is
sent from the collection of James Davidson, Esq., of Dumfries.

From the collection of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno
(gr. Mr. Axtell), we have received several handsome flowers. Two forms of
Cattleya Dowiana aurea both have the petals beautifully veined with
reddish near the apex, as in the old Costa Rican form. Lelio-cattleya
X Schilleriana has a nearly entire, rich purple lip, with a white throat, and

322 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

a slight tinge of pink in the sepals and petals. The others are Lelia pumila,
a very large and handsome Oncidium Papilio, Dendrobium formosum
giganteum, and the rare and curious Denbrobium Ceelogyne. The plants
from which they were cut are evidently in robust health.

A very remarkable flower of Disa X Veitchii is sent from the collection
of E. F. Clark, Esq., of Teignmouth. It grows among a cluster of leaves
at the base of a shoot, about two inches above the surface of the pot, and
may possibly represent an arrested spike. The sepals are all united into
a single ovate concave limb, and the petals cohere by their inner
margin. The lip is absent, but the column and anther are present, though
somewhat distorted. It is very curious, and remarkably different from the
normal flower.

Mention has been made in these pages on several occasions of ‘Cypri-
pediums with twin-flowered scapes, and the phenomenon is pretty common
among strong, well-cultivated plants. Examples of C. X cenanthum super-
bum and C. xX Ashburtoni# expansum showing this character are sent from
the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool. The former
is particularly fine and richly coloured.

Other flowers included are C. x Barteti, which is a large form of C. X
Ashburtoniz with very dark petals and lip; C. Charlesworthii superbum, a
large and richly coloured form, the veins, especially, being very dark in
colour, C. purpuratum, and C. p. superbum, the latter being a great im-
provement, both the flowers and leaves being much darker than in the type.

A beautiful flower of Cattleya x Johnsoni superba is sent from the
collection of Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen, by Mr. Young.
It is much larger than the original, the petals being three inches long. The

colour is bright rose-pink, with a large light yellow area in front of the lip’s
disc.

A good flower of Cattleya elongata is sent from the collection of H. A.
Smith, Esq., Helmshore, near Manchester, from a plant which has been in
the collection four or five years, but has not flowered before. The plant is
probably weak, having now produced but one flower, on a scape about a foot
long. No one, so far as we have heard, has grown it in anything like its
native vigour, or with the ten-flowered scape seen in the original specimen.

_ The old Cattleya labiata is now flowering very profusely everywhere,
_and shows much variation in colour. A very richly coloured flower is sent

from the collection of R. B. Macbean, ti of Lancaster, which, like many
ae — is ceo vey cance pies ;

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 323

A curious flower of Phragmipedium x Sedeni leucorrhodum is sent from
the collection of W. M. Appleton, Esq., of Weston-super-Mare, in which the
lip is suppressed, but all the other parts normally developed.

The pretty little Sophrolelia x lta is a seedling from Lelia Dayana
crossed with the pollen of Sophronitis grandiflora, and much resembles a
miniature edition of the former with the colour modified. A two-flowered
scape has been sent by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons. The sepals and petals
are of a pleasing shade of purple-rose, and the lip darker, almost maroon-
purple, with a yellow throat, and six dark slightly raised lines along the
disc.

Lelia Dayana delicata is a very pretty light variety, of which a flower has
been sent from the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., of Teignmouth. It
differs from the typical form in having the sepals, petals, and lower part of
the lip pale lilac, and thus is about intermediate between that and the
variety alba.

Two fine forms of Lelia pumila are also enclosed, together with a
flower of the rare Odontoglossum maxillare, and two hybrid Paphiopediums,
_ purchased at Messrs. Protheroe & Morris’ sales without record of parentage.
A comparison of the leaves and flowers shows that one is a form of P. x
Eyermanium (P. barbatum X Spicerianum), and the other of P. x auroreum
(P. Lawrenceanum X venustum.

Cattleya labiata superba is an exceptionally large variety of this fine
old species, but fairly typical in colouring. We have received a flower
from the collection of H. H. Noble, Esq., of Aigburth, Liverpool, whose
petals reach 4; inches in length, all the other parts being equally well
developed. The plant, which came out of Messrs. Cowan & Co.’s im-
portations, carries two spikes, one having four and the other* three
blooms.

A twin-flowered scape of Paphiopedium Charlesworthii has been sent
from the collection of Mrs. Hollond, Wonham, Bampton, Devon, together
with another flower in which the two lateral sepals are free to the base,
and one of them has the outer margin enlarged, and of the same bright
rose colour as the dorsal sepal.

A good flower of Cattleya maxima is sent from the collection of
W. S. M’Millan, Esq., of Maghull, near Liverpool, having pale rosy
lilac sepals and petals, and a nearly white lip regularly veined with
radiating crimson-purple nerves on either side of the yellow disc.

324 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DIES ORCHIDIAN&.

AN interesting paper on ‘‘ Hybrid Orchids,” by Mr. James O’Brien, V.M.H..,
appears in the last number of the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Soctety
(pp. 178-185). It deals with the question largely from a cultural stand-
point, but in the introductory portion contains some interesting remarks on
the general aspect of the question. The author, as Honorary Secretary
of the R.H.S. Orchid Committee for a number of years, has had the oppor-
tunity of seeing the many beautiful hybrids which follow each other in
rapid succession, and has been struck by the pointed examples which they
give, and continually emphasise, of the good to be attained by diligent
work. One of the advantages secured by the hybridist is the production
of a large number of showy plants, giving variety at all seasons, and in
some cases filling in the periods between the flowering seasons of different
species, so as to secure a more continuous supply of flowers. Orchids under
cultivation may often be found flowering out of their proper season, and
the hybridist is thus enabled to effect crosses between species naturally
flowering at different periods, of which it is remarked that the progeny
generally flower midway between the proper time of flowering of the
parents, with a slight inclination mostly towards the season of the seed
parent. An instance, given in illustration of the point, is the series of
hybrids raised by Messrs. James Veitch and Sons from Lelia Perrinii, as
the seed-bearing parent, which has brought so many beautiful new plants
flowering in the dead of winter.

** But good and useful as the work of the Orchid hybridist has been,
generally speaking,” remarks the author, ‘‘it has not supplied to us an
altogether unmixed blessing, for in the great and easily worked genus
Cypripedium a great many varieties have resulted either from unhappy
crossts or from want of care in selecting the best varieties of the species
used, the result being that the progeny are what may be regarded as weeds
of their kind. The worst of it is that their originators do not regard them
as weeds, and out of such failures spring a large proportion of the trouble-
some synonyms which cause so much anxiety to the members of the Orchid
Committee, who get found fault with if they recognise the erroneous names
under which the plants are shown, or call down the vengeance of the
exhibitors if they change them. The trouble coming from this direction
makes one long for the day when raisers of hybrid Orchids will be ready to
admit that such failures are not worthy to be retained, and to destroy them,
after the manner customary among the raisers of other florists’ flowers.”

I am glad to see attention once more called to this aspect of the question,
for no one who knows anything about the matter will deny that the Orchid

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 325

Committee have occasionally some difficult questions to decide. They have,
however, some good working rules, and I hope they will not hesitate to follow
them. It is not altogether a question of ‘‘ weeds,” however. These might
almost be left to look after themselves, if only troublesome synonyms
could be prevented among the showier things. The hybrids between
Cypripedium barbatum and bellatulum are not weeds, but I once held them
up as an awful example of what to avoid in nomenclature. With respect
to the future, it appears to me that difficulties are likely to increase rather
than diminish, for so many people are now engaged in the fascinating work
of hybridising Orchids, and the same cross is often made in different
collections at about the same time. Dendrobium xX Wiganiz supplies an
excellent illustration of this, being raised in the collections of Sir Frederick
Wigan, Sir Trevor Lawrence, and Messrs. Veitch, and flowering in each ot
them in the spring of 1896, though, fortunately, duplication of the name
was avoided. This forms a very pleasing contrast to the one previously
mentioned, and affords an excellent guide for the future.

Let us take a purely suppositious case. Cypripediums, being more easily
raised than most other Orchids, are experimented with in most collections,
and a few years ago a new and striking species was introduced in quantity
in the person of C. Charlesworthii, which flowered for the first time in scores
of collections within a very short period. At the same time a few widely-
grown species and hybrids would be flowering in many of these collections,
affording an opportunity of using the pollen of the new comer, which, I have
reason to believe, was largely taken advantage of. Some of these crosses
were successful, and it may be that plants of some particular combination
are gradually approaching the flowering stage in several different collections.
_ All, however, will be forms of the same hybrid, and must be treated as such.
If a case of this kind should arise, the one who succeeds in flowering the
hybrid first should see that it receives a suitable name, and one in accordance
with the rules adopted by the R. H. S. Nomenclature Committee, and that
name should be loyally adopted by the others.

In order that the confusion which has undoubtedly occurred in the past
may be avoided as far as possible in the future, I would say to raisers of
hybrid Orchids :—Carefully preserve the records of all your crosses—When
a seedling flowers, first ascertain if it has not already been named before
proceeding to christen it-—When satisfied that it is really new, see that the
name given is in accordance with rule.—If a secondary hybrid, keep it
unnamed until satisfied that it is an improvement on existing kinds, or has
some distinctive character to recommend it.—Lastly, a name being given,
have it properly recorded, together with the history of the plant.

ARGUS.

326 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CATTLEYA ALBINOS.
(Continued from page 110).

CaTTLEYA Mosst# WaGENERI.—An albino of Cattleya Mossiz appeared
as early as 1854, before its relation to this species was understood, and
it was described by Reichenbach under the name of C. Wageneri
(Bonplandia, ii, p. 21). It was discovered in May, 1851, by Wagener, at
Caraccas, at 4,000-ft. elevation, and sent to Herr Decker, in whose
collection it first flowered. The flower is white, with some deep yellow
in the throat. Shortly afterwards, a figure ot it appeared (Xen. Orch., i,
p- 28, t. 13). Soon afterwards it appeared with Messrs. James Backhouse
and Sons, of York, and again with Messrs. Jackson, of Kingston, by
whom it was exhibited at the Royal Botanic Society’s Show at Regent’s
Park, in June, 1857. <A good figure appears in the Orchid Album, vii, t.
295. It is now known as C. Mossie Wageneri (O’Brien in Gard. Chron.,
1883, xx, p. 372). C.M. alba is also mentioned on the latter page as a
very rare white variety, without any other particulars.

CATTLEYA PERCIVALIANA ALBA (Will. Orch. Gr. Man., ed. 6, p- 197) is
a beautiful albino which appeared in the collection of R. P. Percival,
Esq., of Southport, and received a First-class Certificate from the Royal
Horticultural Society, in February, 1884. The flowers are pure white,
with an orange stain in the throat.

CATTLEYA LUEDDEMANNIANA ALBA (Orchidophile, 1886, p. 365), appeared
in 1886, in the collection of M. F. Finet, of Argenteuil, France, from an
importation made by M. Godefroy Lebeuf, about three years previous.
It is a most beautiful variety, the flowers being pure white with a little
yellow in the throat. It is figured in Retchenbachia (ser. 2, ii, p. 59, t- 74),
from a plant in the collection of W. R. Lee, Esq., of Audenshaw,
Manchester, which received a First-class Certificate from the Royal
Horticultural Society on September 6th, 1892, under the name of C.
speciosissima Sanderiana (Gard. Chron., 1822, xii, p. 312).

CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZII ROCHELLENSIS (C. labiata Warscewiczii
rochellensis, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1888, iv., p. 533) appeared, in 1888,
in the establishment of Messrs. Siebrecht and Wadley, of New York,
whence it passed into the collection of F. L. Ames, Esq. It is a most
beautiful albino, agreeing with the type in shape, but the colour white, with
some yellow in the throat. It is figured in Reichenbachia, ser. 1., ii., p.
81, t. 85.

CATTLEYA MAXIMA ALBA (J.D. in Gard. Chron., 1881, xvi., p. 846)
appeared in the establishment of Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, of
Chelsea, and has pure white flowers, with the exception of the front of the
lip, on which occur a few rose-purple veins. Thus it is not quite a true albino.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 327

CATTLEYA DowIANna IMScHOOTIANA. This is the nearest approach to
an albino of this superb species yet known, and its history will be found at
p- 334 of the present issue.

(To be continued.)

BOTANICAL ORCHIDS AT KEW.

WirtH the numerous alterations and improvements made in the Orchid
houses at Kew, we have lost the small botanical shelf which always
attracted so much attention, and the numerous botanical species seem to be
scattered through the collection. Let us hope that this is only a temporary
arrangement, for these small botanical species seem more effective when
shown separately. When placed among showy species they seem to be
entirely lost.

Several interesting plants, however, are to be seen, and amongst the
many kinds may be mentioned the peculiar Appendicula callosa, a Malayan
species, also Bulbophyllum Careyanum and B. flavidum, two pretty free-
growing species. The curious Elleanthus capitatus is also showing. It is
a Sobralia-like species, with globose flower heads, and a native of Tropical —
America. Eulophia Elliotii is a pretty Madagascar species with its small
greenish flowers, and Epidendrum equitans is still producing a long
succession of its curious blooms. Neobenthamia gracilis is an interesting
Tropical African Orchid with small heads of white flowers. This plant
very seldom blooms in cultivation. Polystachya imbricata and Buchananii
are two interesting West Tropical African plants now in_ bloom,
Lockhartia elegans is a free-blooming species which frequently bears seed
pods. Another striking plant is Seraphyta multiflora, a native of Mexico
and the West Indies, and closely allied to Epidendrum. Sarcochilus
Calceolus and Thrixpernium leucorachne are also showing their spikes.

In the Intermediate house may be mentioned two interesting terrestrial
plants, Cynorchis Lowii and compacta, natives of Madagascar, which require
a very good rest to be grown successfully. The dwarf-growing Microstylis
commelinefolia is blooming freely, also Octomeria Baueri and O.
crassifolia, two very similar species. Pleurothallis Johannis, rubens,
velatipes and pulchella are covered with flowers, and all seem to be easily
grown. Another pretty little species is Trichipilia hymenantha, a
Columbian plant which is often grown quite cool.

Only a few are in flower in the Cool house, among which are Satyrium
coriifolium, roseum, carneum and odoratum, all belonging to the Cape Flora,
and in conclusion we may mention again the handsome Paphinia rugosa,
which deserves a place in every collection.

: ODoNTo.

328 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CATTLEYA x IMPERATOR.
THE appearance of another example of this beautiful natural hybrid
between Cattleya labiata and C. granulosa is an interesting matter. A
plant in the collection of Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen,
has just flowered, and has the same unmistakable combination of characters
as those of the original plant, whose history has already been given in these
pages (vol. v., p. 365). There are two diphyllons pseudobulbs, approaching
those of C. granulosa, and a single monophyllons one, much like C. labiata,
and the latter has produced a single flower, which is most like C. granulosa
in shape and C. labiata in colour. The flower is larger than C. granulosa,
and more membranaceous, while the side lobes of the lip are cut down more
than half way to the base, and the front lobe has a long, broad unguis,
which is one of the peculiarities of the species just named. The colour is
bright crimson-purple, darker on the front lobe of the lip. The influence of
C. labiata is also seen in the modified shape and size of the sepals and petals,
the latter being barely under 4 inches long and 13 inches broad, and the lip
2% inches long by over 14 inches across the front lobe. The flower is much
larger than in C. X Victoria-Regina, the corresponding natural hybrid
between C. Leopoldi and C. labiata; the side lobes of the lip are also cut
much deeper, and the stalk of the front lobe is much longer, in all of which
the influence of C. granulosa is seen. Its history is not exactly known;
indeed, it was thought to have come home with Lelia tenebrosa, until it
flowered, when the characters above pointed out, and the fact that the
pollinia are those of a true Cattleya, show that this species could not be one
of the parents. It is not quite identical with the original plant, which I
only know from the published figures. Other individuals will probably be
heard of in future.
R. A. R.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

WE have now reached what might be called the winter period of our
favourites, for as soon as the New Year is over a kind of reaction is noticeable
in the vegetation. But if November forms part of the resting period, it
does not apply to blooms, or only partially so, for many of the plants are
now in flower. October brought us the first autumnal stars, and now we
possess a beautiful display of bloom. Orchids in general seem to have been
very forward this year, and this is accounted for by the exceptionally bright
summer with which we have been favoured.

Among Cool house Orchids a few Odontoglossums are still in flower, and
many others are showing, as O. Cervantesii, Rossii, Edwardii, cordatum,
Pescatorei, and several of the crispum group. Cypripedium insigne is now
forming a fine display of flowers and remains in perfection for a considerable

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 329

time, if kept in a dry place. The old, but always pretty Sophronitis
grandiflora is also opening, a few Masdevallias are showing, and the beautiful
M. tovarensis will soon bein bloom. Pleiones are now in season, P. lagenaria,
preecox, and maculata are showing their handsome flowers, Unfortunately,
these plants do not possess any foliage at this time of the year, but, if some
seedling Adiantums were placed among the bulbs, it would certainly
improve the effect. The showy Oncidium macranthum is still pushing its
long spikes, which measure, at least, a couple of yards in length.
Cymbidiums are also beginning to show their spikes, but will not flower
for another two months or so, with the exception of C. or Cyperorchis
Mastersii, which is already blooming.

The Intermediate department is again the most brilliant, and a fine
display is formed by Cattleya labiata, Harrisoniana, Loddigesii, and Lelia
autumnalis, together with Leelio-cattleya x Schilleriana and _ elegans.
There also numerous graceful spikes of Oncidiums incurvum, pulvinatum,
ornithorynchum, dasytyle, excavatum, ‘and Trulla, all covered with a
multitude of flowers; while those of O. varicosum, bracteatum, tigrinum,
unguiculatum, Forbesii, Geertianum, and obryzatum are opening. The
handsome O. sarcodes is beginning to throw up its spikes, and it is evident
that Oncidiums will soon be in their full season, and they are very useful
for cut flowers.

A few Epidendrums are also worth mentioning. The strong-growing
E. evectum, with its richly-coloured flower, is very effective, but requires
space to grow it well. E. purum is another handsome plant which is
very seldom met with in collections. E. inversum also is blooming freely.
Among species showing for flower may be noted, E. ciliare and its variety
latifolium, E. fragrans, the handsome E. Lindleyanum (usually known
as Barkeria), and E. auritum. Maxillaria arachnites, M. variabilis and its
varieties are also showing for flower.

Ceelogyne fimbriata is a very distinct species which keeps in flower
for a considerable time. Zygopetalum intermedium is now very fine, as
also is the beautiful Vanda Kimballiana. Lelia albida and Eyermaniana,
also Lycaste fulvescens and lanipes, are all expected shortly.

The Warm house will improve every day. Dendrobium Phalznopsis
and its variety Statterianum, D. bigibbum, and D. superbiens have already
produced a beautiful display. Amongst species showing for flower may
be mentioned D. aqueum and dicuphum, also the hybrids X Cassiope,
x endocharis, and X euosmum, and some others will soon follow.

Cypripediums are in season, and a long list could be described as in
flower and bud, as C. xX Adonis, X Arthurianum, Argus, X Amesianum,
bellatulum, callosum, concolor, xX Fitchianum, X Pitcherianum,
purpuratum, X Sallieri, Spicerianum, virens, &c.

330 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Phalenopsis Esmeralda, Buyssoniana and Regnieri are now in full
bloom, and it is curious to notice how closely allied are these three species.
Cattleya superba and Dormaniana will soon be over, but have made a
good show.

The flowers of Brassavola cucullata and grandiflora are very distinct,
and the species succeed well grown on blocks. Oncidium Papilio and
Kramerianum are two closely allied species whose flowers are very attractive.
The beautiful Calanthe x Veitchii is now pushing up its spikes, and, when
in flower, it produces a handsome show. Ansellia africana and _nilotica
are both worthy of cultivation, with their yellow flowers handsomely
blotched with brown. Both are natives of Africa—in fact the whole of
the genus. Catasetums are _ still flowering, and the great amount of
variation between the different species is very curious. Lastly we may
again mention Sobralia decora, Lowii and sessilis, which still keep on
flowering, and are very pretty while they last.

We shall have now to keep a*sharp look-out for foggy weather, which,
as we all know, is very detrimental to Orchids in flower. We sincerely
hope that we shall not have another winter like the last, whose effects
were recorded in the January number of the present volume. Unfortun-
ately, remedial measures are of little avail in a long-continued spell
of fog.

ODONTO.
_— HO)

MILTONIA x BINOTI.

