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vajee ees
PAGE
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Paphiopedilum x “Maudize (Fig. a
: ee Orchids from Seed

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‘ |
~ Royal Horticultural

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re mach regret a an » unavoidable delay inthe i issue eof t the present number.

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founded, as a monthly repertorium

EIGHT years ago the ORCHID REVIEW was
d interesting to Orchid growers.

of information likely to prove useful an
The undertaking has been warmly supported from all quarters, at home
and abroad, and the record of the work has been one of steady progress
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a ve believe, will materially enhance its popularity and usefulness.

With the commencement of the new year—we might say the new
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~ the small additional sum necessary to defray the cost of postage. The
alteration involves no other change in the work; out policy in the future,
as in the past, will be to make the work as valuable as possible to all lovers
of this beautiful group of plants, and to keep pace with the growing needs
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2 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A CENTURY OF ORCHID GROWING.

On the threshold of a new century we are tempted to glance back at the
achievements of the past one. To write its history would be almost to
write the history of Orchid cultivation, so few were the species to be found
in gardens a hundred years ago. A number of beautiful kinds had been
introduced, though the majority barely managed to produce flowers before
making their exit. At the commencement of the nineteenth century, Orchid
culture, as we now know it, was practically non-existent — no peat, no
sphagnum moss, no basket culture, no heating by means of hot water. One
can scarcely speak of it as in its infancy, though the germ had been laid.
Orchid-growing in the eighteenth century forms an interesting chapter—it
may be found at pages 44-48 of our second volume—and it is the culture
with which our era commences, but it is not the culture of to-day.

Incredible as it may seem, the year 1800 seems to have witnessed the
advent of the first East Indian Orchids, when, thanks to the exertions of
Sir Joseph Banks, three species of Geodorum and Acampe multiflora were
introduced, together with Aérides odoratum from Cochin China. For
several years afterwards the annual additions to the list were very moderate.
The early years of the century witnessed a most praiseworthy attempt to
overcome difficulties in Orchid culture, which seemed well-nigh insuperable,
owing to a very imperfect conception of their requirements, for we find them
grown in tanner’s bark, decayed wood, hazel loam, sawdust, and what-not,
in the hottest of stoves, and when they failed—as was not unnatural—the
cause was often attributed to their supposed parasitic nature, and their
culture was considered hopeless, for it appeared “a vain attempt to find
substitutes for the various trees each species might affect within the limits
of a hothouse.” It was only by degrees that these pernicious doctrines were
dispelled and the foundations of a rational system of treatment were laid.

In 1817 we find the basket system of treatment first adopted by Sir
Joseph Banks, though the light wicker-work then used has been discarded
for something more substantial. Cattleya labiata first appeared in 1818,
and Cypripedium insigne at about the same period. Disa grandiflora and
Oncidium Papilio also put in an appearance in 1825. At this time we find
that the Horticultural Society had by singular exertion succeeded “ in
forming such a collection of this tribe of curious plants as was never seen in
Europe before,” consisting of about 180 tropical kinds. Messrs. Loddiges
had also in their stoves at Hackney about eighty-four kinds, belonging to
some thirty genera.

The second quarter of the nineteenth century witnessed an enormous
development of Orchid culture, and it was not until this period that the
foundation of our present system ‘of treatment was laid. The Horticultural

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3

Society took a prominent part in sending abroad collectors in search of
novelties, and their introductions, of course, included large numbers of
Orchids, which unfortunately seldom survived long the treatment to which
they were subjected. Lindley, who greatly wished to remedy this, under-
took some inquiries into the conditions under which these plants grew in a
wild state, and embodied his results in a paper read before the Society in
May, 1830, in which he recommended heat and plenty of humidity as the
two most essential conditions (Trans. Hort. Soc., ser. 2, i., pp. 42-50). The
altitude at which many of the plants grow was unfortunately not taken
into consideration—indeed the facts were not then known—so that Lindley’s
recommendations failed to effect the improvement which he confidently
anticipated. A remark, however, that “the time is not distant when the
beauty cf the Dendrobiums and Bulbophyllums of India, of the Oncidiums
of the West Indies, of the Aérides of China, and of the Epidendrums of
Peru, will add acharm to every hothouse,” was prophetic.

Importations were soon pouring into the country, but as Messrs. Veitch
remark, “too often only to tantalize the purchasers with a transitory sight of
their beautiful flowers and curious forms, and then to languish and die,” in
the hot, steamy, unventilated stoves to which they were consigned on their
arrival, “to the temperatures of which they were as great strangers as to
our severest winter frosts.” Protests soon followed against the “ folly of
subjecting Orchids which naturally grew in a temperate climate to the
stifling heat of an Indian jungle.” Allan Cunningham from Australia, as
early as 1835, followed by Skinner, who had collected Orchids on the
Cordilleras of Guatemala, Gibson, in the Khasia hills, Gardner, on the
Organ mountains, William Lobb, in the Peruvian Andes, and Mottley, on
the mountains of Java, all pointed out how unnatural the existing method
of treatment was. Meantime a few intelligent gardeners at home perceived
the necessity of some radical change of treatment, and one of the earliest
was Joseph Cooper, gardener to Earl Fitzwilliam, at Wentworth, who
adopted a lower mean temperature and admitted fresh air into the houses.
The effect of this treatment may be seen in a remark made by Dr. William
Hooker in 1835:—‘‘I must confess that the sight of this collection, whether
the vigorous growth and beauty ef the foliage, or the number of splendid
species blossoming at one time be considered, far exceeded my warmest
anticipations.”

The Duke of Devonshire, stimulated, it is said, by the sight of the re-
markable Oncidium Papilio, began to form a collection in 1833, and three
years later it contained upwards of three hundred species. In 1837 he sent
Gibson on a mission to the Khasia Hills, which resulted in the introduction
of a large number of novelties, and as the collection was continually being
increased from other sources, it became in ten years the largest private col-

e

4 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

lection in the country. It was under the charge of Joseph Paxton, who
gradually introduced a more rational method of treatment, and with most
beneficial results. Lindley visited Chatsworth in 1838, and thus recorded
his impressions :—‘‘ The success with which epiphytes are cultivated by
Mr. Paxton is wonderful, and the climate in which this is effected, instead
of being so hot and damp that the plants can only be seen with as much
peril as if one had to visit them in an Indian Jungle, is as mild and
pleasant as Maderia.”” In 1834 Paxton commenced the publication of his
Magazine of Botany, and in the earlier volumes may be traced the steps by
which he gradually emancipated himself from the prevailing errors. His
teachings and example, it is hardly necessary to add, were not lost on his
contemporaries, and the growing success gradually led to a great extension
in Orchid culture.

Our third period may have said to have opened with a series of articles
in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for 1851, entitled ‘‘ Orchids for the Millibn,” by
Mr. B. S. Williams, then gardener to Mr. Charles B. Warner, at Hoddes-
don,which ultimately developed into the well-known Orchid Growers’ Manual,
a work whose influence on Orchid Culture may be estimated by the fact
that it has since gone through seven editions.

The second great event of this third period was the inauguration of the
process of hybridization, by Mr. Dominy, in Messrs. James Veitch & Sons’
Nursery. In October, 1856, Dominy startled the Orchidic world by
flowering his first hybrid Orchid, Calanthe x Dominii, which drew from
Dr. Lindley the weighty remark, ‘‘ Why, you will drive the botanists mad.”
The seed had been sown in 1854. Dominy began to hybridize Orchids at
Exeter in 1853, and continued the work for upwards of ten years, during
which time he raised a series of twenty-five distinct hybrids. The influ-
ence of his work upon the development of Orchid culture can scarcely
be estimated ; suffice it to say that to-day almost everybody raises hybrid
Orchids, and that it is tothe hybridist rather than to the importer that we
now look for a succession of novelties. The history of the question has been
exhaustively treated in these pages, and here we must leave it.

One other great event of this period must be mentioned, namely the
introduction of the numerous Odontoglossums and other cool Orchids from
the great Andine chain. A few had already been introduced, but as
rapidly lost. Now, however, commenced the era of the cultivation of
“Cool Orchids.” The knowledge of their existence had gradually been
accumulating, and a determined effort was now made to introduce them
alive. Accordingly in 1863 we find Weir, Blunt, and Schlim all starting
for New Granada in search of them. They travelled respectively for the
Horticultural Society, Messrs. Hugh Low and Co., and Mr. Linden, and it
is recorded as a curious coincidence that the three collectors named all

THE ORCAID REVIEW. 5

found themselves sailing for the same destination, in the same steamer, and
on the same errand. How well they, and others who followed them, suc-
ceeded is matter for history. The close of the period we are speaking of
witnessed a great development in Cool Orchid culture.

The commencement of the fourth quarter of the century found the
country in the midst of the boom in Cool Orchid culture. The index to
the Gardeners’ Chronicle for 1876 contains under the heading ‘‘ New Garden
Plants described ’’ notices of seven Masdevallias, and in the preceding year
of no less than eighteen ; while the record in all other departments during
this and succeeding years was one of rapid progress. Of the events of
this period we have scarcely time to speak, and it is the less necessary
seeing that many of them are within the memory of living Orchidists.
Suffice it to say that it has been a period of remarkable development in
every branch of Orchid culture. Among its more important landmarks
may be mentioned the establishment of the Orchid Album in 1882, of the
Lindenia in 1885, the great Orchid Conference held in London in the same
year, with its continuation at Liverpool in 1886, the commencement of the
Reichenbachia at about the latter period, of Veitch’s Manual of Orchidaceous
Plants in 1887, the formation of an Orchid Committee by the Royal Horti-
cultural Society in 1889, the establishment of the Orchid Review in 1893,
and the formation of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society in 1897, all of which testify to the growing popularity of this
beautiful group of plants. The period was also marked by the appearance
of a constant stream of imported novelties, and towards its close by the
rapid succession of hybrids raised at home.

So much for the nineteenth century; may the cult increase and multi-
ply in like manner during the twentieth !

FALSE HYBRIDS.

We have apparently another addition to make to the list of ‘“ False
Hybrids ’—those curious aberrations in which the mother parent alone is
reproduced, though the hybridisation was carried out with due care. A
flower and leaf sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall,
Bury, are apparently forms of Paphiopedilum tonsum pure and simple, but _
Mr. Wrigley states that his register shows it to be the result of fertilising P.
tonsum with the pollen of P. niveum, the operation having taken place
in February, 1897. The seedling seems to have flowered rather quickly,
and we fail to find any trace of the influence of P. niveum. It seems to
afford a parallel to the case of P. barbatum X niveum, recorded at page
201 of our last volume, in which the influence of the pollen parent was not

apparent,

6 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DIES ORCHIDIANZE=

AT last! the locality where Swainson collected the fine old Cattleya labiata
over eighty years ago has been discovered, as I learn by the very interesting
article at page 362 of your last issue. It is certainly a remarkable
circumstance that the much desired information should have been on record
all the time, and some of the collectors must have read the article with
mixed feelings. We have been told that probably there is not one of the
large dealers, in England or on the continent, dead or living, who has not
spent money—a large sum too—in searching for the plant ; that collectors
have struck a path through almost every province of Brazil, and also
searched the neighbouring countries of Venezuela and Colombia, but with-
out result, until about ten years ago, when, quite accidently someone
stumbled across it at Pernambuco — where, mirabile dictu, Swainson
originally discovered it. I wonder what that information would have been
worth twenty years ago.

It is interesting to find that the parentage of another natural hybrid has
been proved. The appearance of Lelio-cattleya x Gottoiana some ten
years ago came as a surprise, and it is a curious circumstance that it should
have led to the discovery of the habitat of Cattleya Warneri, which up till
then was credited to a quite different locality. The hybrid first appeared
in an importation of Lelia tenebrosa, when its origin seemed inexplicable,
and afterwards in an importation of Cattleya Warneri, and the circumstance
ofits being intermediate between the two indicated pretty clearly its origin.
‘Mr. Douglas soon afterwards crossed the two species together, and the
resulting seedlings agree so far with the wild type as to place the matter
beyond dispute. The list of natural hybrids with proved parentage seems
. to be growing steadily, and has received several additions of late.

There is another matter which points to the rapid progress which hybrid-
ization is making amongst us, and that is the constant stream of novelties
which appear—so numerous that some of them scarcely receive notice, and
make it almost impossible to keep in touch with all that is going on. It is
suggested by a correspondent that the compilation of an Orchid Stud Book
would be useful to Orchidists in the future. Such a work, however, would
involve several difficulties, and one of the greatest would be to know what
to include. It is urged that, as the numbers increase, we must have a
process of rigid selection, and the question is, on whom the responsibility of
such selection should rest. It is Proposed to limit it, in the first place, to
those hybrids which have received the award of a First-class Certificate at
the meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society and the Manchester

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 7

Orchid Society, which would lay the responsibility of selection with two
Committees of the best Orchid experts in the country. Theoretically, no
doubt, this would be an excellent method of selection, but it involves
several difficulties, though, perhaps, not more than any other system. In
the first place, the standard of excellence has varied greatly from time to
time, and some of the awards which were made in the past would not be
made to-day. (By the way, is this the reason why I frequently see in
some of the Press reports that such and such a previous award was
“confirmed” ?) Again, it may be said that the two Societies make their
awards on a somewhat different system, though, for the present purpose,
the detail is unimportant. Lastly, it may be remarked that some
meritorious hybrids do not come before these Committees at all.

It is estimated that about three hundred hybrids have now received the
award of a First-class Certificate, but whether this includes hybrids having
different names but identical parentage, I do not know. If so, the number
would have to be reduced somewhat, for all such should be treated as forms
of one, and come under a single entry, or the exigencies of an alphabetical
arrangement—if such were adopted—would place some of them far apart.

The admission of those to which an Award of Merit has been given
would extend the list enormously, but some of them are worthy of admis-
sion, and a few are scarcely inferior to others which have gained the higher
award. Perhaps in practice it would be found desirable to include the best
of these, in which case we should have to trust to the discretion of the
compiler. But perhaps some of these difficulties would vanish as the work
proceeded. In any case it would be a means of preserving the pedigrees of
the best hybrids, and would be of considerable value to those who are
interested in raising these beautiful plants.

——_—-

Probably the compiler of the Stud Book will encounter some difficulties
under the heading of Nomenclature. Some time ago the hybrid between
Paphiopedilum Charlesworthii and P. insigne was described and figured in
these pages under the name of P. X Hitchinsie ; then it was discovered
that it had also been named Cypripedium x Elmireanum. Now I see
at page 373 of the last issue of this work records of C. xX bingleyense
and C. xX Zethus with the same parentage. But we have also a C. X
bingleyense derived from Charlesworthii and Harrisianum (O.R. vii,
pp. 287, 291), which suggests some unfortunate confusion in the records—
a matter which, in practice, it seems impossible to avoid. Some day,
perhaps, some very fine hybrid with the same parentage will receive a
First-class Certificate under a totally new name, which may land the author

8 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

of the Stud Book in a difficulty, unless he is prepared to ignore the priority
question, and I fancy that there are some analogous cases already on record
if I had time to look them up.

I have recently received several letters and memoranda on this nomen-
clature question, and have also seen some remarks in print, on which I
may have to make a few comments, but not on the present occasion. There
seems to be a growing concensus of opinion that some of the confusion

which we all deplore might be avoided if only some concerted measures were — —

taken to prevent it. Here is an opportunity for some practicable
suggestions.
ARGUS.

THE CATTLEYA FLY.

I HAVE to-day had a new experience of the Cattleya fly. I enclose some
of this year’s bulbs of C. labiata. You will notice the hole made by the
escaped fly is half-way up the bulb. Hitherto I have never found the fly
grub anywhere but at the base of the bulb. One of the enclosed bulbs I
have left unopened, but the chances are that the fly is out. In the small
bulb you will find some small flies just ready to come out. This plague
seems to have been introduced with a batch of imported labiata. Iam
going to fumigate extensively twice a week for some weeks, and that should
prevent any spread of the pest.
J. Wicson POTTER.

[The examples sent seem to suggest that if the young pseudobulbs have
made some progress, and assumed their characteristic shape, before the eggs
of the fly are laid, the larva may develop without showing much evidence
of their presence, until they reach maturity and bite a hole by which to es-

cape. This is what has happened in the present case, for there are several ©

holes by which the flies have escaped, and we fear they will be heard of
again lateron. A section of the bulb shows that part of the tissue has been
eaten, and the remainder is discoloured and unhealthy. If the shoots are
very young when the eggs are laid, their growth is arrested, which circum-
stance may lead to the detection of the enemy before the fly is mature. The
smal! growth sent contains two or three active, living flies, just on the point
of escaping, and ready to lay more eggs and continue the mischief. They
are exactly identical with the one figured at page 241 of our last volume
from a photograph sent by Dr. Hoisholt. We fear that new importations
of Cattleya labiata must be regarded with suspicion, as the pest is frequently

introduced with them. We hope that this experience will put others on

their guard, and we advise constant watchfulness,—Ep.]

a Ss ba Pema RS lial ee noel ee ie renee. / seo er Nenee

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 9

AUTUMN-FLOWERING LALIAS.

THE Méxican autumn and winter-flowering Leelias include some of our

most beautiful garden Orchids, and this season they have made a_ fine
display. We now reproduce a photograph showing three very striking forms,
two of which are well known, but the third we believe still remains unique.

L&Lia X FINCKENIANA (fig. 1) appeared in the collection of the late
C. W. Fincken, Esq., Hoyland Hall, Barnsley, and received an Award of

Fic. 1. L&LIA X FINCKENIANA

Fic. 2. L. X GOULDIANA. Fic. 3. L. ANCEPS SANDERIANA.

Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society in December 1892, and a year
later it was again exhibited, when it received a First-class Certificate. . It.
came home in a batch of Lelia anceps in 1889, and two years later it is said
to have been picked out by Mr. Fincken on the supposition that is was a.
natural hybrid, on account of the distinct appearance of the pseudobulbs |

10 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

and leaves. The belief was well-founded, for on flowering it proved to be
intermediate between a white L. anceps and L. albida, from which it is
believed to have been derived. Its intermediate character is well shown in
the figure. After Mr. Fincken’s death the plant passed into the collection
of E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow, where it now is, and we
have not heard of the appearance of any other plant. _It is very beautiful,
and the two certificated scapes bore respectively five and six flowers.

L. X GOULDIANA (fig. 2) was introduced by Messrs Siebrecht and
Wadley, of New York, in 1888, and the stock was acquired and distributed
by Messrs F. Sander & Co. It is believed to be a natural hybrid between
L. antumnalis and L. anceps. It is also a great beauty, and received a
First-class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society in 1890.

L. ANCEPS SANDERIANA (fig. 3) is one of the best known white forms of
the species. It was introduced by Messrs F. Sander & Co., it is said, from
the Pacific coast of Mexico, and was described in 1885. In January 1887
it received a First-class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society.
Some such form as this was probably one parent of L. X Finckeniana, and
we should like to see the result of crossing the best white form of the species
with L. albida.

HABITATS OF MADAGASCAR ORCHIDS.

(M. G. WarpurR, a Belgian collector who has recently introduced some
very interesting Madagascar Orchids to this country, has furnished some
notes of the conditions under which he found the plants growing in their
native habitats, which will afford useful hints to growers as to the methods
of treatment likely to prove successful. We can only wish that such notes
were always forthcoming when new plants are introduced, as, in many
cases, they would be extremely valuable, and prevent a good deal of
perplexity and disappointment.—Eb.}

CYNORCHIS PURPURASCENS grows generally on the prostrate stems of a
species of Pandanus near the riverside in the high forest, at an altitude of
1,000 to 1,200 feet. Sometimes it grows in tufts of Asplenium Nidus,
on large trees, at a considerable height above the forest floor. It flowers in
March and April, and seems to like an intermediate temperature with much
moisture and half shade.

CYMBIDIUM RHODOCHILUM (Rolfe) is a. scarlet-lipped species which
always grows on masses of Platycerium on the branches of high trees
(chiefly of Albizzia fastigiata), near the rivers and on the higher slopes of
the forest, at an elevation of 1,800 to 2,100 feet. It flowers in October,
November, and December, and seems to prefer a moderate degree of
humidity and much light. The rest of the flower is green.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 11

CALANTHE Warpurt (Rolfe) is an epiphytal species, which grows in
tufts of Asplenium Nidus, and other species of fern, on the stems of
small trees, not far above the ground, often on slopes and near the riverside
in the high forest at 1,200 feet elevation. It flowers from April to June.

CALANTHE MADAGASCARIENSIS (Rolfe) always grows in shady places on
the lowest part of slopes, in moist clay and humus, often on the riverside
in the high forest at 1,000 to 1,200 feet elevation. The air is here very
humid and fresh. Flowering season April to June.

EULOPHIA MONOPHYLLA is a dwarf Orchid that likes the flat and open
parts of high valleys. It grows in quartzy dry soil, between short grasses
and other small plants, in sunny and dry places at 1,200 to 1,800 feet eleva-
tion.

All these plants, and others, are in cultivation at Kew, and an inter-
mediate temperature is the best for them.

G. WARPUR.

THE PAST YEAR.
THE CONCLUDING year of the nineteenth century has not been marked by
any very striking event in the Orchid World, such as the Hybrid Confer-
ence of the previous year, but, for all that, it shows a record of steady
progress which augurs well for the future.

NOVELTIES.

One of the features of the past few years has been the steady decline in
the number of important novelties introduced from abroad, and the increase
of those produced at home by the energy of the hybridist, a feature which
the record of last year serves to emphasize. Apart from varieties, we do
not recall the appearance of any striking novelty from abroad, though
among botanical species the flowering of a few notable additions might be
mentioned, such as Masdevallia deorsa, maxillaria scurrilis, the two inte-
resting Madagascar Calanthes, C. Madagascariensis and C. Warpuri, and
the remarkable Trevoria chloris, but on turning to the list of hybrids a very
different condition of things presents itself. Of these plants we now seem
to have an almost constant supply, for scarcely a horticultural meeting
passes, either at London or Manchester, without one or more novelties
being exhibited. Those of the present year include sterling additions to
the ranks of the Cattleyas, Lzlio-cattleyas, Cypripedes, Dendrobes, and a
few others, whose names, parentage, and the awards they have gained. are

recorded in the reports of the different meetings.
CERTIFICATED HyYBRIDs.

Some idea may be formed as to the rapid progress in hybridisation by a
glance at the list of those to which the award of a First-class Certificate
was made by the Royal Horticultural Society during the year. They

_

12 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

number twenty-four, and are as follows:—Cattleya x F. W. Wigan,
C. X H. S. Leon, C. xX illuminata, Lelia x Edissa, L. x Mrs. M.
Gratrix grandis, Lelio-cattleya x Berthe Fournier, L.-c. x callistoglossa
excelsa, L.-c. X Heary Greenwood superba, L.-c. x Wiganiana, Epiden-
drum X Wallisio-ciliare superbum, Sophrolelia x Eros, Dendrobium X
Melpomene, Phaius X oakwoodiensis, Odontoglossum x Rolfez meleagris,
O. X R. optimum, O. x R. Walton Grange var., O. x Souvenir de
Victor Hye Lebrun, Phalenopsis x Schilleriano-Stuartiana, Cypripedium
x Dora Crawshaw, C. X Leeanum Prospero majus, C. x Maudie
(afterwards withdrawn, according to the record), C. x Priam, C. X
Sanderiano-Curtisii, and C. xX Sir Redvers Buller. A few of these are
not strictly novelties of the year, having been previously exhibited, though
not in such a developed condition as to gain the award. Those which gained
an Award of Merit would form a still longer list, but must be passed
over. The achievements of the hybridist are indeed remarkable, and
one cannot avoid a regret that many of these acquisitions must remain
rare for a long period, owing to the difficulty of increasing the stock.
NaTuraL Hysrips. |

Among natural hybrids must be included the interesting Cymbidium
x IT Ansoni, described and figured in these pages, and in this connection
we may mention the further significant fact that Odontoglossum X
Wattianum, Cattleya x resplendens, and Lelio-cattleya x Gottoiana
have now been raised artificially, thns demonstrating the hybrid origin of
their wild prototypes.

LOSSES DURING THE YEAR.

The losses by death during the year include the Marquis of Lothian, a
special lover of Masdevallias, who will be remembered by the monograph of
the genus issued by him, and illustrated by Miss Woolward; Mr. W. H.
Lumsden, an enthusiastic amateur, who, we believe, flowered the first
hybrid of Paphiopedilum Charlesworthii; Mr. T. B. Haywood, of Reigate,
formerly a member of the Orchid Committee of the R. H. S.5 Mrs Wa
Vanner, of Chislehurst, another enthusiastic amateur, Mrs. Colston, of
Devizes, M. Edward Pynaert, of Ghent, and, among the Orchid cultivators
of a previous generation, Mr. C. Pilcher, formerly gardener to Sisimund
Rucker, Esq., of Wandsworth. Mr. Phillip Crowley, of Croydon, Treasurer
of the R. H. S., also grew a small collection of Orchids. We also regret
the dispersal of the fine collection of Orchids brought together by G. S.
Ball, Esq., of Wilmslow. These are losses to Orchidolo
the ranks are being filled by constant accession
who discover in Orchid
who,

, but gaps in
s of young enthusiasts,
-growing an engrossing and delightful hobby, and
no doubt, will contribute their quota to that progress which we believe
will be still further emphasized in the Opening decade of the twentieth century.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 13

LALIA DIGBYANA AS A PARENT.

SoME time ago there was a legend that Lelia Digbyana was a complete
failure as a seed-parent. This was partially exploded when a fine capsul,
was produced in the collection of W. S. M’Millan, Esq., of Maghuel
Liverpool, as recorded at page 238 of our seventh volume. The matter has
now been carried a step further. A note in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for
November 24th (page 370), under the heading ‘‘ Orchids at Harefield Hall,”
records ;—

‘In a small hothouse, entered from the corridor, Mr. Ashworth pointed
out his greatest triumph in hybridising, viz., seedlings of a cross between
Lelia Digbyana (seed parent) and Cattleya Warscewicsii. Several of the
small, green, spherical bodies representing the plantsin the earliest stage
were to be seen, and as every care is taken to guard against mistakes, Mr.
Ashworth is as certain as he can be that he has accomplished what others
have failed to do, viz., raised a hybrid with Lelia Digbyana as the seed-
bearing parent.”

A week later Mr. J. M. Black, gardener to R. G. Thwaites, Esq., of
Streatham, recorded another example (page 404). He writes :—

“At Mr. Thwaites’ suggestion, and after so many recorded failures, with
little hope of success, I fertilized two flowers of Lzlia Digbyana last year—
one in July with pollen of Cattleya Warscewiczii, and one in August with
Cattleya aurea. Both crosses were successful, and the capsules duly
ripened, in each case taking just one year in the process. On examination,
there were clearly two kinds of seed in each capsule; the seed next the
column had a brownish tinge and was sound, as it proved when sown ;
while that next the flower stalk was white and fluffy, and did not germinate.
About one-third of the seed in each capsule had the power of germinating.
The hypothesis is that, owing to the abnormal distance between the stigma
and the ovary in Lelia Digbyana, the pollen tubes become exhausted in the
conducting tissue, coming into contact with and fertilising those ovules
only which are near the entrance into the ovary. The sound seed
germinated freely in both cases, and, with reductions incidental to trans-
planting and insect gowrmandise, we are now left with a considerable
number of each cross, the largest plants of which are making their third
leaf and sending out roots, and we are assured of carrying them over the
dead season. An abiding obstacle to the easy raising of Lelia Digbyana
hybrids, even when it is used as the pollen parent, is the ripening of the
seed near the end of the growing season.”

We have not heard whether any of Mr. M’Millan’s seed germinated,
but it is recorded as having been sown in three different collections.

14 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

THE HYBRIDIST.

Pap UM X Eos.

Tus is a very charming little hybrid, raised in the collection of W. M.
Appleton, Esq., Tyn-y-Coed, Weston-super-Mare, between Paphiopedilum
niveum ? aud P. Charlesworthii ¢. Mr. Appleton states that the seed
was sown in August, 1896, and that the plant, which has just flowered, is
quite small, and intermediate in character between the parents. The
flower sent is most like the seed parent in shape, having broad and short
elliptical-oblong petals, and the characteristic lip and staminode, but in
colour the influence of P. Charlesworthii altogether preponderates. The
dorsal sepal is of a very pleasing shade of rose-purple, somewhat
marbled with white between the nerves, and the petals have much of
the same colour, which also comes out onthe front of the lip. The
dorsal sepal at present measures 14 inches across, and the extension of the
petals is three inches. It is a dainty little gem, and Mr. Appleton must be
complimented on raising such a promising little plant, which seems to com-
bine the best qualities of both parents. It is interesting to find that P.
Charlesworthii imparts so much of its beautiful colour to its hybrids.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X CARDOSOANUM is a handsome hybrid raised by M.
Peeters, of Brussels, from P. barbatum Warneri ? and P. xX Leeanum
Albertianum g. Four quite dissimilar forms raised by Mr. C. C. Hurst,
F.L.S., of Hinckley, from P. X Leeanum superbum ¢ and P. barbatum
Warneri 3 show well the great amount of variation in secondary hybrids.
The darkest has the dorsal sepal richly coloured almost to the apex; a
second has more white, with purple nerves extending almost to the apex; a
third is altogether paler in colour, with much more white ; while the fourth
has the dorsal sepal green at the base, and the remainder white except a
few short purple nerves where the two colours join, and a broad, dark,
medium band approaching that seen in P. Spicerianum. It is an inter-
esting case of variation, and an example of the opportunity which such
plants afford for the selection of desired characters.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X ApRasTus.—Mr. Hurst also sends four forms of P.
x Adrastus, raised by him from the same capsule, the parents being P. x
Leeanum superbum ? and P. Boxallii ¢. These also furnish a remark-
able example of dissociation of character. One is a really fine form, good
both in shape and colour, approaching the one known as P. X A. Hurstii.
The dorsal sepal is marbled with brown, except for a clear green apex and
a narrow white margin; while another form has sharply defined blotches
throughout, and the green is absent from the upper third of the same organ.
The third has only a trace of green near the base, and the fourth is more

THE ORCHID REVIEW. ts

like a pale example of the form first named. Mr. Hurst has thirty plants
of this cross in bud, and more variations may be anticipated.

L#ELIO-CATTLEYA X CRANSTOUN# has evidently improved since it was
described at page 19 of our last volume. A three-flowered inflorescence is
now sent, together with a photograph, and the description being so recent
we may briefly add that the flowers are most like Lelia tenebrosa in shape,
and Cattleya Harrisoniana in size and colour.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X HITCHINSI& VAR. PICTUM.—This is another very
pretty little hybrid from Mr. Appleton’s collection. It was derived from
P. Charlesworthii and P. insigne atratum, the former in this case being the
seed parent. It differs from the typical form (figured at page 49 of our last
volume) in having the base of the dorsal sepal almost entirely suffused with
red-purple, from which extend broad lines of similar colour to some distance
beyond the middle, the remainder being white. The additional colour,
which comes from the dark form of the pollen parent used, renders it very
attractive, and as the plant is small at present it is likely to develop into a
good thing.

CaTTLEYA X CLARKI&.—A distinct and pretty hybrid has just flowered
for the first time in the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., of Teignmouth. It
was purchased in January, 1899, from’ Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., of
Heaton, Bradford, as an unflowered seedling derived from C. bicolor X
labiata, and the flower sent is just what might be expected from such a
cross. The petals are more than twice as broad as the sepals, both being
light rosy purple in colour, and the lip has the characteristic shape of C.
bicolor, but is considerably enlarged, and with a pair of small auriculate side
lobes, which envelope the lower half of thecolumn. The whole of the front
lobe and disc of the lip, right down to the base, are of a brilliant amethyst
purple, and the side lobes are white. It has only produced a single flower
at the first attempt, but will, of course, develop a raceme as it becomes
stronger. Mr. Clark states that the plant has five bulbs, which are fairly
intermediate in shape, the longest being about 5% inches long and bearing a
single leaf 7 inches long.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X ALBERTI.—A very distinct and pretty hybrid
raised in the establishment L’Horticulture Coloniale, Brussels, it is said,
from Lzlia purpurata and Cattleya velutina, and flowered at Moortebeek
in October last. The flower is most like the Lzlia parent, both in shape
and colour, but is reduced in size, and the expanded front lobe of the lip
bears a large, bright, rose-purple, feathered blotch, recalling in some
respects that of Dendrobium x Ainsworthii. A figure appears in the last
issue of Lindenia (t. 723). The sepals and petals are white, with a slight

16 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

tinge of pale yellow, and the lip is pretty similar, with the addition of the
feathered blotch above-mentioned. It is dedicated to Prince Albert of
Belgium. It is very distinct from any other Cattleya velutina hybrid, and,
without the above record, it would be difficult to name the second parent,
though it is clear that some modifying influence has been at work.

DENDROBIUM X Isis.—Some years ago the late Major-Gen. Berkeley,

of Southampton, effected a cross between Dendrobium moniliforme and D. °

hercoglossum (the former being the seed-parent). At the sale of the
collection six small plants were purchased by Dr. Cranstoun, Broad Street,
Ludlow, and one of them has now produced its first raceme of two flowers.
It bears clear evidence of its descent, the flower having much of the
characteristic shape of D. hercoglossum, somewhat modified in detail, and
the colour of the sepals and petals delicate blush pink, with the lip slightly
paler, without any colour on the disc. The flowers are also sweetly
scented. It seems to be a vigorous little plant, the tallest bulb being about
nine inches high, and the one now flowering measuring four inches. It
will doubtless prove as floriferous as both its parents. Dr. Cranstoun’s
gardener, Mr. Godfrey, remarks that there are also a few plants of it in
other collections.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X NITENS WRIGLEYANUM.—A flower of this large and
handsome hybrid, which received an Award of Merit from the Manchester
Orchid Society on November 8th, is sent from the collection of O. O.
Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers). It is excellent in
form, both the petals and dorsal sepal being very broad, and the latter is
prettily spotted. The seed was sown in 1893.

PAPHIOPEDILUM xX AUREUM VAR. RoGERsII.—This is another handsome
variety from the same collection as the preceding. It is result of a cross
between P. Spicerianum and P. x nitens, and bears some resemblance to a
fine P. x Leeanum, with an approach to P. villosum in the colouring of the
petals and lip. The shape is excellent. and the dorsal sepal measures
23 inches across, its colour being white, prettily spotted with lines of small
purple spots, which in the centre are nearly confluent into a broad light
purple band, and at the base is a small green area spotted with brown. The
petals are prettily spotted at the base, and in other respects show the modi-
fying influence of P. Spicerianum, as do also the lip and staminode. This
hybrid is notoriously variable, and about thirteen forms have received dis-

tinctive names, five of which are figured in the Dictionnaire I conographique des
Orchidées.

PIS ee SO ee ae ee

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 17

PAPHIOPEDILUM x MAUDI/,

THE accompanying figure represents the very interesting and beautiful
Paphiopedilum x Maudiz, which was exhibited at the Royal Horticultural
Society’s meeting on November 6th last by H. Worthington, Esq., Whalley
Range, Manchester, and to which it is said that a First-class Certificate was
awarded, but subsequently withdrawn, because the flower had been fer-
tilized, and therefore could not be spared for a painting to be made in
accordance with the Society’s Rules. The photograph, taken by Mr.
Worthington, was exactly natural size, and measured 4} inches from the

Fic. 4. PAPHIOPEDILUM X MAUDIA.

apex of the dorsal sepal to the front of the lip, but our illustration 1s
reduced to two-thirds. As already recorded, its parents are P. Lawrence-
anum Hyeanum @ and P. callosum Sandere ¢, and its intermediate
character is well shown in the photograph. We presume that it is out of
the batch raised by Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., one of which received a
First-class Certificate at Manchester in September last. It is a most
beautiful plant, and it is interesting to note that it is as true an albino as
both its parents. It is now clear that albinism is a character which can be
produced true from seed, and we may except to see the knowledge applied
to practical purposes by our hybridists.

cee ee

18 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

RAISING ORCHIDS FROM SEED.

An interesting note on Mr. Hislop’s method of raising seedling Orchips
occurs in an article on Bletchley Park in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for
December 15th (page 434) :—

“Like most experts, Mr. Hislop has special methods of raising the
plants. He prepares small Orchid-baskets, partly fills them with peat and
closely-growing sphagnum, and across each, just above the surface of the
compost, on the upper side of the basket, he fastens a roughened bar of teak
similar to those used in making the baskets. The prepared baskets are
kept on hand, hanging up in the warm corner of the Orchid-house where
the seedlings are to be raised, until they are wanted for use. Before the
seeds are sown, the baskets are thoroughly wetted, and then the moisture
is allowed to drain off. This being done, the seeds are sown on the teak
cross-bar and water is applied when it is required by immersion, which falls
short of reaching the surface where the seeds lie. When the seedlings have
grown to a size at which they can be pricked off, this matter is attended to
in the usual manner. Mr. Hislop has a considerable number of hybrids in
prospect—Lezlia Digbyana crossed with nearly all the showy Cattleyas ;
Cattleya aurea and other showy things crossed with fine forms of a good
species, for it is considered a waste of time to use poor or ordinary forms.
In one of the houses is a plant of Stauropsis (Vanda) gigantea, crossed with
Vanda suavis and V. tricolor, the capsules approaching maturity; and
many other interesting crosses are in progress. In one of the houses a
batch of Zygopetalum Mackayi was noted in flower. These plants repre-
sent one of Mr. Hislop’s few failures. The plants come from Z. Mackayi
crossed with Odontoglossum crispum, but, although the seedlings differ
slightly from the parent, they can be called nothing but Z. Mackai. The
same reSult has been recorded in other places.”’

A writer signing himself ‘‘ Hybridist”’ also calls attention to the subject —

in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for November 17th (page 350). Why is it, he
asks, that some comparatively inexperienced amateurs are successful in
raising Orchids from seeds, while many experienced cultivators of Orchids
fail completely. I know of several owners of important collections who have
given vent to their disappointment in this direction, and I am constrained
to assume that the cause of failure is to be found in some small detail.
Orchids which are very dissimilar in their characteristics may be cross-
fertilised—in some cases good seed being obtained, but in a much larger
proportion the development of the seed capsule is the only result, the seeds

being imperfect and incapable of germinating. This power of obtaining —

capsules of full size, and yet containing good seeds of no vegetative power,

Ee ee ee ee

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 19

is the chief trouble of the hybridist, as it compels him to sow large
quantities of seed. Nevertheless, these generally unproductive capsules
must be looked after, for often there are a few good seeds among a great
deal of chaff, and often he is rewarded for his care and attention by an
unexpectedly good hybrid.

While the capsules are forming, it is best to hang up the bearing plants,
and as soon as the ripening capsules show signs of splitting, remove them,
and place each in a separate pan, the label bearing the record being put
with each. As soon as ripe, it is best to sow the seed forthwith, no matter
what the season is, for the seeds are so very delicate that there is more risk
in keeping them than in taking the chances of their not germinating for a
long time. It is generally admitted that the seeds stand the best chance of
germinating if they are sown on the surface of the compost in which the
plant which bore the seed is growing, or on one of a similar character.
Before sowing, the materials should be thoroughly moistened by being
immersed in rain-water, and afterwards hung up to drain away superflous
moisture, and the seeds sown on the moist surface. The basket or pot
should then be hung to the rafters in a moist, temperate house, and on every
occasion when the plant is given water afterwards it should be done by
immersing it in a tub or tank only deep enough to wet the materials to two
thirds of its depth, otherwise the seeds will be floated off and lost, and,
seeing that the materials never become quite dry, these are very important
points.

The germinating seeds are seen as minute, spherical green bodies, and as
soon as any of them get large enough to lift, they should be pricked off
round the edges of previously prepared small Orchid-pans, and again
suspended near to the roof.’ Ata later period they should be potted singly,
and in due time such as survive will become flowering plants.

As it is not possible to suspend a large number of small seedlings, it is
a good plan to raise a small light woodwork staging near the glass on which
to place the little plants, as, so situated, the effect is the same as if they
were hanging up.

The methods indicated above are generally carried out more or less by
all successful Orchid hybridists, and most of the latter assert that for
general purposes they constitute the chief elements of success, although in
different establishments different devices—generally very different ones—
for forming surfaces on which to sow the seed may be found. In some
places cross-sections of hardwood sticks cut about an inch thick, and placed
in moisture-holding pans so that the seeds may be sown on the rough
surface, which is kept constantly moist from below, areused. In other
gardens pieces of tree-fern stems in pans of water are tried, and so on with
other moisture-holding materials. There is yet another material which, by

«

20 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the light of recent scientific theories, might give good results, and that is
the lumps of roots knotted around the peaty vegetable deposit in which the
Orchids grow in their native habitats, and which the Orchid importer will
say is unfortunately too easily procurable among the quantities of Cattleyas
and other Orchids which come to hand in bad condition, or dead. Among all
the points contributing to failure, I think that applying water overhead is
the most dangerous, and attention to dipping, instead, might save the
situation with some of the unsuccessful.—HysripIsv.

CYNORCHIS PURPURASCENS.

A VERY interesting and beautiful terrestrial Orchid from Madagascar has
just flowered at Kew, and proves to be Cynorchis purpurascens, a species
described and figured by Thouars some eighty years ago (Orch. Iles Afr.
t. 15), though it does not appear to have been previously introduced to
cultivation, for the plant recently figured in the Botanical Magazine under
this name (t. 7551) proves to be C. Lowiana, Rchb. f., which was then
thought to be synonymous. The present plant was introduced by M.
Warpur, who states that it generally grows on the prostrate stems of a
species of Pandanus at an altitude of 1,000 to 1,200 feet, but sometimes
also in tufts of Asplenium Nidus. The species was originally described
from the island of Bourbon, where Balfour has since collected it. It bears
a single, large, oblong leaf, and a raceme of large flowers which are wholly
purple, with the exception a white blotch on the centre of the lip (C.
Lowiana, it may be remarked, has green lateral sepals). The individual
flowers remind one very much of a Pinguicula. It has grown and flowered
well in a cool house. The plant described as C. calanthoides by Krinzlin
(Abhandl. Bremen, vii., p. 260) is evidently identical, for the description
agrees well, and it also was found growing on the stem of a Pandanus, by
Rutenberg. Ridley, it may be remarked, described a species under the
name of C. gibbosa (Jowrn. Linn. Soc., xx., p. 331), which he afterwards
reduced to a synonym of C. calanthoides, but this is evidently erroneous,
for C. gibbosa is remarkable for its gibbous dorsal sepal, a character not
found in the present species. A figure of the present one recently appeared
in the Garden (1900, lviii., p. 375) under the title ‘“‘ A New Cynorchis,”
and a plant was exhibited at the R. H. S. meeting on December 4th last.
Being an epiphytic species, it may perhaps prove easier to keep during the
winter than some of its terrestrial allies, which often fail to put in an
appearance after the resting season. It is much to be wished that some
more successful method of treatment could be devised, for these plants are
very attractive when in flower, and a collection of them would be very
interesting. R. A. ROLFE.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 21

SOCIETIES.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

ORCHIDS were very well represented at the Royal Horticultural Society’s
meeting at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on December
4th, and medals were awarded to three interesting groups. The Orchid
Committee was represented by :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair; and
Messrs. H. Ballantine, H. J. Chapman, J. Colman, De B. Crawshay,
J. Douglas, J. G. Fowler, E. Hill, H. Little, H. M. Pollett, F. Sander,
W. Thompson, W. H. White, W. H. Young, and J. O’Brien (hon. sec.).

