i

DE VOTED TO. ORGHIDOLOGY.

se hg eae ze
Orchids in season
Orchids of 1898

Paphiopediam x Ric

re

de endrum x Berkeleyi

Siecand Cattleyas. ...
er ach 5 North ot 3 Bngland

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ORCHID REVIEW

An QilustratedD Wlonthly Journal

DEVOTED 70 GRCHIDOLOGY

VOLUME VII

1899

London;
MARSHALL BROTHERS, KESWICK HOUSE, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.
[The right of reproduction is reserved.|

j jj a be he A FO

“Who can paint
Like Nature? Can imagination boast,
Amid his gay creation, hues like these,
And lay them on so delicately fine,
And lose them in each other?”

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Vout. VII.] JANUARY, 1899. LNo. 73.

NOTES.

THE first meeting of the year of the Royal Horticultural Society will be
held at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on January roth, when
the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 0’clock, noon. There

is also to be held a second meeting, on January 31st.

In an official programme just issued is an announcement that an Inter-
national Conference on Hybrids, with Exhibition, will be held at Chiswick
on July 11th. The Conference will be continued on July 12th at 117
Victoria Street, S.W. Further particulars may be anticipated at an early
date.

A meeting of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will
be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on January 12th. The Orchid
Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection from
I o'clock until 4.

An additional part of the Orchidacee of the Flora Brasiliensis, by Prof.
A. Cogniaux, has appeared, containing part of the tribe Leliine, as
arranged by Pfitzer, which is divided into two subtribes—Poneree and
Cattleyee. Of the genera more or less familiar in gardens may be
mentioned, Isochilus, Scaphyglottis, Hexisea, Amblostoma, Lanium, and
Epidendrum, the latter, of which 141 species are indicated in the key,
being not quite finished in the present part. The plates number 49,
some of them containing more than one species. :

We have received together the May, June, and July numbers of
Messrs. Cogniaux and Goossens’ interesting little Dictionnaire Iconographique

2 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

des Orchidées, containing life-like portraits of thirty beautiful Orchids. On
looking them through we find that the plant figured and described as
Phalzenopsis Esmeralda, Rchb. f., is P. rosea, Lindl., a very different species,
while that figured at Lycaste candida, Lindl., is L. leucantha, Klotzsch.
In the accompanying Chronique Orchidéenne for June, we find a brief note
about the Hartwegia Kienastii, described in these pages apparently three
months later, which we think M. Cogniaux should have kept for his October
number. It is rather instructive in connection with the priority question.
We also observe the record of a hybrid between Brassavola Perrinii and
Cattleya guttata, exhibited at Paris on July 28th last by M. Mantin, under
the name of Correyonia x bellaerensis, a name which might very well have
been suppressed, for at the end of the description it is very properly pointed
out that it should be Brasso-cattleya xX bellaerensis. It is important that
the multiplication of useless synonyms should be checked as far as possible.

A very fine flower of Paphiopedium x Murillo var. Cyris is sent from
the collection of Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne.
It was raised from P. Boxallii atratum % and P. Argus 3, and received a
First-class Certificate from the R.H.S., in November, 1894. The flower is
very large, and both the dorsal sepal and petals are handsomely spotted
with deep purple brown.

Lelia albida sulphurea, is a very pretty light yellow variety which was
described by Reichenbach some years ago. A plant of it has now appeared
in the collection of R. Brooman White, Esq., of Arddarroch. Though so
different from the type in colour it is quite identical in other respects.

autumnalis, and a
and, like it, probably of natural
our hybridists would cross some
» SO that the hybrids might be compared

: ing, and the three remaining parts stand in
a triangle. The staminode is normal, but the anther on the side of the
missing petal has grown out into an oblong staminode + inch long.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3

P. x Niobe is an exquisite little hybrid, in which the combination o1
the rare P. Fairrieanum with P. Spicerianum results in a large white
dorsal sepal, green at the base, and reticulated all over with light purple
veins. A beautiful flower is sent from the collection of R. Brooman
White, Esq., of Arddarroch. 3

Four other showy hybrids are sent from the collection of E. F.
Clark, Esq., of Teignmouth. First may be mentioned P. x politum, in
which the combined characters of P. barbatum and P. venustum give a rich
and very pleasing effect. P. x regale unites the characters of P.
purpuratum and P. insigne, but is very distinct from both. P. xX Calypso
isa fine bold hybrid, derived from P. Spicerianum and P. Boxallii, and
recalls P. x Lathamianum, though with more colour in the dorsal sepal.

The remaining one is a seedling from the Selly Hill collection, now
flowering for the first time. The record on the label is ‘‘ Harrisianum
nigrum X Io maxima,” though we fail to trace any character derived
from the latter, or from its parents P. Argus and P. Lawrenceanum. Mr.
Clark very well remarks that it is not unlike a small P. xX Creon, and
indeed so close is the resemblance that we think the second parent must
have been P. X cenanthum. It is very richly coloured, especially the dorsal
sepal, and will improve in size as the plant gains strength.

Photographs of the pretty little Lzlio-cattleya X intermedio-flava, from
a plant which flowered in the collection, are also sent.

We learn that two new Orchid houses have just been erected for W. M.
Appleton, Esq., of Weston-super-Mare, by Messrs. James Crispin and Sons,
of Bristol. They are each 45ft. long by roft. wide, and fixed side by side,
an arrangement which has several advantages in its favour.

The twelfth volume of Le Jardin is dedicated to M. le Comte Oswald de
Kerchove de Denterghem, President of the Société Royale d’Agriculture et
de Botanique de Gand, and author of Le Livre des Orchidées. The dedica-
tion is accompanied by an excellent portrait.

A flower of Cattleya quadricolor alba is sent from the collection of Dr.
A. W. Hoisholt, of Stockton, California, and arrives in partially fresh con-
dition. The pedicil is inserted in a little ball of wet peat, tied up in oiled
silk, and the flower is wrapped in tissue paper before being placed in the
box, which seems an excellent method of packing, as the flower shows no
trace of mould.

A flower of Odontoglossum X Andersonianum platychilum is sent from
the collection of De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks, which is

4 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

remarkable for its short, broad lip, which is much nearer to O. crispum in
shape than to O. gloriosum. The sepals and petals are coloured like the
variety Ruckerianum.

It is interesting to note that two more of M. Ch. Vuylsteke’s seedling
Odontoglossums have reached the flowering stage, and a bloom of each has
been sent. One belongs to O. X crispo-Harryanum, and has light yellow
flowers, with the sepals aud petals and lower part of the lip much barred
and spotted with purple brown. The other belongs to O. x Rolfez and
has a whiter ground, with rather smaller and more regular spots, a more
pandurate lip and more entire column wings, as would be expected from
its O. Pescatorei parentage. Both are very beautiful.

An inflorescence of a very large and beautiful Lelio-cattleya, called
Princess of Wales, is sent from the collection of Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare
Lawn, East Sheen, by Mr. Young. It was obtained from Messrs. F..
Sander and Co., and is a seedling of continental origin and unrecorded
parentage, though Mr. Young thinks there can be little doubt of its descent
from C. Warscewiczii and a very light form of Lelia purpurata; which
would make it a variety of L.-c. x callistoglossa. The sepals and petals
are light blush-pink, while the expanded part of the lip is bright rose, paler
along the centre and round the margin, and with slightly darker veins
along the sides. One of the two flowers sent has the dorsal sepal adnate to
the back of the column, and appears to be duplicated, for there are fonr
broad petaloid wings united to the back of the column, and these are
beautifully crisped in front, where they extend beyond the adnation, giving
the flower a very striking appearance. It is a very charming form.

Flowers of the rare Oncidium Warscewiczii, the beautiful Trichopilia

brevis, and avery large scarlet form of Sophronitis grandiflora are also
enclosed. |

PERISTYLIS GLABERRIMUS AND Pp. MADAGASCARIENSIS.

Two Madagascar Orchids were describ
Holothrix glaberrima, Ridley (Journ. Linn
madagascariensis, Rolfe (1. ¢., xxix, P- 55,
them to belong to Peristylis.
S. Moore, and P. glaberrima
general habit, but is readil
well that they should be t

ed some few years ago as
- Soc., xxii, p. 125), and H.
t. 12), but re-examination shows
P. madagascariensis is allied to P. latifolia,
a much resembles P. spiralis, S. Moore, in
y distinguished by its long narrow spur. It is as
ransferred to their proper position.

Do

a ae

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 5

DIES ORCHIDIAN-.

My remarks at page 365 on the Cypripedium question have elicited several
replies from interested correspondents, who, it is not surprising to find,
take totally different views as to the expediency of adopting the new
classification. Two or three suggest that the old names should be
retained for garden purposes, whether right or wrong, while others advise
that the new names should be uniformly adopted, and then they would soon
become as familiar as the old ones. The recent remarks of Sir Joseph
Hooker are interesting in this connectionn. In the December number of
the Botanical Magazine is figured Paphiopedilum Mastersianum (t. 7629),
where the author remarks ;—‘‘ My reasons for adopting Pfitzer’s generic
name are given under t. 7573. I think they are botanically unassailable,
nevertheless I do not object to the substitution of Cypripedium for it in
common parlance.’’ One communication, however, deserves more than a
mere passing mention.

“Dear Argus,” it runs, ‘I have read your remarks about Cypripedium
with interest, and that quotation from Reichenbach is very funny, but it
does not quite exhaust the question. In the recent discussion it seems to
have been taken for granted that Linnzus intended to write ‘ Venus’s-
foot Orchids,’ but in his Philosophia Botanica he explains that he intended
‘Venus’s-slipper Orchids,’ as he distinctly uses the word ‘edion’ and
‘calceus,’ and the meaning of the latter, at all events, admits of no doubt.
‘Pedilon,’ however, not ‘pedion,’ is the correct equivalent, and you
yourself admit that ‘the rule of keeping names as they were originally
given is a good one for general purposes, if not ‘carried too far, as it easily
may be. For example, it should not prevent the correction of an obvious
blunder.’ Just so, and as Linnzus clearly intended to compare the lip of
this plant with the slipper of Venus—a pretty fancy—no serious objection
should be taken to the correction of the name into Cypripedilum, which
has a definite and unmistakable meaning. Your further remark that ‘it is
repugnant to common sense to have two methods of spelling’ I fully
endorse, but the proper course seems to be to write Cypripedilum,
Selenipedilum, Phragmipedilum and Paphiopedilum; not to contract the
latter into Paphiopedium, in order to make it agree with the others, which
are actually incorrect. The difference between the correct and incorrect
word is very slight, especially if pronounced correctly. The popular
pronunciation of ‘pedium’ with a long e (like peedium) is incorrect,
because « in Greek is always short, and ped-i-lum (or ped-il-um) sounds
better than ped-i-um (both e and i being sounded short). The other
suggestion of writing Cypripodium, &c., was surely not made seriously, and
is not correct. I think trom your remarks at page 37 of the last volume,

6 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

that you took it for granted that the derivation ‘ Venus’-foot Orchids’ was
correct, which is not the case, so that the cause of your objection to the
amended spelling disappears.”

My correspondent makes out a very good case for the amended spelling
of these names, and I find that his reference to Linnzus is correct, though
that author, like several others, got a little mixed in writing ‘‘ pedion”’ a
equivalent to ‘‘ calceus,” meaning a shoe or slipper (unless, indeed, the “i>
was dropped out by a printer’s error). I did assume, in discussing the
question (O. R., vi., p. 37), that the derivation given in the Botanical
Magazine as Venus’-foot Orchids was correct, and am not sorry to find the
case for still further alteration, into Cypripodium, &c., has vanished.
The exact meaning of my remarks is sufficiently clear, and one sentence it
may be worth while to repeat :—‘‘ The case of ‘ Paphiopedilum’ is a little
different, but the advantage of uniformity in spelling is obvious, and
considering the liberties taken with pre-existing names, I am not disposed
to quarrel with those who choose to drop the ‘l’. . . . [sega Rave
uniformity of spelling at all events” (J. c. p. 38). Perhaps now we shall
be able to get it, for, of course, my correspondent will continue to lead his
amateur friends and gentlemen of the press in the right way.

As to the idea of one name for science and another for gardens, I think
we have had enough of that already. For years, Reichenbach followed
this illogical and absurd system, in the case of a few genera, and with
most remarkable results. In 1862, he pointed out that the plant known in
gardens as Phalznopsis amabilis was not the true plant of that name,
yet he continued to use the erroneous nam
and in 1875, when describing Phalzenopsis
saying :—

e in his subsequent writings,

xX leucorrhoda we find him
“T have used in the Latin description the name of P. Aphrodite,
in the English remarks I speak of P. amabilis. The plant alluded
to is, however, the same.” He then went on to explain that Lindley had
erroneously transferred the name from the Javan to the Philippine plant,
yet it was advisable to continue the blunder “ for horticultural purposes,”
so as (will it be believed?) “not to make a terrible confusion.” And so
the blunder went on until 1886, when Rolfe gave us a revision of the
genus, in which he adopted the correct names; Messrs. Veitch, in their
Manual followed suit, and the thing was done. The biggest grumble I
remember to have seen against it came from Reichenbach himself.

In the same way arose his famous
After he had described Selenipedium as
describe the species as Cy
for science, and thus ey

“ double-barrelled nomenclature.”
a distinct genus, he continued to
pripedium for garden purposes, and Selenipedium
ery novelty was launched with a double name-—

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 7

‘“a system” as has been well remarked, ‘‘ whose absurdity must be
apparent to every one who will reflect a moment.” In the same way he
reduced Lelia to Bletia, yet he continued to describe novelties under both
genera, and several other cases could be cited of the same illogical system.

And a precious muddle is the result. No wonder Reichenbach fought
shy of those Nomenclature Conferences, the need for which he probably
did as much as any man to create. We do not want botany and
horticulture to speak in different languages, so that one cannot understand
the other, and this is what the universal adoption of the principle would
amount to. It is generally as easy to learn a correct name as an incorrect
one, and when I apply toa botanical friend for the name of some Orchid,
I prefer to have the correct one, not something which will have to be
unlearnt again in the end. Unnecessary changes I object to as strongly
as anyone, but temporary inconvenience should not prevent the adoption

of those for which good reasons can be shown.
ARGUS.

ORCHIDS OF 1808.

THE past year has again emphasised the opinion previously expressed,
that it is to the hybridist that we must chiefly look for a continual stream
of novelties, though a few new species, and distinct varieties of previously
known ones, may still be anticipated. The principal event of last year was
the flowering, in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, of the beautiful
Eulophiella Peetersiana, whose portrait was given as a frontispiece of our
last volume. Stanhopea Rodigasiana is another striking novelty, from the
same collection, which, it is curious to note, secured a First-class Certificate
from the Royal Horticultural Society. Zygopetalum Ballii is a striking
novelty from the collection of G. S. Ball, Esq. The pretty little Orchis
monophylla, a native of Upper Burma, flowered at Kew. Dendrobium
hirtulum is a curious little plant, imported with D. infundibulum, from
the collection of H. Grose Smith, Esq. Ccelogyne pulchella flowered in the
establishment of Mr. J. W. Moore. Several others, chiefly of botanical
interest, were also described, though most of them flowered for the first
time prior to 1898, and of these Cirrpopetalum appendiculatum is the most
remarkable. Others are noted at pages 302-305 of our last volume.
Lissochilus arenarius, which has been known to science for so many years,
has at last appeared in cultivation, in the collection of M. le Duc de Massa.

Among varieties of existing species may be mentioned the very beautiful
Odontoglossum crispum Prince of Wales, from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.,
which was figured at page 337, of our last volume. Dendrobium nobile

8 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Ashworthianum, from the collection of E. Ashworth, Esq.,; which, like the
preceding, secured a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. A curious
variegated form of D. nobile was recorded from two different collections.
Then there is Cypripedium insigne Measuresiz, a remarkable variety from
the collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., Cattleya Bowringiana Lady Wigan,
from the collection of Sir Frederick Wigan, and a few others.

Coming to the hybrids, we must first notice the remarkable achievement
of M. Ch. Vuylsteke, in flowering three hybrid Odontoglossums within the
year, namely: O. xX loochristiense, O. x crispo-Harryanum, and O. X
Rolfez. M. Vuylsteke must be congratulated on his success. The second,
which is scarcely the most beautiful, secured a First-class Certificate at the
Temple Show. A similar award went to the splendid Cattleya X Maroni,
of M. Ch. Maron, who also raised Lelio-cattleya x intermedio-flava.
Dendrobium xX formoso-Lowii and Cypripedium X Argo-Morganiz, were
raised in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, each of which secured an
Award of Merit, and the former is particularly interesting, as extending the
area of the hybridist’s operations. Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, the pioneers
of Orchid hybridisation, have again made some choice additions to the list,
among which we may mention Lelio-cattleya x lencasta, Epidendrum xX
Phoebus, E. X radicanti-Stamfordianum, and Epicattleya xX radiato-
Bowringiana, Phalznopsis X Cassandra, P. x Stuartiano-Mannii, Cattleya
X Gertrude, C. x Ella, Masdevallia x Imogen, M. X Circe, Cypripeditm
X Rothschildiano-villosum, and others, which we have not space to
enumerate. Paphiopedium x Rowena, P. x Mahlere, P. x Lily
Measures, and P. x J. Coles, are handsome additions from the collection
of R. H. Measures, Esq. P. x westoniense, from the collection of W.
M. Appleton, Esq., is interesting as the first artificial hybrid from P.
Appletonianum. Sophrocattleya x Chamberlainii is a handsome hybrid
from the collection of the Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., and S. x G.
Hardy another from the collection of F. Hardy, Esq. Cattleya x Thorntoni
is a very handsome hybrid from the collection of T. W. Thornton, Esq.
Epilelia x Charlesworth was raised by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., and
Paphiopedium x Chamber-Leeanum, by M. Ed, Pynaert. Phains x
Norman is a great acquisition from the collection of N. C. Cookson, Esq.,
and Lycaste x Ballie an interesting addition from the collection of G.
S. Ball, Esq. A particularly noteworthy event js that artificially raised
plants of Lelio-cattleya x Schilleriana have flowered, both with Messrs.
Charlesworth & Co., and with M. Ch.
which has long been assigned to it.

The above does not by any means exhaust the list, but it contains the
more striking novelties, and suffices to show the marked advance which
has been made within the year.

Maron, proving the parentage

THE ORCHID REVIEW. oe

OBITUARY.

Ir is with deep regret that we have to announce the death, early in Decem-
ber last, of Major-General Emeric S. Berkeley, of Bitterne, near Southamp-
ton, in his sixty-fifth year. The deceased, who was the son of the eminent
fungologist, the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, served for many years in the Indian
army, during which time he paid great attention to Indian Orchids and the
natural conditions under which they grow. The results of his observations
were afterwards communicated to the press in a series of articles, the most
important of which were contributed to our own pages under the title
** Notes on Orchids in the Jungle.” This series of articles relating to
Dendrobium, Phalznopsis, Aérides, and allied genera of popular garden
Orchids, ran through our first three volumes, and is worth re-perusal, being
crowded with interesting details, which show that the deceased gentleman
was a keen observer, and possessed the faculty of recording his observations
in avery attractive way. We may repeat a paragraph in illustration of
this :—‘‘ Phaleenopsis tetraspis is a plant specially worth noting. We have
not yet in England seen large plants of it, as, unfortunately, the large
plants will not travel, and only the small ones reach England alive. But it
is a beautiful plant in its native home. I myself saw in the South Andaman
a plant which was many years old, the main stem bearing enormous leaves,
quite three feet long. This plant had a progeny of children growing on the
old flower-stems, and these plants again had produced other flower-stems
which were also bearing plants. The whole plant was a mass of bloom,
the original plant, the children, and the grand-children, all blooming at one
and the same time. There were certainly at least one hundred spikes in
flower at the same time on practically a single plant. This plant was quite
a sight, and, as I did not gather it, I, on several occasions, took parties of
officers up the creek to see it” (supra, i., p. 209.) This plant and the allied
P. speciosa were originally introduced: by General Berkeley, in 1881. He
also introduced the pretty Sarcochilus Berkeleyi, Aérides Emerici, Den-
drobium formosum Berkeleyi, and one or two others. On retiring, he com-
menced the cultivation of these beautiful plants, which he continued with
great success up to the time of his death. His work was not absolutely
confined to Orchids, nor will his name be remembered in connection with
them alone, for it is immortalised in Emericella, a genus of Fungi, which
he discovered in India, and sent home to his father, who named it after him.
But it was the annals of Orchidology that were chiefly enriched by him,
and in this connection his memory will long be cherished with gratitude by
lovers of these beautiful plants. A note on one of his hybrids appears on the
following page.

ke) THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ODONTOGLOSSUM x WILCKEANUM FLAVEOLUM.

A VERY pretty Odontoglossum is figured at t. 43 of the Orchid A lbum under
the name of O.crispum flaveolum, Rchb. f. A very similar form has
appeared in the collection of R. Brooman White, Esq., of Arddarroch,
but a comparison with the numerous forms of O. X Wilckeanum shows
so many points of resemblance as to leave little doubt that it also belongs
to this polymorphic hybrid. The general resemblance to O. crispum, and
the total absence of spots, has probably led to its being considered a yellow
form of that species, but the shape of the lip, the lateral teeth of the crest;
the more toothed column wings, as well as the shape and ground colour of
the sepals and petals, all show an approach to O. luteopurpureum. Indeed,
it is nearer to O. X Wilckeanum sulphureum, Rchb. f., than to O. crispum,
and I suspect that all the so-called yellow forms of O. crispum are of
hybrid origin.
RA

THE HYBRIDIST.
EPIDENDRUM X BERKELEYI.

AT page 321 of Hansen’s Orchid Hybrids the following note occurs :—
‘ Epidendrum X ? (Stamfordianum ? X O’Brienianum). Under raising
with Berkeley, Southampton, 1895. In lit. May 5, ‘96... The plant has
now flowered, and Mr. J. Godfrey, Orchid grower to the late General
Berkeley, has now sent the infloresence and a leaf, together with the
following additional information :—‘‘ In its habit of growth it is much like
E. X O'Brienianum, but dwarfer and stouter, the growth from which this
raceme was cut being about a foot high, and the leaf is also thicker. The
seed was sown in 1895; several germinated, but only this one made any
progress. If you think it distinct from Messrs. Veitch’s hybrid, E. X
radicanti-Stamfordianum, I should like you to call it after my late master,
General Berkeley.” The hybrids certainly bear a good deal of resemblance
to each other, owing to their common descent from E. Stamfordianum,
but they are not identical, the much darker colour of the present one
being particularly noticeable, and this, of course, is due to the pollen
parent being half evectum and half radicans, instead of wholly the latter,
and we are quite justified in adopting the above name. The flowers
combine the characters of the two parents, having the dark purple-red
colour almost of the pollen parent, with the shape of lip of the seed bearer,
while in other respects they are fairly intermediate. The raceme at
present bears about ten flowers, but the plant has obviously not yet
reached its normal development, being scarcely over three years old. Kt
will be interesting to see the future development of the plant, for E. X

THE ORCHID REVIEW. Ii

O’brienianum requires a large amount of room, and E. Stamfordianum |
should exert a dwarfing influence.
PAPHIOPEDIUM X SIMONII VAR. ACTENS.

A handsome hybrid has been sent from the collection of Norman C.
Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne, by Mr. Murray, which was
raised from P. X Leeanum @ and P. insigne Sandere g, and thus must
rank as a variety of P. X Simonii, in which P. insigne Chantini was the
pollen parent. How far the two differ we cannot say, not having seen the
original form, but the present one shows the influence of both parents. It
might be described as an unusually yellow Leeanum, with many rather
small spots on the’ dorsal sepal, and a rather nearer approach to insigne in
shape. Thus the peculiar character of insigne Sandere is to a great
extent lost, though some of the colour remains. It is, however, very
beautiful, and, with P. x Leeanum, will rank as among the best of winter-
Howering hybrids. Two flowers are sent, one of which is remarkable for
having the staminode replaced by a slender filament over half an inch long.
Messrs. Veitch have previously raised the same cross.

CURIOSITIES OF ORCHID BREEDING.
A VERY interesting article entitled ‘‘ Curiosities of Orchid breeding ” by Mr.
C. C. Hurst, appears in Nature for December 22nd last (pp. 178-181). It is
largely a summary of the author’s paper on the same subject in the Journal
of the Royal Horticultural Soctety, with the addition of some interesting
speculations respecting natural hybrids, which we here reproduce :—
*“ NATURAL Hysrips.”’

‘The existence of natural hybrids was formerly thought by some
naturalists to be highly improbable, if not actually impossible. But now,
when absolute facsimiles of supposed natural hybrids have been raised by
hand in gardens, from the same two species among which they naturally
grow, they can no longer be regarded as pious speculations, but are indeed
accomplished facts. The number of proved natural hybrids in Orchids
alone is now very considerable, with the result that many intermediate and
doubtful forms, hitherto claSsed as distinct species, are now placed in their
proper position as natural hybrids. Mr. R. A. Rolfe, of Kew, has done
yeoman service in reducing the chaos of natural hybrid Orchids to something
like order. And so it has come to pass that artificial hybridisation, which
it was supposed would lead systematic botany into the direst confusion, by
the irony of Fate, seems destined to be the only trustworthy means of
saving systematic botany from its own confusion; and the systematist, how-
ever orthodox he may be, can no longer afford to ignore artificial hybrids.”
—~-ty Coy Ps 160,

12 THE ORCHID REVIEW. :

“EVOLUTION OF SPECIES BY NATURAL HYBRIDISATION.”

“The experimental demonstration of natural hybrids shows clearly that
intercrossing between different species is carried on in a state of nature, to
a far greater extent than was formerly supposed ; and_ the comparative
fertility of these natural hybrids would be of vital importance to them in
their struggle for life.

“If, as seems highly probable from . .. experiments with Orchids,
it is the pollen only of hybrids that is impaired, and the capacity of the
hybrid to bear seed crossed with the pollen of pure species remains practically
unimpaired, it is quite clear that the natural hybrid has a part to play in the
evolution of new species.

““As we have already seen, hybridisation tends to increase variation,
especially beyond the first generation, and, naturally, the more variable the

offspring the better fitted would they be to adapt themselves to changed
conditions of life.

“Tf the circumstances changed rapidly and considerably, the variable
offspring of the hybrids would stand a better chance in the struggle for life
than the more uniform offspring of the parent species, which were themselves
specially adapted to the old conditions. In this way, as conditions changed,
new species would be evolved more {fitted to the new conditions of life than
the old species, which they would gradually replace, and I venture to
suggest that natural hybridisation is the most rapid of nature’s means
towards that end.”—J. ¢., p. 181.

LALIAS AND CATTLEYAS.

Pror. HENSLow, on Tuesday last, in his lecture at the Drill Hall, drew
attention to the many points of similarity that exist between Lzlias and
Cattleyas, and to the ease with which they have been crossed with each
other. The fact that in one case there are four pollen-masses, and in the
other eight was not considered sufficient to justify a generic difference in
the classification.—Gard. Chron., Dec. 17, p. 440.

Will Prof. Henslow say what is sufficient? After uniting Cattleya and
Lelia, how will he distinguish the new genus from Epidendrum and
Broughtonia, on the one hand, and from Sophronitis, Schomburgkia,
Brassavola and Tetramicra, on the other? And, if the number of pollen-
masses is not to be taken into consideration in classifying Orchids, how
does he propose to separate Octomeria from Pleurothallis, and both from
Restrepia? Many genera of Orchids are big enough and difficult enough
to classify without ignoring what is certainly a very useful character for this
purpose. Pro. Henslow had much better leave Cattleya and Lelia where
they are at present.

RK. A. K,

.
|
|

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 13

PAPHIOPEDIUM x RICHMANII.

A flower of a particularly beautiful hybrid is sent from the collection of
Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, and one which has been
already mentioned in these pages under the name of Cypripedium xX
barbato-bellum. Mr. White remarks, “ it is the best shaped flower and the
richest in colour which we have seen of this section,’ and in this we concur.
The dorsal sepal is almost uniform deep claret-purple, the nerves being
slightly darker, and a very narrow margin slightly paler. The lip is darker,
and the petals paler, with only a very small green area close to the column,
and the whole covered with mnumerable minute blackish purple dots.
Now comes the question what it ought to be called. Charles Richman is
the earliest name for this hybrid, but the rules of the Royal Horticultural
Society Nomenclature Committee require that this should be modified into
Richmanii. On the other hand, the Laws of Botanical Nomenclature
adopted at Paris, provide that hybrids of known parentage should be named
after their parents, the name of the pollen parent being placed first.
This would give bellatulo-barbatum, but many horticulturists have modified
the rule so as to place the seed parent first. This latter rule has proved
unworkable except for primary hybrids, and therefore it seems preferable to
adopt uniformly the Paris rule for hybrids of unknown parentage, namely,
to give a specific name, together with a cross, which is the symbol of
hybridity. It seems now to be agreed that the plant does not belong to
Cypripedium proper, and these reasons are adduced in justification of the
name above adopted. We think this surpasses even the one called William
Lloyd in richness of colouring—certainly it surpasses the one figured at
page 177 of our third volume; also a flower which we are fortunately able
to compare with it in a living state. Those who have very dark forms of
C. bellatulum and C. barbatum should make further experiments,

14 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Sophronitis grandiflora X Cattleya Schroedere. Pollinated April 5, 1896 4
Capsule opened April 10, 1897. Seeds germinating. 4
Phragmipedium x Sedeni X Paphiopedium insigne. Pollinated Nov. 28, =
1896. Capsule opened April 16, 1897. 50 per cent. good seeds. 4
Cypripedium Calceolus x Phragmipedium xX Sedeni. Pollinated March —
18, 1897. Capsule opened Aug. 15th, 1897. 166 good seeds. |
Paphiopedium Exul x Cypripedium Calceolus. Pollinated April 16, 1897+ 4 1
Capsule opened Noy. 18, 1897, 597 good seeds. ei
Paphiopedium Lawrenceanum xX Phragmipedium x Sedeni. Pollinated —
May 28, 1897. Capsule opened Dec. 4, 1897. A few good seeds. a
Oncidium incurvum X Odontoglossum crisbum. Pollinated Aug. IT, 1897. q :
Capsule opened April 25, 1898. 2 capsules, hundreds of good seeds.
Paphiopedium insigne X Phragmipedium xX Sedeni. Pollinated Dec. 13)
1897. Capsule opened Aug. 14, 1898. A few good seeds. =
(2) CAPSULES FULLY DEVELOPED, OPENED NATURALLY, BUT NO SEEDS. — a
Lycaste Skinneri X Lelia anceps. Pollinated Feb. 15, 1897. Capsules 4
opened March 10, 1898. A few chaffy ovules.
Lycaste Skinneri X Lelia glauca. Pollinated March 16, 1897. Capsule
opened March 25, 1898. A few chaffy ovules.
Cattleya citrina X Sophronitis grandiflora. Pollinated April 14, 1897.
Capsule opened Oct. 31, 1897. Many chaffy ovules. ;
Angraecum sesquipedale xX Lelia purpurata. Pollinated May 9, 1897.
Capsule opened July 31, 1897. Full of cottony fibres.
_Paphiopedium insigne xX Odontoglossum crispum. Pollinated Nov. 18,
1897. Capsule opened Oct. 8, 1898. A few chaffy ovules. 4
Angraecum sesquipedale x Vanda tricolor. Pollinated Jan. 1, 1898. a
Capsule opened May 25, 1898. Many cottony fibres. 2
(3) CAPSULES PARTLY FORMED.

Ada aurantiaca X Leelia glauca. Pollinated March 16, 1897- .
Capsule dropped April 12, 1897. x
Cattleya Mossie x Angraecum sesquipedale. Pollinated May 9, 1897:

Capsule dropped July 1, 1897.

Dendrobium Phalzenopsis X Odontoglossum nobile. Pollinated July 12, 1897.
Capsule dropped July 20, 1897.

Epidendrum cochleatum x Dendrobium Phalenopsis. Pollinated July 12;
1897. Capsule dropped August 8, 1897.

Epidendrum cochleatum xX Odontoglossum nobile. Pollinated July 18,
1897. Capsule dropped August 7. tou,

Epidendrum cochleatum X QOdontoglossum crispum. Pollinated July 25,
1897. Capsule dropped August 9, 1897. ;

Epidendrum cochleatum x Odontoglossum crispum. Pollinated August |
1, 1897. Capsule dropped August 25, 1897. _

THE ORCHID REVIEW. eee 5

}.pidendrum fragrans xX Odontoglossum crispum. Pollinated June 29,
1898. Capsule dropped August 3, 1898.

Cattleya Leopoldi x Dendrobium Phalenopsis. Pollinated July 12, 1897.
Capsule dropped July 24, 1897.

Epidendrum fragrans X Cattleya Mendelii. Pollinated June 29, 1898.
Capsule dropped Aug. 3, 1898.

(4) FAILED TO SET CAPSULES.

Lelia anceps xX Lycaste Skinneri. Pollinated Feb. 15, 1897. Flower
faded in 11 days.

Lelia glauca X Lelia harpoyhylla. Pollinated March 1€, 1897. Flower
faded in 8 days.

Lelia glauca X Sophronitis grandiflora. Pollinated March 16, 1897.
Flower faded in 8 days.

Dendrobium Phalenopsis (2 fl.) X Cattleya Leopoldi. Pollinated July
12, 1897. Column withered, pollen*fresh.

Paphiopedium insigne X Cattleya Bowringiana. Pollinated Nov. 18, 1897.
Pollen dried up, flower fresh.

Paphiopedium insigne X Dendrobium formosum. Pollinated Noy. 18,
1897. Pollen rotted stigma away.

Epidendrum iragans (2 fl.) X Dendrobium Phalznopsis. Pollinated June
29, 1898. Column withered, pollen fresh. ~

_Epidendrum fragrans (2 fl.) X Dendrobium Dearei. Pollinated June 29,
1898. Column withered, pollen fresh.

Epidendrum fragrans (3 fl.) X Paphiopedium niveum. Pollinated June
29, 1898. Column withered, pollen decayed.

C, C. AURsT.

———— —— 4+

DENDROBIUM FINDLAYANUM PROLIFEROUS.

A plant of Dendrobium Findlayanum in the collection of O. O. Wrigley,
Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, is flowering in a remarkably abnormal way. The
racemes are produced in the usual way, but the buds are globose, about
one-eighth of an inch in diameter, and the segments are represented by
small green scales surrounding the abortive column, and refuse to develop
further. Mr. Wrigley thought the spikes were deformed until he examined
several with a lens, and found that all the parts of the flower were present,
though very minute. Last year they were perfectly identical in character,
but the plant seems perfectly healthy and normal in other respects. It was
purchased as an imported piece with other plants of D. Findlayanum, and
is instructive in connection with the development of an Orchid flower,
though, from a decorative point, it has nothing to recommend it.

: R. A. K.

4 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

~
r
~

PAPHIOPEDIUM SEED AND THE TIME TO SOW IT.

Under the above heading, a table was given in the Orchid Review for
January last (page 7), showing the result of sowing Paphiopedium seed in
the various months throughout a series of years, 1892 to 1897 inclusive.
As sowings up to the very end of December, 1897, were included, this
table was necessarily incomplete, further successes being practically certain.
Another twelve months having now passed, I think it may reasonably be
brought to a conclusion, for any further discoveries would not be likely to
materially alter the position.

During the year 1898, my gardener, Mr. Thomas J. Poyntz, has shown
me 46 new batches of Paphiopedium seedlings, 29 of which are the results
of sowings prior to the 1st January, 1898. If these further successes are
added to the old list, a revised table should read as follows :—

Table showing the number of, successful sowings of Paphiopedium seed,

during the months specified, in the years 1892 to 1897 inclusive.

January 72 sowings 28 batches of seedlings.
Fepmmary. 24. ? ‘3
March ao 6 i
April iy Z es
May Thc by eee
June FO eg 2 "
July 13 us Oey
August 31 va 4 ”
September 33 __,, 7 os
October 44, 13 s
November 99 _,, 24 .
December 102 . 38

This seems to confirm the opinion previously expressed: that the winter
months are not in any way detrimental to the sowing of Paphiopedium
seed. The percentage of success is somewhat improved, and I am happy to
state that the improvement belongs chiefly to the last three years, the 46
batches in one year being the best result I have yet obtained, the average
sowings being 116 per annum for the years 1895, 1896, and 1897.

If I may be permitted to offer an opinion as to the cause of greater
success, I would attribute it to the fact that, for the last few years, I have
invariably sown the seed on recently potted plants, the materials used being
the best sphagnum moss and Orchid peat obtainable. Under these circum-
stances, the compost remains sweet and fresh for a considerable period, and
not only do the seedlings come up in a healthier condition, but I am enabled
to leave them on their original bed until they have gained sufficient strength
to better stand removal. REGINALD YOUNG.

ia aaa TSP od lee an ae

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:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 17

A GROUP OF WINTER-BLOOMING PAPHIOPEDIUMS.
THE accompanying illustration represents a very beautiful group of winter-
blooming Paphiopediums from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq.,
Bridge Hall, Bury, and is reproduced from an excellent photograph taken by

I. SANDERA,

7 paul ce

P. INSIGNE ERNESTII.
6: P, ce MINOS.

xX ARTHURIANUM.

<x LEEANUM GIGANTEUM.
BPs
TITYUS.

.

eS
SPICERIANUM.

FiG.

bo

Miss Wrigley, who is a very accomplished photographer, and has helped to
adorn the pages of the Review on more than one previous occasion. | Before
describing them individually, we would remark that groups of this kind

18 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

have a special interest, for it is sometimes possible not only to include
closely allied hybrids which flower at the same time, but also one or both
parents, and as all are necessarily represented upon precisely the same
scale, they can be much better compared than when taken under varying
conditions. Miss Wrigley must be complimented both upon her artistic
arrangement of the group, and on the clearness with which the details of
each flower are brought out. The flowers are represented slightly under a
third natural size, the dorsal sepal of P. xX Minos, here shown as 3-inch
broad, being exactly 22 inches in the living flower.

P. X LEEANUM GIGANTEUM (fig. 1) is represented by the four uppermost
flowers, and is the finest form known of this beautiful hybrid. It was raised
by Messrs. Heath and Son, of Cheltenham, from P. Spicerianum ¢ and a
fine form of P. insigne, and first flowered in the autumn of 1890. It has
fewer purple spots on the dorsal sepal than many other forms, and these
are chiefly arranged along the median line.

P. INSIGNE ERNEsTII (fig. 2) is seen in the next flower to the right. It
differs slightly from P. i. Sanderz (beneath it) in shape, the dorsal sepal
being rather rounder, and the yellow area bears some indistinct spots which
are absent from the other. The petals also are more distinctly reticulated,
though in other respects it comes very near to the variety Sander. It
first appeared in the collection of R. I. Measures, Esq., of Camberwell,
and was described at page 362 of our first volume.

P. SPICERIANUM MAGNIFICUM (fig. 3) appears on the left of the lower
row of flowers, and is a fine variety of the species, which Mr. Wrigley
remarks is the finest which he has seen. This species has been a most
popular one with hybridists, and it is interesting to note that it was the
seed parent of three of the hybrids here figured: P. X Leeanum giganteum
(fig. 1), P. x Tityus (fig. 4), and P. X Minos (fig. 6).

P. X Tityus (fig. 4), which comes next, is a very beautiful secondary
hybrid, which was raised by Messrs. James Veitch and Sons from
P. Spicerianum ¢? and P. X cenanthum superbum 2, and first flowered in
the autumn of 1892. Its parentage is therefore rather complex, and an
analysis shows Spicerianum 4, insigne 4, and villosum and barbatum each 4.

P. X ARTHURIANUM (fig. 5), which occupies the centre of the lower
row, is one of Messrs. Veitch’s early hybrids, and owes its origin to the
intercrossing of P. insigne ¢ and the rare P. Fairrieanum ¢, a single
seedling only being obtained, which flowered in the autumn of 1874. It is
unmistakably intermediate between its parents, and though not brilliant in
colour, the shape and markings are very elegant. It is one of the parents
of the succeeding hybrid. It was figured at page 305 of our first volume.

P. X Minos (fig. 6) comes next, and was also raised by Messrs. Veitch, —
the parents being P, Spicerianum ¢ and P. x Arthurianum 3. It

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 19

flowered for the first time in the autumn of 1893. It is a noble looking
hybrid, combining the characters of its parents better than would appear
at the first glance, for the similarity to P. Spicerianum in the shape of the
dorsal sepal is lost owing to the way the latter is reflexed at the sides.
The influence of the other parent is seen in the markings and in the
modified shape of the petals and staminode.

P. X INSIGNE SANDER (fig. 7), the last figure on the right, is too
familiar to require further comment, having twice previously been figured
in these pages (ii. p. 41, and vi., p. 17), but its inclusion in the present
group enables it to be compared with the allied variety Ernestii in a very
effective way.

Should any of our readers care to experiment with groups of this kind it
would be useful to note the size and arrangement of the present one, and
that the reduction to one-third natural size still shows plenty of character.
In this way some of the allied hybrids with their parents can be very
graphically represented. Lastly, the background should always be selected
so as to form a good contrast with the flowers.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

WINTER-BLOOMING Orchids are now a large, and, thanks to the efforts of
the hybridist, a constantly increasing class ; and a glance through our
houses during the Christmas holidays reveals a wealth of bloom which would
have surprised our compeers of a generation ago. Even the species which
were then grown are now in several cases represented by a series of brilliant
varieties which had not then made their appearance, while the hybrids
were both few in numbers, and only represented in a few collections.
Conversely, a few other species were then more generally grown than at
present, but in the main they have been displaced by showier species, and
their disappearance is therefore the less to be regretted.

Perhaps the most popular of the species now in flower is Lelia anceps
and its numerous beautiful varieties, ranging as they do through shades of
purple and pink to white, with a considerable amount of variation in shape,
and in the markings on the lip. The numerous varieties were collected and
described at pages 50-53 of our fourth volume. Scarcely less beautiful is
L. autumnalis, though owing to the slight amount of variation it is not
nearly so popular. The dark variety atrorubens, and the chaste variety
alba are both distinct and good. L. albida is much smaller, but very
floriferous, and its variety sulphurea is very pretty and novel in colour.

The Calanthes are equally brilliant, and owing to the absence of fog

20 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

have been particularly effective this season. The crossing of C.-vestita and ~

its varieties with C. rosea and labrosa has resulted in a series of beautiful

forms ranging from pure white to deep carmine-crimson, which it would —

take some space to enumerate. Zygopetalum intermedium is now carrying
several noble spikes of large and very fragrant flowers, and is a long way

the most effective of the genus, besides being of the easiest possible culture.

Epidendrum ciliare is now flowering very freely, and its beautifully fringed
white lip contrasts very effectively with the green sepals and petals. As it is

of robust habit it would probably be worth while to cross it with some of ]
the brilliantly coloured Cattleyas and Lelias. Crossed with Lelia anceps It

yielded the beautiful Epilzlia x Hardyana, and there is also the pretty
little Epidendrum Wallisio-ciliare, so that there is every reason why further
experiments should be made. E. fragrans is a very old and floriferous
garden plant, whose flowers are very fragrant, and last for weeks in per-

fection. This also might be utilised as a seed parent. Cymbidium grandi-
florum is now flowering well.

Scarcely are Dendrobium formosum and Phalznopsis over before the

winter flowering species begin, and foremost among them must be mentioned

the pretty little D. moniliforme (japonicum) and its charming hybrids, D. X
endocharis, X euosmum, and x Cassiope. A pseudobulb of the latter,
sent by Mr. Cypher, is

are set off to great ad

others are progressing rapidly towards the flowering stage.

Oncidium varicosum is flowering in pro-
O. ornithorhynchum and cheirophorum.
harming little Masdevallia x Hincksiana,
yellow, and change to ivory white, giving
-like appearance, especially when the two
duncle.

which flower at this season. A fine series of
m by Mr. James Cypher, who writes that he
has over two thousand blooms open. Eight forms of P. insigne, and a
similar series of P. x Leeanum, show the range of variation in a very
striking way, very conspicuous among the latter being the massive variety
giganteum, Other forms are P. X Arthurianum, splendidly developed, X

these is sent from Cheltenha

, a alle
et Sepapuaeiaeal

ee eae es ae aN ik ake aot is bal ae
ae Mea fe EE RS SN a He ig fet Sa a reer ee iy anc Gk ee Sth Aamir nme auary eR Pee ct eB
ae
Neth TS Se; ei geen 2

literally wreathed with its pure white flowers, which —
vantage by a deep crimson blotch at the base of |

and O. retusum, which quite
it lacks in size. The allied |
» and Sophronitis grandiflora is now

THE ORCHID REVIEW. at

Moensii with brilliantly coloured dorsal sepal, the beautiful P. x Ceres
Fascinator, and the very richly coloured X William Lloyd, which has been
out for two months, and received a F. C. C. at the Manchester Chrysanthe-
mum Show. Flowers of Dendrobium Phalenopsis, Vanda cerulea,
Oncidium Kramerianum, and others show that there is no lack of flowers at
this season, and that many of them are highly suited for cutting for
decorative purposes.

HYBRIDISING AT BURY.

THE enclosed particulars of my hybridising work during the past year may
be of interest. For some reason the year has not been favourable to the
germination of the seeds, as much seed that was sown has not germinated
at all. The following is a list of crosses among Cypripedes, sown in 1898,
from which seedlings have already appeared. I may explain that the names
in the first column represent the seed-parent, and those in the second the
pollen-parent, while the numbers in the third column represent the seedlings
now alive :—

x Ashburtonize _ crossed with Lawrenceanum atrorubens 17
barbatum » bellatulum zy
bellatulum ¥3 » Lawrenceanum atrorubens' 1
callosum splendens s ,, Villosum giganteum 18
Curtisii - » bellatulum 15
X Harrisianum superbum _,, » Rothschildianum 2
insigne ornatum » . 9, & cenanthum superbum II
» Wrigleyanum . » »& Arthurianum I

x Io grande a » ™& Harrisianum superbum I
x Lathamianum roseum . » ™& Lucienianum 2
x Leeanum burfordiense __,, » & Harrisianum superbum 4
superbum if » Boxallii atratum 3

‘; ns - » Charlesworthii 4

xX Swanianum i », Exul magnificum 18
tonsum ‘5 » ™& Harrisianum superbum 4

xX Wallaertianum Chamberlainianum I

The hybrids are raised from the finest varieties which I possess, or could
obtain pollen from, so that there should be some good blooms among them,
if they live to bloom.

Bridge Hall,
Bury.

bes

©; U.- WRIGLEY.

22 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JANUARY.

By H. A. BURBERRY, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

THE temperatures for the month should be maintained as near as is possible
to the following figures :—
Cool house: Day, 55°; night, 50°; morning, 45°.
Intermediate or Cattleya house: Day, 60°; night, 55°; morning, 50-
East Indian house or Stove: Day, 65°; night, 60°; morning, 55° :
The above figures are given asa guide for the grower to work to. I
know that it is not always possible to maintain the thermometer exactly to a

stated degree, nor indeed is it necessary for the welfare of the plants. Let @

the above be a guide, allowing the temperatures to fluctuate five degrees
above or below, according to the conditions of the weather outside.

Coot HousE.—This department is one that can be described as ue
ordinary Greenhouse, having sufficient hot water arrangements to maintain
a temperature of not less than 40 degrees during severe weather, and which
should be kept rather more shady and moist during the summer months
than that in which ordinary Greenhouse plants are grown. Having said
this, I have said all. What, then, is there to prevent the merest amateur
from growing Cool Orchids if he feels disposed to do so? The cost in

management is plainly nothing more than that of the most common of

plants, while the cost in procuring Orchids in these days of enormous com:
petitive importations can almost be said to be on the same level. This
Cool Orchid house should, during this month, give but little trouble as
regards damping, watering, &c. If the thermometer is maintained at about
the figures given, water distribution for the purpose of causing a moist
atmosphere need not take place more than once daily, and in mild damp
weather even this may not be necessary. The plants should all, without
exception, be kept on the dry side—that is to say, let the compost get pretty
dry before giving water. It is not possible to say how often a plant should
receive water, because so much depends on the size of the pot, and the
corresponding amount of compost about the roots. Again, one house may
naturally dry up more quickly than another. Therefore, I will say in the
old and somewhat vague language, water just sufficient to maintain plump-
ness in the pseudobulbs. Give air on all occasions when the outside
conditions permit, for if one thing more than another is conducive to the
keeping of Orchids in a sound and healthy state, it is fresh, pure air
administered in such a manner as to cause no draughts. Cool Orchids
mostly prefer to be shaded from direct sunshine when it has much power,
but no shading whatever should be employed this month. Although
requiring shade in hot weather, they are nevertheless light loving plants, and
should therefore be grown as near the roof-glass as it is convenient to place

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 23

them. A plant well exposed to the light will not become drawnand weakly,
making, perhaps, long, green leaves which are unable to support their own
weight. On the contrary, they will be robust and sturdy, and of about the
same proportions as that of the growth made in their natural habitat. Plants
so grown will not only bear looking at, but will also bear a considerable
amount of what gardeners term hardy rough treatment with uopauity,
seeming to revel therein.

A good many inmates of this department will now be showing their
flower spikes for blooming at a later date. Amongst them will be
Odontoglossum crispum, O. triumphans, O. Hallii, O. luteopurpureum,
O. polyxanthum, and O. Pescatorei, but the mere fact of these showing
their flowering spikes need not prompt the cultivator to alter the treatment
one iota. They should still receive the same cool and airy treatment, and
still be kept moderately short of water at the root; they will then come
along slowly but surely, and make a finer show when they bloom, inasmuch
as the blooms will be of a better quality than would result if any forcing
tactics were followed. It is just at this period that slugs and yellow thrip
area particular nuisance. They discover the young tender spikes and will
soon devour or permanently disfigure them unless prevented from doing so.
‘With the judicious help of Richardson’s X.L. all vapour insecticide, thrip
should really be no trouble whatever, but in spite of this boon one may
often see Odontoglossum spikes totally destroyed by the depredations of
these pests. Should there be any fear whatever, I strongly advise the use
of Fowler’s tobacco powder. This should be sprinkled down the axils of
the leaves, and no thrip will there exist. So likewise should the spike,
after it has emerged from the axils, be dusted over at intervals ; this acts as
a preventive, and prevention is better than cure. It also acts asa great
preventive against attacks by slugs, snails, aphides, &c.

The flower spikes of several other species will be further advanced, in
fact, some few may already be in bloom, whilst others are fast approaching
that state. Amongst these will be found Odontoglossum gloriosum, O.
odoratum, O. X Andersonianum and its varieties, Ruckerianum and
hebraicum. As regards the watering of these last-named kinds, or any
other species that may be in a like condition, I may say that the supply
should be somewhat increased. Very weakly plants should, of course, not
be allowed to bear a spike, or they will suffer greatly by shrivelling, no
matter how much water they receive. Strong plants will yield their harvest
of bloom without showing any signs of stress whatever, but they should,
of course, be given rather more water as they grow and develop, otherwise
we all know that the plant would suffer, no matter how strong it may be.

_ Several complaints have recently reached me of the flower buds, and
sometimes the whole spikes, of some of the above-mentioned species turning

24 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

yellow and failing to come to perfection. It also happens amongst mi
own, and I believe similar cases occur in every collection. To say why this |
should occur is no €asy matter, though I believe it must not always be por
down to wrong or neglectful treatment. I have oftimes noticed this |

bulbs have completed their growth, and therefore before the latter have ‘

become in the least matured or ripened. The spikes so thrown seem to

STOW very quickly, but to be sappy and tender, rendering them susceptible
to injury from the slightest check. Therefore

also noticed among the crispums that those
their flower spikes in this manner are invariably the poorest of the poor
varieties. Should the buds on a spike whic

ising from water coming in contact with the hot water ~
Failing any of these causes, he shoul
S of red spider or thrip, both of which

species, and js just now
abundance. This is probab

under glass. I have known other Cool Species to perish from cold, but

It is certainly best grown suspended,
because it greatly appreciates an airy position.

much less water at the roots at all seasons than
most other species, And, thirdly,

plants which so quickly produce —

Eee! Va) RAS oe Ree epee i:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 25

Odontoglossum Cervantesii is another lovely, chaste little thing, and
fully repays the grower for treating it well. In fact, unless it is well
cultivated, it appears more or less weak and miffy, but when properly grown,
and the plants producing three or four spikes from a 2}-inch pan, each
spike bearing from three to five flowers, it is exceedingly pretty and
attractive. It should be treated exactly as the preceding species, O.
Rossii.

Another most popular and showy species is Sophronitis grandiflora,
which I always like to see in bloom by January, even if a little extra
warmth has to be given during the autumn; otherwise, the season of its
growth is retarded—a matter which is best avoided if possible. After the
blooms are over, it will remain inactive for some few weeks before it
recommences to grow, during which time it should be kept pretty dry at
the root. No great delay, however, will take place before new roots and
the new breaks are seen to make their appearance, at which time all the
re-potting considered necessary should be done. The less delay the better
after that period. This, also, is best grown in small baskets and pans, and
suspended, and when so grown and carefully watered should require root
disturbance only at intervals of several years or when they have actually
out-grown their receptacles.

INTERMEDIATE, CATTLEYA, AND MEXICAN HOUSES.— These are
‘practically, for all intents and purposes, one and the same house, and, during
winter, must necessarily receive the same management, because of the
small amount of sunshine. During the summer, of course, it is a different
thing. It is then very useful if a compartment can be set aside for what
we term Mexican Orchids, because then the amount of bright sunlight
which they require can the more easily be administered without the fear of
injuring the more shade-loving intermediate Orchids, such as many of the
Oncidiums, Odontoglossums, Cypripediums, &c. For the present we will
speak of it as the Intermediate house. As regards the general management
of this house and its inmates, not much can be added to the instructions
given for the Cool house. It will be a quiet month in all respects; there-
fore we need simply keep the thermometer near the stated figures, and not
attempt in the least to force the growth too rapidly at this dull season,
leaving that for brighter and longer days. I have always noticed that the
better the plants are staged and strengthened in winter, by rational
unexciting treatment, the more rapidly and strongly they grow when the
proper season arrives, and the outside conditions admit of giving them a
really growing atmosphere.

The amount of water distributed for purposes of evaporation may,
perhaps, be slightly in excess of the Cool house, so as to correspond with
the slightly increased amount of fire heat required. The watering at the

26 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

root must here also be done with a good deal of discretion, giving simply
enough in each case to keep the plants plump and fresh, and a very little —
indeed will suffice for this purpose. The same remarks will apply equally
to the East Indian house.
Dendrobiums, which have been resting and keeping back in their
Proper places in a vinery or greenhouse, may now be brought into »*
intermediate temperature, in batches, as desired for flowering, letting
D. Wardianum, Devonianum, Falconeri, thrysiflorum, and densiflorum |
remain for the last batch. These are fond of a good, long, cold rest, and :
succeed the better if they receive it. Do not give much water at first, but
slightly increase the supplies when the flowers are near their development.
Little or no Te-potting is advisable for this month, but a good supply of
fresh sphagnum moss should be secured, together with good fibrous peat,
so that everything may be ready when the busy season commences ; for it
often happens that, just at the time when we could get on with our indoor 4
potting, a little later on, we are prevented from doing so on account of the
sphagnum being locked up by frost, and thus valuable time is wasted.

i

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID
SOCIETY.

THE last meeting of the year was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester,
on December 15th last, when many showy Orchids put in an appearance,

Shorland Ball (in the chair),
Holmes, Johnson, and Mills (hon. sec.)

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), showed a very fine
plant of Cypripedium insigne Sanderze with four very large blooms (First-
class Certificate and Cultural Certificate), C. i, undulata, a large form with
the dorsal sepal covered with large blotches and the edges much frilled

Porcelianum, Cattleya chocoensis Stella
and white lip, with a small red spot in th

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 2

magnificum, C. insigne albens, Cymbidium giganteum, Oncidium tigrinum
with very large spikes, various seedling Calanthes, and other interesting
things. The group was awarded a Silver-gilt Medal.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Lelia anceps
Leemanni (Award of Merit), Lycaste Skinneri, and Odontoglossum crispum.

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill), showed Lelia
anceps alba, called Bull’s variety, to which a First-class Certificate ‘was
given.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed Leelio-
cattleya X Tresederiana, Cypripedium X Leeanum superbum, C. X L.
pendulum, C. x Ariadne (Award of Merit), C. insigne Sanderz with two
fine flowers (First-class Certificate), C. i. splendens (Award of Merit), C
‘Ernestii, a very good form (Award of Merit), C. i. leopardinum, and C.
Spicerianum magnificum. The group also included a very fine lot of
Dendrobium Phalenopsis, and some excellent forms of Cypripedium
xX Leeanum, and received a Silver-gilt Medal.

Henry Greenwood, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Gill), showed Cypripedium
Antigone (niveum xX Lawrenceanum).

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed Cypripedium
insigne Sander (First-class Certificate), C. i. magnificum (Award of Merit),
C. i. Ernestii, C. i. Youngianum, C. concolor, C. tonsum, C. callosum
superbum, an exceptionally fine form (Award of Merit), C. x Harrisian um
superbum, C. Minos (Award of Merit), C. xX Leeanum magnificum, C. X
L. superbum, C. X Pitcherianum (Award of Merit), and Dendrobium
Findlayanum. A Vote of Thanks was awarded for the group.

Richard Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), showed Lelia
anceps Chamberlainiana (First-class Certificate) and Odontoglossum X
aspersum.

William Bolton, Esq., Warrington (gr. Mr. Cain), showed a wonderful
form of Oncidium varicosum Rogersii with flowers over 24 inches across
(First-class Certificate), a very dark form of Cattleya labiata named
Boltoniana (Award of Merit), and Cypripedium insigne Bolton’s variety, very
heavily spotted, but rather a small flower.

Charles Parker, Esq., Ashton-on-Ribble, showed Cypripedium X Parkeri-
anum (Boxallii atratum X nitens superbum), a very fine hybrid with the
dorsal sepal quite flat, a merit conspicuous by its absence in so many of the
Cypripedium hybrids one sees. It received a First-class Certificate.

Mr. Keeling, Bingley, showed Cypripedium X Lily (niveum X bellatulum),
C. X Norma (Spiceriana X Niobe), C. insigne Youngianum, Cymbidium
Hookerianum, and a Cypripedium entered as Fairrieanum, but which the
Committee declined to adjudicate upon, being of unanimous opinion that
it was incorrectly named.

28 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM AS A PARENT.
(Continued from Vol. VI., b. 365.)

THERE are two names recorded of the cross between C. niveum and C.
Spicerianum (Hansen’s Orch. Hyb., p. 297) C. X Isabelle, and C. x Spicero-
niveum, while a third, C. x Marriottianum, is possibly ofthesame parentage —
(O.K,; iit.y pe 951).

C. X Georgianum represents the union of C. superbiens and C. niveum
(O. R., ii., p. 164), and C. xX The Pard is supposed to be derived from the
same parents (O. R., ii. p. 317). This last obtained an Award of Merit in
1894.

In the Lindenia for 1895 (vol. ix., p. 15), appears a picture and descrip- -
tion of C. X Madame Octave Opoix, the parents being C. x superciliare
and C. niveum. The influence of C. niveum is well shown in the flower.
I have one seedling of this cross of my own raising, discovered 6th March,
1897, but so far it has made very little progress.

C. X Olivia, which received an Award of Merit in London and a First-
class Certificate in Manchester in August last, is recorded as a hybrid
between C. tonsum and concolor (O. R. vi. pp: 285, 286), but it is probable
that C. niveum was the second parent. I saw two plants in bud at Bush
Hill Park in July last, and Mr. E. V. Low told me that they came from
America, the parentage given being tonsum crossed with niveum, though it
was thought that some mistake had been made, and that C. concolor was
the second parent. He has since written, however, that as the flower has
become mature the niveum character has developed, and no doubt the
record of niveum is correct. Mr. J. O’Brien also thinks C. niveum much
more probable. (See also Garden, liv, p. 129, and Journ. of Hort., Aug. 25,
1898, pp. 142, 143.)

C. X Saron, derived from C. niveum X (?) venustum Measuresianum

(O. R. vi, p. 28), completes the list of those hybrids having C. niveum for
one of the parents.

So far as I can ascertain, there is only one instance on record of any
one of these hybrids having become a parent in its turn. The case alluded
to is that of C. x Tautzianum, which conjointly with C. callosum has pro-
duced C. X Nandii (O. R. ii, p- 310). It received an Award of Merit in
1894

Statistics are usually considered dry reading, but if a list could be com-
piled of the number of these plants that have flowered and proved true, —
now in existence in the collections of this country, the Continent, and
America, how very interesting it would be to many of us. Failing these
figures it can only be a matter for surmise, but I think it may safely be
inferred that the number is small. The absence of quotations in the Cata-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 29

logues of the Trade, and the very few occasions on which any of them
appear to have been exhibited, point to this conclusion. I am afraid that
many of the seedlings die at a very early stage, and that the survivors take
long to develop into good established plants capable of division. Notwith-
standing these drawbacks, it seems to me that here is a field open to the
amateur, well worthy of his best efforts. It will be readily admitted that
this section of the Cypripedie contains some of the most beautiful at present
known, while the possibility of raising others equally good is by no means
exhausted. A moderate success would be ample compensation for the time
and trouble expended in this interesting pursuit.

An addition must be made to the record of C. X calloso-niveum
(ante, vi., p. 363). This cross has again been recorded under the name of
C. X Mrs. Edgar Cohen (G.C., 1898, xxiv., p. 203; O.R., vi., p. 317). It
was derived from C. callosum ¢ and C. niveum ¢, and thus is the reverse
cross to the original form, but, of course, only a variety of it. An error
seems to have crept into the note in O.R., vi., 317, where C. X Mrs.
Edgar Cohen is spoken of as a variety of C. X Winifred Hollington
(probably taken from Hansen, p. 183), for the parentage of this latter hybrid
was correctly given in an earlier volume (iii., p. 157), as C. ciliolare @ X
niveum 3. ,

It seemed necessary to use the old name Cypripedium in this paper, as
most of the records are under it. I hope, however, to see Paphiopedium
and Phragmipedium more generally adopted—for both are evidently good
and distinct genera—and this will probably be the case as they become
more familiar, and new hybrids come to be recorded under these names.

Liverpool. REGINALD YOUNG.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

come was again a fine display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James Street,
W , on December 13th, when the last meeting of the year was
held. The tllewing members of the Orchid Committee were present :—
H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), E
Ashworth, H. Ballantine, T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, S. Courtauld,
De B. Crawshay, T. B. Haywood, E. Hill, G. W. Law-Schofield, H.
Little, H. M. Pollett, W. H. White, and W. H. Young.

The President, Sir Trevor-Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
W. H. White), staged a splendid group, with a frontage of about 25 feet,
to which a Silver Flora Medal was awarded. The most important
feature was the hybrid Calanthes, which included such handsome forms as
C. X amabilis, pink with white centre, C. x bella, rose with white eye,

30 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

bearing a dark blotch, many well-bloomed plants of C. x burfordiensis,

with carmine-crimson flowers, C. X Veitchii splendens, a richly-coloured
form, C. X versicolor, with deep rose eye, C. x Victoria-Regina, a
charming light pink form, and C. xX revertens, a brilliant carmine-crimsoq
form of unrecorded parentage, to which an Award of Merit was g1vem
Other noteworthy plants included were some fine forms of Cypripedium *
Leeanum, C. X Ceres Fascinator, and a pretty home-raised form ©
Odontoglossum X Wilckeanum, with light yellow ground marked with
reddish brown spots.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. Chapman),
also received a Silver Flora Medal for a very fine group, including an
interesting series of Cypripedium insigne varieties, conspicuous among
which were C. i. Sander and.C.i. Ernestii. Other fine things were C;
xX Allanianum superbum, forms of C. x Leeanum, C. X Behrensianum,
C. X Milo, C. X Zeno, C. x Wottoni (bellatulum xX callosum), and a
very similar form derived from C. x Godefroy leucochilum and C.
callosum, which is a remarkable example of quick development, for the
seed was only sown in January, 18096. Among other genera were the
remarkable Pleurothallis punctulata, Masdevallia x Measutesiana, M.
pachyura, Cattleya x Miss Harris, and Lelio-cattleya x Schilleriana.

Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Chapman), sent a
fine collection of cut Cypripediums, which might, however, have been
arranged with better effect. Among noteworthy forms C. x Niobe, C. X
N. superbum, some good C. Spicerianum, C. X Leeanum superbum, C. X
L. giganteum, and other forms of this handsome hybrid, the clear yolton
C. insigne Dorothy and other forms of the species; also a fine spike of
Cymbidium Tracyanum, Lelia anceps, &c. A Silver Banksian Medal was
awarded.

H. Little, Esq., Baronshalt, Twickenham (gr. Mr. Howard), staged a

good group, consisting chiefly of Cypripediums, the more noteworthy —

being C. Spicerianum, C. Stonei, C. Chamberlainianum, C. tonsum, C. X
Lathamianum, and C. x Behrensianum, but other good forms were also
included. A Bronze Banksian Medal was awarded to the group.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook), sent
a well-bloomed plant of Cypripedium insigne Harefield Hall variety, whose
. flowers are gigantic in size and perfect in other respects. A First-class

Certificate and a Cultural Commendation were awarded.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Garden,
interesting Lycaste lasioglossa,

De B. Crawshay,
Odontoglossum x A
anum in colour,

Glasnevin, sent the
which received a Botanical Certificate. ;
Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), showed
ndersonianum platychilum, like the variety Ruckeri-

but remarkable for having a much broader, nearly flat lip.

THE ORCHID REVIEW 31

Sir William Marriott, Down House, Blandford (gr. Mr. Denny), showed
a fine hybrid seedling, said to have been obtained from sind cattleya X
elegans and Cattleya Warscewiczii.

G. C. Roberts, Esq., clases ato sent a fine infloresence of Cymbi-
dium X Winnianum.

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., New-Hall-Hey, Rawtenstall, Manchester
(gr. Mr. Schill), sent a fine Cypripedium x Norma (Spicerianum X
Niobe). .

W. C. Walker, Esq., Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr. Cragg), sent Lycaste
cruenta, and a very fine plant of Dendrobium aureum covered with flowers,
a Cultural Commendation being awarded to the latter.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, sent a
very choice group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It con-
tained the beautiful Lzlio-cattleya x Decia, L.-c. X Semiramis, L.-c. X
Andreana var. Agnes, L.-c. X Frederick Boyle (C. Triane ? X L. anceps
3$) and an allied form called variety amcena (C. Triane @ X L. anceps
Veitchiana ¢), distinguished by its paler lip, Epidendrum Endresio-
Wallisii, Cattleya x Ariel (Bowringiana ? X Gaskelliana ¢), Phalznopsis
x Hebe, a number of fine Cypripediums, among which C. insigne Sander
and C. i. Sanderianum were conspicuous, Lelia X Novelty, L. X Omen
(autumnalis @ X purpurata #), and L. X Digbyano-purpurata (purpurata
? xX Digbyana 3), a very interesting hybrid to which an Award of Merit
was given. The flower is most like L. purpurata in shape, the sepals and
petals blush-white, and the lip, which is not so much fringed as in other
Digbyana crosses, purple in front.

Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, also staged a very
pretty group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained
the handsome yellow Cypripedium insigne Laura Kimball, with various
good forms of C. X Leeanum, C. X Charles Canham, and other hybrids,
a fine dark Cymbidium Tracyanum, the pale purple Dendrobium Phalen-
opsis violaceum, Lelio-cattleya x Aurora, L.-c. X Apollonia, L.-c. X
Schilleriana Wolstenholmiz, &c.

Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, staged a small group of good
things, including Oncidium Forbesii, O. varicosum, a good series of
Cypripedium insigne varieties, of which C. i. giganteum was noteworthy,
C. X Leeanum giganteum, C. xX L. superbum, C. X Margaret Hye,
C. X Albert Hye, C. x Tityus, C. xX calloso-hirsutissimum, C. X _ nitens
superbum, &c.

Mr. H. A. Burberry, King’s Heath, Birmingham, showed a fine form ot
Lelia anceps with dark lip, called L. a. Burberryana,

—

32 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

ARPOPHYLLUM LAXIFLORUM, Pfitz.—Die Gartenwelt, Dec. 18, pp. 138,
139, with fig. :

CALADENIA CARNEA, R. Br.—Bot. Mag., t. 7630, fig. B.—VAR. ALBA,. :
Bot. Mag., t. 7630, fig. A. a 4

CATTLEYA TRIAN#, VAR. VILLEGONTIERIZ, L. Lind.—Lindenia, t. 037. 4

CocHLIODA N@Tz ina, Rolfe, var. SUPERBA, L. Lind.—Lindenta, t. 04m .

CYPRIPEDIUM X ARGO-MoRGANIE.—Gard. Mag., Nov. 26, p. 766, with :
fig. :
CYPRIPEDIUM X GOWERIANUM, Hort.—Lindcnia, t. 638. a
CYPRIPEDIUM X WILLIAM Lioyp.—Journ. of Hort., Dec. 29, p- 491; fig. :
84. 3 7
L&LIA PERRINII VAR. LEUCOPHEA.—Journ. of Hort., Nov. 24, p+ 393» lig: a
67.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X DomINIANA LANGLEYENSIS.—Garden, Dec. 10, Pp» —
465, with fig,

Lycaste Depp, Lindl. var. PRESTANS, L, Lind.—Lindenia, t. 639. |

MASDEVALLIA CuImzra, Rchb. f.—L indenia, t. 635. ,

NEOBENTHAMIA GRACILIS, Rolfe.—Gard. Chron., Dec. 17, pp. 439 43h ;
fig. 124, 125.

ODONTOGLOssUM CRISPUM, VAR. LE Czar, L. Lind.—Lindenia, t. 634: i.
VAR. PRINCE OF WALES.—Gard. Mag., Nov. 26, p- 767, with fig.—v i
Rayon p’Or, L. Lind.—Lindenia, t. 633. !

ONCIDIUM crispuM, Lindl. var. GRANDIFLORUM, Hort.—Lindema, t. 636. |

PAPHIOPEDILUM MASTERSIANUM, Pfitz.— Bot. Mag., t. 7629.

ee EP ee

CORRESPONDENCE, xc,

(Correspondents not answered here may Jind replies to their quertes on other pages, and in
some cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue.)

- A. B.—Cattleya x Hardyana. Most of the plants known have turned up wi
unexpectedly among importations of C.
one.

‘e Reig ae sent.
Dowiana aurea or C. Warscewiczii, like the pre .

A. W. H.—Cattleya Warscewic
your plant, which is almos
when you can send a flower.
Photographs received with than
W.G.G., A.W.H., E.F.C.

zii. true is not known to have the golden veining :
t certainly a form of C. x Hardyana. We can say definitely

pcp: a2) os bh SE ea SS kU Se sk or oo ae Iie ee
2 faa S ieee [a 8 i

Ks.—Right Hon, Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., 0.0.W»

dae tS,

+

ERRATA.

360.—The fractions given after “ insigne Chantini” should have been } in ae

Case, the two together making 4, as in P. x Dedalus,
Page 373, line 14, for Tilbury, read Tetbury.

oe eae :
. = Le
Pia posing Nore ad igen Re Ee gt

al

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Calendar of Operations for February ...- 56 | Manchester and North of England —
SS seaeaags &c. ... na we Oe Ts Orchid — mS aa cae 61
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Paphiopedilum x Iago vas ... 48 | Orchids of 1898 op
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-Paphiopedilum xX Zeno... ... 38 | Paphiopedilums, Hybridising ...
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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

VoL. VII.] FEBRUARY, 1899. [No. 74.

NOTES.

Two meetings ot the Royal Horticultural Society will be held during
February, on the 14th and 28th respectively, when the Orchid Committee
will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.

The next meeting of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on February 9th.
The Orchid Committee meets at 12 o’clock, and the exhibits are open to
inspection from 1 o'clock until 4.

An inflorescence of the handsome Lelia x Gouldiana is sent from the
collection of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, by Mr. Stevens.
It is from one of the original plants, and seems quite intermediate between
L. autumnalis and L. anceps. The flowers remain fresh for a very long
time after being cut, and are remarkably brilliant under artificial light.

A beautiful Odontoglossum called O. crispum Louise is also sent. The
segments are much like O. luteopurpureum in shape, but the ground
colour is white with a few large claret-purple blotches on the sepals. The
lip is similar in colour, but slightly modified in shape, and as the lateral
teeth of the crest are longer than usual, and the column wings much fringed,
it is probably a form of O. x Wilckeanum with white ground.

A beautiful raceme of Odontoglossum Hallii leucoglossum is sent from
the collection of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno. The plant
threw up four spikes from two bulbs; two spikes were pinched off, and the
others bore 16 and 26 flowers respectively. Some fine flowers of O,
luteopurpureum are also enclosed.

34 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A curious flower of Paphiopedilum insigne, with rather long and narrow
segments, and the petals distinctly spotted almost to the extreme apex, is.
sent from the collection of J. F. Alcock, Esq., of Northchurch, Herts. The
spots on the petals only differ from those on the dorsal sepal in being
rather smaller and more numerous. It must be very near to the variety
Youngiz (supra, v, p. 35)-

Laelia anceps Protheroeana is a large and brilliantly-coloured variety, of
the grandiflora type, of which a flower has been sent from the collection of
James Davidson, Esq., of Dumfries. The front lobe of the lip 1s broad a
of an intense crimson-purple, which colour extends round the apex of t
side lobes.

Oncidium Forbesii is a very brilliant Orchid at any time, and is especially
welcome when it flowers at this time of year, as it very frequently does. A
beautiful example is sent from the collection of D. M. Grimsdale, Esq-
of Uxbridge. An inflorescence of Odontoglossum gloriosum is also sent.

A fine form of Odontoglossum nobile (Pescatorei) is sent from the
collection of Major-Gen. W. A. Gillespie, Brynderwen, Usk, Mon. (gt- Mr
Jennings). The flowers measure over 2} inches across their broadest
diameter, and are white, except for a tinge of light rose on the sepals am
the usual markings on the lip’s crest.

A curious flower of Cattleya Trianz is sent by Messrs. B. Hurst and
Son, Burbage Nurseries, Hinckley, in which the two petals are absent, am
the dorsal sepal pulled out of place and united, almost to its apex, to one ©
the lateral ones. There is, however, an additional perfect anther, com
taining pollen, and this is situated at the apex of a narrow ridge of tissue:
which is united to the side of the column, and can be traced back to exac
the position of one of the petals, which suggests that a petal beca
entangled with the column, and developed with it, thus becoming modi
in character. A good form of Odontoglossum Lindleyanum and a
flower of Paphiopedilum x Leeanum are also enclosed.

A fine form of Paphiopedilum x Lathamianum is sent by Messrs. Cappe
et fils, of Vesinet, France. It is froma new batch of seedlings, of which
numerous examples are showing for flower, and as the form of P. villost
used as the seed parent was a particularly fine one, some excellent fort
of the hybrid are expected.

P. * ceno-Spicerianum has also been raised in this establishments
Spicerianum being used as the seed parent. The first flower appeared
November, 1897. A flower now sent approaches P. x Leeanum in ge
character, but is rather brighter in colour, |

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 35

At the invitation of the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society, Mr.
R. A. Rolfe will read a paper at the Hybridisation Conference, entitled
‘“‘ Hybridisation viewed from the standpoint of systematic botany,” and he
would be obliged for records of the results of any experiments undertaken
with the view of proving the origin of supposed natural hybrids, both
among Orchids and other plants. Several are already on record, but
seedlings of other crosses are in existence, and these he would be glad to
hear of, whether they have flowered or not. |

Instances of Paphiopedilums with twin-flowered scapes are common,
but the occurrence of three flowers in the normally one-flowered group
is very rare. A photograph of a plant of P. X Rossianum (barbatum X
tonsum), in the collection of H. J. Ross, Esq., of Florence, shows a plant
in this condition, and testifies to the vigour of the plant. We have once
seen P. Spicerianum with a three-flowered scape.

A photograph of a magnificent plant of Lelia albida has been sent from
the collection of the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury,
Birmingham, by Mr. Smith. It is much the finest example of this species
which we have seen, and carries thirty-two spikes, with an aggregate of
139 flowers, forming quite a picture.

Eight classes are devoted to Orchids at the Exhibition of Chrysanthe-
mums and other plants, to be held by the Société Royale d’Agriculture et
de Botanique de Gand, on November 12th to 14th next. They are for the
best group, 12 Cattleya labiata, 12 Cypripediums, 6 distinct Odontoglossums,
the best Orchid in flower, the best Vanda, the best Cypripedium, and a
similar class to the latter, limited to plants raised from seed by the
exhibitor. Gold and other medals are offered as prizes.

Lelia anceps alba, a true albino, and the old L. a. Dawsoni are sent
from the collection of W. Thompson, Esq., by Mr. Stevens, together with
L. a. Hilliana and the fine L. a. Schroederiana, all of which are very
beautiful. There is also a very fine seedling Dendrobium from D. n.
nobilius x D. x splendidissimum grandiflorum.

Much sympathy will be felt with Mr. Stevens in the loss he has
sustained in the death of his eldest son on January 18th. The deceased
had attained the age of thirty, and for some years had acted as his father’s
assistant. He was a promising Orchid grower and has raised many
seedlings, some of which will probably he heard of hereafter. He will
long be remembered by a plant belonging to another group, namely,
Eucharis X Stevensii, which was raised by him, and flowered for the first
time in 1885. The cross was made when young Stevens was about 14
years old.

36 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DIES ORCHIDIANZE.

THE appearance last month of the beautiful group of winter-flowering

flattering te the latter. It is accurate enough, for I had the good — |
to see the plant when alive, but there is a want of sharpness about “a }
of the details, which is sufficiently explained by the fact the se ‘

photograph was made from a painting and not from the plant itself.
is, nevertheless, a valuable record of one of the most striking into
of recent years. One cannot help wondering how so remarkable a eo
should have escaped detection before, even in Madagascar, parts of whic |
have been so well explored during recent years.

To return, however, to the photographs, and especially to the
reproduced at page 17, which I note is hardly one-third natural size, a
yet shows the details better than in many larger ones. It suggests ee
question whether it is necessary that such large flowers should :
reproduced full size, as is often done, for when the amount of reduction 1s
known, or when some well known variety is included in the Siete: me
can find the natural size if necessary. I was discussing with a friend the
other day the question of photographs versus drawings, and why so many
of the latter are so unsatisfactory, and the conclusion we arrived * be
this :—Many drawings are hurried sketches, with much of the detail :
out, and what is put in not always where it ought to be—vide my remarks
on Odontoglossum crispum Prince of Wales at page 227 of the last volume.
Further than this there is what may be termed the individuality of the
artist to be taken into consideration, and this counts for something. Not
long ago a striking hybrid was exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S., and
was illustrated in three or four different papers, all from the same flower, .
though the amount of difference between the figures was striking. It was
this that led to the discussion, and the opinion we arrived at was much a
in favour of photography as a means of securing a reliable record.

of course, excluded, but the other day I |
rchid collector respecting the re-discovery
ium which was a desideratum in cultiva- j
g his way up a river in a boat, and had —
us natives, none of whom knew the plant-

The question of colour was,
dropped across the note of an O
of a rare and handsome Dendrob
tion. The collector was makin
shown a coloured plate to vario
Having gone as far as was s
village who, though he recognised

various plates shown to him, had not a

afe, the collector found the headman of 4 —

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 37

seen the plant specially desired. The collector was naturally disappointed
and reluctant to return without the plant, when the headman enquired
whether the plate was correct, and whether the colour was not a different
shade to that represented. This the collector admitted as possible, after
which the headman grasped the situation, and said that the plant grew not
far from the stream along which the collector had travelled. I was rather
curious to know the name of the species, which, however. was not stated.
At all events the collector got his plants, but I could find a good many
plates in the condition of the one under discussion.

Five years ago, the beautiful Paphiopedilum Charlesworthii suddenly
appeared, when it was remarked: “‘ To the hybridist it should prove a great
acquisition, for it presents a colour which has been much sought after, and
its handsome dorsal sepal is sure to originate some striking developments,
when crossed with other richly-coloured forms.” How far this may prove
true perhaps remains to be proved, but it was at once taken in hand, and
many seedlings have been raised, the first of which has now reached the
flowering stage. It is a cross with P. barbatum, which was the seed parent,
and was raised in the collection of W. H. Lumsden, Esq., of Aberdeen.
The merits of the hybrid can scarcely be judged from the first flower,
but it is bright and attractive in colour, which is one of the great desiderata
in this group, and, whatever its value, it will always be historically inter-
esting. Now that one seedling has flowered others may be anticipated, and
their appearance will be awaited with interest.

I have not escaped without further communications on the ‘‘great Cypri-
pedium question.” My old friend of last menth is glad to find that his |
arguments were not demolished one by one, and thinks that if they can be
shown to be correct they will in time be adopted, though a little incon-
venience may be felt at first. He also hopes that amateurs who are so
convinced on this point will set the fashion. The case ashe puts it is some-
thing like this. The slipper Orchids, which were long known under the old
Linnean name of Cypripedium, are now shown to belong to four different
genera, and the change in nomenclature rendered necessary by this dis-
covery is complicated by the fact that the name ‘‘ Cypripedium ”’ is not the
correct eqnivalent of ‘‘ Venus’ Slipper Orchid,” as Linnzus intended, but
‘Cypripedilum.” Opponents of this amended spelling have suggested the
derivation as from ‘“‘ Venus’ foot Orchid,” hence ‘‘ Cypripodium ” would be
more correct, but this argument has been disproved from the remarks of
Linnzus himself.

‘“‘ Cypripedilum,” therefore, is the name to be adopted for the hardy

hy io Se la
NenvE aa ai

38 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

deciduous species, as C. Calceolus, Regina, japonicum, and in fact all the : |
species from the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, from Japan ;
round to Mexico. ll the evergreen tropical species of the Old Wars .

belong to ‘‘ Paphiopedilum,” and differ in habit, and in having a deciduous q
perianth, and the sepals imbricate, not valvate, as may always be seen :
in the opening bud. These two genera have a one-celled ovary, ee |
in the Tropical American species it is three-cellea, but these are io?
divisible into two genera. “ Selenipedilum ” contains three species of tall,
reed-like plants, with leaves like Cypripedilum, small persistent floweta |
and round, smooth seeds with a crustaceous testa, like Vanilla, and 4
singularly enough two of them have Vanilla-scented fruits. This cee _
not in cultivation. The rest of the species, as caudatum, Schlimn, longi | 3
folium, &c., belong to “ Phragmipedilum,” and are stemless, with long :
coriaceous leaves, large flowers, with deciduous perianth, and fusiform 3
seeds with the usual reticulated testa. In fact the four genera are more —
distinct than many which are universally recognised, though the differences :
have only recently been correctly understood.

This is all lucid enough, and I will pay my correspondent the compli-

; ek ‘@
ment of saying that I think it is worthy of adoption. Another letter mus
stand over for the present. :

ARGUS.

ORCHIDS OF 1868.

As several important hybrids were overlooked in our article on this subject
at page 7, we offer the following supplementary notes. 4
Lelio-cattleya x Henry Greenwood is a striking secondary hybrid, |
between L.-c. x Schilleriana and Cattleya x Hardyana, with which ©
M. Ch. Maron secured the prize for the best new hybrid at Ghent.
Cypripedium x T’Ansoni, x Mrs. Reginald Young, and x Olivia, mi
striking novelties from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., the two former receiving
First-class Certificates on the same day. Phalznopsis x Schroedere also
came from the same firm. Odontoglossum x Adriane is a charming little

Lelia X Ragotiana, from the collection
of M. J. Ragot, Villenoy, France, originated from L. grandis and L-
cinnabarina, Cattleya x Adela (Triane ? Percivaliana ¢) was
raised by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, also Lelia x Digbyano-purpurata,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 39

not yet seen at its best. Sophrocattleya x Cleopatra, Lelia x cinnabrosa,
Lelio-cattleya X radiata, and L.-c. x Admiral Dewey, are interesting
novelties from Messrs. Charlesworth & Ce., the latter obtaining a First-class
Certificate at the Temple Show. L.-c. x Duke of York is a striking hybrid
from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., which has also gained the same award.
It is interesting to note that Messrs. Sander have succeeded in getting
home from New Guinea an importation of the remarkable Dendrobium
-spectabile, of which only a single plant, in the collection of Sir Trevor
Lawrence, was previously known in cultivation. Lelio-cattleya x La
France is an interesting hybrid raised by Mr. G. Mantin from L. tenebrosa
and C. bicolor. Brassocattleya Xx bellaerensis, derived from Brassavola
Perrinii and Cattleya guttata, and Epicattleya x bellaerensis, from
Cattleya X Forbesii 2 and Epidendrum cochleatum ¢, are two remarkable
generic crosses from this collection.

Several hybrids have received certificates within the year, which were
previously recorded, and these we have omitted. Also several reputed
novelties which are at most only varieties of previously-named hybrids.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.
THE two Orchids perhaps most in evidence at the present time are
Cattleya Trianz and Lelia anceps, both of which are represented in collec-
tions by a series of striking varieties, and, where they succeed well, make a
brilliant display. Cattleya Percivaliana is also in season, and though
smaller and less variable than some others is particularly rich in colour in
the best varieties. Lycaste Skinneri is flowering well, and will continue
flowering for weeks to come. The chaste variety alba is probably the
greatest favourite, but many of the coloured forms are very showy, and
repay the grower for any special attention bestowed on them. Zygopetalum
intermedium and Oncidium unguiculatum still make a fine display, being
apparently almost as good as they were a month ago.

The beautiful Caelogyne cristata has again put in an appearance for the
season, and will not be lost sight of for several weeks. Few Orchids are
more deservedly popular than this, as it is largely grown for cut flowers
in many establishments where only a few of the most useful of these plants
are admitted; and it gives little more trouble than an ordinary stove plant.
The varieties alba and Lemoniana are the most distinct, and contrast
effectively with the typical form.

Dendrobiums are now making a brilliant display. The season com-
menced some time ago with D. moniliforme and the hybrids partly derived
from it, which include D. x endocharis, X euosmum, X Cassiope, and one
or two other less common forms, all of which are very beautiful. D. nobile

40 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

aud its hybrids are now beginning, and many of these are large <
brilliantly coloured. D. x Ainsworthii and its numerous forms and allies,
in whose origin D. aureum has played a part, now form quite a large yi :
and for vigour, floriferousness, and beauty of colouring, leave little to
desired. D. Wardianum is also flowering freely. Others are following on,
and will keep the house gay for some time to come. ee
sesquipedale and the graceful Platyclinis glumacea are also too effectt
just now to be passed over. “4
The Cool house is gradually improving as the Odontoglossums a
come into flower, among the less common ones being the violet O. Edwardil,
O. pulchellum, and O.tripudians. O. x Andersonianum and its numeri
varieties are beginning to flower, and the more familiar species are
brightened up by Masdevallia ignea and the brilliant Sophronitis cane
Among the most effective of the Paphiopedilums just now may
mentioned X Lathamianum, x Calypso, xX Harrisianum, callosum,
venustum, villosum, Boxallii, x Williamsii, Argus, callosum, purpuratum,

; : aes , e have
X nitens and its varieties, and many others, in fact more than w
space to enumerate.

HYBRIDISING PAPHIOPEDILUMS.

Is this injurious to the seed-bearing plant? I read in a most interesting
article which appeared in the March number of the Orchid Review for 1898
(p. 69), that a discussion took place so long ago as 1882 in which this very —
question was introduced. After an experience of about seven years, I have —
come to the conclusion that the operation, when confined to strong, well- :
developed plants, is not materially injurious, and that no perceptible :
deterioration takes place. On the other hand, I am afraid that injury,
sometimes ending in death, is often the result of hybridising young plants —
_of only one or two growths.
In my own collection, Paphiopedilum x Harrisianum superbum —
(Veitch’s variety) is an instance of the former class, for from 1893 to the
present date, scarcely a flower has escaped the operation, and the plant —
appears as healthy and vigorous as ever, having largely increased in number

of growths. As instances of the latter class
P. ciliolare,

- X Georg Kittel, and P. x Orpheus vat
In all these cases the growths have been few, and the result —
ising them has been a severe check, and
It is a curious fact that the seed pod of P. Vo
ripen than many others,

I quote from my hybridisin

in some instances death.

lonteanum takes longer t? i
and is therefore a greater drain on the plant- |
8 tecord:—P. Volonteanum ¢ x P. bellatulum ¢3

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 41

P. bellatulum ¢ X P. Volonteanum 3; both crosses made on the same day,
16th June, 1897. The former pod was not ripe until the 13th July, 1898,
whereas the latter, although standing in a cooler house, was ripe on the
25th February, 1898.

Other instances in both classes could be readily given, but suffice it to
say, the preponderating evidence is, that hybridising does weaken, to a
greater or lesser extent, the seed-bearing plant. If, then, such is the case,
it is not surprising that owners of such valuable plants as P. Stonei
platytznium, P. Fairrieanum, and others, should be thary of subjecting
them to such risk. This, however, would hardly apply to Paphiopedilums
of more moderate value.

REGINALD YOUNG.

VANILLA CULTURE,

A PAPER on “ Vanilla Culture as practised in the Seychelles Islands,” by
S. J. Galbraith, has been issued as a Bulletin of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture. Mr. Galbraith, it appears, was for many years a successful
planter in the Seychelles, where Vanilla culture is a very important
industry, and the recent annexation of the Hawaiian Islands, Puerto
Rico, and other tropical territory has added to the United States regions
which, there is reason to believe, will prove admirably suited to the
cultivation of this plant.

Vanilla cuttings are said to have been first introduced into the
Seychelles in 1866, probably from Bourbon, where the plant was grown
extensively after sugar began to fail, about 1850, and the plantations have
gradually extended, and for many years the colony’s prosperity has largely
depended on Vanilla. It succeeds well from near sea-level up to 1,800 feet
altitude, either in rich vegetable mould, greasy red clay, or coarse quartz
sand or gravel, the latter being the best. Formerly, plantations were made
with the rows of vines so close together as scarcely to leave room for
workers to pass between, and the yield per acre was enormous, until the
Vanilla disease appeared, but when a vanillery thus arranged was attacked,
the destruction was rapid and complete. Now the rows are placed further
apart. Small trees are used as supports for the vines, which are festooned —
from fork to fork, but many planters have made use of posts and horizontal
bars, or wires, over which the vines are hung in loops a few feet from the
ground. Another method coming more generally into practice is to plant
each vine on a tree of its own. A great variety of trees will serve, but
" those of moderate leafage (about half shade), and plenty of forks, from five to
seven feet from the ground, on which to train the vines, are best. In starting

42 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

a vanillery, the first thing is to thin the trees to the proper distance, =
which the cuttings are planted, and, if they do well, may be prepared for
cropping in about eighteen months, more or less, according to the —
This is accomplished by stopping the shoots twice. Shoots are then
produced which hang down some four to six feet, and this process a
to flowering. Flowers take some six weeks to develop after they — :
push. A top dressing of leaf mould should be applied to the roots whe
the flowers begin to open, or a little before. :
The flowers have’ to be fertilised by hand, on the day they open, an
this is mostly done by women and children, who are paid seven ier
day for the work. The operation consists of removing the flap- :
rostellum and pressing the pollen on to the stigma, a small piece of har
wood of the size of a toethpick, flattened at one end, being used for the
_ purpose. The work is rapidly performed, and, with flowers fairly numerous,
an ordinary hand will pollinate a hundred or so per hour. Early ities
from 7 to 9, is the best time, but the work may be started with sunrise an
carried on well into the afternoon, though, about mid-day, the flowers begin
to close and the work goes slower. Most plants produce more flowets
than it is desirable to fertilise, and the number of pods must be esti
according to the plant’s size and condition. The number of clusters 0
flowers will depend upon the size and condition of the plant, and, generally
speaking, five or six out of a cluster of ten flowers may be fertilised.
About thirty pods to a vine is as many as should be left, and he would be
a lucky planter who would average that number. If the flower is fertilised,
it slowly withers up, but, in case of failure, it falls off in two or three days,
and when enough in a cluster are set, the remaining buds are broken call
Pods grow to their full size in five or six weeks, but take some eight
months to ripen, which is indicated by a slight yellowing of the whole
pod. They must be gathered carefully, and, in order to guard against
splitting and yet gather them at perfect rip
other day. After each day’s gathering,
into four classes : long,

eness, they are gone over every
it is well to’ sort the pods roughly
medium, short, and split.

Now comes the Process of curing for market. Several methods are
employed, but the one described is consider
any. About 400 of the lon
into hot water (about 1go°
with intervals of half-a-

ed as simple and successful as

Closely covered up with the same miiterial. The 2
now treated with the water a trifle cooler, or the :
ened. The exact temperature of the water may vary

remaining lots are
dipping a trifle short

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 43

a few degrees, and, where small quantities are dealt with, less heat is
needed. An experienced preparer will be guided more by the appearance
of the pod after each dip than by any fixed formula. It is best to
have good-sized boxes or barrels to sweat the pods in, those holding two or
three thousand each being preferable, as the heat is retained better. The
four qualities should also be kept apart, a fold of flannel being laid on each
if all go into the same box. By the following morning, they should have
changed to chocolate or puce colour, and are then ready to spread on the
drying shelves, but if the number is large and the heat well kept in, they
may be left for another day.

A curing house is used for preparing the crop for market, and this is
divided into four compartments, two below and two above, one of the lower
ones being heated with a flue to 110° F. These compartments are fitted
with tiers of lath shelves, about six inches apart, on which mats or canvas
are laid, to dry the fruit on. As they begin to turn soft, the pods are
removed from the hot chamber to the one above, which is cooler, and, after
attaining a certain degree of flexibility, they are moved into the adjoining
upper room to finish. In the cooler rooms, the pods are sorted as they
progress in curing, being spread on fibre mats, and the worker, sitting on
the floor, keeps the four qualities distinct, which facilitates the work, as the
short and split pods dry more rapidly. When finished, the pods are wiped
with soft flannel, tied in bundles, and kept in boxes with close-fitting lids,
and examined once or twice weekly in order to remove any mouldy ones.
After four or five months, any pods liable to mould will have shown
themselves, and they are then measured and tied up in neat bundles of fifty
each for market. The tin boxes used for packing vanilla measure 12} by 84
inches, and 44 inches deep, and hold about twelve pounds, and each box
has a label pasted on it which bears the grower’s trade mark, the length
and number of packets, their quality and net weight. The lids are then
sealed close with pasted paper, packed in wooden cases, six in each, and
dispatched to market.

A plate is given, showing photographs of the Vanilla in flower and in fruit ;
together with figures showing the method of fertilisation, and a plan of the
curing house. There are also some miscellaneous notes, showing cost of
labour, prospect of profitable returns, and other interesting details, and, as
the present price of vanilla in London is about twenty-five shillings a pound,
the crop should be a profitable one where conditions are favourable. The
Vanilla disease, and wet weather when the plants are in flower, seem to be
the worst enemies the cultivator has to dread, and the former, it is
suggested, should be kept out of the U.S. territories by admitting only
plants which are absolutely free from disease.

eR

44 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

THE HYBRIDISATION CONFERENCE.

FURTHER particulars of the International Conference on Hybridisation and
Cross-breeding are given in the Royal Horticultural Society’s arrangements
for 1899. The first day’s meeting will be held at the Society’s Gardens at
Chiswick, on Tuesday, July 11th. All plant-growers, whether amateurs oF
nurserymen, are particularly requested to exhibit hybrid or cross-bred
plants (whether int bloom or not), with their parents, and a written account
of their origin, also graft hybrids, at this meeting. All piants should arrive
at the Gardens at or before 11.30 a.m., and may be removed at 5 p-™.
Other plants specially submitted for certificates may also be staged, but no
groups or miscellaneous exhibits will be admitted. The Orchid and other
Committees will meet at 12 o’clock, noon. At 12.45 the President,
Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., will receive the invited members of the

Conference, who will afterwards be entertained at luncheon. At 2.15 the @

Conference will commence, with some introductory observations by the
chairman, Dr. Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S., after which the following four
papers will be read :—‘‘ Hybridisation and Cross-breeding as a Method of
Scientific Investigation,’ by W. Bateson, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., Cambridge;
‘‘ Hybridisation—its successes and failures,” by the Rev. Prof. Henslow,
M.A., V.M.H., London; “The Stability of Hybrids,” by Prof. Hugo de
Fries, Amsterdam; and ‘ Progress of Hybridisation in the United States,”
by Prof. L. H. Bailey, of Cornell University. At 5 p.m. the Conference
will adjourn, and at 6, for 6.30 p.m., the foreign members of the Conference
will be entertained at dinner on the kind invitation of the Horticultural
Club, under the presidency of Sir John T. D. Llewelyn, Bart., M.P., at the —
Hotel Windsor, Victoria Street.
On Wednesday, July 12th, the Conference will be continued at 117;
Victoria Street, S.W., at 2.15 p.m., and, after some introductory observations
by Dr. W. P. Focke, of Bremen, the Chairman of the day, papers on various
subjects will be read, including one on Hybrid and Cross-bred Orchids,
by Norman C. Cookson, Esq., F.R.H.S. The Conference will adjour®
at 5 p.m., after which the Society’s distinguished foreign guests will be
entertained at a banquet at the Whitehall Rooms of the Hotel Metropole,
at 6.30 for 7 p.m., under the Chairmanship of Sir-Trevor Lawrence, Bart
All persons interested in Hybridisation, or in cross-breeding, af
requested to assist by every means in their power, and are invited to se?
written information in the form of short notes for publication in the
Report of the Conference, or otherwise. All interested are invited, but —
special invitation has been sent to many well-known Hybridists and

Botanists, whose names, to the number of one hundred

, are appended 10 —
the programme. , a

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 45

In order that accurate results may be arrived at, and to facilitate
comparisons and deductions, cards will be supplied on application, for
each exhibit. Exhibitors are particularly requested to apply for these
cards, and to fill them up accurately and legibly beforehand, as the utility
of the Conference will largely depend upon this being carried out.

This programme may, of course, be somewhat modified according to
circumstances, but the meeting promises to be the most important event
in the Society’s year. The papers already announced promise to be
of unusual interest, and hybrids now occupy such a prominent position
in gardens that a considerable Exhibition may be anticipated.

CULTURE OF EPIDENDRUMS.

A CORRESPONDENT writes asking that we will describe briefly in the pages
of the Review the treatment for Epidendrum osmanthum (Godseffianum),
Hanburyi, radicans, and allied species, and this we have much pleasure in
doing, for these plants are deserving of more attention than they sometimes
receive. The two former belong to the pseudobulbous section of the genus,
the one being Brazilian, introduced with Cattleya labiata, the other
Mexican. Like E. atropurpureum they may be grown in the Cattleya or
Mexican house, on blocks or in pots, the latter being preferable. The pots
should be well drained, and the compost should consist of fibrous peat and
sphagnum, pressed firmly about the plant. They like plenty of water when
growing and if on blocks should during warm weather be moistened
daily with the syringe, and even when at rest should not be allowed to
become dry. They require plenty of light, and succeed best suspended
from the roof, and only shaded during hot bright sunshine. Care should
be taken in potting to disturb them as little as possible, and not to damage
the roots, for they appear not to like the process. As in the case of
Cattleyas, efforts should be made to induce good growths, and then to
mature them properly, which will stimulate them to bloom at the proper
season. FE, radicans has long reed-like stems, several feet high, and
rooting all the way up. It should therefore be placed in a pot of moderate
size, and may be trained on a trellis or on the roof of the house. In other
respects it agrees with the preceding as to treatment. Having no pseudo-
bulbs it is important that the plant should not be allowed to become dry, or
the leaves will shrivel and drop off before their time. When well grown it
flowers almost continually. Most of the Epidendrums may be successfully
grown with Cattleyas.

46 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

THE HYBRIDIST.
ZYGOBATEMANNIA X MASTERSII.

ANOTHER very interesting generic hybrid has now to be recorded. It is a

the result of crossing Zygopetalum crinitum with the pollen of Batemannia

Colleyi, and bears unmistakable evidence of its origin. It was raised by .

Messrs. Linden, L’Horticulture Internationale, Brussels, the seed having
been -sown in April, 1893, and Messrs. Linden now send a sketch of the |

plant, together with the four-flowered raceme. It is a fine strong plant,

apparently of very vigorous habit, with large ovoid-oblong diphyllous —

pseudobulbs about 3 inches long, and elliptical-lanceolate recurved leaves —

about g or Io inches long by 2 inches broad. The scape arches over, and
thus is most like the Batemannia, the flowering portion sent being 6 inches —

long, while the sketch shows about 2 inches more attached to the plant.

The bracts are } inch long and sheathing, much like the Batemannia, and —
the flowers also most resemble that parent, though much modified in detail.

The sepals and petals are subconnivent, blackish-brown, and the lip light

whitish yellow, closely lined with red-purple on the crest, which is much like —
that of the seed parent in its smaller size. The dorsal sepal and petals are an
inch long, and the lateral sepals 1} inches, and inserted on the foot of the —
column somewhat as in the pollen parent. The lip has small rounded side —
lobes, and the front lobe is broadly oblong and recurved. The column is 4
closely striped with purple brown, and most resembles the Zygopetalum —

parent, while the pollinarium is intermediate in character. The colour is
distinct, but cannot be called beautiful, though the hybrid is certainly a

remarkable one, and Messrs. Linden must be congratulated on their success:

= L#LIO-CATTLEYA X CAPPEI.
This isa very pretty hybrid, raised in the establishment of Messrs. Cappé
et fils, of Vesinet, Seine-et-Oise, from Lelia cinnabarina ¢ and Cattleya

Warscewiczii g. The seed was sown in April, 1895, and the first flowers —

expanded in December last, when the plant was under four years old. The
plant 1s most like the seed parent in general character, the longest bulb
being 5 inches long, surmounted by a leaf 10 inches long, but most like the
pollen parent in colour. The first spike produced four flowers, the sepals
and petals being over 2 inches long and clear light yellow in colour, while
the lip is trilobed, much crisped, and with the front lobe and tips of the
side lobes ot a pretty light rosy purple shade, the remainder, including the
throat, being yellow. It has obviously not yet reached its full development,
in fact it promises to be one of the best of the Lelia cinnabarina hybrids.

Fete

=

a ae ase

een

Feats ze
x hee et ATES Ch a Zi

Like most of the hybrids from the latter, it has a good constitution, each —

bulb showing a marked advance on its predecessor, and we shall hope t°
hear of it again at its next time of flowering.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 47

PAPHIOPEDILUM X MADIOTIANUM.

A distinct and striking hybrid raised in the same establishment as the
preceding, from Paphiopedilum villosum ? and P. Chamberlainianum ¢,
whose characters it combines in a very effective way. It is of strong and
robust habit, and the scape has the racemose character of the pollen
parent, the first scape bearing four flowers, two of which were open together.
The dorsal sepal is 2 inches long, and much resembles that of P. Chamber-
lainianum in shape, the basal third being shining brown, with about eleven
similar nerves running up into the green area above. The petals are
2} inches long, and most like P. villosum in shape and colour, but the
brown veining is: more distinctly reticulated, and the margins much
undulate and ciliate. The lip is 2 inches long, with the elongated shape of
P. villofum, and the colour uniform light brown; and the staminode is
broadly elliptical, convex, 5 lines long, and covered with short erect brown
hairs. The colours of the two parents do not neutralise each other in the
hybrid, as is sometimes the case, and it is a decided acquisition to the
group. Messrs. Cappe wish it be dedicated to M. Madiot, of Fougéres,
Ille-et-Vilaine, France, a great lover of Orchids.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X ENDYMION.

This is a distinct and interesting hybrid raised in the collection of
Reginald Young, Esq., of Liverpool, whose history is given by Mr. Young
in the following note :—

‘On the 20th March, 1893, my gardener, Mr. Thos. J. Poyntz, crossed
a bloom of P. barbatum grandiflorum with the pollen of P. Mastersianum.
In due time the pod ripened, and the seed was sown on the 27th November,
1893, on a pot of P. X Ashburtonz superbum. Time passed and no seed-
lings made their appearance, and as the Ashburtone required re-potting,
this was done in October, 1895. On the 17th August, 1895, three seedlings
had been discovered on an adjoining pot, one of which subsequently died.
No suspicion was entertained at the time as to their origin, but now that
one is in flower, there can be no doubt that they originated from the above
cross. A few seeds must have dropped or been wafted on to the pot on
which they were found. Both parents are distinctly represented in this
new hybrid, in sepal, petals, pouch, and staminode.” With the final remark
we fully agree, for no one who knows these two species well could fail to
trace their characters in the hybrid. As compared with P. Mastersianum,
the dorsal sepal is enlarged, and bears about seventeen stripes, which are
purple towards the margin. The petals are nearly but not quite horizontal,
24 inches long, suffused with purple towards the apex, and with the warts and
spots larger and more distinct than in P. Mastersianum. The lip approaches
the last named in shape and P. barbatum in colour, while the staminode is
almost that of the latter, It is a very interesting addition to the group.

48 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

os PAPHIOPEDILUM X CALLOSO-BARBATUM.

This is a hybrid raised in the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge
Hall, Bury, by Mr. Rogers, from P. callosum ? and P. barbatum Warneri
g. The two are so nearly allied that a hybrid between them cannot be
very distinct, but it is good, and will probably prove to be very vigorous and
floriferous. It may be described as a somewhat enlarged well coloured
barbatum with the petals somewhat falcate. Being the first time of flower-
ing it has probably not yet attained its full development. Messrs.
Charlesworth & Co. exhibited a plant under this name last November.

PAPH UM X ZENO.

Raised in the same collection as the preceding from P.tonsum ¢ and P.
Boxallii ¢, whose characters it combines. The dorsal sepal is .reflexed,
nerved with blackish purple, and slightly spotted at the sides. The petals
are quite devoid of cilia, and bear a number of small blackish spots on the
lower half. The characters of the two species, however, have neutralised
each other too much to be very effective.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X Jaco.

A hybrid between P. Dayanum 2? and P. villosum ¢, raised in the same — ;
collection as the preceding. It is a large and bold flower but rather pale m
colour, being about intermediate between the parents in this respect. The —
dorsal sepal is closely nerved and almost suffused with dark purple brown
below, and reticulated with the same colour above, while the petals are
suffused with pale purple and bear rather long ciliz, and the lip still lighter
in colour.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X BARBATO-CHARLESWORTHII.

In the autumn of 1893, Paphiopedilum Charlesworthii flowered for the —
first time in Europe, and now a hybrid from it has flowered, and has been
described under the name of Cypripedium xX barbato -Charlesworthii —
(O’Brien, in Gard. Chron., Jan. 7, p. 3). It is one of a small batch raised
in the collection of W. H. Lumsden, Esq., Balmedie, Aberdeen, N.B., 2
from P.barbatum Warnerianum ¢ and P. Charlesworthii ¢,and presents —
the usual intermediate characters, though it is most like the pollen parent —
in the flower. The leaves are said to be variegated, as in the seed parent,
though like the pollen parent in other respects. The dorsal sepal is
slightly concave, bright rosy purple on the lower half, with indistinct —
green lines, the rest being white, reticulated with rose purple, which grows :
lighter towards the apex. The petals are more horizontal than in P-
Charlesworthii, veined and tinged with dull rose ona light ground. The]
lip is greenish white, with darker veining, and a brownish purple tinge in
front; and the staminode pale lilac, with a greenish yellow keel in the
centre. It is a brightly coloured and promising hybrid, :

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 49

ODONTOGLOSSUM CHIRIQUENSE.

THE annexed figure represents the fine specimen of Odontoglossum chiri-
quense, Rchb. f., which was exhibited by W. G. Groves, Esq., Hole-
hird, Windermere, at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on July
12th last, under the name of O. coronarium, and to which a Silver Flora
Medal was awarded in recognition of its excellent culture. A comparison
shews that it is not the typical O. coronarium, Lindl., but what has been

Fic. 8. ODONTOGLOSSUM CHIRIQUENSE.

called var. chiriquense, Veitch (Man. Orch.,i, p- 23), and in reality a distinct
though allied species, O. chiriquense, Rchb. f. (in Bot. Zett., 1852, p. 692).
It was originally discovered by Warscewicz on the Cordillera of Chiriqui, at
8000 to gooo feet elevation, and is said to have been first introduced to
cultivation some thirty or more years later by Messrs. F. Sander and Co., of

50 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

St. Albans. It was also introduced direct by M. Vuylsteke, of Loochristi,
who flowered and exhibited it at Paris in 1889, after which it passed into
the collection of M. Jules Hye, of Ghent. The late Richard Pfau speaks of
its habitat in Costa Rica as very restricted (Orch. Rev., ii, p. 296). It 1s
readily distinguished from O. coronarium by its far larger flowers, with very
undulate sepals and petals. The flowers on a strong plant measure over
three inches in diameter, and are red-brown in colour with the exception of
the lip, which is yellow. Mr. Groves’ plant is on a raft about 3ft. long by
23ft. broad, the raft being covered with living sphagnum moss, which is kept
constantly moist. Ordinary Cool house treatment is given, and the plant
thrives splendidly, having increased three-fold in size during the three years
that it has been in the collection. When exhibited at the Drill Hall the
plant carried two strong inflorescences, about three feet high, and these
bore respectively thirty-one and thirty-two flowers, as shown in the picture.
It is a noble species when thus grown, and the flowers are much hand:
somer than they appear in the figure, for this colour seldom comes out well
in a photograph. Mr. Groves remarks, that the sphagnum is covered with
small sundews (Drosera rotundifolia) which thrive splendidly in the moist

medium. Some of these may be seen in flower if the picture is examined —

with a lens, but they are much more distinct in the original photograph.

LALIO-CATTLEYA x DOMINIANA LANGLEYENSIS.

We have received from Messrs. James Veitch and Sons a four-flowered
inflorescence of the above beautiful hybrid, which received a First-class
Certificate trom the R.H.S. on October 11th last. It was raised from
Lelia purpurata ? and Cattleya Dowiana 3g, and thus settles a doubt
about the parentage of the original type, which flowered just twenty years
previously. It was originally described by Reichenbach under the
name of Lelia x Dominiana, as follows :—‘ All the staff of the
Veitchian nursery was in great excitement lately about ‘the seedling.
The seedling had flowered. ‘The seedling!’ you say, wondering, since
there are thousands and thousands of seedlings at the Royal Exotic
Nursery. You are-right ; but the seedling kai exochen was understood by 4
kind of universal suffrage to be Mr. Dominy’s seedling, a cross betwee?
Cattleya Dowiana and some Lelia, probably elegans. There were three

beautiful buds, and one expanded on Sunday, August 11, just at 12 o’clock, —

to the ecstacy of those present. The plant has the habit of a Venezuelan
Cattleya Mossiz, but the leaves are longer, and remind one of Lelia elegans-

noe eRe eae

:

Melisa aed) l= at ah yen eee eee

a

The sepals are light purple, with dark reticulations, which remind one of

the first named species. The petals and lip are nearly those of C. Dowiana,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 51

even to the diameter. The lip has nothing of the yellow of that species,
but its deep blackish-purple makes a wonderful impression. The pollinia
are exactly like those of Laelia elegans. The wishes of Messrs. Harry and
Arthur Veitch coincided in the dedication of this beauty to Mr. Dominy,
whose merits are too well known to require me to speak more of them.
The plant received the most distinguished of London and suburban visitors
at its domicile, and then crossed the Channel for Versailles, and now two
of the flowers lie before one very distinctly, showing the fatigues of
travelling and of being exhibited.” Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1878, x. p. 332.

Two plants were originally raised, the second of them, having white sepals
and petals faintly flushed with amethyst purple on the distal half, and a
much paler lip, being described as L. X Dominiana rosea (Douglas in Gard.
Chron., 1881, xvi., pp. 53, 108). This received a First-class Certificate from
the Royal Botanical Society in 1881, and Mr. Douglas stated that it was
the last of Mr. Dominy’s seedlings, which was raised fifteen years previously
from L. X exoniensis crossed with C. Dowiana, and was then flowering
for the first time.

_ Commenting on the uncertainty about the parentage, Messrs. Veitch
suggested that the type might yet have to be relegated to Cattleya, as one
parent was unquestionably C. Dowiana, and the probability was great that
C. Mossiz was the other; but respecting the variety they surmised that
Lelia purpurata was used. ‘‘ Be the parents what they may,” they add,
‘‘both forms are exceedingly handsome and distinct from all other hybrids.
We are not without hope that the numerous seedlings in our nursery that
have not yet flowered, but whose parentages have been carefully registered,
may eventually afford the means of determining the parentage of both the
above.” (Vettch Man. O. ii., p. 95). This was in 1887, and at last the
matter has been set at rest, for the unequal pollinia of the type show that
one parent must have been a Lelia. It has since been suggested, mainly
on account of the dark sepals and petals, that this plant had Lelia
Boothiana for the second parent (Rolfe in Gard. Chron., 1889, vi., p. 79);
but this idea may now be given up. Both plants passed into Baron
Schréder’s fine collection.

It now appears that the parentage might have been settled earlier, had
the necessary comparison been made, for Lelio-cattleya x Sir William
Ingram, which received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. in April, 1896,
was raised in the collection of C. Ingram, Esq., of Godalming, from L.
purpurata ¢ and C. Dowiana ¢ (O. R., iv., p. 156); and L.-c. X
Apollonia, which received a similar award in November following, when
exhibited by Mr. James Douglas, of Great Bookham (O.R., v. p. 26), was
also derived from the same parentage. Then L.-c. X tyntesfieldensis, from
the collection of G. W. Law Schofield, Esq., which received a First-class

52 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Certificate at the Temple Show in 1897, was described as clearly originating
from the same two species. Yet again, in June, 1897, Messrs. F. Sander
and Co. received an Award of Merit for L.-c. x Empress of India, derived
from L. purparata Brysiana X C. Dowiana. Of course all will now rank
as forms or varieties of L.-c. X Dominiana. Other seedlings are i
existence, both from the same and the reversed cross, which have not yet
flowered, so that the hybrid is likely to become more common in future ; @
fortunate circumstance, for the long list of awards above cited afford
sufficient evidence as to its beauty.

PAPHIOPEDILUM x FITCHIANUM.

THIS is a most floriferous winter-flowering hybrid, being unsurpassed, if no
unequalled, by any other which we are acquainted with. A small oF
medium-sized plant will throw up quite a mass of flowers just at the dullest
season of the year, and if only they were more brilliant in colour it would
be quite an ideal plant, for it is a robust grower, and the leaves are
extremely handsome, being regularly blotched with dark green ona pale
grey ground. In fact, it is worth growing for its foliage alone. It was
raised by Messrs. B. S. Williams and Son, and is figured as Cypripedium
x Fitchianum in the Orchid Album (viii., t. 350). It is described as 4
hybrid between C. Hookere and C. barbatum, owing to which it is classed
by Hansen as a synonym of C. x marmorophyllum. Some mistake, how-
ever, has been made, for there is no trace of C. barbatum either in the
flowers or leaves, while on the contrary, the characters of C. venustum
are strongly stamped upon both, affording unmistakable evidence that that
species was one of the parents. The second parent is not quite so certain.
Williams cites C. x Atys asa synonym (Orch. Gr. Man., ed. 7, p. 260), but
that is descended from C. Hookere @ and C. venustum ¢. Moreover, that
has a larger, rounder staminode than the ‘present one, and bears about the
same relation to it that C. Hookere bears to C. Bullenianum. These two
species are remarkably alike in general character, but the latter has @
smaller, less highly-coloured flower, with a staminode of scarcely half the
size, which facts indicate pretty clearly that C. Bullenianum, not C-
Hooker, was the second parent. Those who possess this hybrid should
try the effect of crossing it with some neat highly-coloured form, not too
different in other respects, for its floriferous habit and handsome foliage are
too good to be neglected. If the shape and colour could be improved

without sacrificing other characters the experiment would not be made
In vain,

ar asi Ne ee as ese bi ae te
* is

Ex ate as Ree

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 53

ORCHIDS AT ELMFIELD, SELLY OAK, BIRMINGHAM.