REICHENBACH once remarked, in connection with some Orchid that he
was describing, that strange birds did not often alone, and its truth is often
illustrated among natural hybrids. The one now under notice was
described by M. Cogniaux in 1897 (Gard. Chron., 1897, xxii, p. 393); as a
natural hybrid between Miltonia candida and M. Regnellii, and was
afterwards figured (Dict. Icon. Orch., Milt. hyb., t. 4). It was sent by
M. Binot, of Petropolis, Brazil, to M. A. A. Peeters, of St. Gilles, Brussels.
A plant has now appeared in the establishment of M. E. Bert, Bois de
Columbes, Seine, France, which M. Otto Ballif states was purchased as
M. candida, though on flowering it proves quite different. In fact, it
combines the characters of the two species just mentioned, and is certainly
a form of M. x Binoti. In general shape, it approaches M. candida, but
the lip is nearly flat, and suffused almost throughout with light purple,
much like that of M. Regnellii, somewhat modified in shape, and a little
incurved at the sides near the base. The sepals and petals are yellow,
heavily barred with light brown, and are thus most like M. candida. Its
appearance is very interesting.

aS Ric AR,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 331

ORCHIDS AT HIGHBURY.

AUTUMN-FLOWERING Orchids are now making a brilliant show in the
collection of the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., at Highbury, near
Birmingham. An account of the collection generally was given at pages
107-110 of our first volume, and we may now supplement it witha few notes
of those which flower at this season.

Entering one of the Cattleya houses from the long corridor, we were
confronted with some two dozen good plants of Cattleya labiata, forming a
most beautiful group, and showing a considerable amount of variation in the
flowers. Several plants of C. maxima were also flowering nicely. A very
fine form of C. X Hardyana with three-flowered inflorescence was just over.
Lelia Perrinii was nicely in bud, also the beautiful Cattleya x Mantini
and Leelio-cattleya x Sallieri. A fine lot of hybrids were suspended from
the roof, and among them we observed two plants of Cattleya xX Miss
Endicott (maxima X Loddigesii) throwing up, one having quite large buds.
C. xX Brymeriana was just over. The rare C. X guatemalensis bore a
good sheath, but the flowers do not push until the spring. C. X Chamber-
lainiana has three bulbsand a number of healthy roots, but is always a very
slow grower. Lelio-cattleya XX massiliensis, on the other hand, is
remarkably vigorous. A seedling from Cattleya Loddigesii ? and Lelia
pumila ¢ was nicely in flower, and must be considered a variety of L.-c. X
Vedastii, derived from the reverse cross. A very interesting seedling derived
from C. Harrisoniana ? and L. purpurata Russelliana 3 was throwing up
a sheath.

Two other houses, devoted largely to seedlings, contained many very
interesting plants, notably a batch of nice little seedlings from Messrs.
Charlesworth & Co., having Lzlia Digbyana as the pollen parent. All were
derived from different seed-parents, among which we noted Cattleya labiata,
Gaskelliana, Warneri, Mendelii, Mossiz, Warscewiczii, chocoensis,
Eldorado, luteola, Lelia crispa, L. purpurata Russelliana, and others. They
were obtained from Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., of Bradford, and should
contain some striking things when they reach the flowering stage. Some
small seedlings from Cattleya amethystoglossa X Lawrenceana should also
be good. The seedlings of Sobralia macrantha reported as crossed with the
pollen of Cattleya gigas (Orchid Review, I., p. 366) are rapidly approaching
the flowering stage, but we fail to see any trace of the Cattleya parentage in
them. Here we also observed a fine plant of Vanda cerulea throwing up
four strong spikes, and the dwarf Lanium Berkeleyi crowded with flower
spikes. A curious phenomenon, which we do not remember to have noticed
before, was a root of Saccolabium bellinum bifurcated at the apex.

An adjacent house contained a brilliant display of flowers, including

332 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Dendrobium superbiens, some good D. Phalznopsis, D. formosum, some
pans of the brilliant little Pleione lagenaria, several good Odontoglossum
grande, Epidendrum alatum, Oncidium excavatum, obryzatum, and Jones-
ianum, Cattleya labiata amabilis, with white sepals and petals, and a purple
blotch in the centre of the white lip, several good C. Bowringiana, one fine
plant, which had grown through the bottom of the basket, having three fine
racemes, the best with seventeen flowers. We also noted C. B. violacea
and C. B. superba, the latter with unusually large flowers, and of exceptional
richness of colour. Here also were several fine forms of Lzelio-cattleya X
Schilleriana, a very fine L.-c. X Cassiope (pumila x exoniensis) with two
flowers, L.-c. x Cornelia (pumila x labiata) with a very dark lip, some
good Lelia pumila preestans, &c.

In one of the Odontoglossum houses we noted in flower some good O.
Rossii, O. apterum (nebulosum) O. bictoniense, O. Edwardii throwing up
a splendid panicle, a fine O. coronarium on a raft, from which a spike had
just been removed while two others were not yet open, the handsome
Cochlioda vulcanica, Oncidium tigrinum, one of the forms being very fine
and dark, and many Pleione lagenaria throwing up their flowers.

In an adjacent house, a large batch of Lelia anceps and its varieties were
throwing up a forest of spikes, which promise a fine display of flowers. They
are grown without the slightest shading. | Ccelogyne cristata does well in
a shaded part of the same house. Gongora galeata was in bud here.

Passing into another house, we found Miltonia spectabilis in flower,
together with a good plant of Oncidium ornithorhynchum, O. crispum,
O. Geertianum, several QO. varicosum in bud, and Masdevallia xX
Measuresiana with nine scapes. Here we were much interested to see
three good plants of the charming little Sophrocattleya x Chamberlainii,
described at page 270. In an adjacent Odontoglossum house were four
good forms of O. crispum, while many others were showing for flower.

Arriving among the Sobralias, we found the mysterious Sobralia
Cattleya in the rudest health, and, though removed from the corridor,
still shows no sign of flowering. The handsome S. Lindeni, however,
was in bloom, and two large specimens of Cattleya Bowringiana were
producing a succession of spikes. A fine lot of C. Dowiana, suspended
from the roof, were pictures of health, but were mostly just past
flowering.

In the Phalenopsis house we observed the rare P. Lowii in flower,
also two plants of P. Esmeralda, together with Sarcochilus unguiculatus,
whose fragrant flowers only remain open for a few hours. Phalzenopsis
Schilleriana and others were in excellent health. Here were seven plants
of Dendrobium Phalznopsis finely in flower, and many others in bud,
also the beautiful D. Dearei and Catasetum macrocarpum.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 333

Passing along into another Cattleya house, we found plants of C.
Loddigesii in bud, and several C. maxima in flower, C. m. peruviana
being a handsome form, less distinctly veined than the type and with
more colour on either side of the lip’s disc. The species, generally, were
in excellent health, and Mr. Smith informed us that he supplies the
necessary ammonia by damping down with liquid cow manure.

The Calanthes occupied another house, and had made excellent
growth, but are invariably troubled with spot at this season of the year,
though kept rather dry. Some additional pipes have been laid with a
view of checking it. Some Dendrobium Phalenopsis were growing well
here, and a fine specimen of Lelia albida was throwing up a forest of
spikes. L. anceps was also throwing up. Here a plant of Oncidium
Jonesianum was pointed out which has kept in good condition for three
or four years; also some tiny seedings of Cattleya Bowringiana ? X
Sophronitis grandiflora g which we hope to hear of again. A fine pod
of C. citrina crossed with C. Skinneri, it is hoped will prove to contain
some good seed.

In the Masdevallia house, which contains a fine lot of healthy plants,
was a plant of the striking M. Schlimii, having six spikes, and a similar
number had been removed. The rare M. Davisii had four buds not yet
open.

These notes are chiefly devoted to the plants seen in flower at this
season, which were numerous, and included many choice kinds; but the
collection, generally, is in excellent health, and reflects great credit on
Mr. Smith, who has succeeded Mr. Burberry in its charge.

PAPHIOPEDIUM xX REGALE ABNORMAL.

A very remarkable flower of Paphiopedium xX regale has appeared in
the establishment of Messrs. Stanley-Mobbs and Ashton, of Southgate.
The lower sepal is exactly like the dorsal one, in size, shape, and colour,
and one of ‘the two petals is missing, or rather united to the lip, for the
union is apparent enough, though the united organ is like a somewhat
abnormal lip, and is pulled round to the side opposite to the remaining
petal. Perhaps most remarkable of all is the fact that there are two
staminodes and two perfect anthers—though, owing to the displacement
of the parts, it is difficult to say, precisely, which of the six potential
stamens they represent. The two staminodes are opposite to the sepals.
and if the upper one is the usual staminode, the other should represent
the median stamen of the inner whorl (a 3 of the Darwinian notation).
One perfect anther is opposite to the single petal, and the other, though

334 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

exactly opposite, is immediately underneath the stigma, which, like the
lip, is turned round opposite the petal. This, I believe, is the true
explanation of the changes which have taken place, and thus the flower
is remarkable for the presence of a staminode, which is completely
effaced in the normal flower. The only alternative is that the perfect
anther, underneath the stigma, represents this missing stamen; but this,
I think, is not the case, for the style is slightly twisted below the stigma,
and the anther is slightly lateral at its insertion. Besides this, the
relation of the other parts to each other only agree with the former
enplanation. The peculiarity is not likely to be permanent, but is
interesting for the light it throws on the modification which an Orchid
flower has undergone.
Re A. KH

CATTLEYA DOWIANA IMSCHOOTIANA.

A VERY beautiful variety of Cattleya Dowiana has just flowered in the collection
of W. S. M’ Millan, Esq., of Maghull, Liverpool, in which the sepals and petals
are white with a faint tinge of sulphur, forming a very striking contrast with
the typical yellow form, with which it agrees in shape and in the colouring
of the lip. The plant is an imported one now flowering for the first time.
Two or three other forms having this character have previously appeared.
The first which I find a record of was called C. aurea Imschootiana, and
received a First-class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society on
October 14th, 1890, when exhibited by Baron Schréder. It is described as
having pure white sepals and petals (Gard. Chron., 1890, viii, p. 447.)
C. D. Hardy, for which Messrs. F. Sander and Co. received a First-class
Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society on August 27th, 1895, has
sulphur-white sepals and petals (Orch. Rev., iii., Pp. 229, 320). The
following year a similar award was given to C. D. Wheatley’s variety, from
the collection of F. Wheatley, Esq., of Teignmouth. This, too, had the
sepals and petals white with only a very faint trace of yellow (Orch. Rev.,
V., p. 348). pes

Whether any differences exist between these three named forms can only
be ascertained by comparison, but it is clear that all represent what may be
termed the albino form of this beautiful species, and those who are fortunate
enough to possess them should take special care of them.
; K. A. R.

Sella ita DIBA Ne nits piscnio

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 335

THE HYBRIDIST.
PAPHIOPEDIUM X WIERTZIANUM.

Tus isa large and striking hybrid, of which we have received a flower
from Messrs. Linden, L’Horticulture Internationale, Brussels, with the
record that it was raised from P. Rothschildianum X Lawrenceanum. In
its large and broad dorsal sepal it most resembles the latter, but the petals
are much more attenuated, and 3} inches long. The lip, also, has more of
the character of P. Rothschildianum, while the staminode is obovate,
convex and hairy, especially so near the base. The ground colour is
yellowish-green, with about twenty-one dark purple-brown stripes on the
dorsal sepal, and numerous similar spots on the petals almost to the apex.
The lip is dark purple-brown. It appears to have a very robust habit, like
both its parents, and will doubtless develop into a very fine thing. M.
L. Linden, in his letter, remarks, ‘‘I have dedicated it to the memory of
our celebrated painter, Wiertz.”

PAPHIOPEDIUM X J. COLES.

This a very handsome hybrid raised in the collection of R. H.
Measures, Esq., the Woodlands, Streatham, according to the record, from a
fine P. X Godefroyz lencochilum crossed with the pollen of P. Dayanum
superbum. In shape it most resembles the latter, but the petals are
densely covered all over with small purple dots, and the numerous lines of
the dorsal sepal are made up of innumerable minute dots, with a few
scattered ones between the veins. The lip is also most like the latter
species, and the staminode is transversely elliptical-oblong, and convex,
with a triangular acute apex, and many minute purple dots on a lighter
ground. There is very little resemblance to the first-named parent, at all
events in the shape of the flower, and one would rather have thought of
P. superbiens as one of the parents. The cili# of the petals are also
shorter than in the case of most hybrids derived from P. Dayanum. Mr.
Coles, however, remarks that there is not the slightest doubt about the
record, and this point may be left until other seedlings flower.

PAPHIOPEDIUM X_ ERos.

This fine hybrid was raised in the collection of A. W. Wills, Esq.,
Wylde Green, Birmingham, from Paphiopedium barbatum Warneri crossed
with P. x Charles Canham (villosum xX superbiens), and, as might be
expected, bears a certain resemblance to P. x Harrisianum, though the
petals and lip are more distinctly light purple in shade. The dorsal sepal and
lip are each 2$ inches long, and the petals measure 3 inches long, and thus it
will appear that the flower is above the average size. We have received from
Mr. Wills a photograph showing the entire plant—which is of vigorous

336 THE ORCHID REVIEW. —

‘habit, and is grown in a 3-inch pot—together with the flower, which, as Mr.
Wills remarks, is very large and bold for so small a plant, and of more than
ordinary beauty. The dorsal sepal is ovate, deep ruddy brown below
passing into light green above with darker veins; the petals of a warm
pink-purple, with darker veins, and lighter on the lower side; and the lip
madder brown in front and pale green behind. These modified characters
are evidently due to the influence of P. superbiens.

CATTLEYA X MARONI.

THis is a most beautiful hybrid, raised by M. Ch. Maron, of Brunoy,
Seine et Oise, France, between Cattleya velutina @ and C. Dowiana
aurea 3, which was exhibited at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural
Society, on October 25th last, when the Orchid Committee showed their
appreciation of it by the award of a First-class Certificate. It combines
the characters of the two parents in a very pleasing manner, the sepals
and petals being about intermediate in size and shape, and of a peculiar
bronzy yellow tint, and the lip three-lobed, yellow at the base, veined
and tinged with purple-crimson, with the principal veins rather prominent.
The infloresence bore seven flowers, and the plant appears to have a very
good constitution. Although greatly modified in size, shape, and colour,
the influence of the seed parent is very apparent, particularly in the shape
of the lip, the influence of the seed parent being seen in the enlarged
sepals and petals, the loss of the spots, and the enlarged side lobes and
rich colour of the lip.

STANHOPEA CONNATA.

Tuis very distinct. Stanhopea, which is so rarely met with in gardens, has
re-appeared at Glasnevin, a plant which was purchased by Mr. Moore as
S. Calceolus having just flowered there. The species was originally
discovered by Warscewicz in Northern Peru, and flowered in the collection
of Herr Mathieu, at Berlin, in 1854, being described by Klotzsch (Allg.
Gartenz, 1854, p. 226). It is nearly allied to S. devoniensis, Lindl., but has
much smaller flowers, and was separated from the species of that group by
Reichenbach, on account of the lip having only a single articulation between
the globose hypochil and the mesochil. The flowers have a powerful
fragrance, like many others of the genus, and the colour is deep buff yellow,
with some small purple spots on the sepals, some larger darker ones on the
lower part of the petals, and the sides of the hypochil of the lip thickly
marbled and spotted with the same colour. Several of these small-flowered
Stanhopeas are still very imperfectly known.

pe cet KR. As’.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 33

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM PRINCE OF WALES

THE history of this beautiful variety was given at page 220 of the present

jenn

volume, and the discussion which it gave rise to at pages 227, 244 and 283

will be fresh in the minds of our readers. Concerning the disputed point as
to the exact size of the flowers, we have now some further evidence, in the
shape of a photograph taken by Mr. I’Anson, and kindly forwarded

Messrs. Low. This was carefully taken of the exact size of the flower, and

er

V

the same care has been taken with our reproduction of it, sothat the present

Fic. 16. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM PRINCE OF WALES.

figure may be taken as a standard for the comparison of other large flowers
which may appear in future. The missing tips of three of the segments
were wanting also in the photograph. It is generally admitted that this is
the largest form of this beautiful species which has yet appeared. It is

certainly a noble flower in every respect, and the few spots, being absolutely

338 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

confined to the lip, seem to enhance its beauty. Other particulars have
been so recently given that it seems unnecessary to repeat them. It is now
in the famous collection of Baron Sir H. Schréder, at The Dell, Egham,
and we shall hope to hear of its behaviour another season, for there is
something quite exceptional about it. Messrs. Hugh Low and Co. must be
congratulated on having introduced so striking a plant.

PAPHIOPEDIUM x SHIPWAYZ.

A MOST interesting novelty has just appeared in the collection of Colonel
Shipway, Grove Park, Chiswick. Mr. Walters, Colonel Shipway’s
gardener, states that it was purchased from Messrs. Linden, of Brussels, as
Cypripedium—or Paphiopedium—Dayanum, but, on flowering, it has proved
to be very different ; in fact, much more like P. Hooker, another Bornean
species, and a careful comparison of all the characters forces me to the
conclusion that it is a natural hybrid between them. The leaves are more
strongly marked than is usual with P. Dayanum, in which respect it
approaches P. Hookere. It has also an elongated scape, as in the latter,
and the size, shape, and colour, are much more like those of this species,
from which, however, it is still very distinct, and the modifying influence, I
think, must be traced to P. Dayanum. The dorsal sepal is distinctly lined
with green at the base, and becomes whitish, slightly tinged with purple,
round the upper margin, the apex also being slightly elongated and folded.
The petals, though much like P. Hookere in colour, are not obovately
widened at the apex, and the ciliz are also much longer. The basal part is
green, and a few small spots occur below the middle. _ The lip is most like
P. Hookere, and the staminode is orbicular in outline, but, instead of being
obcordately bilobed, has a pair of falcate teeth at the apex, with a much
shorter blunt tooth between. No other Bornean species, so far as I can see,
would account for the characters above pointed out, and it now remains for
some of our hybridists to prove or disprove the suggested parentage by
crossing the two species together. It is remarkable that this makes the
fourth Bornean Paphiopedium believed to be of natural hybrid origin, and
in each case P. Dayanum is believed to have been one of the parents (see
Orchid Review, iv., p. 366). Its appearance is very interesting, and the
gradually accumulating evidence of the way the Bornean species grow
together suggests that we have not yet exhausted the list, and, as other
combinations are possible, a sharp look-out should be kept for such plants
among Bornean importations.

: R. A. R.

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 339

THE NEW ORCHID HOUSES AT KEw.

A NOTE relating to the re-construction of the Orchid houses at Kew
appeared on page 193, and as the work is now completed, and the plants
installed in their quarters, a few additional particulars will be interesting.

It will be remembered that the old houses formed the east wing of the
T-range, being entered by a small lobby devoted to insectivorous plants.
This wing was divided in the middle by a glass partition intoa Warmand a
Cool house, each having a large stage in the centre, two narrow stages next
the glass, and a walk between on either side. Many of the plants in the
centre being too far away from the glass, it was decided to replace the two
large houses by four smaller ones, and, as these were to occupy the same
site, the plants were temporarily placed in two houses in the north wing of
the same range. The space occupied by the lobby at the end of the old
houses was also taken in, so that the new ones are several feet longer than
those which they replace.

The new houses are each about 40 feet long and 12 feet wide, arranged
in two pairs, side by side, with a walk running along the centre. The
adjacent houses ventilate into each other by means of a space between the
party wall and the glass division. This runs throughout the entire length
of the houses, and ensures a constant circulation of air between them.
Bottom ventilation on the outside is provided by shutters in the outer walls,
hinged along the south side and sliding on the north. The top ventilators
are hinged, and open upwards by hand, each separately. They are all
placed along the adjacent sides of the roofs, an arrangement which will be
readily understood in connection with the method of shading employed.
The tiffany blinds are carried on three long rollers, one on each of the two
outer roofs, which run on the rafters direct, and the other runs on a number
of horizontal iron bars which are carried from one apex to the other. By
this arrangement it is obvious that not only can the ventilators be opened
beneath the shading, but also one blind suffices instead of two. The
glazing is Rendle’s system, and the rain water from the roof is collected
into tanks within the houses.

The respective houses are arranged as follows:—Entering from the
Victoria house on the south side, the visitor finds himself in the Warm or
East Indian house, and then passes on into the Cattleya or Intermediate
house. Behind this is the Cool house, while the remaining one on the
north side is largely devoted to plants of the Vanda and Cypripedium
groups. The lattice-work stages running round what may be termed the
outer sides of the block are in four tiers, with a solid stage holding
moisture-retaining materials underneath. On the inner side of the two
north houses extends a water-tank, from one end to the other, and above

340 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

this is a horizontal lattice-work stage. The inner sides of the two remain-
ing houses are devoted to tall plants, most of which stand on the ground
level on a bed of small clinkers, but here a number of brackets are attached
to the partition for some of the smaller plants to stand on. The tanks
only extend into one of these two houses in the corner, for convenience of
dipping the water out, but the opening along the middle, aided by the cooler
temperature of the houses on the north side, will enable the inmates to
enjoy a share of the moisture-laden air from the tanks. Very few plants
are suspended from the roof at present.