Baron Sir H. Schroeder, the Dell, Staines (gr. Mr. Ballantine), showed a
fine group of Cypripedes, for which a Silver Flora Medal was awarded.
Among the exhibits were Cypripedium insigne Sanderianum, some good
plants of C. i. Sander, C. i. Laura Kimball; a fine plant of C. i. Harefield
Hall variety, with three flowers, C. x Arthurianum with six flowers, C. x
Galatea Dell var. with ten flowers; a good cross between C. X Harrisianum
superbum and C. Chamberlainianum; and several good plants of C. xX
Leeanum, including the varieties princeps and giganteum.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), showed
an inflorescence of a curious Odontoglossum, as O. cordatum var., having
brown sepals with a yellow margin and tips, and the petals and lip pale
yellow, with a few small brown spots at the base. He also exhibited O. X
Rolfez meleagris, a finely marbled form, which is considered the finest
variety of this handsome hybrid yet exhibited, and to which a First-class
Certificate and Cultural Commendation were given.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford (gr. Mr. White), showed Leelio-
cattleya x Sunray (L. cinnabarina x C. superba), a fine form with orange
scarlet flowers, slightly tinged with rose, and the front of the lip rich deep
claret-colour.

Mrs. Haywood, Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate (gr. Mr. Salter), sent
Cypripedium X bingleyense superbum (insigne x Chamberlainianum) a
fine form, the dorsal sepal being white with rose-purple spots.

G. W. Bird, Esq., Manor House, West Wickham (gr. Mr. Redden), sent
a large and finely-spotted form of Odontoglossum xX Andersonianum.

F. Crisp, Esq., Friar Park, Henley (gr. Mr. Knowles), showed a good
variety of Vanda Sanderiana.

G. W. Flook, Esq., Leewood, Cardiff, sent Epidendrum ciliare.

J. G. Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford (gr. Mr. Davis), exhibited
Cypripedium x Harrisianum albens, with green flowers slightly tinged with
purple.

Sir J. Miller, Bart., Manderston, Duns (gr. Mr. Hamilton), showed two
nice hybrids, one derived from Cattleya * Brymeriana and Lelia tenebrosa,

22 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

having rose-purple flowers, with a darker lip; the other a C. Bowringiana
cross, resembling C. x Mantinii.

Mrs. Langton, Hillfield, Reigate (gr. Mr. Pearce), sent a good Cattleya
Dowiana called Hillfield var., with pale yellow sepals and petals and a richly
coloured lip.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson),
sent the beautiful Cypripedium x Maudie, C. x Francesie (Curtisii
X callosum Sanderz), the fine yellow C. insigne Luciani, and Dendrobium
bigibbum rubescens.

Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, staged an excellent group, to which
a Silver Flora Medal was given. One half of it consisted of rare Cypripediums,
among which were eleven well-grown plants of the beautiful Cypripedium
insigne Sanderz, bearing an aggregate of fifteen flowers, C. x Actzeus, C.
x Morganie, C. x T.B. Haywood, some fine specimens of C. x Leeanum,
and many other good forms. The second half contained principally plants
of the Cattleya group, including C. x Mantinii, Lelio-cattleya x Violetta
(L. purpurata x C. Gaskelliana), L.-c. x Terentia (C. bicolor X L. crispa),
L.-c. X Pallas, L.-c. x Hon. Mrs. Astor, L.-c. X Decia, L.-c. x Lady
Rothschild, and Epidendrum x Wallisio-ciliare; also Phalznopsis X Hebe
(Sanderiana X rosea), and other good things. An Award of Merit was
given to Cypripedium x Leeanum Prospero majus (Spicerianum @ X
insigne Sandere ¢) a fine form, showing clearly the influence of the pollen
parent. The large white dorsal sepal had a green area at the base and
bore numerous purple spots.

Messrs. H. Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, staged a fine group, for which a
Silver Banksian Medal was accorded. It contained Cypripedium insigne
Harefield Hall var., C. i. Sanderx, C. i. Laura Kimball, C. x Leeanum
Prospero, the handsome C. x Moensii, two fine forms of Oncidium xX
Mantinii with large yellow flowers prettily spotted with brown, O. Forbesii,
Cattleya Dowiana, and a good Cymbidium Tracyanum.

M. O. Froebel, Zurich, sent three hybrids of Cypripedium Chamber-
lainianum, viz., C x Helvetia, C xX Prince Hassein Kamil (Chamber- .
lainianum * Boxallii,) and a pale coloured variety said to be from Chamber-
lainianum and insigne Chantini.

M. Warpur (care of Mr. Weathers, Silverhall Nursery, Isleworth),
showed Cynorchis purpurascens, a fine Madagascar terrestrial orchid, bear-
ing handsome spikes of purple flowers.

The last meeting of the year took place on December 18th, when there
was again a good display, though the proportion of cut spikes was larger
than usual. The following members of the Orchid Committee were present :—
H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. H. Ballantine, H. J. Chapman,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 23

J. Colman, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas, E. Hill, H. Little, H. M. Pollett,
F. Sander, F. J. Thorne, H. A. Tracy, W. H. Young, and J. O’Brien
(hon. sec.).

G. F. Moore, Esq., Chardwar, Bourton-on-the- Water (gr. Mr. Morris),
was awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group of about three dozen
Cypripedium varieties, the majority being cut examples. It contained a fine
lot of C. insigne varieties, including Sandere and Harefield Hall variety?
also the best forms of C. x Arthurianum, C. X Leeanum, C. x Niobe, &c.

hg }j Grogan, Esq., Worthing, exhibited Lelio-cattleya x Lucasiana
(labiata flammea x tenebrosa), which received an Award of Merit. It is
allied to L.-c. X Gottoiana, and has flowers of a uniform bright rose-purple,
with darker purple markings on the lip. The flower is larger than L.
tenebrosa, and broader in all its parts.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, sent Neoben-
thamia gracilis (Rolfe) for which he received a Botanical Certificate. It is
a graceful African Orchid, bearing heads of pretty white flowers with purple
and yellow spots on the lips. He also sent Houlletia odoratissima, Maxillaria
punctata, M. picta, and M. longipetala.

W. A. Bilney, Esq., Fir Grange, Weybridge (gr. Mr. Whitlock), exhibited
a large and handsome form of Cymbidium Tracyanum.

N. C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray), sent
a plant of the beautiful Cypripedium insigne Sanderz raised in the collection
by fertilising with its own pollen, together with a flower of the wild type.
On comparison, the home-raised example proves to be superior, being
broader in all its parts, owing to which it was called ‘‘ Oakwood variety.”

C. H. Feiling, Esq., Southgate House, Southgate (gr. Mr. Stocking),
exhibited a handsome Cypripedium Boxallii atratum.

C. S. Harris, Esq., Southgate (gr. Mr. Davis), showed a handsome Cypri-
pedium called Hilda Davis (insigne Chantini x Leeanum Englehardtii).

H. Little, Esq., Baronshalt, E. Twickenham (gr. Mr. Howard), sent a
fine form of Cattleya Percivaliana.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Ladymead, Reigate, Sussex (gr. Mr. Wotton),
showed Cypripedium xX Zeus and a good C. x Charles Richman.

Lieut.-Colonel Shipway, Grove House, Chiswick (gr. Mr. Walters), sent
two specimens of the chaste Lelia autumnalis alba, one of which was
perhaps the finest variety of this plant yet shown.

Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, staged a very fine group, and were
awarded a Silver Flora Medal. It contained several examples of Lelia x
Mrs. M. Gratrix, varying from pale yellow to orange, L. x splendens,
Lzlio-cattleya x Coronis (C. labiata X L. cinnabarina), copper-yellow in
colour with a purple lip, L.-c. x Terentia, L.-c. X leucasta (bicolor x
harpophylla), L.-c. X Tiresias, L.-c. X Semiramis, L.-c. X Pallas, Cattleya

24 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

xX Breauteana, C. x leucoglossa, the scarlet form of Epidendrum xX
‘O’Brienianum, E. x Wallisio-ciliare, Cypripedium X Tityus, X Bruno,
x Lathamianum, x Leeanum giganteum, X Euryades, X Actzus, X
cenanthum superbum, and many other good hybrid Cypripediums. Lelia
x Mrs. M. Gratrix grandis, a large variety, of a straw-yellow colour with
well-fringed flowers, was awarded a First-class Certificate, and Leelio-cattleya
xX Cassiope major (L.-c. x exoniensis X L. pumila), a very fine variety
with light rose flowers, and the front of the lip crimson, an Award of Merit.

M. Chas. Maron, Brunoy, France, sent Cattleya Dowiana Rosita, a
handsome variety, sent from Costa Rica by the late Richard Pfau, to which
an Award of Merit was given. The sepals are cream white, tinged with
purple, the petals mostly rose-purple, tinged with yellow at the base, and
veined with whitish throughout, and the lip crimson-purple with golden
veining. He also showed Lelio-cattleya x leucasta, and another hybrid of
unrecorded parentage.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, exhibited a collection of their
seedling Epidendrum x Endresio-Wallisii, showing a remarkable range of
variation of colour.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.

A meeting of this Society was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester,
on December 13th, when there was a very good display of Orchids, and the
awards included eight First-class Certificates, eleven Awards of Merit, and
two Cultural Commendations.

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Bank House, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), exhibited
Odontoglossum crispum Queen Helene, a finely shaped flower heavily
blotched in the centre (F. C.), Cypripedium x Queen Mab (A. M.), a fine
plant of C. insigne Harefield Hall var., and a yellow variety thought to be
identical with that called C. i. Chantini Lindeni he ery

J. Leemann, Esq., West Bank House, Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge),
exhibited Cypripedium insigne Luciani, a bright yellow unspotted form
(F. C.), C. x. Statterianum Pickering Lodge var., a very dark form (A. M.),
C. X J. Howes (A. M.), C. X Leeanum giganteum, and one called C. x L.
magnificum Ball’s var.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), sent the
beautiful Cypripedium x Maudizx (F. C.), C. X triumphans Stand Hall
var., a richly coloured form, and C. xX Francesiz (Curtisii x callosum),
which gained an Award of Merit.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), exhibited
Cypripedium insigne Berryanum, a very large form (F. C.), C. x Spicero-
nitens (A. M.), and a fine well-flowered plant of C. x Niobe.

T, Baxter, Esq., Morecambe (gr. Mr. Roberts), exhibited a neat group

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 25

of choice Odontoglossums, to which a Silver Medal was given. Awards of
Merit were given to O. crispum Florence and O. c. Lilian, two fine
unspotted forms.

A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, ‘Padlavdes (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), sent
the beautiful yellow Cypripedium insigne Sanderianum, one of the earliest
known of the yellow forms, and C. i. Luciani, a recent addition, having deep
yellow flowers without any percepible trace of spotting. Each of them
received a First-class Certificate.

Fic. 5. PAPHIOPEDILUM INSIGNE SANDERIANUM.
(First-class Certificate, Manchester, December 13th, 1900).

J. R. Fletcher, Esq., J.P., The Uplands, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Talbot),
made his debut as an exhibitor, and gained Awards of Merit for two hybrid
Cypripediums, C. Lawrenceanum X Mastersianum, and C. x Mrs. J. R.
Fletcher, a cross between C. X T. B. Haywood and some unknown form.
The former is a distinct and striking hybrid in which the character of C.
Mastersianum comes out strongly, its peculiar mahogany scat colour
pervading almost the whole flower.

26 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

W. Duckworth, Esq., Shaw Hall, Flixton, sent a fine plant of Cypri-
pedium X Leeanum giganteum, and a profusely flowered example of Cym-
bidium Mastersii, the latter receiving both an Award of Merit and a
Cultural Commendation.

W. Watson, Esq., Urmston Lane, Stretford, sent a very pretty group,
consisting chiefly of Cypripediums, which gained a Silver Medal, among the
more noteworthy being C. insigne Sander, C. bellatulum album, and C.
xX Leeanum giganteum.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, received a First-class Certificate
for a fine hybrid derived from Cypripedium Lawrenceanum X Harrisianum,
called C. X Flambeau, the flower being ofa fine claret colour and the lower
sepal nearly twice as large as the dorsal one.

Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, sent a choice group, which gained a Silver
Medal, including three well-flowered examples of Cypripedium xX Leeanum
giganteum, C. X L. aureum, two good C. insigne Sandere, C. i. magnifi-
cum, C. i. majesticum, and others.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, staged a neat little group, and was
accorded a Vote of Thanks. Noteworthy examples were Odontoglossum
crispum Bonnyanum, anda hybrid from C. x Leeanum xX Bruno, the
latter receiving an Award of Merit.

Mr. J. W. Moore, Rawdon, Leeds, sent three good examples of
Cymbidium Tracyanum, for which a Cultural Commendation was granted.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, Yorks, also staged a nice little group,
including some good Cypripediums, and was accorded a Vote of Thanks.

HOULLETIA ODORATISSIMA XANTHINA.

Tuts fine, deep yellow variety has again appeared in cultivation, having
been introduced by M. FI. Claes, of Brussels. It was originally described
by Reichenbach in 1884, from a plant which flowered in the collection of
Baron Hruby, of Peckau, Kolin, Bohemia (Gard. Chron., 1884, xxii., p. 38),
the flowers being described as fine orange yellow. Structurally it agrees
with the type, but differs in having entirely lost the red markings, so that it
must be regarded as a case of albinism. The species itself now seems to be
very rare in cultivation, though it is a striking and handsome plant. It is
a native of the province of Soto, on the east side of the River Magdalena,
where it was met with by Schlim, and again in the Weinmannia forests near
Ocana, whence living plants were introduced to M. Linden’s horticultural
establishment at Brussels, It flowered for the first time in Europe in
M. Pescatore’s collection at St. Cloud, near Paris, in 1852.
Re AiR

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 27

CULTURE OF LALIA ANCEPS.

AN eminent Orchid grower having asked me several times to state how I
have been so successful in flowering the white forms of Lelia anceps, I
herewith do so.

When calling upon M. Peeters, of Brussels, a few years ago, I was
surprised to see how well he flowered his white varieties, and, in answer to
my inquiries how he did it, he said he gave plenty of heat, and, in the
growing season, no air in the day time, but he opened his house at
night and syringed heavily. On reading travels in Mexico I found that
where the white Lzlias grow it is terribly hot during the day, and for three
or four hours in the evening it rains in torrents, while in the morning there
was often hoar frost. I also found that the flowering period came with the
dry season. This I have tried to imitate in Staffordshire, and again here,
and with wonderful success.

When the Lelias have fairly started to make their young growths I give
plenty of heat, and in bright days no air and no shade; in dull days a little
front air. I syringe very heavily from 3.30 to 4 p.m. every day, and again
very early in the morning, and give plenty of air in front and a little at top
about bed-time. After the growths are nearly full size, and the flower
spikes about 12 inches high, I give front air continually, still keeping the
hot water pipes warm; and a little top air is also given when in flower.
This latter treatment is very similar to Cattleya treatment, only with a
more generous use of air. I have had the leaves become yellow, and even
scorched, through not shading, but plenty of soot and lime sprinkled under-
neath the plants in autumn soon restores the green colour.

I may say my greatest success was when I grew the plants in a house
with bottom heat, and a layer of tree leaves over the bottom heat ; the pans
or baskets being raised off the leaves or trellising. I find that Lelia anceps
has a preference for baskets and very little peat, and, curiously enough, unlike
Cattleyas, does not seem to care to be hung up to the roof glass, but rather
prefers to be down on the staging. This year I have proved thoroughly
that air is the real panacea for them, as a whole row of plants in the Lelia
house here, right away from the influence of ventilators, have no flowers, but
I hope to alter this next year. I may say that the plants here cover a space
of 13 feet x 3 feet, and have 150 flower spikes—one row, however, as stated
above, being without flowers. There is considerable variety among them
and they form a most beautiful sight.

JAMES HAMILTON.

Manderston, Duns, N.B.

28 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JANUARY.
By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

WitH the gradually lengthening days we may soon look for signs of
renewed activity in our collections, but during the present month the winter
treatment must be continued, so far as temperatures and watering are
concerned. The following temperatures should be maintained as nearly as
circumstances will permit :—

Cool House.—Day, 50° to 55°, with sun, 60°; night, 50°; morning,
45° to 50°.

Intermediate House.—Day, 58° to 63°, with sun, 66°; night, 56° to 58°;
morning, 53° to 56°. .

Cattleya and Mexican House.—Day, 60° to 65°, with sun, 68°; night,
58° to 60°; morning, 55° to 58°.

East Indian House.—Day, 65° to 70°, with sun, 75° ; night, 65°;
morning, 60° to 65°.

These figures should be maintained as nearly as possible, but due regard
should be taken of the fluctuations of the temperature outside. If the
weather be cold, do not attempt to reach the higher figures by excessive
firing, which would do more harm than good. During a spell of severe
weather the fire-heat may be economized by letting the blinds down at
night, or laying mats or other coverings on the glass, which, however,
should be removed in the day time, as it is important that the plants should
receive all the light possible at this dull season.

Ventilate as freely as possible during mild weather, chiefly by means of
the bottom ventilators, for a stagnant atmosphere is injurious to the plants.
Do not let the atmosphere become dry, but damp the paths and walls once
or twice a day, according to the amount of fire-heat used. Watering

operations must still be carried on with caution, and much the same as

last month. Keep a sharp look-out for insects, for cleanliness is of the
highest importance, and a little extra attention in this direction will
save much labour hereafter when time is more valuable. Slugs and
cockroaches must be kept down at all costs, for it is useless to attempt
to grow Orchids in a house infested with these pests, which devour
young roots, flower spikes, and almost anything else without mercy. A
little cotton wool placed round the base of a flower spike will often pre-
serve it. from these marauders.

In the Cool House many things are at rest. The principal work
will be to give due attention to watering aud keeping the atmosphere
in a healthy condition. Those plants which are commencing to grow
should be kept rather moister than before, and any that are making active
growth, such as Ada aurantiaca, will benefit by rather more liberal treat-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 20

ment. A few Odontoglossums are now in bloom, and may be kept slightly
drier than those: beginning to grow. Masdevallias must be very carefully
watered. A few kinds are in bloom, of which the beautiful M. tovarensis
is the best, and its pure white flowers are invaluable at this season.

In the Intermediate House various things will require attention. Winter-
flowering Cypripedes should be looked over as they pass out of bloom, and
_ those that require repotting should be taken in hand as soon as they begin to
grow. Miltonia vexillaria is growing actively, and should be well looked
after. Avoid rapid fluctuations of temperature, over watering, and especially
keep down thrips, or the flowers will be deficient in quality. Odontoglossum
citrosmum should be kept very dry until the flower spikes appear, when a
good watering may be given. Other occupants of the house must be treated
according to their condition. The majority will still be at rest, but any that
are growing should receive a moderate supply of water.

In the Cattleya House the majority of the plants are at rest, aad should
be very sparingly watered ; though a few that are growing or maturing the
flower spikes should be placed in the warmest and lightest positions and
receive slightly more water. Among the former may be mentioned Cattleya
Warneri and C, intermedia, together with Lelia purpurata and crispa, and
among the latter Cattleya Triane and Percivaliana. Lelia anceps and any
others in bloom should be kept moderately dry, which helps to preserve the
flowers. Ccelogyne cristata thrives well at the cool end of this house, and
_will soon be pushing up its flower spikes.

In the East Indian House many things are showing renewed activity.
Dendrobiums are now in every stage of flower-production, a few being
already out. Do not attempt to force them on, or the flowers will be
deficient in quality. A succession of D. nobile and its hybrids and allies
may be secured by bringing the plants on in batches. As the flower buds |
begin to push, the water supply should be slightly increased. D. Phalaenopsis
and its allies should receive a good rest, without being moved from the
house, before growth re-commences. Species of Aérides, Saccolabium,
and allied genera may be re-potted or top-dressed as signs of renewed
growth become apparent. Efforts should be made to keep the atmosphere
in a healthy condition, making due allowance for the weather outside. In
the collection generally winter-treatment should continue to be given; any
attempt at hurrying things on will only result in weakly growth, to the
detriment of the plants hereafter. _

The busy season is now approaching, and it would be well to keep an
eye on the supplies of potting and other materials, so that there shall be no
delay when the proper season arrives. A little forethought at this period
may prevent vexatious delays and injury to the plants hereafter.

it

30 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

NOTES.
Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during January, on the 15th
and 29th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour,
12 o'clock noon.

Meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will
be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on January 1oth and 24th.

On October 6th last, a Gold Medal was awarded to Mr. E. O. Orpet,
South Lancaster, Mass., by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, for a
collection of ten hybrid Orchids which he had raised from seed. They |
included two plants of Cattleya x Thayeriana, C. X T. lobata, two forms
of Lelia x nigrescens, (one being much finer than the one figured at page
337 of our seventh volume), L. xX juvenilis superba, Lelio-cattleya X
bletchleyensis, and L.-c. x C. G. Roebling. Photographs of several of
them are sent by Mr. Orpet, and they certainly form a charming little
group.

Mr. Orpet has been very successful with his hybrids, as he has about
fifteen hundred seedlings coming on as the result of five years’ work, and a
number of them are approaching the flowering stage, which, he remarks,
makes life worth living after the long period of waiting for results. A
house of his seedlings is shown in the issue of American Gardening for
November 3rd last (vol. xxi. p. 729), showing that the plants are in
vigorous health.

According to a note by Mr. Niceville, in a recent number of the
Journal of the Astatic Society, the larve of an Indian butterfly, Chliaria
Othonna, lives upon the Orchids Rhynchostylis retusa and Saccolabium
papillosum, and thus we suppose would have to be classed with the
Cattleya Fly as a pest if introduced to our collections.

A note in American Gardening for December 22nd, states that Mr. Oakes
Ames has presented his unrivalled collection of coloured plates of Orchids
to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, to be known as the Oakes Ames
collection of coloured drawings of Orchids.

A fine example of a double flower of Calanthe vestita rubro-oculata is
sent by Mr. Stacey, gardener to Mrs. Jose, Mallingey, Perranwell Station,
Cornwall. It appeared on a strong spike of about forty flowers, and really
consists of two flowers fused together, for the pedicle is flattened, and bears
two columns and lips placed side by side, two spurs, four petals, and five
sepals.

\

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 31

We regret to hear ofthe death of Baroness Schroeder, The Dell, Staines,
which took place on December 5th last. The deceased lady, who was a
great lover of Orchids, was in her seventy-third year, and has not long
survived the celebration of her golden wedding. The greatest sympathy
will be extended to the Baron in his bereavement.

The hybrids between Odontoglossum crispum and O. Edwardii in the
collection of D. B. Rappart, Esq., of Liscard, which were noted at page 231
of our seventh volume, are, we are glad to hear, still progressing satis-
factorily.

ODONTOGLOSSUM x DICRANOPHORUM.
A PLANT of this very rare natural hybrid has appeared in the establish-
ment of M. Fl. Claes, Etterbeek, Brussels. It flowered out of an import-
ation of Odontoglossum crispum, in which a few examples of O. trium-
phans and O. Lindleyanum were also found, and M. Claes immediately
recognized it is a natural hybrid between the two latter, owing to its inter-
mediate character. Such a hybrid appeared in 1888, in the establish-
ment of Mr. W. Bull, of Chelsea, and was described by Reichenbach as
O. X dicranophorum, the name being given in allusion to the shape of the
crest, which was said to resemble “an old-fashioned, two-pronged fork.”
The author described it as conjecturally a hybrid, adding ‘‘ one cannot help
thinking of Odontoglossum triumphans, notwithstanding the narrow floral
envelopes, and in order to lessen one’s perplexity one may think of O.
Lindleyanum.” The rest of the description confirms this view of its origin
and its identity with the three other plants which have subsequently
appeared. It is about intermediate in shape between the parents, and
indeed might be passed over as a form of O. triumphans with narrow seg-
ments by anyone who did not recognize its hybrid origin. It might be
looked for with confidence wherever these two species grow together, and,
now that hybridising Odontoglossums is being taken up, perhaps someone
will attempt to raise it artificially. Its history has already been given in
this work (vl. ii., p. 328). It will be observed that the above-mentioned
importation affords further evidence that O. triumphans and O. crispum

grow together in certain localities.
RiAcR.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.
ANGR&CUM HuMBLOTII.—Garden, 1900, lviii., p. 433, with fig.
CaTTLeyA Dow1ana Rosita.—/Journ. Hort., 1900, xli., p. 573, fig. 148.
CATTLEYA X ELISABETH®.—Lindenia, t. 721.
CG@LOGYNE DAYANA GRANDIS.—Gard. World, 1900, p. 217, with fig.

32 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CYPRIPEDIUM X Dora CrRawsHAWw.—Garden, 1900, lviii., p. 406, with fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM X DRAPSIANUM.—Lindemia, t. 724.

CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE (group of saps) —Gard. Chron., 1900, xXxviil.,
PP- 472, 473, fig. 157. o.

CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE CHARTINI LINDENI.—Gard. Chron., 1900, XXvul.,
PP. 409, 411, fig. 125.

CYPRIPEDIUM X JAMES BucKINGHAM.—Journ. Hort., 1900, xli., pp- 527;
529, fig. 135.

CYPRIPEDIUM X Maupi#.—Gard. Mag., 1900, p. 771, with fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM X PriaAM.—Journ. of Hort., 1900, xli., p. 505, fig. 129.

DENDROBIUM SPECTABILE, Miq.—Bot. Mag., t. 7747.

HABENARIA CARNEA.—Journ. of Hort., 1900, xli., PP- 505; 507, fig. 130.

LA&LIA ANCEPS WADDONENSIS.—Journ. Hort., 1900, xli., pp., 573, 575»
fig. 149.

L#&LIO-CATTLEYA X ALBERTI.—Lindenia, t. 723.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA H.S. LEon.—Journ. Hort., 1900, xli., p. 483, fig. 125.

MASDEVALLIA DEORSA.—Gard. Chron., 1900, Xxviil., p. 395, fig. 121.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM VAR. AURIFERUM.—Lindenia, t. 722. VAR.
NOBILIUS.—/ourn. Hort., 1900, xli., p. 549, fig. 140.

ODONTOGLOSSUM ROLFE& MELEAGRIS.—Gard. Chron., 1900, XXviil.,
p- 451, fig. 146; Gard. Mag., 1900, P. 818, with fig.; Journ. Hort., 1900,
xli., p. 527, fig. 134.

CORRESPONDENCE. &c.

Pe mages pam not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in som
firhodiags- reson, they may have to stand over for a future issue. In the case of hybrid ved liege
ver es i é tage and history should always be ein stated, for without these details we
are not Porat able pi deal with them satisfactorily),

H. J. R. Your seedling is very pretty, and looks like a form of Paphiopedilum xX
Cybele (Lawrenceanum X x Druryi). The Druryi
and the long scape and handsomely marbled leaf suggest P. Lawrenceanum as the o
parent. e see no trace of i DHS, i therefore do not think that ae 4 Ashbasaae
Barteti can have been the other par

e inflorescence of Gale mo ple is very curious, 9 flowers being

dimerou us, and having the usual cruciform arrangement a eet two o sepa an tals, bu
whether it will come the same another year is doubtful. should teriainty keep it.

G. B. Apparently an undeveloped form of Cattleya vais

W. E. H. Oncidium Warscewiczii.

R. G. C. Weare unable to find any record of Cypripedium Portia, and have no idea of
what it can be.
R. R. Odontoglossum x excellens.
. Received. E.F.C, 0.0. W., R.Y., J.W.P., O.A., E.0O., J. H.

ERRATA.

wo errors escaped oe ‘ our last number until too late. “‘ Zygopetalum Miso me

at page 371 should have read Z, crinitum, and “Cypripedium ” Tracyanum Crawshayanum
should have read Cymbidium os

STANLEY, ASHTON & Co..

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{RE importing the FINEST ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Colombia produces.

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Vor. IX.] FEBRUARY, Igor. [No. 98.

THE

ORCHID REVIEW:

Hn Fllustrated Monthly Journal,

DEVOTED: 10. ORGCBRIDOLOGY.

Contents.
PAGE PAGE
Angreecum sesquipedale (Fig. 8) '... 49 | Lelio-cattleya x delicata set ee
Calendar of ab ger ions for Febru xed poe = demiagy a natural pubes eer,
Correspondence, &c. ... : wer OF ae : $1 vod OB:
_ Cypripede, Furars 2 eee pes SOO eieny 47
Pppripedtita Reginz nee e-AS Odontolossum crispum Queen ‘Victoria
_ Cypripedium callosum albinos es fev $6 Fi
oD i ii a ‘

. 40 Odoatigtsstam leaves decaying at at the tips Pt ie
e328 OG ee uti Orie ng . - 40 8

a Some ... 48 | Orchid Portr 5 fae sia Gee
: Hybrid a a a ... 56 | Orchid Stud Book “5 Br ee aa
_ Hybridist ... ey ... 37 | Orchids in Season cys pent ee ee
ae Dendrobium x Ellisii i ee Pephidped ilum X Harrisianum~ a ae
Lzelio-cattleya < Cappei_ ... ... 38 | Phaius tuberculosus (Fig. 7)... ee * s
_ Leelio-cattleya X Diogenes ..» 37 | Societies 50
Paphiopedilum X Moensiz ae ged Manchester and North of England =
mere Atop te x Valda ie men” ie gee Orchid ©... ag oud wes SQ

“a Memoria ae Pr Royal Horticultural oe sie SOx

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MANUAL OF ORGHIDACEOUS PLANT:

ee CULTIVATED UNDER GLASS IN GREAT BRITAIN. a

(Illustrated with Maps and numerous Engra

; &e.
has been com apiat © supply amateurs and cultivators of exotic Orchids. seith a fuller ee of
2 itor genera, Specie Ss, and varieties cultivated — glass than is contained in the Manuals hither
Be of Orchid oe during the last quarter of a century, resulting fro uae ner
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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

VoL. IX.] FEBRUARY, 190%.

(No. 98.

——

Zn Bemoriam.

SiNCE the issue of our last number the nation has experienced a
great bereavement in the death of its beloved Sovereign, Queen
Victoria, a ruler whose memory will be revered, not only among her
own subjects, but throughout the civilised world.

Sixty-three years is a long period to look back upon, and it is
difficult to realize that Her late Majesty ascended the throne in the
year that Bateman’s great work, The Orchidaceae of Mexico and
Guatemala, was commenced, and long before the completion of
Lindley’s Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. What Orchid
culture was like in those days may be inferred from the notes in our
last issue, where we saw that they were then only just beginning to
find out how to grow such species as were accessible, and that it
was in this very year that Gibson started on his historic mission to
the Khasia Hills. Of its present development there is no need to
speak. It is worthy of remark, however, that Cattleya Mossie,
which was introduced immediately after Her Majesty’s accession, 1S
still one of the most popular species in cultivation.

How far Orchids were included among the Queen’s favourite
flowers we cannot say, but Her Majesty was, at all events, an.
Orchid grower, for many of these plants were included among the
plant collectigns at Windsor, as we have had the pleasure of
seeing. We also recall the splendid specimen of the Dove Orchid,
Peristeria elata, bearing eight fine spikes and an aggregate of over
three-hundred of its remarkable flowers, to which a First-class
Certificate and also a Silver Flora Medal were awarded by the
Royal Horticultural Society in September, 1898, in recognition of
its exceptional culture. We also believe that some of the Orchids

THE ORCAID REVIEW.

grown were sent as presents to the Queen by some of the native
Indian Princes.

Several striking Orchids have been dedicated to Her late
Majesty, among which we may mention the remarkable violet-blue
Dendrobium Victoria-Regina, a native of the Philippine Islands,
the natural hybrid Cattleya Xx Victoria-Regina, figured in these
pages as recently as December last (p. 361), the handsome Sophro-
cattleya X Queen-Empress, raised by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons,
and Odontoglossum crispum Queen Victoria, for which Messrs. Hugh
Low & Co. received a First-class Certificate at the Temple Show

Fig. 6. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM QUEEN VICTORIA.

in 1897, and whose portrait we reproduce here. Some of these, at
all events, will furnish permanent memorials of Her Majesty, whose
reign has witnessed such an enormous development in the culture of
these remarkable plants.

We may also mention that the first volume of the Reichenbachia
and the Marquis of Lothian’s Monograph of Masdevallia were
dedicated, by special permission, to Her Majesty.

May the reign of her successor, His Majesty King Edward VII,
be marked by a further development of the peaceful arts, among
which horticulture generally, and its special branch -of Orchid
culture, now occupy such an important place.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 35

DIES ORCHIDIANZ.
I BRIEFLY alluded to the great Nomenclature Question in my last notes,
and I see that ‘“‘G. H. H.” makes some very pertinent remarks on the
“Muddle of Varieties,” and the ‘‘Need of Reform,” in the Journal of
Horticulture for December 2oth last (p. 548). The confusion, by the way,
is dated from the time that the ‘‘ hybridist became a power in the land.”’

_“ When one looks around and sees the creations for which the hybridist is
responsible one can realize to some extent the magnitude of the work, and
we have to thank a Nature that is so amenable to the skill of human art.
But is there not a danger of overdoing this work, if it is not already done ?
Or rather, has not the time arrived when some check should be put on it, so
that we may know what new forms are new indeed, not slight variations of
something that already exists, or perhaps the vaunting of something as
new that is really old, though perhaps obscure? Up to now the work has
been all.on one side. We have given a welcome to anything and everything
without questioning its distinctiveness or originality, and any variety that
has come out blessed with a name has been accepted as something new.
Many disappointments have been felt later on.”

Just so, and the writer goes on to remark :—‘“‘ Varieties are in a state
of chaos,” and this condition of things is “‘ not sudden or intentional,” but
“a matter of drift, with financial interests perhaps at the bottom of it, and
the absence of power to govern the work. No generally recognized system
of government exists. The reason is simple enough. One brings out a
variety that is new to him and gives it the name of some celebrity, or
perhaps a friend, as a compliment. He has no official means of knowing
that the same variety is already known and named, and so we get two of
them, or perhaps half a dozen, or more.”

—

The author goes on to speak about sweet peas and potatoes—it
-might very well have been Orchids—and concludes by saying :—‘‘ Let every
encouragement be given to the work of fertilisation and selection. We
cannot have a superabundance of the beautiful and the useful, but let us
have the work carried on under some defined rule to act as a guide to
growers, and to be respected by raisers.” There is too much disorder.
Varietal names are handed out far too liberally, and “the man who is the
most puzzled is the one who tries to find out the system upon which the
whole question is conducted.”

mn

36 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

There is much that is to the point in these remarks, but I see no
difficulty of finding out the system. It has been briefly and effectively
described as ‘‘ go-as-you-please.” We have rules, but no one to enforce
them, and if ‘‘G.H.H.” can suggest a remedy he will be a benefactor
to his race.

Something like a bomb-shell descended at the R. H. S. meeting last
Tuesday. I thought we knew everything about Phaius_ tuberculosus,
except perhaps how to grow it, but at this meeting there were two
rival claimants for the name. One was the plant with which we are
all now familiar, exhibited by Sir Frederick Wigan, the other a very
fair imitation of a tufted evergreen Calanthe, until one looked at the
flowers, which were those—well, nearly those—of the well-known plant.
One had to look more than once or twice before feeling suré about the
differences. The terrestrial plant bore a card, signed by Mr. Rolfe, to
the effect that this was the true and original Phaius tuberculosus, and
and that the well-known epiphytal species was an impostor, without a
name of its own, and he had therefore re-christened it Phaius simulans,
in allusion to the remarkable resemblance in its flowers to those of the
original species—perhaps one might add, in commemoration of its success-
fully posing for some twenty years as the true plant.

Here was a pretty to-do, and comments were naturally many and
various. One didn’t thank Mr. Rolfe for his discovery, and another
said he was always finding out something that ought to have been known
years before. A third supposed that anyhow now the mistake had been dis-
covered, we must correct it, and adopt the new names, which elicited
the reply that of course we shouldn’t do anything of the sort: we all
knew tuberculosus now, and should stick to it. Of course we had the
opinion that both were tuberculosus, only one had taken to growing up
tree-stems, and changed its habits accordingly—or was it that when it
grew on the ground it became tufted? Another view that found some
favour was that the new-comer was a natural hybrid between P. tuber-

culosus and P. Humblotii, which accounted for the terrestrial tufted ©

habit and some differences in the crest.

I merely record these facts and impressions, and leave the parties
concerned to settle their differences. ‘It was the excitement of the
meeting, and I fancy that M. Warpur’s introduction is a plant of con-
siderable horticultural importance.

ARGUS.

anal

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 37

THE HYBRIDIST.

ANGRECUM X VEITCHII.

Tuts handsome hybrid, the first artificially raised in the genus, flowered
with Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, in January, 1899, and was awarded a
First-class Certificate by the Royal ‘Horticultural Society, who at the same
time presented a Silver Flora Medal to its raiser, Mr. Seden. It is now in
the collection of W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle, near Hull, who sends a
very fine flower from the certificated plant. It measures over six inches
across its broadest diameter, and the spur is eight inches long. Its parents
are said to have been A. sesquipedale 2, and A. eburneum @, but it has been
shown that the A. eburneum of gardens is not the original plant of that
name, but A. superbum (see Rolfe in Orch. Rev., vii., p. 19), and the latter,
we suspect, was the actual pollen parent. A second plant has now flowered
with Messrs. Veitch, who have forwarded the two-flowered scape. This
form has smaller flowers, with narrower sepals and petals, and the spur
measures 53 inches long. It will probably improve as it gains strength, but
the sepals and petals are likely to remain narrower than in the original
form. In both the flowers are ivory white with a green spur. It is a very
striking hybrid.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X D10oGENES.—A_ hybrid raised by Messrs.
Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, from Lelia cinnabarina ?
and Cattleya Leopoldi g, has just flowered in the collection of Reginald
Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool. It is fairly intermediate in character,
the sepals and petals being reddish-orange spotted with purple-brown,
and the lip yellowish white tipped with rose-purple.—O’Brien, in Gard.
Chron., 1900., XXiX., p. 53.

SOPHROLELIA X VaLpA.—A hybrid raised by Messrs. James Veitch &
Sons, from Sophronitis grandiflora x Lelia harpophylla. The flower
is most like the Lelia parent in shape, but larger, and the flower light
orange-yellow, without any trace of the characteristic markings of the
Sophronitis parent on the lip.—O’Brien, /.c., p. 54.

- _DENpRoBIUM X ELLIst1.—This is a very pretty hybrid, raised in the
collection of Welbore S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne, Dorking, from D. nobile
@ and D. Hildebrandii ¢. The inflorescence sent bears three flowers,
which show the distinct twist in the sepals and petals so characteristic of
the pollen parent. The sepals are prettily suffused with light rose-purple
to below the middle, and the petals are tipped with similar colour, the
remainder being white. The lip is broadly tubular, somewhat expanded at
the apex, white, with a salmon-coloured disc, strongly recalling that of

38 7 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

D. nobile Ballianum, surrounded by aJight yellow area. Thus the flowers
most approach those of the pollen parent in character. Mr. Barrell states
that the bulbs are quite intermediate between those of the two parents, and,
as both specieS are vigorous growers, we suspect that the hybrid has a fine
constitution, and will prove as floriferous as its allies. :

DENDROBIUM X AINSWORTHII.—A particularly good form of this hybrid
is also sent by Mr. Barrell, who states that it is the result of crossing

D. nobile with D. aureum philippinense. Compared with the old D. x_

Ainsworthii, of which a flower is sent for comparison, the petals are
broader, the colour purer white, and the blotch richer maroon and less
feathered at the edge. It is a charming form of this well-known hybrid.
PAPHIOPEDILUM X HERA.—A beautiful flower of this handsome hybrid
between P. X Leeanum and P. Boxallii has been sent from the collection
of R. le Doux, Esq., Marlfield, West Derby, Liverpool. The shape is

excellent, and the petals very broad, while the dorsal sepal is handsomely

spotted in a way that recalls some forms of P. x nitens. This hybrid
is one of the handsomest of winter-blooming kinds, and one of its forms
received a First-class Certificate from the R. H. S. about a year ago.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X J. HoweEs.—Another attractive seedling from the
same collection may be a form of this hybrid. Its parentage was thought
to be P. Haynaldianum ¢ x P. x nitens 3 , but we find no resemblance
to the former, and feel inclined to regard it as a form of the hybrid
between P. X nitens and P. villosum. The whole shape of the flower,
the staminode, and the villous ovary all strongly recall the latter, and
the colour of the dorsal sepal is a warm chestnut, without spots, but
with a broad white margin. In any case it promises to develop into
a fine thing, and the doubtful point in the parentage may be cleared
up hereafter.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X MoENsIa#.—The pretty hybrid between Paphio-
pedilum callosum and P. Spicerianum has again been raised, this time
in the collection of E. de Q. Quincey, Esq., Oakwood, Chislehurst. P.
callosum was the seed parent. Two flowers are sent, from small seedling
plants, which on the whole most resemble the pollen parent, though the

veining of the dorsal sepal and some curving in the petals show the

BIRD ee ie ye a Te

influence of P. callosum. As usual, the purple staminode of P. Spicer- — ‘

ianum comes out very strongly.

L#LI0O-CATTLEYA X CAPPEI.—This charming hybrid was raised by —

Messrs. Cappe et fils, from Lelia cinnabarina ¢ and Cattleya Wars-
cewiczii g , and was described at page 46 of our seventh volume. It has
now considerably improved, and the raisers state that they have had
several plants this season bearing three and four spikes, each with six

The ahh = eee Sd gaa ee See PES ee

ea glk oa

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 39

or seven flowers, and thus proving very decorative. A superior form
called L. c. X Cappei grandiflora has’now been sent, whose flowers are
more than five inches broad, and the colour a very brilliant deep yellow,
with the front lobe of the lip and apex of rich purple-crimson, and
forming a brilliant contrast. It is one of the best cinnabarina hybrids
which we have seen.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X PIsANDRA.—Messrs. Cappe have also’ raised a
very pretty and sweetly-scented hybrid from Lelia crispa @ and Cattleya
Eldorado ¢, well agreeing with the original one raised by Messrs. Veitch,
The sepals and petals are delicate pink, and the base of the lip light blush,
with the throat yellow, and the front lobe bright rose-purple. The plant
is said to be most like L. crispa, but the flowers rather resemble the
other parent, and the lip is less veined than most other L. crispa hybrids.

sth aoris

ODONTOGLOSSUM LEAVES DECAYING AT THE TIPS.
AN important question has been brought forward by Mr. De Barri
Crawshay in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for January 19th (p. 49), with
reference to the leaves of Odontoglossum decaying at the tips. ‘‘ Of late
years” he remarks, ‘‘this so-called disease has become prevalent every-
where, why no one seems to be certain, neither does anybody seem to be
able to eradicate it. My plants of O. crispum are strong enough to please
most people, but they have it,. perhaps not so badly as some I have seen,
but quite enough to satisfy anyone; more than enough to dissatisfy me.
I have heard many reasons for the advent of this disfigurement, but as
far as I yet see, myself, none will stand when analyzed. It is reasonable
for the three-year-old leaves to decay at the tips, but. when a pair of tips
decay on leaves of the unfinished pseudobulb, it must be radically wrong.
In this case I should expect the plant to be much too wet at the roots, and >
to be decidedly unhealthy, but such is not the case; the plant is a perfect
picture, grown drier than usual, but of exceedingly vigorous habit. This is
an exceptional case, as but few of the new leaves are tipped. Take a reverse
case, a plant kept quite wet, of equal habit, has its last year’s leaves
‘‘ tipped,” whilst this year’s are perfect, therefore neither draught nor damp
seem to offer any explanation. Plants near to and those farthest from the door
are affected alike, scattered through the houses everywhere, in my houses,

and in all Orchid houses I have seen; therefore it cannot be defective
3 ventilation or cultivation, else the plants in some gardens would be exempt,
and others badly attacked. Well grown and badly grown plants have it
alike, both high on the hills and low in the valleys, with north, east, south,
or west aspect. What is that thing common to all of us that we do, give,

40 THE ORCHID RE VIE W.

or have, amongst the plants? Iam doing my best to discover it, and so
are many others, and I think, if we ventilate this matter, we may find out
to what undesirable condition we had attained in the last few years. Five
or six years ago I had no such malady amongst my plants, nor did I observe
it anywhere else ; now I am occasionally told ‘we have got used to it, so
we put up with it,’ but as I do not intend to put up with it, I want to get
rid of it, and shall be very pleased to hear of anyone that has done it, and
how he did it, for a fine Odontoglossum plant with decayed tips is a sad
sight to me, even if the plant is in a good state of cultivation.—De B.
Crawshay, Rosefield, Sevenoaks.”’