ELMFIELD, the residence of H. W. Elliott, Esq., J.P., has not hitherto been
famed far and wide for its Orchids, and a visitor may therefore feel a little
surprised at finding there a comparatively complete and well grown col-
lection, having but few equals in the: neighbourhood. There are four houses
devoted mainly to Orchids.

The East Indian house is a low-built, span-roofed house, containing
many plants of exceptional merit, among which may be mentioned a fine
batch of Phalenopsis Schilleriana with healthy glossy leaves, one fine plant
being already in bloom. There is also a very fine useful lot of Cypripediums,
such as C. Spicerianum, a fine batch, C. Stonei, in bloom, and grand
plants of C. philippinense, x De Witt Smith, Lawrenceanum, Mastersianum,
x Harrisianum, callosum, cenanthum superbum, Charlesworthii, x
Charles Canham, superbiens, Curtisii, Chamberlainianum, and, among
Tropical American kinds, C. caudatum, xX Schroedere, x cardinale, x
grande, X Ainsworthii, &c. Two specimens of Miltonia spectabilis
Moreliana were particularly fine, seeming perfectly at home growing on
trunks of wood set up endways in pots. Nice healthy plants of the winter
blooming Angraecum sesquipedale were noted in flower; also a fine plant of
Catasetum Bungerothii, which I was informed is in the habit of producing
nine flowers on a spike.

Another department, known as the Stove, the temperature of which
resembles a Warm Intermediate house, contains a splendid lot of healthy
plants of Lelia purpurata, with beautiful dark green foliage, and fine plants
of Coelogyne cristata, C. Massangeana, Lelia anceps, L. Perrinii, Lzlio-
cattleya x elegans, a noble looking type which usually bears seven and
eight flowers on a spike.

In the next house, an Intermediate one, may be seen splendid healthy
specimens of Cymbidium giganteum and C. eburneum, a good collection of
Cattleyas, C. Trianz alba and C. Percivaliana being now in flower, good
examples of Miltonias vexillaria, Aerides crispum, Lelia glauca and L.
Digbyana, Vanda suavis, Odontoglossum citrosmum, O. Rossii, O.
pulchellum majus, Sobralia macrantha, Sophronitis grandiflora, also a nice
batch of Masdevallia tovarensis, looking pleased with their position on a
shelf. Perhaps the most delightful sight here was an exceptionally robust
specimen of Cattleya Warscewiczii (gigas). It is a shy flowering species,
hence no doubt to some extent the secret of its enormous pseudobulbs, and
broad, thick, green, leathery foliage and roots, which nearly cover the
outside of the pot. The bulbs can be counted back for many years, but
none has ever bloomed. It will probably soon do so, when it will be
interesting to watch.

54 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

In the Cool house there is a grand healthy lot of Masdevallias of the
Harryana, Veitchiana, and ignea group. They are staged against a wall,
which forms the back part of the house, and which is overlapped slightly by
the branches of trees, thus the position is at once sheltered, cool, moist and
shady, which I expect accounts for their freshness of colour—the usual
black marks on the under surface of the leaves being absent—and their
general healthiness. A very fine large bulbed plant of Oncidium macran-
thum was noted, also good plants of Odontoglossum crispum, Harryanum,
Pescatorei, triumphans, Cypripedium insigne, Cattleya citrina, Lycaste
Skinneri alba, Dendrobium infundibulum, and Epidendrum vitellinum, the
whole forming a pretty and useful collection, in excellent health, reflects
great credit on the able management of Mr. A. Darby, Mr. Elliott’s
gardener. yo oe

ORCHIDS FROM BURY.

WE have received from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge
Hall, Bury, a series of beautiful cut Paphiopedilums in further illustration
of their great value as winter blooming Orchids. The earlier communica-
tion referred to is the beautiful photograph reproduced at page 17.

First among the present examples may be mentioned half-a-dozen
varieties of P. insigne, one of which, called subfuscum, is markedly distinct.
The form is very good, and the spots on the dorsal sepal are more or less
confluent into irregular lines, and of that light brown shade so often seen os
the petals of this species. The others belong to the Chantini type, with
large dark spots, of which so many have been named, though they are very
ill-defined in books, and one of these has also numerous small distinct spots
on the petals.

The remainder are hybrids, several of them well known and of sterling
merit. Three are insigne hybrids, namely, P. xX Leeanum, a pale nearly
unspotted form, P. x Sallieri Hyeanum (the second parent P. villosum), and
P. X Swinburnei (insigne x Argus); and the second, at all events, is an
improvement, for the petals are beautifully spotted as well as the dorsal
sepal, while both shape and colour are excellent. P. x Mrs. Maynard (P.
X nitens X Boxallii) has also retained much of the
spotting of the dorsal
characters of P. Box

insigne character in the
sepal. P. X Calypso is very effective, combining the
allii and P. Spicerianum. There are also two fine

P. X politum is probably
P. barbatum and P. venustum. A seedling

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 55

from P. Dayanum ¢ and P. Boxallii ¢ must be referred to P. x Scylla,
and is chiefly remarkable for the very dark, almost black basal half of the
dorsal sepal. Another seedling is from P. Curtisii ¢ and P. villosum eo
from which two species P. X St. Hilda was derived. It is most like the former
in shape, and good in colour, but the petals and lip are disproportionately
large as compared with the dorsal sepal. A two-flowered scape is marked
as of unknown parentage, but bears much resemblance to P. X Harrisianum,
and may be a form of that or a seedling from it. The flowers are almost
without exception large and very well developed, and their condition reflects
great credit on Mr. Rogers, Mr. Wrigley’s gardener. Three other seedlings
are described on another page.

MACODES ROLLISSONI, }

In the sixth edition of Williams’ Orchid Grower’s Manual, published in
1885, an Orchid is described uuder the name of Goodyera Rollissoni,
Hort. (p. 366), as follows :—< A most distinct and beautiful species. The
leaves are rich dark green, margined, striped, and blotched with pale yellow
on the upper side, whilst below they are of a rich velvety purple. A most
desirable plant and one that should be in every collection. Native country
not known.”” In Stein’s Orchideenbuch (p. 274) it is given under the name of
Hemaria Rollissonii, Lind., with the synonyms Ancectochilus Rollissonii,
Lind. and Goodyera Rollissonii, Hort., and the habitat is recorded as Malay
Islands. The source of these additional names and the habitat, I have
failed to discover. Still later, in seventh edition of Williams’ Manual
(p. 411) it appears as Goodyera Rollissoni, Gower, and it is said to have
been originally imported by Messrs. Rollisson and Son, of Tooting, the
habitat having been lost, because the original plant came up in the mixed
débris of several importations. A plant has now flowered in the collection
of H. J. Elwes, Esq., Colesborne, Gloucestershire, and proves it to be a
species of Macodes, though distinct from the species previously known,
hence the above name. The flowers are much like those of Macodes
argyroneura, Rolfe (Kew Bull., 1896, p. 47; Hemaria argyroneura, Mig.
Choix Pl. Rar. Jard. Buitenz., t. 16, fig. 1), though the veins of the leaves
are different both in arrangement and colour. In the present species the
transverse veins on either side of the midrib are very oblique, and all are
yellow instead of silvery white. It is interesting to be able to refer the
plant to its correct genus. M. argyroneura does not appear to be cultivated
in Europe.
; R. A. ROLFE.

56 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR FEBRUARY.
By H. A. BuRBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

THE temperatures and general management of the various departments for
this month will vary but little from the figures and directions given for the
preceding one. The sun will, of course, increase in power, so also will the
temperatures of the houses slightly increase in warmth under its beneficial
influence during the day. Such additional warmth is of immense value to
all kinds of Orchids at this season ; they soon respond to its magic power,
and rapidly pass from a state of comparative inactivity, into one of renewed
life and active growth.

This will be more marked among the purely deciduous, and semi-
deciduous, species than it will among the evergreen kinds. By the two
former, I allude to the Dendrobiums, Ccelogynes, Catasetums, Mormodes,
Habenarias, Thunias, Calanthes, Cyrtopodiums, and such like, most of
which enjoy a long dry rest; while among the latter are the Cattleyas and
Lelias, Oncidiums and Odontoglossums, Epidendrums, Lycastes, Cypri-
pediums, Aérides and allied genera, Cymbidiums, Miltonias, Sophronitis,
Phalenopsis, Trichopilias, and such like kinds, which also require a good
rest, but mostly of shorter duration and less rigorous. These although
equally enjoying the sunshine, and benefitting by its genial warmth, are yet
at this season slower of growth, consequently evidences of new life and
activity are less apparent than in the case of the aforementioned deciduous
genera.

This brings me to an important cultural point, upon which I should like
to place special stress. When these deciduous kinds, as, for instance, the
Thunias, Pleiones, or some of the Dendrobiums, as D. Wardianum, and
among the half deciduous kinds D. nobile, D x Ainsworthii, and many
others, commence to grow rapidly from the base, as is natural for them to
do at this season, it is frequently thought that the sooner they can be
subjected to strong heat, in order to encourage such growth, the stronger and
better they willbe. Such an idea is wrong, and such hot treatment at this
early season is, to say the least, most undesirable. Think of the quality of
the growths which would result from a stimulus supplied mostly from the
hot water pipes. Such undue forcing would certainly weaken all Orchids
grown under such conditions. We do not want weakly, debilitated, long
and spindly new growths that will not beara puff of fresh air, and will
scarcely bear looking at or touching, let alone repotting, without collapsing.
We want growths that will produce pseudobulbs and roots, making alto-
gether a plant capable of withstanding sun and air in liberal quantities, cold
and heat, sudden fluctuations of the thermometer, without unduly suffering.
A plant that is hardy and strong can produce its blossoms without showing

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 57

distressing signs of exhaustion, as excessive shrivelling or immature decay
of the pseudobulbs, and some of the roots, the thin flimsy foliage more or
less spotted with disease, and other evident signs of loss of vitality produced
by a false impression or an utter disregard of their natural requirements.

To secure such ideal plants, it becomes necessary to grow each
individual one as hardy as its constitution will permit. Asa general rule,
the days in their native habitat are hot, but the nights are cold, therefore
we may allow the sun free play during this month to brighten and warm
up the temperature of our houses, of course regulating the same in each
compartment with a greater or lesser supply of fresh air, according to
circumstances. If the ventilation is properly done, enough will be admitted
to prevent anything like a stuffy or forcing atmosphere. If the days are
sunless, no attempt must be made to keep up such a high temperature as
on sunny days, but the figures recommended for last month should be
observed. The same night temperatures should be continued, always,
maintaining bottom ventilation whenever the outside weather will permit.
Various species may appear to be ready and willing to grow apace, but
they must still undergo the same steady, quiet, winter treatment, which
alone will keep them sturdy and healthy. All the necessary growth
requirements can be supplied later on, and the result will be thick, sturdy
pseudobulbs of about the same dimensions as the imported ones, well-
matured by the extra light, heat, and air then available.

Scarcely can it be said that any re-potting need take place this month
unless it is those of the Cypripediums which have done blooming and
require more pot room, and these may be done now. Cypripediums
require a reasonable amount of pot room for their roots, though they may
easily be over-potted, and it is best to err on the side of a pot too
small rather than one over large. A _ plant with too much pot
room, even though it might grow well, would never flower so freely
as one rather cramped for space. A compost well suiting the
requirements of these plants, with but few exceptions, is one composed of
about two parts of lumpy peat—not necessarily the best fibrous quality—
one part of chopped sphagnum moss, and the fourth part made up with a
little turfy fibrous loam, broken charcoal and mortar rubbish, the whole
being well mixed together, forming a body containing sufficient food stuff
for their general requirements. A few bones and other manures mixed in
has been tried, but with doubtful success, and anything stronger than the
above I cannot recommend. The pots, which of course, must always be
perfectly clean, should be filled, one third with drainage, covered -with a
thin layer of moss, after which the necessary compost should be added,
making it moderately firm, and leaving the crown of the plant about level
with the rim of the pot. After re-potting, keep moist to prevent shrivelling

58 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

and to promote new growth, but avoid getting the new materials saturated

s have entered it. :
hee ane to the above compost are few, but must be ee
The C. bellatulum and concolor group are much better potted inc “_
soil, or, failing this, a mixture may be prepared of broken ea
stiff yellow loam in equal parts. The potting should be done ae pe
firm, pressing it down with the thumb and fingers, using about ber
amount of drainage as advised above. Water when the soil ue. We.
exactly as one would do with any other exotic plant potted in or pS
soil. These species are best suited in a light position in the Interme 7m
house, as indeed are the majority of the species. There are a few ii 1c
grow a little more strongly in the East Indian house, as C. tee
Rothschildianum, Sanderianum, Stonei, and what we have been calling t e€
Selenipedium group, still they grow readily enough under intermediate
treatment. Then, again, some few species like C. insigne, mae
and villosum are sometimes said to grow best in the Cool house; a
certainly they grow well enough there, but hardly so fine, I think, as in
the Intermediate department.

Newly imported Orchids will also require potting or basketing as they
become sufficiently advanced. No delay should take place before these
new arrivals are placed in the right way to establish themselves, for they
have experienced enough hardships and privations already, by their long
journey and drought, and have been cast about here and there as though
they were nothing but dried sticks, until their vitality has become well-
nigh exhausted. When we get them home this should terminate, and,
instead of neglecting them further, they should be attended to immediately ‘
Firstly, trim away all dead matter—roots, leaves, bulbs, in fact, everything
that can reasonably be supposed to be useless—then procure fresh, moist
sphagnum moss, and place a good, thick layer on some boards on the
stage, and on it should be placed the plants,

propped up, if possible, in
an upright position,

so that the roots receive the moisture. Keep the
moss damp, and also shade pretty heavily from direct sunshine for the
first few days. Under this treatment, res
and, unless too far gone,
by, new roots will be seen to be
y potted up in the desired receptacles
and treated like an established plant.
I have again, I am sorry to say,
quarters respecting the Cattleya Fly.
brought in by newly imported Cattleyas.
the pest, this is no reason why newly im
bought, for it is exceedingly simple and

received complaints from various
It has, in all instances, been
But to anyone acquainted with
ported Cattleyas should not be
easy to prevent the spread of

Se en ee eae eee ee

THE ORCHID REVIENW. 59

this insect. The directions are as follows :—Firstly, remove all old
_ pseudobulbs or new growths which bear traces of having bred, or are
still breeding this pest, and burn them. The old pseudobulbs may still
afford shelter for the adults, whilst the premature new breaks may be in
the act of breeding young. Afterwards, let the plants be subjected to
fumigation with X. L. All insecticide. This having been done the rest
is easy. The plants may go through their natural course of resuscitation
and eventually be potting-up, the only further fear of the fly being that
some few of the eyes, yet dormant, may contain living eggs of the insect,
but this time only can prove. As these new eyes develop into young
breaks or growths, a sharp look-out must be kept on them, and, probably,
it will be found that about ten per cent. are really affected. This can be
told by the abnormal growth at the base, whilst the apex appears to taper
off to a point more than usual and makes but little headway. These
should be cut off and burnt. Under this treatment, all dread of the fly
disappears. If, however, these newly imported plants are allowed to breed
the flies, and they escape, there is no telling what trouble may ensue, for
the adults would then be free to attack every Cattleya in the house, the
only cure for which would be the cutting off of the new growths and
ruin of the plants.

There are two seasons when Masdevallias may be re-potted; one of
these is during the present month, or before flowering, and the other from
June to July, or after flowering. I prefer the former. Many of these may
therefore now be done, which will relieve the work to some extent in the
busy months of June and July. M. Harryana and its numerous varieties,
M. ignea, and M. Veitchiana, are now just becoming very active, emitting
new roots in great profusion, which quickly take hold of the new compost,
and thus the plants soon become re-established, and look none the worse
for the disturbance.

As a compost none is better adapted for the free growth of these
than that advised for Cypripediums. The draining of the pots and the
method of potting should also be performed in the same manner. Lean
also towards small pots, for the plants can be the better secured and are
much more likely to grow well than if having too much pot room.
Throughout the winter up till now Masdevallias will have been receiving
but little water, but now, after re-potting, the compost should be kept just
moist enough to encourage root action. The warmest end of the Cool
house, or a cool, moist part of the Intermediate house suits them well
during winter, but during summer the former is decidedly the best.

Miltonia vexillaria is another Orchid that can be re-potted at this early
season with great advantage, as it commences now to make an abundance
of roots. If done now, the plants quickly re-establish themselves, and by

60 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the time they should flower are perfectly well able to bear the strain.
These also may be left until after blooming, yet I am inclined to favour -
the present time. Re-potting need only take place once in two years.
The new foliage is very apt to get crinkled in the course of its growth,
according to the nature of the seasons, but it really does no harm, as the
pseudobulb forms up equally large and healthy. Should this species be
attacked with yellow thrip, lose no time in putting down in the axils a
sprinkling of tobacco powder.

Disas, of course, have been kept pretty short of water throughout the
winter, aud occupying a cool position, which they must still be allowed to
' enjoy.. They will now be starting to grow rather more actively, and
should receive a slightly increased amount of water at the root, and more
liberal supplies as the season advances.

Cattleya Warscewiczii will now be breaking into growth. It mostly
happens that a large percentage of these are exceedingly shy bloomers,
whilst the remainder flower as regularly and freely as any other species
without any extra treatment. The only way to induce the shy ones to
bloom is not only to give them a very dry rest, but also to stint with water
until the new growth gets several inches high. This will sometimes force
them into bloom, but it is no royal or certain road to success. They are
generally very fine varieties when they do bloom. Be careful not to carry
this drought system too far, or the plant will turn yellow and become weak,
making the cure worse than the disease.

WATERING ODONTOGLOSSUMS IN WINTER.

SPEAKING of watering Odontoglossums in winter M
22, remarks :—‘‘The plants should all, without exception, be kept on the
dry side—that is to say, let the compost get pretty dry before giving water.”
And on the next page he says that they should “still be kept moderately
short of water at the root.” This I fear will be the death of many plants in

the hands of amateurs. I don’t believe the word dry should ever be used
respecting Odontoglossums.

r. Burberry, on page

G. W.
(Mr. Burberry may

perhaps have rather overstated the case, but on page
12 he also says :—

“Water just sufficient to maintain plumpness in the

We should be glad to have the opinions of others on this
subject.”—Ep. ]

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 61

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID
SOCIETY.

A MEETING of this Society was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on
January 12th, 1899, when many fine Orchids were staged. The following
members of the committee were present :—Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the
. Chair), Law-Schofield, Warburton, Greenwood, Leemann, Weathers, John-
son, Holmes, Robson and Mills (hon. sec.).

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), showed Cypri-
pedium X nitens magnificum, a very beautiful and distinct form (First-class
Certificate) ; C. X Dautheri Albino (Award of Merit); C. x Germinyanum
(Award of Merit) ; a fine specimen of Oncidium cheirophorum with some
twenty spikes of bloom (Cultural Certificate), and Lycaste X Ballize, which
received a First-class Certificate at the last meeting but one.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitfield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed
Cypripedium insigne Sanderianum (First-class Certificate); C. X nitens
Lucianianum, and C. x vexillarium superbum (Award of Merit).

S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed Cattleya
Trianz Mrs. S. Gratrix (Award of Merit); Cypripedium x nitens superbum,
very fine (Award of Merit); C. xX Chapmanii (Award of Merit), C. xX
Ceres, C. X Mrs. Margaret Hye (Award of Merit); C. x Calypso,
C. X Bellona superbum, C. x Alcides, and several unnamed seedlings.

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill), showed C “ypri-
pedium X Measuresiz (First-class Certificate).

John Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Cattleya
Triane, Lelia Gouldiana (First-class Certificate); Cypripedium x T. B.
Haywood (Award ot Merit); C. x Sallieri Hyeanum, C. X Smithii, C.
insigne ; C. X Lathamianum giganteum, and Odontoglossum crispum. The
same exhibitor was awarded a Silver Medal for a very fine group in which
the above were included.

Henry Greenwood, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Gill), showed Cypripedium
x Mons. de Curte (Award of Merit), and another called C. x Gillianum
(Boxalli atratum X Leeanum superbum), which received a similar award.
This we should call a variety of C. xX Adrastus. A small group by this
exhibitor was also awarded a Vote of Thanks.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed Cypripedium
callosum magnificum, a splendid form of exceptional size and very good in
colour (First-class Certificate); C. xX nitens magnificum the same
variety as referred to in the earlier part of our report cor class
Certificate); C. insigne Dormanianum (Award of Merit); C. i. Luciani
(Award of Merit), C. i. subfuscum, C. i. Upland’s sae with
small flower, but otherwise much like Harefield Hall variety; C. x Mons,

62 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

de Curte (Award of Merit); C. X Jupiter (Award of Merit); C. x Leeanum
aureum (Award of Merit): C. x Mrs. Maynard, a pretty variety but not
strongly grown. This exhibitor staged a very select group of Cypripediums,
in which the above were included, and was awarded a Silver Medal.

D. B. Rappart, Esq., Liscard (gr., Mr. Nicholson), showed Cypripedium
x Harrisianum albens (Award of Merit).

H. H. Bolton, Esq., Newchurch (gr., Mr. Eastwood), showed Dendro- |
bium X Andromeda (Leechianum xX Cassiope) to which an Award of Merit
was given.

Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, showed Cypripedium x Eury-
ades magnificum, C. xX Lathamianum inversum, and a seedling derived
from C. Chamberlainianum x Leeanum giganteum (Award of Merit). This
may be considered as a variety of Paphiopedilum X Chamber-Leeanum
(supra, vi. p. 18).

Messrs. Heath and Son, Cheltenham, showed a well grown plant and
excellent form of Cypripedium Rothschildianum Elliottianum, for which
both an Award of Merit and a Cultural Certificate were given.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THE first meeting of the year was held at the Drill Hall, James Street,
Westminster, on January roth, when a good display of winter-blooming
Orchids was brought together, and a particularly interesting feature was the
appearance of the first artificially raised hybrid Angraecum, from the
establishment of Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, which is described below.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
White), showed the handsome yellow Sophronitis Rossiteriana, which
chiefly differs from S. grandiflora in colour, and is probably a variety of it.
It received an Award of Merit.

Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray),
showed Calanthe x Cooksoni,C. x Sibyl, a finer, pure white form, the
carmine-tinted C. x Phoebe, and a fine hybrid Cypripedium recorded as C.
bellatulum X hirsutissimum, but which the Committee decided should be
named C. X Schofieldianum superbum. It was large, with cream-white
ground and evenly-spotted with dark purple. An Award of Merit was given.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), showed
the handsome Cypripedium x J. Howes, a fine form of C. insigne, and a
rather sparsely spotted form of C. bellatulum with yellowish white ground,
called Dulcote variety, to which an Award of Merit was given.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), showed
a large rosy form of Lelia anceps called var. Titania, and L.. a. rosefieldi-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 63

ensis, a dark variety with very richly-coloured lip, to which an Award of
Merit was given.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
showed a plant of Phalenopsis amabilis (Blume), which had been in the
collection since 1884, and flowers of P. a. aurea, P. Aphrodite, Schilleriana,
Stuartiana, X leucorrhoda (from the Downside collection), and its variety
casta, all from plants which had been at Clare Lawn for many years.

W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., West Hill, Hessle, near Hull (gr. Mr. Barker),
sent a fine form of Cymbidium Tracyanum.

F. M. Burton. Esq., sent a good inflorescence of Lelia anceps Amesiana.

Sir William Marriott, Down House, Blandford (gr. Mr. Denny), showed
the handsome Lelia x Latona splendens.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr.
Chapman), sent the handsome Cypripedium x Buchanianum magnificum,
and a large lightly-spotted form of C. insigne called C. i. Arthurianum.

Henry Tate, Esq., Allerton Beeches, Liverpool, showed three seedling
Cypripediums supposed to have been derived from C. Boxallii and
C. X nitens superbum, under the names of C. x Parkerianum Tate’s var.,
C. X Sirdar, and C. x Cromer.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, staged
a choice group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. The chief
feature of interest was the new Angraecum xX Veitchii, the first artificial
hybrid in the genus, and derived from A. sesquipedale ¢ and A. superbum
$. It is a striking plant, fairly intermediate in character, and bore a
raceme of three flowers and one bud, much like A. sesquipedale, but with a
short spur. A First-class Certificate was awarded to the plant, and a
Silver Flora Medal to Mr. J. Seden, its raiser. Another interesting plant
was Epicattleya xX Mrs. James O’Brien, derived from Cattleya Bowringiana
¢ and Epidendrum x O’Brienianum 3, to which an Award of Merit was
given. The plant had short stems, and a raceme of bright rose-purple
flowers about two inches across. Other plants included in the group were
Cattleya xX Breauteana var. Hebe (Loddigesii @ ™X superba 3), C. x
leucoglossa, the handsome Lelio-cattleya x Dominiana var. langleyensis,
good forms of L.-c. x Pallas, Epiphronitis x Veitchii, Epidendrum x
Wallisio-ciliare, Cypripedium x Niobe, C. X Arthurianum pulchellum,

x Zeno, C. X Leeanum superbum, C. X L. giganteum, and
good forms of C. xX Euryades; also, among species, the handsome
Dendrobium xX atroviolaceum, three fine plants of Cymbidium Tracyanum,
and others. ©

Mr. Thomas Rochford, Turnford Hall Nurseries, Broxbourne, received
an Award of Merit fora handsome Odontoglossum called O, x Ruckerianum
Rochford’s variety.

64 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. B. S. Williams and Son, Upper Holloway, staged a good group,
to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained good forms of
Oncidium tigrinum, Lelio-cattleya x Sallieri, Lycaste fulvescens, and
various Cypripediums, the more noteworthy being C. X Measuresianum,
C. x Sallieri, C. x S. aureum, C. Spicerianum, C. X Harrisianum
superbum, C. X Williamsii,C. x Leeanum superbum, C. X discolor, C. x
Ashburtone Barteti, C. x Fitchianum, C. x nitens, C. xX Pitcherianum
Williams’ var., C. insigne Wallacei, C. i. Maulei, C. i. albo-violaceum,
C. i. grandiflorum, and C. i. punctato-violaceum.

Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, showed what
appeared to be a form of Phaio-calanthe x Sedeni rosea.

Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, showed some well-flowered
plants of Phalznopsis Stuartiana, a handsome form of Cattleya Trianz, C.
Percivaliana, Oncidium varicosum Rogersii, Miltonia vexillaria, virginalis, &c.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

ANGRECUM X VEITCHI.—Journ. of Hort., Jan. 19, pp- 48, 49; fig. 10;
Gard. Chron., Jan. 21, p. 35, fig. 10; Gard. Mag., Jan. 21, pp. 30, 31, with fig.
CaTTLEYA BowRInGIANa Lapy Wican.—Journ. of Hort., Jan. 12, PP- 24
25, fig. 5. : -
CYPRIPEDIUM GODEFROYH LEUCOCHILUM.—Journ. of Hort., Jan. 12, —
p. 25, fie. 6. ce
CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE HarEFIELD Hatt var.—Gard. Mag., Dec. 3h —
pp. 864, 865, with fig. aid
CYPRIPEDIUM X Wotton1.—Journ. of Hort., Jan. 26, p. 61, fig. 12+ :
EPICATTLEYA X MRs. a O’BRIEN.—Gard. Chron., Jan. 21, p. 37, fig- 1!

s

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

W.ELR aaality and Stanhopea oculata. x

ye van poeta a € Nower seems just intermediate between C ripedium x
Calypso and C. Boxallii, Is it not ; ed ‘ yp ;

r possibl is no

trace of C. bellatulum in the flower. ssible that this was the pollen parent? There

cr Ae F iste Oo Thane, #ab the genet wie
ene Ip very di ; :
developed. It should hi aes Bk ni in colour ; the yellow blotches being here norm y

Photographs received with thanks :—C. C. H.. F. L

Orchids! Orchids!

SEOOSOSEOOOOOOOO9G65 66660606 6556666'

JOHN COWAN & CO.

HAVE AN IMMENSE STOCK OF ORCHIDS
Tens of Thousands of HEALTHY, VIGOROUS, WELL-GROWN PLANTS,

in great Variety ; and additions are constantly being made by the Purchasing of Private
Collections and otherwise. They earnestly invite the inspection of intending purchasers.

The Company are constantly receiving Importations of Orchids from various parts

of the world, all of sleoh gives Offer for Sale by Private Treaty as they come to hand,

at very reasonable Pric

Descriptive and Priced Cataiogues of their Stock of Established Orchids, as well as of
each importation as tt comes to hand, will be sent Post Free on application to the Company.

Gateacre Nurseries, Gateacre, near Liverpool.

THE STANLEY IVORINE LABELS.

HESE LaBELs having the valuable qualities of being unbreakable, perfect whiteness, non-corrosive
are invaluable to growers of Orchids, Ruses, Chrysanthemums, Geraniums, and in
fact all plants ses gore a label, either in or out of doors.
i y white in colour, they can be eg upon by pen or pencil, and the writing will not
be destroyed by the action of either water or weather, thus having a permanent sy 21 not like the old
oden or metallic ones, with names washed o ike a short exposure to the weat
ei nbreakable, fieipactahatins and non-corrosive, they are much cheaper his use than the old
wooden or metallic labels which so ve annoy and disgust plant growers.
in en shapes and sizes from any first-class nursery or seedsman, or from the
Sole Manufacturers, JNO. V poe & SONS, Stanley Works, Bond Street, Birmingham, who will be
aaa * rr t samples and pri
o make a speci ofall pre sured W.
mene bye ed on our labels in or out of doo whey stood the most severe tests
Waterproof Ink, and see that you get it. * n 6d. and 1s. bottle

segs oof Ink, which will stand eo to all weathers, and
Ask for the Stanley

MURRAY’S PATENT
ORCHID STAND.

<<»

the

Effectually prevents destructive
fungoid growth arising from stagnant air.

Facilitates the easy distribution of water
and air around the plants.

Isolates each plant and renders it less
liable to be attacked by insect pests.

Is the first clean, effectual, and practically
indestructible article ever offered for the
purpose of the necessary raising of the plants
above the staging to ensure a free circulation
of air,

Invented and patented by William Murray,
Gardener to Norman C. Cookson, Esq.,
Oakwood, Wylam.

LL
Price List containing full information
from

The Wnited Wire Works, Uto.,
TRAFALGAR WIRE WORKS,
NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.

ee ene es Ne

H. A. BURBERRY’

system of personally Giving Ad-
vice and Demonstrating Methods
of Orchid Cultivation insures suc-
cess and satisfaction.
One gentleman says: “I consider
your visit has been worth £100 to me.

of his long experience 1
affecting the welfare of their Orchid
should communicate with him, and
he will to wait on them
when in the vicinity, at

small fee.

H. A. B. attends Orchid
and will be pleased to receive COM
missions to buy for those who cannot
attend.

AvpREss: Ethel House,

King’s Heath, ]
BIRMINGHAM,

THE AMATEUR ORCHID CULTIVATORS
GUIDE BOOK,

BY “
H. A. BURBERRY, F.R.H-S.
: : ture;
An excellent practical treatise on Orchid E bed
with four coloured plates, containing 4o spec
and numerous photo-illustrations.

Second Edition. In cloth, price 5/6; ? ee
“ORCHID REVIEW” OFFICE —

STANLEY-MOBBS & ASHTON, —
SOUTHGATE, LONDON. ™

And at bio de Janeiro, Caixa, 906.

ee

OUR LARGE & REGULAR IMPORTATIONS ALWAYS INCLUDE SPECIMEN
BOOS ieee g C24

Plants to suit everybody can be sel

is guaranteed to all who

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ected, and complete satisfaction |
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ORCHIDS

A SPECIALITY.

Messrs.

Charlesworth & Co.

~ Heaton, BRADFORD,

Have a large and fine stock of established
and imported OrcHIDs.

INSPECTION INVITED.

NOTICE OF ™
oe REMOVAL.

In consequence of the Expiration of the Lease
of the CLAPTON pine wich ES being not far

HUGH LOW & CO.

Beg to notify that their entire stock of

ORCHIDS,

COMPRISING OVER 30 HOUSES,

Has now war Pacis: sestael ne their Newer
tablishmen

BUSH HILL PARK, MIDDX.,

Where the favour of an Inspection by all
eiceied interested in esc a Culture is most
ordially invit

Trains leave I.iverpool Street (G.E
fifty-five minutes past each ‘hour rue ‘Buch ain Park
Sta

ORCHIDS.

Clean, healthy, well-grown plants at reasonable
prices ; many large specimens and rare varieties.

CHOICE DENDROBES A SPECIALITY.
| Please write for List.
JAMES CYPHER,
EXOTIC NURSERIES,

CHELTENHAM.

I: WEEKS & SO... Lid,
borticultural Builders

To Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales
M. Admiralty Dept. War
, Royal Hort. Soc., Royal Botanic Soc.
Parks and Public Buildings.

TELEGRAPH, a ee LONDON.

Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers,

KING’S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

NEW AND RARE ORCHIDS.
é J. W. MOORE,
ORCHID IMPORTER & GROWER,

Cragg Royd, Appley Bridge,

Near BRADFORD.

‘

j

a

:

y

a Original Importer of Cyp. Charlesworthii, Cyp. Fred.
E Hardy, Cyp. bellatulum album, &e. &c.

MANCHESTER & NORTH OF
ENGLAND
Orchid Society.

HEADQUARTERS: THE COAL EXCHANGE, MARKET
PLACE, MANCHESTER.

A MEETING of the COMMITTEE, for

4% of ee weap upon cx Orchids submitted, ged, will

take plac THURSDA :

12 o'clock "prompt. Open i. Prodi from’ 1 0"

to 4 o'clock

Mr. THOS. shia, Hon. Sec., 37 Cross St., Manchester,

ORCHID HOUSES

Am SL eCIALI TY.
FOR
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dented bw Be eae: a inet Pee oy s : 7
Printed by R. W. Stmpson & Co., Ltd., Richmond Press, Sheen Road, Richmond, Surrey.

MARCH, 1899.

“En Zllustrated Amonthly Journal,

DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY.

Contents.

A PAGE oY), “ ite ee
ecum Ellisii (Fig. 9) — 81 “ Paphiopeditinn x ‘Olga Hentawe
ndar of Operations for March | . 85 | Manchester. and North of England
leya x Claesiana . 721. Orchid Soci es,

Roe

NOTICES.

The abe a REVIEW is published eeoeny at the beginning of each month,
pies 2h net. Annual Subscription 12/-, payable in advance
e Editor faites short canintnicat ions on interes sting Bee (which should
be ae on one side of the pape only), also portraits, etc., of rarit

All Subscriptions, Advertisements, ‘Communications and Books for review, should
be addressed :—The Epiror oF THE OrcHID Review, Lawn Crescent,

ues and Postal Orders should be made payable to FRANK LESLIE & Co., and, to
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be YEITCH’S
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Pedok with Maps and numerous Engraving:

2 HIS work contains psc bi of all the most important species and varieties in cultivation, their Origin,

Botanical History, Date of Introduction, together with Cultural Notes, &c.

It has been — to aut y amateurs and cultivators of exotic Orchids "with a fuller account of the

principal ae ; Species, and varieties cultivated aa 8 ass oe is contained in the Manuals ny 9 in use.
pe: The Fapid extension’ of Orchid culture ee. the last quarter of a century, resulting from t i

and titerbonale, hoe of plants, has, in our opinion, prs the

est ay which we have ai aie aa to ly
as been issued in parts, it t f
i this pom sciporeist aces or of ech pat contning a monograph of the cultivated species and varieties of one
Part L—ODONTOGLOSSUM. Price, 7s. 6d.:b
> y post, 7s. 9d.
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ES VEITCH & SONS, LTD., ovat erotic murser?,

(544, KING’S ORD CHELSEA; S.W.

THE ORCHID Bev.

Vox. VII.]

MARCH, 1899. LNo. 75.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held during
March, on the 14th and 28th respectively, when the Orchid Committee will
meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.

The March meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society are fixed for the gth and 23rd, at the Coal Exchange, Manchester.
The Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to

inspection from one o’clock until four.

Another success in raising hybrid Odontoglossums has been attained in
the collection of Baron Edmond de Rothschild, of Armainvilliers, near
Paris. M. Jacob has flowered a beautiful hybrid between O. crispum and
O. Pescatorei. It is most like the latter in habit and general character,
but the sepals and petals are said to be more like O. crispum. We have

not yet seen it.

M. O. Doin, of Paris, is said to have exhibited a beautiful example of
Paphiopedilum Rothschildianum, which he has succeeded in raising from
uncrossed seed. Few true species of Orchids have yet been raised in this

manner.

A handsome hybrid Paphiopedilum is sent from the collection of W.
Vanner, Esq., Camden Wood, Chislehurst, by Mr. Robbins. It is a
seedling from P. x Calypso, crossed, it is said, with pollen of bellatulum,
though it has so much of the appearance of P. Boxallii as to suggest that
that species was the pollen parent. It may be briefly described as three-
fourths of the latter with one-fourth P. Spicerianum.

66 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A very fine spike of Odontoglossum sceptrum is sent from the collection
of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, by Mr. Stevens. It bears
twenty flowers, and is evidently from a very strong plant, as the flowering
portion of the raceme measures 24 feet long. A striking form of the
polymorphic O. X Wilckeanum is also enclosed. It has rather long and
narrow sepals and petals, light primrose in colour, with numerous light
chestnut spots. The lip and crest also approach O. luteopurpureum rather
more than the other parent.

It is well known that Odontoglossums are special favourites with Mr.
Thompson, who has one of the best collections in existence, and Mr.
Stevens states that they have now cleared out the Paphiopedilums entirely
in order to make room for Odontoglossums.

A four-flowered inflorescence of the handsome Lelio-cattleya X
Gottoiana is sent by Messrs. Linden, L’Horticulture Internationale,
Brussels. It came out of one of their Brazilian importations. This fine
natural hybrid has appeared on several occasions among importations of
Cattleya Warneri and Lzelia tenebrosa, from which it is clearly descended.

A very large and brilliantly colouted form of Cattleya Trianz is sent
from the collection of W. S. McMillan, Esq., of Maghull, Liverpool, which

may be referred to the variety magnifica, as it chiefly differs from the type
in the characters just mentioned.

A very fine Dendrobium nobile is sent from the collection of Isaac Carr,
Esq., Poolemeade, Twerton-on-Avon. The flower measures three inches
from tip to tip of the petals, which themselves are nearly 1} inches broad,
and, like the sepals, brilliantly coloured almost to the extreme base. It

belongs to the gigantum type, and very closely resembles D. n. nobilius.

The beautiful Lelio-cattleya x warnhamensis has again been raised.
MM. Cappe et fils, of Vesinet, France, send a flower from one of their
seedlings (L. cinnabarina 2 X C. Triane 3).
March, 1895, and a first flower appeared in January last. The colour is
orange-yellow, with the front lobe of the lip intense purple-crimson, and
the apex of the side lobes of a lighter shade of crimson. It will be a
fine thing when the plant gets stronger.

The seeds were sown in

A very fine form of Pa
was obtained from P. x
aureum.
Leeanum,

phiopedilum x Charlesianum is also sent, which
Leeanum crossed with the pollen of P. x Sallieri
The dorsal sepal closely resembles a fine form of P. X
but the petals and staminode show much of the form and colour
of the other parent. The upper halves of the petals are prettily marked

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 67

with red-brown reticulation, and the dorsal sepal is tinged with yellow in
the centre, giving a very pretty effect. The history of this hybrid is given
at page 359 of our last volume.

Three more numbers of the interesting little Dictionnaire Iconographique
des Orchidées of Messrs Cogniaux and Goosens have been issued since our
note at page I appeared. We have not thought it necessary to enumerate
the plants figured in this work in our list of ‘‘ Orchid Portraits,” for if the
plates are kept arranged alphabetically (as the authors intend) it is quicker
to turn to the work itself. The plant figured as Oncidium calopogon, can
scarcely be the one so named by Reichenbach, and we take it to be a form
of O. X Gardneri, Lindl. We may also mention that Vuylsteke, not
Rolfe, should be cited as the authority for the name Odontoglossum X
Rolfez.

The object of our monthly list of ‘‘ Orchid Portraits,” to which allusion
was made in the preceding paragraph, is to collect together the scattered
figures which appear in the various horticultural works, and by means of
the alphabetical index at the end of each volume, it is possible to trace
quickly where figures of different Orchids may be found.

A series of over a dozen distinct forms of Dendrobium nobile have been
sent by Messrs. B. Hurst & Son, Burbage Nurseries, Hinckley. They are
selected from a series of forty, from one of the importations of Messrs. F.
Sander & Co. from the Lang Tang Mountains. They vary greatly both in
size and colour, and afford a good idea of the variation to which this
species is subject. One flower, which is either D. n. Sanderianum, or
barely distinguishable from it, is about the darkest form which we have yet
seen. A very pretty, much-spotted form of Odontoglossum x Anderson-
ianum, and a good Ccelogyne cristata, are also enclosed.

Three fine and beautifully developed flowers are sent from the collection
of R. G. Thwaites, Esq., of Streatham, namely Dendrobium nobile elegans,
D. n. burfordiense, and D x Ainsworthii roseum, the latter a charmingly-
coloured variety. The first-named has petals an inch broad, and all are

excellent examples of good culture.

The collection of Orchids formed by the late Henry Mason, Esq. of
Bankfield House, Bingley, near Bradford, is to be disposed of It contains
a number of choice Odontoglossums, as Q. crispum Stevensil, Ort. Charles-
worthii, O. c. Triane, O. c. giganteum, O. Chestertoni, &c. Particulars
will be found in our advertisement columns.

We have received from Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, examples
of several beautiful hybrid Phalcenopsis, raised in the establishment. They

68 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

are P. x Ariadne (Stuartiana 2? X Aphrodite 3), a fine white, with very
prettily spotted lip: P. x F. L. Ames (amabilis 2 X intermedia ¢), white
with some yellow and crimson-purple markings on the lip; P. x Hebe
(Sanderiana 2 X rosea 3), sepals and petals blush, lip wholly fine rose-
purple; and P. x Mrs. J. H. Veitch (Lueddemanniana ? X Sanderiana
3), flowers most like the former but much enlarged, the colour light
yellow, dotted with light red-brown, and the front lobe of the lip broad, and
terminating in two minute cirrhi. .

With reference to Paphiopedilum x Rossianum, with a three-flowered

scape (p. 35), Mrs. Ross writes:—‘‘It is marvellously floriferous, every
young plant produces a flower. The plants are eight years old, and there is
one with five growths and five flowers. The leaves are handsome, and the
plant grows like a weed.”

Flowers of two other seedlings of Paphiopedilum xX calloso-barbatum
are sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury.
They are much like the one previously described (p. 48), but rather better
developed, and certainly very beautiful. A few other seedlings are also
enclosed, which may improve as they become stronger.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

Wiru the gradually lengthening days, and the increased amount of light and
warmth, our favourites are rapidly putting on their spring dress, and the
time is rapidly approaching when they will again reach their maximum for
the present season. It is a source of great satisfaction to go through the
collection and note the numerous plants which are throwing up spikes, and
the preparations for renewed activity on the part of those which flower at
other seasons.

In the Warm house may now be seen a brilliant display of Orchids, which
is largely made up of the genera Dendrobium, Phalznopsis, and Paphio-
pedilum. Dendrobium nobile and its numerous varieties are now objects of
great beauty, and recent importations have revealed a wealth of variation
which could hardly have been anticipated a few years ago, ranging from deep
rose-purple to pure white. D. Wardianum, crassinode, primulinum, and
several other species are also now very beautiful, together with the numerous
forms of D. x Ainsworthii, as roseum, Leechianum, splendidissimum, and
others. Some of the latter are improvements on D, nobile, for the lip is
better displayed, in this respect taking more of the character of D. aureum,
the other parent. D. x Rubens and some of the secondary hybrids are also
very fine. Phalenopsis Schilleriana is making a beautiful display of its

i

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 69

charming rose-pink flowers, while the allied P. Stuartiana, amabilis, Aphrodite,
and some of the hybrid forms are also very effective. Among Paphiopedilums
now in flower must be mentioned P. villosum, Boxallii, callosum, x
Lathamianum, X Harrisianum, X Williamsianum, and a series of other
hybrid forms of the most floriferous character.

The Cattleya and Intermediate houses also contain some interesting
things. Ccelogyne cristata and its varieties are now in full season, and are
literally wreathed in flowers. Cattleya Trianz and Percivaliana are still good,
and the first flowers of C. Lawrenceana are already opening. Lelia
harpophylla is also producing its brilliant flowers. Then there is the hand-
some Lycaste Skinneri in flower, together with L. mesochlena and some of
its allies, the graceful Platyclinis glumacea, and the richly-coloured
Stenorhynchus speciosus.

The Cool house is rapidly increasing in beauty, for the Odontoglossums
are now coming on rapidly, and will soon reach their maximum for the
season. O.crispum takes the first place, but O. Pescatorei, triumphans,
luteopurpureum, and gloriosum, all contribute to the display. The hybrids
also must not be overlooked, the polymorphic O. xX Andersonianum, X
Wilckeanum, and x excellens being especially beautiful. Suspended from
the roof are plants of O. Rossii, Cervantesii, with the brilliant little
Sophronitis grandiflora, S. cernua, and a few other gems.

DIES ORCHIDIAN.

SoME time ago I alluded to the rapid progress being made in hybridising
Orchids, and the difficulty of keeping anything like a complete and intelligible
_ record of the constant stream of novelties which are continually being raised.
The case of Lzlio-cattleya x Dominiana, discussed at page 50, is very
instructive in this connection, for it now appears that this beautiful hybrid
between Lzelia purpurata and Cattleya Dowian1 has received no less than five
different names. And this condition of things is becoming far too common,
and demands the serious consideration of all those who are interested in
hybrid Orchids. The question is, what steps shall be taken to meet the
difficulty ?

This question called forth the following remarks from C. J. H. ina
recent issue of The Garden :—The plurality of names in the nomenclature of
hybrids is most confusing. The Orchid Committee of the R.H.S. cannot
claim to be blameless in this matter. They have their rules for guidance,
but Iam sor ry to say they have been obeyed more in the breach than in the
Observance. Seedlings from crosses that have been previously recognised,
have been in some cases certificated four or five times over. Surely with

7° THE ORCHID REVIEW.

careful records, and the paintings of certificated flowers, someting might be
done to prevent such occurrences in future. Owners of plants also might
assist by consulting one or other of the numerous lists of hybrids that have
been published before naming any of their seedlings.

I have noted down several recent examples of this confusion, for one or
two of which it is difficult to find an excuse. Ona future occasion I may be
able to discuss them.

We have not yet done with the Cypripedium question, as, indeed, I
indicated in my concluding note last month, and we may now hear the views
of other correspondents on the subject. E. F.C. writes:—From sundry
notes in the pages of the OrcHID REVIEW, it would seem that the word
‘‘ Cypripedium,” after having been recognised as the name of a genus for a
long time, is in some danger of being thrown over, and a new name
‘Cypripedilum,” substituted for it, which seems rather a pity. There
appears to be no doubt that Linnaeus had a slipper in mind, when he
framed the word Cypripedium, but whatever the true derivation, it seems
clear that, at the time of the original description, there was some confusion
of ideas, or of grammar, but it seems far better now that the word Cypripedium
should be retained, on the ground of long recognition, if it can be by any
means justified. The same argument would apply to Selenipedium. As to
the names of the other genera, apparently correctly formed out of Cypri-
pedium, priority, as well as the natural sense of the words, seems certainly to
require that two at least, viz., Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedilum, should
be so spelt, the idea of a slipper being distinctly in the namer’s mind. To
allow uniformity of ending to count against priority would seem to open a
dangerous door, and raise a question as regards other allied genera.

: W. E. B. writes :—Cypripedium or Cypripedilum?—A correspondent
in your January number (p. 5) remarks that “the difference between the
correct and incorrect word is very slight, especially if pronounced correctly.
The popular pronunciation of ‘ pedium’ with a long e (like peedium) is
incorrect, because « in Greek is always short, and ped-i-lum (or ped-il-um)
sounds better than ped-i-um (both e and i being sounded short).” So it
may ; but it is xot so pronounced correctly, and exposes a shocking “ false
quantity.” The Greek iota (1) is not like the Greek epsilon ( € ) invariably
short, and in the word médidov, pedilon—a sandal—it is as long as it
can be. With the new spelling, the pronunciation is Cypripe-die-lum, and
so with the other three genera. The pronunciation Cypri-peddylum is a
monstrosity—almost a “ freak.” Bigeneric—I mean Graeco-Latin words
are so common that they have to be accepted, but ‘ false quantities ” may
be arrested at sight. Adopting the derivation from the “foot cover,” t-¢»

THE ORCHID REVIEW’. 71

slipper (and not the “‘foot”’), as I suppose everybody now does, let us use
the new spelling, but never forget that the i is long.

A third correspondent observes :—I notice that you have now decided
in favour of the names Cypripedilum, Paphiopedilum, and Phragmipedilum.
The argument in favour of the adoption of these names seems to me to be
reasonable, if not actually conclusive, so for the future I also will make
use of them.

And a fourth says :—Respecting Paphiopedilum, I suppose we must
follow Pfitzer and Sir Joseph Hooker, and insert the ‘1,’ though I much
prefer the form ‘“ Paphiopedium.” Iam glad to see that this month the
new names are adopted uniformly. It ismuch more consistent. I find that
the man in the street, be he “Tom, Dick, or Harry,’ appreciates con-
sistency, even if he does not understand nomenclature, and the rest is only
a matter of time.

It will certainly be interesting to watch the development of this

question,
ARGUS.

CYPRIPEDIUM x VANHOUTTEANUM.

FURTHER evidence has come to hand which clears up the origin of this
remarkable hybrid, a matter which hitherto has been doubtful. It was
originally described as a hybrid of unknown parentage, which flowered for
the first time at Gand, in February, 1888, and caused a great sensation. It
appears that M. Dauthier, who was for many years foreman of Messrs. Van
Houtte’s establishment at Gand, discovered some small seedlings on the
compost of a Cypripedium which had been purchased from Messrs. Veitch,
of Chelsea. In course of time they reached the flowering stage, and
proved to be C. x Dauthieri. Among them, however, was one seedling
which seemed feeble and developed much more slowly than the others. It,
however, found a purchaser in M. Jules de Cock, at the price of 20 francs.
When it flowered it proved to be so remarkable that it was sold to M. Jules
Hye for 2,500 francs. It was figured in Lindenia, iu, p. 71, t. 130, and is
represented as having leaves exactly like C. x Dauthieri, but the flowers of
a rosy-purple shade, with darker veins on the dorsal sepal and a
Narrow white margin. Messrs. Veitch, in the following year, recorded
it as C. x Madame Van Houtte (Man. Orch., iv. p. 90), and remark :—
“supposed to have originated in the horticultural establishment of
M. Louis Van Houtte, at Ghent.” ‘‘ Parentage doubtful; probably C.
niveum and one of the species of the C. venustum group (C. barbatum,
&c.)” C. niveum and C. x Dauthieri have also been suggested as the

72 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

parents (Orch. Rev., 1893, pp. 259, 260). M. Debois, in the last edition of
his Monograph of Cypripedium (p. 456), now states that when the plant
flowered for the second time, in 1889, it came as ordinary C. X Dauthieri,
and thus furnishes another instance of the curious sportive character of
this hybrid, which has several times been discussed in the Review.

CATTLEYA x CLAESIANA.

A VERY interesting hybrid has been raised by Mr. T. L. Mead, of
Oviedo, Florida, U.S.A., from Cattleya intermedia ? and C. Loddigesii 3.
It is the first which has flowered in the collection, but, strange to say, this
initial attempt solves the origin of a very doubtful natural hybrid, namely,
Cattleya xX Claesiana, which appeared some few years ago with Messrs.
Linden, L’Horticulture Internationale, Brussels. I am under the impres-
sion that it was exhibited by them at a meeting of the Orchidéene, and
obtained some award, though I have not succeeded in finding a record. At
all events one of the plants flowered in the collection of the Right Hon.
Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., at Highbury, Birmingham, in 1894, and the
inflorescence was sent to Kew for preservation. It was supposed to be a
natural hybrid between the two species just mentioned, but much resembled
C. intermedia, differing somewhat, however, in shape, and in the more
crisped front lobe of the lip. It was obviously not typical C. intermedia,
but I felt that the evidence of its origin was not conclusive, and, therefore,
waited until more evidence was forthcoming. In May, 1896, a Cattleya was
exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S., by the Hon. Walter Rothschild,
Tring Park, under the name of C. x intermedio-Loddigesii. It is said to
have been received from Rio de Janeiro as a natural hybrid of the species
named. The sepals and petals were bluish white, with a few purple spots,
and the front of the lip purple-crimson. In general appearance the flower
was close to some forms of C. intermedia, but the prolonged isthmus to the
front lobe of the lip, as seen in C. intermedia, combined with the more
ample and frilled elge of C. Loddigesii seemed to indicate mixed parentage
(Gard. Chron., 1896, xix, P- 593). Mr. Mead’s seedling is at present smaller
than the C. X Claesiana above mentioned, but is otherwise so similar that
their common origin can hardly be doubted, and thus its appearance is
especially interesting. Mr. Mead describes the flower as 44 inches across,
intermediate in form between the parents, with all the lobes of the lip
charmingly fringed; the sepals, petals, and front lobe of the lip all of palest
lavender, just a tinge, and the rest of the lip creamy-white. It is a very
vigorous grower, and though only 34 years old produced two spikes of
flowers from two leading growths. The pollen parent was purchased as C.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 73

od

Harrisoniana, and Mr. Mead states that he has had the same plant from
several sources, both there and in England, under the same name, and they
have all been alike, very light coloured, with a tinge of yellow on the lip.
It is certainly C. Loddigesii, and it is very curious how the names of the
two species should have been transposed in cultivation in the way they have
been. Mr. Mead has other seedlings from the same pod which are not
equally precocious, being of about average growth, and it will be interesting

to know what the flowers are like when they appear. :
R. A. ROLFE.

THE HYBRIDIST.
EPIDENDRUM X_ BuRTONI.

A VERY pretty hybrid Epidendrum was exhibited at the Drill Hall on
February 14th, by F. M. Burton, Esq., Highfield, Gainsborough, whose
history is thus given by Mr. Burton. In March, 1895, plants of E.
O’Brienianum and an orange-scarlet species, believed to be E. ibaguense,
were in bloom in the collection, and were crossed together both ways. In
the autumn the capsules ripened, the seeds were sown, and the young
seedlings were observed to be coming up in the following June. The
seedlings trom E. ibaguense are six in number, one of them being now in
flower. Those from the reverse cross (E. X O’Brienianum as the mother)
number about five dozen, and of these several are throwing up spikes.
Of course all will be ranked as forms of the same hybrid. The scape, for
which we are indebted to Mr. Burton, is about a foot long, and bears at its
apex a short corymbose raceme of about twenty flowers, which are over an
inch in diameter, and almost vermilion in colour, the lip being fringed much
like that of E. x O’Brienianum. It will be interesting hereafter to note the
range of colour in the different seedlings, for three species are represented
in the cross. It would be interesting to see if Epiphronitis xX Veitchi
would exercise a dwarfing influence on the Epidendrums of this group.
PAPHIOPEDILUM X OLGA BAGSHAWE.

There isa richly coloured hybrid of good shape, raised in the collection
of R. le Doux, Esq., Marlfield, West Derby, Liverpool, by Mr. Archer,
from P. x cenanthum superbum @ X P. callosum ¢. The dorsal sepal
is nearly orbicular, reddish purple in colour, with many much darker
nerves and a narrow white margin. The petals are purple-brown, with a
small light-green basal area, and several irregular somewhat confluent
spots near it, a rather novel feature. The lip is neat in shape and dark
purple brown in colour, and the staminode most like ¥. x cenanthum.
Altogether it is a very promising seedling, and is sure to improve as it

becomes stronger.

74 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

NOTES FROM FLORIDA.

Last spring and summer my Orchids received heavy fertilization two or
three times a week. Nitrate of potash and phosphate of ammonia were
added to the water with which the plants were daily hosed, and every night
the greenhouse was closed and saucers of carbonate of ammonia distributed
through the house. The Orchids a!l grew luxuriantly until September,
when I began to have trouble—new shoots coming scorched and disfigured
and frequently rotting off. The weather changed at the same time from
extreme and unseasonable drought to constant rain and _ saturated
atmosphere, with a daily temperature over go°. This temperature, how-
ever, is usual all the summer.

Not knowing the cause of my trouble, I stopped fertilizing and have not
resumed the practice, but the disease continued, and I have not yet had a
clean and perfect growth on any of the plants, although the weather has
varied through all sorts of seasonable changes. The cause seems to be
yellow thrips, and not due to either weather or fertilizer. | The insect was
entirely new to me, and was present in such small numbers—only three or
four to each young growth—that it seemed impossible that it should be
respons:ble for such injury to the plants. I have fumigated thoroughly with
nicotine—making the vapor so strong that a person could not remain in the
house more than a minute or two, and keeping up the evaporation all day
long—and am now trying the “XL All,” and also spraying with a solution
of pyrethrum (insect powder), and I think the enemy is routed.

During the six months of fertilizing I evaporated nearly thirty pounds
of carbonate of ammonia in the greenhouse (15 X 60 feet, 11 feet high).
The saucers were always put in the same place every night, and there were
Cattleyas and other Orchids within six inches of the ammonia lumps, and
consequently fairly soaked with the fumes every night; but they were not
injured, and, in fact, averaged rather better in appearance than those farther
away. Very likely the fumes may have kept the thrips away from them to
some extent. Most of the Cattleyas and Dendrobiums made a second
growth as soon as they finished the first, and many three-year old seedlings
doubled and quadrupled in size.

One hybrid, Cattleya intermedia 2 x Loddigesii ¢, had always been
precocious beyond its mates—at six months it had a basal disk three-eighths
of an inch across, its first leaf was half an inch long and broad, while the
rest of the plants from the same pod remained of average size. Last
summer it was 34 years old, and flowered from both of two strong leads.
The sepals, petals, and front lobe of the lip were all of palest lavender, just
a Hinge, and the remainder of the lip creamy white. All three lobes were
charmingly frilled; the flowers being 4: inches across, and quite

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 75

intermediate in form between the parents. It now bears a fine pod crossed
with its own pollen, and its pollen has also made large pods on C. Leopoldi
and Epidendrum nocturnum. I hope it may transmit its constitutional
vigour to some of its posterity. I have already two off-shoots four or five
inches high from back breaks of this plant, which certainly grows like a
weed. This was recorded as C. intermedia xX Harrisoniana (O. R. iv.,
p- 171), but it now appears that the second parent was C. Loddigesii.

My seed planting was very successful after June in polypodium fibre
(fresh fern mats) in my tree-top “‘eyrie”’ (see O. R. iv., p. 180), and from July
to October I averaged five hundred little hybrids transplanted to pots
every month. About one-fourth of them still survive.

A mossy piece of magnolia bark (Magnolia grandiflora), about one square
foot in area, was planted thickly with a mixture of Laelia and Cattleya
crosses, and hung up in the greenhouse September 12th, 1898, just when the
adult Orchids were beginning to do so badly. Two or three fumigations
with ammonia were made after that, which may have stimulated the
seedlings. At any rate, they made quick response, and at four weeks from
planting I counted 160 opaque green disks, either with leaf points or nearly
ready to push one.

The block was dipped in a pan of water two or three times a day.
Later, it was moved out-doors and sprayed frequently instead of being
dipped. At eight weeks there were 320 plants; at twelve weeks, 347.
Then it was moved back into the greenhouse, the weather became foul and
dark, and the number of plants fell to 250 in a week, the loss being
among the smallest plants. By the middle of January, some of the best
ones, with two or three leaves, began to show black spots, and I trans-
planted the remainder to pots—about 150 plants.

Finding the experiment turning out so favourably in October, I had
an ancient moss-grown magnolia chopped down and cut into slabs, some
thirty of which I planted with hybrid Orchid seed, and kept sprayed.
The slabs coming from near the ground scarcely germinated a seed, but
those from 20 to 30 feet up yielded from two or three up to about 150
plants each. I also tried oak bark, but while the seeds started promptly,
giving leaf-points in three weeks, they seemed more subject to disease,
and their number dropped from 250 at nine weeks to 175 at ten weeks,
when they were transplanted to pots and nearly all died.

A number of experiments with Epidendrum radicans, wi
abarinum X radicans giving

Orchid seed, expanding
in nine days of planting,
best plant standing an
re obtained of this,

crossed with

allied species, were very ‘successful, E. cinn
the quickest growth I have ever had with any
into a broad disk with plenty of root-fibres with
the leaf-point showing two days later, and the
inch high at six weeks. Great numbers of plants we

76 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

and of the reciprocal cross (E. radicans ?); also from E. radicans
pollen on a Cuban Epidendrum allied to E. nutans.

Mr. Orpet, of South Lancaster, Mass., kindly sent me seeds of E. x
O’Brienianum X elongatum, which yielded many plants, and from E. x
O’Brienianum pollen sent by him I got good seeds on E. cinnabarinum,
but lost the plants subsequently. Mr. Orpet also sent me seeds of
Cattleya amethystoglossa x E. X O’Brienianum, from which I have a few
plants, and I raised seeds of the same Cattleya crossed with E. radicans—
of this cross two plants remain alive.

Moreover, the Cuban Epidendrum mentioned above, has yielded several
plants, as the result of crossing with Cattleya Skinneri; crossed with
Schomburgkia undulata pollen, the seeds germinated, but died before
making much progress.

I have also this year several plants of Schomburgkia undulata x E.
radicans ; of C. Bowringiana x E. cochleatum and of E. nocturnum x
E. osmanthum and cucullatum (mixed pollen).

Plantings of four or five other Epidendrum crosses, on C. Bowringiana
2, &c., have yielded one or two plants each, but there is more or less
doubt whether the growing seeds may not have been accidental intruders,
and I will not list them till they show their character.

Of three plants of C. Bowringiana X E. osmanthum (Godseffianum),
now over two years old, two are broad-leaved like Cattleyas, and the third
narrow-leaved and with a pear-shaped bulb, like the Epidendrum parent.

A year ago, I had seed from the intercrossing of two interesting varieties
of Dendrobium Phalzenopsis, both parents having a purple, bearded line on
each petal, the bearding being like that within the lip of the flower. Two
plants were obtained from the seed, one of which is still alive and vigorous, ;
and among thé mixed seedlings of that year are several more exactly like
this little D. Phalenopsis. If the parental peculiarity can be intensified, it
will give a variety analogous to D. nobile Cooksonianum.

; iy L. MEAD.
Oviedo, Florida, U.S.A. seastgng

February tst, 1899.

HYBRIDISATION AND NATURAL HYBRIDS.

[IN the issue of Le Jardin for February 2oth (Pp. 54) we notice some remarks

- Speaking of certain hybrids

terest, as affording valuable indications of
tids. He then proceeds as follows :—

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 17

““M. Bleu, who has produced a large number of seedlings, possesses
some unpublished ones. One of these, derived from Cypripedium insigne
Chantini and C. concolor Regnieri, is very curious. The influence of the
second parent is only slightly apparent in the leaves; as for the flowers,
they altogether resemble a form of C. insigne, but of the section montanum,
not the variety Chantini. Judging by this hybrid, M. Bleu thinks that
C. insigne montanum may not be a geographical form, as has been
supposed, but a veritable hybrid derived from C. insigne and one of the
numerous forms of C. concolor or of C. Godefroyz.”’

Alas ! how easy it is to jump at conclusions from imperfect data! In
the first place we have no evidence that C. insigne grows either with
C. concolor or C. Godefroy, and in the second the hybrid between
C. insigne and C. concolor, known as C. X Orion, has been raised by
Messrs. Veitch, and bears no near resemblance to C. insigne montanum,
being, in fact, fairly intermediate between its parents, and these facts quite
outweigh the curious but not by any means unique fact above recorded ;
indeed, it is pertinent to ask, what is the nature of the slight influence seen
in the leaves ?

As to the so-called C. insigne montanum, we think the last name
superfluous. It is only since the species has been imported in quantity that
we have realised its great variability. Previously our knowledge of it was
derived from a few isolated forms which were introduced and propagated by
division. The wonder is that it was not introduced in quantity long before.
As to its being a hybrid, we consider that there is not a tittle of evidence.

CORYANTHES MACRANTHA.

TuIs superb Orchid is abundant in Sante Comapan, and can you guess in
what company? We think the reader will be troubled ‘to guess. At
the summit of trees, above those which bend over a ravine or rivulet,
there are nests inhabited by very large ants. The diameter of these trees
is often from half to one metre. Their upper part is usually covered
with Coryanthes, and beside them Bromeliaceous plants are found, with
sometimes an Epidendrum. Between the two may be seen pendent ea
of Coryanthes, with from two to four pure yellow flowers, mixed 100i
and there with red-spotted varieties with various sized spots. Nothing
can be more remarkable than the conformation of the lip ; at first sight
it might be mistaken for a Cypripedium. In this sort of pitcher or hate
a sWeet-tasting liquid is contained, probably much SSO is oa
epicures among the little colonies of ants established in the neighbour = :
it isa delicate sweetmeat factory close at hand. Unfortunately— doubly

78 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

unfortunately, for those who audaciously endeavour to remove a plant
from the spot where it grows—the ants have worse stings than our wasps.
For the rest, neither the explorer nor his assistants dream of climbing the
tree to obtain the elegant ornament which decorates it; the ape-like
agility of the wild Indian is required for such an enterprise to be success-
ful. There is no other means of obtaining possession of the desired
plant than by levelling the tree with a hatchet, but the task is neither
free from difficulties nor danger. At each shake, which disturbs the tree,
the ants become furious, one might almost imagine that they are aware
that their hive or colony is endangered; they rush infuriated and
exasperated upon the daring individual who ventures to disturb their
rest. Then an extraordinary fight begins; the besieger, attacked on all
sides by little creatures, whose bites, though not deep, are nevertheless
very painful, gets wild, ejaculates at each fresh sting one or other of those
energetic oaths of which the Spanish language offers such an ample and
rich store, then either flies from his little tormentor in despair, oF plies
his axe like a madman, in order to hasten the fall of the tree and to put
an end to his miseries. When once the tree is felled he is obliged to wotk
very quickly, as it is against the whole colony that he has now to defend
himself. A final blow with the hatchet separates from the summit the
branch bearing the nest, a lasso is firmly fixed on it, then the whole is
dragged towards a neighbouring stream, where it is left for some hours;
with the nest and the horrible colony that inhabits it. When it is SUP-
posed that the prolonged submersion has put an end to these wretched
little animals, it only remains to detach the plants by the aid of a pruning
knife and—the work is over. Unfortunately, it seems as if close com
nection joins the Coryanthes to the nest, and perhaps to the ants, like
Castor and Pollux of old, for the plant once drawn from its natur
habitat can no longer thrive, in spite of the help of the old abandoned
nest; so that we cannot help concluding that the ants are necessary be
its normal development, but I should hardly be favourable to adding the
new vermin to those already imported. I leave the explanation of the
phenomena to the Darwinians, and content myself with stating that the
cultivation of this curious Orchid has but rarely succeeded in OUF
conservatories. B. Roezl, in Le Belgique Horticole, 1883, pp. 171-2-

[A very graphic account, certainly, but it is now well known that the
liquid which is collected in the pitcher or slipper is not nectar, being ™
fact practically tasteless, and that it serves another purpose. There is also
good ground for believing that these plants can be grown in the absence of
the ants, if properly treated.—Ep. |

THE ORCHID REVIEW’. 79

ORCHIDS AT CLAREGATE, WYLDE GREEN, BIRMINGHAM.

Tuls is one of the oldest collections in the Midlands, and long may we have
its most esteemed owner, A. W. Wills, Esq., J.P., to preside over it. I will
also echo the same wish respecting his able and genial gardener, Mr. A.
Jenkins. It is always a real pleasure to see master and man working
together with one common object in view, and that the welfare of their
garden in general, and—what specially interests us here—their Orchids in
particular, and taking an equally keen interest in them.

It is not surprising, therefore, especially when we take the age of the
collection into consideration, that it contains so many fine specimens. The
Cypripedium House contains a well grown assortment of species and
hybrids. We observed a splendid specimen plant of C. Rothschildianum
bearing two enormously strong flower spikes, each with four flowers; also a
grand plant of C. Druryi, just producing its flowerspikes. Others in bloom
at this somewhat dull season were a fine batch of C. x Leeanum superbum,
C. X Lathamianum inversum, C. Chamberlainianum, a particularly bright
variety, C. tonsum, C. xX Measuresianum, C. xX Thetis, C. Boxallii,a grand
form, C. callosum, C. X Sedeni candidulum, C. Exul, &c. Grand specimens
were also noted, in robust health, of C. philippinense (Roebelenianum), C. X
grande, C. Spicerianum, C. x Dominianum, C. x Harrisianum, C. longifol-
ium, and also a nice plant with spikes of Phaius Sanderianus. Of course, to
make the modern house of Cypripediums complete, there are also the indis-
pensable number of young hybrids coming along in their various stages of
growth, one or two of which were already of flowering size, viz., C. X Deed-
manianum and C. x fascinator nobilior.

Passing from here through a rockwork fernery we enter a house mainly
devoted during the growing season to Dendrobiums, although, at the present
time, these are necessarily somewhat distributed in the various houses. This
department contains also many of the warm growing Lelias, such as L.
Superbiens, a fine specimen of which had two lovely spikes of bloom. Among
others were fine plants of L. tenebrosa, L. anceps Sanderiana, L. Boothiana
(lobata), Ceelogyne Dayana grandis, Oncidium splendidum, and Dendro-
biums of various sorts. We observed also a fine healthy plant of Mormodes
luxatum eburneum, of which a portrait appeared in the Orchid Review for
February, 1897 (page 49), where Mr. Wills himself describes the treatment
siven. It has now two strong leads in the place of one.

Next we enter the Cattleya house, where, in addition to the usual inmates
8 oe department not yet in flower, we observed a good show of C. Trianz
. some of which were extremely Ane varieties. It would, perhaps,
' ec Say that certain well-known varieties were really here, because

at for this to be absolutely true such must have come from the

80 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

original plants themselves ; yet I maintain that some of the varieties noted
in bloom, were equal, if not superior, to some that I have seen under such
names, as C. T. delicata, C. T. bogotensis, C. T. incarnata, C. T. Colombio,
and C. T. Corningil.

The Cool house here is rather a novel structure, and one which I think
could be imitated with advantage in particularly bleak or dry localities. It
is simply a house underground. From the outside no part is visible but
the roof glass, which is slightly raised above the ground level; side
ventilation being obtained by means of a channel and drain pipes let in
through the sides of the walls. The side and centre stages are, of
course, raised up as high as they can conveniently be to the roof, so that
the plants may enjoy the light. On descending the flight of steps and
opening the door, which is frequently used also as a ventilator—the top lights
being hardly ever opened—it is remarkable how cool and moist this house feels,
and that it suits the plants they speak for themselves. Here we saw Maxillaria
Sanderiana, fine large specimens, producing quantities of spikes, and also
grand examples of M. grandiflora, Ada aurantiaca with about two dozen leads,
Masdevallia macrura, M. bella, M. Houtteana, Restrepia antennifera,
Oncidium superbiens, O. macranthum, O. lamelligerum, one spike of which
carried over fifty blossoms. Odontoglossumcrispum, very fine O. triumphans,
one bulb having fourteen fine flowers, O. maculatum, one bulb of which pro-
duced three flower spikes, and O. Pescatorei, Cochlioda Noetzliana, C.
vulcanica, and C. rosea. And what rather surprised me was that this is also
where Vanda Amesiana and V. Kimballiana are found to do best, and if
removed begin to go back. They have certainly grown well, one spike, the
blooms which I saw and counted, numbered thirty-six.

In this sunken house there is a partition, so that one department may
be kept slightly warmer than the other, and in the warmer half are to be -_
fine plants of Lelia harpophylla, L. cinnabarina, L. autumnalis, L. majalis,
and L. albida with eighteen spikes, Caelogyne cristata alba with fifty
spikes, Miltonia spectabilis, M. s. Moreliana, Sophronitis grandiflora,
Odontoglossum citrosmum, and Masdevallia Shuttleworthii.

A rather interesting feature to be seen here is various Dendrobiums
growing on the skulls of animals. A plant of D. pulchellum, for instance,
so completely monopolising one—that of a dog—that but little of it could
be seen, while a plant of D. Parishii seemed decidedly happy in possession
of another—apparently that of a sheep—sending its roots in and out and
round as though evidently relishing the object. At no distant date I
rather suspect that the cow will be represented, for a fine specimen skull
was observed carefully preserved in the potting shed, awaiting no doubt @
suitable occupant.

H.A. B.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 81

ANGRACUM ELLISII.

ANGR&CUM ELtisi, depicted in the accompanying illustration, is one of
the finest species in the genus, and for many years was extremely rare in
cultivation. It is a native of Madagascar, and is said to have been originally
discovered about the year 1854, by the Rev. W. Ellis, during his first
missionary journey there. It was found growing on the trunks of large
trees on the outskirts of the forest, sometimes mingled with aroids, ferns,

Fic. 9. ANGR#CUM ELLISII.

and other plants. On returning from his second journey he brought home
three living plants, and when his collection was broken up one was acquired
by Mr. J. Day, of Tottenham, and the other by Mr. E. Salt, of Manchester,
the third plant having previously died. The earliest record of it seems to
be in the fourth edition of Williams’ Orchid Growers’ Manual, published in
1871 (p. 87), but in the following year it was described by Reichenbach

82 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

from materials supplied by Mr. Day (Flora, lv., p. 278). From this self-
same original plant it was also figured in the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1875, iil,
pp. 277, 278, fig. 54) and in the Floral Magazine (1875, t. 191). It was
re-imported by Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, in 1879-80, through their
collecter, Curtis, who found it growing on the margins of lakes and swamps
in partially exposed places in north-east Madagascar, and later by other
firms, so that it is now more frequently met with in collections than
formerly. The leaves sometimes reach as much as ten inches long, and the
arching racemes as much as two feet, and bear from eighteen to twenty-four
flowers, which are pure white and very fragrant, the spur being about six
inches long and light cinnamon in colour. The shape of the flowers is well
shown in the illustration. It succeeds well in the East Indian house treated
like Aérides and Vandas, and with proper care will thrive for years. It is
occasionally confused with A. articulatum, Rchb. f., which probably arose
from an importation of the latter having been sold for it in 1881. A.
articulatum, which also was introduced by the Rey. W. Ellis, is a smaller
plant with shorter leaves and smaller flowers.

HYBRIDISING DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM.

DENDROBIUM Wardianum appears to be abad seed-bearer. Mr. Isaac Cart,
of Twerton-on-Avon, writes:—‘‘Is there any secret in successfully fertilising
Dendrobium Wardianum? For the last two years I have placed pollen
on numberless flowers of this Dendrobe. I have tried various times of day,
and various atmospheric conditions. I have used pollen of varying freshness,
on flowers in varying stages, from the newly opened to the faded. The one
result I have obtained is that the flower fades, but drops off in two or three
days.” Mr. Eichel also wrote:—‘‘D. Wardianum is another bad seed-
parent ; in fact, very difficult to fertilise. Only one cross has so far been
recorded where D. Wardianum acted as the seed-bearer, namely D. *
Lutwychianum” (Orch. Rev. v., p. 83). We find, however, that it is recorded
as the seed-parent also of D. x micansand D. X murrhiniacum (in the record
of the latter at page 227 of our first volume, the parentage is accidentally
reversed), so that three hybrids, at least, appear to have been successfully
raised from it as the seed-parent. We shall be glad if other correspondents
will give us their views on this matter. In view of the difficulty, howeve!, K
seems advisable either to use D. Wardianum as the pollen parent, OF to ma =
the reversed cross also at the same time, which would give two chances of
obtaining a capsule of hybrid seeds.

—_———+—4+—-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 83

ORCHIDS OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.

A LONG and interesting paper on the Orchids of the Malay Peninsula,
by Henry Ridley, M.A., F.L.S., Director of the Gardens and Forest
Department, Singapore, appears in the thirty-second volume of the
Journal of the Linnean Society, from which we extract the following
remarks relating to the natural conditions under which they grow.

The greater part of the Malay Peninsula is covered with dense jungle,
which extends to the tops of nearly all the hills, though the trees at
about 4,000 feet elevation are more stunted. In the low country forest,
epiphytic Orchids are comparatively rare, and when they occur, are usually
situated on the upper branches of the loftiest trees, so as to be nearly
inaccessible. Terrestial Orchids, chiefly Neottie, some of which are
saprophytic, occur scattered all through the forests—usually sparingly—
and, owing to their dull or brown colouring, are often very inconspicuous.
The Mangrove swamps and tidal river banks are often very rich in
epiphytic species, which, sometimes, ‘thickly cover the branches of the
trees. In the drier and more sunny spots along the sea-coast, and the
more open rivers, species of Thrixspermum, Renanthera, and Aérides,
scramble over the rocks in thick masses. The open country where the
forests have disappeared, produces but few species; Spathoglottis plicata,
Eulophia, Geodorum, Bromheadia palustris, Habenaria lacertifera, occur
in dry, §tassy spots. Liparis paradoxa, Thrixpermum lilacinum, and
Vanda Hookeriana, grow in the grassy swamps. A few species are
abundant in the orchards and gardens of the villages; such are Dendro-
bium crumenatum, D. pumilum, D. Leonis, D. micranthum, Cirrhopetalum
vaginatum, Bulbophyllum clandestinum, Dendrocolla Trichoglottis, D.
filiformis, and Acriopsis javanica.

In many of the hill forests, Orchids become more abundant; as one
ascends, the jungle becomes more open; and on the exposed, rocky
slopes, called Padang Batu (stone fields) by the natives, a great variety
can often be found. And in these places it is noticeable that species which
In the low country are only to be found on the tops of the loftiest trees,
are here to be seen growing on the ground or quite low down on the
stems and branches of the bushes and small trees. Thus, on Kedah
Peak, at about 3,000 feet elevation, the ground in some places is thickly
Carpeted with plants of Bulbophyllum, Ccelogyne, Dendrobium, Platyclinis,
Eria, €tc., in such a manner that gne is up to one’s waist in them.

A very different Orchid flora is that of the limestone hills, which are
Scattered about all over the Peninsula, but which chiefly run in a broken
es north and south. These hills are usually mere isolated masses of
Crystalline limestone, of no great size or altitude, often many miles apart,

84 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

but apparently forming lines parallel to the main chain of granite
mountains which forms the backbone of the Peninsula. Orchids are here
very plentiful, growing both on the weathered pinnacles of rock and on
‘the small trees and shrubs growing in the crevices. The rocks of the
Lankawi Islands, which have produced so many peculiar plants of all
orders, are also of limestone.

The rainfall being very heavy, and spread over the whole year, there is
no distinction of wet and dry seasons; this is probably the reason why
there is no special flowering season for most Orchids. The greater part
of the species flower at longer or shorter intervals throughout the year,
though, perhaps, more may be found in bloom in the first three months.
Calanthe curculigoides and Grammatophyllum speciosum are exceptions,
the former flowering regularly in November, the latter in August or
September. Saprophytic plants appear generally when hot and dry
weather follows heavy rains; and this applies not only to Orchids, such
as Lecanorchis and Didymoplexis, but also to the Burmanniacee and
saprophytes of other orders; so that when one or other of these is found,
the others may be expected to be in flower as well; but merely clearing a
track through the jungle will often cause these plants to appear in a few
weeks, whatever be the weather. A certain number of species flower
irregularly throughout the year, and are indeed rarely out of flower.
Others, of which Dendrobium crumenatum is the best known, invariably
produce their flowers simultaneously on certain days. The special day
holds good throughout the district, almost every plant bursts into blossom,
and may remain in flower but a few hours, sometimes a whole day; after
which the flowers wither and no more appear till the next flowering day-
Even plants brought from as far north as Siam to Singapore conform
immediately to the Singapore day, and do not flower on that of their native
place. Observation seems to show no correlation with the weather ; though
if there is very heavy rain on the day that the flowers are ready to open,
they usually delay it till it is over. Besides Dendrobium crumenatum,
D. teres, D. Kunstleri, D. criniferum and other species of the Desmotrichum
section of Dendrobium, Bulbophyllum concinnum, B. macranthum, Eria
floribunda, E. densa, etc., behave in this way. The advantages for purports:
of fertilization, especially in the case of plants producing flowers singly, 15
obvious ; for were these to flower one at a time, as their blossoms are but
short-lived, they would run a great risk of not being fertilized at all. But
what causes the plants to break out uu bloom on a definite day is not at
all clear.

There is a considerable variation in the method of opening of the flowers.
In some, all the flowers in the raceme open simultaneously, as in
Cirrhopetalum. Others produce a raceme which, growing and elongating

aie

THE ORCHID REVIEN’ 85

slowly, bears each day three or four fully open flowers only; these, unless
fertilized, fall the next day; before or as soon as the next three or four
open. A raceme of Grammatophyllum, developing in this manner, will last
fora month and a half. The intervals of time between the opening of the
two adjacent flowers may be thus from one to several days; but they are
longest in the Fornicariz, Thrixperma, and Bulbophylla of the section
Intervallate. Here the rachis grows very slowly, and the flowers open one
by one, with intervals, from about ten days (Dendrocolla filiformis) to
more than a month (Bulbophyllum Stella), so that a raceme may take
nearly a year before it has come to the last flower.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MARCH.

By H. A. BuRBERRY,. Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

Tue following figures are intended as a guide to what the thermometer
should read during the present month, always allowing a rise of a few
degrees when the sun shines :-—

CooL HOUSE.—Day, about 60° ; night, 50°.

INTERMEDIATE AND CATTLEYA HOUSE. — Day, about 65°; night,
55° to 60°.

East INDIAN HOUSE.—Day, about 70°; night, 60° to 65°.

Never force the temperatures higher by artificial heat, but a rise of a
few degrees when the sun shines is not only unavoidable, but beneficial to the
Plants in all departments. Care should now be taken to check the fires
in the mornings as much as possible if there is any prospect of the sun
making its appearance later in the day, or the sun and fire’ heat together
will make an over-heated and parched atmosphere, which is not only
injurious to the plants but promotes the growth and propagation of
troublesome insects, as yellow and black thrips and red spider.

Unless the Cool house has a northern aspect and therefore unexposed
to the sun, it will now require to be shaded more or less during bright
Weather. The shading at this early season should be let down only when
the sun is Shining, and removed at all other times. The Intermediate,
Cattleya, and East Indian houses will also now generally require to be
more or less shaded from bright sunshine, too much of which at this early
Season, when the plants are probably somewhat weak, has often a most
disastrous effect upon them. Much unnecessary trouble may thus be
averted. I specially refer to the premature loss of foliage, the shrivelling
of the Psendobulbs, and sometimes the loss of a few plants. These are
almost sure to occur at this season, to a greater or less extent, unless due

86 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

care be taken to guard against them. Asan additional safeguard, I would
advise that a considerable amount of moisture be also distributed in all
departments.

Syringing overhead with tepid water may now again commence, of
course at present doing it only as soon’ as the temperature is up in the
mornings. This will greatly refresh and invigorate the plants, keeping
them, so to speak, sufficiently moist, without causing the compost in which
they are planted to become over wet at this early season, the latter being
very injurious. No alarm need be experienced about the water lodging in
the axils of the leaves or in the new growths, as no damping off will take
place if the ventilation is properly attended to. Damping off and such like
diseases take place only when there is a stagnant atmosphere, caused by
an excess of moisture with insufficient ventilation to carry off the same.
Such an atmosphere is impure and unwholesome, and favours disease. A
solitary growth will, of course, sometimes go wrong, even under the most
approved cultural conditions. It is so in thé whole vegetable kingdom.
And what I wish to point out is, that failures of this kind occur with equal,
if not with greater, frequenty when the greatest precautions are taken
against the lodgement of water in the breaks than they do when the plants
are deliberately syringed over head.

While on the subject of damping and ventilation, I may say that the
latter should still be done with a considerable amount of care, and more
especially so in the Intermediate and Warm departments. A good deal of
harm may result from a too liberal use of the top ventilators at this
particular season, when cold searching east winds are prevalent. It is the
bottom ventilators which should be mostly worked at present, giving only 4
chink on top when it seems absolutely necessary for the prevention of an
overheated atmosphere. Apart from these trying cold winds, and
especially when the outside weather is moist and mild, as it frequently
is, there is a great advantage gained by keeping a chink on the top
almost continually, and particularly on houses which are very tightly
glazed, for it conduces to a continual, though steady, circulation of
fresh air. :

The best season for re-potting is now setting in, and many are the kinds
that may be either re-potted, or top-dressed, as the case may demand.
Regarding this important work, it is highly advisable that a few vital points
should be kept carefully in view, such as never re-potting any plant unless
it is, firstly, necessary, and secondly, at the right stage of growth it ie
operation to have the best results. Also to use clean pots and drainag®
and the best procurable fibrous peat and fresh sphagrum moss. And again,
guard against potting into over large receptacles, and be as careful as :
possible in turning out the plants of removing the old materials from them, =

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 87

and in replacing them in their new pots, pans, or baskets. When
re-potting has become imperative is either when the plant has actually
overgrown its pot, or when the compost has become obviously worn out,
and in a rapidly decomposing condition, through which the air and water
cannot pass freely. The surface of the compost of such a plant will present
an unmistakable appearance of what is going on beneath it; it will not
only look dead and heavy, but growth of a nasty green mossy or slimy
appearance will take place, and the plant will consequently look more and
more miserable and forlorn, and unless repotted again into good fresh
compost will undoubtedly go back.

It cannot be said with certainty how long a plant will safely stand after
being repotted, as so much depends upon the quality of the new compost,
the manner in which the work is performed, and in the amount of water
afterwards given. Still it should reasonably .be expected to last without
being again disturbed from one to three years. Probably many of the
Lelias, Cattleyas, | Cypripediums, Epidendrums, Odontoglossums,
Oncidiums, and such like kinds may go three years and even longer.
Whilst many of the Dendrobiums, together with Mormodes, Castasetums,
Calanthes, Thunias, and a few others are better if repotted at less intervals,
ranging from one to two years, or occasionally three.

Th right time for an Orchid to be repotted varies according to the stage
of its growth. It should almost invariably be done just as the plant is
about to start into fresh growth, or in other words when the new growth is
seen bursting forth from the base of the last formed psendobulb. The
Toots are then just commencing to become active, and will soon become
re-established in the new compost. Many are the plants that will shortly
Present such new growth. For instance, we may now look through our
Cool house, and find among others many of the Odontoglossum crispum,
O. triumphans, O. luteopurpureum, and O. nebulosum in such a condition;
also various species of the cool growing Oncidiums, and various others. In
the Cattleya house no less an important and useful species than C. Triane
will be ripe for re-potting, also C. Gaskelliana, Warscewiczii, some few
Lelias, and others, while the intermediate growing kinds in this condition
are too numerous to mention. Sufficient, however, have been mentioned
te illustrate my meaning. This rule for re-potting holds good, I believe,
Without any exception if happening at this or any early period of the
Stowing season, even though the plants still have to bloom, such as the
Anguloas and the Lycastes for instance. These, as we know, start their
new growths and flower buds simultaneously, and are thus too far advanced
© "e-pot after the flowers are past. And again, should any of the
; Cattleyas Start to root profusely or to make new growth before they bloom,

oe : we. Mossiz and C. Mendelii will sometimes do, they are really better if

88 ' THE ORCHID REVIEW.

repotted before blooming then otherwise, but not unless the roots do begin
to push freely.

As before mentioned, the pots should always be perfectly clean, also the
crocks. I prefer after placing a large piece or two of crock over the hole,
to use all the other drainage broken up very small, as the compost seems to
last longer in a firmer and sweeter condition if so drained. All plants not
deemed necessary to repot should be top-dressed with fresh sphagnum moss
as they are starting away to grow. It not only gives them a much nicer
appearance, but the sweet moss about them really does them a great deal
of good, being an encouragement to renewed root action. On examination
it can usually be pretty quickly decided whether top-dressing only is
requisite or not, for although the surface of the old compost may appear
more or less dead and exhausted, it is soon apparent on its removal whether
that which is beneath is in any degree sound and porous and capable of
doing service for another season or not. One accustomed to Orchids can
easily tell this at sight before handling the plants, as the compost, although
looking old, shows unmistakeable signs of whether the air and water can
pass through or not.

Thunias are now just starting to grow, and should be potted with one or
more stems, as desired, in pots, well drained, and ina compost rather richer
than employed for most Orchids. I like a little fibrous yellow loam mixed
with an equal portion of lumpy peat, and sufficient coarse sand to keep the
whole open. This should be pressed down very firmly. A very little water
will be required for some time at the root, but the pots should be placed in
a very sunny position, such as a shelf near the glass, and the plantssyringed
occasionally, which will be all the watering they need have until rooted.
The best temperature to grow them in is intermediate, or if one possess 4
proper Mexican house no better place could be provided. Exactly such a
position best suits the Pleiones, which are now growing apace, and should be
syringed frequently and kept regularly moist at the root.

The mention of the Mexican house reminds me of what a wonderfully
useful one it is, and I would advise all lovers of Orchids not having one
already to provide one by hook or by crook. They may easily do s0, if
only by petitioning off a portion of an already existing structure. What
is meant by a Mexican house is simply one in which no shade whatever
is used, not even during the hottest time of the summer, which means, of
course, that someone must be close at hand always, to put on very large
supplies of air, and to frequently distribute abundant supplies of moisture,
otherwise the plants grown therein may be very quickly baked up 2”
spoilt, in which case the owner would be better without such a house.
Still, if a Mexican house is properly handled, it is wonderful how hard
and perfectly healthy are the plants so cultivated. Lelia anceps, and

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 89

other short-bulbed Mexican Lzlias. have leaves and bulbs of wonderful
solidity, and are a real pleasure to grow, while there are many other little
oddities which, from some cause or another fail to grow well anywhere
else, do much better when so treated. I will mention a few of them
which I have found from experience liable to deteriorate under ordinary
cultivation, but show signs of improvement when taken there—what then
would strong, newly-imported plants be likely to do if subjected to such
treatment from the first Vanda teres and V. Hookeriana, Lelia Digbyana
and L. glauca, Burlingtonias, Mormodes and Catasetums, Cattleyas of
the dolosa section, Comparettias, Cyrtopodiums, Schomburgkias, Dendro-
bium Cambridgeanum and D. albosanguineum, also Oncidium Londes-
boroughianum and O. splendidum. There is still plenty of room for
further experiments in this direction with unsatisfactory growing or
flowering kinds, and I believe that, in most instances, a good lesson
would result—that is, of course, supposing it was done with a’ due amount
of caution.

Dendrobiums which have been treated properly during the resting
Season should now be making a grand show of bloom. After having
bloomed, of course, the new growth will commence to grow away rather
rapidly. This, however, should not be unduly hurried, but allowed to come
away gradually in a moderately warm temperature. What re-potting or
top-dressing is necessary should be performed immediately after blooming.
Pans and baskets are preferable, and a position suspended from the roof-
glass of the stove is one which it is hard to beat. There are now a very
large number of beautiful hybrid Dendrobiums in cultivation, which are
found to be exceedingly easy to cultivate if treated in a rational manner, as
_ Previously advised. All the while these plants are small, it is a simple
matter to re-pan or re-basket every year, giving them fresh, sweet materials,
which are highly appreciated by this class of Orchids.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID
SOCIETY.
MEETING at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, 9th February, 1899.
Present :— Messrs. Shorland Ball (in the chair), Thomas Statter, J. Leemann,
H. Greenwood, J. Cypher, R. Johnson, and T. Mills (hon. sec.).

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed
Cypripedium insigne Luciani, a wonderfully coloured flower, having the
Petals and pouch a clear dark yellow (much darker than we have hitherto
Seen it) and without any spots on the dorsal sepal. The flower was, how-
‘ver, rather small for an insigne (First-class Certificate) ; C. Wiertzianum

Schildianum x Lawrenceanum), a very fine flower, partaking pretty

go THE ORCHID REVIEW.

equally of the characteristics of the parents, and with the dorsal sepal
quite flat, a merit sadly conspicuous by its absence in so many of the Cypri-
pedium crosses (First-class Certificate), and Dendrobium whitefieldense
(derived from D. X Leechianum xX nobile albiflorum (Award of Merit).

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., New-Hall-Hey, Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill),
showed a magnificent form of Dendrobium x Ainsworthii, which was awarded
a First-class Certificate, and a yellow form of Cypripedium insigne.

John Leeman, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge) showed Cattleya
Trianae, West Bank House variety (Award of Merit), C. T. Chevalieriana
(Award of Merit), C. quadricolor (chocoensis) alba (Award of Merit),
Lelio-cattleya xX Gottoiana (Award of Merit), Cypripedium X_nitens
superbum, C. xX Creon, Dendrobium Wardianum candidum (Award of
Merit), and Maxillaria Lindenize (Award of Merit). The same exhibitor
also staged a very fine group of miscellaneous Orchids, consisting of the
above and many other good things, for which he was awarded a Silver-gilt
Medal.

H. Greenwood, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Gill), showed Dendrobium
X Cybele roseum (Award of Merit), D. nobile murrhiniacum (Award of
Merit), and a striking group of valuable varieties of Dendrobes, which
received a Vote of Thanks.

Mrs. Briggs. Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), showed Cyprti-
pedium X Beckmanni, much larger and better than when exhibited a yeat
ago, and described on page 25 of our last volume. The flower appears to
show more of the pollen parent than on the last occasion, and it is difficult
to attribute the width of the petals to any parentage but C. bellatulum. It
is a wonderful flower of the very highest class, and was awarded a First-
class Certificate. The same exhibitor also showed C. insigne Harefield
Hall Variety (First-class Certificate), Odontoglossum crispum, a very good
form, with large, narrow spots on the sepals and petals, but slightly past
its best (Award of Merit), and a hybrid Odontoglossum, very much in the
way of O. X Andersonianum Ruckerianum, but of a very distinct dark
yellow colour (First-class Certificate).

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed
Cypripedium x Lathamianum aureum (Award of Merit), C. x L. inversum
(Award of Merit), and Dendrobium atroviolaceum.

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), showed Odonto-
glossum crispum “ Jeanette,” a beautiful large, round flower with the petals
and sepals almost covered with small, bright red spots (First-class
Certificate), Cattleya Trianze Imperator, with magnificent dark lip, but We
have seen the flower larger (Award of Merit), and Cypripedium X Prewetti!. e

W. Duckworth, Esq., Shaw Hall, Flixton (gr. Mr. Tindal), showed —
Dendrobium x Schneiderianum. es

THE ORCHID REVIEW. gi

C, J. Crosfield, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool, showed Cattleya Triane
and Odontoglossum crispum.

Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham, showed Lelia anceps Schrceederiana, a
very large flower of this superb variety (First-class Certificate), and a
miscellaneous group, including the above, Dendrobium x Schneiderianum,
D. xX Cassiope, Odontoglossum blandum, Masdevallia Schroederiana, the
finest form of Cypripedium x Harrisianum, and many other good things,
for which a Silver Medal was awarded.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed a very fine specimen of
Dendrobium X Dominianum, which was awardeda Cultural Certificate.

Messrs. Stanley Mobbs and Ashton, Southgate, showed Paphiopedilum
xX Deedmanianum (Spicerianum x Chamberlainianum).

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THE second meeting of the year was held at the Drill Hall, James Street,
Westminster, on January 31st, when there was a very fair display of
Orchids, considering the season, and several awards were made. The
members of the Committee present were:—H. J. Veitch, Esq. (in the
chair), and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), E. Ashworth, H. Ballantine,
T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, S. Courtauld, De. B. Crawshay, J. Douglas,
J. T. Gabriel, E. Hill, J. Jaques, H. Little, F. Mason, H. M. Pollett, F. J.
Thorne, C. Winn, and W. H. Young.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
W. H. White), exhibited the remarkable Masdevallia x Curlei (macrura
? X tovarensis 3 ), which received an Award of Merit.

F. Knight, Esq., Thundersley House, Thundersley, Essex (gr. Mr.
Marston), staged a very pretty group of Cattleya Triane, including both
dark and light varieties, very well grown and flowered. A Silver Banksian

edal was awarded.

mF. Symonds, Esq., Woodthorpe, Beckenham (gr. Mr. Day), also
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a very pretty group, including some
fine Specimens of Dendrobium infundibulum Jamesianum, Cclogyne
cristata, Lycaste Skinneri alba, Odontoglossum crispum, O. X mulus,
0. x Andersonianum, a good form of Cypripedium x Sallieri, and others.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), showed
. fine form of Odontoglossum crispum and Lelia anceps, Crawshay’s
Variety, the latter now better developed than when exhibited a year ago,
being awarded a First-class Certificate.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook),
sent two very fine forms of Cattleya Trianz, one called var. E. Ashworth,

g2 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

a fine white, with a brilliant purple-crimson front lobe to the lip, receiving
an Award of Merit.

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford, Essex (gr. Mr.
Davis), showed a collection of cut varieties of Lelia anceps, together with
a good Cypripedium X Chapmanii, C. x Chamberlaino-Leeanum, another
pretty variety called C. X Miss Louisa Fowler (Chamberlainianum 2 xX
C. insigne 3), to which an Award of Merit was given. The dorsal sepal
is light green, with lines of purple blotches, becoming smaller towards the
margin, the petals undulate, tinged and veined with purple, the lip light
rose, and the staminode cushion-shaped and yellow.

Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray),
showed a flower of Calanthe x Oakwood Ruby, a brilliant dark rose-purple
variety with a white eye. Its pedigree is described as C. vestita rubro-
oculata X rosea, yielding C. x Veitchii Oakwood var., which was crossed
with the pollen of C. vestita rubro-oculata, yielding C. x Alexandri, which
was again crossed with C. y. rubro-oculata, and the progeny again seeded
from for several years, the darkest form being selected on each occasion.

Philip Crowley, Esq., Waddon House, Croydon (gr. Mr. Harris), showed
a delicate peach-coloured variety of Cattleya Triane.

Mr. W. Driver, gr., Longford House, Minchinhampton, _ sent
Cypripedium villosum.

H.S. Leon, Esq., Bletchley Park, Bletchley (gr. Mr. Hislop), showed
Cattleya x Preciosa Hislopii (Lawrenceana X Lueddemanniana Ernesti);
a promising rose-coloured variety, rather darker on the front lobe of the lip.

Messrs. Linden, L’Horticulture Internationale, Brussels, showed the
remarkable Zygobatemannia xX Mastersii, described at page 46 of our last
issue, a handsomely blotched form of Odontoglossum crispum, O. X
Andersonianum Schusterianum, a bright yellow form marked and spotted
with reddish brown, the yellow Cypripedium insigne Luciani, C. X
Wiertzianum (Rothschildianum x Lawrenceanum), and Cattleya Trian#
Lindeni, a large richly-coloured variety. The two latter each received an
Award of Merit. :

Mr. James Douglas, Edenside, Great ‘Bookham, received a_ Silver
Banksian Medal for a fine group of cut blooms, including Ccelogyne
cristata, some fine forms of Lelia anceps, the pretty little L. x Brys@,
Cypripedium Boxallii, hybrid Calanthes, &c.

Messrs. Stanley Mobbs & Ashton, Chase Side, Southgate, received a
Botanical Certificate for Epidendrum umbellatum, a West Indian species
with green flowers, which was introduced to cultivation as long ago as 1793:

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.. Bash Hill Park, Enfield, showed
Cypripedium insigne Sanderz, and Phalenopsis X Wiganiz, said to be .
hybrid between P, Schilleriana and P. Stuartiana. The flowers were white

4
x"
:
:
:
:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 93

with some rose-pink in the centre, and some rosy spots on the lateral sepals
and side lobes of the lip.

At the meeting held on February r4th the display of Orchids was
exceptionally fine—probably the best February show that the Drill Hall
has seen. The members of the Orchid Committee present were :—H. J.
Veitch, Esq. (in the chair), and J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), E. Ashworth,
H. J. Chapman, J. Colman, W. Cobb, S. Courtauld, De B. Crawshay,
J. Douglas, J. G. Fowler, E. Hill, H. Little, A. Outram, H. T. Pitt,
W. H. Protheroe, C. Winn, and W. H. Young.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr.
Mr. White), staged a very beautiful group, to which a Silver-gilt Flora
Medal was awarded. It contained half-a-dozen splendid plants of
Cypripedium x Lawrebel, each bearing a twin-flowered scape, C. X conco-
Lawre, several forms of C. xX hirsuto-Sallieri, C. x Lathamianum,
C. X Calypso, good forms of C. villosum, C. x Leeanum Albertianum,
the beautiful Dendrobium x Juno,;. Dz x: Fhahia, D.. >- dulce; some
geod forms of D. x chrysodiscus and D. xX melanodiscus, D. xX
burfordiense, and D. x splendidissimum, a good plant of Epidendrum
Endresii, an inflorescence of the purple E. paniculatum, the rare Australian
Diuris maculata, Liparis longipes, Odontoglossum pulchellum, some good
Masdevallias, and other showy Orchids. A good plant of Masdevallia x
falcata with seven flowers received an Award of Merit, Catasetum discolor
a Botanical Certificate, and a good Odontoglossum X Andersonianum a
Cultural Commendation.

His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, Syon House, Brentford
(gr. Mr. Wyethes), exhibited a well-fruited branch of Vanilla planifolia,
together with dried fruits of the same grown at Syon last season. A Silver
Knightian Medal and a Cultural Commendation were awarded by the Fruit
and Vegetable Committee.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart,, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
exhibited Cattleya Trianze Amy Wigan, a fine variety with a very feathered
Purple blotch at the apex of the petals and a very claret-crimson lip with
“ery little yellow in the throat. A First-class Certificate was awarded.

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whiffen), staged a

my §Toup, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained some
distinct and very beautiful varieties of Cattleya Trianz, some fine forms of
Odontoglossum luteopurpureum, a delicate blush-white form of Lycaste
Skinneri, &c,

. F, Knight, Esq., Thundersley House, Thundersley, Essex (gr. Mr.
Marston), received a Silver Banksian Medal for a good group of showy
Orchids, including fine forms of Cattleya Trianze, Oncidium varicosum

°8ersii, and other showy Orchids of the season.

94 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

C. H. Feiling, Esq., Southgate House, Southgate (gr. Mr. Canham),
also staged a pretty group, in which Cypripediums were very well repre-
sented. A Bronze Banksian Medal was awarded.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), sent a
very good well-flowered plant of Odontoglossum maculatum anceps, to
which a Cultural C dation was awarded.

R.. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr.
Chapman), received a Botanical Certificate for the pretty little Restrepia.
leopardina.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook), sent
a good plant of Masdevallia Schrcoederiana with six flowers, Cypripedium
x villoso-enanthum, a large and handsome hybrid, mést like C. cenanthum
in the dorsal sepal, and elsewhere most like C. villosum, a ten-flowered
raceme of Cymbidium grandiflorum, and a group of seven seedlings from
Dendrobium xX Dominianum x D. x Cassiope, showing ‘considerable
variation in colour, from rose to nearly white.

F. M. Burton, Esq., Highfield, Gainsborough, sent a very pretty
orange-scarlet hybrid Epidendrum, derived from E. ibaguense and E. X
O’Brienianum. It is described as E. X Burtoni on another page.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), showed
good white and coloured forms of Lelia anceps, and Odontoglossum
triumphans var. Mrs. De B. Crawshay, with bright yellow ground, and
much less brown markings than usual.

H. J. Elwes, Esq., Colesborne, Andoversford, sent Bletia hyacinthina,
and a pretty rose-coloured hybrid Calanthe derived from C. rosea and C.
Regnieri Stevensii.

J. T. Gabriel, Esq., Palace Road, Streatham (gr. Mr. Ranson), sent 4
good well-coloured form of Cattleya Triane.

H. Harris, Esq., Bowdon Hill House, Chippenham (gr. Mr. Penton),
showed Lelia anceps Schroederiana and a good form of Cattleya
Triane.

G. F. Moore, Esq., Chardwar, Bourton-on-the- Water, showed the large
and striking Cypripedium x Beckmanni.

The Rev. F. Paynter, Guildford (er. Mr. Cook), sent flowers of Den-
drobium Phalznopsis hololeucum and a good form of Odontoglossum
crispum.

Mr, Owen Thomas, Royal Gardens, Frogmore, showed a pretty light
blush flower of Cattleya Trianz.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, staged
a very fine group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained a
number of beautiful Dendrobiums, as D. x Dominianum, some good D. X
splendissimum, D. x dulce, D. x Cordelia and its yellow variety flavescens, :

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 95

D. X Wardiano-japonicum, D. X euosmum and var. virginale, a fine plant
of D. infundibulum, a fine Epiphronitis x Veitchii, examples of the
valuable Epidendrum X elegantulum, Cypripedium x Enid (Spicerianum
X bellatulum), and other showy hybrids, a good plant of Cymbidium x
eburneo-Lowianum, Odontoglossum X mulus and other Odontoglossums,
some good forms of Cattleya Triane, &c. The following gained an Award
of Merit :—Phalenopsis x Mrs. J. H. Veitch (Lueddemanniana ? xX
Sanderiana g), a very pretty hybrid, most resembling the pollen parent in
shape, and having pale yellow sepals and petals spotted with cinnamon,
and a white lip with some red*brown spots about the crest ; Phaio-calanthe
X Niobe (Phaius grandifolius @ x Calanthe x gigas g), most resembling
the seed parent in habit, and the Calanthe in the flowers, which were
flushed with rose-pink on the sepals, petals, and round the margin of the
lip; and Cypripedium x Orion (insigne @ X concolor 3), a charming
yellow flower, bearing minute red dots, especially on the dorsal sepal, the
upper third of which is white with some purple spots.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, received a Silver
Banksian Medal for a very pretty group, including some good specimens of
Phalznopsis Schilleriana, Stuartiana, and Aphrodite, Angreecum sesquipe-
dale, Dendrobium Lowii, Odontoglossum crispum roseum, O. X Andersoni-
anum, some pretty forms of Cypripedium insigne, and other showy
Orchids.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, received an Award of
Merit for Lelio-cattleya x warnhamensis var. Hypatia (L. cinnaharina ?
X C. Triane Normanii 3), a charming yellow flower with the front lobe of
: the lip bright claret-crimson.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, also received a Silver
Banksian Medal for a large and effective group, containing L#lio-cattleya
X intermedio-flava, some good forms of Cattleya Trianz, Calanthe x bella,
some good Phaius x Cooksoni, Lelia anceps Williamsii, Dendrobium
Wardianum, some good Lycaste Skinneri, Cirrhopetalum picturatum,
Odontoglossums, and over twenty fine Cypripediums.

Meets. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, sent three seedling Phaiuses,
called P, x D.S. Brown (P. X amabilis x grandifolius), P. X orphanum
(P. grandifolius x P. xX Marthe), and P. x Norman var. (Wallichii Mannii
X tuberculosus).

€ssts. Fisher, Son, and Sibray, Royal Nurseries, Handsworth, sent
two distinct varieties of Cypripedium insigne, which, however, had the
“Ppearance of not being fully developed. C. i. Eveline had a yellowish
White §tound, with the petals and markings on the dorsal sepal of a rosy
: Purple shade, the latter organ being unusually narrow. The other was very

Stnilar in shape but more normal in colour.

96 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.
COCHLIODA SANGUINEA (specimen plant).—Garden, Feb. 4) Pe 9B,
with fig.
CyMBIDIUM HooKERIANUM.—Journ. of Hort., Feb. 9, p. 103, fig. 22.
CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE HAREFIELD HALL var.—Journ. of Hort., Jan. 5,
p: 5, Hie tr.
CYPRIPEDIUM X Miss Louisa FOwWLER.—Gard. Mag., Feb. 18, p. 88,
with fig.
CYPRIPEDIUM X OrION.—Journ. 0° Hort., Feb. 23, p. 151, fig. 313; Gard.
Mag., Feb. 25, p. 104, with fig. ;
DENDROBIUM CAPILLIPES, Rchb. f.—Bot. Mag., t. 7639.
DENDROBIUM CREPIDATUM, LiInpL.—WNeub. Gart.-Mag., Feb. I, p. 49;
t. 2 (reproduced from Bot. Mag., t. 4993, but the source unacknowledged).
DENDROBIUM X JuNO.—Gard. Chron., Feb. 25, p. 114, fig. 44.
EPIDENDRUM UMBELLATUM.—Gard. Chron., Feb. 18, p. 98, fig. 39.
ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (specimen plant with thirteen spikes).—
Gard. Chron., Feb. 4., pp. 66, 67, fig. 22.
ODONTOGLOssuUM PEscaTorREI (specimen plant).—Gard. Chron., Feb. 4,
pp. 66, 69., fig. 23. ;
PHAIUs xX .—Gard. Chron., Feb. 25, p. 115, fig. 45. A variety of
P. X Norman.
PHAL2NopsiIs X Mrs. J. H. Vertcu.—Gard. Chron., Feb. 25, p- 114
fig. 43.
ZYGOBATEMANNIA X MAsTersit.—Gard. Chron., Feb. 18, p. 99, fig: 49

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.
(C pondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in
some cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue.)

F., Lasswade. The flowers of Cattleya Triane are rather below the average size, but —
may improve with culture. None of them are recognised as belonging to the hier
named varieties ; 1, however, is near var. plumosa; 2 and 4 near var. Penelope, while ‘bse
5 are, we should consider as light coloured forms of the type. See notes at vol. 11, P- 114,
where a classified list of over fifty varieties may be found Ne

- W. M., Rawdon. This form of Cattleya Triane with spathulate petals and lip bs
remarkable ; also the deep purple stain at the back of the column, but whether it WF
remain permanent is doubttul. As the flower is small and the plant is only semi-established,
it may arise from weakness. ‘

H. J. R., Florence. A cross between Paphiopedilum x Harrisianum and Foo or
thum might yield such a flower. It is obviously undeveloped, and is probably a form Of

. . : 1
W. T. F., Brandon. Odontoglossum gloriosum. The Cattleya Triane 1s a pe

good form, large and well-shaped, with lilac-rose sepals and petals, and the lips of a bri |

dark ruby-purple, and the throat deep yellow. It is very near to the variety Atalanta. :

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THE AMATEUR ORCHID CULTIVATORS

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An excellent practical treatise on Orchid a
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“ORCHID REVIEW” OFFICE.
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STANLEY-MOBBS & ASHTON,
SOUTHGATE, LONDON, N.,

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Odontoglossum crispum Stevensii, 0. c. Charlesworthii, 0. c. fastuosum, 0. c.

roseum, 0. c. guttatum superbum, 0. c. Triane, 0. Chestertoni, 0.

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For the convenience of Purchasers the plants are left on the premises, Bankfield

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RCHIDS

A SPECIALITY.

Messrs.

arlesworth & Co.
Heaton, BRADFORD,

Have a large and fine stock of established
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INSPECTION INVITED.

NOTICE OF =
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In consequence of the Expiration of the Lease
of the CLAPTON NURSERIES being not far
distant,

HUGH LOW & (0,

Beg to notify that their entire stock of

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JAMES CYPHER,
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To Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales ie
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arks and Public Buildings.

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e Importer of Cyp. Charlesworthii,
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and

APRIL, 1899.

THE

Hn 3llustrated Monthly Journal,

DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY.

Contents.

a % PAGE
dar of Operations for April .... 114
ondence, &c. ... = Lec aag cultural Society
bium x Ainsworthii as a wild Nomenclature of Hybrids
Notes... fie ‘3 sw
Odontoglossum x Wilckeanum, ’
constitutes f 26.80% sa
Orchid Portraits Ress ees
Orchids at the Riyal Hottie
Society ch sie
Orchids in season.
: Spontaneous hybrids of bry
ie ee rt Sresigicunee eburmea Oe. oe

ue

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ited number of large paper copies ( fi orming *
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544, KING’S ROAD, CHELSEA, an

Voi. VII.} APRIL, 1866, LNo. 76.

NOTES.

| THE next meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
; Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on April 18th, when the Orchid
_ Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.

Two meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society
will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, during April, on the 13th
_ and 27th. The Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open
__ to inspection from one o’clock until four.

Mr. G. Hansen, Scenic Tract, Berkeley, California, writes that he is
_ Preparing a new supplement to his work, The Orchid Hybrids, and is
anxious to receive dates of fecundation and time of first flowering of
_ additional hybrids. Also any notes which are in line with the references
_ already given. Even if the crosses have been effected previously at other
Places, he would be glad to record any new instance. With the new
_ Supplement he intends to issue an Index to the entire work.

Flowers of Paphiopedilum Rothschildianum and its variety Elliottianum
are sent by Mr. W. B, Latham, of the Birmingham Botanical and
orticultural Society. It will be remembered that they were originally
fescribed as distinct species, and the plants which produced these flowers
were purchased as such some years ago. They, however, do not agree
with the characters originally given, and it is now well known that both
sa forms of the same species. One is fairly typical, but the other differs
m having a broader, rather shorter and more concave dorsal sepal, and the
Petals are spotted on the lower half instead of lined, the spots at the
“xtreme base being few, small, and pale in colour.

> A very fine form of Masdevallia Chimera is sent from the same collec-
2 gether with a much shorter tailed form, which may be referred to
Variety Wallisii,

98 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A flower of the handsome Phragmipedilum xX cardinale Vannert is sent
from the collection of W. Vanner, Esq., Camden Wood, Chislehurst. It is
an exceptionally fine variety, which was awarded a First-class Certificate by
the Royal Horticultural Society in February, 18go.

A series of eight flowers from different forms of the polymorphic
Odontoglossum x Andersonianum are sent from the Tapton Court
collection, Sheffield, by Mr. E. Howarth. One is a very good typical form
with clear white ground and many cinnamon brown spots; another is
var. hebraicum, and the others are more ordinary forms, with both white
and yellow grounds. Two forms of O. X Coradinei are also sent.

Flowers of Odontoglossum xX excellens spectabile and O. X stauroides
elegantius are sent from the collection of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton
Grange, Stone, by Mr. Stevens. They are two very interesting Pescatorel
hybrids, and the former has very broad segments. Two distinct forms of
Dendrobium X Ainsworthii are also sent.

A very good form of Odontoglossum xX Coradinei has appeared in the
collection of E. Docker, Esq., Dudley House, Isleworth. The shape is
good, and the ground colour bright canary yellow, with a few small brown
spots on the sepals and petals, and a larger one on the lip, in front of the
crest. It is quite intermediate in shape between O. crispum and
O. Lindleyanum.