Some alterations have also been effected in the private houses behind.
The potting shed has been thrown into the adjoining pit, and is now used
as the Warm pit, while the two on the east side are united into one long
Intermediate pit, with the Cool pit on the north. A new glass-roofed potting
shed has been erected on the east of the Intermediate pit, and the passage
connecting this with the pits and the Orchid houses has been entirely
covered with glass. The latter will be a great boon in rough and cold
weather, but it seems to emphasize the unfortunate loss of the lobby at the
east end of the block, for visitors now have to step into the open air in
passing from the Intermediate to the Cool house, an arrangement not likely
to benefit the plants when the cold east winds come.

The additional space provided has, we believe, allowed nearly all the
Orchids, with the exception of a few special things, to be brought together,
and the Dendrobium pit alone is now unconnected with the other houses.

It is believed that these arrangements will prove of great benefit to the
‘collection. It is generally admitted that Orchids, with few exceptions,
succeed best in houses of moderate size, and the command of four different
‘climates ” instead of two, should give increased facilities to the cultivator.
These points, however, must be left for the future to decide. All one can
see at present is that the collection looks well in its new quarters, and that
there is a very good display of autumn-flowering species.

ORCHIDS AT THE BIRMINGHAM BOTANIC GARDEN.

AmonG the numerous interesting plants which the veteran Curator of the
Birmingham Botanical Gardens, Mr. W. B. Latham, has under his charge
is a good representative collection of Orchids, which we have recently had
the pleasure of inspecting. They are grown in several houses, some of
them partly devoted to other plants, a method which we have frequently
seen carried out with great success.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 341

A number of interesting things were blooming, among the first being
several plants of the fine old Cattleya labiata in flower and bud, together
with that other useful autumn-flowering species, C. Bowringiana. Some
plants of the former, obtained about two years ago, proved to be affected
with the Cattleya fly, and a batch of C. Mossiz was also badly affected,
and gave considerable trouble before it was finally stamped out.
Dendrobium Phalenopsis was flowering nicely, and D. formosum was not
yet over for the season. The former may be mentioned as affording another
instance of the necessity of watching imported plants, for some of the old
pseudobulbs were found to be riddled by beetles, though with a little
attention they were soon stamped out.

The charming little Pleione pracox was nicely in flower, also the
handsome Vanda Kimballiana, while Lelia autumnalis was throwing up
several strong spikes. L. anceps was not coming up so well, which is
attributed to the house being in a somewhat shaded position. This species
seems to like all the sun and light possible.

A good plant of the fine old Stauropsis lissochiloides was observed, from
which the spike had recently been cut, and it is said that it flowers every
year. Among Cool Orchids very little was in flower, though we observed
Masdevallia Chimera, Scaphosepalum ochthodes, and a plant or two of
Odontoglossum crispum.

The tribe Cypripediez was well represented, one of the most interesting
being the new Paphiopedium xX Deedmanianum, which was figured at page
49 of the present volume. It is evidently a free grower, and two good
plants were throwing up their scapes. P. X Lathamianum was throwing
up strongly, and it is interesting to note that this fine hybrid has been
raised in the collection also from the reversed cross. Several plants of
P. Spicerianum were in flower, some of them being seedlings. Mr. Latham
informed us that, when he obtained his two original imported plants, some
clay was found clinging to the roots, and on this clay a number of seedlings
appeared, which were taken care of, and on reaching the flowering stage
proved to be self-sown seedlings. These differed somewhat between
themselves, one having a longer scape than the others, though somewhat
inferior in the flower. This, now bearing five flowers, and other seedlings,
we saw in bloom.

A home-raised batch of P. x Allanianum (Spicerianum X Curtisii) has
reached the flowering stage, one plant bearing a very fine flower, and
another, a two-flowered scape. A nice batch of seedlings from P. callosum
Xx Spicerianum showed a strong habit and handsome foliage, and some
plants of P. x nitens X Charlesworthii, about three years old, represent a
very interesting cross. P. X Lathamianum X Chamberlainianum was
represented by some small seedlings. A good plant from Major Mason,

342 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

derived from a cross between P. Rothschildianum and P. Stonei, represents
a most interesting cross, whose flowering is awaited with interest.

Other plants in flower were P. X Harrisianum superbum, a fine home-
raised P. x Ashburtone, and two good plants of P. Chamberlainianum
which are almost always in flower. P. insigne was throwing up plenty of
scapes. Lastly may be mentioned a good plant of Phragmipedium
x Sedeni nicely in flower.

Two very interesting seedlings which we must not omit to mention are
Calogyne speciosa X C. cristata, and one recorded as Epidendrum
vitellinum xX Thunia Marshalliana, though, from the appearance of the
two bulbs, it is feared that the latter is a stray seedling from some other
cross, a point, however, which cannot be decided at present.

It will be seen that some very interesting experiments in hybridisation
are being carried on in the collection, which will probably be heard of again
when they flower. Both Mr. Latham and his able foreman, Mr. Deedman,
are much interested in the work, and the batch of unflowered seedlings may
be expected to yield other meritorious garden plants besides those to which
their names are respectively attached.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR NOVEMBER.
By H. A. BuRBERRY, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

THE temperatures in all departments may now fall about five degrees from
those mentioned for last month. My remarks on watering, damping down,
&c., will also apply with equal, or greater, effect for this month. Little
indeed will be required to keep the atmosphere in a well-balanced and
healthy condition.

We are now entering on a period when the stoking of the fires is a most
important factor in the cultivation of Orchids. The more skilfully and
scientifically this work is performed, the better for the welfare of the plants.
To have a sufficiency of heat icone and no more, should be the sole aim
of the operator.

The traditional heavy and dull November day has the effect of driving
the lover of beautiful flowers to the glass houses for the greater part of his
leisure hours; for there his autumn and winter-blooming Orchids have
then an alluring and special charm, their lovely colours seeming doubly
brilliant, standing out as they do in strong contrast to the chilly and dreary
conditions outside. With delight his Orchid houses are entered, the
admiration of each individual pet becoming —— and shaete ci! on each
occasion. ae

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 343

In fairly representative collections, there should be no lack of bloom this
month. There will still be a good many of those species yet to flower
which were mentioned for last month, while many additional kinds will be
coming forward. Such, for instance, as the autumn and winter-blooming
Cypripediums, like C. Charlesworthii, introduced by Messrs. Charlesworth
& Co., of Bradford, some few years since. It is a lovely species, though
somewhat variable, some varieties having enormous dorsal sepals entirely
suffused with a lovely soft purple, whilst others are smaller, and the upper
half of the dorsal sepal graduating into a whitish hue. It is of easy growth,
and does well in either the Cool or Intermediate house.

Then we' have that well-known and_ beautiful species, Cypripedium
Spicerianum, now rapidly coming along. This species has been known to
cultivators for about twenty years, being then extremely rare and costly,
the well-known firm of Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea, having
the sole stock, its native habitat being then unknown even to them. Shortly
after this, its habitat was discovered, and it was then imported in such large
quantities that plants could be purchased for a few shillings a-piece. This
species is also variable, chiefly in the dorsal sepal, the greatest half of which
is clear white. Some are larger and more handsome than others, whilst
some have a wider and more distinctive band of bright purple running up
the centre. Many of these finer varieties have, from time to time, and
rightly or wrongly, received descriptive names, as, for instance, C. 5S.
magnificum, C. S. grandiflorum, &c., names which, I regret to say, cannot
always be fully relied upon. It is of easy culture, and should be treated
like the first-named species.

Then again, we have that very old favourite, Cypripedium insigne, which
is grown_in such enormous quantities for the markets. Here again, great
variation takes place, chiefly in the dorsal sepal. Several varieties are now
well known under ,their distinctive names. This species was first introduced
into gardens as far back as 1819, and so hardy is it, and so easily grown,
that it now abounds in almost every home where there is a greenhouse.

Another good old Cypripedium for November blooming is C. venustum ;
likewise a very old friend, having been first imported about the same period
as the last named. It is also an easy species to cultivate, the Cool or
Intermediate house suiting it admirably. Nor must we forget here to
mention that highly! polished species, Cypripedium villosum, its shining
flowers always being welcome during the winter months. It also prefers
the Cool house in which to grow, and, when properly cared for, develops
~ quickly into specimen plants, bearing a large number of flowers.

Perhaps the hybrid Cypripediums in flower this month will even out-
number the species in quantity, and will also vie with them closely as to
beauty. There is now a large army of hybrids, many of which have

344 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

descended from the above-named species, and consequently are at once
beautiful and useful as decorative flowers, and of extremely simple and easy
culture. I allude to such lovely hybrids as C. x Arthurianum (C. insigne
x Fairrieanum), C. xX Crossianum (C. insigne xX venustum), C. xX
Lathamianum (C. Spicerianum x villosum), C. x Leeanum (C. insigne X
Spicerianum), C. X cenanthum (C. xX Harrisianum xX insigne Maulei), C.
X Sallieri (C. villosum xX insigne), C. x vexillarium (C. barbatum x
Fairrieanum), which are only a few among many too numerous to mention.

Pleione birmanica, P. lagenaria, P. maculata, and P. praecox
(Wallichiana) having now finished blooming, will start to grow again
straight away. The keeping of these plants dry at the roots during winter,
with an idea of resting them, is harmful. They should at once receive
what attention is deemed necessary regarding re- potting or basketing, and
then be placed in the Cool house well up to the light, the compost being
kept just moist only. The roots are then enabled to make headway slowly
but surely, without again having to be disturbed. I believe Pleiones are
really best if given new material—which need only be sphagnum moss and
peat—annually ; they may, however, be left in the old compost for a season
without anything in the least serious happening. When they are done up,
one has to set the little crocus-like pseudobulbs half buried in the compost ;
otherwise the new roots are incapable of at once taking a firm grip, which
is very essential to their future welfare.

Oncidium Jonesianum generally blooms at this season, and is a very
desirable species when well grown and bloomed. Block culture seems to
suit it best, and a Warm house provides the most suitable position. The
greatest error in growing this beautiful species occurs in the watering. It
is very much like Cattleya citrina in this respect, a little water about its
roots being sufficient to meet its natural requirements, and by this treatment
both are kept free from spot and other fatal diseases which too much water
promotes.

Among other Oncidiums in bloom this month is often seen the pretty

little bee-like species, O. dasytyle. It isa winter-blooming species, growing
best in small pans or baskets and suspended from the roof of the Cool
house. It requirements as regards rest are quite similar to other Oncidiums
of this class, as, for instance, O. crispum, Forbesii, tigrinum, varicosum,
and some others, which, after flowering, are inactive for the remaining part
of the winter, and should receive but little water. Then there are the
lovely little species, O. curtum, O. Gardneri, and O. pretextum, which are
unfortunately not so common in cultivation. These do not generally
bloom until the spring months, and therefore are more’ or less growing
throughout the winter, and should on that account be ee intermediate
. pa ates and a little more water at the root.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 345

The genus Oncidium is a very large one, and it would be extremely
interesting to see a complete collection of them under cultivation. Perhaps
there are some few among them only worth growing from the standpoint of
the botanist, but, if so, I have not yet seen them, though many cannot be
classed among showy Orchids. At the same time they are of such a
graceful and attractive character, when closely viewed, that the more one is
acquainted with them the more enamoured one becomes. Since the advent
of the varions crazes, commencing with hybrid Cypripediums and closely
followed by those of Dendrobium, then Lelias and Cattleyas, not to speak
of the special craze for ‘“‘ albinos” and densely “ spotted” forms, I fear
the cultivation of these pretty old Oncidiums has fallen somewhat in the
background. O. Harrisonianum, divaricatum, sphegiferum, and pulvinatum
are pretty, old-fashioned species, which used to be grown into large
specimens, in baskets containing mostly peat pressed in firmly, and
suspended in intermediate temperature.

Cattleya Bowringiana is most useful for this month, and deserves to
be grown in quantity. When vigorous, it produces immense trusses of
flowers, having from ten to twenty blooms on each spike, and when so
grown is a wonderfully telling species. It has now been known for about
fourteen years, 1884 seeing the first importation. It has proved to be
most amenable to culture, small plants at that date having now developed
into very large specimens. It is best re-potted when growth takes place
in early spring, and, if pots are used, should always be elevated high above
the rim, the new growth always having a tendency to grow lower each
year, and if one is not watchful, the new growth may go down among
the crocks. I really should advise basket cultivation, using but few, if
_any, crocks, the growths then, if they do go downwards, again make their
appearance through the sides or the bottom. Plants so allowed to ramble
look rustic and interesting enough, but when it is deemed necessary to re-
basket them, they are awkward customers to again make shapeable. They
will last a long while, however. without being disturbed. Any plants of
Cattleya Lawrenceana not having yet completed their new pseudobulbs,
should be encouraged to do so quickly, by giving them the warmth of the
East Indian department.

Plants of Odontoglossum citrosmum have mostly, by this time, com-
pleted their new pseudobulbs, and when so, should receive a good rest
throughout the winter, in order to make them bloom the better. Any
other intermediate growing Odontoglot, as for instance, O. grande—now
nearly over for the season,—O. Reichenheimii, O. Insleayi, O. hastilabium,
and O. Londesboroughianum, should likewise be rested, receiving just
sufficient water to maintain plumpness.

Miltonia vexillaria is a species continually engaged in active growth.

346 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

No sooner has it finished flowering, about midsummer, than the new
growths again start away from the base, and continue to grow through-
out the winter. They should, therefore, if possible, have the warmth of
the Cattleya house during winter, but be watered sparingly, for if over-
done with water—which is very easy—the foliage becomes more or less
spotted, and the leaves commence to decay at the apex, which portion
should be trimmed away with a sharp knife. The whole genus prefers
the Cattleya house, excepting M. Roezlii, which does best in the East
Indian house.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND
ORCHID SOCIETY.

A MEETING of this society was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester,
on Friday, October 14th, 1898, when there was a good display of Orchids,
and the following members of the Committee were present :—Messrs. W.
Thompson, in the chair, G. W. Law-Schofield, A. Warburton, J. Leemann,
J. Cypher, W. Holmes, R. Johnson, W. Stevens, and T. Mills (hon. sec.).

W. Thompson, Esq., Stone, Staffs (gr. Mr. Stevens), was awarded a
Silver Medal for a fine miscellaneous group, in which autumn-blooming
things were well represented.

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), showed a beautiful
form of Lelia przstans, with white petals and sepals and lip slightly
coloured with purplish red (Award of Merit); and Cypripedium x Nandii,
a very beautiful cross between C. callosum and C. x Tautzianum (First-
class Certificate).

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed Vanda
Sanderiana (Award of Merit); Cypripedium x Juno; C. xX Moensii; and
C. X orphanum (Award of Merit).

Thos. Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed a fine form of
Cattleya Dowiana called C. aurea magnifica (Award of Merit); C. xX
Ashtoniana (Award of Merit); C. Warscewiczii; and Cypripedium xX
Alfred.

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), showed Cypripedium
x Lilian Greenwood (Award of Merit) ; C. Charlesworthii rubescens (Award
of Merit): and C. X McNabianum.

Dr. Horton Smith, Northwich (gr. Mr. Holmes), showed Leelio-cattleya
x elegans Turneri (Award of Merit).

E. S. Clark, Esq., Wrexham (gr. Mr. Edwards), showed Laelia praestans

and Cypripedium X Alton.
QO. QO. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed Cypripedium x
Pollettianum, €. x Pageanum, C. Charlesworthii and C. purpuratum. _

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 347

Richard Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), showed Cattleya
x Mantinii (Award of Merit), and Miltonia vexillaria Leopoldi (First-class
Certificate).

John Richardson, Esq., Hale (gr. Mr. Jenkins), showed a very fine
Vanda ceerulea, which received both an Award of Merit and a Cultural
Certificate.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, showed Cattleya x Hermione (Award of
Merit) and Cypripedium x Arthurianum pulchellum.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, showed Dendrobium x Leeanum
enfieldense and Cymbidium Traceyanum, the latter a very fine form, which
received a First-class Certificate.

{r. John Robson, Altrincham, showed Sophronitis grandiflora and
Cypripedium X Leeanum.

At the meeting, held on October 27th, many beautiful Orchids were
staged, three of which secured First-class Certificates, and eight Awards
of Merit.

Present :—Messrs. G. Shorland Ball, in the chair, G. W. Law-Schotield,
A. Warburton, J. Leemann, H. Greenwood, J. Backhouse, W. Bolton,
J. Cypher, R. Johnson, W. Stevens, and T. Mills (hon. sec.).

John Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Cattleya
labiata (Award of Merit), C. 1. Peetersiana (First-class Certificate), C. 1.
Leemanni (First-class Certificate), C. xX Mantinii inversa, Lelio-cattleya
x Henry Greenwood (Award of Merit), L.-c. X Ophelia (Award of Merit),
also L.-c. X Sallieri magnifica, Cypripedium x Arthurianum, C. X Eucharis
and C. X orphanum. He also exhibited a very fine group, for which he
received the Society’s Silver-gilt Medal.

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), showed a
labiata, R. I. Measures’ variety (First-class Certificate), and
Hardyana Massaiana.

W. Thompson, Esq., Stone, Staffordshire (gr. Mr. Stevens), exhibited
Lelia Perrinii alba, for which he received a Vote of Thanks.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed Cattleya
labiata Statteriana (Award of Merit), Dendrobium Phalznopsis albens,
Lzlio-cattleya x Minerva; also a fine group, for which he was awarded
the Society’s Silver Medal.

H. Shaw, Esq., Birch Vale (gr. Mr. Cliffe), showed Cattleya x
Mantinii (Award of Merit), Catasetum Bungerothii, a good Lelia Dayana,
and Cypripedium insigne.

W. Duckworth, Esq., Flixton (gr. Mr. Tindale), showed Cattleya X
Mantinii nobilior, which received an Award of Merit.

The Ven. Archdeacon Rawstone, Blackburn (gr. Mr. Hewitt), showed
Paphiopedium X Deedmanianum inversum.

348 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, showed Cattleya labiata superba (Award
of Merit), also a good group, for which he was accorded a Vote of
Thanks.

Mr. J. Robson, Altrincham, showed Cypripedium insigne Robsonz
and C. insigne pallidum, also a good group of Cypripediums for which
he received a Vote of Thanks.

Messrs. J. Backhouse and Son, York, showed a splendid plant of
Oncidium tigrinum, to which both an Award of Merit and a Cultural
Certificate were given.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THE display of Orchids at the Royal Horticultural Society’s meeting, at
the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on October 11th, was very good,
and some particularly interesting things were included among the exhibits.
The members of the Committee present were as follows:—H. J. Veitch,
Esq., in the Chair, and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), H. Ballantine, T.
W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, S. Courtauld, De B. Crawshay, J.
G. Fowler, J. T. Gabriel, T. B. Haywood, E. Hill, H. Little, H. M.
Pollett, F. J. Thorne, W. H. White, and W. H. Young.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White),
staged a very choice group, including the beautiful albino, Dendrobium
Phalenopsis hololeucum, a nearly white form of Lelia pumila, and a
richly-coloured form called L. praestans purpurea, which has been in the
collection since 1882, the handsome Miltonia Lamarcheana, a well-bloogmed
Cypripedium X regale, C. x Lawrebel bearing two handsome flowers, a
fine pan-full of the brilliant Habenaria militaris, two fine cut racemes of
Lelio-cattleya Xx exoniensis, from one of the original plants, which has
been in the collection ever since it was originally sent out by Messrs.
Veitch about thirty years ago, Cattleya xX St. Benoit (Schroedere xX
Aclandiz), a beautiful hybrid with light rose-purple sepals and petals, and a
magenta-purple lip, and the rare Epidendrum porphyreum, bearing panicles
of orange-coloured flowers with a white lip, which changes to yellow. A
Botanical Certificate was awarded to the latter.

Messrs. de Rothschild, Gunnersbury House, Acton (gr. Mr. Hudson),
staged a splendid group, consisting of thirty-four fine specimens of Dendro-
bium formosum giganteum, bearing an aggregate of nearly seven-hundred
flowers, and some good examples of Vanda Kimballiana and Odontoglossum
grande. A Silver-gilt Flora Medal was awarded in recognition of the
excellent culture and floral beauty of the group.

B. B. Baker, Esq., Palace Road, Roupell Park, Streatham, sent a fine

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 349

specimen of Odontoglossum grande bearing twenty-five flowers, to which a
Cultural Commendation was given.