OVER-POTTING ODONTOGLOSSUMS.

‘‘THERE is great danger in overloading the roots of any Orchids with
compost, and especially those popular species, O. crispum and its allies. All
must be made firm in their pots, but this is easily done without putting
two inches or three inches of solid peat that the roots can never find their
way through. Far better to give too thin a compost and keep the atmo-
sphere moist, for it is well known among Orchid collectors that rough
winds in their native habitats bring down the plants owing to the slight hold
they have on their host trees.” —H. R. H.in Journ. of Hort., Jan. 31, p. 89.

““ Mr. Stevens now uses a compost of about half polypodium fibre and
half leaf-mould, with a little moss and sand to keep it open, and only about
half an inch of crocks at the bottom of the pot.”—Orch. Rev., 1900, p. 199.

Who shall decide when doctors disagree? H. R. H. recommends a thin
layer of compost, but Mr. Stevens, who is certainly one of our most expert
growers of Odontoglossums, only uses about half an inch of crocks. It
would be really interesting to compare the methods of our best cultivators,
and to know exactly what are the conditions most conducive to success.

DENDROBIUM LOWII.

THE Bornean Dendrobium Lowii is a rare species in cultivation, and
reputed difficult to grow. It would appear, however, that a suitable
position for it has been found by Mr. Ballantine, for Mr. J. O’Brien
remarks that it has thriven for many years in the Nepenthes house, in the
fine collection of Baron Sir H. Schréder, at The Dell, Staines, increasing
in vigour, and forming what might almost be called a bush (Gard. Chron.,
IQOI, XXxix, p. 54). The rather delicate D. Maccarthie from Ceylon also
thrives in the same house. Such a position probably agrees pretty well
with the conditions under which they grow in a wild state.

HO

}

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

PHAIUS TUBERCULOSUS.
ANOTHER case of cunfusion in nomenclature has to be recorded. Some
time ago M. G. Warpur brought from Madagascar a number of interest-
ing Orchids, and among them a handsome Phaius which he reported as
much like P. tuberculosus in the flowers, though terrestrial in habit.
A painting of the inflorescence I had taken for P. tuberculosus until M.

Fic. 7. PHAIUS TUBERCULOSUS.

Warpur pointed out some tufted rhizomes as belonging to the same
species, and remarked that when out of flower the two bore no
resemblance to each other. Some of the plants have been grown on at

Kew, and. during the winter spikes began to’ push up, and their progress
tere

has naturally been watched with much interest. When the flowers

4

42 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

expanded the accuracy of M. Warpur’s observations was fully realized,
so difficult was it to distinguish them from those of the epiphytal species
represented in the Botanical Magazine, and this led to an examination of
all the available materials, including an authentic flower from M. Thouars
himself, preserved at the British Museum. This investigation resulted
in the surprising discovery that the plant introduced by M. Warpur
was none other than the original P. tuberculosus, and the one which
has been known in gardens under this name for the last twenty years
is something different.

Phaius tuberculosus was originally figured by Thouars in 1822, under
the name of Limodorum tuberculosum (Thouars, Orch. Iles Afr., t. 31),
the figure being prepared, as the author informs us in the preface, from
nature, though it. represents only the inflorescence, with analytical
details of the flowers; and the details of the stem and leaves are: not
added in the brief synopsis of species. Fortunately, however, information
which. is sufficient for our present purpose is supplied in the synopsis of
genera. Here the author established a new genus for the plants
represented in his plates 31 and 32 (the latter called Limodorum
villosum, a native of Bourbon), under the name Gastorchis, which he
placed in the division Terrestres, as opposed to the other division which

he termed Parasites. Any doubt that might have arisen about the _

correctness of Thouars’ observations under this head are removed by an
examination of his original figure and an authentic flower, for the details
of the crest are markedly different in the two species. Gastorchis, it may be
added, was afterwards reduced to Phaius by Blume, and the present speci2s
became Phaius tuberculosus (Mus. Bot. Lugd. Batav., ii, p. 181). It is
therefore clear that the name has been transferred from the terrestrial to
the epiphytal species. :

The confusion began with Reichenbach, as may be seen from the
following note which appeared in the Gardeners’ Chronicle, in 1881
(xv., p. 428) :— ,

“This is a very novel beauty. I have at hand a newly developed
peduncle with only six fine flowers, in a few years no doubt there will be
seen under Box Hill racemes with twenty flowers. They have rather
stellate sepals and petals of. fine white, and an exceedingly fine lip with
wide yellowish lateral lobes, covered over and over .with brown blotches
on an anterior, obcordate, wavy middle lacinia, white, with mauve marginal
spots. Three callous orange plates with numerous
centre, directed towards a tuft of light sulphur-
suffice to embarrass many small inserts. They are perhaps attracted by
similar small hairs which stand scattered on the side lacinie. The column
is white, with some light purple tint in front.

impressions stand in the
coloured hairs which must

THE ORCHID REVIEW. ’ 43

-“When,two and a half years ago the plants of M. Léon Hunblot came
under the hammer, I wrote some recommendation to this zealous traveller,
the copy of a sketch taken from the living plant well expressing its charm
and the peculiar blunt base of the lip. All this, as at other times, proved
_ good for nothing, and it was only Sir Trevor Lawrence, who was merciful
enough to take cordial care of a plant, now his pride. I hear the few plants
which stand at disposition immediately rose to five guineas, and when our
American brethren send their orders, they will be quoted at ten guineas.

“The moral is that young travellers should only collect known things,
and send, provided they know the thing, the novelty as perfect to some
London establishment. When once they have appeared on the scene in
fine flower, then it may be time to introduce them, as then the word ‘ new’
is pronounced in another way than before. The specimen I alluded to is
the one recently exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence.—H. G. Rchb. f.”

This is the plant. now so well known and so frequently figured as
Phaius tuberculosus—the parent of several handsome garden hybrids—
that the blunder, though excusable enough under the circumstances,
seems particularly unfortunate, as it necessitates a change of name,
though it is perhaps a consoling circumstance that the discovery was
not deferred until the original plant became firmly established under
some other name, which would only have increased the difficulty. ‘n
any case the change is unavoidable, and I think Phaius simulans a
sufficiently appropiate name. for the well-known epiphytal species.

When the above facts were ascertained living flowers of P. simulans
were not available for comparison, but, by a curious coincidence, a plant
was exhibited by Sir Frederick Wigan at the Royal Horticultural Society’s
Meeting, on Jannary 2gth, when a plant of P. tuberculosus, introduced
by M. Warpur, was also sent from Kew, with a brief statement of the
above-mentioned confusion, which circumstance enables me to indicate
more clearly the differances between them :—

P. tTuBERCULosuUs (Blume).—Terrestrial, with tufted, ovoid, ringed
thizomes. Side lobes of lip without hairs; the three deep yellow keels
24 lines long, somewhat verrucose, high and truncate in front, and thus
club-shaped, the middle one channelled ; disc behind the keels purple, with
the nerves only slightly thickened, and bearing near the base numerous white
hairs, arranged in four rows, the outer pair much smaller than the inner
pair. Base of column bearing a V-shaped yellow marking.

P. simuLans (Rolfe).—Epiphytal with elongated, cylindrical, branched
climbing stems. Side lobes of lip pilose or somewhat pubescent ; the deep
yellow keels 4 lines long, very closely verrucose, dwarf in front, and the
lateral pair shortly bifid; disc behind the keels white, with the lateral pair
of nerves prominently thickened, and bearing near the base a dense circular

44 . THE ORCHID REVIEW.

tuft of long light yellow hairs. Base of column uniformly suffused with
pink.

There are other slight differences in the flowers, and it may be
added that the leaves of P. tuberculosus attain a ‘size of two or three
feet when fully developed. :

M. Warpur states that P. tuberculosus grows on the highest part of
slopes in the high forest in half dry humus, at an altitude of 1,200 to
1,500 feet. He recommends an intermediate temperature for it, and this
has proved suitable at Kew, where it thrives under ordinary treatment.
P. simulans climbs on tree trunks, at a lower elevation, and requires more
heat and moisture. Mr. Young has grown the plant at Clare Lawn ona
raft, in the Phalzenopsis house, where it has been for about fifteen months.

The accompanying figure of Phaius tuberculosus is reproduced from a

photograph of one of the Kew plants. It is rather curious that the species

has not been introduced before, for there is a leaf and inflorescence

preserved at Kew which was collected by Dr. Meller on the east coast of

Madagascar, in woods about forty miles from Tamatave and five from the

sea, in 1862; also a coloured drawing of the same, but these have not
previously been distinguished from the epiphytal species.

R. A. ROLFE.

AN ORCHID STUD BOOK.

WE have received the following from Mr. C. C. Hurst, F.L.S., Burbage
Grove, Hinckley :—

“The large number of Hybrid Orchids raised in gardens during the
past few years makes it almost impossible for one to keep in touch with
their records. It seems desirable, however, that the history, parentage,
and pedigree of the superior garden hybrids should be accurately and
concisely recorded for future reference.
an Orchid Stud Book. The chief diffic

and after careful consideration, I propose

To do this I propose to compile
ulty is to decide what to include,
to admit the following only :—

“I. All garden hybrids which have gained a First-class Certificate from

the Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society of London since
its formation in 1889.

“TI. All garden hybrids which have gained a First-class Certificate —

from the Committee of the Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society since its formation in 1897.

“III, The parents and ancestors of the above, whether species Or
hybrids.”

ee

unis Bek Were eeu at ali

beat «a lh we

)

THE ORCHID REVIEW. ; 45

CYPRIPEDILUM REGIN&.

A PHOTOGRAPH showing a most beautiful group of the Moccasin flower
(usually known in gardens under the name of Cypripedium spectabile), at
Straffan, Co. Kildare, appears in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for January 12th |
(page 21, fig. 10), accompanied by a very interesting note by Mr. F. W.
Burbidge, which we here produce :—

*‘ This plant has of late years been imported by the thousand from the
Northern United States of America, until botanists on the spot now have
to walk or ride a long way in order to find it in bloom. Most of the
imported plants die off after flowering once or twice in our British gardens,
So often is this the case that it is all the more pleasant to hear now and
then of something like permanent success.

‘** At Straffan Gardens, in Co. Kildare, there was, last spring (1899).
a bed of this plant which produced in all 400 fine flowers. In the spring
of 1900, one-third of the plants were sent away, but the existing bed of
25 clumps bore 300 flowers, and among them were many bearing two, and
a couple of stems bore three flowers each, both being on the same plant.
I send you a photo taken by Mr. John McCleath, showing the bed as it
appeared (1g00). Mr. F. Bedford commenced with five imported plants
only, from the Sale rooms, eleven years ago, so that good progress has been
made. The bed is situated on the North side of a wall, and is also partially
shaded, but not overhung, by a fine old evergreen oak towards the east.
The soil specially prepared for this plant consists.of bog earth or peat, and
leaf soil, and a slight mulching is afforded when the plants are below the
surface during the winter. When in full bloom a temporary awning is
used to preserve the blooms from bleaching or browning in the sun, and
to retard their decay as long as possible.

‘‘The plant is so beautiful as thus seen, happy, healthy, and luxuriant,
that I hope this slight record and picture may induce others to take up its
culture in the open air, and treat it in the right way. It is a wood-plant,
growing in leaf-mould and debris, and in cool shade. Full sunshine, or
lime in the soil, or water, are fatal, and shelter from cold winds is most
necessary when the plant pushes up its young and tender growths early in
the year. The plant may also, if desirable, be grown in shallow boxes
or pans, in peat and leaf-soil, in a cool and shady frame, and is then handy
for removal indoors or to the conservatory when it is in flower. It now and
then does well year after year in peat beds sheltered by Rhododendrons,
Azaleas, and other so-called American plants, but I have never seen it so
fine and permanently well grown as at Straffan Gardens.”

F. W.B.

ee

46 _ THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

SEVERAL beautiful flowers are sent from the collection of W. P.
Burkinshaw, Esq., of Hessle, near Hull (gr. Mr. Barker). First may be
mentioned two fine spikes of Cymbidium Tracyanum, from different plants,
‘one being much darker than the other. The light form, Mr. Barker

observes, carried five spikes, with an aggregate of sixty-three flowers, —

and formed a perfect picture, which we can fully realize, for some of. the
individual flowers measure over 54 inches across. The dark one is only
slightly smaller, and bears ten flowers. Both forms are deliciously
fragrant, the latter character probably being common to all forms of the

species. Flowers of the richly-coloured Lelia anceps Barkeriana and_

L. a. alba show the extremes of colour in this species, for the latter is an
albino, being absolutely without markings, except a little yellow on the
disc of the lip, which is invariably present. We must mention also a
good flower of Lycaste Skinneri armeniaca, and several fine Paphiopedilums.
The latter include two fine forms of P. insigne, two handsomely spotted
P. X nitens, P. xX Leeanum giganteum, and two more heavily spotted
forms, one of them being a strong twin-flowered scape. The whole series
affords evidence of excellent culture. !
Cattleya Triane is now beginning to bloom, and we have received
two pretty forms from the collection of J.-F. ‘Laycock, “Esq. Wiseton,
Bawtry, Notts (gr. Mr. Lamb). One has blush white sepals and petals
and a shade more colour in the lip, and may be referred to the variety
delicata ; the other is blush pink, with the front of the lip light rose purple.
A very beautiful flower of Lelia anceps Williamsii is sent from the
collection of R. le Doux, Esq., Marlfield, West Derby, Liverpool, by
Mr. Archer. - It is of perfect shape, and pure white, with the usual purple
markings inside the throat. A particularly fine form of Odontoglossum

maculatum is also sent, in which the petals are unusually broad, measuring _

over three-quarters of an inch across, and less acute than usual. The
markings also extend further from the base than in the ordinary form, 4
good flower of which is also sent for comparison. |

A flower of the beautiful Lzlia x Crawshayana is sent from the collec-

tion of De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks. It is ftom a part

of the type plant named by Reichenbach eighteen years ago, and has much
of the bright colour of L. autumnalis, with the shape and size about mid-

way between this species and L. albida. Its history was given at page 46°

of our third volume. A very fine flower of L. anceps Sanderiana is also
sent, with a smaller form, having the front lobe of the lip pure white,
which we should refer to L. a. Williamsii,

A fine spike of Odontoglossum maculatum and two of O. Rossii are

t

4 - * s i ad < a S
va SIG at a ip ae, amet a Sk Fak 7 ES PUR erin Sly Slee bs a

Aa oe ae

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 47

sent from the collection of D. M. Grimsdale, Esq., Kent Lodge, Uxbridge.
Both species are well-known and easily cultivated, and the latter is one of
the most popular species we have, and produces a profusion of flowers
during the early months of the year.

Flowers of the distinct and very charming hybrid known as Lelio-
cattleya X Hon. Mrs. Astor are sent from a collection of T. Statter, Esq.,
Stand Hall, Whitefield, by Mr. Johnson, together with a brilliant scarlet
form of Sophronitis grandiflora, and splendidly developed flowers of
Paphiopedilum x Calypso, P. X Madame Jules Hye, and P. X Leeanum
Albertianum, the whole series being examples of excellent culture which it
would be difficult to surpass.

PAPHIOPEDILUM x HARRISIANUM.

THE sportive character of this earliest hybrid in the genus—and especially
of its variety Dauthieri—is now pretty well known, and now another
example has appeared in the collection of R. le Doux, Esq., Marlfield,
West Derby, Liverpool. The flower sent shows a broad, light green band,
about two lines broad, right along the centre, while the area on either side
is bright maroon-purple right up to the narrow white margin. Mr. Archer
remarks that the plant has been in the collection for some years, but no
such peculiarity has appeared before. It gives to the flower a very striking
appearance, and, if it could be fixed, would be a distinct addition to the
group. The history of the question above alluded to has already been
detailed in these pages.

. OBITUARY.

CHARLES PILCHER.—Another of the old generation of Orchidists has
passed away in the person of Mr. Charles Pilcher, who died at his residence
at Wandsworth on December 2gth last. Mr. Pilcher, after learning his
profession in some of the best gardens of the period, became gardener to
T. W. Hodges, Esq., of Sandgate, Kent, and soon gained the confidence of
his employer, who induced him, about the year 1850, to go to Australia to
fill a position of trust in connection with the gold mines, during’ which
period, the Gardeners’ Chronicle remarks, he introduced the first bunch of
watercress into Australia, at a cost of much perseverance and something like
£5, as he himself was wont to relate. On his return he was appointed head
gardener to Mr. Sigismund Rucker, of West Hill, Wandsworth, where he
served for upwards of thirty years, having under his charge one of the
finest Orchid collections of the day. Mr. Pilcher retired on leaving Mr.
Rucker’s service, but was a regular attendant at the R.H.S. meetings, and
was for some years a member of the Orchid Committee. His name is

48 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

commemorated in Lelia x Pilcheri, raised by Messrs. Veitch from L. —

crispa and L. Perrinii, and which is said to have afterwards appeared as a
wild hybrid. ;

Sipney CooKe.—We regret to hear of the death, on January ist, of
Mr. Sidney Cooke, gardener to De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield,

Sevenoaks, at the early age of 46, after an illness from rheumatic gout p

and other complications of five weeks’ duration. He was a skilful Orchid
grower, and had the care of the Rosefield collection since its commencement
in 1881. He leaves a widow and five children to mourn his loss.

Joun BacuLey.—Another well-known Orchid grower has passed away in
the prime of life. Mr. J. Baguley died on January 2oth, after a short and

painful illness, from pneumonia. The deceased was traveller and foreman
for Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. of Heaton, Bradford, to whom his death —

will be a great loss, for he had.an extensive knowledge of Orchids, and of

the trade generally, and in his business capacity he was probably known to —

most of our readers. He had previously been with Mr. Bull, of Chelsea.

GUANO-WATER FOR ORCHIDS.

THE question of manure for Orchids has frequently been discussed, but 4
without arriving at any very definite opinion as to its value, and the —
following note from the Journal of Horticulture (p. 47, with fig.) for January

17th last, will probably be read with interest :—

“A few days ago I called to see Mr. F. Pheby, gardener at Belmont,
Otley, the residence of Thos. Duncan, Esq. I saw there three specimens
of Cypripedium insigne well worthy of comment. I have great pleasure

in sending you a photograph, taken by Mr. Duncan,’jun., of one plant —

which carried thirty-six blooms ; the three plants carried about eighty-five.
Remarkable to say, these plants have in no way been done up for a period

of twelve years, and Mr. Pheby informs me that the three plants are each ©

about twenty years of age. The largest plant is growing in a ten-inch pot-

The surface is one complete entanglement of roots, rising four or five inches :
above the rims of the pots. I remarked about their healthy condition, —

when I was informed that they were very liberally treated with guano- —

water during their season of growth.—J. Snell, Farnley Gardens.”

The specimen figured is very beautiful, and a picture of good health,
and we should think that a system of culture that gives three dozen flowers
in.a ten-inch pot leaves little to be desired. Terrestrial Orchids, at all events,
obtain their food in precisely the same way as all ordinary plants, and when

the compost is exhausted one must either re-pot or resort to feeding when —

the plants are growing actively. The latter system has been adopted in —

the present case, and seems to be justified by results.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 49

ANGRAECUM SESQUIPEDALE.
ANGRAECUM SESQUIPEDALE is one of the most striking Orchids which our
collections possess, on account of its large and handsome, pure white, wax-
ated spur, and blooming, as it does, in

hke flowers, and remarkably attenu
The foliage is also handsome. Its

the winter serves to enhance its value.
character is well shown in the accompanying figure, which represents
plant that bloomed in the collection of J. W. Arkle, Esq., of West Derby,

a

=SQUIPEDALE.

Fic. 8 ANGRAECUM SI

Liverpool, at Christmas last. There were fourteen flowers, but
been removed when the photograph was taken. The species had been
known to science for upwards of thirty years, when the Rev. W. E
855, succeeded in bringing some three plants alive, and one of them

flowered in his garden at Hoddesden in the spring of 1857. It remained

*

es THE ORCHID REVIEW.

- Yare in cultivation for many years, owing to the difficulty of getting it
home alive, but since the opening of the Suez Canal this has to a great
_ extent vanished, and the species is now well represented in collections.
It succeeds well under the usual Warm-house treatment. . Mr. Ellis
states that in its native habitat it grows in the lowest and hottest districts,

generally on the edge of the forest, or where the trees are not crowded,

and where there is an abundance of light and air.

SOCIETIES.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

THE first meeting of the year was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate,
Westminster, on January 15th, when the display of Orchids was fully up
to the average for this season of the year. The members of the Orchid
Committee present were :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the Chair; and Messrs.
E. Ashworth, H. Ballantine, T. W. Bond, R. Brooman White, H. J.
Chapman, W. Cobb, J. Colman, J. Douglas, E. Hill, A. Hislop, J. Jaques,
C. J. Lucas, J. W. Potter, T. Rochford, H. A. Tracy, F. J. Thorne, W. H.
Young, and J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.)

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Bank House, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson) showed
a hybrid Cypripedium derived from C. Leeanum xX Calypso, and a very
fine natural hybrid Odontoglossum, called O. x Fairy Queen, which
received an Award of Merit. One parent is probably O. triumphans, and
it may yet prove to bea variety of O. x loochristiense.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook),

received an Award of Merit for a plant called Dendrobium Ashworthie, a —

native of New Gilined, ‘allied ‘to. De macro
greenish white, the petals distinct]
over the column. The ovary is downy,
normally developed. °

a small group of cut Orchids, including

ie ee
raised in the collection, an, and several hybrid Cypripedium |

F. Bibley, Esq., Hard

showed a large and richly-coloured form of Lelia anceps.

phyllum. The flowers were —
y stalked, and the lip curiously crumpled —
and the flower may not be quite —

» and Lelia anceps Simondsii, the —
The flowers are pure white, bearing —
small bluish spots on the. front. lobe. —
Staines (gr. Mr. Ballantine), showed
the rare Odontoglossum nevadense, —
spum Sanderianum, a noble five- —

wicke Grange, Shrewsbury (gr. Mr, Taylor); |

.
;
,
S
4
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is
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‘
ie

Fal ag ee

haste pl lela Sie en

BRANT a ee? Sa eT

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THE ORCHID REVIEW. 51

F. M. Burton, Esq., Gainsborough, showed a good variety of Cattleya
Walkeriana.

De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks, exhibited a fine form of
Odontoglossum x Wilckeanum.

W. Goodliffe, Esq., Worthing, sent two plants of Oncidium Sanderianum,
an ally of O. serratum. The segments were brown, wavy at the edges,
somewhat mottled with yellow, and the petals united at the apex in a ring-
like manner. A pretty form of Odontoglossum Rossii was also sent.

F, Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. Stafford), sent
a series of cut Cypripedes, including C. x Minnie Ames, C. x Swinburnei
magnificum, a fine variety of C. x Calypso, C. x Morganize burfordiense,
C. x Macnabianum, and some fine forms of C. x Leeanum.

H. S. Leon, Esq., Bletchley Park (gr. Mr. Hislop) showed Sophronitis
grandiflora gigantea, bearing three exceptionally fine flowers.

A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Hackbridge (gr. Mr. Humphreys), sent
a somewhat peculiar form of Lelio-cattleya x elegans.

C. D. K. Welsh, Esq., Broadlands, Ascot (gr. Mr. Guyett), sent a good
form of Cypripedium Spicerianum.

: Messrs. J. Veitch & Son, Chelsea, staged a fine group, to which a Silver
Flora Medal was awarded. It included Angraecum X Veitchii eburneoides,;
having narrower segments and a more elongated lip than the original form
Zygopetalum x leucochilum, considerably improved since its last appear-
ance; Lelio-cattleya x Wellsiana, L.-c. X Bryan, L.-c. X Coronis,
L.-c. xX Pallas, and others, together with a fine series of hybrid
Cypripediums, including C. xX son giganteum, C. X Minos, C. X
Lathamianum superbum, C. X Morganie langleyense, some fine forms of
C. x Leeanum, C. x Hera, C. x Euryades, and other allied hybrids.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, sent two pans of Cypri-
pedium callosum, and C. c. aureum, much like C. c. Sander, but having
the petals tinged with purple.

Messrs. B.-S. Williams & Son, Holloway, sent the rare Lycaste
lasioglossa, for which they received an Award of Merit.

M. Florent Claes, Brussels, showed a plant called Egsieodrom Claesi-
anum, a native of Colombia, at 6,500 feet elevation. It isa compact, bushy
plant, with erect leafy stems, bearing terminal heads of white fiowers,
The plant, which bore twenty inflorescences, received a Botanical
Certificate.

The second meeting of the month was held on January 2oth,
when the Orchid exhibits, owing to the inclemency of the weather,
again consisted chiefly of cut flowers. The Committee was represented
as follows :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. H. Ballantine, :

52 _ THE ORCHID REVIEW.

H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, J. Colman, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas, J. G. ©
Fowler, E. Hill, C. J. Lucas, F. Sander, H. A. Tracy, R. B. White, @
~ W.H. Young, and J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.). ;

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
staged a fine group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was awarded. It |
contained Cattleya chocoensis, Lzlio-cattleya x Hypatia, and another —
pretty unnamed Lelio-cattleya, Lelia x Mrs. M. Gratrix, many cut
flowers of Lelia anceps, including L. a. alba, L. a. Hillii, Le
Sanderiana, L. a. Stella; Cypripedium xX Godseffianum, C. insigne ~
Haretield Hall variety, Phalenopsis Schilleriana, P. amabilis (grandiflora)
aurea, P. Aphrodite, Odontoglossum x MHarryano-crispum, Aérides 4
Vandarum, Zygocolax Xx Wiganianus, Sophronitis grandiflora rosea’
Miltonia xX Bleuana, and an example of the plant known in the garden
as Phaius tuberculosus, which proves not to be the original of that
name, and therefore has been re-named P. simulans (Rolfe). The
history of the confusion is given on another page. An Award of Merit
was given to the pure white Cattleya chocoensis alba, and a Botanical —
Certificate to Phalenopsis Boxallii.

The Director of the Royal Gardens. Kew, sent a fine plant, bearing
two spikes of flowers, of the supposed new Phaius, introduced by M. @
Warpur, but which has been identified as the original P. tuberculosus.
An accompanying card signed by Mr. Rolfe, stated :—‘‘ Phaius tuber-—
culosus, Blume (Limodorum tuberculosum, Thouars). A terrestrial
species, identical with the original plant of Thouars. Recently introduced
above name, and figured in several works,
is not the original plant, and. I have renamed it Phaius simulans, in —
allusion to the remarkable resemblance which its flowers bear to those 4
of the original species.” (See figure on page 41.] 3
; = Alcock, Esq., Northchurch, exhibited a splendid form °

Cyp ripedium X bingleyense (Harrisianum xX Charlesworthii). 4
W. Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), showed 4 :

fine example of Cypripedium x Mary Beatrice. é
“iN, © oston stOakvon, Wann: Ty gM, Moa
cebe, with pink flowers, and C. X Oakwood Ruby,

of a rich ruby red, with a small white spot on the lip. The latter received —
an Award of Merit. 4

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks, sent some good forms
) Odontoglossum Rossii, O. X Hallio- :
eae of O. crispum ; also cut spikes of Lelia anceps Schroederiana, +- ae
awsonl, and the richly-coloured L. a. Juno.
rosefieldense received an Award of Merit

crispum aureum, and two fine cut
Odontoglossum nevadens¢-

a
_

~
:
;
:

a

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 53

A. W. H. Hay, Esq., Oakley Park, Eye (gr. Mr. Pratt), sent flowers of
a nearly white form of Dendrobium nobile.

J. Lumsden, Esq., Balmedie, Aberdeen (gr. Mr. Paterson), sent some
hybrid Cypripediums.

E. de Q. Quincey, Esq., Oakwood, Chislehurst (gr. Mr. Lees), sent
Odontoglossum Londesboroughianum.

Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool (gr. Mr. Poyntz), showed
some flowers of Lelia cinnabarina hybrids, including Lelio-cattleya Xx
Sunray and L.c. x Diogenes, together with two Cypripediums.

Capt. C. C. Hurst, Burbage Grove, Hinckley, exhibited some Cypri-
pediums, including varieties of Cc. x Adrastus and C. x Grovesianum,
together with C. x Lathamianum and C. X Deedmanianum.

Messrs. H. Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, sent Cypripedium x Prewettii,
and a fine, almost white, form of Cattleya Triane.

Messrs. Heath and Son, Cheltenham, staged a group of plants in flower,
including Dendrobium nobile, D. aureum, D. xX Edithe, D. X splendidis
simum Leeanum, D. x Cassiope, a fine Cypripedium xX Lathamianum
giganteum, and some varieties of C. insigne. igs

Mr. H. A. Tracy, Twickenham, showed a fine Lycaste x Balliz
superbum.

There was a slight mistake in your report at page 24 of my exhibit at
the Drill Hall on December 18th. Cattleya Dowiana Rosita received a
First-Class Certificate, not an Award of Merit. The plant reported as
- Lelio-cattleya X leucasta was presented under the name L.-c. x ochracea.
The Committee thought it was like the former, but I am sure that it will
prove quite different, for it is derived from Leelia harpophylla crossed with
‘one of my first hybrids, L.-c. * Sallieri. The third plant was Cattleya
x Leda, derived from C. Percivaliana x C. Dowiana aurea.

Cu. MARON.
Brunoy.

[We thank our correspondent for the corrections, as we think accuracy

a matter of the first importance.—ED. |. ;
MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.

THE first meeting of the year took place on January roth, when, owing

to the inclemency of the weather, the number of exhibits was smaller than

usual, and included a large proportion of cut blooms.

T. Baxter, Esq., Morecambe (gr. Mr. Roberts), exhibited a number of
fine Qdontoglossums, including O. xX loochristiense Baxter’s variety, an
exceptionally fine hybrid which turned up amongst a lot of imported O-
crispum. The flowers are yellow in colour, with large, pale brown blotches,

54 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

and the plant deservedly received a First-class Certificate. O. X Adriane

Robertsianum also received a similar award. It is a beautiful flower, |

perfect in shape, and densely blotched with crimson-brown markings.
Some good forms of O. crispum were also exhibited.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hill, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), staged a
nice group, including Cypripedium insigne Sanderianum, C. xX Leeanum
magnificum, and a splendid example of the pure white Lelia anceps alba,
in which the purple markings are totally obliterated. The latter received
a First-class Certificate, and a Vote of Thanks was given to the group.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), sent a num-
ber of nice cut blooms, mostly Cypripediums, including C. insigne Lucianum,
which received a First-class Certificate, and C. x Fascinator an Award of
Merit. A Vote of Thanks was accorded to the group.

A. Z. Lees, Esq., Stretford, (gr. Mr. Thompson), exhibited a plant of
Cypripedium Boxallii atratum.

H. Partington, Esq., Glossop (gr. Mr. Campbell), showed a few good
Odontoglossums.

Messrs. H. Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, sent a number of fine Cypri-
pediums, including a splendid example of C. X nitens magnificum which
received a First-class Certificate. C. x Leonidas also obtained an Award of
Merit.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, exhibited a fine form of Odontoglossum
X loochristiense aureum, which received a First-class Certificate. .

Mr. A, J. Keeling, Cottingley, Bingley, exhibited a plant of Cypripedium —

X nitens.

At the meeting held on January 24th, there was a fine display of
Orchids, besides four fine collections of paintings, mostly by Mr. J. L.
Macfarlane. These were sent by J. Leemann, Esq., T. Statter, Esqs
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., and Messrs. Low & Co., and the Committee
awarded Silver-gilt Medals to the two former, and Votes of Thanks to the
others. It may be mentioned that the first-named collection contained
over two hundred of these beautiful works of art. There were also, besides
the groups, about fifty plants to be adjudicated upon by the Committee.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge),
of plants to which a Silver Medal was aw
given to Cochlioda vulcanica grandiflora,
Cattleya Trianz radiata.

W. Thompson,
few beautiful plants
Merit was given to
variety, and Cultural

staged a fine group
arded. Awards of Merit were

Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mrs Stevens), sent a
and was accorded a Vote of Thanks. An Award o

Odontoglossum crispum The Sirdar, a finely marked -
Certificates toa magnificent plant of Odontoglossum

shown in fine condition, and

ae sect

THE ORCHID REVIEW. cae

hystrix bearing a spike of forty flowers, and a fine O. pulchellum, some two
feet across and bearing over a dozen spikes.

A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse),
received a First-class Certificate for Cypripedium insigne King Edward
VII, a very fine variety, and an Award of Merit for Lelio-cattleya x
callistoglossa Bleu’s variety.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), received
Awards of Merit for Cypripedium xX Madame Jules Hye and C. X
annamense.

S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. McLeod), received a First-
class Certificate for Cattleya Trianz Gratrixiana, a large and richly coloured
form.

A. Z. Lees, Esq., Stretford, (gr. Mr. Thompson), received a Silver
Medal for a nice little group, consisting of some good Cypripediums,
Dendrobiums, and Cattleya Triane.

E. O. Schneider, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Hunt), received a Cultural
Certificate for a well-grown plant of Dendrobium nobile.

Capt. C. C. Hurst, Hinckley (gr. Mr. Dakin) staged a nice group ~
of Cypripediums, and was accorded a Vote of Thanks. C. x Adrastus
var. Dakini was one of seven forms of this variable hybrid, and received
an Award of Merit. Several other good hybrids were also shown.

J. R. Fletcher, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Talbot), sent a small group
of hybrid Cypripediums, and received a Vote of Thanks.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers) sent Cypri-
pedium X Bryani, C. virens, and a few others.

A. Watson, Esq., Stretford, sent.a plant of the well-known Lelia
anceps Sanderiana.

Mr. W. B. Upjohn, Worsley, received an- Award of Merit for Miltonia
Clowesii Lamarcheana.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, sent a few good hybrid Cypri-
pediums, of which C. X Prewettii received an Award of Merit.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, sent Lelia anceps alba, and a number
of good Cypripediums, a Silver Medal being awarded to the group.

Mr. W. Holmes, Timperley, received an Award of Merit for a plant
called Dendrobium x hetero-Cypheri,which is a variety of D. X Ainsworthii.

We have received a photograph of the fine group of Cypripedes from the
collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., to which the Manchester and North of
England Orchid Society awarded a Gold Medal on November 8th last. An
accompanying list shows that it contained nineteen varieties of C. insigne,
two of C. callosum, C. tonsum, C. Charlesworthii, together with sixteen
hybrids, the majority being fine forms of well-known hybrids. It is cer-
tainly a very beautiful group, and although the flowers are necessarily very

56 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

small in Miss Wrigley’s photograph, many of the details come out very.

clearly when magnified.

HYBRID ODONTOGLOSSUMS.
Continued from vol. viii., p. 301).
ODONTOGLOSsSUM X LEPIDUM.—The identity of this Reichenbachian

natural hybrid has hithérto been a matter of some uncertainty, owing to

the absence of an authentic specimen, though, from the description,
I previously placed it under O. x Lindleyano-luteopurpureum (Orch. -“
i., P. 333), which now proves erroneous, for Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., 0
Heaton, Bradford, fortunately, possess an authentic plant, which has now
flowered, and enables the point to be settled. The flowers sent _ quite
_ intermediate between O. Lindleyanum and O. Pescatorei, which are
evidently the parents, and as the hybrid was described in 1883, the name

antedates both O. x stauroides and O. xX elegantius, which have this —

parentage (see Orch. Rev., ii., p. 141). Reichenbach indicated the affinity
with O. Lindleyanum, but gave no clue to the second parent. His
description of the colour, however, is sufficiently accurate :—Flowers yellow
at first, ultimately white with yellow edging; sepals with two or three
cinnamon blotches, petals with but one; a similar spot stands on the lip
before the keels, and the base shows some brown marbling. The hybrid
was introduced by Messrs. Shuttleworth & Carder, and flowered in their
establishment in 1883, and it is a fortunate circumstance that the plant has
been taken care of, thus enabling its history to be completed. It is very
difficult to identify some of these hybrid Odontoglossums from the descrip-

tions. R. A. ROLFE.
(To be continued.)

CYPRIPEDIUM CALLOSUM ALBINOS.
We have been fortunate enou
“Albino” forms from amongst
callosum received last summer, s
C. c. Sandere, except that the
than the clear green of the earl
each petal are just tinged with purple.
aureum, and exhibited it before the R.H.
15th. The other was even more distinct,
in every way to “ aureum,”’
typical callosum colour.
plants have passed into th
which is justly renowned fo

our large importation of Cypripedium
ground colour is decidedly yellow rather

This plant we called C. callosum
except that the pouch was of the ordinary

r its Cypripediums. | Epwarp V. Low.

gh to bloom two quite novel and distinct a

S. Orchid Committee on January —
being practically a similar flower

This formed a charming contrast; and both : j
€ collection of S. Gratrix, Esq., of Manchester, —

ne Se ere Som eS

omething like 16,000! The first is after a

ler named variety, and the extremities of

js To me bic

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 57

\
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR FEBRUARY.
By H. A. BuRBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

THE TEMPERATURES should remain the same as for last month, keeping the
atmosphere in the houses as genial and health-producing as possible. This
latter during the present month will greatly depend on the stoking of the
fires. It is work which should be done with intelligence and forethought,
so that sufficient warmth and no more is regularly maintained. Never do
Orchids grow so well as when fire heat is not needed, and never do they grow
so badly as when overdone with fire heat. Therefore I strongly recommend
those who would be successful growers to do without it whenever possible.
Our climate is proverbially changeable, and it is not an unmixed evil, for
the less our coke or coal bill, the healthier, plumper, and greener are our
Orchids. Many a day during the present winter has it been possible to
allow the fire to go out for the greater part of the day, lighting it again in
the evening, so as to maintain a steady warmth for the night and morning,

DAMPING AND AIRING.—These two items of management must be
left practically to the intelligence of the grower. It is scarcely possible |
to write when, or how often, to damp and ventilate—one must work
hand-in-hand with outside conditions, and the methods of firing, for therein
lies success or failure. As regards damping, however, I may say that
the atmosphere must not be allowed to become unduly dry, or the plants
will soon suffer. For such mild weather as we have been having lately,
damping down once a day will generally be sufficient. As to ventilating,
aim at keeping the atmosphere pure and healthy, without opening the
ventilators wide enough to cause a cold draught. Ventilate from the
bottom ; rarely, if ever, employ the top ones at this season. But here,
again, one must be guided by the structure one has to manipulate. Some
are perforated with many air spaces between the wood and glass, thus
providing at this season almost enough fresh air, whilst others are so
tightly constructed as to be practically air proof, and, when so, it becomes
necessary at most times to have a chink on at the top, in addition to the
bottom, to insure a gentle circulation. I am not quite in favour of such
air-proof houses; there is an advantage, of course, during a blizzard of
snow, &c., but I am inclined to think that is a small set-off against its
disadvantages. Has any grower ever noticed, -like I have done, how
grandly Orchids invariably seem to grow in dilapidated, tumble-down
old houses in which, on account of air spaces, it is difficult to keep up
the temperature during severely cold weather ?

Waterinc.—Continue to do this sparingly, but do not exhaust the
plants by keeping them over-dry. I water during winter once or twice
a week, according to the amount of fire heat necessary to maintain the

58 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

temperature. Most plants then require it, and get it, more or less.
Some few, perhaps—principally those that are quite dormant-—may safely
be passed over until the next time, whilst others in growth are perhaps
watered twice. All, however, should be kept on the dry side, but not
on any account so dry as to cause shrivelling of the pseudobulbs.

DeENpDROBIUMS, for the most part, are now resting in the Intermediate
house, but many are fast swelling up their flower buds, and when these are
well set, and pretty well advanced, the plants may receive water more
liberally, and if placed ina little extra warmth the buds will quickly expand.
New growth at the same time will quickly be pushing from the base, and after
blooming, what re-potting or top-dressing is necessary should be performed ;
when if placed in their growing quarters—the Warm house—new pseudobulbs
will rapidly form. Avoid pushing them on too rapidly in strong and moist
heat, and still water sparingly until better and more suitable weather -
appears, or the new growths are very liable to damp, which is always 4
great mishap. D. Wardianum should now be coming in at its best, also D.
nobile, D. primulinum, D. fimbriatum oculatum, D. x Cassiope, and a host
of other hybrids. In re-potting, panning, or basketing, use the best of fibrous
peat mixed with an equal portion of sphagnum moss, and make a special
point of using small receptacles in comparison to the plant. Always well
drain—at least one half—with clean crocks. A little charcoal is also good, _
but I think it is not very important.

RE-POTTING of Orchids is rather a delicate operation, and especially s©
with amateurs of slight experience, therefore the following few hints may
here be penned. Do not disturb a large plant—for the sake of re-potting—
unnecessarily, that is to say, unless it absolutely requires it. Potting =
small plant may of course be done with less risk, because it is not
necessary to disturb the roots so much. The length of time the compost
of a newly-potted plant will last in a sweet, healthy condition depends
on the quality of the compost used, the method of watering adopted, per
fect drainage, &c. When re-potting is decided upon, always select the
proper time for the operation, which is, with but few exceptions, just
as new growth is pushing forth from the base of the pseudo-
bulbs. Do not saturate the new compost immediately afterwards,
but gently water the surface with the syringe, and keep it
so moistened, together: with its immediate surroundings, for some
considerable time afterwards, which will prevent _ shrivelling and
loss of foliage until the plant is re-established. Also keep more shaded
than usual. For the better accommodation of recently-potted plants 4
good plan is to keep them together in one part of the house, So cist
they my be more sure of proper attention. Fibrous peat and sphagnum
moss in equal parts, except where otherwise stated, is the best compost

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 89

to use, and this should be well mixed together and worked in carefully
between the roots with the fingers of one hand, whilst the other holds the
plant in position. Do not cramp the roots in one place, but endeavour
to let them assume a natural position, distributed regularly about the
pot. Make the compost moderately firm; not too firm, nor yet too
loose. There is nota great deal of re-potting to dojust at present, because
very few species are ready, and we are not quite far enough out of the
winter. But there are some few which can be done, as_ follows :—

CaTTLEYAS.—The earliest to grow of the labiata section of Cattleyas may
be taken in hand, such as C. Trianz, C. Warneri, C. Gaskelliana, and
C. Warscewiczii. The whole of these are now starting, and will soon
make new roots in abundance. Like most others of the genus, they are
intermediate-growing kinds. Those not requiring a new pot should be top-
dressed. I may say that.a Cattleya, properly cared for in watering, &c.,
should never really require re-potting unless actually overgrowing the pot.