An exceptionally large and handsome form of Dendrobium Wardianum
is sent from the collection of Major-General Gillespie, Brynderwen, Usk;
Monmouthshire. The flower measures five inches in expanse, from tip to
tip of the petals, which themselves are 74 inches in diameter. The large
purple blotch at the apex of the segments is very sharply defined from the
white ground, and the two maroon blotches cn the lip are very large; while
the orange-yellow ground extends quite two-thirds of the way to the apex.
It is from a new importation, and several of the old stems are covered with
flowers of the same size, making a very fine sight.

A chaste and beautiful albino of Dendrobium nobile is sent from the
collection of Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne- it
has the broad, flat segments and other ‘characters of D. nobile, and must
be referred to D. n. virginale, figured at p. 145 of our fifth volume. The

lip has a faint flush of palest primrose, and the column is green, besides

which there is not the slightest trace of colour in the flower. Flowers of
D. n. albiflorum, D. n. Amesiz and the true D. n. nobilius are also sent,
and are extremely beautiful.

j

Shortly afterwards flowers of the same beautiful albino were also ee |
from the collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., The Woodlands, Streatham :

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 99

from which it is evident that this charming variety will soon be much
better known.

A good form of Dendrobium xX Ainsworthii is sent from the collection of
F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey, by Mr. Stafford, who
describes the parentage as D. nobile Cooksonianum x D. aureum Ellerianum.
The flower is of good shape, with broad segments, and pure white with a
rich maroon blotch, which is less distinctly feathered at the margin than
usual. Eight plants have bloomed, which are said to differ chiefly in
colour, one or two being tinted with rose, and others tipped with a similar
colour.

A very fine form of Odontoglossum Hallii is sent from the collection
of J. Wilson Potter, Esq., of Croydon. The flower measures 4% inches
across its broadest diameter, and both sepals and petals are very heavily
marked with deep brown.

A flower of the pretty little Phalaenopsis x Hermione is sent by
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea. The parentage is said to be
uncertain, but is thought to be P. Stuartiana ? and P. Lueddemanniana
g. The flower is prettily spotted all over with rose-purple on a lighter
ground.

DENDROBIUM x AINSWORTHII AS A WILD PLANT.
Hap Dendrobium x Ainsworthii appeared as a wild plant prior to 1874,
it would almost certainly have been described as a species, and evidence
how comes to hand which shows that such a thing might very easily
have happened. One of the plants in a batch of about three-hundred
imported D. nobile, in the collection of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton
Grange, Stone, has surprised everyone by producing flowers of D. x
Ainsworthii instead of those of D. nobile, and Mr. Stevens thought it of
Sufficient interest to communicate. And in answer to an enquiry as to
whether there was any possibility of mistake, Mr. Stevens said ‘‘ No! and
to prove that nobile and heterocarpum grow together, I last year flowered
both together in the same pan, from imported plants.” The two facts I
think may be taken as conclusive, and it now seems quite possible that the
hybrid was in existence as a wild plant before Dr. Ainsworth raised it
artificially. At all events the evidence now published is extremely interest-
8, and this is not likely to remain an isolated example. It may be added
7 that D. nobile and D. aureum (heterocarpum) are both found in Nepal,

Sikkim, Khasia, Assam, and Upper Burmah, though from which of these
localities Mr. Thompson’s plant came I do not know. In Sikkim, D. nobile
_'Ssaid by Sir. George King and Mr. Pantling to be very common up to
33000 feet elevation, while D. aureum is found in tropical valleys up to

LOO THE ORCHID REVIEW.

3,300 feet, so that at the lower elevation the two may grow intermixed in
various localities. It may be added that the flowers of Mr. Thompson's
plant are white, with the usual feathered blotch on the disc, and thus are
nearer to typical D. x Ainsworthii than to its varieties, though not quite
identical with any form which I have seen.

R. A. ROLFE.

THE HYBRIDIST.
DENDROBIUM X CLYTIE.
A FLOWER ofa very pretty hybrid Dendrobium bearing the above name is
sent from the collection of the Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury,
Birmingham, by Mr. Smith. It was purchased as a seedling from D.
Findlayanum x Leechianum, and the flower sent is just what might be
expected from such a parentage. It is of good shape, with the sepals and
petals rose-purple near the apex, passing to nearly white at the base; and
the lip bears a fine maroon blotch on the disc, slightly feathered at the
margin, where also is a trace of yellow, the rest of the lip being nearly
white, tipped with rose-purple. It will be seen that it owes its characters
to the combined influence of the three species, D. Findlayanum, nobile and
aureym, and that it must be classed as one of the remarkable series of
secondary hybrids, of which D. x chrysodiscus and D. x melanodiscus,
raised in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, were the originals. The
history of these plants was thus recorded at page 16 of our first volume :—
‘One of the most remarkable results yet chronicled in the genus was ob-
tained by crossing D. x Ainsworthii with the pollen of D. Findlayanum;
and vice versd. The seedlings began to flower in 1877. The first had a
purple disc, and was named by the late Prof. Reichenbach D. X melano-
discus, but the second had a deep yellow disc, and was called D. X
chrysodiscus. Others from the same batch have been called D. X Luna,
etc. So different are the forms that no one would ever suspect them to
have the same parentage.” Other named forms from the same parent-
age are D. X Hebe, D. x Dido, D. x pallens, D. x Rainbow, and D. x
The Pearl, and the R. H.S. records show that these plants have gained
two First-class Certificates, and five Awards of Merit at the Society's
Shows, which speaks volumes as to their decorative value. It would be
interesting to see the whole series side by side, for it is one of the most
remarkable cases of polymorphism among hybrids yet known.
PAPHIOPEDILUM XX FORTUNA.

A very beautiful flower has been sent from the collection of Reginald
Young, Esq., of Sefton Park, Liverpool, with the following note on its history:
The seedling was purchased from Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. in March,
1895, when it was thought to be P. x Smithii, In April of the following

THE ORCHID REVIEW. tot

year it flowered, and proved to be quite different, and was much admired,
though no one succeeded in identifying it, either then or a year later, when
another flower was produced. This year it has flowered again, and was
standing side by side with P. callosum, when Mr. Young was struck by the
marvellous similarity between them in several characters, and a further
examination convinced him that this was one of the parents. Following
the matter up, he was convinced that P. Hookere was the other parent,
and in this we fully concur. Mr. Young has plants of P. x
marmorophyllum (Hookerz x barbatum) and P. x enfieldense (Lawrence-
anum X Hooker), and we fully agree with him that it is quite distinct
from both. It thus appeared to be a new hybrid, but its origin still remains
a mystery, for Messrs. Charlesworth inform us that they have no record of
this cross, and think that it must have come out of one of the collections
of seedlings which they have purchased. It would be interesting to know
if any of our readers can throw any further light on its origin. The flower
is much like a fine callosum, strongly suffused with purple, especially in the
petals, and the staminode modified into that nearly orbicular shape which
shows as clearly the influence of P. Hooker as in the two hybrids just
mentioned. The petals, however, are as strongly curved as in callosum,
and the outline, curvature, and veining, of the dorsal sepal are almost
identical, with the single exception of colour. The petals are rather shorter
and broader than in callosum, but show traces of the characteristic warts
on the upper margin. The lip is also rather shorter, and darker in colour.
Itisa strikingly handsome form, being excellent both in shape and colour,
and it lasts a long time in good condition. Mr. Young must be
Congratulated on his good fortune.
MASDEVALLIA X HEBE.

Another hybrid Masdevallia has been raised by Captain Hincks, Terrace
House, Richmond, Yorks., of which we have received a flower. It was
obtained by crossing M. coriacea with the pollen of M. Veitch-
fana grandiflora, and the seedling, which came up in 1891, has
= Sewered for the first time. The foliage is said to most
resemble the seed parent. The flower is also most like M. coriacea
i general character, but the lateral sepals are modified in the direction of
me other parent, and the flower stalk is elongated to a foot long. The
inner surface of the perianth also bears a number of minute crimson hairs,
“Specially on the nerves, which further shows the influence of M. grandi-
. ee The perianth tube is ? inch long, and the lateral sepals extend
Maly two inches further. Each sepal bears three darker nerves, as In M.
7 t,t is an interesting addition to the series raised by Captain
—" though less brilliant in colour than might have been expected. It

viously not yet reached its full development. ;

102, THE ORCHID REVIEW.

MANCHESTER ROYAL BOTANICAL AND HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.

THE Spring Show of this Society was held in the Town Hall, Manchester,
on March a2ist, and, notwithstanding the severe weather prevailing, a
magnificent display of spring flowers was forthcoming, amongst which, as
on previous occasions, Orchids formed the leading attraction. The whole
of the wall space and in front of the organ were practically filled with groups
of floral gems of this popular Order, and we have no hesitation in stating
that the display is the finest we have seen in Manchester at this time of the
year.

Elijah Ashworth, Esq., of Wilmslow, staged a group in which were
many rare and beautiful varieties, and which was awarded a Gold Medal.
The beautiful albino Dendrobium nobile Ashworthianum, was again shown
and was awarded a First-class Certificate. We described this in vol. 6,
p- 120, and see no reason to alter our views of it there expressed, upon again
seeing it in flower. First-class Certificates were also awarded to Cattleya
Trianz, Harefield Hall variety, with pure white petals and sepals of perfect
form and very dark lip, C. T. Arthur Ashworth, and C. T. John Ashworth.
Amongst Dendrobiums we also noticed D. nobile Ballianum, n. nobilius,
X Rolfez, x Rainbow, x Juno, xX Schneiderianum, and x Wiganie.
A very fine plant of Lycaste Skinneri, a mass of flowers, received a Cultural
Certificate, and a plant of the curious Pleurothallis Roezlii was also shown,
and its remarkable dark purple flowers received much attention.

W. Thompson, Esq., of Stone, also obtained a Gold Medal for a choice
group, in which good varieties of Odontoglossums were most conspicuous,
and, as usual from this collection, wonderfully well cultivated. F irst-class
Certificates were awarded to Odontoglossum X Coradinei, luteo-purpureum
radiatum, Hallii, and x Wilckeanum. We also noticed five plants of O.
luteo-purpureum crispatum, triumphans_ grandiflorum, X cuspidatum,
several good forms of crispum, and Miltonia Roezlii alba.

Mr. James Cypher, ‘of Cheltenham, also staged a wonderful group of
exceptionally well grown plants, arranged with his usual skill, and was
awarded a Gold Medal. The most noticeable plant was Dendrobium X
Clio (D. X splendidissum grandiflorum x Wardianum). This is a pretty
and distinct hybrid, with Wardianum lip and petals, and sepals suffused with
pink after the way of the seed-bearing parent. When strongly grown, this
should be very fine. Awards of Merit were given to D. Wardianum,
candidulum, nobile Perfection, and Cattleya Mendelii Perfection.

S. Hinchcliffe, Esq., Altrincham, was awarded a Silver Medal for 4
good miscellaneous collection, amongst which we noticed avery well grown
plant of Dendrobium Wardianum, several well cultivated specimens of :

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 103

nobile, D. n. Cooksonianum, Cymbidium Lowianum, C. eburneum, and
some good Odontoglossum crispum.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Bradford, obtained a Silver Medal for a
good miscellaneous group, amongst which various forms of Phaius xX
Norman were the principal feature, and to which a First-class Certificate
was awarded. We also noticed a fine plant of Odontoglossum X
Wilckeanum (First-class Certificate), Dendrobium X Venus, and Lycaste
Skineri alba.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, was also awarded a Silver Medal for a
very extensive exhibit, in which there were noticeable many well grown

“Dendrobiums. D. x Ainsworthii intertextum and D. x Rubens grandi-

florum were awarded First-class Certificates. D. nobile splendens, D. n.
Pitcherianum, and Cypripedium insigne, a large form with bold, dark spots
in the dorsal sepal, obtained Awards of Merit, and a very large and well-
flowered specimen of Dendrobium nobile, very light in colour, received a
Cultural Certificate.

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden, staged a small collection, and received
First-class Certificates for Odontoglossum meleagris, Dendrobium Sybil,
D. X Rolfe roseum, and Cattleya Triane delicata. A Cultural
Certificate was awarded to Dendrobium nobile nobilius.

S. Gratrix, Esq., of Whalley Range, showed, amongst other things,
Cattleya Trianze Gratrixie, Cypripedium Rothschildianum and Lycaste
Skineri alba.

Fred. Hardy, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey, staged a small group of
interesting Dendrobium hybrids.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

ORCHIDS are now making a brilliant display, particularly Dendrobiums,
Odontoglossums, and Cattleya Trianz, of which we have received numerous
fine examples.

: A beautiful series of flowers comes from the collection of Joseph Broome,
Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno (gr. Mr. Axtell). Mr. Broome remarks that
end oe largely from imported plants, flowerirg for the first time, and that
* forms one of his chief pleasures in Orchid growing to watch these plants
gradually establish themselves, produce their growths, and ultimately
develop their flowers. He also alludes to the sudden change of tempera-
= ' Peaches and nectarines were in bloom outside, and bees at work
; 2s 1 them, and a few days later came a covering of snow and several
degrees of frost. Fortunately the temperatures inside can be kept under
a T control. The flowers sent include five handsome forms of Cattleya
te differing much in colour; also a beautiful C. Schreedere alba,

104 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

whose pure white ground is relieved by the deep orange-yellow throat;
and a form of bicolor, with a most brilliant amethyst-coloured lip, which
forms a striking contrast with the olive-green sepals and petals. There are
also two massive flowers of Lycaste Skinneri, one blush-pink, the other
darker, and both having the lip much marbled with crimson ; and a
thirteen-flowered spike of the remarkable Stauropsis gigantea, whose flowers
might have been modelled in wax. They are Vanda-like, very fleshy, and
blotched with reddish brown on a pale yellow ground. Odontoglossums
include crispum, luteopurpureum hystrix, and Hallii, all splendidly
developed. The Dendrobiums are very beautiful, and comprise the
massive D. X Ainsworthii splendidissimum, D. nobile nobilius and D.n-
elegans, both very handsome; a three-flowered raceme of the charming D.
crassinode Barberianum, and the remarkable D. Brymerianum. All the
flowers are splendidly developed, and show that they appreciate the
liberal treatment which they certainly receive.

Several beautiful Odontoglossums from the collection of De Barri
Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke) show their value
at this season. They include several forms of O. triumphans, one dark
form having very short, broad sepals and petals; a second, rather similar
in shape, but the markings more spot-like and much paler in colour.
There is also a very light form of the normal type, with long sepals; a
second, with much fewer spots, which thus appears more yellow, and three
dark forms. They illustrate very well the amount of variation in the
species. The others sent are the handsomely spotted form of O. X
Andersonianum, known as Ruckerianum Crawshayanum, the pretty little
O. X Andersonianum pulvereum, with yellow ground, and very numerous
brown spots, and a well-marked form of O. x excellens.

A beautiful series of Dendrobiums comes from the establishment of Mr.
John Robson, of Altrincham. They include the charming little D. nobile
murrhiniacum, D. n. Pitcherianum, very similar, but with white instead of
pale blush ground; the splendid D. n. nobilius, D. n. pulcherrimum,
D. X Thalia (nobile x Ainsworthii), D. x Apollo (x Ainsworthii
splendidissimum X_nobile pulcherrimum) and the richly coloured D. X
Rubens.

Two good light forms of D. nobile are sent from the collection of D. M.
Grimsdale, Esq., Kent Lodge, Uxbridge, together with a larger form
beautifully tipped with rose-purple at the apex of each segment. The
pretty little Odontoglossum gloriosum is also sent. Though much less
showy than most others from the same region, it is very distinct and forms
a pleasing contrast with them.

A large light form of Cattleya Trianz is-sent from the collection of E-
F.AClark, Esq., of Teignmouth, together with a much smaller form. T

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 105

latter is one of three from a large pseudobulb, but two years ago when the
growth produced a single flower it was much larger, and last year
the raceme bore four flowers, but larger and better coloured than at
present, while two years ago the plant bore a single larger flower. This
falling off seems to indicate weakness and the necessity of some change in
the treatment. A small but remarkable variety of Paphiopedilum insigne
is also sent; which was obtained from the Woodall collection as var.
purpureo-album. The petals are closely spotted almost to the extreme
apex, and the dorsal sepal is very heavily blotched almost to the apex, the
blotches being confluent in the lower half. A second more normal form is
also sent, together with a good Ccelogyne cristata and Epidendrum xX
O’Brienianum.

Other beautiful Dendrobiums from the collection of G. Shorland Ball,
Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow, include the beautfful D. nobile Amesiz, the
pretty little D. crassinode albiflorum, a three-flowered inflorescence of the
beautiful D. Wardianum ochroleucum, D. Findlayanum, D. X Schneideri-
anum, a beautiful hybrid between the last-named species and D. aureum,
D. X Juno, D. x Ainsworthii roseum, and the large and richly-coloured
D. X Rubens grandiflorum. All of them are very well grown and form a
very charming little group.

SPONTANEOUS HYBRIDS OF HARDY ORCHIDS.

In a series of articles in the Gardeners’ Chronicle entitled ‘‘ Spontaneous
Hybrids of Hardy Plants,” by Mr. C. Wolley Dod, the following note
occurs :—‘‘ Orchis foliosa makes hybrids with O. maculata. I have for
many years grown O. foliosa as a hardy plant. Some years ago I noticed
spotted leaves among them, but now that I have picked out many of these
hybrids, I find plain leaves are as common in them as spotted. The
flower-spike is longer, the flowers smaller, and the general character and
habit partake of both parents. They make excellent border plants. O.
maculata comes up spontaneously in such spots of the garden as it fancies,
the seed being plentifully present in the soil. A favourite spot for it to
come is the centre of a mass of German Iris. I may mention, asa sign of
the prevalence of O. maculata in the native soil, that near the garden is a
field which had been for many years ploughed land, but became full of this
flower two years after it was laid down for pasture. In that case the roots
may have been dormant in the soil, but I am sure that those in my garden
came from seed” (J.c., 1899, XXV., p- 179). This is very interesting, and
we believe that this particular hybrid has not previously been recorded, for
the two do not grow together in a wild state. Nor do we remember a
_ Previous record of a garden hybrid among hardy Orchids, though wild ones
_ 4f€ comparatively common in South Europe.

106 THE MRCHID REVIEW.

NOMENCLATURE OF HYBRIDS.

A CORRESPONDENT again calls attention to the rapidly-growing confusion
in the nomenclature of hybrids, and urges the necessity of a better under-
standing as to the principles to be followed in naming these plants, and a
better system of recording the hybrids already in existence, so as to prevent
so many duplications of names.

With regard to the former point, it has been very well observed that we
have two or three different and more or less conflicting systems in use at
the same time, and a further discussion of the principles involved may help
to clear the way for some improvement. In the first place it seems to be
generally agreed that in some way hybrids should be distinguished from
natural species, and in order to affect this three different methods have been
adopted. :

(1) To give names to hybrids compounded from those of their two
parents, as Dendrobium Wardiano-aureum.

(2) To name them uniformly as florist’s flowers, as Cattleya William
Murray.

(3) To use a Latinised specific name with the addition of the sign of
hybridity, “ x,” as Phalznopsis x intermedia. ee

The first method has the advantage of indicating the parentage, and is
in accordance with a botanical rule, but there are several objections
which suffice to prevent its general adoption. The parentage is not always
known, in which case the alternative botanical rule is in accordance with
the system No. 3, just mentioned. The plant when described may not be
known to be a hybrid, as Lelia Schilleriana. The compounded name may
be too long for practical use, as Cypripedium Fairrieano-Lawrenceanum.
Or, what is the most fatal objection of all, it must inevitably break down
when applied to compound hybrids derived from several species.

The second method is inapplicable to natural hybrids whose origin 1s
unsuspected at the time of their appearance, and which are consequently
described as species, ‘And, as now applied, it does not lend itself to the
principle now almost universally adopted of considering all hybrids between
the same two species as forms of one, nor yet with the rules of binomial
nomenclature. (See remarks of Argus at p. 6 of our fourth volume). It is,

The third method combines most of the advantages of the other two,
It indicates clearly that the plant is not 4
species, without vitiating the principle of binomial nomenclature, and is
applicable both to wild and artificial hybrids, whether the parentage }§

THE ORCHID &EVIEW. 107

known or not. It has therefore the necessary element of stability, and we
believe is the system best suited for the nomenclature of all primary
hybrids, whether of wild or artificial origin, and which, therefore, ought to
be adopted.

It will, of course, be asked why primary and secondary hybrids should
be treated differently? and we think that it is not difficult to give a satis-
factory answer. In the first place secondary hybrids are so notoriously
polymorphic that it is almost impossible to apply uniformly the system of
regarding all those derived from the same parentage as forms of one, and
naming them accordingly, and as these plants are chiefly interesting
as florist’s flowers, we think they should be judged from a. florist’s
standpoint, and named accordingly. Why then should primary hybrids be
treated differently ? From a florist’s standpoint there are numerous
primary hybrids which are so inferior to others that, except for the interest
they may possess to their raisers, they are neither worth naming nor
keeping ; yet all crosses between distinct species are of such biological
interest that they should be recorded. For purely scientific purposes the
joint names of the two parents would suffice, but this is impracticable in
many cases, as we have already seen, and as the alternative rule provided
to meet these cases can be universally applied, we propose that it should
be adopted for garden purposes also. It answers the florist’s purpose
quite as well as the other, and nothing is gained by adopting a different
system.

It might easily be argued that the same method is as suitable for the
nomenclature of secondary hybrids as for primary ones, and: that if the
“x” were invariably used, it would prevent all confusion with natural
species. In this we fully concur, and if it were necessary to treat all alike
we should prefer the present one, for we believe nothing is more responsible
for the growing confusion than the use of the vernacular. Its very intro-
duction seems fatal to an orderly arrangement. It was quite easy to call
all the hybrids between Cypripedium insigne and Spicerianum varieties of
x Leeanum, but those between barbatum and bellatulum were all treated
as if totally distinct—which it is notorious that they are not—-simply
because of the introduction of a system unsuited to the purpose. C.
x Leeanum superbum and C. x L. giganteum were all right, but “©. X
Charles Richman Francois Peeters,” and “C. xX C. R. Marchioness of
Salisbury” were of course, too incongruous for adoption. Had the second
- Specific name been latinised- into Richmanii, in conformity with the
R-H.S, rules, the additional varietal names would have been tolerable.
: Some of the compromises between the two systems, however, as Cattleya
o William Murray fulgens and Phalaenopsis: Baron Schréder- superba, are

- barbarous combinations, and violate every known rule, and the mischief

108 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

again lies in the use of the vernacular, and might have been avoided by
latinising the specific names, and writing C. X Murrayi fulgens and P.
X Schroederi splendens. BL

The specific name should consist of a single word, though in a few cases
two are admissible if connected with a hyphen, but no one would propose
the addition of a hyphen in the cases just mentioned. It is, of course, not

. Necessary that specific names should always be latinised, for there are
numerous classical and mythological names which are well suited to the
purpose, and many of them have been very happily employed, as Niobe,
Cassandra, Hebe, &c. And they are as suitable for secondary hybrids as
for primary ones, for some of the former differ so little from each other that
the addition of a varietal name is much better than one which fails to
indicate their relation to each other.

A word or two more may be said about the practice of compounding a
name for a hybrid from that of its parents, which some are in favour of. A
name like Cypripedium x ceno-superbiens may seem_ simple and
euphonious, but it is too much abbreviated to explain whether C. X
cenanthum or C. x CEnone were one of the parents. It would also have
been impossible if the system had been in vogue from the commencement,
because cenanthum is a compound hybrid made up of barbatum, villosam,
and insigne, to which superbiens is now added, and an attempt to
incorporate this history in a specific name is impracticable.

The rule of giving to hybrids the joint names of their parents would
entail wholesale changes in nomenclature, and largely invalidate the law
of priority, for which latter reason the names Odontoglossum glorioso-
crispum, Lelio-cattleya purpurato-intermedia, and others—though given
in- accordance with a botanical rule—have been objected to. The com-
pound names themselves would sometimes require alteration, because the
parentage is not always correctly interpreted at the first attempt, as ~
the case of Odontoglossum x excellens and O. x Cookeanum, which 1s
another argument in favour of the system of using a specific name. And
in the case of a hybrid originally described as a species, all that 1s
necessary is the addition of the sign of hybridity, as in the case of
Oncidium Xx hematochilum. It would occasionally act in the reverse
way, for Cattleya velutina was at first described as a natural hybrid.
Fortunately, however, the joint names of the supposed parents were not
given, so that instead of having to give a new specific name, all that was
necessary was the removal of the “x.” It might be argued that the use of
a compound name renders the use of the “ x ” unnecessary, but such 1s
not the case, for there are compound specific names connected by *

hyphen which, in point of form, are identical with compound hybrid
names, .

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 109

We have gone into the matter at some length, in the hope of bringing
out the different points involved in this difficult question, and the
conclusion we arrive at is that primary hybrids, at all events, should not
be named in the vernacular, and that the system of compound names is
too cumbrous and difficult of application. The intermediate course of
giving a latinised or classical name, limited to a single word and prefixed
by the sign of hybridity, on the contrary, is short and simple, possesses
the necessary element of stability, permits the addition of a varietal name
whenever such an addition becomes necessary, and, we think, should be
uniformly adopted.

FEEDING ORCHIDS.

I HAVE been expecting that some of your numerous readers would give
their experience of Orchid feeding, as recommended by Dr. Smee (O. R.,
vol. v, p. 270). Early last summer I invested in a set of Apothecary’s
scales and weights, costing 3s. 6d., and also in 3s. worth of the nitrates
and phosphates, making up four or five dozen five-grain powders, and using
one for a one-gallon can. This was given weekly to those plants that
showed good root action ; also placing throughout the stages a few lumps
of dry carbonate of Ammonia. This spring all my plants are remarkably
healthy, and the new bulbs are all very much larger than those of last
season. Plants of Odontoglossum Rossii are particularly strong, and the
colouring of the flowers is clean and distinct. I send you a few spikes from
different pans, which are a fair sample of forty plants. I may say we water
freely, keeping plenty of ventilation from below with the hot water
circulation. We used about zlbs. of Carbonate of Ammonia, and have
some of the powders left for this season. If we had any doubt of the
benefit of the feeding to the Orchid bulbs we could have none as to its
effect on the sphagnum, the moss growing tall and so quickly that we had
to cut it down three times.
W. G. Moore.
(The five spikes sent are certainly very good examples of this beautiful
little Orchid, and we are very glad to learn that Mr. Moore finds the
treatment beneficial. We have no doubt that many Orchids would benefit
by judicious feeding if suitable nutriment were given when the roots are
active, and experiments of this kind, if conducted impartially, afford
valuable information on the subject. We should like to see the system
thoroughly tested on a few selected species, several plants each being
_ Mesen, as nearly as possible of equal strength, and one half fed for two
: sia ive seasons, the other half receiving ordinary treatment. Of course,
om ” , be grown together and treated alike in otherrespects. We should
lke to know the experience of others with this treatment.—Eb.| ,

L1O THE ORCHID REVIEW.

WHAT CONSTITUTES ODONTOGLOSSUM x WILCKEANUM?

Mr. CRAwSHAY is anxious to have an exact diagnosis of the characters of
Odontoglossum X Wilckeanum, which shall serve to distinguish every
hybrid between O. crispum and O. luteopurpureum from its two parents;
and he has initiated a discussion under the above title (Gard. Chron. Feb. 11,
p- 82) which at all events contributes something to the literature of the
question (see my reply, l.c., Feb. 25, p. 123, and Mr. Crawshay’s rejoinder,
March 11, p. 157) though it deals with matters which were anticipated in
the discussion respecting the so-called O. crispum Golden Queen which
took place in these pages two years ago (O. R. v., pp. 73, I13, 143), which
terminated with the remark :—“ It is quite possible that it is a form of the
variable O. X Wilckeanum, in which the shape of O. crispum is nearly
reproduced.’ The recent discussion seems to have been called forth by my
note respecting O. X Wilckeanum flaveolum at p. 10 of the present volume,
but need not be repeated except so far as it contributes anything to our
knowledge of the subject.

First it may be observed that the original name of this hybrid is O. X
Denisoniz, though the fact that nearly all the records are under O. X
Wilckeanum makes it rather difficult to use it in a discussion of this kind.
Its extreme polymorphism has long been known, and was pointed out in
detail by me six years ago (O.R.i., p. 205). It might be thought that the
definition there given was wide enough to include ‘‘ Golden Queen,” and as
a matter of fact when asked at the Drill Hall what it was, I at once replied
“a form of Wilckeanum,” but on being told that it had been unanimously
certified by the Orchid Committee as a crispum, and that the crest and
shape were most like crispum, I remarked that it might be so, for we hardly
knew the limit of variation in O. crispum.

And this is where the chief difficulty lies, for it is quite certain that some
forms which have been referred to O. crispum are really forms of Wilcke-
anum, because they show certain characters which could only have been
derived from luteopurpureum, but there are other less clearly marked forms
whose origin cannot be told with any degree of certainty. Some of them
may be either extreme variations or hybrids. It has been suggested that
some of these forms are secondary hybrids, and in the Bogota district there
is at least the possibility that such may occur. Theoretically we ™°Y say
that Wilckeanum might be crossed back on to both its parents, and also
combined with the species O. gloriosum and Lindleyanum, and with the
hybrids O. X Andersonianum, x mulus, and xX Coradinei, all of which are
found in the Bogota district. :

In order that we may know what such secondary hybrids are like I
would suggest that gtowers of Odontoglossums should attempt some of

\
|

THE ORCHID REVIEW. Tit

these crosses, and sooner or later success would attend their efforts. It is
not at all hopeless to try, for seven distinct artificial hybrids have now
flowered, and some have been raised more than once. Mr. Crawshay asks
me to tell him how to germinate the seeds in greater quantity, but I can
only recommend him to persevere, make plenty of crosses, and sow the
seeds under various conditions. Ina wild state they must cross with the
greatest freedom, and the seeds must germinate freely, or they would not
be so numerous among imported plants. Mr. Crawshay has a few seedlings
already, and I hope they are from crosses which will elucidate the point
under discussion.

If secondary hybrids do occur in the Bogota district, some of them
ought to be derived from three species, and sooner or later it ought to be
possible to recognise them. Hence I have been on the look out for some
time, but without much, if indeed any, success. The great majority, at all
events, seem to be primary hybrids, and their parentage can be easily
recognised. Mr. Crawshay sent me O. X Andersonianum platychilum as a
possible secondary hybrid, but I think that it is quite half gloriosum in
everything but the broad lip, and the latter seems due to the crispum
character coming out more strongly there than elsewhere. A few well-
conducted experiments would probably throw a flood of light on this
question, and our hybridists should take the matter in hand. Some of the
crosses above suggested are probably worth making, quite apart from the
botanical question involved, and would probably yield new and distinct
forms, for it can scarcely be that all of them occur wild, even if some of
them do,

At all events, until the results of such experiments are forthcoming we
must continue to make out the various intermediate forms as best we can,
after comparison with the wild species with which they occur, making due
allowance for polymorphism, and for the preponderating influence which
one parent sometimes seems to obtain over the other. Had Epiphronitis
X Veitchii, for example, appeared as a wild plant, who would have
ascertained its origin by any process of comparison ?

In connection with this question, Mr. I. Ireland, of Handsworth,
Sheffield, has sent me a painting, by Miss Harvey, of a plant which flowered
in the collection of the late Enoch Harvey, Esq., of Riversdale, Liverpool,
in 1883. It appeared among some imported plants of O. crispum purchased
from Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder and Co., of Clapham, and a flower was
submitted for determination to Prof. Reichenbach, who replied that it was

One of the finest O. x Wilckeanums that had yet come under his notice,
and requested the whole spike for his Herbarium, which was accordingly
apes after the painting was made. The plant appears to have been rather

- pom, and the inflorescence carried four flowers, measuring 3% inches across

112 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the petals, and about intermediate between the two parents in shape. The
ground colour is white, the sepals bearing two or three large irregular
red-brown blotches, and the petals about six to nine smaller ones. The
lip is somewhat pandurate, similarly blotched, and the crest shows a
decided approach to that of O. luteopurpureum in shape. It has the
appearance of a careful and accurate representation, which Mr. Ireland,
who sent the flowers to Reichenbach, fully confirms.

A very charming form has just flowered in the collection of
R. Wigfull, Esq., of Sheffield (gr. Mr. Lucas). It most resembles O.
crispum in shape, but has a light yellow ground, with numerous red-brown
blotches, those near the base of the petals being broken up into small
spots. The side teeth of the crest are short, but one on either side of
the central pair is much better developed. The flowers are rather small,
being under three inches broad across the petals—which may arise from
the plant being weak—but the colour and very regular spotting are most
effective.

A flower from the collection of Mrs. Briggs Bury, Bank House,
Accrington, has a white ground, very regularly and heavily blotched with
chestnut-brown. It is quite intermediate in shape, but the lip is rather
narrow, and the crest approximates to the luteopurpureum type. It 1s
a very striking and handsome variety.

A plant exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence at the R. H. S. meeting
on March r4th, under the name of O. crispum maculosum, is a form of
this hybrid, being quite typical in the lip and crest. The colour 1s
white, with large blotches of deep red-brown. A flower has been kindly
sent by Mr. Crawshay.

Two very interesting forms have just flowered in the collection of
W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, both of which have the
short broad segments of the crispum type. The one called var. Yellow
Gem has a light yellow ground, tinged with rose-purple on the sepals, @
single, small, chestnut spot on the petals, a larger one on the dorsal
sepal, and two or three on the lateral sepals. The lateral teeth of the
crest are rather more developed than in O. crispum, and thus there is
good ground for considering it as a hybrid. The one called var. Princess
Victoria has a whiter ground, tinged with light yellow, and many smaller
red-brown spots and blotches on each segment, and this also has the
lateral teeth of the crest rather too prominent for typical crispum, and
thus, I think, must be classed as a form of the present hybrid, which
1s even more polymorphic than has been supposed.

R. A. ROLFE.

ee ee ee ee

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 113

STANHOPEA EBURNEA.
TuE annexed figure represents the fine old Stanhopea eburnea, reproduced
from a photograph kindly sent by Welbore S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne,
Dorking. This species has long been known in cultivation, having been
originally described by Lindley in 1832 (Bot. Reg., XVill., t. 1529) from a
plant imported by Messrs. Loddiges from Rio de Janeiro, which flowered
in the collection of James Bateman, Esq., of Knypersley. Four years
previously, a plant which had been sent to Messrs. Loddiges, from

Fic. 10. STANHOPEA EBURNEA.
Trinidad, by Sir R. Woodford, had been figured as Ceratochilus
Standiflorus (Lodd. Bo!. Cab., -t. 1414), and this subsequently became
Stanhopea grandiflora (Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch., p- 158), being thought

distinct from S. eburnea, but both afterwards appeared among Trinidad
importations, and proved to be forms of the same species (Maund Bot., \v.,
t 176). It has since proved to be widely diffused, having been collected in
British Guiana, Venezuela, and more recently in the Andes of N. Peru, by

114 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

E. Klaboch, and in the Western Andes of Columbia, by Lehmann. Other
figures of the species have appeared—Bot. Mag., t. 3359; Ill. Hort., xiv., t.
531; and Lindenia, vii., t. 336—showing that it was formerly well known in
collections. It may be so still, though the growing popularity of Cool
Orchids has put some of these fine old plants somewhat into the back-
ground. Another reason why Stanhopeas are less grown than they other-
wise would be is that the flowers are rather fugacious. But they are
strikingly handsome while they last, and when well grown are very
floriferous ; in fact, strong plants seem to produce quite a succession of
flowers. They are also of easy culture, and succeed well in the East
Indian house, or in an ordinary stove. They are best grown in shallow
baskets, open at the bottom and sides, so that the flower scapes may easily
find their way through. A mixture of fibrous peat and sphagnum moss
forms a suitable compost.- A liberal supply of water is required during the
growing season, but after the growths are completed they: ‘should be
allowed a good rest, during which time they should be kept. comparatively
dry at the root.. They should be suspended from the roof, and well shaded
during bright weather. - ea

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR APRIL.
By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.
A SLIGHT rise of the thermometer from the figures given Jast month may
now be allowed advantageously. Accept all favourable occasions for
admitting fresh air in all departments, but be somewhat watchful, as the
weather is frequently very changeable this month, necessitating a consider-
able amount of thought and care. ‘For instance, there may be intervals
when, owing to cold searching winds, it would not be good policy to open
the top lights, especially in the warmer houses, or the cold air may rush mm
too freely and do more harm than good. It should be remembered that
Orchids, having passed through the winter, have a tendency to become
more or less debilitated, and will not stand the same volume of air at this
period as in six months time, nor will they stand the same amount of bright
sunshine, therefore I always recommend shading to take place early in the
spring. I hope my words will not be misinterpreted regarding airing, and
a system adopted that would weaken the plants still further by insufficiency
of air amounting to coddling. I know well the great value of fresh air 1
oa he of Orchids, but wish to point out the danger of over-ventilation
during the spring months, which is greater than at any other time of the
year. Much as I appreciate fresh air, I also admire a genial moist growing
atmosphere, and the latter should not suffer at the expense of the former.

In order " secure a growing atmosphere damping down should now take
place morning, noon, and night. ; |

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 115

Much re-potting may take place during this month. It is now time to
pot up Calanthe X Veitchii, and the C. vestita group generally, for having
been well rested since blooming in a light and dry position they will now
be sending forth new growths and roots. A mixture of turfy loam and peat,
mixed with a little charcoal and coarse sand, makes a good substantial com-
post for them. The pot should be about half-filled with drainage, and the
compost pressed in firmly. Into the centre of this a small stick should be
driven, to which one, two or more pseudobulls, according to the size of the
pot, should be securely tied, with their base only just inserted into the com- -
post. They will then soon grow and become self-supporting when their
roots have got well hold. Newly-potted Calanthes will need but a very
small amount of water for some time, and they are best grown in the
warmest house, placed on a shelf or in some other position near the glass,
where a large amount of light is attainable.

It is also a good time to re-pot Ccelogyne cristata and others that are
about to commence growing. This species generally suffers a good deal if
very much pulled about or divided, and therefore, when re-potting is
necessary, it should be done with care. It is surprising what small pots or
pans are requisite for the roots, and what a long time the plant will thrive
in the same without being disturbed ; that is, supposing all leads that may
be disposed to become straggling are kept pegged down within bounds, so
as to form a handsome and compact plant, and the mass of pseudobulbs
not allowed to become hollow for the want of a little new material being
inserted from time to time in any hole or loose place that may appear.
This species really requires the warmth of the Intermediate house while
making its growth. .

In the East Indian department a good many species will now require
attention. The Phalznopsis may be supplied with a little fresh sphagnum
mess, without disturbing the roots, if possible. They are best grown in
baskets or cylinders of teak wood, to which the roots delight to cling. I
Prefer to grow them suspended about 18 inches or 2 feet from the roof,
but of course they also may be grown on the stages, if elevated on some
kind of Stand; the position that suits them best is one naturally inclined
os femain moist and shady, and the stage beneath them should be covered
with sphagnum moss or some other moisture retaining material, which
Should be kept always very wet during the summer, as this will be found
hig beneficial. The plants themselves should be watered as they require
it, ¢., when the moss shows signs of dryness by looking white.

: I also prefer baskets or open teak wood cylinders for the Angracums,
Sees » Vandas and Saccolabiums. The cylinders can be bey spe
ea. = thus better accommodate the long leafless stems which m ra

~ ove eventually form, The air, too, has then access through the

116 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

bars to these leafless stems and the roots which they emit, and this is most
essential to the well-being of these aérial-rooting Orchids. Some of these
plants will, with age, become more or less leggy or leafless towards the
bottom, and this it is difficult to avoid. Some growers cut them down and
lower them in another receptacle, but it is extremely risky business. The
plants so done may look better for a.time, but they ultimately miss the
support of the detached stem and roots, and sicken. I would advise no
portion to be severed unless it is absolutely dead. The above species
Should now have all that is required done to them, the’ old moss carefully
removed with a stick, and fresh supplied, afterwards being supplied pretty
liberally with moisture about the roots.

Continue. to do the necessary repotting among the Cattleyas,
Dendrobiums, Odontoglossums or any other genus as they show signs
of being in the proper condition, that is when the new breaks and the
young roots begin to push. It is well not to let them get too far advanced.
Avoid turning out plants unnecessarily, but when repotting is required do
it promptly and well. Let the plant be firmly secured in position in the
new receptacle so that it cannot be shaken about, and let the compost be
put in firmly and evenly, coming well up to the base of the last-made
pseudobulb, so that the new roots may enter it directly they push out.
The compost should also be trimmed off neatly with a pair of scissors.
Further particulars as to repotting will be found in the Calendar for last
month.

Flower spikes will now be pushing up on many plants, and should be
carefully watched for, and in some cases protected in their young and
tender stages from the Tavages of the various insect pests which are always
on the alert for tasty morsels. For instance, Odontoglossum citrosmum,
having been kept very dry since the pseudobulbs were completed last
autumn, will now be pushing up its spikes trom the centre of the new
growths when about half an inch advanced. The spikes grow out vely
quickly, in one night, and will probably be an inch or so long before they
are noticed. They should immediately be protected by a piece of cotton
wool, which will keep back the wood lice and other pests until the spike
gets further advanced, when they are unable to do much mischief.
Epidendrum vitellinum is also just pushing. This showy old species
'S sometimes apt to give trouble if not grown in the Cool house. I have
tried on various occasions to grow it in intermediate temperature,
but never succeeded. Let it have a position in the coolest house, and it
will do wellenough. In the Cool house the beautiful Odontoglossums and
Oncidiums will also be showing spikes in a more or less advanced stage of
sa Thrip, if Present, is a deadly enemy, and in a very short space of
ime will utterly disfigure the whole of the buds ona spike. A good way

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 117

to prevent these is to dust the young spike, even before it is out of the axil
of the leaf, with tobacco powder, and again after it has grown a bit longer.
No thrip or fly will then attack it, and slugs are chary about doing so.
Oncidium concolor is, I notice, sending up its spikes, and a brighter little
species for its size it is hard to find. It succeeds best when grown in small
pans or baskets, suspended in the Cool house during summer and in the
Intermediate house in winter.

The mention of the genus Oncidium reminds one that a great deal
might be said and written on them. Those who attempt their cultivation
soon find out that it is not all straight sailing, for some few behave ina
way that, to say the least, is very annoying. Oncidiums come from widely
different latitudes and altitudes in tropical America, and necessarily require
diverse treatment to grow them successfully. A well-appointed Intermediate
house seems to answer the requirements of the majority of them very well.
A few others delight in great heat—in fact, revel in the hottest of our stove
houses; whilst a third small group show a decided preference for the
coolest of our Orchid houses.

Oncidium sarcodes is generally cultivated in intermediate temperature,
though some declare that it does better in a stove. In any case, it seems
difficult to maintain it long in a vigorous and healthy condition. I have
found it to succeed best in the warmest end of the Intermediate house,
Suspended in rather a shady place if possible. If nice, strong, newly-
mported plants are purchased, they should be placed in pans or baskets,
Just large enough to enable them to continue to grow in the same for
several years without being disturbed. The crocks used for drainage should
be broken up small, and the plants should be firmly secured in good, sound
fibrous peat, also pressed down firmly and evenly. If any sphagnum moss
be used, it should be but a small quantity, and that only about the surface,
Water at first pretty freely to induce new and rapid root action. When

“se new roots have got well hold ot the peat the plant will be nicely
‘tablished, and will probably go on growing and doing well if due care in
Watering be observed. It is in the watering that so much depends with
these troublesome or difficult kinds. Careless or over-watering often upsets
*ne’s calculations, and instead of the compost remaining in a sound and
‘i Condition, and the roots firm and healthy, as they ought to, the
ss re becomes sour, and the latter, of course, perish. The plant then has
., ‘Potted, an operation which, owing to its then greatly reduced
Mitality, it rarely survives for long. When the roots have got well hold of
~ Peat in which they are growing, an exceedingly small amount of water is
a. for once they are fairly established in this solid mass of peat, it is
i bs a how they continue to branch out and grow, and to sustain the

os ulbs and leaves above with vigour, and what a small amount of

ae ee Ee a a ae See ie I eS Le bP Te tN ype

118 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

water they require for so doing. They eventually find their way down
among the small broken crocks, and there become a tangled, living mass,
and that is the time that the plant is healthy and doing big things. But
should this same plant be over-watered and become soddened for any
length of time, these roots perish, and consequently the plant. My advice
is to be careful in watering from the first, and the plant will do well enough.
providing it enjoys the usual Orchid house moisture atmospherically, and a
slight over-head bath with tepid water from the syringe on all occasions
when the same is deemed advantageous for the other inmates of the house,
which will of course be when the weather and the season permits. My
reasons for not employing sphagnum moss for these difficult species is
because it decays much more quickly than peat when alone, necessitating
the repotting sooner, and it is this repotting which must be avoided until
the plant has become thoroughly acclimatised and actually outgrown its
receptacle, when it should be done with the greatest care.

Oncidium Lanceanum is another generally troublesome species, although
with some it will grow away most freely and do as well as any plant in the
house. That is, of course, when it happens to find a position that suits
it. For Orchids of this class, much depends upon the position they
occupy. I have known this species refuse absolutely to §fOW
satisfactorily in good places where Orchid-growing has received special
attention. In defiance of constant attention those horrid black spots
would appear on the foliage, and those puny new growths would appear
that will not grow stronger. And I have entered the stove house in another
garden where there has never been an attempt at special cultivation, and
where all the Orchids underwent the same kind of treatment, where the
only well-grown plant among them was this very Oncidium Lanceanum,
standing out in all boldness with its fine, large, broad leathery leaves,
without a mark or blemish of any description, and producing its splendid
flower spikes year atter year as thick as an ordinary lead pencil,
and its healthy roots rambling in all directions. Such behaviour is, to ae
the least, strange, and sometimes a little provoking, but the fact still
remains. I have tried growing this plant, I believe, in all ways and places,
but my greatest successes have been in pots, occcupying a place on the stage
with other stove and warm greenhouse plants. The method of potting and
the same system of watering has been followed as advised for the foregoing
species. ©. carthaginense may be most successfully cultivated in the same
manner. .

Oncidium Jonesianum is another teaser. There is no question that the
teak block or raft system of culture in this instance is the best and the only
correct one. I mention teak because it is the most durable wood when
exposed to the atmospheric conditions of an Orchid house. This species

Ce

ie iy

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 119

should always be procured either newly-imported or semi-established, and
then one has a chance to grow it. Its nature is to grow in a manner, that,
to anyone unacquainted with it, would appear to be upside down, so when
fixing it to the block the leaves should always be pointing downwards. It
is essentially a heat-loving plant, and should therefore never be removed
from the warmest department. It should be supplied with a fair amount of
water during the summer, its growing season, but at all other times, a very
little water indeed should be given, and the plant should always be
suspended in the lightest, the airiest, and the hottest part of the house.
Under such conditions alone can O. Jonesianum be grown successfully.

Oncidium ampliatum is also a hot-growing kind, though not by any
means difficult. It is best accommodated in baskets or pans, suspended,
and should be grown in peat with a little sphagnum moss, paying due
regard to the watering, as before advised, especially during the winter
season,

Oncidium Papilio and O. Kramerianum are two other well-known old
stove species, and should have exactly similar treatment to the last-named,
with the exception that they may be grown equally well when fixed on rafts
or blocks of teak. I may mention that, if at any time when the block
system is adopted for the culture of any Orchid, the wood should become
decayed, or the plant overgrow its sides, necessitating a new block, that the
old one should be soaked in a bucket of water for about half-an-hour before
any attempt is made to take off the plant. The roots will then very readily
release their firm hold, and come away without being much broken about.
The plant should be fixed at once on to the new block, and kept well
moistened for several weeks afterwards, so that the roots may again be
induced to take hold. I lay great stress upon the roots, knowing that it is
absolutely impossible to grow Orchids well unless these are kept alive and
in a healthy state.

Oncidium macranthum, lamelligerum, superbiens, zebrinum, and
Leopoldianum I find always grow best treated as Cool house Orchids, and
exactly the same as the cool Odontoglossums. They love the cool moist
atmosphere, the air, and the shade which that house affords them. Another
well known and greatly admired species is O. tigrinum. This generally,
also, does very well potted up and subjected to the same treatment, though
in this case an improvement is no doubt effected in the long run by giving
it a trifle more warmth during the long winter months. O. cheirophorum
and Q, ornithorhynchum, two neat and pretty species, may also be similarly
Spoken of, as also may O. cucullatum and O.c. Phalenopsis. The pretty
little climbing species, O. Limminghei, must be supplied with a neat raft to
©orrespond, and is best grown in the warmth of the Intermediate house the

ies Whole year round.

120 ; THE ORCHID REVIEW.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID
SOCIETY.

A MEETING of this Society was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester
on March oth, 1899, when the following members of the Committee were
present :—Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair), W. Thompson, T.
Statter, A. Warburton, H. Greenwood, J. Leemann, G. W. Law-Schohield,
P. Weathers, J. Cypher, R. Johnson, W. Stevens, J. Robson, and T. Mills.

The meeting was most successful from every point of view. Ninety-six
plants were submitted to the Committee for separate awards, and one
groups of miscellaneous Orchids were staged. The quality of the exhibits
was very high, as will be seen from the particulars given below, and the
Committee were busily engaged for over two hours in adjudicating upon
the plants brought before them. The awards numbered eighteen First-class
Certificates, twenty-five Awards of Merit, seven Cultural Certificates, and
three Medals. The number of awards seems large, but the exhibits were So
meritorious that it was impossible to pass them by. As it was, many first-
class varieties received no recognition.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), showed
Dendrobium xX Thompsonianum (nobile Cypheri x cheltenhamense) to
which an Award of Merit was given, and a very select group of Odonto-
glossums, including O. xX excellens spectabile, O. X Wilckeanum
concinnum, O. crispum Daphne, O. c. Yellow Gem, and O. luteo-
purpureum radiatum, for which he received a Silver Medal.

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), showed Den-
drobiam Wardianum ochroleucum, which has already received a First-class
Certificate from the Society.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson),
showed two magnificent plants of Ccelogyne cristata alba, which received
both a First-class Certificate and Cultural Certificate, Dendrobium x
splendissium grandiflorum (Cultural Certificate), D. x s. giganteum (Award
of Merit), D. nobile nobilius (Cultural Certificate), D. n. giganteum, a
n. Sanderianum. D.n. Cooksonianum, D. xX Leechianum, D. X Ainsworth,
and Odontoglossum X mulus. This exhibitor also staged a very fine group
of miscellaneous Orchids, including the above and many others, for which
a Silver Medal was awarded. 4
' Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), sais
Dendrobium X Rubens grandiflorum (Award of Merit), D. x Luna (Awa
of Merit), D. Wardianum album (Award of Merit), D. x Harold McLeod:
ianum (Linawianum xX _ Findlayanum), Cypripedium X Lebaudianum
(Award of Merit), C. x Prewettii and Odontoglossum X Andersoniapum
(Cultural Certificate).

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 121

John Leemann, Esq,, Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Dendrobium
Wardianum album, very much in the way of ochroleucum, but the flower
not of quite so good a form, and the colour of the throat orange instead of
lemon (First-class Certificate), D. nobile Ballianum (Cultural. Certificate),
D. n. Sandere (Award of Merit), D. n. grandiflorum, D. n. albiflorum
(Award: of Merit), D. n. Backhouseanum, D. Xx splendidissimum grandi-
florum, D. X crassinodi-Wardianum (Waltoni), Thompson’s variety (First-
class Certificate), Lycaste Skinneri, Cattleya Triana Empress, C.
Luediemanniana (speciossima) Princess of Wales, a very distinct variety,
the whole flower being suffused with light mauve, and the lip streaked with
purple (First-class Certificate), C. x Octave Doin (Mendelii x Dowiana
aurea), a magnificent form with aurea type of lip, the lower part of a
brilliant deep red, throat golden yellow, and petals and sepals suffused with
purple (First-class Certificate), Lzlio-cattleya x callistoglossa, a wonder-
ful flower with spike bearing two flowers with immense broad lips (First-
Class Certificate), Odontoglossum luteopurpureum and Cypripedium xX
Harrisianum superbum. The same exhibitor was awarded a Silver-gilt
Medal for a very fine group of miscellaneous Orchids.

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., New Hall, Hey, Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill),
showed Dendrobium nobile giganteum (Award of Merit), D. n. Fisheri
(Award of Merit), D. x Doris (Leechianum xX moniliforme) a handsome
hybrid (First-class Certificate), D. x euosmum virginale (Award of Merit),
D. x dulce (Award of Merit), Cypripedium x Lathamianum magnificum,
Lycaste Skinneri alba, a very good round form (First-class Certificate), and
Odontoglossum crispum virginale (First-class Certificate).

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), showed Cypri-
pedium insigne, a yellow variety (First-class Certificate), and Dendrobium
nobile giganteum. The same exhibitor also staged a fine group of cut
blooms, for which he was awarded a Vote of Thanks.

E. J. Sidebotham Esq., Bowdon (gr. Mr. Shiner), showed Dendrobium
X Luna (Award of Merit).

H. Greenwood, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Gill) showed Dendrobium X
Juno, a very fine form (First-class Certificate), D. X Owenianum, good
form (First-class Certificate), D. X Thalia, D. x Aspasia (Award of Merit),
and Cypripedium Mastersianum, avery dark form (Award of Merit).

D. B. Rappart, Esq., Liscard (gr. Mr. Nicholson) showed Cypripedium
Rothschildianum and Odontoglossum crispum (Award of Merit).

Mrs. Briggs Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), showed Dendrobium
X Hebe (First-class Certificate), Odontoglossum X Ruckerianum (Award
of Merit), and a second hybrid Odontoglossum, not named. —

_ 0. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed Cypripedium
_Insigne, Harefield Hall variety (First-class Certificate), C. x Kerchovianum

122 . THE ORCHID REVIEW.

(Curtisii X barbatum), a well-coloured form (Award of Merit) and C.
villosum.

R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), showed a wonderful
specimen of Lycaste Skinneri alba, with 33 blooms expanded, for which he
was awarded both a First-class Certificate and a Cultural Certificate.

Edwin Stanley Clark, Esq., Wrexham (gr. Mr. Edwards), showed
Odontoglossum crispum Mrs. Stanley Clark (Award of Merit), O. Rossii
rubescens, and two forms of Cattleya Triane ; also a group for which a
Vote of Thanks was given.

Henry Weetman, Esq., Glossop (gr. Mr. Faulkner), showed Dendrobium
nobile Amesiz (First-class Certificate) and D. Wardianum.

C. J. Crossfield, Esq., Liverpool (gr. Mr. Barkley), showed Odonto-
glossom crispum albens and Cattleya Triane.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, showed Dendrobium X Ains-
worthii intertextum in splendid form (First-class Certificate), D. x A.
amcenum, D. X euosmum leucopterum (Award of Merit), D. X e. roseum,
Cattleya Triane nivalis, Cypripedium x Morganiz langleyensis, and C.
Boxallii superbum.

Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, showed two good forms of
Cattleya Trianz, one of which secured an Award of Merit, Dendrobium X
tortile x lituflorum, Cypripedium x Saundersianum, and a good Cypri-
- pedium x tessellatum (concolor X barbatum Warneri).

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, showed Odontoglossum x Wilkeanum super-
bum (Award of Merit and Cultural Certificate), O. x Andersonianum vir-
ginale, very distinct, the groundwork of the flower being almost white, Cypri-
pedium x Lathamianum, C. x L. Bellona (Spicerianum X_ villosum
aureum), Lycaste Skinneri superbissima, and Dendrobium X splendid-
issimum grandiflorum, Thompson’s variety (First-class Certificate), also a
miscellaneous group, which was awarded a Vote of Thanks.

Messrs. John Cowan and Co., Gateacre, showed Cattleya Trian#
Arkleana, a flower of good form and substance, with dark labellum, but
rather on the small side.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed Cymbidium X Lowio-eburneum
(Award of Merit), Dendrobium x xanthocentrum (Award of Merit), and
Odontoglossum crispum, also a group of Orchids which received a Vote of
Thanks.

Edward Holt, Esq., Prestwich (gr. Mr. Murphy), staged a group of
miscellaneous Orchids, for which he was awarded a Vote of Thanks.

Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, staged an interesting group of miscellaneous
Orchids, amongst which were Lelia (Brassavola) glauca, Cymbidium x

Winnianum, Dendrobium nobile majus, D. n. grandiflorum, and D. 2.
nobilius.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 123

At the meeting held on March 23rd there was again a good display. The
members of the Committee present were: Messrs. Shorland Ball (in the
chair), Law-Schofield, Leemann, Cypher, Johnson, and T. Mills
(hon. secretary).

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), was awarded
First-class Certificates for the following :—Dendrobium Xx Rubens grandi-
florum, D. nobile Amesiz, D. X Schneiderianum, D. x Sybil, D. x Juno,
and Ceelogyne cristata alba; and Awards of Merit for D. x splendissimum
Leeanum, and a heavily-spotted Odontoglossum crispum of good form and
substance.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), was awarded First-
class Certificates for the following :—Dendrobium x splendidissimum
illustre, D. xX s. grandiflorum (Thompson’s var.), D. X Sybil, D. x Juno,
D, X Clio, a cross between D. x splendidissimum and Wardianum,
described on page 156 of our fourth volume, and Cypripedium insigne
Luciani; and Awards of Merit for Dendrobium xX splendidissimum
Leeanumand D. x Rolfeze. The same exhibitor also showed D. x Apollo,
D. nobile Storei, and D. x Venus.

John Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed
Dendrobium nobile Amesiz (First-class Certificate), D. x Apollo, D. x
Ainsworthii intertextum, Cattleya Trianz delicata (Award of Merit), C. X
Louis Chaton, Cypripedium x Germinyanum, C. Dayanum, Odonto-
glossum crispum Mrs. John Leemann (Award of Merit), and O. X
Andersonianum. The same exhibitor obtained a Silver Medal for an
excellent group in which the above and many other good things figured.

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill), showed cut
blooms of the following :—Dendrobium X splendidissimum, X Ethel, xX
Sybil, Wardianum superbum, nobile Tresederianum, X Juno, X Clio, and
a pretty seedling from D. amcenum x Cassiope, with pure white Sepals ans
petals, and very much in the style of Cassiope, but much larger, wider in the
segments, and of mre substance.

D. B. Rappart, Esq., Liscard (gr. Mr. Nicholson), showed a very fine
variety of Dendrobium Venus, which was awarded a First-class Certificate.

H. Greenwood, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Gill), showed cut blooms of
Dendrobium x Wiganie and D. X melanodiscus.

Eric Shaw, Esq., Stockport (gr. Mr. Cliffe), showed a good form of
Odontoglossum crispum. : :

Messrs. Linden, Brussels, showed Odontoglossum intermedium
Queen Victoria (the parentage given being crispum xX O. unknown). This
Was a very interesting and beautiful flower, with sepals and petals suffused
with light canary yellow and a few large spots of dark brown; lip =
large and flat, nearly white, and with a few small spots of dark brown. The

124 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

plant was very small, and had only two blooms. When strongly grown, it
should be an exceedingly fine thing (Award of Merit). The same exhibitor
also showed a very,fine O. x Wilckeanum tigrinum with the ground-work
of the sepals and petals nearly white (First-class Certificate), a very fine O.
X Ruckerianum tigrinum (First-class Certificate), a good form of O. luteo-
purpureum splendens (Award of Merit), O. x Wilckeanum Golden Queen
(Award of Merit), O. x Andersonianum picturatum (Award of Merit), O. x
cirrho-Hallii (Award of Merit), O. sceptrum superbum, Mesospinidium
vulcanicum grandiflorum, and cut blooms of Lzlio-cattleya xX Gottoiana.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, showed a good form of Dendrobium nobile.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

There was a very good display of Orchids at the Drill Hall on February
28th, notwithstanding the presence of both frost and fog. The members of
the Orchid Committee present were :—H. J. Veitch, Esq. (in the chair), J.
O’Brien (hon. sec.), H. Ballantine, H. J. Chapman, N. C. Cookson, De B.
Crawshay, J. Douglas, T. B. Haywood, E. Hill, H. Little, Major Mason,
A. Outram, H. T. Pitt, W. Thompson, F. J. Thorne and H. Williams.

M. Jules Hye-Leysen, Coupure, Ghent (gr. Mr. Coen), sent a three-
flowered inflorescence of Odontoglossum crispum Franz Masereel, to which
a Silver Banksian Medal was awarded, also Cypripedium x Surprise, 4
handsome yellow hybrid.

Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Staines (gr. Mr. Ballantine), showed
Odontoglossum x Wilckeanum dellense, a handsome yellow form with
very few spots (Award of Merit), O. x Cookeanum, a natural hybrid
between O. gloriosum and O. triumphans (Award of Merit), and an
unspotted form of O. x excellens.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), staged a
small group of choice Odontoglossums, to which a Silver Banksian Medal
was awarded. It included the fine O. X Coradinei expansum, a large form
spotted with brown on a cream-white ground (Award of Merit), O. X
excellens spectabile, with two fine spikes (Cultural Commendation), O. X
Wilckeanum concinnum, and two handsome spotted forms of O. crispum.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke),
exhibited Odontoglossum x

Andersonianum Bogaerdianum, O- *
Ruckerianum Crawshayanum, an

da good form of O. Rossii.
4: ¥- Bennett-Poe, Esq., Holmewood, Cheshunt (gr. Mr. Downes),

showed some good plants of Cypripedium villosum, C. X Lathamianum,
and others.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. EES

E. Stanley Clark, Esq., Oak Alyn, Wrexham (gr. Mr. Edwards), sent
Odontoglossum Rossii rubescens, O. crispum Mrs. Stanley Clark, a
handsomely-blotched form, and a hybrid Cypripedium (callosum x
Boxallii atratum).

W. Gould, Esq., Hyfield, near Stockport, sent Lelia glauca.

D. M. Grimsdale, Esq., Uxbridge, sent good forms of Odontoglossum
sceptrum, triumphans, and maculatum, also Cypripedium villosum aureum
and C. Mastersianum.

Major Joicey, Sunningdale Park (gr. Mr. Thorne), sent Dendrobium
atroviolaceum, Lycaste plana, and the rare L. linguella.

F. Knight, Esq., Thundersley, Essex (gr. Mr. Marston), staged a small
group, including some good forms of Cattleya Trianz, Lelia glauca, L.
superbiens, and Odontoglossum Rossii majus. A Bronze Banksian Medal
was awarded.

Sir W. Marriott, Down House. Blandford (gr. Mr. Denny), showed the
pretty little Sophrolzlia x Marriottiana.

J. Rutherford, Esq., M.P., Beardwood, Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton),
showed a good form of Cattleya Trianz. :

H. Shaw, Esq., Birch Vale, Stockport (gr. Mr. Cliffe), sent Odonto-
glossum luteopurpureum.

G. Thompson, Esq., Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed a good
form of Dendrobium nobile.

M. Charles Maron, Brunoy, France, sent Cypripedium concolor
tonkinense, a very fine form, and two splendid Lzlio-cattleyas, each of
which gained a First-class Certificate. They were L.-c. X Ernesti
Princess Olga (C. Percivaliana @ X L. flava ¢), with bright chrome
yellow sepals and petals, and the lip marked with deep red brown, and an
orange base, and L.-c. x callistoglossa var. J. Leemann, a noble form. :

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, sent the pretty hybrids
Phalenopsis x Mrs. J. H. Veitch, P. x Ariadne, P. x Cassandra, and P.
* Hebe. ‘

Messrs, Hugh Low and Co., Enfield, staged a good group, to which :
Silver Banksian Medal was given. It included some good Cattleya Triane,
€. Dowiana, Lelia cinnabarina, L. harpophylla, Odontoglossum fe
Andersonianum, O. crispum, Cypripedium x Marshallianum, C. insigne
Sander, Dendrobium nobile Tollianum, and others.

Messrs. F. Sander .and Co., St. Albans, sent the remarkable little
Dendrobium Harveyanum. :

The meeting on March 14th was held in semi-darkness, owing to the
Presence of a heavy London fog, which presumably did not extend far into
the country, for the exhibits were unusually numerous and of excellent
quality. The members of the Orchid Committee present Were?

126 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

H. J. Veitch, Esq. (in the chair), and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.),
H. Ballantine, T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, J. Colman, S. Courtauld,
De B. Crawshay, J. G. Fowler, E. Hill, J. Jaques, H. Little, A. Outram,
H. [. Pitt, W. H. Protheroe, F. Sander, W. H. White, C. Winn,
W. H. Young.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
White), staged a fine group of choice things, to which a silver-gilt Flora
Medal was given. It included some fine Cattleya Trianz, Brassocattleya
x Lindleyana with twenty-nine flowers, some good Odontoglossum
crispum, Cymbidium eburneum, a fine lot of Calanthe Sanderiana, a fine
example of Dendrobium x burfordiense, D. x Juno, Masdevallia
Harryana, Epidendrum Endresii, C. x elegantulum, Vanda xX Moorei,
Spathoglottis Lobbii with several spikes, Bulbophyllum barbigerum, Chysis
x Chelsoni, Galeandra Devoniana, Spiranthes colorata, &c. Awards of
Merit were given to Masdevallia ignea Boddaertiana and Dendrobium X
Wiganiz xanthochilum; Botanical Certificates to Odontoglossum
mirandum and Ccelogyne pulchella; and a Cultural Commendation to
a profusely-flowered C. conferta.

Baron Sir H. Schroder, The Dell, Staines (gr. Mr. Ballantine), received
a Silver Flora Medal for a small group of choice Odontoglossums,
including O. X Leeanum with a fine panicle of sixty-two flowers, the
peerless O. Pescatorei Veitchianum, fine forms of O. luteopurpureum,
O. X Wilckeanum, and others.

M. Jules Hye-Leysen, Coupure, Ghent (gr. Mr. Coen) sent Odonto-
glossum crispum Sultan, with flowers very heavily marked with red-brown
(First-class Certificate), O. x excellens Hyeanum, a pale richly spot-
ted variety (Award of Merit), a good dark O. triumphans, Cypripedium
x Talisman (Sallieri Hyeanum x Harrisianum superbum), a fine dark
hybrid (Award of Merit), and other good things.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), sent
Odontoglossum crispum Duke of Yo:k, a beautiful closely and regularly-
spotted form to which a First-class Certificate was given.

J. Leemann, Esq., West Bank House, Heaton Mersey (gr- Mr. Edge),
sent Odontoglossum crispum M. J. Leemann, a fine white, evenly-spotted
with red-brown (Award of Merit), and Zygopetalum X Perrenoudi.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Ccoke),
- exhibited two good forms of Odontoglossum Rossii and O. X excellens.

W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle, Hull (gr. Mr. Barker), sent
Dendrobium xX hessleense, a pretty hybrid derived from D. Findlayanum
x splendidissimum grandiflorum.

J. F. Ebner, Esq,, Beckenham (gr. Mr. Waite), sent some well-
bloomed Cypripedium villosum,

THE ORCHID KXEVIEW. 127

Welbore S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne, Dorking (gr. Mr. Barrell), sent
good forms of Odontoglossum Pescatorei and O. x Andersonianum.

J. T. Gabriel, Esq., Streatham Hill, sent a very fine form of
Dendrobium Wardianum.

J. Stevens Esq., Pope’s Grove, Twickenham, showed the pretty little
Odontoglossum Xx Murrellianum Stevensii.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, sent a very fine group,
to which a Silver-gilt Flora Medal was given. It contained about forty-
five plants of the beautiful Phaius x Norman, a good series of Lycaste
Skinneri, Odontoglossum crispum, O. Edwardii, Cattleya Trianz, some
finely-flowered Dendrobium infundibulum, the charming D. x_ Doris,
D. X Sibyl, Cypripedium x Youngianum, C. x Doncasterianum, &c.

M. Charles Maron, Brunoy, France, sent Lelio-cattleya x Ernesti,
and L.-c. x Imperatrice de Russie (C. Mendelii ? x L. Digbyana ¢), a
large and beautiful flower, white, tinged with pink, and the lip beautifully
fringed (First-class Certificate).

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, staged a very fine group, to
which .a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained a fine form of
Phalznopsis Aphrodite raised from uncrossed seed sown in 1882, P. rosea
leucaspis, Cattleya Xx intertexta, Epiphronitis xX Veitchii, some good
Lelio-cattleya x Nysa, Cymbidium x eburneo-Lowianum, Phaio-calanthe
xX Niobe, Epidendrum Wallisii, E. x elegantulum, E. x O’Brienianum
superbum, Calanthe x gigas, Dendrobium subclausum, D. X Euryalus,
and others. The following three each received an Award of Merit :—
Phalznopsis X Cassandra (rosea 2? X Stuartiana ¢), P. X Hermione
(probably Stuartiana @? Xx Lueddemanniana ¢), and Sophrolelia x leta
Superba (S. grandiflora ¢ x L. Dayana ¢).

Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., Enfield, staged a fine group, to which a
Silver Banksian Medal was given. It included some good Cattleya Triane,
Miltonia Roezlit, Cochlioda Noezliana, Oncidium splendidum, Lycaste
Skinneri alba, Lelia harpophylla, L. cinnabarina, L. glauca, and a good
series of Dendrobiums, Odontoglossums, and Cypripediums.

Messrs. B. S. Williams and Son, Upper Holloway, also received a Silver
Banksian Medal for an effective group, containing Coelogyne cristata alba,
Cattleya Schroeder, Cypripedium eburneum, C. Lowianum, a series of

yeaste Skinneri varieties, Dendrobium Wardianum, D. W. candidum,
and many good Cypripediums and Odontoglossums. ;

Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, sent Phaius X Joiceyanus
(Blumei x amabilis), a prettily-marked hybrid, Odontoglossum x mulus,
afine Dendrobium Wardianum, some good Cattleya Triane, and a pretty
Fose-purple form of Cypripedium x Doncasterianum called Furzeanum.

128 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CATTLEYA MENDELIL PRINCESS CLEMENTINE.—Lindenia, p. 647.

C@LOGYNE CRISTATA.—Wien IIl. Gart. Zeit., Feb., p. 42, fig. 3.

CYPRIPEDIUM X WIERTZIANUM, L. Linp.—Lindenia, t. 644.

DENDROBIUM X VENUS.—Journ. of Hort., March 23, p. 233, fig. 58.

HABENARIA SUSANN#, R. Br.—Lindenia, t., 642.

DENDROBIUM NOBILE ANOMALUM.—Lindenia, t. 645-6, fig. 1.—VAR.
LUTEUM—l.c., fig. 2,—VaR. MAJUS—I.c., fig 3.—VAR. ALBO-LUTEUM—L.c.,
fig. 4.— VAR. SPLENDIDUM—L.c., fig. 5.—VAR. EXCELLENS—1.c., fig. 6.

L&LIA ANCEPS AMESIANA CRAWSHAYANA.—Gard. Mag., March 4, p.
‘1g, with fig.

L&LIA ANCEPS SANDERIANA (specimen plant).—Gard. Chron., March 4,
p- 136, with plate.

L&LIA PR&STANS LuciANni.—Lindenia, t. 643.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X ERNEsTI PRINCESS OLGA.—Gard. Chron., March
II, p. 149, fig. 54; Gard. Mag., March 11, p. 144, with fig. ; Journ. of
Hort., March 30, p. 251, fig. 61.

LissocHILus GR#FEI, Kranzl.—Gartenfl., March, p. 145, t- 1460.

MILTONIA VEXILLARIA MEMORIA LINDENI.—Lindenia, t. 648.

ODONTOGLOssUM X CooKEANUM.—Gard. Chron., March 11, p- 155;
fig. 55.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM DUKE OF YorK.—Gard. Chron., March 25,
P- 179, fig. 61; Gard. Mag., March 25, p. 174, with fig. — VaR. La
MERVEILLE.—Lindenia, t. 641.—VarR. Mrs. Joun LeeMan.—Gard. Chron.,
March 25, p. 187, fig. 72.—Var. SULTAN.—Journ. of Hort., March 23,
Pp. 232, fig. 57.

ODONTOGLOSSUM X WILCKEANUM PALLENS.—Gard. Chron., March 25,
pp. 185, 188, fig. 71.

PHALENopsis X Mrs. J. H. Verrcu.—Journ. of Hort. March 9, P
195, fig. 47.

VANDA TERES.—Gartenwelt, March 5, pp. 272, 273, with fig.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.
(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages; and in
some cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue.)

J. W. M. Stiiatierae Odontoglossum x Coradinei, a natural hybrid between U. crispum
and O. Lindieyanu

J. S. S., seat eg One of the numerous forms of Odontoglossum
Andersonianum,

G. Dendrobium nobile is extremely pe Hava! mi a fact which has been poi
strated by the importations me recent years. But we do not envy anyone the ‘ble
naming all the different form to pass into each other by insenst

for
gradations. A a coshphete list of named varieties was given at pages 147— 15°
our third volu

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Contents.

PAGE
of ee for a vs 147 ‘Paphiopedilum x Ollendorffii
142 | Indian Notes ... +e 139

me ... 160 , Manchester and North of “England
Se Orchid Societ ; ieee
obium Hohale scediins wes ino het DRORERC Bn heey
Di d parent 141 Odontoglossums, quteving ter

ig Ne ... 132 ) Orchid Portrai
ae ... 144 | Orchids at oe Royal ‘Hosicuearal
cs among xcs’: — ... 137 | Society ca ; ork

ts ..» 135 | Orchids in season a wie
* obium X % Berkeleyi OP ... 136 | Orchis latifolia alba... a
drobium x ga nee ca? BGO Paphiopedilum niveum (Fig. 11)
~esith % Burtoni .. ves 135 [Wanda x Charlesworthii

ering Odontoglossums

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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Vou. Vil.) MAY, 1899. [No. 77.

NOTES.
Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James Street, Westminster, during May, on the 2nd and 16th, when
the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.

The great annual Show will be held in the Inner Temple Gardens,
Thames Embankment, from May 31st to June 2nd, and the Orchid
Committee will meet at eleven o'clock on the first day. As on previous
occasions, Silver Cups and Medals will be awarded according to merit.

The next meeting of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on May 11th. The
Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the Annual General Meeting of the

Society will be held at 2.30 p.m.

The great Whitsuntide Show of the Manchester Royal Botanical and
Horticultural Society will be held at the Gardens, Old Trafford, from May
19th to 25th. Various prizes are offered for Orchids and other plants.

A beautiful form of Cattleya Triane is sent from the collection of
J: Wilson Potter, Esq., of Croydon. The sepals and petals are white, but
the lip delicate blush outside the yellow throat, and thus it comes near the
variety delicata, in which the blush tint pervades the whole flower.

Two brilliantly-coloured forms of Masdevallia x Fraseri are sent from
the collection of Captain Hincks, Richmond, Yorks., by Mr. Rushton.
They are both seedlings from M. ignea Eckhardii crossed with forms of M.
coccinea, those known as Lindeni and Harryana miniata respectively.
The result of the former cross is a beautiful magenta purple flower with
the base of the tube light-yellow, and the latter a deep, rich crimson of
equal intensity down to the base of the tube. Another pretty little seed-
ling sent appears to be a form of M. X Stella (M. Estrade ¢ X
coccinea Harryana ¢@).

130 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A fine raceme of the typical Dendrobium fimbriatum is sent from the
collection of G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow, the flower being
deep orange-yellow throughout.

The appearance of a flower of D. nobile Cooksonianum on a plant of
the ordinary form is both curious and instructive. Mr. R. Eichel, of
Shipley, sends the apex of a pseudobulb bearing two twin-flowered racemes,
the upper of which is typical D. nobile, but the other bears both forms, the
uppermost of the two flowers being that of the variety in question. Mr.
Eichel states that the plant was imported last year, and that he has not
met with such a freak before.

A flower of the beautiful Dendrobium Xx Venus is sent from the
collection of F. A. Rehders, Esq., of The Avenue, Gipsy Hill. It is one
of about fifty borne by the plant, and measures 4} inches across its broadest
diameter, so that the specimen must have presented a fine sight. It is
probably the finest primary hybrid in the genus yet raised, containing the
good qualities of its parents, D. nobile and D. Falconeri.

A curious example of fused flowers in the original Dendrobium pul-
chellum, better known under its later name of D. Dalhousieanum, is sent
from the collection of Mrs. Hollond, Wonham, Bampton, N. Devon, by
Mr. Stacey. It has two lips and a broad column and anther-case, the
latter having two hinges instead of one, showing that two anthers are
united by their contiguous margins. There is one additional sepal, situated
underneath the lip, but all the other parts are as in a single normal flower.
With it is sent a fine light pink form of Cattleya Trianz, with slightly
darker lip, and a good flower of Lelia harpophylla.

A photograph of a plant of Odontoglossum Pescatorei showing a rather
unusual character is sent by A. H. Hills, Esq., of San Francisco. It 1s
developing a strong flower-spike from this season’s bulb, and from the top
of last year’s bulb a small spike of two or three flowers. The plant came
from the Corning collection, and seems to be very strong and healthy.

The bridal bouquet carried by Lady Margaret Primrose on the occasion of
her marriage with Lord Crewe on Thursday, April 2oth last, was composed
entirely of Orchids, marguerites and other flowers, grown by Mr. jae
Smith, Lord Rosebery’s head gardener, at Mentmore.—Gardener’s Magazime.

A flower of the beautiful Bifrenaria Harrisonie is sent from the collec-
tion of Mrs. Clarke, of Spring Grove, Isleworth. The sepals and petals er
white, the lip mauve-purple, and very hairy, and the crest orange, forming
a charming contrast,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 131

A flower of a curiously striped form of Cypripedium X Mrs. Canham is
sent from the collection of H. J. Ross, Esq., of Florence. It is analagous
with C. X Dauthieri Rossianum, whose history has already appeared in
these pages (ii., p. 20).

A curious flower of Cattleya Mendelii, having only two sepals, two petals,
and a slender somewhat flattened column with the usual single anther, is
sent from the collection of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno.
It is said to have shown the same deformity for several successive seasons.
It apparently belongs to a batch of plants which has several times been
mentioned in these pages (see p. 199 of our last volume), but we cannot
suggest the cause.

Flowers of the beautiful Dendrobium x Euterpe, to which an Award of
Merit was given by the R. H. S. on March 28th last, are sent from the
collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking. 1t was
derived from D. nobile ¢ x D. Wardianum 3, and thus must rank as a
variety of D. X murrhiniacum, which according to the record was obtained
from the reverse cross. Mr. White states that he sowed the seed in 1893,
and some of the plants have now bulbs nearly four feet in length.

WATERING ODONTOGLOSSUMS IN WINTER.
As you have invited opinions on this subject, I venture to trouble you with
my impressions.

Knowing, as I do, O. crispum in its native habitat, the severe ordeal to
which it is subject during frequent recurring droughts, I have no hesitation
in saying that this plant under cultivation in Europe should be inured
during the dark and gloomy winter months to comparatively dry treatment
—a realisation, to a certain extent, of the conditions to which it is habituated
in a state of nature.

Subsequent to severe drought, the advent of the rainy season starts the
plant into growth with spring-like vigour.

Cultivators have it in their power to imitate to a considerable extent the
conditions under which the plant is found in a wild state. Then, surely,
the time best adapted to resort to dry treatment is during our winter
months.

Subsequently, under the influence of long, bright days combined with
ample humidity, the plant flourishes under the most congenial conditions.
Moreover, in a state of nature, periods of drought have a powerful influence
on the early production of flowers. Thus there can be little doubt that on
similar lines of treatment under cultivation the plant will be incited to early

loom, : ' RoBeERT THOMSON.

132 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DIES ORCHIDIANA.,

AN esteemed correspondent sends me two cuttings from a recently issued
catalogue, and thinks them interesting enough for further comment. The
first is as follows :—

“Cypripedium hirsutissimum x Lowii, a magnificent specimen of this
fine hybrid, in 14-inch pot, with forty growths and eight or nine flower
sheaths, in splendid health and condition. Fifteen guineas.”

Commenting on this, my correspondent remarks that “‘ no such cross, so
far as he is aware, has yet been recorded, and the raiser must indeed have
been hiding his light under a bushel for many years to have let the plant
attain to such a size.” I think we must have more particulars about it.

The second cutting is :—

“Cypripedium Niobe X Fairrieanum, an entirely new and rare hybrid
which has just flowered. The flower is of magnificent form and colour.
Painting may be seen of same; a very fine plant, one grand growth.
Thirty-five guineas.”

This, my correspondent thinks, should be read together with a note at
page 27 of the present volume, to the effect that a plant was exhibited at
Manchester as Cypripedium Fairrieanum, which the Orchid Committee
declined to adjudicate upon, being unanimously of the opinion that it was
incorrectly named. This is a point which I cannot decide, not having seen
the plant in question, but the species is so distinct from all others, and
from all its hybrids, that no one who has once seen it could mistake
anything else for it. As to the hybrid, if it is really what it professes to be,
it is a very remarkable plant; a secondary hybrid composed of three parts
Fairrieanum and one part Spicerianum, and ought to resemble the former
much sought for plant more nearly than anything which has yet appeared.
Has anyone seen the painting? Or, better still, the flower itself? If the
story is correct the raiser is to be congratulated; if not—well, I would
rather not say until the facts are proved.

At page 70, I alluded to some recent cases of plurality of names for
the same thing, and here are a few examples of the names given to
hybrids of Paphiopedilum Chamberlainianum. The hybrid between it and
P. Spicerianum was described and figured as P. x Deedmanianum (0. &.,
vi, p. 49); Cypripedium x scitulum (Chron. Orch., p. 158); and C. X
Spicero-Chamberlainianum (Le Jard., Feb. 5, 1899, p. 39). With P.
villosum it yielded Cypripedium x Mansellii (Charlesw. Cat., Oct. 1898)
C. X villoso-Chamberlainianum (Chron. Orch., p. 159) ; and Paphiopedilum
X Madiotianum (0, R., vii, p. 47). -With P. x Leeanum the records give:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 133

Paphiopedium X Chamber-Leeanum (O. R., vi, p. 168); Cypripedium xX
Leeano-Chamberlainianum (Le Jard., Feb. 5, 1899, p. 39) ; and C. X Maria
(.c., Feb. 20, p. 64). Surely some of this repetition might be avoided.

A letter from Mr. F. J. Le Moyne, of Chicago, on the Cypripedium
question is, unfortunately, too long for insertion in full, but the following
extracts will show the substance of his remarks :—Probably nearly all
growers welcome the division of this group Cypripediee into the four
genera which we have begun to use, but is it advisable to change the
name of three of them by the addition of an “1” in order to make it
agree with the fourth which had the “1” in it from the first? Why not
go along the line of least resistance, and drop the ‘‘1” in the latter case ?
And must we, in future, speak about the Cypripedilee? If so, how about
our text books? And is it intended to correct the spelling of all names
of Orchids that may be philologically wrong ?

I may begin my reply by an expression of satisfaction that we are in
agreement on two points, namely, the convenience of the division of the
group into four genera, and the desirability of the uniformity of spelling, for
some do not admit the former, and rigid adherents of the law of priority
object to the latter, and these will not allow the omission of the ‘‘1’’ from
Paphiopedilum. As for Cypripedileze, Pfitzer has used it from the first, and
as we all call these plants ‘‘ Slipper Orchids ” in popular parlance, I do not
see why there should be anything irrational in using the correct equivalent.
I do not think that there are many names which require amendment in
spelling, but most adherents of the law of priority permit the correction of
an obvious mistake. The text-book objection would apply to all changes
whatever, and need not be noticed further.

Things are certainly in a transition state at present, and my own
impression on the matter is that the quickest way out of the difficulty will
be to adopt the new nomenclature as quickly as possible. It can hardly
remain long where it is now, and if those who are convinced that the new
views are not so much irrational as temporarily inconvenient will set the

example, we may again attain something like uniformity.
ARGUS.

VANDA x CHARLESWORTHII.
ANOTHER very interesting form of Vanda X Charlesworthii has appeared ;
this time in the establishment of Herr Carl Lackner, of Steglitz, near
Berlin. It was imported some years ago with V. coerulea, from Upper
Burma, which it much resembles except in the flowers, which are very

134 _THE ORCHID REVIEW.

difterent. They measure 2} inches in diameter, and the colour is pale
greenish-yellow, with a faint, lilac tessellation all over, becoming more
suffused with lilac at the base of the segments and column. The front lobe
of the lip is pale greenish-yellow with two rounded apical lobes, the side
lobes triangular, the disc with five ridges, and the foot of the column with
‘a dull, maroon-purple blotch, and a broad, deep-yellow, transverse line
between it andthe column. Thus in shape it most resembles V. ccerulea,
except for the apical lobes of the lip, which latter, together with the
colour, show the influence of V. Bensoni.

I strongly suspect that the plant described as V. X amcena by Mr. J.
O’Brien (Gard. Chron., 1897, xxii., p. 226) is a distinct variety of the same
hybrid. It is said to have been “‘ imported by Messrs. Linden, of Brussels,
along with V. Roxburghii and V. coerulea,” and was supposed to be a
natural hybrid between them. There is, however, the insuperable difficulty
that the two species grow in quite different districts, V. Roxburghii being a
common plant of the plains of Bengal, and extending southwards to South
India and Ceylon. V. coerulea was evidently one parent, and we are there-
fore safe in assuming that V. X amcena came home with it. The latter is
figured in Lindenia (t. 591), and, so far as I can see, the resemblance is
rather to the spotted forms of V. Bensoni than to V. Roxburghii. It may
be possible to clear this point up in future.

R. A. ROLFE.

CYPRIPEDILUM ACAULE.

Tuis is a highly curious member of the Slipper family which is not at all
common in cultivation, though flowers are occasionally seen, and one is
sent by Mr. C. C. Hurst, Burbage Nurseries, Hinckley. The front of the
pouch is folded in from the sides, and the two margins meet except for 4
narrow slit about the middle, and they fold’ in such a way that the sides
slope all round and down to the narrow opening. The staminode is very thin
and tightly appressed in front to the lip, which is much constricted at this
point, and entirely closed. The two basal openings are several times larger
than the slit in front. The latter, however, owing to the peculiar conforma-
tion just described opens inwards witha very slight pressure, so that a small
bee alighting on the pouch and making for the opening would readily find
ingress, but could not return, and must leave by way of the basal openings
after first passing the stigma, and then getting besmeared with the sticky
pollen. The second flower visited must inevitably become fertilised, but
self-fertilisation is effectually prevented except in the very unlikely event of
the bee returning a second time to the same flower. It is not am easy
plant to cultivate for long together, but when seen at its best it is a
very distinct and striking plant.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 135

THE HYBRIDIST.

EPIDENDRUM X BuRTONI.
FURTHER examples of this handsome hybrid, whose history was given at
page 73 of our March issue, were exhibited by F. M. Burton, Esq., at the
meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society held on April 18th. Two racemes,
the best, bearing twenty-eight flowers, were much like the original form,
being shades of orange-scarlet. A third, called var. pallens, had the sepals
and petals pale salmon-coloured and a light yellow lip, while a fourth may be
described as deep rose, slightly inclining to purple, and may be called var.
roseum. This was a particularly brilliant form, the raceme bearing thirty
flowers, mostly expanded, of over 14 inches in diameter. Only one of the
plants was shown, which had the advantage of being dwarfer than E. X
O’Brienianum, one of the parents. The amount of variation is what might
have been expected in a secondary hybrid, and there are other plants yet to
flower.
ODONTOGLOSSUM X SPECTABILE.

This is a specific name selected for the beautiful hybrid between O. crispum
and O. Harryanum, which has hitherto been known under the joint names
of its two parents, O. X crispo-Harryanum, under which name it received
a First-class Certificate at the last Temple Show, and was described at
page 170 of our last volume. It is one of three seedlings with which
M. Ch. Vuylsteke carried off the President's prize for new Odontoglossums
at an exhibition of the Royal Horticultural Society of Antwerp, held on
April gth last. A second was var. vivicans, in which the markings were
red-brown rather than violet-brown in shade. It is very beautiful, and
other varieties will probably appear as more seedlings reach the flowering
Stage. A seedling noted at page 259 of our last volume as derived from the
reverse cross, will, of course, rank as a variety of O. X spectabile.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X OLLENDORFFII.

A flower of the hybrid bearing the above name is that sent by Herr G.
Beyer, Orchid grower to Baron Ollendorf, Hamburg-Hamm, Germany.
The parentage is P. X Harrisianum X P. hirsutissimum, and the
being intermediate in shape, but most
like the former parent in colour. The dorsal sepal is ovate, two inches
long, and somewhat twisted, the colour very dark shining brown on the
lower half, passing to green at the apex, and margined with white. The
petals are 3 inches long, and the lip measures 2% inches, both much
resembling the seed parent in colour. The staminode is roundish, with an
oblong, deep olive-green tubercle in the centre. The dorsal sepal is rather
small in proportion to the rest of the flower. It has received a First-class
Certificate from the Hamburg-Altonare-Gartner-Verein.

flower shows very well its origin,

136 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DENDROBIUM X _ BERKELEYI.

At page 317 of Hansen’s Orchid Hybrids is mentioned a Dendrobium
x Cassiope 2 xX Wardianum ¢ ‘under raising’ with Major General E.
S. Berkeley, of Southampton, in 1895. It has now flowered, and a specimen
is sent by Mr. J. Godfrey. In shape and size the flower is most like
D. X Cassiope, but the sepals, upper half of the petals, and apex of the lip,
are suffused with light rosy purple, and a deep yellow band occurs between
the maroon disc and the nearly white margin. Another seedling purchased
by Captain G. W. Law-Schofield has flowered, and is white with rose-
purple tips to each of the segments, and a blotch on the disc instead of
maroon, and without any yellow. A flower is sent through Mr. Godfrey.
Other seedlings are in existence, but only these two are known to have
flowered, and they are at present small and undeveloped. Mr. Godfrey
wishes it to bear the name of his late master.

DENDROBIUM X THOMPSONIANUM.

This is a large and striking hybrid, raised by Mr. Holmes from Dendrobium
nobile Cypheri X D. X cheltenhamense, of which flowers have been sent
by Mr. Stevens, gardener to W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone.
The flower measures over three inches across the expanded petals, the
latter organs being seven-eights of an inch broad. The ground colour is
blush-white, tipped with light rose-purple, which colour shades off some-
what irregularly into the white ground. The expanded lip is 14 inches
broad, and has a small crimson-maroon feathered disc, passing into
crimson lines behind; this is surrounded by a very broad yellow zone with
a white margin and a small rose-purple tip. The pollen parent has
exerted a strong, modifying influence, especially in colour, and the strong
yellow zone and reduced disc, as compared with D. x Ainsworthii, shows
that the influence of D. luteolum coming through the pollen parent has not
been lost.

ORCHIS LATIFOLIA ALBA.
ALBINOS of British Orchids are occasionally seen, and we have met with
white examples of O. mascula, Morio, and maculata. Mr. H. Rider
Haggard, in a series of articles in Longman’s Magazine, describing a year's
work on his farm at Bedingham, Norfolk, records a white form of O.
latifolia :—

“ The finest specimens of purple orchis that I have ever seen grow in
Websdill Wood, on my farm at Bedingham. Spotting the grass in this
oak-shaded pasture, I found many splendid specimens of Orchis latifolia ;
indeed, in half-an-hour I gathered as large a bunch as I could bind round
with my handkerchief. Among them I found one pure white bloom, which

e

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 137

shows that the tendency among Orchids to produce an occasional albino is
not confined to the tropical varieties. __ It is these albino sports that, in the
case of Lelias, Cattleyas, etc., command such great prices among the
wealthier members of the Orchid-loving fraternity. I fear, however, that
they would not give me much for a pure white latifolia.”

The following note respecting the habitat of the species and its attempted
culture are also interesting :—

“I found a patch of the wild purple orchis flourishing quite under the
shadow of the trees, in the fell indeed. As might be expected in that
situation, they were very pale in colour, but being exceedingly conspicuous,
as are most of the Orchid tribe, tropical or European, they caught my
eye at once. This Orchid, like all its relations, is very fastidious as to
its habitat. My observation of it goes to show that, although it flourishes
in certain old meadows, generally with a rather heavy soil, it does best
where it is partially, but not altogether, overshadowed by trees and ona
stiff clay. Some years ago, I dug up several clumps of these plants, and
set them out again in this garden, imitating the conditions in which I
found them as regards soil and situation as nearly as possible. They
have come up every spring and bloomed after a fashion, but I cannot say
that the experiment was successful. I have also tried transplanting the
bee-orchid, of which, although it is very rare in these parts, a few roots
grow, or used to grow, in a certain marshy spot at the foot of the Bath
Hill. Now I wish that I had left them alone, for although I took every
Care, even to removing a large sod of their native soil, and wiring them
round, from that day to this, they have never shown a single leaf.”

FREAKS AMONG ORCHIDS.

FREAKS and malformations are rather common among Orchids, and,
though seldom beautiful, are often interesting from the light they throw
on the modifications which the flowers have undergone. It is interesting
to note that every one of the organs which appear to be missing in normal
flowers have re-appeared in one form or another amorg these freaks.

A most interesting flower of Cattleya Schroeder is sent from the
Collection of R. B. Macbean, Esq., of Lancaster, which appears to have
one small lip within the other, the shape, colour, and texture being quite
similar, but shorter and slightly over an inch broad. On bending down
the normal lip, however, the additional one is seen to proceed from the
face of the column, just below the stigma, and evidently represents the
median stamen of the inner whorl (a 3 of the Darwinian notation). Every
Other part of the flower is unaltered, including the anther and column

138 THE ORCHID REVIEW

wings. Why this normally suppressed organ should in this flower have
developed as a petaloid staminode we cannot say, for another flower sent is
normal in every respect. Had it developed into a perfect anther with
pollen the reversion would have been complete, but in any case the example
is interesting and instructive. From a florist’s standpoint it must be
regarded as a case of partial doubling.

A flower of Paphiopedilum Boxallii is sent by Mr. C. C. Hurst,
Burbage Nurseries, Hinckley, in which the lip is curiously abnormal.
One of the side lobes, though lip-like in texture, has developed as a small
petaloid staminode, only adnate to the median petal at the base. The
other side lobe has developed as usual, but is adnate at its base to the side
of the column, and smaller than usual. The lip is thus partially broken up
into its three component parts.

A flower of Dendrobium Wardianum, from the collection of J. U.
Hodgson, Esq., Higher Bebington Hall, near Birkenhead, has the two
petals apparently suppressed, though in reality confluent with the lateral
sepals, giving the flower a very curious appearance The other two flowers
of the raceme are normal.

DENDROBIUM NOBILE SEEDLINGS.

SoME very interesting seedlings of Dendrobium nobile are sent from the
collection of Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne. One
is D. n. burfordiense, raised from D. n. Cooksonianum @? X D. 2.
burfordiense ¢, which practically reproduces the latter. Mr. Cookson
remarks that none of the seedlings from this batch showed any trace of
Cooksonianum, but whether any reverted to normal forms is not stated.
The other three flowers are from D. n. nobilius ? X D. n. Cooksonianum ¢,
one being identical with the pollen parent, one a well-coloured typical
D. nobile, and the third has the sepals and petals irregularly marbled with
purple on a lighter ground, but is normal in other respects. This
character is constant each time of flowering. All these three, Mr. Cookson
remarks, are out of the same seed-pod, and are out of the lot previously
recorded in this work (vol. iii., p. 168). Both D. n. Cooksonianum and
D. n. burfordiense are technically freaks, and it is interesting to know that
they can be reproduced from seed in this way. What is the precise caWsé
of their peculiar character we do not know, but suppose it to be due to
some re-arrangement of the vascular bundles of the suppressed anthers. It
is noteworthy that the seedlings are not intermediate in character ; they
either reproduce the sportive character or revert to the normal, and as the
markings are similar to those of the normal lip it is safe to infer that they
have a common origin.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 139

INDIAN NOTES: CALCUTTA FLOWER SHOW.

Ir may be interesting to readers of the Orchid Review to hear how the
cultivation of our favourites is carried on out here, and also what could be
seen at the last Calcutta Flower Show, organised by the Agri-Horticultural
Society of India, and held on the 17th and 18th of February.

Although very early in the year, Orchids were fairly well represented,
and it was only regrettable that the Show was not held a month later, so
as to enable the exhibitors to have a finer display. It must be borne in mind
that the Orchids which thrive successfully under our Calcutta climate
are limited in number, and that nearly all flower during the first part of the
year. We are not so well off as many Orchid growers at home would
think, and we cannot so easily obtain Orchids in bloom all the year round.

Only one or two small groups were shown separately, the others were
dispersed amongst foliage plants, etc. Cypripediee were represented by
four distinct species, amongst them being a splendid form of C. callosum,
which attracted many people, two well-flowered specimens of C. concolor
and niveum, as well as a very valuable form of C. Exul.

Several well-known Phalznopsis were to be seen, and we may remark
that they seem to be great favourites with Calcutta amateurs, P.
Schilleriana especially, bearing spikes with twenty flowers and buds,
and leaves measuring from 18 to 20 inches long by nearly four wide, which
would do credit to a European grower. P. amabilis were also good.

Among Cattleyas, which are extremely difficult to cultivate here, we
noticed some of our old friends, C. Triane, C. Percivaliana, and a pretty
good specimen of C. Lueddemanniana. Dendrobes were represented by a
few varieties, among which several good forms of D. nobile, primulinum,
as well as the dwarf D. aggregatum, etc., were noticed.

We also found a poor specimen of Angraecum sesquipedale, bearing a
good-sized flower, and we heard that in the case of well-grown plants,
they do not flower here. Oncidium ampliatum majus was the only
representative of that new world genus, so rich in species. A tew forms of
Hzmaria Dawsoniana were also exhibited.

This, unfortunately, ends our little description, but we ought to mention
that the cultivation of Orchids here only now begins to attract much
attention, and we shall probably be able now to notice every year their
improvement.

In conclusion, if some of the plants exhibited were not what they might
have been, it may be mentioned that the general climatic conditions of
the two preceding months partly account for it, for January was pretty
cold and many were the plants which suffered besides Orchids.

We sincerely congratulate Mr. Lancaster, the Secretary, and Mr.

140 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Gosselier, the Superintendent of the Society’s Gardens, to whom belong
all the credit of this handsome little Show, and we must not omit to say
that His Excellency Lord Curzon was among the distinguished visitors.

We hear that an Orchid Society, under the name of The National
Orchid Society of India, is being organised, at the suggestion of Mr. P. S.
Chatterjee, the well known Calcutta nurseryman. The principal object
of this Society will be to spread the taste for our favourites amongst Indian
amateurs, and we can only hope that Mr. Chatterjee’s attempt will prove
successful.

A. GRIESSEN.

The following particulars, taken from circulars enclosed, may interest
our readers :—

PROSPECTUS OF THE NATIONAL ORCHID SOCIETY, CALCUTTA.
THE object of the Society is to encourage the cultivation of this wonderful
genus of plants, by holding Exhibitions and distributing handsome prizes to
the growers of the best specimens, and thereby make the unacquainted
public of India familiar with and appreciative of the beauties of ‘‘ The
Flower of the Age.”

As at present its cultivation is very limited, it is advisable to hold at first
a General Flower Show, including in it Orchids, but eventually efforts will
be made to bring Orchids into prominence, by the Society holding its
exhibition in different parts of India in connection with some Provincial
Flower Show.

The inaugural exhibition will be held at the Victoria Nursery, from
March 6th to 8th next, with Mr. S. P. Chatterjee’s Annual Orchid Show,
as a tribute to our popular and esteemed Viceroy and Vicereine.

The sympathy and co-operation of all persons interested in horticulture
are earnestly solicited.

Subscription, 10 and 5 rupees per year. Donor of 100 rupees and
upwards will be life members, and will enjoy all the privileges of first-class
members. Foreign members subscription five shillings per year.

First-class members will be entitled to six admission tickets to any of
the Society’s exhibitions. Second-class members will be entitled to three
tickets of admission. F oreign members will be entitled to all the publica-
tions of the Society free. All publications of the Society will be distributed
free to all members.

It is intended to start a Horticultural Library in connection with this
Society (as funds will permit), and members of the Society will be entitled
to the use of the library, and take loan of books and papers according to
the rules and bye-laws to be framed hereafter.

The members of the Society will be called F.N.O.S.

The Society is under the patronage of His Excellency Sir William

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 141

Lockhart, G.C.B., G.C.I.E., Commander-in-Chief of Her Majesty’s Forces
in India; His Honour the Honourable Sir John Woodburn, K.C.I.E.,
C.S.I., Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, and the elite of the Calcutta
society, and the principal Indian chiefs and nobles interested in horticulture.

The following is the schedule of prizes (omitting those for foliage plants,
annuals and roses) :—

One Gold Medal for the best and the largest collection of Orchids in
flower tastefully arranged with ferns, presented by Kumar Satish Chandra
Sinha, Bahadur (Paikpara Raj.).

One Gold Medal for the largest collection of Phalenopsis in flower
tastefully arranged with ferns, presented by Baboo Dooly Chand.

One Silver Medal for the best and the largest collection of Cattleya in
flower tastefully arranged with ferns, presented by Baboo Joy Gobind Law,
C.E. E,

One Silver Medal for the largest and best collection of Phaius in flower
tastefully arranged with ferns, presented by R. Mitter, Esq., Barrister-at-
Law.

Prizes of 10 rupees each are also offered :—For 4 well-grown dissimilar
kinds of Phalznopsis in flower; for 6 Dendrobiums; for 4 rides; for 4
Vandas; for 4 Cypripediums; for 3 Phaiuses; for 4 Cattleyas; for 3
Cymbidiums ; for 3 Dendrobiums; for 3 Oncidiums: for 3 Laelias: for 3
Odontoglossums; for 3 Calanthes; for 4 Saccolabiums; for any best
well-grown single specimen. In the last class a second prize of 5 rupees
is offered.

DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM AS A SEED-PARENT.

THE question of successfully hybridising Dendrobium Wardianum was
raised at page 82 of our March issue, and the following note from Mr.
James Godfrey, Orchid grower to the late Major-General Berkeley, of
Bitterne Park, Southampton, shows that Mr. Carr’s experience is not an
isolated one :—

“TI may say that I have tried Dendrobium Wardianum as a seed-parent
scores of times, but always failed to get a capsule upon it. The only time
I got the flower to set was when the growth was hanging downwards. I
am inclined to think that the cause of failure is that the plant starts a new
growth, which takes a certain amount of sap out of the flowering bulb, and
also the absence of young active roots at that time. I have rubbed the
young growth off, but with the same result. When there is a possibility of
getting the roots active at the time of flowering, then there may be a

chance of success.”
JAMES GODFREY.

142 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CONTINENTAL NOTES.

On calling at the establishment of M. Peeters, 62, Chaussee de Forest,
Brussels, the other day to see the Orchids, the most noticeable plant in
bloom was Eulophiella Peetersiana, with a spike of 6 feet high, and a
compact cluster of 26 flowers, each single flower something like a fine,
broad petalled Cattleya Harrison. It was, if I remember right, very much
lighter in colour than Sir Trevor’s plant exhibited last year, having more of
a purplish rose, and much more compact in the cluster, the flowers touching
each other. It isa grand plant for a large Orchid house, having a most
imposing appearance and seemingly quite easy to grow in the Cattleya
house.

The Odontoglossums were, as usual, doing remarkably well; in one
house I computed there would be quite 2,000 spikes coming on, and also
two other houses full of later spikes, with numerous houses all full of
crispums, but later in growth. The Cattleyas were looking well, but not
much was in bloom at the time of my visit.

ODONTOGLOSSUMS AT LoocHRISTY, GHENT.

The most interesting plants to me were the seedling Odontoglossums
raised here, some few of which were in bloom. Of O. x loochristiense
(triumphans X crispum) one or two were flowering, but I cannot say I care
for it, the flowers being too narrow in the segments, but a beautiful yellow
colour, with a few spots on the sepals and one or two on the petals. The
most remarkable was O. X Rolfez, the Harryanum, and Pescatorei cross,
three or four of which were in bloom, and form a beautiful addition to the
group. The flowers have a creamy white ground, with the purple markings
cut up in a most curious way, each flower spike having a distinct pattern of
its own, but I think one of the best is still the original Rolfe. When
put into commerce, Odontoglossum growers will have a new feature in their
houses.

MEssrs. SANDER’S, BRUGES.

This establishment bids fair to rival the St. Albans Nursery in size and
compactness. Of course the Azaleas, Palms, &c., of which we cannot take
any note, occupy the greater part of the nursery, and the arrangements for
watering and attention are well carried out in every detail to save labour.
One Orchid house was filled with the finest lot of Leelia purpurata I ever
wish to see, strong and robust and full of sheaths. The Odontoglossums
are not large in size, but houses full to overflo wing with healthy, good stuff
that gives evidence of good systematic culture.

the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 143

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

OwInG to the large number of showy hybrids now in_ existence,
Dendrobiums are becoming increasingly useful as spring flowering plants,
and for several weeks they have made a brilliant display. D. x Wiganize
is a very beautiful addition to the list, combining as it does the characters
of D. nobile and the yellow D. signatum. Some excellent flowers of it are
sent from the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, by Mr. White. The
variety xanthochilum, to which an Award of Merit was given by the R.H.S.
on March r4th, is very distinct on account of the amount of yellow on the
lip. D. nobile keeps up the display better than most species, because large
numbers are grown and the plants are brought into heat in succession.
Many beautiful forms have appeared among the recent importations, from
pure white up to deep rose-purple. The extreme forms are, of course,
rare, but those nearer the type also vary considerably among themselves,
and examples are sent from several collections in illustration of this point.
A series of about a dozen flowers from the collection of W. Thomson,
Esq., form a charming little group, and include another example of the
pure white D. n. virginale, which, like those mentioned at page 98, has
flowered out of a recent importation. The pretty little D. x Wiganie
was also enclosed. A flower of D. nobile from the collection of R. I.
Measures, Esq., of Camberwell, is remarkable for the long, rather loose
sepals and petals, and the unusually tubular lip. The bulbs also are
rather long. It came out of one of Mr. J. W. Moore’s importations.
Odontoglossums are now in season, and rank as favourites with most
Orchid growers. O. crispum may be mentioned first, for this species and its
hybrids undoubtedly form the chief centre of interest. The richly-blotched
and suffused crispums are becoming increasingly numerous, and will prob-
ably continue to do so, for all are taken care of, and they vary enormously
among themselves. It is remarkable what a number of hybrids, particu-
larly forms of O. x Andersonianum, keep flowering out of importations
of O. crispum, and some of them are very beautiful. Four different forms
are sent from the collection of B. Brooman White, Esq., of Arddaroch,
one having numerous dark chestnut spots on a cream ground being near
the original type. Another, called Arddarroch var., which has been
previously noted, is more heavily spotted and the ground somewhat suffused
with purple. Two others come nearest the variety Ruckerianum. A clear,
light yellow, unspotted form from the collection of James Davidson, Esq.,
Dumfries, is very striking. There is a faint suffusion of rose in the sepals,
and a few brown streaks on the stalk of the lip. A second form which has
flowered is more suffused and somewhat spotted. Mr. White also sends a
good, well-marked form of O. x Coradinei, O. crispum prettily suffused

144 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

with rose, a good O. gloriosum, a very large and handsome form of O.
triumphans, and O. Rossii majus, prettily suffused with lilac and measuring
3} inches from tip to tip to the petals, the whole forming a very charming
little group.

O. Hallii is flowering finely just now, and half-a-dozen flowers from
different plants are sent from the collection of Joseph Broome, Esq.,
Llandudno. They vary much in size and markings, and one has a white
lip with three irregular blotches round the crest, while the rest have yellow
lips, more heavily marked. A raceme of the rare little O. crinitum is also
sent. It is remarkable for having the whole disc of the lip densely covered
with long, spreading, branched, hair-like filaments, nearly white in colour.

Two fine, round forms of O. x excellens are sent from the collection
of W. Thompson, Esq., Stone, one being darker in colour and more
heavily marked than the other. Both are very beautiful.

FEEDING ORCHIDS.

WitTH reference to the question of feeding Orchids (Orchid Review, vii. 109),
I may say that for several years, commencing before I knew of Dr. Smee’s
views, I have used ammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate (salt-
petre), and have great belief in its value, if care is taken. I finda simple
plan is to prepare a lot of packets each containing three ounces of
potassium nitrate and two ounces of ammonium phosphate. As required,
one of these is dissolved in a three gallon jar of soft water.

In watering any Orchids when making their growth or flowering, one
ounce of the solution is added to each gallon of the water used for
watering. The trouble is almost nil, and there is no risk of using an
excessive quantity, as the gardener has by him always a measure which
exactly holds the required quantity for each can-full. I have no doubt
whatever that potash and phosphoric acid are absolutely necessary for
Orchids, and I think the results prove the value of applying them.

NorMAN C. COOKSON.

[We are pleased to find that this question of feeding Orchids has taken
such a practical form. The quality of Mr. Cookson’s Orchids is wel]
known, and the fact that he finds this practice beneficial is significant:
We should, however, like to see a few selected plants tried with an
without feeding for a couple of seasons, the treatment being identical in
other respects, for it has so frequently been stated that manure in any
shape or form is injurious in the long run, that we should like to see the
matter thoroughly tested, especially upon Orchids which have a tendency
to deteriorate under cultivation,—Ep.]

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

PAPHIOPEDILUM NIVEUM.
THE annexed figure represents a plant of the charming Paphiopedilum
niveum, from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury.
Mr. Wrigley writes that it was purchased from Messrs. Hugh Low and Co.,
from a batch of newly-imported pieces, and had been in the collection f
about two years when it flowered, and the photograph was taken.

or
It pre duced
three twin-flowered racemes, t

1e flowers being about 2 inches ind

—

iameter,

Fig. 11. PAPHIOPEDILUM NIVEUM.
on stalks rod inches high, from the rim of the pot.”
“As my method of culture for

He further remarks :—
this section of the uding
bellatulum, niveum, concolor, Godefroyz, and its variety leucochilum) may
differ from that of most growers, I will attempt to describe it as shortly as

possible.

ay

genus (inc

‘‘ My plants are grown in pots as small as the size of the plant, and the

146 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

quantity of its sound roots will allow, for over-potting is most injurious to
these plants, as it is to most, if not all, Orchids. Broken limestone is used
instead of the ordinary earthenware crocks, and the plant really grows on
this rocky base, for its rhizomes are placed in contact with the stone, and
its roots built into the rockwork, until the pot is completely filled with
stone from the bottom to the rim of the pot. Only a very small quantity
of the most fibrous loam is used to surface the pot and to wedge the plant
and loose stones firmly in their positions. This loam can have no
appreciable influence on the growth of the plant, owing to its being so small
in quantity. The plant lives and grows mostly on atmospheric moisture,
and also on the moisture absorbed by the pot, and the limestone, whenever
the pot is dipped. This dipping is most carefully done, and only when the
condition of the pot shows that the plant requires it, the greatest possible
care being taken not to immerse the axils of the leaves or to allow the
slightest moisture to lodge in any of the growths, young or old, or they will
certainly rot off.

“I possess about one hundred plants of this section, large and small.
They are not newly-purchased, but have all been in my collection for several
years, and have never got into a bad state of health, as is often the case.

“My plants are grown in two houses, with the other heat-loving
Cypripedes—the one a lean-to facing east, and the other a span-roof with
an east and west exposure, and they seem to grow equally well in either
house. The temperatures of both houses are practically identical. The
winter temperature, by pipe heat alone, is kept as nearly 65° Fahr., as a
maximum, by day, and 60° to 62°, as a minimum, at night. In summer
the maximum temperature, from pipe heat, is raised to 70° by day and 65°
at night, bnt during the warm and sunny weather the maximum day
temperature is often 80°, in spite of double blinds and the freest possible
ventilation.

“In conclusion, I may remark that growers of these lovely Cypripedes,
as a rule, destroy their plants by over-watering, careless watering, and by
want of attention to the atmosphere in which their plants live. Moisture
is certainly necessary for the growth of all Orchids, but more Orchids are
destroyed from an over-supply than from the want of it.”

The photograph certainly shows the plant to be in robust health, and
when thus grown it is one of the most beautiful species in the genus. A
few of the lower leaves have been omitted from the reproduction, and it
may also be added that the photograph has been rather over-exposed, in
order to bring out better the details of the flower.

:
ol
a

;

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 147

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MAY.
_By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

THE following are temperatures most suitable for the present month and
throughout the summer :—

CooL HOUSE.—This should now be kept as cool as possible, both night
and day. Ventilate freely on all occasions, distribute plenty of water about
to produce a moist atmosphere, and shade from strong sunshine.

INTERMEDIATE HOUSE.—This department may now range from 70° to
80° during sunny, warm weather ; in dull weather from 65° to 70°; night,
60° to 65°; morning, 55° to 60°. Ventilate judiciously to keep the
atmosphere pure and fresh, and damp down the floors, &c., two or three
times daily, also shade from the bright, hot sun to prevent scorching or
blistering of the leaves. Very little fire heat should now be needed, except
perhaps on a particularly dull and cold day or night, when the pipes may
be made luke-warm with advantage.

East INDIAN OR WARM HOUSE.—This may now range by day from 80°
to go° in warm weather, with air, and from 70° to 75° in dull weather ; and
at night from 65° to 70°, falling to about 60° by the morning. Here also
never miss a favourable opportunity to ventilate. Shade during the
brightest part of the day and maintain ample atmospheric moisture.

We are now entering on the growing season, and now that the days are
long and the sun powerful, there should be no difficulty in creating con-
ditions highly suitable for free and rapid growth. This is exactly what is
wanted, for on no account must we now starve them by omitting to supply
plenty of warmth, air, and moisture. Water well at the root when
necessary, and use the syringe freely once or twice a day. Give the warm
and intermediate kinds their fair share of warmth, especially during the
day, and temper with a reasonable amount of fresh air.

We shall still be very busy with the re-potting. top-dressing, and general
smartening up operations—the first because the plant has either out-grown
its pot or the compost got into a bad, sour state; the second because the
surface of the compost has got into a crusted condition through which air
and water are unable to pass freely, and therefore requires to be loosened
up and re-surfaced with fresh sphagnum ; and the third because a stick and
a tie wherever wanted gives a neat and tidy appearance, and a wash over
with the sponge cleanses the foliage and pseudobulbs from dust and insect
pests, thus enabling the plants to start on the growing season in a comfort-
able and promising manner.

As the Cymbidiums pass out of bloom their wants in the above mentioned
items should be attended to. C. Lowianum, giganteum, and Tracyanum
grow very vigorously i in the coolest house, in fact the whole of the other

148 . THE ORCHID REVIEW.

kinds also grow well there, but are better for intermediate treatment during
the winter and spring months. They delight in what is, for an Orchid, a
comparatively rich compost, but if loam is used it should be of the best
fibrous nature. Personally I use but little loam now, as I think after a good
deal: of experience that three parts of good lumpy peat and one part of
chopped sphagnum moss answers the purpose admirably, and does not get
eventually so close and hard as loam, especially if the former has a little
broken charcoal mixed in, which should always be done. The roots of
Cymbidiums are large and fleshy, and they therefore prefer a moderate
amount of pot space in which to ramble. This should be borne in mind
when they require repotting, and pots of a reasonable size should be selected,
so that they may go on for a reasonable time without root disturbance being
again necessary. It is best to drain the pots one third only, thus allowing
more room for the compost and roots. After repotting keep the plants
moderately well shaded and moist, but avoid getting the new compost too
soddened for a time until the roots make a fresh start.