W. A. Bilney, Esq., Fir Grange, Weybridge (gr. Mr. Whitlock), showed
two finely flowered plants of Lelia pumila, which also received a Cultural
Commendation.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), sent a
hybrid Cypripedium with dark flowers, approaching those of C. xX
Harrisianum superbum, and a noble specimen of Vanda Sanderiana bear-
ing five spikes and an aggregate of fifty-one flowers and buds. A Cultural
Commendation was awarded to the latter.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, sent the rare
Zygopetalum Gibeziz and Maxillaria longissima, a Botanical Certificate
being awarded to the latter.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nurseries, Chelsea, staged
a very choice group, including the handsome Dendrobium xX rhodostoma,
which received an Award of Merit, good examples of Lzlio-cattleya X Nysa
and L.-c. X callistoglossa ignescens, also L.-c. X Dominiana langleyensis
(Lzlia purpuruta 2 X Cattleya Dowiana 3), a superb hybrid to which a.
First-class Certificate was given. This is a reproduction of one of Messrs.
Veitch’s earliest and best hybrids, and attracted much attention. The sepals
and petals are pale pink, the latter being delicately veined with purple, and
the lip rich claret-purple, margined with lavender and veined with yellow
at the base.

Messrs. G. Paul & Son, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, exhibited a fine
group of Masdevallia tovarensis thickly covered with its charming, pure
white flowers, and some good Cypripedium Spicerianum. The former had
been grown in a cold frame all the summer, shaded with wood lath blinds.
The pots are enclosed within an outer pot, the latter standing in water, and
the treatment is very successful. A Silver Banksian Medal was awarded to
the group.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, were awarded a
Bronze Banksian Medal for a very pretty group, containing the fine
Cymbidium Traceyanum, Dendrobium xX Leeanum, D. Lowii, Vanda
ceerulea. Lzlio-cattleya x Schilleriana, Cycnoches chlorochilon, Odonto-
glossum grande, O. cariniferum, Cattleya superba splendens, C. Bowringiana,
Oncidium ornithorhynchum album, Cypripidium X Sallieri Hyeanum, &c.

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Heaton, Bradford, sent a three-flowered
inflorescence of Sophrocattleya xX Cleopatra (S. grandiflora ¢ x C. Leopoldi
3), a very pretty hybrid, to which an Award of Merit was given. The
flowers are fairly intermediate in character, the sepals and petals being
reddish, and the lip three-lobed, yellow at the base, with the front lobe and
tips of the side lobes bright cherry-red.

350 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. B. S. Williams and Son, Upper Holloway, showed Cypripedium
Charlesworthii magnificum, Vanda concolor, and the handsome Lelio-
cattleya X Henry Greenwood (Lzlio-cattleya X Schilleriana x Cattleya
x Hardyana), an Award of Merit being given to the latter. This is said
to have been from the same batch as the one exhibited at Ghent, and has
the sepals cream coloured and tinged with pink, the petals veined with rose-
purple, and the lip velvety purple in front, chrome yellow on the disc, and
veined with purple on a light ground at the base.

Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, staged a choice group, including
the handsome Miltonia vexillaria Leopoldi, Habenaria carnea, the new
Dendrobium puniceum (Rolfe) with pretty heads of orange-red flowers,
Maxillaria striata, a fine pan of Stenaglottis longifolia, Lelia pumila, Cattleya
x Mantinii inversa, Saccolabium curvifolium, &c. A fine plant of Angrcecum
ichneumoneum received both a Botanical Certificate and a Cultural
Commendation.

At the meeting held on October 25th there was again a good display of
Orchids, and one sterling novelty gained the award of a_ First-class
Certificate. The following members of the Committee were present :—
H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.),
T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, S. Courtauld, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas,
J. T..Gabriel; T. B. Haywood, E. Hill, H. M.. Pollett, F. Sander,
W. Thompson, H. Williams, C. Winn, and W. H. Young.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
staged a very pretty group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was awarded.
It contained a fine plant of Cyperorchis elegans with eight racemes, the
pretty Spathoglottis Vieillardii, Cymbidium x Winnianum, a fine Cattleya
labiata alba with a three-flowered raceme, a good form of C. Eldorado,
Cypripedium xX Arthurianum, C. X Maynardii superbum, C. X Godefroye
leucochilum, Lzlio-cattleya x Hon. Mrs. Astor, some good forms of Leelia
pumila, and L. Perrinii leucophea, the latter a charming white form
tinged with lavender, and a slaty blue lip, to which an Award of Merit was
given.

J. Coleman, Esq., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. King), received an
Award of Merit for Lzlia pumila Colemanii, a fine form with blush white
sepals and petals, and the front of the lip marked with purple and rose.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanie Gardens, Glasnevin, sent Satyrium
longicauda, an interesting Cape species, and the rare Angrecum Germiny-
anum, the latter receiving a Botanical Certificate.

_ Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), sent a
. yellow form of Cypripedium insigne, called C. i. Cobbianum. It had traces
So ee

THE ORCHID REVIEW. . 351

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S$. Woodford (gr. Mr. Davis), sent
a yellow form of Cypripedium insigne similar to the preceding, called
C. i. Glebelands variety.

W. A. Gillett, Esq., Fairoak Lodge, Bishopstoke (gr. Mr. Carr), sent
cut examples of fine varieties of Cattleya labiata, C. Warscewiczii, and
Dendrobium Phalznopsis.

H. Greenwood, Esq., Highfield, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Gill), showed the
beautiful Lzelio-cattleya x Henry Greenwood (C. X Hardyana X L.-c. X
Schilleriana), bearing a three-flowered inflorescence, the sepals and petals
being delicately tinted with light rose, and the lip rich maroon-purple in
front.

Mrs. Clarinda Roberts, Rose Hill House, Ipswich, showed a good
Cattleya labiata and C. elongata, grown on Clozone Orchid-baskets.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, staged
a splendid group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained some
good forms of Cattleya labiata and C. Dowiana, the handsome C. X
Wendlandiana (Bowringiana X Warscewiczii) C. X epicasta (Bowringiana
x Dowiana), and other Cattleyas, the brilliant Lelio-cattleya xX callisto-
glossa ignescens, Odontoglossum Pescatorei with a very large branched
panicle, the graceful Ccelogyne Veitchiana, a good pan of Stenoglottis
longifolia, Brassia Lawrenceana longissima, a good example of Miltonia
vexillaria Leopoldi, Gomeza recurva, Catasetum fimbriatum, the handsome
Oncidium Forbesii, Masdevallia X Asmodia (Reichenbachiana X Chelsoni),
M. x Imogen (Schlimii x Veitchiana), good pans of Cypripedium Charles-
worthii, C. purpuratum, C. insigne Sandere, C. X Arthurianum pulchellum,
C. X Milo, C. X cenanthum superbum, C. X Harrisianum superbum, and
others.

Messrs. Stanley-Mobbs and Ashton, Southgate, received a Silver
Banksian Medal for a fine group, including Lelia autumnalis, some fine
L. pumila, Cattleya Loddigesii, C. Warscewiczii, some good C. labiata, of
which a white form with purplish blotch on the lip, called C. 1. Lewisii, was
very effective, Oncidium trulliferum, O. cornigerum, the handsome O.
tigrinum, &c.

M. Ch. Maron, Brunoy, Seine et Marne, France, showed Cattleya X
Maroni (velutina ¢ X Dowiana aurea 3), a very handsome hybrid, to
which a First-class Certificate was given. It bore an inflorescence of seven
flowers, the sepals and petals being of a peculiar browny yellow, and the
lip, which most resembles that of the seed parent, having the front lobe
veined and .inged with bright rosy crimson.

Mr. James Douglas, Edenside, Great Bookham, showed Cypripedium
> macropterum, and the handsome Lelia X Briseis (harpophylla x purpu-
rata), having a tall spike of cream yellow flowers tinged with rose on the lip.

352 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, exhibited a good plant of Cym-
bidium Traceyanum, bearing two spikes, good pans of Habenaria carnea and
militaris, the rare Masdevallia melanoxantha, some good Cattleya labiata and
Loddigesii, Phalaenopsis Esmeralda, Lelio-cattleya X elegans, Cypripedium
x John Carder, &c. The group was prettily arranged with plants of the
Acalyptha hispida.

Mr. Walter Goodliffe, Cambridge Nurseries, Worthing, showed plants
of Cypripedium x Io grande x Boxalii.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X DOMINIANA LANGLEYENSIS.-——Journ. of Hort., Oct.
47, De. 317, he. 46.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X HENRY GREENWOOD.—Gard. Mag., Oct. 22,
pp. 686, 687, with fig.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Miss ANNA GUDERS.—Gard. Mag., Sept.
17, p. 605, with fig.
_ PAPHIOPEDIUM ROTHSCHILDIANUM, PFiITz.—Rev. Hort. Belge, Oct.,
p- 221, with plate.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their

quertes on other pages. and in
some cases, for various reasons, they have to stand ob

er for a future issue.)

a macrantha Kienastiana.
some of the more distinct varieties have
ations, in the depth of tint of the purple segments, or the
so slight, and pass into each other by such insensible
gradations, that it is almost impossible to separate them in any useful way. We should
only name those which are specially distinct or particularly meritorious.
E. O. O.—The letter “‘f” after “Rchb.” is an abreviation of “filius” (the son) and is
added to distinguish the younger Reichenbach from his father, the author of F/ora Germanica
It is used in a few other necessar y sin the same sense. The signs ¢ (male), 9 (female),

been named, but many of the vari

are often omitted, in which case the seed parent should always i
Bowringiana x C. Dowiana, indicates C. Bowringiana crossed
It is sometimes used indiscriminately, necessary
details are not known.

We have received the priced descriptive

raising.
Also the general catalogue of M. Auguste Chantin, of Paris,

containing a number of the
detter known Orchids.

a i a ae

i
s

ee ne

- Orchids! Orchids!

909900900 950496000060046000060656604)

JOHN COWAN & CO.

HAVE AN IMMENSE

mr OCK ofr ORCHIDS

CONSISTING OF
Tens of Thousands of HEALTHY, VIGOROUS, WELL-GROWN PLANTS,

in great Variety ; and additions are constantly being made by the Purchasing of Private
Collections and otherwise. They earnestly invite the inspection of intending purchasers.

The Company are constantly receiving Importations of Orchids from various parts
of the world, all of vies = they Offer for Sale by Private Treaty as they come to hand,
at very reasonable Pric

Descriptive and Priced.Cataiogues of their Stock of Established Orchids, as well as of
cach importation as it comes to hand. will be sent Post Free on application to the Company.

THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES,
GARSTON, NEAR LIVERPOOL.

MANCHESTER & NORTH OF THE AMATEUR ORCHID CULTIVATOR’S
ENGLAND

Orchid Society. — GUIDE BOOK,

H. A. BURBERRY, F.R.H.S.
HEADQUARTERS: THE COAL ane MARKET

PLACE, MANCHESTE An excellent practical treatise on eps Culture
wit ~ oloured plates, conta‘ning 40 species,
MEETINGS of the COMMITTEE, for the purpose nd numerous photo- Hhustentions.

of pig ie caper, has the Orchids submitted, will
on THURSDAY, y

take place November 10 and 24 th, .
1898, at 12 elon prompt. Open to members from | S¢cond Edition. In cloth, price 5/6, post free
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sucumeunh VALE, LONDON, w.
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MURRAY’S PATENT
ORCHID STAND.

Effectually prevents

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destructive
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Facilitates the easy distribution of water
and air around the plants.

Isolates each plant and renders it less
liable to be attacked by insect pests.

Is the first clean, effectual, and practically
indestructible article ever offered for the
purpose of the necessary raising of the plants
above the staging to ensure a free circulation
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Invented and patented by William Murray,
Gardener to Norman C. Cookson, Esq.,
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Price List containing full information
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for Br
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One gentleman says: “I consider
your visit has been worth £100 to me.’
All desirous of et ing the benefit

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affecting the aie BE thels Orchids,
should communicate with him, and
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THE ORCHID HYBRIDS.

INCLUDING Gaees Gocuee. 334
YAL OCTAV

ADDRESS:

Forwarded by oad ane? upon receipt of 12s.
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the phere erik in your co mpila tion.
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monu ps al work.
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Address—GEO, HANSEN, Berkeley, California.

STANLEY-MOBBS & ASHTON,

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And at nio de Janeiro, Caixa, 906.

Come and see our famous type of LASLIA PUMILA (the finest-known) now

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e are always pleased to mere ane at Palmer’s Green (G.N.R.) Station with a

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Plants and prices

wf aaa S

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INSPECTION

ORCHIDS.

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CHOICE DENDROBES A SPECIALITY.
Please wrvite fot Lich
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EXOTIC NURSERIES, —
CHELIENHAM.

INVITED.

NEW AND RARE ORCHIDS.
J. W. MOORE,
ORCHID IMPORTER & GROWER,

Cragg Royd, Appley Bridge,

Near BRADFORD.

™~,
- Original Importer of Cyp. Charlesworthii, Cyp. Fred.

Hardy Cyp. bellatalum album, &c., &c

NOTICE OF ™
we REMOVAL.

In consequence of the Expiration of the Lease
of the CLAPTON NURSERIES being not far
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Beg to notify that their entire stock of

ORCHIDS,

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Has now been ernie ee their Newer
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Where the favour of an Inspection by all
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tions for 1898 have expired.

DECEMBER, 1808.

THE

Hin 3llustrated Monthly Journal,

DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY.

Contents,

PAGE
of Operations for December Manchester and North of England
icone os ove fee ji Orchid Society ,
~ Cattleya Eldorado icikd. ‘ Notes. ... ae
Cattleya quadricolor alba ... Orchid Portraits .
_ Cattleya Warneri alba Orchids at Parkfield “Hallow, Wo

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fee

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

VoL. VIL] DECEMBER, 1808. [No. 72.

NOTES.

THE last meeting of the year of the Royal Horticultural Society will be
held at the Drill Hall, James’ Street, Westminster, on December 13th,
when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock, noon.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will also hold
one meeting, at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on December 1 5th. The
Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection
from 1 until 4 o’clock.

A splendid inflorescence of Odontoglossum luteopurpureum hystrix is
sent from the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, ‘Dorking,
by Mr. White. The main stem bears seventeen flowers, and there are six
others on a side branch, making twenty-three in all, and those near the
base are very large. It is an excellent example of good culture, for only a
strong plant could produce such an inflorescence. It is pointed out that
the flowers smell strongly of Vanilla, but there seems to be also a dash of
heliotrope in the perfume.

A light form of Odontoglossum xX Coradinei, with primrose yellow
ground and very few brown markings, is also sent. Light-coloured forms
of this hybrid seem to be rare, but one with white ground is reported to
have appeared with Mr. Bull, in 1883, namely, the variety hemileucum
(Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1883, xix., p- 683).

A flower of the beautiful Cattleya Bowringiana Lady Wigan, which
received an Award of Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society the other

354 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

day, is sent from the collection of Sir Frederick Wigan by Mr. Young.
The flowers are large, with petals over 1} inches broad, and the colour
lilac, with a zone of dark purple round the throat of the lip.

Two beautiful light forms of Dendrobium Phalznopsis with very large
flowers are sent from the collection of General Gillespie, Brynderwen, Usk,
by Mr. Jennings. One may be described as lilac-rose, and the other as
light rose purple. In each case the lip is slightly darker. It is remarkable
how wide a range of colour variation is seen in this species. A good flower
of Cattleya Dowiana aurea from a plant imported last spring is also sent.

The difficulty of raising hybrids between Paphiopedium niveum and P.
barbatum has more than once been alluded to in these pages, but we learn
that a seedling is now in bud in the collection of F. M. Burton, Esq.,
Highfield, Gainsborough. Whether it shows the true hybrid character
or not we cannot say, but, if so, it will be a form of P. X Tautzianum.

A very pretty form of Odontoglossum x Andersonianum has appeared
in the collection of H. H. Noble, Esq., of Liverpool, among some imported
O. crispum from Messrs. Cowan. The flowers are clear sulphur-white with
a few deep red-brown spots, chiefly on the sepals.

Another seedling from Cattleya Loddigesii (violacea) crossed with Lelia
purpurata has flowered in the collection of T. W. Thornton, Esq., Brock-
hall, Weedon, of which we have received a two-flowered inflorescence. It
jsa form of Lzlio-cattleya x Sallieri, of which L.-c. x weedoniensis, inad-
vertently described at page 5, is also a variety. It is from the same cross
as the one just mentioned, but has lilac-coloured sepals and petals, and the
front lobe of the lip veined with purple.

A fine bloom of Paphiopedium x Niobe is sent from the collection of
Reginald Young, Esq., of Sefton Park, Liverpool, the dorsal sepal being
nearly 23 inches broad. The combination of P. Spicerianum with P.
Fairrieanum produces a very charming effect, and Mr. Young remarks that
it is one of his favourites.

A flower of the very richly-coloured Paphiopedium x Clotho (P. x
politum @ xX P. Boxallii atratum g)isalsosent. It most resembles the
pollen parent in shape and the very dark colour of the dorsal sepal, but the
combined influence of P. barbatum and P. venustum in the seed parent has
imparted to the petals and lip a rich, bronzy purple colour which renders it

one of the most brilliantly-coloured hybrids of this affinity. It first flowered
in 1895. ,

Respecting the figure of Odontoglossum crispum Prince of Wales

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 355

(page 337), Mr. Young writes :—‘‘I greatly appreciate your illustration, and
think it one of the best, if not the very best, reproduction of a photograph
you have yet given us, while being of the exact size greatly enhances its
utility. Personally, I- prefer these pictures of single flowers to those of
whole plants, although the latter also deserve a place.”

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

WE have now reached the month of the shortest, dullest days, when our
favourites are mostly resting previous to another season of activity. Many
interesting winter-flowering species, however, are to be seen in bloom, and
they seem all the brighter at such a season.

Among Cool house species, several are making a good display,
particularly Cypripedium insigne and its numerous varieties, which are
particularly useful, as the flowers always remain fresh for a considerable
length of time. Many Masdevallias will shortly throw up their flowers.
Odontoglossums are gradually coming in season again; O. bictoniense, X
Andersonianum, Cervantesii, constrictum, crispum, Edwardii, Hallii,
pulchellum, Rossii, and triumphans are all pushing their spikes, and will
flower in succession until the end of the spring. The pretty Sophronitis
cernua, grandiflora, and violacea are always welcome, as they flower
throughout the winter months.

In the Intermediate house, numerous plants are promising; the handsome
Cattleya labiata is about over, but the curious little C. luteola, which often
flowers in the winter, is in bloom. C. Percivaliana, Schréderz,and Trianz
are the next varieties to bloom. Very attractive is Cymbidium giganteum
with its rich-coloured flowers. Epidendrum Lindleyanum and elegans,
formerly referred to Barkeria, are also out. Among Lezlias now in season
are those of the anceps section, which will soon form a most charming
sight. They are extremely sensitive to fog, and if they are kept in
a drier atmosphere the flowers will last much longer. L. Eyermaniana,
peduncularis, and crispilabia are also in bloom. Lycaste Skinneri and
lanipes are also blooming, and must be kept rather dry. A few Maxillarias
are pushing, viz., M. crocea, arachnites, and venusta. Oncidiums are
always attractive, O. bracteatum, longipes, sarcodes, and varicosum being
now covered with flowers. O. macrathum is also pushing up its enormous
spikes. Two little gems are Platyclinis cucumerina and uncata, and, before
leaving, we must not forget to mention Zygopetalum Gautieri and
Mackayi.

The Warm department is now gaily decorated, Angrecum eburneum
and the remarkable A. sesquipedale, with their white, star-like blossoms,

356 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

being very effective. The deciduous Calanthes are also very brilliant.
Celogyne Rhodeana is a curious little winter-bloomer. Many
Cypripediums are now in bloom; among them C. xX _ Harrisianum,
Haynaldianum, x Leeanum and varieties, X Pitcherianum, Victoria-Mariz,
x Fitchianum, xX Leeanum, and other Spicerianum hybrids.

Dendrobiums are again coming in season, D. aqueum, X Cassiope, X
euosmum and cymbidioides, being already in bloom. Several others are
showing, as D. dicuphum, Findlayanum, nobile and its varieties, x
splendissimum, and Wardianum. A few Epidendrums are opening,
amongst which E. ciliare and its varieties should be mentioned.
Eulophia virens is now opening its curious flowers. Miltonia Roezilii,
with its scented blossoms, is always beautiful. Phaius mishmiensis has
pretty, rose-pink flowers.

Phalenopsis are beginning again to show their flower spikes, as P.
amabilis, denticulata and Schilleriana. Several Selenipedes are also to be
seen, as X calurum, X cardinale, longifolia, Roezlii and x Sedeni; and,
before finishing, let us mention the handsome Saccolabium giganteum
as showing its spikes.

We have thus seen, month after month, the floral evolution of our
favourites, and our monthly look round has helped us to anticipate, to
some extent, the floral succession of the year.

A. GRIESSEN.

THE STANLEY IVORINE LABELS.