_ WINTER-BLOOMING CyYPRIPEDES, having now passed out of flower,
may also be re-potted. I prefer to give these rather a rich compost, and use
rather less depth of drainage, so the second-rate peat is selected, and
broken up in small pieces for one half, making up the remaining half with
lumpy fibrous loam, finely-broken crocks and charcoal, and a_ little
chopped sphagnum moss. One can scarcely go wrong if he cultivate the
whole of his Cypripedes in the Intermediate house. Some few, however,
may possibly do a little better in the warmest house, like C. Rothschild-
ianum, C. Sanderianum, C. philippinense, C. Stonei, C. Haynaldianum,
and. C. Lowii, and a few others will do equally well in the coolest house,
such as C. Boxallii, C. villosum, C. insigne and its varities, and C.

~ venustum.

MASDEVALLIAS.—This is also a capital time to re-pot Masdevallias, and
similar compost to that advised for Cypripediums is good for these. For
the strong-growing kinds, like M. Harryana and M. Veitchiana, pots are, I
think, the best receptacles, but for dwarf-growing species, like M. Wagner-
iana and M. Shuttleworthii, small hanging pans or baskets are the best.
Masdevallias are cool-growing Orchids, but do not like the temperature to
descend too low, or the foliage may fall. A temperature of about 50° patie
them well, and should there be any difficulty in keeping it above, say, 45°
they should either be allowed to remain dry at the root, or be removed to the
: Intermediate house for a time.
_ Mitronia vexiLcarta may also now be re-potte
jm good health. They commence to make a lot of roots now, and if kept
to small pots will sure to come round. I prefer, however, the period
immediately after blooming for the operation, when the plants are strong,
that seeming to be the more correct period. Peat and sphagnum in equal

d, especially if not

60 THE ORCHID REVIENV’

parts is the best compost; use pots perfectly drained to one half their
depth, and be careful not to over-water.

ANGULOAS AND LycasTEs should be re-potted as soon as new growth
appears. Be careful not to knock off the tiny flower buds which come in
clusters round the new growth. After flowering is usually the correct time
to re-pot most Orchids, but this is an exception, for if left until then the
growth is too far advanced. Use compost as advised for Cypripediums.

THE FUTURE OF THE CYPRIPEDE.

“‘T see no reason why the Cypripede should not hecome a first-rate
florist’s flower, like the Chrysanthemum and the Rose.”

Thus writes a correspondent, and we fully agree with him. When one
remembers how many good points the plant naturally possesses, and the
improvements already affected by the hybridist, it is not difficult to foresee
that the comparative absence of brilliant colouring, which some Orchidists
urge against it, will soon be remedied. And whatever may have been said
about them in the past, they are not all studies in browns and greens at the
present day. |

Some of them are beautiful enough to be grown for their foliage alone,
to say nothing of the annual crop of flowers, which are far more beautiful
than those of many foliage plants.

In the matter of culture and floriferousness they compare very favour-
ably with most other Orchids, and the flowers are very lasting when cut. A
well selected collection will also give a succession of flowers throughout the
year. The dull season is completely eliminated.

It is during the winter, perhaps, that they make the bravest show, for
the winter-blooming kinds have been crossed together to such an extent,
and with such successful results, that to-day their name is legion, and the
cry now is for greater selection.

Colour, as already remarked, is still the great desideratum, and we would
suggest that all the best kinds which are deficient in this respect should be
crossed with the most highly coloured sorts, in the hope of combining the
two characters.

Much has already been done and our own impression is that the next few
years will witness:a further great advance.

What a wonderful flower the Cypripede is to last; I think it is one of
the finest Orchids we ‘grow. Here are flowers of C. X Leeanum magni-
ficum and C. X Francisii which have been out since November, and though
somewhat past their best, are in the latter part of January still good.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 61

These plants have three things to recommend them. They give the greatest
display in mid-winter, and last longer than any other Orchid without
injuring the plant, while the fog, that injures or destroys almost every other
Orchid flower, has little or no effect upon them. I believe they will be
much more extensively grown in the future than in the past.
R. JOHNSON.
Whitefield.

LAZELIO-CATTLEYA: x DELICATA.

Two years ago a plant flowered .in the Kew collection which had been
received from the Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, m.p., as Lelio-cattleya X
amanda, though the flowers proved to be quite distinct, being apparently
intermediate between Lelia crispa and Cattleya Forbesii. Mr. Chamberlain
states that it was an imported plant purchased under that name. It has
now flowered again, and proves quite constant in character. The flower is
smaller than in Lelio-cattleya x amanda, and the petals are markedly
crisped and undulate. The front lobe of the lip, too, is strongly veined
with deep purple on a much paler ground, and all these characters would
be expected in a hybrid from Lelia crispa. The sepals and petals are
delicate blush-pink, with slightly darker veins, and the disc and side lobes
of the lip have that characteristic veining which is seen in all the hybrids of
Cattleya Forbesii—purple down the centre, and passing into yellowish on
the side lobes—a character which is more markedly developed in the parent
alluded to. The lip is also tinged with yellow below the front lobe and
just inside the throat. The plant has both one-leaved and two-leaved
Pseudobulbs. Both the parents grow near Rio de Janeiro, and we now
have pretty clear evidence that they grow intermixed. The two most
Natural hybrids are L.-c. X amanda (L. Boothiana X C.’ intermedia) and
L.-c.- x Verelii (L. Boothiana x C. Forbesii). I hope that some of our

hybridists will attempt the cross. ek BSR

ORCHIDS AT KEW.

AMONG the interesting Orchids which have recently flowered at Kew pei
be mentioned a fine species of Listrostachys from West Tropical Africa:
allied to L, Chailluana, but remarkable for having all the long spurs hooked
atthe tip. It has been named and is to be described as Listrostachys
hamata (Rolfe) in allusion to this character. It is interesting to record that
the plant of Moorea irrorata is now throwing up two fine spikes. a
riginally appeared at Glasnevin, and a figure was given in the Botanical
Magazine (t. 7262),

62 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during February, on the
12th and 26th, respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the
usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.

On March 26th, a lecture will be given at the Drill Hall, Westminster,
by Mr. W. H. White, Orchid Grower to Sir Trevor Lawrence, on
“‘Inconspicuous and rarely cultivated Orchids.”

The Sherwood Silver Cup, value ten guineas, is this year offered for the
best collection of Orchids shown by an amateur at the Temple Show,
May 22nd, 23rd, and 24th, in a space not exceeding 100 square feet,
Notice of intention] to compete for the Cup must be sent to the secretary
eight days before the show.

The following regulations from the Society’s arrangements for 1901
may be useful :— : ?

All persons, whether fellows of the Society or not, are invited to
exhibit noteworthy objects at the committee meetings.

Each object must be separately entered with the secretary of the
committee before 11.30 a.m. on the date of the meeting. If submitted
for certificate, they must be placed on a special table reserved for
certificated plants, and not be mixed up in groups.

The name, and, in the case of seedlings, particulars as to parentage
and date of raising should be given if possible. If an importation, the
name of its native country should be added. Seedlings, &c., sent —
without name will receive no award.

Exhibitors entering Orchids for Certificate must understand that by
so doing they tacitly consent to their flowers being painted if they-
Obtain any award, and that they will give the Society’s artist all
reasonable facilities.

When necessary, newly-imported plants will be referred to the Scientific
Committee, that they may be correctly named. .

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold
meetings at the Corn Exchange, Manchester, on February 7th and 21st.
The Orchid Committee meets at noon, -and the exhibits are open
inspection from 1 o’clock until 3 p.m.

We regret to learn that the second son of Mr. James Douglas; of

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 63

- Great Bookham, was killed bya flash of lightning at Stormberg, S. Africa,
on January roth. He was a member of the Cape Mounted Police.

M. Georges Martin, the well-known French Orchidist has been
nominated a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour.

Mr. J. Mackay, sub-foreman in charge of the Orchid department
at Kew, has been appointed Orchid grower to the Right Hon. J.
Chamberlain, M.P., at Highbury, Birmingham.

The Syren and Shipping for January 23rd contains an excellent portrait
of Richard le Doux, Esq., of Marlfield, West Derby, the possessor of one of
the noteworthy collections of Orchids in the Liverpool district, of which an —
account was given at page 297 of our seventh volume.

When writing the account of Lelia x Finckeniana to accompany the
figure at page g of our last issue, we overlooked the fact that a second plant
has appeared. It is in the collection of Baron Sir H. Schroder, The Dell,
Staines, and was described in 1895, under the name of L. X F. Schreedere,
as recorded at page 43 of our fourth volume.

With reference to the missing flower of the dimorphic Odontoglossum
X Denisone, described at page 355 of our last volume, Mrs. Briggs-Bury
writes that it was like the lower flowers on the spike ; but what is specially
remarkable is that two flowers on a small side branch at the base of the
spike (which had also been removed) were like the uppermost ones, SO that
the dark flowers were in the centre of the spike. Last year there was only
one dark flower, which was the second from the base. The future behaviour
of this plant will be watched with interest.

———_———

A NATURAL HYBRID LYCASTE.

A NOTE respecting the rare Lycaste lasioglossa appears in the Gardeners’
Chronicle for January 12th (p. 18), and it is there stated that :—‘* Some time
880 we received a natural hybrid from M. P. Walter, Magdeburg, Germany,
imported with Lycaste Skinneri, and which was evidently a natural hybrid
between it and L. lasioglossa.” It would be interesting to know more
about it, and whether the specimen was preserved. Natural hybrids are
becoming a rather numerous class, and their study is attended with many
difficulties, but I am trying to clear up their history and origin as far as
Possible, and should like to know more about the present plant.

R. A. ROLFE.

64 THE ORCHID REVIEW,

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CaTTLEYA Dowiana Rosita.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 55, with fig.

CATTLEYA X PRINCE OF WALEs.—/Journ. Hort., 1901, xlii, p. 25, with
Ee, : :

CoRYANTHES MASTERSIANA.—Gard. Chyron., IQOI, XXix, p. 19, fig. 9.

CYPRIPEDIUM X GERTRUDE HoLiincton.—Journ. Hort., 1900, xlii,
p- 89, with fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM SPECTABILE (at Straffan).—Gard. Chron., 1901. xxix, p. 21,
fig. 10.

Denumaniee DENSIFLORUM (specimen satig —Gard. World, xvii,

' p. 329, with fig.

4

DENBROBIUM NOBILE (at Sydney).—Garden, 1901, lix, p. 43, with fig.

L&iia X Mrs. GRATRIX GRANDIS.—Gard. Mag., 1go1, p. 6, with fig.;
Gard. Chron., 1901, xxix, suppl., fig. 5.

L#&LIA PUMILA BusH HI Li var.—Gard. Mag., Igo1, p. 21, with fig.

LYCASTE LASIOGLOSsA.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xlii, p. 5, with fig.

“MASDEVALLIA DEORSA.—Gard. Chron., 1900, xviii, p. 395, fig. 121,

OncipIuM Forsesi1.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 21, with fig.

SARCOCHILUS LILACINUS, Griff.—Bot. Miag:, t. 7794.

ZYGOPETALUM MAXILLARE.—Journ. Hort., 1900. xlii, p. 89, with fig.

CORRESPONDENCE. &c.

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on hho pages, and in some
cases, for various reasons, they may have to stand over for a future issue. In the seofhvbr id seedlings
sent for name, the pecstere and history should always be briefly stated, for withoat these details we
are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily ).

WS. “rust” on the leaf of Paphiopedilum venustum is not a fungus, but the
oa of insect puncture ; probably thrips in the young growth. A pinch of tobacco powder
aneciat in is often an effective rem edy.

. Paphiopedilum x Hera is, we consider, the correct name i ae hybrid between
~ Leeanum and P. Boxallii. It is trie ow aoe ” had bee plied to an earlier
hybrid, which, however, proved synonymous x" La thamianiny thus leaving the
name free for . present one, which was c alled ¢ pinanen ” at a later
O. O. W. Both 1 and 2 are forms of Paphiopedilum virens. P. nigritum is also Bornean,
but has the Pasi se roa striped with purple. 4 is a very pretty hybrid, plasty derived
from P. Charlesworthii and P. tonsum has the characters of Argus strongly
mar send, the other parent ribs poe one of the racemose group, probably P. philippin-
P. X Bryan

—

ense, which would make it a form o}

R. J. A form of Pitieetin x vestladcns with rather less colour than usual A
pant Heep gr - Pog ero amen and the colour and markings different trom those ©
P. Fai nu e leaves not marbled ?

W. re A good ity typical form of Paphiopedilum x Leeanum which, we think, does
not require a Papa me. We ibe foe too many indistinguishable oS and too
h vehads: are not on record.

Pikinraals received, with nest O. O. W., J. W. A., A. W. H.

Received. J.R, CC. H,, J.T. B, T.A, W. HW, AHN, ].W.

ah ed

STANLEY, ASHTON & Co.,
SOUTHGATE, LONDON, N.,

| (ke importing the FINEST ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Colombia produces.

and guarantee all their plants.

All buyers of the true “ Native Pacho” should write; they are promised

fullest satisfaction in advance.

a eery onca courrrayogs | WALUABLE WORKS OF ORCHIDS.
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All desirous of having the benefit
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ORCHIDS. |

WE are continually receiving large im-
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and will be pleased to quote prices for large
or small quantities.

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TELEGRAPH, “HORTULANUS,” Lonpon.
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epHone, No. 87

‘Patentees ofthe Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers,

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et THE COAL EXCHANGE, MARKET
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held on February 7th aud 2ist, (991, at 12 o'clock
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oracles! Gavtens: Manchester

ORCHID HOUSES

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lendar of este SAS for March.

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"Dendéobium ‘% Mantinii

Contents.

AGE PAGE:
80 Paphiopedilum x Barbeyze igs

ei vlan i: X suave ... <i Oe

. 83 | Lycaste xX Jan eign

. 96 ce ge Skinneri ae (Fig. 17), pen Re

. 76 | Not Pe

Os esac x loochristiense coun-

sreee he donense : ee

73, 74.| Orchid nomenclature... m >. BY os

73,75 | Orchid Portraits ... es :-. 96

73,75 | Orchids, Baron eke ee

73,75 | Orchids in Seaso «Ot

73,75 | Orchids from Rora 15
eee penionien x Bard Schroder (Fig.

739 74 ete
ree. Bt ee tuberculosus at on oan nr ig
. 69 Societies "OFS
293 Ro yal cornea ce ee oe
- 93 ee

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T's work mere Recreate of all the most important species and Acre in A esseime ta. their Origin, —
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i desideratun nee we have ear see to suppl ee
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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Von IX]. . "MARCH, 1gol. LNo. 99.

DIES ORCHIDIANZ.

i THE history of Phaius tuberculosus and its ally, P. simulans, as given in
your last issue, is very interesting, and when looking at the excellent
Photograph at page 41 I could not help wishing that the two had been
figured side by side, especially if their very different habits had been shown.
It is fortunate that well-marked differences have been detected in the keels
and crests of the lip, for otherwise the floral resemblance would have been
embarrassing, and one can hardly conceive two such dissimilar plants
bearing identical flowers. It is marvellous that the resemblance should be
so close, and perhaps some of our authorities who inquire into the ‘‘ reason
of things ” will tell us why it is so.

I thought we had not heard the last of the matter, and the issue of the
Gardeners’ Magazine for F ebruary 23rd (page 116) contains some observations
By “ A YC.” ater alluding to the plant being exhibited at the R. H. S.
meeting, as already recorded, he proceeds :—

“It is certainly strange, when a plant is being sold and advertised for
the owners under one name, after it has been in flower for'some weeks at
Kew, to be suddenly described as the true Phaius tuberculosus.”

— Well, “strange” things have eer and happening “suddenly.”
seems to have been a little disconcerting. However, let us read on:—
‘The specimen shown at the Drill Hall, I have no hesitation in saying,
is unmistakably intermediate _between ‘Phaius Humblotii and the species
we have known in culti as Phaius tuberculosus.
Notwithstanding this fact, Mr. Rolfe n now ois ‘the name to P. simulans. I
Suppose the identity of this plant as a natural hybrid would not be admitted
by the powers that be at the Hoy ae ‘dens, ee. ae raat remarked,

66 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

when the first mule or garden-raised hybrid Orchid appeared, ‘ Why, you
will drive the botanists mad,’ and these feelings would appear to be still
retained at Kew.”

It is not quite clear how we should regard this singular agreement
between the Kew authorities and Dr. Lindley, but let ‘“H. J. ©
proceed :— ‘

“1 do not for a moment say that Mr. Rolfe is not perfectly justified in
stating what he may have discovered, but this case is a further instance of
the botanist in his herbarium differing from theman who has a practical
knowledge of the habits and structural peculiarities of the plants dealt
with.”

Of course, if Mr. Rolfe would only come out of his Herbarium, and see
what an Orchid looks like when its alive, and find out all about its structural
peculiarities, there is no telling what might happen; though we get an
inkhng of the matter in the next sentence :—

“T do not think there was a single practical man present at the Drill
Hall, who knew the two species in cultivation, that did not readily recognize
the intermediate characteristics of the plant there exhibited.”

This shows the advantages of being practical; but we are coming to the
point :—

“It appears that the Kew authorities refuse altogether to have anything
to do with the naming of garden hybrids [? Ed. Gard. Mag.}, yet they are
evidently ready to recognize imported plants and class them as species,
even when the intermediate characters of the two parents are so pronounced
as in this case.”

Now we know that the plant isa natural hybrid, and if 5 But
let “HH. J. C.”’ finish :-—

“Among Odontoglossums we have frequent introductions of hybrids -
which the botanists say cannot be such, because the species supposed to be
the parents grow hundreds of miles apart. It is time such ideas were put
on one side, and undoubted proofs recognized. The garden-raised mules are
proving in many instances the manner in which many of the gocae
good species of the botanist have originated. Travellers like Mr.
Boxall tell us that many of the species supposed to be isolated ‘ ak
together,’ and although the great proportion, even of Cypripediums, flower
at different seasons, stray flowers crop up and afford opportunities for cross
breeding, and the proof of its taking place may be found in the frequency
with which these natural hybrids make their appearance among importations

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 67

of plants. The sooner the authorities admit the possibility of natural
hybrids, and name them as such, the better will their work be appreciated.”

Now, let mc see where we are. We have the Phaius, and Mr. Rolfe,
and the Kew authorities, and the botanists who won’t recognize natural
hybrids, and H. J. C. Altogether things seem to have got a little mixed,
for I remember a rather long series of articles on “ Hybrid Odontoglossums,”’
and a paper entitled “‘ Hybridisation viewed from the standpoint of system-
atic botany,” both by Mr. Rolfe, who has also given us his views on various
natural hybrid Cattleyas, Lzlias, Phalenopses, Dendrobiums, Cypripedes,
and, I think, a few others. But then he overlooked the natural hybrid
Phaius! Hine ille lachryme.

Curiously enough, your last issue contained three separate notes on
natural hybrids by Mr. Rolfe, one of which contained the remark :—
“Natural hybrids are becoming a rather numerous class, and their study is
attended with many difficulties, but I am trying to clear up their history ©
and origin as far as possible.”

The Phaius question I see cropped up again at the Drill Hall on Febru-
ary 26th, for a.plant was exhibited by MM. Le Breton and Warpur as
on Warpuri, sp. nov., with the following note :—

‘1. This is a new species, now introduced for the first time.

‘2. Some authorities imagine it to be the same as Thouars’ Limodorum
tuberculosum, relying solely. on acertain similarity in the tuft of hairs on
the crest of the lip.

“3. A glance at the plant exhibited, however, will show the weakness of
the opinion, because on the same stem there are two flowers out of three
pat have no tuft of hairs on the lip.

“4. It is therefore impossible to attach any importance whatever to
such an obviously unreliable characteristic as a tuft of hairs, which may or
may not be present.

“5. There is only a solitary flower of Thouars’ original plant at the
Britich Museum, but neither leaf nor pseudobulb.

Isleworth JouN WEATHERS.”

And now where are we? It seems to be admitted that there is an
authentic flower (as well as an authentic drawing), and one may ask the
question whether the flowers of the two species are really so much alike
that anyone who knows the difference between them cannot tell to which

this authentic flower belongs ?

68 : THE ORCHID REVIEW.

There are two notes from a report in the Gardeners’ Chronicle of the
meeting of the Manchester Orchid Society held on January 24th, which are
not unconnected with the question of Confusion in N lature to which
allusion was made last month. Respecting some Cypripediums exhibited
we read:—‘‘ Two of the plants were apparently new, viz., C. nigratum
(sic) and C .virens. They seem to be bastard forms of C. purpuratum.” Now
C. nigritum is a Bornean species which was described by Reichenbach in
1882, and C. virens of the same author, and from the same country, dates
from 1863. C. purpuratum, it may be added, is a native of Hongkong, and
I suppose that even for natural hybrids we must draw the line somewhere.

The other note refe:s to “a hybrid Dendrobium, the parents of which
were D. nobile var. Cypheri x D. heterocarpum, and was given the dual name
of D. hetero-Cypher (Award of Merit). Cypripedium x Lawre-Spicer «ame
from the same grower.” Whenever wil! it be remembered that all hybrids
between Dendrobium nobile and D. aureum (syn. heterocarpum) are forms

of D. x Ainsworthii ? And how about Cypripedium X radiosum? I- was
once told that dual names were excellent, because they gave a clue to the
parentage of a plant, and I remember reading that all attempts to combine
the history of a plant in its name must necessarily end in failure. The
latter remark at all events seems applicable to the present case.

“G. H. H.” please note.
ARGUS.

CYPRIPEDIUM x SIMONIL VAR. OBSCURUM.

In American Gardening, vol. xx., p. 874, was given-a figure of a supposed
natural hybrid between Cypripedium insigne and C. Spicerianum. The
plant from which the figure was made bloomed again last November, and a
comparative study of garden hybrids related to it has furnished ample
evidence on which to base the belief that it is a natural hybrid, the result
of across between C. x Leeanum (not C. Spicerianum, as was at first
supposed and suggested), and C. insigne. Such a combination would give
C. x Simonii. For the form figured the name C. x Simonii var. obscurum
has been suggested and seems well conceived. A coloured drawing of this
natural hybrid may be seen in the library of the Massachusetts Horticul-
tural Society—Oakes Ames, in Amer. Gard. XXxi., pp. 44, 45, fig. 11.

I have only seen the drawing, but cannot avoid a suspicion that the

point is not yet proved. About a year ago we were discussing the possi- °

bility of the first-named cross appearing as a wild plant (O. R. viii., p- 50);
and if this latter view is correct the case is certainly remarkable.

e

Fee, SM eS ey SSO eae

SS RES ae eee

meter

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 69

THE HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTIVATION.
(Continued from vol. vill., p. 335)-

It was in 1828 that Lelia crispa appeared for the first time, being described
and figured by Lindley in the Botanical Register (t. 1172) under the name of
Cattleya crispa. The author remarked, “‘ This splendid epiphyte was sent
from Rio de Janeiro to the Horticultural Society by Sir Henry Chamberlayne,
Bart., in 1826. It flowered in the stove in the Chiswick Garden in August,
1827. It is very distinct from all the other species of Cattleya, both in
colour and in the form of the labellum and other segments of the flower.
There are now five species of Cattleya upon record.” A cultural note briefly
states, ‘‘ Cultivated in decayed vegetable mould, in which it grows freely.”

Cattleya intermedia was also described and figured in 1829 for the first
time (Bot. Mag. t. 2851). It flowered at the Glasgow Botanic Garden,
and its history is thus given by Dr. Hooker :—‘“‘ We received our specimens
along with many other valuable plants from Mr. Harris, of Rio de Janeiro, by
Capt. Graham, of his majesty’s Packet Service, in 1824. They have been
kept in the stove in pots of decayed bark ; and the specimen now described
flowered for the first time in Spring, 1826, but met with an accident before

it could be figured or described. It bloomed for the second time in April

last (1828), and remained in perfection several days. Other specimens,
subjected to the same kind of treatment, have remained without the least
alteration in their appearance since they were imported., The subject os
the present notice is now pushing its roots freely over the pieces of bark.”

Zygopetalum rostratum was another interesting addition of the year, being
also figured and described in the Botanical Magazine (t. 2819), where Dr.
Hooker remarks :—“ It is with no small satisfaction that I am now able to
give a second species of this handsome and curious genus, and one no less
remarkable in the size and structure of its flowers. The credit of introduc-
ing this fine plant from Demerara to the Liverpool Botanic Garden is due
to our excellent friend C. S. Parker, Esq. It flowered in October,
1827.” ,

In 1829 Cypripedium macranthon appears t ed i
Cultivation, and was figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 2938). It is said
to be “‘ quite new to our collections.” We are told that ‘‘ seeds had often
been sent by Dr. Fischer, of St. Petersburgh, to the Glasgow Botanic
Garden ; but we never succeeded in cultivating it until last year, when roots
Were presented by the same liberal Botanist. One of these, from which
the present figure and description were made, blossomed under the pro-
tection of a frame in May, 1829.” ec

Stanhopea insignis also dates from 1829 (Bot. Mag. t. 2948-9). It bas
“communicated during the present month of October from His Majesty’s

o have first flowered in

7° THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Royal Gardens at Kew, by John Frost, Esq., with the request that it
might be called Stanhopea insignis, in compliment to the Right Hon.
Philip Henry, Earl Stanhope, the noble President of the Medico-Botanical
Society of London.” It flowered in October 1827.

A foot note here supplies evidence of the appearance of our finest
Zygopetalum. It is described asa splendid plant from the collection of
Richard Harrison, Esq., of Aigburth, near Liverpool, having flowers twice
the size of those of Z. Mackaii (previously figured), “‘and so much more
brilliant in colour that Mr. Harrison and Mr. Shepherd were disposed to
consider it a distinct species.” The opinion was doubtless correct, for the
note evidently refers to Z. intermedium.

Brassavola tuberculata (Bot. M ag., t. 2878) is another novelty from the
collection just mentioned, which flowered in July 1828. It was collected on
tree-trunks, in rocky places at the entrance to Botafogo Bay, by H. Harrison,
Esq., and the drawing was made by Mrs. Arnold Harrison. ,

One other addition made during 1829 deserves mention, namely,
Dendrobium chrysanthum, which was figured in the Botanical Register
(t. 1299). Lindley remarks that it was brought to England from the
Calcutta Botanic Garden by Dr. Wallich, in 1828, and flowered in a stove
in the Horticultural Society’s garden in February, 1829.

A very curious plant described and figured in 1830, was Gongora viridi-

purpurea (Bot. Mag., t. 2978), which was ‘‘ communicated with a drawing :

from the rich collection of Aigburgh, by the kindness of Mrs. Arnold
Harrison. It was gathered in woods, above Botafogo Bay, Brazil, by the
brother of that lady, Henry Harrison, Esq. It flowered in June, 1829.”
It subsequently proved to be a species of Cirrhza, a genus then only
imperfectly known.

The species now known as Dendrobium Linawianum also appeared for
the first time in the collection of William Cattley, Esq., of Barnet. It is
a native of China and Japan, and was then thought to be identical with D.
moniliforme, under which name it was figured in the Botanical Register
{t. 1314). The next platealso shows D. longicornu, which was brought from
India by Dr. Wallich, in 1828, and flowered in the garden of the Horticul-
tural Society at Chiswick.

The hardy Cypripediums seem to have been pretty well known, for
when figuring C. parviflorum (Bot. Mag., t. 3024) Dr. Hooker remarked :—
“‘T have been much gratified in the early part of the present month (May,
1830) with the beauty and variety of the Cypripedia, and the numerous
specimens of each kind, flowering under a common frame in the Glasgow
Botanic Garden, at one and the same time. C. macranthon, humile, specta-
bile, arietinum, pubescens, and parviflorum, seemed to vie with each other in
the rich colours, or curious structure of their blossoms.”’

a

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 71

In 1831 Cattleya guttata flowered at Chiswick for the first time, and |
was figured in the Botanical Register (t. 1406). It had been sent from Brazil
by the Right Hon. Robert Gordon.

Lycaste tetragona also appeared, being then described and figured under
the name of Maxillaria tetragona (Bot. Reg., t. 1428). It was imported
from Rio de Janeiro by the Horticultural Society, in whose collection at
Chiswick it flowered in June, 1830.

The most interesting. novelty, however, of the year 1831 was Peristeria
elata, which flowered in the collection of Richard Harrison, Esq., of Liver-
pool, and was figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 31 16). Its history was
given at page 277 of our last volume.

The genus Coryanthes was also described from a plant which flowered
in the Liverpool Botanic Garden, and which had been sent from Demerara
by James Ankers, Esq. It was called C. maculata (Bot. Mag., t. 3102).
Another species was, however, already in cultivation, under the name
of Gongora speciosa, and was now transferred to Coryanthes, as C.
speciosa.

Oncidium bicornutum was also described and figured (Bot. Mag.,
t. 3109). It flowered in the collection of Mrs. Arnold Harrison, who
had recéived it from her brother at Rio de Janerio.

Two species of the Australian genus Pterostylis were also figured in the
Botanical Magazine, both having been communicated from Kew, where they
had flowered. They were P. nutans (t. 3085), and P. curta (t. 3086).

In 1832 Stanhopea eburnea appeared, and was figured in the Botanical
Register (t. 1529). Lindley remarked:—“ We are indebted for our ‘now:
ledge of this noble epiphyte to James Bateman, Esq., who most obligingly
sent us specimens from his rich collection of Orchideous plants at Knypers-
ley Hall, near Congleton, in July last. It was introduced from Rio de
Janeiro by Messrs. Loddiges, and Mr. Bateman remarked that one scape
was broken off, and the other only preserved froma similar fate by breaking
an opening through the sides of the pot. This seems to have been the
first plant figured from a collection which afterwards became one of the
most famous in the annals of Orchidology.”

Angrzecum superbum also now appeared, but wa
allied A. eburneum, and figured under the latter name (Bot. Reg., t. 522).
It was introduced from Madagascar by “the unfortunate Forbes,” and
flowered in the collection of the Horticultural Society in the November
Pr€vious, nee

Other interesting introductions of the year were Brassavola Perrinti
(Bot. Reg., t. 1561), a Brazilian plant from the collection of Mrs. Arnold
Harrison, after whose gardener, Perrin, it was named ; Nanodes discolor
(Lc., t. 1541), a native of Rio de Janeiro, which flowered in the collection

s confounded with the

oh THE ORCHID REVIEW.

~ of the Horticultural Society in August, 1829; Colax viridis, then called
Maxillaria viridis ((.c., t. 1510), a Brazilian species from the same collec-
tion; Oncidium cornigerum (l.c., t. 1 542), from the collection of the Hon.
and Rev. W. Herbert; Epidendrum variegatum (Bot. Mag., t. 3151), from
the collection of Richard Harrison, Esq.; also Maxillaria picta (i.c.,
t. 3154) and Colax placanthera, then called Maxillaria placanthera (t. 3173),
both from the collection of Mrs. Arnold Harrison, who was also an accom-
plished artist, as may be seen by the figures in the work in question,
which bear her name. & ;

It is evident that the Harrisons exerted a great influence on Orchid
culture about this period, and that Brazil was a never-failing source of
novelties.

(To be continued.)

PHAIUS TUBERCULOSUS.

I OBSERVE a note in the Gardeners’ Magazine for February 23rd (p. 116),
by H. J. C., to the effect that the recently introduced Phaius is a natural
hybrid between Phaius Humblotii and the species known in cultivation for
nearly twenty years as P. tuberculosus. The writer adds that he has-no
hesitation in saying that the plant is unmistakably intermediate, and that the
characters are so pronounced as to have been recognized by every practical
man present. It is unfortunate that P. Humblotii was not present too,
rH. J. C. would not have been quite so sure of his ground. I had
previously been through the question, though with another object, and had
these perfectly obvious intermediate characters been present I should
hardly have overlooked them. H. J. C. does not tell us what they are, and
- I suspect that he had not P. Humblotii before him, or he must have seen
that its crest is of a totally different character. In fact, there is nothing{in
the characters ofthe three plents, or in their distribution (for M. Warpur
states that P. Humblotii grows far away from the other two), to warrant this
confident opinion. Those who want plants of the true P. tuberculosus
will never get it by crossing P. Humblotii and P. simulans.

A statement has also been publicly made, in another quarter, that it is
impossible to say which species Thouars’ orginal flower belongs to, in the
absence of pseudobulbs and leaves. This, fortunately, is an entire mis- —
conception of the facts. The floral differences are well marked, and there
is not the slightest doubt about the facts already stated. It is unfortunate
that the mistake was made, and, now that it has been discovered, the
best way out of the difficulty is to remedy it as quickly as possible.

R. A. ROLFE.

eS 7

THE .ORCHID REVIEW. 73
A GROUP OF DENDROBIUMS,

DENDROBIUMS are among the most popular of our winter and _ spring-
flowering Orchids, and just now are making a grand display in collections.
Among the species, Dendrobium nobile occupies the foremost place, and so
extensively has it been intercrossed with allied species that its hybrids are
also becoming a very numerous group, and they fortunately retain the free-
growing habit and floriferousness of the parent. Five forms of D. nobile
are shown in the annexed group, together with one of its hybrids, the latter
being represented both by wild and artificially raised forms.

! s
Fig. 10. DENDROBIUM X PrtcHERIANUM. Fig. 9. D. X P. RoLFe%.
3 Fig. 11. D. NOBILE. Fig. 12. D. N. ALBIFLORUM.

Fig. 13. D. N. NoBILIUS. Fig. 14. D. N. SANDERIANUM.
Fig. 15. D. N. COOKSONIANUM.
D. x PitcHERIANUM (fig. 10) was described by Reichenbach in 1888
(Gard. Chron., 1888, iii., p. 392) as follows -* EP), Pitcherianum, n. hyb.
nat.—Mr. F. Sander kindly sends me a two-flowered race
supposes to be a natural -hybrid between D. primulinum d
‘sserting that the stem is quite like that of D. nobile, and wishing me to

me of what he
and D. nobile,

74 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

name it in honour of Mr. J. R. Pitcher, Short Hills, New Jersey, U.S.N.A,,
a most enthusiastic Orchidist. The flowers are equal to those of a good
D. primulinum. Both sepals and petals are much like those of that
species, as they are rather narrow and straight. The ligulate, blunt sepals
are whitish, rosy, with fine purple tips. The petals are broader with a deep
purple tip, and a broad, distinct, rosy mid line from the tip to the base. It
is an exceedingly curious and rare fact, that the colours of the flowers are
far deeper outside. The lip is very interesting. From a short stalk, green
at the base, it is enlarged into a heart-shaped, semi-oblong, subacute body.
This, however, is the outline after artificial expansion, and it answers well
the outline of the lip, not of D. primulinum, but of D. nobile. Normally
the lip is involute at the base and subacute before the apex, thus making
the sort of a goitre with a flat surrounding margin. Its colour is light
sulphur. The callous abrupt line in the middle of the disc before the base
is whitish. The apex of the lip is purple, and there are dark purple, nearly
parallel stripes on both sides of this callous part. Both sides of the surface
of the lip are most densely covered with very short hairs. The column is
small, green with semisigmoid wings at the sides of the anther, and witha
linear purple tooth in the middle of the back. There is no little hollow to
be seen at the base of the column. It may, however, appear in the estab-
lished plant. The anther looks quite abortive. It is very thin, its upper
part looking like a purple Phrygian cap that has been made of an insufficient
quantity of cloth. The bulbs and leaves are said to be like those of D.
nobile. I think Mr. Sander’s suggestion about the origin is quite right.”

D. x P. Ro_re# (fig. 9).—Whether Messrs. Sander at once set about
proving the parentage of the plant just mentioned is not quite clear, but in.
1892 they flowered a hybrid raised fram D. primulinum ¢@ and D. nobile
3, which they named D. x Rolfez (Gard. Chron., 1892, xi., p- 522); with-
out any reference to D. x Pitcherianum. Two years later a plant flowered
in the collection of Major-Gen. E. S. Berkeley, of Southampton, out of an
importation of D. nobile, which was considered as a form of the same
hybrid, and described as D. X Rolfez roseum (Orch. Rev. ii., p- 114); the
eatlier D. x Pitcherianum being overlooked. Whether the original plant of
D. X Pitcherianum still exists we do not know, and the type specimen is
locked up in the Reichenbachian Herbarium and inaccessible, but the
description of the disc is so characteristic that it is probably of the same
origin. It cannot be said that the wild and artificially raised hybrids here
figured are identical, but two or three other plants have since appearee
having similarly marked characteristics in the lip and disc, and it seems
probable that all are forms of one variable hybrid. Further materials are
necessary before the point can be considered quite settled.

D. NopiLe.—The remaining figures in the group are forms of D. nobile,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 75

and serve to show some of the variation to which the species is subject.
Fig. 11 represents a fairly typical form, out of an importation from Upper
Burma, from which region a good many of the recent importations are
believed to have come.

D.N. ALBIFLORUM (fig: 12) is a rather small form, having the flowers
pure white, with the exception of the disc, which in very dark, blackish
maroon in colour.

D. N. NopiLius (fig. 13) is a well-known varietv, one of the largest
known, and very richly coloured. It originally appeared about a quarter of
a century ago.

D. N. SANDERIANUM (fig. 14) is smaller than the last, but nearly rivals
it in the colour of the sepals and petals... .

D. x. Cooxsontanum (fig. 15), is remarkable for having the base of the
petals coloured very much like the lip, and thus may be considered a
Peloriate form. It may be mentioned here that D. n. burfordiense has
somewhat similar markings at the base of the lateral sepals.

A good many other varieties have been named and described, and a
Pretty complete account of them was given in the fourth volume of this
Work (pp. 147-150). We may also add that the beautiful albino D. n. vir-
ginale, which subsequently appeared, was described and figured at page 145
of our fifth volume. ;

ORCHIDS FROM RORAIMA.
THE last part of the 7ransactions of the Linnean Society is devoted to a
“Report on two botanical collections made by Messrs. F. V. McConnell
‘ind J. J. Quelch at Mount Roraima in British Guiana,” the said plants
having been worked up at Kew. The Orchids are described by Mr. R. A.
Rolfe, A.L.S., and include the ten following novelties :—Pleurothallis
Toraimensis, Stelis guianensis, Brachionidium brevicaudatum (an interesting
addition to a small genus hitherto only known from the Andes and West
Indies), Octomeria Connellii, O. parvifolia, Bulbophyllum roraimense,
Houlletia roraimensis, Maxillaria Connellii, M. Quelchii, and Habenaria
Toraimensis. Orchids seem to occupy an important place in the Roraima
flora, for it is noted that above an elevation of 5,000 feet, the Order comes
fst in point of numbers, while in the whole flora it is second only to
Leguminosz. Messrs. McConnell and Quelch first visited Roraima in the.
autumn of 1898, and on both occasions, not only encamped higher —e the
Slopes than any previous traveller, but they spent nights on the summit in
°rder that the time given to collecting its fauna and flora should be

‘uninterrupted.
—— ee

76 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

THE FUTURE OF THE*CYPRIPEDE.

Mr. JOHNSON makes some interesting remarks about Cypripedes at page 60,
and I, for one, can fully endorse all that he says of them, and would very much
like to see their more general cultivation. For beauty some of them are
unique, and for lasting qualities when in flower they have no equal. At the
time of writing (February 18th), we have a plant of C. x Arthurianum in
flower which opened in November. It had eleven flowers in all. Only three
are left; the rest have been cut—not because they were over, but for use—and
those left, though past their best, are still good. The plant while in flower
has stood amongst Odontoglossums ina Cool house. We have other varieties
in the stove which have been in flower since various dates in December, and
are still quite passable. With such a useful and accommodating class of
plants as these, it makes some of the Orchids in general cultivation not worth
growing, especially in the neighbourhood of large towns, where mills and
factories abound. Take, for instance, Lelia anceps. After growing thesé
plants for the year round, some of the coloured varieties did not last in
flower with us more than two days perfect, and the white varieties not as
long as we would wish. Unfortunately, the Cypripedium is not so popular
round Liverpool as it is round Manchester, as a visit at any time during the
winter months to one of the meetings of the Manchester and North of
England Orchid Society will prove. I should very much like to see them
more popular and more generally cultivated, which they richly deserve, for
very often valuable room is wasted upon things which, be as careful as you
may, will either not succeed with all your care, or only do so for a time and
then deteriorate. Tastes, however, differ and must, of course, be considered,
for whoever pays the piper has the sole right to select the tune.
THoMAS ARCHER.
West Derby, Liverpool.

Have you observed how many more flowers the hybrid Cypripedes have
than the parent species—all save those having pardinum for one parent?
Our X Rossianum blooms twice a year; a xX Lathamianum now in flower
(ina ten inch pot) has nineteen single flowers and three twin-flowered scapes;
making twenty-five in all. Our hybrid Harrisianum roseum (much larger
than the usual one) blooms from every vegetation, and I could go on giving
you other instances, Possibly the climate here may have something to do
with it, for with us C. superbiens flowers splendidly, and I believe it is 4
shy bloomer generally. :

Florence, JANET Ross.

THE ORCHID REVIEW 77

CULTURE OF CALANTHES. :

THE species and hybrids of Calanthe undoubtedly deserve to be in the
front rank of stove-flowering Orchids; the genus has also a special
interest for amateurs on account of the many beautiful forms included in it,
and because the spikes of bloom are exceedingly effective for decorative
purposes generally. I allude to those of the deciduous section, that lose
their leaves about the time the first flowers begin to open, such as C. rosea,
the varieties of C. vestita, and the hybrids C. X Veitchii, C. xX V. alba,
C. X Victoria-Regina, C. Xx bella, C. x burfordiensis, C. x Sedenii, C. Xx
_ Harrisii, C. x versicolor, C. x Phoebe, C. xX William Moftfay, GC. +x
Ariadne, &c. A few plants of each of the kinds enumerated would form a
"ice collection, and would afford an uninterrupted succession of flowers for
about two months during mid-winter. The spikes, when cut, last for three
weeks in a cool room. The flowering period of the above-mentioned
varieties commences about the beginning of November, which, with the
addition of C. vestita Turneri and its variety alba, continues well into the
new year. Towards the end of January we have Calanthes of the Regnieri
section, as C. Regnieri, C. Sanderiana, C. Stevensii, C. fausta, and C.
Williamsii, which last till about the end of March or the beginning of April.
It will therefore be seen that we have a succession of Calanthe flowers for
at least a period of five months.

When the flowers are cut the bulbs require a thorough rest, in fact few
Orchids will stand such a long period without water as these. No better
place could be found for these plants while at rest than on a dry shelf, and
close up to the roof in the warmest house, where the light will help to
Mature, the last made pseudobulbs. It is always advisable to examine
the plants occasionally, and clear every pseudobulb of the white and brown
scales which commonly infest them. At this season (March) the first
varieties mentioned have begun to grow, and the plants should be repotted
When the new growths are a few inches high, or immediately before new
toots appear, or these will probably be injured.

The compost used should be ofa firmer or more retentive nature than that

used for many other Orchids. After trying many different mixtures, I have
succeeded best when the soil has been as follows:—three parts good, fibrous
loam, the fourth part decayed leaf soil, with the addition of a moderate
quantity of broken crocks and sharp silver sand ; the whole being well mixed
together. Having provided the compost, it should be placed a few days
Prior to use in a suitable place to get warm, otherwise the pseudobulbs
May receive a check by potting directly into a cold compost.

The next operation is to select sound, clean pots, the sizes to vary ac-
cording to the discretion of the cultivator, his requirements, and the number

78 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

of pseudobulbs he intends placing in each. Where the house room is
limited, and a quantity of cut bloom is required, seven or eight inch pots
_ are most convenient, because if larger are used the soil is liable to become
sour through watering, and the roots will not take freely to it during the
whole summer. The number of plants in each pot should be governed by
the size of both pots and pseudobulbs. In seven inch pots place five or
‘six of moderate size; if larger, three or four. In six inch pots put the same
number of bulbs but of smaller size. If space is of little consequence it is an
advantage to grow them singly in pots, as during the growing season each
bulb can be treated separately, and when in bloom a better arrangement can
be made in order to display the spikes to perfection. The latter has been
my practice for many years, using five and six inch pots for the strongest
bulbs, and proportionately smaller ones for the others.