Cattleyas which were previously re-potted are now making new roots
freely and seem to greatly relish the fresh live sphagnum and new peat.
These may now have water supplied more freely without fear of the old
roots rotting off. Look over the remainder regularly, also the Lzeelias, so
that the best time for attention does not pass by. Catch them just as they
start into new growth, and before the new roots have got too far advanced.
After repotting give them a little extra shade for a time, and use the syringe
about them pretty freely, which will prevent shrivelling and an unnecessary
loss of foliage, and promote renewed root action.

Cattleyas and Leelias closely follow those species previously mentioned,
the Mexican house Orchids, as lovers of light and air, but few however will
stand such fierce sunshine as Lelia anceps without being burned or other-
wise disfigured. Still there is no doubt that if Cattleyas are to be grown
thoroughly well they must receive plenty of light, by being placed near the
glass of the house, which in its turn must be well ventilated, and receive an
abundance of atmospherical moisture during summer.

Cattleya Warscewiczii often perplexes and disappoints the grower in
the matter of blooming. A certain percentage of them seem to be
naturally shy bloomers, and nothing seems to alter this character. All that
I can advise is to grow them as strongly as possible, resting them well, of
course, but without going to extremes, for under such treatment they
flower as quickly as any way. Others of this species flower freely enough,
and just as easy as any other kind. They may be re-potted immediately
the new pseudobulb has completed its growth.

Cattleya superba and C. Eldorado come from a slightly lower altitude,
and although they will generally grow pretty satisfactorily in the average

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 149

Cattleya house, they usually do better in the Stove or East Indian house,
where there is a little more warmth. They also grow better if given larger
supplies of water, in fact the compost in which the first-named is growing
may be simply drenched during the whole of the growing season, the plant
seeming to greatly appreciate such treatment. On this account they,
together with C. Aclandiz, are best accommodated in teak-wood baskets
and suspended, as the air can then circulate round the roots, and naturally
counterbalances the extra supplies of water, thus preventing possible ill-
effects. C. Lawrenceana seems to be getting rather scarce. This may
also be classed as a warmer growing Cattleya than the majority, and is fond
of plenty of moisture.

Some few of the late blooming Dendrobiums still remain to be done up
and put in growing order. I have before advised that these should be kept
to small receptacles, especially the rare hybrids, as a large mass of compost
about their roots is particularly distasteful to them. They greatly
appreciate an abundance of moisture when growing, but they like to cast it
off quickly, and this they are unable to do if over-potted. When re-potting,
the plant should be firmly secured, either by sticks or by tying the pseudo-
bulb to the wires of the pan or baskets, but the compost is best laid in
lightly about the roots, so that the air can pass readily through. Unless
one has the convenience of the roof space of an East Indian house the
successful culture of the beautiful D. Phalaenopsis seems almost futile to
attempt, but with it its cultivation is tolerably easy. The present is a good
time to do them up. They seem to succeed best if re-panned annually, or
at the longest every two years. They should always be kept in small pans;
firmly secured but potted lightly as before described, and afterwards
suspending them in a light, hot position on the roof, giving liberal supplies
of water when renewed activity of the roots and growth sets in, until their
flowering season. These remarks also apply to D. superbiens and D.
bigibbum.

D. Benson 1s a species rather difficult to manage for any length of time,
though it generally grows very well for the first year or so. I daresay there
is a right way to grow it continually in a flourishing condition, though I
have not yet discovered it. If anyone else has, they would do well to
communicate the same to the readers of the Orchid Review, and many, I
believe, would be grateful. I am still experimenting, and hope soon to
solve the secret. Suffice it to say at present that it points in the direction
of our having given either too much heat or insufficient air, and perhaps
both.

The Cool or Odontoglossum house will now soon be gay with flowering
plants. O. crispum is pushing up spikes, which are opening in quick
succession. It should not be forgot that this month of all others is the

150 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

best possible in which to re-pot this particular species. All, therefore, that
require it, should be taken in hand immediately after blooming is past, and
the new growth appears, and they then recover much more quickly and
with less shrivelling of the pseudobulb than at any other time. These
remarks also apply to other Odontoglots of similar growth, as O. Pescatorei,
O. triumphans, O. luteopurpureum, and all their hybrids. In fact a great
effort should be made some time during this month, and the earlier the
better, to go through everything in this department in the shape of either
Oncidium or Odontoglossom that is in the right or proper condition. All
are best suited with peat and sphagnum in equal proportions, the pots or
pans being drained about one half with crocks or rubble broken up rather
finely.

As regards methods, some experienced growers elevate their plants
considerably above the rim of the pot, raising the compost up carefully in
a conical shape to the base of the leading pseudobulb, on which the latter
rests secure and stable. But for an amateur or a new beginuer, I would
suggest it as being generally a safer plan to pot lower, that is to say, to
place the leading pseudobulb on a level, or only slightly above the rim of
the pot. The potting then is done with greater ease, much more quickly,
and the plant more likely to be secure and able to make the best use of the
roots. On the whole, the chances with an amateur are in favour of the
last method of potting rather than with the former. In all cases of
re-potting, water must be applied to the compost very carefully for a few
weeks; the surface, however, and the immediate surroundings, should be
kept continually moist by the aid of the syringe.

In the Intermediate house many species will also claim our attention.
Miltonia vexillaria is now in full bloom, and a beautiful show it makes
when both light and dark forms are represented. Care should be taken not
to let the spikes stay on the plants too long, especially if not well rooted
and strong. If these were not attended to early in the new year, as then
advised, they should have everything necessary done directly flowering 1s
over, for they immediately start again to grow. Some growers fail to
appreciate the beauty of M. vexillaria, but I have never heard anyone say
one word against that little gem, M. Phalenopsis, which should also be in
bloom this month. This little beauty certainly repays for growing as well
as possible. The Intermediate house suits it best; in fact, it requires the
Same treatment as M. vexillaria, except, perhaps, that it is better to grow
it in shallow pans or baskets suspended from the roof. From now,
throughout the summer, it delights in a liberal supply of water—that is, of
course, if the roots are in good, sweet compost, and if not it should be
immediately supplied, as it is most sensitive in this respect—but towards
winter the supply should be greatly lessened, and it should be kept

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 151

moderately dry until the spikes are to be seen showing during the following
spring; otherwise it will not flower well and black spots are apt to appear
on the foliage and pseudobulbs. During the depth of winter it is always
advisable to place it ina warm and dry position in the warmest house.
Most Miltonias are the better for this extra warmth during the worst winter
months, and this is markedly so in the case of M. spectabilis and its
varieties, which are practically always growing and in an active state. I
always think they are best if grown in baskets and in nothing but good
fibrous peat.

Odontoglossum hastilabium is a magnificent species when flowering from
strong, well-grown plants. Jt is one which, like a good many others of the
genus, grows capitally in some Cool houses but not in all; in fact, it is
what we might term a warm Cool house species, and a cool part of the
Intermediate house would be the most likely place to suit it best.
Otherwise its general treatment is exactly identical to Odontoglossum in
general. :

Oncidium crispum is a very common and popular species, but does not
take kindly to artificial cultivation, and it has an awkward way of growing
smaller after the first few years. By its behaviour when newly imported it
is apt to mislead one, for it then comes away so very freely, making lots of
new roots and fine large pseudobulbs, which in their turn produce such
grand flower spikes that it is concluded by those who may not have grown
it before that it is the most simple thing to grow imaginable. The first
season’s produce is generally the best, for after bearing the enormous flower
spikes, it soon commences to show evident signs of distress, more or less in
accordance with the good or bad treatment given from the beginning.
When makinga start with this species by all means obtain newly or recently
imported plants, or failing this with semi-established plants that have been
well attended to from the first, and you will then at least have a fair chance
of success. This species succeeds best when either grown in baskets and
suspended, or on blocks or rafts of teak wood. It is sometimes advisable to
place them on rafts owing to the peculiar shape they have acquired through
having been growing on branches of trees in their native habitat. When
fixing them to blocks or rafts a little fibrous peat may also be used, or it
may not, for my own part I prefer not to use anything. The raft should be
of sufficient length to allow ample room for the new growths, as they
appear, so that the new roots can cling to it and become firmly attached,
otherwise they extend over and away from the raft into the air and render
but little support, ultimately getting broken and useless. It is of great
assistance to this species if suspended in the Cool house during three or four
of the hottest summer months, during which time it is making its growth,

and should then be watered freely. But when autumn arrives and the

152 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

nights begin to get cold it is best if removed to the Intermediate or Cattleya
house, where it will in due course flower, after which a good long rest
throughout the winter should be accorded, giving just sufficient water only
to keep the pseudobulbs moderately plump. Under these conditions O.
crispum will last for a considerable time in a fairly good and robust condi-
tion, and especially so if a rest from blooming be given occasionally, by
pinching off the flower spike whenever the new pseudobulb shows any sign
of being inferior in size to its predecessor.

Oncidium varicosum, another lovely autumn blooming species, is also
rather difficult to keep in a strong, healthy state, and I advise a treatment
corresponding exactly to that just described for the preceding species. The
long winter’s rest seems most essential for its well being, also the airy con-
ditions of the Cool house for a few months in the summer when forming
new growth. It is a good plan to grow this in small shallow pans, and
shake out and repan each spring just as new roots are commencing to push,
using a very light compost of moss alone. Or it can be well grown on teak
rafts.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID
SOCIETY.

A MEETING was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on April 13th,
when there was a very fine display of Orchids. The following members of
the Committee were present :—Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair), W.
Thompson, G. W. Law-Schofield, H. Greenwood, P. Weathers, J. Cypher,
W. Holmes, W. Stevens, R. Johnson, and T. Mills (hon. sec.).

W. Thompson, Esq., Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), staged a group of select
miscellaneous Orchids, to which a Silver Medal was awarded.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed Cattleya
intermedia alba (First-class Certificate), Cypripedium Godefroyz Veitchii,
an excellent form (Award of Merit), Dendrobium x Rainbow, D. nobile
Backhouseanum, and Lelio-cattleya x Euterpe.

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed
Dendrobium Wardianum Gratrixii, an immense flower of a good dark
colour, and D. Falconeri giganteum (Award of Merit), Cypripedium insigne,
Harefield Hall var. (First-class Certificate), a form of C. x Lucie
(ciliolare xX Lawrenceanum), C. x excellens, Lelio-cattleya x Hon.
Mrs. Astor (Award of Merit), L.-c. x exoniensis, Cattleya Schroedere
amabilis, C. S. West Point variety, and Odontoglossum triumphans (Award
of Merit).

John Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Lezlio-
cattleya X Pallas, Cattleya Lawrenceana (Award of Merit), C. Schroedere,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 153

Odontoglossum Hallii leucoglossum, O. crispum (Award of Merit), O. X
Wilckeanum, a seedling Cypripedium, a very fine hybrid with bellatulum
as one of the parents, the ‘other unknown (First-class Certificate),
Cymbidium Lowianum, and Dendrobium x splendidissimum Leeanum.
This exhibitor also staged a very effective group, which received a Silver
Medal.

Dr. E. J. Sidebotham, Bowdon (gr. Mr. Shiner), showed Cypripedium
caudatum Wallisii (First-class Certificate) and C. Mastersianum.

Henry Greenwood, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Gill), showed Odonto-
glossum X Humeanum (Award of Merit), O. nebulosum (Award of Merit)
Cattleya Schroedere, Dendtobium x Clytie (Award of Merit), D. n. nivalis,
D. n. Highfield variety (Award of Merit), and D. x Cybele giganteum. The
same exhibitor staged a group of miscellaneous Orchids, for which he
received a Vote of Thanks.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed Cypripedium
Argus Moensii (Award of Merit), C. barbatum Warneri, C. villosum
aureum, C. v. magnificum (Award of Merit), Dendrobium nobile Symmetry
(Award of Merit), D. n. roseum, and other named forms of D. nobile, also
Cypripedium Mastersianum superbum (Award of Merit). This exhibitor
also staged an effective group, and was awarded a Vote of Thanks.

Capt. J. Barlow, Bury (gr. Mr. Heywood), showed a very fine specimen
of Chysis bractescens, which was awarded both a First-class Certificate
and a Cultural Certificate.

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), showed a hybrid
Odontoglossum which received an Award of Merit.

J. Charlton Parr, Esq., Warrington (gr. Mr. Masterton), staged a small
collection of cut blooms, excellently cultivated, amongst which were
conspicuous Eulophiella Elizabeth, Cypripedium Sanderianum, and C.
Rothschildianum. The group received a Cultural Certificate and a Vote
of Thanks.

Edward Holt, Esq., Prestwich (gr. Mr. Murphy), showed a group of
cut blooms, which received a Vote of Thanks.

John Richardson, Esq., Altrincham (gr. Mr. Jenkins), showed
Dendrobium nobile delicatum and D. crassinode.

Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham, showed Cypripedium X Winifred
Hollington (Award of Merit), C. niveum grandiflorum (Award of Merit),
Odontoglossum Rossii Amesianum (Award of Merit), Lzlio-cattleya xX
highburiensis (Award of Merit), Diacrium bicornutum (First-class
Certificate).

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, showed Cypripedium Chapmanii,
Lelia x Latona (cinnabarina X purpurata), and a good form of
Cypripedium x Aylingii (Award of Merit).

154 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed Odontoglossum triumphans.

Mr. A. G. Keeling, Bingley, showed Cypripedium xX _ rotundum
(Lathamianum X purpuratum), C. X Harrisianum, Phaius xX Cooksoni,
and Cattleya citrina (Cultural Certificate) also a group for which he
received a Vote of Thanks.

At the meeting held on April 27th there was again a very good display.
The members present were:—Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair),
G. W. Law-Schofield, A: Warburton, D. B. Rappart, J. Cypher, P.
Weathers, W. Holmes, and R. Johnson.

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), showed a
distinct and handsome Cymbidium, with a three-flowered inflorescence,
the colour being ivory-white with a deep yellow crest. It is said to have
been imported with C. eburneum, and it is suggested that it may be a natural
hybrid from it and some other species (F. C.). He also showed a fine form
of Odontoglossum X Coradinei (A. M.), a very dark-coloured O. triumphans
(A. M.), a specially brightly-coloured form of Phalznopsis Lueddemanniana
(A. M.), two well-grown plants of Cochlioda Neetzliana with large spikes
of flowers, and several plants of Miltonia vexillaria with flowers varying
from dark pink to nearly white. The same exhibitor also staged a
miscellaneous group, for which he was awarded a Silver Medal.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed Lelia X
Latona (A. M.), Epiphronitis x Veitchii (A. M.), Cymbidium X eburneo-
Lowianum (A. M.), Cypripedium x grande atratum, C. Exul, several
plants of Cattleya Mendelii, C. citrina, Odontoglossum xX Ruckerianum,
Dendrobium primulinum, D. atroviolaceum, and Eulophiella Elisabethe
(A. M.). This exhibitor also obtained a Silver Medal for a miscellaneous
group.

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed
Cypripedium X Chapmanii (F. C.), C. x Goweri superbum, C. X grande
atratum, C. X Minos, Lycaste Imperator (A. M.), Lelio-cattleya
x highburyensis, and Odontoglossum Pescatorei.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. l'dge), showed Cattleya
intermedia, a large flower of typical colour (A. M.), C. Schilleriana (A. M.),
C. Mossiz, C. Mendelii, Odontoglossum crispum Rosa Leemann, O,
luteopurpureum, and Cypripedium villosum giganteum. The same
exhibitor also staged a good group of Orchids and was awarded a Silver
Medal.

Dr. E. J. Sidebotham, Bowdon (gr. Mr. Shiner), showed Maxillaria
Sanderiana, Lycaste Skinneri alba, and Dendrobium Dearii.

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), showed a fine
form of Cattleya Mendelii with very deeply-coloured lip (F. C.).

H. Greenwood, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Gill), showed Dendrobium

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 18s

nobile giganteum (F. C.), and Odontoglossum Hunnewellianum maximum
(F.C)

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), showed Cattleya
Mendelii Quorn House var. (F. C.), and C. M. Duchess of York (F. C.).

H. Shaw, Esq., Stockport (yr. Mr. Cliffe), showed Lelio-cattleya xX
Latona.

Edward Holt, Esq., Prestwich (gr. Mr. Murphy), showed a miscellaneous
group, for which he was awarded a Vote of Thanks.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, showed Cattleya Schroedere, a
beautifully cultivated plant covered with blooms (Cult. C.), and a seedling
Cypripedium insigne Chantini x Chamberlainianum, a very pretty flower,
quite intermediate in character (A. M.).

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Bradford, showed Cattleya Schroedere
heatonense, a beautiful and distinct light variety (F. C.), Cypripedium xX
Hyeanum (Sallieri Hyeanum x Spicerianum), (A. M.), C. Xx Mansellii
(Chamberlainianum xX _ villosum), (A. M.), C. x microchilum, C. X
conco-villosum, C. xX Eros (Mastersianum xX lLawrenceanum), and
Odontoglossum X Wilckeanum illustre.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, showed Odontoglossum xX io raleernndiats,
Cattleya Lawrenceana, and Dendrobium X micans; also a group, for
which he received a Vote of Thanks.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
THE display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster,
on March 28th, was smaller than at the previous meeting, though the
exhibits were up to the average in quality. The members of the Committee
present were H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. J. O’Brien
(hon. sec.), H.. Ballantine, H. J. Chapman, J. Colman, N. C. Cookson,
S. Courtauld, J.G. Fowler, J. [. Gabriel, T. B. Haywood, E. Hill, J.
Jaques, F. Mason, A. Outram, H. T. Pitt, W. H. Protheroe, A. H. Smee,
F. J. Thorne, R. B. White, W. H. White, and W. H. Young.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
White), staged a small group of finely-grown specimens, to which a Silver
Banksian Medal was awarded. It contained a fine Cattleya Lawrenceana
with sixteen flowers, C. xX Lawre-Mossiz, a fine Cypripedium Stonei,
C. Rothschildianum, with two fine spikes, two handsome dark forms of
Odontoglossum triumphans, O. Hallii with a spike of sixteen flowers, a
good form of Epidendrum xX dellense called xantho-radicans, aud others.
An Award of Merit was given to a well-grown plant of Dendrobium x
Euterpe (nobile XxX Wardianum) with a fine flowering growth between
three and four feet long.

156 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), staged a
good group, to which a Bronze Banksian Medal was given. It contained
a fine plant of Eulophiella Elizabeth with three spikes, Dendrobium X
splendidissimum grandiflorum and others, Oncidium sarcodes, Epidendrum
Wallisii, a good form of Odontoglossum x Humeanum, varieties of O.
-. Andersonianum, &c. A Cultural Commendation was given to O. X
Wilckeanum Primate with a splendid inflorescence.

M. Jules Hye-Leysen, Ghent (gr. Mr. Coen), received a First-class
Certificate for Lzelio-cattleya x Myra Etoile d’Or (C. Trianze x L. flava),
a very handsome clear yellow flower, and an Award of Merit to Odonto-
glossum X excellens nobilior, bearing a raceme of fourteen fine yellow
flowers spotted with red-brown.

J. Sparkes, Esq., Heathside, Ewhurst, Guildford (gr. Mr. Smith), staged
a good plant with three spikes of the rare little Australian Dendrobium
Foelschei (F. Muell), to which a Botanical Certificate was given.

Frau Ida Brandt, Zurich (gr. Mr. Schlecht), sent the rare Oncidium
Warscewiczii, Phalznopsis Aphrodite, and the charming Ccelogyne
Sandere.

Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr.
Murray), sent four plants of Dendrobium x Cybele Oakwood variety
(Findlayanum x nobile burfordiense), no two of them being alike, and the
best an improvement on the typical form.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke);
showed Odontoglossum x mulus Crawshay’s var., a very fine form, a
handsome O. crispum, and a finely-grown plant of O. x Andersonianum
with three spikes.

T. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate (gr. Mr. Salter),
showed several good Dendrobium x Ainsworthii.

Sir William Marriott, Down House, Blandford (gr. Mr. Denny),
showed a fine form of Lelia x Latona.

E. de Quincey, Esq., Chislehurst (gr. Mr. Lees), showed a fine form of
Cattleya Trianz.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson),
showed a rich dark yellow unspotted form of Cypripedium insigne, called
C. i. Statterze.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), showed
Odontoglossum Hallii nigrum, a very fine form, with copious very dark
markings, and O. xX Wilckeanum waltonense, a handsome yellow form
richly blotched with purple-brown.

W. C. Walker, Esq., Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr. Cragg), sent a good
Cypripedium hirsutissimum, and Eriopsis rutidobulbon with three spikes.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, staged a handsome

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 157

group, containing some very fine forms of Cattleya Trianz, Dendrobium X
cheltenhamense, some handsome varieties of Odontoglossum crispum,
Cypripedium Mastersianum, C. X Calypso, C. xX Godseffianum, C X
~Winnianum, C. xX T. W. Bond, C. xX Smithii, and other good things.

Messrs. Linden, L’Horticulture Internationale, Brussels, sent Odonto-
glossum X Wilckeanum tigrinum, a handsomely-marked variety, O. X
cirrho-Hallii, and a good form of Cypripedium X Schlesingerianum.

The meeting on April 18th was a great success, the Drill Hall being
crowded both with exhibits and visitors. Orchids were represented in large
numbers and excellent quality, some of them, owing to want of space, never
getting beyond the Orchid committee table. The members present were :—
H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair; J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), E. Ashworth, H.
Ballantine, T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, J. Colman, S. Courtauld, De B.
Crawshay, J. G. Fowler, J. T. Gabriel, T. B. Haywood, E. Hill, J. Jaques,
H. Little, A. Outram, H. T. Pitt, F. Sander, W. H. White, and W. H.
Young.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), staged a
very choice group, to which a Silver-Flora Medal was given. It contained
the rare Dendrobium Falconeri giganteum, Cymbidium Devonianum with
five spikes, a specimen Calanthe ‘veratrifolia with seven spikes, Cochlioda
sanguinea, a good plant of Maxillaria prestans, three plants of the charming
little Epidendrum Endresii, remarkable for the duration of its flowers, which
seemed as perfect as when exhibited at the February meeting, E. Schom-
burgkii with two fine spikes, the handsome Cypripedium x Fowlerianum, C.
X barbato-bellum, Odontoglossum X Ruckerianum with a fine five-branched
spike, the rare O. brevifolium with two spikes, O. Edwardii, O. crispum,
a fine O. gloriosum, Masdevallia Harryana, and others. A fine plant of
Masdevallia X Shuttryana Chamberlainii with ten splendid flowers received
a First-class Certificate, and Miltonia cuneata with five spikes a Cultural
Commendation,

Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Staines (gr. Mr. Ballantine), staged a
small group of.choice things, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It
contained two superb forms of Odontoglossum xX Wilckeanum, Queen-
Empress with a close raceme of very large, yellow and brown flowers, and
Princess Christian with clear white ground and brownish-purple blotches, a
fine O. triumphans, also inflorescences of O. Pescatorei Veitchianum, O. P.
Schreederianum, and the remarkable slaty-blue Cattleya Lawrenceana
Vinckeana.

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whiffen) also
received a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group, containing fine examples of
Cymbidium Lowianum and C. xX eburneo-Lowianum, Lycaste Skinneri,
Lelia x Latona, some good Odontoglossum crispum, Péscatorei, triumphans,

158 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

x Andersonianum, the beautiful O. x Adriane Whiffenii with nearly white
ground, together with the typical form, and other good things.

W. A. Bilney, Esq., Fir Grange, Weybridge (gr. Mr. Whitlock), received
a Silver Banksian Medal for a fine group consisting largely of finely-grown
examples of Dendrobium nobile, D. Wardianum, with other good things.

Major Joicey, Sunningdale Park (gr. Mr. Thorne), also received a Silver
Banksian Medal for a good group, containing a good example of the
beautiful Dendrobium Johnsone, D. atroviolaceum, a fine example of
Angrecum sesquipedale, and several well-grown Diacrium bicornutum.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook), sent
excellent examples of Cypripedium callosum Sandere, C. Lawrencanum
Hyeanum, and the superb Odontoglossum crispum Ashworthianum, very
heavily blotched with rose-purple, a First-class Certificate being awarded
to the latter.

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan),
received an Award of Merit for Odontoglossum crispum obstupefaciens,
bearing irregular curved red-brown blotches.

A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), sent
the handsome purple-blotched Odontoglossum crispum Luciani, Cattleya
Schroedere and C. Mendelii, and Dendrobium x Clio, Vine House var., a
fine variety with a four-flowered raceme, to which an Award of Merit was
given.

Sir F, Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), sent the hand-
somely blotched Odontoglossum crispum Sir Frederick, O. x Anderson-
ianum Golden Sheen, broadly bordered with yellow on the sepals and petals
and slightly spotted, and O. x Adrianz Lady Wigan, a pretty, densely-
spotted form, to which an Award of Merit was given.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), sent a
fine dark Cypripedium Rothschildianum, C. caudatum, a well-flowered
example of Maxillaria Turneri, to which a Botanical Certificate was les
and others.

Frau Ida Brandt, Zurich (gr. Mr. Schlecht) sent the rare little
Kefersteinia graminea, Lycaste brevispatha, and a finely coloured
Phalznopsis Lueddemanniana.

F. M. Burton, Esq., Highfield, Gainsborough, sent his seedling Cypri-
pedium X Tautzianum (niveum xX _ barbatum Warneri), the flower at
present being small and light in colour, and three very pretty forms of
Epidendrum Burtoni, which are noted on another page.

Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray),
sent Dendrobium x Cybele Oakwood var. (Findlayanum x nobile burford-
iense), in which the blotch at the base of the lateral sepals of the pollen
parent is reproduced,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 159

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), sent a
plant with two spikes of the splendid Odontoglossum triumphans Lionel
Crawshay, which is remarkable for the great breadth of the segments, also
a good, dark form of the species.

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq,, Glebelands, S. Woodford, Essex (gr. Mr.
Davis), sent a good form of Cattleya intermedia, and C. X Cecilia.

W. A. Gillett, Esq., Fairoak Lodge, Bishopstoke (gr. Mr. Carr) sent a
group of cut inflorescences of excellent quality, including a fine Dendrobium
Wardianum, four distinct varieties of D. nobile, a fine form of Vanda
suavis, Odontoglossum triumphans, O. Hallii, O xX Coradinei with 18
flowers, a beautiful form of O. x Andersonianum, O. crispum, O.
Pescatorei, and O. Rossii.

Mrs. Parr, the Cedars, Upper Tooting, sent the remarkable Dendrobium
macrophyllum.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), sent the
handsome Odontoglossom X excellens Rosslyn var.

G. O. Sloper, Esq., Highworth, sent a good Vanda tricolor and
Cypripedium xX Dauthieri.

J. Sparkes, Esq., Heathside, Ewhurst; Guildford (gr. Mr. Smith), sent
a good plant of Cymbidium Sparkesii (Rendle) with three spikes. It is
near C. canaliculatum, but has broader leaves, and the lip broadly margined
with purple round a yellow disc.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a splendid group, to
which a Silver-gilt Flora Medal was awarded. It contained a series of fine
varieties of Cattleya Schroedere, C. Mendelii, C. Schilleriana, Lelia x
Latona, L. cinnabarina, Lelio-cattleya x Pallas, a fine example of
Epiphronitis X Veitchii, Bifrenaria Harrisone candida, Cymbidium X
eburneo-Lowianum, the rare Dendrobium albosanguineum, D. X Imogen
(euosmum leucopterum X signatum) a pretty light yellow form, D. x
cheltenhamense, the brilliant D. subclausum, D. xX Alcippe, some good
D. infundibulum, Oncidium sarcodes, some distinct forms of the charming
little Epidendrum xX elegantulum, a number of good Odontoglossums,
Cypripedium x Alice, one flower being reduced to a pair of sepals, and
various other good things.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, also staged a fine
group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was awarded. It contained a series
of eighteen well-grown plants of Vanda tricolor and V. suavis and varieties,
Trichopilia coccinea lepida, Phaius X Norman, Cymbidium Devonianum,
various good Odontoglossums, Dendrobiums, Cypripediums, &c.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, received a Silver
Banksian Medal for another fine group, containing some good forms of
Cattleya Mendelii, C. Schcedere, C. intermedia alba, Ada aurantiaca,

160 THE ORCHID REVIEW

Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, D. Falconeri, Cymbidium Lowianum, C. L.
concolor, Colax jugosus, Odontoglossum triumphans, some good O. crispum,
and other showy things.

Mr. James Douglas, Edenside, Great Bookham, staged a small group,
containing good’ examples of the handsome Phaius xX Cooksoni, Lelia
harpophylla, Cypripedium Rothschildianum, C. villosum, &c.

Messrs. John Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, included a few good Orchids
in a fine group of miscellaneous plants.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CYPRIPEDIUM X VENUBEL.—Journ. of Hort., April 2oth, p. 315, fig. 73-

DENDROBIUM X CYBELE, OAKWOOD VARIETY.—Gard. Chron., April
29th, pp. 258, 259, fig. 96.

MASDEVALLIA X GELENYANA.—Journ. of Hort., ole 13th, p. 293,
fig. 70.

ODONTOGLOSRUM X ADRIAN Lapy WiGcan.—Gard. Chron., April 2gth,
p- 258, fig. 95.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM ASHWORTHIANUM.—Journ. of Hort,, April
27th, p. 335, fig. 76.

ODONTODLOSSUM CRISPUM, DUKE OF YoRK.—Journ. of Hort., April 6th,
p. 269, fig. 65. : |

VANILLA PLANIFOLIA (in fruit)—Gard. Chron., April 8th, p. 213, fig. 81.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their ge on other pages, and in some
cases, for various reasons, they have to neo over ure issue. In the case of. hybrid seedling
sent for name, the par entage and history should er be briefly stated, for without these details w
are not always able to deal with them corp

W. J. R., Maghull. Saccolabium cape

E. Fed bear Apparently a form of Paphiopedilum X Allanianum (Spiceria-

m X Cur isii). The colour is — but the lip of this aoe always seems to us aga

poriontely ee The record cocsles rbum,” under which it was

chased, cannot possibly be coreeee The other is a form ow Pox Schiesiagetianum
(Boxallii x rae

. W. k. ot quite the original Dendrobium nobile nobilius, but almost equally
dae bon ‘and ; think rights t in colour. Some of the recently introduced forms are almost
iden

6 H. F., Brandon. A form of Cabayiloniin x Andersonianum.

fe Ba ee F lorence. Probably a ee form of Paphiopedilum x Creon. The batch of
seedlings will ieiepa differ in chia d espect

Ws Both forms of Dustin pedis virens. The seedling from P. barbatum
x Curtisii is a ‘en of P. x Kerchoveanum, the original apparently being derived from the
reverse cro

Photograpie received, with thanks, A, W. H., E, F.C,

PATENT FAST-DYED
KHAKI COTTON NETTING.

For Shading Orchid and Other eh
ABSOLUTELY FAST. WELL SHRUN
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CONTRACTORS TO H.M. WAR OFFICE & INDIA OFFICE

THE STANLEY IVORINE LABELS.

ESE LABELS having the valuable qualities of being unbreakable, perfect whiteness, non
and saeeubalies are invaluable to growers of Orchids, Roses, Chrysanthemums, Geraniums, and in
fact all plants requiring a label, either in or out of doors.

eing perfectly white in colour, they can be written upon by pen or pencil, and the writing will not
be destroyed by the action of either water or weather, thus having a permanent label not like the old
wooden or metallic ones, with names washed off after a short exposure to the weather.

corrosive

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wooden . as labels which so often aay and disgust ~~ growers.

The ad in various a sizes from any first-class nursery or seedgsman, or from the
Sole ne rota JNO. tas ta SONS, Stanley Works, Bond Street, Birmingham, who will be
pleased to submit samples and

We = raga & A arwpond prepared Spica ee Ink, which will stand es Aegan to all weathers, and

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MURRAY'S PATENT
ORCHID STAND.

destructive

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fungoid growth arising from stagnant air.

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Is the first clean, effectual, and practically
indestructible article ever offered for. the
purpose of the necessary raising of the plants
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Invented and patented by William Murray,
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Price List containing full information
from

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TRAFALGAR WIRE WORKS,

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H. A. BURBERRY'’S

system of personally Giving Ad-

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of Orchid Cultivation insures suc-

cess and satisfaction.

One gentleman says: ‘I consider
your visit has been worth £100 to me.”

All desirous of having the benefit
of his long experience in matters
affecting the welfare of their Orchids,
should communicate with him, and
he will be glad to wait on them

when in the vicinity, at very
small fee.
H. A. B. attends Orchid Sales,

and will be pleased to receive com-
missions to buy for those who cannot
attend.

AvDDREss: Ethel House,
King’s Heath,
BIRMINGHAM,

THE AMATEUR ORCHID CULTIVATOR’S

GUIDE BOOK,

H. A. BURBERRY, F.R.H.S.

An excellent practical treatise on Orchid Culture,
with four coloured plates, contaning 40 species,
and numerous photo- illustrations.

Second Edition. In cloth, price 5/6, post free.

“ORCHID REVIEW” OFFICE.

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And at Rio de Janeiro, Caixa, 906.

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LARGE QUANTITIES OF IMPORTED ORCHIDS ARE ALWAYS ON HAND.

Orchids! Orchids!

PYy Yer

JOHN COWAN & CO.

HAVE AN IMMENSE vgs OF ORCHIDS
Tens of Thousands of HEALTHY, “VIGOROUS. WELL-GROWN PLANTS,

n great Variety ; and additions are constantly being made by t e Purchasing of Private
Collections and otherwise. They earnestly invite the inspection of "qurending purchasers.

The Company are constantly receiving Importations of Orchids from various parts
of the world, all of which mares Offer for Sale by Private Treaty as they come to hand,
at very reasonable Prices

Descriptive and Priced Cataiogues of their Stock of Established Orchids, as well as of
each importation as it comes to hand, will be sent Post Free on application to the Company.

Gateacre Nurseries, Gateacre, near Liverpool.

inet ae ee oe

Sta eS ee ee eer ee a kee

ORCHIDS

A SPECIALITY.

Messrs.

Charlesworth & Co,

Heaton, BRADFORD,

Have a large and fine stock of established
and imported ORCHIDS.

INSPECTION INVITED.

NOTICE OF ™
ee REMOVAL.

In consequence of the Expiration of the Lease
of the CLAPTON NURSERIES being not far
distant,

HUGH LOW & CO.

Beg to notify that their entire stock of

ORCHIDS,

COMPRISING OVER 30 HOUSES,

Has now been transferred to their Newer
Establishment at

BUSH HILL PARK, MIDDX.,,

Where the favour of Inspection by all
Gentlemen gern ae in eats Culture is most
ordially invited.

Trains eagint ng — (G.B.R and
fifty-five s past each as for rhea ca Park
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ORCHIDS.

Clean, healthy, well-grown plants at reasonable
prices ; many large specimens and rare varieties.

CHOICE DENDROBES A SPECIALITY.
Please write for List.
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EXOTIC NURSERIES,

CHELTENHAM.

J. WEEKS &:CO,, Ltd,
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To Her Majesty, H.R.H. the a of Wales,
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TELEGRAPH, Masnghluew yer »”* LONDON.

Patentees of the Duplex Up ott T Tubular Boilers,

KING’S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

NEW AND RARE ORCHIDS.

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ORCHID IMPORTER & GROWER,
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Near BRADFORD.

Origina’ Importer of Cyp. Charlesworthii, Cyp. Fred.
. &e

hardy, Cyp. bellatulam album, &

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HEADQUARTERS: THE COAL EXCHANGE, MARKET
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A” MEETING of the COMMITTEE, for the purpose

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Mr. THOS. MILLS, Sa ae 37 Cross St., Manchester

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AY SPEC TALITY.
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(

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Vor. VII.] . JUNE, 1899. [No. 78.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, during June, on the 13th and 27th
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12
o’clock noon.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold
meetings on June 8th and 2gth, at the Coal Exchange, Manchester. The
Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection
from one o’clock until four.

A flower of Paphiopedilum x Richmanii is sent from the collection of
Captain Hincks, of Richmond, Yorks. It is from seed sown in February,
1895, the cross being P. bellatulum xX barbatum biflorum. This first
flower is rather small, but dark, and the spots on the petals numerous and
minute, and it will probably develop into a good thing as it gets stronger.

Among the beautiful Orchids figured in the November and December
numbers of the Dictionnaire Iconographique des Orchidées are Trichopilia
suavis and its variety alba, Oncidium varicosum Rogersii and O. v.
concolor, the latter having lost all the brown markings, Cattleya x Maroni,
Miltonia x Binoti, Cypripedium xX Morganie and C. insigne Sandere.
It may be noted that C. exul, O’Brien, should be C. exul, Rolfe. We may
remind the Editors that a few additional cases would be very useful, for on
putting the present instalment away, we find that the one devoted to
miscellaneous genera will not hold all the additions, and two or three others
are full almost to overflowing.

. re 4 < ‘ : . .
An interesting note in connection with the degeneration of Orchids is

162 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

given by M. Otto Ballif in the Chronique Orchidienne (p. 188). A plant of
Lzlio-cattleya x elegans is said to have been cultivated at the Chateau de
Thoiry, Seine-et-Oise, one of the oldest French collections, for a period of
thirty-eight years, by the venerable gardener Victor Douy, recently
deceased. During this period it has bzen several times divided, but is still
as vigorous as ever.

A flower of the remarkable little Pleurothallis punctulata, remarkable for
the leaves and stems being densely covered with white meal, is sent from
the collection of R. I. Measures, Esq., of Camberwell. The plant is
bearing nine flowers. Flowers of a pretty little group of Restrepias are
also sent, and include R. antennifera, elegans, striata and Lansbergii.

A curious flower of Sophronitis grandiflora, from the collection of
E. F. Clark, Esq., of Teignmouth, has the dorsal sepal united along the
middle to the back of the sepal, and thus curves forward over the lip. A
flower of the handsome Paphiopedilum xX Pollettianum (calophyllum
X cenanthum superbum) is also sent. 1

A very fine flower of Dendrobium nobile, measuring four inches from
tip to tip of the petals, is sent from the collection of C. E. Bovill, Esq.,
Grove Park, Chiswick. All the parts are correspondingly well developed,
and the blotch of the lip is very broad and dark. The colour is fairly
typical, but the upper third of the petals is rich rose-purple and contrasts
very effectively with the nearly white base. It was received from Darjeeling
two years ago, and may be referred to D. nobile giganteum.

A flower of the beautiful Cattleya Trianz alba, which flowered out of a
recent importation, is sent by Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., of Enfield.
It is pure white, with the exception of the usual deep yellow disc.

A very good, heavily-spotted form of Odontoglossum x Andersonianum
is sent from the collection of E. Docker, Esq., Spring Grove, Isleworth, by _
Mr. Robins. It is both good in shape and bright in colour, and some of
the spots on the petals are linear in shape. |

Flowers of the handsome Odontoglossum xX crispo-Hallii are sent from
the collection of Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne,
showing that it has decidedly improved since it was first described in these
pages (O. R., v. p. 10). It bears much resemblance to O. xX Denisoniz
(Wilckeanum) in shape, but has distinctly acuminate sepals and petals, as
in O. Halli, with a light yellow ground colour, much blotched with deep
red-brown. The crest and column wings most resemble O. Hallii. It is a
very beautiful hybrid.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. | 163

A large and very richly-coloured form of Cattleya Skinneri is sent by
Mr. C. C. Hurst, Burbage Nurseries, Hinckley, together with an
inflorescence of the rare Cypripedilum californicum, whose small yellow
flowers with a white lip are not often seen in cultivation.

A five-flowered spike of an exceptionally fine and richly-coloured form of
Vanda teres is sent by Mr. W. Hurlstone, Parkfield Hallow Gardens,
Worcester. A note on the culture of these plants appeared at page 358 of
our last volume, and it is interesting to add that two hundred and twenty-
six spikes have been produced this season, the two largest rafts producing
forty-two spikes each. It must have been a splendid sight.

Another of M. Ch. Vuylsteke’s seedlings between Odontoglossum
Pescatorei and O. Harryanum has flowered, and proves to be considerably
different from the original O. x Rolfez, though of course a variety of it.
It is a magnificent thing, of exceptional size, bearing large violet-purple
blotches on the sepals and petals, instead of small spots, the ground colour,
as before, being nearly white. We have not seen anything like it before,
and congratulate M. Vuylsteke on his success.

A raceme of Dendrobium pulchellum (Dalhousieanum) is sent from the
collection of Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool, which contains
one very remarkable flower, or rather two fused together side by side. The
peculiarity, however, is that while the sepals and petals are doubled as
regards number, there are three lips, each fairly perfect, though a little
displaced by the crowding.

Two good forms of Cattleya citrina are also sent, one having no white
_on the lip, and the sepals and petals somewhat spreading, approaching the
variety aurantiaca.

A very remarkable variety of Cattleya Schroedere has appeared in the
collection of Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Bank House, Accrington, in which the
broad petals are flamed with light purple something like a tulip. It has
flowered out of some imported plants, and, if it keeps true to its character,
should be a striking thing when fully established.

Four distinct and pretty forms of the charming little Odontoglossum
Cervantesii are sent from the collection of Richard Ashworth, Esq., of
Newchurch, near Manchester. One is like the variety decorum, and has
the lip barred with brown at the base and spotted at the margin. Another,
equally good, has the sepals and petals suffused with blush, and the lip
white. The others are more typical, but one has the lip spotted at the
base, and the other pure white.

164 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Fine examples of the beautiful Dendrobium Falconeri are sent from’ the
collection of F. M. Burton, Esq., Highfield, Gainsborough, by Mr. Milburn.
It was bought as an imported plant three years ago, and flowers freely every
year. In its dwarf branching habit it differs greatly from its allies.

This species does not appear to have been used much by hybridists,
though intercrossed with D. nobile it has yielded one of the finest hybrids
in existence, namely, D. x Venus, of which an excellent example is sent
from the collection of Norman C. Cookson, Esq.

A photograph, sent by Mr. A. Griesson, of Calcutta, shows the interior
of one of the Orchid houses in Mr. P. S. Chattergee’s Nursery at Calcutta.
‘* Although a native,” Mr. Griessen remarks, “he keeps up the place quite in
European fashion. He has travelled across Europe with Mr. Binot, and no
doubt took many interesting notes. He exports every year a considerable
number of plants to England, mostly Himalayan kinds, and has also an
interesting private collection, which contains ro hybrids, that branch of
the business not having yet extended so far.” The photograph shows a
house built on modern principles, in which a number of good Phalznopsis
and a few other things are arranged with graceful foliage plants on either
side of the pathway, while Oncidium luridum in bud, a fine flowering
specimen of Dendrobium aggregatum, and a few others, are suspended from
the roof. These details come out very clearly in the photograph.

HYBRIDISATION RECORDS.

A PARAGRAPH referring to some Cypripediums offered for sale in my
Orchid list for January last, appeared in the ORcHID Review for May
(p- 132). Your correspondent appears to doubt the possibility of there
being such crosses as he referred to, and I therefore wish to dispel his
evident reluctance to believe that the plants are genuine. If your corres-
pondent doubts the existence of such crosses simply because he has no
record that they are in existence, I beg to inform him that I have been a
raiser of Orchids—Cypripediums especially—for close on twenty years, and
I can produce a record of fully two hundred crosses of Cypripediums raised
by me in conjunction with my late employer, who, for reasons of his own,
caused by the indifferent treatment he has received from those who consider
themselves purveyors of horticultural knowledge, declines to enter into
present publicity with his plants, excepting through me. What would
your correspondent say if he was shown flowered examples of Cypripedium
Stonei X Fairrieanum, C. Niobe x Fairrieanum, Selenipedium Lindley-

-

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 165

anum X Schroederz, and many others? I should only be too glad to show
your correspondent these and many other plants, when I am sure he
would only be too ready to reverse his opinion.
A. KEELING.

[If Mr. Keeling will send us a flower of the crosses in question, we will
take care that our correspondent has an opportunity of seeing them, and
also give an unbiased opinion on the points unde1 discussion. We know
that when with Mr. Drewett he raised a hybrid from C. callosum xX
Fairrieanum, called C. X Juno, whose correctness has never been called in
question. But there is the recent record that Mr. Keeling exhibited at
Manchester a plant called C. Fairrieanum, which the Orchid Committee
were unanimously of opinion was not correctly named. What, then, was
it ? And was it the parent of the hybrid now offered for sale by Mr. Keeling?
We should like to see these matters cleared up. The charge now brought
by Mr. Keeling against the horticultural press is too vague, and should be
substantiated or withdrawn.—ED.|

DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM AS A SEED-PARENT.

WE have attempted to fertilize Dendrobium Wardianum with almost every
Dendrobium species we have, and as a seed-parent have found it
practically useless. A few capsules have appeared, but the contents
generally were nil. As an experiment, we have fertilized it with Ward-
ianum pollen, and with that of crassinode, and in these cases only with
almost invariable success. As a pollen-parent the results are different.

NorMAN C. COOKSON.
Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne.

CHANGE OF COLOUR AFTER FERTILISATION.

The effect of fertilisation on the flowers of Orchids is well known, but a
curious instance of change of colour in Vanda ccerulea is recorded in the
Chronique Orchidéenne (p. 166). A plant of this species at the School of
Horticulture, Ghent, bore a raceme of nine flowers, and, about mid-day on
December 2nd last, eight of these were fertilised with their own pollen.
Next morning, less than twenty hours after, these flowers had changed to
white, though they showed no other change, while the single untouched
flower retained its beautiful mauve tint.

We once observed a somewhat analagous case in Odontoglossum X
Andersonianum hebraicum. A single flower on a raceme of this plant was
observed to be deep yellow while all the rest were of the usual primrose
tint. Closer examination showed that in some way this flower had been

166 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

recently fertilised, and this change of colour was the first evidence of the
change, the flower being otherwise perfect.

In Phalznopsis Lueddemanniana the segments rapidly become green,
and, what is certainly curious, they then remain in this condition for
months while the capsule develops.

THE HYBRIDIST.
PHAIus X PHGBE.
Tue advent of the beautiful Phaius x Cooksoni gave a great stimulus to
hybridising in the genus, and now we have quite a series of charming garden
plants raised by intercrossing the Indian and Madagascar species. The
latest addition to the list is Phaius x Pheebe, also raised in the collection
of Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne, by crossing
P. Wallichii Sanderianus with the pollen of P. Humblotii, to which a First-
class Certificate was awarded by the R. H. S. on May 16th last. We have
received a flower from the raiser, together with one of P. x Cooksoni, for
comparison, which shows that the novelty is distinctly larger in size and
lighter in colour, while there are important differences in the details on the
lip and column, as might be expected from the different parentage. The
sepals and petals are broad, 1} inches long, subequal, and a peculiar light
fawn colour tinged with pink; and the lip 1 inches long, very broad,
undulate, obscurely 4-lobed, and rich crimson-red, with yellow nerves
radiating from the centre. The spur is very short, and the column larger
and broader than in P. x Cooksoni. It is a charming addition to the group.
L&LIO-CATTLEYA X LucIA.

Flowers of a very pretty little hybrid have been sent from the collection
of E. F. Clark, Esq., Chamounix, Teignmouth, with the following history.
It was purchased in April, 1897, as a seedling from the Winn collection,
with the parentage Cattleya Mendelii x Lelia cinnabarina. At that time —
it was small, and did not appear to have formed its first bulb, but it has
since made great progress, and has now flowered when just five years old.
The inflorescence now produced is two-flowered, the pseudobulb which was
formed last autumn being rather over two inches long, and the leaf not
quite six. The sepals and petals are deep apricot colour, with a reddish
shade, and the three-lobed lip is veined with red purple in a broad band
round the front and side lobes of the lip, the centre being clearer yellow.
There is a strong family resemblance between the hybrids between Lelia
cinnabarina and the Cattleyas of the labiata group, bat the differences in
the present are such as might have been expected from the above parentage.
It is a very pretty little plant, and is obviously not nearly developed at
present, the plant being small. It is named after Mr. Clark’s little
daughter.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 167

HYBRID ODONTOGLOSSUMS.
(Continued from vol. vt. p. 187).

One of the difficulties that one has to contend with in identifying the
various natural hybrids which appear is the absence of information as to
the exact range of the different species, and the consequent difficulty of
finding out which of them grow together. This applies not so much to the
older hybrids, which are now pretty well known and easily recognised, as to
_the novelties which appear from time to time. The one called O. X
harvengtense may be taken as an example. It was described as a supposed
natural hybrid between O. crispum and O. sceptrum, which presupposes
the fact that the two grow together, though no evidence was adduced in
confirmation of this, and the facts known pointed the other way. I referred
it to O. xX excellens (O. R., ii., p. 201), but the point has since been
disputed. A plant exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., at
Manchester, as O. X harvengtense, appeared to be only a distinct variety
of O. triumphans, but the curious thing is that it is said to have come in
an importation of O. crispum. Several times recently I have seen plants
of O. triumphans said to have come out of crispum importations, and have
thought that the plants have been accidentally mixed, for they have
hitherto come from different districts, but the question arises whether the
two grow anywhere intermixed. A little group staged at Manchester by
Messrs. Charlesworth, contained O. crispum, triumphans, harvengtense,
and what I take to be a form of O. Pescatorei, and these are said to have
come together tied to sticks in the usual way they are imported. But does
this necessarily prove that they grew, and were collected, together ?

One thing, however, is certain, and that is that we do not yet know all
about the distribution of O. crispum in a wild state. For many years it
has been imported from Pacho and neighbouring districts, where it has
been found intermixed with O. gloriosum, luteopurpureum, and
Lindleyanum, and out of these importations examples of the hybrids, O.
x Andersonianum, xX Wilckeanum, X Coradinei, X mulus, and X
acutissimum have continually appeared. Then O. ‘Hunnewellianum was
discovered in some region, we believe, north of Bogota, and, still later, O.
crispum was found in this very district, and together with it the charming
little hybrid O. x Adrianz. It flowered unexpectedly among importations
of O. crispum from a new district, and among them were examples of O.
Hunnewellianum itself, which removed any remaining doubt about the
origin of O. X Adrianz, which is precisely intermediate between them.

It is evident that O. crispum and O. Hunnewellianum hybridise together
very freely, for the forms of O. x Adriane are already numerous, and as
variable as these hybrids usually are. It includes forms with both light

168 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

yellow and white grounds, and even some suffused with light rose, together
with variations in size and in the amount of spots. The group shown by
Messrs. Linden, at Manchester, contained several distinct forms, one called
fascinator having the sepals slightly suffused, and a large brown blotch above
the middle with a few smaller ones below, and the petals paler and the
spots smaller, but similar in arrangement. Some flowers sent by Messrs.
Linden illustrate the variation in question. Three very pretty forms have
appeared in the collection of M. Henri Graire, of Amiens, one having a
white ground, another light yellow, and a third suffused with rose, all being
well spotted. Several other forms have recently been mentioned.

O. X WENDLANDIANUM.—It is desirable to clear up the origin of
O. X Wendlandianum (Rolfe in Gard. Chron. 1889, vi, p. 6), which
flowered with Messrs. F. Sander & Co., in 1889. It was reported to have
come from Popayan with O. crispum Lehmanni, and O. cirrhosum was
doubtfully suggested as the second parent. Last year Messrs. Linden,
flowered a plant out of one of their crispum importations, which I recognised
as identical, and now a second one has appeared which possibly throws
some light on its origin. Mr. Schuster believes that it comes with crispum
importations from the Hunnewellianum district, also the well-known
O. gloriosum, and suggests its descent from these two species. This at first
struck me as possible, but on comparison I fail to find any influence of
O. Hunnewellianum in it, and the purple suffusion in the sepals can, I think
only have come from O. crispum. The crest, too, is very distinct, and
shows a marked approach to the curious thread-like character of O. crinitum,
Rchb. f., which also would account for the acuminate spotted sepals, and
the deltoid, acuminate spotted lip almost as well as O. gloriosum, if only it
could be proved to grow with O. crispum. _ Its exact habitat, however, seems
doubtful, being vaguely recorded as Eastern New Granada, and I do not
hear of it being re-imported.

A question which has been previously discussed is the existence of
secondary hybrids in the genus, and it has been suggested that the remark-
able O. X Coradinei mirabile is possibly a secondary cross between O. X
Coradinei and O. crispum. We have also one suggested as a possible cross
between O. X Wilckeanum and O. crispum. In such cases, however,
there is always the possibility of one parent obtaining a preponderating
influence over the other, and thus giving a misleading impression. The
thing then to look for is a hybrid showing characters derived from three
different species. Such a plant must be a secondary hybrid, and for a long
time [ failed to find such a plant. Now, however, such evidence comes to
hand.

The first case is a plant from Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., which
looks like a light, little-spotted O. x Andersonianum with the very

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 169

characteristic blotch of O. Lindleyanum on the lip. There is also a trace
of the more entire column wings of the last-named. Unless appearances
are misleading, it is impossible to deny the absence of either crispum,
gloriosum, or Lindleyanum in it. A cross between O. X Andersonianum
and O. X Coradinei would be crispum 4, and gloriosum and Lindleyanum
each 4, and this cross might be anticipated to produce such a hybrid.

The second case isa plant from Messrs. F. Sander and Co., and looks
like O. x Andersonianum, with the sepals and petals enlarged to 2} inches
long, the side teeth of the crest slightly developed, and the column wings
toothed to the base behind the cirrhus-like apex. A cross between O. X
Andersonianum and O. X Wilckeanum (crispum 4, and gloriosum and
luteopurpureum each +) might yield such a hybrid. The characters do not .
admit of a suggestion of its being either an anomalous form of either O. X
Andersonianum or O. X Wilckeanum. The sepals are suffused with light
rose and spotted with brown, and the petals paler and less spotted.

The appearance of these plants should stimulate some of our hybridists
to make a few experiments.

R. A. ROLFE.
(To be continued.)

ACINETA HRUBYANA (COLOSSA).

AT a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, held on August 23rd last,
a plant was exhibited by F. W. Moore, Esq., of Glasnevin, under the name
of Acineta colossa, Sander, to which a Botanical Certificate was given. The
flowers were light whitish-yellow, with a few dull purple markings towards
the base of the lip, and the column pubescent (O. R., vi. p. 287). The
species has now flowered in the collection of Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead
Park, near Epsom, and, although distinct from the species usually met with
in gardens, is, I believe, identical with A. Hrubyana, Rchb. f. (Gard. Chron.,
1882, xviii. p. 102) which is very rare in cultivation, if not quite lost sight of.
It was described from a plant in the collection of Baron Hruby, of Holde,
Bohemia. It is said to have been imported from New Granada, by Mr.
Sander. It was described as differing from all known species of the genus
in the narrow, erect side partition of the lip, and in the white colour of the
flowers, which have only a few purple spots inside the lip. I should
describe it, however, as pale whitish yellow rather than white, for I have
seen living flowers cut from Baron Hruby’s original plant. The Acinetas
are very distinct in their Stanhopea-like habit and dense pendulous racemes
of very fleshy flowers, and give a pleasing variety to a miscellaneous
collection.

RAs Ke

170 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

OwiNG to the long-continued cold winds and rain, together with the
comparative absence of sunshine, Orchids are exceptionally late this year,
and, unless a rapid change takes place, the period of maximum brilliancy
will be deferred until well into June; indeed, we have seen the somewhat
unusual sight of Odontoglossum crispum being hurried along in heat in
order to get the flowers open in time for the Temple Show, a practice
which must inevitably result in a falling-off in quality. Of course,
spikes which pushed early enough open without such assistance, but
these are, this season, fewer than usual. Cattleyas and Lelias are also
correspondingly backward, and some that are open show a deterioration
in the sepals, owing to the long spell of dull weather and the time they
have been opening. The same thing is sometimes seen in C. Trianz
early in the season, and doubtless arises from the exposure of the sepals
to atmospheric impurities, from which the petals and lip are protected,
owing to their interior position. A spell of cold, dull weather which
retards the opening of the buds is likely to cause this defect.

Lelia purpurata flowers abundantly at this season and is always one of
the mainstays of the big Shows. A series of flowers from different
collections shows well the amount of variation usually met with. Eight fine,
well-grown forms are sent from the collection of H. W. Elliott, Esq.,
Elmfield, Selly Gak, by Mr. Darby. The more typical ones vary from
white to pale lilac in- the sepals and petals, with lip very rich purple, more
or less tipped with white in front, and the throat varying from white to
yellow lined with purple. Another is near var. Russelliana, being suffused
with lilac-purple round the throat, and the veins rather darker, with
the sepals and petals white. Eight others come from Mr. C. Young, of
West Derby, Liverpool, and include a beautiful white form slightly tinged
and veined with pale lilac round the throat, and thus near the variety
Schroeder. Two others are very dark, the purple extending back along
the sides lobes and also nearly obliterating the white in front, and one of
these has also lilac-rose sepals and petals, approaching var. blenheimensis.
A fourth, with white sepals and petals and a clear white area at the apex
of the lip, is almost the old var. pratexta, while a fifth closely approaches
var. Russelliana, having the lip large, rosy-lilac, darker near the light-yellow
throat, and the sepals and petals tinged with lilac. The others are more
typical. A very good form is sent from the collection of D. M. Grimsdale,
Esq., of Uxbridge, in which the petals are broad and retain their shape
better than in most others, which appear narrower owing to the way they
reflex. The sepals and petals are white with the lip rich purple.

Lelia Boothiana is a rather rare but pretty, purple-flowered species of :

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 171

which we have received a flower from Mr. William Brooks, of Weston-
super- Mare. |

Two fine forms of Cattleya Mossiz are sent from the collection of R. B.
Macbean, Esq., of Lancaster, from imported plants. One has a large
amount of crimson veining on the front lobe of the lip, and the other, very
large but fairly typical. A very beautiful flower, excellent in shape and
richly coloured, is sent from the collection of J. Wilson Potter, Esq., of
Croydon. This species is now flowering in quantity, and is remarkably
variable in colour and deliciously fragrant.

A charming, pure white form of Odontoglossum crispum, with the usual
clear yellow disc, is sent from the collection of D. M. Grimsdale, Esq., of
Uxbridge. The raceme bears ten flowers, and the segments are broad and
compact. With it are enclosed a more typical form of the species, a light
form of O. triumphans with much yellow on the sepals and petals, the
beautiful O. citrosmum, and flowers of Dendrobium Devonianum, which
also is very effective just now.

A good inflorescence of the clear, bright yellow Oncidium concolor is
sent from the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., of Teignmouth, together with
the handsome Cattleya Schilleriana and a good form of Odontoglossum
Hallii.

A form of Cattleya Mossiz is sent from the collection of Major-General
Gillespie, Brynderwen, Usk, in which the front lobe of the lip is of a slaty-
blue shade. Good typical examples of Odontoglossum triumphans and
Lzlia purpurata are also enclosed.

ODONTOGLOSSUM x DENISONIZ.

A STRIKING and very beautiful variety of Odontoglossum x Denisoniz has
appeared in the collection of the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P.,
Highbury, Birmingham. The ground colour is pure white, with a faint
flush of rose in the sepals, each of which bears a transverse red-brown
blotch below the middle, and a rounder, irregular one nearer the apex.
The petals bear about three or four roundish spots near the middle, while
the lip has two or three small blotches on either side of the crest and a
larger one in front. On account of the white ground, it might pass for a
form of O. crispum, were it not that the sides of the crest are developed
jnto distinct teeth, as in other forms of this hybrid; the shape is also
modified from that of typcil O. crispam. The petals are an inch broad at
the base and somewhat to ih21 121 1 1Julate, and the richly-coloured spots
show very effectively on the clear white ground. It is much more spotted
than the original form, though nearer to it than most others which have
subsequently appeared.

172 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
CYPRIPEDIUM x SALLIERI.

Was the original Cypripedium X Sallieri a wild or an artificial hybrid ?
This question has several times been asked, and some two years ago I
collected together all the evidence I could find upon the subject (Orch. Rev.
V, pp- 51, 52), without finding a satisfactory answer. The question has
been re-opened by “H.R. R.” (Journ. of Hort., April 6, p. 269), as
follows :—

‘““CYPRIPEDIUM SALLIERI HyEANUM.—I recently noted a fine form of
this variety flowering from an importation of C. insigne in one of our
largest London nurseries. I was rather glad to have further proof that
this is a natural hybrid, for possibly some of our readers may remember
the very oracular criticism in the ORCHID REVIEW of my notes on the subject
in the Journal of Horticulture some two years ago. Possibly the criticism
was ‘a feeler,’ for most of the people who hold such strong and certain
views on these botanical questions are not above getting a hint from practi-
cal growers, who usually find out the truth of what they are writing before
committing themselves. Be this as it may, there can be no doubt—indeed,
there was none before—that this Cypripedium occurs in a wild state. It is
rather quaint to read that because C. insigne and C. villosum grow and are
collected many miles apart, that therefore the possibility of a hybrid
between them occurring is remote. Who, that has handled a number of C.
insigne, has not noticed, in many cases, the villosum petals, with their lines of
deeper colour on one side? I may say that in quite a number of cases it
would be difficult indeed to say what the flower was, provided the upper °
sepal was taken off and orily the lip and petals left. They are certainly
more like villosum than insigne.”’ :

Thus ‘‘ H. R. R.” disposes of the matter to his own entire satisfaction,
but I cannot help wishing he had told us a little more. However, I will
take the liberty of asking him a few questions, and thus prove his remark,
that I am “ not above getting a hint from practical growers ”’ :—

1. Where did the importation of C. insigne which he speaks about
come from ?

2. Did any true villosum appear in the same importation ?

3- As the recorded habitats of the two species are about five hundred
miles apart, by what natural agency does he suggest that the pollen was
transported ?

4. Will he send me a flower of one of the numerous cases where, on
the dorsal sepal being removed, it would be difficult to say whether the plant
was villosum or insigne? I never yet saw among the hundreds of insignes
examined any approach to the shaggy ovary of villosum.

It would also be quite legitimate to ask if, when a writer collects

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 173

the evidence on a question pro and con, and points out that some of
it is: contradictory, and the rest inconclusive either way, this can
be called ‘‘very oracular criticism”? Also, what are the “strong and
certain views on these botanical questions” which I hold ?

If ‘““H. R. R.” thinks I have denied the existence of C. X Sallieri asa
wild plant, I would ask him to read my article again, and a little more care-
fully. If the records are as true as ‘‘H. R. R.” asserts, we may assume (I)
that C. x Sallieri occurs wild, (2) that it occurs in Khasia, and (3) that
villosum grows there also; in which case it ought to be found in the same
importations.

Here are questions which it is open to anyone to answer :—

1. Where do the large importations of C. insigne montanum come
from ?

2. What is the habitat of the C. villosum recently sold as a new
species ?

3. Do these two species grow anywhere intermixed ?

And while we are about it we might as well have a general clearing up,
therefore :—

4. What evidence have we as to the existence of C. X Leeanum and
C. x Arthurianum as natural hybrids? See Orch. Rev., vi., p. 76.

Several very interesting questions await solution, and I would earnestly
commend them to the attention of ‘‘ H. R. R.” and others.

BeAr R:

LZLIA JONGHEANA.

Ir is a matter of considerable interest that the rare and beautiful Lelia
Jongheana has been re-introduced, and that a first flower has expanded
with Mr. A. J. Keeling, Cottingley, Bingley, Yorks. Mr. Keeling states
that it is from an importation sold last year by Messrs. F. Sander & Co.,
as Lelia species, and that he has other plants showing for flower. The full
history of the species has been given in this work (O. R., iv., p. 278), so
that it is only necessary to add that the flower is bright rose-purple, with
the throat and keels of the lip orange-yellow. The keels are eight in
number, very prominent, and undulate in front, and thus the species comes
nearest to L. Dayana, though the flowers-are far larger, the sepals and
petals measuring 3} inches long. The plant is also larger, and owing to
the shape of the concave leaves, and the pseudobulbs it can but be com-
pared with L. longipes in these characters. Now that it has been re-
introduced we hope to meet with it much more frequently in future.

R. A.

oe

174 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

NATIONAL ORCHID SOCIETY OF INDIA.

THE formation of this Society, which is due to the initiative of Mr. P. 5S.
Chattergee, the well-known Calcutta nurseryman, was mentioned in my
previous notes at page 140, and its first show, which was held at the
Victoria Nursery, Narcoledangan, Calcutta, from March 6th to 12th last,
in connection with Mr. Chattergee’s Annual Orchid Show, was really the
starting point of the Society. Several members exhibited handsome
collections, so as to give to this first Orchid féte all its beauty; no less than
eight competitors entered, and, we may say, that it has totally surpassed all
anticipation.

The Victoria Nursery is splendidly adapted for such a féte, and its large
conservatories were laid out—with a great deal of taste—with rock-works,
artificial undulations of the ground, as well as a lake, all in the very best
condition for an Orchid show.

We must first mention M. Chattergee’s exhibit, being the largest, and
certainly the finest, as far as varieties and number of plants go. It.
occupied the whole of the first conservatory, a building over 300 feet long.
Our favourites were suspended amongst foliage plants, an excellent idea,
which is far superior to crowded groups, where many interesting things are
often lost from sight. There could be seen beautiful representatives of our
Oriental Orchid flora, as well as others, and we were much interested in
noticing the numerous variations amongst one of our commonest Orchids,
Dendrobium nobile, including D. n. nobilius, Cooksonianum, Sanderianum,
as well as D. n. album, a beautiful white form, which would be welcome in
some of our home sale rooms.

D. aggregatum, and its variety majus, were also conspicuous, together
with D. Farmeri and D. chrysotoxum. A well-flowered specimen of D.
undulatum bearing four long spikes, and a few late D. Phalznopsis, were
also to be seen. Another Dendrobium also attracted our attention, prob-
ably a variety of D. Johannis. It is a native of Australia, of dwarf habit,
bearing a spike about 9 to 12 inches long, with brownish flowers in the
shape of a small D. undulatum. Very handsome also was D. lituiflorum
var. Fremanni, bearing richly-coloured flowers. It is very seldom seen in
European collections. :

Phalznopses were simply delightful, and we appreciated them as a
home Orchid grower would do, but, as a matter of fact, they do thrive
wonderfully well over here, and are found in every Indian collection ;
P. Schilleriana, amabilis and grandiflora were represented by nothing under
six or seven dozen. No word can express such a beautiful display.

Paphiopedilums were represented by P. insigne, exul, venustum, Spicer-
ianum, and callosum, and Oncidiums by some fine specimens of O.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 175

Cavendishianum, ampliatum majus, luridum, and splendidum. Always
bright is the little Broughtonia sanguinea, which seems to do fairly well
here. Cattleyas were also represented by C. Lueddemanniana (speciossima),
Trianz, Mendelii, and a pretty form of C. intermedia, although their
culture presents a certain amount of difficulty over here. Phaius Wallichii
was also beautiful, bearing spikes two feet long with a quantity of flowers.
Here Phaius are mostly planted out, and are far ahead of anything of the
kind seen at home. The latter portion of the above-mentioned plants were
grouped with excellent taste in a small glass house.

Amongst other exhibits we must mention the collection of Mr. Dooly

Chand, to which was awarded the great medal. His Orchids were
distributed amongst a beautiful lot of foliage plants, and were tastefully
arranged. Here a strong specimen of Stauropsis Batemanii (Vanda
gigantea), bearing seven large flowers, called our attention, as well as a
curious form of Cymbidium somewhat close to aloifolium, and various
kinds of Dendrobes and Oncidiums, for which the competitor took special
prizes.
Two gold mdals were awarded to M. Joy Gobind Law, C.I.E. The
first was for the largest collection of any Orchids in flower, amongst which
we noticed Lelia glauca, Broughtonia sanguinea, Dendrobium undulatum,
D. albosanguineum, D. superbum, D. crepidatum, Oncidium splendidum,
O. Cavendishianum, and various others. The second was for the largest
group of Phalenopsis in flower. This exhibit was a real gem, although
mostly composed of P. Schilleriana and amabilis, of excellent culture.
We noticed several variations amongst Schilleriana, chiefly in the spotting
of the sepals and lips.

A Silver Medal was awarded to the head gardener of Eden Gardens,
Calcutta , for the largest collection of Phaius in flower. Although there
was only P. Wallichii, the display was really great. Some of the spikes
were about two feet high, and the flowers so richly-coloured as to remind
us of those of the beautiful P. x Cooksoni.

Amongst other competitors who took first prizes, we must mention
Mr. A. K Rose and Mr. H. E. Gatche, the former showing an interest-
ing group of Paphiopedilums. Prizes for Aérides, Calanthe, Cattleya,
Cymbidium, Odontoglossum, Saccolabium, and Vanda, were not competed
for, it being a little too early for such varieties to bloom.

It ought to be mentioned that Mr. Chattergee did not enter into any of
the competitions, and that the success of the abov. show is mostly due to
his generosity. Our esteemed friend is actuall: building a permanent
house for the Society, to be called, with His Excellency Lord Curzon’s
permission, the Curzon House, where the N. O.S.I. will be able to hold
its future shows,

176 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The Society intends holding exhibitions at different parts of India in
connection with some provincial flower show, to encourage the cultivation
of Orchids, which is just beginning in this country. Periodicals will be
published on special subjects dealing with Orchids in India.

The above Society is under the patronage of H.E. the Commander-in-
Chief, and His Honor the Lieut.-Governor of Bengal. The work done by
it has already been appreciated, for the visitors were numerous every day?
and we noticed among them many of our Calcutta leading Society.

We certainly wish this new enterprise the most brilliant success.

A. GRIESSEN.

FEEDING ORCHIDS.

In reference to your remarks on my note (p. 144), I may say that, before
systematically using the salts referred to, I asked my gardener to use them
regularly on a group of plants in each house, without telling me which they
were, leaving me to discover them by results. In each case I was soon easily
able to pick them out, and everyone who saw them noticed the improve-
ment as compared to the plants not so treated. After this I had no
hesitation in regularly using the salts on all growing plants, and feel
thoroughly satisfied that moderate applications of plant food are an
advantage. Manure-water I do not believe in, for many obvious reasons,
but a pure solution of salts is a very different thing.

NORMAN C. COOKSON.

ORGHID SALE AT MANCHESTER.

A sALE of duplicate and surplus Orchids from the collection of F. Hardy,
Esq., was held on the premises, Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey, on May
16th and 17th, Messrs. Protheroe and Morris being the Auctioneers.
Some good prices were realised for choice things, a plant of Cypripedium
Fred Hardy being sold for 50 guineas, C. xX J. H. Veitch with two
growths 80 guineas, a smaller plant with one growth 52 guineas, C.
insigne Sandere 31 guineas, Lelio-cattleya x bella 46 guineas, L.-c. X
Pallas superba 40 guineas, L.-c. x Macfarlanei 22 guineas, a fine Cattleya
Mendelii 45 guineas, C. M. Quorndon House var. 42 guineas, C. Mossiz
Wageneri 21 guineas, Lelia purpurata Hardyana 18 guineas, and L.
anceps Amesiz 14 guineas. The sale realised on the first day about
£1,100, and on the second, £800. Many of the leading buyers were
represented.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 177

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM HELIOTROPIUM.

SEVERAL choice and distinct forms of Odontoglossum crispum have already
appeared in these pages, and now we give a figure of the beautiful O. c.
heliotropium, from the collection of R. Brooman White, Esq., of
Arddarroch, which received a First-class. Certificate from the Royal
Horticultural Society on April 27th, 1897. The photograph reproduced,
together with one of the entire raceme, and a living flower were kindly
sent by Mr. White at the time, and were noted in our pages (supra v.
pp. 131, 158). The shape and details of the flower, as will be seen, are
excellent, and the ground colour is bright lilac-rose with red-brown spots,
those on the petals being smaller and more numerous. The flower sent

ect

Fic. 12. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM HELIOTROPIUM.
was not large, measuring three inches from tip to tip of the petals, but the
raceme was compact, and bore eleven flowers, so that it will probably
improve in this respect as the plant gains in strength. Size is largely a
matter of culture. Our reproduction is the actual size of the flower sent.
It is remarkable what a number of distinct varieties of this beautiful
species have appeared, and a large number of the named ones would stand
the test of close comparison side by side. Now that the raising of
Odontoglossums from seed is being attended with more success, we may
hope someone will try the effect of crossing these choice varieties together.

178 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JUNE.
By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

THE temperatures and general management of the various houses advised
in last month’s Calendar should be continued during the present month, and
the details should be well attended to, as they are most important, in order
that steady growth should be maintained,

The Cattleya house has been extremely gay of late, and during the
present month there will still continue to be a brilliant show. Leelias
purpurata and tenebrosa, Cattleyas Mossi# and Mendelii, Miltonia
vexillaria and Odontoglossum citrosmum, have all largely contributed to the
display with their showy flowers. All of them start to grow away immedi-
ately the blooming period is over, and no time should therefore be lost
before the necessary re-potting and top-dressing is completed, so that they
may at once make use of their first and best roots. I have in previous
Calendars fully described the methods of re-potting, and advised that it
should not be done too frequently, simply for the sake of doing it whether
wanted or not, so that it is now only necessary to call attention to two of
them particularly.

The first is Miltonia vexillaria, which, as I have before said, may either
be re-potted during the first or second month of the year, or left until
blooming is past, whichever way is found in practice to succeed the best. I
find it is best not to leave them longer than two years without turning them
right out and supplying wholly new materials, which should consist of
equal portions of peat and moss. At whatever season of the year re-potting
takes place, it is always the safer plan to employ small pots, in accordance :
with the size of the plants, for too much pot room is frequently the primary
cause of collapse. They may sometimes have been seen growing luxuriantly
in very large pots, but that is only when the position and the general
conditions suit them exactly, and when such is the case one can scarcely
do wrong with them. If they are grown in the Cattleya house, in smallish
pots, kept perfectly free from yellow thrip, a good amount of water given
during summer and a very limited supply during winter, this species will
generally respond very willingly, and suffer nothing from re-potting.

The second which I wish to mention is Odontogl2ssum citrosmum, which,
I am bound to say, takes some little time before it thoroughly recovers from
a real shaking out. Bearing this in mind, one must be careful to disturb
the roots as little as possible, and only to re-pot the plants when really
necessary. I like to grow this species in baskets or pans, using good fibrous
peat alone, and pressing it in firmly, which keeps the roots in a good, sound
condition for a long time. If grown in the conditions of the Cattleya house,
watered pretty freely from now throughout the summer, and kept very dry

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 179

throughout the winter, they will, when well established, produce enormous
pseudobulbs, yielding in their turn fine spikes of bloom.

Vanda teres is a most lovely species, and fully deserves a place in
every collection. It is not in the least difficult to grow, but under some
circumstances is shy to bloom. Some of them appear to bloom much
more easily than others. The best way to grow this species is in pots, in
the centre of which a stout teak rod should be firmly fixed, round which a
dozen to two dozen plants should be tied in position until they are made
firm by their own roots, which soon happens. All that is then required is
that they should be placed in a sunny position in a warm house, such, for
instance, as the south end of a stove, where they should remain unshaded,
and where they can easily be syringed several times daily. Such is the way
they are grown at Parkfield Hallow, and when in flower nothing could form
a grander sight. Vanda Hookeriana is another beauty, and I may mention
that it is similarly treated with the same happy results.

Lelia anceps and other inmates of the Mexican department are now
growing and rooting freely. This house, having no shading and
consequently requiring large volumes of air to prevent burning, will
naturally soon become dried up. In order to prevent the atmosphere from
getting too parched, the flowers and between the pots should be damped
down pretty frequently throughout the hottest part of the day. They
should also receive a thorough good syringing overhead the first thing in
the morning, which will do a great amount of good, and supply their wants
in this respect until well on in the day. Towards evening, when the heat
from the sun is declining, they should again receive a good syringing,
bearing in mind always to use lukewarm water for this purpose. Any
flowers that may be opened will not be disfigured or injured in the least,
provided a little warmth is maintained in the hot water pipes during the
nights. If this is not so, the flowers soon become spotted with the moisture,
and are spoilt. The inmates of the Cattleya house also delight in the
above treatment as to overhead syringing.

Diacrium bicornutum is now in flower, and among white flowering
Orchids there are few more delicate and beautiful. It is a pity that it will
not grow well unless in a strong, moist heat, in fact, it is almost useless to
attempt its cultivation unless the conditions of the East Indian house are
at hand. There it grows freely enough, seeming to relish about the same
atmospheric treatment as is given to the genus Phalenopsis. Small
hanging pans or baskets are preferable, and a liberal amount of water
should be given throughout the growing season.

Epidendrum prismatocarpum is an easily-grown species, and the good
varieties are most beautiful and attractive. The racemes appear from
the top of the last-formed pseudobulbs, and are erect and about a foot

i80 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

long, bearing many flowers, the sepals and petals of which are more or less
yellow, covered with purple blotches, and the lip rose-coloured. In some
varieties these blotches are intensely bright and cheerful, which, of course,
assists in making the good variety. It should now be in bloom, and large,
well-grown plants are always admired, and formerly were much used as
specimen plants for exhibition. It is best grown in pots, well drained, and
in the usual compost of peat and moss in equal parts, and prefers rather
a warm temperature, such as the Cattleya house. They may also be well
grown in an ordinary stove.

Epidendrum vitellinum is a beautiful species, well known to all
Orchidists, and is largely imported and cultivated. It usually admits of
easy growth if placed with the Odontoglossums in the coolest department,
with plenty of water during summer and but little during winter. The
flower spikes are now pushing up apace, and will open next month and
brighten up this department when the glut of Odontoglossum crispum,
Masdevallias, &c., is past. Re-potting is not often necessary, as it resents
root disturbance, though it should be kept nicely top-dressed, and always
secured firmly if at all unstable. It then gives but little trouble, and will
eventually produce fine, fat pseudobulbs, pleasing to look upon.

Epidendrum atropurpureum (macrochilum) is another very striking
species when well grown and flowered. The spikes are about twelve to
eighteen inches long, erect, carrying from six to twelve rather large,
substantial flowers, the sepals and petals being brown and the lip purple or
white with a large, purple blotch round the base—forming altogether a very
attractive flower. It is a species which requires a good deal of heat during
the summer months to grow it well, and is best grown in a basket
suspended near the glass in the warmest department.

Epidendrum nemorale is another belonging to the same section as the
last-named, and is a neat and pretty species, requiring a good amount of
_ warmth and moisture when growing, but during the winter a good, dry rest
in the Cattleya house, such as is given to Catasetums, Mormodes, Lzelias,
Dendrobiums, &c. Epidendrums Wallisii, xanthinum, Cooperianum,
radicans, evectum, tovarense, syringothyrsus, and X O’Brienianum are
other very desirable kinds, belonging to the slender, reed-like growing
section, for all of which Intermediate treatment is admirably suited. They
revel in copious supplies of water during summer, and during winter they
must never be dried too much, or they may suffer, their manner of growth
not being adapted to long droughts.

Epidendrum (Nanodes) Meduse is an extremely curious and striking
species, and has short, leafy stems, though, instead of growing erect as
others do, the weight of its thick, fleshy leaves soon causes them to take a
pendulous direction. The flowers, which are produced singly or in pairs

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 181

from the apex of the completed new growths, are perhaps more curious
than beautiful, yet there is something very striking and unusual in the deep
purple, heavily-fringed lip which takes the eye immediately, and altogether
it is a most desirable Cool-house species. It should be grown in pans or
baskets, and suspended in the Odontoglossum house, and in other respects
treated exactly as the other inmates.

Bulbophyllums and Cirrhopetalums are small, Britis growing plants,
and give a great deal of pleasure and interest in return for the small space
required to grow them. Some of the latter especially are most wonderful
in the fantastical colouring and formation of their flowers. They are all
best grown in small pans or baskets, and if a shelf or some such position
can be secured for them pretty near or, say, about two feet from the roof in
a Warm house, their wants are supplied to a nicety. When growing, their
treatment as regards water should be exactly as for Dendrobiums, a liberal
quantity being given, and, when growth is completed, their resting season
also corresponds to that genus.

Trichopilia (Pilumna) fragrans is a lovely species, which should be
treated exactly like its nearest allies, the majority of which are now, or
have lately been, in bloom. Some of these are particularly handsome, the
best three perhaps being T. suavis, T. coccinea, and their varieties. They
all thrive well grown in equal parts of peat and moss, in Intermediate
temperature, and must never be allowed to get into a sour condition at the
roots for want of re-potting, which should be done about once in two years.
A pretty good supply of water is essential while growing, but care should
be taken not to overdo them with it, or the roots perish, and a disease, in
the form of black marks and spots, carries them off eventually. They may
also be well cultivated in pans or baskets, and perhaps these are to be pre-
ferred, for then they may be suspended when in bloom, which is the better
plan, as the flowers are produced on short stems, and reach very little
beyond the rim of the pot in which they are growing, so that, unless sus-
pended, their full beauty is partly lost.

There is much now to interest the enthusiastic grower, not in the show
of bloom so much as in the growth and general prosperity of his plants.
On every hand healthy new breaks and roots are appearing, and it is one of
his chief pleasures to watch them and remark such progress on each visit.
All will be well if previous cultural instructions are observed, and a sharp
watch kept for deadly enemies in the shape of insect pests, none of which
should be allowed to exist. Take particular care that the Cattleya fly is
not allowed to breed on any recently-imported Cattleyas, otherwise serious
apprehension may be felt for the following year.

182 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
ORCHIDS AT GHENT.

ORcHIDS were well represented at the Great Horticultural Exhibition
promoted by the Ligue Horticole ‘‘ L’Union ” for East Flanders, which was
held from April 30th to May gth, being opened on the former date by
H.R.H. Prince Albert of Belgium.

M. Ch. Vuylsteke, Loochristy, exhibited a very striking lot of artificially-
raised hybrid Odontoglossums, consisting of O. X loochristiense, O. X
spectabile and O. X Rolfez, with beautiful varieties of each, which,
however, were all specifically named. He was unanimously awarded the
first prize of 500 francs, together with a work of art.

The same exhibitor gained the first prize, and a table-service for twenty-
four persons, for a group of seventy-five Orchids. It included Odonto-
glossum ioplocon and other fine species, Masdevallia Veitchiana grandiflora,
Houtteana, coccinea Lindeni, and others, the handsome Miltonia X
Bleuana, M. vexillaria virginalis, a very fine Cymbidium Lowianum, &c.

M. Vuylsteke also obtained the first prize and a Gold Medal for thirty
Odontoglossums, the most noteworthy being O. luteopurpureum hystrix,
particularly fine; O. X cuspidatum xanthoglossum, O. triumphans, O. t.
maximum, particularly fine; a very good O. x excellens, O. gloriosum, and
O. crispum guttatum.

For ten Masdevallias, M. Vuylsteke was also first, his group including
M. Veitchiana grandiflora, M. Harryana splendens, M. ignea aurea, M. i.
majestica, &c.

M. A. A. Peeters, of Brussels, obtained the first prize and a work of art
for the best fifty Orchids, specially noteworthy being Cattleya Schilleriana,
a superb C. Mendelii, C. Warneri, C. X Parthenia gratissima, Cochlioda
vulcanica grandiflora, Odontoglossum crispum guttato-violaceum, beau-
tifully tinted and spotted, O. Hallii leucoglossum, O. Ruckerianum, various
Miltonias, &c.

For a collection of twenty-five Orchids, Messrs. E. Praet & Co., Mont
St. Amand, obtained the first prize and a work of art, the group includin
Ccelogyne cristata, Cattleya Schroeder, Odontoglossum X Ruckerianum,
Vanda tricolor, Cypripedium villosum, C. X Dauthieri, Miltontas, &c.

Messrs. E. Praet & Co. also obtained the prize for the best Epidendrum,
the best Cymbidium Lowianum, Oncidium sarcodes, also the finest Cattleya
Mossiz. .

For the best Cypripedium, M. Jules Hye-Leysen took the first prize
and a Silver Medal, with C. x Flamingo, a fine variety of C. x Calypso.

A similar award went to the same exhibitor for the best Lezelio-cattleya,
a beautiful hybrid between Lelia purpurata and Cattleya Lawrenceana.

M. Jules Hye also secured first prizes for the charming Dendrobium

THE ORCHID REVIEW 183

nobile Ballianum, for a large plant of Dendrobium Boxallii with a dozen
blooms, for a fine Odontoglossun triumphans, for Angraecum sesquipedale
with ten blooms, for Cattleya Lawrenceana Hyeana, with a deep-purple
lip, and for the best Masdevallia, with the orange-red M. X Pourbaixii.

M. Van Beerleere, Mont-St.-Amand, showed groups of thirty and
fifteen Cypripediums. He had also the best dozen examples of one species
suitable for use in apartments, Odontoglossum crispum.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co. showed a fine natural hybrid Odontoglossum,
called O. X Prince Albert, with handsome yellow flowers blotched with
brown.

MANCHESTER ROYAL BOTANICAL AND HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.

THE great annual Whitsuntide show of this Society was held at the
Gardens, Old Trafford, from May 19th to 25th, and, as usual, attracted a
large number of Orchids, though the display was not equal to that seen on
several previous occasions, and the very few exhibits from amateurs was
specially remarked. For this falling off, however, several causes may be
assigned, which, collectively, must have had some influence on the exhibits.
The season is very backward, in proof of which we may mention that Mr.
Statter, who for the last four years has carried off the prize for the best
Cattleyas and Leelias, failed to get his plants out in time. Then the great
Temple Show on this occasion followed almost immediately ; besides which,
there is a slight falling off in the prizes, and we do not notice any special
awards in the schedule, as on some previous occasions. Added to this,
there is a feeling, which was voiced by Mr. Thompson, at the luncheon,
that the show is too long, and that the plants suffer in consequence.
The trade exhibits, however, were numerous and good, as will be seen from
the following report. The arrangements for the show were in the hands of
Mr. P. Weathers, secretary and curator, and were admirably carried out.
The Judges for Orchids were: Mr. A. Hislop, gr. to H. S. Leon, Esq.,
of Bletchley Park, and Mr. W. H. Young, Orchid grower to Sir Frederick
Wigan, of East Sheen.

The first prize for the best collection of Orchids in bloom (nurserymen)
was carried off by Mr. James Cypher, of Cheltenhem, with a splendid
group which filled the end of the exhibition house, and was very tastefully’
arranged in two curved bays. In the background were many good examples
of Lelia purpurata, with a few other large things, as Cymbidium Lowianum,
Epidendrum radicans, E. X O’Brienianum, &c., while suspended in the
centre were a number of well-flowered examples of Oncidium concolor and
Sophronitis grandiflora, the scarlet and yellow forming a very effective

184 THE ORCHID REVIEW

contrast. There were also some good Miltonia vexillaria. Other note-
worthy things were a fine Cattleya Skinneri, C. Schilleriana, some fine
C. Mendelii and Mossiz, several C. citrina, C. Aclandiz, Epidendrum
vitellinum, the remarkable Lelia Digbyana, some good L. cinnabarina, fine
examples of Rodriguezia fragrans and Leptotes bicolor, both covered with
flowers, Phalznopsis Lueddemanniana with five spikes, various good
Odontoglossums, among which we may enumerate the striking O. Edwardii,
ramosissimum, and good examples of O. crispum, X Andersonianum,
Pescatorei, Rossii, and cirrhosum, Vanda teres, Ada aurantiaca, some good
Masdevallia Veitchiana and Harryana, Oncidium Kramerianum and sarcodes,
Thunia alba, Cypripedium xX Schroederz, hirsutissimum, exul, x Goweri,
and several good C. Rothschildianum, bellatulum, villosum, and Lawrence-
anum, some splendidly grown D. nobile—one specimen having bulbs nearly
4ft. long and crowded with flowers—D. atroviolaceum, Parishii, Bensone,
thyrsiflorum, Devonianum, and other handsome things. The beautiful
Dendrobium X Nestor and a very fine Cypripedium niveum each received
an Award of Merit, and Cattleya Mendelii princeps, which is large and
excellent in shape, a First-class Certificate.

The second prize went to Mr. John Robson, of Altrincham, tor a
large group of well-cultivated plants, including most of the usual showy
species. Our notes include the beautiful Diacrium bicornutum, Phale-
nopsis amabilis, Vanda suavis, three good Phaius Wallichii Sanderianus,
Dendrobium infundibulum, and pulchellum, Oncidium Marshallianum,
Cattleya Skinneri alba, good examples of Odontoglossum crispum, one
fine, nearly white form, bearing fifteen flowers and buds, O. apterum,
Lelia tenebrosa, Cypripedium Mastersianum and Dayanum, and good
examples of many of those mentioned in the preceding group. __

Messrs. Heath and Son, Cheltenham, were third with a smaller group
also containing good examples of the popular Orchids of the season,
including Dendrobium chrysotoxum and Odontoglossum citrosmum.

The corresponding class for amateurs contained no entries.

For the best collection of Cattleyas and Lelias (open) Mr. J. Cypher
was first, with well-grown examples of C. Skinneri, Mossiz, Mendelii,
Lelia purpurata, Digbyana, Lelio-cattleya x Canhamiana, and others.
The second prize went to Messrs. Heath and Son, Cheltenham, who staged
chiefly examples of C. Mossiz and L. purpurata.

For ten specimen Orchids in bloom, made-up plants excluded (open),
Mr. J. Cypher was again first, his examples of Oncidium Marshallianum,
also Calanthe veratrifolia and Dendrobium nobile, being excellent, the
remainder including some good Cattleyas and Lelias, with the graceful
Ccelogyne Dayana. The second prize went to Messrs. Heath and Son,
who staged examples of Odontoglossum citrosmum, Cymbidium Lowianum,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 185

Cypripedium Lawrenceanum, Lelia purpurata, a good Cattleya Skinneri,
and others. T. Harker, Esq., Withington (gr. Mr. Mulloy), was third,
with Dendrobium chrysotoxum, D. Wardianum (nearly over), D.
Devonianum, Cattleya intermedia, C. Schroedere, &c.

Orchids had also been used very effectively in the Hand Bouquets with
which Mr. John Mosley carried of the first prize. We also noticed some
good specimen Orchids in the groups of miscellaneous plants arranged for
effect, one good Oncidium sphacelatum being the only one observed in the
Show.

Six non-competitive groups were staged, to which Gold or Silver Medals
were awarded according to merit.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, received a Gold
Medal for a fine group of well-cultivated plants, in which most of the showy
species of the season were well represented. The special features were
some good forms of Odontoglossum crispum, luteopurpureum, polyxan-
thum, and other species, the brilliant Epilelia x Charlesworthii, and
Epiphronitis X Veitchii, various good Cattleyas and Lezlias, including L. x
Latona with a five-flowered raceme, the pretty Ornithocephalus grandiflorus,
Cypripedium xX Mansellii, the pretty little C. x conco-villosum, an
unnamed hybrid between C. Lawrenceanum and C. Mastersianum, C. X
Gertrude Hollington and others, Maxillaria Sanderiana, Dendrobium Dearei
and atroviolaceum, a fine Oncidium Marshallianum, O. concolor,
Masdevallia ignea, Veitchiana, and various other interesting things.

Messrs. John Cowan & Co., Gateacre, also received a Gold Medal for a
large and effective group, including most of the showy species of the season.
We noted a fine example of Odontoglossum Hallii with a panicle of twenty-
five flowers, O. tripudians, O. Cervantesii, and various others, a good
specimen of Dendrobium Devonianum, D. Jamesianum, Sobralia macrantha,
Rodriguezia fragrans, Oncidiums superbiens and sarcodes, some charming
light forms of Lelia purpurata, good Cattleya citrina and others,
Cypripediums, &c.

The other group which secured a Gold Medal was staged by
L’Horticulture Coloniale, Brussels, and was distinguished by a series of
very beautiful Odontoglossums, both species and hybrids, including several
pretty varieties of O. x Adrianz, X Andersonianum, X Wilckeanum, and
crispum, also O. X cirrho-Hallii, Hunnewellianum, sceptrum, and others,
a good Cochlioda Neetzliana, Cypripedium X Goweri, Miltonia vexillaria,
and other good things. First-class Certificates were given to Odonto-
glossum X Adriane tigrinum, a dark, well-spotted form, and O. crispum
Countess of Derby, bearing a branched raceme of twenty medium-sized
‘flowers, with numerous small, round spots; and Awards of Merit were
given to O. X Ruckerianum Queen Victoria, O. x Adrianz fascinator, with

186 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

tinted ground and a few largish spots, Miltonia vexillaria candidula, and
M. v. vittata.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, staged an effective
group of choice things, to which a Silver Medal was given. Noteworthy in
it were Cattleya Skinneri alba, C. Triane, C. T. alba, Spathoglottis
Kimballiana, Odontoglossum x Adrianz, some good O. crispum, sceptrum,
triumphans, a fine O. X excellens, the pure white O. Pescatorei virginale,
and others. First-class Certificates were given to Cattleya intermedia alba
and Odontoglossum x Andersonianum giganteum.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, also received a Silver Medal
for a choice group, consisting chiefly of hybrids, among which we noted
Epidendrum x radiato-Bowringiana, E. x elegantulum luteum, Spatho-
glottis X aureo-Vieillardii, Lelio-cattleyas X Ascania, X Pallas, x Hyeana
and X Wellsiana, Cattleya x Philo and x intertexta, with a few others.

Mr. D. Gilmour, Sandygate, Sheffield, also received a Silver Medal, his
group containing chiefly good Cattleya Mossie, with examples of C.
Mendelii and Schrcedere, Odontoglossum crispum, X excellens, x Ander-
sonianum and Oncidium Kramerianum. Cattleya Mossiez received an
Award of Merit.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID
| SOCIETY.

AN ordinary Meeting was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on
May 11th, when the members of the Committee present were :—Messrs.
Thompson (in the chair), Shorland Ball, Weathers, Holmes, Stevens,
Johnson, Robson, and Mills (hon. sec.). Mr. De Barri Crawshay, of
Sevenoaks, was also present and was invited to assist the Committee in
their deliberations.

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), showed a well-
grown plant of Angrecum Sanderianum with two large spikes (F.C. &
Cult. C.), Cattleya intermedia alba (F.C.), Cymbidium tigrinum, a well-
cultivated plant of this pretty species carrying six flower spikes (A. M.
& Cult. C.), and a wonderful plant of Dendrobium Devonianum with
nearly five hundred flowers fully expanded (Cult. C.).

G. W. Law-Schofleld, Esq., Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill), showed
Cattleya Skinneri oculata (A. M.), and a very fine form of Cypripedium
Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, which received a First-class Certificate last year.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed Lzlio-
Cattleya X highburyensis.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Odonto-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 187

glossum polyxanthum grandiflorum, an exceptionally fine variety (F.C.),
O. crispum grandiflorum, an immense flower, and the plant well-grown
(Cult. C.), Cattleya Mendelii, and Cattleya Schilleriana.

Dr. E. J. Sidebotham, Bowdon (gr. Mr. Shiner), showed Cypripedium
caudatum.

Duncan Gilmour, Esq., Sheffield (gr. Mr. Day), showed four very fine
forms of Cattleya Mossiz, namely, Sandygate Beauty, grandiflora,
Distinction, and imbricata, the last-named receiving an Award of Merit.

Mr. A. G. Keeling, Bingley, showed Odontoglossum Rossii majus, and
Cattleya Schroedere splendens.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed Cypripedium Rothschildianum
giganteum (A. M.), Diacrium bicornutum, and Cattleya Skinneri alba.

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.

Tue Annual General Meeting was held at the same place at 2.30 p.m.,
and the chair was taken by W. Thompson, Esq., who was supported by a
large number of members. Dr. E. J. Sidebotham, the Hon. Treasurer of
the Society, having presented his balance-sheet, which showed a sum of
£52 in the bank to the credit of the Society after paying all liabilities, Mr.
T. Mills, Hon. Secretary, stated that there had been twenty new members
added during the year; the number of exhibits brought before the Com-
mittee during the year was 773, and the three medals to be awarded to
those members who obtained the highest number of points had been won
as follows :—

Gold Medal ... sae tc J. Leemann, Esq.
Silver-Gilt Medal ... 5 .» d= mtatter, Esq.
Silver Medal ... ae es Saree Ball, Esq.

Mr. Mills concluded by stating that be found he would be unable to con-
tinue the duties of Hon. Secretary, and much regretted to have to resign
that office. A resolution was then passed accepting Mr. Mills’ resignation
with regret, and resolving that a cheque for £10 10s. be handed to him in
recognition of his services during the past year.

The following were then elected members of the Committee :—Messrs.
Thompson, sen es Sete Schofield, Statter, Greenwood, Gratrix,
Warburton, Hodg] tham, Lovell, Parker, Bolton, Rappart, Duck-
worth, Leeann. Guphes, Robson, Holmes; Johnson, Stevens, and Upjohn.

Mr. P. Weathers was appointed Hon. Secretary for the year, and Dr.
E. J. Sidebotham Hon. Treasurer.

Resolutions were then passed deciding that, in future, the painting of
flowers required by the Committee should be done at the expense of the
Society, and that no Cultural Certificates should be awarded in respect of
plants that had not been in the possession of the Exhibitor for twelve
months at the least. .

188 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THERE was again a good display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James’
Street, Westminster, on May 2nd, though the exhibits were less numerous,
and consequently not so crowded, as on the last occasion. The members
of the Committee present were:—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and
Messrs. J. O’Brien) hon. sec.), H. Ballantine, T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman,
W. Cobb, J. Colman, S. Courtauld, De B. Crawshay, J. G. Fowler, J. T.
Gabriel, E. Hill, J. Jaques, H. Little, F. Mason, A. Outram, H. T. Pitt,
W. H. Protheroe, A. H. Smee, T. Statter, W. Thompson, W. H. White,
and W. H. Young.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, (gr. Mr.
White), staged a charming little group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal
was given. It contained a good example of the handsome Cirrhopetalum
Collettii, a very fine specimen of C. Cumingii bearing twenty-nine of its
handsome umbels of rose-purple flowers, Masdevallia O’Brieniana, a fine
example of the remarkable Pleurothallis ornata, Dendrobium crepidatum,
and a fine darker-coloured variety called var. maximum, the handsome D.
xX Nestor, D. X micans giganteum, a large and handsome form, and D.
xX Stratius.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), staged
a small group of choice things, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given.
It contained a pretty blush-white form of Cattleya Mendelii, the rare
Odontoglossum nevadense, a large and handsome form of O. triumphans,
and a series of eleven distinct forms of the variable O. x Andersonianum,
three of them each receiving an Award of Merit, namely, O. x A. Mrs. De
B. Crawshay, a large cream-white flower with a few red-brown spots;
O. X A. Raymond Crawshay, cream-white, with many small spots and
markings confined to near the middle of the segments ; and O. x Rucker-
ianum rosefieldense, with purplish-rose ground well spotted with brown.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), also
received a Silver Flora Medal for a small group of choice things, including
Lelio-cattleya xX Hippolyta aurantiaca with orange-coloured flowers, the
very handsome Odontoglossum x Ruckerianum ocellatum, two handsome
forms of O. crispum, a light form of O. x excellens with branched in-
florescence, O. sceptrum Stevensii, a very fine O. polyxanthum with two
spikes, to which a Cultural Commendation was given, and OQ. luteo-
purpureum Thompson’s variety, with rich brown sepals and_ petals
becoming yellow only at the tips, and the ground colour of the lip white,
to which a similar award was given.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), showed
‘Odontoglossum triumphans Dulcote variety, a large form with broad dark-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 189

brown sepals and petals and comparatively little yellow, to which an Award
of Merit was given.

F. M. Burton, Esq., Gainsborough, showed a very fine form of Odonto-
glossum polyxanthum, and Cypripedium xX tessellatum porphyritis, a very
bright rose-purple flower with a few blackish spots on the petals.

R. G. Fletcher, Esq., Withdean, Brighton, sent examples of Phrag-
mipedilum caudatum and its pouchless variety Lindeni.

W. A. Gillett, Esq., Fairoak Lodge, Bishopstoke (gr. Mr. Carr), sent a
number of excellent cut spikes, including some fine Dendrobium nobile,
a superb Cypripedium Rothschildianum, C. Haynaldianum, several fine
forms of Odontoglossum crispum, O. X Coradinei, O. luteopurpureum, and
a fine O. Pescatorei.

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond), showed the hand-
some Leelio-cattleya x Dominiana Sir William Ingram.

R. I.. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr.
Chapman), showed Cypripedium x Thyades (superbiens X Chamberlain-
ianum), with a light-green dorsal sepal narrowly lined with purple, undulate
greenish white petals much spotted with purple, and the lip rosy-red.

F. A. Rehder, Esq., The Avenue, Gipsy Hill, sent Miltonia flavescens,
and Cypripedium x Mrs. Rehder (Argus X Rothschildianum), a fine flower
with yellowish ground colour, lined with brown on the dorsal sepal and
somewhat tinged with green, and the petals much spotted with dark
chocolate.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, showed
Dendrobium xX crepidato-nobile (nobile @ xX crepidatum ¢), a pretty
hybrid most like the pollen-parent, the flowers white tipped with rose, and
bearing a claret-coloured blotch on the lip; also Epidendrum X elegantulum
luteum, a very pretty variety with yellow sepals and petals, to which an
Award of Merit was given.

Messrs. J. McBean & Sons, Cooksbridge, sent Odontoglossam xX
excellens McBeanianum, a very fine, well-blotched variety, to which an
Award of Merit was given.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, staged a very pretty
group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained a
number of good forms of Cattleya Mendelii, Phalenopsis Sanderiana,
Lelia X Latona, some good examples of Miltonia Roezlii alba, and other
interesting things.

At the meeting held on May 16th, exhibits were less numerous, doubtless
owing to the proximity of the annual Temple Show, but the quality was
well maintained, two First-class Certificates and five Awards of Merit being
given. The members of the Committee present were :—H. J. Veitch., Esq.,

190 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

in the chair, and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), H. Ballantine, H. J.
Chapman, J. Colman, S. Courtauld, De B. Crawshay, J. T. Gabriel,
T. B. Haywood, E. Hill, F. Mason, H. T. Pitt, H. M. Pollett, F. Sander,
A. H. Smee, F. J. Thorne, and W. H. Young.

Baron Sir H. Schroder, The Dell, Staines (gr. Mr. Ballantine), staged
a small, choice group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. Odonto-
glossum X Coradinei mirabile was exhibited in excellent condition and
gained a First-class Certificate, while an Award of Merit went to the Dell
variety of O. sceptrum, distinguished by its large and richly coloured
flowers. The others were the handsome O. X Andersonianum superbum,
a distinct Odontoglossum called O. triumphans Dell variety, in which the
lower half of the petals and lip are white and the rest of the flower yellow,
blotched and spotted with brown, a very fine inflorescence of Lelio-
cattleya x Digbyano-Mossiz, and the remarkable Dendrobium sanguineum.

J. Coleman, Esq., Gatton Park, Surrey (gr. Mr. King), staged an
effective group to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained
a fine specimen of Lzlia purpurata in the centre of the group, good forms
of Cattleya Mendelii, C. Skinneri, Odontoglossum crispum, O. Hallii,
O. cirrhosum, O. luteopurpureum, O. Rossii, and O. cordatum, Lycaste
Skinneri alba, Cymbidium x eburneo - Lowianum, Dendrobium
atroviolaceum, Miltonia vexillaria, the handsome Epiphronitis x Veitchii,
Sophronitis grandiflora, Masdevallia Veitchiana, &c. A large and hand-
some form of Odontoglossum polyxanthum called Gatton Park variety
received an Award of Merit.

Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray),
sent the splendid Phaius Xx Phoebe (Wallichii Sanderianus ¢ X
Humblotii 3), to which a First-class Certificate was given. The flowers
are very large, with pale pink sepals and petals tinged with nankeen-
yellow, and the lip broad, yellow at the base, lined with dark red in the
centre, and light rose in front with a darker veining.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), sent a
fine spotted form of Odontoglossum crispum, called Raymond Crawshay;
to which an Award of Merit was given. The sepals and petals were tinged
with purple at the base, and the spots, which were more numerous and some-
what confluent on the sepals, were red, tinted with orange-brown.

T. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch, Reigate (gr. Mr. Salter), sent a very
large, pure white form of Odontoglossum crispum, called Purity, to which
an Award of Merit was given. He also showed the fine Masdevallia
Veitchiana grandiflora.

Malcolm S. Cooke, Esq., Kingston Hill (gr. Mr. Buckell), showed a
good, spotted form of Odontoglossum crispum with a fine branched spike.

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford (gr. Mr. Davis), sen

THE ORCHID REVIEW. Ig!

a fine form of Cattleya Mendelii, with a feathered marking near the apex of
the petals, and a richly-coloured lip.

W.C. Walker, Esq., Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr. Cragg), showed Cattleya
Walkeriana nobilior with a fine, four-flowered inflorescence.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, staged a
superb group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained the
handsome Leelio-cattleya X Hyeana(L. purpurata ? X C. Lawrenceana ¢),
L.-c. X Zephyra (L. xanthina @ X C. Mendelii ¢), L.-c. X Ascania (L.
xanthina @? X C. Mossie 3), L.-c. X Pallas, some good forms of Cattleya
Mendelii and Mossiz, C. intermedia, the handsome Lelia x Latona, some
good L. purpurata, Epicattleya x radiato-Bowringiana with a four-flowered
inflorescence, Epiphronitis X Veitchiana, Epidendrum xanthinum, E. xX
elegantulum and its var. luteolum, E. xX O’Brienianum, the brilliant orange-
scarlet Dendrobium subclausum, D. atroviolaceum, good examples of
Oncidium phymatochilum with its graceful racemes, O. sarcodes, concolor,
and ampliatum, a good series of Odontoglossum crispum forms, several
brilliant Masdevallias, Cypripedium Mastersianum, caudatum, X
macrochilum giganteum, and others.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, sent Odontoglossum
_ X Andersonianum giganteum, an exceptionally large form, with white
ground and many red-brown spots, to which an Award of Merit was given.

THE TEMPLE SHOW.

THE date of the twelfth great annual show of the Royal Horticultural
Society in the Inner Temple Gardens was fixed for May 31st and two
following days, and, considering the backwardness of the season, it was
fortunate that it was not a week earlier. At the moment of writing we are
able to say that a magnificent display of Orchids is again brought together,
and as the weather promises to be all that could be desired the Show
promises to be a great success. The great trade firms are, as usual, well
represented, and there are fine groups from Sir Trevor Lawrence, Sir
Frederick Wigan, W. A. Gillett, Esq., John Rutherford, Esq., M.P.,
W. C. Walker, Esq., L. Mond, Esq., W. Thompson, Esq., and M. Jules
Hye, the two latter showing chiefly superb Odontoglossums, while single
specimens come from several exhibitors. A glance round the exhibits
reveals less of novelty than usual, and in a few cases there is evidence of
things having been hurried to get them out in time. Cattleya Mendelli, on
the other hand, which is sometimes nearly over, is this year staged in
quantity and in fine condition. Owing to the lateness of the date and
pressure On our space, we regret that a full report must stand over until
our next number.

192 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

C@LoGyNE Dayana.—Amer. Gard., March 6, p. 337, with fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM X MACROCHILUM GIGANTEUM (abnormal).—Gard. Mag.,
May 27, p. 307, with fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM MASTERSIANUM.—Gard. Chron., May 6, pp. 273, 274, fig IoI.

CYPRIPEDIUM STONEI PLATYTZNIUM.—Gard. Chron., May 6, pp. 273,
281, fig. 104.

CYPRIPEDIUM X WILLIAM LLoyp.—Journ. of Hort., May 4, p. 357, fig 81.

DENDROBIUM FIMBRIATUM (peloriate).—Gard. Chron., May 13, p. 305,
fig IIl.

EPIDENDRUM. X ELEGANTULUM LUTEUM.—Gard. Mag., May 13,
pp. 276, 277 (with fig.).

ODONTOGLOssUM X ANDERSONIANUM RayMOND CRAWSHAY.—Gard.
Mag., May 13, p. 276, with fig. |

ODONTOGLOSSUM X CORADINEI WeEsT BANK House var.—Gard.
Chron., May 20, p. 315, fig. 116.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM ASHWORTHIANUM.—Gard. Mag., May 6,
pp- 264, 269, with fig.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM PurRITy.—Journ. Hort., May 25, p. 430, fig. 94.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM RayMOND CrAwsHay.— Journ. Hort.,
May 25, pp- 430, 431, fig. 95.

ODONTOGLOSSUM POLYXANTHUM.—Sem. Hort., May 27, pp. 206, 207,

fig. I17.
SACCOLABIUM GUTTATUM.—A mer. Gard., April 29, p. 317, fig. 81.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

( re hie Piatti not answered here may Pgs if es to their queries on other pages, and in
cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue. In the case of hybrid seedling
sent for name, the pa rentage and hist tory should Ss be briefly stated , for without these details w
are not alway able to deal with them satisfactorily.)

, Do Sees A good form of Odontoglossum x Andersonianum with many small
spots on 1 the segmen

G.B., Ha Oncidium micropogon ; 2, Odontoglossum Reichenheimii; 3,
Cattleya Schreederze, “ai the flower not yet fully developed.

H.A.B., Aspasia lunata.

. de L., Liége. he Cymbidium gastos sent is remarkable for the very light brown
of the front of the lip, but it is not C. L. concolor, in which this part is greenish-yellow like
the rest of the flower. The S Odes ein we should refer to O. cirrhosum Klabochorum,

and differs from the type in the numerous spots 0 n the serials and petals

J.R., Altrincham. A good form of Odontopiceivis x Andersonianum. The package
has been duly fcrwarded.

G.S.B., Wilmslow. Cattleya ee has — undulate petals, and the rich colour
in front of the lip we do not remember to have met with before. We should have referred
it to C. Triane, bait another season mae decide os; matter

E.A.O., Mass. We do not yet find the reference to Cateye x Dijanceana.

Pholocragia received, with thanks, G.B., E.F.C., A.G.

&

PATENT FAST-DYED
KHAKI COTTON NETTING.

For Shading Orchid and Other Greenhouses.
ABSOLUTELY FAST. WELL SHRUNK
THE GLASS WILL NOT REQUIRE STAINING.

Price Lists and Patterns Free on application to—
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Descriptive and Priced Cataiogues of their Stock of Established Orchids, as well as of
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Gateacre Nurseries, Gateacre, near Liverpool.

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LARGE QUANTITIES OF IMPORTED ORCHIDS ARE ALWAYS ON HAND.

ORCHIDS

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INSPECTION INVITED.

NOTICE OF ™
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In consequence of the Expiration of the Lease
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CHOICE DENDROBES A SPECIALITY.
Please write for List.
JAMES CYPHER,
EXOTIC NURSERIES,

CHELTENHAM.

J. WEEKS & CO; Lid,
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To Her Seria H.R.H. the oe of Wales,
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TevLecrapn, “HORTULANUS,” Lonbon,
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Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers,

KING’S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

NEW AND RARE ORCHIDS.

J. W. MOORE,
ORCHID IMPORTER & GROWER,
Cragg Royd, Appley Bridge,

Near BRADFORD.

i _ Original Importer of Cyp. Charlesworthii, Cyp Fred.

Hardy, Cyp. bellatulum album, &c., &c.

MANCHESTER & NORTH OF
ENGLAND

Orchid Society.

HEADQUARTERS;
PLACE, MANCHESTER.
Meet ain of the i, for the purpose
epee ge Ty upon She Orchids tren se, will
THURSDAY, Jans 8th and 29th, 1899,
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Vor. VII.) JULY, 1899. [No. 70.

THE

Hn 3$llustrated. Monthly Journal,

DEVOLEED: 10°. ORCHIDOLOGY.

Contents.
PAGE
' Calendar of Prparatines for jay .» 210 ; Orchid flowers oe imperfectly 206
‘5 Cattleya nobilior es «4. 210 | Orchid Portraits 224
Correspondence, &c. ... nee see 224 Siete at the » Royal ‘Hoaicitarat
- Curious Crosses da fee eee Oe Society BAC cS tae:
Dies Orchidiane ... ws es 196 Orchids | in season 207
_ Epidendrum confusum poe ... 197 | Poisoners and Pebe. in he Wilson
- Freaks — Orchids 86 a gos Orchid Collection 20
Hybrid ue: a ee x Hardyana ie I 5 209
Eamio tatters x Martinetii var. Stand Hall Collectio ‘f
’ flavescens .. 195 pists Show... 215)
‘Manchester sid North of England Vanda Roxburghii at fou: 202
¢ __ Orchid Society 214 | Vanda teres as a seed bearer 204
EB; Masdevallia racemosa . ats +++ 203 | Vanilla Wightiana ; oe coo
Notes... a eas bes *** T93 | Wilson Collection, Poisoners and
- Obituary ad os a .-- 198 | Thieves in ... sila ses .. 201
Oncidium ampliatum citrinum eM a

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»

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

VoL. VII.

NOTES.

THE event of the month will be the International Conference on Hybridisation,
convened by the Royal Horticultural Society, which will be opened at the
Society’s Gardens at Chiswick, on Tuesday, July r1th, and continued on
the following day at the Society’s Rooms, 117 Victoria St., Westminster.

All Plant-growers, whether Amateurs or Nurserymen, are particularly
requested to exhibit Hybrid or Cross-bred Plants (whether in bloom or not),
with their Parents, on the first day. All Plants should arrive at the
Society’s Gardens at Chiswick, at or before 11.30 a.m., and may be
removed at 5 p.m.

New or Rare Plants may also be exhibited for Certificates exactly in the
same way as at the ordinary fortnightly meetings at the Drill Hall,
but no ordinary groups will be admitted on this occasion.

The various Committees will meet at 12 o’clock, noon, to adjudicate

- upon the exhibits, and the following conditions specially apply.

It is requested that full particulars of the origin and parentage of all
the hybrids exhibited, be given on special cards (which will be supplied to
exhibitors, and should be applied for beforehand), each plant on a separate
card, so as to facilitate comparison and avoid confusion.

Awards will be given to meritorious exhibits of Hybrids, and we note
eight Veitch Memorial Medals are offered, one of them to the raiser
of the best new Orchid intentionally raised by cross-breeding or
hybridisation in Great Britain, and never previously exhibited, and another
to the best raised abroad, under the same conditions. A Williams
Memorial Medal is also offered for the best collection of Hybrid and
Cross-bred Plants.

194 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

regret to notice, however, that Mr. Cookson’s paper on Hybrid Orchids is Q
omitted from the revised programme, which thus contains no paper specially
devoted to Orchids. There is, however, “‘ Experiments in Hybridisation
and Cross-breeding,” by C. C. Hurst, F.R.H.S., F.L.S., (July tzth),
and “ Hybridisation viewed from the standpoint of Systematic Botany,”
by R. Allen Rolfe, A.L.S. (July 12th), so that Orchids will not be
unrepresented, while among the exhibits they are likely to take a
leading position.