A coop durable label, which is at the same time cheap and unbreakable,
and preserves the legibility of the writing, is a desideratum to growers of
Orchids and other plants, and these properties are combined in the
Stanley Ivorine Labels, of which we have received specimens from Messrs.
John Wilday and Sons, of Birmingham. The material of which they are
made is admirably suited to the purpose, being light and strong and
practically indestructible, yet at the same time as white and smooth as
paper, so that they can be written upon with the greatest facility, both
with ink and pencil, as we have proved on trial. A special waterproof ink
is also made which, it is claimed, will stand exposure to all weathers,
having stood the severest tests. But with an ordinary lead pencil they are
a vast improvement on wooden labels. They are made in various shapes,
suitable for wiring to the baskets or sticking in the compost, as may be
seen on reference to the figures in a notice in our advertisement columns.

TO

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 357

EULOPHIELLA PEETERSIANA.
(See FRONTISPIECE.)

Tus beautiful plant is unquestionably the Orchid of the year, and we have
great pleasure in giving its portrait as a frontispiece to the present volume.
The photograph, for which we are indebted to the kindness of Sir Trevor
Lawrence, is by the London Stereoscopic Company, and was taken from a
fine painting of the plant by the well-known botanical artist, Mr. iL.
Macfarlane. In this we have made a departure from our usual practice,
but the almost microscopic accuracy of Mr. Macfarlane’s work is a sufficient
guarantee of the correctness of the details. The photograph is about one-
fifth natural size, the flowers being over three inches broad, and, considering
the large amount of reduction necessary, the result is remarkably good.
The history of the species has been given at pages 67 and ror of our last
volume and p. 105 of the present one, and need not be repeated, though we
may add that it was awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horti-
cultural Society on April rath last, and that figures have now appeared in
the Botanical Magazine (tt. 7612, 7613). It is a very handsome Orchid, the
sepals and petals being brilliant purple in colour, with a darker blotch at
the apex, and the lip white with a broad purple border, and some orange
streaks in the throat. It adds one more to the list of achievements
obtained at Burford, and both Sir Trevor Lawrence and his able grower,
Mr. White, must be congratulated on their success in first flowering it.

CATTLEYA ALBINOS.
(Continued from page 327.)

CATTLEYA ELDORADO VIRGINALIS (Will. Orch. Gr. Man., ed. 7, p. 162)
is a beautiful albino, which appeared with M. J. Linden, in 1876, and was
originally described as a distinct species (C. virginalis, Linden and André.
Ill. Hort., xxiii., p. 161, t. 257). It is said to have first flowered in 1869.
Afterwards another white Cattleya, which had been sent home by Wallis,
was described under the name of C. Wallisii (Linden ex Rchb. f. in Gard.
Chron., 1882, xvii., p. 557), but has proved identical with the preceding.

' CATTLEYA QUADRICOLOR ALBA.—A very fine albino of C. quadricolor
(syn. chocoensis) flowered in the collection of A. Warburton, Esq., Vine
House, Haslingden, in January, 1897. A painting in the collection of Mr.
J. L. Macfarlane, shows it to be a very fine form with particularly broad
petals, and the colour snow white with a little yellow in the throat. Under
the name of C. chocoensis alba it is also mentioned as being in the
collection of C. G. Roebling, Esq., Trenton, New Jersey, U.S.A. (Gard.
Chron., 1898, xxiv., p. 330). Other specimens may be in existence,

358 THE ORCHID REVIEW

CATTLEYA WARNERI ALBA.—This we have not seen, but it is mentioned
in a note on white Cattleyas in the collection of C. G. Roebling, Esq.,
Trenton, New Jersey, U.S.A. (Gard. Chron., 1898, xxiv., p. 330), as being
represented in that collection.

(To be continued.)

ORCHIDS AT PARKFIELD HALLOW, WORCESTER.

A visit to this fine and well-known collection of Orchids is always
interesting. The plants are well grown and, in addition to good culture,
some rare and beautiful species or hybrid is always to be seen in bloom.
On the occasion of my recent visit, a most lovely specimen of Leelio-
cattleya X exoniensis met my view. One spike bearing five large and
handsome flowers was still left on it, but it had had six spikes, carrying,
between them, twenty-five such blooms. Such large, healthy specimen
plants of this beautiful hybrid are rarely to be seen. I noted, also, grand
plants, in robust health, of L.-c. x Pallas, L.-c. X Nysa superba, L.-c.
X Statteriana, L.-c. x Canhamiana, L.-c. x Hippolyta, Cattleya x
Hardyana and C. x H. Massaiana, Lelia X Latona, L. x flammea, and a
many others. Among the species there are likewise many grand specimen
plants in the pink of condition. Imagine a Cattleya Skinneri large enough
to carry 145 flowers; a C. Bowringiana lilacina, with 21 spikes of bloom;
a Maxillaria grandiflora, with 70 or 80 flowers, and it will give some
idea of their enormous size. Miltonia vexillaria and M. Roezlii are also
grown to a large size, whilst, a little further on, fine specimens of
Cymbidium Lowianum are to be seen, also one magnificent plant of C.
Traceyanum having five strong leads.

This collection is also very rich in Lelia anceps varieties, enormous
specimens of L. a. Schroederiana, L. a. Sanderiana, and L. a. Percivaliana,
were noted producing many flower spikes. Also a most lovely variety,
resembling very closely, if not completely, the rare L. a. Schroederz, was in
bloom. Then come the Vanda teres and V. Hookeriana, and of these a
special word must be said, though no words of mine can convey a true
impression of what these plants are really like. They occupy the entire end
ofa large, high, span-roofed house, and present a truly forest-like appearance.
They are grown in pots, perhaps about fifty plants in a 12-inch pot,
supported by teak-wood rafts fixed in the centre. From the stage on which
they stand they grow simply like weeds, towering upwards 10 or 12 feet
high, until the roof glass is reached, when of course it is necessary to lower
them by cutting them down and re-planting. Even the tallest of these
plants are still furnished with green, healthy foliage right down to the
bottom of their stems. It is a grand sight, especially when they are in

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 359

bloom, and flowers in larger or smaller quantity are nearly always to be seen
on them. One variety is almost white. V. Hookeriana grows equally as
vigorous as V. teres, indeed, one has to examine them closely to distinguish
one from the other. I may say that the position occupied is one getting
the full rays of the sun, and that copious syringing is indulged in.

The collection is indeed a great credit to Mr. Earlston, the head
gardener, who is equally successful in other departments of this fine garden,
which is fortunately maintained at exactly the same high standard of
excellence as during the lifetime of the deeply-lamented late owner, C. W.
Seely Lea, Esq.

HA B.

THE HYBRIDIST.
CATTLEYA X THORNTONI.

Tuis is a very handsome hybrid, raised in the collection of T. W. Thornton,
Esq., Brockhall, Weedon, from Cattleya Lueddemanniana (or speciosissima
as it is often called), crossed with the pollen of C. amethystoglossa, which
are among the handsomest of their respective sections. The cross was
made in February, 1887, and the seed was sown exactly a year later, so
that the plant is now ten years old. It bears a considerable general
resemblance to C. X Miranda (derived from C. Triane 2? X amethystoglossa
3 by Messrs. Veitch, and from the reverse cross by Mr. Thornton), but has
rather broader petals than one of that previously sent by Mr. Thornton,
dnd will probably develop into a larger flower. The sepals and petals are
of a beautiful shade of rose-pink, and the front lobe of the lip and tips of
the side lobes brilliant purple-crimson. The side lobes of the lip are light
blush, and the front lobe beautifully undulate and distinctly veined in
front on account of the nerves being darker than the ground colour. Both
shape and colour are excellent, and one can readily imagine what it will
develop into when it becomes stronger.
PAPHIOPEDIUM X CHARLESIANUM.

This hybrid was raised from P. X Sallieri aureum X P. X Leeanum
superbum, and was exhibited at a meeting of the Orchidéenne in March,
1894. We have now received a flower and leaf of the reverse cross,
raised in the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., of Sefton Park, Liverpool,
by Mr. Poyntz. The exact parentage is P. X Leeanum burfordiense ¢ X
P. x Sallieri Hyeanum ¢, the cross being made in March, 1892. Two
small seedlings were found in December, 1893, one of which has now
flowered. How far it differs from the original we cannot say, but at all
events it will be a variety of the same. An analysis of the parentage
shows that three species are represented, as follows, insigne $, villosum
1, and Spiceriam }, and the flower agrees fairly well with this, the

360 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

influence of P. insigne being the most marked, but that of P. Spicerianum
is chiefly seen in the details of the dorsal sepal. This organ is green in
the lower half, and white above and along the margin, with several rows
of small spots, which are purple where they extend into the white area.
The rest of the flower is most like P. insigne. It is curious to note that
if a cross were made between P. insigne and P. X Lathamianum the same
three species would be represented in exactly the same proportions.
PAPHIOPEDIUM X D#DALUS.

This pretty and very interesting hybrid has been sent from the collection
of Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool. Its history is thus given
by Mr. Young :—‘‘ A bloom of P. insigne punctato-violaceum was crossed
in December, 1890, by my gardener (Mr. Thomas J. Poyntz), with the
pollen of P. x vexillarium superbum. The seed was sown in October,
1891, and in the following October two seedlings appeared. For two years
these seedlings made little or no progress, remaining apparently dormant,
then they seemed to make a satisfactory start, and are now (October, 1898),
sturdy plants, one flowering for the first time.” The flower sent bears some
resemblance to P. X cenanthum, but it is rather smaller and the petals less
uniformly coloured. The influence of P. barbatum is not as marked as
in the forms of P. X Ashburtone, which might be expected, but curiously
enough, that of P. Fairrieanum seems to have been almost or quite
eliminated. The second plant may differ in this respect, but is not
flowering this year, so that further remarks may be deferred.

One of the curiosities of hybridising is that practically the same result
may be obtained by different ways (see O. R. iv., p. 361), and Mr. Young
again calls attention to this in a later note. He writes :—‘‘As an experi-
ment I have now crossed P. x Ashburtone Barteti with the pollen of
P. X Arthurianum pulchellum, and vice versa, as the result (shown below)
should be somewhat similar to P. X Dedalus, containing the same propor-
tions of the same species in each case :—

insigne punctato-

is. violaceum_ - ‘ ‘ . aoe |
Dedalus. x vexillarium barbatum - - 4
superbum Fairrieanum - }

x Ashburtonze barbatum_ - aoe
Barteti speed ghana
New cross. _Chantini = 4
x Arthurianum f igre yee
| pulchellum j Chantini -—- H
ra)

ted

\Fairrieanum — -
We hope these crosses will succeed, for it will be interesting t compare
the results, It rather opens a new problem in nomenclature.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 361

PHRAGMIPEDIUM x SCHRCG@DERZ

Our present illustration represents the beautiful Phragmipedium xX
Schroeder, which was raised by Mr. Seden in the establishment of Messrs.
James Veitch and Sons, from P. caudatum crossed with the pollen of P. x
Sedeni, and flowered for the first time in 1883, when it was dedicated to
Baroness Schroder, under the name of Cypripedium X Schroedere. The
plant is very robust and floriferous, and the flowers, whose general shape is
well shown in our figure, are large and very highly coloured; being of a
rich rose-purple, with the side lobes of the lip very prettily spotted on a

Fig. 17. PHRAGMIPEDIUM X SCHREDER#

lighter ground. The flowers are generally produced during the winter,
which greatly enhances their value. It is probably the finest hybrid in the
genus, and received a First-class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural
Society in December, 1883, when exhibited by Baron Schroder. The
flowers of this genus have a curious habit of falling off while still fresh, but
careful selection may eliminate this objectionable character to some extent
in future. Hybrids in this genus seem to have fallen off rather of late, but
we believe there is room for further experiments, and, as they are so easily
raised, they would probably repay a little more attention,

362 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM AS A PARENT.

At the present time the hybrids in which Cypripedium niveum forms a
part, are fairly numerous. Unfortunately there is considerable doubt, in
several instances, as to the identity of the other parent, but taking them as
recorded, and alphabetically, as far as possible, as to the name of the joint-
parent, we come first to the hybrids in which C. Argus and niveum are
combined.

These consist of C. X Gravesiz and var. superbum (0. R., ii., pp. 81,
164), C. xX Ruth Ayling (O. R., iii., p. 127) and C. xX Mdlle. Nancy
Descombes, of Continental origin (Hansen’s Orch. Hyb., p. 149). The
first of these is figured in the Orchid Review (ii., p. 81), and shows the
influence of C. niveum plainly enough, even if the other parent is not so
easily traced.

The combination of C. barbatum and niveum is to me. particularly
interesting, as I have been trying for some years to raise and flower
seedlings of this cross with the influence of C. niveum fully indicated in
the bloom. It may be well to state here that C. niveum first flowered in
this country in the spring of 1869 (Veitch Man. Orch., iv., p. 40), in which
year the first hybrid Cypripedium, C. xX Harrisianum (villosum ? X
barbatum ¢) appeared (see O. R.,i., p. 6). The first hybrid Cypripedium
with C. niveum as one of the parents, was C. xX microchilum, which
flowered in 1882 (O. R. i., pp. 99, 100). C. X Tautzianum (niveum
barbatum 3) flowered in 1886. Putting these facts together, it may, I
think, be safely inferred that hybridisers have been attempting to raise
plants of C. x Tautzianum for many years past, both in trade establish-
ments and amateur collections. Have they been successful ? or is there
some want of potentiality in the pollen of C. niveum, or in the constitu-
tion of the plant? I wonder how many people have raised and flowered
C. X Tautzianum true. There are the recorded instances of this cross
being raised by Messrs. Veitch (Veitch Man. Orch., iv., p. 98), of C. X
Madame Van Houtte, probably the same cross, of which only one plant was
raised (Veitch, 1l.c., p. go), and of C. X Tautzianum lepidum (niveum ?
barbatum Warneri ¢) (Will. Orch. Gr. Man., ed. 7, p. 306). It seems
somewhat curious that with C. niveum as the seed parent, the lip or pouch
of C. x Tautzianum should be dark purple, but, after all, it is only a case
of a child taking after its father.

Referring to my own hybridising records. I find that during the years
18q1 to 1896, inclusive, I crossed C. barbatum with the pollen of C. niveum
on twelve occasions, eight of these proving failures, inasmuch as no seed-
lings were produced: . The first:seedlings from the above cross appeared in
May, 1892, already alluded to in these pages (O. R., iii., p. 201; iv., p. 3093

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 363

v., p. 364). I would only now add that I am still convinced that one of
these seedlings will prove true, if it will only flower, the style of growth and
the substance of the foliage showing the influence of C. niveum in a marked
degree. It seems, however, a miffy grower. It may also be worthy of
notice that the young growth on one of the plants that has flowered as
barbatum has now come with a white margin to the leaves. One seedling
of C. barbatum grandiflorum ? X niveum giganteum ¢ appeared on the 8th
November, 1896, but it has since died. On the 7th October, 1896, a nice
little batch of C. X Tautzianum was discovered from seed sown in Decem-
ber, 1895, and these seedlings had the peculiar characteristic of white
markings in the early stage. Later still, namely, on the 1st November,
1897, some 5 or 6 seedlings made their appearance from a similar cross ;
seed sown 3rd December, 1896. In these two last. instances, both pollen
masses of C. niveum were used. Of the reverse cross, I find that I only
experimented twice during the same period, and in both cases I was
unsuccessful.

Continuing in the order I have adopted, I come next to those niveum
hybrids of which C. bellatulum is reputedly the other parent, and as they
are all scarcely, if at all, distinguishable from C. X Godefroye, I content
myself with merely giving their names. They are C. x Psyche (O. R., i,
p- 262), C. xX Mrs. Herbert Druce (G. C., 1897) XX1., p--411), and C. x
Godefroy (Gard. Mag., 1898, i., p. 145). The parentage of this last-men-
tioned hybrid is also given as bellatulum 2 X- concolor ¢ (O. R., v.,
P- 75)- :

C. X calloso-niveum (O. R., iii., p. 359) is said to be a very pretty
hybrid resembling C. X Tautzianum and C. X Aphrodite.

The combination of C. ciliolare and C. niveum has produced some
lovely hybrids which have received recognition ‘at the hands of the R. H.S.
Orchid Committee. C. Aylingii (O. R.i., p. 294) received a First Class
Certificate in 1890, and C. X Muriel Hollington, of this parentage (O. R.,
v., p. 37), received an Award of Merit in the same year. C. X Winifred
Hollington, from the reverse cross, obtained a First Class Certificate in
1894 (O. R., ii., pp- 153, 157). I effected this cross on the 7th May, 1894,
and as one seedling only was the result I hope to see it flower true in the
course of time. It was discovered on the 31st July, 1896, some 18 months
after the seed was sown. C. X niveo-ciliolare (Garden, June 9, 1894; G.C.,
February 16, 1895) is synonymous with C. x Aylingii.

There is some uncertainty as to the joint-parent with C. niveum of C. X
F. S. Roberts, both C. ciliolare and C. Curtisii having been suggested
(O. R., vi., pp-- 63, 75)- Be this as it may, it is a- beautiful hybrid, and
received an Award of Merit from the Orchid Committee in London and a
First Class Certificate in Manchester. fee

364 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The recorded crosses between C. niveum and C. Curtisii are, C. x
Cowleyanum (G. C., 1892, xi., p. 72), C. X non plus ultra (as per Protheroe
and Mortis’s Catalogue, 24th September, 1895), and C. x Cowleyanum
var. Anna Louise, the last-named obtaining an Award of Merit in 1896
(O. R., iv., p. 190).

With regard to this cross, I have a personal experience to record which -
may be interesting. In June, 1891, I used a pollen (one side only) of
niveum on a flower of C. Curtisii; the seed was sown in January, 1892, and
in September of the same year, two seedlings made their appearance. As
time progressed, one seedling grew much more rapidly than the other, the
foliage having much the same colour and markings as that of C. Curtisii.
Early in May last, it flowered, and although the whole flower is paler
throughout than a bloom of its actual seed parent, with which I have been
able to compare it, it is not sufficiently distinct to warrant me in showing it
as the hybrid it undoubtedly is. The curious thing is that the other seed-
ling, which seems almost at a standstill, possibly for the very reason that
C. niveum has asserted its influence much more strongly, has leaves of a
darker colour and of more substance, and differs very greatly from its
fellow.

C. X Vanhoutteanum was probably derived from C. niveum and C. X
Dauthieri (O. R., i., p. 259).

The cross between C. Dayanum @ and C. niveum ¢ has recently been
recorded as Paphiopedium Xx Lily Measures (O. R,, vi., p. 293).

The crossing of C. niveum with the pollen of C. Druryi, resulted in the
production of the very pretty C. X microchilum, a hybrid which, flowering
first in 1882, only received an Award as recently as 1893.

In the Journal of the R.H.S., xii., p. 127, it is recorded that on the 26th
August, 1890, Major Marwood, Whitby, Yorkshire (gr. Mr. Horner), sub-
mitted C. Marwoodi X (C. niveum x C. Harrisianum). The plant was
not strong, and the Committee desired to see it again.

Among the plants representing the cross of C. niveum with C, insigne, X
Muriel Hollington used to be included, but it must now be transferred to
the ciliolari-niveum crosses (O. R., v., p. 37). C X Venus, however, is a
true representative of this cross, being derived from C. niveum 2? and C.
insigne Sandera ¢ (G. C., 1895, i., p. 200). Then we have Paphiopedium
X niveo-insigne (O. R., v., p. 37). Mrs. E. V. Low is propably also a true
representative of this cross, and it received an Award of Merit both in
London and in Manchester (O. R., v., pp. 223, 253.)

‘I now come to a most interesting group,—the hybrids for which C.
Lawrenceanum and C. niveum are responsible. They are C. x Aphrodite,
X Antigone, X Telemachus, and X Mrs. Harry Veitch. C. x Aphrodite
first appeared, but it was only in 1893 that it received a First-class Certifi-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 365

cate from the R.H.S. C. X Antigone alone seems to have had C. Law-
renceanum for seed parent, and its worth may be estimated by the fact that
it received a First-class Certificate at the hands of the R-H.S. Orchid
Committee both in 1890 and 1891. C. X Telemachus received an Award
of Merit in 1892. Bohnhof appears to be answerable for the name C. X
Mrs. Harry Veitch (see Hansen's Orch. Hyb., p. 286).

My personal experience of this cross is as follows:—During the years
1891 to 1896 inclusive, I have crossed C. Lawrenceanum with the pollen of
C. niveum on nine occasions, seven of these operations proving ineffectual,
the remaining two producing two seedlings each. The reverse cross, I have
attempted only once, when I was rewarded also with two seedlings. Ot these
six seedlings only one appears to have made good headway, and this, having
been discovered in May, 1895, looks vigorous and well. The foliage is fairly
intermediate.

C. X Jeanette recorded as a hybrid between C. X Leeanum @? and C.
niveum ¢ (G. C., 1897, xxi. p. 278), and C. X niveo-Lowii is also recorded,
Feb. 16th, 1895.

W. H. Gower, in The Garden (1892, xli. p. 48) describes Cypripedium X
La France, a hybrid between C. niveum and C. xX nitens, as “the most
charming hybrid of the niveum group I have yet seen.”