Without doubt the successful cultivation of Calanthes depends con-
siderably upon good drainage. The pots should be about half filled with
clean broken crocks, over which place a thin layer of good turfy loam, with
the grassy side downwards, or if preferable a layer of rough sphagnum moss
may be used; this will prevent the drainage from becoming clogged.

When ready for repotting, turn the plants out of the pots, and shake
them out of the old soil, cut off all roots of the previous year (which will be
dead), leaving about one inch attached to the pseudobulb, which will help
to keep the plant firmly fixed in the new compost. In filling the pots the
soil should be shaken down moderately firm within one inch of the top,
then placg the bulb on the surface and add a little soil, pressing it firmly,
so that the base of each bulb is covered about half an inch.

After potting, place the plants in the best position available in the East
Indian or hottest house, and keep them well up to the roof glass to prevent
the young growths from being drawn. I may mention that many gardeners
grow these Calanthes to perfection in cucumber houses, ordinary plant
Stoves, and warm vineries. Afford no water at the root for a month or six
weeks, merely occasionally damping the stage upon which they stand
until the growths show signs of advancement. As the young growths
strengthen and begin to unfold their leaves, a sprinkling may be given, but
it must be done with discretion, as the tender growths are liable to quickly ,
turn black if too much water be given at this period.

With careful attention the roots soon obtain a firm hold on the sides of
the pot, and then the amount of water should be gradually increased, and
when thoroughly rooted and growth is vigorous abundance of water is
necessary ; and an alternate watering with weak liquid cow-manure will
tend to promote strong, healthy growth. When the young growths are
seen pushing out quantities of new roots over the surface of the soil a top
dressing of good, fibrous loam will be very beneficial to them.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. — 19

Calanthes, when growing freely, enjoy alight position, but not too much
direct sunshine, and if during the growing season the young growths
become too crowded, the plants should be thinned out considerably, so that
they may obtain sufficient light to invigorate and solidify the bulbs, and to
counteract those diseases to which soft, sappy bulbs are liable.

Towards the end of the growing season, and just as the new pseudo-
bulbs begin to form, the leaves of these deciduous Calanthes are frequently
attacked with “spot,” which later on invariably affects the bulbs and flower
spikes. This disease is sometimes brought about, in the earlier stages of
growth, by over-abundance of water before the plants are firmly estab-
lished in the new potting material; by insufficient light; by too low
temperatures combined with a saturated atmosphere ; and also by incorrect
ventilation. I have no doubt that many failures have resulted from these
causes.

I know of one instance where a collection of these plants was
exceptionally well cultivated for many years, in what was known as an
East Indian house, and where numerous other species of Orchids were
staged and suspended, but the latter general collection of Orchids failed to
give satisfaction, from some cause. Various means were tried to attain
success, and eventually it was decided to alter the mode of ventilation,
which previously had been from the top only. This was changed, and air
was admitted by the lower sashes. The general collection of Orchids
improved considerably, but the alteration affected the Calanthes, and they
soon became spotted and unsightly, and failed to produce strong flowering
bulbs as formerly. I have also known the pseudobulbs and leaves of
Calanthes to become diseased and spotted through over-feeding with manure-
Water, and by chemically prepared plant foods. —

Towards the end of autumn, when the new pseudobulbs are fully grown,
and the flower spikes appear, the regular application of manure-water
should cease. The tips of the leaves will also commence to turn brown,
and as the foliage decays so should the amount of water be gradually
decreased, using no more than is necessary to keep the plants plump, and
to duly sustain the advancing flower spikes. By the time the flowers are
°pen water should be withheld altogether.

Calanthes may be readily increased by taking off the old back bulbs,
and inserting them thickly in pots filled with sphagnum moss, standing
them on a shelf close up to the glass, and sprinkling them overhead
°ecasionally with a fine syringe. They will soon commence to grow, but just
Previous to the young roots starting they may be repotted and treated as
advised for the older examples. If it is not necessary to increase the stock,
the old bulbs, from which last year’s growth was produced, may be left on
the Plant, because, so long as they retain their vitality, they will have great

80 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

influence in increasing the strength and size of the bulb formed during the
coming season.

Plants that are now bearing capsules should be constantly watched, and
immediately the pods appear to be bursting, a piece of tissue paper should
be tied around them to prevent loss of seed. When the seed is quite ripe
lay it on a dry shelf in the sun, and when the old plants have been repotted,
and have commenced to root, the seed should be sown upon the soil where
the greatest number of roots are. Until the seed germinates it should be
kept just moist, using a very fine sprayer for the purpose. When the
seedlings are up the plant may be suspended from the roof, and treated
similarly to the older examples, but they must not be disturbed until the
following spring. The best method, I have found, is to place several of these
young bulbs around the edge of the smallest sized pots, and to suspend
them well up to the roof glass of the house. They require assiduous care
as regards watering, &c., but with generous and skilful treatment will flower
in three or four years.

W. H. WHITE.
Burford.

AN AQUATIC ORCHID.
In the last number of Hooker’s Icones Plantarum a figure is given of a
remarkable aquatic Orchid. It is Habenaria repens, Nutt. (t. 2686), and is
described by Mr. Rolfe as follows :—

“A very distinct and widely diffused species, readily distinguished by
its submersed creeping stems, without tubers, and numerous long roots.
Dr. Rusby remarks that it is a characteristic water plant, and his specimen
has a dense mass of roots at the base of the flowering stem, and Jenman
records it as ‘aquatic in 40 foot trench.’ The upper part of the stem is
erect, and bears several aoa which gradually~ decrease in size up to the
inflorescence.”

It is aquatic or subaquatic, in marshes and ditches, and is found on the
coast-lands of the Caribbean Sea and round the Gulf of Mexico to Florida
and South Carolina, also in Cuba, Jamaica, British Guiana, the Lower
Orinoco, and Brazil. The flowers are green, and are borne in oblong spikes,
so that in this respect it resembles a good many others in the genus.

DIPLOCENTRUM CONGESTUM, Wight, is another remarkable Orchid of
which a figure is given (t. 2687). It is a native of South India, and is an
ally of Saccolabium, but differs in the possession of two spurs at the base
of the lip, in which respect it resembles the genus Satyrium. It recently
flowered in the Kew collection.

ian a ae eed

‘

# .

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 81

PAPHIOPEDILUM x BARON SCHRODER.
Our present figure represents the most interesting and beautiful
Paphiopedilum X Baron Schroder, a hybrid raised by Messrs. James
Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, from P. X cenanthum
superbum ¢?, and P. Fairrieanum ¢. It flowered for the first time in
November, 1896, and received a First-class Certificate from the Royal
Horticultural Society, on November 24th of that year. Our illustration
is reproduced from a photograph of one of Messrs. Veitch’s plants, taken;
and kindly sent, by Mr. H. J. Chapman, of Camberwell. As regards

Fic. 16. PAPHIOPEDILUM X BARON SCHRODER.

the general character of the flower the photograph may be left to speak for
itself, though it may be remarked that it combines much of the general
character and markings of the pollen parent, with the richer colour of the

mother plant. The dorsal sepal is heavily spotted with reddish-purple on a —

lighter ground, and the petals veined and suffused with similar colours’
and prettily spotted on the lower half. It isa hybrid of the third genera-
tion, and four species are concerned in its ancestry, its composition being,
P. Fairrieanum 4, P. insigne 4, and P. villosum and barbatum each 4.

~

82 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID NOMENCLATURE.

ANOTHER year (also century!) has gone, and yet this question remains
where it was; ever present and ever passed by, and getting even more
complex. The need of the Central Institution is greater than ever, and
this week has given an additional proof of it. On Feburary 12th,
Dendrobium xX Wiganianum (nobile x Hildebrandii) appears at the
R. H.S., and is given an Award of Merit. On the 16th I get my Orchid
Review, and on page 37 I meet my new friend as D. X Ellisii. Both
names have gone out to the world at large, and in next month’s Orchid
Review the report of the R. H. S. award will perforce be recorded. In
this way the Orchid Review will innocently aid and abet what it always
preaches against. This is a paradox that plainly shows the need of the
Central Institution, to which the advent of a new hybrid could be at once
reported and the name secured to one individual.

I do not for amoment think much of this plant having two names almost
simultaneously given, for some hybrid ‘‘Cyps.” (I will not write the other
end of the word as I might put the wrong one) have many more than /wo.

‘“ Argus,” in April, 1900 (O. R., p. 97), agreed “‘ to consider whether any
practical steps can be taken to bring it about.” This “it ” was the registra-
tion of new varieties, and it applies to hybrids in the same manner. oe

We have not had any result from his promise, and I suppose he is, like

me, waiting for support to try to do something to establish some means
whereby this crying evil can be remedied. Perhaps if he and I met we
might make a start together, and issue a circular, as Captain C. C. Hurst
has lately done in regard to his ‘“‘ Orchid Stud Book.”

The real obstacle in the way is that there is no Orchid Society pure and
simple. The R. H. S. cannot take up one branch of Horticulture and
specialise it as much as we Orchidists want, because all the other branches
(and all the twigs too) would immediately clamour for their special position.
Not that I consider they would all have equal claims upon it, but then I, of
course, am only a specialist in Orchids. poe

To establish the Orchid Society needs money to begin with, and there
are only too many people who will quietly jog along as they now do when
asked for a subscription, rather than do or give a little to help to eradicate
what will become, in time, worse than “ confusion confounded.”

If they could only see how much they would save in purchasing only
“ registered ” hybrids, they might be persuaded to be an original member of
what would become a most interesting and useful Society.

Many people think that it would mean a secession of Orchid grower
from the R. H. S., but I do not see that at all. There is ample room and

need for both Societies to prosper and work together. The R. H. 5- has

|

=

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 83

conceded to the wishes of the Orchid Committee in having paintings made
of the plants certified, which have now become a very valuable record in the
past four years, but then the Committee has paid half their cost to procure
records whereon to base their judgment for the future in their voluntary
- Jabours. No one can over-estimate the use of this proceeding, and a Society
which could afford to paint all new and worthy forms of species or new
hybrids, whether certified or not, would amass the grandest record of Orchids
ever got together. Individuals can doa great deal, but a Society can do
far more, when it is properly managed, and perfect records could then be
made. “ Argus ” once expressed a wish for a list of Odontoglossum crispum
varieties. Has any complete list ever been compiled that any grower could
purchase? No! And why not? How many hundreds of thousands of cris-
pums are there now in cultivation, and yet there is no complete authentic
information regarding them that he or I can consult to see if our newly
bloomed prodigy is like any of its predecessors. If there is any ‘“‘go” in
the Orchid growing fraternity, let us try to make a Central Institution, and
the sooner we begin the better, or this century will be where the last one is,
(before we or our great grandchildren have one)—gone !

De B. CRAWSHAY.

February 16th, 1got.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MARCH.

By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.
Now that the season of growth is rapidly advancing, the temperatures
should be all owed a rise of a few degrees in all departments. The following
figures will be a very good guide :—

Coot Housr.—Day, 60° ; night, 50° to 55°:

INTERMEDIATE HovusE.—Day, 65°; night, 55° to 60°.

East Inpian HousE.—Day, 70°; night, 60° to 65°.

The atmospheric conditions should quite naturally follow the temper-
atures, and gradually become more exciting and favourable to free
and healthy new growth. Damping down of the paths, stages, and walls
may now quite safely take place two or more times a day in accordance
with the amount of fire heat required. Still exercise great care mm the
Matter of ventilation. The cold winds at this season are very searching,
and rather than have the ventilators opened too wide it would be far safer
hot to open them at all unless the weather is mild.

The sun is now gaining a good deal of power, and during clear days will be
Sufficient to warm up the houses without the aid of fire heat. Sometimes,
however, the sun pops out unexpectedly when the pipes have already been
Warm enough to maintain the required temperature. In such a case the houses

84 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

may possibly get uncomfortably hot, but rather than put on much air it
would be far better for the plants to shade from the sun for a short period,
so that the moist and genial growing atmosphere may not be rapidly
winnowed away.

Watering should still be done most moderately until the repotting
season is over. Do not water-log or saturate your plants, for the increased |
moisture they require just now can be very properly given by slight surface
waterings, together with the extra moisture in the air. Do not, however,
raise excessive moisture by syringing the warm pipes, a most ruinous thing
to do.

- The summer shading should now be fixed in position. It may, and
should, not be required in general use for some few weeks to come, but it
should be ready if the occasion arises. One example of the usefulness of
timely shading is furnished above, and it may be added that for screening
newly potted plants from bright sunshine for a time afterwards prevents
undue shrivelling of the pseudobulbs and loss of foliage, and combined .
with keeping the surroundings moist gives a much better chance of their
becoming quickly re-established. The kind of material employed for
shading purposes is in my opinion of small moment so long as the effect is
produced. If possible, however, it is preferable to raise whatever is used
a tew inches from the glass. |

Lzlias of the anceps and autumnalis type that have been resting and
dry since blooming should now be repotted or top-dressed, as circumstances
require, for roots will commence to push forth. It isa bad practice to let
these—the white anceps class especially—grow up in the air and get too
leggy before being attended to by bringing the leads down to a level with
the compost. These straggling new growths can only push their new roots
in the air, and consequently are apt to get smaller and weaker each
succeeding year, especially if of a free-flowering variety. They should be
reconstructed about every second year so that the new roots can soon reach
the compost. The latter should be of peat and sphagnum moss in equal
parts with liberal drainage. Pot culture is quite as good as baskets. Lelia
majalis, the beautiful early summer flowering species, should always be
grown in either pans or baskets and suspended. It has now had a good;
long, dry rest, and will soon commence to push new growth. Still keep 0”
the dry side for a few weeks. It is rather a shy bloomer, and to be too wet
at this early date would only aggravate this undesirable trait. When the
new growths are pretty prominent, say about an inch long, and the
flower bud, if any is to appear, is safely formed within, a good watering
may be given, and the plants should be encouraged to grow rapidly and
strongly by a warm position in the Cattleya or East Indian house, until
the season of blooming is over.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 85

Thunias should now be repotted, which should be done a nnually with-
out fail. Use a mixture of ordinary plant potting soil, and pot firmly, then
place them in a very light sunny position in the Cattleya house, such as a
shelf or somewhere near the glass, and water sparingly for a time until new
roots are running freely. Under such treatment they bloom very freely.
In potting up, select four stems of uniform size and secure in the centre ofa
32 sized pot. This species is benefited by a little liquid cow manure water
when about half made up, or, as soon as the flower buds can be felt in the
newly forming stem.

Phaiuses are also terrestial growing Orchids, and generally very easy to
cultivate, ordinary potting soil, being a mixture of fibrous loam, peat, leaf
soil, and sharp sand, with an addition of small broken crocks to keep the
whole open and porous, is likewise very suitable for these. Unless over-
growing the rim of the pot, about every: other year is often enough to
tepot. Give a shallow drainage, and a good depth of soil, and do not
build up the surface above the rim as in most other cases, or the work
of watering is rendered very difficult. Pot moderately firm only, and take
. care that the roots are not bundled up all ina lump, but distributed about
the new pot as naturally as_ possible, working the fresh soil between
them. Water carefully fora time, and give them a shady position in
the Cattleya. house or the coldest moist one in the East Indian house

Habenarias, having been resting pretty dry on a shelf of the Intermedi-
ate or Warm house since autumn, and now denuded of foliage, will again be
pushing new growth from the apex of the tubers. The above soil should
be used for these. Turn them out of their pots, and clear off all old
soil, repotting them again in clean ones. The pots should be small, a
small 60 size being large enough for one tuber, and a large 60 for three.
Place one crock only at the bottom, as the tubers being so long require the
whole depth. To counteract this, mix small broken crocks more freely in
the soil for these species, so that the drainage may remain perfect. Let the
top of the tuber be on a level with the soil. Water of course very care-
fully until new growth is advanced, and give a position on a shelf in the
Warm house.

Aérides, Angreecums, Sacolabiums, and Vandas are species that require
shade and moisture, especially during the summer months, and are there-
fore suitable occupants of the stages in the East Indian house, whilst the
Toof is occupied by the Dendrobiums. These beautiful Old World Orchids
have throughout the winter been kept as dry and as cool as it is safe to
keep them. They cannot of course take the long droughts of pseudobulbous
Species, yet it is possible to keep them pretty dry with great advantage-
They are now freely pushing out rootlets, and these should henceforth be
kept rather freely supplied with water ; not so much direct to the pots or

86 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

cylinders in which they are secured, but to the surface thereof, and to the
roots that are’ rambling at their own free will. This is easily done with a
bucket of tepid soft water and-a rose nozzled syringe, once or twice a day
being sufficient. I do not mean that the plants should be deluged over
head so as to fill the top centres with water at this early date, or trouble
may ensue, but to the bottom leaves and roots much good results from the
practice. Any lowering or repotting necessary may now be performed:
filling up the pots with broken pots and charcoal to the rim, surfacing with
a layer of clean sphagnum moss. If the charcoal or pots are new they
should be soaked in water at least a day before using, so as to get thoroughly
saturated.

Phalznopsis are other East Indian growing species that are frequently
grown in baskets suspended from a shady roof, but can be wonderfully well
cultivated in pots or cylinders placed down on the stages. They require
€xactly similar treatment in every particular, both for winter and summer,
to thé previously named genera. They may easily be starved during
summer by an over dry, and sunny treatment—when every encouragement
in the opposite direction should be given—or overdone during winter with
too much heat and moisture, which then renders them tender, sappy, and
liable to spot and other diseases.

Any small growing Angrecums, like citratum and Sanderianum, are
best suspended, as they are apt to get overlooked on the stage. In addition
to the Dendrobiums, which should occupy the roof of this department
for the summer months, there are the following :—Catasetums, Mormodes,
Cycnoches, Coryanthes, Spathoglottis, and Aganisias, which all delight in
similar conditions, and are now, after a long and complete rest, commencing
to form new growths. They will now enjoy the moister conditions of this
house for a start, but must not yet on any account receive large supplies of
water at the roots, or the new growth, and probably the roots too, will rot.
If any of these require new baskets, peat and moss with broken crocks well
mixed and used up together is the best compost. Chysis is another genus
which requires the same treatment. They are now breaking into growth,
in which the flower buds are forming quite a prominent part, and will
rapidly come out now that they are receiving more moisture.

Those who grow the beautiful Dendrobium Falconeri must not 0?
any account grow it in the East Indian house; a shady position in the
Cattleya House is more to its liking. The flower buds will soon push, but

ot till then should it be removed from the Cool resting house.

Cleanliness is a great factor in good cultivation, and if scale, thrip, fly,
or red spider abound, the chances are ten to one that the Orchids are in *
sorry plight. Under good cultural conditions these pests are easily kept
under with a little timely attention.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 87

SOCIETIES.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

OrcHIDs were fairly well represented at the Society’s meeting at the Drill
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminister, on February 12th, and several
awards were made. The members of the Orchid Committee present were:—
H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. H. Ballantine, T. W. Bond,
H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, J. Douglas, E. Hill, C. J. Lucas, J. W. Odell,
J. W. Potter, F. A. Rehder, F. J. Thorne, H. A. Tracy, W. H. Young, and
J. O’Brien (hon. sec.).

G. Singer, Esq., Coundon Court, Coventry (gr. Mr. Collier), exhibited
_asmall group of very well grown Orchids, containing a very fine Phalaenopsis
Sanderiana, the beautiful Cypripedium x Muriel Hollington, C. x aureum
var. Surprise (x Sallieri Hyeanum X Spicerianum), a dark-coloured C. X
Godseffianum, C. xX Prewettii, and C. X Swinburnei magnificum. Awards
of Merit were given to C. x T. W. Bond, Coundon Court var. (x
Swanianum x hirsutissimum), a very fine form, and Odontoglossum X
loochristiense coundonense, a noble specimen beating seventeen fine flowers
and buds. It is noted on page 93-

‘Sir F. Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), exhibited
a fine rose-purple form of Phalaenopsis Sanderiana, and a hybrid Dendro-
bium, derived from D. Hildebrandii @ and D. nobile ¢.- It was called
D.’X Wiganianum and received an Award of Merit, but, being the reverse
cross of D. x Ellisii, described at page 37 Of our last issue, we should
Consider it a variety of that hybrid.

_jJ- Colman, Esq., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. Bound), showed Zygopetalum
Mackayi, a fine specimen with four spikes, and Angrecum hyaloides, a
small Madagascar species, which was awarded a Botanical Certificate.

H.T.Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), -_ two
Plants of Cypripedium X Pitcherianum Williams’ var., showing some
vatiation between the different flowers, and Eulophia pulchra, a Madagascar
Species, which received a Botanical Certificate.
_W. Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), staged
Cypripedium x Schlesingerianum var. “ Bassano,” a grand form. :

De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks, sent a handsome dar
5 of Odontoglossum Rosii, having the petals and lip tinged with rosy

G. F. Moore, Esq., Chardwar, Bourton-on-the- Water, (gr. Mr. Morris),
showed a grand form of Cattleya Percivaliana, with richly-coloured flowers ;
also flowers of the fine Cypripedium x Beekemanni.

Sir W. D. Pearson, Bart., M.P., Crawley (gr- Mr. Wadds), sent a good
form of Cattleya Trianz. .

88 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

J. Rutherford, Esq., Beardwood, Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), exhibited
two good varieties of Odontoglossum x Adriane.

Mr. T. Rochford, Turnford Hall Nurseries, Broxbourne, received a First-
class Certificate for Odontoglossum xX loochristiense Rochfordianum, a
grand form with bright yellow flowers, heavily blotched with chestnut
brown. The central area of the petals and lip was white with reddish spots.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, exhibited some good forms of Lalia
pumila, including the original L. p. prestans from the Lueddemann collec-
tion, and a beautiful white form called Queen Alexandra, having the front
of the lip coloured slate-blue and margined with white. The beautiful
Cypripedium callosum Sandere and a dark form of C. Boxallii were also sent.

~

Fic. 17. Lycaste SKINNERI ALBA.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Holloway, staged a small group including
Dendrobium x _ burfordiense, some hybrid Cypripediums, Lycaste lasio-
glossa, and some good forms of L. Skinneri, including a very beautiful
L.S. alba (Fig. 17 represents this varieiy, though from another source).

| Messrs. H. Low & Co. Bush Hill Park, sent Cypripedium callosum
siganteum, and a pretty form of Cattleya Trianez, with slate-blue colouring
on the front of the lip.

Messrs, Heath & Son, Cheltenham, showed a small group of hybrid
Cypripediums, together with Oncidium maculatum, and some good forms
of Lelia Jongheana.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 89

At the meeting on February 26th, there was an extremely fine display of
Orchids, doubtless partly owing to the mildness of the weather. The
members of the Orchid Committee present were:—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in
the chair, and Messrs. H. Ballantine, T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman,
J. Colman, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas, E. Hill, H. Little, J. W. Odell,
H.T. Pitt, H. M. Pollett, F. A. Rehder, F. Sander, W. Thompson, F. J.
Thorne, H. A. Tracy, W. H. Young, and J. O’Brien (hon. sec.).

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), staged a
fine group, to which a Silver-gilt Flora Medal was awarded. Hybrid Den-
drobiums were conspicuous, and included D. X Juno, D. X xanthocentrum,
Mem Luna, D. x melanodiscus, D. X pallens, D. x The Pearl, &c. We
noted also Phalzenopsis Stuartiana aurea, P. S. punctatissima, P. X leucor-
thoda, Dendrobium nobile burfordiensé, with labelloid lateral sepals, Bulbo-
phyllum Dayanum, Cypripedium X hirsuto-Sallieri, Odontoglossum X
excellens,and a good form of O. x Adriane. Sophronitis grandiflora
Rossiteriana, a fine yellow form with four flowers, received a First-class
Certificate, and D. x Rubens grandiflorum an Award of Merit.

The Right-Hon. Lord Aldenham (gr. Mr. Beckett), showed a group of
eight splendid specimens of Ccelogyne cristata, covered with fine flower
spikes, for which he received a Cultural Commendation. They included
var. Lemoniana and the Chatsworth var., and being set up with good plants
of Thyrsacanthus rutilans, showed off to great advantage.

J. Colman, Esq., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. Bound), staged a fine group, to

which a Silver Flora Medal was awarded. It contained some good forms
of Dendrobium nobile, including D. n. Cooksoni, D. n. nobilius; D. X-
cheltenhamense, D. aureum, Lycaste costata, Epiphronitis X Veitchii,
Cymbidium eburneum, Zygopetalum Mackayi, and some varieties of Lelia
anceps. ; :
J- Rutherford, Esq.; MiPs, Beardwocd, Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton),
showed a nice group, which was awarded a Silver Flora Medal. The
gfoup contained some good Odontoglossum crispum, including O. ©.
decorum, and other varieties ; some fine forms of Cattleya Trianz, including
€.T. eximia; Cochlioda Noetzliana, aud a well-grown example of Lelio-
tattleya x Admiral Dewey... ;

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court (gr. Mr. Duncan), exhibited several
Plants of the handsome Lelio-cattleya X warnhamiensis (C. Triane xX L.
innabarina), for which he was awarded a First-class Certificate.

Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gt- Mr. Chapman), oper vs Pind
sie form of Cypripedium villosum, a handsome Cattleya Trane, a fine
Spike of Cymbidium Lowianum, and Odontoglossum xX Adrian Mrs:
Robert Benson. The latter, a large, cream white, finely spotted variety,
"celved an Award of Merit.

go THE ORCHID REVIEW,

J. S. Moss, Esq., Wintershill, Bishop’s Waltham, showed a fine variety
of Lelia Jongheana and Odontoglossum X Coradinei Mrs. De B. Craw-
shay. The latter, a very fine form, received an Award of Merit.

The Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Park, Tring (gr. Mr. Hill),
exhibited Lzlio-cattleya x intermedio-flava, a richly coloured form of
Schomburgkia undulata and a fine five-branched spike of Phalzenopsis Aphro-
dite, with twenty-four very large flowers. The latter received a Cultural
Commendation.

-F. W. Moore, Esq., Glasnevin, Dublin, sent the curious Ccelogyne
sulphurea, with tawny-yellow flowers, which received a Botanical Certificate.

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Bank House, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), sent a
spike of a fine form of Cymbidium grandiflorum (Hookerianum.)

J. T. Bennett-Poé, Esq., Holmewood, Cheshunt (gr. Mr. Downes),
exhibited Cypripedium xX Getano, allied to C. x Pitcherianum.

J. G. Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, South Woodford (gr. Mr. Davis),
showed Cypripedium x Miss Louisa Fowler (Chamberlainianum X
insigne Chantini) and a rich form of Cochlioda Noetzliana.

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond), showed Cattleya X
Zephyra (Schroedere X Dowiana aurea), a pretty blush-pink flower, with
some yellow veining on the lip. ;

E. de Q. Quincey, Esq., Chistlehurst (gr. Mr. Lees), sent a hybrid
Cypripedium.

Sir F. Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), showed
some spikes of Phaius simulans, Rolfe.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a superb group, which
received a Silver-gilt Flora Medal. It contained a fine series of hybrids,
conspicuous among them being Dendrobium x Ainsworthii intertextum, D.
x A. splendidissimum, D. X euosmum virginale, D x Socius, some good
D. X Wiganiz, D. x Schneiderianum, the handsome Lzlio-cattleya *
Dominiana longleyensis, L.-c. x Myra, the handsome L.-c. X Coronis,.
L.-c. X Pallas, some good L.-c. x callistoglossa, Cattleya X Empress
Frederick, Lelia x Mrs. M. Gratrix, Sophrolelia x leta, some good
examples of Epidendrum x Clarissa, E. x O’Brienianum, Phaius amabilis-
Phalenopsis X Hebe, P .x Mrs. J. H. Veitch, and P. rosea leucaspis”
The Cypripedium group was also represented by a fine series of hybrid
forms.

Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, stayed a fine group of Dendrobiums, which
received a Silver Flora Medal. It contained good forms of D. nobile,
including D. n. nobilius, D. Ainsworthii splendidissum, and other
forms, D. X atroviolaceum, D. x Kenneth, D. x Burberryanum, D. x
Virgil, and D. barbatulum.

_ Messrs. Le Breton and Warpur, care of Mr. J. Weathers, Silverhall

THE ORCHID REVIEW. gt

Nursery, Isleworth, showed the true Phaius tuberculosus (Warpuri), which
they have recently introduced.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, exhibited a handsome hybrid
Zygopetalum and a natural hybrid Odontoglossum.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

CATTLEYA TRIAN® is one of most beautiful Orchids now flowering in our
collections, and fortunate are they who are outside the fog area, for they
alone see the plant at .its best. Round London, for example,. one rarely
sees the plant in perfection, and during the present season, when fogs have
not been prevalent, we have seen quite a number of flowers all of which
had the sepals more or less damaged towards the apex. The petals and lip
were perfect, and the reason is that they are inside until the flower opens,
and thus are protected from the action of the deleterious gases which
abound in the neighbourhood of large towns and manufacturing districts at
this season, while the sepals are exposed to their influence from the nioment
they excape from the sheath. The results we are all too familiar with, and it
is a pleasure to see a good collection of these plants flowering in the pure
air, with the flowers perfect throughout. It is marvellous how great is the
amount of variation seen in a good collection.

Four very beautiful flowers are sent from the collection of F. G. Scott,
Esq., Preston, North Shields, by Mr. Knight. One very fine flower has
deep blush pink sepals and petals of perfect shape, and a much expanded,
very richly coloured lip, with the usual deep yellow throat. A second is
smaller, with the lip about typical, but the inner halves of the lateral sepals
are deep yellow like the throat of the lip and somewhat infolded at the
Margin. This is the character of the variety Vanneriana. A third distinct
form has the sepals unusually broad, and, with the petals, deep blush pink,
and the lip rich purple crimson, with the disc entirely veined with white
and purple, and the yellow suppressed. A fourth is blush white, with a
small area at the apex of the lip purple, and the side lobes suffused with
pink,

Three good, richly coloured forms are also sent from the collection of
Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno, the finest being from a plant
bearing eleven flowers. Mr. Broome remarks that there is nothing special
inthe treatment given, though they show the effect of the pure air and
Sunshine of the district; also that for high winds, cold, and snow this
winter has been the most unfavourable he has experienced during the ten
of his sojourn there.

The most remarkable form comes from the collection of Messrs. Hugh
Low & Co., Bush Hill Park. The lip is very broad and expanded, and the

92 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

disc and throath is entirely veined with yellow and white, while in front of
this is a rich crimson area, with a lilac margin. The sepals and petals are
broad, perfect in shape, and deep pink blush in colour. It came out of an
importation of C. Trianz, and is evidently a form of it, though the veining
is remarkable, and the whole flower is very beautiful.

A very good form from the collection of J. W. Arkle, Esq., Holly
Mount, West Derby, has the lip very richly coloured, with the yellow in the
throat very much reduced, and the petals veined with purple near the apex.
It may be referred to C. T.:Backhousiana. A second form is very large,
having the petals slightly over three inches broad, and the shape very good,
with the colour about typical. __

Two light-coloured forms are sent by Capt. C. C. Hurst, Burbage
Grove, Hinckley, one of which has the petals and lip much elongated, the
latter reaching 3} inches long. Three good forms of Paphiopedilum X
Hera are also sent. The variety Hurstii isa richly coloured form which
has been figured in the Dict. Icon. des Orch.

Some splendidly grown flowers of Lycaste Skinneri are sent from the
collection of Joseph Broome, Esq., which show how effective the species is
when thus grown. A flower of Lzlio-cattleya x Gravesiz shows. the
peculiarity of having the dorsal sepal united to the back of the column.
The other flower on the spike is deformed in a similar way. A raceme of
the rare and pretty little Odontoglossum crinitum is also worthy of mention.

A good, heavily-marked flower of Odontoglossum Rossii rubescens is
sent from the collection of R. G. Thwaites, Esq-, of Streatham, also a
flower of the charming hybrid Denbrobium x Kenneth, with a small, deep
maroon, feathered blotch on the lip.

BARON HRUBY’S COLLECTION OF ORCHIDS. ~

THE Gardeners’ Chronicle for February 2nd _ contains the following
(page 78) :—‘‘ We learn that the Baron is parting with his wel known
collection of Orchids owing to the difficul:y he unfortunately experi-nced in
obtaining the services of skillei cultivators; and through the good offices of
the Lord High Steward, His Serene Highness Fiirst von Montenvovo, the
¢ llection will pass by purchase into the possession of H. I. M. Kaiser Franz
Joseph, an! b2 united to the collection already existi g at Schonbrunn’
which with this addition, will number 1,400 examples, being one of the most
extensive on the continent. The Schonbrunn collection of hybrid orchids
will shortly be enriched by an i nmense number of hybrids in great variety,
which have already excited the interest of hybridists in England and
Belgium.”

pi idk ile ai a a ie eS
a

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 93

THE HYBRIDIST.

DENDROBIUM X MANTINII.—This is said to be the first hybrid Dendrobium
raised in France, andit isa very interesting one. Its parents are said to have
been D. nobile and D. fimbriatum oculatum, and its raiser M. G. Mantin,
Chateau de Bel Air, near Paris. In general character it most resembles D.
nobile, except that the lip is more open and acuminate, and the ground colour
of the segments is not white, but suffused with yellow at the base and along
the middle nerve, while at the apex they are blotched with purple. We
hope to see a flower on some future occasion, for we believe that D.
fimbriatum oculatum has generally been considered a rather intractable
plant by hybridists.—Le Jardin, 1900, p. 7.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X BARrBEY#.—About ten years ago M. Jolibois, of
Paris, raised a hybrid between Paphiopedilum Lawrenceanum ? and P.
tonsum ¢. The reverse cross has now flowered, in the collection of O.
0. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, in this case P. Lawrenceanum
atrorubens being the pollen parent. The flower sent is thoroughly inter-
mediate, the petals being nearly horizontal, though most like P. tonsum in
shape, colour, and markings, and having also a few marginal warts and a
distinct ciliation. The dorsal sepal shows much of the influence of the
pollen parent, both in shape and colour, while the other parts are inter-
mediate in character. It shows unmistakable evidence of its origin, and is
likely to be a vigorous growing plant.

PHRAGMIPEDILUM X SUAVE.—We have now a hybrid from Phragmi-
pedilum Klotzschianum. At the Royal Horticultural Society’s Meeting on
February 26th, a plant was exhibited by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, of
Chelsea, which had been obtained from P. x Sedeni candidulum ¢ and P.
Klotzschianum 3. It showed the usual intermediate characters, with an
4pproach to the seed bearer in the details of the flower.

SDONTOGLOSSUM x LOOCHRISTIENSE COUNDONENSE.

A FLoweEr of the beautifal Odontoglossum X loochristiense coundonense,
to Which an Award of Merit was given by the R. H. S. on February 12th,
Ssent from the collection of G. Singer, Esq., Coundon Court, Coventry
through Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. It measures upwards of 42 inches.
“Oss its broadest diameter, and the segments are beautifully blotched
nb light brown on a light yellow ground. The spikes are equally fine,
being nearly four feet long and bearing seventeen flowers. Mr. Singer
nates that it flowered out of a batch of fifty imported Odontoglossum
“ispums obtained from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., and has not previously
red. It is asplendid example of good culture. It had been suggested

94 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

that such strong spikes would be more frequently seen if the plants were not
allowed to bloom every year, and we quite agree that it is good policy not
to let weak plants exhaust themselves by over-flowering.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during March, on the 12th and 26th
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12
o’clock noon.

On the latter date a lecture will be given at 3 o’clock p.m., by Mr. W.
H. White, Orchid grower to Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Vorking,
on “Inconspicuous and Rarely Cultivated Orchids,” a subject for which he
should find plenty of illustrations in the rich and varied collection under
his charge.

Meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will _

be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on March 7th and 21st. The
Committee meets at noon and the exhibits are open to inspection from
1 o'clock until 3 p.m.

HOoNnovurR For Mr. G. Crispin.—At the annual meeting of the incorporated
Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, held on Tuesday last at the
Holborn Restaurant, London, Mr. George Crispin, of the firm of Messrs.
James Crispin, F.R.H.S., and Sons, Horticultural Engineers, of Bristol,
was unanimously elected to the vacant seat on tke council of the society.
The council is composed of the most eminent heating and ventilating
specialists in the United Kingdom, and Mr. Crispin is to be congratulated
on such an honour.

We regret to hear of the death, on February 7th last, of Mrs. James
Cypher, the wife of M1. James Cypher, the well-known Nurseryman and
‘Orchidist, of Cheltenham, aged 72 years. The funeral took place on
February r1th.

A remarkable specimen of Barkeria Lindleyana has just flowered in the
collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking. It produced
no less than twenty spikes, with an aggregate of over 200 flowers, and these,
after having been out for upwards of two months, the last fortnight of
which they had been cut, and used for decorative purposes, were sent to
give some idea of what the plant has been like. Even after this they
remained upwards of another week without much deterioration in theit
beauty. The spikes form quite a small boquet, and the effect under artificia
light is most brilliant. Mr. White must be congratulated cn his success
with this beautitul plant.

OE ieee = aa ae
oN PRE Se ee ge

THE ORCHID REVIEW 95

A fine inflorescence of the graceful and beautiful Dendrobium Fytch-
janum is sent from the same collection. It bears thirty of its charming
white flowers, and one can imagine the effect produced by a group of plants
suspended from the roof and flowering in profusion, as now seen at Burford.

An inflorescence of Dendrobium x Cordelia bearing the somewhat
unusual number of five flowers. is also sent, and like the preceding examples
it shows the effect produced by good culture.

A very richly coloured form of Dendrobium nobile is sent from the collec-
tion of F. M. Burton, Esq., Highfield, Gainsborough. It is not quite
identical with any named form we are familiar with, but comes in some-
where between the type and the variety nobilius.

A very good form of Paphiopedilum xX Crossianum is also sent from the
same collection, which differs from the type in its richer colour, and
numerous purple spots on the petals. Several fairly typical forms also
flowered out of the same batch of seedlings.

Several fine flowers of Dendrobium Wardianum are sent from the
collection of F. G. Scott, Esq., Preston, North Shields, by Mr. Knight,
which show what this beautiful species is capable of when well grown. -

Respecting the culture of the beautiful Phaius simulans, we have heard
from two different sources that the plant has been found to succeed best in
an intermediate temperature. With too much heat the plants are said to
dwindle away.

A plant of Paphiopedilum Appletonianum has flowered in the collection
of G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., among imported plants of P. callosum.
It is now well-known that the two species grow together.

A very pretty form of Dendrobium x Ainsworthii is also sent from the
same collection, which has the sepals and petals prettily tinged with blush
Pink, and the blotch on the lip proportionately very large.

LYCASTE x JANET.

The Lycaste which you did me the honour to name after me (Skinner! X
Rossianum) has bloomed profusely. We have twelve pots, all strong
Plants, out of one seed pod. Two have rose coloured sepals and petals with
light yellow lip; three are canary yellow with dark yellow lip and a few
Sarkish spots on the sepals near the lip; and two are apple green fading
mto yellow, with a yellow lip. The others have not yet bloomed.
Florence. Janet Ross.

96 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CALANTHE X GIGAS.—Journ. Hort., 1900, xlii. p. 129, with fig.

CATTLEYA X LaNSBERGEI.—Lindenia, t. 725. This is a form of C. x
Fabia. ;

Cuysis La&vis, Lindl.—Lindenia, t. 726.

CG:LOGYNE CRISTATA (specimen plant).—Journ. Hort., 1900, xlii, pp.
149, 151, with fig.

CYNORCHIS PURPURASCENS, Thouars.—Gard. Chron., 1900, xxix, pp. 86,
87, fig. 37.

CYPRIPEDIUM X H. HANNINGTON.—Garden, 1900, lix, p- 107, with fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM X LANSBERGE#.—Lindenia, t. 727.

CYPRIPEDIUM X T. W. Bonp, Counpon Court VAR.—Gard. Chron.,
1900, XXIx,, pp. 114, 127, fig. 51; Journ. Hort., 1900, xlii, p. 169, with fig.

DENDROBIUM ASHWORTHI&.—Gard. Chron., 1900, xxix, p. &6, fig. 36.

L&LIA ANCEPS SCHRG:DERIANA.—Gard. Chron., 1900, xxix, pp. 87, 94,
fig. 39.

L#LIA GRANDIS TENEBROSA.—Rev. Hort., 1900, p. 68, with plate.

_ ODONTOGLOSSUM X LOOCHRISTIENSE ROCHFORDIANUM.—Journ. Hort.,
1900, xlii, p. 149, with fig.

ODONTOGLOSSUM NEVADENSE ROSEFIELDENSE.—Journ. Hort., 1900, xlii,
Pp. 109, with fig.; Gard. Mag., 1900, p. 97, with fig.

PHAIUS TUBERCULOSUS, Blume.—Garden, 1900, lix, Pp: 97, with fig.

SCHOMBURGKIA HumBLoti, Rchb. f.—Lindenia, t. 728.

poe EN ee
CORRESPONDENCE. &c.

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in some
cases, for various reasons, they may have to stand over jor a future issue. In the case of hybrid seedlings
sent for name, the parentage and history should always be briefly stated, for without these details we
are not always able to deal with them satisfaétori Ly.)

. eT Dendrobium sent as Winn’s seedling we take to be a small form of D- x
Rubens, but not at present at all equal to the original one. The flower is, as it should be,
about three-fourths D. nobile.

H. G. A. Lycaste lasioglossa.

J. W. A. Leelia crispilabia.

__E. R. We have succeeded in finding a description of Cypripidium insigne Dorothy, and
with that your flower agrees fairly well, except in being rather smaller, which, however,
may arise from the plant being weak. You do not Say at which sale it was purchased,
but this might afford a clue as to whether it was authentic.

_J. R. Box duly received, with leaf and portion of peduncle, but the flowers were
missing —evidently “appropriated” during transit.

M. O. S. Report not yet to hand.

Photographs received, with thanks. 0. O. Wi, Bi be GPA:

Received. E. F.C. W. H. Way Jey WR,

We have received the descriptive Catalogue of Orchids issued by Messrs. Charles-
worth and Co., Heaton, Bradford, for the present year, containing particulars of a large
selection of Species and hybrids.

. Also the General. Catalogue of Orchids issued by Mr. A. J. Keeling, Cottingley,
Bingley, Yorks, containing a selection of the more popular kinds.

STANLEY, ASHTON & Go.,
SOUTHGATE, LONDON. N.,

(RE importing the FINEST ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Colombia produces,

and guarantee all their plants.

All buyers of the true “Native Pacho” should write; they are promised

fullest satisfaction in advance.

Messrs. CHARLESWORTH & Co.,

Orchid Growers and Importers,
--«@ - - HEATON, BRADFORD, YORKS.,

AVE posted their new Descriptive Catalogue for 1go1 to all
their customers and friends. Should it not have been received,
another copy will be sent on application.

All amateurs should see this important catalogue.

Orchids! Orchids!

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JOHN COWAN & CO.

HAVE AN IMMENSE STOCK OF ORCHIDS
Tens of Thousands of HEALTHY, VIGOROUS, WELL-GROWN PLANTS,

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rtations of Orchids from various parts
Private Treaty as they come to hand,

o oe Company are constantly receiving Impo
ive orld, all of which they Offer for Sale by
TY reasonable Prices.