The second meeting of the month will be held at the Drill Hall,
James St., Westminster, on July 25th, when the Orchid Committee will
meet at 12 o’clock, noon.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold
two meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, during July, on the
6th and 2oth respectively, when the Orchid Committe will mcet at the
usual hour, 12 o’clock, noon.

A curious flower of Paphiopedilum x Arthurianum has just appeared in —
the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool, in which «
the scape is almost completely suppressed. The flower is thus crowded in
between the leaves of the growth, and is also out of season, which is
probably due to the same cause as led to the arrest of the scape.

Stenorhynchus speciosus is a handsome species of the Spiranthes group,
with variegated leaves and crimson flower-spikes, both flowers and bracts
being brilliantly coloured. It is terrestrial, and succeeds well in an ordinary
stove. An inflorescence has been sent by Messrs. Stanley Mobbs and
Ashton, of Southgate.

A very large and richly coloured form of Cattleya Warneri is sent from
the collection of Mrs. Hollond, Wonham, Bampton, Devon, by Mr. Stacey.
It measures 9? inches across the expanded petals, which, together with the _
sepals, are bright rose-purple in colour, while the perfectly formed lip is
beautifully undulate, and of the most brilliant amethyst in front. The
spike bears four flowers.

A flower of the large and handsome Odontoglossum x Coradinei
Crawshayanum, to which an Award of Merit was given by the Royal Horti-
cultural Society, on June 13th last, is sent from the collection of De Barri
Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks. It is one of a raceme of fourteen,
and measures 3 inches from tip to tip of the petals, The shape is good,
and the blotches very large and richly coloured.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 195

A good form of O. X Denisonz is also sent, which bloomed out of an
1898 importation of O. crispum, and comes nearer to the original form
(Fl. Mag., n. s., 1872, t. 26) than any we have met with, both in shape and
colour. It is nearly white, with three or four small light red blotches on the
sepals. The shape of the sepals and lip, and particularly of the crest, leave
no doubt of its origin. A good flower of O. nzvium is also sent.

A very curious double growth has appeared on a plant of Lelia pur-
purata in the collection of L. C. R. Thring, Esq., of Dunstable. When the
young growth was about four inches high, a second growth started away
from the first and soon caught it up, the two growing away together and
ultimately flowering, the first bearing a raceme of four and the second one
of three flowers, the latter, curiously enough, opening three or four days
before the other. A photograph sent shows this curious growth, which we
do not remember to have noticed before.

A very pretty form of Cattleya Mossiz is also sent, in which the crimson
veining is much reduced in front of the lip’s disc. The combination of
colour is very delicate and pretty, but whether it agrees with any of the
numerous named forms we are not sure.

The fine specimen of Aérides odoratum in the collection of R. le Doux,
Esq., which was figured at page 273 of our last volume, is again in bloom,
carrying forty spikes of flowers. Mr. Archer thinks that it looks better than
last year, owing to the spikes being more evenly distributed over the plant.
It has evidently taken kindly to its new quarters, and we see no reason why
it should not continue to do well under suitable treatment.

THE HYBRIDIST.
L#LIO-CATTLEYA X MARTINETII VAR FLAVESCENS.

M. Cu. Maron, of Brunoy, France, sends us two flowers of a new seedling
from Cattleya Mossie ? and Lelia tenebrosa 3, which differ from the one
recently exhibited at Paris in the beautiful buff colour of the sepals and
petals, and suggests that a varietal name should be given in accordance
with this character. We accordingly suggest flavescens, which signifies to
grow or become yellow. The original we have not seen, but the present
one is very beautiful, and, except in the colour of the sepals and petals, may
be briefly compared with L.-c. x Gottoiana, the difference of course arising
from C. Warneri being replaced by C. Mossiee in the parentage. The lip
is fairly intermediate in shape, beautifully undulate at the margin, and
purple in colour. It isa beautiful addition to the group, in the hybridising
of which M. Maron has been remarkably successful.

196 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DIES ORCHIDIANZ.

A cuRIoUs point has arisen respecting the beautiful Lelia purpurata Annie
Louise, for which Captain Law-Schofield received a First-class certificate at
the recent Temple Show. Mr. Statter remarks :—‘‘I believe it was explained
by Mr. Cypher at tte Temple Show, who was the original owner, that the
certificated plant ot L. purpurata Annie Louise was the same variety as that
shown by me as L. purpurata Statteriana. The question arises, what is
this variety in future to be styled, as there are still two more portions of the
original plant, one with Mr. Schofield, the exhibitor of the certificated plant
referred to, and the other with Mrs. Briggs-Bury, at Accrington? I hold
that Statteriana is the right name, because I exhibited my plant at Manchester
Botanical Gardens in 1897 and 1898, and on a later date under that name;
and I received a First-class certificate at Manchester under that name, L. p.
Statteriana.”’—Gard. Chron., June 17, p. 389.

The Editor replies :—We fear that there are many similar cases, although

examination of the two plants referred to at the show failed to prove con-

clusively that they were the same, Mr. Statter’s flower being smaller and
not so finely developed as Mr. Schofield’s. At the show, another complica-
tion arose from the suggestion that L. p. Mrs. R. I. Measures, an inflorescence
of which was present for comparison, was also the same as L. p. Annie Louise,
and certainly its well-developed flowers seemed nearer than those of Mr.

Statter’s plant. All three might have been taken from the same stock —
(though Mr. Measures’ plant was taken from an independent specimen), and

cultivation has made the difterence.

“If purchasers would honestly retain the names under which plants were

bought, and vendors would faithfully sell all the parts of the same specimen
under the same name given, before the plants were distributed, such con-
fusion would be materially diminished. We fear that complications of the
kind are more often intentional than accidental. In the face of the present
difficulty, it will be better to adhere to the name given at the Temple
Show.”’—1.c.

Another contribution to the question appears in the same issue, in the
report of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society :—Thomas
Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, exhibited a fine form of Lelia
purpurata, named Statteriana; but an objection was entered against this
name, as it is said to be precisely the same as one exhibited in London
under the name of L. p. Annie Louise. The plant was thereupon given a
First-class certificate under the latter name.—lI.c., P- 403.

es

?

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 197

After this, who will venture to ask, what’s in a name? However, it
occurred to me to look up the question of priority, but, unfortunately, I
failed to find a record of the name L. p. Statteriana, though I traced L. p.
Annie Louise back to 1897. It was exhibited before the Manchester
Orchid Society on October 21st of that year, and received an Award of
Merit (O. R., v., p. 346); also by Mrs. Briggs-Bury, on July 14th, 1808,
and received a similar award (O. R., vi., p. 253), so that I do not quite see
why the Society should have used the Temple exhibit in justification of the
change of name. L. p. Mrs. R.I. Measures, it would appear must relinquish
the claim to priority, for it received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. on
October 26th, 1897 (O. R., v., p. 350). Five days too late! But I am quite
willing to accept its identity, and even to consider it as part of the same
identical plant, at all events until it is proved to the contrary.

Whether the matter will rest here remains to be proved, but I have seen
a remarkably similar form before, and should not be at all surprised to find
that it is practically undistinguishable from something that appeared long
ago. The question of priority if applied to varieties will land us in some
nice difficulties. Will anyone pretend that all the multitudinous varieties of
a few of our popular garden Orchids are distinct ? Take Cattleya Mossiz,
for example, where we have more distinct names than varieties. Some of
the principal variations occur in nearly every importation, and one might
almost say get a new name every time. Scarcely a meeting is held now-a-
days without various “‘new”’ varieties appearing, and if those who name
them so freely make any attempt to ascertain whether they have been named
before they are singularly unfortunate. I repeatedly meet old friends under
new names, and some have so many aliases that I have forgotten which is
the original name. Some of our reporters heroically try to put them on
record—I mean the names—but how to distinguish them seems a perfectly
hopeless task. A rash individual, some time ago, proposed that no one
should be allowed to name a new variety without proving its distinctness.
I say rash, but all the same I wish his ideas could be carried out.

ARGUS.

EPIDENDRUM CONFUSUM.
Tuis is the Epidendrum fragrans var. megalanthum of Lindley (Fol. Orch.,
Epidend., p. 39) a plant originally sent from Guatemala, by Mr. Skinner,
to the Horticultural Society, in whose garden it flowered in July, 1849.
Lindley remarked of it—‘ remarkable for the gigantic dimensions, which it
retains in cultivation; the flowers are full four inches in diameter, and its
pseudobulbs and leaves, taken together, are sometimes eighteen inches
long.” It has since appeared on several occasions, always with the same

198 ' THE ORCHID REVIEW.

characters, except that the flowers are occasionally rather smaller than
above described, and evidently represents a quite distinct species. Besides

few-flowered, and the elongated character of the sepals and petals is just as

marked as is that of the pseudobulbs and leaves. The lip is relatively —

much larger and less acuminate. The flowers are straw-coloured, with

numerous radiating red-purple lines on the lip. On the whole it seems 4
nearer to E. ionophlebium, Rchb. f., from Costa Rica, than to E. fragrans. —

It has now flowered at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh.
R. A. ROLFE.

OBITUARY.
WE regret to hear of the death of Mr. James Anderson, which took place at

the characters just mentioned, it should be pointed out that the present one y
has diphyllous pseudobulbs, while in E. fragrans they are generally, ifnot —
invatiably, monophyllous. The raceme of the former is also very short and — :

Glasgow on June 16th, after an illness of several months duration. The —

deceased, who had attained the age of sixty-seven, was well known in
horticultural circles, and was for many years gardener to T. Dawson, Esq.;
of Meadow Bank, near Glasgow, the possessor of one of the finest Orchid
collections of the period. After Mr. Dawson’s death, Mr. Anderson
established himself near Glasgow as a landscape gardener and _ horticultural
expert, but soon removed his business to the neighbourhood of Manchester.
He was also employed on the Epping Forest Commission. As a contributor
_ to the Press, he was also well known, as for many years he acted as a

correspondent of the Gardeners’ Chronicle, and brought out a work entitled

The Practical Gardener, besides acting as Editor to the Northern Gardener
during the short period of its existence. Mr. Anderson was a very successful
cultivator of Orchids, for which he gained numerous awards. There is 2

legend that he gained the Lindley Medal, an award instituted by the :

R.H.S. in commemoration of Dr. Lindley, and to be given preferentially
for excellence in cultivation. This, however, is incorrect, as Mr. Anderson
himself has stated, though the two examples of Odontoglossum grande sent

up from Meadow Bank quite thirty years ago are said to have been such as :

had never been seen before, and, according to Mr. Barron, no such
specimens have been submitted in London since. Each bore a branched
panicle, one with fifteen and the other with sixteen flowers, of extraordinary

size, substance, and colour. The history of the question may be found in —

our fifth volume (pp. 354, 355). Mr. Anderson retained his interest i0

Orchids to the last, and was one of the founders of the Manchester and —
North of England Orchid Society, and a member of the Committee. His :
name will be kept in perpetual remembrance by the familiar Odontoglossum

x Andersonianum, which was dedicated to him by Reichenbach in 1868.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 199

ONCIDIUM AMPLIATUM CITRINUM.

THE typical form of Oncidium ampliatum, like that of many other species,
has some brown markings at the base of the petals and around the crest of the
lip, but now a variety has appeared with Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., from
which these are entirely absent, leaving the flower clear citron yellow, which
gives it a very distinct appearance. . In all other respects it agrees with the
well-known type. It was exhibited at the recent Temple Show, and again
at the Drill Hall,on June 13th. The absence of the characteristic markings
is a rare occurrence with many Orchids, and we do not remember to have
met with in it before in this species.
| Aer ea

THE STAND HALL COLLECTION.

WE have again had the pleasure of inspecting this interesting collection, of
which an account was given in our second volume (pp. 291-293), and now ~
offer a few supplementary notes. We had often wondered what had
become of the remarkable seedlings derived from Epidendrum X
O’Brienianum crossed with the pollen of Dendrobium crystallinum, and
were gratified to find some of then in flower on this occasion, but, alas!
they are practically reproductions of the mother plant, not quite identical
with it, perhaps, and varying slightly between themselves, but without any
recognizable trace of the influence of the pollen parent. This adds another
to the series of seemingly inexplicable facts in connection with the
hybridization of Orchids, and we should like to see the experiment carefully
repeated, or varied by using pollen from some other Dendrobium, the
reverse cross being also tried. We may add that some of the plants were
thrown away after the flowers appeared.

Dendrobiums generally are extremely well cultivated here, and a fine lot
of D. Phalznopsis in one house possess an amount of vigour seldom met
with. The house is a lean-to, with a south aspect, with suitable provisions
for shading, but the top ventilators are scarcely ever opened, to which
Mr. Statter attributes much of his success. The plants are grown in pot-
shaped baskets, suspended from the roof, and sparingly watered, but the air
is kept as moist as possible by damping down. The compost used is fibrous
peat only. We noticed a lot of healthy cucumber plants festooned at the
back of the house, which is next to a vinery, and we have no doubt that the
manurial elements employed in their culture benefit the Dendrobiums,
through the ammonia escaping into the air—in fact, it was perceptible on
entering the house. Under these conditions, the root-action is superb, the
roots hanging down below the baskets in profusion, while the pseudobulb

200 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

are equally vigorous. The magnificent group shown at Manchester last
year shows the success of this treatment, and it may be mentioned that one
pseudobulb carried three long racemes of twenty-six and twenty-eight
flowers. We also noticed some plants of the recently introduced D.
spectabile growing vigorously, and D. atroviolaceum in flower. A few
Cypripedes are also cultivated here very successfully, among them one called :
Madame Jules Hye (tonsum x Spicerianum) looking very healthy.

A house is almost devoted to Cattleya labiata, intermediate treatment
being given, and Mr. Johnson remarked that during January and February
not a drop of water was given to the plants. In bud here, we noticed a
curious little plant, apparently an Odontoglossum, which was picked out of
an imported clump of C. labiata. This we should like to know more ;
about. On a shelf we noticed four plants of the remarkable violet-blue
Dendrobium Victoria-Regina in flower.

Cattleyas and Cypripedes are represented by many choice forms, but
none of the former were yet out. Mr. Statter, however, pointed out the

down below the basket in masses ; also C. x H. Statteriana and Countess of
Derby, together with several plants picked out of an importation of C.
Dowiana aurea, which are thought to belong to C. x Hardyana, and
will be watched with interest til] they flower. There is also a nice batch of
seedlings’ raised from C. Warscewiczii ? and C. Dowiana aurea 3
respecting which no uncertainty need be felt; and some good seedlings
from C. granulosa Schofieldiana ? and C. labiata 3, which ought to
prove C. X Imperator. Other interesting seedlings noted were Cattleya
Bowringiana x Hardyana Massaiana, C. Bowringiana X L. tenebrosa, and
L. tenebrosa crossed with C. x Hardyana, C. Dowiana aurea, and C.
Mossiz, all of them promising well. Lelio-cattleya x highburiensis was
in flower. A supposed pure white form of Lelia purpurata is being
watched with interest, four plants having been obtained from Messrs.
Cowan, which are growing well. Plenty of moisture in the air and
comparatively little at the root, are points on which Mr. Johnson lays great
stress, and the plants are remarkably healthy.

We have little room left for the Cypripedes, which are an equally fine lot,
but first we may mention the supposed hybrid between Sedeni and Stonei,
which has now flowered, though imperfectly, and showing very little, if any,
of the influence of the latter parent. The flowers may come better next
time, and we should like to see them. Several interesting things were in
flower and bud, among them the beautiful albinos, callosum Sanderzx and
Lawrenceanum Hyeanum. A seedling said to have been derived from a
bellatulum crossed with F airrieanum pollen is, of course, a plant of great
promise, and it would be easy to enumerate many others, did space permit.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 201

Mr. Johnson seems to be as successful with this group as with others under
his charge, and indeed the collection generally is in excellent condition.

Mr. Statter has had many of his choicest plants painted, mostly by
Macfarlane, and thus we were able to renew an acquaintance with some of
the gems of the collection not now in flower, which increased the interest
of the visit.

POISONERS AND THIEVES IN THE WILSON ORCHID
COLLECTION.

UNDER this title appears the following note in the issue of American
Gardening for May 20th last (p. 370):—‘‘The Orchid collection of
Mrs. George B. Wilson, which is contained in her well-kept greenhouses on
Forty-third and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia, Pa., has fast been rising into
the front ranks of fame. The rich collection of the late Erastus Corning,
of Albany, N.Y., now rests in these houses, and the present owner, who isa
keen connoisseur, is continually enriching an already valuable collection by
the purchase of rarities. Though not much spoken of as yet outside
Orchid growing circles, the Wilson collection is one of the very notable in
America to-day. The owner has the sympathy of all true horticulturists in
the very cruel and malicious attacks that have been made upon her
possessions of late.

“On Saturday, May 6th, two visitors came to inspect the Orchids, and
spent an unusually long time among the Lelias. One of the assistant
gardeners was with the strangers a short time, and he says the men talked
like experts. That same night the head gardener came to Mrs. Wilson
saying that something was the matter with the superb piece of a very fine
form of Lelia elegans alba which had come in the Corning collection. It
had thirty-five bulbs, and was just coming into flower. It appeared,
however, to be drooping and sickly. Everything was done to save it, but it
shrivelled and died. It is doubtful if another such piece can be procured to
fill the blank. The leaves of the dead plant were sent to a chemist, who
found that in the base of the leaves there was a strong preparation of some
alkali, probably chlorate of potash, which had evidently been poured on in
malicious intent.

‘‘ What could have inspired the perpetration of such an outrage is quite
unknown, and there is no definite information as to who are the criminals
concerned. This is the second time that the Wilson collection has been
injured. Only very recently, Mrs. Wilson informs us, she lost by theft two
plants of the rare Lelia maijalis alba. It is to be hoped that the guilty
parties will be caught and duly punished.”

oe eed

202 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
VANILLA WIGHTIANA.

THIS very rare species has just flowered in the collection of Sir Trevor

Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, apparently for the first time in cultiva-

tion. It belongs to the leafless section of the genus, and is a native of the
Deccan Peninsula, South India, but has previously only been known by the
original specimens, collected by Wight, and named by Lindley, over sixty

years ago (Wight Cat., p. 123). No description was published, and Lindley —

afterwards reduced it, somewhat doubtfully, to the Malayan V. aphylla,
Blume (Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 436). The flowers are 1} inches long, and
the sepals and petals are linear-oblong, slightly spreading, and pale yellow,
tipped with green. The lip is obscurely 3-lobed, with a broad line of
slightly retrorse hairs, about a line long, from the apex down to the crest,
which is similar except that the hairs are rather more retrorse. The hairs
of the crest and throat are red-purple, but those near the apex are pale
yellow, like the rest of the lip. The flowers are fragrant, something like
heliotrope. Wight afterwards figured the species (Ic. Pl. Ind. or., V, t-
931), but the figure is very inaccurate, as the imperfect type specimens
show. Twelve leafless species of the genus are known, five being Asiatic,
four African and Mascarene, and three West Indian, but only three are
certainly known in cultivation, namely, V. Phalznopsis, Rchb. f. (FJ. des
Serres, t. 1769-70), a native of the Seychelle Islands; V. Walkeriz, Wight
(Ic. Pl. Ind. or., v. t. 932), a native of Ceylon; and the present one. This
indeed was thought to be V. Walkeriz until it bloomed, but that species
has white flowers, of nearly twice the size, with two slightly pubescent
lines on the lower part of the lip. A more complete account of these
plants may be found in my monograph of the genus (Journ. Linn. Soe.,
XXXll., pp. 439-478).
R. A. ROLFE.

VANDA ROXBURGHII AT HOME.
AmMonGst the numerous species of Orchids belonging to our Indian flora,
very few are so widely distributed as the old Vanda Roxburghii. It is
mostly found in the plains, and it is one of our commonest species in
Lower Bengal, chiefly in the Calcutta district. It is also found up to

Behar, Gugerat, and Concan, and in a southern direction down to Ceylon, —

where we noticed many good specimens not very far from the cinnamon
gardens, a well-known place for visitors to Colombo. It is found under
various conditions, sometimes strongly fastened to the branches of trees,
sometimes simply hanging down. We have several times noticed splendid
specimens thriving wonderfully well on the branches of some tall Ficus
religiosa, F. bengalensis, and on the well-known Indian mango tree. Its

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THE ORCHID REVIEW. 203

long, thick, and smooth roots are sometimes from three to four feet long.
The plants differ much in habit, and probably also in constitution, and this
constitutional difference may have some effect on the establishment of
* newly imported plants in European collections. The flowers vary a great
deal in colour, some being much darker than others, and it would be easy
to find half-a-dozen different varieties ; indeed, we have heard of a certain
Orchid grower who is supposed to possess about twenty, but the same fact
may be observed in other species, as V. tricolor and suavis, and again
among other Orchids, chiefly Cattleyas, where sometimes scarcely two
plants are alike. Vanda Roxburghii in a wild state seems to be a very free
bloomer, and we have noticed on some of our trees where they are thickly
grouped, a constant succession of flowers.

This species is called by natives of Lower Bengal, Rasna Nai, and is
greatly esteemed by native doctors and physicians, who attribute to its
roots some very valuable medicinal properties. They are believed to be
very efficacious, when prepared, against rheumatism, dropsy, asthma, fever,
scorpion’s bite, and similar disorders, as well as several diseases of the
nervous system. The roots are somewhat fragrant and bitter, and form
one of the most appreciated elements entering into the composition of
several medicated oils, which are all invariably used as an external remedy.
In other parts of the Empire the leaves are also highly appreciated, chiefly
in Chutra, Nagpur, where they are pounded and made into a kind of paste
which is often applied to the body against fever.

Calcutta. A. GRIESSEN.

+—e—+

MASDEVALLIA RACEMOSA.

A LARGE plant of Masdevallia racemosa, which I have had in a small
Cool house since December, 1892, begun to flower on July 31st, 1898,
and has continued flowering on the old spikes, the flowers as they come
in succession, keeping at full size and bright colour, until to-day, June 17th,
1899, when I cut off the spikes to relieve the plant. In previous years I
did not allow the spikes to remain on so long, as I doubted whether the
plant might not flower itself to death, but I should be much obliged if you
would favour the readers of the Orchid Review with your opinion as to
whether Masdevallia racemosa is naturally a perpetual flowerer.
GB. LUCE SMITH.

The Acacias, Worthing.

[The flowers of Masdevallia racemosa are i iably produced in succession
over a considerable period, but whether in the wild state this period extends
throughout the entire year, as the present note would suggest, is perhaps
not definitely recorded. Lehmann states that the number of flowers open

204 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

at once on the same raceme is seldom more than two, and never exceeds g
four, though the old pedicels sometimes number as many as eighteen. The
idea that all the flowers were expanded together seems to have originated
in the exhibition at the Sale Rooms of some dried specimens in which a
flower had been ingeniously strapped down opposite every one of the old
pedicels by the enterprising (?) collector. Unfortunately, one of these
misleading specimens was used as an illustration (Veitch Man. Orch., v., p. 58)
and thus serves, though unintentionally, to perpetuate the error. It would
be interesting to know how many flowers were produced by the raceme
cut off at the end of 103 months, which might give a clue to the age of
those producing eighteen flowers.—Ep.]

IS VANDA TERES A GOOD SEED BEARER?
I HAVE recently made a series of experiments to ascertain the value of
Vanda teres as a seed bearer. During April last I made 26 successive
crosses between Vanda teres and several other plants, as Renanthera
coccinea, Stauropsis fasciata, and various Vandas, etc., but while
making Vanda teres the seed parent my attempts were invariably —
unsatisfactory. At first I thought that it might be due to some cause

reverse way and having proved successful, I came to the conclusion that 4
V. teres must be a rather delicate species to be selected as seed parent. It
ought to be mentioned that all our plants are well established and were
not touched until I gave up my experiment. We have a few pods on it,
but all are the result of self-fertilization. The crosses, as Renanthera
coccinea, were tried eight times in succession, and all proved failures, but
the reverse crosses took with the utmost satisfaction. It is not my first
experience with the subject, having experienced the same failure at Kew
during 1897, while I was in charge of the collection. I should be glad if a
some of our friends of the Review can throw a little light on the subject. —

Royal Botanical Gardens, Calcutta. A. E. P. GRIESSEN.
[The only hybrid from V. teres which we know of is V. xX Miss

Joaquim (O.R., i. p. 245), which was raised at Singapore by the lady whose
name it bears, but it is not stated whether V. teres or V. Hookeriana was

Unsuccessful experiments are often not recorded, but cases like the present
are interesting, and we should like to have further details.—Ep.}

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 205
FREAKS AMONG ORCHIDS.

A plant of Odontoglossum crispum in the collection of Sir Frederick
Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen, has produced a raceme in which
every flower is.said to have had three stamens, and one of them as many
as four. An illustration in the Gardener's Chronicle (June 24th, p. 413,
fig. 125) shows that the two column-wings,—which are well known to be
staminodial in origin—have reverted to normal stamens. What the
fourth stamen may have been is not mentioned, but the writer of the note
mentions having “had the good fortune before now to see all six stamens
in Odontoglossum crispum.”

A still more curious flower has appeared in the collection of J. Lehmann,
Esq., West Bank House, Heaton Mersey. It had the appearance of
being double, owing to the column having broken up into petaloid bodies,
on which were several anther-like bodies in an immature state. The
flower, however, was cut at a very early stage, and it would have been very
interesting if fully developed. It would be interesting to know if the
flowers are similar next season.

A flower of O. Reichenheimii, from the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq.,
Teignmouth, has one additional anther, which replaces one of the column-
wings, while the other is in the normal condition. The pollen masses are
below the normal size, and there is an additional gland, but no connecting
stipes. One or two other flowers on the panicle are said to have been
similarly abnormal.

A flower of Phragmipedilum X grande, from the same collection, is
curiously modified in shape, the lip being only represented by one of its
side lobes, to which the corresponding petal is united throughout its
length, and strongly undulate on one side, owing to the effort. made to
elongate itself.

A remarkable sate of Habenaria chlorantha has been collected
by Mr. W. Hoskyns-Abrahall, Copthorne, Surrey, in which eleven out of
thirteen flowers have an additional anther. An examination shows that it
belongs to the median stamen of the inner whorl, which is usually the
most difficult to trace ina normal flower. The remaining parts (even the
staminodes) are present precisely as in the normal flower, except that in
three cases the dorsal sepal is partially divided. The column is so little
modified that the normal anther cells occupy their usual position, the two
additional cells being adnate to the rostellum. In four flowers they are
small, and apparently contain no pollen; five others have one cell of the
normal size and shape, the other being smaller, but in several cases
containing a few pollen grains; while the two remaining flowers have the
cells and pollinia of normal size. One of these has the ovary untwisted

206 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

and the lip consequently uppermost. The additional pollinia that have
reached the normal size have the usual candicle, which is developed from
the pollen, but not the gland, which is of rostellar origin, and this is just
what might have been expected. The displacement of parts is very slight,
but the additional anther cells vary slightly in position, those which are
least developed being situated at the apex of the rostellum. It is a very
interesting and instructive example.
R. A. R.

ORCHID FLOWERS OPENING IMPERFECTLY.

FLoweERs of certain Orchids are occasionally met with which for some
reason fail to open properly. A curious example has been sent from the
collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, by Mr. Rogers,
namely, two flowers of Paphiopedilum superbiens, showing decay at the
base of the peduncle, which prevents them from opening perfectly and
attaining their normal dimensions. There is no trace of deformity, and we
fail to detect the cause of the mischief. The same thing is said to have
occurred for several years, and the decay is said to appear when the flowers
reach the same stage, previous to which they have seemed perfectly healthy.
The plants are grown in a house devoted entirely to species and hybrids of
this group, which do very well on the whole. They are potted in good
peat and sphagnum, with plenty of drainage, and the summer treatment
varies from 65° at night, to 70° by day. They have, however, been tried in
several houses, but with no better results. It looks like a case of con-
stitutional weakness, which however is difficult to account for, because all
the plants in cultivation are said to be sub-divisions of one or two original
plants. It would be interesting to know if Mr. Wrigley has other plants
of this species, and if so whether they behave differently. We should be
glad to hear if anyone else has had a similar experience with this or any
other species, and also of any likely means of remedying the evil.

Flowers from a plant of Cattleya Mossiz, sent by Mr. Young, gardener
to J. W. Potter, Esq., of Croydon, present a different kind of deformity.
After opening, the sepals and petals remain in a partially crumpled con-
dition, though they are large in size and well coloured. Those sent are said
to have been in this condition for a fortnight, and the same thing occurred
last season. The pseudobulbs are also said to have a slight deformity, which
would suggest that it may be a constitutional peculiarity, and thus difficult
tocure. We should try it for another season, growing it as strongly as
possible, but if it does not then improve, and others succeed under the
same treatment, we should despair of a remedy.

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THE ORCHID REVIEW. 207
ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

A SERIES of the more striking Orchids of the season is sent from the collec-
tion of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno (gr. Mr. Axtell), and
their splendid condition shows how well their culture is understood. A
flower of Cattleya Mendelii represents one of the brightest forms of this
species which we have seen. The sepals and petals are of a beautiful shade
of rose-pink, and the front lobe of the lip brilliant amethyst, and very
undulate, the colour extending round the margins of the side lobes up to
and beyond where they meet. A zone of colour also extends across the lip,
just above the apex of the column, and between this and the coloured
margin is a large white blotch on either side of the disc, giving a very
charming effect. A lighter, fairly typical form is equally remarkable for its
vigorous growth. It was imported in February, 1898, and had two leads,
each of which made two succeeding bulbs. In addition to this it made two
back growths, and all six bulbs are now flowering, with an aggregate of
seventeen flowers, which on so small a plant makes a grand sight. One of
the back growths produced a two-flowered raceme, the other five having
three each. This we should think almost constitutes a record of the kind.

A flower of Cattleya Warscewiczii is a magnificent example of what,
seen at its best, is the grandest of all Cattleyas. The petals are slightly
over 4-inches long by 23-inches broad, and the front lobe of the lip attains
the same breadth. The sepals and petals are bright rose-pink, the front
lobe of the lip brilliant amethyst-crimson, and the side lobes bright rose,
about intermediate between the two. The blotches are yellow shading to
white at the margin. It is not the largest flower we have seen, but for
shape, breadth of segments, and colour, it is superb.

Four large and beautiful forms of Cattleya Mossiz show this
polymorphic Cattleya at its best, one of them being much brighter in
colour than the others. Which of the named varieties they most resemble
we cannot say, for they are so numerous and so scattered that we have
lost trace of them.

Other flowers enclosed are Lelia tenebrosa and two good forms of L.
purpurata, an unspotted form of Cattleya X intricata—the natural hybrid
between C. intermedia and C. Leopoldi—together with good flowers of
Oncidium macranthum and the rare O. chrysodipterum, the whole forming
a very striking group.

Two beautiful forms of Cattleya Mendelii sent from the collection of
Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen, by Mr. Young, are
albescens, which received an Award of Merit from the Royal Horticultural
Society on June 13th last, and another very similar form, both being nearly
white, though with a slight tinge of palest blush.

208 THE ORCHID REVIEW’.

A charming form of C. Mendelii comes from the collection of
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., of Streatham, having blush pink sepals and petals
pure white side lobes to the lip, and the front lobe brilliant amethyst. It
is perfect in shape, and the colouring excellent. A light form of C. Mossia,
having the front lobe of the lip nearly white except along the centre, where
a little light purple marbling is retained, may be referred to the variety
delicata. A remarkable form of Odontoglossum crispum with a nearly a
square flat lip an inch broad may be called var. platychilum. The sepals: Ag
and petals are broad and round, and the colour blush white, and there are :
about three small brown blotches in front of the lip’s crest.

Among other flowers sent may be mentioned Lzelio-cattleya X ‘
Schilleriana in excellent condition, and a good dark form of Paphiopedilum —
Boxallii, from the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., of Teignmouth, and two —
flowers of P. exul from Isaac Carr, Esq., of Twerton-on-Avon.

——_—— + ~m 1

CURIOUS CROSSES.

THE mention of seedlings obtained from crossing Lelia harpopbylla |
with the pollen of Paphiopedilum villosum, and also from the reverse
cross will, of course, be met with a smile of incredulity, which the raiser
evidently anticipated when he remarked ‘“ Don’t say anything about it: :
I don’t want to be laughed at.” The facts, however, had better come out,
and we will only identify the raiser by saying that he is an expert hybridist.
One day, feeling Pickwickian, and doubtless ruminating on some of the
curious facts which have been recorded, he decided on making some really
rash experiment, and seeing nothing more unpromising in flower he made |
both the cross above named, and the reverse cross, using the viscid matter
from the rostellum of the Lelia to make the pollen adhere to the dry
stigma of the Paphiopedilum. Events soon showed that both crosses had
taken, and in due time the capsules matured, and the seed, appearing
good, was sown. Some of it germinated and the seedlings are now about —
half grown. We have seen and examined them, and in each case they _
resemble the mother plant. It is, of course, easy to suggest that in some 7
way self-fertilisation has taken place; but with a knowledge of the raisers
skill and methods, and in view of the repeated experiments betwee? a
Zygopetalum and Odontoglossum we look for another explanation. If not -
crossed the flowers shrivel and fall. In the case of Zygopetalum crossed

sy fi aes Pasar eds bo GUNS yo Se aeee has Mili caec litt fs ag. igen RE ea AD a RS Ee LGR aed Wee EMER y} rekd h, Jag ae Uae eee eg, Serta Lee iie! SS Vitek ah a a Pet eee

cause, hence the desirability of obtaining the reverse cross. Here is
something for the Hybridisation Conference to discuss; or at all events
for our Hybridists to follow up on a large scale, and explain if possible.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 209

SOPHROCATTLEYA x HARDYANA.

THE annexed illustration represents a most brilliant little hybrid from
the collection of F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey. It was
obtained by crossing Sophronitis grandiflora ? and Cattleya Aclandie 3,
and obtained an Award of Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society on
May roth, 1898, under the name of Sophrocattleya X George Hardy (Orch.
Rev., 1898, pp. 185, 270), a name which we have latinised above, according
to the rule for naming primary hybrids. It combines the characters of its
parents, though the flower in shape and colour most resembles the Soph-
ronitis, the lip and column, however, being considerably enlarged and

Fic. 13. SOPHROCATTLEYA X HARDYANA.

modified in shape. The habit is dwarf, as might naturally be expected, and
the flowers very large for the size of the plant, so that one can easily
imagine the effect which a strong plant in flower would produce. It also
appears to have a very good constitution. The photograph, for which we
are indebted to Mr. Hardy, gives an excellent idea of the shape of the
flower, but the colour appears too dark, a fault due to the well-known fact
that orange and scarlet fail to come out in their true proportions on the
photographic plate. Since the above was written a flower from another

210 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

plant has been sent by Mr. Stafford, Mr. Hardy’s gardener, which shows
more of the C. Aclandiz character. It is distinctly lighter in colour, and
both the sepals and petals bear numerous small purple spots, mostly near
the apex. The lip is much more distinctly three-lobed, the side lobes
larger and more erect, yellow veined with purple at the base, the front
lobe purple, and the disc bright yellow.

CATTLEYA NOBILIOR.

Tus handsome Cattleya was described by Reichenbach in 1883 (J/l. Hort.,
1883, t. 485; Gard. Chron., 1883, xix.,-p. 728, fig. 120), from plants
introduced by the Compagnie Continentale d’Horticulture, but has
hitherto remained very rare in cultivation. A good plant has
just flowered with Mr. J. Allgrove, florist, of Chiswick, who obtained
it some time ago as a supposed rare species, but unnamed. It
produced two racemes of three flowers each. It is very near to C.
Walkeriana, Lindl., and also produces its flowers from a short, special shoot,
which develops into an ordinary growth some time after the flowers have
withered. It is, however, of more vigorous growth, and produces larger
flowers, with the side lobes of the lip somewhat exceeding the column. The
flowers are light rose-purple in colour, with the disc of the lip whitish
yellow veined with pink. They are also deliciously fragrant. The plant
is now, we believe, in the collection of the Rey. Mr. Fletcher, of Chichester.
R. A. BR.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JULY.
By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

For the general management of the houses regarding damping, airing,
shading, &c., consult the previous issues bearing upon the summer
treatment and conditions, likewise for matters touching upon potting,
basketing, watering and syringing.

The heat of late has been intense, and quite upsets the figures given as 4
guide to the summer temperatures in the Calendar for May. In the East —
Indian House the thermometer has probably registered 10° to 20° in
advance. But such extra heat is anything but detrimental, if accompanied,
as it should always be, by a greatly increased amount of fresh air. It is
then possible to create something similar to their native element, which
imparts to the plants renewed health and vigour.

For Cool house plants some little anxiety may have been felt, as
the temperature of this department has probably on many occasions risen
almost as high as the warmest house. It has been practically impossible

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 211

to keep it down, nor is it altogether necessary that it should be so. I can
assure amateurs that there is absolutely no ground for fear from this heat,
for the short space of time which Nature favours us withit. So long as'air
is plentifully admitted both night and day, and moisture liberally distributed
after the heat of the day is past, no harm whatever will result ; in fact, in
the long run it will produce a beneficial influence. Some new beginners
thinking that the extra heat, even for a short time, will burn up or
otherwise injure their cool Orchids, invent various schemes for keeping
their house something like an ice house, but the plants as a rule do none
the better for it, and their exertions in this respect are usually thrown away.
Indeed, their plants run the risk of faring worse eventually than those
having had to rough it, so to speak, for the latter, if healthy, become
hardened and less susceptible to injury and disease, whilst the former may
perhaps become drawn and sappy, with a tendency to weakness, although
still retaining for the time being a more fresh, green, and healthy
appearance. :

Importations of Orchids are continually arriving, and those who prefer to
purchase in that condition and who understand their treatment in such
early stages, are quickly rewarded with healthy free growing plants, from
what in the first instance would appear to be dried up specimens from
which life had almost departed. When new arrivals are subjected to the
moist conditions of the houses they quickly respond, and commence to push
forth new roots and growths, and should then be potted up, and will soon
become established. It is necessary, of course, to be a little careful with
this work, and not seek to force them on too quickly, for Orchids will not
be forced against their will. The process of resuscitation should be allowed
to take place gradually. On receiving such imported plants, they should in
all instances be inured to strong light by degrees. If they be Cattleyas or
Lelias they should be freed from all dead roots, bulbs and leaves,
the remainder being well washed and freed from dust and dirt, afterwards
laying them on the stages and moistening at intervals when dry. If
they be Odontoglossums, Oncidiums, and similar kinds, after being cleaned,
they are best set on a layer of sphagnum moss, which should be kept moist,
the earliest to root being picked out occasionally and potted up.
Cypripediums, Angrecums, Phalznopsis and such like kinds are also best
if their roots are placed in moss, and after the first wash the leaves
had better be kept pretty free from water for a few weeks, or with too much
moisture they may be inclined to damp off. ae

Orchids newly imported may be purchased at almost any figure, just in
accordance with their size and healthiness. There are, of course, risks to
take, and I suppose nothing can be had without them. Many bargains are
undoubtedly made by buying in this stage, and choice varieties obtained at

212 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

small cost, but on the other hand some of them may never recover, whilst
others may also turn out inferior varieties.

I have on several occasions pointed out the great advisability of keeping
the plants absolutely free from injurious insect pests, and the simplicity
with which, nowadays, this may be accomplished. Yet one may often
notice the ravages of one or the other when viewing the collections of
beginners, and this I observe is mainly due to an incomplete knowledge of
the pests themselves, and of the signs which undoubtedly betray their
whereabouts. In fact, yellow thrip and red spider are so minute that they
are almost unobservable to the naked eye, and therefore the whitened,
withered and dried up leaves and new breaks is frequently attributed to
some wrong or unknown cause. Should the new breaks appear to come
away unkindly, and show any signs of colour or mark other than a healthy
green, an examination will most likely reveal the yellow thrip right down
in the very heart. Nothing will disturb these creatures like a dust of
tobacco powder. These thrips are also very fond of the tender flower buds,
to which the same remarks apply. Should the fully-matured foliage become
whitened on the under surface, black thrip or red spider are almost sure to
be there. The former may be detected by a number of small black spots,
which are the eggs of the insect in various stages. The presence of red
spider is not so easily detected, and one must look very closely, when a
number of tiny red specks will be seen, which are the insects themselves.
In both cases, sponging off with soapy water occasionally will effect a
cure. Aphis, both green and yellow, are, of course, large enough to be seen,
and should never be allowed to remain upon the plant. The recent hot,
dry weather has been favourable to the increase of the above named pests,
and if present at all I would advise an immediate fumigation with
XL All Insecticide, which with the help of a little tobacco powder in
difficult places, as the axis of the leaves of Cypripediums—which turn
quite rusty brown if thrip exist—will speedily have the desired effect.
Cockroaches must also be kept down, and for this, Chase’s Beetle Poison
is an excellent and simple remedy.

All re-potting which it is intended to perform this season should be
accomplished as far as possible during the present month, for if left until
late in the season, the days begin to shorten, and there is but little time left
for plants so disturbed to get well rooted again before the winter is upon
them. Several species here and there will doubtless yet receive attention
in this respect, probably a few Lelia purpurata, L. crispa, L. tenebrosa,
L. Dayana and L. pumila. The last two are uow breaking away very
freely, and, if re-potted soon, recover at this period, because when they do
make a start growth is very rapid, new roots being formed in abundance,
and the flowers appearing about November, There are also a few of the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 213

late blooming Odontoglossums in the Cool House which can be dealt with
now.

On looking round, a few plants may now be found which have already
completed their new growths, and these, of course, should have the lightest,
driest and most airy positions secured for them, but the supplies of water
at the roots should not at present be greatly diminished, because the roots
are still actively running, and drought at the present juncture would
probably cause secondary growths, which are better if absent. Among
these will be some of the earliest Cattleyas, such as C. Warscewiczil,
Gaskelliana, and C. Warneri, which bloom immediately the new psuedo-
bulb is completed, either with or without a sheath, and those failing to do
so quickly will most probably fail to do so this year, no matter what
treatment is given. Some of the earliest of the Dendrobiums and Thunias
may also be finishing up, and these it would be better to shift into
a greenhouse or vinery for a few months as they finish off, but, as
before said, without reducing the water.

Dendrobium Falconeri is a most lovely species when well grown, but
is sometimes rather troublesome to keep for long in a healthy state. It
greatly prefers an intermediate temperature, shade, and an abundance of
atmospheric moisture when growing, but should be rested in a cool
temperature throughout the winter months. Either a block, raft, or the
stem of a tree fern is preferable to a pan or basket, because its roots, which
are largely aerial, and appear from almost every node, have then something
to which they can cling and find support. When fixing this to a raft—
which I prefer, because the air has more play between the bars, keeping the
roots in a more healthy state—a number of plants can be put together at
the required distances apart, and a fine specimen thus built up, but no
sphagnum or other material should be fixed round the base or roots,
otherwise such material immediately round the roots will keep continually
soddened by the frequent syringing, while the rest of the raft is dry; a
condition of things which must, if possible, be avoided in the cultivation
of all block or raft Orchids.

Pescatoreas and Bolleas are nearly allied, and very beautiful and
interesting Orchids they are. They are easy of cultivation, provided
suitable conditions are found for them, and when so they grow clean,
handsome and graceful foliage, which is a pleasure to see; but unless
something nearly approaching the correct treatment can be given, they are
rather unsatisfactory plants to take in hand. An ordinary well-balanced
East Indian house or stove, not too hot, meets their requirements best.
They should there occupy a position tolerably well shaded, and where the
atmosphere keeps pretty moist and evenly balanced. They may be grown
either in pots or baskets, and their roots require nothing better than

314 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

sphagnum moss in which to ramble, and this should be kept moist the
greater part of the year. Under such treatment they sometimes do
extremely well, giving but little trouble, and a nice lot of lovely and curious
flowers. On the other hand, however, they are sometimes like Phalenopses,
not always seeming to fully appreciate one’s efforts to treat them well.
But even then some point may have been overlooked, and I advise all
admirers of beautiful Orchids to give them a fair trial, for they are
undoubtedly worthy of it.

Pescatorea cerina is a pretty species, producing its flowers from now until
late in the autumn. They are of a pale yellow colour, waxy in substance
and from two to three inches across, the lip being tipped with purple
more or less deeply ; they also last a long time. P. Dayana is about the
same size, the sepals and petals of which are more ivory white, tipped
with green, and the lip purple. This species usually produces its flowers
during the winter. P. Klabochorum is a great beauty, the flowers being»
larger and bolder, and the dark purple-colour with which the almost white
sepals and petals are tipped is very striking. It is somewhat scarce.
These plants, together with Warscewiczella and some others, are, by some
authors, placed under Zygopetalum, which, however, seems different in
growth, and in the structure of the flowers.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID
SOCIETY.

THE first meeting of the Society’s third year of existence was held at the
Coal Exchange, Manchester, on June 8th last, when many fine Orchids
came before the Committee, the following members of which were
present :—Messrs. Shorland Ball (in the chair), Law-Schofield, Thompson,
Duckworth, Parker, Cypher, Robson, Johnson, Dr. Hodgkinson, and
Weathers (Hon. Sec.)

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), showed very
fine forms of Cypripedium Lawrenceanum Hyeanum and C. callosum
Sandere, and the latter was unanimously awarded a First-class Certificate,
and was ordered to be painted. The former was similarly distinguished
last year.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed 4
fine Lelia purpurata called Statteriana, to which the Committee gave @
First-class Certificate under the name of L. p. Annie Louise.

John Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Lelio-
cattleya X Canhamiana, var. Duke of York, an exceedingly fine form,
which received a First-Class Certificate, and was ordered to be painted.
L.-c. X lIolanthe grandiflora (A.M.), L.-c. Iolanthe Duchess of York,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 215

L.-c. Arnoldiana (A.M.), Cattleya Mossie grandiflora, C. M. gigantea,
C. Mendelii, Lelia tenebrosa, Cypripedium xX Ashburtoniz expansum,
C. Rothschildiaum, Odontoglossum xX Coradinei, O. Pescatorei album
(First-class Certificate). The group contained many other good things
and was awarded a Silver-gilt Medal.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed a
very pretty form of Cattleya Mendelii (A.M.) and Cypripedium Xx Gower-
ianum magnificum (First-class Certificate).

R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), showed Leelio-
cattleya X Cauhamiana (A.M.) and Lelia majalis (A.M.).

W. G. Groves, Esq., Windermere (gr. Mr. Robertshaw), showed a very
fine Odontoglossum X Wilckeanum (First-class Certificate), O. crispum,
Groves’ variety (A.M.) and Phalzenopsis grandiflora with a very fine spike
of large flowers (A.M.).

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Bradford, showed a nice miscellaneous
group in which Cattleya Mossie Reineckeana was strongly represented,
and the best of which being brought before the Committee obtained a
First-class Certificate; and a very fine form of Stanhopea tigrina was
given an Award of Merit.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, showed Cattleya Mendelii, C. Mossiz
fimbriata, C. M. gloriosa, a suggested natural hybrid between C. specios-
issima and C. Mossiz, Cypripedium Lawrenceanum and Acanthephippium
bicolor, the group receiving a Vote of Thanks.

Mr. Robson, Altrincham, showed Odontoglossum luteopurpureum
hystrix. :

Mr. Cypher, Cheltenham, staged a small group, amongst which we
noticed some good forms of Cattleya Mossiz and C. Mendelii.

Messrs. Heath & Sons, Cheltenham, staged an interesting group of
miscellaneous Orchids.

THE TEMPLE SHOW.

THE great annual Show of the Royal Horticultural Society at the Inner
Temple Gardens is looked for as the great horticultural event of the year,
and has again been attended with great success. The display of Orchids
Was magnificent, the general opinion being that it was equal, if not
superior, to anything yet seen at the Temple, and the arrangements made
by the officials were excellent. The weather, too, was everything that
could be desired, and the visitors correspondingly numerous. The dates
fixed were May 31st to June 2nd, and consequently we were only able to
include a short preliminary note in our last issue (page 191). The general
arrangement is much the same as on previous occasions.

216 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The premier group was contributed by the President, Sir Trevor
Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), and was superb in
every respect, gaining the unanimous award of a Gold Medal. The back
was made up of finely-cultivated specimens of the larger showy Orchids of
the season, while interspersed among the smailer ones in front were many
of the choice botanical rarities for which the collection is sonoted. Among
the plants which we specially noted were Epiphronitis x Veitchii, with
ten fine racemes, two excellent examples of Vanda teres, each bearing
about three dozen flowers, grand specimens of Thunia Marshalliana and
Bensone, each with about twenty spikes, the fine T. B. superba, which
received an Award of Merit, a fine Cattleya Mossi Wageneri with six
racemes, Miltonia vexillaria varieties, profusely flowered, a grand plant of
Dendrobium nobile nobilius, Odontoglossum luteopurpureum with a spike
of nineteen flowers, several good O. crispum, one finely-grown specimen
bearing five racemes, Cymbidium tigrinum with eight spikes, some being
four-flowered, Epidendrum prismatocarpum with nine spikes, the white
Sobralia macrantha Kienastiana, a number of good Cattleyas, of which C.
Mendelii, Burford variety, and C. Mossiz Goosensiana, each secured an
Award of Merit, Lelia Cowani bearing a fine spike of bright yellow
flowers, some good L. purpurata, the richly-coloured Lezelio-cattleya X
eximia, L.-c. X Canhamiana, a fine Phalznopsis amabilis, Masdevallia
Harryana miniata with about 40 flowers, a fine M. H. regalis, Dendrobium
Falconeri, a well-flowered example of D. Victoria-Regina on a small raft,
the rare natural hybrid Oncidium x Larkinianum, O. pubes, some good
O. concolor, Maxillaria Sanderiana, Epidendrum Schomburgkii, E. X
Endresio-Wallisii, E. x elegantulum leucochilum, Cypripedium X
Fowlerianum, Burford variety, a noble C. Lawrenceanum, and good
examples of other species and hybrids. Among the rarer things were
Campanemia uliginosa, a tiny Brazilian plant with white flowers, probably
never previously exhibited, to which a Botanical Certificate was given.
Cypripedium przstans (C. glanduliferum of gardens but not of Blume),
which also received a Botanical Certificate, Restrepia trichoglossa,
Polystachya Lawrenceana, bracteosa, bulbophylloides and zambesiaca,
Saccolabium gemmatum, Masdevallia Wendlandiana, O’Brieniana, hiero-
plyphica, x Ajan,~ x Geleniana, caudata xanthocorys, Bulbophyllum
elegans and barbigerum, Epidendrum fuscesens, Habenaria rhodochila,
P hysosiphon Loddigesii, Ornithocephalus grandiflorus with six spikes, and
various other interesting things.

M. Jules Hye-Leysen, Coupure, Ghent, sent a small group of choice
things which were arranged in a glass case, and also gained the award of a
Gold Medal. It consisted of the superb Odontoglossum crispum
augustum, unrivalled among blotched crispums (Cultural Commendation);

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 217

O. c. Perle de Congo, a pretty blush-tinted and somewhat spotted flower
(Award of Merit), O. Hallii Lairesseanum, uniformly greenish yellow
(Award of Merit), a fine O. X excellens, a good O. X .Wilckeanum,
a yellow form of O. triumphans, O. tripudians, Miltonia vexillaria alba,
Lelio-cattleya Aphrodite Madame Albert Hye (First-class Certificate),
L.-c. X Hippolyta with eight superb flowers, and two or three other good
things.

J. Rutherford Esq., M.P., Beardwood, Blackburn, staged a fine group,
consisting chiefly of good forms of Cattleya Mossi, very well cultivated,
to which a Silver Cup was given. C. M. gloriosa was a large form, of fine
shape and very richly coloured lip, to which an Award of Merit was given ;
other noteworthy forms being C. M. Wageneri, Reineckeana, and
Rappartiana. The centre of the group was occupied by Lelio-cattleya
Xx Aphrodite var. Ruth, a noble white flower with the front of the lip
rich amethyst and some light yellow in the throat, and to this a First-Class
Certificate was given.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stcne (gr. Mr. Stevens), received
a Silver Cup for a small group of choice Odontoglossums, with a large
light form of Miltonia vexillaria, and four very good plants of the orange-
scarlet Cochlioda Noetzliana in front, the whole being neatly arranged on a
bank of hypnum moss. O. crispum Arthur Brisco, bearing a spike of
thirteen tinted flowers well spotted on the centre of the segments, received
a First-class Certificate, and O. triumphans King Alfred, a fine form with
yellowish-white ground blotched with tawny yellow, an Award of Merit.
Another noteworthy plant was O. luteopurpureum hystrix, bearing two
inflorescences, one a spike of thirteen flowers, the other a magnificent
panicle with six side branches and no less than forty-two flowers. It was
imported about five years ago, and has been grown on to its present
excellent condition. The others were O. xX Andersonianum albo-
maculatum, O. xX Coradenei waltonense and O. X C. Roeblingianum,
O. Pescatorei, O. x Wilckeanum Lowii, and half-a-dozen good examples
of O. crispum.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
also received a Silver Cup for an excellent group, including a pretty deep-
rose form of Phalaenopsis Sanderiana called Wigan’s var. (Award of Merit),
a fine specimen of Dendrobium thyrsiflorum with ten racemes, D. Dearel,
D. X Venus, D. x polyphlebium, the rare Stauropsis gigantea, Cypri-
pedium callosum Sandere, C. bellatulum album, and a fine C. Godefroy,
Epidendrum Parkinsonianum and Wallisii, Trichopilia tortilis, Cymbidium
Devonianum with four racemes, fine examples of C. Lowianum, Maxillaria
Sanderiana, Oncidium cucullatum, Miltonia Reezlii, Cattleya Skinneri alba,
C. superba, C. Schilleriana, the true Lalia grandis, fine forms >

218 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

purpurata, a fine example of Odontoglossum (érstedii (Cultural Com-
mendation), O. xX elegantius, X excellens and crispum, Ccelogyne
Schilleriana, Spathoglottis Vieillardii, Lzelio-cattleya X Schilleriana,
and others.

W. A. Gillett, Esq., Fairoak Lodge, Bishopstoke (gr. Mr. Carr), staged
a very effective group, to which a Silver-gilt Banksian Medal was given.
It contained some excellent forms of Cattleya Mossiz, Odontoglossum
crispum, O. Pescatorei, O. polyxanthum, Lelia purpurata, Dendrobium
infundibulum, Oncidium ampliatum, O. luridum guttatum, Cypripedium’
niveum, a beautiful specimen of Miltonia Phalznopsis covered with
flowers, and others.

W.C. Walker, Esq., Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr. Cragg), also received a
Silver-gilt Banksian Medal for an effective group, in which, besides the
usual showy species of the season, we noted a good Lycaste aromatica with
fifteen flowers, the graceful Brassia verrucosa, Cattleya. Loddigesii with
three racemes, C. Skinneri, C. citrina, Odontoglossum Harryanum, 9
O. cordatum, Oncidium Mashallianum, and others.

Malcolm S. Cooke, Esq., Kingston Hill (gr. M. Buckle) received a
Silver Flora Medal for a good group, containing a number of good Odonto-
glossums, Ada aurantiaca, Oncidium cucullatum, Lycaste Skinnerl,
Masdevallia x Chelsoni, Harryana and ephippium, together with well-
flowered examples of Miltonia vexillaria, Lelia purpurata, Cattleyas, &c.

Ludwig Mond, Esq., St. John’s Wood (gr. Mr. Clark), alse staged a
pretty little group, which gained a Silver Banksian Medal. It included
some good plants of Odontoglossum citrosmum, one of them bearing four
racemes, a good O. Hallii, O. crispum, Ccelogyne pandurata, Dendrobium
Devonianum, and some good Cattleyas and Lzelias.

Captain Law-Schofield, Rawtenstall, Manchester (gr. Mr. Shilb),
sent a very fine dark form of Lelia purpurata called var. Annie Louise,
with well expanded segments and a very fine lip, to which a First-class
Certificate was given.

Walter Cobb, Esq,, Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), sent
Miltonia vexillaria dulcotensis, a very richly-coloured form, to which an
Award of Merit was given.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), also received af
Award of Merit for Cattleya intermedia Pitt’s SSAUEYY: a pretty blush-white
form.

Major Joicey, Sunningdale Park (gr. Mr. Hislop), staged a splendid
specimen of Angulia Clowesii with nineteen flowers, and Lueddemannia
Lehmanni with four racemes, each of which deservedly received a Cultur
Commendation.

T. Statter, Esq., Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson), sent

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 219

Dendrobium Victoria-Regina with about twenty flowers, and the fine
Lelia purptirata Statteriana. ;

M. J. Ragot, Villenoy, France, sent Lelia X Ragotiana (grandis 2 X
cinnabarina ¢) with undulate orange sepals and petals and a dark crimson
lip. It bore two racemes and eleven flowers, and shows the characters of
both the parents.

G. Shorland-Ball, Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), sent a
good white form of Odontoglossum crispum.

T. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch, Reigate (gr. Mr. Salter), sent good
forms of Lelia purpurata and Cattleya Mossiz.

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond), sent
Lelio-cattleya x Amazone, derived from C. maxima and L. purpurata,
having blush sepals and petals, and some crimson round the prettily-veined
disc. —

A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), sent
Lelia x cinnabrosa.

The trade groups made a superb display, each occupying a large
amount of space, and we can only afford space to mention a few of their
leading features. Silver Cups went to five exhibitors.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, staged a very fine
group, containing many good Cattleya Mendelii and Mossiz, of the latter
the varieties Reineckeana and aurea grandiflora being the most striking ;
some fine C. Schilleriana, good forms of Lelia purpurata, Odontoglossum
crispum in variety, O. x Adriane, a nice lot of the brilliant Masdevallia
Veitchiana, M. X Courtauldiana, Lelia x cinnabrosa, a very good
Vanda teres, Dendrobium atroviolaceum, a brilliant Lzlio-cattleya X
Hippolyta, Oncidium hastatum, the graceful O. phymatochilum, a fine
specimen of O. divaricatum, Aérides Fieldingii, Epilalia x radico-pur-
purata and E. heatonensis (L. cinnabarina @ X E. X O’Brienianum ¢ ),
the latter with dark-red Epidendrum-like flowers, the handsome Cypri-
pedium x Gertrude Hollington, and other fine things (Silver Cup).

Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham, had also a brilliant group, in which
Cattleyas and forms of Lelia purpurata were excellent. We also noted
some charming little plants of Sophronitis grandiflora and Oncidium
concolor, O. sarcodes, O. Marshallianum, Dendrobium thyrsiflorum and
nobile, Epidendrum xanthinum, radicans, evectum and X O’Brienianum,
Odontoglossum x elegantius and others, Miltonia vexillaria, good examples
of Cattleya citrina, a very pretty seedling from Cattleya Warscewiczii and
Lelia Dayana, and other good things, the whole being very effectively
arranged (Silver Cup).

Messrs, Linden, L’Horticulture Coloniale, Brussels, staged a fine group
Consisting largely of choice Odontoglossums, with a few good Miltonia

220 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

vexillaria and other things. Two plants which each secured an Award of
Merit were Miltonia vexillaria Lindeniz, a fine form with flowers prettily
veined with pink; and Odontoglossum crispum Miss Linden, a good form,
neatly and copiously blotched on all the segments. We noted also some
good forms of O. X Andersonianum and O. X Wilckeanum, one of the
latter bearing a spike of fourteen flowers; the pretty little O. x Wend-
landianum, O. X cirrho-Hallii (raised artificially), O. triumphans Golden
King, a form with the markings nearly yellow; a fine O. sceptrum, 0.
Pescatorei, and two or three very pretty forms of O. X Adriane (Silver
Cup).

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, staged a superb
group, both culture and quality being excellent. Cattleya Mossie Beauty
of Bush Hill is a large and beautiful form, with veined sepals and petals,
the latter feather-like, and a richly-coloured lip, which secured a First-class
Certificate, and C. Mendelii Perfection, a large blush form with richly-
coloured lip, which gained an Award of Merit. Both species were Trep-
resented by other good forms, C. Mossiz Wageneri having the yellow of
the disc lighter than usual. We also noted some well-flowered Den-
drobium Bensonz, the rare D. x Leeanum, D. Falconeri, the handsome
Oncidium spilopterum, several good O. concolor, O. ampliatum and O.a.
citrinum, the latter clear yellow with the brown markings totally
obliterated ; a good example of Cypripedium Sanderianum, Odontoglossum
Uroskinneri, together with other showy species (Silver Cup).

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, also staged a very fine group,
containing many excellent examples of Odontoglossum crispum, together
with some good O. X Wilckeanum and O. Xx Andersonianum, also 0.
Coradinei, X mulus, X excellens, x elegantius, Pescatorei, ramosissimum,
x Adriane and maculatum, a beautiful specimen of Coelogyne Dayan
Bulbophyllum barbigerum with three racemes, Dendrobium atroviolaceum,
and superbiens, Miltonia Phalenopsis, x Bleuana, and some excellent
M. vexillaria, Oncidium superbiens, Lelio-cattleya x Hippolyta, and a
new hybrid between Cattleya Mossiz and Lelia tenebrosa, with flowers
most like the former in colour and the latter in shape, some good Thunia
Marshalliana, Cypripedium callosum Sandere, C. Sanderianum with 4
four-flowered spike, C. Chamberlainianum and a pretty hybrid between
it and C. insigne; also C. x orphanum, X conco-bellatulum, X Richmanil
and exul, the rare Lycaste Locusta, Cattleya nobilior, a fine specimen of
C. Lawrenceana, and various other showy things (Silver Cup).

Ereiee oe nia ae ey Sia ales ie ee =
cork stand at either oe oe eden baie! et ye S
end, in the pockets of which were placed good examp'

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 221

of Miltonia vexillaria, Odontoglossum crispum and other Orchids. We
noted also some fine examples of Oncidium Marshallianum, sarcodes,
varicosum, and Lelia purpurata, remarkable among the latter being L. p.
Ashton, whose flower is pure white, with only a trace of pencilling on the
yellow disc. The flower, however, was undeveloped. We also noted
Cattleya Mossiz, Mrs. C. H. Feiling, with a very dark and richly coloured
lip, which secured an Award of Merit, two good plants of Epidendrum
hastatum with eleven flowers each, Cypripedium X Gertrude Hollington,
C. Masterianum, Physosiphon Loddigesii, some fine Lelia tenebrosa and
other showy things.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Hollow, also staged a large and
showy group, to which a Silver-gilt Banksian Medal was given. It
contained some fine examples of Oncidium Marshallianum, concolor and
sarcodes, Calanthe Sanderiana and veratrifolia, a nice lot of Lelia purpurata,
together with nearly a score each of Cattleya Mendelii and Mossi, the
former being especially in fine condition, Cymbidium Lowianum, Miltonia
flavescens, Anguloa Clowesii, Vanda tricolor, suavis and teres, Dendrobium
Devonianum, Coelogyne Massangeana, Cypripedium superbiens, barbatum,
Odontoglossums, &c., also a fine example of Macodes Petola under a
bell-glass.

Messrs. James Backhouse and Sons, York, had also a small group of
Orchids tastefully arranged with foliage plants. It included a good
Lelia tenebrosa, Sobralia macrantha and x Amesiana, the handsome
Oncidium Lanceanum and Marshallianum, a very fine form of Cattleya
Schilleriana, Dendrobium Dearei and suavissianum, together with a few
examples of Cattleya Mossize, Mendelii, Odontoglossum crispum, and
Cypripedium bellatulum.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

TuE display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminister, on
June 13th, was exceptionally fine, considering how quickly it followed the
great Temple Show. The members of the Committee present were :—
H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), i:
Ashworth, T. B. Bond, H. J. Chapman, J. Colman, S. Courtauld, De B.
Crawshay, J. G. Fowler, J. T. Gabriel, H. Little, F. Mason, A. Outram,
H. T. Pitt, F. Sander, A. H. Smee, W. H. Young, and, by invitation,
Hugh Dixson, of Sumner Hill, N. S. Wales.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), staged a fine
group, which gained a Silver-gilt Flora Medal. It contained three
beautiful forms of Cattleya Mendelii, a nice series of C. Mossie forms,
including a fine C. M, Reineckeana, C. Mendelii albescens, nearly

222 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

white, but tinted with very light blush (Award of Merit), some good
Miltonia vexillaria, including M. v. alba, and the handsome M. v. Memoria
G. D. Owen (Cultural Commendation), a good Epidendrum atropurpureum,
Odontoglossum X elegantius, some good Cypripediums, Lzelias, &c.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), sent the large
and handsome Odontoglossum X Coradinei Crawshayanum (Award of
Merit), and a nice lot of O. crispum, remarkable both for quality and good
culture. One of them carried a good capsule on last year’s bulb, and has
since produced two fine spikes. The group received a Silver Banksian
Medal.

J. Bradshaw, Esq., Southgate (gr. Mr. Whiffen), also staged a very
good group, containing several good Cattleya Mossie, a beautiful C.
Mendelii, C. intermedia alba, C. Warneri, Lycaste Deppei, Epidendrum
vitellinum, Dendrobium Jamesianum, Leelio-cattleya x Aphrodite, and
some good Odontoglossum crispum and Lelia purpurata.

J. G. Fowler, Esq., S. Woodford (gr. Mr. Davis), sent a finely-coloured
form of Lzlio-cattleya x Aphrodite, and some good Lzlias and Cattleyas,
two which secured Awards of Merit being C. Eldorado Glebelands vat.,
a bright rose-coloured variety, with very dark lip in front of the orange
throat, and C. Mossiz Victoria, a fine white, with delicate light purple
reticulation on the petals, and much yellow on the lip.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook), sent Odontoglossum
x Adriane Ashworthianum, a very large cream-white form densely spotted
with light brown, which secured a First-Class Certificate.

Mr. J. D. Leech, The Gardens, Wood Hall, Dulwich, sent 4
large, finely-flowered Epidendrum Wallisii, which received a Cultural
Commendation.

A. H. Smee, Esq., Carshalton (gr. Mr. Humphreys), sent Bulbophyllum
nutans and B. modestum, each receiving a Botanical Certificate.

Leopold de Rothschild, Esq., Gunnersbury (gr. Mr. Hudson), sent
the pretty little Bartholina pectinata, which gained a Botanical Certificate.

G. W. Bird, Esq., Manor House, West Wickham (gr. Mr. Redden),
sent two good forms of Odontoglossum crispum, and one of O.
Andersonianum.

W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle (gr. Mr. Barker), showed a fine form
of Lelio-cattleya x Canhamiana.

N. C. Cookson, Esq., Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray), sent a good
form of Lelio-cattleya x C. G. Roebling.

R. G. Fletcher, Esq., Mount Harry, Brighton, sent a pretty rose-tinted
— of Odontoglossum crispum, and a very good O. x Adriane.

- B. Haywood, Esq., Reigate (gr. Mr. Salter), sent a nicely spotted
Odontoglossum crispum guttatum,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 223

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanical Gardens, Glasnevin, sent
Epidendrum porphyreum and Eulophia guineensis.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), sent Cattleya
Forbesii, Zygopetalum crinitum, and a light-coloured form of Lelia
tenebrosa.

Baron Sir H. Schréder, Staines (gr. Mr. Ballantine), sent the beautiful
Phalznopsis X John Seden.

_ H. F. Simonds, Esq., Beckenham (gr. Mr. Day), showed a large form
of Lelia purpurata.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed an exceptionally fine
group, which secured the award of a Gold Medal. It contained several fine
forms of Lelio-cattleya x Canhamiana and X Aphrodite, L.-c. x
Wellsiana, x Hippolyta, a nice lot of Disa Xx Veitchii, Phalenopsis X
Luedde-violacea, several forms of Epidendrum X O’Brienianum, E. X
elegantulum and var. luteum, Epiphronitis xX Veitchii, the beautiful
Spathoglottis x aureo-Vieillardii, Lelia Xx Latona and some good
L. purpurata, Masdevallia x Curlei and a splendid pan of M. Veitchiana
grandiflora, Cattleyas Mossiz and Mendelii, Sobralia macrantha
Kienastiana, Trichopilia coccinea, Ccelogyne Dayana, Angrecum
modestum, Phaius bicolor, and numerous good Miltonias, Odontoglossums
and Oncidiums. Awards of Merit were given to Epidendrum X
langleyense (Wallisii @ X Pseudepidendrum ¢) and Lelio-cattleya
x Lucilia (L.-c. x Schilleriana @ xX C. Dowiana 3). ;

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, staged a good group which received
a Silver Banksian Medal. It contained a series of grand forms of Cattleya
Mossiz, some excellent C. Mendelii, and Odontoglossum crispum,
Epidendrum prismatocarpum, Lelia flava, Aérides Houlletianum and
other showy species.

Messrs. Stanley-Mobbs & Ashton, Southgate, also obtained a Silver
Banksian Medal for a good group, including fine forms of Cattleya Mossi,
C. Schilleriana, Lelia tenebrosa, Odontoglossums, Oncidiums, and other
Showy species. ;

Mr. T. Rochford, Broxbourne, showed Odontoglossum X Adriane
Rochfordianum, a handsome form with two strong spikes (Cultural
Commendation).

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, showed a small ss
the most noteworthy being the handsome Lzlio-cattleya’ X Engram
superba, with intensely dark lip, and a very fine form of L.-c. X Gottorana.

Messrs. J. MacBean & Sons, Cooksbridge, sent a beautiful white form of
Cattleya Mendelii, with a small rose marking on the lip.

Mr. W. Bolton, Warrington, showed Cattleya Mendelii Blue Queen, 4
Pretty light form with a tint of lavender-blue on the lip.

group of Orchids,

224 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CATTLEYA LABIATA VAR. LILAcINa, L, Lind.—Lindenia, t. 649.

CaTTLeYA Mossi (specimen plant).—Gard. Chron., June 24, p. 411,
with plate.

CATPLEYA TRIANE VAR. C@RULESCENS, L. Lind.—Lindemia, t. 653.

CYPRIPEDIUM X ALICE (malformed).—Gard. Chron., June 3, P- 351
fig. 125.

CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE VAR. NOBILIUS, L. Lind.—Lindenia, t. 656.

DENDROBIUM NOBILE CooKsoni.—Garden, June 24, p. 445, with fig.

DENDROBIUM PIERARDI LATIFOLIUM.—Garden, June 10, p. 405, with fig.

EpIPHRONITIS X VEITCHII.—Journ. of Hort., June 22, p- 514, fig. 112.

L&LIA PRESTANS VAR. ALBA OCULATA, L. Lind.—Lindenia, t. 655.—
var. Leemanniz, L. Lind.—d.c., t. 652.

L&LIA PURPURATA ANNIE LouIsE.—Journ. of Hort., June 22, pp- 514;
515, fig. 113.

L2#LIO-CATTLEYA X APHRODITE RuTH.—Gard. Mag., June 10, PP:
345, 348, with fig.

OpONTOGLOSsUM X CORADINEI VAR. MOORTEBEEKIENSE, L. Lind.—
Lindenia, t. 650. A form of O. X Denisonz (Wilckeanum).

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (with three stamens).—Gard. Chron., June
24, p. 413, fig. 152.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM ARTHUR Brisco.—Journ. of Hort., June 1,
p. 484, fig. 107.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM VAR. TIGRINUM, L. Lind,—Lindenia, t. 651.

ODONTOGLOSsSUM SOLEIL DE Muysen, L. Lind.—Lindenia, t. 654- A
form of O. X excellens.

ONcIDIUM vaRIcosuM RoGERsI.—Garden, June 10, p. 408, t. 1226.

PHALENoPSIS X J. SEDEN.—Garden, June 24, p. 448, with fig.

PHALZNOPSIS X LEUCORRHODA CASTA.—l.c., p- 449, with fig.

PHAL&NOPSIS X SCHRGDERH.—I.c., p. 449, with fig., also t. 1228.

SACCOLABIUM C@LESTE.—Journ. of Hort., June 15, pp. 484, 485, fig- 108.

SELENIPEDIUM X MACROCHILUM GIGANTEUM GRANDE (malformed).—
Gard. Chron., June 3, p. 360, with plate.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.
(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and 1s 30 :
cases, Jor various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue. In the case of hybrid seedling: ;
sent for name, the parentage and history should always be briefly stated, for without these details w
are not always able to deal with them satisfacto ily.)
little spotted form of Odontoglossum x Ander
ium nobile, but we think not quite var. Cypher".
H.G., Haslingden.— Lelia tenebrosa, a good, very well coloured variety.
T C.H., Richmond.—Yes, certainly Masd i i i fail t0
g ; . evalli 2 seedling we
identify at present, , y Masdevallia coriacea, The §

WS, Wonham.—A light yellow,
sonianum, and a light form of Dendrobi

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VII. “AUGUST, 189. 4) TNon be

THE —

An Fllustrated aonthly Journal, ie
DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY. fe:

Contents.
ig PAGE

andar of Operations for August ... 244 | Manchester and North of England
etum Bungerothii * . 244 Orchid Society vee Sy salt os Hg

leya Mendelii, abnormal (Fig. “ 241 | Mere Bank Collection .. is :
Corning Orchid Collection ... 3. 24a) Notes... oa a ae + 225
Correspondence, A] ee ae ee ... 256 Obituary : : oe yee 3
Coryanthes Mastersiana Te ... 230 | Orchid houses at eee v3 ae ie

Orchidianze Are ihe ... 227 | Orchid Portraits we x ++ 25
isation Conference... 233, 252 Orchids at the Hybridisation Con-
38 240 ference eae
SaRiicaticys x jelbetia Sy 5. 240 Orchids at. te Royal Horticultural. :
a Masdevallia x Pluto see wee 240 | Society ce
Odontoglossum ic Bonkinel! Gore Orchids, Condi Collection es: es
Crawshayanum ea bi aes aD Orchids in season ee eas Mae
a Digbyana, capsule ...__—.... 228 | Spyers, the late J.C. ve

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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Vor. VII.] AUGUST, 1899. [No. 80,

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James’ Street, Westminster, during August, on the 15th and
29th respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour,
12 o'clock noon.

The August meeting of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on the 17th
inst. The Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are
open to inspection from 1 o’clock until 3 p.m.

We learn that the Society has again decided to award, at the end of the
Society’s year, Gold, Silver-gilt, and Silver Medals to the three members
who shall obtain the highest number of marks for exhibits during the year,
on the same lines as those given last year.

The issues of the Dictionnaire Iconographique des Orchideés for January
and February last are recently to hand, and contain the usual instalment
of beautiful little pictures, among which we notice the rare Maxillaria
Houtteana, Dendrobium ochreatum, Odontoglossum (Erstedii, Phalaenopsis
Esmeralda, and the brilliant Lzelio-cattleya x Hyeana. An untortanate
mistake occurs respecting Cattleya Loddigesii and C. Harrisoniana, the
figures and descriptions of which are unfortunately transposed, as anyone
may see who will compare them with the original figures. The way in
Which these two names have been transposed in gardens has been alluded
to on more than one previous occasion.

A very curious flower of Paphiopedilum barbatum is sent from o
Collection of the Rev. E. Baddeley, Long Marston, York, which consists :
ne sepal, and one petal in addition to the lip. The sepal is underneat

226 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the lip, and apparently consists of two united, while the petal occupies the
erect position of the dorsal sepal. The staminode is also abortive, and one
anther only developed, though the stigma is normal. The peculiarity
seems fixed, this being the third year it has flowered in this condition.

A series of Disas sent from the collection of H. J. Elwes, Esq,
Colesborne, Gloucestershire, by Mr. Lane, include the beautiful D. x Veitchii,
with its parents D. racemosa and D. grandiflora, also D. X kewensis,
derived from the last named and D. tripetaloides, and a new seedling, which,
it is thought, may have come from D. racemosa crossed with D. X Veitchii,
for in the petals and other characters it seems about three-fourths racemosa.
The record gave D. x kewensis as the pollen parent, but there is scarcely
a trace of the tripetaloides spots, and Mr. Lane thinks this must be a
mistake. It may be possible to clear up the doubtful point in future.

An Orchid is a rather unlikely place in which to look for a bird’s nest.
A robin, however, has selected a medium-sized plant of Phragmipedilum X
Dominianum for the purpose in Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.’s Nursery at
Bush Hill Park, and has successfully hatched two young ones. The plant
is not secluded, and Messrs. Low have not seen such a thing before.

A three-flowered raceme of the pretty little Masdevallia x Acis is sent
from the collection of Captain Hincks, Richmond, Yorks. It isa seedling
from M. abbreviata, crossed with either M. Veitchiana or one of its hybrids,
this point being still uncertain. From comparison, however, we think the
pollen-parent was M. X Chelsoni. It is much like the seed-parent in
general character, but the flowers are considerably enlarged, and covered
with the iridescent violet hairs of M. Veitchiana, the contiguous halves of
the lateral sepals being deep yellow and the tails reddish-orange. It was
described at page 82 of our fourth volume.

A supplement to the Gardeners’ Chronicle for July 15th contains the
portraits of thirty-six distinguished hybridists, and among them the follow-
ing Orchidists: the late John Dominy, the pioneer of Orchid hybridisation ;
his successor, John Seden; Charles Maron, the raiser of so many fine
hybrids in France; C. C. Hurst; and R. A. Rolfe.

A splendid raceme of Cattleya Leopoldi is sent by Messrs. Hugh
Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, bearing twenty-six richly-coloured
flowers, and was evidently cut from a very strong plant. When thus grown
it is a noble species.

A raceme of the prettily variegated Cattleya Gaskelliana picta is sent
by Mr. A. J. Keeling, of Bingley, Yorks. It came out of a last yea! s
importation, and is now flowering for the first time.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. =

We have received the new edition of the Collection of Cypripediums of
R. H. Measures, Esq., The Woodlands, Streatham, brought down to June
last, which we learn has been revised with the help of Messrs. F. Sander
& Co. It now extends to 203 pages of waistcoat-pocket size, and is over
half-an-inch thick. It is very useful as a means of ascertaining the history
of any given plant, but it would have been handier to use if the 27 pages
of “ Addenda ’’ had been incorporated in the body of the work. Here we
note over a page of additional named varieties of C. insigne, making an
aggregate of over 150, though it is difficult to see what useful purpose
thirteen pages of names without additional information can serve.

The Decennial Congress of Botanical Science of Belgium has, by Royal
‘Warrant of July 4th, 1899, awarded to Professor A. Cogniaux, of Verviers,
a prize of 5,000 francs for botanical work accomplished between 1892 and
1898, including the Orchids of the Flora Brasiliensis, and the Dictionnaire
Iconographique des Orchidées.

His Majesty the King of the Belgians, by a degree signed at Laeken on
June 27th last, has conferred on Dr. Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S., Editor
of the Gardeners’ Chronicle, the honour of Officer of the Order of Leopold.

The President and Council of the Royal Horticultural Society have
awarded a Victoria Medal of Horticulture to Mr. James Douglas, in place
of the late Malcolm Dunn. The honour is well deserved, as Mr. Douglas’
services to Horticulture, including Orchidology, are well known.

A pretty white form of Cattleya Mossiz with some lilac veining on the
lip in front of the yellow disc, is sent by Mr. G. Bayer, of Hamburg.
It is allied to C. M. Reineckeana.

DIES ORCHIDIAN.

he event of the past month,
It is too soon at present to
port will be

Tue Hybridisation Conference was certainly t
and on the whole passed off very successfully.

estimate the aggregate results, and the appearance of the full re
awaited with interest. So far as Orchids are concerned, however, I must
confess to a little disappointment that the occasion did not produce more 1n
the way of novelty. Of course, hybrid Orchids are not made 1
there is no known means of getting them to flower to order, or the result
would have been different. There were some novelties—at all events, I do
not remember to have met with them before—and I am curious to know
Which of them will secure the Veitch Memorial Medal. The awards of
the Orchid Committee have been published, but those of the Special or)
mittee appointed for this occasion are, I believe, not yet announced. O

na day, and

228 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

older hybrids there was a fine display, the groups shown by Messrs. James
Veitch & Sons, and by M. Ch. Maron, being fine in themselves, and
specially interesting because raised by the exhibitors. There were also
several other groups, among them that staged by the President, Sir Trevor
Lawrence, being very fine, and a specially interesting feature was that the
parents, or such of them as were available at the time, were present for
comparison, as was also the case in Messrs. Veitch’s exhibit. It was
unfortunate, however, as the event proved, that the exhibition had to be
held in the big Vinery, for the atmosphere was like that of a Turkish bath,
and it was a relief to be able to get outside again. The building might
serve on a cool day, but if the experiment is repeated I hope to see a tent
provided for the occasion.

The question of Lzlio-cattleya x Dominiana and its varieties has been
pretty fully discussed in recent issues (pp. 50, 69), and now another chapter
may be added to the history. It appears that at the R.H.S. Meeting on June
27th, a plant was exhibited under the name of Lzlio-cattleya x Fire King,
the parentage being unrecorded. This the Orchid Committee recognised,
and accordingly changed the name to L.-c. x Dominiana Fire King before
granting a First-class Certificate. Two days later a plant was brought
before the Manchester Orchid Society by another exhibitor under the name
of L.-c. x Fire King var. Frances Mary, and was awarded a First-class
Certificate under that name. This makes the sixth distinct name which
this hybrid has received, and as for awards it seems able to secure one each
time it appears. The R.H.S. alone has given it four First-class Certificates
and three Awards of Merit, and I hope they will make a note of the fact
for future use. It is at least satisfactory that they inserted the correct
specific name before granting the award, and I can only regret that the
Manchester Society overlooked this little detail.

The distinctness or otherwise of two or three Lelia purpurata varieties
was discussed last month (pp. 198, 199), and now we have a further con-
tribution to the question. A figure of L. p. Mrs. R. J. Measures has
appeared (Garden, July 15th, p- 46), having been reproduced from @
photograph, and certainly shows very little if any character by which it
may be distinguished from L. p- Annie Louise. ; It appears, however, to
have come from a different source, having been sent from Brazil direct by
Kromer. The flowers are said to have been slightly smaller than the one
certificated at the Temple show, but this is attributed to the raceme
bearing five flowers (as shown in the figure), while Mr. Law-Schofield’s
plant had only two. The R.H.S. Orchid Committee, however, appears to
have considered them distinct, for the Temple award is said to have been

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 229

made after comparison of the three plants, two of which are known to be
subdivisions of one original one. But distinct or not we read:—“ Surely
such a plurality of names is unnecessary, especially now the Orchid
Committee has the coloured drawings to fall back upon. There are
surely blunders enough in the nomenclature of hybrids in the past, where
distinctive names have been recognised over and over again of plants
from the same parentage. Continuation of this system can only cause
greater contusion.”

A correspondent alludes to the rapidly growing confusion in the
nomenclature of hybrids in very caustic terms, and admires the candid
remark made by the Editor of the Gardeners’ Chronicle, reproduced in my
last month’s notes (p. 196) :—‘‘ We fear that complications of the kind are
more often intentional than accidental.” And, what is more, he sends two
or three instances of changes of names and records of parentages, which
have such a remarkable connection with some recent awards that he cannot
regard them as merely accidental; and, after perusing them, I regret to
say that I am forced to the same conclusion. My correspondent asks me to
give the matter my most careful attention, and I certainly will give an eye
to the business. The question is certain to crop up again when the records
and parentages of certain hybrids come to be seriously considered, as they
eventually must be. And here the matter must remain for the present.

ARGUS.

THE NEW ORCHID HOUSES AT KEW.

DurinG last year, says the Kew Bulletin, the Orchid houses in the Royal
Gardens, Kew, were entirely re-constructed. The old houses, which were
erected in 1869, had proved quite unsuited to the cultivation of Orchids
according to modern practice; they were too lofty, and the plants in
consequence too far removed from the glass. They were, in fact, almost
useless except for the temporary exhibition of plants in flower, which had
been grown in the Orchid pits. ‘The woodwork of the houses had so far
decayed that their re-construction had become necessary: It was decided
to carry this out on an entirely different plan. The mixed construction of
wood and iron (or rather rolled steel) now generally employed at Kew was
adopted. The tall central stage was abolished, and two Sere
each 82 feet long and 12 feet wide, were erected on the site which ha
formerly been covered by a single span. Each range is divided Abe
transverse partition into a warm and cooler portion. The southern (le 4
hand) range has an ordinary stage on the left side, and a low bed on t -
tight for large plants. In the warm portion will be found the species ©

“3° THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Dendrobium, Eria, Cattleya, Bulbophyllum, and Stanhopea, &c.; in the
cooler, those of Cymbidium, Sobralia, Maxillaria, Epidendrum, Ccelogyne,
Lelia, &c. The northern (right-hand) range has ordinary stages on both
sides, that on the left being over atank. The warm portion is devoted to
such genera as Vanda, Aerides, Phalznopsis, Angreecum, Cypripedium, and
Aneectochilus; the cool to Odontoglossum, Masdevallia, Oncidium, Lycaste,
&c. These ranges, which are open to the public, now contain a large pro-
portion of plants which are permanently cultivated in them. They still
serve, as before, for the exhibition when in flower of those which require
special cultural treatment in the Orchid pits. These pits are connected
with the exhibition houses by a glazed corridor, which also communicates
with a new potting shed.

OBITUARY.

WE regret to learn of the death, on July r4th, after a very short illness, of
Major Mason, J-P., of The Firs, Warwick. The deceased gentleman, who
was in his seventy-ninth year, has long been known to Orchid growers as
the possessor of a fine representative collection, and at the time of his
death was a member of the Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural
Society, besides having formerly served on the Council. During early life
he was in the service of the East India Company.

CORYANTHES MASTERIANA.

Tus interesting species has just flowered in the collection of Sir Trevor
Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking. It was described in 1891 by Lehmann
(Gard. Chron., 1891, x, p- 483), as a plant of Colombian origin, where it
§tows on trees or woody lianas, not far above the ground, in dense and
exuberantly-developed woods at the lower extremity of the valley of the
Cauca at an elevation from 800 to 1,100 métres. The plants were said to
be large and very floriferous, and the spike stiff, upright, and two to three-
flowered. In the details of the lip it does not quite agree with the original
description, which runs as follows :—

‘The lip, connected with the column by a short, thin arm at a right
angle, consists of a thick, deep, bell-shaped hypochil, which is 2°5 cm. in
diameter, 2 cm. deep, and with a smooth limb ; a thick, fleshy, cymbiform,
gibbous mesochil, which, on its outside, bears three large, tooth-shaped
callosities, of which the lower one is the largest, and hidden in the hood
of the hypochil; and a large, bell-shaped epichil, which has a two-lobed
margin, and a fleshy, deep, tridentate apex. The colour cannot be given -

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 231

with certainty, as the only flowers found were already slightly faded; it
appears to be yellow, stained with red, the hypochil of the lip deep,
glowing red.”
The flowers produced under cultivation have the hypochil, or helmet,
dorsally compressed, three-quarters of an inch broad and high, with the
margin sinuately arched in front, and bearing inside and near the margin
outside some remarkable stellate hairs of cystalline appearance, and the
mesochil, though strongly gibbous, is not broken up into three teeth. These
differences, however, may arise from variation in the species. The colour
of the sepals, petals, epichil (bucket), and face of the column is yellow,
densely spotted with red-brown; the mesochil darker and less spotted, and
the helmet marbled with deep brownish crimson, with only a few traces of
yellow at the back. It is interesting to find another species of this
remarkable genus in cultivation. It can best be compared with C. maculata,
which, together with the large and handsome C. macrantha, has recently
flowered at Kew.
RuoAs Ra

THE MERE BANK COLLECTION.

D. B. Rappart, Esq., may be congratulated on his success in the art of
Hybridisation in his collection at Liscard. It seems to be perfectly easy for
him to obtain healthy, strong seed pods on Dendrobium Wardianum, for he
has done so on several occasions, and is now rewarded with tiny seedlings
of which that species is the seed-bearing parent; while at the present time
there is to be seen in his houses a very fine large pod nearing maturity
which is remarkably distinct from most others, on account of its peculiar
glaucous colour. It is fertilized with D. x Ainsworthii intertexum. The
above feat is well worthy ot record, but it seems to be overshadowed by
another, which is nothing less than a fine batch of Odontoglossum seedlings,
up and doing well. These are from the crosses :-—QO. crispum x. Edwardit,
O. cordatum x Edwardii (also the reversed cross), and O. Edwardit a
Uroskinneri. Needless to say these wonderful little plants are watched “e
nursed with great care and justifiable pride, both by Mr. Rappart and his
able gardener, Mr. Nicholson.

There are many other seedlings here of great interest
of growth, such for instance as D. Wardianum x nobile,
lius, D. W. x splendidissum grandiflorum, D. nobile grandiflorum x <a
Worthii intertexum, Lzelia purpurata x Cattleya Warscewiczil, i tene rosa
X Cattleya Warscewiczii, C. Mossia x Warscewiczii, Lelia superbiens x
Cattleya Dowiana aurea, C. Skinneri alba x Parthenia, C. Gaskelliana alba
X Lelia Digbyana, and L. purpurata x Digbyana.

in different stages
D. W. x n. nobi-

232 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

We also noted a number of extremely rare species, and hybrids a
vation, including such grand things as Cattleya Gaskelliana a : =
intermedia Parthenia, C. Mossiz concolor, C. M. Rapparees Py 7
Wageneri, C. Eldorado Wallisii, C. Trianze Sander’s — i Be
Backhousiana, C. T. alba, C. Mendelii Venus, a grand specimen pian i :
* Hardyana, and Lelio-cattleya x exoniensis. We also noticed a _ ei ;
of Dendrobium Findlayanum album, D. x Apollo grandiflorum, ote
Amesiz, D. n. albiflorum, D. n. Rappartianum, D. n. ee ‘
x Schneiderianum, D.x Juno, D x Luna, and many other good sep =

A particularly fine lot of Cattleya superba should be here ee
it is generally understood that this species deteriorates. This is es
not the case here, as’ it produces fine pseudobulbs each year, and loo Ay
be equatly well at home as the most easily grown Species. I pi
this all important point, that the position has been hit off to moe
They receive an ordinary Cattleya house temperature; and are eee:
in the teak wood pot-shaped baskets now so popular for Cattleyas, -
and Dendrobes. In fact, Mr. Rappart grows the whole of his mk
these receptacles and finds them admirably adapted for the eee
suspended near the roof glass, receiving an abundance of water pared
the growing season. In the same department, and also suspended, ee : ne
a grand batch of Cattleya Warscewiczii (gigas) in fine ee 2 —
promising well for a fine show later on, whilst equally worthy of no

batch of Vanda cerulea doing well. iam

Growers of Lelia Digbyana and Oncidium sarcodes, two we Be

difficult species, will also be interested to hear of the methods ee ae
and which seem to prove eminently successful. They are simply p * we
in pots in nothing else but the best leaf soil, and are certainly wiper
and no better proof than this should be necessary as to whether lea 9
is a suitable compost. It is claimed that these species growing ee
fully exposed are disposed to root deeply in search of moisture, —
being so the leaf soil is a capital substitute for their native soil. ee
would be no harm in trying a few more of the sun-loving Orchids whic pe
difficult to cultivate in a similar compost. Oncidium Marshallianum Is

here being cultivated in leaf soil, and is doing well. ate

A small department is devoted to the culture of Lelia anceps, the plan :
receiving the full rays of the sun, and succeeding very well, numerov
flower- eir appearance.

nice ee of what was purchased
Warscewiczii (gigas), as the time

spikes now commencing to make th
Much interest is just now centred on a
(newly imported) for a pure white Cattleya

is approaching when it may probably flower. We earnestly hope it ae!
turn out to be what it was represented to be. H.A. B-

*

and the counteracting influence of Dean Herb

THE ORCHID REVIEW’ 233

THE HYBRIDISATION CONFERENCE.

THE Conference on Hybridisation and Cross-breeding, convened by the
Royal Horticultural Society, which may be described as the most important
event of the Society’s year, was opened at the Society’s Gardens, Chiswick,
on July r1th, and brought together a thoroughly representative gathering,
including several distinguished Continental and American hybridists. The
exhibits were staged in the big Vinery, and as the day was fine and very hot
it proved anything but a suitable building for the purpose, the heat being
excessive. The various Committees, including a special one appointed to
advise the Council as to the awards, met at 12 o’clock, and, after adjudicating

upon the exhibits, were entertained at luncheon, together with the foreign

guests; and this being over, the business of the Conference proper
commenced. An account of the Orchids exhibited will be found on another
page, and in the following report we shall have to confine ourselves chiefly
to Orchids and to those general questions which have some bearing upon
the subject.

The Conference was held in a large tent on the lawn, Dr. Masters,
F.R.S., being in the Chair. In his opening remarks, the Chairman, after
welcoming ‘“‘ our friends from across the sea,” thanked the Council of the
Royal Horticultural Society for the opportunity of meeting in these time-
honoured gardens to discuss what he ventured to think was one of the most
important subjects in modern progressive horticulture. To appreciate the
importance of cross-breeding and hybridisation, we had only to look round
our gardens and exhibition tents, or to scan the catalogues of our nursery-
men. A few years ago the phrase ‘‘ new plants” meant new introductions
from abroad, but now, with the possible exception of Orchids, such plants
were relatively few. The new plants of to-day were mostly products of the
gardener’s skill. Selection had done much to improve our garden plants,
but it was cross-breeding that furnished the materials for selection. After
alluding to some of the early hybridists, the prejudices which then prevailed,
ert, who demonstrated the
lluded to the natural hybrid

fact that hybrids existed in nature, the speaker a
hich were afterwards

Orchids indicated by Reichenbach, some of w
confirmed by Messrs. Veitch and others. A prejudice still existed in the
minds of certain botanists, which he thought mistaken, as we ought to
welcome hybridisation as one means of ascertaining the true relationships
of plants and the limitations of species and genera. For scientific reasons
as well as for practical ones, the study of cross-breeding was important, and
we should welcome the opportunity which this Conference affords of
extending our knowledge of the subject. :

Mr. W. Bateson, M.A., F.R.S., dealt with “‘ Hybridisation and Cross-

234 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

breeding as a method of scientific research,” and indicated some of the
results that might legitimately be expected from a study of the subject in
its bearing on the evolution of species. He emphasized the importance of
keeping statistical records, and expressed the opinion that those who took
part in such work would earn the gratitude of posterity, and, in all
probability, lay the foundation of a new science of natural history.

Professor Hugo de Vries took as his subject, “ Hybridising as a means
of Pangenetic Infection,’ which he explained as the transference of
particular qualities from one species to another by means of crossing, and
gave a few examples, illustrated by specimens.

The Rev. Professor Henslow, M.A., V.M.H., in discoursing on
*‘ Hybridisation and _ its failures,” said that any discussion on_ hybrids:
necessitated the preliminary enquiry, What is a species? He then passed
on to the limitations of genera, and asked whether plants which would
cross together could be referred to different genera, especially when
separated by only a single character, as Cattleya and Lelia, for example.
He also touched upon the question of constitutional affinity, remarking
that groups of species from one country had been observed to cross between
themselves, but would not ally themselves with others from different
countries and climates. Excessive prepotency, non-reciprocity, and partial
hybridisation were also mentioned as causes of failure. Perseverence,
however, might ultimately be crowned with success, after many failures,
and the expert need not despair when he was anxious to secure some special
result, as Nature was as likely as not to reward him for his perseverance.

The next paper was by Mr. C. C. Hurst, F.L.S., and was entitled :—

EXPERIMENTS IN HYBRIDISATION AND CROSS-BREEDING.
PREMISING that during the last few years the question of inheritance
and variation had been of increasing interest both to students and to
practical -breeders, the author detailed the results of some experiments
carried out by himself. Most breeders had a strong impression that
varieties transmitted their qualities to their offspring, hence the care taken
to use only the best varieties, and after an examination of a large number
of cases of inheritance and non-inheritance in the Orchidez, he concluded
that such was the case to a great extent, especially if fertilised with their
sty pollen, though exceptions were not rare, especially when the variations
were slight, or the parents or their ancestors had been variable. Abnormal
sports were generally transmitted wholly or not at all. Specific characters;
however, were more certain and more lasting, and could be traced through
several generations. Generic characters were still more marked and
ie would probably be much more difficult to breed out paca
pa ie 1¢ or varietal characters. Generic hybrids in the Orchidex
coming rather numerous, and had given rise to many anomalies,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 235

foremost among them being seven cases in which the reed-like species of
Epidendrum proved to be prepotent when crossed with Cattleya, Lelia
and Sophronitis.

Several cases were also mentioned where distinct genera, mostly of
distinct tribes, had been crossed together, and in every instance had
reproduced the seed-parent almost unmodified, which he thought could be
explained by the facts of parthenogenesis, the pollen having no power to
hybridise the ovules, yet exerting sufficient influence to stimulate and
develope them, parthenogetic seeds being produced which gave rise to
plants of the same kind as the seed-parent.

Primary hybrids between the same pair of species had a certain specific
likeness, which extended to those obtained by reversing the parentage,
though there was often considerable variation, even among seedlings obtained
from the same capsule, which arose from a local predominance of the
characters of one or the other parent. For example, in one part of the
hybrid the form and colour of one parent might prevail, while in another
part the other parent might be more apparent; Or, it might be the form of
one parent and the colour of the other, and this variation the lecturer
proposed to call partial prepotency, and suggested that it might possibly
throw some light on the question of variation in the offspring of the “same
parents. Examination of a large number of hybrids in the genus Paphio-
pedilum showed that the most primary hybrids were fairly intermediate
between their parents, and even when one parent appeared to preponderate
in certain conspicuous parts a comparison of the less conspicuous parts
would show that the balance of power was fairly well maintained.

Secondary hybrids, whether derived from two or more species, presented
still wider variation, either due to the increased factors in their pedigree, or
to some other cause not yet ascertained, and in order to illustrate this he
had an exhibit of 24 plants (not in flower) of Paphiopedilum X Clotho,
derived from the same seed-capsule, no two being alike. They were raised
by Mr. Reginald Young, of Liverpool, from P. X politum (derived from P.
barbitum and P. venustum) crossed with the pollen of P. Boxallii. In
each case the hybrid showed distinct traces of both parental and ancestral
Species, but in different proportions.

Respecting the fertility or sterility of hybrids, aes
nothing had clung so tenaciously in the popular mind as the belief in their
absolute infertility, which, however, was a misconception, for the records
Proved that a large number were at least partially fertile, and absolute
Sterility was comparatively rare. The phrase “ sterility ” as ae
Darwin simply meant lessened fertility, not absolute barrenness. Re :
diminished fertility of many hybrids was undoubted, but me é
he had drawn up in the genus Papbiopedilum showed that this was large'y

the lecturer remarked that

236 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

due to the diminished power of the male element, as had previously been
noticed by other observers.

The stability of hybrids was a matter of great importance to the practical
breeder, for if they did not breed true, or tended to revert to their ancestral
species, the breeders’ work would be largely in vain, and the economic
importance of hybrids would be considerably diminished. From a variety
of observations, he believed that the popular idea that hybrids when
self-fertilised reverted to one or other of the ancestral species was not
founded in fact, and where such reversion had been noticed it may possibly
have been due to the hybrid having been fertilised with the pollen of one
of the ancestral species.

The vigour of hybrids, and in some cases their precocity in flowering,
had often been noticed, but this was probably largely due to out-crossing,
as opposed to inbreeding, the one increasing their vigour abnormally, the
other reducing it.

The limits of crossing seemed to depend npon very complex causes, and
was not always determined absolutely by systematic affinity or natural
relationship. For example, species of different genera had been success-
fully crossed, while all attempts to cross certain allied species in the
same genus had only ended in failure. Even constitutional differences
was not an absolute barrier, for annuals had been united with perennials,
deciduous trees with evergreens, and plants from the tropics with those
that reached the arctic circle. When the conditions of life were favourable,
fertility seemed to depend on what might be termed the affinity of the
germ plasms, and the limits of crossing could only be ascertained by actual
experiment. It was encourging to find that with extended experiments the
barriers were being pushed wider apart, and the main thing was to perserve
and not be discouraged by failures. In some cases a cross had only been
successful after many abortive attempts. The motto should be to try, UY
again, and above all to keep precise records, both of successes and
failures, which might prove to be of inestimable value to science.

The second day’s proceedings were held in the Westminster Tow?
Hall, the Rev. Professor Henslow, in the absence of Sir Michael Foster
through illness, in the Chair. The opening remarks were brief, and were
followed by papers, accompanied by lantern demonstrations by Mr. Herbert
J - Webber, on “ The work of the United States Department of Agriculture
in Plant Hybridisation,” and Dr. J. H. Wilson, F.R.S.E., on “« Hybrids of
Passiflora, Albuca, Ribes, and Begonia.” These were very interesting, but
occupied a large amount of time, so that less than an hour remained when
pias se A-L.S., was called upon for his paper on “Hy mee

© standpoint of systematic botany.” The author said that

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 237

the time being so short, and several other papers to follow, he should
content himself with a short outline, indicating the nature of the facts he
had brought together, and he hoped they would be able to read it in
detail hereafter. They would all remember how Dean Herbert’s early
experiments in hybridisation were received by systematic botanists, under
the belief that such experiments would confuse their systems of classifica-
tion. It was notorious that the limits of species, sections, and even genera
had been broken down by the hybridist, hence the want of sympathy was
readily understood. Hybrids, however, occurred in nature, and in certain
groups were comparatively common, though some systematists still refused
to recognize the fact, and had even alluded to those who described them
under their true rank, in not very complimentary terms, as “ hybrid-
mongers.”

But these prejudices were gradually being swept away by the irresistible
logic of facts, for a considerable number of these supposed natural hybrids
had been reconstructed artificially by crossing the supposed parents
together, and the lecturer enumerated about a dozen genera in which
supposed wild hybrids had been proved. This was chiefly the object of
his paper, to collect together the records of such cases. These experiments
had brought out several curious facts, one of which was that systematists
had repeatedly described these hybrids as species, or as varieties of one or
the other of the parents, and to this extent they would have to retrace
their steps. In some cases it was found that one polymorphic hybrid was
doing duty in the books as several so-called species. Among Orchids, over
a dozen natural hybrids had now been raised artificially, and one such he
had recognized for the first time at the exhibition yesterday, though as a
wild hybrid it had been known: for several years. Full particulars would
be found in his paper. He hoped to see many more experiments undertaken
to clear up the origin of these intermediate and doubtful plants, many of
which were the bugbear of systematists. He believed that many were of
hybrid origin, and when their true rank was understood, many of the
difficulties of classifying them would vanish, for hybrids could not be treated
either as species or varieties. Mr. Hurst had said that, instead of the
hybridist confusing the systematist, the systematist, by the irony of fate,
would have to go to the hybridist to solve some of his difficulties, and,
Speaking as a systematist himself, he believed Mr. Hurst was right.

A short paper on Hybrid Poppies by M. H. de Vilmorin followed, after
which, as several contributors were not present to read pepe
Person, the Conference closed with a short general discussion, in which Mr.
Burbidge alluded to the great difficulties that had arisen, and still ee
‘hrough the Latin names given to garden hybrids. He was in favour :
Rone but English names being applied, but if the old practice was fo De

238 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

continued, one should adopt some such plan as combining two generic or
specific names, or parts of them, the name Lelio-cattleya being a good
example. In some cases, sad to relate, classical names had been given to
hybrids with the express reason of hiding their origin.

The Conference terminated with a banquet at the Hotel Metropole in
the evening, under the presidency of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., at which
about 130 were present, including a few ladies. Among the toasts proposed
were :—Horticulture, by the Rev. Professor Henslow; Hybridists, by Mr.
W. Bateson, F -R.S.; the Royal Horticultural Society, by the Master of the
Rolls, Lord Justice Lindley, and the Visitors by Mr. C. J. Shea. During
the evening the company present were photographed.

_—_—_ + —

L#LIA DIGBYANA CAPSULE.

A FINE capsule of Lelia Digbyana has been produced in the collection
of W. S. M’Millan, Esq., Ardenholm, Maghull, Lancashire. There was a
legend that this species would not yield seed-pods, but Mr. Robertson had
no doubt that it would cross with something if one only knew what to use;
so by way of experiment he applied the pollinia from a flower each of
Cattleya Dowiana, Gaskelliana, Mossiz, Warneri, and Lzlio-cattleya X
elegans. The Ovary soon began to swell, and the capsule has just opened,
12 months and 17 days after being pollinated, and as some of the seed
appears plump and good it has been sown in three different collections, in
the hope that some one will succeed in raising the seedlings. Should this
fortunately occur, it will be interesting to see what the flowers are like, for
the parentage is certainly problematic. The pollen of this flower of L.
Digbyana was carefully removed, and used for fertilising Cattleya Dowiana
and Gaskelliana, each yielding a seed pod, which is not ripe yet, though all
three were done on the Same day. There is one previous record of seed-
pods being produced by this species (0. R., v. p. 83), the Rev. F. D. Hornet
having ‘“ successfully obtained a couple of seed-pods, at the expense of his
plants,” but no seedlings were obtained. On the whole it seems preferable
to use this striking species as the pollen parent, though it is interesting to
know what the capsule is like, and probably the production of seedlings is
only a question of time. The capsule is very remarkable in shape, having 4
beak three times as long as itself. The swollen portion or capsule proper
is oblong in shape, and two inches long, while the slender beak measures 6
inches ; then comes the shrivelled perianth segments and the column, the
latter 1} inches long. The pedicel is 4inch long. When attached to the
plant it has a very remarkable appearance.

Se a

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 239
ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

ODONTOGLOSSUM crispum has for some time made a very beautiful display
in our collections, though the majority are now over for the present season.
Four very pretty varieties are sent from the collection of R. le Doux, Esq.,
West Derby, Liverpool, by Mr. Archer. The first has rosy sepals and white
petals, with only a few minute brown spots on the lip; a second, with
similar ground colour, has a few purple spots on the sepals, and a larger
blotch in front of the lip’s crest; a third is beautifully suffused throughout
with rose purple, with the addition of a spot or two on some of the segments;
and a fourth is about intermediate between the first and last. All are
typical in shape, and form a very pretty little group.

A very pretty form is sent from the collection of D. M. Grimsdale, Esq.,
Kent Lodge, Uxbridge. The flower is good in shape, and the petals nicely
fringed; the ground colour white, with a few brown spots on the sepals and
lip. A large and handsome form of Oncidium crispum is also enclosed—the
one known as O.c. grandiflorum,—together with a fine Cattleya Mendelii
with pure white sepals and petals and the front of the lip brilliant amethyst,
and an exceptionally large flower of C. Warscewiczii.

J. W. Arkle, Esq., West Derby, Liverpool, sends Cattleya Eldorado and
C. E. rosea, both very effective at this season; also three good forms of C.
Gaskelliana, one being a good dark form, and another having nearly white
sepals and petals. Both these species are very variable in colour, and come
in usefully when the other species are over.

A very pretty form of Cattleya Mendelii is sent from the collection of
R. B. Macbean, Esq., of Lancaster. The front lobe of the lip is marbled
with white in the way of C. M. bella, to which it may be referred.

A large and very richly coloured form of Cattleya Mossiz is sent
from the collection of J. F. Laycock, Esq., Wiseton Hall, Bawtry (gr.
Mr. Lamb). The combination of deep orange-yellow and rich crimson
on the well-expanded lip is superb. Two other striking things are a
light form of Laelia tenebrosa, with more white on the lip than is often
seen, and a beautiful flower of Odontoglossum crispum, one of fifteen or
sixteen on a spike.

A good flower of Lzlio-cattleya X Aphrodite is sent from the collec-
tion of R, Ashworth, Esq., of Newchurch, Manchester. It is a seedling
flowering for the first time, without record of parentage, but the character
of the flower leaves no doubt that it was raised from L. purpurata and
C. Mendelij.

Orchids are now falling off rapidly in point of numbers for a fe
but those which flower now are mostly very fine.

w weeks,

er

240 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
THE HYBRIDIST.

MASDEVALLIA X PLUTO.

ANOTHER handsome hybrid Masdevallia has been received from Captain
Hincks, Richmond, Yorks. It was obtained by crossing M. xX Gairiana
with the pollen of M. Harryana, and thus has three species in its
composition, M. X Gairiana being descended from M. Veitchiana 2 and
M. Davisii ¢. It is most like the seed-parent in shape and size, and the
colour is deep-orange in the throat and on the outer halves of the lateral
sepals, but intense rich crimson elsewhere, with a good number of those
beautiful iridescent violent hairs so characteristic of M. Veitchiana. The
petals are white, and the lip violet-purple, with a darker tubercle at the
apex, each being half as long as the perianth tube. It is richer in colour
than M. X Chelsoni, to which it bears a certain resemblance, and should
develop into a very handsome thing.

ODONTOGLOssuM X CooKSONI VAR. CRAWSHAYANUM.

Another artificially raised Odontoglossum has reached the flowering
stage, and was exhibited by De Barri Crawshay, Esq., at the Hybridisation
Conference under the above name. A flower has now been sent, together
with a note of its origin. The cross was made in June, 1894, the
seed was sown in September of the following year, and the seedling was
detected in the following March. It has now produced a spike of eight
flowers, which began to expand at the end of June, five years after the
cross was made, and less than four after the seed was sown. It ag
very different from Mr. Cookson’s original cross, obtained from O. Halln
x O. crispum Cooksoni, and provisionally named O. X_ crispo-Hallii
(O.R., v., p. 10), having a distinct tinge of lilac in the sepals and petals,
especially when young, with rather small, light-brown blotches. In other
respects it is fairly intermediate between the two parents. Mr. Crawshay
must be congratulated on his initial success, and as he has other seedlings
coming on, and plenty of capsules, we hope to have many more from him
to record. And we hope that among other things he will not forget to
demonstrate by experiment what some of the much discussed secondary
hybrid Odontoglossums are like.
L&LIO-CATTLEYA X ISABELLA.
d, believed to have originated from Lzlia purpurata
eya Schreedere, from the collection of John Leemann,
House, Heaton Mersey, presumably raised by M. ee
It is intermediate in shape, and the colour white tinged with pink,
with some purple pencilling and a suffusion of rosy-purple round the cream-
yellow disc.—O’Brien in Gard. Chron., July 29, p. 82.

A charming hybri
Schreederi and Catt]
Esq., West Bank
Maron.

ee

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 241

CATTLEYA MENDELII ABNORMAL.
SEVERAL curious abnormal forms of Cattleya Mendelii have been
described in these pages, but the one shown in the accompanying figure is
both striking in appearance and very beautiful. The two petals are com-
pletely transformed into lips, which agree with the normal one both in
shape andcolour. The flower has just appeared in the collection of O. O.
Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, and has been kindly forwarded for
inspection, together with the excellent photograph by Miss Wrigley here
reproduced. As to the shape and arrangement of the perianth there is
nothing to add, as the illustration speaks for itself; the colour also is
about typical, being darker in front of the lips than here shown,

Fic. 14. CATTLEYA MENDELII ABNORMAL,

Owing to the well-known fact that purple does not reproduce itself
truly in a photograph. The dark line shown in one of the lateral
Sepals is an orange band, which also is an abnormal character.
The column is quite straight, scarcely an inch long, and sharply three-
angled to the apex, with three imperfect stigmas, but without any trace of
the anther. In fact the column seems to be made up entirely of the three
Pistils, and the anther to have divided itself between the two petals, com-
pletely changing their character, in the same way that two staminodes
become united to the median petal to form the norm ullip. The ‘ores os
imported by Messrs. John Cowan & Co., in March, 1898, and is now

242 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

flowering for the first time. Whether the character is constant remains to
be proved.

Another abnormal but very striking flower has appeared in the
establishment of Mr. C. Young, West Derby, Liverpool. One side is fairly
normal, having the usual petal and lateral sepal, but on the other side. the
two remaining sepals are united nearly to the apex, and the petal is missing,
or rather united to the lip, which on this side is larger than usual, and the
junction is marked by a clear white stripe. The lip is very richly coloured,
and the sepals and petal of the purest white. It is a remarkable plant and
will probably be heard of again.

C. M. Janus, described at page 199 of our last volume, still retains its
sportive character. Another raceme has been sent by Mr. C. C. Hurst,
F.L.S., and although from the same plant it differs from those produced
last year. The lowermost of the two flowers consists of a single sepal, on
a slender pedicel, with all the other parts entirely suppressed. The upper
flower has the three sepals and one petal quite normal in character, but the
opposite petal is either absent or confluent with the lip, probably the latter,
owing to the somewhat oblique shape and the two halves being differently
coloured. There is a purple line down the centre, on either side of which
both the yellow and the crimson veining extends, but the latter colour is
more developed and much brighter on the side which has a normal petal.
The column is slightly oblique, but has one anther, and the stigma is
partially abortive. It is a very remarkable plant.

THE CORNING COLLECTION OF ORCHIDS.

In an early volume of this work we gave an account of the fine collection
of Orchids brought together by the late Hon. E. Corning (ii, pp. 227-229),
and it may be interesting to give a few particulars of their present location,
taken from recent issues of American Gardening.

‘The statement that this collection was now in the houses of Mrs. G. B.
Wilson (see O. R., vii, p. 201), elicited the following letter from Dr. R.
Schiffmann, St. Paul, Minn. :—* In May, 1897, I purchased of Mr. Corning;
personally, a large collection of Cattleyas and Lelias, nearly 150 plants,
probably the finest specimens of their kind in this country, being mostly
in 12-inch pots and over. The collection embraced :—Cattleya labiata
vera, C. pallida, C. Mossi picta, and C. Warocqueana ; C. Bowringiana,
gic, eon specimens. C. Triane in following varieties :— Bonnyana,
pes Corningii Superba, delicata, Leeana, Massangeana, Pandora,

el, Regine, rosea, Russelliana, Schreederze, superba Warscewiczii, C-
gigas Sanderiana, C. Normanni, C. rubra, and C. Warscewiczii. C. Warneri

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 243

in variety. Most of these plants bear on the label the name from whom
purchased, and contain such names as :—Sander, Veitch, Williams, Low,
Bull, Gold, &c. Among my collection of over 2,000 Orchids they are the
choicest gems of the lot and the envy of all visitors.’—Amer. Gard.,
June 3, p. 402.

Mrs. G. B. Wilson replied :—‘‘ In June of 1897, I bought of the late
Mr. Corning a very large number of Orchids, viz. :—Odontoglossums,
Odontoglossums natural hybrids, Vandas, Aérides (all his fine varieties),
Saccolabiums, Angreecums, hundreds of Cypripediums, Ccelogynes, and
Stanhopeas in variety, choice Cymbidiums and Dendrobiums, and 160
plants of named Cattleyas, containing all the names mentioned by
Dr. Schiffmann, and many more.

“‘ After I kad purchased these Orchids, Mr. Corning wrote me that,
having reduced his collection by his sales to me and others, he had decided
to retain the remainder, which comprised his choicest plants.

“In the autumn of 1897, shortly after the death of Mr. Corning, I went
to Albany and purchased of the late Mrs. Corning the remainder of the
collection, almost in its entirety, rejecting only varieties I already had.
- With this purchase I obtained his collection of rare and unique plants of
Phalenopsis, all his Lzelio-cattleyas and hybrid Cattleyas, all the white
Lzlias and Cattleyas, and all his unique plants; in short, I procured the
celebrated part of the collection.

‘Again, after the death of Mr. Grey, Mr. Corning’s faithful gardener,
I received from the late Mrs. Corning many gems which were special
favourites of Mr. Grey. I have over 3,000 plants which formerly belonged
to the Corning collection.”’—/.c., June 17, p. 429.

THE LATE J. C. SPYERS.