The crossing of C. niveum with C. philippinense, or its variety Roebeleni
has produced C. X Vipani, x C. V. roseum, and possibly C. x V. var.
Corningii, the former obtaining a First-class Certificate in 1892. About the
last-named there is some doubt, although the picture given in the Orchid
Review (v., p. 241) would lead one to believe that this parentage is correct.

In the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, vol. xvi., p. 103,
appears the following paragraph. ‘‘C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House,
Godalming (gr. Mr. T. W. Bond), showed Cypripedium xX _ striatum,
stated to be C. niveum ? X C. lavigatum ¢, but bearing no trace of the
latter species. It resembled C. X Tautzianum.” Is it a form of the latter
or of C. X Vipanii ?

REGINALD YOUNG.
(To be continued.)

DIES ORCHIDIANZ.

Last February (p. 37) I had occasion to discuss what I suppose may be
termed ‘‘ the great Cypripedium question,” and now I observe an illustrated
article from the pen of the Comte de Kerchove in the November number
of the Revue de L’Horticulture Belge (p. 246), in which the views of the
different botanists who have written upon the question are summarised.

366 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Count Kerchove accépts the latest views that the tribe Cypripediez contains
four distinct genera, and I am particularly glad to note that he adopts the
old familiar spelling of Cypripedium and Selenipedium, instead of the new-
fangled Cypripedilum and Selenipedilum, and, of course, he makes the new
genera fall into line with the others in respect to this. It is unfortunate
that the necessary alterations in the nomenclature of the group should be
complicated by a question of this kind.

As to this useless tampering with the spelling of familiar names, it is
interesting to recall some remarks made long ago by Reichenbach. In
discussing the question whether the spelling of Lindley’s Odontoglossum
cirrhosum should not be amended to cirrosum, he observed :—* If we indulge
in changes, we may fall into the hands of an amusing school. I'll give
an illustration. A young Berlin writer changed Linnzus’ Cypripedium
into Cypripedilum. Another member of the same school will, no doubt,
write better—Cypridipedilum. The third will propose, against our rules,
Kypridipedilum ; and the fourth will object that Kypridipedilon is even
better. And let me add that it is a bad plan to write Cypripedilum Calceolus,
L., when Linnzus wrote Cypripedium Calceolus. My opinion is that we
should keep names as they are given” (Gard. Chron., 1876, vi., p- 452).
These remarks I alluded to from memory when discussing the question at
page. 37, and they have proved almost prophetic.

The rule of keeping names as they were originally given is a good one
for general purposes, if not carried too far, as it easily may be. For example,
it should not prevent the correction of an obvious blunder, however it may
have originated, and it should not prevent uniformity in spelling the same
word or part of a word. Some of those who write Cypripedium,
Selenipedium, and Phragmipedium, because that is the original spelling, also
write Paphiopedilum, and for the same reason, but it is repugnant to
common sense to have two methods of spelling the same termination.
Paphiopedilum of Pfitzer, it has been shown, is a mixture of two distinct
genera with a couple of Catasetums and a Cyrtopodium thrownin. Besides
which it was primarily said to be based on the plants now referred to
Phragmipedium (see note at p. 38), though on the same page some of the
Asiatic species were also referred to it. Some day I suppose some “ purist ”’
will prove to his own satisfaction that it was the latter group which should ~
have been re-named, and promptly act on the discovery. It will be as well
to keep an eye on this question in case of further developments.

I was particularly glad to see the excellent figure of Odontoglossum
crispum Prince of Wales given at page 377, which amply justifies my

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 367

remarks at page 227. It is a striking portrait, and forms a fitting climax to
the discussion on the question, and, as pointed out, will form a very useful
standard of comparison for the future.

The appearance of the beautiful Cattleya x Maroni affords another
illustration of the rapid progress being made in hybridising Orchids, and
the award of a First-class Certificate from the R. H. S. was fully deserved.
In some respects it affords a little surprise, for it seems to be a strong
grower, which can hardly be said of either of its parents. The flowers, too,
are better than one would have expected, probably because the parents are
sufficiently alike in colour not to neutralise and spoil each other, as some-
times happens. Those who are fortunate enough to have these two plants
flowering together should take the hint, for Cattleyas are not very rapidly
propagated by division. M. Maron must be congratulated on this fine
acquisition. ARGUS.

CALENDER OF OPERATIONS FOR DECEMBER.

By H. A. BURBERRY, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

Durinc this dull, dark month, we must look wellto the temperatures and
atmospheric conditions of the various departments, seeing that the
thermometer registers somewhere about the following figures :—

COOL HOUSE :—Day, 55°; night, 50°; morning, 45°.

INTERMEDIATE HOUSE :—Day, 60°; night, 55°; morning, 50°.

East INDIAN HOUSE :—Day, 65°; night, 60°; morning, 55°.

A few degrees rise above the foregoing figures may of course be allowed
when the sun makes its appearance, or should the weather be exceptionally
mild. ee

Respecting the atmospheric conditions, the weather must again be the
simple guide. Very little water indeed need be distributed for the purpose
of producing moisture when the outside conditions are mild, but should a
large amount of fire heat be necessary for keeping the temperatures up to the
desired figures, of course, more damping down will likewise be necessary.

Very little new growth will take place during this month, as most
Orchids are now enjoying a rest, and rightly so, for in all cases it is more or
less necessary. Even those species which may be in the act of forming new
growth will move very slowly, in fact, seem to be almost stationary, and
only harm will result if any attempt is made to try to force them into active
growth at this dull season. They would soon become weak and spindly, a
condition of things which all good growers seek to avoid.

Water the plants sparingly, as very little moisture will now be necessary
to maintain plumpness, but do not let them become parched or shrivelled,

368 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

which is equally undesirable. In some cases their resting season in their
native habitat is very dry, rain not falling perhaps for weeks at a stretch,
but we must not forget that there is always sufficient dew falling during the
night to revive vegetation after a day’s hot sun. Thus the Orchids retain
their freshness and vigour during the resting season, a condition of things
which we should endeavour to imitate under cultivation.

Dendrobiums, or those of them which bloom in the Spring, having had
abundance of air and light since growth was completed, will now have
become nicely ripened and firm, and will require an exceptionally small
amount of water. The flower buds of many are now becoming prominent,
and especially will this be the case with D. Wardianum. Do not, however,
on this account be tempted to encourage such buds to grow quickly by
placing the plants in more warmth at this season, or the result will
undoubtedly be badly or thinly flowered plants. Many of the buds would
drop off or fail to expand, besides which the ensuing new growths would
become drawn and weakly, eventually presenting a sorry spectacle.

This will apply equally to other species of this spring-flowering group,
for all are best when not unduly hurried into bloom. Very few Dendrobiums
can safely be made to bloom by Christmas or the New Year, though a few
do so naturally, as D. moniliforme (japonicum) and its hybrids, D. X
eudocharis and D. x Cassiope. Sometimes also various plants of D.nobile
and D. aureum very conveniently condescend to flower at this early date,
without requiring undue pressure, and when this is the case they are very
welcome. A few hybrids having one or the other of these species for their
- parents may also be had in flower at this date, forming a charming little
show, but the majority must be left to bloom at a later period, when flowers
of a far better quality and substance may be assured.

Lelia anceps and its numerous varieties will this month be at their
best, and how useful they are, none know but those who grow them well.
Small weakly plants are generally disappointing, but well-grown specimens,
having pseudobulbs of the maximum size and well matured, produce flower
spikes freely, which in their turn give flowers of the finest substance and
brilliancy in colour. It is really the easiest Orchid to grow that I know of
if given the right treatment, ranking not even second to Cypripedium
insigne, or to Coelogyne cristata. Like the two latter it succeeds best when
grown hardily. Insufficient air and light, and two much care and coddling
during the summer months, generally keep these plants weak and feeble,
and unable to give a good account of themselves when they ought to flower.
These remarks apply also to a great many other species, including some of
the Dendrobiums and Ccelogynes.

Cattleya Warneri is a species which, quite naturally, commences to
make new growth during the winter months, and is now about to start,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 369

a fact which becomes rather inconvenient when the plants have arrived
at that stage where re-potting or basketing becomes imperative. -I never
like re-potting Orchids in mid-winter, but here we have an exception to
the rule, and, as all Orchids succeed best if re-potted just as they
commence to make new growth, and before the new roots become too
active, so, therefore, should this particular one be taken in hand now, if
it requires it. Potting should be performed with the greatest care, not
breaking or otherwise injuring the roots more than possible, and, after-
wards, giving the plant a light position in the warmest department, and
keeping them pretty well supplied with moisture to induce quick growth.
This species may also be re-potted immediately the new pseudobulbs are
completed, which will be about May or June, as a fresh batch of new
roots then make their appearance. I incline, however, to the first-named
method, because, when repotted in the summer time, the plant has to be
kept moist, in order that it may become re-established, whereas it should
then be enjoying a good rest.

Cattleya’ Percivaliana is now producing its flower buds. One great
failing of this species is that of the flower-buds not emerging from the
sheath with reasonable freedom and regularity, as other species do, and,
frequently, they die immaturely. This is particularly vexing, for when the
pseudobulb of a Cattleya produces a sheath, in nine cases out of ten, a
flower-spike follows. Not so, however, with C. Percivaliana; indeed,
if fifty per cent. appear it is pretty good work. This immature decay of
the flower-buds is more noticeable in smoky or town districts than in the
purer air of the country, but in the latter it is also a common feature.
I have noticed this peculiarity more particularly marked when the plants
have been subjected to a very low temperature, and when the roots and
surroundings have been kept too wet and stagnant, and this should be
avoided. .

When the deciduous Calanthes have done blooming they should occupy
a shelf or some such position in intermediate temperature, so that a good
rest may be assured prior to their again starting into growth. In a
similar position, and for the same reasons, should be placed the
Habenarias, which also enjoy a good rest, but which will not stand the
same long drought as Calanthes, therefore a little water should be given
now and then to prevent the tubers from becoming too much dried up.

Odontoglossum crispum is still the favourite amongst Orchid enthusiasts.
To be really effective when in bloom, it must be grown absolutely well,
and kept perfectly clean and free from insect pests, especially thrip and
aphides. Good long spikes of bloom are then to be had, free from the
blemishes and imperfections caused by the bites of these pests. When so
seen no doubt O. crispum is a lovely Orchid. It is, nevertheless, oftimes

379 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

seen in anything but a flourishing and happy condition, and this is brought
about by a variety ofcauses, such as too frequent re-potting, or keeping it too
wet and soddened at the roots, more particularly in the winter time.
Growing them too far away from the glass, where they are apt to become
drawn, and an insufficiency of air at all times are also causes of
deterioration, and the last named is, perhaps, the most serious of all. I do
not believe in a very low temperature during the winter months, and prefer
to keep the thermometer somewhere between the figures of 45° and 60°,
though I always like to maintain this with a no inconsiderable circulation
of fresh air. Of course, there may, perhaps, be a few days and nights
when it is advisable to completely close the ventilators, but they are few
indeed. During such mild, damp weather as we have been having, the
wind should simply be allowed to blow about the foliage. It is no use
whatever trying to grow O. crispum to perfection unless grown as hardy in
this respect as possible. It is a species capable of great endurance, and
detests being pampered up in a stuffy atmosphere.

Should severe weather make its appearance during this winter, remember
that it is a good plan to cover exposed ends of the houses, and the roof
glass, with garden mats or something similar. It not only saves the fuel,
less fire heat being then required, but allows a more healthy temperature
to be maintained. A good supply of sphagnum moss should be laid in, for
it often happens that just when we require a good deal, in February and
March, the frost prevents its being collected, and much valuable time is
wasted.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID
SOCIETY.

A MEETING of this Society was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester,
on November roth, 1898, when many beautiful Orchids put in an
appearance. The following members of the committee were present :
Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair), Law-Schofield, Greenwood,
Leemann, Gratrix, Weathers, Johnson, and Mills (hon. sec.)..

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed a
very fine Cypripedium insigne Ernestii (First class Certificate), C. x
Grovesianum, derived from C. x Lathamianum x Leeanum (Award of
Merit), C. X Ashburtone giganteum (Award of Merit), C. x Leeanum
aureum, and Lelio-cattleya x Amelia, derived from C. intermedia x L.
cinnabarnia (Award of Merit).

Thomas Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed Dendro-
bium bigibbum, Stand Hall variety, an exceptionally fine and very
dark form (First-class Certificate), a fine D, Phalenopsis (Cultural

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 371

Certificate), Lzelio-cattleya xX Statteriana (Award of Merit), L.-c. xX
Ascania, Cypripedium insigne Johnsoni, a fine yellow form without spotting
(Award of Merit) and C.insigne superbum. The same exhibitor also staged
avery fine group of miscellaneous Orchids, amongst which the forms of
Dendrobium Phalznopsis were particularly good and well-grown, and to
which a Silver-gilt Medal was unanimously awarded.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Bradford, showed Cypripedium xX
Jeanette (C. niveum xX Leeanum), a pretty flower but somewhat small,
(Award of Merit), C. X Lilian, and C. X calloso-barbatum.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed Cattleya labiata, Odontoglossum
crispum, Cypripedium Charlesworthii and C. X Leeanum giganteum. A
neat group was also staged by this exhibitor, which received a Vote of
Thanks,

Fred Hardy, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. Stafford), exhibited
a small group, amongst which we noticed a good form of Cattleya xX
Hardyana and a very pretty Lelia prestaus alba. A Vote of Thanks was
awarded.

At the meeting held on November 24th, the exhibits were numerous and
of excellent quality. Present: Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair),
Warburton, Bolton, Weathers, Backhouse, Cypher, Johnson, and Mills
(hon. sec.).

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill), showed
Cypripedium xX barbato-bellum (Award of Merit).

S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed Cypripedium
insigne, a large flower of ordinary markings and colour, but the dorsal sepal
nearly flat and slightly frilled round the edge (Award of Merit), C. i. Baron
Schréder, a very large form, with the dorsal sepal heavily spotted and the
flower altogether much in the way of Harefield Hall variety (First-class
Certificate), C. i. giganteum, also a yellow variety of the species, and C.
Charlesworthii, a good dark form (Award of Merit).

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), showed Lycaste X
Balliz, a cross between L. Skinneri and L. plana Measuresiana, being a very
striking flower with rosy, terra-cotta sepals, rosy petals fading into white at
the tips, and white lip irregularly spotted with carmine (First-class
Certificate); Lycaste Skinneri ashfordensis, a very large round form, with
light pink sepals, rose petals, and pure white lip (Award of Merit), Odonto-
glossum Insleayi splendens, having brown petals and sepals with the edges
slightly mottled with yellow, and a bright canary-yellow lip with large bright
crimson spots round the edge (First-class Certificate), O. CErstedii majus
(Award of Merit), Cypripedium X Moensii (First-class Certificate), C.
tonsum magnificum (Award of Merit), C. x Leeanum magnificum, C. X
L. giganteum, and C. X Arthurianum pulchellum,

372 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed Cypripedium
x Leeanum Albertianum (Award of Merit), C. insigne Johnsoni, a dark
yellow variety of good form, and much improved since it was shown at
the last meeting of the Society (First-class Certificate), and Cattleya X
Hardyana Massaiana (First-class Certificate).

John Leeman, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Cattleya X
Victoria-Regina in excellent form (First-class Certificate), C. labiata, a large
form with good, dark lip (Award of Merit), Lelio-cattleya x Gottoiana,
Odontoglossum crispum, and Cypripedium x T. B.Haywood.

W. Bolton, Esq., Warrington (gr. Mr. Cain), showed two plants of
Oncidium varicosum Rogersii, one of which had exceptionally large blooms
and received an Award of Merit.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, showed Cypripedium xX Leeanum,
C. X L. princeps, C. X nitens, C. X Theodore Buller, C. x John Carder
(selligerum majus X hirsutissimum), a large flower of good form (Award of
Merit), Phaius xX Ashworthiana, and two forms of an unnamed Lelio-
cattleya (C. intermedia x L. cinnabarina), one of which had very pretty
lemon-coloured sepals and petals, and obtained an Award of Merit.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THERE was again a fine display of autumn-blooming Orchids at the
meeting of Royal Horticultural Society, held at the Drill Hall, James’
Street, Westminster, on November 8th, the group exhibited by Messrs.
Veitch & Sons being one of the best they have yet staged at this season of
the year. The members of the Committee present were as follows :—
H, J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), H.
Ballantine, H. J. Chapman, De B. Crawshay, J. Deuglas, H. Little, H. M.
Pollett, T. Statter, F. J. Thorne, and W. H. Young.

The Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury, Birmingham
(gr. Mr. Smith), exhibited a small group of choice Orchids, to which a
Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained Cattleya X Miss Endicott
(maxima X Loddigisii), a very pretty flower with purple sepals and petals,
and a paler lip strongly veined with purple, Lelio-cattleya x fausta
delicata, L.-c. xX Sallieri magnifica with six flowers, L.-c. x Semiramis,
~ and a very pretty form of Dendrobium Phalznopsis.

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whiffen), also
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a very pretty group, containing
several fine forms of Cattleya labiata, one of which was white, with the disc
of the lip purple, and another blush white with the front of the lip lilac;
Cattleya x Mantinii nobiliar, Lelio-cattleya x Statteriana, and L.-c. xX
Decia, |

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 373

H. F. Simonds, Esq., Woodthorpe, Beckenham (gr. Mr. Day), received
a Silver Banksian Medal for a pretty little group, including Lycaste
Skinneri alba, a well-flowered Masdevallia tovarensis, good forms of
Cattleya labiata, Lelia autumnalis, Acampe papillosa, Odontoglossum
grande, Oncidium Forbesii, O. varicosum Rogersii, O. crispum, and
Dendrobium Phalznopsis.

R. J. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr.
Chapman), exhibited Cypripedium x Wottoni (bellatulum x callosum) in
excellent condition, to which an Award of Merit was given.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), also
received an Award of Merit for Cattleya Bowringiana Lady Wigan, a very
fine form with lilac flowers, and a zone of deep claret-purple on the disc of
the lip, the colour outside this being light purple.

Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tilbury (gr. Mr. Chapman), showed a fine
form of Cypripedium xX Statterianum (Spicerianum X vexillarium) in which
the dorsal sepal was very finely developed.

The Earl of Lisburne, Crosswood Park, Aberystwith (gr. Mr. Williams),
showed a large and rich rose-coloured form of Cattleya labiata with some
crimson veining on the front lobe of the lip.

Sir William Marriott, Bart., Down House, Blandford (gr. Mr. Denny),
showed the pretty little Sophrolelia X Marriottii (Sophronitis grandiflora
@ xX Lelia flava g) with deep yellow flowers having some crimson-red
markings inside the lip.

J. T. Bennett-Poé, Esq., Holmwood, Cheshunt, (gr. Mr. Downes),
showed a raceme of the rare Vanda insignis.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, staged
a superb group, to which a Gold Medal was unanimously awarded. It con-
tained a large number of hybrids raised in the establishment, a series
obtained from Lelia Perrinii as the seed parent, and another from Cattleya
Bowringiana being particularly interesting. The former included Lelio-
cattleya X Decia (pollen parent C. Dowiana), L.-c. x Lady Rothschild
(C. Warscewiczii ¢), L.-c. X Semiramis (C. Gaskelliana ¢), and L.-c. X
Statteriania (C. labiata ¢), and from the latter Cattleya x Chloris (C.
maxima 3), C. X Mantinii (C. Dowiana 3), C. X Portia (C. labiata $)
and C. X Wendlandiana (C. Warscewiczii ¢). In each case the influence
of the seed-bearer was very strongly marked. Other hybrids shown were
L.tc. X Nysa superba, the very distinct L.-c. X Ascania, L.-c. X callisto-
glossaignescens, Lelia x splendens, Masdevallia x Imogen (Schlimii 2 xX
Veitchiana 3), M. X Ajax, M. X Parlatoreana, Miltonia X Bleuana, Cypri-
pedium X microchilum, C. X Milo, C. x Leeanum Prospero, C. X T. B-
Haywood, C. X Arthurianum and C. x A. pulchellum, C. Xx. cenanthum
superbum, C. X Niobe, C. X Euryades, and C. X Acteus (xX Leeanum X

374 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

insigne Sanderz). Among the species were some good forms of Cattleya
labiata, C. Dowiana aurea, C. Bowringiana, one truss bearing as many as
nineteen flowers, Dendrobium atroviolaceum, D. bracteatum album, Brassia
Lawrenceanalongissima, Pleione precox, a fine tuft of the pretty little Pleuro-
thallis lateritia from Costa Rica, with brick-red flowers, Vanda Kimballiana,
Catasetum fimbriatum, the graceful Ionopsis paniculata, Ceelogyne Veitch-
iana, the handsome Oncidium spilopterum, O. Forbesii, O. pratextum, O.
varicosum, the remarkable O. dasytyle whose crest closely resembles a small
black beetle, examples of Cypripedium Charlesworthii, and the two hand-
some albinos C. insigne Sandere and C. Lawrenceanum Hyeanum. The
two latter were under bell glasses, together with a flower of the typical form
for comparison, forming interesting features in a very striking group.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, exhibited a plant of the hand-
some Cymbidium Tracyanum, Cypripedium Xx Jensenianum (hirsutissimum
X vexillarium), and the curious Denbrobium chloropterum (Rchb. f. & S.
Moore) a New Guinea species allied to D. atroviolaceum but having green
flowers with some dusky markings on the lip. A Botanical Certificate was
awarded to the latter.