Pe Descriptive and Priced Cataiogues of their Stock of Established Orchids, id oe as of
"Portation as it comes to hand, will be sent Post Free on application to ihe COMPUT

Sateacre Nurseries, Gateacre, near Liverpool.

MURRAY'S PATENT
ORCHID STAND.

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Price List containing full information
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system of personally Giving Ad-
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One gentleman says: “I consider
your visit has been worth £100 to me.’

All desirous of having the benefit
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H. A. B. attends Orchid Sales,
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ADDRESS : Ethel House,
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ORCHIDS.

WE are continually receiving large im-
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Brazilian and other Orchids,

and will be po to quote, reer for large
mall quantiti

Spagnum Moss, b; Moss, best quality, at 5/- per Sack.

HOOLEY BROS.
$mporters & Grow
BITTERNE ponent ,SOU eee agi TON.

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Paris: 65, FAuBouRG PoIssoNNIERE.

NEW ORCHIDS.

Phaius Warpuri, in = eliest as ee most vier
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Pb oun to 12 ulosus a corey. well-known species
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Galanthe ag — on

and ©
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_ Grammotophyllum Ellisi, Enlophia scripta,
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purpurascens, 10s. 6d. to 21s. each.

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and Valuer,

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uy CHOICE DENDROBES A SPECIALITY.
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ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS !!

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ror. 1X.] APRIL, 1901. (No. 100,

ORCHID REVIEW:

DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY.

Contents.
PAGE | PAGE
Calendar of Operations for April SE cea sain leaves ee at the
Correspondence, &c. ... “ “si t28 tips ~~ FOG
Dendrobiums from Cheltenham ... 107. | Orchid omendlavere ive ie Pee ee
Yendrobiums, culture of a ... 107 | Orchid Portraits ie a. ve? LZ gee
: ium X Venus ... aes soe, OM rchids in on aes 125
Dies Orchidianze iis ie es OF 1 Orchads, inconspicuous and rarely
Hybridist Si V te cultivated ... oe oe TRE
Epicattleya. x Orpetii ie ... 114 | Orchids, raising from seed oe TIO
Hybrids, fertility of... ee So BOS ee Appletonianum (Fig: rt
“ycastes, natural hybrid ase 99 « SAE
_ Lycaste Deppei punctatissima <0 £00 Paphiopedum callostitt (Fig. 20 0) , ite of
_ Lycaste x hybrida oe oe ae hiopedilum X= Lathamianu m (F 8 oe
Lycaste x Lucianiana... «ss TOR mS
= Smeeana vas ae og i x siamense (Fig. 19) «+ ae 2
ycaste X sulphurea ce ay | Societies
“cea serurdlia fee sce oe a Manchester and North of England
126 Orch .
Cun crispum 1 "Franz Masereel Royal Horticultural aang see ARO
ek oe,

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y eee
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I sEE that Mr. Crawshay, at page 82, again raises the question of forming
an Orchid Society, apparently in the hopes of putting a stop to the growing

confusion in nomenclature. Thus the idea appears in a somewhat novel
: form. The formation of an Orchid Society has been suggested on several
a occasions, and would probably have been established long ago had it not
been felt that such a movement would clash with the interests of the Royal
iE Horticultural Society. I believe that the formation of an Orchid Com-
ce mittee by this Society, in 1889, was really an attempt to compromise the
5 two sets of ideas, and on the whole the arrangement has worked well.
_ Mr. Crawshay’s idea, however, seems to be something quite different. It is,
: 0 make a sort of Central Institution for the registration of novelties,
_ Whether varieties or hybrids, and where I suppose paintings, drawings, or
" photographs would be made and preserved, and perhaps the flowers also
; dried for future reference, by the Secretary, Curator, or Librarian, or
_ whatever the presiding genius of the Institution might be called. Of course,
4set of rules would be drawn up, to which everybody would conform—if
_ they liked, just as they do at present.

___ Mr. Crawshay reminds me that I once promised to consider whether
Some steps could not be taken to effect the registration of novelties, but the
_ Promise has hitherto been without result. Well, the simple fact is, that at
_ Present the difficulties seem insuperable, and I am not very hopeful of the

Present proposal. The confusion complained of is not by any means con-
_ fined to unregistered varieties and hybrids, and existing rules would prevent

Most of it if they were properly enforced. If a new society were organized
_ to look after the latter point, something possibly might result.

é 5

98 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Mr. Crawshay alludes to a wish for a list of Odontoglossum crispum
varieties, and asks, ‘‘Has any complete list. ever been compiled that any
grower could purchase, so that he might consult it to see if his newly-
bloomed prodigy is like any of its predecessors ?”’ But there happens to be
such a list of Cattleya Triane varieties (Orch. Rev. iii., pp. 114-119), and
will Mr, Crawshay tell us how many ‘‘new” varieties have since been
recorded, and how they differ from pre-existing ones? Whether a list of
O. crispum varieties would be more effective in preventing confusion is
problematical, but in any case I thought Mr. Crawshay himself was to give
us such a list. Perhaps it grows faster than he can keep pace with.
Does not every meeting add to the number? And then of course one has
to point out how they all differ from their predecessors, which naturally
takes time, and might even tax the powers of a Central Institution.

By the way, it never seems to occur to anybody to stop making new
varieties until we have found out what the old ones are like. I commend
the point to the makers of new varieties, for a little research among the
literature of existing varieties might throw a quite unexpected light. upon
the question.

Last month I had occasion to mention the “natural hybrid’’ Phaius.
Now I see a statement at page 72 that Phaius tuberculosus is not a natural
hybrid at all. I-suppose our hybridists will now get to work and give us

their views on the matter. It is just as well that the question should be _

settled once for all.

It is rather interesting to find that we have an aquatic Orchid: (see
page 80), and it would be a very interesting addition to a collection of
Botanical Orchids if someone could succeed in introducirg it. No doubt it
would succeed in a warm tank, and would be something of a novelty at all
events.

\

Speaking of Botanical Orchids reminds me of Mr. White’s paper on
“‘Inconspicuous and rarely-cultivated Orchids,” which was read for the
author by Sir Trevor Lawrence at the last meeting of the R.H.S. Mr.
White is well qualified to deal with the question, for in the collection under
his care such plants receive special attention. No one has done more to
popularise this somewhat neglected class than Sir Trevor Lawrence, whose
exhibits at the Temple Show, and the various meetings at the Drill Hall,

. invariably attract a great deal of attention, and on the present occasion the
subject was illustrated by a series of over twenty most interesting little
plants, many of which are cae ate rare in private art sees

—_—

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 99

A good many interesting facts were alluded to in the paper, one of which
was the extreme beauty of many of these apparently insignificant plants
when seen through a lens. I think it was Reichenbach who once remarked
that an Orchidist should be armed with a large lens ; and a drawing by Mr.
Macfarlane of the remarkable Pleurothallis ornatus, magnified eight times,
which was shown by Sir Trevor, served to emphasise the remark. The
construction and mechanical arrangements which serve to secure the cross-
fertilisation of the flowers by insects were also alluded to.

Allusion was also made to the zeal and enterprise of the collectors by
which so many of these species had been introduced, and under this
heading I believe that.a great deal might be said, as also of the numerous
curiosities which have been accidentally introduced with their more showy
brethren.

The paper will no doubt be published in full in the Society’s Journal,
and I can only hope that it will help to popularise these interesting little
_ plants, which certainly deserve ‘‘some little care, some little attention, and

- Some little consideration.”’ 3 ARGUS.

NATURAL HYBRID LYCASTES.

THE appearance of a remarkable Lycaste in an-importation of L. Skinneri
made by M. Florent Claes, of Brussels, again calls attention to the occur-
tence of natural hybrids in the genus, and furnishes an opportunity for an
outline of our present knowledge of the subject.

Lycastge x SULPHUREA (Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1882, Xvi., p. 218), is
the earliest natural hybrid Lycaste that I have discovered, and was described
as follows :— This has a smaller flower than a good Lycaste cruenta. The
sepals are more acute; the superior sepal ligulate acute, the side ones
oblong, markedly acute, all pallid sulphur coloured, with very small red
blotches inside ; petals oblong, apiculate, light sulphur coloured, with a few
brownish purple spots, and a large, dark purple blotch at the base. Lip
Pallid sulphur, purple between the side laciniz internally ; callus and angles
of the side lacinie inside deeper yellow, nearly orange; column much like
that of L, cruenta, plump, short, broad at the base, light sulphur, deep
brown purple at the base, with brown purple spots above. There are not
“OtMany hairs at the base as in L. cruenta. I suppose this to be a cross
etween Lycaste Deppei and cruenta. Curiously enough, it appeared
v“atly at the same time with Mr. Williams’ L. Deppei punctatissima. I
have obtained what I have seen of this plant from Mr. W. Bull.” I have not
**en this plant and‘should like to know if it is still in existence.

100 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The Lycaste Deppei punctatissima, mentioned in the preceding para—
graph, had just been described as a new variety (Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron.,.
1881, xvi., p. 717), the author remarking :—‘‘ This is one of the recent
Guatemalese introductions of Mr. B. S.-Williams, who kindly sent me two
flowers. Sepals and petals whitish green, covered with innumerable purple
spots. The lip is yellow, with radiating dark purple lines on the side
laciniz and five similar blotches on the middle laciniz. It has all the
features, colour excepted, of the Mexican Lycaste Deppei, even the most
remarkable one of a strong keel running from the lobed flat callus down to:
the base of the lip.” The idea of its being a natural hybrid does not appear
to have suggested itself, but the plant has since been figured (Orch. Alb., vi.,
t. 262), and I am convinced that it originated by.the intercrossing of L.
Deppeiand L. Skinneri, for it is unmistakably intermediate between them,.
and the dense rosy spotting we now know to be characteristic of this
hybrid.

Curiously enough a hybrid ha@ already been raised artificially between
these two species, though Reichenbach made no allusion to the fact, and,
indeed, may have overlooked the record, which is 2s follows :-—

Hyprip LycasTe.—We have hadflowers of a hybrid Lycaste placed in
our hands by Mr. W. Marshall, whose name is familiar amongst Orchid
growers. The plant was raised some nine or ten years since, between L.
Skinneri and L. Deppei, and is, we believe, the second which has as yet
been flowered. The three large sepals, of which the upper is erect and the
lateral ones spreading, are of a creamy hue with a faint tinge of green, and.
are thickly dotted with purple on the lower half. The two erect petals are
large and of nearly the same colour as the sepals. The lip is yellow, densely
spotted with erimson on the lower half, pure yellow on the recurved front
lobe, and with a tongue-shaped orange fold lying on the disc, and projecting
as far as the base of the front lobe, while the side lobes turn up to meet
the column, the latter being about halfas long as the petals, yellow, intensely
sanguineous at the base. The breadth of the flower across the expanded
lateral sepals is five inches. It is a very interesting production, but is not
regarded by its raiser as sufficiently attractive to be of any great value as 4
cultivated Orchid.”—Gard. Chrom., 1878, x., p. 535.

This plant was subsequently called Lycaste x hybrida (Veitch Man.
Orch., ix., p. 97), and to it may be referred both L. Deppei punctatissima
and the plant which has just flowered with M. FI. Claes, at Brussels. The
latter has a flower rather over 4 inches across, with sepals over an inch
broad, suffused with light rosy purple, and spotted near the base on a white
ground. The petals have the spots more in lines and brighter in colour,
while the lip is nearly white, blotched with purple-crimson on the front
lobe, striped with crimson on the side lobes, thus showing characters

Ne Sheen cca ge rat 6S ae Sc ec

THE ORCHID REVIEW 10%

_ derived from each parent in addition to the generally intermediate character.
This plant may now be added to the list of natural hybrids whose parentage
‘has been proved.

L. SMEEANA, is a very puzzling plant, which was described in 1883
(Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1883, xx., p- 198), as follows:—‘“ This is
undoubtedly a very interesting plant. It has the bract of Lycaste Deppe!
‘and nearly the shape of its flower, though it is wider, but the colour is
white, excepting the lip, which has a light purple border of the triangular
acute undulate anterior lacinia, rows of small purple stripes, and spots over
the whole surface. The callus is nearly as in L. Deppei, having a very short
free portion, not a long one asin L. Skinneri, and an obscure keel in its
‘middle. The petals, too, have on the inside some purple spots. The
‘Column is white, with some purple spots at the base. Those who know L.
Deppei and L. Skinneri will suggest its being intermediate between them.
The bulb and growth are described as being in the way of L. Deppei, while
the column, the shape, and the petals, the sepals, and lip remind one of L.
Skinneri and L. Deppei. I rementber well L. Deppei punctatissima sent
by Mr. Williams in October, 1881. It has the genuine lip and sepals and
petals of Deppei. I had this plant from Mr. A. H. Smee, The Grange,
Hackbridge, the son of the author of ‘ My Garden,’ and feel pleased to name
the plant Lycaste Smeeana, hoping its possessor may observe it further»
‘since he was so much struck by it at its début.”

I feel doubtful about the origin of this plant, for it seems quite distinct
from the preceding. Besides the original, which I saw in Mr. Smee’s
‘collection in August, 1889, it flowered with H. Little, Esq., of Twickenham,
in July, 1889, and December, 1891, with M. A. Van Imschoot, in February,
1890, with T. Statter, Esq., in the following July, and with the Right Hon.
J. Chamberlain in September, 1893, as shown by specimens preserved at

‘w. M. Van Imschoot stated that his plant appeared with plants of
Lycaste Skinneri and L. lasioglossa, which is interesting as affording a
‘clue to its habitat. I have a suspicibn that it may not be a natural hybrid
atall, The above records hardly suggest such an origin ; the white colour
of the Sepals and petals is difficult to explain on the above assumption. I
fail to find the characteristic Deppei markings on the lip; and, lastly, 1 do
Not see what combination of known Guatemalan species would produce such
@plant. Further evidence is required. ;

Lycasre x Lucrantana.—In 1891 a distinct Lycaste flowered in the
Collection of M. A. Van Imschoot, of Ghent, among some imported plants

L. Skinneri. It was then divided into two, and failed to flower the
following year, but on December roth, 1893, a plant was exhibited by M.
“40 Imschoot at a meeting of the Orchidéene, at Brussells, under the
eee ot. 1. Lucianiana, and received a First-class Diploma of Honour

102 THE ORCAID REVIEW.

(Orch. Rev., ii., p. 28). It then presumably changed hands, for two days
later it was exhibited by Messrs. Linden, at a meeting of the R. H. S:,.
under the name of L. Luciani, and received a Botanical Certificate (l.c.,
p. 30). It was subsequently described under the latter name (Van Imsch..
& Cogn. in Journ. des Orch., iv., p. 361), asa beautiful ‘‘species,” near L.

lasioglossa and L. Skinneri, and afterwards figured (Lindenia, t. 412), when,

though still called a ‘‘species,” it is mentioned that M. Van Imschoot
thinks it may be a natural hybrid between L. lasioglossa and L. Skinneri..
This is clearly its origin, for the hairy lip and intermediate character are
unmistakable. M. Van Imschoot’s second plant also flowered in the follow"
ing month. The plant from M. Paul Wolter, mentioned at page 63, is
apparently identical. R. A. ROLFE.

MASDEVALLIA SORORCULA.,

AT the last meeting of the R. H. S. a plant of Masdevallia sororcula was-
exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence, which proves to be the type plant from:
which the species was described by Reichenbach some fourteen years ago
(Gard. Chron., 1887, ii., p. 712). The author described it as “the younger
sister of M. elephanticeps itself,” and went on to point out that there were
but two strong differences besides the colour and smaller size. Its history
was thus given :—‘‘ When visiting Sir Trevor Lawrence’s glorious collection;
in the possessor’s absence, in September, 1886, Messrs. J. Day, W. Lee, and!
I saw this curiosity in flower, and I obtained the single flower and a leaf.
This year, when at the same Orchidic Eldorado with Mr. J. Day, guided
by Sir Trevor himself, there was no vestige of a flower. The species of
this affinity are very shy flowers. Thus I publish the plant after havingS®
much desired to see a second flower. It is so very awkward to describe @
species from one flower only—often it is quite impossible ; in this case there
are at least most remarkable characters the constancy of which we may
hope to experience.” : 2
I was under the impression that the plant had been lost sight of, having:
never seen an authentic flower, and having failed to identify anything with
the description, but the latter point is now explained, for the species proves:
identical with M. Mooreana, described by the same author about thre®
years earlier (Gard. Chron., 1884, xxi., p. 408). The original flower may —
not have been quite normally developed when described, but, on comparing 4
one of those now produced, I find that all the essential characters agree, and 4
the circumstance of its being from the original source confirms any doubt 4
that there might be in the matter. It is interesting to have the point

cleared up.
R. A. ROLFE-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 103

FERTILITY OF HYBRIDS.

IN a recent discussion the question of the fertility of mules, or hybrids,
was raised, the impression among some being that all true mules were
sterile ; should they prove fertile, it was argued to mean that hybridity was
not present, even though so-called bigeners. The discussion arose owing to
the statement that our experience had proved that parents of hybrid
origin were more fertile than mere varieties, or even species, in the pro-
duction of their kind. Take Epidendrum x O’Brienanum as an example.
We have succeeded in raising from and through it many crosses; Cattleya
amethystoglosssa when fertilised with it gives us a fine Epicattleya; with
Sophronitis, it gives us hundreds of seedling Epiphronitis now in bud;
when crossed with Cattleya xX Claesiana it produced myriads of plants ;
and so on, seemingly because of its hybrid origin; whereas, Epidendrum
radicans and E. cinnabarinum have never yet given us a pod, though tried
times without number.

We could name other cases, but this will suffice. The question raised

is as to whether E. x O’Brienanum is a true mule, and we would be glad
to get the opinion of the Editor and others in this connection. There
seems to be quite a little confusion among cultivators as to what is a hybrid
and what is a cross. Taking any of the Cattleya labiata varieties, such
as C. Mendelii and C. Mossiz, and raising seedlings between them
would not give hybrids, we take it, but mere crosses ; but, were that section
-Mated with any of the two-leaved species, such as C. Bowringiana or C.
guttata, would the progeny be regarded as hybrids ?

We have proved, or come so near proving, that many true species are
impotent, in that we cannot get results by their use, but have, so far, not
noticed that any Orchid of garden origin fails us in this respect. We have
in flower now over a dozen Epidendrums, with many more in bud, as the
result of crossing E. xX O’Brienianum with E. radicans and E. cinna-
barinum ; all except one havé the lax flower spike traceable to E. evectum ;
all are decorative enough to be worth growing, and are of better habit than
the sprawling E. X O’Brienianum, but only one is animprovement on any
of the kinds connected with its origin, and, strange to say, all the ———
of the flowers are spotted with dark red over a rich scarlet ground, with a
compact head of flowers like E. radicans. We find that these reed-like
Plants can be made to bear seed and flower within two years from crossing,
and it would be a very interesting pastime could we give space to it.

S. Lancaster, Mass., U.S.A. E. O. ORPET.

(WE should say that all seedlings raised by the intercrossing of distinct
Species are true hybrids. Many such plants are now known to be fertile,
and this supposed test fails. There is room for difference of opinion in

104 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

some cases as to what constitutes a species, but we do not consider Cattleya
Mossize and C. Mendelii as simply varieties of C. labiata. At the very
least they are well-marked geographical sub-species, having their own
characters, and their own varieties. This question was exhaustively discussed
at pages 266-270 of our third volume. There can be no question as to
the distinctness of Epidendrum evectum from E. radicans, and consequently
none that E. xX O’Brienianum is a true hybrid. The question of its
fertility is interesting, and on this point evidence is fortunately accumu-
lating. It is certainly remarkable to find that seedlings can be got to

flower within two years from crossing, and we should like to have complete

details on this ‘ye —ED. ]

DENDROBIUM x VENUS.

I write toask if any correspondents of the OrcHID ReviEW have
experienced the same difficulty in flowing this lovely hybrid as I have had
for the last two seasons. This hybrid is a cross between Denbrobium
Falconeri and D. nobile, and is most lovely when. it blooms freely. My
plant is a fairly large one and very healthy, being about three feet in height
and having many strong growths. It grows most vigorously, and produces
flower buds very freely, and these buds swell up quite regularly until they
are about three-quarters of an inch in length and begin to show their
proper colour. Now comes a most mysterious change, as some of the buds
expand most beautifully, while others suddenly stop and die off quite
shrivelled.

This Dendrobe is grown, along with others, in a special house, and its
summer temperature ranges from 70 degrees by day (more by sun heat),
with a drop of 5 degrees, or more, at night, until the growth is made, and
then it is removed to the resting house, where it is kept comparatively dry,
until its flower buds are well in evidence. I have had the same trouble for
two seasons, and am much disappointed, for at least two-thirds of the
blooms are lost in the way I have described. Whether the cause lies in the
difference in habit of the two parents or of some cultural sdb am at 4
loss to understand, and am most anxious to find out.

Bridge Hall, Bury. O. O. WRIGLEY.

(We should be glad to have the experience of others on this point.
Meantime we may remark that one parent, namely D. Falconeri, requires

somewhat different treatment from many others, as was pointed out at page

86 and in previous volumes, and it may be that the pecularity extends in

some measure to its offspring. The matter is worth testing by ope
—EDITOR.}

Salt 3
TE A oe a eS

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 105

PAPHIOPEDILUM x LATHAMIANUM.
We had some interesting’ remarks on the “ Future of the Cypripede ”’ at
pages 60 and 76, and the annexed photograph of Paphiopedilum x
Lathamianum, sent by O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, forms a
very practical contribution to the question. It is a charming specimen,
and itis not surprising that plants which can be grown thus, with ordinary
care, should become increasingly popular. It is a picture of health and

Fic. 18. PAPHIOPEDILUM X LATHAMIANUM.

all lovers of this

beauty, and its graceful appearance will appeal to :
beautiful group. Mr. Wrigley writes that he had intended to place this
Plant, with several others, before the Committee of the Manchester Orchid
Society, but owing to the frost he had to cut the flowers and send them
instead. He also adds :—‘‘ My numerous plants of this lovely hybrid never
Were as fine as they have ee this season.” Paphiopedilum x Latham-

lar ga is : ; eas an. Botanic Garden by our
tum was Originally raised in the Birmingham Botan z .

106 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

esteemed friend and correspondent Mr. W. B. Latham, from P. Spicer-
ianum ? and P. villosum 3, and flowered for the first time in 1888. It
has since been raised in various other collections, and some of the forms
differ a good deal in the colour details and to some extent also in size, but
all of them show the most unmistakable evidence of their. descent. This
fine hybrid is universally admitted to be one of the best of winter
flowering kinds. |

ODONTOGLOSSUM LEAVES DECAYING AT THE TIPS.

{n your February issue (page 39) I have read with much interest what you
term “An important question”? brought forward by Mr. De Barri Craw-
shay, respecting the leaves of Odontuglossums decaying at the tips. I have
seen a good many ccllections of Odontoglossums, both in this country
and abroad, and have never seen them so bad as stated by Mr.
Crawshay. We have a good collection here; I do not say we have no
plants in ill-health, but the bulk of them are in vigorous health and not the
least sign of yellow tips. You may find leaves going off from old age in
their natural way, but on the unfinished pseudobulbs and the one preceed-
ing it you will find every leaf sound, and if the method used here is of any
use to Mr. De Barri Crawshay, he is welcome to it.

Our plants are potted in a mixture of polypodium fibre and sphagnum
moss, about equal parts, or just a trifle more moss, chopped rather fine ;
the pots are crocked a little more than half full, according to-the size of the
plants ; potted every year, shaking all the old soil off. In spring and
summer we give plenty of water, and syringe four or five times daily, keep-
ing the stages and floors well damped, and we shade well in bright weather.
_During the autumn we gradually reduce the water and use of the syringe,
till about the middle of November, and from that time till the middle of
January we give just enough water to keep the bulbs from shrivelling ;
if they do shrivel a little it will do no harm. ° In winter the hot water pipes
are kept just warm enough to maintain a temperature of 48° to 50°, never
allowing it to go below the former, except in very severe weather, and then
not below 45°. The pipes are always kept warm during the winter
months, and if the temperature is likely to exceed 55° just a crack of air at
bottom is given till it drops to 50°.

Too low a temperature is I believe the cause of the tips of the leaves
going yellow. The treatment here advocated gives us thick, dark green
leaves, and quantities of flower spikes, many of them carrying from fifteen
to twenty blooms. In conclusion I may say that our house faces due
south. ; WU Se

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 107

DENDROBIUMS FROM CHELTENHAM.

A SPLENDID series of Dendrobiums has been sent from the establishment
of Mr. J. Cypher, of Cheltenham, which shows how thoroughly he has.
mastered the cultivation of these beautiful plants. Of seedlings raised by
Mr. Cypher there are various good forms of D. X Cybele, D. x Ainsworthii,
and of the secondary hybrid raised between the latter and D. nobile, of
which the original form is known as D. X Rubens. The latter shows a
remarkable amount of variation, and affords an opportunity for the selectiom
of some sterling forms, some being very richly coloured, while one has the
sepals and petals nearly white, and is very beautiful. D. nobile nobilius is
a splendid example, 4+ inches in diameter across the petals, and the latter
14 inches broad. Other charming forms are D. x Wiganie, D. x rhodo-
stoma, and D. X Aspasia. There is also a fine raceme of D barbatulum,
and a striking form of D. atroviolaceum haying widely spreading petals:
which are more narrowed at the base than the typical form, and thus
forming a rather marked contrast with it. Mr. Cypher’s houses are a
picture of loveliness at this season.

It may interest some of our readers to know the methods by which such
successful results have been obtained, and the following notes of a paper
read by Mr. Cypher before the Birmingham and Midland Counties
Gardeners Association in 1895 will probably prove useful.

Mr. Cypher remarked:—‘‘In_ the successful cultivation of Dendro-
biums there are several important points which must be strictly adhered to,
especially the use of.small pots, pans, or baskets in which to grow them, as
many growers fail through having too much material about the roots. Plenty
of heat and moisture should be given during the growing season, and ne:
plants must be kept perfectly free from insect pests, especially thrip and
red spider, both of which are very destructive and soon disfigure and
weaken the young growths. During hot weather, the plants should be
thoroughly syringed twice daily, taking care to get to the under side of the
leaves, where the insects usually attack them.

“The best compost I have found to consist of good fibrous peat and
fresh sphagnum, in equal parts, with a liberal addition of broken crocks
_ and charcoal, and the soil should in most cases be renewed annually, as the
roots will not enter sour material. Good drainage must always be a?
and new clean pots or pans, using them as small as possible, according to
the size of the plants. I generally use pans in preference to baskets, -
they are easily broken when the plants require shifting, but it is pie
impossible to get plants out of baskets without injuring many of the tender
Toots, while if the old basket is:placed inside a new one, the old compost
becomes exhausted.

108 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

“‘ Galvanized wire should never be used for suspending the choice
varieties, as the growths are frequently injured by coming in contact with
it. I have several times noticed bulbs of Dendrobiums almost ruined by
contact with the wires during hot sunshine. If the roof wires on which
the plants are suspended be galvanized, they should receive two coats of
white paint.

“A constant supply of rain-water is another very important matter, as
the plants will not thrive if frequently watered with hard water. In all
Orchid houses provision should be made for storing all the rain-water
possible, and if in large open tanks so much the better. The water used for
dipping should be of about the same temperature as the house in which the
plants are grown, and this can be secured by having a small tank over the
hot-water pipes, which should be kept filled. Ido not care to have hot
pipes constantly running through the large tanks. In dipping the plants
great care should be exercised, especially during winter and early spring,
when the young growths are starting, or they may be broken or damaged.
They should never be plunged beyond the base of the plant, and the tender
young breaks should never be allowed to.touch the water. :

‘‘The Dendrobium house should also be provided with trough pipes,
and these should be kept filled during the growing season, and should
occasionally have a little manure-water and soot placed in them, taking care,
however, that they never become dry, or the foliage may be injured. The
floor of the house should also be sprinkled with manure-water twice a week _
during the summer months, the best time being when. the house is closed
for the night.

‘‘ Another important matter is to secure plenty of light, as Dendrobiums
enjoy all the light possible, and a little sunshine, morning and evening,
though they should be shaded from hot sun during the day. Many people
say that Dendrobiums grow so well at Cheltenham because we have so
much sunshine, but not many weeks ago, I saw a few Dendrobes at Stand
Hall, near Manchester, and I can truly say I never saw better grown plants,
and Manchester is not blessed with any great amount of sunshine. There

are also some splendidly grown plants in the collection of Mr. Lee at
Manchester, and at Highbury and the Uplands, in Birmingham. No doubt
they must receive less shade near any large town, and cultivators must use
their own discretion, always striving to give all the light possible, and a
little sunshine. Never use a permanent shade, or allow the blinds to
remain down during dull periods.

‘‘ After re-potting, the plants require more shade for a week or two; also
great care in watering until the roots take hold of the new soil, after which
a liberal supply should be given until the growths are completed, when it
should be gradually reduced, so as to mature the growths, and in autumn

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 109»

sufficient moisture only should be given to prevent shrivelling. I strongly
advise giving plants water immediately they show signs of shrivelling, as
I have no doubt they are sometimes weakened and almost killed by too:
much drought in winter.

“T also advise wintering the choice hybrids in a fairly warm house, never
falling below 55°. Such varieties as D. Bensone, aureum, lituiflorum, and
all the Australian and New Guinea Dendrobes, should never be placed
in a cool house, but must be kept warm and dry during the resting period..
The Australian ones when retaining their foliage always make better and.
stronger growths than if allowed to lose their leaves.

‘1. Dearii should never be kept dry, nor placed in a cool house, as it:
appears to grow and flower all the year round, and should therefore be kept
moist. D. formosum requires plenty of heat and moisture during the
growing season, and well repays the grower by producing its splendid
blooms during autumn, when white Orchids are scarce. D. infundibulum.
and Jamesianum should be grown cool and moist during summer, and in.
autumn placed at the cool end of the Cattleya house, and kept moist, in
order to mature their growths, when they produce flower buds in the spring..

“‘D. Bensonz is considered a very difficult plant to cultivate for many —
years. But I have grownit for eight years and at the end of that period.
had finer bulbs than those imported. I believe many, or nearly all, are lost
by having too much water during winter or early spring, and even when the
new growths are several inches long they should receive very little water.
Red spider also has a particular fancy for it, and soon injures the young
growths, if not kept in check, which should be done by sponging the under
side of the leaves with weak fir-tree oil and water.

‘‘D. Falconeri is also subject to the attacks of red spider, and should
be carefully watched. I find it grows best when kept rather cool and.
shaded during summer, and well saturated with water. More light should.
be given in autumn to mature the growths, and during the winter it should
be kept dry, to induce it to bloom freely. It is no doubt one of the hand-
somest Dendrobes when in bloom, and well repays any care bestowed on its.
cultivation.

‘“No doubt the nobile section is the easiest to cultivate, and all are:
beautiful when in bloom, especially D. nobile nobilius. D. n. Cookson~
ianum, D. n. pendulum, D. n. Hardyanum, D. n. Cypheri, &c.

“It is not necessary to have a house specially devoted to Dendrobes, as.
anyone having a warm plant-stove may cultivate many varieties to
perfection. I have noticed better specimens in ordinary plant-stoves than.
in a mixed house of warm Orchids, or in houses specially devoted to:
Dendrobiums ; and they produce a beautiful effect, hanging in bloom from.
the roof of any plant-stove.”

410 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

RAISING ORCHIDS FROM SEED.

THE interesting account given on page 18 of different methods of raising
seedlings has suggested a few comments thereon that may be of interest
to readers of the OrRcHID REVIEW.

The charge was once made, and much discussed, that gardeners were
empiricists, or rather, that their methods were empirical, but it would seem
that the operators in raising Orchids from seed are each obliged to
experiment along certain lines, finding out the methods best suited to their
conditions, and follow it, and even when one has attained to a maximum of
success in a few instances, the same treatment applied to other trials does
not always seem to succeed. In regard to suitable substances to sow the
seeds upon there is much difference of opinion. We have tried all that
suggested’ themselves, from a porous brick to a sponge, all of which were
failures, because of the rapidity with which they were coated with low forms
of vegetable life, derived from the water, and which surely swamped the
seeds before they were large enough to make a struggle for life, or even gain
a foothold. |

Of all materials tried, there is none so good as the brown, fibrous roots of
the Osmunda, that is used entirely in the United States for the culture of
epiphytal Orchids. A material, exactly similar to it in texture we used to
get in County Cavan, when living in Ireland, is the mats of fibrous roots of
Polypodium vulgare, as it was torn from the oak trees in that climate,
where it rained, seemingly, every day in the year. We do not tear the
material apart before using, but chop it in cubes or triangles, to fit round
the plant when potting, and it resembles a cross section of a tree fern some-
what, though not nearly as hard or firm, as it is easily compressed, and
forms an ideal seed bed. Care is taken to soak the plant well before sowing
the seeds, the testa of which seems to be endowed with the property of
adhering to the first moist surface it comes in contact with, and after this
adherence by first intent, they are not easily washed off. _ We are careful
in watering for the first time or two, and generally use a fine spray, which
secures the seeds among the root fibres, so that afterwards water is given
‘with a hose direct: from the water main or from the spout of a water pot.

Wwe experimented for some time to find a simple and effective way to
sow Orchid seeds, and have settled down some time ago to a sheet of
writing paper folded in half, to form a chute to blow the seeds from on to
the prepared and moistened surface. The last seeds left in the paper are
always the best, owing to their greater specific gravity. We have also
given up putting all our eggs in. one receptacle. From sowing on large
plants the whole of one cross, we have got down to sowing on several pots,
themselves containing seedlings in about four inch size. Sometimes all

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 111

fail to produce results, but very rarely do we miss getting up a few on one
or more of the pots sown, as the conditions in the seedling house are much
more favourable than those which obtain in the large, airy structure
containing the specimen plants.

Of many points that are debatable that make towards failure or other-
wise, one we are sure about, namely, that a continuous supply of
moisture is absolutely essential. If once the seed starts to germinate and then
becomes quite dried, failure is as certain as that night follows day, therefore,
in this climate of hot days and long draught, we say, never suspend any pot
whereon seeds are sown above the level of the eye. We have proved more than
this—that light is not at all essential to germination; given moisture and
air we have had them grow in every possible situation on the stages, on the
outside of the porous pots, and other unlikely places where light was
obtained in very subdued quantities.

How frequently do we see it recommended to immerse the receptacles
containing seeds when it is necessary to apply moisture, but if there was
one thing that would tempt me to write witha big Don’t, it would be this
immersion business. In our earlier experiments nothing appealed to me so
much as the fact that we got up plants from crosses among Cattleyas and

' Lelias that were considered difficult by others, and how elated were we to
count in anticipation the number of new plants we were going to—well—
say, introduce ; but alas, that dipping process had dissipated certain seeds
through the whole of the seed beds. We have one certain cross that has
flowered during the past year or more under at least half a dozen different
labels, and the moral is, no more dipping—for we fear the end of such
like results is not yet.

Instead of relying on dipping, as ‘‘ Hybridist ” suggests on p. 20, let the
beginner try sowing on a number of pots instead of one, and not turn
faint-hearted if the first lots fail. Nothing brings success like a multitude of
trials. How often have we congratulated ourselves that we did not keep a
record of our failures : what lugubrious reading it would make for the amateur
or beginner. Let me advise keeping a record of those that come up: it will
be pleasant reading at all times.

Our results are those of a bona fide beginner, and are intended as
comments merely on those already printed in your columns from time to
time. The work was begun after a visit, in 1895, to many of the places in
Britain, where it was possible to see what had been done in an adverse
climate, and many times have we recalled the courtsey extended hah
that trip by the clever cultivators met there.

The formula recommended by Mr. Cookson (see O. R., vii., p. 144), has
worked wonders among our seedlings, and we use it at every watering.
The established plants of the collection do not seem to respond as readily

112 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

to its use, for imported plants do degenerate, but our seedlings will take up
all the space as it is vacated, and the only fear we have is that it will not be
vacated as quickly as needed for the rapidly growing young seedling plants.

It is easy to understand why hybrids are said to be of greater longevity
than plants from the woods; the former are to the manner born, and are
specially fitted to survive under our conditions. If it were not so we
should not even see them, they die when so small.

These notes are sent at the request of some of my countrymen who
have seen and heard of some notes of mine in American Gardening. If
printed, it will lead me to believe that more will be acceptable. (Such facts
are always welcome.—Ep-]. Details are sadly needed to help along the
good work of stimulating others to begin the fascinating work of raising
seedling Orchids. E. O. ORPET.

So. Lancaster, Mass., U.S.A.

ORCHID NOMENCLATURE.

I was very glad to read in your last number (p. 82) that the question of
Orchid nomenclature had again been brought forward by that enthusiast,
Mr. De B. Crawshay. If I may venture to express an opinion I should be
sorry to see the suggested Orchid Society severed from the R. H. S., but I
think a good deal might be done by forming an Orchid Society under the
wing of the R. H. S. at a small extra subcription ; and if the R. H. 5.
would give such a Society facilities for holding a few Orchid exhibitions
during the year a certain income sufficient for the Orchid Society's
needs should be assured. The duty. of such an Orchid Society when
formed should be to at once combine all similar Societies in England, —
and commence the formation of a register for all Orchids, and should only
allow one name to be given to either a species or a hybrid of a certain cross,
for what can be more ridiculous than some ten or twelve names being given
to hybrids all raised from the same parents and coming from the same seed-
pod. Definite rules should be laid down for the judging of Orchids ; all
new species should be entitled toa certificate as such, and hybrids should be
arranged into three or even four classes, anda First-class Certificate or what-
ever the highest award may be called should be a very rare distinction. At
present the Orchid Committee of the R. H. S. can only divide species and
hybrids into two classes, which does not give sufficient scope for distinction-
I am too young and inexperienced an Orchid enthusiast myself, but

_ wish that those of light and leading in the Orchid world would take the
matter in hand at once. If they will give us a lead, they will be well
backed up by a large number of lovers of this most interesting culture-

The Avenue, Gipsy Hill. FRANK A. REHDER..

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 113
PAPHIOPEDILUM APPLETONIANUM.

In 1895 a plant which had flowered with M. Paul Wolter, at Magdeburg,
was described under the name of Cypripedium Wolterianum (Kranzl, in
Gard. Chron., 1895, xvii., p. 166), the author remarking: ‘‘It is perhaps a
natural hybrid between C. Lowii and another parent unknown to us. The
staminode, however, shows such a peculiar feature, and is so dissimilar to
this organ in other Cypripediums, that we must consider the plant for the
moment as a true species. The habitat is to be kept secret for the present,
but I can assert that it is not the native country of C. Lowii. For myself,
I was struck with the information given to me by the importer. The

Fic. 19.—PAPHIOPEDILUM X SIAMENSE. Fic. 21.—P. APPLETONIANUM.
; Fic. 20.—P. CALLOSUM.

flowers have all the grace of those of C. Lowii, and are of about the same
size. I may add that the specimen which flowered at Magdeburg, in Mr.
P. Wolter’s collection, was a very poor one, yet its flowers were in size and
beauty equal to those of a normal C. Lowii. It is to be hoped that the
flower will increase in beauty when the plant has acquired more strength.”
What it could be was naturally a puzzle, and when subsequently a plant
was figured (Xen. Orch., iii., p. 142, t. 282), showing all the characters of
the one already known as C. Appletonianum, the value of the above
remarks was apparent. And the history of the plant can now be completed.

114 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

M. Th. Franke has sent to Kew an authentic flower, stating that the plant
was found in a importation of P. callosum, and that a second plant has now
appeared in the same way. This of course fixes its habitat as Siam, and
serves to confirm its identity. The history of the species has already been
given (O. R., iv., p. 18), but its appearance can now be traced back to
1889, for in January of that year a plant flowered at Kew which had
passed as C. callosum until it flowered. Other plants have been
obtained in the same unexpected way, quite recently one in the
collection. of Capt. Law-Schofield, Rawtenstall, Manchester, but
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. have also introduced it in quantity. Its
affinity is not with P. Lowii, which has far larger flowers and unmarbled
leaves, but with the Bornean P. Bullenianum, which it resembles so closely
in the flower as to have been taken for an aberrant variety of it. It is
interesting to be able to clear up its history.

The remaining figures represent the well-known P. callosum (fig. 20),
with which the preceding was imported, and P. x siamense (fig. 1g), the
interesting natural hybrid between the two others, which occasionally turns
_ up in the same importations. Its history may be found in an earlier
volume (vol. iv., p. 17).

R. A. ROLFE.

THE HYBRIDIST.

EPICATTLEYA X Orpeti.—This is the result of impregnating Cattleya
amethystoglossa with the pollen of Epidendrum x O’Brienianum, and Mr.
E, O. Orpet writes from S. Lancaster, Mass., U.S.A., that it ‘is now in
bloom with us, a little under two years from fertilizing the flower. The
plant is now about 16 inches high, with a scape about ten inches longer,
the habit being that of an Epidendrum with the leaves a trifle longer,
thicker, and broader, and with no trace of aérial roots. The flower, in size,
equals that of E. radicans, and is exactly the colour of Masdevallia Lindenii,
the red being eliminated. The lip is fringed and strongly three-lobed, and
shows very little modification from the pollen parent. The pollen masses
are two in number, and seemingly abortive. The scape has about six
flowers and buds sparsely set at the top, and there are three growths, all of
which are showing for bloom. Epidendrums of this reed-like section are
lovers of sun. All that we have in summer here they will stand, but
directly the Cattleyas are mixed in, the house requires shade, or the latter will
_ Show signs of distress.” This interesting plant may bear the name of its
raiser, and will probably be heard of again when fully developed.

nr

‘THE ORCHID REVIEW. 115

SOCIETIES.
MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.

A MEETING of this Society was held at the Coal Exchange, Mancheste1, on
February 7th, when many beautiful Orchids were exhibited, the awards -

being as follows:—

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Bank House, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson),
exhibited a pretty little group, to which a Vote of Thanks was awarded.
First-class Certificates were given to Odontoglossum crispum Fairy Queen,
‘Cypripedium X Beeckmanni, and C. X Hyeanum, and Awards of Merit to
‘C. X Wilkinsoni and C. x Euryades Hera.

T. Baxter, Esq., Morecambe, Lancashire (gr. Mr. Roberts), staged a
fine group of Odontoglossums, for which a Silver-gilt Medal was awarded.
Awards of Merit were given to Odontoglossum crispum Queen Alexandra,
‘©. X Andersonianum Golden Queen, and O. X microspilum.

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), showed Odonto-
glossum crispum Kegeljani, which received a First-class Certificate.

R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, Manchester (gr. Mr. Pidsley), exhibited
‘Odontoglossum X Adrianz, which received an Award of Merit.

5S. Gratrix, Esq., Manchester (gr. Mr. McLeod), exhibited Cypri-
pedium callosum Gratrixiz, which received an Award of Merit.

W. Duckworth, Esq., Shawe Hall, Flixton,(gr. Mr. Tindall), received
a Cultural Certificate for Cypripedium <X Lathamianum inversum.

A. Z. Lees, Esq., Stretford (gr. Mr. Thompson), staged a neat group,
aand was awarded a Vote of Thanks.

Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, exhibited a good group, for which a Vote
of Thanks was given. Awards of Merit were made to Dendrobium x dulce
Oakwood var., D. X splendidissimum giganteum, and Cypripedium x
Harrisianum superbum.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Cottingley, Bingley, staged a small group, and was
awarded a Vote of Thanks.

AT the meeting on February 21st, there was again a very good display of
choice Orchids.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), showed a fine group,
for which he was awarded a Silver-gilt Medal. First-class Certificates
‘were given to Cattleya Triane Furore, Lelia X nigrescens, and
Dendrobium xX Apollo alba.