THE current issue of the Journal of the Kew Gvild contains a portrait of
the late Joseph Charles Spyers, together with an “In Memoriam” notice,
from which the following is extracted:—‘‘ Twenty years ago there were
very few representative collections of Orchids, compared with the number
there are now, and of the few men who were recognised masters of the art
of growing them, Mr. Spyers, Orchid grower to Sir Trevor Lawrence, was
preeminent. It is not generally known, even among those who knew
Spyers intimately, that he passed through the usual two years’ ees _
Kew, leaving in 1872, and shortly afterwards entering the service of Sir
Trevor Lawrence, with whom he remained until his death, which occurred
in April, 188 3. The following testimony to his character and abilities
Was communicated to the Gardeners’ Chronicle by Sir Trevor: ‘ Many of

244 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

your readers will hear with great regret of the death of my Orchid grower,
Joseph C. Spyers, at the early age of thirty-two. His loss is much felt by
Lady Lawrence and myself, as well as by all in our employment. He was
an excellent gardener, gifted with much observation, a retentive memory,
and a keen love of his work and plants. He had accumulated a large and
varied store of information bearing on horticulture, especially on the
cultivation of Orchids. He was a great favourite with all about him. In
all things he was upright and honourable and his many good qualities had
won for him the esteem and regard. of all who knew him. I think I may
say that thanks to his skill and knowledge my plants have been as well-
grown as so varied and extensive a collection could be. He was at all
times, as very many have found, most willing to help others with the
results of skill and experience.’ He left a widow and four children, for
whose benefit the sum of about £250 was subscribed by readers of the
Gardeners’ Chronicle, many of whom had no doubt profited largely by
Spyers’ numerous contributions to the pages of that journal on the habits
and cultural requirements of his favourite plants.” ,

CATASETUM BUNGEROTHII.

This handsome species has recently been flowering freely at the Botan-
ical Gardens, Trinidad, under the care of Mr. J. H. Hart, one of the racemes
carrying as many as sixteen flowers. These of course were males. Only
one plant yielded female flowers, and two of them were artificially fertilised,
the capsules being swelling, so that there is a possibility of seedlings being
obtained. The plants are said to have been given to the establishment by
a traveller who collected them in Venezuela.

R. A. R.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR AUGUST.

By H. A. Burperry, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.
|THE temperatures and general management of the houses should be
continued as advised in preceding Calendars.

There are now many Dendrobiums which have completed their new
pseudobulbs, and should be removed to a cool, light, airy house, S0 45 to
thoroughly mature and ripen them, though at the same time the supplies
of water should not be too suddenly reduced. The whole of the genus
with but few exceptions absolutely requires this treatment if the plants
are expected to bloom well, and to remain healthy. Both species ane
hybrids should be so treated, and no fear or apprehension whatever ? :

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 245

be felt with regard to the consequences. Select each plint for removal
when the new pseudobulb has produced its terminal leaf; the new bulb
will gradually gain in dimensions in the cooler department, and also ripen
at the same time. There may be some few kinds which start new growths
again from the base, before the first are completed, but such second growths
should be disregarded, as they usually take pretty good care of themselves.
It is the first growths that are the main ones, and those should be alone
studied and catered for. It is when Dendrobes are kept in growing temper-
atures until very late in the season, in order to finish these second growths,
that they are often very seriously injured by becoming weakly, and developing
spot in its various forms. A few species, such for instance as D. formosum,
should not be removed immediately the new pseudobulb is completed,
because the flowers commence to push from the apex at once, and of
course the drier and airier conditions would seriously affect them. The
same may be said of D. Phalenopsis, D. superbiens, and all others which
bloom directly new growth is completed. These latter should be allowed
toremain in their genial growing departments, which, however, need not,
and should not, be kept so warm as previously when making growths.

A good few of the Cattleyas and Lzlias will likewise be near completing
their new pseudobulbs. C. Warscewiczii, C. Gaskelliana, C. Rex, C.
Warneri, as well as C. Leopoldi and C. granulosa, produce their blooms
immediately, and should therefore have a_ liberal growing treatment
accorded until their flowering season is past, but all others which have a
short resting period before producing their spikes, are the better for a
rather more airy and dry position than those which are still growing.
This is not always easy to accomplish for want of the necessary space,
but still, if such plants are collected together at one point of the house
they may be the better catered for than when mixed up together. It is
only for a month or so at this season of the year when this slight
difference of treatment is needed. A few of these Cattleyas, for one reason
or another, are sure to be late with their new grow-h, and it is obvious
that such are benefited by a liberal treatment to hasten them along,
whilst those which are early to form up would be better for less, so as to
prevent secondary growth from appearing. C. Lawrenceana is always very
late, and for this reason is better now if placed in the warmest department,
as also are C. superba and Lueddemanniana, and all three should be
liberally supplied with water. Any of the above summer blooming Cattleyas
as C. Warscewiczii, C. Gaskelliana, C. Rex, C. Warneri, and C. x
Hardyana, passing out of bloom not later than the month of August, may
be repotted if such is required, and if done carefully and a chance is given
them to become re-established, by keeping them more shady and moist
than others not repotted, such work may be accomplished at this season

246 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

with first-class results. But if not done during this month I would advise
that they be given a thorough good rest and left over until they start to
grow early the following spring.

The Mexican Lzlias are now growing apace, and flower spikes on 1
anceps are fast showing. It is now above all other times that water should
be very liberally supplied, especially after a hot day’s sun. It is best to get
a bucket of tepid water about 4 or 5 o’clock in the afternoon, when the
ventilation may be reduced, and with the aid of a syringe give them a
thorough good drenching overhead. L. anceps, as before stated, always
grows and flowers more satisfactorily when no shading is employed, and the
leaves are simply kept from burning by the admission of large quantities
of air. There are but few species that will flourish and withstand the same
amount of strong suushine. _L. majalis is another which delights in all the
sunshine possible, and should be suspended close to the ventilator so as to
assure ample air. The other Mexican species such as L. autumnalis, and
L. albida do not like so much strong sunshine, although both greatly
appreciate the atmospheric conditions of the same department, therefore I
always find it best to slightly shade the last named species with a coat ol
whitewash or summer cloud over the glass immediately above them. The
same applies to L. furfuracea and L. Gouldiana.

The deciduous Calanthes are now provided with a good quantity of new
roots and growing away freely. They usually grow well enough when
accommodated with the warmth of an ordinary stove, and they may now be
watered occasionally with a weak stimulant, obtained by soaking cow OF
sheep manure in rain water and straining off. Should the plants, however,
appear weakly, and show signs of the foliage spotting, the application of
manure will only add fuel to the fire, and should not be used. Debility and
black spots are frequently set up by this very act of feeding, because it is
overdone. When plants are attacked by this spotting the only possible
way to pull them round again is to grow them in small pots and in poor
soil, and endeavour to obtain healthy, sound pseudobulbs, which however
small will be of greater service the following year than larger diseased bulbs.
Thunias will by this time have done blooming, and should be taken to the
house where the Dendrobes are resting ; as should also the Pleiones, which
are now so far advanced in growth as to be able to finish off nicely in such
a house, but care should be taken to still supply them with sufficient water, .
or they will soon become starved and not bloom well during the autum. I
think nice pans full of Pleiones in flower are very lovely indeed. |

Coelogyne cristata is now making growth, and if the plants are weakly
the manure water mentioned above may be given to these also, that 1

Providing the plants are established with plenty of roots, otherwise more

harm than good would result. I am not generally an advocate of manure —

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 247

for Orchids, and maintain that for the majority it is far better in the end if
it is never used. A few, Lowever, such as I have mentioned, may be assisted
by its use occasionally, but it should always be applied so largely diluted
with water as to render it perfectly harmless.

Amongst the various pests in an Orchid house the common brown Ant
is not the least. In some collections they render great havoc amongst the
genus Phalaenopsis, by piercing the leaves, and causing a sweet watery
matter to exude, upon which they feed, and so greatly is it relished by
them that they very soon sap away the vitality of the plants, causing
them to gradually dwindle away and die. Generally a few of the plants
are attacked more severely than the others, and such may quickly be
detected by the continual stream of these busy insects to and fro, and also
by the edges of the leaves assuming a yellowish hue. Ants are also a great
nuisance in many other respects such as carrying dirt and scale about.
Orchid seed in its various stages of germination is likewise greatly displaced
and ruined by them, and altogether they are anything but desirable, and
should be kept in check.

Should there be any defects whatever with the heating apparatus now
is the best and most convenient month to have them remedied, and put in
thorough working order, for nothing is more vexatious than to have break-
downs or ill-working hot-water arrangements at a time when we dare not
let out the fires on account of the cold weather.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID
SOCIETY.
THE meeting held on June 29th, attracted many choice Orchids, 43 of
which were brought under notice of the Committee. The Members present
were :—Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair), Law-Schofield (vice-chair-
man), Warburton, Leemann, Duckworth, Parker, Holmes, Johnson,
Cypher, Dr. Hodgkinson, Dr. Sidebotham, and Mr. Weathers (hon. sec.)

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., Rawtenstall, (gr. Mr. Shill), showed
Lelio-cattleya x Fire King var. Frances Mary (First-class Certificate),
L.-c. xX Eudora, L.-c. x E. New Hall Hey variety (A.M.), L.-c. X
Canhamiana alba, L.-c. x C. Edward André, Cypripedium x Shillianum
(Gowerianum x _ Rothschildianum) (A.M.), and C. X Gowerianum
Magnificum (A. M.)

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Dendrobium
ochreatum (Cambridgeanum), Lzlio-cattleya x Eudora, L.-c. x E. alba,
Cattleya x Gaudii (Leopoldi x Loddigesii), C. Mossi# Fire King, and
two good forms of Odontoglossum crispum. He also staged a very fine
§toup of miscellaneous Orchids, amongst which the above and many other
Striking varieties were included, for which he obtained a Silver Medal.

248 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed a good
form of Lzlio-cattleya x Hippolyta, L.-c. x Statterz, a possible natural
hybrid from Lelia purpurata, which the Committee wished to see again,
and Odontoglossum crispum albens.

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), showed a wonder-
ful variety of Odontoglossum vexillarium called Warburtonianum. The
flower was large and with a dark centred labellum much in the way of var.
Leopoldi (First-class Certificate).

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), showed the beautiful
Lelia tenebrosa Walton Grange variety (First-class Certificate).

F. Baxter, Esq., Morecombe, (gr. Mr. Roberts), showed an interesting
group of Odontoglossum crispum flowering for the first time (Vote of
Thanks).

Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, showed Cattleya Mendelii J. Leemann, a
beautifully grown plant which received an Award of Merit and a Cultural
Certificate.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, showed a very fine form of
Cattleya Mendelii, with white sepals and petals, and purple lip, beautifully
fringed round the edges (A. M.), C. Mossize Sanderz and Thunia X Bry-
meriana (Bensoni xX Marshalliana). =

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed Lelio-cattleya X
Eudora, var. eximia, a most striking flower (First-class Certificate), L.-c-
xX Canhamiana gigantea, L.-c. x C. albida (A. M.), Cattleya Gaskelliana
formosa (A. M.), C. Mossiz Arnoldiana, and other good forms of the species.

Messrs. John Cowan & Co., Gateacre, showed some good Odontoglossum
crispum, O. x Wilckeanum, and good forms of Cattleya Mossiz and
Warscewiczii.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, showed Masdevallia x Gairiana, a pretty
cross between M. Davisii and Veitchana.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed a remarkably fine plant of
Epidendrum prismatocarpum, which obtained both an Award of Merit and
a Cultural Certificate.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Bradford, showed a very fine specimen of
Cattleya Mossiz Wageneri, which received a First-class Certificate last
year, Lzlio-cattleya x Eudora, Lelia x cinnabrosa, Cattleya dolosa, and
a beautiful form of C. Mendelii.

The Committee decided to award at the
year Gold, Silver-gilt, and Silver Medals to the members obtaining the

highest number of marks for exhibits, on the same lines as the Medals
awarded last year.

At the meeting held on
inadvertently announced by

end of the Society’s current

July 2oth (there was no meeting on July 6th as
us last month), there was again a good display.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 249

The members present were :—Messrs. Shorland Ball, in the chair, Gratrix,
Holmes, Stevens, Johnson, Upjohn, and Weathers (hon. sec.).

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), showed a very
fine hybrid Cypripedium derived from C. Rothschildianum x selligerum,
with a spike of three large blooms. The flower is fairly intermediate
between the parents in colour and markings, but most resembles the
seed-bearing parent in form and character of growth (A. M.).

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed a very
good Leelio-cattleya X Canhamiana alba (A. M.).

John Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Lelia
xanthina, very pretty and a good variety (A. M.), Lelio-cattleya xX
elegans Queen Empress, L.-c. X radiata, a pretty and interesting hybrid
between L. purpurata and C. nobilior (A. M.), Cattleya Eldorado Wallisii,
and Cypripedium Lawrenceanum.

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed a
splendid Cattleya Gaskelliana alba (F.-c.C.), C. Mossiz Wageneri
(F.-c.C.), Cypripedium callosum Sandere, said to have been raised from
seed, and resembling the type in all particulars, but with flower rather
on the small side, attributable no doubt to the growth being somewhat
weak (F.-c. C.), C. x Prince Edward of York (Rothschildianum X
Sanderianum), a very pretty hybrid, fairly intermediate between the
parents (A.M.), C. xX Gowerianum magnificum, C. x I’Ansoni, a very
remarkable hybrid from C. Rothschildianum X Morganiz, with the
flower somewhat malformed, for which reason the Committee expressed
a desire to see it when next in flower, and Cattleya Warscewiczii (gigas).

The Ven. Archdeacon Rawstone, Blackburn, showed a very fine form
of Cattleya Warscewiczii (gigas) with an exceedingly dark lip.

John Richardson, Esq., Altrincham, showed a cut bloom of a very good
variety of Sobralia xantholeuca.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, showed Cypripedium X Premier,
a fine hybrid between C. X beechense X Rothschildianum (A.M.), C. X
Garbari (Lawrenceanum xX Rothschildianum), and C. xX Lord Derby
(superbiens X Rothschildianum), this latter not in any way comparable with
the variety in the collection of Mr. Statter, and shown some time ago by
him at a meeting of this Society.

Messrs. Heath & Son, Cheltenham, showed Cypripedium X pendulum
(Haynaldianum xX Argus Moensii), and the pretty little Dendrobium
Fytchianum.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed Cattleya Gaskelliana pallida.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, showed Cypripedium X selligerum majus
and C. X Vipani.

250 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Orchids were well represented at the Drill Hall on June 27th, but owing
to the pressure of other things they were unduly crowded, and some diffi-
culty was experienced in finding room for all the exhiblts. No less than
four secured the award of a First-class Certificate. The Members of the
Orchid Committee present were:—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and
Messrs. Ballantine, Chapman, Cobb, Colman, Courtauld, Crawshay, —
Douglas, Fowler, Gabriel, Haywood, Hill, Little, Outram, Pitt, Pollett,
Smee, W. H. White, Winn, Young, and O’Brien (hon. sec.)

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
White) sent four very fine Orchids, namely Lelia tenebrosa atrata, a very
dark and handsome form, a fine Catasetum fimbriatum, Cattleya Mossize
Lawrenciz, a beautiful white form with a little rosy pencilling in front of
the yellow disc, and Odontoglossum crispum purpurascens, prettily tinged
with rose-purple, and bearing many small purple spots and a few brown
blotches. The two latter each received an Award of Merit.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
showed Odontoglossum X Harryano-crispum in excellent condition,
Cattleya Mossiz excellens, a large and handsome form bearing six flowers
on one spike (Cultural Commendation), and Eria acervata, with graceful
racemes of white flowers (Botanical Certificate), —

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Bank House, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), sent
three splendid Orchids, namely Lelia tenebrosa Walton Grange variety;
Lelio-cattleya x Canhamiana alba, and L.-c. X Dominiana Fire King
(purpurata ? xX Dowiana 3), the latter having purple-rose sepals and
petals, anda very dark and beautifully veined lip (First-class Certificate).

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whiffen), staged @
small group of choice things, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given.
It contained the beautiful Lelio-cattleya x Thorntoni (Gaskelliana ?% x
Digbyana $), a fine example of L.-c. X exoniensis, some good Cattleya
Mossiz, Mendelii, and Odontoglossum crispum, also a beautiful example of
O. X excellens, O. cordatum, O. constrictum, &c.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), sent
Odontoglossum crispum “‘Cherubim” and O.c. ‘“ Seraphim,” two superb
white forms, the latter receiving a First-class Certificate.

Captain T. C. Hincks, Richmond, Yorks. (gr. Mr. Rushton), sent the
charming Masdevallia x Rushtoni (ignea 2 X racemosa 3), to which an
Award of Merit was given. It is more robust than the pollen parent, and
the flowers are brilliant orange-scarlet in colour.

A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), sent
Lelia tenebrosa “ Victor Warburton,” a beautiful variety with lemon-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 251

yellow sepals and petals slightly tinged with purple, and a blush-white lip
with some purple markings in front. It received an Award of Merit.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, sent the hand-
some orange-scarlet Epidendrum pristis, and the curious Gongora gratula-
bunda, the latter receiving a Botanical Certificate.

W. A. Bilney, Esq., The Grange, Weybridge (gr. Mr. Whitlock), sent a
large and brilliantly-coloured form of Cattleya Gaskelliana.

W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle, Hull (gr. Mr. Barker), sent a good
form of Odontoglossum crispum, prettily tinged with rose and nicely
blotched.

The Right Hon. Lord Burton, Rangemore Hall, Burton-on-Trent (gr.
Mr. Bennett), showed Cattleya Warneri and C. Mendelii, the latter a very
fine form bearing a spike of five flowers.

Mrs. J. T. Holmes, Beechen Cliff, Bath, sent Cattleya Waiicewindi

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. Chapman),
showed the rare Masdevallia angulata.

Lieut.-Col. Shipway, Grove House, Chiswick (gr. Mr. Walters), staged
a small group, containing good Lelia purpurata, Brassia verrucosa, Mas-
devallia Schlimii, Cypripedium Chamberlainianum, and a beautiful form of
Cattleya Mendelii called Mrs. Shipway, which had a rosy crimson feather
at the apex of the petals.

Mrs. Temple, Leyswood, Gricmbedes (gr. Mr. Bristow), sent a good
specimen of Ccelogyne Dayana, bearing many of its graceful pendulous
racemes.

W. C. Walker, Esq., Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr. Cragg), showed a good
example of Rodriguezia fragrans, bearing several spikes of flowers.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a small group of choice
things, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained some
good Lelio-cattleya x Aphrodite, L.-c. x Canhamiana, and others,
Cattleya x Juliet (Mossie @ xX labiata 3), some good C. Mendelii and
Gaskelliana, Lelia tenebrosa and purpurata, some good forms of Disa X
Veitchii, and other interesting things. A First-class Certificate was given
to Lzlio-cattleya x Aphrodite eximia (purpurata ? X Mendelii 7), a form
with rose-coloured sepals and petals and a richly coloured lip, and an Award
of Merit to Cattleya Gaskelliana formosa, a beautiful blush-white variety,
with a tinge of rose in front of the light-yellow disc.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, also received a Silver Bank-
sian Medal for a fine group, containing two plants of the remarkable Lelia
Digbyana, some fine examples of Cattleya Mossiz, Mendelii, and Odonto-
glossum crispum, the rare Dendrobium Lowii, a fine plant of Cypripedium
callosum Sanderz, C. Rothschildianum, Odontoglossum Hunnewellianum
superbum, and a good form of Cattleya Gaskelliana,

252 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. Stanley-Mobbs & Ashton, Southgate, received a Bronze
Banksian Medal fora good group, including examples of Odontoglossum
crispum, good examples of Cattleya Mossi and Mendelii, C. Forbesii,
Lelia tenebrosa, Lzlio-cattleya x Schilleriana, Miltonia vexillaria, Phale-
nopsis amabilis (grandiflora), the singular Oncidium unicorne, and
Cypripedium Curtisii.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, sent a beautiful example
of Cattleya Mossie Wageneri, bearing numerous flowers (Cultural
Commendation), a charming light form of C. Mendelii, C. dolosa, Lelia X
cinnabrosa, and a fine form of Lzlio-cattleya x Aphrodite.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, also staged a fine
group, including some good forms of Cattleya Gaskelliana and Mendelii,
Lelia purpurata, tenebrosa, and X cinnabrosa, some good examples of
Odontoglossum crispum, Epidendrum vitellinum, Thunia Bensone and
Marshalliana, Oncidium lamelligerum and macranthum, Vanda suavis,
Aérides multiflorum, and a number of good Cypripediums.

ORCHIDS AT THE HYBRIDISATION CONFERENCE.

The exhibition in connection with the Hybridisation Conference was
held in the Great Vinery, Chiswick, on July 11th, and brought together
many interesting exhibits, though the exceessive heat of the building pre-
vented their receiving the attention that they would otherwise have done.
It is clear that this building is unsuitable for such an exhibition on a hot
summer day. The following members of the Orchid Committee were
present :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. Ballantine, Bond,
Chapman, Crawshay, Douglas, Haywood, Hill, Jaques, Pitt, Pollett,
Thomson, Thorne, Watson, White, Young, and O’Brien (hon. sec.).

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart, Burford, Dorking (gr- Mr.
White), staged a very interesting group, including the splendid Vanda X
Miss Joaquim, Epiphronitis x Veitchii, Masdevallia x Chelsoni, M. X
Ajax, M. X Hincksiana, M. x Parlatoreana, Cattleya x Breauteana, Disa
xX kewensis, Odontoglossum xX excellens, Cypripedium X selligerum, C. X
Elinor, C. X porphyrochlamys Fraseri, C. X Euryale,C. X warnhamensé,
C. X grande atratum and C. X Dominianum. In many cases one OF both
parents were also shown.

The Rev. F. Paynter, Stoke Hill, Guildford (gr. Mr. Cooke), sent Laclio-
cattleya x Adolphus (L. cinnabarina ¢ x C. Aclandie 3), @ very pretty
little hybrid, most like the pollen parent in general character, the sepals an
petals being Indian yellow spotted with purple, and the lip rose-purple
(Award of Merit). He slso sent Cattleya Harrisoniana alba, which received
a First-class Certificate.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young); staged

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 253

a small but showy group, including Lelia x Euterpe, Lelio-cattleya X
eximia, L.-c. X Arnoldiana (evidently a form of the preceding), L.-c. x
Aphrodite, L.-c. X Canhamiana, Cypripedium x Gertrude Hollington, C:
X macropterum, also a fine form of Cattleya Warscewiczii, Lelia tenebrosa
gigantea and Cypripedium Stonei candidum, the two latter each receiving
an Award of Merit.

Capt. G. W. Law-Schofield, Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill), sent a fine
hybrid Cypripedium called C. x Shillianum, to which an Award of Merit
was given. It was recorded asa hybrid form C. x Goweri x Rothschild-
ianum, but we should ascribe it to a cross between C. Lawrenceanum and
Rothschildianum, and thus a variety of Paphiopedilum x Mahlere,
described at page 271 of our last volume.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks, sent Odontoglossum X
Cooksoni var. Crawshayanum, an interesting and pretty hybrid raised in the
collection, from O. Hallii ? and O. crispum lilacinum g, to which an Award
of Merit was given. Two other good things shown were the spotted O.
crispum Crawshayanum, and O. c. Mrs. de B. Crawshay, a fine white form.

The Director, Royal Gardens, Kew, sent a fine pan of Disa X kewensis,
raised in the collection. ,

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells, showed the handsome
Cypripedium xX I’Ansoni, and a plant of Catasetum callosum bearing both
male and female flowers, a phenomenon of rare occurrence.

Mr. C. C. Hurst, F.L.S., Burbage, Hinchley, exhibited a series of
twenty-four plants of Paphiopedilum x Clotho, not in flower, raised in the
collection of Reginald Young, Esq., from P. x politum ? and P. Boxalliid,
and showing a great amount of variation in the foliage.

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond), sent
Cattleya x Firebrand (Schilleriana x Lawrenceana), with bright rose-
purple sepals and petals, and the front lobe of the lip bright crimson purple.

A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Carshalton (gr. Mr. Humphreys), sent
a plant of Microstylis congesta.

M. Ch. Maron, Brunoy, France, sent a group of very fine hybrids, con-
taining Lelio-cattleya X Duvaliana (L. purpurata ? X C. Lueddemanniana
3), a handsome form with rosy-lilac sepals and petals, and the front lobe
very dark claret-purple and rather elongated (First-class Certificate), two
plants of L.-c. x Martinetii (C. Mossie @ xX L. tenebrosa ¢) with lilac-
purple flowers veined with dark-purple on the lip (Award of Merit), three
well-flowered plants of L.-c. X radiata (L. purpurata ¢ X C. nobilior 2 ),
a very charming little hybrid with lilac flowers and darker radiating nerves
on the lip, L.-c. x Berthe Fournier (L.-c. X elegans? X C. aurea 3)
L.-c. x Canhamiana, L.-c. x Aphrodite, L.-c. x callistoglossa, L.-c. X
Henry Greenwood (L.-c. X Schilleriana @ X C. X Hardyana dé), a pretty

254 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

unnamed seedling believed to be from L. purpurata Schroederi and C.
Schreedere, Lelia x nigrescens (pumila 2 X tenebrosa 3), Cattleya X
calummata, and C. X Gaudii (Leopoldi? xX Loddigesii 3), which proves
identical with the natural hybrid C. X Patrocinii, St. Leger (O.R., 1. p- 343)
and thus is specially interesting.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a very fine group of
hybrids, in many cases with one or both parents. The hybrids included
Lelia-cattleya » Aphrodite eximia, x Canhamiana, X Zephyra, X
felix, and x Hippolyta, Epiphronitis xX Veitchi, Sobralia x Veitchii,
Cattleya x Enid, Epidendrum x O’Brienianum, x Endresio-Wallisii, X
langleyensis, x radicanti-vitellinum, Disa x Veitchii, x kewensis,’ x lang-
leyensis, and x Diores var. Clio, the beautiful Phalenopsis x Luedde-
violacea, Masdevallia x Gairiana, * Imogen, Odontoglossum x excellens,
Spathoglottis X aureo-Vieillardii, Dendrobium x rhodostoma, Cypripedium
x vernixium, and several others. They also exhibited Messrs. Charles-
worth’s interesting Epilzlia x Charlesworthii (L. cinnabarina ¢ Epidendrum
radicans g ), to which an Award of Merit was given.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, staged an interesting
group, containing Lelio-cattleya x Arnoldiana, the fine Cypripedium X
I’Ansoni (one flower having a double staminode, but both anthers perfect),
x Milmanii, x Alice, x T. W. Bond, x Alfred Hollington, macropterum,
x De Witt Smith, and x Lawrenceano-Mastersianum, in many cases
together with one or both parents. They also sent the remarkable Dendro-
bium sanguineum, D. harbatulum, and ‘some good forms of Cattleya
Gaskelliana, Eldorado and Mendelii.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, staged several fine hybrid Cypri-
pediums, C. x Premier (x beechense x Rothschildianum), * A. de Lairesse
(Curtisii x Rothschildianum), x Comte Adrien de Germiny (X Swanianum
x Rothschildianum), x Duchess of Sutherland (x Youngianum * Roths-
childianum), x Lady Maple (x Youngianum x Gowerianum), and one called
x Garbari (Lawrenceanum X Rothschildianum), evidently a variety of x
Mahlerz.

Mr. G. Hansen, Scenic Tract, Berkeley, California, sent a Copy of his
well-known work, The Orchid Hybrids, for which a Vote of Thanks was given.
Some special awards we believe were also recommended, but up to the
time of going to press we have not heard any further details.

The meeting on July 25th was held at the Drill Hall, James’ Street
Westminster, and showed a great falling off in the number of exhibits,
though two ot them secured First-class Certificates. The Orchid Committee
was represented as follows :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messts-
Ballantine, Chapman, Cobb, Colman, Courtauld, Crawshay; Fowler, |

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 255

Gabriel, Hill, Little, F. W. Moore, Pitt, Young, and O’Brien (hon. sec.).

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), showed a fine
deep yellow form of Stanhopea Wardii with two black blotches on the
hypochil.

Messrs. de Rothschild, Gunnersbury Park (gr. Mr. Reynolds), showed
Vanda teres Gunnersbury Park var., a pretty light form to which an Award
of Merit was given.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook),
showed the handsome Dendrobium »x formoso-Lowii.

Frau Ida Brandt, Riesbach, Zurich (gr. Mr. Schlecht), sent Phalzenopsis
Esmeralda antennifera and the rare Bollea Lalindei.

J. G. Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford (gr. Mr. Davis), sent the
handsome Renanthera Storiei.

T. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch, Reigate (gr. Mr. Salter), showed cut
spikes of Miltonia vexillaria, including the beautiful white var. called Daisy
Haywood.

F. A. Rehder, Esq., Gipsy Hill (gr. Mr. Morris), showed Cypripedium
x Miss Rehder (Argus x hirsutissimum), a pretty light, profusely spotted
hybrid.

Lt.-Col. Shipway, Grove House, Chiswick (gr. Mr. Walters), showed a
fine specimen of Cattleya Warscewiczii, and a species of Gongora.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed a small but choice group
to which a Silver Flora Medal was given, containing Lelio-cattleya X
callistoglossa ignescens, Cattleya x Atalanta, Disa X Veitchii, Epidendrum
xX elegantulum, Lelia x Olivia, Cypripedium x Astrea, X Euryale,
X orphanum, x Harrisianum superbum, X Alice, X Morganice in fine
condition, &c. Two splendid plants which each received a First-class
Certificate were Disa X Diores var. Clio, and Sophrocattleya X Queen
Empress (C. Mossie ? X Sophronitis grandiflora 3), the latter being
the finest Sophrocattleya which has yet appeared. It is intermediate in
size and shape, with the sepals and petals bright rosy-crimson, the latter
somewhat veined, and the lip yellow at the base, dotted with purple lines,
and the lobes of the lip dark rosy-purple.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, sent a few superb Orchids,
including Cattleya Leopoldi with a very fine spike of twenty-six richly-
coloured flowers, C. Dowiana, C. X Prince of Wales, two fine white forms
of C. Eldorado, Dendrobium sanguineum, and the fine yellow Phaius X
Ashworthianus.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, showed half-a-dozen fine hybrids
of Cypripedium Rothschildianum, of which one derived from C. callosum
was particularly good.

256 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.
CATTLEYA MENDELII PERFECTION. — Gard. Mag., July 1, p. 389,
with fig.
CymBIpIUM TRACYANUM.—Garden, July 15, p. 42, t. 1231.
CYPRIPEDIUM CALLOSUM SANDER&.— Journ. of Hort., June I, p. 450,
fig. 99.
CYPRIPEDIUM X VIPANI, CORNING’S VARIETY.— A mer. Gard., June 17,
pp. 428, 429, fig. 111.
DENDROBIUM X MICANS.—Gard. Mag., July 15, p- 429, with fig.
EPIDENDRUM WALLIsII.—Gard. Mag., July 22, p. 746, with fig.
LaLIA PURPURATA Mrs. R. I. MEAsuRES.—Garden, July 15, p. 46,
with fig.
L2#LIO-CATTLEYA X APHRODITE RutTH.—Journ. of Hort., July 13,
P- 34, fig. 9.
L&LIO-CATTLEYA X DicByANo-Moss1&.—Gard. World, July 15, p. 729,
with fig.
L#LIO-CATTLEYA X DIGBYANO-TRIANE. — Journ. of Hort., July 13,
p- 35, fig. ro.
ODONTOGLossuM X ADRIANZ ASHWORTHIANUM. — Journ. of Hort.,
June 29, pp. 534, 535, fig. 120.
ODONTOGLOSsUM X CORADINEI MIRABILE.—Journ. of Hort., June 1,
PP- 447, 450, fig. 98. a
ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM AUGUSTUM. — Journ. of Hort., June 29,
PP- 534, 535; fig. 121.
ODONTOGLOssUM CRISPUM, VAR. MADAME METDEPENNINGEN. — fev.
Hort. Belge, July, p. 157, with plate. A form of O. x Wilckeanum.
ODONTOGLOSsSUM X HARRYANO-CRISPUM.—Journ. of Hort., July 6, p. 3,
fig. 1; Gard. Mag., July 15, P- 431, with fig.; Gard. Chron., July 22,
p- 66, 67, fig. 29.
Puaius X PHa@:Be.—Journ. of Hort., June 1, pp. 445, 450, fig. 97-
PHAL&NOPSIS X LUEDDE-VIOLACEA.—Journ, of Hort., July 13, p+ 373
fig. 11; Gard. World, July 22, p. 746, with fig.
ZYGOCOLAX X VEITCHII.—Journ. of Hort., July 13, p. 27, fig. 6.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

( Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in some
cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue. In the case of hybrid seedlings
sent for name, the parentage and history should always be briefly stated, for without these details we
are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily.

J.H.L., Colesborne.-- Eria mysorensis and Geodorum citrinum.
Can vay o2? Mass-—We do not know how Lelia Cowanii differs from L. caulescens, Lindl.
an you not ascertain when and where Cattleya x Dijanceana appeared ?

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‘

Contents.

PAGE
Awards at the Hybridisation Conference 281
British Hybrid Orchid, a vee - 27
Calendar of Operations for September... 281

Manchester and “North of
_ Orchid Societ
New ee

| Orchids at Burford -
‘Orchids at Godalming ...
ees ¢ Orchids at Liverpool ;
Di Dreitiene: eee
-Eulophiella Peetersiana, unrecorded diss
ery of ee

SOrahidls st Lower Sanwa
Ee pleas xe ae

Wi aw

ays

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‘

‘Contents.
PAGE
_ Awards at the Hybridisation Conference 281 |
British Hybrid Orchid, a ee. . 274
Calendar of Operations for Septenibers = oie
tum labiatum _... 28
ypripedes, Monandrous
F Gostesionidence Cie. ord
>bium Wardianum as a seed
_ Orchids at Burford —
ire Teonographique des Ok Orchids at Godalmin
idées . sae ay ee aoe Orchids at reeset |
Dies Orchidiane:. ate vie 2 ) | Orchids at Oakfield, Mor.
Orchi ear

_ Eulophiella Pesteteckiins unrecorded die:
covery of

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CULTIVATED ER GLASS IN GR trig! BRITAIN

(ZU Sable with Maps and numerous Engraving

4IS work contains emaliionas of all the most important species and varieties in cultivation, their Origin,
heh History, Date of Introduction, together with Cultural Notes, &c.
It has ie com ete to supply amateurs and cultivators of exotic Orchids. with a fuller account of the
eo genera, species, and varieties cultivated under gi than is contained in the Manuals hitherto in use.
_ The capid pice. of Orchid culture during the last quarter of a ce arnt resulting from the increased
for, and appreciation oi this bea rac and interesting order of plants, has, in our pes created the
desideratum which we have ere to supply. is
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the most important genera, or ") a group of gene:

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THE ORGHID. KEY IEW,

Vou. VII.) SEPTEMBER, 1899. (No. 81.

NOTES.

THERE will be two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society at the Drill
Hall, James Street, Westminster, during September, on the 12th and
26th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, twelve
o’clack noon.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold two
meetings, at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, during the month, on the
7th and 21st: The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open
to inspection from 1 to 3 p.m.

In continuation of the series of Distinguished Hybridists, the
Gardeners’ Chronicle has published some additional portraits, including
that of Norman C. Cookson, Esq., on August 12th (p. 130), and M. Ch.

*«, Vuylsteke on August 26th (p. 163). The excellent work of both these
gentlemen among Orchids will be familiar to our readers.

An illustration, from a photograph, of the interior of an Odontoglossum
house at Walton Grange, Stone, the residence of W. Thompson, Esq.,
is given in the Journal of Horticulture for August 17th (p. 141, fig. 31).

Flowers of the remarkable Coelogyne Micholitzii are sent from the
collection of Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen, by Mr.
Young. The species is allied to C. speciosa, but the flowers are about
a fourth smaller, and are borne on slender arching scapes about 10 inches
long. The sepals and petals are yellowish white, and the lip shining
orange-brown with a pair of darker blotches at the base. The keels are
broad and obtuse, and as the disc is very fleshy it has the appearance
of being channelled rather than keeled.

258 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

UNRECORDED DISCOVERY OF EULOPHIELLA
PEETERSIANA.
THE most striking and interesting Orchid which appeared during 1896 was
undoubtedly the remarkable Eulophiella Peetersiana, a member of a genus
founded by Mr. R. A. Rolfe on the now well-known Eulophiella Elisabethe,
first introduced by L’Horticulture Internationale, Brussels.

M. Mocquerys, who was previously a collector for M. Godefroy Lebeuf,
of Paris, made an agreement with M. Peeters, of Brussels, and left Europe
for Sainte Marie de Madagascar without anticipating the discovery of such
a magnificent plant as the one now under notice, and it is surprising what
a number of collectors have for the last two centuries passed and stayed for
a certain time in these regions without having previously noticed the most
common plant of the Isle of Nattes, at the south of Sainte Marie. On this
small isle, however, Mocquerys discovered Eulophiella Peetersiana, and
another species which is supposed to be yet undetermined, bearing rather
large white flowers, and on the coast of Madagascar just opposite Sainte
Marie he found again E. Elisabethe—another definite and interesting fact.

A friend of mine who is well known in the Orchid world, thought of

sending a collector out to explore completely the Isle of Nattes, and before —

finally arranging matters it occurred to him to look through some of the
collections of the Jardin des Plantes Herbarium at Paris, when he found,
not without great surprise, a well preserved specimen of Eulophiella
Peetersiana, which had laid in the Herbarium for the last fifty years, and
was still unidentified. The exact locality is indicated, so that there can be
no doubt about the facts. This clearly shows the importance of preserving
collections of dried specimens, though they should not remain for half-a-
century without being looked over to see what they contain.
Ee

SOPHROCATTLEYA x QUEEN EMPRESS,

A FLOWER of this superb hybrid, which received a First-class Certificate
from the Royal Horticultural Society on July 25th last, has been sent by
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, with a brief note of its origin, showing that
it was obtained by crossing Cattleya Mossiz with the pollen of Sophronitis
grandiflora, and that the seed was sown as long ago as 1884. It combines
well the characters of the two parents, having the more expanded sepals
and petals of the Sophronitis parent, but approaching the Cattleya in its
more convolute lip. The sepals and petals are bright rosy crimson, the
latter being somewhat veined, and the lip yellow at the base, dotted with
purple lines, and the lobes dark rosy purple. It is very beautiful, and
we hope that it will prove to have a good constitution.

:
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sa
{

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 259
DIES ORCHIDIAN.

SINCE my last notes were written the list of Awards at the recent
Hybridisation Conference has been issued, and I must confess my
disappointment on finding that the two Veitch Memorial Medals offered for
the two best new Orchids intentionally raised by cross-breeding or
hybridisation—one in Great Britain, the other abroad—and never previously
exhibited, were not awarded. Nothing appears to have been exhibited,
either from home or foreign raisers, which fulfilled the conditions laid
down. And yet Lelio-cattleya x Duvaliana was thought worthy of a
First-class Certificate, and Awards of Merit were bestowed on L.-c. X
Martinetii, Odontoglossum X Cooksoni Crawshayanum, Epilelia xX
Charlesworthii, and Cypripedium X Shillianum. Whether all of these had
previously been exhibited I cannot say, but I find the following note in the
Gardeners’ Chronicle report of the exhibition (p. 58) :—* Two plants were
entered for the Veitch Memorial Gold Medal for the best hybrid Orchid not
previously shown, the exhibits being the beautiful Cypripedium X Shillianum
[mis-spelt ‘Schillerianum’’] (Gowerlanum X Rothchildianum), sent by
Capt. G. W. Law-Schofield (gr. Mr. Shill) ; and Odontoglossum X crispo-
Hallii var. Crawshayanum, sent by De B. Crawshay, Esq. The Cypri-
pedium was adjudged the Medal, but ultimately it was withdrawn, both
plants having been previously exhibited, and therefore not eligible.” So
much for home exhibits, and of foreign ones there appears to have been no

entry.

This seems to dispose of the matter, but all the same the result seems
disappointing. The disqualification against Cypripedium X Shillianum
seems to have been that it was exhibited at the previous meeting of the
Manchester Orchid Society, but I was not aware that the Odontoglossum
had been previously shown. It may, however, be that Mr. Cookson’s
original hybrid between the same. two species prevents the term “‘new”’
being applied to the present one, though as varieties the two are very
distinct, which is more than can be said of a good many others. Whether
the handsome Lelio-cattleya x Duvaliana was disqualified in the same
way I do not know, or whether the fact that it had not been ‘“‘entered ” for
the award operated against it. But in such a case no special entry ought to
be required. The necessary formalities admitting the plant to the
exhibition having been complied with, the plant ought to have been eligible
for any award to which its merits entitled it, and unless it had been
previously exhibited I do not see why the Veitch Memorial Medal for the
best foreign hybrid was not awarded to it. Then there was a most
beautiful hybrid between Laelia purpurata and Cattleya Schroedere—since

260 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

named Lelio-cattleya x Isabella—which ought to have been eligible under
the stipulated conditions.

All things considered, the competition seems to have been a bit of a fiasco,
like that for the Special prizes offered by the Society in 1896 for New Plants,
to which I have previously alluded (supra, v. p. 135), and for much the same
reasons. In fact, the failure in both cases arose more from the nature of the
conditions imposed than from the want of exhibits which would have been
eligible under different rules, and this points to the necessity for some
amendment. I would therefore suggest that in any future competition of
this kind the words “never previously exhibited” should read “not
previously certificated by the Society”; also that the awards should be
open to any plant exhibited at the meeting without special entry. It seems
absurd to disqualify a meritorious exhibit at its first time of flowering
simply because it was shown a few days earlier, let us say at Paris, Ghent,
or Manchester. Nor do I see why a plant should be precluded from
competing when strong enough to show its true character, simply because it
was exhibited last year, when its first flower was produced. It is well-
known that hybrids are often shown at their first time of flowering, when
obviously undeveloped, in order to get the name recorded, and thus prevent
someone else who flowers it later from getting the credit of first raising it,
which is perfectly legitimate. The result may be that it is passed over, OF
the Committee may express a wish to see it again when better developed,
and to disqualify sucha plant is absurd. The exclusion of plants previously
certificated by the Society would suffice to exclude well-known old plants
from the competition, and this should be all that is necessary.

The rule requiring a special entry is one which I cannot understand,
and defeats the object aimed at, as has previously been pointed out.
Concerning the special prizes offered in 1896, the Council had to report:
‘Owing to insufficiency of competition (in several of the classes there
were absolutely no entries, and in others only one or two at most) the
judges appointed to deal with these classes were only able to award the
medal in one class.” And yet in this very class there was no lack of
exhibits which were thought worthy of awards. On the contrary, they
were too numerous, for in the Council’s Report for 1896 we find the
following :—‘* The Council must again express their opinion that there still
appears to be a tendency to multiply unduly the awards recommended,
and they earnestly request the several Committees to consider seriously
whether there is not a real danger of impairing the value of these dis-
tinctions by such increase of their number” (Report of the Council, p- 3)+
As a matter of fact 36 First-class Certificates and 100 Awards of Merit had

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 261

been given (l.c., p. 2), yet out of all this lot only one plant succeeded in
gaining one of a number of Medals specially offered, ‘‘ with the object of
encouraging individual effort, &c.,” and of which the judging was to be
“by points,” which were to be “duly kept and recorded,” and ‘the
winner . . . announced at the end of the season.” Something has
obviously gone wrong, for the two stories do not hang together anyhow.

The difficulty is clear, and the remedy simple. Abolish the necessity
for a special entry. The fact that a plant has gone through whatever
formality is necessary to allow it to be exhibited and brought before the
Committee should be sufficient to enable it to take part in the competition.
Under present conditions the Medals might have gone to inferior exhibits
because the best, though present, had not been specially entered. Happily
we have been spared that indignity, but all the same the offer of these
special prizes, both on the earlier and recent occasions, has been something
-like a farce, and having shown the cause and suggested a remedy, I am
content to leave the matter, at all events for the present.

The following explains itself:—‘‘ Dear Argus, Here are a couple of
interesting snippings which you may like to have. I need hardly say that
they are taken from a recent Sale Catalogue :—

‘ CYPRIPEDIUM CHARLESWORTHII.

‘A beautiful dwarf-habited, large-flowered Cypripedium, noticeable for
its large, broad, rose-coloured dorsal. . . . Grand forms are known with
huge dorsal sepals often nearly five inches across, and almost purple in
colouring.’

‘ LZLIA JONGHEANA.

‘ The brilliant ameythyst and golden yellow flowers are large, and are
borne two to five on stout spikes.’

“Tam on the look out for these plants.” And I hope you will find
them. ARGUS.

LAELIA JONGHEANA.

TuE habitat of this fine Lelia, which has recently been re-introduced to
cultivation (ante, p. 173), is, according to Mr. E. Kromer (quoted in a note
in The Garden for August 5th), Central Brazil, in the district of Minas
Geraes, where it grows on trees, at an elevation of over 2,000 feet above
sea-level. It should succeed under similar treatment to that given to Lelia
flava, except that it should have a lighter and more exposed position, where
it will receive the maximum of light. Its normal flowering time 1s
considered to be January and February.

262 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHIDS AT BURFORD.

ONE of the features of a large and varied collection is that there is
always something of interest in flower, even at the dullest season of the
year, and this was specially apparent in looking through the fine collection
of Sir Trevor Lawrence, at Burford, Dorking, some few days ago. Here
may be seen many interesting rarities which are seldom met with else-
where, and as the well-known showy species and hybrids are equally
well represented there is both great variety and a constant succession
of flowers.

One of the first plants noted the other day was the new Stanhopea
Rodigasiana, which is remarkable for the almost hatchet-shaped horns
of the lip, which with other anomalies almost constitute it a new section
of the genus. Dendrobium Huttoni was also interesting, for, although
one parent of the well-known D. x rhodostoma, we do not remember to
have met with it before. The beautiful violet-blue D. Victoria-Regina was °
also flowering freely from bulbs made in this country—those previously
produced were on imported ones—and being borne with the leaves were
very effective. Two other species in flower were D. aqueum and D.
gracile, the last being very rare. Cycnoches maculatum was bearing a
fine spike of male flowers, as was also the remarkable Catasetum
tabulare. By the way, we believe the other sex of both these species is
still unknown.

Polystachya Lawrenceana is a pretty little plant, its rosy purple lip
contrasting effectively with the green of the sepals and petals. P.
odorata bears panicles of yellowish green flowers. Among Maxillarias
were noted M. fucata, Hubschii, and molitor, three rare and pretty species
of the grandiflora group, and among Oncidiums the handsome O. spilop-
terum, a fine example of O. trulliferum, O. dasytyle, O. X prestans,
good specimens of O. ornithorhynchum and incurvum, O. cristatum, O-
macranthum, and two or three others, this genus being very well
represented. Two good plants of Odontoglossum aspidorhinum were
flowering very freely, one bearing as many as twenty spikes, besides
which O. Uroskinneri and the very distinct variety album were in bloom,
together with a curious green form of O. ramosissum, which also differs
much in habit from the white, purple-spotted form, and it seems possible
that more than one species is included under this name. Miltonia
Schroederiana, a handsome species from Costa Rica, was also finely in
flower.

Among Epidendrums may be mentioned the handsome E. fulgens, E.
= x O’Brienianum), a very interesting hybrid

page 10 of the present volume, the curious little E.

THE ORCHID REVIEN, : 263

Matthewsii, belonging to the Nanodes group, E. ochraceum, and a few
others. The handsome Lelio-cattleya x Henry Greenwood, and Lelia
Boothiana, must also be mentioned, together with Acineta Barkeri, a fine
Phalznopsis amabilis, the rare Sobralia Liliastrum, a fine plant of
Platyclinis filiformis wreathed in spikes, Nephelaphyllum pulchrum,
Habenaria rhodochila, and Microstylis Scottii. In conclusion we may
mention some good clumps of Promenza xanthina and _stapelioides
intermixed, as imported, which were flowering very freely in the Mas-
devallia house, also the rare Masdevallia ventricularia var. longicaudata,
and some good plants of both the purple and buff-coloured varieties of
M. infracta flowering very freely.

We have not made any attempt to indicate the commoner species
seen in flower, but may briefly mention that they included the beautiful
Cypripedium xX Morganie, and various others, some of them raised in
the collection.

Sir Trevor takes a great personal interest in his plants; indeed we
found him busy among them, and we are indebted to him for pointing
out many other rare or choice things not now in flower, besides the above.
All have a history, and the flowering of several is awaited with interest.
A large miscellaneous collection of this kind entails much care and watch-
fulness to keep everything in health, but it is managed with conspicuous
ability by Sir Trevor’s clever Orchid grower, Mr. White, who could
doubtless give some interesting details about his struggles with some of
the intractable subjects which must inevitably form part of such a
collection.

ORCHIDS AT OAKFIELD, MORECAMBE.

A SPLENDID collection of Orchids has sprung into existence here with
amazing rapidity, as on our recent visit we were most agreeably surpr ised
to see with what leaps and bounds progress had been made. Oakfield is
the very pleasant residence of Thomas Baxter, Esq., who is evidently no
second-rate enthusiast, but a whole-hearted admirer of the “beautiful
and aristocratic Orchid.” The houses are nicely and conveniently situated,
forming a half-square, a range of lean-to’s forming one side, and a rigs i of
three-quarter spans the other, which are connected at one end by a spacious
and handsomely-built span-roof house, and a rockwork fernery. The
whole of the houses are mainly devoted to Orchids. The first department
of the lean-to ranges is devoted to East Indian and other warm-growing
kinds, and we there noted in splendid health and vigour many well-known
old favourites, such as Peristeria elata, Stanhopeas in variety, a fine batch
of Calanthe x Veitchii, grand plants of Dendrobim suavissimum,

264 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

D. Wardianum and D. Phalznopsis, Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana, doing
well on blocks, Cypripedium bellatulum and C. Lawrenceanun, fine plants ;
also Phalznopsis Schilleriana and P. grandiflora, which appear to like the
situation.

The whole of the remaining departments forming this range, three in
number, pricipaily contain cool-growing Orchids, Odontoglossum crispum
being an especial favourite here ; and when we say that some five thousand
crispums alone are accommodated, in various stages of growth from newly-
imported to established plants, some idea may be gleaned of the magnitude
of the collection and the space required. Some very fine crispums were in
bloom, many of which were A 1. in point of form and substance, and a
number of highly-spotted and blotched varieties were also noted amongst
them. In these houses were also grand examples of Oncidium crispum,
O. sarcodes, O. macranthum, O. tigrinum, Odontoglossum citrosmum,
O. Edwardii, O. Hallii, a fine batch of O. grande and O. Insleayi,
O. Rossii in great variety, and many others. They are arranged on
step-like stages, running almost parallel with the roof glass, so that each
plant can be distinctly seen and receive its due share of light and air.

Passing from this range we enter the connecting large, span-roofed
house, which is given up to the culture of Lelias and Cattleyas, and
Intermediate house species generally. Here are a fine lot of Cattleyas
of the labiata section, including C. Triane, C. Mendelii, C. Mossie,
C. Gaskelliana, and C. Warscewiczii (gigas). Also such others as
C. Harrisoniana, C. Loddigesii, C. Schilleriana, C. granulosa and its variety
Schofieldiana, C. Bowringiana, grand plants of Lelia purpurata, L. tene-
brosa and L. Digbyana, Leelio-cattleya x Schilleriana, &c. This isa model
Orchid house, having its centre and side stages, and judging from the
appearance of the plants well suited to their requirements.

The next department is the rock fernery before mentioned, but room here
and there is found for Orchids, without detriment to the ferns. An extra-
ordinary large specimen of Cymbidium Lowianum in robust health here
finds a home, and a nice plant of C. Tracyanum was also noted; besides
which we observed a good batch of Ceelogyne cristata, and a grand plant of
C. Dayana.

We now enter the range of three-quarter-span roofed houses, and
although these are not entirely given up to the cultivation of Orchids,
many species may there be found, including a fine lot of Cypripediums,
Coelogynes, Cymbidiums, Mexican Lelias, also a fine specimen of
L. Cowanii, with Oncidiums and Dendrobiums in great variety.

Much credit is due to Mr. Baxter’s energetic gardener, Mr. R. Roberts,
for his successful management of this large and promising collection.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 265

DICTIONNAIRE ICONOQGRAPHIQUE DES ORCHDIEES.

THE March and April numbers of the Dictionnaire Iconographique des Orchidées
of Messrs. Cogniaux and Goossens reached us early in August, and among
the plates we notice Disa xX Veitchii, Stauropsis gigantea, Cymbidium
pendulum, Masdevallia elephanticeps, Odontoglossum Edwardii, Pescatorea
Lehmanni, and Warscewiczella discolor, also six additional Cypripediums.
The plant figured as Zygopetalum Mackayi, however, is not the original one
of that name (Bot. Mag., t. 2748), but evidently a form of Z. crinitum, Lodd.

In the accompanying Chronique Orchidéene (p. 219) M. Cogniaux
expresses great surprise at a remark made at p. 161 of our June issue, that
‘Cypripedium exul, O’Brien should be C. exul, Rolfe,” especially as the
former name was “given by Mr. Rolfe in the Lindenia.” M. Cogniaux is
evidently not aware that the name as given in Lindenia was a hurried
alteration in the proof, and after all was incorrect. He evidently overlooked
the history of the question at pp. 269, 270 of our fourth volume, or he would
have cited it. The facts are briefly that on April 12, 1892, it was exhibited
at a meeting of the R.H.S. under the name of Cypripedium insigne var.
siamense, the correctness of which was doubted by the Orchid Committee,
who referred it to Kew for determination. On April 19th it was again
exhibited as C. exul, Rolfe (syn. C. insigne var. exul, Ridl.), and the facts
were recorded in the Journal of Horticulture, and two days later in the
Gardeners’ Chronicle, but in the latter the author of the name was omitted,
which fact is responsible for all the confusion which has arisen.

At the same time M. Cogniaux expresses himself as curious to know
why the plates in the Dictionnaire are not deemed worthy of a place in
our list of Orchid Portraits. The question has already been answered. If
M. Cogniaux will turn to page 67 of our March issue he will find an
explanation, which it seems unnecessary to repeat. The remark seems to
insinuate that we show a want of appreciation of the work, which is a great
mistake, and this is the fifth time during the present year that we have
called attention to it. We find it most useful, and the plates attain a degree
of accuracy which is sadly lacking in some figures which we know. It may
seem ungracious to call attention to mistakes which have appeared in it,
but we have done it solely in the interests of accuracy, and believe that
any impartial observer would admit it to bea service to horticulture, if not
to the work itself. Already new sheets of text have been issued to replace
erroneous ones as a result of our remarks, and, to be candid, we think this
has been the weakest point in the work.

The May and June numbers have arrived just as we are going to press.
The former contains, among others, Aérides Houlletianum, Cymbidium
tigrinum, Dendrobium cymbidioides and thyrsiflorum, Eulophiella

266 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Elisabethe, Maxillaria nigrescens, Mormodes Lawrenceanum, and Phalzn-
opsis Denisiana, Cogn., which is synonymous with P. Kunstleri, Hook. f.
The June number is devoted entirely to Cypripedium, and contains C.
Appletonianum and Mastersianum, two forms each of C. Boxallii and
Charlesworthii, together with eight hybrids. The habitat of C. Charles-
worthii is given as the Arracan district, but this habitat was long ago
corrected. It is a native of the Shan States, as recorded by the discoverer,
Mr. R. Moore, in an interesting article in these pages (ill. pp. 169-172).

el

USE OF ORCHID-BARK FOR ORNAMENT.

THE following additional information respecting the use of Orchid-bark
appears in the July-August number of the Kew Bulletin (pp. 138-139) :—

‘In some ‘ Notes on Orchids in the Jungle’ (Orchid Review, 1893, vol.1.,
p- 82), the late Major-General E. S. Berkeley described the use of the
‘fibre’ of Dendrobium secundum for making the string or ‘connector’
with which the aborigines of N. Andaman attach the head to the shaft of
their arrows. The employment of Orchids for any useful purpose is rare,
and the present seemed so exceptional that application was made to Mr.
E. H. Man, C.S.I., deputy-superintendent of the Andamans, for specimens
illustrating it for the Kew Museum. Mr. Man very kindly forwarded to
Kew an interesting letter (dated December 6, 1893) from Mr. M. V.
Portman, officer-in-charge of the Andamanese, which corrected General
Berkeley’s account in many particulars:—‘ The connector attaching the
head to the shaft of the ‘ Ela,’ the arrow used for shooting pig, is made of
the fibre of Anodendron paniculatum (‘ Yolba’), and Orchid bark is never
used in its manufacture.

‘Orchid bark (Ra) is, however, worked into the yolba fibre binding the
head of the fish arrow (Taulbod), and also in the head of the Ela, but as an
ornament only, owing to its bright yellow colour. It is prepared as follows:
The Orchid is roasted over embers, until the bark becomes of a straw
colour, and the bark is then stripped off by a shell-knife. It is very brittle,
owing to the baking it has received, has no toughness at any time, and is
absolutely valueless commercially.’

Mr. Man has been good enough to send to Kew an interesting series of
objects consisting of bracelets, armlets, a waist-belt, and head ornament,
made of shells fastened to a coarse cord which is covered with the bright
yellow skin or bark exactly corresponding with that which covers the
pseudobulbs of Dendrobium secundum.

In a farther letter; dated June 18, 1894, Mr. M. V. Portman says:—
‘The Ongés of the Little Andaman Island make more use of the bark

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 267

than the aborigines of the Great Andaman, their ornaments being composed
ofit. . . . . The people of the western tribe of Torres Straits, who in
their customs greatly resemble the Andamanese, make a similar use of
Orchid bark; specimens are probably in the British Museum (see a paper
by Professor A. C. Haddon in the Journal of the Anthropological Instituie,
November 26, 1889, pp. 385, 386).’”’

ORCHIDS AT GODALMING.

ELsTEAD House, Godalming, the residence of C. L. N. Ingram, Esq.,
is familiar to our readers as the source of many fine hybrids of the
Cattleya group, which have been raised by Mr. Bond, Mr. Ingram’s able
gardener, and as we had the pleasure of looking through the collection a
few days ago, we made the following hasty notes. Six or seven houses
are mostly devoted to Orchids, of which the number is estimated to exceed
six thousand, the plants being in that thriving condition which indicates
that their requirements are well looked after. The large Cattleya house
contains about two thousand plants in various stages, those in flower at
the time of our visit including a good series of C. Gaskelliana and
Warscewiczii, a fine variety of the former showing a large amount of
yellow on the lip’s disc, and one of the latter having the eye-like blotches
quite white. Of C. Eldorado some pretty forms were noticed, and an
exceptionally large and handsome form of C. Leopoldi. The only Lelia
observed was L. crispa, which has the merit of flowering at this com-
paratively dull season, so far as Orchids are concerned. Lzlio-cattleya
X Schilleriana was represented by a variety with blush-pink sepals and
petals, and L.-c. x elegans by a good richly-coloured form. The most
interesting of home-raised hybrids in flower was L.-c. X Elstead Gem, a
striking hybrid derived from Lelia xanthina and Cattleya bicolor, which
has bright greenish-yellow sepals and petals, white side lobes to the lip—
which are much better developed than might have been excepted—and a
brilliant amethyst front lobe, the three colours forming a very effective
contrast. A seedling from Lelia Dayana @ and L. anceps ¢ was also
producing a first flower, the peduncle being very short, and the colour
purple, but evidently not yet properly developed. Another promising
seedling just flowering is descended from Cattleya Lawrenceana and C.
Triane. Ccelogyne Massangeana was also flowering freely here.

Two Cool houses contain a good collection of Odontoglossums and
others requiring similar treatment, very few being now in flower, though
we observed a good plant of Lycaste cruenta. There is also a good house
of Dendrobiums, containing numerous species and hybrids, most of them

268 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

now making growths for next season’s flowering. A Warm house contains
a number of Phalznopses in vigorous health, bearing clean strong leaves
without any trace of spot. Here also the warm-growing Cypripediums
and a few other plants find their home. Two other houses also contain
some good Cypripediums, some of which were in flower, and among them
C. X gracile, a seedling from C. X Haynaldianum @ and C. X Swanianum
3, bearing a three-flowered raceme.

Hybrids are numerous in the collection, for Mr. Bond commenced this
interesting work many years ago, and many fine things, more especially
pertaining to the Cattleya group, have appeared at the meetings of the
Royal Horticultural Society. Unflowered seedlings are numerous, and
likely to furnish many interesting additions, as some of the crosses
effected are very promising, and these we shall doubtless here of in due
season.

DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM AS A SEED PARENT.

THE following note, written as long ago as 1889 by Mr. R. B. White
(Gard. Chron., 1889, v., p. 438), is interesting in connection with the recent
discussion on the subject:—‘I have only once succeeded in getting a
seed-pod on Dendrobium Wardianum, and in this case it got accidentally
broken off. This species seems to me more difficult to fertilise than any Of
the others. What is the reason of this? It must be easily propagated in
its native habitat, on account of its abundance, and we are very nearly
enabled to imitate its climatic conditions.”

MONANDROUS CYPRIPEDES.

ANOMALOUS flowers of Phragmipedilum Xx Sedeni frequently make their
appearance, with one of the petals assuming the position of the upper
sepal, and with the staminode and second petal apparently wanting. Such
flowers at first sight seem to be entirely without petals, the labellum alone
remaining of the inner circle of perianth organs. Closer observation
reveals the rather startling fact that such flowers are monandrous, the third,
and normally infertile, stamen (the staminode) alone being present and
fertile. Transverse sections of the ovary show that the usual number of
three cells is no longer constant, there being but two.

So far as I am able to ascertain, the above anomalous condition
is rare in Paphiopedilum. In July, 1899, I found a specimen of P
barbatum which showed the following peculiarities, and is an interesting
subject for comparison with the anomalous flowers already described above:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 269

This particular P. barbatum flower had no upper sepal, and no lateral
petals, one of the lateral petals having changed its position so as to be
opposite to the labellum. The lower sepal was normal, and the labellum
equally so; the staminode was also replaced by a fertile stamen, bearing
good pollen, but the ovary, which one would naturally expect to find
changed in some way, was normal, even to its placentation.

Whatever the significance of such anomalies, I am sure interesting
experiments could be carried out by cross-fertilisation, if the pollen of the
normally infertile stamen were used, not with the intention of obtaining a
new monster of horticultural value, but something that might throw light
on ancestral conditions in a way heretofore unheard of.

North Easton, Mass. OAKES AMES.

HYBRID ORCHIDS.

THE following note was written in 1889 by Mr. W. Smythe, Basing Park,
Alton (Gard. Chron., 1889, v., p. 341), and is interesting in connection with
recent records. Can anyone say if any of the plants mentioned are now
in existence ?

‘“Some hybrids of Phaius grandifolius x Calanthe X Veitchii have
been raised here. The seed, which was very good as regarded vitality,
grew quickly on being sown. P. grandifolius, which was the seed parent,
was fertilised on January 1, 1888, and the seed capsule was ripe on June I,
and was at once sown. A nice lot of young plants came up about the end
of September, and some of the plants are now 1} inches high, and look
promising. The foliage is very much more like that of Calanthe X Veitchii
than of Phaius grandifolius. I may mention that the seed was sown on the
soil in which the plant of Phaius was growing; and before sowing the seed
the soil was loosened on the surface, and the old plant placed on a shelf in
the stove, where the treatment adopted was that usual with Phaius. I
think that this is by far the easiest and most certain way to raise any
seedling Orchids, and I feel quite sure that seeds of many of our best
Orchids, if they can be obtained, would come up well, and grow much
better thus raised than if they were specially treated. I have proved that
Odontoglossums and Cypripediums will succeed in this way. I have
several other Orchids that have seed capsules upon them that will soon
be ripe, and these seeds it is my intention to treat in this way. Moreover,
I have Oncidium fertilised with Odontoglossum, the capsules being now
ripe; and likewise Zygopetalum Mackayi and Calanthe vestita fertilised
with Phaius grandifolius.”

270 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
GOODYERA TESSELLATA.

ONE of the most interesting Orchids of the eastern United States is
Goodyera tessellata, Lodd. It is found in upland woods, usually under the
shade of pine forests, differing from G. pubescens, R.Br., its near ally, in
its method of growth. It is not found in patches like G. pubescens, but
isolated, each plant being a hundred feet or more distant from its nearest
neighbours. It is interesting for its leaves, which exhibit a range of
variation most remarkable ; some being less than one inch, while others
exceed two inches in length; some are broadly ovate, others narrowly
lanceolate ; some are distinctly reticulate-veined, while others show every —
conceivable kind of nervation until plain green is reached. The scapes are
also variable, not only in the number of flowers they support, but in length,
some exceeding eleven inches, while others are considerably shorter than
four inches, and on plants growing under similar and favourable
conditions. :

This species, which has been well worked out and freed from the
confusion in which it recently existed (Fernald in Rhodora, i., pp. 2—7, t- 0),
is a difficult subject to handle under cultivation, and rarely lives longer
than two years when introduced: to gardens. The cause of this cannot at
Present be stated with certainty, and yet the very fact that the plants
refuse to grow, if only moved a few hundred yards from their native habitat,
is significant. In every instance where I have examined this plant in -
gardens it has been firmly placed in garden soil. This is undoubtedly an
opposite method to that apparently required, for the plant, under natural
conditions, grows with its Toots among pine needles, except in rare cases
when it has been reported growing in deep moss. If G. tessellata could be

eries or in the open ground, under the

g its culture. Its blossoms make 4
very good appearance when they open in late July and early August.
pubescens, and, being born in loose
spikes, are much more attractive,

G. tessellata was published by Loddiges in 1824 (Bot. Cab., t. 952), and
shortly afterwards described by Sims as G. pubescens var. minor (Bol.
Mag., t. 2540), but neither of these names has been in general use among
botanists in the United States. At the exhibitions of the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society, the collections of native plants usually contained
specimens of an ambiguous Goodyera species, which some persons called
G. repens, others G, Menziesii, although nobody was absolutely certain
as to which the plant might really be. This confusion arose from the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 271

fact that Gray’s Manual of Botany did not give a fourth species, and of
the three described it was natural that those which were not G. pubescens
should be mistaken for the plant in question, which could not be dis-
tinguished sufficiently from either of them—in fact, the geographical range
as given in Gray’s Manual was misleading, and in part mistaken; the
species G. Menziesii there described from New York and New
Hampshire being confused with G. tessellata. Even in the Illustrated
Flora by Britton and Brown, recently published, G. tessellata seems to
have furnished some of the material for a description of what is there
called Peramium Menziesii (i. p. 475).

The main differences between the species of Goodyera named in this
account may be summed up as follows :—G. pubescens has globular flowers,
and two very short teeth on the stigma; G. repens aas a saccate labellum,
with an elongated, recurved tip, the teeth on the stigma short ; G. tessellata
has a less saccate labellum, the elongated tip slightly if at all recurved,
and the teeth of the stigma equalling in length the body of the stigma ;
and G. Menziesii has a slightly saccate labellum with involute margin, and
the teeth on the stigma longer than in G. tessellata.

Oakes AMES.
North Easton, Mass.

ORCHIDS OF LOWER BENGAL.

ALTHOUGH our Indian Flora is extremely rich in Orchids, it is surprising
to notice how limited in number are the species found in the low-lying
districts known as the plains of Bengal. If we attempt to make any
comparison with the number found in the hills, and right throughout
Assam and Burma, we shall soon come to the conclusion that Bengalese
Orchids are so limited in species that they hardly deserve to be spoken of.
I think 1 am right in saying that the number of species found in Lower
Bengal does not exceed a dozen, and these cannot be considered as typical
or peculiar to this particular part of the Empire.

The commonest of all, and the only one really typical of the Jungle,
is the old Vanda Roxburghii, which grows under the most varied
conditions ; and during the months of March, April, and May, the display
formed by hundreds of spikes is simply delightful. There are some very
distinct varieties, differing principally in colour, and the lips varying from
light pink to deep brown, as well as nearly blue. The white form seems to
be very rare, and we have in our gardens only a single record of a white
variety, which unfortunately was lost a few years ago.

Cymbidium pendulum may be mentioned next, and is often found in
large clumps, sending forth its long drooping spikes, bearing a multitude

cree. ieee

272 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

of yellow and purple striped flowers, which vary in colour. It also varies
a great deal in habit, sometimes appearing as a tallish plant, and at others
rather dwarf and fleshy. This depends a great deal on the conditions under
which it grows, and the more the plant is exposed to the full light the
dwarfer it appears. This species varies so much that it may be easily
mistaken for C. bicolor, which is found further south.

Pogonia, a genus of terrestrial herbs, is represented by two species,
P. carinata and P. plicata, found in quantity in shady spots, and which are
scattered throughout Bengal. About April or May they push up their small
spikes, which very seldom exceed 6 ins. in height, and have the peculiarity
of flowering before the leaves appear. P. plicata, which is very common
in the neighbourhood of Calcutta, is represented by two distinct forms,
one which has brown leaves, and the other perfectly green, though some-
times brown in their early stage. Their leaves are very broad, strongly
plicate, and rest on the surface of the earth. P. carinata is smaller in
habit.

Pogonias are sometimes found in European collections, but do not seem
to flower freely. Let me say that to succeed with them, their resting
period ought to be very well observed, that is to say from the time the
leaves perish until the flower spikes appear, which is for them a natural
sign of awakening. While growing, they require a great deal of humidity,
which will practically correspond to our rainy season.

Didymoplexis pallens is undoubtedly a charming little terrestrial
leafless saprophyte, which also flowers during May and June, and is nearly
always found in wooded, shady situations. The flowers, which are
yellowish white, are rarely more than four in number, on a small, erect
spike, and the pedicels, which are very short at first, have the peculiarity
of elongating enormously as the capsule develops, sometimes attaining 4
length of eight inches. It is not cultivated in Europe, and, being a
saprophyte, probably could not be introduced alive, though it would be an
interesting addition to a botanical collection.

Eulophia is also represented by two species well known in European
collections, viz.: E. virens and E. campestris. The former extends from
Bengal southwards to Ceylon, in the Central Province, and the latter
is well known all over the plains of India. Unfortunately they are not of
much decorative value. Geodorum dilatum is also sometimes found, but
is very scarce in the district of Calcutta, and is known to flower just before
the rains break. Saccolabium papillosum seems to be the only representa-
tive of the genus found in our plains. It is spread northward and eastward
to Assam. One or two species of Goodyera and Sarcanthus are said to
grow in Bengal, but I have not yet found any.

A. GRIESSEN.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 273

ONCIDIUM x HAMATOCHILUM.

Four years ago it was suggested by Mr. T. I. Potter, of St. Anne’s,
Trinidad, that this handsome but mysterious Oncidium was a natural
hybrid between Oncidium luridum and O. Lanceanum, and as a result
of this communication the history. of the plant was examined in
detail, the result being to confirm the probability of the truth
of Mr. Potter’s suggestion (Orch. Rev., ili. pp. 174, 175). Mr. Potter
showed that the plant occurred in a wild state in the south-western
part of Trinidad, in the Cedros district, together with the two species
in question, and was intermediate between them in shape and
colour. He had also succeded in crossing the two species together arti-

Fig 15. ONCIDIUM X H&MATOCHILUM.

ficially, and though he had only succeeded in raising one seedling, he
hoped that in due time it would flower, and remove the last element of
doubt in the matter. The photograph here reproduced was afterwards
sent by Mr. Potter, and shows the two varieties mentioned in his former
note. It will be observed that they differ considerably in detail, the one
on the right hand having a large amount of yellow on the lip, with the
crimson stain confined to the centre. This has also much spotted sepals
and petals, and more of the shape of O. luridum generally, a peculiarity
which is said also to extend to the general habit of the plant. The other
has more of the shape of O. Lanceanum, the sepals and petals are less
spotted, and the crimson blotch on the lip extends much further towards

274 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the margin. A second photograph of this, showing the entire plant, bears
out Mr. Potter’s remark that it is also most like O. Lanceanum in habit.
Both were obtained from the same locality, and illustrate well what is
already known of the variability of hybrids. It is a matter of regret that
so handsome a plant should be so rare in cultivation, and we hope that
our hybridists will now take the matter in hand.

A BRITISH HYBRID ORCHID.

Ev’DENCE as to the occurrence of Natural Hybrid Orchids in Britain is
gradually accumulating, and the following note appears in the August
number of the Journal of Botany (p. 360) :-—

“On June 23rd, 1898, on the slope of the chalk escarpment north of
Sevenoaks, I observed, growing in company with Orchis maculata and
Gymnadenia conopsea, two flowering spikes of intermediate appearance,
resembling the former in general aspect, and the latter in colour. Further
examination showed that they resembled O. maculata in the stout spur
without free honey, the spotted lip, and the absence of strong aromatic
fragrance. In the leading generic character the flowers resembled Gymna-
denia rather than Orchis, the viscid glands being twice as long as broad,
destitute of a pouch, and so placed as to form the roof of the entrance to
the nectary, the stigmatic surfaces being thus necessarily lateral. The
spur, while as stout as that of O. maculata, differed from it in being slightly
curved, and rather longer than the germen. Even in the minor details,
such as the texture of the pollen masses and the nearly horizontal lateral
sepals with strongly revolute margins, the affinity to G. conopsea was shown,
as also in the fact that these sepals usually expanded before the lip. This
year I again found in the same place two spikes of the intermediate plant,
and, having submitted one of these to Mr. Frederick J. Hanbury, he agrees
with me that the plant must be a hybrid. According to Darwin and
Miller, O. maculata is fertilised by diptera, and G. conopsea by night-flying
moths, but the occurrence of the hybrid shows that the same insect
occasionally visits both. From evidence incidentally furnished in Pryor’s
Flora of Hertfordshire, 1 believe that the plant known as Orchis latifolia
var. angustifolia usually grows associated with G. conopsea, and I would
recommend botanists who have observed this form to ascertain whether it
be not, as I think probable, the hybrid in question.—H. PEIRsoN.”

Although I have not seen the plants in question, I think from the
description that they belong to Orchigymnadenia X Legrandiana (Camus
in Journ. de Bot., 1892, p. 478), a natural hybrid with the above parentage,
which has already been detected in Austria and France.

R. A. ROLFE.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 275

ORCHIDS AT LIVERPOOL.

A VERY interesting collection of Orchids which we had the pleasure of
inspecting about the end of May last is that of Reginald Young, Esq., Frin-
gilla, Linnet Lane, Sefton Park, Liverpool. Mr. Young, it is well known, is
a great lover of Cypripediums, but does not confine his attention to them
alone, for three of his five houses are devoted to other groups. The houses
are attached by a glass lobby to Mr. Young’s residence, and thus can be
conveniently visited in all weathers without stepping into the open air.

First in order comes the Cool or Odontoglossum house, in which we
observed good flowering examples of O. crispum, Pescatorei, triumphans,
polyxanthum, Cervantesii and Rossii, together with Epidendrum vitellinum,
which is grown on rafts and succeeds well, some good Masdevallia ignea, a
well-flowered example of Dendrobium infundibulum, also Polystachya
pubescens, and Oncidium macranthum in bud.

Next follows a Cypripedium house, kept at Intermediate temperature,
where besides the inmates proper, which we will return to later, we also
noted good examples of Odontoglossum citrosmum with its beautiful
pendulous racemes, Maxillaria Sanderiana, Chysis bractescens, Saccolabium
ampullaceum, and the remarkable Dendrobium Brymerianum. Miltonia
vexillaria is also grown here, and the plants were in bud.

Then comes a Warm Cypripedium house, where, besides a fine collection
of these plants, we observed examples of Dendrobium Dearei and pulchellum
(Dalhousieanum), also the graceful Platyclinis filiformis in bud.

The next house may be described as a Stove, as it has various Orchids
suspended from the roof, with stove plants below, the former including
various Dendrobiums, Lelia anceps, good plants of Ccelogyne cristata,
Vanda teres, &c.

The Cattleya house is a larger structure, and contains numerous good
examples of this genus and its allies, with a few other interesting things.
Among those noted in flower were several good forms of C. Mossi, C.
Mendelii, C. citrina, forms of Lelia purpurata, Epidendrum X O’Brienia-
num, a fine plant of Ornithidium Sophronitis, the handsome Vanda teres,
and Dendrobium thyrsiflorum.

The Cypripediums, however, are Mr. Young’s special hobby, and of
these he has a fine collection, besides hundreds of his own seedlings, in all
stages from the tiniest seedlings up to those which have reached the
flowering stage. These belong to upwards of 150 different batches, raised
between 1892 and 1898, and some good things may be anticipated during
the next few years. Mr. Young has recorded all his crosses in the most
careful manner, and further has the most complete list of hybrids of this
group from all sources which we know of, as he keeps all the additions

276 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

posted up as they appear, in a thoroughly systematic way. The importance
of such records can hardly be over-estimated, and we had great pleasure in
looking through them. Mr. Young, as our readers are already aware, has
adopted what has been termed the “new nomenclature,” in his collection,
and our notes are made in accordance.

Many species and hybrids were in flower at the time of our visit. In the
Intermediate house we noted some fine forms of Paphiopedilum bellat-
ulum, including the beautiful variety album, two fine flowers of P. xX
Drurio-Hookerz, a really striking thing, P. Argus, barbatum, Boxallii,
hirsutissimum, X Clotho, a light form of Appletonianum, and others, also
good plants of Phragmipedilum x Sedeni candidulum and x leucorrhodum.
As might be expected in such a collection, many fine seed-pods were
developing, some of which will probably be heard of in the future. On
many of the pots seeds had been sown, and it was interesting to see the
tiny plants in various stages of germination.

In the Warm house many good things were in flower, including P.
Chamberlainianum, barbatum,; Lawrenceanum, X superciliare, X selligerum
majus, Hookerz, Curtisii, x microchilum, ciliolare, niveum, X almum, and
some others, together with Phragmipedilum x Dominianum, X grande, X
Schroeder, and X nitidissimum, making a very nice show. Here also was
plenty of evidence of the hybridisation experiments carried on, both in the
shape of capsules, and the number of young seedlings appearing, a circum-
stance which doubtless entails some embarrassment when repotting becomes
necessary. :

‘It would be impossible to indicate a tithe of the interesting crosses which
have been made here, but a few of them may be mentioned. P. Lawrence-
anum X Rothschildianum is represented by several good plants, quite
intermediate in the foliage, and nearly of flowering size. Of P. Law-
renceanum X Sanderianum there are a few good plants. P. x Lawrebel
and X Richmanii are represented by promising seedlings. P. bellatulum
x Volonteanum is a good plant, and very promising. Other good crosses
are P. Chamberlainianum x Lathamianum, P. callosum Xx micranthum,
P. X cenanthum x Youngianum—which should be interesting because
containing five species in its ancestry—P. Charlesworthii xX cenanthum
superbum, and the reverse cross, P. ciliolare X Rothschildianum, P. X
cenanthum superbum x Crossianum, &c. We were interested to examine
the curious seedlings obtained from P. barbatum X niveum which have
several times been mentioned. One of them certainly shows the influence
of P. niveum, but is a very “‘miffy” grower, but the rest look like P.
barbatum almost unmodified, and one of them was in flower. Lastly may
be mentioned the interesting seedlings from P. Appletonianum X callosum,
which it is believed will prove the parentage of P. x siamense.

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 277

The collection is ably managed by Mr. Poyntz, Mr. Young’s gardener,
and is rapidly increasing in interest as the seedlings progress towards the
flowering stage. We hope to have many future notes to record.

Another interesting collection is that of F. H. Moore, Esq., of the Royal
Infirmary, Liverpool, which illustrates well what an amount of enjoyment
can be obtained out of two small houses if well looked after. These houses
may be classified as a Cool and a Dendrobium house, and with the exception
of such routine details as ventilation and watering, Mr. Moore chiefly attends
to the plants himself.

The Cool house contains quite a varied collection, and among those in
flower were Odontoglossum cordatum, Ceryantesii, citrosmum, in bud,
Rossii, and maculatum, Oncidium concolor, Cattleya citrina, Cymbidium
Lowianum, Masdevallia Harryana and X Chelsoni, and Lycaste cruenta.
The rare little Odontoglossum Galeottianum was also showing for flower.
Among plants which succeed well here we noticed Dendrobium infundibulum,
a good old plant of D. crassinode, and D. Wardianum—the latter said to
have been grown cool for five years, and succeeds well—Lelia prestans,
and Oncidium spilopterum. Mr. Moore indulges in hybridising, and we
noticed good capsules of Odontoglossum bictoniense X grande, O. Cer-
vantesii X crispum, Oncidium tigrinum X ornithorhynchum, and, what
certainly deserves to be classed among “curious crosses,” Maxillaria
tenuifolia x Odontoglossum cordatum, nearly ripe. Cattleya citrina has
also been crossed with Sophrocattleya grandiflora, and has evidently taken.
With the hope of obtaining seedlings of Odontoglossum x Humeanum we
then and there crossed and re-crossed O. Rossii and maculatum, but the
results of all these crosses must be left for the present. We noticed here a
small plant of the pretty little Sophrocattleya x Chamberlainii, obtained
from Messrs. Cowan.

Passing into the Dendrobium house we observed in flower, a very good
form of D. crepidatum, D. crassinode, some good forms of D. nobile, D.
densiflorum, D. Boxallii, Odontoglossum citrosmum, Chysis bractescens,
Paphiopedilum barbatum, and a good plant of Phragmipedilum Xx Sedeni
candidulum, with three spikes. The Dendrobiums were mostly over, but .
the seed-pods showed that Mr. Moore had been busy, for we observed D.
nobile crossed with Devonianum, densiflorum, and infundibulum, also with
the abormal D. n. Cooksonianum, D. Findlayanum X ochreatum, D.
luteolum x infundibulum, D. ochreatum X Wardianum, and D. X
Ainsworthii intertextum x ochreatum. Of older capsules we noted D.
aureum X primulinum from which good seed was escaping, also D.
Findlayanum X nobile beginning to split ; also some nice seedlings of a
similar cross. Mr. Moore finds his crosses most successful in this genus

278 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

when very old pollen is used. He also finds old bracken rvots an excellent
substitute for crocks in the baskets used.

Mr. Moore has also some good capsules of the Cattleya group, as C.
Harrisoniana X Warscewiczii, and C. amethystoglossa x Sophronitis
grandiflora. C. velutina x Warscewiczii had been sown, also L. tenebrosa
crossed with the same species. This capsule contained an enormous
quantity of good seed, and some of it was germinating well.

Mr. Moore has been very successful in cultivating his plants, and has
made a promising commencement in hybridising. We hope he will be
equally successful in the later stages.

NEW ORCHIDS.

In the July-August number of the Kew Bulletin, just issued, a number of
interesting new Orchids are described by Mr. Rolfe, mostly from New
Guinea and Celebes. Those from the former island were collected by
Mr. A. Giulianetti, and comprise four novelties from an altitude of 12,200
feet on Mount Scratchley, namely, Dendrobium rigidifolium, a member of
the D. veratrifolium group; D. brevicaule, a remarkable alpine species of
the Pedilonum group, only a few inches high, and bearing proportionately
very large flowers; Giulianettia tenuis, a remarkable new genus, allied to
Ceratostylis (also figured at t. 2616 of the Icones Plantarum) ; and Ptero-
stylis papuana, a member of a genus hitherto only known from Australia,
New Zealand and New Caledonia. Two others are Calanthe Englishii,
from 4,000 feet elevation on the same mountain, and Glomera papuana, an
interesting addition to a genus which previously contained one species from
Java and another from F ji. Decades 23 and 24 of “‘ New Orchids” are,
with the exception of two species of Vanilla, devoted to novelties collected
in North-East Celebes by Dr. S. H. Koorders, of the Forest Administra-
tion of Java, and are as follows :—-Microstylis repens, M. cordifolia,
Dendrobium parvulum, Cirrhopetalum Koordersii, Eria tricuspidata, E.
celebica, Phreatia Koordersii, P. celebica, Calanthe celebica, Trichoglottis
oblongifolia, T. celebica, T. Koordersii, Wanda celebica, Cleisostoma
Koordersii, Teniophyllum celebicum, Appendicula longipedunculata,
Macodes celebica, and Peristylus bilobus. The two Vanillas are V. Hartii,
a native of Trinadad, sent by Mr. J. H. Hart)-F.L:S:. Superintendent of
the Royal Botanic Gardens there, and V. fimbriata, from the Barima River,
British Guiana, collected by G. S. Jenman, F.L.S., Government Botanist.
None of these plants are at present in cultivation.

OO

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 279

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

THE superb Cattleya Warscewiczii—often known under its later name
gigas—is now flowering profusely, and when seen at its best is unrivalled
in the genus for size and brilliance of its flowers. A series of five forms
is sent from the collection of W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., of Hessle, near
Hull, by Mr. Barker, showing a certain amount of variation in shape and
size, one of them almost corresponding to the dimensions of the variety
gigantea. Another has the blotches on the lip large and pale, and in a
third they extend right across the disc from one margin to the other,
contrasting very effectively with the rich amethyst purple front lobe. A
fourth has the lip much darker than usual and the eye-like blotches rather
small; the last being typical. Accompanying them are two flowers from
another plant which would almost pass for a form of the same but for the
very different shape of the petals, which are shorter, nearly erect, and
strongly reflexed from the central line as in C. Dowiana, not flat as in C.
Warscewiczii. They are also brighter in colour, and slightly marbled, and
there is a trace of golden veining in the throat, above the eye-like blotches,
and a richness of colour extending to the extreme base of the lip, all of
which show the influence of C. Dowiana. It is evidently a remarkable
form of C. x Hardyana, in which the influence of one parent preponderates
in shape and the other in colour.

Two other fine and richly coloured forms of C. Warscewiczii are sent
from the collection of G. F. Moore, Esq., Bourton-on- Water, Gloucester-
shire, by Mr. Morris. This species sometimes gets the character of being
rather shy flowering, but there appears to be little to complain about
this year, and it may be that the bright warm weather we have had of late
suits it, for Cattleyas which flower on the young growth without resting
are impatient of any check at this season.

A very beautiful flower of the chaste Cattleya Gaskelliana alba, is sent
from the collection of Thomas Baxter, Esq., Oakfield, Morecambe, by Mr.
Roberts, together with a very large and well-shaped Odontoglossum
crispum roseum, which measures over 34 inches from tip to tip of the
petals, the colour being rose-pink, with a few small brown spots on the
lip. Odontoglossums are well-grown here, as is apparent from a series of
fine blooms of O. crispum, including some prettily spotted forms, and a
good O. Pescatorei with a considerable amount of purple pencilling on the
lip.

A splendid flower of Cattleya Dowiana is sent from
the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury,
Mr. Smith. The lip is intensely dark, and the petals
reddish markings, as in the original figure (Bot. Mag.,t. 5618).

the collection of
Birmingham, by
bear numerous

280 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A beautiful seven-flowered raceme of the true Cattleya Harrisoniana, is
sent from the collection of J. W. Arkle, Esq., West Derby, Liverpool.
' The yellow corrugated crest and shape of the lip are unfailing marks of
identification of this species. The sepals and petals are bright rose-purple.

The variable Lzlio-cattleya x elegans is now very effective, and a
fine form is sent, together with the preceding, which has the front lobe
of the lip very broad, and, together with the tips of the side lobes, of an
intense crimson purple, while the sepals and petals are uniformly light
rose-purple, with a few minute spots, and the side lobes of the lip rather
paler. A fine form from the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton
Park, Liverpool, has the side lobes of the lip white, except for a trace
of pink at the margin, the front lobe rounder and lighter in colour than the
preceding, and the sepals and petals rather darker and unspotted.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, send a spike of the brilliant
Epilelia x Charlesworthii, from a plant raised at Langley, by Mr. Seden,
a fine flower of Cattleya x Atalanta (Leopoldi @ x Warscewiczii 3),
and flowers of the bright purple Dendrobium glomeratum, one of the
prettiest of the Pedilonum group.

CATASETUM LABIATUM.

THIS species is a native of the Organ Mountains, Brazil, and a plant in
the Royal Gardens, Kew, has now produced flowers of both s°xes, and a
plate is given in the last number of the Icones Plantarum (t. 2617), together
with the following note :—

“The male of this species was described by Barbosa Rodrigues in 1881
(Gen. and Sp. Orch. nov., ii. p. 218), since which time nothing further
seems to have been known about it until last autumn. In September, a
Catasetum which had been purchased at a sale produced a scape of female
flowers, which, as often happens with this genus, could not be determined.
A second scape soon followed from the opposite side of the same bulb, and
when the flowers opened, in December, they proved to be males belonging
to the above-named species. It is an ally of C. luridum, Lindl., and C.
Hookeri, Lindl., but differs in the details of the lip. The flowers are
green, except that in the males the lip is dull yellow internally. A dried
male flower and sketch of a plant which flowered in the collection in April,
1861, are preserved in the Herbarium, and clearly belong to this species,
for they agree in structure and colour, but there is no note as to the origin
of the plant. The present species is the twenty-third of which the female
flowers have been recorded, but there is a greater number of which the sex
is still unknown.—R. ALLEN ROLFE.”

a a

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 281

AWARDS AT THE HYBRIDISATION CONFERENCE,

A “List of Awards made by the Council of the Royal Horticultural
Society, on the Report of a Committee of Experts” has been published,
which contains the names of the following exhibitors of Orchids :—

GoLp FLorA MEDAL.—To Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea
—presumably for Orchids and other groups of plants exhibited by them
(see report at p. 254 of our last issue).

GoLp MeEpALs.—To Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking
(p. 252), and M. Ch. Maron, Brunoy, France (p. 253).

SILVER BANKSIAN MEDALS.—To Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn,
East Sheen (p. 252), and De Barri Crawshaw, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks
(Pp. 253).

The Veitch Memorial Medals offered, (1) for the best new Orchid
intentionally raised by cross-breeding or hybridisation in Great Britain, and
never previously exhibited, and (2) to one raised abroad under similar
conditions, appear not to have been awarded.

SIE ONES th en.a.SerRONC

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR SEPTEMBER.

By H. A. BuRBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.
Many Orchids have now completed their season’s growth, and the majority
of the others are fast approaching that state; therefore it is now un-
necessary to maintain quite such high temperatures as formerly advised
for the summer months. -According to the shortening of the days, and
the decline of the sun’s power, so may the inside temperature be reduced.
The correct figures for the present month will consequently be about five
degrees less in all departments.

Shade less and less as the power of the sun declines, so that the
plants may be exposed to more light and sunshine, for light as well as
air is indispensable in order to well ripen up the new pseudobulbs and
leaves. Do not, however, withhold their liberal supplies of water too
suddenly, or the ripening process will be unduly hastened, resulting in
the shrivelling of the pseudobulbs, which is undesirable, for such plants are
not so well prepared to pass through the season of rest successfully as are
others which remain plump throughout, nor do they give such satisfactory
results when their blooming season comes round.

The Cool Orchid house must of course still be kept as cool as possible,
both night and day, with an abundance of ventilation. The cool moist
nights will now work wonders in this department, and the growths will
almost be seen to move. Damp down morning and evening, but do not
let the compost in which they are growing be over watered—that is to

282 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

say become soddened—or the roots will object, and the healthy tone of the
foliage will eventually disappear. Be careful not to cease the use of
shading too suddenly in this department, or it may mean an undue loss of
leaves. At the same time it is bad practice to keep them too heavily .
shaded, but rather let them have the benefit of as much light and sunshine
as they may reasonably be expected to stand successfully, until all danger
of too much is passed. No fire heat should be necessary this month.

CaTTLEYA House.—The inmates of this department have done grandly
this year, and well they ought, for the summer has been decidedly in
their favour. Those among them that have finished up, and they are many,
should be collected by themselves, so that their immediate requirements
may be the more easily and successfully attended to; whilst others
being in full growth, which will occupy still some little time to complete,
should likewise be selected and placed together at one point, so that they
may be given more moisture, and induced to grow freely and well. All
species having completed growth, or nearly so, will be greatly strengthened
by having an abundance of air, and should now be almost capable of
withstanding the full rays of the sun, but for another few weeks will require
a reasonable amount of water at the roots. While the weather remains
warm no fire should be needed this month, but if it suddenly turns
cold a little warmth in the pipes will be advantageous, especially during
the day if dull weather prevails, allowing the fire to slacken towards night
and go out, for fire by night should scarcely be required this month unless
unduly cold.

Dendrobiums will now mostly be away out of their growing positions,
and scattered throughout the various houses according to their hardiness —
and capability of standing low temperatures. Many will find a home for
a month or six weeks in a vinery or peach house, and no better place for
them could well be found, for such is the treatment that keeps them in health.
Among these are D. Wardianum, crassinode, nobile, aureum, Devonianum,
thrysiflorum, densiflorum, and many others of the spring blooming kinds.

The Cattleya or Mexican houses will suit others that are slightly more
delicate in constitution, as for instance, D. aggregatum, albo-sanguineum,
Bensone, crystallinum, formosum, &c. There are also some few which like
to remain and winter in the warmest house, as D. Phalenopsis, Dearei,
bigibbum, superbiens, and macrophyllum. It is rather important with
Dendrobiums that the winter quarters should be carefully selected, for on
this depends largely their future welfare, but I have gone into the
matter of names pretty fully in former Calendars, and therefore need not
recapitulate here, as it is easy to refer back to previous numbers of the
Review. I may, however, say that Dendrobes are extremely impatient of
wrong treatment, and no pains should be spared to ascertain the winter

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 283

requirements of each individual species, which will also serve as a guide
to the treatment of their hybrids.

It has likewise been a grand season for all inmates of the Mexican
house. Mexican Leelias and allies are in many gardens grown exceedingly
well in the ordinary Cattleya and Intermediate departments, so that it is
not absolutely necessary to have a sunny house set apart for them. But,
as I have before explained, it is not at all a bad plan if such a house can
be set apart for them, for not only do they get a better chance to do really
well, but such a house is exceptionally convenient at this season for
ripening off the various species which require thorough good ripening,
besides providing a suitable place where one can experiment with difficult
growing species, and there are usually a few such in every genus.

East InpIAN Hovuse.—The temperature here should also be lowered by
a few degrees, and damping down twice daily should now be sufficient.
Use no more warmth from the hot-water pipes than is necessary to
maintain the requisite degree of heat, for to have more than is really
necessary is most injurious to the plants, and quickly reduces their health
and vigour. Saccolabiums, Angraecums, Phalznopses, Aérides, and Vandas
will now have partially finished their season’s growth, which of course re-
quires to be matured to a certain extent, and therefore the supply of water at
the roots must be slightly reduced, so that they may prepare for the coming
winter. They should also be less heavily shaded, but it must be reduced
very cautiously, for it must be remembered that Orchids of this class,
having no pseudobulbs, have to rely on their handsome leaves, not only for
their appearance, but their strength also, and therefore the leaves should be
preserved intact as long as possible. A sudden and protracted exposure to
strong sunshine, or an excessive drought, before these new leaves are some-
what matured, may therefore do an immense amount of damage.

RE-POTTING.—-There may still be a few plants distributed about a
collection that may be in a suitable condition for re-potting, and these
should be attended to. It is, of course, too late to re-pot on a large scale,
and any that are now done should be handled with the greatest care, and
be given afterwards suitable treatment to encourage the roots to grow
freely. Those which may yet be done include Cattleya Eldorado, C.
superba, and a few other late kinds that, for various reasons, have not been
ready for re-potting before. Some of these are just pushing out new roots
from the base, and may be taken in hand, using special care not to break
the roots, and afterwards giving special treatment by keeping their
surroundings better supplied with moisture than is necessary for most
others at this date, so that their recovery may be accelerated. The two
beautiful species just mentioned are particularly partial to warmth and
moisture when growing, and do not at any time relish a too rigorous

284 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

resting or drying-off. A few of the late blooming Odontoglossum
crispum, &c., in the Cool house may also be found in the right stage for
re-potting.

Lelia Jongheana has been imported of late in large numbers, and is
now in most collections, and will doubtless prove to be a most valuable
addition. Very few growers have yet seen this species in flower, and its
great beauty will therefore be awaited with pleasure and interest. It is
said to be a cool growing kind, which judging from experience really means
that it belongs to the Intermediate department, where I should recommend
it to be cultivated. Most of the clumps as imported seem to be adaptable
for block or raft culture, on which they could be fixed with little or no
trouble, and will doubtless do well so treated, as they would also in shallow
pans, or baskets made firm with a little peat and sphagnum moss. I
would advise them being set up without delay, and pretty well supplied with
moisture, so as to induce the roots to make some progress before the
winter is too far advanced. This also applies to other Lzlias and Cattleyas
imported at this season, and there are a good many, including such well-
known old species as C. Dowiana, C. amethystoglossa, C. Harrisoniana,
C. Aclandiz, and even C. labiata, all of which should receive liberal and
encouraging treatment.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID
SOCIETY.

A MEETING of this Society was held at the Coal Exchange on the 17th of
August, but unfortunately a quorum of the Committee was not present,
and consequently awards could not be made. Those members of the
Committee who attended, were, however, so much impressed by a plant of
Odontoglossum chiriquense sent by W. Groves, Esq., of Windermere, that
they took the responsibility of giving it a Gold Medal and Cultural
Certificate, subject to confirmation at the next meeting of the Society.
The following is a list of the exhibits :-—

S. Gratrix, Esq., Whally Range (gr. Mr. McLeod) showed Cypripedium
x Alport (Lawrenceanum Hyeanum x Elliottianum), a very fine hybrid
with specially large dorsal sepal; C. x Mars (Rothschildianum Xx Harris-
ianum), C. X McNabianum, C. x Gowerianum, and what has since been
determined as Cattleya x Whitei, a beautiful form with an exceptionally
dark labellum.

W. G. Groves, Esq., Windermere (gr. Mr. Robertshaw), showed 4
magnificent specimen of Odontoglossum chiriquense, the picture of robust
health and good cultivation, growing on a large teak raft, and with 2
splendid flower-spike containing thirty-six fine flowers. A Gold Medal and

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 285

Cultural Certificate were recommended, subject to confirmation at the next
meeting. (This is the plant of which a figure is given at page 49 of our
February number, showing its condition last year.) The same exhibitor
also showed a nice plant of Lycaste trifoliata.

Mr. P. Weathers, Old Trafford, showed Cattleya Loddigesii albens.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, showed Cypripedium X rubens, a very
interesting cross between C. Charlesworthii and C. X Harrisianum, which
should develope into a good thing when it grows stronger.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
THERE was a good display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James’ St.,
Westminster, on August 15th, and several of the exhibits were of excellent
quality. The members of the Orchid Committee present were :—H. J.
Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. Ballantine, Chapman, Crawshay,
Douglas, Fowler, Haywood, Hill, Outram, Pollett, Protheroe, Smee,
Thorne, Young, and O’Brien (hon. sec.).

Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), staged
a very choice group, including Lzlio-cattleya X Wiganiana, a very large
and beautiful hybrid, supposed to have descended from Lelia purpurata
and Lzlio-cattleya X Dominiana, and having rosy-lilac sepals and petals,
and a deep claret-purple lip (First-class Certificate); L.-c. x Aurora,
Cattleya x Whitei, Wigan’s variety, a beautiful natural hybrid derived
from C. Warneri and C. Schilleriana (Award of Merit) ; C. x Atalanta
(Leopoldi x Warscewiczii), a finely-grown plant (Cultural Commendation),
and C. X Aclandiz nigrescens, a form with the sepals and petals almost
uniformly dark-brown.

The Right Hon. Lord Rothschild, Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hill), sent two
fine old Orchids which are very rarely seen at exhibitions, namely,
Stauropsis lissochiloides and Schomburgkia Lyonsil, each of which received
an Award of Merit.

Mrs. Mason, The Firs, Warwick (gr. Mr. Lambert), sent cut spikes of
the handsome Leelio-cattleya x Berthe Fournier (Award of Merit),
Dendrobium Maccarthiz, Cattleya xX Fowleri, C. Warscewiczii, Cypri-
pedium Curtisii, and C. x Frau Ida Brandt.

The Right Hon. Marquis of Salisbury, Hatfield (gr. Mr. Norman), sent
a splendid plant of Aérides Lawrence® Sanderianum, with thirty-five
leaves, and four spikes of about three feet in length, to which a Cultural
Commendation was given. :

The Rev. F. Paynter, Stoke Hill, Guildford (gr. Mr. Cooke), sent a
pretty hybrid derived from Cattleya Warneri and probably C. velutina, the
flowers being buff tinted with rose, and the rounded front lobe of the lip

286 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

pale rose, with some purple veining, and an orange blotch in the centre,
Cut spikes of Cattleya Gaskelliana virginalis, C. Harrisoniana, and Latlio.
cattleya X Henry Greenwood were also sent.

C. E. Chrimes, Esq., Selwood, Rotherham (gr. Mr. Watts) sent a fine
form of Cattleya x Hardyana, with marbled sepals and petals, anda very
dark lip.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), sent
Odontoglossum crispum Triane, O.c. Miss F. Bovill, anda fine form of
O. Uroskinneri.

M. Jules Hye-Leysen, Coupure, Ghent, sent a splendid spike of
Cypripedium x Massaianum.

Captain T. A. Julian, Woodside, Plymouth, showed a good Cattleya
Harrisoniana violacea and a fine light form of C. Eldorado. ,

W. Macdonald, Esq., Pitlochry, Aberdeen, sent a Cypripedium said to
have been derived from C. Elliottianum and C. Godefroyz, though the
influence of the latter was not apparent.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, staged a fine group,
to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained a splendid Cattleya
Gaskelliana pallida witn ten flowers, the handsome C. Warscewiczii, some
good forms of C. Eldorado and C. superba, half-a-dozen fine Vanda
coerulea, the pretty natural hybrid V. x Charlesworthii, Lzelio-cattleya x
elegans Turneri, Lelia x Novelty, Oncidium Marshallianum, Dendrobium
xX Leeanum, Odontoglossum Pescatorei, O crispum, Cypripedium X
macropterum, and other fine things.

At the meeting held on Au
but included a few interesti
secured an Award.

gust 25th Orchids were not very numerous,
ng novelties,, only one of which however
The members of the Orchid Committee present
were :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the Chair, and Messrs. O’Brien (hon. sec:);
pond, Chapman, Cobb, Colman, Crawshay, Douglas, Fowler, Haywood,
Hill, Little, Outram, Pollett, and Smee.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
sent a fine form: of Cattleya x Hardyana, a splendid C. Warscewiczii, and
C. X mollis (superba x Gaskelliana), a pretty hybrid most like the former
in shape, with the sepals and petals pale lilac, and the crisped and rounded
front lobe of the lip deep rose. .

H. S. Leon, Esq., Bletchley Park, Bucks (gr. Mr. Hislop), showed
Leelio-cattleya bletchleyensis (L. tenebrosa x C. Warscewiczii), a fine

pe and the latter in colour. The sepals

J. Sey: Esq., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. King), showed the rare
a odor :

Houlleti atissima, and a very fine form of Cattleya x Hardyana.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 287

W. Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), showed a
plant called Zygopetalum Protheroeanum (possibly a form of Z.
brachypetalum) with dark chocolate-coloured sepals and petals, and a violet
lip with some reddish markings at the base; also cut spikes of a light form
of Epidendrum prismatocarpum.

Capt. Law-Schofield, New Hall Hey, Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill), sent a
fine form of Cypripedium X Juno, and another fine hybrid called C. x
Veitchii-Morganiz, presumably a re-cross between C. X Morganiz and
superbiens, one of the original parents.

Mrs. Mason, The Firs, Warwick (gr. Mr. Lambert), showed Cattleya
superba splendens, and a good form of C. Harrisoniana.

H. S. Simonds, Esq., Woodthorpe, Beckenham (gr. Mr. Day), showed
two good forms of Cattleya x Hardyana.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a small but very choice
group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained half-a-
dozen finely flowered plants of Lzlio-cattleya callistoglossa var. ignescens,
some good L.-c. & Nysa, and L.-c. X Phryne (C. Warscewiczii 2? X L.
xanthina g'), a pretty hybrid most like the latter, the sepals being pale
yellow, the petals yellowish-white, and the lip bright rose-colour in front
and yellow at the base. Three other interesting hybrids were also shown.
Phaio-calanthe x insperata (Phaius grandifolius @ x Calanthe Masuca ¢ )
has flowers most like the Calanthe parent, but larger, the sepals white
tinged with lilac, the petals rather darker, and the lip light-rose, tinged
with orange, becoming darker on the disc. Cypripedium X Janet
(prestans 2 xX Spiceranum ¢), most resembles the former, though
much modified in detail and shows much less of the Spiceranum influence
than usual. Lastly, C. x Captain Holford (superbiens 2 X hirsut-
issimum ¢) is a striking thing to which an Award of Merit was given.
The dorsal sepal is white, tinged with green, and with a trace of the dark
shading of the pollen parent, the petals tinged with green on the basal half
and rose above, densely spotted with dark purple, and the lip dull rose-
purple.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Cottingley, Bingley, Yorks., showed two plants of
Cypripedium x bingleyense (Charlesworthii x Harrisianum), a very
promising hybrid, most like the former, but enlarged in size, the upper
sepal green at the base, surrounded by a zone of purple tint, above which
the rose-purple veins extended into the white margin, petals brownish-rose,
lip greenish tinged with red, and the staminode blush-white.

Mr. E. Kromer, Roraima Nursery, West Croydon, showed a fine
Specimen of Miltonia Regnellii bearing six spikes of flowers.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, showed Lelia pulcherrima
(Boothiana x purpurata) with a fine four-flowered inflorescence, the

288 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

blooms being intermediate in shape, the sepals and petals tinged with
lavender, and the lip prettily veined with rose.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CATTLEYA HARRISONIE ALBA.—Journ. of Hort., Aug. 3, p. 97; fig. 22;
Gard. Mag., Aug. 19, p. 513, with fig.

CATTLEYA SCHILLERIANA VAR. SUPERBA.—Lindenia, t. 673.

CATTLEYA TRIANZ VAR. LUCIDA.—Lindenia, t. 671.

CATTLEYA X WHITEI, Rchb. f.—Gard. Mag., Aug. 26, pp. 532, 533,
with fig.

COMPARETTIA MACROPLECTRON, KRchb. f. et Triana.—L indenia, t. 674.

CYPRIPEDIUM X ANTIGONE.—Journ. of Hort., Aug. 10, p. 117, fig. 26.

CYPRIPEDIUM VILLOsuM (and eleven varieties). —Lindenia, t. 669-670.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X DoMINIANA LANGLEYENSIS.—Garden, Aug. 19,
pp- 142, 143, with fig. t. 1236.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X DUVALIANA.—Gard. Mag., July 29, p. 467, with fig.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X GOTTOIANA, Rolfe.—Lindenia, t. 658.

L@LIO-CATTLEYA X RADIATA.—Gard. Mag., Aug. I2, pp. 500, 501,
with fig.

MASDEVALLIA MUSCOSA, Rchb.f.—Bot. Mag., t. 7664.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM FRANZ MASEREEL. — Garden, Aug. 19,
p- 146, with fig.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM VAR. FUNAMBULUM.—Lindenia, t. 672.

SOPHROCATTLEYA X QUEEN EmpREss.—Gard. Chron., Aug. 5; PP»
TI2, 113, fig. 43; Gard. Mag., Aug. 5, p. 484, with fig.

VANDA KIMBALLIANA.—Journ. of Hort., Aug: 17, p. 140, fig. 30.

ZYGOBATEMANIA X: MasTERSU.—L indenia, t; 657.

CORRE SPONDENCE, &c.

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in some
cases, for various reasons, they have to stand over he a future issue. In the case of hybrid seedlings
sent for name, the ‘ap tern and history should always be briefly stated, for without these details we
are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily.)

A.W.H.—The flower was unfortunately decayed, and partially skeletonised and mouldy.
The better plan press between a few sheets of blotting oF
starting. so as to prevent moulding,

would preserve the colour well. The photograph is excellent, and certainly Cattleya X

Hardyana. The other matter is not lost sight of..
E.0.0., MAss.—We believe that this hybrid has a name, and will attend to the matter
next month.

S.G., and others.—Several matters are unavoidably postponed.

PATENT FAST-DYED
KHAKI COTTON NETTING.

For Shading Orchid and Other Greenhouses.
ABSOLUTELY FAST. WELL SHRUNK.
THE GLASS WILL NOT REQUIRE STAINING.

Price Lists and Patterns Free on application to—
E. SPINNER & GO., Kens
MANCHESTER & BOMBAY.
CONTRACTORS TO H.M. WAR OFFICE & INDIA OFFICE.

H. A. BURBERRY, VALUABLE WORKS ON ORCHIDS.

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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Vor. VII.} OCTOBER, 1899. (No. 82.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James’ Street, Westminster, during October, on the roth and 24th
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour—
12 o’clock noon.

The October meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society are announced to be held on Friday, the 13th, and Thursday, the
26th, at the Coal Exchange, Manchester. The Orchid Committee meets
at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection from 1 o’clock until 3.

A superb flower of Vanda Sanderiana is sent from the collection of
G. F. Moore, Esq., Bourton-on-Water, Gloucestershire, by Mr. Morris. It
measures five inches across its broadest diameter, and is very beautifully
coloured. It is one of a spike of ten flowers, and is a splendid example of
good culture.

A fine group of Cypripediums from the collection R. H. Measures, Esq.
The Woodlands, Streatham, appears in the Gardening World for August
26th (p. 823), and includes C. x Annie Measures, X Hector, x H.
Hannington, x Lucienianum, xX Mrs. Herbert Measures, X Watsonianum,
and x William Lloyd.

The issue for September 16th contains a view in the Dendrobium house
in the same collection (p. 41), apparently taken when Dendrobium
Wardianum was in bloom.

A very curious flower of Lzlio-cattleya x elegans with three lips has
been sent from the collection of Captain Law-Schofield, of Rawtenstall,
Manchester, by Mr. Shill. It is quite analagous with the form of Cattleya
Mendelii figured at page 241 of our August number, though the flower

290 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

does not open as well. The peculiarity seems to be quite fixed, for
Mr. Shill states that the plant is a strong grower, and that this is the third
time which the flowers have come malformed in this way.

<A flower of Cattleya Gaskelliana is sent by Mr. C. C. Hurst, of
Hinckley, showing a small fly with black and yellow body firmly caught in
the stigma. We have more than once seen hive bees in the same
predicament, and it seems probable that the bee which fertilises Cattleyas
in a wild state is a stronger insect, more like a humble bee. It would be |
interesting to know more of the insects which naturally fertilise the showy
Orchids which are so popular in our gardens.

Cattleya x Hardyana, we believe, generally appears among plants
collected as C. Dowiana aurea, but a fine form sent from the collection of
J. Wilson Potter, Esq., of Croydon, by Mr. Young, was obtained as C.
Warscewiczii, which it certainly most resembles. The petals, however,
approach C. Dowiana aurea in shape, and are obscurely mottled, while the
lip shows some distinct golden veining on the disc. In other respects,
especially in the distinct yellow eyes, it approaches the other parent, except
that the colour is richer and darker. It will be interesting to note the
range of variation among artificially raised plants of this fine hybrid as
they become more common.

A photograph ofa fine example of Schomburgkia tibicinis is sent fiom
the collection of Dr. A. W. Hoisholt, Stockton, California. The in-
florescence is described as g2 inches long and bore thirteen developed
flowers, while one other dropped off unopened. Dr. Hoisholt thinks this
worthy of mention, as a plant exhibited at the Temple Show in 1894, to
which a Botanical Certificate was given, had only seven flowers (Orchid
Review, ii., p. 191), and another mentioned at p. 207 of the same volume
had a spike only 39 inches long. It is certainly a fine example, but under
cultivation this Orchid seldom attains the luxuriance seen in wild speci-
mens, probably because of its large size.

Another photograph represents a fine example of Oncidium luridum,
which produced a spike 86 inches long, bearing 67 fully developed flowers,
while a number of others dropped off in the bud state, owing it is said to
puncture by ants. This also is a magnificent Orchid when seen in its full

native Veet but is apt to be rather unmanageable in small houses oF
collections of limited extent.

The Ranoral rons Coryanthes macrantha flowered some few months age
in the Kew collection, and it is interesting to note that another plant is now
producing a fine scape with two large buds, which will probably have

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 291

expanded before these remarks appear. A very graphic account of this
species, as found in its native wilds, from the pen of Mr. James Rodway, is
given in the third volume of this work, together with a photographic
illustration (page 41). The allied C. maculata has also flowered in the
collection two or three times during the past summer, the flowers being
smaller and more numerous.

A very fine form of Cattleya xX Hardyana has appeared in the collection
of Col. Shipway, Grove Park, Chiswick. The lip is four inches long, and
about typical in colour, and the petals, which are a little mottled, are
equally well developed, being 33in. long, and broad in proportion.

VARIORUM.—For a long time well-meaning, old-fashioned botanists on
the Continent believed that our deeply-lamented Doctor invented the Orchids
that he described, and they suggested to their English friends that they
should have a look at his fingers! Lindley was greatly amused at this
story, and repeated it to me one day as one of his most funny remem-
brances.—Reichenbach in Gard. Chron., 1866, p. 197.

THE HYBRIDIST.

CyPRIPEDIUM X BINGLEYENSE.
UNDER the above name we have received from Mr. A. J. Keeling, of
Bingley, Yorks., a very pretty hybrid derived from C. Charlesworthii and
C. xX Harrisianum, the latter presumably the pollen parent. It was
exhibited under this name at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural
Society on August 25th last, but on August 17th it appeared at a meeting
of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society as C. X rubrum.
The latter name has been used twice previously for other hybrids, which
possibly may have led to the change in the present instance, and, if so, we
may remark that in each case the name has had to give place to an earlier
one, and was therefore free for the presentone. It isa promising acquisition,
but not yet fully developed. The dorsal sepal is orbicular, reddish purple,
with a white margin into which some rosy veins extend ; the petals reddish
purple, somewhat tinged with green at the base, and the lip suffused
with purple in front. The staminode is obtriangular, ivory white flushed
with pink, and with a yellow boss in the centre.
L&LIO-CATTLEYA X NIGRESCENS.
At the Hybridisation Conference a pretty little hybrid between Lelia
pumila ¢ and L. tenebrosa g was exhibited by M. Ch. Maron, under the
above name. The same cross was made by Mr. E. A. Orpet, South
Lancaster, Mass, U.S.A., in May, 1895, and in August of the present year
produced its first flower, when but little over three years old, for the seed

2y2 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

was not sown until June, 1896. Mr. Orpet states that the sepals and petals
are pale blush pink, somewhat veined, and less expanded than in L. pumila,
which latter parent the lip most resembles in form and colour. It is the
first of a batch of over twelve hundred seedlings of various kinds to bloom,
but others are approaching the flowering stage. é

CATTLEYA LUEDDEMANNIANA WITH FOUR LIPS

A veRY remarkable flower of Cattleya Lueddemanniana has appeared in
the collection of J. Wilson Potter, Esq., of Croydon. It consists of two
sepals, four lips, and a straight, imperfect column in the centre, which
apparently consists of three united styles only, the anther being entirely
wanting. The two sepals present are the lateral ones, and the true lip
stands in the same relation to them as in a normal flower. The two
petals and the dorsal sepal are transformed into lips, though rather smaller
than the normal one. That this is what has actually taken place is quite
clear, for the middle one of the three additional lips arises from the
point of insertion of the dorsal sepal, and the two others from that of the
petals. These three additional lips are united for about three lines at the
base, which helps us to understand why all have behaved alike. The
anther has thus wandered away from its normal union with the column,
and has become entangled with the united petals and sepals, and develop-
ing with them, has changed all into lip-like tissue, in the same way that two
anthers are united with the median petal, and modified into staminodes to
form the normal lip. It is a very instructive and interesting flower, and in
departure from the normal, a sort of advance on the Cattleya Mendelii
figured at page 241.
R. A. R.