Mr. James Douglas, Edenside, Great Bookham, showed a nice group of
fifteen cut racemes of Cattleya labiata, showing the range of variation which
occurs in this species in a very interesting way. A Bronze Banksian Medal
was awarded.

At the meeting held on November 22nd, there was a slight falling-off in the
Orchid exhibits, though a choice group came from the President’s collection
at Burford. The members of the Committee present were :—S. Courtauld,
Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon, sec.), H. Ballantine, T. W.
Bond, R. Brooman-White, H. J. Chapman, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas,
E. Hill, H. Little, W.H. Protheroe, A. H. Smee, F. J. Thorne, W. H.
White, and W. H. Young.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, caked (gr. Mr.
W. H. White), staged a choice group, including Dendrobium x formoso-
Lowii (formosum 2 X Lowii ¢), an interesting novelty, intermediate in
character (Award of Merit), Cypripedium xX Argo-Morganie (Argus 2 X
Morganiz 3) a striking thing (Award of Merit), an unnamed hybrid from
C. bellatulum with cream-white flower densely spotted with purple,
Cirrhopetalum appendiculatum (Rolfe) from Sikkim, a solitary flowered
species which was exhibited by Mr. Elwes on October 27th, 1896, without
a name (Award of Merit), Calanthe xX Bryan, bearing a_ splendid
inflorescence of white flowers with claret-coloured eye, from a pseudobulb
eight inches in circumference (Cultural Commendation), and a new hybrid
called C. X labrosior, having white flowers tinged with blush on the lip

above the pale primrose base (Award of Merit).

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 375

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whiffen), received
a Silver Banksian Medal for a choice, well-grown group, including a very
fine plant of Cymbidium x Winnianum bearing nine spikes (Cultural
Commendation), a fine dark C. Tracyanum, Cattleya maxima, two fine
C. X Mantinii, Lzlio-cattleya x Apollonia (L. purpurata X C. Dowiana),
Oncidium tigrinum, some fine ©. varicosum, Odontoglossum xX
Andersonianum, Sopronitis grandiflora, &c.

H. F. Symonds, Esq., Woodthorpe, Beckenham, received a Bronze
Banksian Medal for a nice group, including Masdevallia macrura,
Cymbidium Tracyanum, Angraecum Leonis, Oncidium Forbesii, pretextum,
tigrinum, and varicosum, Sophronitis grandiflora, Odontoglossum grande,
Cypripedium X Leeanum superbum.

Sir W. Marriott, Down House, Blandford (gr. Mr. Denny), showed a
home-raised plant of Lzelio-cattleya x Clonia (C. Warscewiczii X L.-c. X
elegans.)

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, showed the
rare Mormodes Lawrenceanum, and an orange-scarlet form of Masdevallia
Veitchiana. ra

J. T. Bennett-Poé, Esq., Holmewood, Cheshunt (gr. Mr. Downs), sent
a fine spike of Aérides Lawrencee and a six-branched inflorescence of
Oncidium tigrinum.

Mr. J. Fitt, gr., Trumpet Hill, Reigate, sent a bunch of twin-flowered
spikes of Cypripedium insigne, indicating excellent culture.

J. Lister Godlee, Esq., Whips Cross, Walthamstow (gr. Mr. Medcalt),
showed a hybrid Cypripedium resembling x T. B. Haywood.

Mr. W. H. Holah, Richmond, sent a brown-tinted form of Lycaste
Skinneri.

E. Harvey, Esq., Yardley, Birmingham, sent Cypripedium
Charlesworthii.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, showed the rare Oncidium
pectorale, a supposed natural hybrid between O. Marshallianum and O.
Forbesii.

ORCHIDS OF TROPICAL AFRICA.

THE appearance of an additional part of the Flora of Tropical Africa, con-
taining the first instalment of the Orchids of that region, was recorded at
page 5. The rest of the Order was included in the second part, which
appeared in April, and the third part, which was issued a few weeks ago,
contains an Index anda supplement containing fifteen additional species.
This makes a total of about 720 species at present known. Habenaria is the

376 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

largest genus, having upwards of a hundred species, after excluding Peristylis
and Plantanthera, which were united with it in the Genera Plantarum. Bonatea
and Platycoryne, which had recently been united to Habenaria, are also here
kept separate. Satyrium also is strongly represented, being now credited with
thirty-nine species, while twenty species of Disa are also found north of the
tropic of Capricorn. Two or three of these are very striking, though none
are yet in cultivation. A large number of novelties are described, and, from
the vast tracts of country still imperfectly explored, it is pretty certain that
the Orchid flora of this large area is not yet nearly exhausted.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CaTTLEYA X Maroni.—Gard. Chron., Nov. 5, p. 332, fig. 91; Gard. Mag.,
Nov. 5, pp. 718, 719, with fig. ; Journ. of Hort., Nov. 10, pp. 360, 361, fig. 62.

CATTLEYA VELUTINA.—Gard. Chron., Nov. 5, p. 533; fig. 99.

CypripepIuM CALcEoLus, L.—Rev. Hort. Belge, Nov., p. 247, fig. 49.

DENDROBIUM SANGUINEUM, Rolfe.—Gard. Mag., Nov. 19, p. 754, with
fig.

MAXILLARIA STRIATA, Rolfe.—Gard. Mag., Oct. 29, p. 705, with fig.

MiLTONIA X Brinoti.—Gard. Mag., Nov. 12, p. 736 with fig.

MILTONIA X BLUNTU LUBBERSIANA.—Gard. Mag., Nov. 12, p. 736, with
fig.

MILTONIA X LEUCOGLOssA.—Gard. Mag., Nov. 12, p. 736, with fig.

PACHYSTOMA THOMSONIANUM VAR PUNCTULATA, André in Rev. Hort.,
Novy. I, p. 504, with plate.

PAPHIOPEDIUM VILLOsUM, Pfitz.—Rev. Hort. Belge., Nov., p, 253, fig. 53-

PHRAGMIPEDIUM CAUDATUM, Rolfe.—kRev. Hort. Belge, Nov., p. 251, fig.
52.

CORRESPONDENCE, &ec.

( di earn not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, wind in
cases, for various reasons, the ney have to stand over for a future issue.)

H.W.A.—A fairly good form, which may improve as it gets stronger. These secondary
hybrids are becoming very numérous, and, when the parentage is lost, very difficult to ik
with. We would suggest that only those which have some distinctive character, or that a
improvements on existing kinds, should be named. Others may be kept until thei
character is clearly proved, after which, the inferior ones should be thrown away.. All fits
crosses between species, however, we think should be recorded.

. E.P.—There are several yellow forms of Cypripedium insigne, but none, we believe,
equal to Sanderze.

_- We have received a catalogue of Brazilian Orchids offered for sale by Messrs. John
Gomas and Co., Gateacre Nurseries, near Liverpool, collected, it is said, in a district
hitherto unexplored. One supposed novelty has been named Leia retrias and the plant
is figured, but in the absence of flowers we cannot say anything about i

INDEX.

ACINETA COLOSSA, ae Wrightii, 199.
ett

m, 273, 292; 0. Ledoux-
um, 2 ih qu ainguedul kos 290.
Aganisias, 213.
Amateur’s experiences, IOI, 133, 163.
Ammonia, 15, 82.
Ancistrochilis Gi ee
m eburneum, 94;
“ema num, eae ichneumoneum, 350;
Kotzchyanum, 47; pertusum, 93; S$
qui e, 24 ; superbum, ie
Angrecums, 212

Anguloa, 67 ; eburnea, une: ein 185.
Ancectochilus pei apd
a “ee congoensis, 2

249.
Appediicnts bifaria, 272.
Arachnanthe Cathcartii, 43 ; Lowii, 43, 297-

BARTHOLINA eee 105, 147, 245.
eath of, 10; the late, 56;
14.

Il.
culture of, 233.
= Orchids, 147; a t Kew, 166, 2
rae 306, 327; at North Easton, 508.
Brassia Keiliana tristis, 182; Wageneri, 263.
Brassocatlelia x Lindleyano- elegans, 30, 46.
Brassocattleya x Lindleyan
Bulbophyllum barbigerum, ks 251; cla
‘ m, IOI ; Ericssoni,

culatum, 46; saltatorium,
218; Spacabitey 303 ; Bulbophyllums, 213.
Burford, a visit to, 45.

CALADENIA carnea alba, 105.
Ca lanthe x amabilis, 30; x Baron Schréder,
ry’ 30, 47; 347 3 x bur-

fordiensis, 30; Dominii, 176, 210

x labrosior, 3743 :

nian

rosea, 47 ; Sanderiana, 295; X sangui in-
aria, 30;: X Sedenii 16 3 x a TITS
94; X Veitchii lactea, 30; X V. splen
dens, 30; X versicolor,

ee parang 46, 213; deciduous, 118, 310, 3

Operations, 21, 58, 86, 115, 148,

Catasetums, 90, 149, 213, 263.

Cattleya Aclandiz alba, 50, 77 ; x Adela,
as3 ° oe 259; netnystoges,
65, 91 (x _Lawrenceana ana), 3 x Ash-
tian, 3465 aurea

Sane. 68; Bowringiana, 332, 345;
(x Sophronitis grandiflora), 33
lilacina, 358 ; ny ones 332;

Wigan, 353, 373 3 acon

6.
falcatum, 245; |

“e

Cattleya—
x calummata, - x eae
gsi 2 x Chloris, 373; choc 145,
146, 3575 Cc. alba, 357; cities tes 248,
(x Skinneri), 333; X Der Czar; 4;
Dowiana aurea, 281, 285, 310, 321; D.
spelt 3343; D. Iinscheotians, 327, 334;
D. Wheatley’s var.,

Bi at 3575
ata, 322; X Empress Frederick var.

| s6miti; 29; nid n
Denis. 189; Gaskelliana, 224, 280, 2
315; G. alba, 109, 217,253 3. G tieamsotet eb
ana, 255; G. magnifica, 253 ertrude
220, 223; gra ranulosa, 295 ; pa ernie B15;
g. Schofieldiana, 253; X Hardyana. 3,
je: S195 XH magnifica, 314; ‘
Massaiana, 372; H. rubescens, 314
a var. mooi 223; Harrisoniz,
risoniana, 299, L.
rath ‘ Rnakeladias 331; X H. eximia. 314
H. Weetmans var., 314 ; ermione,
7; X H. Hannington, 271; i mpera-
tor, 328; intermedia, 7s
Lelia harpophylla), 297 Tek two
sepal 162; i. Fowler's y 1853

Johnsoni superba, 322 ; a ata, 69,

310, 3475 352) 373 1. alba, ; Lama Abilis
332 y Saget Aes ot 250; |
Lon Sy ser ]. Lewisii, 351; . 1
sega 347 5 L Peeters, 250 5° |.
picta, 24 . Mendeli poe House
var., 110; 1 S, 300, 347;
1. Saene ny ec ; 1. Statteriana,

ane alba,

255; 257 ; d

manniana, Bi; +1, alba, 326; -L. Ernestii,
121; magnifica, 68; X Mantinii, 347,
373; X M. nobilior, 347 ; xX Maroni, 336,
35% 367; &X Massaiana, High View var.,

x Miss Endicott, 331, 372; Mossi, 225 ;
M. alba, 326 ; M. Black 'Ptiace, 1
Boadice M. delicatissima, 218 ;
252; M. Hard

—
“

M. M. Pa Y § M
tandii, 194;- M. Mrs. iy 2163 M.
Prince of Wales, 1 Me Raybertiaan,

; M.

pic Port

a aaictie ‘ae 146 ; q- ied 372 Rex,
280, (x bicol Sanderiana, rae ae
95 So mika, 310;
ens, 153; S. amabilis, 135s
159 S. Hareteld fiall var., 158 5 X scita,

Skinne a :
ot. Beans

Cz
x Thorntoni, ee Trianz, 92, 120, 131,
154 (varieties ii),70, 11s.) bs aoa, OL, .02,
tog, 130; T. albens, 123; T. Arkleana,
72; T. Arthur Ashworth, es T. Ash-
worthia ana; 125°; Ashw rthii, 120;
T. Atalanta, 111; T. Fleur de Pai he
T. Gratrixiz, 93 ; T. Harefield Hall var. i
120; T. Highfield var., ee T.m
T.ma rmorat
oa olin 5 933 T. plum
ralis, 72; T. Rein

a,

Noe ee ee

w ; W. rochellensis, 326
Ww. Rovhschidiana, 254; W. Sanderiana,
258; - Schofieldiana, 253; X Wend-
edie
Cattleya al albinos, xe 326, 357; fly, 249, 341.
Cattleyas, 59, 2

magni
. Mrs. Sealey

e des Beives,

Shondvordapctia. albicans, 303; Chester-

toni, 175.
Cockroaches, 22 ;

ee of, 8, 48.
Chysis, 213; bractesc

174.
Cirrhopetalum dicnfatinin ; Col-
let 88; Medusee » 305 ei ioe
robustum, 166; Cirr' hopetalum Ss, 2
Cochlioda X egy ZGts Cochiiodas, 172:
Celia Baueriana, 1
logyne asperata, 43; cristata, 90
alba, 99; Dayana, 174; elegans, 2355
Huettne 2 Massangeana, ;
goycera: 303 ; Sanderiana, 43; speciosa
x

graphique des Orchidées, 141, 2
Colax ae a aioe

Summins, } 5 ig
Cycnoches, 57, 213; chlorochilon, 149
Egertonianum, 13) 575 2465 Lindleyi, ers
musciferum, 67;

57-

INDEX.

Cymbidium canaliculatum, 158; concolor,
124; Devonianum. 156; eburneum, 154 ;
burneo-Lowianum,

Cynorchis compacta.
chis Mastersii alba,
Cyrtopodiums, 150, 213.

: 366

Cypripediez, 366.

Cypriped ay 37, 306

Cypripedium x son giganteum, 31
Alfred Hollington, 253; X Riaeai nee 2, 2,

Annie Measures,
139 ; Ant 364, 365; X
eeawate Ae ; Appletonianum, 66; X

x

Ar oon alge os : gus, 6
Arthurianum, 76 Ashburtone, oe ;
a: Ba . 322: - xpansum, 3
A. giganteum, 370; xX Aylingii, ore ;

homer poet: al), 224, (X bellatu-

Bar 2
belt,

hybrids) to b album

Godefroyz, 232; elus,
Bowalli aateas 62; Bullenianun vey
Calceolus, 366; californ 105 ; x
callo- eli 5 x callo- Paneer,
252 oso-niveum, 363; callosum
oss sianum, 2; X Calypso, 61, us villo-
sum aureum), 93; X Carnusianum, 67;
caudatum Wallige, 154; X Cere
x Chamber-Leeanum, 207; |
Richised, 250; lesworthii, 325, 343, ~

2

tulum, 218, 233 ; x conco-Lawre

ree 232) oy en bellatulum), uP x
As xX Anna

m,
Vala oe x Cravenianum, 26
Deedmanianum, 29; ismannian
123; X Ella, 317; x Euphrasia langley-
m Th '

Exul, 179; Fairriean
Fascinator nobilior, 93; X F. S.
160; xX F. S. Roberts, s. 63 75, 3033
Gardenianum, a x ‘Geo num, 24,
G rate Hollington, 158
defro fiat ae 275s 3635 X
233

ie, ; X G. super an 3
janum, 370; X x G. W. Law Schofield 92

mg
patty i. meric 24 25, 250; i. Emestii,
370:

agIe
ee

INDEX.

Cypripedium
i. Green Bank var., 2853 i. Johnsoni, 371,
372; 1. Joh sonianu m, Set jani

to-violaceum, 25 ;
36, 61, 63, 3743 1. Sanderianum, 24, 26;
superbum, 28.5 Uplands 39
rande (x raha 3523

uciani, |

379

_ Cypripe ediu
x Tautzianum, 346, 362, 363; xX _ T.
lepidum, 362; X Telemachus, 364, 365;
x Thompsoni, 120; tons magnificum,
1; _ triumphans, Van
Houtteanum 3¢ 4; »&.- Venus, ie
venustum, 3433 V v. Measuresianum, 61;

iy lo

x loan 365, 371 ;. x Jens

num, 374; J. Howes, 30; X ae
Carder, 372 ; x ares £73.)

179;

Mrs. G. D.
Bolleril, At: ares
6 Mrs. Herbert Druce, 232

Young, 223; s
x Muriel Hollington, 363, 364 3 X Nandii,
346; ae 62; xX nit uciani-
anum, Xoo th: eet 243 5

x nen “cikiola are, 363; X
365; niveum, 232, 275» | tae parent), a
n plus

var., Y 56; Sir Thomas Lipton, 217,
220, 261; X Olivia, 285, 286 ; X
256; X orphanum, 346; X palawanense,

315, 317) 319 ;_X Paris, 85; x Pollettianum,
a6. G85: Pre i h

53 ettil, 92; X
232, 363; purpuratum superbum ;
. radi vai as hderianum, se ~

Richman x Rolfei, 35;
Foe esas siibany 207; 317 5 ie
childianum ~ Dayanum), as R. gigan-

Ruth Ayling, 362; X

= Mons. 4 Pte 92; X Schofi

ere, 361;
“Soh sae ate 252°; 1
majus, 123; X 5S. Gratnx, 183 ; Spiceri-
anum, 70, 343; X Statterlanum, 26,
s7 2 x striatum, 305; ; Stonei platytenium,
69, 70; X Swinburnei magn! ificum, 61 ;

Cyprpediums, go, 3253

vexillarium, 43 ; villosum m, 343

teum, 92; v. magnificum, 120; v. varie-
gatum, 1413 x Vipani, 365 ; V.
Corningil, 3 x V. roseum, 365;

x William eS 85, 275; X William
Winifred Hollington,
W. rubens
nee 366; crosses with
group, 38 ; seedlings,

» 296.

t North Easton,
307 5 : nb 324, 3433 oath twin-flowered
capes, 3

Cyorinnann 37:

| DENDROBIUM xX Ainsworthii, 99 ;

Robinsonianum,

leyense, 157; X
atroviolaceum, 1545 291, 296, 319; aureum
inna Backhousei, 121 ;
218, 227 ; bigibbum, Stand
m

Hall var., 370; Boxallii, 192; bracteosu
258; ca 201; X iope, 368 ;
x Benson, 131; ehlenetsyeey 3743
x Clio, pe crassinode, 118, (with fused
flowers), . Barberia HO
le 123; cymbidioides, 30, 473
cymbiforme, 302 ; Dalho 21

291 :
densiflorum, 209 ;
euosmum Jeucopterum, 92; €
thro:

pogon, 211; ery xanthum,
Falconeri, aos fimbriatum. oculatum
145.0%. rmoso-Lowii, 374 3 formosum
giganteum, 314, 348 Harold,
62 arveyanum, 81 ; Re 3025
infundibulum m, 149; Jamesianum, 149;
Johannis, 306; Johnsonz, 296; X ag
26; Low, 211; X

4; ;
Ballianum, 92, 122; n. ordiense, 93;
n. delicatum, 99; ~ Du ckworth’s var. 122;
Hardyanum, 98, 162 ;

123; n. majus, 123;
120, I 30% n. ‘Sanderianum, 92; n. serine
oo ie Owenianum,
nopsis, 311, “316, 341, 354 379 5
I P. hololeucum,

348; P. Rothschil me me primul-
30; p. gigan 179; pul-

chellum, 291; p- A ee 194 ; puni.

380 INDEX.

Dendrobium— | Grammangis Ellisii, 200.
ceum, 350; X Rainbow, 92, ae radians, earns ca a Rum phianum, 211;
190, 211; X rhodostoma, 349; ubens |
grandiflorum, 123; sanguineum, nates | Grey, ‘Willi, pio of, 14.
Schneiderianum, 92) 122; sculptum, 211; Gua
te wa ee gi- | Cemenuaecn albida, 238; conopsea, 238,
ganteum 92 andifior Lose 92, 125, 293; con v ea X albida, 239; X conopseo-
(Do nobile nobilite), 162 ; s.illustre, | albida, 238, rg _oratssima, 2466 X
$24, 423 KS perigee a t um, | Sihwetuietha
43; termin ; thyrsiflorum, 139,

nale,
209 ; Victoria- Regina 34, 154, 180; Ward-
ianum, I91, 311 < 308 3 album, 91; W.
Beatri ice Ashworth, 120 ; W. Broomeanum,
W. gaa var,
im

d 2 at

Sa UAe 58, 117, 213; Hybridising,

6.