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Bank House, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), was
awarded First-class Certificates for Lzlio-cattleya x ai mba: de Russie
and Cymbidium Hookerianum Bank House var.

T. Baxter, Esq., Morecambe (gr. Mr. Roberts), received Awards of

116 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Merit for Odontoglossum Xx Andersonianum Earl Roberts and O. x
A. Mabel.

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), exhibited
Cattleya Triane Mafeking, which received an Award of Merit.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), staged a nice collection of
cut Cypripedes, and was awarded a Bronze Medal.

Messrs. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, staged a fine group, which was
awarded a Silver Medal.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, exhibited Odonto-
glossum crispum Dorothy, a pretty yellow form, which received an Award
of Merit. :

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Cottingley, Bingley, received an Award of Merit for
Cypripedium xX bingleyense. ik
_ ON March 7th the exhibits were more numerous, and the Dendrobes were
particularly good.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), staged an excellent —
group, which was awarded a Silver-gilt Medal. Lelio-cattleya x Admiral
Dewey received a First-class Certificate.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), received a
Silver Medal for a fine group, in which the beautiful Dendrobium Wardi-
anum ochroleucum was conspicuous.

R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), received a First-class
Certificate for a beautiful albino called Cattleya Trianze alba Snowflake.

S. Gratrix, Esq., Manchester (gr. Mr. McLeod), receved a First-class
Certificate for Dendrobium x Cybele var. Mr. John Cypher.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), exhibited
Dendrobium X Minos (Findlayanum x Cassiope) and: Lzlio-cattleya Xx
Cappei, both obtaining Awards of Merit. .

W. Cuckworth, Esq., Shawe Hall, Flixton (gr. Mr. Tindall), received
an Award of Merit for Dendrobium nobile Duckworthii.
Cymbidium eburneo-Lowianum.

A. Z. Lees, Esq., Stretford (gr. Mr. Thompson), exhibited Cattleya
Trianz, Lees variety, which received an Award of Merit.

G. H. Peace, Esq., received an Award of Merit for Odontoglossum
Rossii giganteum.

E.O. Schneider, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Hunt), sent a fine
example of Dendrobium x Schneiderianum. :

Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, staged a fine group, and was awarded
Silver-gilt Medal. Dendrobium x splendidissimum giganteum received a
First-class Certificate, and D. x s. albens and Saccolabi
Awards of Merit.

He also sent

um_ bellinum,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 117

J. Robson, Altrinchart, received a First-class Certificate for
iene Xx aureum Cyros, and Awards of Merit for C. X a. Carparti-
anum and Dendrobium X euosmum var. (D. nobile Amesie x D.
endocharis).

Mr. A. A. Peeters, Saint Gilles, Brussels, received an Award of Merit
for Cypripedium X aureum Etiocle.

Mr. W. Holmes, Timperley, Cheshire, exhibited Dendrobium x Cybele
nobilius.

THE meeting held on March 2tst was the most successful of the season up
to date, the display being superb.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey, (gr. Mr. Edge), staged a fine showy
group, for which he was awarded a Silver-gilt Medal. Odontoglossum
crispum Imperator and Lelio-cattleya xX Ernesti var. General Buller
received First-class Certificates, and Awards of Merit were given to
Odontoglossum X Ruckerianum, O. natural hybrid (unnamed), Dendro-
bium xX Ainsworthii Woodhatch var., and an unnamed Cypripedium
(Godefroye X insigne ?).

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Bank House, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), staged a
nice group, which gained a Vote of Thanks. Odontoglossum x Rolfez .
Hercules, a fine form with beautiful colouring, received a First-class
Certificate, and Awards of Merit were given to Odontoglossum crispum
Trincess, O. triumphans Bank House var., Trichopilia suavis grandiflora,
Cypripedium X Pomona, and C. X aureum (Edipe.

W. Duckworth, Esq., Shawe Hall, Flixton (gr. Mr. Tindall), exhibited
a fine group, and was awarded a Silver-gilt Medal. Cypripedium x Lilian
Greenwood recéived a First-class Certificate, and Cattleya Trianez Uplands
var., an Award of Merit.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, (gr. Mr. Rogers), showed 4
fine group, and was awarded a Silver-gilt Medal. Dendrobium X Rubens
grandiflorum received a First-class Certificate, and Dendrobium X Rolfez
an Award of Merit.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, (gr. Mr. Johnson), received
a First-class Certificate for Cypripedium xX Maudiz, and an Award of
Merit for Dendrobium X Curtisii.

S. Gratrix, Esq., Manchester, (gr. Mr. McLeod), reccived a First-class
Certificate for Lycaste X Samuel Gratrix. :

E. H. Seddon, Esq., Brooklands, (gr. Mr. Milne), exhibited the fine
albino Catteya Schrodere Queen Alexandra (First-class Certificate).

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden, (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), received a
First-class Certificate for Dendrobium XxX Souvenir de Queen Victoria
{D. nobile Amesie X C. Ashworthianum).

118 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Dr. Hodgkinson, The Grange, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Woore), received
an Award of Merit for Dendrobium x Sibyl magnificum.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, staged a very fine group,
for which a Silver-gilt Medal was given. First-class Certificates were
awarded to Odontoglossum X Adriane Duchess of Cornwall, O. crispum
Sunray, and Cymbidium X eburneo-Lowianum concolor, a hybrid from
C. Lowianum concolor, and resembling it in having a nearly self-coloured
flower. Lelio-cattleya x Mrs. Gratrix received an Award of Merit.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Cottingley, Bingley, showed a nice group, for which
a Vote of Thanks was given. Cypripedium Xx Juno received a First-class.
Certificate and Awards of Merit were given to Cypripedium x Robert Etty
and Odontoglossum crispum virginale.

Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, staged a fine group, and was awarded a
Silver Medal. An Award of Merit was given to Dendrobium nobile
Duckworthiz. :

Messrs. H. Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, received a First-class Certifi-
cate for Cattleya Trianz alba.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, received a Vote of Thanks for a
nice group.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

At the meeting held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, om
March rath there was a very brilliant display of Orchids, several fine
groups being staged. The members of the Orchid Committee present
were :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. H. Ballantine, W. A.
Bilney, T. W. Bond, J. Colman, H. J. Chapman, de B. Crawshay, J-
Douglas, J. G. Fowler, E. Hill, H, T. Pitt, H. M. Pollett,: J. W.. Potter,
F. A. Rehder, F. Sander, W. H. White, and W. H. Young.

W. Thompson, Esq., Staffordshire, staged a fine group of splendidly
grown Odontoglossums, and was awarded a Silver Flora Medal. Prominent
among them were Odontoglossum x excellens McBeanianum, O x e-
nobilior, O. X Andersonianum delicatum, O. x Adrianz Lord Roberts,
O. Rossii majus, O. x Humeanum, and Cochlioda Noetzliana. A First-
class Certificate was given to Odontoglossum crispum Queen Empress, with
deep rose sepals, lighter rose petals, and a white Jip with a yellow disc.

R. G. Thwaites, Streatham (gr. Mr. Black), sent a nice group, which
received a Silver Banksian’'Medal. It contained a fine plant of Dendro-
bium nobile Cooksonianum, covered with flowers; some fine examples
of D. X Ainsworthii, D. x Wiganiz, D. X Kenneth, D. x Owenianum,
and a pretty Odontoglossum Pescatorei. An Award of Merit was given to
Dendrobium X Roeblingianum, a fine hybrid, with white flowers tinged
with rose, and a yellow, hairy disc. eae OM

THE ORCHID REVIEW 119

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), staged a
fine group, which was awarded a Silver Flora Medal. The group consisted
chiefly of Dendrobiums, including a fine example of D. aggregatum,
covered with flowers, together with Phaius x Norman, Sophronitis
grandiflora, and a finely-flowered Miltonia x Bleuana.

J- Colman, Esq., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Bound), was awarded
a Silver Banksian Medal for a nice group, containing Lelia anceps Stella,
L. Jongheana, Ccelogyne cristata, Lelio-cattleya x Captain Percy Scott,
(L.-c. X elegans X C. labiata flammea), with bright rose-coloured sepals
and petals, a crimson-purple lip, and the throat covered with yellow, and
Cymbidium Lowio-eburneum.

Mrs. Haywood, Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate (gr. Mr. Salter), sent
Dendrobium xX splendidissimum purpurascens, D. x Rubens, and others.
An Award of Merit was given to D. x Ainsworthii Edithe.

F. A. Rehder, Esq., Gipsy Hill, received an Award of Merit for
Cypripedium X Ernesto, a hybrid of unrecorded parentage. The lip,
petals, and dorsal sepal were brown in colour, with the outer margin of the
latter white. He also sent a good variety of Dendrobium x Sybil.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. M. White),
exhibited Odontoglossum xX Andersonianum Dorman’s variety, O. X
Ruckerianum, and O. coronarium miniatum. A Botanical Certificate was
awarded to Liparis tricallosa. ;

Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Chapman), staged a
well-grown and beautiftil plant of Cymbidium x eburneo-Lowianum.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, were awarded a Silver-gilt Flora
Medal for a fine, large group, consisting wholly of hybrids. It. included
Dendrobium X euosmum leucopterum, D. x Wiganie, D. x Euryalus,
D. X splendidissimum, D. x Wardiano-japonicum, D. x Ellisii, Lelio-
cattleya xX callistoglossa ignescens, L.-c. x Myra, L.-c. x Antimachus
(Dominiana X Warscewiczii), L.-c. x Clonia, Phalaenopsis X Mrs. J. H.
Veitch, and Cymbidium x eburneo-Lowianum. An Award of Medal was
given to Lelio-cattleya x Vacuna (C. guttata x L. cinnabarina), with
pale yellow flowers and the front lobe of the lip deep crimson-purple.

Messrs. H. Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, received a Silver Flora Medal
for a fine group, consisting chiefly of Dendrobiums, together with some
remarkable varieties of Cattleya Triane and C. Schrodere, Lelia Jonghe-
ana, Angrecums, Cypripediums and other species. Cattleya Triane
formosa was particularly fine.

Mr, J. Cypher, Cheltenham, sent a fine group of Dendrobiums, and was
awarded a Silver Flora Medal. The group included D. X Ainsworthii,
D. xX Rubens grandiflorum, D. x melanodiscus, D. xX Cybele, D. atro-
violaceum, D. nobile nobilius, and D. Findlayanum.

120 TITLE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, received a First-class Certificate
for Cypripedium X Lord Derby Sander’s variety.

M. FI. Claes, Brussels, sent a fine collection of natural hybrid Odonto-
glossums. 2 esa
AT the meeting held on March 26th, there was a fine display of plants, in
spite of the severe frost. There were present of the Orchid Committee :—
H. J. Veitch, Esq.,. in the chair; and Messrs. H. Ballantine, H. J. Chap-
man, W. Cobb, de B. Crawshay, J. Douglas, E. Hill, J. Hye-Leysen, H.
Little, J. W. Odell, H. M. Pollett, H. T. Pitt, F. A. Rehder, T. Rochford,
F. J. Thorne, R. B. White, W. H. Young, and J. O’Brien (hon. sec.).

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), received

Fig. 22.—ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM FRANZ MASEREEL.

a First-class Certificate for Odontoglossum crispum. purpurascens, a very
handsome form, with rosy-lilac sepals and petals, darker in the centre, and
spotted with reddish-purple, and the ground colour of the lip nearly white.

M. J. Hye-Leysen, Ghent (gr. Mr. Coen), received a Silver-gilt Flora
Medal?for Odontoglossum crispum Franz Masereel, a fine plant in superb
condition, bearing thirteen fine flowers (see figure above). He also showed
a fine example of the yellow Lzlio-cattleya x Myra “Etoile d’Or.”

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stephens),
received a Cultural Commendation for the finely-spotted Odontoglossum
crispum Victoria-Regina.

H. F. Simonds, Esq., Beckenham (gr. Mr. Day), received a Cultural

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 121

Commendation for four splendid plants of Dendrobium Jamesianum, bearing
over 150 flowers.

A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Carshalton (gr. Mr. Humphreys), showed
Lelio-cattleya X Pallas, a fine example, and a well grown plant of
Scuticaria Hadwenii, with six flowers, the latter receiving a Cultural
Commendation.

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whitelegge),
exhibited two fine forms of Cattleya Trianz.

W. Cobb, Esq., Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), showed the richly
coloured Odontoglossum triumphans dulcotense, and O. crispum Elamii,
with fine flowers, blotched with red-brown.

D. O. Drewett, Esq., Riding Mill-on-Tyne, exhibited Cypripedium xX
Juno, and C. x Robert Etty (Godefroye X insigne Chantini), a fine
distinct yellow flower spotted with purple.

Mrs. Haywood, Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate (gr. Mr. Salter), sent a very
fine Dendrobium Ainsworthii xX splendidissimum and D. x Virgil.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Ladymead, Sussex (gr. Mr. Wotton), exhibited a
good example of Cypripedium X Zeus.

Sir Jas. Miller, Bart., Manderston, Duns. (gr. Mr. Hamilton), sent two
fine spikes of Lelio-cattleya x highburyensis.

Dr. F. Pritchard-Davies, Maidstone (gr. Mr. Keylock), exhibited a good”
variety of Odontoglossum ramosissimum, having white flowers, with a large
purple blotch at the base of the segments.

H. M. Pollett, Esq., Bickley (gr. Mr. Fry), sent a good example of
Dendrobium Wardianum. °

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
sent a fine Lelio-cattleya x Digbyano-Triane, and L.-c. x Cecilia.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a fine group, which gained a
Silver Flora Medal. It included some good examples of Lzlio-cattleya *
Pallas, L.-c. X highburyensis, L.-c. x Myra, L.-c. x Antimachus, Dendro-
bium x Socius, D. x Wardiano-japonicum, D. x Aspasia, D. x Virginia,
D. x euosmum, D. barbatulum, D, Wardanum, Oncidium sarcodes, Chysis
- X Sedeni, Epidendrum x Clarissa, and Cymbidium x eburneo-Lowianum.

Messrs. H. Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, staged an effective group, for
which they were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal. The group contained
Cattleya Triane, C. T. alba, C. T. tricolor, C. Schrodere, Lelia Jongheana,
Cypripedium Rothschildianum, Dendrobium nobile virginale, D. Brymer-
ianum, ‘D. crassinode, D. c. meh, D. primulinum, and D. fimbriatum
oculatum.

Mr. Ed. Kromer, Bandon Hill, Croydon, received an Award of Merit
for Lelia Jongheana Kromeri, with very bright rose-purple sepals and
petals, and heavy bands of purple on the lip.

122 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, staged a small group of hybrids,
including some very fine hybrid Phaius, between P. x Marthe and P.
Sanderianus, a good example -of Odontoglossum x excellens; and a fine
Dendrobium x Euterpe. Odontoglossum crispum Sunshine received an
Award of Merit. The flowers are yellow, tinged with purple at the back
of the sepals, and the lip bore a large, red brown blotch. It seems to be a
form of O. X loochristiense.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Cottingley, Bingley, exhibited Lelia Jongheana and
L. J. Keelingiz, the latter having a purple band round the lip.

M. L. Linden, Brussels, sent two good forms of Phalznopsis amabilis.

Mr. John Weathers, Silverhall Nursery, Isleworth, showed a neat form
of Odontoglossum crispum.

INCONSPICUOUS AND RARELY-CULTIVATED ORCHIDS.

AT three o’clock an interesting paper by Mr. W. H. White on the above
subject was read by the president,-and was illustrated by a charming little
group containing the following :—Pleurothallis Roezlii, P. ornatus, P.
macroblepharis, Scaphosepalum pulvinare, Restrepia antennifera, R. elegans,
Masdevallia leontoglossa, M. sororcula, M. triangularis, Dendrobium barba-
tulum, D. Kingianum, D. subclausum, D. x specio-Kingianum, Bulbo-
»phyllum tremulum, Cirrhopetalum picturatum, Coelogyne Mossiz, C. sparsa,
Epidendrum Claesianum, E. fuscatum, Cymbidium lancifolium, Maxillaria
Houtteana, Camaridium Lawrenceanum, Vanda ccerulescens, Saccolabium
ampullaceum, Ponthieva maculata, Sauroglossum elatum, and Bonatea
speciosa.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR APRIL.

By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.
SLIGHTLY increase the temperature in all departments in accordance wth
the warmer conditions prevailing outside, and carefully guarda:ainst the
atmosphere becoming excessively dry during cold north or easterly winds.
All houses excepting the Mexican must now be well shaded from the bright
sunshine, and especially the Cool or Odontoglossum house, where direct
sunshine will at this season cause considerable injury to the plants.

The Mexican house is set aside for species that prefer sunshine, and
succeed bette if never shaded, or only very slightly in the hottest weather.
A good many species are known to delight in such conditions, and experi-
ments are continually adding to the list. Here are the names of a few of
them :—Lzelia anceps, especially the white forms, L. grandiflora (maja)
and L. Gouldiana. Therest of the Mexican Lelias, such as L. albida, L
autumnalis, L. Margiottiana, and L. purpuracea must be more shaded, like

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 123

Cattleyas. Other sun-loving kinds are Thunias, Barkerias, Brassavolas,
Rodriguezias, Mormodes, Cattleya Wakeriana, C. citrina, C. dolosa,.
Cyrtopodiums, Dendrobium albo-sanguineum, D. ochreatum, D.-speciosum,
Oncidium splendidum, Schomburgkias, and Vanda teres. Failing a Mexi-
can house, a place should be reserved for these species at one part of the
Cattleya or Intermediate house, which should be less thickly shaded than
the other part. The syringe should now be well plied amongst them,
using tepid soft water.

The deciduous Calanthes should now be re-potted. Use pots in propor-
tion to the size of the bulbs and the number inserted in one pot. Welll
drain, about one half, as they are not deep rooting Orchids. Plant in an
ordinary potting soil of fibrous loam, peat leafsoil, and sharp sand. Water
very sparingly at first, and give a position in the warmest house, preferably
on a shelf. .

Sophronitis grandiflora is now starting to grow, and should have the
necessary attention as to re-panning or top dressing. Being such a com-
pact grower re-potting for the purpose of giving more root room is rarely
necessary. It thrives best if suspended, is very partial to shade, and prefers
plenty of moisture when growing, and until blooming is over, when it
delights in a short rest. It succeeds best in the Cool house.

Odontoglossum Rossii and O. Cervantesii, as they pass out of bloom,
will remain inactive and at rest until about midsummer, and will therefore
require exceedingly little water during that period. Small pans or baskets
to grow in, very little root disturbance, and a very careful application of |
water, even when growing, are the most essential points in keeping these
species in a continually flourishing condition. They are very cool growing.

Odontoglossum grande is now starting’ to form new roots and growths,
and should be attended to. It does best in a rather generous soil, composed.
of turfy loam, peat and sand, surfaced with sphagnum moss. Water care-
fully after re-potting, but keep moist and in a growing condition. It
really succeeds best in the Intermediate house, but will grow cool.

Coelogyne cristata and its varieties will now be fit for re-potting. It is.
not often that it requires it, the packing in of new material in any loose
place, and the pegging down of new growths that show a tendency to grow
over the rim, is generally all that is required. They do sometimes, of course,
require larger pots and when so should have a compost of two parts lumpy
peat, one of fibrous loam, and one of chopped sphagnum moss, and they
should be potted rather firmly. It is generally not advisable to pull the
moss to pieces when re-potting, but if the specimen is old, having a large
number of old back pseudobulbs, it is better to do so, removing a large
number of the old pseudobulbs, which are of no further use, and potting
the younger portions of the plant together, which will grow much stronger

124 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

and soon make large new pseudobulbs. The old bulbs may be potted up ~
by themselves, and will make further new leaves, which may ultimately be
replaced with the mother plant, thus increasing the number of youthful and
vigorous leads.

This principle of catering for the production of new pseudobulbs at the
-expense of the old should be well kept to the fore with all species of Orchids.
All good cultivators fully realize the value of new vigorous growth for the
production of healthy and handsome specimens. For example, you some-
_ times see an Orchid with only one or two leads, occupying enormous pots
or baskets large enough to accommodate probably a dozen of such leads.
The reason of this is that the old pseudobulbs have been carefully preserved
‘intact when repotting, which renders a large pot necessary, thus taking up
much room, but producing no more flowers than a small pot with the same
number of leads. I may say that the new growths ar: no stronger when
backed by along array of ancestors—in fact they frequently show unmis-
-takable signs or degeneracy. The number of old pseudobulbs to leave per
new growth may be a matter of opinion, and when advising on this matter
I always prefer to be on the safe side by leaving one too many rather than
‘one too few. An unhealthy, rootless and shrivelled specimen may be
denuded of its old pseudobulbs with greater impunity than a strong healthy
one. Inthe case of Dendrobiums which flower from the new wood, like
D. nobile and D. Wardianum, I would leave one to three old bulbs, while
those which flower from the old wood, like D. fimbriatum and D. thyrsi-
‘florum may have from three to six. For Cattleyas and Lelias, and indeed all
other species, from three to five, or even six in extra strong specimens, may
safely be a guide.

There are other species of Cilicia that may now be potted. such as
-C. Massangeana, C. tomentosa, C. speciosa, and any others that are starting.
They all like a rather good bodied compost, and are better if more lumpy
peat and less sphagnum moss be used, with a free addition of sharp sand
-and finely broken charcoal.

Cymbidium eburneum, C. tigrinum, C. Mastersii, and others in the same |
condition of growth, may now be repotted. They are deep and free rooting
species, and should therefore have fairly large pots, and not over-much
drainage. Peat, well intermixed with sharp sand and finely broken crocks
or charcoal, makes the best compost for them. A little loam may also be
_added with advantage, but I don’t advise too much, as it in time settles
.down so hard, preventing a tree access of air and water. Pot rather lightly,
‘working the compost well down between the roots. At first water very
-sparingly, but keep the surface and the foliage well moistened, to prevent
loss of foliage and encourage growth. Intermediate temperature is the
«best.

\

é

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 125

Many other species will now also demand attention. On every hand
siens of renewed activity are apparent, and no time must be lost in getting
them each done in their turn, so that the very best season does not pass by
fruitlessly. Most of the Cattleyas and Lelias, many Oncidiums and Odonto-
glossums, Dendrobiums, and many others, are done at this season with

' greatest chances of success, because the new roots push freely after resting,
and the plants soon become re-established if the atmosphere is kept moist
and genial.

This a good time to purchase newly imported Orchids, because they
need not now lie about on the stages long, but may be almost immediately
potted up, and will quickly root tnd become established. Keep them nicely
shaded for a while, and they will soon be so far recovered as to take their
proper places in the collection. I should add, perhaps, that too much liberty
must not be taken with such sorts as Odontoglossums, Oncidiums, and
Cypripediums, in the way of water or they may rot—it is safer not to let
water touch them overhead for a short period, but to lay them on wet moss:

until they plump up and produce new roots, after which the danger of
damping is over. ;

Odontoglossum citrosmum need not be kept dry any longer, with a view
to blo:ming, for all that will bloom this season will now show their spikes.
They may therefore be watered like other things. Some plants are particu-
larly shy to bloom, and will not do so unless absolutely shrivelled during
the winter. It is a pity to let a strong bulb miss flowering through not
knowing this, for it is to my mind one of the most lovely Orchids we have,
the long spiked varieties of course being the most graceful.

The question of manurial aid to Orchids seems to have dropped of late-
I believe we were promised by someone the results of his experiences. I
continue to strongly advise that for all practical purposes it be left alone.
Use rain-water, pond-water, or river-water. If you are obliged to use
hard tap-water, then so much the worse for you, and in this case only am
I in favour of adding foreign matter thereto ; just something that will tend
to turn it to the nature of soft water. {But what ?—ED.|

—_———+

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.
DENDROBIUMS are now making a brave show in our collections, and, owing
to the rapid progress made in hybridisation, seem likely to become still more
important as winter-blooming plants. Several very beautiful forms are sent
from the collection of N: C. Cookson, Esq.-, of Wylam-on-Tyne, by Mr.
Murray, among which we must mention the very charming D. x Bryan, D.
x Murrayi, a beautiful example of D. x Cybele, D. x Astrea superbum,
having a large, very richly-coloured blotch at the apex of each segment, the

a

126 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

richly-coloured D. x Sibyl, and some good examples of D. nobile Cooksoni-
anum and D. Wardianum, one of the latter having unusually short and
broad petals, with small dark tips, and the lip very concave.

A good inflorescence of Dendrobium atroviolaceum is sent from the
collection of F. M. Burton, Esq., Highfield, Gainsborough. Mr. Burton
remarks that this Dendrobium does very well with him, and flowers abun- ~
dantly. A good dark form of D. nobile is also sent, together with a large
form of Lelia Jongheana.

A good form of Paphiopedilum x pavoninum is sent from the collection
of H. J. Ross, Esq., of Florence, alsoa pretty rosy flower of Lycaste xX
Janetz, from one of the plants mentioned on page 95.

Three forms of the pretty little Odontoglossum Rossii are sent from the
collection of G. F. Laycock, Esq., Wiseton, Bawtry, Notts., one being the
rare variety Ehrenbergii, in which the markings on the sepals and base of
the petals are greenish-brown in colour. There are also two good O. cris-
pum, one of which is very heavily blotched with red-brown on a clear
white ground, though at present below the average in size.

A beautiful series of Dendrobiums is sent from the collection of W. P.
Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle, Hull, by Mr. Barker. It includes ten different.
forms of D. nobile, ranging from the richly-coloured D. n. nobilius to D.
n. Amesize, which is white with the exception of a dark maroon disc, and the
charming albino D. n. virginale, the intermediate stages showing consider-
able variation in size and richness of colouring. D. x Ainsworthii 1s
represented by the varieties splendidissimum, flavescens, having a tinge of
yellow in the sepals and petals, andillustris, a fine, rose-purple form with
the usual dark disc. D. xX Rubens is both large and very richly coloured,
and the variety Apollo is about intermediate between itand D.x R. albens,
which is nearly white with the exception of the disc. Other beautiful
hybrids include D. X Wiganie, D. x Venus, the handsome D. X Pitcher-
lanum roseum, D. X Owenianum, D. x xanthocentrum, D. x Sybil, D.
x Rainbow, and D. x Luna, the whole forming a very charming group.

NOTES.
MEETINGs of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill Hall
Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on April gth and 23rd, when the Orchid
Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold
meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on April 4th and 18th. The
Orchid Committee meets at noon and the exhibits are open to inspection
from 1 to 3 p.m.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 127

A fine example of the beautiful Phaio-calanthe X grandis is sent from
the collection of N. C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne. It has
rose-pink sepals and petals, and a light yellow lip with three red-purple
stripes at the base. Its parents are Phaius grandifolius @ and Calanthe x
Bryan ¢, and it seems to vary considerably in colour. A noble example of
the Oakwood variety of Paphiopedilum Xx Calypso is also sent.

A flower of the very beautiful Odontoglossum crispum Queen Empress,
to which a First-class Certificate was given by the R. H. S. on March 12th,
is sent from the collection of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone,
by Mr. Stevens. The sepals. are over an inch, and the petals 1g inches
broad, and of a beautiful rose-pink, with the lip nearly white, and
unspotted. It is a very charming form.

A very handsome Lzlio-cattleya is sent from the collection of the Right
Hon. J. Chamberlain, o.p., Highbury, Birmingham, by Mr. Mackay,
which, we think, may be a form of L.-c. x Cappei. It was purchased as a
hybrid between L. cinnabarina and C. Aclandiz, but the second parent was
evidently a member of the labiata group, apparently C. Warscewiczii. A
very brightly coloured form of D. nobile is also sent, which was purchased
as a hybrid with an impossible parentage.

A flower of the superb Paphiopedilum = nitens magnificum is sent from
the collection of W. G. Groves, Esq., of Windermere. It is the finest form
of this hybrid which we have seen.

A flower of Lycaste lasioglossa is also sent from the same collection.
It flowered out a little batch of half a dozen imported Lycaste Skinneri
purchased three years ago. Plants in the collection of H. J. Ross, Esq., of
Florence, and H. G. Aggs, Esq., of Dorking, appeared under similar
circumstances, and we believe that most of the plants in cultivation have
been introduced accidentally.

The remarkable whip-like Dendrobium teretifolium is also flowering
well in Mr. Groves’ collection, and is very well compared with Scuticaria
Steelii in its habit of growth.

Flowers of Lelia Cowani, L. cinnabarina and L. flava are sent from
the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, by Mr.
White, who points out how exactly intermediate the first-named is between
the other two, both in colour and other details. The history of the plant
was given in our last volume (pp. 78, 122). Mr. White should cross the
two latter together, and note the result. “

128 ¢ THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

ARACHNANTHE CATHCARTI.—Gard. Chron., 1901, xxix., pp. 149, 150,
fig. 60.

CYPRIPEDIUM X LorD DERBY SANDER’S vAR.—/ourn, Hort., 190%,
xlii., p. 255, with fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM X W. R. ‘LEE, SANDER’S VAR.—Gard. Mag., Igo1,
pp- 194, 195, with fig.

DENDROBIUM X AINSWORTHII SPLENDIDISSIMUM.—Gard. Mag., 1901,
p- 148, with fig.

DENDROBIUM X CHLOROSTELE JUNO.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 148, with
fig. :

DENDROBIUM X DULCE.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 148, with fig.

DENDROBIUM X .EuryaLus.— Gard. Mag., 1go1, p. 148, with
fig.

DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM.—Journ. Hort., Igor, xlii., pp. 210, 211,
with fig.

DENDROBIUM X WIGANIANUM.—Gard. Mag., 1900, p. 167, with fig.

EPIDENDRUM CLAESIANUM, Cogn.—Gard. Chron., 1g01, XxiX., Pp. 79,
fig. 27.

LycaAsTE LASIOGLOSSA.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 179, with fig.

ODONTOGLOssUM X ADRIANA Mrs. Rospert Benson.—Journ. Hort.,
1901, xlii., p. 210, with fig.

ODONTOGLOSSUM X LOOCHRISTIENSE COUNDONENSE.—Garden, IgOI,
lix., pp. 160, 161, with fig. Var. RocHFORDIANUM.—1.c., p. 161, with fig.

PHAIUS SIMULANS, Rolfe.—Gard. Chron., 1901, xxix., p. 79, fig. 32.

PHAIUS TUBERCULOSUS, Blume.—Gard. Chron., 1901, xxix., pp- 77; 79
fig. 31; Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 144, with fig.

PHALz&Nopsis X Mrs. J..H: VerrcH.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xlii., pp. 226.
227, with fig.

CORRESPONDENCE. &c.

(Correspondents not answered feuped may find replies on their queries on other pages, and in som
cases, for various reasons, they may have to Peres over fora future issue. In the case of hybrid careaar
_ a name, the parentage and Y Abstoe ory should always oe briefly stated, for without these details we

ot always able to deal with them efrse am ly.)
“d, Odontoglossum crispum, mers marked, but very small; probably weak
and undev eloped.
f e law of priority does not require the adoption of the earliest name, but the
earliest CORRECT name, which is a distinction with a very essential difference.
B. J. B. Oncidium Forbesii. The autumn is its usual flowering period, but ate: anne
of this group are sometimes erratic in this respect.
Ww. Pha seo Schilleriana, a Philippine species, and if really from is, was.
no doubt bacidvatal
JU Wek A ae siden of Lzelia crispilabia.
Photographs received, with thanks. E. P. C
Received.) B, 0: Oy Wy ke. F.C, J.

STANLEY, ASHTON & Co..

SOUTHGATE,

LONDON. N.,

(RE importing the FINEST ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Colombia produces.

and guarantee all their plants.

All buyers of the true “Native Pacho” should write ; they are promised

fullest satisfaction in advance.

ORCHIDS.

\ VE are continually receiving large im-
portations of

Brazilian and other Orchids,
and will be pleased to quote prices for large
or small quantities.

Spagnum Moss, best quality, at 5/- per Sack.

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$mporters & Growers,
BITTERNE PARK, SOUTHAMPTON.

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| ORCHID REVIE

Hin 3llustrated Monthly Fournal,

DEVOTED. 10 ORCHIDOLOGY.

Contents.
PAGE PAGE
Calanthe vestita and its allies ... ... 340 { Dies Orchidiani ie etc a oe
C. grandiflo ee ae ... 141 | History of Orchid Cultivation . ioc SS
C. labrosa .. ke a ... 141 | Moorea irrorata ... ; wan. 35S,
C. Regnierr jee ne ... 141.| Notes . .-. wes So ves ws E50
Co rosea es ae ... 140 | Notice of Book .. ee
C. rubens ... a as ... 142 | Odontoglossum x Adriane Bijou ieee
C. Se ps ede oe ... 141 | Orchid oer oe ee
5 ... 140 | Orchid Port I
Eglin “of one for May ... 147 | Orchids at Céadon Court, t Coventry . 143
Correspondence, XC. - _.. 160 | Orchids in Season : . 15
Cypripedium Fairrieanum of .». 156 | Societies
Dendrobium atroviolaceum (Fig. 25) +. 152 eapreinreg and North of England
Dendrobi Nestor (Fig. 24) + 445 Orc oes tees
Dendrobium x Schneiderianum (Fig. 23) 137 Royal sHodicaibaal a ae
biu ee at Whetstone, ae
Season. ; ee oe gee

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MANUAL OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS,

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THE ORGHID REVIEW.

— ~ a

VoL. IX.] MAY, Igol. [No. 101.

DIES ORCHIDIANI.

“Dear ARGUS, you have sometimes given us a little Latin dissertation
among your instructive and entertaining notes, and I have sometimes won-
dered if you are aware that the title under which these notes appear is
grammatically incorrect. Latin Grammars and Dictionaries agree that
dies, though sometimes feminine in the singular, is always masculine in the
plural, which would make the correct title Dies Orchidiant.”

Just bok and I may remark that I have long known of the fact. pointed
out, but it so happens that I am not the inventor of the title. Whether it
had appeared anywhere before it was used by the late Mr. James Bateman,

M.A., F.R.S., I cannot say, but in any case “‘ Dies Orchidiane ” was the title
of a series of twelve interesting papers, by ‘‘ Serapias,”’ which appeared in
the Gardeners’ Chronicle between 1862 and 1864, and their authorship has

long been known. — In- adopting that title I overlooked the grammatical
question involved, and now that attention has been galled to the matter
_ it may be as well to amend ate in earet of ara aa

I read Mr. ee article o1 on ‘ Raising ibe Orchids from Seed, ” at page I10,
with great interest, and hope it will stimulate others to give their experi-
ence in this ‘‘ fascinating work,” as it is very well. termed. One derivés a
great deal of help from notes of this kind, in which the different experi-
ments made are described so lucidly.. If Mr. Orpet did not keep a record
of ‘his failures, he at_ all events gives us some useful hints as to what to avoid.
His practice of sowing the seeds on the pots in which’ young seedlings are
growing, ‘rather than on the old parent plants, seems somewhat novel, and
I,think it an excellent idea, for it is easy ‘to see that the conditions in the
seedling house are specially favourable. This, of course, pre-supposes that
some progress has already been made, for one must have young seedlings, if

130 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

not a seedling house, before such a course is possible. But let no one be
discouraged by this remark ; Mr. Orpet was a beginner once, and tried a:
good many kinds of seed-beds besides the old parent plants before he dis-
covered his improved method.

I like his big Don’rin connection with the ‘ immersion business.” If
there is one thing more than another which serves to confuse our records it
is the dipping process. One starts off with a bucket of water and finds,
let us say, a dozen seed-pans getting dry, on which as many different kinds
of seeds have been sown. In goesnumber one and a few seeds are perhaps
floated off, to be captured in turn by number two or some later one. A
little repetition of this process serves to displace an appreciable number of
seeds, some of which afterwards germinate, and thus get an erroneous
record of parentage. Later on, perhaps, one sends the flower, with the
record, to some expert in order to get it named, and he replies, “‘ parentage
impossible.” Mr. Orpet’s cross that has flowered under at least half a
dozen different labels, alas! is not a solitary example. ‘‘ No more dipping ”’
is a good moral: a sprayer or fine syringe should always be used.

I note that Mr. Orpet uses the formula recommended by Mr. Cookson,
‘¢ at every watering,” and that it has “‘ worked wonders ” among the seed-
lings. This may interest Mr. Burberry, who at page 125 of the same issue —
remarks that “ the question of manurial aid to Orchids seems to have been
dropped of late.” A few more “experiences” on this subject would cer-
tainly be interesting. Mr. Burberry seems to deprecate the use of manure
generally; but what is that ‘‘ something” to be added when one is reduced
to the necessity of using “‘ tap-water”? I shall look for an answer to that ©
little question.

Some curious questions of identity keep turning up, and I note that the
Scientific Committee of the R. H. S., at its meeting on April 6th, had some
trouble over a species of Masdevallia, as witness the austere. from its
FEPOEL S—

‘‘ MASDEVALLIA SP.—Mr. Chapman me ten the following species, upon -
which Mr. Rend] rts as follows:—M llia Lowii, Rolfe (Gard. Chron.,
1890, i. 416) is said by Miss Woolward, in her monograph of the genus, on
Consul Lehmann’s authority—‘ who has had the advantage of examining
Prof. Reichenbach’s dried specimens ’—to be the same as M. trinema, Rchb.
f. (Flora, 1886, 538). As M. Lowii was not described till after Prof.
Reichenbach’s death, when his dried specimens could no longer be consulted,
Consul Lehmann’s opinion would seem to be based on memory. A compari-
son of the flower of M. Lowii with the description of M. trinema suggests that

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 131

Mr. Rolfe was justified in regarding his plant as a distinct species. The
sepal tails of M. trinema are said to be much longer than the triangular
bodies, whereas in M. Lowii they seem to be always markedly shorter. The
bidentate tip of the column marks another discrepancy, that of M. Lowii
bearing several fimbriations. Moreover, Reichenbach’s statement that the
dimensions of M. trinema are those of his M. Gaskelliana, points to a
smaller flower than that of M. Lowii.”’

Now this question was dealt with some years ago (Orch. Rev., iii., p. 335),
when Mr. Rolfe, commenting on the same point, remarked :—‘ The species
was described in 1886 . . . . without the slightest indication of its
discoverer, who, Miss: Woolward also says, is ‘unknown,’ but, as Consul
Lehmann remarks, ‘I first found it in 1883’ it would appear that he is the
unknown discoverer, and that it was before the specimens were sent to
Reichenbach that he had the advantage of seeing them—for it is notorious
that Reichenbach’s Herbarium was as much a sealed book to his contem-
poraries during his lifetime as it is now after his death. If this supposition
is correct, the identification must be accepted, in spite of some discrepancies
in the original description ” (which differences are then pointed out).

Now, the question arises, in face of these two somewhat divergent
opinions, what are we to call our cultivated plant? If we call it M. Lowii
we admit M. trinema to be an unknown species, in spite of the fact that its
discoverer, who saw it alive, and collected a few examples to send to
Reichenbach, recognizes the two to be identical. We have plenty of
evidence that Consul Lehmann has an unrivalled knowledge of Masdevallias
in their native habitats, and it is very unlikely that he would mistake so
distinct a species as the one under discussion. The author of M. Lowii
evidently recognizes*this, and gives up his name in favour of the older one,
and, under the circumstances, we cannot do better than follow him.

Mr. Rolfe, however, at the time asked a very pertinent question, namely,
a, whether, in order to secure priority for a name, it is sufficient to write a
description which does not apply, refuse to let anyone see the specimen
during his lifetime, and finally lock it up for a quarter of a century after his
death? If so,” he added, ‘‘ the law of priority becomes an absolute farce.
It is universally conceded that the mere publication of a name does not
secure priority for it. It must be accompanied by a proper description, so
that any competent person may recognize the thing to which it applies.
The spirit of this rule has certainly not been carried out in the present
instance, and it is a rather nice question how far the law of priority
applies to it.”

132 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Before my next notes appear, the Temple Show will again be over, and
I notice that a little novelty will be introduced into the proceedings by the
competition for the Sherwood Silver Cup, which on this occasion is to be
awarded to the best group of Orchids staged by an amateur in a space not

exceeding one-hundred square feet.
ARGUS.

THE HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTIVATION
(Continued from page 72).
WE have spoken of the prominent part which Messrs. Loddiges, of Hack-
ney, took in popularizing Orchid culture in the early part of last century,
and before proceeding further we may mention a few striking species which
were figured in their Botanical Cabinet during the period treated in our last
paper.

Stelis tubata (t. 1601)—which shortly afterwards became the type ofa new
genus, when Lindley re-named it Physosiphon Loddigesii—was collected at
Xalapa, Mexico, in 1828, by Deppe, who sent it to Messrs. Loddiges, and it
soon afterwards flowered in their collection. ;

The now well-known Stanhopea oculata was also figured, under the
name of Ceratochilus oculata (t. 1764), when Messrs. Loddiges remarked :—
‘© We received this extraordinary plant in 1829 from’ Mr. Deppe, at Xalapa,
in New Spain: it flowered in June, 1831,” the author further alluding to
its remarkable structure, the curious ring-like spots on the sepals and petals,
and the eye-like spots at the base of the lip from which its specific name
was derived.

Zygopetalon maxillare (t. 1776) was described as “a native of Rio de
Janeiro: we received it in 1829 from our valued friend Mr. F. Warre:
it flowered in 1831.” The author then remarked :—‘“‘ Almost every impor-
tation from South America contains something new in this increasingly
interesting family. A few years since only two or three species were in
cultivation, and now thay are almost innumerable, while each newly
discovered kind is as diversified from every other, and as marvellous in
its form, as the very first.”

Oncidium crispum (t. 1854) was described as follows:—“ This is a
native of Brazil: it has been lately introduced, and in June, 1832, flowered
with us for the first time, being about two feet in height. The flowers are
elegant in form and of an unusual colour.” ‘

Dendrobium pulchellum (t. 1935) is said to be a native of India which —

had been cultivated for three or four years, ‘and flowered with us for the
first time in February and March, 1833.” It would appear, however, that,
there is some mistake in the record, for the plant is not the D. pulchellum

hs

THE ORCHID REVIEW. : 133
of Roxburgh, and it has since proved to be a native of China. It is now
known as D. Loddigesii.

Cycnoches Loddigesii (t.2000) was described as follows :—‘‘ This extra-
ordinary plant is a native of Surinam : it was sent to us in 1830, by our kind
friend Mr. Lance, and it flowered in May, and again in the winter of 1832.
We have preserved it in the stove, suspended from a rafter, and planted in
moss and broken bits of pots; but it has not yet increased.” It may be added
that the name was given by Lindley, who described the genus from this
very plant. This plate concluded the work, it being remarked that the
artist’s health prevented it being carried on further.

Our last paper brought us down to 1832, in which year Mr. Cattley
died, and his collection passed into the hands of Mr. Knight, of Chelsea.
Orchids were steadily growing in popularity, and it may be remarked that,
in 1833, that young enthusiast, Mr. James Bateman, sent Mr. Colley to
Demerara to collect these plants, with what results we have already seen
(Orch. Rev., vi., pp- 11-12). :

The novelties of 1833 were not very striking from a horticultural stand-
point, and the majority were Brazilian, sent from Rio de Janeiro by Mr.
William Harrison. : 4

First we may mention the pretty little Leptotes bicolor (Bot. Reg.,
t. 1625), the type of a new genus. Lindley remarked :—‘‘ It is to Mrs.
Arnold Harrison that we are obliged for this pretty little plant, which
flowered in her stove in April last. It is a native of the Organ Mountains
of Brazil.”