CATTLEYA x WHITEI.

ADDITIONAL plants of this handsome natural hybrid have appeared, a parti-
cularly fine form having flowered in the collection of Sir Frederick Wigan,
Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen, which received an Award of Merit from the
R.H.S., on August 15th last, under the name of Wigan’s variety. It came
out of an importation made by Messrs. John Cowan & Co., of Gateacr®
Another plant has flowered in the collection of S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley
ee Manchester. It was originally described in 1882, from a unique
plant imported by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., which was said to have bee
found by their collector, Mr. White, growing on a tree in company
with C. labiata and C. Schilleriana (Rchb. f in Gard. Chron., 1882, Xvill
P- 586). Mr. Boxall, however, told me that it was C. Warneri

Schilleriana with which it was found, and as both are now known to be

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 293

natives of Bahia, there is no longer room for doubt as to its origin and
parentage, for it combines the characters of the two species in the most
unmistakable way. The original plant passed into the collection of
Holbrook Gaskell, Esq., of Woolton Wood, Liverpool, and was well
figured in the Orchid Album (iii. t. 115), and in Gartenflora (1884, p. 197,
t. 1159). The plant is rather dwarf in habit, having stoutish pseudobulbs
and rather short, broad leaves. The pseudobulbs, as might be expected
from the parentage, are sometimes monophyllous, and sometimes
diphyllous. The flowers are most like C. Schilleriana in shape, and C.
Warneri in colour, though considerably modified in both respects. One
from Sir Frederick Wigan’s plant has the sepals 3} inches long, the petals
of the same length, and 13 inches broad, somewhat undulate, and of a
brilliant rose-purple shade. The strongly three-lobed lip is 3 inches long,
with the front lobe over 2 inches broad, undulate, and of a brilliant
amethyst colour, the side lobes suffused with light purple, and the yellow
disc being smaller than in the original form. It is an extremely handsome
Cattleya, and seems to be rare in a wild state, so that it would be interest-
ing to cross the two species together, with a view of increasing the stock, as
well as of confirming the parentage.

Since the above was in type I have found a record, previously over-
looked, showing that this hybrid has also been raised artificially. At a
meeting of the Société nationale d’Horticulture de France, held on June
24th, 1897, a hybrid was exhibited by M. G. Mantin, under the name of
Cattleya x Russelliana, which had been raised from C. Warneri crossed
with the pollen of C. Schilleriana, and which was awarded a Gold Medal ;
also a First-class Certificate on July 8th following. The seed was sown in
July 1892, and the first flower expanded in May 1897 (Chron. Orch., p. 53):
It is evidently a form of C. X Whitei, and I should much like the oppor-

tunity of comparing the two together.
7 P 8 S R. A. ROLFE.

ONCIDIUM x HAMATOCHILUM.

AT last we have some confirmatory evidence of the hybrid origin of this
beautiful Oncidium, of which a figure was given at page 273. Messrs.
Hugh Low and Co. have flowered three plants out of an importation of
O. Lanceanum, and also some plants of O. luridum. This is the only
direct evidence we have yet met with so far as cultivated Orchids are
concerned, for Mr. Potter’s interesting note was based on observations on
the plant in a wild state. Considering the various importations of O.
Lanceanum that have reached this country, it is remarkable that the
habitat of O. x hzmatochilum should have remained so long unknown.

2094 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Of course it is now evident that it may occur wherever the two parent
species grow intermixed, and on this point we have much to learn. It is,
however, practically certain that the original record of New Grenada is
erroneous. Williams’ Orchid Grower’s Manual (ed. 7, p. 612) states
Guatemala, but we have no evidence that O. Lanceanum grows there.
Messrs. Veitch remark :—‘‘Its habitat is virtually unknown to science,”
(Man. Orch., viii., p. 41), and in the light of subsequent events the
correctness of this remark can scarcely be called in question. If the
origin of any of the plants that have “appeared at intervals in various
Orchid collections in Great Britain,” since 1847, has really been known, no
one seems to have thought the fact worth recording, and it is a subject for
congratulation that the mystery has now so far been cleared up. It also
explains to some extent why so beautiful a plant should have remained so
scarce in collections, for natural hybrids are generally rare.

PLEUROTHALLIS VILLOSA AND P. CILIARIS.

THERE is a curious little section of the genus Pleurothallis, known as
Lepanthiformes, owing to their resemblance in habit to the genus
Lepanthes, and to this section the above species belong. A plant has long
been cultivated in gardens under the former name, whose identity has been
somewhat doubtful, and now materials have accumulated which, I think,
enable the matter to be cleared up. In 1838, Lindley described a plant
from the collection of Messrs. Loddiges, of Hackney, which was said to
have been received from Mexico, under the name of Specklinia ciliaris (Bol.
Reg., 1838, Misc., p. 31), which he afterwards (Fol. Orch., Pleur., p- 26),
considered synonymous with P. villosa (Kn. and Westc. Fl. Cab. il., p- 78),
a Mexican species which flowered in the collection of G. Barker, Esq-, of
Birmingham, also in 1838. The identity of P. villosa, unfortunately, can
only be ascertained from the description, which does not fit the original
specimen of Specklinia ciliaris, in Lindley’s Herbarium. Another curious
fact about this latter plant is that all the wild specimens known are from —
Guiana and Trinidad, in the former of which it appears to be common, for
which reason I believe the Mexican record to be erroneous. It is note
worthy that the five following species described by Lindley were all received
from Messrs. Loddiges as natives of Demerara, and it is highly probable
that the present one had the same origin. P. villosa was described a5
les chase rege and purple spotted flowers, and a plant answering bb
Gas ng 100. is Howerlng in the Kew collection, side by side with the

Plant, the latter having been sent home by Mr. E. im Thurn. The

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 295

former has ovate leaves, which are dull purple beneath, the ribs of the
sheaths al] hispidulous or shortly villose, and the greater part of the
flowers dull purple, appearing spotted when held up against the light. The
Guiana plant has lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate leaves, less purple beneath,
the sheaths more distant, less strongly ribbed and not hispidulous, but
prominently ciliate at the margin, and the flowers pallid, with the lip
purple, and a stain of the same colour on each lateral sepal. As the genus
Specklinia has been abolished, the latter species may be called Pleurothallis
ciliaris, a characteristic name in view of the strongly ciliate sheaths.
R. A. ROLFE.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X ELEGANS is one of the brilliant Orchids which
enlivens our collections during the comparatively dull Summer season,
and many beautiful forms are now in flower. Cattleya Loddigesii is also
very effective, and, together with C. Gaskelliana, C. Warscewiczii, and
C. Dowiana, makes a very good show. The beautiful C. x Hardyana
is also becoming more common, and various artifically-raised hybrids are
becoming more numerous every year, so that it is very doubtful whether
in a few years we shall have a dull Summer season at all, so far as the
Cattleya house is concerned. Other departments also have a few good
things in bloom. ;

Two superb Cypripediums sent from the collection of T. Statter, Esq.,
Stand Hall, Whitefield, by Mr. Johnson, are C. X Mabeliz var. Lord
Derby (Rothschildianum x superbiens), and C. xX Lady Isabel (Stonei X
Rothschildianum), and it is difficult to say which is the more beautiful.
The former has shorter, drooping, and more densely-spotted petals, and
the dorsal sepal more closely lined, giving the flower a darker appearance,
while the latter has spreading, attenuated petals, five inches long, whitish-
yellow in colour, less closely-spotted with dark brown nearly to the apex,
and in other respects combining the characters of its handsome parents.
A superb form of Lzlio-cattleya x callistoglossa is also enclosed, and a
five-flowered inflorescence of the original L.-c. x elegans var. blen-
heimensis, which is characterized by its rich purple colour without any
tinge of green in the segments. All are exceptionally large, and are
excellent examples of good culture.

Several handsome flowers are sent from the collection of T. Baxter,
Esq., Morecambe, by Mr. Roberts. A form of Cattleya Dowiana aurea 1s
large and handsome, with clear yellow sepals and petals, and a very
broad and richly-coloured lip, without any yellow at the sides. A form

296 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

of Lzlio-cattleya x Schilleriana almost reproduces Leelia purpurata in
the shape of the sepals and petals, but the lip is strongly trilobed, and
the front lobe rich purple, a little marbled with white near the apex, and
the side lobes suffused with rose-purple at the tips. Other flowers are: a
good Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana, Cypripedium Charlesworthii with the
front of the pouch missing, the handsome Odontoglossum Uroskinneri,
O. bictoniense, O. cariniferum, and three gcod forms of O. crispum. One
of these has all the segments remarkably broad and short, and the lip
only very handsomely spotted.

A superb form of Lelio-cattleya x Schilleriana is sent from the
collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., The Woodlands, Streatham. It is
precisely intermediate between Lelia purpurata and Cattleya intermedia,
inclining to the former in size, and to the latter in the shape of the sepals
and petals, which are white, faintly tinged with blush. The lip is trilobed,
with the front lobe nearly orbicular, beautifully undulate, and of an intense
crimson-purple shade, which extends round the margin of the side lobes .
as a very broad hand, and down the centre of the disc, contrasting very
effectively with the white tube. It is one of the best forms of this
beautiful natural hybrid.

PHYSURUS ORTGIESII.

TuIs pretty little Aneectochilus-like species seems to have been almost
or quite lost sight of during recent years, and it is interesting to record that
it has now been re-introduced by M. Florent Claes, of Brussels. It was
_ exhibited by Messrs. Carter & Co., at the Birmingham Show of the Royal
Horticultural Society in 1872, under the name of Anecectochilus Ortgiesii,
and received a First-class Certificate ; a similar award being subsequently
made to it by the Royal Botanical Society. Under this name it was
described and figured in the Florist & Pomologist (1872, p. 243, with fig.).
The following year Reichenbach obtained flowers from M. Louis Van Houtte,
which showed it to belong to Physurus, and described it under the above
name (Gard. Chron., 1873, p. 177). It is believed to have been discovered
and introduced by Roezl, from New Granada, where also M. Claes met
with it. The leaves are ovate-oblong, of a light olive-green, silvery along
the centre, with some oblong, dusky blotches on either side, which has led
to its being described as “ mackerel-spotted.” The flowers are white, and
borne in dense spikes. It grows naturally in very humid forests, at 5,500
to 5,900 feet elevation, so that it will probably succeed better in the

Odontoglossum house than among Ancectochili. i

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 297
ORCHIDS AT WEST DERBY, LIVERFOOL.

Last month we described two very interesting collections of Orchids at
Liverpool (page 275). Three others are situated in the West Derby
district, which we also had the pleasure of seeing.

The collection of R. le Doux, Esq., Marlfield, West Derby, is a
thoroughly representative one, and is presided over by Mr. Thomas Archer,
who, like its owner, is a most enthusiastic Orchidist, and, under such
conditions, one is certain to find many interesting. and well-cultivated
plants. The plants are mostly contained in four houses, and we may
mention the Warm house first, as, owing to the lateness of the Spring,
this department contained most in flower. Here we were specially pleased
to find the magnificent specimen of Aérides odoratum which we figured last
year (page 273) in thriving condition, and again showing for flower. The
spikes, forty in number, have since developed, as recorded at page 195.
Some curiosity was expressed as to how the plant would behave in future,
after the vicissitudes it had experienced, as previously described, but it is stil]
as vigorous as ever, and likely to go on improving. Two plants of
Dendrobium Bensonz were flowering freely, and it was interesting to learn
that they have been in the collection since 1892. Mr. Archer states that
they are literally deluged with water while growing, but in the autumn they
are hung close to a ventilator, still in the same house, and allowed a
comparatively dry rest until growth recommences. There were also some
very good D. Wardianum received about the same time, and one plant
which has been in the collection for twelve years is still as vigorous as ever,
which hardly bears out the popular idea that it is difficult to grow.
Deterioration evidently arises from improper treatment. Others in flower
included D. Parishii and D. nobile, the rare D. cariniferum with eleven
good flowering growths, with D. clavatum in bud. The beautiful Diacrium
bicornutum was finely in flower, together with a good Phalznopsis Luedde-
manniana, and a fine lot of Cypripedes, a group which is strongly
represented. Several fine examples of C. barbatum and Lawrenceanum
were very effective, also a good C. Mastersianum, a fine dark C. ciliolare,
and a number of hybrids, including C. x Louise with twin-flowered scape,
four good plants of C. xX Ledouxiz, including the original, and three of
C. X Daviesianum, which particularly merited notice. Lelia Cowani was
developing a good scape from the sheath.

The Cattleya house contains a good selection of the various species, for
the most part not yet in flower, with the exception of C. Skinneri, and
some good examples of C. citrina, though others, together with Lelias,
were in bud. Here were also good flowering examples of Odontoglossum
citrosmum, Miltonia Roezlii, and Cymbidium Lowianum, together with

298 THE ORCHID REVIEW

Dendrobium crassinode in good condition, atter having been in the
collection some ten or twelve years.

Coming to the Cool house we found good examples of Odontoglossum
crispum, gloriosum, maculatum, triumphans, and Hallii in flower, while
the richly-coloured Ada aurantiaca made a very effective contrast.

Another house, devoted chiefly to Odontoglossums, is a nice light
structure, having an iron-work open stage, with a solid stage underneath.
Here were many plants of O. crispum and Pescatorei in flower or bud, with
some others, also some good examples of Dendrobium Jamesianum, which
always remain in the house, and grow extremely well.

Lelia grandiflora (majalis) and L. anceps are grown at the top of a
peach house in full sunshine, and are found to succeed admirably. There
were about a dozen of the former, one of them showing a fine bud, and it
may be added that five plants flowered in the preceding year. The
situation seems to form a good substitute for a Mexican house.

The collection contains many examples of good culture, and many

features of interest generally, a few of which we have indicated in the above
hurried notes.

Another very interesting collection is that of J. W. Arkle, Esq., Holly
Mount, West Derby, which we had the pleasure of visiting. | Entering the
Cattleya house we were immediately confronted with Cattleya
Warscewiczii bearing three good flowers, which was rather a surprise S0
early in the season as May. Near by was Dendrobium Bensone flowering
in profusion, also D. clavatum and aureum, Lelia purpurata, Epidendrum
atropurpureum and E. auritum, Oncidium Lanceanum bearing a good spike,
Odontoglossum citrosmum, and a couple of graceful Brassias. Cattleyas
generally were looking well, and we were pleased to find the beautiful
C. Triane Atkleana, which was figured at page 81 of our fourth volume,
a thriving plant with six growths.

A small Cool house contained acapital form of Odontoglossum apterum
in flower, a good O. Reichenheimii, O. maculatum, and Oncidium Marshalli-
anum, enlivened with the brilliant Sophronitis grandiflora and Epidendrum
vitellinum, forming quite a gay little group. ‘

In the Warm house we found Ansellia confusa in flower, and Dendrobium
Dearei with two good spikes. Here was a fine plant of Angecum sesqul-
pedale, and the Dendrobiums, suspended from the roof, and other plants
were looking well.

In the Cool house we noticed a good Odontoglossum gloriosum, forms
of O. crispum and a few cthers, the majority here being not yet in flowet-
_ Mr. Arkle does not confine his attention solely to showy species, for
interspersed among the latter are various others which are less frequently

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 299

met with, and therefore the more interesting on that account. The plants
were clean and healthy, and in that thriving condition which shows that
their requirements are well understood and provided for by Mr. Arkle’s
gardener.

Quite close by is the large and well-arranged nursery of Mr. C. Young,
where, among numerous subjects which are grown with the skill of an
expert, we found a few good Orchids grown in quantity for cut flowers and
other purposes.

There is a fine Cattleya house containing, amongst others, a lot of C.
Mossiz, which were beginning to flower nicely, also a remarkable form of
C. Mendelii (described on page 242), which is as handsome as it is
remarkable in shape. Here, also, was a large healthy batch of Lelia
purpurata, of which some fifty or sixty were in flower, and showing the
usual amount of variation, one very fine light form having the lip very
prettily suffused with light purple. One splendid specimen was three feet
across and carried seven fine spikes, and another bore a very stout spike
with seven very large flowers.

In another house was an extensive batch of Cypripedium insigne, while
Ceelogyne cristata occupied one side of a large house. Odontoglossum
crispum was represented by a batch of twelve-hundred, while Dendrobium
nobile and Lzlia anceps are also grown in quantity, and in the greatest
vigour. Plants grown under such conditions generally do well, as their par-
ticular requirements can be attended to throughout the year, besides which,
Mr. Young has a great liking for these plants, and grows them just as well
as others of which he is an acknowledged expert. Our visit will long be

remembered with pleasure.

ONCIDIUM MACRANTHUM AND O. HASTIFERUM.

THE introduction of an Oncidium from Peru, which is closely allied to the
well-known O. macranthum, if not indeed a form of it, has revived the
question of the identity of O. hastiferum which was much discussed when
the former species was introduced to cultivation just over thirty years ago.
O. hastiferum was described by Reichenbach in 1854, from dried materials
collected at Loxa by Warscewicz (Bonplandia, 1854, p. 102), the chief
differences from O. macranthnm being the subsessile petals and some
characters of the lip and crest. Whether Linden intended the same
plant by his O. macranthum var. hastiferum (Gard. Chron., 1867,"p. 17) 4s
not clear, and Messrs. Backhouse, shortly afterwards, asked on what
authority it was so named? Also whether it was not the typical macran-

300 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

thum? (lc., p. 54). At all events, O. macranthum var. hastiferum was
shortly afterwards figured in the Floral Magazine (1868, t. 386), and again
in the Gardeners’ Chronicle as O. macranthum (1869, p. 739, with fig.), with
the note that it was distributed under the name of O. macranthum
hastiferum, being then identified with O. hastiferum, Rchb. f., from which,
however, it seemed to differ.

In 1871 Reichenbach wrote respecting O. macranthum hastiferum :—
“The unfortunate name of hastiferum was given, if I remember right, to
the best variety. It gave rise to the suspicion that my ‘hastiferam’ was
the same plant, though that is quite as distinct from hastiferum as a
rhinoceros from a hippotamus, since it has an erect blade on its anterior
lip . There is scarcely any doubt that the hastiferum is what
was Lae intended for macranthum, which was gathered by Ruiz and
Pavon” (Gard. Chron., 1871, p. 1129). How far these remarks are correct
can only be certainly ascertained when Reichenbach’s Herbarium is
opened, some fifteen years hence. It is true that he sent to Lindley a
rude sketch of a single flower which agrees with nothing that I have seen,
not even with a flower from Warscewicz himself, which otherwise I should
have taken as true O. hastiferum, Rchb.f. It is also recorded that Mr.
Skinner ‘“‘ had, at some former time, received O. macranthum in quantity
from that enterprising collector, Warscewicz,” which he considered
different from the plants sold by M. Linden (Gard. Chron., 1866, p. 1245).
My own impression is that the rude sketch above alluded to is incorrect in
detail, and that the flower from Warscewicz represents O. hastiferum,
Rchb. f.,and the more so as this agrees with a plant which has just
flowered in the collection of the Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., at
Highbury, which is not quite the ordinary O. macranthum known in
gardens, though apparently a form of it—at all events the dried specimens
have hitherto been so considered.

Living flowers of O. macranthum are not now available for comparison,
or it would be easier to say whether the differences observed may not be
attributable to the variation of a single species, as I am inclined to think.

It seems almost incredible what an amount of confusion has been intro-
duced into the history of O. macranthum. To the present day the habitat
is given as ‘‘ New Grenada” in Williams’ Manual, and Messrs. Veitch
remark :—The first notice of it as a horticultural plant occurs in the horti-
cultural journals in 1868, in the spring of which year it flowered for the first
time in this country, in the collection of Lord Londesborough, at Norbiton,
and shortly afterwards at Farnham Castle, and in our Chelsea nursery. No
indication is given of the origin of these plants, which were doubtless all
imported at the same time” (Man. Orch. viii., p. 59.). The fact is, that
during the two previous years (1866-7), at feiss eight different communica-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 301

tions appeared in the Gardeners’ Chronicle respecting the plant, and in view
of the above remarks a few extracts will be interesting.

First, it was mentioned by “J. A.,” in an article on Mr. Bateman’s
Orchids, where the habit of Odontoglossum angustatum is compared with
that of O. macranthum, which is “ exciting so much attention now” (1866,
p- 1143), and this elicited a reply from “‘T. H.” Gravelly Hill, Birmingham,
on the same subject (l.c., p. 1194.) J. A. now wrote :—‘‘ We have several
plants at Meadow Bank which have been guaranteed as the true Oncidium
macranthum, and we have several others of unnamed species which look so
similar in pseudobulb and young growth, as at the present stage to be almost
undistinguishable. Of course it has never bloomed in this country, but if
the inflorescence be at all approaching to the grandeur of the sketches I
saw at Stevens’ Rooms, it will be one of the brightest gems of our Orchid
stoves. . . . Coming as this does from Ecuador, at an altitude of
11,000ft. above sea-level, it is likely to succeed in a moderately cool
temperature ” (l.c., p. 1221). The former correspondent (now ge Mae > Sg
then replied :—‘‘ Like many other Orchid growers, I take an occasional run
up to Stevens’ Orchid sales, and more than once was a purchaser of what
was represented to be Oncidium macranthum. On my last visit there, some
twenty lots were offered for sale. . - - Just in the nick of time, Mr.
Skinner came in, and seeing the first lot sold . - - he asked if they
were warranted, and openly asserted that they were Odontoglossum
coronarium. In proof of the truth of his assertion he said that he had at
some former time received O. macranthum in quantity from that enter.
prising collector, Warscewicz. . - - It was distinctly stated in the
catalogue that O. macranthum was a most difficult Orchid to introduce, not
more than 25 plants having arrived alive . . - ” (J.¢., P. 1245)-

M. J. Linden next sent a communication on the subject, remarking :—
‘“* The various articles which have appeared . . - seem to render con-
tusion worse confounded, and Oncidium macranthum runs a risk of being
considered a myth. . . . Now it happened by chance that between the
two sales a new consignment of the same Orchid arrived, and in better
condition than the preceding one, and this explains how it was that the last
sale was enriched by some ten lots (une dizaine) which were sold for a mere
song in consequence ot the doubts that arose among the purchasers present.
In order to re-assure purchasers, I consider it my duty to declare that the
Oncidium macranthums sent by me to Stevens are not only true, but that
they belong to the most brilliant variety of that most noble species, a variety

which I have called hastiferum. . - + I will add that a specimen of O.
macranthum is now in bud with me, and that those who are incredulous
may soon be convinced de visu -. - + (l.c., 1867, p- 17)-

Messrs. James Backhouse & Son, of York, also wrote on the same

302 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

date:—‘‘ . . . Whatever some of the plants sold by Linden at Stevens’
Rooms for Oncidium macranthum may be, all are not true. We bought
one as O. macranthum, with a smooth, conical bulb; it is now in bloom,
and is not O. macranthum, but (apparently) O. serratum, a species nearly
allied in habit, but with totally different flowers. . . . We may add that
none of the plants sent home to us by our collector from Eucador have
the long rhizome. . . . Along with these plants an excellent coloured
drawing from Nature was sent, which was at once identified by Professor
Reichenbach as O. macranthum. . . . Patience will reveal much, and
we may briefly state that it will not (apparently) have to be severely
strained in regard to the plant we have imported as O. macranthum, as one
of these already shows a flower-stem.”’—(I.c., p. 17).

To the latter communication, M. Linden replied :—‘‘ I learn with regret
that the eminent firm of Messrs. Backhouse & Son have experienced
some disappointment. As to Oncidium macranthum, it is probable they
may have received plants of this species which were sold at Stevens’ in
1865, procured from the slopes of Chimborazo, and belonging to. the
typical form of the species, the pseudobulbs of which differ from those of
the variety hastiferum, and have some resemblance to those of an Oncidium

allied to O. serratum, and derived ftom the same locality... 2772
(.c., p. 29).
Messrs. Backhouse now asked:—“ . . .. May it not prove that the

so-called ‘typical form of the species from the slopes of Chimborazo’
belongs to another species altogether, as ours, now in bloom, certainly is,
and that the var. hastiferrm is the true (t.e., typical) macranthum ? ”—
(/.c., p. 54).

This question can scarcely be answered satisfactorily even yet. But
Reichenbach stated that both M. Linden and Messrs. Backhouse had
submitted to him dried flowers of the true O. macranthum. Whether the
spikes which they each alluded to as showing reached maturity may be
doubted—unless indeed they proved untrue to name—for it was not until
early in 1868 that it flowered in the collection of Lord Londesborough,
according to the records, for the first time in cultivation, and on March 2nd
it was exhibited at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, and
received a First-class Certificate. It is now well known that it grows with
other species so similar in habit that they can scarcely be distinguished
when out of flower; in fact, they have repeatedly been imported and sold
for it, and the mistake has not been detected until they flowered.

Thus this beautiful Orchid has a rather curious history, and there is
more respecting it yet to be learnt.

R. A. ROLFE,

—1-) +

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 303
ORCHIDS AT TIXALL LODGE, TIXALL, STAFFS.

HERE, at Tixall Lodge, the pretty residence of E. Bostock, Esq., is a very
neat, compact, and well-grown collection of Orchids. There are five
departments alloted solely to their cultivation, including warm, inter-
mediate, and cool temperatures, and the most popular species and varieties
are well represented. A good many hybrids are also to be noted, several of
which have been raised here and which are growing on in their various
sizes, according to age, some having attained almost flowering size, whilst
_ others are still babies in thimble pots.

The object of the present note is chiefly to mention a few special
features with which we were much impressed on our recent visit. The
most prominent of these, perhaps, is a magnificent batch of about a dozen
plants of Oncidium Londesboroughianum in the very finest condition, and
producing flower spikes freely. Never before have we seen this species
doing so well and looking so thriving. Although old-established plants,
there seems no signs whatever of deterioration ; on the contrary, this year’s
pseudobulbs are equally as large and fine as any made previously. In our
experience with this species we have found it succeed best suspended in a
light position in the Cattleya house, or, perhaps, better still in the Mexican
house, and have recommended such positions, yet here they are seen
growing away without the slightest trouble in pots on the stage in an
ordinary Cattleya house, retaining their leaves fresh and_ perfect,
surrounded by the ordinary inmates of such a house, and in receipt of
similar treatment. We tried to ascertain why they should do so
uncommonly well in this particular house, but could detect no special
reason. A piece of elm wood with bark was simply made fast in a pot, and
on this the plant was fixed, a surfacing of compost being placed over the
crocks, as in the usual practice. Adjoining the above was a splendid ame
of Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana in bloom, some of which were magnificent
in size and richness of colour.

A very fine batch of Cattleya Harrisoniana also stood out conspicuously,
most of which were tip top varieties, but one so far outstripped the
remainder as to suggest that it was a flower of some other species ; it would
not discredit the beautiful Cattleya superba, so large and well shaped, and
of such substance and brilliancy of colour was the bloom. There is some-
thing peculiar, too, about the pseudobulbs and leaves that would almost
lead one to the conclusion that it might by a natural hybrid.

But the finest species seen in bloom was, we think, a batch of Cattleya
Eldorado. Here were several fine, healthy specimens of the beautiful
Cattleya Eldorado Wallisii, in full flower, and the symmetry of the bloom,
the pure whiteness of the sepals and petals, and the intense richness of the

304 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

orange of the labellum left nothing to be desired. Another lovely variety
was noticeable, varying only on account of its sepals and petals being
slightly suffused with rose colour, and far superior to any of the varieties
called crocata rosea which we have seen. Another variety was remark-
able for its flowers being evenly and regularly dark in colour throughout,
except, of course, the labellum, which was orange. Taking them altogether,
they are varities which Mr. Bostock and his gardener, Mr. Bailey, may well
be proud of.
H...AvsB,

SACCOLABIUM CALOPTERUM.

Tuts handsome Saccolabium has hitherto been known from description and
dried specimens, and it is therefore interesting to record that a plant which
has just commenced to flower in the Kew collection proves identical. The
species was described from dried specimens, in 1882 (Gard. Chron., 1882,
XVill., p. 520), by Reichenbach, who remarked :—“ This may be a beauty.
The flowers are much like those of Vanda ceerulescens. They appear to be
rich purple, and are probably white at the base of the sepals and petals.
The inflorescence is a panicle. It was discovered in New Guinea by the
Rev. Mr. Macfarlane, and the specimens at hand come from Messrs. Veitch.”’
Dried specimens collected by Burke between the south coast and Owen Stanley
Range, and sent to Messrs. Veitch, evidently agree with the description, as
does also a photograph and dried raceme sent to Messrs. F. Sander and Co.,
by Mr. Dixson, of Sydney, which had also been obtained from New Guinea.
It had been taken for a Renanthera, and in habit may be compared with
R. Imschootiana, except that the leaves are very fleshy and about seven
inches long, linear-oblong, and recurving. The inflorescence is a branched

appressed to the sides of the spur, but suddenly dilated above, where they
overlap above the inflated apex of the spur, forming a broad landing-stage
on which insects may alight. The mouth of the spur is quite oblong,
margined by the dwarf broad side lobes of the lip, the front lobe being very
small and recurved. The spur is 4 inch long, and constricted behind the |
inflated apex. It seems to have a good constitution, and a well-flowered
plant would present a very handsome spectacle.

R. A. ROLFE,

THE ‘ORCHID REVIEW. 30

on

ODONTOGLOSSUM x CORADINEI MIRABILE.

ON. June 12th, 1894, a very remarkable Odontoglossum from the collection
of Baron Sir H. Schroder, The Dell, Staines, was exhibited at the Drill
Hall, Westminster, under the name of O. crispum mirabile, and received
an Award of Merit. It was subsequently figured in the Gardeners’ Chronicle
(1897, xvi. pp. 248, 249, fig. 36.). “Although ranked as a form of O. crispum,
with which species it was doubtless imported, it was obviously something
quite exceptional, and, after examination and comparison, it was described
under the name of O. X Coradinei mirabile (Rolfe in Orchid Review, ii,
p- 198), a fact which appears to haveibeen overlooked when the figure

Fic. 16.—ODONTOGLOSSUM X' CORADINEI MIRABILE,
appeared. Though exceptional, even among forms of O. X Coradinel,
the determination has been accepted, and the plant—which was included
in the Baron’s magnificent group at the Temple Show in Ss os ii
appeared at the Drill Hall, on May 16th of the present year, under its
present name, and received: a First-class Certificate. The annexed figure
represents one ‘of the flowers, natural size, and is ‘reproduced from a
photograph taken by Mr. G. I’Anson, of Bush Hill Park. It shows at
a glance its remarkable character, and also the combined characters of O.

306 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

crispum and O. Lindleyanum, though the influence of the former 1s
more pronounced than usual. Generally speaking, the influence of 0.
Lindleyanum preponderates, for which reason many forms of O. X
Coradinei are not very highly prized. Some, however, are good, though
nothing which we have yet seen approaches the present one. It is this
exceptional character which has given rise to a suggestion that it may
possibly have arisen from the re-crossing of O. Xx Coradinei and 0.
crispum. We do not yet know what such a cross would produce, but at
present it seems more probable that the crispum parent was exceptionally
large, or that it obtained a preponderating influence. The Lindleyanum
character is apparent enough in the photograph, but still more so in the
characters which would have been brought out by a side view, and in the
substance of the fresh flower. It remains to be added that the ground
colour is ivory-white, the markings cinnamon-brown, and the crest and
disc bright yellow streaked with brown. Baron Sir H. Schréder must

be congratulated on the possession of such a gem, which is very aptly
named. ,

ANSELLIAS FROM THE CONGO.

AN interesting article by M. Em. Laurent, under the above title, appears
in the September number of the Revue de l’Horticulture Belge, accompanied
by coloured figures of the two species found in the Congo district, namely,
A. confusa and A. congoensis. They are nearly allied, but the latter. has
much smaller and more numerous flowers, and their geographical distribu-
tion is also distinct. On this point the author remarks as follows :—

“Ansellia congoensis is localised at the mouth of the river. Until
lately, it was very abundant on the trunks of Elzis, and especially those of
Hyphzne guineensis, on the isle of Mateba and in the neighbourhood.
Large quantities have been collected during the last twenty years, and the
species has become rare since the time of my first journey in 1893- it
should be noted that at the mouth of the river a savannah climate prevails,
with a dry season of five or six months.

** Ansellia confusa, discovered originally in Sierra Leone, and afterwards
at Fernando Po and in Angola, inhabits several different districts of the
Congo basin. I have seen it many times in the forest of Mayombe and in
that of Massamba, along the old caravan route. In 1895-1896, I again
found it along the Kassai and the Sankuru, and also on the rivers of the
Lualaba-Congo, and above Stanleyville. The distribution of this Orchid
is ue very great, while that of Ansellia congoensis appears to be very
small.”

——

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 307

CULTURE OF ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM.

ODONTOGLOssUM crispum is undoubtedly our most popular Orchid. It
may not exist in a greater number of collections than some others, for it
will not succeed where a few warm Orchids are cultivated as ordinary stove
plants, nor will it thrive long in an ordinary greenhouse, like Cypripedium
insigne, but it is, at all events, the most plentiful in the majority of collec-
tions, and one might suppose that by this time we had learned how to
cultivate it. But have we?

Mr. W. Swan, of Bystock, not long ago, (Gard. Chron., 1898, XXill,
p. 164) called attention to the fact that on several occasions some six thousand,
eight thousand, fifteen thousand, and yet other large consignments of the
Pacho varieties of O. crispum have been sold at Messrs. Protheroe & Morris’
rooms in Cheapside; which should set one wondering whether the stock of
O. crispum is so near exhaustion as we were led a few years ago to believe, or
whether the collectors are endeavouring to make a clean sweep for the time
being.

‘“‘T remember well,” he remarks, “‘ Mr. H. Blunt coming down from the
Messrs. Low & Co., of Clapton, to Mr. J. Day’s, to inspect the different
species of Odontoglossum then included in the collection, so that he might
see O. nevium and O. Pescatorei, of which there were just two plants of
each species in the collection at that time.” He also alludes to the splendid
O. nevium from the Warner collection (Warn. Sel. O., 1., t- 7), and O.
Pescatorei from Messrs. Veitch (t. 25), and a plant there mentioned of the
latter, in the collection of T. Dawson, Esq., of Meadowbank, that had
‘borne branched spikes with fifty flowers.” These are mentioned, however,
‘to show the great rarity of the finer varieties of Odontoglossums when the
first collectors went to Bogota, the region of the Magdalena river, the
Pacho district, or any other spot likely to reward their quest.

‘“‘ Since that time what enormous quantities have come over, of both O.
crispum and Pescatorei! And to-day the question naturally arises, where
are they? Are the finest plants now met with those that have been under
cultivation for ten, fifteen, or twenty years ? Can many collections show
good specimens of the plants that H. Blunt sent over? Or are there many
pieces still in culture which Chesterton collected? I fear not; most of
those early ones grew well for a time, then not quite so well ; then may be
the plants changed ownership, or a fresh grower had them in charge, and
SO on, occasional improvements taking place with recurring relapses, until
a fresh consignment gave opportunity for the purchase of 5% 100, ora
greater number; then the collection was considered to be improving, because

vigour, that he did his utmost to develop, and with some little knowledge,

308 ‘THE ORCHID REVIEW.

achieved better results, that extended over a considerably long period of
time. %
‘But are these two species even now so universally well grown as to
lead ‘one to say there is nothing more to be learnt? It would certainly
seem to me there is yet something that cultivators may learn ; but the ors
of the matter is, what is that particular treatment which is so essential to
the continued well-being and constant improvement of these plants? I
venture to say that most growers can remember good collections that ‘have
come under their observation, or fine housefuls of which they have had
charge, but when dispersed what has become of them? or ifa collection
has remained intact, do the original plants still exist ? Whether it is the
houses in which the plants grow (and these vary enough in many gardens),
or the special kind of treatment afforded the plants, there would still be the
lack of a certain method of treatment whereby uniformly good growth and
vigour can be assured. a
‘It is certainly worth while inviting an expression of opinion from some
of the leading Orchid-cultivators of the country which might throw light on
this matter, especially as to the aspect of houses, whether span-roof, lean-
to, or half-span, the kind of staging, or bed on which to place the plants,
dealing also with moisture, shading, syringing, and all other essential
points. The subject of earth versus stone or tile-floors: of open rain-water
and water-tanks. In the interest of the thousands of: plants of Odonto-
glossums now passing into the hands of many who have not as yet hat
much expérience with these lovely plants, ‘some such expression would, I
venture to say, be most acceptable, and likewise be of assistance to the
older practitioners, enabling them to decide if the term degeneration is the
correct one to apply, or whether it be not natural decay that is brought
about by unnatural treatment.” ord! PaaGe ks
These are pertinent questions, and a more recent. discussion suggests
the query whether we really understand what we are pleased to term“ the
requirements” of the plant. Mr. W. H. Young, of Clare Lawn, East
Sheen, the other day remarked :-—“ In comparison with the number of
growers of this popular species, those who attain satisfactory success are
exceedingly few. A- mistake frequently made by cultivators is that of
treating the plants rather as if they were aquatics than plants which grow
naturally on trees more or less bare. Complaints have been frequent this
season that Odontoglossums have shrivelled greatly, owing to the unusually
hot weather, and in attempting to remedy this, many growers have given
the plants too much water and shade, which, I believe, has more often than
not defeated the end in view. An excess of moisture in the pseudobulbs 15°
decidedly disadvantageous to the plants, but a little shrivelling is more
blessing in disguise than an injury. Now that cooler conditions’ prevail,

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 309

the pseudobulbs will soon regain their former plumpness, and commence to
root anew.”—Gard. Chron., September 2, p. 188.

- Another correspondent replied that these “excellent remarks” induced
him to describe his own method of treatment, and the course of reasoning
which led to its adoption. ‘In the first place, as this plant grows at an
altitude of 8,000 feet, it must always be in a free air, and as the vapour-
laden clouds rise to that height they become condensed, and descend in
copious showers upon the plants frequently, but not constantly; and not
at any time can the showers be warm. One could not imagine such a
thing as a spike of bloom becoming spotted and disfigured, as one has
often seen them in Cool Orchid-houses. As I grew my own plants, and had
not to please another’s fancy, a. bold method was adopted with marked
success. The essential points are: air is always admitted (except in a
wind frost), and especially by low ventilators opposite the hot-water pipes,
with sufficient top-ventilation to keep the air of the house in movement.
Under such conditions damping-off is unknown. What I am now about to
mention will no doubt raise a chorus of surprise and dissent. All the
watering the plants get is from the cold hose-pipe once or twice a day, to
imitate the cold showers they get in their native habitat. This is given
overhead, as if they were so many cabbages. If the sheaths at the base of
the pseudobulbs are full of water, they are left so ; the free ventilation puts
that matter right, and the material in the pots is never soaking wet, as
though we were attempting to grow bog plants. It is remembered that
Odontoglossums naturally grow on trees, and can only get such water as
falls from above. Keep the ventilation free, not so free as in an Orchard-
house, of course, but be bold, and all will be well. Do not coddle your
plants as regards temperature, but keep it down to 60° in the summer if you
can; and should it fall to 35° on a winter morning, do not faint with fright
—your plants will not die, if all other conditions have proper attention.”
—T.L.C., Sept. 9, p: 202.

A Young Gardener was now not unnaturally somewhat pe
‘a little in doubt as to the kind of treatment the species requires during
the summer months,” remarking further that ‘‘ the above opinions seem to
me so conflicting that I would like to solicit the advice of other cultivators
of Odontoglossums.’’—Sept. 16, p. 231: :

The important article by Mr. Robert Thompson, entitled er
glossum crispum at Pacho—the natural conditions under which it grows,
published at pages 297-298 of our last volume, will be read with interest
in this connection, for it seems that there is still much uncertainty as to the

requirements of this beautiful species under cultivation.

rplexed, and

—_—' - rr"

310 THE OKCHID REVIEW.

LASLIO-CATTLEYA x REGINA.

Ar page 313 of our fifth volume a pretty hybrid, raised by Mr. James
Cypher, of Cheltenham, between Lelia purpurata ? and Cattleya Forbes
3 was described, under the name of Lzlio-cattleya X Cypheri. Shortly
before this, however, we find that a similar cross, raised by Mr. Se Mantin,
was exhibited at a meeting of the Société Nationale d’Horticulture de
France, on July 22nd, 1897, under the name of L.-c. X Regine (Chron.
Orch.), p. 55.
Still earlier a hybrid from C. intermedia ¢ and L.-c. X elegans Deshi
¢, from the collection of C. Ingram, Esq., was exhibited at a meeting of
the Royal Horticultural Society as L.-c. X Regina (Orchid Review, V-» P- 62),
though the fact that this very hybrid had previously been exhibited as L.-c-
X Cicero (Orchid Review, iv., p. 62) prevents its adoption, and the scarcely
different name of L.-c. x Regine should therefore be adopted for the pre-
sent one.
The reverse cross has now been raised by Mr. T. Spencer, Goodrich
Court, Ross, Herefordshire, the seed having been obtained from C. Forbesit
crossed with the pollen of L. purpurata. The pseudobulbs, leaves, and
spathes, however, closely resemble the pollen parent, except in being rather
smaller, while the flowers are fairly intermediate. The sepals and rather
broader petals are lilac-rose, with darker veins, and the lip tubular, orange
yellow, with dark reddish veins, as in the seed-bearer, with the apex of the

three lobes purple. It is very similar to the original hybrid, and, of course,
will bear the same name.

HABITATS OF INDIAN CYPRIPEDIUMS.

ARE we on the eve of some important discovery with respect to the
habitats of the Indian Cypripediums? Those who remember the facts
recently brought together in these pages (O.R., v-, pp. 51-23 Vl» Ps 76;
and vii., pp. 172-3) will admit that there are good grounds for such a query-
And now an additional fact bearing on the same question may be recorded.
Mrs. Colston, Roundway Park, Devizes, purchased some imported plants
as Cypripedium insigne montanum at one of the sales at Messrs. Protheroe
and Morris’ Rooms, and one of them, which has now flowered, proves to
be C. Spicerianum. Whether the two actually grew together is more than
I can say, but if so, it would explain the record of the occurrence of C. x
Leeanum as a wild plant (O.R. vi., p. 76). Even more important in some
respects is the tull identification of the doubtful C. x Arthurianum, said
to have come in the same importation, for is not the mysterious C.
Fairrieanum one parent of the Jatter hybrid? The occurrence of C.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3rr

ppeutissinium in the same importation is, perhaps, not without significance
‘ oe connection. Lastly, ifthe recorded occurrence of C. X Sallieri in the
: asia. Hills (0.R., Ves p- 52) is correct, C. villosum ought also to occur
ere, a point which it would be interesting to have confirmed.
A. R.

CYPRIPEDIUM x SHILLIANUM.

Wiru reference to our note of the above at page 253, Messrs. Charlesworth
“a a Heaton, Bradford, write that it was not derived from C.

eneesnum and Rothschildianum, as suggested, but from: Ci x
| neg and Rothschildianum, and was raised in their establishment.
4 ee ee Messrs. Charlesworth’s records are very carefully kept, and
ee omen is half Lawrenceanum, the resemblance to that
a, : in C. X Shillianum is easily accounted for. The influence

€ aan parent of C. X Gowerlanum, namely, C. Curtisil, is not so
apparent in C. x Shillianum as might have been expected.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR OCTOBER.
By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

THE temperatures of the different departments should now be kept about
the following figures, of course allowing a few degrees fluctuation in accord-
ance with the conditions of the weather outside :—
Coot House.—Day, with sun, 60° to 65°; without sun, 55° to 60°;
night and morning, 50° to 55°-
s ‘Saigo House-—Day, with sun, 70° to 75°5 without sun, 60°
5°; night and morning, 55° to 60°.
STovE or EAsT INDIAN House.—Day, with sun, 75° to 80°; without
sun, 65° to 70°; night and morning, 60° to 65°.
Oe mc beautifully long and—for Orchids—most beneficial summer is
ts. ing of the past, and with October we shall, no doubt, receive
Baca: samples of more or less dull, wet, cold, and wintry weather,
ae us of what we may expect In the near future, and our system of
on should be shaped accordingly. The heating apparatus will now
if not already done, no time should be

play a most important part, and,
and seeing that they are in thorough

] . “oe ‘

ost in oiling and packing the valves,

working order.

: a... heat will now b

es late houses for the greater part of the time.
command all that is necessary, but never more,

e required in the Warm and Inter-
Make a practice of having
for too much is as

312 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

harmful as too little. There may still be many days when the fire may be’
either let out altogether or so kept down as to give off scarcely any warmth;
and there will doubtless be many nights when a very small amount of fire
heat will be sufficient to maintain the temperatures at the requisite degrees. _
The Cool house should not have the heat turned on whenever it is posssible
to keep up the degree of warmth without it, unless it is with a view of help-
ing to dry up a too moist and stagnant atmosphere.
VENTILATION.—A~ good -deal of care must still be given to this most
important work... Orchids grow the strongest, healthiest, and. most robust
in houses that are kept pure and sweet bya free circulation of fresh air,
without draughts, and the worst and weakest in penned-up, stuffy ones. It
is therefore advisable to have on air, little or much, as often and as long as
possible. Beware, however, of using the top lights too freely now, but work |
more upon the bottom ventilators. eA
DaMPING-DOWN.—Probably there is no other month throughout the year |
when less water is required for damping-down purposes, and this for |
obvious reasons. Firstly, many plants have completed their growths, and
desire to be at rest, whilst others, which have no apparent season of rest,
require to be hardened somewhat before the advent of winter. Secondly,
the atmosphere outside is now heavily charged with moisture, and does not
absorb the same from the interior of the houses. And thirdly, sufficient
artificial warmth is scarcely yet necessary to unduly dry or impoverish the
atmosphere, like it does for instance during the time of severe frosts.. Such
being the case, it will be seen that little water need be distributed this
month, and that the weather should be the sole guide for doing so. It may
be required once a day or not at all. For my own part I now make it a
practice of never damping my coolest house during this season, but let that
suffice which it receives when watering the plants.
WATERING.—This work must also be done with greater care, and be »
more thoughtfully considered than hitherto, and for the very same reasons
as those given above. In fact, it is very easy to over-water at this period, —
much more so than in the depth of winter, when very sharp frosts prevail,
because then, owing to the greater amount of fire heat, the compost dries
more quickly. It is scarcely possible to say how often to water, as the
conditions and circumstances of each plant vary so much, but I may
mention that all deciduous species, like many Dendrobiums, the
Catasetums, Mormodes, Cycnoches, Chysis, Cyrtopodiums, Thunias,
Barkerias, Anguloas, Ansellias,
allowed to get very dry,
pseudobulbs plump,
advances.

and similar growing species, may now be
receiving enough moisture only to keep the
and for this less and less will suffice as the season —
For species such as Cattleyas, Lalias, Oncidiums, Odonto--
glossums, Coelogynes, Epidendrums, Lycastes, Maxillarias, Stanhopeas,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 333-

Trichopilias, and other similar growing. kinds which have completed ‘their
new pseudobulbs, I also recommend a very dry treatment from now hence-
forth throughout the winter, though, of course, they must not be expected
to withstand quite so much drought as the afore-mentioned deciduous
kinds. What one has to watch in this matter of affording water during)
winter is to see that each plant gets enough to keep the pseudobulbs in a
perfectly plump and healthy condition, and if the department be not over-
heated, a very little will be found sufficient. ome

Coming now to those species having no such marked season of growth.
and rest, but which are on the move more or less the whole time, I still
advise comparative drought during the coming winter months. I refer to
such species as the Cypripediums, Sobralias, Vandas, Zygopetalums,
Saccolabiums, Pescatoreas, Phaius, Phalznopsis, Renantheras, Miltonias,
Masdevallias, Dendrobiums Dearei and Brymerianum, Cymbidiums,
Cochliodas, evergreen Calanthes, Angreecums, and Aérides, with any of the
Oncidiums and Odontoglossums that are in active growth. The whole of
these must have sufficient moisture at the roots to enable them to keep.
moving steadily on, and to keep the foliage in a green, plump, and healthy.
condition. Ifthe plants are healthy, which implies, of course, that they
are well rooted, a very little water henceforth will suffice. My object. in
mentioning these various kinds in detail is to indicate approximately the
amount of water suitable for them.

_ SYRINGING.—The practice of over-head syringing with tepid rain water,
which is followed by such good results during the growing season, must
now be abandoned in all departments, or it may do more harm than good.
Scale-insects, however, in their various forms, will increase faster in
consequence, and the plants: should consequently be looked over and
cleansed when necessary with some approved insecticide.

Spot.—Black spots on the foliage are contracted doubtless in a variety
of ways, but the most prolific source must be attributed to a superabundance
of moisture, partly created by faulty ventilation and partly by an
insufficiency of warmth in the pipes just at the very time when most
needed, which allows an excess of moisture to condense upon the foliage,
soon producing in its turn minute growths of a fungoid nature. The above
causes are also very conducive to rot taking place, but this last-named
malady will sometimes appear in isolated cases when the houses are under
the most approved management. A bruise, followed by water lodging
about the same, frequently results in the rapid decay of the newly-formed
Pseudobulb. When seen in time, the decayed portion should be cut clean
away with a sharp knife, so that the air can have free access, which will
mostly prevent further mischief. Growers of Cattleya Dowiana aurea and
Cattleya labiata will probably be well rewarded if they keep a» sharp look.

314 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

out for rot immediately the flower spikes are cut, for it then not
infrequently attacks them by the moisture lodging about the stem of the
flower spike. The only safe plan to adopt is to pull away all the remaining
portion of the sheath, and cut off the stem of the spike as close to the
bulb as possible.

SHADING.—The blinds, unless required for a winter protection against
cold, should during this month be dried and stowed away in a dry place for
the winter. Most of the plants will now enjoy the full rays of the sun,
though it may still be advisable to be careful regarding any cool Odonto-
glossum that may chance to occupy a department with a southern aspect.
Also the beautiful genus, Phalznopsis, is very susceptible in this respect,
and may easily be injured by too much bright sunshine even at this late
period, for its fine, broad, fleshy leaves present a large surface on which
the hot rays speedily act.

Pottinc.—This work should now cease. Winter potting, I am
confident, is not a safe thing to adopt, excepting in the case of plants
that are newly imported, which, of course, must be done up. Even for
these it is scarcely politic to use good and valuable materials at this late
season, and they will grow just as well, and perhaps establish themselves
more quickly, if simply propped up in their pots, with a few crocks about
their roots to keep them steady. Certainly, if so treated, larger supplies of
water could be administered, because it could the more readily pass away.
The compost could easily be supplied later on, after the pseudobulbs have
regained their plumpness, and are about to tend forth new roots more
abundantly.

SUITABLE PosiTions.—No pains should be spared in selecting for each
plant the best and most favoured position for the Winter, which may or
may not vary from that occupied during the Summer months. Select the
roof principally for those to be rested and dried the most, the driest end
for those quite dormant, and the moistest for those still growing, or the
sunniest or shadiest parts as the case may demand. Even the removal of
various species from one house to another is often done with satisfactory
results. For instance, owing to the want of space, or some other cause,
many growers place some species in the coolest house during Summer, but
are careful to remove them back to intermediate temperature for the
Winter, and such treatment invariably answers well, especially if the latter
department is required to be kept rather warmer for certain things, like
Cattleyas or Dendrobiums, during the Summer. I may here enumerate a few
species which are the better for such change of houses :—Ada aurantiaca,
all those Oncidiums that are known as cool-growing kinds, Cymbidiums,
Odontoglossum grande, O. hastilabium, O. cirrhosum, O. citrosmum, O-
cordatum, O. Harryanum, O. Insleayi, O. maxillare (madrense), O-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. — 315

nevium, O. Krameri, the whole of the Masdevallias, but particularly
M. tovarensis, M. ephippium (Trochilus). M. Shuttleworthii, M. macrura,
all the Chimera section, the cool-growing Lycastes, Sophronitis grandiflora,
and the Pleiones. The vacant spaces thus created in the cool house might
conveniently be filled during the Winter with the cool-resting Dendrobiums
mentioned last month.

Lelias pumila and Dayana are just now showing for bloom. These
also do well in the Cool house during Summer, but should now be removed
to the Intermediate house, where the. flowers will come much finer. The
deciduous Calanthes are now commencing to push up their spikes. Keep
them still in a nice warm temperature, but reduce the supplies of water, as
they will not now require very much. Those of the Mexican Lelias that are
producing their flower spikes should still have a sufficient amount of water
until they bloom, or the strain upon the plant will be very great. Cattleya
Lawrenceana, always a late one to form its new pseudobulbs, should now
occupy the warmest department to enable it to do so quickly, as also should
any late plants of C. superba and C. Eldorado.

(a

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID
SOCIETY.
A MEETING was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on September 4th,
when the following members of the committee were present :—Messrs. G.
Shorland Ball (in the chair), W. Duckworth, Charles Parker, R. Johnson,
and P. Weathers (hon. sec.).

W. Duckworth, Esq., Shaw Hall, Flixton (gr. Mr. Tindall), showed
Cattleya Lueddemanniana (speciosissima) alba, a very rare and beautiful
albino, to which a First-class Certificate was given.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Vanda San-
deriana, with a magnificent spike of bloom (First-class Certificate), and
Cattleya Lueddemanniana Ernestii.

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Accrington, showed Cypripedium x Leone and
Odontoglossum crispum Lehmanni.

Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Bradford, showed Laelia x Iona (Ls
tenebrosa x Dayana), a pretty intermediate form, Lycaste Denningiana, a
very pretty flower too seldom seen (Award of Merit), Lzlio-cattleya x
Admiral Dewey, a very beautiful hybrid (First-class Certificate), Houlletia
Brocklehurstiana (Award of Merit), and a form of Cypripedium x Mabeliz
called Mrs. Harry Smith (Rothschildianum X superbiens), a very fine and
handsome hybrid, to which an Award of Merit was also given. ie

Mr. A. Keeling, Bingley, showed a handsome Lzlio-cattleya X Schil-
leriana, a form with a very dark and beautiful labellum, and the petals

316, THE ORCHID. REVIEW.

splashed with: rose, Cypripedium Lawrenceanum,-and. a, handsome -hybrid
derived from C. superbiens' x Morganiz, having the dorsal sepal almost af
the seed parent, but the petals drooping.and much spotted as in the pollen
parent. It received an Award of Merit. a

At the meeting held on September 21st, the -exhibits were more,
numerous, and included several specially fine,things. The members of
the. committee present were :—Messrs..G. Shorland Ball (in the chair),
Leemann, Parker, Robson, Holmes, Cypher, Johnson, and: Dr. Hodgkinson.

G. Shorland Ball, Esq.,. Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), showed a fine
plant of. Cattleya Gaskelliana alba, with a strong spike of four flowers, of
very good form and substance (First-class. Certificate), a good dark (.
Harrisoniana violacea, and Cypripedium Argus, with small flower, blooming
for the first time, of good form and very darkly spotted, which, when
stronger, will doubtless make a very fine thing. a

»T.Statter, Esq., Stand Hall (gr. Mr. Johnson), .showed Cattleya
granulosa and C. g. Stand Hall var.; the latter having the ground work
much darker than the type, and quite distinct in appearance. :

John Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Cattleya
x Hardyana Massaiana, and an interesting Cypripedium se@dling, oné-of
the parents being Chamberlainianum and the other unknown.

_/ Richard Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), showed Cattleya.
x Maroni (velutina x Dowiana aurea), an exceedingly beautiful form of,
this pretty cross, with large and well-formed flower, and a form of Lalio-,
cattleya xX Henry Greenwood, no doubt correctly named, but without the,
beautiful yellow throat which lends such distinction to the variety acquired
by the late Mr. Greenwood, which was also shown at this meeting and 38,
referred to below. Mr. Ashworth’s variety: might be distinguished by...
varietal name, the white throat giving it quite a different appearance.

L Mrs, H. Greenwood, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Gill), showed the beautiful,
Lelio-cattleya x Henry Greenwood, referred to above, and was awarded #
First-class Certificate. ee meee

T. Baxter, Esq., Morecambe (gr. Mr. Roberts), showed e good. Cattleya)
, Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham, showed a very fine and distinct seeds
Cis the parents undoubtedly being C. bicolor (First-class: |
ertificate), and a fine Dendrobium Phalznopsis. 2 ‘tt de

_ Messrs. Charlesworth and Co.,: Bradford, showed
tessellatum porphyreum, Lieli

Cypripedium xy

Shown. at. the last meeting,
L.-c..X Duke of York,

‘THE ORCHID-REVIEW. 317
Hardyana, of: good. colour and: form, but ona weak’ plant and’ small
(Award of Merit), and Oncidium ee aenes which has
alféady received a First-class Certificate.
° "Mr. W.Holmés, Timperley, showed Cypripedium ‘conco- -Lawre.’
John Robson, Altrincham, showed’ Leelio- cattleya X- apse
en, and « a: glad ‘fine fori of Pa leaveacs oe as of
Merit). ~ :

*

4
MOD

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
| “A few ‘good Orchids were ‘staged at the Drill Hall, James Street,
Westminster, on September | 12th, : “but, as is usual at’ this" ‘Beason, the
exhibits were not numerous. The: members. of thé“ ‘Orchid [Cun mitteé
present were:—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. Bond,
Chapman, Crawshay, Douglas, Fowler, Gabriel, Hill, se a Bitils
Lucas, Pollett, Smee, ‘Young, and O’Brien (hon. séc.).

oe WwW. Duckworth, Esq., Shaw Hall, Flixton, Manchester (girs Mr. Tiida,
sent the beautifal albino} Cattleya Luéddemanniana alba, to'which a First:
class Certificate was given. ‘It is quite’ typical i in’ sizé’ and: shape, but of the
purest white, with the disc -6f the lip clear ligh€ aN Seed histibey ot
the Medoat 4 is given at p. 326 of our last volume.’

. L. N. Ingfam, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming ee Mr: Bord);
howe four flowers of Ingram’s variety of Lelid-cattleya x tallistoglossa,
and Cattleya x Kienastiaria Aurora’ (Lueddemanniana- Bh 54 Dowlana
autea 3), a beautiful light’ variety, to which ‘an Award of Merit Wa® given.
The sepals and petals are light rose, slightly freckled with: ‘cream white,
and the lip bright yellow at the base and* ‘bentre, with: ‘purplish: red ‘lines,
and the front lobe uadiilate, light rose — with’ an nant piftplish
rose blotch i in‘the centre.

aa Leon, Esq., Bletchley: Park (gr. Mr. -atopy also received an
Award’ of Merit for Lelio-cattleya X callistoglossa ° -Leon’s var., a very finé
form, with bright lilac+rose sepals and ptr need the = dark claret- parple
to extreme base:

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botaliti? Gardens Glasnevin, exhibited tha
remarkable Cryptophoranthus hypodiscus (Rolfe), ’ ‘to which a Botanical
Certificate: was given. It is allied to C. Dayanus, but has smaller flowers
of a dull purple colour, with. some white hairs on the’ veins of the dorsal
sepal. The flowéts of this “genus are very curious, ‘being closed at the
apex, with 2 ‘pair df opénings at the side, and thus: Tesembhe the head of 2
bi ia I37

Hardy, Esq!) Tyntesfield, Asliton- se isloey (gr. Mr. Stati),
sai ‘the pretty’ ‘tittle Sophrdcattleya x Hardyana’ = gtandi-

318 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

flora ¢ X Cattleya Aclandie ¢), a charming little hybrid, which is figured
at page 209 of our July issue.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), showed
Cypripedium niveum maculatum, a pretty form in which the parts of the
flower were uniformly dotted with light purple.

Col. R. W. Shipway, Grove House, Chiswick (gr. Mr. Walters), showed
a very fine form of Cattleya x Hardyana, with a very broad and richly-
coloured lip.

Mrs. Temple, Leyswood, Groombridge (gr. Mr. Bristow), sent a good
form of Cattleya Gaskelliana.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, sent a nice lot of the beautiful
Dendrobium formosum, arranged with Acalypta hispida, the contrast of
white and crimson being very effective.

AT the meeting held on September 26th, Orchids were better represented
than on several previous occasions, and Medals were awarded to three
groups, though only two other awards were made. The members of the
Orchid Committee were :—H. J. Veitch, Esq. (in the Chair), and Messrs.
Chapman, Cobb, Colman, Courtauld, Crawshay, Fowler, Gabriel, Hill,
Jaques, Thorne, Young, and O’Brien (hon. sec.).

C. H. Feiling, Esq., Southgate House, Southgate (gr. Mr. Canham),
exhibited a large and well-arranged group, to which a Silver Banksian
Medal was given. It contained a number of well-flowered plants of
Dendrobium Phalznopsis, some good D. formosum, Cattleya Gaskelliana,
C. Leopoldi, Miltonia Clowesii, Lelia pumila, a number of good
Cypripediums, &c. 7

T. W. Thornton, Esq., Brockhall, Weedon, exhibited Cattleya X
weedoniensis (Mendelii x granulosa), a very beautiful hybrid, bearing 4
scape of three flowers, to which an Award of Merit was given. The
general shape was that of C. granulosa, but the segments broader, and
quite different in colour. The sepals are greenish white, tinged with lilac,
the petals cream-white, tinged with green along the centre, and veined with
purplish rose throughout, and the lip deeply trilobed, with the side lobes
pale yellow, darker on the inside, and the front lobe crisped and bright
rose purple in colour, with a lighter tint between the nerves.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes);
showed a brilliantly coloured form of Cattleya x Hardyana, with much
yellow on the sides of the lip, and Odontoglossum crispum Bassano, a very
fine white form, with a large blotch of red-brown on the lip, the latter
receiving an Award of Merit.

- M. Appleton, Esq., Tyn-y-coed, Weston-super-mare (gr. Mr.
Brooks), showed Cypripedium x enfieldense, and C. x Juliz (Lawrence

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 319

anum X exul), a pretty hybrid of intermediate character, raised from seeds
sown in January, 1895.

T. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate (gr. Mr. Salter),
showed Cypripedium x Fowlerianum Haywood’s var. (Harrisianum super-
bum x bellatulum), a very handsome hybrid, together with flowers of both
parents.

Major Joicey, Sunningdale Park (gr. Mr. Thorne), showed a fine plant
of Dendrobium taurinum amboinense, bearing a large spike of flowers,
which are light bronzy brown in colour.

H. Little, Esq., Baronshalt, Twickenham (gr. Mr. Howard), showed
the richly-coloured aud handsome Lelio-cattleya X elegans Littleana,
which has been in the collection over fourteen years, and Cypripedium
Sanderianum.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. Chapman),
showed Cypripedium x Lachmee (ciliolare 2? X superbiens ¢ ),a handsome
form most resembling the latter.

The Rev. F. Paynter, Stoke Hill, Guildford (gr. Mr. Cooke), sent a fine
yellow form of Odontoglossum grande, in which the usual brown markings
were absent, and a hybrid derived from Leelio-cattleya X elegans and
Cattleya Lawrenceana, most resembling the former in shape and colour.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), sent a
large and handsomely-coloured form of Cattleya x Hardyana.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged 4 very fine group, to
which a Silver Flora Medal was awarded. It contained some good forms
of the handsome Lealio-cattleya X callistoglossa, L.-c. X Fortuna (L.-c.
X Schilleriana x C. Mossi), Cattleya x Chloe, a very pretty hybrid
derived from C. Bowringiana and C. bicolor, most resembling the latter,
the flowers being rosy purple, with the front lobe of the lip dark purple,
and the light rose side lobes comparatively small; C. X Patrocinu, a hand-
some natural hybrid from C. Loddigesii and Leopoldi, C. granulosa, C.
Loddigesii, C. bicolor, Angraecum articulatum, Brassavola nodosa,
Zygopetalum maxillare, Houlletia Brocklehurstiana, Dendrobium Dearel,
D. Phalznopsis, D. superbiens, and a number of fine Cypripediums.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, staged a handsome
group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained in the
background some fine examples of Vanda coerulea, Oncidium Marshallianum,
phymatochilum, carthaginense, and others, and in front the pretty O.
ornithorhynchum album, Cattleya X Minucia, examples of C. Gaskelliana,
C.. G. alba, Lelio-cattleya x elegans, Le. x Schilleriana, Odonto-
glossum grande, and other species, together with a number of good
Cypripediums, &c.

320 THE ORCHID REVIEW

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

ANSELLIA conFusA, N. E. Br,—Rev. Hort. Belge, Sept., p- 193), with
plate. .
_ ANSELLIA CONGOENSIS, N. E. Br.—Rev. Hort. Beige Sept., p. 193, with
plate.

CaTTLEYA LUEDDEMANNIANA ALBA.—/Journ. of Seek Sept. 21, p. 247,
fig. 49.

CORYANTHES MACULATA, Hook.—Rev. Hort., Sept. aks pe 428, fig. 186,
and plate. :
_. .CYMBIDIUM TRACEYANUM.—Wiew Ill. Gart.-Zeit., Aug.-Sept., p- 319
fig: 47.

Crenipeoriu x Caprain Ho.trorp.—Gard. ae Sept. 9, P- He
with fig.

_.CYPRIPEDIUM X SHILLIANUM.—Gard. World, Sept. 23, P- 57; with fig.

-CyprIPEDIUM X VIPANII.—Journ. of Hort., Aug. 31, p- 132; - 38...

- Drymopa picta, Lindl.—Neub. Gart. Mag., Sept., p. 385, t-

La iio-catTLEyA X ADOoLPHUS.—Gard. Mag., Sept. 16, P. ie with fig.

_L&LI0-CaTTLEYA X WIiGANI#.—Journ: of Hort., Aug. 31, pp- 132, 133
ie

, MILTONIA. X “Bieut. Rew: Hoik, Sept. 1, pp. 400, 401, figs. 177, 178.

ScHOMBURGKIA LyonsiIl.—Gard. Chron., Sept. 9, pp- 202, 203s fig. 71- |
.. SOPHRO-CATTLEYA -X RUE Empress.—Journ. of Hort., July 27)
Pp-,73s 83, fig. 18.
VANILLA -AROMATICA. Carter, Sept pp. 489, 49°, fig. 72. —This. is
pili eo.

> c

CORRESPONDENCE, &e.

a Ciarlabindeiis not ansivered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and s
Lases, for various reasons, they have to may find or a future ft tede n the case of hybr id sedi
ae for name, the parentage and history died « a be briefly ween = or without these details we

not always able to deal with them satisfactor ly.)

Ca se Leopoldi. Most of the ‘Metite cultivated as C. guttata belong to id

species, which is much larger.and uniformly different in the shape of the lip. The Be a
C. guttata, Lindl., idwhees does = ina few collections. The so-called C. guttata Prin
is a synomym of a amethystoglos

H.:-M handsome form of Lali-catte aX a uite ican from L-c. X
elegans and of different parentage. are very variab "ie ta e familiar with —
ise between sate nei and-C. nepali, will re “distinguish the t

yor

W..V, Asuperb form of Cattleya x Hard dark Is and petals, the

ss pulse! Tae yana, with very dark sepa
por — meee — ee centre and veined near the margin, and the lip wey richly
coloured, —

A. de L. Lectip tations x’ es ans, a very pretty variety with the sepals and petals of

a ‘clear lilac-rose, the latter bei ing iaave ally bree pik aid the ‘i tront lobe : the lip cuneate

obovate in shape, and very dark eakisnd Gairple. We are uncertain as to whether it agree
with any named variety.

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(RE constantly receiving large and varied collections from all the
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be

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NOVEMBER, 1899.

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Vor. VII.) NOVEMBER, 1899. [No. 83.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James Street, Westminster, during November, on the 7th and 2ist
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour,
12 o’clock, noon.

_ The November meetings of the Manchester and North of England
Orchid Society will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on the
gth and 23rd. The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to
inspection from 1 to 3 p.m.

A superb form of Cattleya x Hardyana has been sent from the
collection of W. M. Appleton, Esq., Tyn-y-coed, Weston-super-mare. The
_ lip is very richly coloured, but the beautiful golden veining of C. Dowiana
extends over the basal half of the front lobe and beyond the yellow
blotches at the sides. The richly coloured petals are also slightly mottled
at the base, and veined throughout with yellowish white, and the sepals
are also somewhat mottled. It is a very charming variety.

An unusually brilliant form of Dendrobium Phalznopsis is also sent
from the same collection, the petals and lip being of a rich rose-purple
shade, except at the nearly white base, while the sepals are nearly as dark.
Mr. Appleton, who is very successful in growing this species, considers
it the most brilliant variety which he has seen.

The remarkable Brassia brachiata, of which a flower is enclosed, is also
flowering in the collection, and resembles a giant edition of B. verrucosa.

322 THE ORCHID REVIEW,

Further particulars of the remarkable Eulophiella Peetersiana are
coming to hand. An account of its native country was given at page 258,
and we now learn that it grows upon Pandanus stems, and when in flower it
forms an imposing spectacle.

A dense fog, charged with the usual products of combustion, made its
appearance in the London district during the latter part of October, lasting
for several days, and doing a great amount of damage to Orchid flowers
and buds. In the Streatham district they seem to have been particularly
severe. R, H. Measures, Esq., writes from The Woodlands: —‘“‘In one
house we lost 228 Cattleya spikes, and in another 260 leaves of
Cypripedium insigne. In some cases plants looked as though they had been
sprayed with paraffin and soot. The brass handles of the doors were as
though they had been bronzed over. It is certainly the most severe fog we
have as yet experienced.”

The July, August and September numbers of the Dictionnaire des
Orchidées have reached us since our last issue, and among the plants figured
we find the beautiful Comparettia macroplectron, Cochlioda Noetzliana,
Cymbidium Lowianum concolor, Masdevallia leontoglossa, Oncidium
carthaginense and O. leucochilum, Renanthera matutina, Phalenopsis
sumatrana and Mannii, Vanda Parishii and its variety Marriottiana, &c.

It is interesting to note that another hybrid Calanthe has been raised
between the evergreen and deciduous sections of the genus, this time by
Mr. J. H. Lane, gardener to H. J. Elwes, Esq., of Colesborne Park,
Gloucestershire. It was obtained by crossing C. x Veitchii with the |
pollen of the Japanese form of C. veratrifolia, and has white flowers with
a yellow crest, much resembling those of C. x albata (ante, v., p: 10), of
which it is evidently a variety.

HABITATS OF INDIAN CYPRIPEDIUMS.

RESPECTING your notes as to Cypripedium xX Leeanum as a natural hybrid
(page 310), you will be interested to know that I have one that came up ina
clump of C. insigne out of one of Messrs. Sander’s importations, said to
have come from the Himalayan Mountains. At first I thought that it might
be a stray seedling, but on comparison I find that the foliage and flower are
quite distinct from any that I have raised. I have also another plant which
has not yet flowered in another batch from Messrs. Sander’s importations,
but which from the foliage is either C. x Leeanum or C. Spicerianum.

W. M. APPLETON.
Weston-super-mare.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 323

ORCHIDS AT TYNTESFIELD.

Tue collection of Fred. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey, is
well known as one of the finest in the Manchester district, and when at the
end of May last we paid a hurried visit, we found many features of interest.
It was not the time to see the collection at its best, for, besides the late
season, a sale of duplicates had just taken place, and packing of the plants
for their new destination was still in progress. This, however, will give
room for the better development of the remainder, which in spite of the
large amount of space devoted to them were rather outgrowing their
quarters. There are three ranges each 150 feet long, divided into compart-
ments, and two or three detached houses besides, so that Mr. Stafford and
his assistants evidently fird their hands pretty full in looking after the
requirements of the plants under their charge.

We can only give a few notes of the interesting things seen, without
attempting anything like a general account of the collection, which is in a
thriving condition, and we noticed such adjuncts of good cultivation as
roller blinds, open stages, and modern improvements generally.

In the Cattleya house were a lot of C. Mossiz in flower and bud, several
brilliant forms being among those already expanded. C. Skinneri and C.
dolosa were also observed, together with some good C. Schroeder, and
the handsome C. xX Lawre-Mossiz. There was also a good form of Lzlio-
cattleya x Schilleriana, together with a series of the variable Lelia
purpurata. Nor must we omit to mention the brilliant little Sophro-cat-
tleya x Hardyana which has since been figured in these pages (ante, p- 209).

The Cypripedium group is strongly represented, and among those which
were specially pointed out two plants of C. Fred. Hardy, a plant of some-
what doubtful origin, but which has been suspected to be an albino of C.
Charlesworthii. It has been figured in these pages (anle, v- P- 17). Among
those in flower were some good forms of C. bellatulum, C. barbatum, a
pretty seedling possibly derived from the latter and C. Argus, a good C.
Mastersianum, C. x selligerum, C. * Gowerianum, of which also there
were some seedling plants in bud, and a variety of others.

Odontoglossums are, of course, grown in quantity, but very few of the
crispums were yet out. We noted, however, some good O. Pescatoret,
examples of O. gloriosum, a good form of O. X mulus, O. yee
candidulum, some good O. citrosmum with their graceful pendulous spikes ;
also two well-flowered plants of the brilliant Cochlioda Neetzliana, and
among Masdevallias, good plants of M- Veitchiana and M. caudata.

Besides these there are many miscellaneous subjects, In both the Warm
and Cool houses, which we had not time to note, and many of them were
“not yet in flower.

324 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A considerable amount of hybridising is done in the collection, and Mr.
Stafford showed us a house full of healthy little seedlings in various stages,
including many choice crosses.

The Cattleya group is represented by healthy little plants which could
be counted by hundreds, and include such choice crosses as Lelia
tenebrosa X Cattleya aurea, Sophronitis grandiflora x C. Warscewiczii,
and S. grandiflora x L. Dayana, the latter being good sized plants. We
could have made a long list had time permitted.

The Cypripedium group was, as usual, well represented, the majority
being choice combinations, such as C. bellatulum x insigne Sandere, a few

‘mice little plants, C. bellatulum album x callosum Sander, small
seedlings, C. ciliolare x bellatulum, C. Charlesworthii x Morganize
burfordiense, a nice batch of seedlings, all having variegated foliage,
C. x Gowerianum magnificum x bellatulum, &c. There were also nice
seedlings derived from C. Charlesworthij X bellatulum, whose flowering is
awaited with interest, because of the fact that these two plants are known
to grow together in a wild state.

Other genera are also represented, and among them we must mention a
nice lot of Dendrobiums, the large ones of which were suspended in another
house, and growing in the most robust manner. It may be added that
Mr. Stafford’s experience with D. Wardianum agrees with that of those
hybridists who have failed to get good capsules on it.

A few seedlings have already flowered, and the next few years should
see a considerable accession to the ranks, both of flowered and unflowered
seedlings, as the work is being prosecuted with energy and success. Much
care is also taken in selecting combinations which are likely to yield good
results, itself a rather important matter. It is certainly, at the present, not
worth while crossing promiscuously, for a good deal of patience has to be
exercised in awaiting the results. Of course one cannot always foresee
what the result of a cross will be, but there are now plenty of examples as
to what to seek and what to avoid, and Mr. Hardy and his able gardener,
Mr. Stafford, have set about the work in a way that at all events deserves
success. The results must be left for the future to reveal.

SKETCHES vy. PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS. — ‘“‘ Those who have
studied the astonishing cuts called diagrammatic representations, the counter-
parts of which they vainly search for in nature, will be strongly in favour
of any method which reproduces an object so that it can be recognised, and
the tendency of the art of the present day seems to be in this direction,” —
American M. onthly Microscopic Journal,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 325

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM IN ITS NATIVE HOME.
By FLORENT CLAEs, Brussels.

I THINK I wrote in the Journal des Orchidées about the year 1890, that the
form of Odontoglossum crispum known under the name of the “ Pacho
type,” threatened to become extinct in the more or less immediate future:
Ten years have not yet elapsed, and we already appear to have arrived at
the end of the good collections which were formerly obtained in the region
properly called the Pacho district.

The supply of the species has been exhausted, not only by the persistent
hunt that has been carried on, but also in great part by the destruction of
the forests, for the creation of pastures and plantations of various kinds.
This is the reason why Odontoglossum crispum is rare there to-day, and
why, with twice as many men, it now takes longer to collect a hundred
plants than it did formerly to collect a thousand. How different it is now
from the time when the first collectors made their appearance at Pacho,
nearly forty years ago!

I may relate a story told me by the late Mrs, Bunch, who died only
three years ago. She was the wife of a rich colonist of English origin, who,
at the time in question, was proprietor, so to speak, of all the municipality
of Pacho.

“Funck and Schlim,” she told me, “were the first botanists who came
to Pacho in search of the famous plant, both of them ignorant that the
forest abounded in it. The forest at this period descended down to the foot
of the village. We accompanied these gentleman in their excursion, and
half an hour after starting, without our having cut down a single tree, we
returned with about ten peons bent down with the weight of ‘aquadigas ’—
the local name for Odontoglossum—which we had collected. Funck and
his companion rejected three-fourths of the plants, preserving only the very
Strongest pieces.”

The forests immediately around Pacho have now disappeared, owing to
the reasons given at the commencement of this article, and the
Odontoglossums which formerly grew there have in consequence totally
perished. The few. rare consignments of the true type which this forest
still gives from time to time, come from the remote or least accessible parts,
Which have escaped the search of the peons; or it may be because that part
of the forest has been carefully guarded by the proprietor, who knew that
the much coveted plants represented to him a little pot of money, if not a
small fortune. Sometimes, as the result of constant entreaties, he would
Permit the plants to be collected, for which he would naturally secure a very
§0od return.

“Only to think,” reflects he, pocketing his money, “ that each ‘oignon

326 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

(bulb) of these plants is returned to us in the form of medicine, and that
each little phial is sold again for five pesas’’ (twenty-five francs). Some-
times they say this ina loud tone, quite convinced that these plants are
used by us to make drugs.

In other cases the proprietor, after much hesitation, thinks that he
would realise a greater profit by exploiting the mountain himself, without
even suspecting that he may have been the victim of the greatest
deceptions. He thinks that he has only to take his axe in hand to be able
to return with cargoes of plants, and it is with great astonishment that he
finds out that others have been before him, cutting down the trees on a
large scale, and carrying off the plants unknown to himself, notwithstanding
all his vigilance.

This is a case which often occurs when the proprietor has refused,
notwithstanding the offer of a great indemnity, to allow the exploration of
his woods. The peons then enter by a neighbouring property, which itself
perhaps may not contain any plants, and to which they have obtained
access by the payment of a small fee, which allows them to enter, and
afterwards depart with the plants collected in the former.

When this proceeding fails to succeed—it may be because the property
or the woods are sufficiently isolated for the careful guarding of the main
outlets—they resort to strategy, to effect an entrance surreptitiously, one
by one, without attracting the attention of the sub-tenants, who occupy
or cultivate a plot of land in the hacienda (farm), concealing in theif
‘muchila” (a little bag made of Fourcroya fibre) their axes, concealed
under their food, and some clothing which they each carry for a week's
supply when out on a collecting expedition.

In groups as rocky as the Colombian Cordilleras there is always some
spot where the rocks are so precipitous, or cut so perpendicularly as to
produce giddiness, that all entrance or exit appears to be materially
impossible from that side. These places are usually inhabited, and in
consequence overlooked, but these are the places which are selected by the
peons, who work in the following manner.

A cable, made of lianas twisted together, is stretched obliquely, fixed at
one end to the summit, and at the other to the foot of the precipice, by 4
tree. :

The plants, carefully rolled in the ‘muchilas,’ are then passed along the
cable by means of a ring, and are sent to the bottom without receiving the
least injury from the projections of the rocks. There the plants are
received by one or two of the ‘associés,’ who are eager to put the booty in 4
safe place. The same manceuvres are repeated week by week, until the

mountain is perfectly cleared, and without the proprietor having received 4
penny benetit.

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 327

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.

The immense area over which Odontoglossum crispum grows can be
subdivided into three quite distinct regions. The first, having the village of
Pacho for its centre, is the region which yields the best round flowered
form, known in commerce as the “ Pacho type.” It extends on the one
hand between Pacho, Ubaté, Coper and San Cayetano, and on the other
hand between Sasaima, La Vega, Lupata and Pacho. All this region has
been searched and exploited, one might say up to its remotest corner, and
the peon would consider himself lucky who returned with twenty plants as
the fruits of a week’s work. The prevailing species of this region are O.
crispum, O. Lindleyanum, and O. gloriosum, associated with a few O.
luteopurpureum and O. Wallisii. The natural hybrids found here are
rather rare, but when one has the good fortune to find one it is often of
remarkable beauty.

The second region is formed by the Cordillera which extends between the
Rio Minero and Rio Suarez up to the Valle de Jésus. The upper part of
this region also yields a very good type of O. crispum, both for the form and
size of the flowers. The plants having small flowers, which we sometimes
meet with, come from the lower limits, that is to say the more temperate
region of the Cordillera. This plant is easily distinguished at the moment
of collecting. The peons, however, mix them with the others, thinking they
will pass unobserved, and thus augment the profits of their work. We
invariably reject them, though I have a strong conviction that when well
cultivated in a normal temperature, for three or four years perhaps, the
flowers would revert to the form and dimensions of the type which is found
from about 600 to 1302 feet higher up. ae

The experiment I think would be worth the trouble, because it 1s
undeniable that all have originated from the same stock. If I may express
it thus, I would say that we find ourselves in the presence of a plant only
degenerated by displacement from its true centre, not in that of another
altogether inferior species. Men and animals from northern regions do not
degenerate after a long sojourn in tropical latitudes. Do not their children
preserve the same vigour as in their original birthplace ! a

It is a small section of this region that has yielded the principal hybrids
which have appeared among the importations of recent years. I have ot
been able to prove that the natural hybrids which are principally met wit
at the extreme limits occur at an altitude where O. crispum grows In re-
latively small quantities, and where O. Lindleyanum and its variety am
andum largely predominate. And further, that O. gloriosum grows in suc
abundance that at the time of flowering the forest is literally scented with It.

In one of my excursions of this year I found O. coronarium Bo.
the same Cordillera with O. crispum, and also some rare examplesot VU.

328 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

triumphans. In another spot I found in great quantity O. gloriosum and
O. X Ruckerianum. The latter were generally poor varieties, and emitted
for the most part a perfume of hawthorn, which to me appeared to indicate
a cross between O. X Ruckerianum and O. gloriosum.

The third region is that where the Cordillera extendsitself towards La
Mesa, Arbelaiy, and Pasca, having Fusagasuga for its centre. From this
region come some beautiful O. x Wilckeanum, and the natural hybrids of O.
crispum which have the flowers spotted and blotched with violet. The O.
crispum found in this region have the flowers “ star shaped,’ and without
substance enough for cut flowers. It grows there in certain spots in
company with a distinct type of O. luteopurpureum, while O. gloriosum, O.
Lindleyanum and O. mirandum abound there with the same profusion as in
all the other Cordilleras before mentioned.

DIES ORCHIDIANZA.

A cuRIous fact seems to have come out respecting the remarkable
Eulophiella Peetersiana, namely that it was originally collected some half-
a-century ago (see note at page 258), and has laid at Paris ever since,
without attracting the least attention. It is certainly strange, but the facts
may be accepted, for it seems impossible that anyone could be mistaken
about the recognition of so distinct a plant. It would be interesting to
know a little more about the circumstances of its original discovery, and
what collectors have been there since, as suggested. I hope now that the
habitat is known we shall not have a raid made upon it, until the poor
plant is exterminated. The Isle de Nattes is a small place, and one can
only hope that the plant is as common as would appear from the note.

Two other scraps of information come out in the same note. One is
that another species of Eulophiella, having large white flowers, also exists
on the same small island, and the other that the now well-known E.
Elisabeth grows on the opposite coast of Madagascar. What do not such
facts portend? If such striking plants have so long escaped recognition,
what other novelties may there not be in the district yet undiscovered? In
the face of the present discovery it seems most unlikely that the locality is
yet exhausted.

Mention of the habitat of Eulophiella Elisabethz recalls the history of
that interesting plant (see my notes on the subject, vol. iii. pp. 101, 231)-
We know that there were a few “ young and very small plants left,” and I
suppose they have grown “ large enough to gather” by this time.
Whether any were gathered does not yet appear, but there would be the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 429

terrible ‘‘ Prot ocryptoferox”’ to be reckoned with, even after the consent of
the guardian ‘‘ brother-in-law” had been obtained (vide history). At all
events it is interesting to learn a little more about the habitat of the plant.

Another interesting event to which I have not yet specially referred is
the re-discovery of the beautiful Lelia Jongheana (ante, p. 173). The
plant had long been a desideratum in collections—almost a myth, some
would have regarded it, but for the fact that its portrait had appeared more
than once, and that at least one hybrid from it had been raised. These
facts seemed substantial enough, as well as its original history, and yet the
plant was to all intents and purposes lost sight of, so far as collections
generally were concerned, for about a quarter of a century. It seems now to
have come quite unexpectedly, for the plant which flowered with Mr.
Keeling was out of an importation sold a year previously by Messrs. F.
Sander & Co., as “ Lelia sp.,” but was recognised on being submitted to
Kew for determination. In any case Messrs. Sander must be congratulated
on its re-introduction, which will soon enable us to judge better of its
value for decorative purposes.

A short time ago a very pretty hybrid was figured in the Dictionnaire
Tconographique des Orchidées under the name of Cypripedium x Souvenir de
Roch Jolibois, Opoix. The Gardeners’ Chronicle in noticing the same
asked— Would it not be preferable to call it simply C. Jolibois x?”
(Sept. 16, p- 217). M. Cogniaux in the August number of the Chronique
Orchidéenne (p. 250) replies—the answer somehow seems to have got in
advance of the question, but never mind that :—‘‘ We think that our
influential London contemporary isright. It isa veritable abuse to inflict
upon us specific names composed of four or five words. In principle, the
specific part of the name should be limited to a single word—as an
exception we might even tolerate two words—and we are inclined to rank
ourselyes among those who propose to reject, or to consider as vated
all names in which the specific part comprises more than two words.

All this is distinctly promising. As my readers know, it is a question
Which I have been hammering at, on and off, and in almost every con-
ceivable form, for years. But let that pass. We are now nearly agreed that
the specific name should consist of only a single word. M. Cogniaux would
tolerate two words, in exceptional cases. I would stipulate that in such
exceptional cases the two words should invariably be joined by a hy; phen, as
in the case of Cattleya x Victoria-Regina, and perhaps M. Cogniaux would
not seriously dissent from this. Next comes the question of the form which
the single word should take. In the above case the Gardeners’ Chronicle

Ja? THE ORCHID REVIEW.

suggests “‘C. Jolibois’’ X as a suitable abbreviation. Very well, let us.
extend it to a few other similar cases, and see how it works out :—

C. X Mrs. F. L. Ames becomes C. X Ames— why not Amesiz ?
C. X Mons. Elysée Descombes = C. X Descombes— ,, ,, Descombesii?
C. x Mdlle. Gabriel Moens s C. x Moens— » 9 Moensize?
C. X Alfred Hollington re C. x Hollington— ,, ,, Hollingtonii?
C. X Winifred Hollington C. x Hollington— ,, ,, Hollingtonia?

These are all primary Betidis which according to the R.H.S. rules
should receive Latinised names, and in just the same way C. X Joliboisi,
not C. X Jolibois, is the name which should be adopted. I need not repeat
here the objections which I have previcusly urged against the use of the
vernacular, some of which are obvious enough. The above are only
given as general examples, without reference to questions of priority, &c.,
which in some cases would have to be considered.

And now, with such a consensus of opinion as to the desirability of
improvement, why can we not proceed to apply the principle in future ?
ARGUS.

THE CULTURE OF ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM.
In your article in the last number of the Orchid Review on the Culture of
Odontoglossum crispum (p. 307), you invite an expression of opinion on
the culture of this lovely Orchid. I have about three thousand plants of
Odontoglossum under my charge, the majority being O. crispum, which
my employer is extremely fond of. Our houses are lean-to’s, two of them
facing north, and three others facing west, and we have always found that
our plants do equally well in either position, the only difference being that
the plants facing west make shorter and sturdier foliage—the result of more
light. We use our ventilators very freely in favourable weather, and the
bottom ones, which open against the hot-water pipes, are never closed. AS
to watering Odontoglossums, that must depend on the state the plants are
in, and the season of the year. I think the present time is the most critical
"for watering, as the majority of the plants were potted—or should have
been—in September, and the roots have not penetrated the fresh compost
far enough to get water too freely, but on the other hand I am not a believer
in keeping Odontos too dry during the winter months, as it is then they
are in active growth. I think a great mistake with some growers is that
they go far beyond the happy medium, and err too much on the dry side in
the winter, not only at the roots, but in the air, just at the time when the
plants want to be kept going. A nice growing temperature, about 50° by
night, with a fall of five degrees in the morning, if the weather is very cold,
suits them admirably.
ORCHIDIST.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 331

VARIATION IN CAPSULES OF PAPHIOPEDILUM
CONCOLOR—A POSSIBLE CAUSE.

SOME time ago we received a photograph of a plant of Paphiopedilum
concolor in the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool,
carrying seven seed pods, which showed a remarkable amount of variation
between themselves. They were accompanied by the following interesting
note :—

I have at the present time a plant of Paphiopedilum concolor carrying
seven seed-pods. The pollen parents are as follows :—

I. P. X Godseffianum ..._ Date of hybridising, Feb. 21, 1898.
2. P.barbatum nigrum _... ss aA Mar. 22°. -,,
3. P. xX Harrisianum superbum _,, ” July. 18,
4. P. X cenanthum ae y ” Aug. 3)»
aes x 2 is ¥ $9 %» »
6. P. Curtisii roseum unk 9 » ” ”
7. P. xX Charlesworthii... ’ Sept. 5»

My reason for doing this will, I think, stand the test of criticism. First
of all, it is an interesting and instructive experiment to see how the plant
comes out of the ordeal. Secondly, it is no certainty that a plant of P.
concolor will survive very long even if not hybridised. And, lastly, from a
financial point of view, it would not take many seedlings from any one of
these crosses to recoup me for any loss, should the plant perish. To look at
it now, there is not the smallest appearance of damage.

Another interesting fact has by this means been brought to my notice.
The seed-pods on this plant of P. concolor vary considerably according to
_ the pollen parent used. Those formed under the action of P.x cenanthum
are exactly alike, and are decidedly thin, as though the seeds would be
small in quantity. That for which P. X Harrisianum superbum is respon-
sible is longer and somewhat stouter. While those due to the pollen of P.
X Godsefianum, P. barbatum, P. Curtisii roseum, and P. Charlesworthii
are short and very fat, as though bursting with seed. It follows that a
Sketch of the seed-pod of P. concolor might easily be misleading, and if P.

Concolor, why not others ?
REGINALD YOUNG.

Liverpool.

In due time the pods ripened, and the seeds were sown, the cd
Capsules being carefully labelled, and forwarded for inspection. e
Variation is considerable, both in length and thickness. The latter a
may possibly be partly dependent upon the number or quality of the seeds,
but for the former, at all events, some other explanation must be sought. The
Capsule 3 (from P. x Harrisianum) measures 15 lines (omitting the beak and

332 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

pedicel), while 1 (from P. X Godseffianum) and 2 (from P. barbatum) only
measure g lines; 6 (from P. Curtisii) and 7 (from P. Charlesworthii)
measure Io lines; and, lastly, 4 and 5 (both from P. X cenanthum) are
about aline longer. The seeds of 4 and 5 are marked as ‘“‘very poor,” and
of r “poor.” There is also a variation in the period of ripening, varying
from nine months in 4 and 5, to 13 months in 1 and 6, but the significance
of this is not so apparent as it would have been if all had been pollinated
on the same date. ,

As to the cause of this variation we can at present only offer one
suggestion; namely, the possible influence of the pollen parent. That
such an influence is sometimes exerted—on the seed envelopes (e.g. in the
orange) and integuments (e.g. Lilium) has been stated, but some have
regarded the evidence as inconclusive, and it would be interesting if a series
of experiments were instituted to test the point. Species which possess
some distinctive peculiarity in the sculpture of the seeds, or in the shape
and colour of the fruit, would be suitable subjects for such experiments.
It is interesting to note that, so far as the present genus is concerned, Mr.
Young is making the experiment of intercrossing certain species, controlling
the same by self-fertilising both parents, in order to know what the normal
capsule is like, and that the results will be published hereafter.

As regards the result to the particular plant of P. concolor, Mr. Young
adds that it still looks as well as ever, being now carrying a fresh pod (the
pollen parent P. x Eyermanianum var. Hermione), a bud just about to
open, and another which will be a little later.

CATTLEYA PORPHYROGLOSSA.
SOME time ago a question was asked by Mr. E. A. Orpet, South Lancaster,
Mass., as to the identity of Cattleya Dijanceana, a supposed natural hybrid
obtained from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., and which was one parent of some
seedlings he has raised. The following note of a plant exhibited at a
meeting of the R.H.S. on September 8th, 1891, seems to afford the
necessary clue :—‘‘ Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, exhibited ‘
an extraordinary small form of Cattleya granulosa called C. g. Dijanceana-
The flowers of this form are much smaller than those of the type; sepals
and petals green and unspotted, the side lobes of the lip are white, and the
middle lobe reduced to a narrow, warted, rose-coloured blade; the column
is yellow tipped with purple” (Gard. Chron., 1801, x., p- 310). This plant
is evidently C. porphyroglossa, Rchb. f., which was introduced from the
province of Minas Geraes, by Messrs. Sander, and flowered in their
establishment in August and September, 1891.
R. A. R.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 333
ORCHIDS AT BRADFORD.

A very interesting establishment which we had the pleasure of visiting at the
end of May last, is the Nursery of Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., at Heaton,
Bradford, which has long occupied a very important position in the north of
England. An account of the establishment was given in our second volume
(pp: 212-213), and since that time there is plenty of evidence that great
progress has been made.

In the first house which we entered there was a good display of flowers,
and still more in bud, for in such a locality the lateness of the season could
not fail to have a marked effect. We noted, however, among other things,
a nice lot of Masdevallia Veitchiana making a brilliant display, half-a-dozen
plants of the rare M. racemosa nicely in flower, M. ephippium, good
examples of the rare M. Schlimii, M. macrura, M. coccinea, M. X
Courtauldiana and M. X Curlei, Cattleyas Skinneri and Schilleriana, : the
brilliant Cochlioda Ncetzliana, Odontoglossum cordatum, some good broad
forms of O. crispum, one of which had a purple blotch at the base of the
sepals and petals, Epidendrum porphyreum, &c. Here was also an interest-
Ing hybrid derived from E. Frederici-Gulielmi ¢ and E. radicans ¢, though
it had not yet reached its full development. There were also good plants of
a hybrid derived from E. Cooperianum and E. X O’Brienianum ¢, and
many other interesting plants which must be passed over.

In one of the Cattleya houses was a fine lot of C. Mo
flower, one plant bearing five spikes and an aggregate of seventeen large and
richly coloured flowers being quite a picture. The varieties Wageneri and
Reineckiana were also good. There were also good batches of Lelia
purpurata and Miltonia vexillaria, the handsome Broughtonia sanguinea,
Lelia Cowanii in sheath, a hybrid derived from Lelia purpurata ¢ and
Cattleya Gaskelliana g in bud for the first time, also good plants of Lelio-
cattleya X eximia, from the reverse cross, L.-c. X Duvaliana (L. purpurata
xX C. Lueddemanniana), and an interesting hybrid from L.-c. X elegans
crossed with Cattleya x Brymeriana.

In other houses we noted a nice batch
P. X Norman, good forms of Cypripedium bell
batch of C. x superciliare, the handsome
Zygopetalum Gautieri, Lycaste cruenta and L.
grandiflora, Epidendrum atropurpureum, a fine specimen of Cochlioda
Sanguinea with twelve spikes, and other interesting things. Among these
some of the hybrids should be mentioned. Lelia Xx cinnabrosa was
represented by a few good plants in flower and bud, Epilalia x radico-
purpurata was also out, together with light and dark forms of a hybrid
between Epidendrum X O’Brienianum ? and E. vitellinum ¢ .

ssiz in bud and

of Phaius Wallichii, the handsome
atulum and C. niveum, a nice
Cattleya x Louis Chaton,
Lawrenceana, Maxillaria

334 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Hybrids seedlings are now oneof the special features of the establishment,
for some years ago Mr. Charlesworth took up this branch of the subject, and
he has now many thousands of plants in all stages, some of them having
already reached the flowering stage. Mr. Charlesworth has effected a large
number of remarkable crosses, and he has also been particularly successful
in raising the seedlings, and some which he showed us were germinating
like the proverbial ‘‘mustard and cress,” which is largely the result of a
series of careful experiments which have been made. We were able to
examine quantities of seedlings in every stage of germination up to the
production of roots and leaves, after which with ordinary care they may
be considered safe. A seedling house, 130 feet long, contains thousands of
plants in the healthiest condition, and from there they seem to have
overflowed into the other houses, until one wonders where room will be
found for them, as they continually require more space as they increase in
size.

We may mention here a few of the interesting crosses noted :—Lelia
cinnabarina X Cattleya Dowiana aurea should prove good, and showed
signs of developing a sheath. L. tenebrosa x C. x Hardyana was represented
by nice plants, also L. cinnabarina xX C. Triane, L. purpurata X
C. Dowiana, has been effected more than once, and some of the plants are
quite large. There is also a fine series of Lelia Digbyana crosses, from
which much is expected. Cattleya Forbesii x C. Dowiana is an
interesting cross which is represented by good plants, also C. Leopoldi
crossed with both Sophronitis grandiflora and Epidendrum vitellinum.
There is also L. tenebrosa x E. vitellinum, and Sophronitis grandiflora
crossed with both L. tenebrosa and L. cinnabarina. — S. grandiflora indeed
is represented by a fine series of crosses of great promise. Dendrobium
crosses are numerous, and include some very promising combinations.
Cymbidium eburneum x C. Lowianum concolor is represented by good
plants, besides which there are many hybrid Thunias, Cypripediums of the
best crosses, &c. The crosses themselves run into hundreds, and most of
them have been made with some definite object. Lelia tenebrosa x
Schomburgkia tibicinis may fairly be included among curious crosses, and
it will be interesting to see what the flowers are like. Lelia cinnabarina X
Epidendrum atropurpureum and E. prismatocarpam should also prove
curious, also L. tenebrosa crossed with the species last named.

Of the seedlings which have already flowered, paintings have been
preserved, and these, together with various choice varieties which have
flowered in the establishment, form a handsome series, which will become
increasingly valuable as time goes on. )

Several very interesting plants were pointed out by Mr. Charlesworth. For
example, a plant of Odontoglossum x Wilckeanum, said to be the original

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 335

plant named by Reichenbach, and which had been obtained from the
Continent, the rare O. lepidum, a good plant of Miltonia x Peetersiana,
some plants of Cattleya x Hardyana collected when in flower, and nice
plants of Cypripedium bellatulum album and C. Lawrenceanum Hyeanum.
It would be easy to increase the list, did space permit, and we can only add
in conclusion that the general stock comprises most of the well known
things, in excellent condition. The stock of hybrids far exceeded our
expectations. They are indeed an extensive and remarkable series, and
include many which we shall doubtless have to speak of hereafter, as they
reach the flowering stage.

THE HYBRIDIST.
P UM X HITCHINSIA.

a.
THIs is a new and very charming hybrid from Paphiopedilum insigne
montanum crossed with the pollen of P. Charlesworthii. It is sent from
the collection of Arthur S. Hitchins, Esq., Clyton, St. Austell, and is
named after that gentleman’s daughter, Miss Irene Hitchins. About a
dozen seedlings were raised, two of which are flowering, and the first to
expand has been kindly sent for our inspection. The plant is fairly inter-
mediate in character, having narrow bright green leaves, and a scape six
inches high, while the characters of both parents are apparent enough in
the flower. The dorsal sepal is broadly rounded, slightly concave, folded at
the apex, as in the seed parent, 2 inches broad by 1} inches long, white with
the exception of a small green area at the base, and bearing about seventeen
tows of pretty rose-purple spots, of which the central one alone extends to
the apex, the others running out about the middle, and having a broad
clear white area on either margin. The petals are horizontal, ri inches
long by 4 an inch broad, and light green, beautifully reticulated with light
brown, thus strongly resembling the pollen parent, to which the lip also
bears a strong resemblance. The staminode is most like that of the seed
parent, but rather smaller, more concave, and paler, with a very prominent
yellow tooth in the centre. Inthe dorsal sepal it may be compared with a
well spotted P. x Leeanum, but the influence of P. Charlesworthii comes
out strongly in other parts, and it is quite possible that the rose-colour of
the dorsal sepal may come out stronger in other seedlings. It appears to
have a good constitution, and ought to become as popular as the beautiful P.
X Leeanum. This plant has been kept in the East India house for some
time in order to hasten the flower, but the remainder, which have been
§rown cooler, are said to have the leaves deeper green in colour. We know
of other seedlings of the same cross, but believe they will not flower this
Season, and we must congratulate Mr. Hitchins on his success.

336 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

PHRAGMIPEDILUM X GERALDA.

This is a very pretty hybrid which has been raised in the collection of
Mr. W. D. Rockefeller, by Mr. William Turner, from S. Lindleyanum
crossed with the pollen of S. caudatum, and combines well the characters
of its two parents. The scape is three-flowered, and the flowers smaller
than those of P. X grande, to which it bears a general resemblance. The
dorsal sepal is ovate-lanceolate, with a strongly reflexed crenate margin,
and the colour greenish yellow. The petals are pendulous, about five inches
long, half an inch wide at the base and narrowed towards the apex, and the
colour yellowish, with brown-crimson veins except near the base. The lip
most resembles that of P. caudatum, the colour being brownish green, with
darker veins, and the infolded side lobes finely dotted with brown-crimson.
The staminode is intermediate in character. It is described by Mr. Oakes

Ames in a recent number of American Gardening (Sept. 23, p. 654), as -
Selenipedium X Geralda—being dedicated to Mrs. Rockefeller,—but it is

now known that this generic name _belongs to the tall foliose species of
which S, palmifolium is the type.
L#LIO-CATTLEYA X ETHELWALD.

AN interesting hybrid from the collection of the Rev. F. Paynter, Stoke
Hill, Guildford, derived from Cattleya Gaskelliana x Laelia Boothiana, and
somewhat resembling Lzlio-cattleya x Gottoiana. The sepals and petals
are rosy-lilac, and the lip, which shows the influence of the Lelia parent in
its crisped margin, is rosy-lilac, veined with purple in front, and

passing into orange-colour in the centre, and red at the base.—O’Brien in |

Gard. Chron., Oct. 7, p. 273.
PAPHIOPEDILUM X HELVETIA.

A HYBRID from the collection of John Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey,
which was purchased from M. Otto Froebel, of Switzerland, and exhibited
at the meeting of the Manchester Orchid Society on September 21st last
as Cypripedium seedling. The parentage is believed to have been
C. Chamberlainianum x philippinense. The dorsal sepal is broadly ovate,
acuminate, pale apple green with a_ white margin, and about a dozen
blotched chocolate-purple lines radiating from the base. The petals are
three inches long, decurved and reflexed at the tips, twisted, and bearing on
the undulate margin ciliated warted protuberances, the colour being
greenish white, profusely spotted with chocolate-purple. The lip is pale
yellow at the base and the edges of the side lobes, tinged with rose in front,
and spotted inside with purple; and the staminode cushion-shaped,
emerald green, and shading off to yellowish green at the margin, which
bears a conspicuous fringe of blackish hairs.—Cypripedium x Helvetia,
O’Brien in Gard. Chron., Oct. 7; D. 273.

©

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3
LAELIA x NIGRESCENS,

WE are now able to give an illustration of the pretty little Lelia xX
nigrescens, reproduced from a photograph, kindly sent by Mr. E. A. Orpet,
of the plant described at page 291 of our last issue—and here we may remark
that by some inexplicable blunder, which was only discovered too late for
correction, the plant appeared as “‘ Lzlio-cattleya” instead of Lelia, which
our readers are requested to correct. Mr. Orpet states that it received a
Certificate from the Massachusetts Horticultural Society under the name of
Lelia x Alpha, which name was given under the impression that it had not
previously been recorded, and in allusion to the fact that is was the first of

Fic..17. LAELIA X NIGRESCENS.

over 1,000 seedlings to bloom. The way it combines the characters oe
two parents will be at once apparent, it being most like L. ais , with 9
sepals and petals considerably elongated. It is a very pretty little plant, and
in view of the fact that but little over three years had elapsed from ee
f scwing the seed when the first flower appeared, jor Ai ar “a
improve considerably when it becomes stronger. We believe that Ag

other hybrids atl. Seiabcins may be expected to flower very shortly, a
§00d many crosses were made with it during the first few years =
introduction, which event dates from a decade ago.

338 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

AUTUMN-FLOWERING Orchids are appearing in quantity, and our collections
are gay with the brilliant old Cattleya labiata, ina way which a few years
ago would have been thought impossible. The first flowers of Cypripedium
insigne are also expanding, and some of its hybrids are again in evidence.
Vanda ccerulea is another beautiful Orchid specially characteristic of this
season, and its charming lilac-blue flowers are always welcome. Then we
have the handsome Dendrobium Phalznopsis and D. formosum, together
with Lelia autumnalis, while the first flowers of Sophronitis grandiflora
have again put in an appearance, and this species will be more or less in
evidence for the next six months. Altogether there are good prospects of a
bright display of flowers during the month, and the only drawback is that
the fogs seem to have set in rather early, and in some urban localities,
where they are usually accompanied by smoke and deleterious gases, the
buds of some tender species have suffered.

Several interesting Orchids are sent from the collection of A. Baxter,
Esq., of Morecambe, by Mr. Roberts. Odontoglossum crispum Bassano,
purchased in flower the other day, after receiving an Award of Merit from
the R.H.S., is a fine white, with a large red-brown blotch on the lip, and
a very dark column, the flower sent showing also a single blotch and a
slight purple stain on each lateral sepal. Other forms include a prettily
spotted variety, and one flushed with rose in the sepals and petals. There
is also a very large and handsomely marked form of O. grande, and the
beautiful Oncidium Forbesii, which is seen at its best just now.
Lycaste leucantha is characterised by having white petals and lip with
green sepals. The warm house is represented by Miltonia Roezlii and
Phalznopsis Aphrodite, both in excellent condition.

A particularly large and handsome form of Lelio-cattleya X Schilleriana
is sent from the collection of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno
(gr. Mr. Axtell). It was received from Brazil, with some others, as L.-c. X
elegans, but, as Mr. Broome points out, the lip bears a strong resemblance
to Lelia purpurata. The fact is the lip is nearly entire, a character
occasionally found in this hybrid; and the other parent, Cattleya intermedia,
is too similar in colour to effect much modification in this respect. A
very light coloured form of L.-c. x Sallieri is also enclosed, which
shows equal evidence of good cultivation.

A very richly coloured form of Cattleya X Hardyana is sent from the
collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., The Woodlauds, Streatham, under the
name of C. gigas Sandere, “ an old variety now not often seen.” We have
not traced when this name frst appeared, but the colouring of the lip and
the erect petals leave no doubt of its relation to C. Dowiana. The petals

.
.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 339

are short, very broad, and of a rich rose-purple, and the lip is of the deepest
crimson-purple, which colour extends round the side lobes to near the base.
On either side of the throat is a large deep yellow blotch, with some golden
veining on the disc. It is clearly a form of the beautiful but variable hybrid
between C. Dowiana aurea and C. W iczii. An inflorescence of
Cattleya intermedia is also sent, cut from a plant whose longest bulbs are 14
feet long. It had previously been taken for Lelio-cattleya x elegans,
probably on this account.

A fine flower of the handsome Cattleya X Mantinii nobilior, taken from
an inflorescence of six, is sent from the collection of W. Vanner, Esq.,
Camden Wood, Chislehurst, by Mt. Robbins; together with a very large and
richly coloured form of C. labiata, called C. ]. heatonense, and a very
brilliant form of C. x Hardyana obtained from Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.’s
importations. The latter has very dark sepals and petals, the latter slightly
mottled along the centre and veined near the margin, and the lip very
richly coloured. A remarkable form of Lzlio-cattleya X Schilleriana is also
enclosed, in which the elongated sepals and petals are irregularly splashed
with rose, also the side lobes of the unusually elongated entire lip.

OBITUARY.

Henry GREENwoop.— The Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society has lost one of its original founders, in the person of Henry
Greenwood, Esq., of Highfield, near Haslingden. Mr. Greenwood was a
warm supporter of the Society, anda frequent exhibitor at its meetings ;
also a member of the Orchid Committee from the commencement. His
collection contained many choice varieties and hybrids, and his name 1S
commemorated in one of the latter, Lelio-cattleya x Henry Greenwood,
which was adjudged to be the best new generic hybrid exhibited oan
Ghent Show last year. It was raised by M. Ch. Maron, from Lzlio-cattleya
X Schilleriana 2 and Cattleya x Hardyana ¢-
SYDNEY a Ae ae to hear of the death of Sydney er
Esq., at his residence, Bocking Place, Braintree, Essex, on October ati
The deceased gentleman, who was in his sixtieth year, was aes is e
Council of the Royal Horticultural Society, in whose welfare he ha i
taken a great interest. He was a great lover and successful a 4
Orchids, and the possessor of a very rich collection of Masdevallias, pas
may be described as a special hobby of his. His name will be Ys on
in connection with his favourite group, for Masdevallia x sarge =
very distinct and pretty hybrid which was raised in the rthil
N.C, Cookson, Esq, from M. rosea and M. caudata Shuttleworth.

340 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

LAELIO-CATTLEYA xX VERELII.

AN interesting natural hybrid Leelio-cattleya has just flowered in the
collection of F. W. Vérel, Esq., The Grange, Newlands, near Glasgow.
It was purchased two years ago from Messrs. John Cowan & Co., of
Liverpool, as ‘‘ Lelia amanda,” but on flowering for the first time, proves
to be different. Lzelio-cattleya x amanda is believed to be a natural
hybrid between Cattleya intermedia and Lelia Boothiana, which is found
where these two species grow together in some locality in Southern Brazil.
Lelia Boothiana is evidently one parent of the present hybrid, but the other
is as clearly Cattleya Forbesii, for the shape of the lip as well as the yellow
disc and the characteristic veining, are all strongly stamped upon the
hybrid, much in the same way as in Lelio-cattleya x Regine (p. 310)
which also has C. Forbesii for one parent. In the same district C. Forbesii
and C. intermedia also intercross, producing the natural hybrid C. X
Krameriana (for which C. x Isabella is perhaps an earlier name), so that
the present hybrid completes the possible combinations between the three
species. The flower is fairly intermediate in shape, and measures 54 inches
across its broadest diameter. The sepals are seven lines broad, and the
more lanceolate petals eleven lines, the colour being lilac-purple with
rather darker veins. The lip is 2} inches long, and trilobed, with the
strongly infolded side lobes flattened, as in C. Forbesii, and the colour and
veining externally similar to the sepals and petals. The front lobe is an
inch broad, by half as long, and the colour lilac-purple, with numerous
radiating rose-purple lines, and a zone of similar colour at the top of the
throat, and extending round the apex of the side lobes. The disc is light
yellow, veined with reddish purple, in the way so characteristic of C.
Forbesii. The column also most resembles this species in shape, and
is suffused and veined with purple, while the pollinia are eight in number,
four being large and four small, as in all hybrids between the two genera.
It is precisely what one might expect to get by crossing the two species
together » and it would be interesting to have the parentage confirmed by
direct experiment. Whether the hybrid now appears for the first time, I
am a little uncertain, but if not it has probably been passed over a5
L.-c. X amanda, which itself is hardly yet properly understood. Reichen-
bach called it ‘a very fine Lelia, no doubt a hybrid, to judge from the
unequal pollinia, which suggests a Cattleya parentage,” adding, “ What
sa i parents ? There is no difficulty in thinking of Cattleya intermedia,
pee nicht x the lip. The other parent may have been Lzlia CHS
ah Bienes — eka P- 776). Messrs. Veitch added L. Boothiana =
plant figured tb ee mares ws scarcely be a doubt that te
| e€ Orchid Album (iii. t. 135) is derived from this

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 341

parentage, but I have twice seen so-called amanda’s that I suspected were
different, but passed them over as possible varieties, hybrids being
notoriously variable. These I hope to be able to examine again. It is an
interesting but rather tedious process to clear up the history and parentage
of some of these natural hybrids.

R, A. ROLFE.

CATTLEYA x MINUCIA.

Tuis is a very pretty hybrid, which was raised by Messrs. James Veitch &
Sons, from C. Loddigesii @ and C.‘ Warscewiczii 3, and first flowered in
1892. A year later Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co. exhibited two pretty hybrids
under the names of C. xX Johnsoniana and C. X Ashtoniana, which were
said to have been obtained from C. Harrisoniz ? and C. Warscewiczii 3,
and chiefly differed in colour. Good flowers of these are sent by Messrs:
Hugh Low & Co., who point out the strong general resemblance they bear
toC. X Minucia, and after comparing them together we are driven to the
conclusion that they are varieties of the same. All show strong evidence of
Cescent from C. Loddigesii, and the way that the names of this Cattleya and
C. Harrisoniana (an older name for Harrisonie) have been transposed in
collections would easily account for the way the parentage was recorded.
When a hybrid between true C. Harrisoniana and C. Warscewiczil appears,
it will probably show some trace of the yellow corrugated disc of the former,
but in those named above the disc is smooth and pale yellow, as in C.
Loddigesii.

FLOWERING OF CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZII.

It seems to be generally agreed that this fine species, with it ally C.
Dowiana, and the beautiful natural hybrid between them, C. X Hardyana,
have flowered extremely well this year. Mr. H. Reed, of Cassiobury,
Watford, in a communication to the Gardeners’ Chronicle, of October 14th
(p. 289), remarks of the former :—‘ Probably the fine bright autum of last
year had something to do with the extraordinary flowering of ee
Warscewiczii this year, by getting the growths well ripened. We ha a

strong breaks, and the sunny weather finished them off well, making the
flowering of the plants this season quite out of the common. We had of oa
cent. of our plants in flower, and many with seven blooms on 4 so €, :
great many with five and six, very few having less than four large b e

The present autumn has also been very favourable, but will this fine

flowering be repeated next year?

342 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR NOVEMBER.
By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham. .

ALLOow the thermometers to register a few degrees lower than those given for
last month. Avoid as far as possible a hot, dry, and close state of the
atmosphere, which is detrimental to the health of the plants, and
conducive to the free growth of thrips, red spider, and other undesirable
pests. Distribute moisture for evaporation in strict accordance with the
amount of fire heat used to maintain the required degree of warmth, and do
not neglect to put on ventilation at all times when possible.