Dendrophy lax, 266.

Diacrium bicornutum, 74s Silage

Dies Orchidiane, 3, 00, 196 227, 261,
292, 324, 365 ; by Sader 13

Diplomeris Sareea: 265, 266.

Disa X Clio, 287; x Diores, 243, 28
grandiflora, 241, 242, 2479 258, 317, (with
branched oe 230, 2 x kewensis,

xs e

Disa, 248; culture, 317; hybrid, 141, 210, 262.
Disperis capensis, 147.

ELLEANTHUS capitatus, 206, 327.

es ek X radiato -Bowringiana, 198, 220.

Epidendrum armeniacu oe bracteatum,
ey & che itagense,
leucochilum,

Se: ; elegantulum
‘573 Rucvest 46; fragrans,

x
eo 198,:220,. 287 ;

arle worth, 3 169, I
piphronitis x ‘Veitch, 155,170, ise 2 50, 296.
gum n 6.

bon, 106.

Eulophia eet 3273 pi ee Elisa-
bethe, I 196; oo 104, 156,
194, 196, 238 » 292, 3

Exhibits, safe custody ae 252, 261.

FERTILISATION without —. 202, 203, 221;
self- copes —_ 221

Fog, e

Frost arg Orchids, 102.

GALEANDRA Batemanii, 211.

Ghent show, 196, 205

Goodyera procera, 148.

grees ihe 144; odoratissima,
238 ;
Paw. ean, ea Kienastii, 264, 292;
€a, 200.

Houlletia CNL pen ge 306.
Huntleya violacea, 234.

Hybridization, experiments in, 163, 165.
Hybrids, as ooh Lodi, aos ; eee) >
3 crosses, 203; med

Latin, 4; “mn epotency bt one durent, Soad ;
primary, 202 ; “weeds,” 325.
IONOPSIS ass 268 ; teres, 269.
Javoo fibre,
Japanese in an NW Orchid craze, 313-
Jenmania elata, 304

Kew, New Orchid Houses at,
“oe bone —— Orchids ao the Sikkim

Kypridiveiton, 366 ; Kypridipedilum, 366.

LABELS, The Stanley Ivorine, 356.
Laczen megs ae 199; b. var. glabrata, 199;
ilis

spectabilis , 199.
ee x amanda, 4355°= oe 38, 64,
Cra wshay’s VAL, 35; cit00;

— 2a B75 278; 332, ee
varieties), 40; a. alba, 27, 40;
oo; a. Amesiana Crawshay’s var., 38, 100
a. Barkeriana, 40; a. blanda, 40; a. ian.
; a. Chamberlain’s var., 40;

c. su

majalis, 88 ;

: famriats oa (hybrids off

347 ; P. leucophzea, 350;

346; p- purpurea, 348 ;

pumila, 320, 321, 3493 Colemanii, 350;
p. superba, 30; purpurata, 167, 219; p.

INDEX. 381

Lelia—
Annie Louise, 253; p. Backhouseana, 216;
p. Brysiana, 181; p. Ernestii, 219;
fastuosa, 216; rubescens, 30; tenebr rosa,
217; t. Thompsoni, 27,5 t. splendens,

316,
Lzelias, 214 ; Mexican, 312; “culture of, ve
vie: cattleya Xx Adin al Dewey, 189 ; ;

d
Bertie arharion, 25653: -callistoglossa
ignescens, 253; xX Can ha Na; 2165) X
C. e200 2535 GC. Jo yee Wicks, 222; x

superba, 220 ; x Cauwenberghei, 67 ; X
Clonia, 314, 375 : x corbeillensis, 290 ;
% Cornelia, 332; x ~ Decia, -373:. X
Dominiana langleyen nsis, 349; X Dukeof

ork, 217, 220; elegans, 67, 67, 25% 274

290, 316; XxX e. alba,
ae 2753 Pee: "blenheimensis
314; cellens, Ms x
Harold Meares” o7h ; x Juno, ie
x e. Macfarlanei, 257; xe. is. Mahler,
274; X e. Murcia, 275; xX e. Sappho,
7A ei Statteriana, 416s ee. Stella,

E. splendens, 220; X exoniensis, 348,
358; & Fascinator, ne x Fire King,
217s xX eco 27; X Haywoodii, 124;
x Henry Greenwood, 140, 347, 350, 3513
x Mckbuviehein. 158, 188 ; x Hippolyta
aurantiaca, 220; X . Dulcote var., ce ;
X intermedio-flava, 141, oe mie 3155
ve Golden Queen, 189, 5 ineritnss,
x 4; X I. gigantea, 2864 fy Lady Roths-
child, 37 34-%. Leticasta,. 31, 413°» Lily
Me 220: --x Linden; 67-5" X
Lucilia, 255 ; x Marion, 271; X Mr.
Gratrix, 314; * Myra, 95; x Nysa, 315;

1 a Tl

354; x Sayana,67; xX Schilleriana, 167,

189, 194, 259, 321, 351, (raised artificially),
6 .

id
263
Statteriana, 371; X Thortoni, 159, 300;
Vedasti, 290, 331; warnh sis,
weedoniensis, 5, 192, 354; X
Wellsiana, 185; X W.a a 1853 x
langleyensis, 159 ; X_un med (C. inter-
media X L. cinn pabaringy: ca

Lewis WL Co., 195.

Linden, M. Jean, death of, 43 ; the late, 67;
his works, 44, 45 ; spans nt, 132.

Liparis latifolia, 202 ; Prainii, 201.

Lissochilus arenarius, 266 ; Eiesiieas 266.

Cmacaachvs mom 306.

Lockhartia elegans, 327.

‘Lu <i mannia Pescatorei, 67; Sanderiana,

Tyee aromatica, 103,164; X Balliz, 371;
Dyeriana, 303; Locusta, 136; x Mary

Lycaste—
Gratrix, 1535 Mooreana, 93; Skcinieri 66,
2495 276;-5.-alba,13 123;;5. ashfordensis
371; S. Baroness Schroder, 141; S.de
tissima, 46; S. Mr. F.-L. Ames, 2
Lycastes, 173.

MANCHESTER and North of England Orchid
Society, 24, 61, 91, 121, 153, 183, 216, 252,
285, 314, 346, 370; its awards, 184.

Manchester Show, 197.

Manure for Orchids, 3, 15 ; water, 4.

Masdevallia angulata, 195, 219 ; Chimeera,

59; X Circe, 287 ; coccinea, 44 ; cornicu-

Sticta, 93 ; ae mosa, 46; haa ae:
tovarensis, 349; Veitchiana (xX
Wageneria — "296 ; ventricularia longi-
ee Ae oe Masdevallias, 133, 173-

195.

304 ; elegantula, 29, 3 4 ; grandiflora, 358 ;
g. alba, 30; ingles, 3 349; cenlifolig 183.
Mesospinidium sanguineum, 123.
Miltonia X _ 319, 330; X Bleuana
roseo-gigantea, 188 ; Endresii, io aewe 4

mpress Victoria Augusta, 191; v. Leo-
poldi, 347 ; v. rosea, 183; v. rubella, 258.
Maltomias, 174.
Moorea irrorata, 235-
Mormodes, 149, 213; cenanthum, 158.
Mystacidium, 266; angustum, 200; disti-
chum, 306.

NAMES, familiar, 366 ; of five words, 100
Nomenclature, 4, ~ Cypripedium ques-

3
tion, 365 ; of hybrids, 325; of varieties, 9,
38; "Rules, 325 ; words adapte ed from the
Greek, 37.

OBERONIA myosurus, I 166.
Odontoglossum X Adrianz, 5, 179, oe 4
eae.

arlesianum, 189 ;

2 _ apterum aka: 126; X aspersum,
93 violaceum, 126 ; bcsosieupe, iz.
Cervantesi

crinitum, -Hallii, 287; xX
- as 66, 170, 191, 259, 93
crispum , 94, 121, 154, 172, 179

216, 218, 236, a, 283, 369; oma of), 194,
(at Pacho), 244, 297, (X m), 278,
(cultivated for 28 seg 237, .(m
England), 244, (natural conditiins under
which it seas) 297, (variegated), 236,

382 INDEX.

Odontoglossu
Cyapieetn a ge 114, (who pete br oF 84
lfred, 250; -c. apiatum ‘
pho Sate 114; c. Baroness Schroder
Ca

tianum, 114; c. Cooksoni, 114; c. Cy oe
739 3 c. Dallemagnez, 2t75 c.

c. Franz Masereel, 113; c. Ghislaine,
1145.30 Iden Queen, 129, 250; c
grandiflorum, 216; c. yeanum, 114;
c, lluminatum, 315 ; c. K 50;

» 217 ; c. Lehmanni Schofield’s var

12
pobictecassapeni 114; c. Roi Pasioid,
141; c. Stevensii, 250; c. The Gem, 154;

c. zebrinum, 190; x cuspidatum, 2 ;
ry g » 2, 27; Dayanum, 28; x
deltoglossum Stevensii, 61; xX elegans,

H anum, 2
ete 263; XX ak I 138 5
num maximum, 15
rellgees, 99, 179; hybridum Asliworis:
anum nsleayi splentens, aes
; x

se

“=
Lal

“

107, 188, 278; luteopurpureum, in 284 :
1. \ hysins 65, 353; 1. Vuylstekeanum, 216;
maculatum (x cordatum), 218; x mulus,

595 eperianum, 215
tiumphians, agi; t panes! Crawshay, 158 ;
rbiens, 158 ; versicolor, 1553;
Wilknaneas, eae 0% 121, 122, 127, 160,

cess des

Madame \ 13935

nobilior, 216, 250; x W. Pittize, 124; x W.
x 2 Pet

13> 159, 237; x W. Queen

Odontoglossums, 277; and frost, 103;
Hybrid, 179; potted in “Bak mould, 235;
276; at Pacho. aed secondary hybrid,
284 ; seedling, 278, 308; treatment of

mported, 208.

Oncidium, 68 ; albo-verrucosum, 226, 254
altissimum, 234; ee hardy at Genoa,
40; concolor, 191; c. supe erbiens, 187;
crispum grandiflorum, 194; dasytyle, 299,
rand 374 5 Forbesi: superbum, 315; gra =a

limum, 304; incurvum album, 38 wat
shdaliuat 267, 269; Jamiesoni, 226;
onesianum, 344; ae 269, 292;
Lanceanu cranthum
chelseense, 254 caieioh chars album,
250, 285 ; alznopsis, 162 ; P. Brandtiz,
27: pectorale ; Rolfeanum, 269 ;
saltabu » 30; sarcodes, 140, 141 ;
tigrinum, 27, 8; ben

3 s,. 163%

lugens, 18 ; trilingue, 269; trulliferum, 298;
unguic ulatum, 89, 133; varicosum, 31,
311; v. insigne, 27 ; v. Rogersii, 372.

Oncidiums, 311, 344, 345. :

Orchid, ew British, 238; culture in
Belaishn, ges 235 276 ; in: Italy, 41;
houses at ae 193 ; Mania, 313.

Orchid Review, 3.

Ophrydez ptt 264.

Orchidaosdis exaggerations, 230.

ors a Birmingham m, 340; at a hgiges 2353
at Burford, 45; at Clare Lawn, 132; at
Enfield, a at Ghent, 137 ; a Hanley
Park F 251; at Highbury, 331; at
Marshesteh, 119, 180; at Messrs. Linden’s,
ged ie t Messrs. Low? S, 294; at Messrs.
Sander’s, Bruges, 276; at M.A. “agra s,
07; at M. Hye-Leysen’s, 206; at M.

Peeters s, 237; at Pynaert’s pong * at
met’s, 207 : at et-
tee a I 207; at M. Van Imschoot’s,

M
Vincke’s, 277; .at M.
Vuyisteke Si 278 ; ; at Moortebeek, Phe
No

150, 152,
curiosities of = in, a
d

Guiana, 267; in leaf-mould, 141; in
season, 54, 73, 105, 142, 175, 210, 239, 262,
301, 328, 355; in the Law Co ourts, 50, a3 ;
Intermediate, 150; loss of M. Hye
163, 197, 2613 manuring of, 82; :
Guatemala, 12; of _ Trop. Africa,
375; of 1897, 34; raising from gars
; Pcatctestnad 268; specimen, 17,
209; structure and fertilisation of” ‘aie

INDEX.

Orchis mascula, 10; monophylla, 1
Ornithidium nanum, 148 ; Sophronitis, 215.
aooraigg tag grandiflorus, 200; multi-

PACHYSTOMA Thomsonianum, 6.
Pantling’s drawings, 228
aphinia cristata, 268, 272; rugosa, 272.
Paphiopedilum, 36, 38, 3
Pa hicpedintn x Allanianum, * I
Appletoniz, 112 Ariadn
Arthurianum pulchellum, 360 x Ash-
burtonz, 290, 342; X teti, 360; X
auroreum, na ; eltainhent- abies 305 5 ;
callosum Spic cerianum), 341 x
m m, 16 Charlesian-
3593 Charlesworthii, 323; x Clotho,
reo : Carti tisii (xX Cha mberlainianum), 34 :
x 60; Dayan Bis
Deedmanianum, 49, 70, , ; “? D. in
S, 33 35 3 x Euphrosyne
x J.

niveo-insigne, 364 ; niveum, |
rmal, 333 ; Rothschiiian
: 168 ;

Sopeertavet 341
westoniense, 112; of Petes 33 35°
Paphiopedium, 37, 38; crosses, 203; germ
ae of seed, 34 ; seed and the time to
S 36; seedlings, 7.

Tautzianum, 354;

Paphiop um, 37.

Part eaogeltesin 19, 202.

Peristeria cerina, 268 ; elata, 316 ; longiscapa,
ula, 268.

126; Xx N. aureus, 123,
; N. roseus, 123, 126.

Draken; 212, 249; X Cassandra, 95 ;

Schroedere,

Ss, 94.

Phragmipedium, 38, 361, 366; X Domin-
ianum, 258; X_ Schroedere, 361; X

edeni leucorrhodum m, 323

Platyclinis filiformis, 28; ; rufa, 302.

a dg glandulosa, 306.

Pleiones, 344.

Pleurothallis lateritia, 374; maculata, 246;
rufa, 302.

ndria, 6.
hilus longicalcaratus, 272.
Pollination and fertilisation, 202, 203.
Polycycnis muscifera
achy

Polyst a Adansonia, 200; bracteosa,
167; Buchananii, 327; imbricata, 4975
laxi 306 ; ubescens, 167.

Ponera Kienastii, 264.
PORTRAITS — ACANTHEPHIPPIUM Curtisii
albidum, page Bolleana, 223—
AGANISIA coerulea, 320 —BRASSAVOLA
(Lelia) Digbyana, 223CALANTHE x

383

| Portraits—

song 64—CATTLEYA ~—— 320 ;
x Empress Frederick var. _, 32

x Fernand Denis, 192; X Maroni, 376;

Mendel Oakes Ames, 223: eh peeing ‘three-

lipped), 224 ; Triana Samyana, 320 rag

ere ; velutina, 376 — CIRRHO-
PETALUM picturatum, 256 — CoeLOGYNE
Massangeana, ; » 256—

gate var., 224 ; Ritch
peers Hollington, Southgate var., 192 ;
eeanum, 256 ;

r., 192
childianain platytenium, : 256; x Sandero-
biens, 128 ; erick, 256—
DENDROBIUM Ceelo » 325 Dea
r

a, ; as ’
; p. candida, 320; p. nobilis, 320;
rubescens. Lz

langleyensis, $52; ; enry Greenw .
352; X_Hippolyta Fake var. 224; X

Ingramii ct Aa 288, ; ¢ -teter-
medio-flava Golden Queen, x
Jac 7:58 orntoni, 192 —

oO TOGLOSSUM X

224; X crispo rT , O24;
Baroness Schrider, 128, 160 ; c. Lehmanni
Schofield’s var. 288; c. Luciani, 288; c
Miss Anna Guders, 352: ooreanum,
256 ; c. Prince of Wales, 224 ; c. Princes:
Christian 160; Pescatorel Duchess of
Westminster 1945, FP, Roi Leopold, 320

32; ~.Vige oon 370; XxX
Wilekeans Lindeni, 256; x W. Pittice,
128, 160 W. Pitt’s VARIETY, oe
ONCIDIUM ‘splendidam, Oy, HIS
ane 224; latifolia,

superba, 224 ; cpmcehedle ips

-

» 366.
_Selenipedium, 3, "366; xX pulchellum, 66.

384

Portraits—
STOMA Thomsonianum var. punctulata,
376 — ng eth Chamberlain-
ianum, 96 ; Victoria-Mariz, 64— PAPHIO-
PEDIUM Rothschildianum, 352.5
376—PH a Norman, 128, 256— |

|

|

; |

x eee |

sc CS accent
Sy i ee A Hadwenii. |
|

Lease

20—SIEVKINGIA Sie ue peers 64—
SOBRALIA Lucasiana, 96—SPATHOGLOT-
TIS X aureo-Vieillardii, ese TANHOPEA
Madouxiana, 288 ; odigasiana, 288
—TRICHOPILIA brevis, 160.—VAN x
Miss Joaquim, 288; AC radac ene. ee
WARSCEWICZELLA — 256. ;

Pterygodium carnosum,

ee types, 293 ; Herbarium,

hones nthera ae ip 10; Imschootiana, 186.
Repotting, 119, 280.
Daihen cafdida, 267, 269; secunda, 267.

SACCOLABIUM bellinum with sasha
m, 166; Henderson-
87.

c
pee cs hongkongensis, 304.
Sarcochilus au 144 ; unguiculatus, 332.
Sinaia oma nfl 264.
Schomburgkia Kimballiana,
Scuticaria Hadwenii, : 162, 219, 259; Steelii,

259.
ieee ae ; damping off, 213; on im-
ported plants, Sie
Sdenipediion. 1

Selenipodium.

2

I, 2493 a cotton
netting, 130; roller blinds,

age Reichenbachiana, ae

Slu

Sobralia ‘Cattleya, 47; cpa 292; Lindeni,
46; luteola, 304; rantha eS vc
we 331; m. Holieniliaoh; Sanderiana,

286 ; X Veitchii, 259; X V. aurea, esi as

INDEX.

{ Sobrahas—

Wiganiz, oi 259, 297 ; xantholeuca, pi
Soot and lim
Sophencuitiens: x Batemaniana, 1435X<

x om ypso, 270; X Chamberlainii, 270,
; Cleopatra, 349; x George Hardy,
185, 270, S153 Veitchii; 270.
Sophroleelia x lata, 323; x Marriottii, 373.
933

93.
Snake does ee eed aureo-Vieillardii, 185.
oe colorata maculata, 125; diuretica,

Stanhopea calceolus, 336; connata, 336;

eburnea, 268 ; gr randiflo
303 ; Rodigdeiate 222:;

ra, II ; impressa
Stanhopeas, 149,

Stanle ey Mobbs and Ashton, 195, 298.
Stauropsis lissochiloides, 43, 286, 341.

Stenia pallida, 268.

bin its ioe in orchid growing, 68.

TEMPLE Show, 186, 197.
bloods 313; yellow.

been x Veitchiana nee. 2 225; Winn-
8 ; Thunias, 89.

Trias d Siscif flora,

Trichocentrum alatum, 304.

Trichopilia brevis, 30.
UROPEDILUM, 38.

ae CGERULEA, 282, 347; Hookeriana,

8, 3593; Kimballiana, 282 ; $i2%;'. Miss
jonas, 36, 254, 262; pumila, 220;
Sanderiana, 47, 291, 346, 937.5 a

scens, 206;
67 ; Pompo hag 2

Variation, a ie In, 243.

Variega ation, 208.

Varieties, 9.

iiemipais

ALTON GRANGE Sale, 129, a

Warscewiczella amazonica, 256.

ZYGOPETALUM crosses, 19, 203.

Zygopetalum Ballii, 216; crinitum super-
bum, 93; intermedium, 19 ; Mac ackayi, 19;
maxillare (x Mac ogi re x Perrenoudi,
93, 155; rostratum, 26

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE,

Aérides odoratu : one ¥ 2,
Cattleya ated f woe) 145
Cyp: Pen se oe Sandere ee
Denied bium Harveyanum noes ST
: orum : noe go9
Disa grandiflora me is eee 24t
ne a “i one wens Dae

» ™Xlangleyensis ... ove os 241

» X Premier pee we wee B4I
tripetaloides Bees Tens roa

PAGE
Disa X Veitchii REG ie se
Eulophiella Hinbake

Peetersiana . Evontispcc

Odontoglossum crispum Franz Maz
j ik 223

a Prince of

i ales 7
Paphiopedium bellatulum album poo

» . X Deedmanianum ...
Phragmipedium Schroeder ... ies ra

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