This is the month for fogs, and Orchids which bloom at this season will
consequently suffer more or less from their effects. I refer chiefly to
Orchids grown in large towns, for the fogs of country places, which are
free from smoke, and the products of combustion, are in no way injurious,
but on the other hand are somewhat beneficial. - The evil effects of town
fogs may be lessened considerably if the ventilators are kept tightly closed
during the time they are on, and an abundance of moisture in the
atmosphere maintained until it lifts.

It is remarkable how the Cool house Orchids have responded to the
cooler conditions of the weather since the great heat has passed away. It
was impossible, of course, during that time to maintain conditions
thoroughly agreeable to them, and one could only do his best to keep their
surroundings as cool as he possibly could without unduly drawing growth
by keeping them too dark. Now, however, things have changed, and we
have the pseudobulbs once more assuming their usual plumpness, and the
foliage that dark green colour which clearly denotes strength and vigour.
Avoid excessive watering at this season. I fear that cool Orchids generally
get overwatered during the winter months. If the plants are well rooted,
it is remarkable what a little water is required to maintain these plants in @
healthy state, that is, of course, supposing that the ventilation is well
attended to, and the hot water pipes only heated when such heat is
required, and then sufficient only to assure the desired temperature.

; A good many of the autumn and winter blooming Oncidiums are now
- ape or in flower, such for instance as the old and favourite
species, O. varicosum, O, tigrinum, O. Forbesii, O. ornithorynchum, a
eae "lt career I generally find that if these pa
thereto ss r they are alright in the coolest house, and may oe
Gos. iy : rest for the remainder of the winter. But 1 oe
than this es t a ee ee gn a a
chance of sth as 5 ee © nemiet them on:and Be goo
of getting the easy agate petteg pieity..00d . lanes = he
y strain of blooming over more quickly, so that :

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 343

plants may enjoy that winter’s rest which it is so essential that these
species should have. This applies also to some other cool Orchids
that are now in spike, as Odontoglossum Edwardii and O. ramosissimum.
O. grande and O. Insleayi will now have finished blooming, and should
be allowed to rest. The proper application of the term ‘ rest ’ is somewhat
difficult to many beginners in Orchid culture, because the natural require-
ments of the different species and genera vary so greatly in this respect. It
isa point on which a good many are apt to go a little wrong, and which
has to be largely learnt by experience and practice. When this is gained, it
is at once seen how simple the term is, and its due application to each
individual species is less difficult. Some of our Dendrobiums and similar
Orchids are, as we know, rested most rigorously, and with capital results,
but when we speak of resting such species as Oncidiums and Odonto-
glossums, it must not be taken as meaning that the same rigorous measures
should be dealt out to them, but that they should be kept partially dry, and
be allowed to repose in a quiet unexciting temperature, with only sufficient
Water at the roots to maintain plumpness. It is difficult to lay down rules
on the subject, because the species, even of the same genus, often vary in
their natural requirements, but a little observation will soon enable one to
hit off the proper treatment. Avoid overdoing it, however, for it is possible
to do as much harm in this way, as by keeping them active the whole year
round,

The beautiful Dendrobium Phalzenopsis is now making a grand show.
It isa most useful and desirable species to grow, and anyone having the
convenience of a warm stove may cultivate it most successfully, but failing
that warmth it is not an easy one to succeed with for any length of time.
Like all other Dendrobes it greatly dislikes large pans, pots, or baskets,
Which necessitate much compost round the roots, and this fact must strictly
be borne in mind when re-potting old plants, or potting up newly imported
Ones; the smaller the receptacles the better. They should always be
Suspended if possible. A large importation has lately come to hand, and no
doubt most growers will take the opportunity of adding a few more strong,
healthy plants to their stock. When secured they should straightway be
Potted up, pans or baskets just large enough to cram in the base of i
Pseudobulbs and roots being selected. They should be neatly wired wit
Strong galvanized wire, so that the tall, stout pseudobulbs may be secured
quite firmly, thus preventing the plant from swaying about when are
They should be suspended in the warm house, and kept moist, but no effort
Should be made to unduly force them into growth, either by strong heat
°r too much water. They will gradually emit new breaks from the base o
the pseudobulbs, and eventually new roots will appear. This will happen
early in the new year, when a little compost of peat and sphagnum moss

344 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

should be placed round the base, and the supplies of water gradually
increased. Fine growths will then be formed during the ensuing summer,
producing in their turn a most beautiful show of flowers.

Pleiones, having finished blooming, will start growing away at once, and
therefore should not be kept too dry from now, henceforth. They should be
suspended not far away from the glass in a cool temperature, where they
will make slow but sturdy headway. If any require repotting it should be
be done without delay, before the roots get far advanced.

Odontoglossum citrosmum will now be finishing up its new
pseudobulbs, and so must enjoy a long, dry rest, receiving sufficient water
only to keep the pseudobulbs from becoming unduly shrivelled. This will
ensure free blooming the following spring. This species always grow best
in intermediate temperature, and will also do well in the Cool house, but
when subjected to the latter treatment the new pseudobulbs have a natural
tendency to be very late before being completed.

The beautiful little Sophronitis grandiflora, which is so cheering during
the dull months, has also the above habit of becoming late when grown vely
cool during winter, and when so it is better to treat it to the Intermediate
house. Keep this species moist at the roots until the blooming period is
over.

Cattleya Bowringiana, when well grown, takes a lot of beating for
flowering at this season. Spindly pseudobulbs, that can produce only two oF
three flowers, are scarcely worth blooming, but with fine, stout ones carrying
say from ten to twenty blossoms it is quite another thing, and especially is it
- when the variety happens to be of the finest order. Most Cattleyas revel
” fairly large supplies of water when making new growth, but with the
species in question it is necessary to be always on the guard against getting
the compost too saturated, for I find if this happens, a peculiar disease, in
the shape of dark coloured markings on the new leaves and pseudobulbs, is
apt to appear, and I have known the latter to rot completely off. Ido not
mean that it is necessary to starve it when growing for the want of sufficient
Water to enable it to build up strong, sturdy pseudobulbs. This would be
equally as bad as the former, and of this method I have seen some
examples. Simply avoid much water.

Lelia ancéps and its varieties, together with the not less beautiful
L. autumnalis, L. Gouldiana, L. furfuracea, and L. Eyermaniana, ate ail
producing their flower spikes freely, and: should be pretty liberally watered
until blooming is past. No doubt the particularly hardy syste™ Z
treatment which has previously been mentioned in the Calendars works out
extremely well tregarding L. anceps, and is the only way to gain the very
best results, The same may be urged regarding the other species named,
excepting that they will not successfully withstand the same amount d

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 345

fierce, bright sunshine, and should therefore be provided with more shade
during the summer ; and regarding that pretty little species, Lelia albida,
the above advice should never be forgotten.

Epidendrum vitellinum I always find grows best in the coolest house
during summer, and enjoys a fair amount of moisture, but it does not keep
its foliage free from spots and blemishes in all cool structures during the
winter months. It is one of these Mexican Orchids, and consequently
capable of roughing it a good deal, especially during the winter or resting
season. Should, therefore, the cool house be a particularly shady and moist
one, the plants would be best removed to a drier, though not necessarily
warmer department. The same remarks will also apply to the pretty little
Odontoglossums, Rossii and Cervantesii, should the new foliage show
signs of immature decay at the apex.

The genus Phalenopsis, where well grown, will this month yield its
harvest of beautiful flowers. What can possibly satisfy the most fastidious
lover of flowers better than a well-grown spike of either P. Schilleriana or
P. amabilis? Because this genus does not respond readily to artificial
cultivation, the modern grower of Orchids usually gives it a wide berth.
This may, of course, not be due directly to the fact that Phalznopsis has
got the name of a miffy doer. It may be attributed, of course, to the
arrival in recent years of so many new and grand species, and hybrids of
Various genera, which have to some extent ousted them. Be that as it may,
Phalznopsis still hold their own, and not one recent introduction, with the
exception of Dendrobium Phalznopsis, can hold a candle to them for grace
and beauty. I know well enough that Phalenopsis have got the reputation
of being bad growers on the whole, yet curiously enough they are no
trouble whatever to grow in the neighbourhood of London. This may be
accounted for I think in two ways, either it is that soot acts on them as a
beneficial fertilizer, or it may be that the fact of the flowers rarely opening
(the fogs causing the buds to drop) prevents them from becoming
weakened. However, the fact remains that they are rarely failures in
London, while in country places they frequently are. There are exceptions,
however, for they are grown successfully in some collections in the
country. How beautiful Mr. Hiems used to grow them for, A.
Philbrick, Esq., Q.c., at Avenue Road, Regent’s Park, about eighteen years
“89, only those who saw them know. Yet those very same plants did
equally well, and if we take the flowering into consideration, better when
the establishment was removed to Bickley Park, Kent. It has been said
that Phaleenopsis require a particularly hot and humid atmosphere
to grow them well, and therein lies, I think, the secret of many failures.
While admitting that they are uudoubtedly Stove Orchids, and must cma
Considerable warmth, yet they may have too much. Mr. Hiems never use

346 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

to keep up a continual and excessive heat, nor an atmosphere like a
Turkish Bath. His plants were all grown in baskets, and suspended, and
apart from that, used to receive exactly similar treatment to that given to
the majority of stove plants; simply being watered when necessary,
according to the weather and the season, and kept comparatively dry during
the worst of the winter. The temperature, I remember, used to fluctuate
as in an ordinary stove. If it happened to descend to an unusually low
degree occasionally, say 45° or 50°, no particular notice was taken, and no
harm ever accrued, for the atmosphere would be dry at the same time, and
what did it matter? It is too much artificial heat and moisture, and forcing
generally, during the winter, that ruins the constitution of many a plant,
and Phalzenopsis are not the least to suffer.

SALE OF ORCHIDS AT THE FIRS, WARWICK.
THE sale of the late Major Mason’s Orchids took place on the premises
on October roth, 11th and 12th, and realised the sum of £3,110 135.
Messrs. Protheroe and Morris, of Cheapside, were the auctioneers, and it
may be interesting to give the prices for which a few well-known things were
sold. Cypripedium insigne giganteum realised the highest individual amount,
namely £147, and a few others fetched very good prices. A plant of C.
Lawrenceanum Hyeanum with two growths fetched £89 5s., and a second
one was sold for £76 13s. C. callosum Sanderz realised £73 Ios., C. insigne
Sandere £54 12s., and a smaller plant of the same £35 14s. A plant sold
as a yellow variety of C. insigne Maulei fetched £32 11s., and C. insigne
Dorothy with eight growths £29 8s. C. x Aylingii with three growths
fetched 17 guineas. The most valuable Cattleya was C. labiata alba, the
sum of £63 being paid for a plant with four pseudobulbs. C. Mossie
Wageneri fetched £27 6s.; C. x Lord Rothschild £26 5s.; C. intermedia
alba £22 1s.; C. Mendelii Miss Little 19 guineas; C. x Fernand Denis
with seven pseudobulbs, C. Mossize bellissima, C. x Parthenia speciosa, and
C. Skinneri alba, each I7 guineas, and C. x Louis Chaton and C. X
Mantinii nobilior each 11 guineas. Among Dendrobiums the best price
was obtained for D. Phalznopsis album, namely £52 ros.; for a plant with
five old and one new pseudobulbs, while a fine specimen plant of D. nobile
Ballianum fetched 15 guineas, D. x Gemma (described at page 73 of our
third volume) with three pseudobulbs, 13 guineas, and D. Wardianumalbum
with nine pseudobulbs and three leads, 11 guineas. Lelio-cattleya X
Berthe Fournier realised £31 tos.; L.-c. X eximia f21; L.-c. x Iolanthe
. aa 2 oe x Pallas 16 guiueas. Laelia purpurata Littleana
White” 3s iia Peve Backhouseana 16 guineas ; and L. anceps “Bull “
. me unflowered seedlings also fetched good prices.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 347

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID
SOCIETY.

AT the meeting of this Society, held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on
October 13th last, there was a very good display of Orchids. The members
of the Committee present were :—Messrs. G. Shorland Ball (in the chair),
W. Thompson, Parker, Cypher, Stevens, Johnson, Upjohn, and Weathers
(hon, sec.).

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), staged an
Interesting group, amongst which were two plants of Oncidium
ornithorhynchum album, one of which carried two strong spikes of bloom,
and received a First Class Certificate, a magnificent plant of O. tigrinum,
carrying a flower spike with eighty flowers and buds, which obtained a
Cultural Certificate. Cypripedium X Moensii, a fine specimen plant
eying five flowers, and which received a First-class Certificate from this
Society on roth November, 1898 (vol. vi., p. 371), a very good form of C.
bellatulum, a plant of the pretty C. purpuratum with three flowers, Vanda
Kimballiana, and Trichopilia fragrans.

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed
Sophrocattleya X Cleopatra, a most beautiful and distinct hybrid, with
flowers of the brilliant red of the best Sophronitis grandiflora (First-class
Certificate), Cypripedium insigne, C. x tessellatum porphryeum (A. M.),
and Lelio-cattleya x Ingramii (A. M.).

W. Thompson, Esq., Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), showed Odontoglossum
‘tispum Daphne, a very distinct form with large spots of a curious light
Purple colour (First-class Certificate), and a very fine form of Miltonia
‘pectabilis Moreliana, which the Committee expressed a desire to see when
, “ Plant had grown stronger. The same exhibitor also staged a
Miscellaneous group, amongst which the plants named above, and a very
fine specimen of Vanda Kimballiana with several good spikes, were
Conspicuous.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gt. Mr. Edge), showed Lelio-
Cattleya x Clonia, a very pretty hybrid between Lzlio-cattleya x elegans
and C. Warscewiczii Sanderiana, and which would no doubt have secured
‘n award had the sepals and petals been of better form, and L.-c. x
Antimachus (C. Warscewiczii x L.-c. X Dominiana), a pretty ve
fairly intermediate (Award of Merit).

Mr. Upjohn, gardener to the Earl of Ellesmere, showed a very fine
Spike of a good form of the beautiful Cymbidium eayanae. |

Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham, showed an interesting mp, amongst
Which were noticeable Cypripedium X Moensii (First-class Certificate),
and several good forms ot Cattleya labiata.

348 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, showed Cypripedium Charlesworthii
splendens, a yellow variety of C. insigne, in the way of Youngianum, but
small and weakly grown, and a very fine form of Lelia praestans (A. M.).

At the Meeting held on October 26th, there was a bright and interesting
display, and the members of the Committee present were :—Messrs-
G. Shorland Ball (in the chair), Law-Schofield, Thompson, Warburton,
Parker, Dr. Hodgkinson, Messrs. Holmes, Stevens, Johnson and Weathers
(hon. sec.).

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), showed
Cypripedium X Milo superbum, very much in the way of ©. X
triumphans, but not quite so rich in the colouring of the dorsal sepal
(First-class Certificate), C. xX Actens, a very beautiful cross between
C. x Leeanum and C. insigne Sander, and referred to on page 26 of our
present volume as having received an Award of Merit in December last,
C. x Lathamianum magnificum, a wonderful large form of this fine hybrid
(A. M.), and C. Charlesworthii rubescens, a flower dark in colour and of
fair size.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Leelio-cat-
tleya x Ada, L.-c. X Schilleriana (“elegans alba”) X C. Lueddemanniana,
a very fine hybrid (First-class Certificate), L.-c. x Nysa (L. rise x
C. Warscewiczii), Cattleya x Mantinii superba, C. Bowringiana,
Angrecum articulatum, Cypripedium xX Zurigo (cenanthum superbum X
Chamberlainianum), and C. x Helvetia, a hybrid entered as a cross
between Chamberlainianum and Lawrenceanum, but in which ss
Committee failed to see any trace of the latter. The same —
also staged a very effective group of miscellaneous Orchids which recelvé
a Silver Medal.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed the pretty .
Cattleya x Wendlandiana. .

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), showed Cyr
pedium X Milo (First-class Certificate), and Odontoglossum crispum if
Redvers Buller, a very distinct form of remarkable substances sei
groundwork nearly white, and numerous bright red spots (First-class
Certificate).

W. Thompson, Esq., Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), staged a small but . aE
group, consisting principally of good forms of Odontoglossums, for which
was awarded a Vote of Thanks. aed

Richard Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), sho ,
Odontoglossum crispum ashlandense, a small flower, distinctly marked, a”
which, when strongly grown, should develope into a very good _
(First-class Certificate).

a
Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), showed Cattley

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 349

labiata Petersii marmorata, a very fine form not quite so dark as Petersii,

but wider in the segments and much better in form (First-class Certificate).
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed Leelio-cattleya xX

Epicasta, L.-c. X Duchess of York, L.-c. X Wellsiana (A. M.), L.-c. X

Hermione, .L.-c- X Mrs. M. Gratrix, a very interesting and pretty cross

between L. cinnabarina and L. Digbyana (A. M.), Cattleya x Princess

(A. M.), C. X Wendlandiana, and Cypripedium X vexillarium superbum.
Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, showed Epidendrum vitellinum.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Tue display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on
October roth, was rather below the average, but included several note-
worthy exhibits. The members of the Committee present, were :—
J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. Bond, Chapman,
Colman, Douglas, Haywood, Hill, Jaques, Little, Smee, Young, and
O’Brien (hon. sec.).

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whiffen), staged a
small choice group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It
contained the handsome Cattleya X Maroni, C. X Mantinii nobilior with
two fine spikes of seven flowers each, a fine dark form of C. labiata,
Cycnoches chlorochilon, two good forms of Odontoglossum crispum, &e.

H. Little, Esq., Baronshalt, Twickenham (gr. Mr. Howard), sent a
handsome form of Cattleya Dowiana called Little’s variety, to which an
Award of Merit was given. The flower was large and of good shape,
the sepals and petals a clear yellow, and the lip broad, and dark claret-
purple colour throughout, with the usual golden veining. He also sent a
splendid infloresence of the richly coloured Cattleya Xx Mantinii nobilior,
and a fine form of C. granulosa.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), sent the
remarkable Bulbophyllum grandiflorum, Saccolabium calceolare, and a
light form of Odontoglossum grande, called Pitt’s variety, in which the
usual brown markings were nearly obliterated, the sepals and petals thus
being of two shades of yellow, and the lip white, with two or three pale
blotches. It received an Award of Merit.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), sent
three splendid forms of Odontoglossum crispum, O. c. Katez, a profusely
spotted form with rather narrow segments, O. c. Queen Empress, a very
fine white, flushed with pink on the sepals, and O. c. Daphne, a remarkable
form with light purple sepals, white petals bearing a few purple
blotches, and some cinnamon-brown spots on the lip. An Award of Merit
Was given to the latter.

350 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, sent Epiden-
drum Laucheanum, with a long raceme of numerous brownish flowers, and
Spathoglottis Fortunei, the latter receiving an Award of Merit.

F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. Stafford), sent a
pretty form of Lelia x Euterpe called Tyntesfield variety, (L. Dayana X
crispa), with lilac sepals and petals, and a dark purple lip with claret-
coloured veining in the throat; also a pan of three plants of the charming
little Sophrocattleya x Hardyana, varying somewhat in depth of
colouring.

De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks, sent a large and richly
coloured form of Lelia pumila, and a light coloured form of Cattleya
x Hardyana, with sepals and petals cream white, faintly freckled with
lavendar, and the richly coloured lip having a bright yellow area on either
side about the middle.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, sent two plants of Cattleya X
Minerva, a very pretty hybrid derived from C. Bowringiana @ and C.
Loddigesii ¢. It most resembles the former in habit and the latter in the
the shape of the flowers, the sepals and petals being bright lilac-rose in
colour, and the lip similar, with a light yellow disc and some purplish
veining in front.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, showed a pretty
little group, some good forms of Cattleya labiata, C. Gaskelliana alba, C. X
Mantinii, Cymbidium Tracyanum, and the pretty hybrid Cypripedium X
Olivia (niveum X tonsum), together with examples of each parent.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, sent the remarkable Bulbophyllum
grandiflorum with two flowers and an unopened bud, and the pretty little
Stenoglottis longifolia.

At the meeting held on October 24th, there was a very good display of
Orchids, in which forms of the beautiful Cattleya labiata formed 2
prominent part. The Members of the Orchid Committee present were :—
H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. Ballantine, Chapman,
Crawshay, Douglas, Fowler, Hill, Jaques, Little, Thorn, Young, and
O’Brien (hon. sec.).

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whiffen), staged a
brilliant little group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It
contained some fine examples of Cattleya labiata, including forms both with
white and coloured segments, C. x Mantinii, Lelia pumila, L. autumnalis
atrorubens, with a fine inflorescence of nine flowers, a form of Oncidium
tigrinum with a nearly white lip, and other good things.

F. Knight, Esq., Thundersley, Essex (gr. Mr. Marston), also staged @
brilliant group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained
some good forms of Cattleya labiata and Dendrobium Phalzenopsis

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 351

together with D. formosum giganteum and Cypripedium Charlesworthii.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
sent Lelia pumila magnifica, and Lzlio-cattleya x Gottoiana marmorata,
the latter bearing a five-flowered inflorescence of large light rose-coloured
flowers, which are curiously marbled with rose-pur ple.

Her Grace the Duchess of Northumberland, Stanwick, Darlington
(gr. Mr. Higgie), sent-a fine inflorescence of Vanda coerulea, bearing twenty-
two well-coloured flowers, for which a Vote of Thanks was accorded.

E. S. Clark, Esq., Oak Alyn, near Wrexham (gr. Mr. Edwards), sent
the handsome Cattleya X Mantinii nobilior,

H. Little, Esq., Baronshalt, Twickenham (gr. Mr. Howard), showed
two fine inflorescences of Cattleya Bowringiana.

H. Tate, Esq., Allerton Beeches, near Liverpool, sent a flower of a
hybrid Orchid supposed to have originated from Lelia tenebrosa and
Cattleya x Hardyana,

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, staged a
fine group of Orchids, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It
contained the brilliant little Sophrocattleya X eximia, with bright purple-
red sepals and petals, and dark ruby-red lip, some fine forms of Cattleya
labiata, the beautiful Cattleya x Wendlandiana and C. x Eurydice, a hand-
Some form of Lelio-cattleya x Wellsiana, L.-c. x Hermione, and L.-c. X
Epicasta, Oncidium x Forbesii and O. varicosum, Cypripedium Charles-
worthii, a good specimen of C. X vexillarium superbum, the beautiful C. X
fenanthum superbum, C. purpuratum with five flowers, and other
interesting things, of which the three following each received an Award of
Merit :—Lzlia x Mrs. M. Gratrix (L. cinnabarina ? X L. Digbyana ¢)
is a remarkable hybrid, with flowers about five inches across, the sepals and
petals buff yellow, and the three-lobed lip, light yellow, tinged with rose on
the front and side lobes, and irregularly fringed. Lelio-cattleya x
Duchess of York (Lelia crispa ? X Cattleya Gaskelliana 3), is a
beautiful hybrid approaching nearer to L.-c. x exoniensis than most
Others ; the sepals and petals white, slightly tinged with pink, and the
crisped lip white at the base, lemon-yellow on the disc, and the front lobe
bright ruby purple, and somewhat elongated. Cattleya x Princess
_ (Lueddemaniana @ xX Triane ¢), is a very fine hybrid with pale rose-
Coloured sepals and petals of great breadth, and the lip bright reddish
purple, with radiating coloured lines on the disc.

Mr. E. Kromer, Roraima Nursery, Bandon Hill, Beddington, also staged
a fine group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained
about thirty-five varieties of Cattleya labiata imported by the exhibitor,
some being very richly coloured, and one pale lilac form having the lip
petal-like in shape; C. granulosa, C. Leopoldi, the interesting natural

352 7 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

hybrid, C. X venosa, forms of Lelia pumila, Lzlio-cattleya X Schilleriana,
Sophronitis grandiflora with a twin-flowered inflorescence, &c.

r. J. W. Moore, Cragg Royd Nurseries, Rawdon, near Leeds, showed
a very curious form of Cypripedium Charlesworthii, from which the usual
colour and markings had vanished, leaving the dorsal sepal white and the
petals and lip of a pale greenish tint.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

ASPASIA LUNATA, Lindl.—Lindenia, t. 669.

BULBOPHYLLUM MANDIBULARE.—Gard. Chron., Oct. 14, p. 293, fig. 99.

CATTLEYA LODDIGESII VAR. HARRISONIZ, Veitch.—Lindenia, t. 667.—
This is the typical C. Loddigesii, Lindl., not the-so-called var. Harrisoniz,
which is identical with C. Harrisoniana, Lindl., and a distinct species.

CaTTLEYA Moss1# Beauty or Busn HiLti_.—Gard. Mag., Oct. 14,
pp- 642, 643, with fig.

CATTLEYA WaRSCEWICZII.—Gard. Chron., Oct. 7, pp. 280, 281, fig. 95.

CYPRIPEDIUM X ns PULCHELLUM.—Journ. of Hort., Oct. 12,
p. 308, fig. 6r.

CYPRIPEDIUM BELLATULUM VAR. CHOTEK&, L. Lind.—Lindenta, t. 665.

CyPRIPEDIUM X HaumontTI, L. Lind.—Lindenia, t. 668.

CYPRIPEDIUM X NO-SUPERBIENS.—Journ. of Hort., Oct. 19, p. 341,
fig. 67.

CyYPRIPEDIUM PartsHu, Rchb. f.—Lindenia, t. 670.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X ELEGANS HAROLD MEASURES.—Journ. of Hort., Oct.
12, pp. 308, 309, fig. 62. ,

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM DAPHNE.—Gard. Chron., Oct. 21, p. 307;
fig. 103.

ODONTOGLOSSUM X RUCKERIANUM VAR. GOURNAYANUM, L. Lind.—
Lindenia, t. 671.

ODONTOGLOSSUM SCHLIEPERIANUM VAR. XANTHINUM, L. Lind.—Lindemta,
{O72

ODONTOGLOSSUM X WILCKEANUM VAR. GINOTIANUM, L. Lind.—
Lindenta, t. 666.

SCHOMBURGKIA LyYonsII. sthing Mag., Sept. 30, p. 608, with fig.

ZYGOPETALUM XANTHINUM.—Gard. Mag., Sept. 30, p. 608, with fig.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.
(Correspondents not ele here may find replies to their queries on sae pages, and in
cases, for various reason ey have to wind over for a future issue. In the case of hybrid sande
sent for name, the hatestice and pit should ane be briefly stated, for ipithoot these details we
are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily.)

G.M.L. Saccolabium obliqunm, Lindl.
Photographs received with thanks. G.I.

STANLEY-MOBBS & ASHTON,
SOUTHGATE, LONDON. N.,
And at Rio de Janeiro, Caixa, 906,

(RE constantly receiving large and varied collections from all the best
districts, and plants to suit amateurs and the trade are consequently
always on offer. Complete descriptive particulars are regularly forwarded

‘ post free to all who request them.
00 tee

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The Company are constantly receiving Importations of Orchids from various parts
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p Vor. VII.] DECEMBER, 1899. [No. 84.

THE

ORCHID REVIEW:

DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY.

: Contents.
a PAGE PAGE
: “ - Calendar of Operations for December ... 364 | Obituary ve i hes oa
3 Cattleyas, yellow: a hintto Hybridists 364 F. Canham ... nro ered Aree
. ‘Correspondence, &c. ... © ay? G. Warocqué... a .. S50
a ' Curious Seedling,a ... oy: eee; R. Moore” :.-- os ae gee
| ; Eulophiella Peetersiana ae . 458 Odontoglossum Cevsntai e << S89
| ‘ Grammatophyllum Reemplerianum ..- 358 Odontoglossum X Denison Cheaeseeal
@ Hybridist a os fu 969 (Fig. 18) a a os “2gGn
: Lelio-cattleya x Wrigley’ ae .. 359 Orchid Portraits Sih y 2
: Lycaste x Janete ... s ... 360 Orchids at the Royal ‘Rowoleal
Hiybridists, a hint to... . 364 Society ms a sts --3 oe
Manchester and North of *eaulend Orchids in season ae oo go
: Orchid Society “é as .. 369 | Orchises, wild, in the iden = ..» 360
_ Notes Seedling, a curious. --- oe ae

hie e385
Title-page, Frontispiece, and Index.

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CULTIVATED NDER GLASS IN GREAT BRITAIN.

dood with Maps and numerous Engravings.)

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HIS work contains a yeipirrs of all the most important species and aay in apewiees their Origin, Dy
Botanical Hist story, e of Introduction, together with Cultural Notes 3 us
“It bas been com Bea to supply amateurs and cultivators of exotic Orchids “with a fuller account of the

S, ani a i
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_ THE ORCHID REVIEW.

- VoL. VII.] DECEMBER, 1899. [No. 84.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James Street, Westminster, during December, on the 5th and roth
Tespectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12
O'clock noon.

* The next meeting of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on December 14th.
The Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspec-
tion from 1 to 3 p.m.

The hybrids of Lzelia Perrinii prove to be great acquisitions as autumn
flowering plants. Magnificent inflorescences of Lelio-cattleya xX
Statteriana and L.-c. x Semiramis are sent from the collection of the
Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., by Mr. Smith. The former has three
flowers, which rival those of C. labiata, the pollen parent, in richness of
‘Colouring, the sepals and petals being rosy-lilac, and the lip of the darkest
Crimson-purple, which colour extends right round the side lobes half way
to the base, leaving the throat only of a rather lighter shade. The second,
| Lec, X Semiramis, is still stronger, having four flowers, and considering

that the allied Cattleya Gaskelliana was the pollen parent, it is remarkable
how much it differs from the preceding in the details of the lip. The shape
1S more undulate, the crimson-purple lighter in shade, and only extending
round the apex of the side lobes as a natrow band, while at the throat 1s
found a large area nearly white in colour. The sepals and petals, however,
very Similar, both in shape and colour. The scapes are stout, and the
| flowers large and well-developed—in short, they form excellent examples of
— §00d culture.

384 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A good inflorescence of the handsome Lelio-cattleya x massiliensis
is also sent from the same collection. Its history has already been given
(ante, v. pp. 357, 358), and the present flowers confirm the view expressed
that Lelia crispa was one of the parents, for its characters are as strongly
marked as in the case of Lzlio-cattleya x exoniensis, L.-c. X Pallas, and
others which were certainly derived from it. The other parent was
probably Cattleya Trianz, as originally recorded, but there is no trace of
C. Dowiana, and this species must be dropped from the record of parentage.
Flowers of another plant which was purchased as L.-c. x Josephine, with
record of parentage ‘“L. purpurata x C. chocoensis” are also sent, but
are almost identical with the preceding, and are believed to represent the
same hybrid. The crisped petals and lip could only have come from L.
crispa.

Another handsome plant is Dendrobium Phalznopsis highburiense, in
which the flower is a peculiar reddish plum-colour, especially on the petals
and lip, and quite distinct from anything that we have previously seen.

A fine flower of the superb Cattleya x Hardyana Countess of Derby is
sent from the collection of T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, by Mr.
Johnson. It was described in these pages five years ago (ii., p. 294), when
it appeared at the Drill Hall as C. Warscewiczii Countess of Derby, and
received a First-class Certificate, and now it has received a similar honour
from the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society, together with
a Silver-gilt Medal. Doubts having been expressed as to the correctness
of the name now adopted, we have again made a careful comparison with
C. X Hardyana and its two parents (living flowers of each, fortunately,
being available), and have no hesitation in saying that, apart from colour,
it agrees with C. x Hardyana, of which it isa remarkable colour variety.
C. Warscewiczii and C. Dowiana differ very markedly in the shape and
direction of the petals, and the present variety does not agree at all with
the former, but like most forms of the hybrid comes much nearer to the
latter. The lip has also the unmistakable colour of C. Dowiana, together
with the golden veining of the disc, and even the eye-like blotches derived
from C. Warscewiczii are modified in detail by the same influence. The
brilliant contrast between the richly coloured lip and the white sepals and
petals renders it the most striking variety which we have seen.

A very striking form of Odontoglossum crispum is sent from the
collection of R. Brooman White, Esq.. of Arddarroch. It was shown at
the Drill Hall on November 7th as O. c. xanthctes Brooman White's
variety, but was passed over by the Committee, it is said because O. ¢
xanthotes had already received a First-class Certificate. Of the latter, 4

Pee eens en eee

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 355

photographic illustration has appeared in these pages (ante ii. -p. 305, fig.
29), and on comparison we find that the present one is quite distinct. The
sepals and petals are proportionally broader, and hence the flower is fuller
and rounder, and each sepal bears a large irregular deep yellow blotch in the
centre, while the lip has a regular row of about eleven deep yellow
blotches between the margin and the lighter yellow disc. The two are
much more distinct than some of the spotted forms which have received
distinct varietal names, and both on this account and because the varietal
Mame given consists of four words we regret that it was not named
differently.

A curiously abnormal flower of Cattleya Bowringiana is sent from the
collection of Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool. The two
petals and the dorsal sepal are united into a single broad petal-like body,
which occupies the position of the latter, and thus the perianth is reduced
to four segments. The other twelve flowers on the scape are normal in
character.

Flowers of the charming yellow Odontoglossum called O. X
loochristiense ‘‘ Canary Bird,” which received a First-class Certificate from
the Manchester Orchid Society, and an Award of Merit from the R.H.S.,
at their last meetings, are sent from the collection of W. Thompson, Esq.,
Walton Grange, Stone, by Mr. Stevens. The sepals bear numerous small
red-brown blotches, and contrast effectively with the clear yellow petals,
which in two cases only show traces of spots. Mr. Stevens states that it is
nota home raised seedling, but appeared as an imported plant, which
Suggests the question whether it may not be a variety of O. X excellens,
in any case it is different from the hybrids raised by M. Ch. Vuylsteke,
from O. crispum and O. triumphans, and named O. X loochristiense.
Whether this may not also occur as a wild plant is a point worth
Consideration, especially in view of the note by M. Claes at p. 327 of our
last issue. In any case the plant is very beautiful, and being yet rather
small is likely to improve under Mr. Stevens’ treatment.

OBITUARY.

Ricarp Moore.—It is with deep regret that we hear of the death on
August 18th last, of Mr. Richard Moore, Western Sub-divisional Magistrate
of Rangoon, late Officiating Assistant Superintendent of the sae
Shan States, at the early age of thirty-nine years. The Rangoon Gazette :
September 4th says:—‘It is presumed that the Red Sea passage prove

too much for him. He had been’in bad health for months past, suffering
from attacks of malaria, and went home (to England) in May on a

356 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

three months’ leave. Mr. Moore came out from home about eighteen years
ago, as a teacher in the Rangoon College High School. There he remained
for some years under the late Mr. Gilbert, and in 1888 was appointed to the
subordinate commission. Much of his service was in the Shan States.
Four years ago he came to Rangoon as Magistrate of the Western
Sub-division.” Mr. Moore was ill from fever when he left England, and
this was intensified by a chill, caught by sleeping on deck in the Red Sea,
and followed by heart complications, from which he succumbed.
Mr. Moore will be remembered by Orchidists for his discovery of the
beautiful Cypripedium Charlesworthii—of which a coloured plate was
given in our first volume—C. X Fred Hardy, C. bellatulum album (both
also figured in these pages), Dendrobium sarmentosum, and Vanda X
Moorei. He also sent many of the showy Burmese Dendrobiums and other
Orchids to the establishment of his brother, Mr. J. W. Moore, of Rawdon,
near Leeds. He had an excellent knowledge of the showier Burmese
Orchids, and our readers will specially recall the most interesting article
from his pen, ‘‘ Orchids of the Shan States,’ which appeared in our
second volume (pp. 169-172), in which the discovery of Cypripedium
Charlesworthii is detailed, and information given respecting the habitats of
other Burmese Orchids.

GEORGES WaRocguE.—La Semaine Horticole for October 28th,
announces the death of M. Georges Warocqué, of Chateau de Mariemont,
near Charleroi, Belgium, which took place at Pekin, China, where he was
travelling, and at a time when he was about to return home.
M. Warocqué was a great lover of Orchids, of which he had a very fine
collection, and at the Ghent Quinquennial Exhibition in 1893, he gained
second honours for a magnificent group of one hundred plants, besides
gaining first prizes in other classes. In 1898 he was one of the jurors of ©
Orchids, but not an exhibitor. His name is commemorated in Stauropsis
Warocqueana (Rolfe in Lindenia, viii. t. 319). Cattleya Warocqueana was
also named after him before its identity with the old C. labiata was known.

F, CANHAM.—The death of Mr. F. Canham, for some years gardener to
C. H. Feiling, Esq., Southgate House, Southgate, is also announced, as
having taken place somewhat suddenly on October 30th last. The
deceased was brother to Mr. Chas. Canham, for many years Orchid grower
to Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, and was an excellent all round gardener.
Although not formerly a professional Orchid grower, says the Gardeners’
Chronicle, when Mr. Feiling wished to include a good collection of Orchids
among the subjects in his gardens, Mr. Canham_ undertook their
management, and with the same good results which followed his endeavours
in other branches of his art.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 357

ODONTOGLOSSUM CERVANTESII.
(See FRONTISPIECE).

THE frontispiece to the present volume represents a good specimen of
the charming little Odontoglossum Cervantesii, from the collection of

W. Rickards, Esq., The Priory, Usk, Monmouthshire. The
photograph was accompanied by the following interesting note :—‘ I
enclose a photograph of Odontoglossum Cervantesii which may interest
you, as it is not a species that always grows and flowers so freely as this.
My Odontoglossums have done wonderfully well this year, in spite of
the unfavourable weather from May to October; a fact which I attribute
very largely to the use of the food supply (to avoid the word “ manure,”
which in my opinion is not a suitable term) recommended by Mr. Norman
Cookson in your May number (pp. 144, 176). Odontoglossums have always
done well with me, but I think never so well as this year. I have, for
instance, one plant of O. crispum bearing a six-branched spike carrying
37 buds, and another having four spikes on top of the bulb (7, 3, 2, and
I flower buds) in addition to the normal spike of ro buds at the side of
the bulb. Both these plants have been four years in my possession, and
carry leaves on all the four last bulbs.”

Evidence seems to be accumulating in favour of the method of feeding
above alluded to, and so simple and apparently effective a method ought to
Prove of great use to Orchid growers. Certain it is that Orchids can be
starved just as easily as many other plants, and we have sometimes
Seen them in this condition, yet there is a strong prejudice in the minds
of many people against the use of what is termed “‘ manure” in any form.
What is wanted is a knowledge of the kind of food required, and how
to supply it, and it can hardly be doubted that the above is a step in
the right direction. It would be interesting to hear the results of any other
experiments, The photograph here re-produced represents a very effective
little specimen, and it is when well grown that the decorative value of
these plants is best apparent.

A CURIOUS SEEDLING.

Ona seed-pod of Cypripedium X Lathamianum fertilised by C. X
uryandrum in my collection is growing a small seedling, which has already
four roots. The seed pod is quite green, and the young plant grows from
the very base of the seed pod. I fancy this seldom occurs?

Florence. ;

[This is certainly curious, and unless it is a stray seedling which has

accidentally lodged there, or a growth from an adventitious bud, it would

H. J. Ross.

a. THE ORCHID REVIEW.

appear to be an example of a seed germinating within the capsule itself.
It would be interesting to know the age of the capsule, and whether it had
opened before the young plant appeared. It is difficult to offer an
explanation without knowing more particulars.—Ep. |

EULOPHIELLA PEETERSIANA.

THE history of this remarkable plant seems to come in small instalments.
The followingenote by Mr. J. O’Brien appears in the Gardeners’ Chronicle
for November 11th last (p. 353) :—

“In the Gardeners’ Chronicle for 1876, i., p. 240, the late Professor
Reichenbach described Grammatophyllum Rcemplerianum from a faded
dried specimen furnished by M. Luddemann, of Paris, and obtained by him
from M. Reempler, of Nancy, who had imported a few plants of it from
Madagascar. The author was enthusiastic in his praise of the stately
novelty, but was unable to give the colours, or finer details of the structure,
by reason of the indifferent quality of the flowers on which he based his
description. About the same time M. Roempler sold his plants, all of which
were in a very poor condition, in London, and some half-dozen of the larger
pieces, consisting of elongated, conical pseudo-bulbs, curving upwards
distantly from stout rhizomes, came into my hands. The growth-buds of
all were black and, as I found afterwards, dead; but I succeeded in keeping
the stems alive for between three and four years, hoping that from some
portion of them a growth might proceed, but the hope was never realised.
I assume all of the importation failed likewise, for I never heard of one that
grew. In the Gardeners’ Chronicle, March 20th, 1897, p. 182, Dr. Kranzlin
described as Eulophiella Peetersiana, from material sent by M. Peeters, of
Brussels, and Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, a giant Orchid which
had been discovered by M. Mocoris (Moquerys] in the island of Madagascar.
The description at once reminded me of my troublesome subject, Gramma-
tophyllum Roemplerianum, and on seeing the plant in flower in Sir Trevor
Lawrence’s collection, I had no doubt that it was the same thing, for it is
scarcely likely that two such plants, distinct from each other, can exist in
the same locality. I therefore place my ideas on the subject on record in
the hope of giving some assistance in determining the specimen in
Reichenbach’s herbarium named by him G. Roemplerianum.”

Reichenbach’s note in question is as follows :—‘‘ Unexpected pleasures
are the best ones. Would you have believed in a new large-flowered
Grammatophyllum, with a lip resembling that of Phains tuberculosus, but
without its basilar fur? The flowers are larger than those of the favourite
Grammatophyllum Ellisii, Lindl., scarcely smaller than those of the three
heroes of the beautiful genus, macranthum, speciosum, Wallisii. There it

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 359

Is, a newest sailor from Madagascar, if I rightly understand, en route for
Mr. Steven‘s enormous room. The texture of the flowers, as far asI may
Judge of it from dry specimens, is unusually strong and firm. Sepals
oblong 3 petals ovate ; lip trifid, the side lacinie bread, angled, the middle
lacinize protracted, narrower, emarginate. There are two grand obtuse-
angled lamellz, and a small one between before the base of column,
three smaller angular lamellz before the end of the lip, and both connected
with emerging lines. ‘Colours?’ Don’t ask too much. The flower looks
as if it had been white or light yellow, but I can take no responsibility
But what I see most decidedly is some purplish hue on the tip of the lip.
I obtained the flowers from my excellent correspondent, Mr. Luddemann,
18, Boulevard d’Italie, Paris, the famous Orchid grower, who once directed
Mr. Pescatore’s Orchidic Eden. They have been obtained by Mr.
Roempler, of Nancy, who is said to have made a curious importation from
that mysterious island Madagascar.”

After comparing this note with dried specimens and figures I am quite
Satisfied that the two plants are identical, so that another chapter is added
to the history of this remarkable plant. It was the absence of flowers
which prevented its being recognised when my original note was written
(ante, v., p. 67), for I compared it at the time, but came to the conclusion

that the description did not agree.
k..A. R.

THE HYBRIDIST.
L#LIO-CATTLEYA X WRIGLEYI.
TuIs is a very interesting and pretty hybrid, raised in the collection of
O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, from Lelia anceps ? and
Cattleya Bowringiana ¢. The cross was"effected about ten years ago, and
thus it has taken nearly ten years to reach the lowering stage. It is
unmistakably intermediate between the two parents. A short scape carries
a single terminal flower, which is most like Lelia anceps in the shape of the
sepals and petals, but has an entire lip, approaching the Cattleya in shape
but the other parent in the characteristic markings in the throat. The
column is about intermediate in size and shape—that of the Cattleya
Parent being only half as large as in the Lelia—and the pollinia are just
those of Lzlio-cattleya, four large and four small. The sepal sand petals
are of a pretty rose-purple shade, the front of the lip much darker, with a
yellowish white area at the top of the throat, which latter is marked almost
exactly as in Lelia anceps. Mr. Wrigley remarks that it is interesting to
him as the “ only seedling Lzlio-cattleya” which he has “ raised and
bloomed.” We hope that he will take care of it and grow it strongly, when

360 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

it ought to prove a fine thing. Both parents are popular autumn-flowering
species of easy culture, the Lelia bearing normally several, and the other
many flowers, from which it is evident that the hybrid has not yet nearly
reached its full development.

.LYCASTE X JANETA.

This is an interesting and pretty hybrid raised in the collection of
H. J. Ross, Esq., Florence, Italy, from Lycaste Skinneri @ and L.
Rossiana ¢. The seen was sown four years ago, and one of the plants,
though still small, has produced a first flower, which is kindly sent. It is
quite intermediate in size and shape between the parents, though the
colour is rather different from what might have been anticipated. The
sepals and petals are greenish yellow, densely and minutely spotted with
‘brown, the spots being more or less suffused except near the margin;
petals yellow, dotted with red-brown on the lower half; lip with the
reflexed front lobe yellow; the rest, including the small crest, densely
spotted with red-brown, and the base of the column deep red purple. The
character of L. Skinneri is so little in evidence that it is doubtful if its
origin would have been guessed, but this may be more apparent as the
plant becomes strong. It is dedicated to Mrs. Janet Ross, who shares her
husband’s love for Orchids, and of whose skill as an artist we have had
evidence on several occasions.

et

WILD ORCHISES IN THE GARDEN.

In a lecture entitled ‘Wild Flowers in the Garden,” delivered by
Mr. George Bunyard, V.M.H., at a recent meeting at the Horticultural
Club, reference was made to the suitability of certain wild plants for
planting in woodland drives, and similar places where the grass is not kept
short by close mowing, and the following allusion to the wild Orchises was
made :—“ In summer the wild Orchises give us both striking flowers and
interesting species for massing in special positions. O. mascula and its
numerous varieties are good, and I have seen O. maculata in Scotland
called O. magnifica, which was specially grand. The Butterfly Orchis
(Habenaria) with its elegant spikes of pale scented primrose flowers,
delights ina shady nook. The Tway-blade, the Man Orchis, and the less
common O,. fusca, O. pyramidalis, while Orphys apifera, O. muscifera, and
Orchis latifolia are worth close inspection, and for shady places the
Epipactis are well worth prepared stations in the garden, affording them
leaf-soil, chalk, or sandy loam, as required.

—_—He

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 361

ODONTOGLOSSUM x DENISONZ CHESTERTONI.
THE annexed figure represents a most beautiful Odontoglossum, and one
whose history has been sadly confused, as will be seen from the following
note. It appeared in an importation of O. crispum sent by the late Mr. J.
C. Chesterton to Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, and flowered in 1876, being
exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S. on March 15th, as Odontoglossum
Chestertoni, and received a First-class Certificate. It was briefly recorded
as a distinct form, with creamy white flowers bearing large brown spots
(Gard. Chron., 1876, v. 374). In 1885, a coloured figure of what purported
to be the same thing appeared in the Orchidophile (1885, p. 133, fig. 8),
though, as will presently be seen, it is something very different. Two years.
later the original plant appeared as O. crispum Chestertoni, Rchb. f.

Fic. 18. OponToGLossuM X DENISON# CHESTERTONI.
(Veitch Man. Orch., i. p. 26), with the note that it is “now in the collection
of Baron Schrader.” It is thus described :—“ Sepals and petals broad, the
sepals white with two large and one small reddish brown transverse blotch ;
the petals also white with two to five reddish brown spots: the lip reddish
brown with a broad reddish white margin.” The flower here figured was
taken from that very plant, and was photographed by Mr. G. I’Anson, of
Bush Hill Park, who kindly forwarded the copy here reproduced. cae x
second Catalogue of the Fernside Collection is a coloured figure of 0.
Chestertoni Lee's grand variety ” (p. 8, n- 124, t- 4, fig. 143), which is again
very different. This confusion was briefly alluded to in these pages some
time ago (ante, v. pp. 73-75), but the publication of the present figure should

362 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

set the matter of what the true plant is at rest. Its botanical status is
almost equally clear, for it is evidently a natural hybrid between O. luteo-
purpureum and O. crispum, being quite intermediate in the shape of the
flower, including the column wings and crest. Thus the name O. X
Chestertoni ante-dates the familiar O. X Wilckeanum by four years, but as
Q. X Denisonz is still older by six years there can be no doubt as to which
is the proper name to be adopted. The Orchidoplile figure represents
another form of the same hybrid in which the spots are light brown and
distributed almost regularly over the sepals and petals, while the so-called
Lee’s variety has the spots smaller and still more regular, with the true
crispum shape, and apparently belongs to the latter species. Both O.
crispum and O. X Denisone are extremely polymorphic, and there
are a few forms which it is at present difficult to refer to their correct
position. Some which have been referred to O. crispum are, however,
clearly of hybrid origin, and among them the present beautiful form must
be included. The heavily blotched sepals form a striking contrast with
the nearly unspotted petals, and it is remarkable that so distinct a plant
should have been so much confused. :
R.A.R.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

THE fine old Cattleya labiata has again made a magnificent display,
and like several other species presents a great amount of variation, a
character very well shown in three good forms sent from the collection
of R. B. Macbean, Esq., of Lancaster. Two others sent from the collection
of J. F. Laycock, Esq., Wiseton, Bawtry, Notts, by Mr. Lamb, are very
distinct. One has the sepals and petals irregularly splashed with purple on
a lighter ground, and a large, richly-coloured pencilled blotch on the lip;
the other has very broad, rounded petals, over 24 inches across, and rosy
lilac in colour, and the front lobe of the lip nearly white, except at
the margin, with a few crimson streaks on the nerves. A light form of
C. Bowringiana with very rounded petals, over 14 inches broad, is also sent,
and a very pretty Odontoglossum x Denisone, in which the large
red-brown blotches are fairly evenly distributed over the yellow sepals and
petals.

A superb white form of C. labiata from the collection of R*
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, near Manchester, illustrates the difficulty
of naming some of these closely allied forms. Mr. Pidsley remarks that it
was exhibited at the last meeting of the R.H.S. as C. 1. White
Empress, but was thought too much like C. 1. Gilmoure to receive
any award. Two days later it received a First-class Certificate from

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 363

the Manchester Orchid Society under the latter name. It is very
large and beautiful, the petals being 2% inches broad, and the colour pure
white, with a large obcordate crimson-purple blotch in front of the yellow
disc. The earliest form of this white type with some crimson-purple in
front of the lip was C. 1. elegans, described in our first volume, and
between this and C. 1. alba we have a series of beautiful varieties which
have been named and exhibited, but how far some of them differ from each
other could only be ascertained by comparing them side by side. They
chiefly differ, however, in the amount of colour on the lip, and some
may be considered rather as individuals than as varieties in the true sense.

A superb inflorescence of Cattleya Dowiana aurea, together with one of
‘C. X Hardyana, are sent from the collection of T. Statter, Esq,
Stand Hall, Whitefield, by Mr. Johnson. The former has the sepals
and petals clear yellow, and the lip evenly veined with deep crimson
and yellow, except a small area in front, which is wholly crimson. The
latter is very similar in shape, except that the petals are rather flatter. In
colour the sepals and petals are delicate blush, with the slightest trace
of marbling, and the lip rich crimson-purple in front, veined with yellow on
the disc and throat, and with a pair of large light yellow eye-like blotches
on the side. They are beautiful examples of good culture. Fine flowers of
the beautiful Lzelio-cattleya X Statteriana and L.-c. X Ingrami are also
sent.

Oncidium varicosum is extremely effective just now, and the amount of
variation it presents is well illustrated by three forms sent from the
collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., Chamonix, Teignmouth. One, considered
as fairly typical, has the lip very little over an inch broad—and smaller
forms are known—and compared with this the variety Rogersii is a veritable
giant, for the lip of the flower sent measures over 2} inches in diameter,
and a panicle of such flowers is extremely effective. The third flower is
larger than the type, and has a solid red-brown blotch at the base of the
lip, and although part of the same clump, it evidently belongs to another
plant. In the character of the crest it approaches the variety insigne
(ante, vi, p. 27).

A es of Paphiopedilum x Indra (callosum x villosum), or what
is believed to be that, is also sent from the same collection, together with
P. x Galatea, and what we take to be P. X Euryale, asain of the
combined characters of P. Lawrenceanum and P, superbiens which it
Presents. All are very useful and effective at this season, but ¥
named has a great tendency to an irregular twist of the dorsal sepal, whic
Tather detracts from its merit. . .

P. Charlesworthii maintains its character as a most attractive me
useful species, though its flowers are not so lasting as most others.

364 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

splendid flower of P. Charlesworthii giganteum is sent from the collection
of Major-General Gillespie, of Brynderwen, Usk, in which the dorsal sepal
is slightly over three inches in diameter, and very beautifully coloured.

Two fine forms of P.insigne are sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley,
Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury. ‘ Harefield Hall var,” is an extremely fine thing,
having the dorsal sepal nearly 23 inches across, and the blotches rather
large. ‘‘Upland’s var.” is remarkably similar and only very slightly
smaller.

YELLOW CATTLEYAS: A HINT TO HYBRIDISTS.

InN a recent issue of Revue Horticole, Mr. C. H. Maron, a well-known
Orchidophile, makes some suggestive observations with regard to the
production of the yellow colour in new hybrid Cattleyas. Up to the
present time, the facts would point to the conclusion that Lelia flava has
not been much used with this object in view, reliance being placed on
C. Dowiana aurea, the colour of which, however, is by no means a true
yellow ; and in all the hybrids of which it has been the base, the yellow
colour of the segments has given place to a colour of more or less decided
rose. The colour of C. D. aurea is a mixture of gamboge and rose cerise ;
that of L. flava is a positively pure yellow. The writer proceeds to
illustrate his point by a reference to the success attained by fertilizing
C. Percivaliana with L. flava, when he obtained the very distinctly yellow
Lelio-cattleya x Ernesti.—-Oakes Ames in American Gardening, Nov. 11,
p- 766.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR DECEMBER.
By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.
Let the following figures be the guide for the temperatures during the
present month.

CooL HOUSE.—Day, 55° ; night, 50°; morning, 45°. It may go as low
as 40,° and as high as 60°, but.for short periods only.

INTERMEDIATE HOUSE.—Day, 55° to 60°; night, 50% to 55°; morning,
45° to 50°. Do not let it go below 45° if possible, but it may rise as high
as 65° during warm or sunny days.

East INDIAN House.—Day, 60° to 65°; night, 55° to 60°; morning,
55° to 65°; a few degrees fluctuation being allowed either way according
to the conditions outside. ‘

Particular attention should be paid to the atmospheric conditions
during this dull, dark month. If the weather should be mild, very little
warmth from the fire will be needed to maintain the requisite degrees, and

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 365

such being the case, very little water should be distributed. On the other
hand, should a large amount of fire heat be called for, see that the
atmosphere does not become too parched and arid; but be careful also that
such moisture does not take the form of steam, by the water coming into
contact with the hot-water pipes, or by any other means, because, if so,
something is almost sure to go wrong, sooner or later, and the right cause
may not be suspected.

All growth is, of course, practically at a stand-still during this month,
even more so than last, therefore my remarks as to the necessity of
allowing the plants to repose, and keeping them free from all exciting
influences should be the more strictly observed. You cannot force Orchids
to grow against their will. You may, perhaps, assist a flower or a spike of
flowers to expand a little earlier than it would otherwise do, by subjecting
the plant to a slight additional warmth, which is all well and good, but try
to have in bloom by Christmas, something which does not appear naturally
until February or March, and note the dismal failure, a result, too, in most
cases, not again redeemed by any amount of good culture.

The above remarks apply to Orchids generally, but if one genus had to
be singled out as suffering more than another from forcing tactics, I should
certainly name the Dendrobiums. And, as many of these are just now
pushing forth flower buds from the nodes, and new growths from the base,
I may once more say, don’t force them by taking them too soon into heat,
but allow them to come on gradually, but surely, in their own particular
department.

Some of the Cypripediums are invaluable for winter blooming, and none
more so than the well-known C. insigne and its many varieties ; even the
most common is acceptable at this season. There are also C. villosum and
C. Spicerianum, not to mention other species, and the enormous number
of hybrids—too numerous to mention—in which the above three species are
more or less represented, form a most imposing array, and an agreeable
variation of form and colour in our houses just now. I think when
Cypripediums are arranged with other more brilliant and showy pet
they are placed at a great disadvantage, and that the best way to Bs
appreciate the varied forms and colours of this particular class at om
Season, is to place them together, with no other species to bass c
Certainly they then form a very pretty and attractive display, a s ore
be largely grown, especially in localities troubled with injurious ef
they are much less delicate than the majority of Orchid flowers, and rarely
suffer much.

The potting of Cypripediums should take
have passed away, at whatever time of the year
it need only be done when the plant has out-grown

place soon after the blooms
that may chance to be, and
its pot, or when it may

366 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

be desirable to divide the root in order to increase the number of plants.

Lumpy peat two parts, sphagnum moss one part, with the fourth pait
made up of turfy loam, broken mortar rubble or charcoal, and sharp river
or road sand, makes a suitable compost. The pots should be well drained
about one-third their depth.

The deciduous Calanthe vestita, C. x Veitchii, and other pretty
forms of the same type, will now be in full bloom, and will be found most
serviceable. They should occupy an intermediate temperature, and if kept
pretty dry, will last a longer time in perfection. As the flowers pass away,
the pots should be placed on a warm, dry shelf, and but little water, if any,
is necessary fora month or so. They will during that time enjoy the
necessary rest, and be again ready to start into growth. They seem to grow
-much more freely and strongly in country places, where the atmosphere
is brighter, than in towns.

Cymbidium giganteum is a most useful species, and is now in flower.
It is, perhaps, not so handsome as C. Tracyanum or C. Lowianum, but the
fact of its being a winter blooming species, makes it equally valuable. It
grows well in the Cool house the whole year round, but flourishes also in
the Intermediate house. After the flower spikes are cut, the plant should
be kept fairly dry at the roots during the winter months, after which it will
again burst strongly into growth. The compost above-named for
Cypripediums is a very suitable one for this genus also, and. re-potting is
only required when the pots are outgrown, or for purposes of division and
propagation. Two other winter bloomers out at the present time, are
C. Mastersii and C. elegans, both handsome and desirable kinds, which,
although doing very well in the Cool house during summer, should have
the benefit of the Intermediate department throughout the winter. The
‘manner of re-potting and the materials employed, are similar for the whole
genus.

There are few, if any, Christmas bee cdue species more oe and
beautiful than the very old and well-known Zygopetalum intermedium, and
none more certain to bloom. It also lasts a very long time in perfection,
either on or off the plant. It likes intermediate temperature, and under
favourable circumstances will grow rampant enough, but if by any means it
has got out of health, it is often a difficult task to pull it round again, and
rarely can it be done except by thoroughly overhauling it; taking it out of
its pot, shaking off all old material, and re-potting again in very small
pots, thus giving it a fresh start in life. This is generally the best and the
quickest plan to adopt. The compost and treatment generally should agree
with that just recommended for Cymbidiums, keeping it rather dry
for a time after blooming, and re-potting—whenever that operation may be
deemed necessary—in the early spring before the new growths become very

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 367

far advanced. Z. crinitum and Z. Mackayi are very similar to this species,
requiring the same treatment, and also bloom in winter. Z. Gautieri is a
very handsome species, flowering at the same period, but different in habit
from the foregoing. It is best grown on a tree fern stem, but failing that, a
teakwood raft having a little moss and peat about it, is a good substitute.
It should be suspended in the Intermediate house, and well supplied with
moisture during the summer months.

Cattleya labiata having now practically done duty for the present
season, the house will look somewhat bare until the bulk of the Trianzs
again put in their appearance. A few stray ones may be in bloom.by
Christmas, and by then there will also be C. Percivaliana. This is
undoubtedly a very pretty species, especially the better varieties, but it is
at the same time one of the most unsatisfactory species I have ever had tc
deal with. It is easy enough to grow fine pseudobulbs, with equally fine
flowering sheaths, but it is very disappointing when the flower spikes refuse
to come out, and such is frequently the case. They seem to prefer the
pure air of the country, and during the period that the blooms are in
formation extremes in heat or cold should be careful avoided, and also
extremes in the amount of moisture at the root. C. quadricolor—often
called C. chocoensis, or sometimes labelled C. Trianze chocoensis—will also
be in evidence, as it is a particularly early species to bloom. Some varieties
are very beautiful, especially those that are almost white. C. Warneri is
now starting into active growth, and if re-potting is necessary it should now
be performed very carefully indeed. It is best grown in hanging baskets,
and from now onwards should occupy a fairly warm position in_ the
Intermediate house, and be given sufficient moisture to support the new
growths, and to enable them to move slowly and healthily along.

Dendrobium ochreatum (Cambridgeanum) is another very peculiar
Orchid which starts regularly to make its new growths in mid-winter. It is
no good trying to keep them back, for they will come, and if not supported
fairly well the result is that we get small, undersized, starved pseudobulbs,
and the plant dwindles away. I have previously advised that this Epes
should be grown in pans or baskets, in a well exposed position, where it
gets the full power of the sun’s rays, such as the Mexican house would
provide. It should occupy such a position now, and receive just sufficient
moisture at the root to support its new growths, and keep the old bulbs
plump. By the time the new bulbs are formed, the sun will again be

st : : ke those new bulbs flower
gaining some power, and if this does not ma ne hi
immediately, as they should quite naturally do, in all probability nothing
else will. One should aim to give sufficient nourishment in the water to
ensure large pseudobulbs, for the plant is naturally a shy bloomer, as it :
only when well-grown that it blooms to perfection. At the same time

368 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

must be well exposed and hardened, or it will fail to bloom even with large
bulbs. D. chrysanthum is another which naturally starts to grow now, and
should not be hindered in the least from doing so, though on the other hand
it should not be pushed by giving great heat. The temperature of the
ordinary Intermediate house will suit it admirably. It should always be
grown in hanging baskets, and requires but little re-basketing, though when
this is necessary it should be done now, and very carefully.

Another good old winter-blooming Orchid is Phaius grandifolius,
though it is not usually out by Christmas. The best grown plants
of this and allied species which I have yet seen, have been in
ordinary plant stoves, and potted in turfy loam freely intermixed
with broken rubble and sand. The usual conditions of these stoves
seems to suit them to a nicety. The same remarks also fully
apply to Peristeria elata, another lovely thing which flowers in late winter:
It requires exactly similar treatment, excepting, perhaps, that a little more
care should be exercised when watering, as too much water is apt to cause
the pseudobulbs to become spotted, and eventually decay. During the
winter this fact should be particularly observed.

Masdevallia tovarensis wlll soon commence to produce its pretty little
white flowers. It should be kept moist, but see that it does not become
too wet at the root, nor occupy a very cold position, or the chances are
that the leaves will drop off, and the plant become seriously injured. It is
best to remove it to the Intermediate house during winter. In fact, I find
generally that none of the Masdevallias are any the worse for a slight amount
more warmth than the Cool house supplies during winter, though, if kept
fairly dry at the root they will stand a considerable amount of cold without

Injury. It is too much water, at the root and in the atmosphere, during
‘winter, that causes the leaves of M. Harryana to become so disfigured.

Barkeria Lindleyana, B. cyclotella, and B. Skinneri are now in flower.
Compared with most other cultivated Orchids they are not particularly
showy, but when well-grown and bloomed, they are very pretty and
graceful, and their pretty sprays of blooms are very light and effective when
arranged with other flowering Orchids. They are of exceptionally easy
culture, and should be placed on blocks or rafts in an Intermediate house,
in the full sun, and kept well syringed during summer; and during winter,
a good rest should be given. They rarely, if ever, do well unless so treated.
In case of exceptionally severe weather, see that the glass ends of the
houses have some warm protection against cold, and that some suitable
covering be placed on the roofs during the night. Much less fire heat is
then necessary, and consequently the atmosphere is the more genial and
health producing. Also make provisions against possible long frost. by
getting in and storing a reasonable supply of fresh sphagnum moss.

lia

;

ee, Ne eee hs
7 id

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 369

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID
SOCIETY.
THE first meeting of the month was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester,

_ on November gth. Present : — Messrs. Shorland Ball (in the chair),

Thompson, Leemann, Parker, Warburton, Cypher, Johnson, and Weathers
(hon. sec.).

A very fine display was forthcoming at this meeting, and from the new
names we see cropping up from time to time it is evident that the love of
Orchids is greatly on the increase in the neighbourhood of Manchester.
The mode of granting awards by this Society, viz., purely upon the merits
of the flower exhibited, without regard to the fact of its having been
previously certificated, appears to keep up the interest of members in the
meetings, and induces them to send up their plants, and we are very pleased
to be able to congratulate the Society upon the excellent display of exhibits
staged.

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), showed a very
fine form of Oncidium Forbesii, and Cypripedium xX Actens, the same
plant shown at the last meeting of the Society, but the flower was now
much more expanded and richer in colour (First-class Certificate). This
exhibitor also staged an interesting miscellaneous group, amongst which
we noticed the beautiful terra-cotta Lycaste X Balliz,a fine plant of Cypri-
pedium insigne albens with six flowers, C. i. aureum, C. X Leeanum
magnificum, C. X Moensii, and several well-grown Oncidium varicosum
O. Forbesii, and Dendrobium formosum giganteum.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed the
magnificent Cattleya x Hardyana Countess of Derby, seen for the first
time at this Society’s meetings, and to which a First-class Certificate and
a Silver-gilt Medal were given, also C. Bowringiana Stand Hall variety, a
wonderfully round flower of good colour and substance (First-class
Certificate), Lelio-cattleya x Statteriana (A.M.), and a good form on.
labiata. This exhibitor also staged a very fine group, in which the above
were included, together with many fine specimens of Cattleya Dowiana
aurea, C. labiata, and Dendrobium Phalznopsis, and to which a Silver-
gilt Medal was awarded.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Cattleya
labiata Sir George White, a most beautiful full and round form of flower,
with pure white petals and sepals, and the lip with dark purple centre
and a white margin (First-class Certificate), C. 1. The Czar, and a Cypripe-
dium seedling (villosum x Harrisianum superbum), an interesting and
pretty hybrid which the Committee expressed a wish to see again. This
exhibitor also staged a splendid group amongst which were included the

370 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

above plants, the rare Cattleya labiata Peetersii, and many fine plants of
C. labiata, also various forms of Cypripedes. A Silver-gilt Medal was
awarded to this group.

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed the
beautiful Cattleya labiata Cooksoni (First-class Certificate), Cypripedium xX
Stoneo-Sallieri X villosum aureum, C. Charlesworthii, C. x Loewegrenianum
(Spicerianum X Io grande), and Odontoglossum crispum.

Mrs. Gratrix, Whalley Range, showed Cypripedium insigne Sandere
(First-class Certificate).

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), showed the
magnificent Odontoglossum crispum Lindenii, to which was awarded a
First-class Certificate and a Silver-gilt Medal.

W. Grimble Groves, Esq., Windermere (gr. Mr. Robertshaw), showed
a fine specimen of Cypripedium insigne Sandere carrying five flowers
(First-class Certificate), and a wonderfully grown plant of Cattleya x
Mantinii nobilior (First-class Certificate and Cultural Certificate).

Richard Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), showed Lelio-
cattleya x Pallas, (crispa X Dowiana chrysotoxa) with labellum very
dark purple in colour and drawn back in the centre, and petals and sepals
of a dull purple (A.M.).

Edward Holt, Esq., Prestwich (gr. Mr. Murphy), showed a fine plant of
Cypripedium insigne Sander (First-class Certificate), a well grown plant
of C. X Arthurianum, and Cattleya labiata.

T. Baxter, Esq., Morecambe (gr. Mr. Roberts), showed Cattleya
labiata coerulea, a small flower with a peculiar bluish patch on the
labellum (A.M.), C. 1. roseum, Cattleya Dowiana aurea, and two fair forms
of Odontoglossum crispum.

Mr. Upjohn, gardener to the Earl of Ellesmere, showed two fine and
well grown specimens of Cattleya Bowringiana, for which a Vote of
Thanks was awarded.

Mr. Edge, gardener to J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey, showed a
yellow form of Cypripedium insigne named Nellie.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, showed Crypripedium x magnificum (Pollet-
ianum X insigne), to which an Award of Merit was given, and three
yellow forms of Cypripedium insigne. The same exhibitor also staged a
miscellaneous group, for which he was awarded a Silver Medal.

At the meeting held on November 23rd there was again a very fine
display. The Members of the Committee present were :— Messrs. Shorland
Ball (in the chair), Law-Schofield, Thompson, Leemann, Dr. Hodgkinson,
Messrs. Lovell, Baxter, Warburton, Parker, Holmes, Cypher, Stevens,
Johnson, and Weathers (hon. sec.).

G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Gibbons), showed

THE ORCHID REVIEW. Sis:

Cypripedium xX Fowlerianum (C. X Harrisianum superbum X bellatulum), |
an exceedingly fine hybrid, with large, round, flat dorsal sepal, wide petals,
and good in colour throughout, to which a First-class Certificate was
unanimously awarded.

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill), showed
Cypripedium x Sir George White (C. x Leeanum giganteum X concolor),
a hybrid of very good form and substance, though weak in colour, but which
may improve in this respect, as the flower did not appear to be fully
expanded. .

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange (gr. Mr. Stevens), showed
Odontoglossum xX loochristiense ‘‘ Canary Bird,” with sepals and petals
of a very distinct canary colour, and lip white with brown markings
(F.-c. C.), O. crispum Meteor, with flower of perfect form, but of a
somewhat undecided pinkish colour (A. M.), and Miltonia x Bleuana.
The same exhibitor also staged a small but select group, including several
other good Odontoglossums, for which he received a Vote of Thanks.

Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hal. (gr. Mr. Johnson), showed Lelio-
Cattleya x Ingrami superba (A. M.), and Cattleya x Hardyana.

John Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed Lzlio-
Cattleya x Yellow Prince (xanthina X Gaskelliana), a very beautiful
hybrid with petals and sepals of Indian yellow, and the lip suffused with a
rosy tinge over the lower part, and deep orange throat (F.-c. C.); L.-c. X
Captain Scott (L.-c. x elegans grandiflora X C. labiata flammea—A.M.),
L.-c. X Clonia, Cattleya x Maroni, a very beautiful variety (F.-c. C.); C.
x Lady Ingram (Eldorado X Dowiana aurea), C. X Mrs. Herbert Greaves
(Harrisoniana xX Gaskelliana — A.M.), Cypripedium insigne Sandere
(F.-c.C.), and C. X Leeanum superbum. This exhibitor also staged a very
fine group containing many other striking things, for which he was
awarded a Silver-gilt Medal.

Samuel Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), showed
Cypripedium x Samuel Gratrix (Leeanum giganteum X nitens—A.M.),
C. x F. Howes (Salleri x villosum aureum—A.M.), C. insigne, and Leelio-
cattleya X Amelia. :

Mrs. Gratrix, Whalley Range, showed Cypripedium insigne excelsior,
C. X Perfection (A.M.), and C. i. Ernesti.

Thomas Baxter, Esq., Morecambe (gr. Mr. Roberts), showed Odonto-
glossum crispum guttatum xanthoglossum (A.M.), very distinct in colour
and markings, and two other fine forms of O. crispum.

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), showed Cy priped-
ium insigne Sanderz (Fac.C.).

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed a
seedling Lzlio-cattleya derived from L. anceps ? and C. Bowringiana d,

372 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

bearing a single first flower; Cypripedium X Tityus (A.M.), C. insigne
citrinum, C. X T. B. Haywood, and C. xX barbato-Curtisii. This exhibitor
also staged a very interesting group, consisting principally of Cypripediums,
including C. insigne Sandere, Harefield Hall variety, Uplands variety,
and many good spotted forms of insigne, also C. bellatulum, callosum,
and X nitens magnificum, for which he was awarded a Vote of Thanks.

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), showed Cattleya
labiata White Queen, C. X Olivia, Cypripedium xX triumphans (F.-c.C.),
and Odontoglossum crispum.

Richard Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), showed
Cypripedium xX Hitys superbum (Sallieri x cenanthum superbum), Cattleya
labiata Gilmour, very much in the way of Cooksoni (F.-c.C.), and Lzlio-
cattleya X eximia reversa.

R. de Doux, Esq., West Derby (gr. Mr. Archer), showed two plants of
Cypripedium X Olga Bagshawe (cenanthum superbum x callosum).

Mr. H. Partington, Glossop, showed a fine specimen of Cattleya labiata,
for which he received a Cultural Certificate, and C. 1. marmorata.

Mr. Cypher, Cheltenham, showed Dendrobium Phalznopsis atro-
sanguineum (A.M.), and a small group, amongst which we noticed Cypri-
pedium insigne punctato violaceum, C. i. magnificum, anda pretty yellow
form, also C. X Leeanum Bourtoni, and C. x L. giganteum.

Mr. Keeling, Bingley, showed Cypripedium x magnificum (Pollettianum
X Insigne giganteum).

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THERE was a brilliant display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James Street,
Westminster, on November 7th, which was largely due to the presence in
quantity of the fine old Cattleya labiata, and it is curious to note that this
species carried off all the First-class Certificates awarded at the meeting.
The members of the Orchid Committee were :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the
chair, and Messrs. E. Ashworth, H. Ballantine, H. J. Chapman, J. Colman,
J. Douglas, J. G. Fowler, J. T. Gabriel, T. B. Haywood, E. Hill, J. Jaques,
C. J. Lucas, A. H. Smee, F. J. Thorne, R. B. White, W. H. Young, and
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.).

R. Brooman White, Esq., Arddarroch, Garelochead, sent some two-
dozen fine spikes of Odontoglossum crispum, selected from over two-hundred
in flower in the collection. One very beautiful form approached O. c.
xanthotes, but had broader rounded flowers, with a deep yellow blotch in
the centre of each sepal, and a row of similar spots round the margin of the
lip. O.c. Geraldine, shaded with rose-pink and blotched with red-brown,
was also very handsome. The group received a Silver Banksian Medal.

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 373

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Bank House, Acrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), sent
Cattleya labiata Gilmoure, a handsome white form with a violet-purple
blotch between the yellow disc and the broad white margin. It received a
First-class Certificate.

Leopold de Rothschild, Esq., Gunnersbury House, Acton (gr. Mr.
Hudson), staged a group of brightly coloured forms of Cattleya labiata.
A First-class Certificate was awarded.

A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Hackbridge, showed a fine and very
richly coloured form of Cattleya labiata, to which a First-class Certificate
was given.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell, also staged the
brilliant Cattleya labiata, and received a First-class Certificate.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook), sent
Lelia pumila Ashworthiz, a pretty white form tinged with pale lavender,
also an interesting group of Cypripediums, including a very large form of
C. insigne, C. x Louisa Fowler Harefield variety (both from C. insigne x
Chamberlainianum and from the reverse cross), and several other interesting
hybrids.

Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr.
Murray), showed a handsome hybrid Lzlio-cattleya of unrecorded parent-
age, but much resembling L.-c. X Decia.

Major-General Gillespie, Brynderwen, Usk, sent a very pretty form ot
Odontoglossum x Andersonianum.

A. S. Hitchins, Esq., Clyton, St. Austell, sent the charming little
Paphiopedilum x Hitchinsiz (insigne X Charlesworthii), which was
described at page 335 of our last issue.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
sent a pretty light form of Cattleya labiata, C. Bowringiana concolor, with
flowers uniformly pale-rose, and Lelia pumila Low’s variety, with a bluish
tint on the lip.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, sent Cattleya labiata Princess
of Wales, a charming white form with a slight tinge of pink in the centre
of the lip, and in front of the light yellow disc. It received a First-class
Certificate. Ae

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, staged a brilliant
group to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained many
fine forms of Cattleya labiata, the beautiful yellow Cypripedium insigne
Laura Kimball, Catasetum callosum, Lelio-cattleya x Novelty, good
forms of Oncidium Forbesii, Sobralia Lindeni, and a fine well-flowered
specimen of Dendrobium Coelogyne, to which an Award of Merit was given.

Mr. Ed. Kromer, Bandon Hill, West Croydon, showed Cattleya
granulosa gigantea, a very large form with flowers six inches across, and

-

374 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

fifteen good and distinct forms of Cattleya labiata, one called C. 1.
Kromere being tinted with slaty-blue. A Bronze Banksian Medal was
awarded to the group.

Mr. James Douglas, Edenside, Great Bookham, also received a Bronze
Banksian Medal for a pretty group, comprising Aerides suavissimum,
Coelogyne Massangeana, and some good spikes of Cattleya labiata and C.
Loddigesii.

At the meeting held on November 21st there was again an excellent
display of Orchids for the season. The members of the Orchid Committee
present were :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. Ashworth,
Bond, Chapman, Colman, Crawshay, Douglas, Fowler, Haywood, Hill,
Jaques, Little, Sander, Smee, Thorne, Winn, Young, and O’Brien
(hon. sec.).

Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Chapman), staged a fine
group of Cypripediums, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It
contained a fine series of C. insigne varieties, among which the following
were noteworthy :—C. i. Sandere, C. i. Laura Kimball, C. i. Balliz,
C. i. citrinum, the noble C. i. Harefield var., C. i. punctato-violaceum ;
and among other species and hybrids must be mentioned C. Charlesworthii
magnificum, C. X Arthurianum, C. x Ashburtone, C. Buchanianum,
C. X Leeanum giganteum, C. x cenanthum superbum, C. xX Niobe,
C.:X: Tityag, Ge: X Pitcherianum, C. x Morganiz burfordiense, and
others, all being beautifully grown. An Award of Merit was given to
C. X Milo Westonbirt var., a very fine form derived from C. x insigne
Chantinii and C. X cenanthum superbum. The dorsal sepal is white, flaked
and spotted with rose and purple, and the petals and lip rich bronzy purple.

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whiffen), staged a
very effective group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It
contained the fine Cymbidium Tracyanum, Lelia autumnalis alba,
Lelio-cattleya x Hon. Mrs. Astor, a finely flowered Cattleya maxima,
three good plants of C. x Mantinii, and a good series of C. labiata forms.

Sir James Miller, Bart., Manderstone, Duns., N.B. (gr. Mr. Hamilton),
sent Cattleya x Mrs. J. W. Whiteley (Bowringiana x Hardyana
Massaiana), a very pretty hybrid allied to C. X Mantinii, to which an
Award of Merit was given. The flowers are bright rose-purple, somewhat
darker on the front lobe of the lip, and a purple band between this and the
yellow disc.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), sent
Odontoglossum crispum Meteor, a fine blush white flower with some
rose-coloured markings, and O. x loochristiense “Canary Bird” (crispum X
triumphans), a very charming bright yellow form, with some brown spots
co the sepals and lip. An Award of Merit was given to the latter.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 375

R. Ashworth, Esq., Ashlands, Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), sent
Oncidium Forbesii and a dark brown form of the same, also a fine form of
Cattleya labiata called “ White Empress,” having pure white flowers with
a crimson-purple spot on the lip.

W. A. Bilney, Esq., Fir Grange, Weybridge, showed a fine series of cut
spikes of Cattleya labiata, also a fine inflorescence of Vanda coerulea, and
another of V. Sanderiana.

Frau Ida Brandt, Reisbach, Zurich (gr. Mr. Schlecht), sent out blooms
of two handsome Pescatoreas called P. Gairiana and P. Dayana splendens.

H. Little, Esq., Baronshalt, Twickenham (gr. Mr. Howard), showed a
fine lilac-coloured form of Cattleya maxima, with pretty reticulated lip.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a superb group, to which
a Silver-gilt Flora Medal was given. One of its principal features was a
beautiful series of five Laelia Perrinii hybrids, Lelio-cattleya x Decia,
L.-c. X Statteriana, L.-c. x Semiramis, L.-c. X Lady Rothschild, and
Lelia X juvenilis, in most cases several examples being shown. The
hybrids of Cattleya Bowringiana are also very useful at this season, and
included in the group were C. X Mantinii, C. X Ariel, and C. X Portia.
Other fine things were Lzlio-cattleya X Dominiana langleyensis, L.-c. X
Atalanta, Epidendrum X Endresio-Wallisii, and a series of Cypripediums,
specially noteworthy being eight plants of the beautiful C. insigne Sandere,
C. x Euryades, C. x Tityus, C. X marmorophyllum, C. x CEnone, a
Actens, C. x Enid, C. X Arthurianum, &c. An Award of Merit was
given to Cattleya x vestalis (maxima ? X Dowiana aurea g), a very
distinct and beautiful hybrid, most resembling the seed bearer in shape, but
the flowers rather larger and light blush-pink in colour, with some
beautiful rose-purple veining on the front lobe of the lip, and some orange
in the throat.

M. Ed. Kromer, Roraima Nursery, West Croydon, sent a nice group Of
Cattleya labiata, including two striking forms, C. 1. Kaiser Wilhelm II.,
having the sepals and petals broadly banded with deep claret red, and the
lip also marbled with the same colour, in the way of C. 1. Peetersu, and
C. 1. “ Brazil” having the lip ruby red with a white disc.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, staged a fine group,
um with four strong spikes, a fine example of
Cycnoches chlorochilon bearing an inflorescence of three female flowers,
the handsome Cypripedium insigne Laura Kimball, C. x Milo, Lelio-
cattleya x exoniensis, L.-c. X Nysa, L.-c. X Decia, &c.

Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, staged two round
baskets of Masdevallia tovarensis, each containing about seven plants, which
were literally covered with their beautiful snow-white flowers ; also several
baskets of Cypripedium insigne and C. Spicerianum, equally well grown.

including Oncidium varicos

376 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CYPRIPEDIUM CALLOSUM SANDER#&.—Gard. Mag., Nov. 18, pp. 728,

730, with fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM X IANTHE. (abnormal).—Amer. Gard., Oct. 28, p. 737,
fig. IgI.

CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE LAURA KIMBALL.—A mer. Gard., Nov. 11, p. 767, -
fig. 196.

CYPRIPEDIUM X KIMBALLIANUM.—Amer. Gard., Oct. 21, pp- 718, 719,
fig. 186.

CYPRIPEDIUM X OLIivia.—Gard. Chron., Nov. 4, p. 339, fig. 113.

CYPRIPEDIUM STONEI PLATYTHNIUM.—Gard Mag., Nov. II, pp. 710,
711, with fig.

DENDROBIUM TREACHERIANUM.-—Journ. of Hort., Nov. 23, pp- 444, 459,
fig. 82.

La&iio X Mrs. M. Gratrix.—Journ. of Hort., Nov. 3, p. 377, fig. 71-
Gard. Mag., Nov. 25, p. 748, with fig.

L&LIA-CATTLEYO X EUDORA MADAME ALBERT Hyre.—Journ. of Hort.,
Nov. 9, pp. 406, 407, fig. 75.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM DAaPHNE.—Gard. Mag., Nov. 18, p. 728, with
fig. This appears to be a form of the polymorphic hybrid O. X Denisone.

ORCHIS SPECTABILIS, L.—Neub. Gart. Zeit., Nov., p. 481, t. II.

ZYGOPETALUM GAIRIANUM.—Gard. Chron., Nov. 25, p- 401, fig. 129.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in some
caes, for various reasons, they have to stand over for a future issue. In the case of hybrid seedlings
sent for name, the parentage and history should always be briefly stated, for without these details we
are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily.)

I.C, The seedling “Cypripedium barbatum x C. Canham” seems at present rather
small in the dorsal sepal, but may improve as it becomes stronger. We do not find a name
for it.

H. J. H. Cypripedium x Leeanum giganteum may have been fertilised in some way with
its own’ pollen, for we find no trace of either Charlesworthii, cenanthum superbum, or X
Creon. The seedling seems to be simply a form of the polymorphic C. x Leeanum.

H. A. B. Odontoglossum x mulus, a natural hybrid between O. luteo-purpureum and
O. gloriosum.

Photographs received with thanks. R.W.R.

A. C., 0.0. W., J. G., T. S., and others. Next month.

Owing to the curtailment of space in the present issue, occasioned by the Index, several
notes and articles are unavoidably held over till next month,

INDEX.

ACINETA colossa, 169 ; Hrubyana, 169.
Ada aurantiaca X Lielia glauca, I

Aerides Lawrenceze Sanderianum, 285;
odoratum, 194.

Anderson, James, death of, 198.

Angreecum lisii, 81 ; Sanderia m, 186;

sesquipedale (x Lelia acptrain, 14,
x Vanda pre aga 14; X Veitchii, 63.
hove wee oa Clowes
Ancectochilus Origiesii ~~ Rollissonii, 55-
Ansellia confusa, 306 ; » 306.
- Ansellias from the omen
Ants, 247.

~caeenearigrtn pectinata.

which fertilises Carieues 290.
=e Major-General Emeric S., death
Bolleas, 213.
Reni. cattievs bellaerensis, 2.
Bulbophyllum modestum, 222 ; nutans, 222.

es x albata, 322 ; curculigoides, 84 ;
Englishii, 278; X a =i ore Ruby, 92 ;
revertens, 30; X
—. 115; deciduiode, * 246, 360;
rl

29.
Calendar of Operations, 22, 56, 85, 114, 147,

178, 210, 244, 281, 311, 342, 304
Campanemia uligin
Canham, F., death of, 3
Catasetum Bungerothi 2443 oa 253;
discolor, 93; labiatum, 280; tabulare, ae:
Cattleya ™% Aclandie

eee a7 cg

amethystoglssa a(x E. xX O'Brienantim,
radicans), ae > fee 314

\ : At a, 285; Bo i)

ringiana, 344, ‘cbacenee re Ce -E

E. osman

Hebe, 63 ; citrina, 154, 163, (

tis grendifiora), 14 4; chocoensis Stella, 26;
x e, 319; X Claesiana, 72 ; Dowiana
Littie’s var, 349 rado, 303; E.

lebelands var., 222} E. Walli 303 ; x
Firebrand, 253; Gaskelliana_(capturin
fly), 290; G. alba, a" 9,3 ; sa,

248, 251 ; G. picta,

gigas Sanderee, 338; pened Dijanceana,

32, 200, 279, 290, 291s

317, 32%, 335 338 350, 3035 XH.
. » 354

oniana, xX Juliet, 251; X na-
stiana A a eriana, 340
labiata, 362, 373; 1. Boltoniana, 27 ma
c lea, 8: i i

37°
Gilmoure, 362, 375, 3735. heatonense,
339; 1. Kaiser Wilheim IL, 3753 |

Cattleya—
Kromere, 3743
9

1. Petersii marmorata,
1. Princess of Wales, 3733

1 Sir

(x Trianz), 267; Vinckeana, 157;
Leopoldi, 226, (X endrobium Phal

nopsis), 15 ; Loddigesii, 73, 225, 352 L
Harrisoniz, 352 ; nniana (with

. 155 5 anus,

M. J. 248; M. Mrs. Shipway,
251 ; M. Perfection, 102, 2205 M. princeps,
uorn House var. 155 5 x Min-

2

M. Beauty of Bush Hill, 2 ; M. excellens,

250; M. gloriosa, 215, 217% M. Goosen-

siana, aos M. m ta, 187; M. Law-

renciz, 250 } Cc. H. Feiling,
; I ;

delicata, I :

Harefield variety, 102; T Imperator, 99 ;
4 orth, 102; T. Lindeni, 92 ;
T. Mrs. S. Gratrix, 61 ; T. West Bank
Ho , go; X vestalis, 375 arnerl,
194, (X velutina), 285 ; Warscewiczil, 53
. 148, 20 - (x Lelia Dayana), 219,
(flower f (white), 23235

ng + at
Countess of Derby, 354; X weedoniensis,
ei, 254, 293 5 x W. Wigan's

catleya God Pi cli), 12; crosses, 278; Fly,

; seedlings, 200, 31 » 324, 334-
Curing; 148, 149, 213, 245, 367 ; yellow, 364.
ilus gr 3

ee, Mr. ;
Chysis bractescens, 153- :
Claes, Florent, on Odontoglossum crispum,

305-
fe 126; cristata, 39,
atc! athe: pol 123; Micholitzii, ie :

pulchella,

377

378

Cogniaux and Goo y

Ceevevane

Cogniaux, ridatac cl Orchidéenne, 2; Flor |
Brasiliensis, 1 ; prize for botanical Work, |
Dictionnaire |
Keonagraphigue di des Orchids, I, 67, 161,
225, 205,
Correspondence, 64, 96, 128, 160, 192,
256, 288, sa 352, 376.
bellaerensis, 2.
Coryanthes macrantha, 77, 290; maculata,
39.

Cc
375°: Ser
burneo- ‘Lowian num

; tigr in z
: haratat riba. 154.
Cypripedes, monandrous, 268.
Cypripediez, .
Cypripedileze
Cypripedilum, 5 37, 79, 71 ; acaule, 134.
Cypripedium x Actens, 26, 3095. A. de

bingleyense, 287, a ; Calceolus fe
Phr. ragmipedium Xx Sedeni), 143 caliber
x Ca 209;

214; 2 er eet
Holford, 287 ; caudatum Wallisii, W5aic
Fed 5 Ree Richman;
5. Charlesworthii 261,

mte Adrien de Germiny, 2 543 X conco-
villosum, 185; x Crom 6 i

ieri bino, 61 d-
manianum, 79 ; x Duchess of Satherlend.

Elliottianum af efroyz),

: x Eros, 15 exul, 161, 265;
F airrieanum, I 32, ie (entered as,) ee ares
F. 371; X_ Flamingo, 182; x
Fowlerianim, 378; Fred. Hardy, 323 ; x
Garbari x
(

ay

Georgianum, 28 ;

wii,
TAssce oe $
insigne, 103, 172, 173, (yellow var. s" 121;
t oe x beers Peake nae, 155;
i. Dormanianu rnestii, 27 ih

exul, 265; i. Harefield ‘Hall variety, =
90, 121, 152;

siamense, ase:

INDEX,

ous pedium—

splendens, 27; i. Stattera, 156; 1.
adelante um, 26; xX Isabelle, 28; :
: 287 ; x {okbols, 329, 330
, 3185 xX rest 65

x’ Kerchovianum, I2I
Lathaminim a bee ;

L. magnificum, oF x Lady
Isa bed 295; Lady Maple, 254; xX
Lawrebel Q2.5 36 udianum, bi
eeano - Chamberlainianum, 13

x
penne 173, (as a wild plant), aa 322 ;
x L. aureum, 62; x

x
x Mansellii, as 155; ;

magnificum, 370;
Marriottianum, 28 ;

£435

Rehder, 255; X Moensii, 347; x Mons.
x Mons.

de Curte, 61, 62; Elysee
Descombes, 330; Mrs Coakaat 131;
Mrs. Edgar Cohen, 29 ; L.
Ames, 330; X Mrs. Margaret Hye, 61;
x s. Rehder, 189; x dii, 28; x
Niobe (xX Fairrieanum), 132, 16 x
nitens magnificum, 61 ; superbum. 61;
niveum 184, (as a parent), 28; n. grandi
florum, 153; n. maculatum, 318; X a,
28, 350; X Orion, 77, 95; X Parkerianum,
7 - Tate’s var. 63; ndulum,
249 ; X Perfection, 371 ; x Pitcherianum,
27; preestans, 216; xX Premier, 249, 254;
x Prince ard of York, 2 Roths-
childianum (x seiligerium). 249; R. Elliot-
lanum, 62, 97; R. ntum, 187;
rotundum, 154; nS, 2853. X
rubrum, “ag et en,” -272, 473,
3II ; S. Hyeanu $4
Samuel fo Me 3785 aiguae 28 ;
x Schofieldianum supe

autzianum, 158; X
tessellatum porphryeum, 347 ; x T. B. Hay-
wood, 61

i » 37
x Vanhoutteanum, 71; x itchii- Mor-
ganiz, 287 ; X vexillarium supe 61
x bin so Sey hig eo I

311; v.magnificum, 153 iertzianum,

89, ae. x Winkted Hollington, 153, 3303
Tigo, 348.

Cypripedium, 37, 7°, 1533 crosses at Bury,

70, 133; seedlings,

21; quest 10n >» 5s ie
74) 324.

INDEX,

al pom 57, 365; group of at Streat-
— 289 ; Habit oe >i Indian, 310, 322;

k development in, 30.

diam, © $7:

DENDROBIUM X Ainsworthii, 90, 99, (as

Clio, 102, 123 ;
158; x Clytie, 100, 1533 "Cee logyne, 373 ;
crassinode, 2 ot Cra assinodi- Wardia

(Thompson’s variety), 121 ;
cobile. 189 ; crumenatum, 843 X
gen var., 156, 15 x. GC. eum,
ousieanum,
ido, 100;

130;
x Dominianum, 9I,
I

ebe, 100 ia ; xX hessleen
heterocarpum, 9 Huttoni,
Imogen, 159; Johannis, 1743
21 240%; x ee 100, 120, 121;
melanodiscus x Nesto a nobi
99, Ng pe scelings) I 38, ae)
128 ; floru ; n. Am

var., 153
acum, 90; n. nobilius, 120, ix aplenditia
simum grandiflorum), 35; }- en are ;
°

7
anum, 121; X_ pallens,

Rubens grandiflorum, 103, ! 23;
Schneiderianum, 123 3 > splendidissimum
giganteum, 120; X s. grandiflorum, 120
(Thompson’s var.), ae 123; XS illustre,

123; x s. Leeanum, 123; X SY il, 123 5
x The Pearl, 1 ; % Thompsonianum,
6 ae ; hi 123, 164 ;
Victoria-Regina, 262 ; — ae , 9,
297, (abnormal), 138, (as d-parent),
mee, 268, 3 4, (hybridisng) a (seed

on), 231; Wea um 21; Vs

aid um, 102; W. ace ae ee!
whiteeldense at ; gear xantho-
— : w. xanthocentrum,

379

| Dendrobium crosses, 277, 334; seedlings,

Dendrobiums, 89, 149, 244, 365-

Diacrium bicornutum, I = 179.
Didymoplexis pallens, 272.

Dies Orchidiane, 5, 36, 69, 132, 196, 227,

259, 3
Disa X Diores. Clio, 255.
Disa, 60; hyb
Douglas, a cpl 227.

EMERICELLA, 9
Epicattleya X Mrs. James sarvogs 4
Epidendrum atropurpureum, 180 ;

oO
a
©
5
or
5
,
o—~
2)
mar)
oe
B35
ie
Eo
wn
a=}
Cc

Paphiopedium niv um), 15; f. megal
thum, 197; Frederic Galen: ( x radicans),
A235 x langleyense, 223; Laucheanum,

O35 Mt us x O’Brienianum (x

mbe
; Wallisii, 222.
2 of, 45-
eso 254, 2593
x rdicoparporat,

219.
Epporce os — 154.
E erv,
Eulo hia anpes <e is, 272; virens, 2
pres ella Se ici 154, te " 328 ;
25

Peetersia I 322, 328, 358,
( Se etd ae ‘of), 258; Sp-, 258.

FEEDING Orchids, 109, 3 » 357.5 ammonium

osphate, 144; car of ammonium,
74, ae Snosphoric acid, 144; pot sium
itrate, 144, salt-petre, 144.
Fly caught by vag a
Fog, —

bescens, 270,
P minor, 2703 , tessellata,
Grammatophyllum “a 358 ;

aoe Henry, pope of, 339+

Gymnadenia conopsea, 27

380 INDEX.

HABENARIA chlorantha (abnormal), 205. ; Lelia
Heemaria argyroneura, 55 ; ollissonii, 55. Maeatisres: 196, 197, 228; p. Schreederi
Hansen, The Ore LA 97, 254. (xX C. Schroederz), 254 ; p. Stata

Si 197, 2143 Ragotiana, 219; tene-
iensis, 4 bro (x S x Hardyana), sae
Houlleia Brocklehurstianay 31 gigantea, 25954 Mai tor Warbartes +2507 6

t, Curiosities of Orchid breedin ages HE; Walto n Grange ar., 248 ; xanthina, 249.
ex aavigne in hybridisation and cr Lelia crosses, 334.
breeding, 234. Lelias, 344 ; Mexican, 246.
Hybridisation Conference, 44, 194, 227, 233, Lelio-cattleya x Ada a, 348 ; miral
awards at, 259, 281. Dewey 315, 316; x Aaciohas rae"
Hybridisation, ves artificial, 11; at Brad- lamanda, ©; X Amazone, 219;
ord, 334; a t Bury, 21; at Liscard, 231; Antimachus, 347; X Aphrodite, 239;
at Tyntesfield, 324; change of colour A. eximia, 251; x A. Madam Rey ft
after fertilisation, 165; curious crosses, Vey5 217 < _
3, 200, 269, 277, 334; evolution of Apollonia, 5 Arn diana, "215,
species. by natural, 12; failures, 253; X Be ioe. Fournier, oo x ble tch-
234; “fertilisation, method of, 42, 43; leyensis, 286 ; ca llistoglossa, ¥23
influe of the pollen parent, 332; J. Leemann, = ; X c. Leon’s var. 3175
ar noma on seed parent, 40; interesting x Canhamiana, 215; x C. alba a 2405-3 C.
crosses, 334; limits of —— 236; albida, 248; x C. Duke of York, 214; X
natural, 12; progress in, 69; reco ords, Cappei, 46 ; x Captain ope 371; x Cicero,
164. 310; X _Clonia, 347° x Cypheri 310; X
Hybridists, distinguished, portraits of, 226, Dominiana, 5 8 ; i .
228, 250; D. iangleye 50
“ Hybrid- -mongers,” 237. Duchess of York, 351 * Hare 353
Hybrids, 269; artificial, 11; British, 274 ; 259 5 xe elegans, 162 3.0. Bry.
described as species, 237 ; "fertility of, 12, na), 333: Ca so Woceusean rah :
235; hardy, tapes Te II, 12, 76, 105, (with three lips), 289 ; x 5 Littlea: ais ca
237,274; primary, 235 ; secondary, 235 ; Elstead Gem, 267 ; Empress of
stability of, pe sterility of, 235. indi la, 52; X Emesti Fh sn fs Sa 253
x Ethelwald, 3360¢°5<) Endora eximia,
INDIA, National Orchid Society of, 139, 248; x E. New Hall Hey var., 2 x
140, I eximia, 333; X Fire King, 228; F.K.
Indian Notes 139. Francis Mary, 228, 247 ; x Fortuna, 319;
Insect pests, a123 red spider, 212. Xx Frederick Boyle amocena;- 315. X
Gottoiana, 66, 90; xX Henry Greenwood,
KERCHOVE, Comte, portrait of, 3. 316, 339; x highburiensis, 153; X
Kew, new Orchid houses at, 229. Mrs. Astor, 152; X Hyeana, 191; X
Imperatrice de Russie, 127 ; M1,
L&LIA albida, 35 ; a. sulphurea, 2 ; x Alpha, 347 ; x I. superba, 3715; X intermedio- -
337 } anceps (x Lycaste Skinneri), 15 ; cinnabarina, 316; intermedio-flava, 3;
(varieties), 19 ; a. alba, (Bull’s variety), 27; x Iolanthe grandiflora, 214; X Isabella,
a. Burberryana, 31; a. Chamberlainia ana, 240, 200; X Josephine, 354; age ‘Lucia,
27 ; a. Crawshay’s var., g1 ; a. Leeman ni, 166; % Lucilia, 223; X Martinetii,
27 ; a. Protheroeana, 34; a rosefieldensis, 253) 2594 7 - flavescens, 194; X
62; a: Se hroederiana, 91; caulescens, massiliensis, 354: xX Myra_ Etoile
256 ; Cowani, 216, ue! 297; Dayana (x ns Tr, 156; X nigrescens, 291, 3373
anceps), 267; Digbyena, 232, (capsule), Pallas, 370; X Phryne, 287;
238; X Digbyano - purpurata, gis¢ x pes of Wales, 4; x radiata, 249,
Dominiana, §O se « (TOS@a,:: Ris xX 253; X Regina, 310 x Regine,
Euterpe Tyntesfield var., 350; Eyermani- 310; oe Sehillesasa, 296, 338, 339;
ana, 2; Gouldiana, 2, 33, 41; glauca (x x Semiram nus, 369:; x. Sit William
Lelia harpophylla), I po £56 oo am, 51; X Statterz, a3 t-
grandiflora), 15; andiflora}, teriana, O03 su erbo-elegans,
harpophylla ne Dighiooadiue: rilecuan 317 52x tyntesfieldensis, 51; x Verelii,
208; xX 315 5 ; Jongheana, 173, 340 ; X warnhamensis, 66 ; Hypatia, 953
261, 284, x tona, 154; x Wellsiana, 349; x Wiganiana, 285 ;
majalis, 215 ; "Matriotina, 2; x Mrs x Wrigleyi, 359; x Yellow Prince, 371.
M Gratrix, S495 358 x nigrescens, Limestone, 146.
254, 291, 3373 X Omen, 31; Perrinii, 353, | Lindley and his eines 291.
375; Lag og. pulcherrima, 287; | Lueddemania Lehman i, 218.
purpurata, 170, 194, 299; (x Cattleya | Lycaste x Balliz, rye ere Denningiana,
Schrpdene) 259; gee! 228, (white), 3153; Imperator, 154; X Janete, 360;
200, p. Annie Lou use, 196, 197, 214, 218, leucantha, 2; get ng ie has Laelia

228; p. Ashtone, 22; ; p- Mrs. Re] anceps), 14; S. alba, 12

INDEX. 381

MACODES argyroneura, 55; Rollissonii, 55:
Manchester and North of En —_ d Ore
Society, 26, 61, 89, 102, 152, 183, 21 4) rin
284, 315, 347, "369 3 medals, 225 ; winners
of medals,. 187.
peralis. x Acis, 226; X Courtauldiana,
Curlei, 91; x talenia,- G77. =
; Hebe. I

Osa, 203; Rushtoni, 250; x Shut-
“ryan Chamberlainii, I 373 ventricularia
eee, 263.
Masdeval Ilia
Mas E Majce. death of, 230.

Masters, Dr. Max well T. eth
Maxilri Sgodeow go; Turneri, 158.
S, _Go ilection of Cypripediums
at The Woodlands, Streatham, 227.
omegrar cuneata, 157 ; poe 59, 178;
d cotensis, 218; v. Lindenia, 220; v.
Meiers G:..D. Owen, 2 232;

, death of, 355.
Mormodes, luxatum: eburneum, 79.

NaMEs, changes of, 229; oe 108 ;
co mposed ofa angle word, ae ; a ge
of four or five w ze ;

in, 229; of hybrids, 69, 106; law of riorit
133; Laws of Botanica eit

*70; rules of R.H.S. Nom
mittee, 13 ; uniformity in, 1 ee use of the
vernacular, 107, 108.

ODONTOGLOSSUM X pcan 167; X A.
As Ea abies ony 2h A. ‘ascinator,
a Wigan, 158;

A. Richioitiaeaar: Pic: x ey
num, 185; x <A. Wiffenii, 158;
Andersonianum, 93, 120, 143, 198; X
: cig cs 186, 191; X A. Golden

tigri-

aspidorhinum ;
he
cirrho-

X crispo-Hallii,
crispo- Hiren 4, 135; crispum, 99,

ge €), 205 ;
; (in its _— Laer 131, "325 3 ;

Odontoglossum—
- acho type), 327; (with six stamens),

190 Sir Redvers Buller, 348 ;
Seraphim, 250 ; c. Sultan, 126; c. virginale,
121; c. xanthotes (Brooman White's var.)
354, 3723.¢ Bedi aged x Den
194 Chestertoni, pvr ‘
(X Urockinnen), aj: xX
Hyeanum, 126; X e. Mc
e. nobilior, 156;
327;

Beanianum, 189; 2
pectabile, 124; gloriosum,

28; grande (yellow var.), 319; 8.
Pitt's ear 349 ; Hallii, 102; H. Lairesse-
num, 217; 4H. leucoglossum, 33 ;
x harvengtense, 167 ; hastilabium, 151;

% Humeanum, 153, 277; Hunnewellianum,

I. hystrix ’ 21 :

°
2 2S

533
ueen vas 185 ;
121, 32 +O osefie Oe

R. Rachford’s var., 63; Xx

lens, 124;

den iti ay
Primate, to : 3s Christian,
57 eo Oucen Given: I rere x W.

382 INDEX,

ee
— 122; XxX W. tigrinum, 124;

Sp,
Oddostoglossums, 150, at Loochristy, Ghent.

of 110, Ill ng, 2
Ch. V \ Vuylsteke’s peat ng, 4; Ste.
330, (in winter), “ty I 31.

cri
151; Forbesii, 34: x Gardener, 67; x
hematachilum, 273, 293 ; hastiferum, 299 ;
incurvu m (xX O ontoglossum nieces

3 00 .

chum sibs 347; Papilio, 119 ; sarcodes,
117, 232; tigrinum, 347; varicosum, . 152,
363; v. concolor, 161; v. Rogersii, 27,

393-

Oncidiums, 117, 119, 342.

Orchid-bark for ornament, 266.

Orchids at Mee 333; at Burford, 262;
at Calcut 139, 164; at Claregate,

Society, 29, 62, 91, 124, 155, 188, 221, 250,
285, 31 349, 372; (awards), 2 1;
(special prizes for new eitch

8q-, 277; C. of Fred. Hardy, Esq., 323:
C. of J. W. Arkle, Esq. 298; C. of R. le

hod of, 84; flowers
ing —— 206; freaks among, 205;
from Bury, 54 ; exican house, 88; in

ew Guinea, 278; in season, 9, 39,
ss 143, 170, 207, 239, 279, 295, 338, 362 ;
ew, 278 ; newly imported, 58,211; Notes

346 ; seedlings, 75 ; curious, 557.3 ;
slipper, 133; Venus’s foot, 5,6; Venus
slipper, 5.

; hybrid, 15 3 167 ; : seit nares hybrids
eedlin He

|
|

Orchigymnadenia X Legrandiana, 27
Orchis pete O. maculata), 105 ; latifol
36, 137; 1. alba, 136; |. angustifolia, 2743
lata, 105, 274.
Orchises, wild in the garden, 360.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X Arthurianum, 194; X
ease eel a 37, 48 ; barbatum,
(abnormal), 225, 268 ; = niveum), ~_
Boxallii vicars 138; _ callos

8; Chaiaberlainianam,

235, aed ae 331, iooe in
x edm

capsules of), eed ianum, 91,
132; X Edymion, 47; x Fitchianum, 5
Fortuna, loo ; x Harisianum superbum,

a

40; X Hebe, 68; x Helvetia, 336; X

Hitchinsiz, 335) 3733; X Iago, 48;
ign

Lathamianum, 443 x <x Leeanum giganteum,
87; 3B y x adiotianum, 47, 1323
Mastersianum, ‘s bas Murillo Cyris, 25
453 o-Spiceranum, 34
“Olre Bacshasee. oa a Ollendorti,
oe - a 162 3
Rossianum, 35, are
Rothschildianum, 65, 3 x Scylla, ri
mense, 276; St. Hilda, 333
biog ——- gp Riie i
rica — lia ha ae phylla), a :

Volon x Zeno, 48.
Papiiiopediians As a4 38, oo, 133 (crosses
276.

ph nae a hybridising, 4o.
Paphiopediu Arthurianum, 17, 18

lus), 14; insigne (Xx Cattleya Bowring-
lana), 15; endrobium um),
15; (xX Odontoglossum crispum), 14;

agmipedium Sedeni), 143

13; X Simonii Actens, 11 ; —————
magnificum, 17, 18; x Tityus, 17, I
pg si on Ro woit “i i te tlme to
; seedlings, 16.
Paphiopediums, a group of winter-blooming,

Peramium Menziesii, 271.
Peristeria elata, 368.
Peristylis pebe tenes, 4; madagascariensis,

Pescatoreas, 21 213.
Phaio-calanthe x insperata, 287; x Niobe,

95-

Phaius X D. S. Brown, 95; ae
368; (xX Calanthe x Veitchi), 269; X
Joiceyanus, 127; xX Norman, 96, 103;

cebe, 166, 190.

INDEX,

Phalenopsis, 115, 171, 344.
sig alznopsis amabilis, 6, 633 Apimiane 6,

127; X Ariadne, x Cassandra, 127;

~ haga: aia xX FL ane 68; grandi

2153 Hermione, 99, 127;

Kunater prs Lacddemansiain, 1543

Mrs. J. H. Veitch, ; rosea, 2;

Siaderiada Wigan’s var., 217 ; Schilleri-
ana, 139; tetraspis, 9; X Wiganiee, 92

Photographs v. ia ae 36, 324.

Pecar as neailads by 305. 7 71.
Saragenpesnits x cardinale Vanneri, 98 ;
Geralda, 336; — grande (abnormal),
205; —§ edeni, 2 2
Phragmipedium, 29.
spe rae m X Sedeni( x Paphiopedium;
insigne), I
Physurus Grae.
Pleiones, 344.
Pleurothailis stars a puncailaly 162 ;
Roezlii, 1 villosa, 294.
Ba conia carte 272; plicata, 272.
Pogonias
get:

296.

ie Lawrence 262.
ORTRAITS — UM X Veitchil 64—
ANSELLIA caiman els ; congoensis, 320
—ARPOPHYLLUM laxiflorum, 32—ASPASIA
lunata,352— BULBOPHYLLUM manclibulare,
352—-CALADENIA Carnea, 32; C. alba, 32
TLEYA _Bowtingiana Lady Wigan
a, 288 ; labiata lilacina,
224;
manniana alba.
256;.- M. Princess
Mossiz (specimen plant), 224 ; M. Beauty
of Bush Hill, 352; Schilleriana superba,
288 ; Trianz coer rulescens, 224; T. lucida,
288 34; Villegontieri an3 . amc
2 Whitei 28 <i tala EON

?
Cy MENSA

Arg rganiz. Art
pulchellum, 352; igeeatkemn Choteks
losu

352; callosum Sandere, 256, 376
ou teen Holford, 320; Godefroyz sues
chilum ig ‘ Gowerianum, 32; X

Hau mo , 352- x. lanthe (abnormal),
370 sais Harefield Hall var., 64, 96 ;
Kimball, 376 ; i. sobilius, 2345 x
KimballiaWelin; x macrochilum
giganteum ( (abnormal), 192; Mastersianum,
s Louisa Fowler, 96; x ©

Stonei Spo eae 192, 376; X beg
~ Mes m (and eleven varieties), 288 5

ni, 320 ; ing’s variety,
a x Wie rtzianum, 128 ; sido a
Lloyd, oe 192; x Wottoni, ‘64—DEN

272.
of ‘eel 12; value of in classifi- |

383

Port
oe ions 96 ; Sie gop a eK
Cybele. Aron Si ety, 160 ; fimbriatum
Sates 192 ; eg 0, 963. x. micans,
256; nabile ete Huteum, 128 ;
— gee n.

12

latifolium, ee : joan ele oe x
Drymoda Bee 320—EPI-

CATTLEYA Mis. O’Brien, 64—

LALIA anceps Amesiana

128 ; a. Sanderiana (specimen plant), 128 ;

x Gratrix, 376; Perrinii leuco-
p 32; praestans alba oculata, 224 ;
urpurata Annie Louise,

Digbyano-Triane,

3
Gelenyana, 160; mus oma 283 ; x )
ria memoria Lindeni,
32—ODONTO-

x
256; x C eucoetaeckicne, 2245 Ge
Wes use var., 192; spum
(specimen plant), 96; (with three stamens),
24% <. riscO, 224; C.
ianum, I c. augustu ;

160; c. Franz Masere I, 288 ; -
bulum, 288 ; c. La Merveille, 128 ;
Czar, 32; c. Madam Metdepenningen,

eg ee
Sultan, 126;
Harryano-crispum, ea Sastaboees Cope
men plant), ; polyxanthum, 192;

Ruckerianum var. Gournayanum, Soy
Schlieperianum var. xanthinum, 352;
Soleil de Muysen, vane : os Wilckeanum
var. Ginotia num, | W. —

—PHAIUS X, x
LANOPSIS X Luedde- violacea, 256;
ip

224; x Mrs. J. H. ce ot
Schreedere, 224—SACCOLABIUM cies,
224; guttatum, 192; SCHOMBURGKIA

384

Portraits—
Lyonsii, 320, 352 —- SELENIPEDIUM X

Empress, 288, 320—VANDA Kimballiana
28 teres, 138 ILLA aromatica,
320; planifolia (in frui

ZYGO-
PETALUM Gairianum, 406 xanthinum,
52.

Promenzea stapelioides, 263; xanthina, 263.
Pterostylis papuana, 278.

REICHENBACH and a rE
Re-potting, ) 87, 115, 1

natural hybrid —
; Hybridisation aiawad from the stand-
sont of systematic botany, 35, 236.

SACCOLABIUM calopterum, 304 ; papillosum
272.
sg ar Lyonsii, 285 ; tibicinis, 290 ;
undulata (x Epidendrum radicans), 76.
Sdlehionaitnen 5, 38.
Selenipedium, 7; x Geralda, 336.
i 2 85.

S v. photographs, 36, 324.
Spathogionis Fortunei, 350.
Specklinia ciliaris, 294.
— in Orchids, 31 ;
spyers, J. C., the late, 243.
Siguresattians x Cleopatra, 5A75:x Pha
na 209; X

ardyana, 209,
n Empress, 255, 258.
Sophrolielia x lata superba, 127.
Sophronitis grandiflora, 25, 344, 3
tle (

352; (X
Cattleya labiata), 13,

x Cattleya

INDEX.

Sophronitis—
chreederze), 14, (xX Lelia anceps), 13;
Rossiteriana, es 2.
Stanhopea eburnea, 113 ; ; ae gia F133
Rodigasiana, nod ; tigrin
Stauropsis lissochiloides, ae 3; Warocmcmaiig

Stenorhynchus speciosus, 194.
Stevens, Mr., death of, 35.
Syringing,

TEMPLE SHOW, 191, 215.

Thrip, 23,24; 116, 212; yellow, 74.

Thunia Bensonze superba, 216 ; x Brymer-
ia a 248.

Thunias, 88.

Ta duces 147.

Trichopilias, 181.

VANDA XK ameena, 134; X Cha cache
133 ; coerulea, 165 ; Hookeriana, 179 5-X
Miss Joaquim, 204 ; Roxburghii, 271, (at

home), 202; Sanderiana, 289, 315; es,
163, 179, is it a good ood bearer ?), 20
rsbury Park v

Gun 255.
Vanilla fimbriata, 278 ; Hart 278; planifolia,
93, 320; Wightiana
Vanilla culture, 41; ; in the Seychelles

Vanilla saute for market, 42.
Vanillas aise 202.
Arcee res 86,

Veitch Memorial ‘Medal, Zor

WAROCQUE, G., death
Watering Orchids, 314, oa aoe 312.

ZYGOBATEMANNIA X Mastersii, 46, 92.

Zygopetalum x Odontoglossum, 20

Zygopetalum crinitum, 265 ; intermedium,
366 ; Mackayi, 265 ; Protheroeanum, 287.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE.
Angrecum Ellisii is .: ee BI
Cattleya Mendelii, abnormal ... igs SAT

Lelia x nigrescens

Odontoglossum Cervantesii ... Frontispiece

Me chiriquense ... 49
4 x Coradinei ‘bisa 305
is crispum heliotropium 177
‘s x Denisonz Chester-

toni cs eet Set

Oncidium x hzmatochilum ...

PAGE,

Paphiopedilum niveum.. ati ma 145
Paphiopedium x Arthusjailial 2 ages
‘a insigne Ernestii aa e ©:

a insigne Sander a 17

5 x Leeanum giganteum 17

ay xX Minos ee Perea i |

“4 Spicerianum ... ei 3

x Tityus “us ign 3

Seahcicatiio a x Hardyana . 209
Stanhopea eburnea err 2

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