Cyrtochilum flavescens (t. 1627) is said to have flowered for the first
time in the collection of Richard Harrison, Esq., of Aigburth, who com-
municated a specimen, together with a sketch from the pencil of Mr. Arnold
Harrison. An additional note, to the effect that itis “a native of Mexico,
~ whence it was imported by Mr. Tate about three years ago,” is evidently
erroneous, for the plant is now well-known to be Brazilian. It is now known —
as Miltonia flavescens.

Epidendrum oncidioides (t. 1623) was another Brazilian species from the
collection of Richard Harrison, Esq., also accompanied by a sketch from
Mrs. Arnold Harrison. |

Gongora maculata (t. 1616) was also from the same collection, and it is
stated that it was “ originally introduced from Demerara, 1832, by Mr-
Thomas Moss, of Otterspool. It flowered in the hothouse in May; its
bunches of flowers were two and a half feet long, and hung down grace-
fully from the pot in which the plant was suspended.” Lindley added the
following interesting note :— Many a strange figure has been met with
among Orchideous plants, and numerous are the animal forms which
botanists have fancied they could recognize among their singular flowers.

134 2 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Some are said to bear little men and women swinging below their canopy
of petals ; others have appeared to carry the likenesses of lizards, frogs, and
other reptiles, crouching among their leaves; while some have been com-
pared to Oberons and Titanias hanging by their tiny arms from the bells
where they have concealed themselves. To what the flowers of the plant
now figured can be likened we -profess not to know, unless to some of the
fantastic animals of heraldry; a prene segreant, as they term it, would do
as well as any other for a comparison.”

Lastly may be mentioned Oncidium Harrisonianum (t. 1569), whose
history is thus given by Lindley :—

“‘ This very distinct species was discovered on the Organ Mountains of
Brazil by Mr. William Harrison, of Rio de Janeiro. We have taken the
- liberty of ‘naming it aftera family more distinguished than any other for the
number of species they have introduced, and for the success with which
they have cultivated them. Whenever Horticulture shall again find a
historian, he will have to record the period when the difficulty of cultiva-
ting tropical Orchidez, which was once considered insuperable, was success-
fully overcome. In such a history the names of Mr. William Harrison, of
Mrs. Arnold Harrison, and of Mr. Richard Hatrison, will stand among the
foremost. . . . Our figure has been madefrom a drawing and caries |
communicated by Mrs. Arnold Harrison in October, 1832.”

In the Botanical Magazine for 1833 a few novelties were also figured,
including Epidendrum Harrisoniz (t. 3209) and E. pygmeum (t. 3233), two
Brazilian species from the collection of Mrs. Arnold Harrison, which had
been sent home by her brother at Rio ; Bletia acutipetala (t. 3217), a native
of South Carolina, which flowered at the Liverpool Botanic Garden ; Cata-
setum trifidum (t. 3262) from the Glasgow Botanic Garden, and Pleuro-
thallis prolifera (t. 3261) a Brazilian species from the collection) of the Hon.
and Rev. W. Herbert. ;

Perhaps the most remarkable addition of 1834 was Epipendrum bicornu-
tum (Bot. Mag., t. 3332), a plant now known as Diacrium bicornutum. It
flowered in Earl Fitzwilliam’s collection, at Wentworth, in April of that
year, and Mr. Cooper stated that it was introduced {rom Trinidad by
Messrs. Shepherd, of Liverpool. Ccelogyne flaccida was also figured in the
same work (t. 3318), having been sent home by Dr. Wallich, and flowered
in the collection just named. Bletia Shepherdi (t. 3319) is a native of
Jamaica, and had been cultivated for some time at the Laverpocs Botanic
Garden before its distinctness was fully recognized. ee

The Botanical Register for 1834 also contains several novelties, ao
among them Batemannia Colleyi (t. 1714) and Grobya Amherstize (t. 1740),
each of which represented a new genus. The former was “sent from
Demerara to James Bateman, Esq., by Mr. Colley, his collector in that —

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 135

country, who has just returned from a successful mission with a consider-
able number of epiphytes which are new to our gardens.” The latter was
sent from Brazil by Mr. Hayne, and flowered in the collection of the
Countess Amherst, at Montreal, in September, 1834. The genus was named
in compliment to the Right Hon. Lord Grey of Groby, “a munificent
patron of Horticulture, and a most zealous cultivator of Orchideous
epiphytes.”

Oncidium alien (t. 1699) now appeared in cultivation for the first
time, being “‘ procured in a living state by Richard Harrison, Esq., from
whom the beautiful specimen now figured was received in March last.” A
note by Lindley shows the progress being made in Orchid culture. Speaking
_ of the attempts being made to cultivate the plants in something like their
native atmosphere, he added :—‘‘ That this is attended with very great
success in obvious from the numerous splendid specimens which are from
time to time appearing in the collections of Earl Fitzwilliam, Lord Grey of
Groby, The Messrs. Harrison, Bateman, Huntley, Loddiges, and Knight,
and the Horticultural Society.”

Other species new to cultivation figured in the work are :—Monachan-
thus discolor (t. 1735), introduced from Demerara by Mr. Colley, and
flowered in Mr. Bateman’s collection ; Liparis guineensis (t. 1671), a native
of Sierra Leone, which flowered in the Horticultural Society’s garden ;
Acanthophippium bicolor (t. 1730), a remarkable Ceylon plant from the
same collection; Dendrobium aggregatum (t. 1695), which flowered in the
collections of Mr. Bateman and Mr. Richard Harrison; the handsome
Madeiran Orchis foliosa (t. 1701) which flowered with Messrs. Young &
Penny, of Milford, near Godalming; and Catasetum luridum (t. 1667)
which flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, in September, 1833, and _ shortly
afterwards with Mrs. Arnold Harrison who died before the figure
was published, for Lindley speaks of ‘‘ our amiable and much lamented
coirespondent, the late Mrs. Arnold Harrison, whose truly splendid
collection of Orchideous epiphytes has been added to the stock of Mr.
Knight, of the Kings Road.”

The year 1835 was marked by the appearance of at least two Orchids
which are still among the most popular inmates of our houses, namely
Vanda teres and Lelia anceps, both of which were figured in the twenty-
first volume of the Botanical Register, together with no less than twenty-
eight other species of various kinds, the majority of which were new.
Vanda teres (t. 1809) was one of the numerous species of which living
plants were brought to England by Dr. Wallich, on one of his visits home,
and the drawing was prepared from a plant that flowered in the Duke of
Northumberland’s collection at Syon House, and was described as a
‘‘ superb epiphyte.” Lelia anceps (t. 1751} was imported from Mexico by

136 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. Loddiges, and flowered in their collection in December, 1834. It was
described as ‘‘ one of the most interesting of the tribe that has yet made its
appearance in our stoves.’’ Other plants from the last-named collection
were Oncidium citrinum (t. 1758), a native of Trinidad; Bletia reflexa
(t. 1760), a Mexican species; Lepanthes tridentata (t. 1762), from Jamaica ;
. Angreecum micranthum (t. 1772), a Tropical American plant now known as
Campylocentrum micranthum ; A. distichum (t. 1781) from Sierra Leone ;
Pleurothallis Grobyi (t. 1797) which flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, but
was introduced from Demerara by Mr. Bateman, who named it in compli-
ment to Lord Grey of Groby; Maxillaria densa (t. 1804), a Mexican plant
now known as Ornithidium densum; Eulophia lurida (t. 1821), a native of
Sierra Leone; Pleurothallis picta (t. 1825), introduced from Demerara (not
improbably by Mr. Bateman); and Dendrobium densiflorum (t. 1828),
another of Dr. Wallich’s introductions. Among the others figured we may
mention Brassia Lanceana (t. 1754) and Macradenia triandra (t. 1815),
both introduced from Surinam by Mr. Lance, and flowered in the Horti-
cultural Society’s collection; Epipendrum gracile (t. 1765), a native of the
Bahamas, which flowered in the same collection; Oncidium Lemonianum
_ (t. 1789), from Havannah, and Maxillaria crocea (t. 1799) from Rio de
Janeiro, both of which flowered in the collection of Sir Charles Lemon, at
Carclew; the handsome Maxillaria cristata (t. 1811)—now known as
Paphinia cristata—and Fernandezia acuta (t. 1806), both from Trinidad,
which flowered in the collection of Mr. Knight, of Chelsea; Myanthus
barbatus (t. 1778), a native of Demerara, which flowered with Mr. Low, and
shortly afterwards at Chatsworth and in the collection of Mr. Willmore, of
Oldfield, near Birmingham; and, lastly, a remarkable Brazilian plant
which flowered in the collection of Lord Fitzwilliam, and was figured as
Monachanthus viridis (t. 1752), but is now known to be the female of
Catasetum macrocarpum.

A few interesting additions were also figured in the Botanical Maventes
in 1835, among which we may mention the handsome Dendrobium densi-
florum (t. 3418), from the collection of Lord Fitzwilliam; Epipendrum
stenopetalum (t. 3410) from the Glasgow Botanic Garden, and Maxillaria
Deppei (t. 3395), now known as_ Lycaste Deppei, from the collection of
Lord Fitzwilliam at Wentworth.

It is evident that at this period Orchid aaltee was rapidly growing in
popularity, and it may be added that we are now only a year distant from
what Mr. Bateman has termed the annus mirabilis of Orchidology, which
will be considered in our next paper.

(To be continued)

_—_—

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 137

DENDROBIUM x SCHNEIDERIANUM.
OurR present illustration represents a plant of the beautiful Dendrobium xX
Schneiderianum, from the collection of E. O. Schneider, Esq., Whalley
Range, Manchester, which was exhibited at a meeting of the Manchester
Orchid Society on March 7th last, and to which, we learn, a First-class
Certificate was given. The photograph was taken by E. P. Collett, Esq., ,

Fic. 23.—DENDROBIUM X SCHNEIDERIANUM.

of Charlton-cum-Hardy, to whom we are indebted for the opportunity of
figuring it. It is a hybrid between D. Findlayanum ¢ and D. aureum ¢,
and first flowered in 1887. The stems show an approach to the nodose
character of the seéd parent, and the flowers are fairly intermediate in
character, with a strong approach to D. aureum in the velvety texture and
cr mson veining of the disc. :

138 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID NOMENCLATURE.

** ARGus”’ and Mr. Rehder have on pages g7 and 112 each given me some
hints, and I will reply to them together. ‘‘Argus’”’ says, ‘‘on the whole
the arrangement has worked well.” As this matter seems at present to
. turn upon the accuracy of the names of plants submitted to the committee
no one can deny that the series of paintings have materially benefited the
working of the arrangement. Before these were instituted it was all
memory, and consequently partly confusion; and even now they are not
enough in themselves alone, for properly prepared lists of all species and
varieties should be made and kept up to date so that any old variety could
beat once detected did it chance to appear under anew name. For not com-
forming to the rules, at present known by so very few exhibitors, one can
hardly blame anybody, as without any ‘official record but the “ Certificate

List ” of the R. H. S., how is one to know what names have been given

previously ? For many things there are that are not in that select list of
good things (many, too, that ought to be there).

* I grant that ‘‘Argus”* would find the registration an insuperable one. I

- know how laborious a work it is to enumerate the ever-increasing “‘ novel-
ties’ in Odontoglossums alone, to say nothing of recording the introductions
of the Hybridist in Cattleya, Lelia, and allied genera; but up to the present
I think I have not found it too great a task. My great want is that, when I
am at the Drill Hall, the majority of my labours and material are at Rose-
field. Were all this done at a ‘‘ Central Institution ” all the material would
be at once available, and all genera being treated alike, the mass of -infor-
mation would be of infinite value. Being but a specialist myself I cannot
undertake what I know nothing about, and thus, two of the great orders,
Cypripedium and Dendrobium, are to me only dim, misty matters. I do.
not for a moment suggest that to a great many others they are not as
clear as daylight, but they have not their materials at hand more than I
have. We all need the’ same things with us, viz., the result of our
researches. .

Regarding my ‘‘ Monograph of Odontoglossum crispum,” which ‘‘ Argus”’
refers to as my promised list, it was after long consideration abandoned,
for I found that some people considered too much information would
be therein contained, and as I did not intend to present it all over
the Orchid World, I did not care to undertake a certain loss. A list of
names and bare details, such as is contained ina Certificate list, would
hardly meet the case to my satisfaction, but my compilations are a great aid
to myself and friends.

Ido not enumerate the new varieties of Cattleya Trianz, therefore
cannot reply to “‘ Argus’s”’ question. I should, however, think the list he

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 139

refers to has more than doubled since it was made by Mr. Rolfe ; Mouak I
do not think many of the later comers are very much different from their
predecessors. It is different with Odontoglossums; their markings lend so
much variety ; hybridity also lends more; and no two of all the numerous
forms named could be mistaken for each other were they once seen in bloom
together, even if their labels were changed, and then again shown to the
person theoretically blindfold.

Mr. Rehder’s suggestion could be worked out well toa very successful
issue, andif it was given a fair trial, on the substantial basis of a guarantee, I
have no doubt that the Society—or call it what you will—could be worked,
and would grow to be an Institution of a very important nature in, and
have great infl ence upon, this most interesting culture. I am afraid there
are some Societies, or at least one, which could not be ‘‘combined.’”” My
idea is, not to combine the Societies, but to combine the records, and in that
way to protect the Societies, and through them the individuals, and thereby
to aid them so as to be able to tell them what at present they do not know,
that is all that has been done by others. His ideas as to amplification of
Certificates have been many times suggested before, and in due time I think
even the R. H. S. must add some other distinctions to its B.C.; F.C.C.;
and A.M.—they are not enough. The difficulty of refusing a F.C.C. to the
best of anything that has appeared oftentimes comes before the R. H. 5S.
Committee now, and will recur more so in the future.

If people will only take a little more interest in the matter, it will soon
become a fact. A few years ago there was not a Manchester Society. It is
an accomplished fact now. De B. CRAWSHAY.

The nomenclature of varieties which is again under discussion is a very
important matter to many of us. With such a popular and variable species
as Odontoglossum crispum we must have some means of distinguishing the
different varieties, and the only way is to name them. Each of us can do
this for his own collection very satisfactorily, but the result will not always
bear inspection at the Drill Hall or at Manchester. Most of us would be
glad to avoid making confusion, but the trouble is that no one seems to
know all the varieties that have been properly named, and so we have to get
our plants named as best we can. We certainly ought to have a register of
varieties, and I think the best way to set about this would be for the owners
of certificated plants to send a flower of each to the Editor, asking him to
note it, and preserve it for future reference, and he would then soon be able
to give us some useful comparisons. We want more light on this question,
and I for one am prepared to support such a scheme, but I do not think a
special society is required for the work. Lux.

140 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

If a register was practicable of the names of all described or certificated
flowers, and only those entered which were recognized—or rather the first
to be recognized—on payment of a small fee, perhaps that would meet the
case. Something of the kind should be done. R.

CALANTHE VESTITA AND ITS ALLIES.

THE question of the distinctness or otherwise of some of the Calanthes of
the vestita group has again cropped up. Of late several of them have been
lumped under C. vestita, but the result was not very satisfactory, and the
appearance of C. rubens some years ago showed the necessity of a re-
examination of the materials. The result has been to show that there are
seven distinct forms, some of which vary considerably in colour, though at
the same time retaining their own individual characteristics, as in the case
of the genus Cattleya. To treat them as mere varieties only introduces
needless complications; they are closely allied species, having their own
characters and variations. The following is a brief outline of the group :—

_ C. vestita (Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 250), though discovered by Dr.
Wallich, in Tenasserim, as long previously as 1826, was not introduced to
cultivation until 1848, when Dr. Kane, of Exmouth, sent it to Messrs.
James Veitch & Sons, of Exeter, from Moulmein, together with the variety
rubro-oculata. It was exhibited by Messrs. Veitch, at a meeting of the
Horticultural Society, held in Regent Street, on November 7th of that
year, and was awarded a large Silver Medal. Messrs. Rollisson, of Tooting:
soon afterwards introduced it from the same district, when it was figured in
the Botanical Magazine (t. 4671). It has a short, ovoid pseudobulb, large, soft,
plicate leaves, which die away before the scapes appear, and comparatively
large white flowers, with a four-lobed lip, which is yellow at the base in the
original form—sometimes called var. luteo-oculata—and reddish purple in
the variety rubro-oculata. :

C. RosEA is a nearly allied species, which was discovered in Moulmein
by Thomas Lobb, and sent to Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, who flowered
jt at Exeter in December, 1851. It was described by Lindley (Paxt. Fl.
Gard. iii., p. 35, t. 81) as Limatodes rosea, under which name it was long
known, until Bentham showed that it was a true Calanthe, nearly allied to
C. vestita. It differs specifically in having longer, more slender pseudo-
bulbs, which are markedly constricted about the middle, and smaller, rose-
coloured flowers. with an entire lip, and a much shorter spur. Messrs.
Hugh Low and Co. afterwards received it from the Rev. C. Parish, when it
was figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 5312). Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.
are said to have since imported it from the Langkawi Islands, off the West
Coast of the Malay Peninsula, which is apparently confirmed by it having

THE ORCHID REVIEW. Saas

flowered in the collection of A. Worsley, Esq., of Isleworth, in a batch of
bulbs which also yielded C. rubens, a species known to grow in this locality
(Orch. Rev., iv., p. 84). ;

C. TurNERI is a plant which seems to have got into cultivation without
having been regularly described. According to Messrs. Veitch, who intro-
duced it, it was also sent by Thomas Lobb, from Moulmein, at about the
same time as the preceding, and was named in compliment to Mr. J. A.
Turner, of Pendlebury, near Manchester (Veitch, Man. Orch. vi., p. 71). Its
history was given by Mr. James Douglas in 1878 (Gard. Chron., 1878, ix.,
p. 105), its habitat being given as Java, which appears to be a mistake. It
differs from C. vestita in having a larger, more slender pseudobulb, which
is constricted just above the middle, and in having rather smaller flowers,
which appear later in the season. The flowers are white, with a :ed-purple
blotch at the base of the lip, or pure white in the variety nivalis.

C. GRANDIFLORA is a remarkable form, which was first described as pe
vestita igneo-oculata (Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1876, v., p. 534). Itisa
native of Borneo, and flowered in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence,
Bart., Burford, Dorking. In 1886 it was figured in the Orchid Album \(v., t.
211) under the name of C. vestita oculata gigantea; and in 1889 as C. vestita
grandiflora (Rev. Hort. Belge, xv., p. 121, with plate), though in the text
(p. 122) it is called C. v. gigantea. Itisa much more robust plant than C.
vestita, and retains its leaves until the flowering period, in March or April,
after which it commences to grow again without resting. The roots are
also said to remain plump, instead of dying off, as in C. vestita. The
flowers are very large, and cream-white, with a fiery red blotch at the base.
Beccari also collected it in Borneo, whence also Mr. (now Sir) Hugh Low
also sent a very fine painting. i

C. LABROSA (Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1883, Xix., p- 44) was sent to
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea, in 1878, by a correspondent in
southern Burma, and was at first described under the name of Limatodes |
labrosa (Rchb. f., /.c., 1879, xi., p. 202). The pseudobulbs are long and
narrow, constricted in the middle, and the flowers smaller than those of C.
vestita, the sepals and petals light yellowish brown, tinged with purple
inside, and the lip broad, obscurely lobed, light rosy purple with some
small darker spots, and white at the base. It is very rare in cultivation.

C. ReGNIERI (Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1883, xix., p. 274) is a native of
Cochin China, and was introduced by M. Regnier, of Paris. In the pseudo-
bulbs it much resembles C. Turneri, and it blooms at about the same period,
but the flowers are smaller, very variable in colour, and the lip less deeply
lobed, with the two front lobes often united at the base. The typical form
is figured in the Garden (1883, xxiv., p. 46, t- 397), and has the sepals and
petals white, and the lip rosy carmine, with a darker blotch at the base. Of

142 . THE ORCHID REVIEW.

named varieties may be mentioned, Williamsii (Orch. Alb., ili., t. 34), having
the sepals and petals pencilled with rose; Stevensii, white with a rose-
coloured blotch at the base of the lip; and Sanderiana, flowers bright
Tose pink throughout.

C. RUBENS, the latest addition to the group, was discovered by
Mr. Curtis in the Langkawi Islands, and was described in 18go (Ridl. An
Gard. Chron., 1890, vii., p- 76). The author suggested that it had probably
been previously been mistaken for C. rosea. Before this was known in
cultivation some plants were distributed by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., which
were said to have been collected in Borneo, by M. Fournier, of Marseilles,
and these were described as C. vestita Fournieri (Rolfe, in Gard. Chron.,
1892, xi., p. 488), which afterwards proved identical with the preceding.
This batch of plants included forms ranging from pure white through
blush-pink to deep rose-pink. Other plants which also proved identical
were said to have come from Cambodia, but these localities seem to require
_ confirmation. A remarkably similar form has since been sent from the
Philippines by Loher. Mr. Ridley has since pointed out that the Langkawi
plant includes forms varying in colour from white or cream to deep rose
(Journ. Linn. Soc., xxxii., p. 331). The white and blush forms are now
known as vars. alba and delicata, respectively (Orch. Rev. iv., p. 85. This
species is most allied to C. Regnieri, but has considerably smaller flowers,
which appear at about the same period.

R. A. ROLFE.

DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM AT WHETSTONE,
EDGBASTON. |

A MAGNIFICENT show of this lovely species was to be seen here during the
latter end of April. A score or so of splendidly grown plants were then well
in bloom, forming quite a pretty sight. One grand variety shone out far
and away superior to the others. It has probably few, if any, equals in
cultivation. We begged a couple of flowers to send you, the measurements
of which are 4 inches across from tip to tip, and the lip and petals »
exactly 14 inches across. [Two splendid flowers.—Ep.] Chance and
individual blooms sometimes come a great size, but in this case the
pseudobulbs are carrying many such gigantic blooms, which is an annual
Occurrence. One enormous plant, and also a fine variety, had no fewer than
225 flowers. These plants, we understand, have been seven years in
cultivation and are better now than ever. Who shall say that D. Wardianum |
is bound to deteriorate after this ? Evidently the gardener, Mr. MacDonald,
does not think so. Capitally bloomed examples of the beautiful Miltonia
Phalznopsis were also conspicuous. EA, By

é

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 143

ORCHIDS AT COUNDON COURT, COVENTRY.

GUIDED principally by the Orchid notes in the Gardeners’ Chronicle, our
steps instinctively turned at the earliest possible opportunity in the direc-
tion of the above address, the pretty country place of George Singer, Esq.
Those able notes prepared us to some extent for the pleasure of seeing a good
and well-grown collection of Orchids, but we are bound to admit that the
actual pleasure exceeded our most sanguine expectations, and the temptation
of asking permission to take a few notes of the same for the ORCHID
REVIEW was irresistible. |

Cypripediums here are an exceptionally strong point, but few, if any, of
the very best hybrids and species being unrepresented. And how they
grow! The oft heard expression, ‘‘ They grow like cabbages,”’ will probably
convey the best description. It was positively refreshing to look at them,
the healthy, luxuriant, stand up foliage being perfectly clean and undefaced,
telling atale of perfect happiness and contentment. That the house—
which is a lean-to one having asouth-west aspect—suits them as to position,
and that the treatment meted out to them is excellent, is placed beyond
doubt. Several grand varieties were in flower looking more majestic,
standing out as they did from such bold, towering spikes, than ever. Grand
plants of rarities were noted, amongst which may be mentioned C. xX Ger-
trude Hollington, C. x Muriel Hollington, C. insigne Sandere, C. i. Hare-
field Hall var., C. bellatulum album, C. Charlesworthii album, C. x A. de
Lairesse, C. X Lord Derby, C. x Hyeanum, C. x H. var. Surprise, C. X
Gratrixie, C. X Penelope, C. X Gillianum, C. X Charles Richman, C. X
Chapmanii, C. x Prewetti; C. callosum Sandere, and C. Lawrenceanum
Hyeanum, which is enough to show how much the genus is here prized.

Passing on we enter the Cattleya House, and here also our eyes rested
on objects of excellence. Rare hybrids and albinos were strongly repre-
sented, and thriving with as much freedom as the ordinary species, increas-
ing their number of strong new breaks freely, a conclusive proof of healthy
vigour. This house is a span-roofed one, and of a handy, workable size,
having a centre step stage, on which Orchids in our opinion always look so
well. Grand specimens of C. Mossiz Wageneri and C. M. Reineckeana,
C. chocoensis alba, C. Skinneri alba, C. Eldorado Wallisii, C. intermedia
alba, C. Trianz alba, C. labiata alba, and C. Gaskelliana alba, were noted,
as also a large number of other specially named varieties of species and
hybrids, a few of which were C. x Princess, C. X Wendlandii, C. x
weedoniensis, Lelio-cattleya x Admiral Dewey, L.-c. x Lady Wigan,
L.-c. X Macfarlanei, Lelia X Mrs. Mary Gratrix, C. labiata Sir George
White, and C. Mendelii elegantissima, a relic of the famous Downside
Collection.

144 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Next we enter the flowering house, where a capital show of Orchids
was arranged. Most striking is the rare Cattleya Triane Amesiana, a fine,
bold flower with sepals and petals pure white and light rose lip. Another
gem is C. T. Coundon Court var., a very large bloom of great substance
and an enormous dark lip. C.T. Godiva is smaller but a perfectly round-
shaped flower with a full and brilliant lip to correspond, C. Schroeder
Neptune has a very large flower with sepals and petals a delicate blush
white and lip streaked with dark rose—a very distinct variety. Other
noticeable things in the show were two distinct and pretty varieties of
Cymbidium Lowianum, fine specimens of Lzlia Jongheana, a number of
new Phaius crosses, and some very pretty Dendrobium crosses. But
perhaps the most wonderful of all from a cultural point of view were two
enormous specimens of Schomburgkia tibicinis in spike. These grow
exceptionally well; and we could scarcely identify them as the same
species. They are placed here to flower but are grown in a stove house
hard by.

In a spacious corridor connecting the foregoing houses with others are
a fine lot of Cattleya Dowiana aureaand C. Warczewiczii gigas suspen-
ded from the roof, also Vanda ccerulea and white varieties of Lelia anceps,
this being found from experience the position where they thrive best.

Various ranges run from this corridor; one isthe inevitable Cool house, and
here Odontoglossum crispum and allied sections are likewise rich in beauti-
ful and rare varieties. Nor do they occupy any secondary position in point
of culture. Their requirements are equally well understood, resulting, of
course, in fat, plump pseudobulbs, perfect foliage, and stout flower spikes.
We are unable through want of space to enumerate many fine varieties
seen and greatly admired, all of which were in a very fine condition.

Another house is almost entirely devoted to Phalzenopses, and these
again’it would be hard to beat for uniformity and excellence of culture.
The district of London has the reputation for growing this genus better
than other districts, and in this we agree; still it would be difficult to find
in London a better lot. This is saying a great deal, for the simple reason
that these plants bloom annually, whereas the London grown plants rarely »
do so, on account of the smoky fogs. Rare and costly hybrids were here,
such as P. X intermedia Brymeriana, P. x i. Portei, P. x Lady Roths-
child, P. x Schilleriano-Stuartiana, and P. x casta.

In other departments were fine examples of Angraeecums, Dendrobiums,
Ccelogynes, &c., and we left perfectly satisfied with our visit, and satisfied
also that the master is an enthusiastic Orchid collector, and that the
gardener, Mr. Collier, isa grower of Orchids

HALE

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 145

DENDROBIUM xX NESTOR.
DENDROBIUM X NEsToR, which is represented’in the annexed figure, is a
very handsome hybrid which was raised in the collection of C. Winn,
Esq., The Uplands, Selly Hill, Birmingham, from D. Parishii ? and
D. superbum anosmum ¢, and flowered for the first time in 1892
(O’Brien in Gard. Chron., xi., p. 718). It has retained much of the dwarf
character of the seed parent, but the flowers are considerably enhanced in
size, being three inches in diameter, while the colour isa brilliant glossy
‘rose-purple, with a large deep purple-crimson blotch on each side of the

Fig. 24. DENDROBIUM X NESTOR.

throat. Thus it may be said to combine the best characters of both the
parents. It has the peculiar rhubarb scent of both its parents, which are
intimately allied in general characters, though so distinct in size and in
their geographical distribution. __Its general character is well shown in the
photograph. It still seems to be rare in cultivation, and is probably not
propagated with such facility as some of those partly derived from D.
nobile, but it appears to have a very good constitution, and is certainly a
very handsome thing.

146 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

NOTICE OF BOOK.

The Amateur Orchid Cultivator’s Guide Book. By H. A. Burberry, F.R.H.S.
Third edition. 8vo, pp. 182, with four coloured plates and numerous
illustrations. Blake & Mackenzie, Liverpool, 1900.

A third edition of this useful little work has just appeared, and we may
congratulate the author upon the success which has attended his efforts to
popularize this charming family of plants. The purpose for which the work
was originally intended is described in the preface as ‘‘ that of a text book
conveying to the beginner information calculated best to assist him to take
up, with reasonable chances of success, the beautiful study of Orchids and
their culture,” and the fact that asecond edition is exhausted shows that it
has not failed in its mission. The work forms a very useful stepping-stone
to the larger manuals already in use, and we think that Mr. Burberry has
been well advised in not departing from his original programme. The only
additions which we notice are short chapters entitled, ‘‘ Results of further
experience, or the Amateur’s Orchid House,” and on the “ Culture of
Odontoglossum crispum,” which, it is hoped, may be of service. We need
only add that, not only beginners, but those who have already made some
progress in Orchid culture will find much that is worthy of careful perusal
in this useful work.

ODONTOGLOSSUM x ADRIANA VAR. BIJOU.

A VERY curious little Odontoglossum has flowered in the collection of
J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate. Mr. Bradshaw writes :—I
enclose the most diminutive crispum I have ever seen. The plant has
small bulbs and seems a pigmy, but is very healthy. It is flowering for the
second time, and last time was the same. It came from an importation out
of which I also had O. Hunnewellianum and some O. x Adriane.” It
is certainly a very peculiar form, and, though most like O. crispum, has the
appearance-of being a hybrid. The flowers measure scarcely two inches
across the petals, which are white and unspotted, and the sepals have each :
one to four partially confluent brown spots about the centre, with a large
blotch on the lip, in front of the crest. In colour it entirely resembles O.
crispum, but the size and shape of the flower, some details of the crest, and
the short column, with its nearly entire wings, show such a marked resem-
blance to O. Hunnewellianum as to suggest that it is a hybrid between the
two species. The markings of O. Hunneweilianum are largely obliterated,
just as are those of O. gloriosum in certain forms of O. x Andersonianum : ;
and hybrids are notoriously variable.

KR. Aw.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 147

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MAY.
By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

WiTH the growing season now fully upon-us, it is important not to leave
anything undone that will contribute to free and healthy growth. The
warm growing kinds must have sufficient heat-and moisture afforded to
ensure a steady progress. They naturally require a good amount, but they
can have too much. Do not, therefore, try to expedite matters at an
express rate by continually maintaining a high degree of temperature quite
independent of the weather. Work hand in hand with the weather
prevailing, letting things jog along quietly and uninterruptedly when the
Jatter is inclement, but when favourable turn it to the best account.

The following figures are given as a guide to the summer temperatures :—
~ East INpiAN House.—Day, without sun, 70° to 75°; with sun it may
rise to go° or even higher. Night 65° to 70° ; and it may fall as low as 60°
by the morning, doing no harm if only for a short period.

CATTLEYA OR INTERMEDIATE HousE.—Day, without sun, 65° to 70°;
with sun 70° to 85°, or even higher if the weather is very warm.

Coot House.—This should now be kept as cool as it is possible to keep
it, both day and night.

FIRE HEAT.—Happily, for the next few months the need for this will
not be great. The Cool department should have none. The Intermediate
houses will require it occasionally only, principally during cool, sunless days
and cool nights, when a little may still be advantageous. The same, of
course, must be said regarding the Warmest Houses. Whenever it is
required, be very careful that enough only is employed—not too much—
remembering that it is always harmful when it can be done without, and
that Orchids never do so well as when it is entirely absent.

SHADING.—This must now be strictly attended to, or cases of scalding
will very quickly ensue. Excepting for the few species which are known to
prefer the bright light—and some were mentioned last month—I preter to
shade rather heavily. Russian garden mats are not any too thick, and make
a lovely subdued light. They should, of course, be removed in dull weather
and at night. It is acapital plan during exceptionally scorching days to
use these mats as an additional shading to the ordinary roller blinds for the
majority of Orchids, and more particularly so for the inmates of the Cool
houses. For the midsummer months a good plan is to have painted on
the glass athin permanent shading of summer cloud or whitewash, in
addition to the roller blinds. It prevents many mishaps, and is at the
same time greatly appreciated by the plants. There is no necessity then
for continually lowering and raising the blinds in choppy weather. The
sun, too, has sometimes an awkward habit of popping out just when not

148 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

expected, and when no one may be at hand to quickly let down the: blinds-
The knowledge of a preventative from immediate danger is at such times a
great relief. i

DAMPING AND WATERING.—The process of distributing water between
the pots and about the house, by means ofa syringe or hose pipe, must now
be done at the very least twice a day. Three times will not be too many.
It keeps the atmosphere moist, which is most important during the whole
of the growing season. The syringe should also be freely used amongst the
plants overhead, but for this purpose tepid soft water should be used. As
regards the watering at the root it will now scarcely be possible to go far
wrong by giving over-much, as is the fear during the winter. Water well
when the surface looks dry. It must be borne in mind, however, that plants.
re-potted during the spring, and the compost consequently light and
porous, will require rather more frequent. supplies than others which have
only been top-dressed. This is on account of the compost of the
latter, having become more closely settled down, being less. accessible to:
the influence of the air.

VENTILATION.—There. are times, of course, when it is perfectly
necessary to open the top ventilators to prevent an over-heated and
stifling atmosphere. They should, however, be opened with a. good deal.
of caution, principally making use of those on the leeward side, so that the
moist, growing atmosphere is not needlessly rushed away. Houses should
always have ample means of bottom ventilation. The ventilation at the
ends of the house should be opened before having recourse to the top ones.

FLOWERS SPOTTING.—This is a frequent source of annoyance, the chief
cause of which is the damp atmosphere necessary for the growth of the
plants, and it is bound to occur as soon as the warmth from the pipes is
discontinued during the nights. The only possible preventative is to main-
tain a slight warmth in the pipes with, at the same time, a gentle circulation
of air. It isa pity to lose a fine show of Odontoglossums through spot,.
and the little warmth necessary to avoid such a loss can scarcely have
any ill effect from a cultural standpoint for a few weeks while the chief show
ison. This is where the usefulness of a show or flowering house comes in,
which can be kept at the right atmospherical condition for preserving ‘the
flowers in a perfect state.’ Often one may see beautiful Cattleyas during
the summer spoilt nearly as soon as they expand, only through the cool.
moisture at night, which, on the other hand, is so advantageous to growth.

RE-POTTING.—Do as much of this work as is possible during this
month. Some few Dendrobiums still remain to be done, and should now
be attended to. D. Phalaenopsis is one, and it is a species which is really
best if done annually. Keep it to very small receptacles, and use a compost
of chopped sphagnum and finely broken peat, well. mixed. together with.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 149

broken charcoal ; lay it in very lightly and settle the surface down with the
rose syringe immediately. It grows best in the hottest house, and when in
full growth loves.large supplies of water. The foregoing also applies to D.
formosum, now just pushing forth, as also to D. superbiens and D. bi-
gibbum. D.thrysiflorum, densiflorum and allied species, having now bloomed,
should also be re-potted if they require it. About once in two or three
‘years is quite often enough for these, as also some of the other strong-grow-
ing kinds, such as D. Dalhousieanum, D. calceolus, and D. fimbriatum and
its variety oculatum. They are grown well in pots. D. Dalhousieanum
does well in strong heat, but the others named are better for a more
intermediate kind of temperature.

Phalznopses, Saccolabiums, Aérides, Angrecums, and such like East
Indian house species, if still undone, should now be attended to, being very
careful not to injure the new roots. If pots are used, perforated ones are
tthe best. Teak wood cylinders are splendid things in which to fix them.
Surface with a thin light layer of sphagnum moss, and henceforth water
liberally, so that the moss grows freely. If it is necessary in the course of
attending to these species to release the old roots from their grip, they
should first be soaked in a bucket of tepid water, when they will easily peel
off as will also the roots of any species grown on blocks when a fresh block
is required, as for instance Cattleya citrina and Oncidium Papilio.

The beautiful Cattleya superba is a basket Orchid, and does best when
grown in the warmest house, as also does C. Eldorado. Both are partial
to large supplies of water when growing. C. Lawrenceana also does better
with such extra warmth, and likes plenty of moisture, always providing
that the roots are in perfect condition, and the compost sweet and porous,
otherwise it is apt to contract disease and rot. Now is an excellent time to
do the necessary re-potting. Baskets or cylinders are really the best, next
to which come perforated pots. C. Bowringiana is just starting, and should
also be done. This grows freely enough in intermediate temperature, and
when Once potted in good materials lasts for several years, simply because
it is a species which does not require so much water at the root. When
potting, elevate it well above the rim, as the new growths havea tendency to
drive downwards.

Top DreEssinc.—This operation is of greater importance than is often
thought. It is frequently done for the sole purpose of giving a neat and
fresh appearance, which undoubtedly it does, but the great benefit derived
therefrom is that by breaking away the hardened crust or surface makes |
‘way for the ingress of air drawn in by the water, which then again freely
passes through. Ease off as much of the old compost as can possibly be
removed without unduly disturbing the roots, and replace with a very thin
layer of sphagnum moss laid lightly on. Do not press it tightly in with a

150 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

pointed stick and afterwards trim off closely with a pair of scissors, as iS
often done, or you again replace the evil.

As to the query what to add to hard tap-water to cause it to become
somewhat of the nature of soft rain or pond water, it is largely a matter of
opinion. When forced to use such water direct I have been in the habit of
adding either a pinch of guano or a small bag of soot thereto. It must,
however, be done very sparingly or not done at all. I prefer an open tank.
outside, which should be filled and left exposed for a day or two before
using, stirring in it a few spades full of garden soil and decayed leaf soil,.
and allowing it to settle, which brings it more to the nature of pond water,.
and is safer than either soot or guano.

SOCIETIES.
MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
THE meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on April 4th, was
again a very successful one, the awards including fourteen First-class.
Certificates and eight Awards of Merit.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), staged a group of
fine things, which gained a Silver-gilt Medal. First-class Certificates were
awarded to Cattleya Schroedere alba, Lzlio-cattleya x callistoglossa mag-
nifica, and Odontoglossum X loochristiense, and Awards of Merit to O. X
Wilckeanum superbum and Cattleya Schroederz reticulata.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), also received:
a Silver- -gilt Medal for a choice group. First-class Certificates were given to
Dendrobium xX Sybil superbum and D. x Snowflake, and an Award of
Merit to Cypripedium x giganteum.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Buty. (gr. Mr. Rogers), gained a
similar award for a choice group, containing among other things Dendro-
bium X Apollo album and D. nobile Wrigleyanum, each of which was.
awarded a First-class Certificate.

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Bank House, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), sent a
neat little group, to which a Vote of Thanks was given. First-class Cer-
tificates were given to Odontoglossum crispum Charlemagne and O. x
loochristiense King of the Belgians.

S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. G. Cobar: sent a few fine
things, gaining First-class Certificates for Dendrobium xX Luna and Lycaste:
, Skinneri alba, and an Award of Merit for Lelia purpurata Victoria.

A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse),
gained a First-class Certificate for Miltonia x Bleuana grandiflora.

E. O. Schneider, Esq., Whalley Range, received an Award of Merit
for Dendrobium x Leechianum.

Mr. W. Holmes, Timperley, staged a nice group, which received a Vote

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 151

of Thanks, his plants including the handsome Dendrobium Xx Dalhou-
nobile and D. X Staffordi, each of which gained a First-class Certificate.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, staged a fine group, to which a Silver
Medal was given, noteworthy among them being Cattleya Triane Ida and
Lelia Jongheana Robson’s var., each of which gained an Award of Merit.

Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, also gained a Silver Medal for a fine group.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Cottingley, Bingley, received a Vote of Thanks for a
nice group, containing amongst others Dendrobium nobile High View var.,
to which an Award of Merit was given.

Messrs. James Backhouse & Sons, York, also received a Vote of Thanks
for a nice group. a

In our last month’s report, the name of Mr. McLeod was given as
' gardener to S. Gratrix, Esq. It should have been Mr. George Cypher, who
was appointed to the post a few months ago.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

Tue first meeting of the month was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham
Gate, Westminster, on April gth, when there was a fine display of Orchids,
among which Dendrobiums and Odontoglossums were especially prominent.
The members of the Orchid Committee present were :—H. J. Veitch,
Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. E. Ashworth, H. Ballantine, W. A. Bilney,
H. J. Chapman, J. Colman, de B. Crawshay, E. Hill, H. Lattic, G...3s
Lucas, H. T. Pitt, W. Thompson, E. J. Thorne, H. A. Tracy, W. H.
White, W. H. Young, and J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.).

W. A. Bilney, Esq., Fir Grange, Weybridge (gr. Mr. Whitlock), staged
a magnificent group of Dendrobiums and other things, which was awarded
a Silver-gilt Flora Medal. Besides the Dendrobiums there were also fine
examples of Cattleya Schilleriana, C. Lawrenceana, C. citrina, Lelia
harpophylla, Sophronitis grandiflora, and Lycaste Skinneri alba.

De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Stables), exhibited
a collection of fine Odontoglossums, including several O. triumphans, O.
x Adriane Theodora, O. x Andersonianum Juno with hexagonal markings,
O. x Ruckerianum rosefieldense, and O. X Hallio-crispum. The large
and handsome O. triumphans Lionel Crawshay received a Silver-gilt Flora
Medal. O. X Denisonz nebula, having white flowers, with small, cloudy
spots on the petals, received an Award of Merit, asdidalso O. x loochristiense
Mrs. de B. Crawshay, with large flowers, having a large, chestnut-red blotch
on each of the sepals and a few smaller ones on the petals.

W. Thompson, Esq,., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), received
a Silver Banksian Medal for a fine group of Odontoglossums, including O.
triumphans Premier, O X Wilckeanum Stevensii, O. X W. concinnum, a
finely-blotched form of ©. crispum, and Cochlioda vulcanica grandiflora.

152 ) THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Staines (gr. Mr. Ballantine), was
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a collection of cut spikes, including O. x
Andersonianum, with a branched spike of over forty flowers, O. X Leeanum,
O. X excellens dellense, O. x Wilckeanum Queen-Empress, O. ramosis-
simum, a curious form of O. X Ruckerianum with confluent red blotches,
and Lelia Jongheana.

Major Joicey, Sunningdale Park, Sunningdale (gr. Mr. Thorne),
exhibited a group of fine plants, most of which were of Dendrobium

Fig. 25. DENDROBIUM ATROVIOLACEUM.

atroviolaceum, for which a Silver-gilt Flora Medal was awarded. One of
the plants, about eighteen inches across, bore 125 flowers. There were also
good examples of Diacrium bicornutum, Pescatorea Klabochorum, Cattleya
Schroederz, Odontoglossum hastilabium, and Cymbidium Lowianum.
H.T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), was awarded
a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group, including Cymbidium x eburneo-
Lowianum with five spikes, Epidendrum x O’Brienianum, E. sceptrum,
Galeandra Devoniana, Cattleya Schroederez, Lelia purpurata, ee acca

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 153

fastuosum, A. leonis, Dendrobium nobile, and some good Odontoglossums.
Miltonia vexillaria gigantea, Rosslyn variety, a large and richly-coloured
form, received an Award of Merit.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook),
showed fine examples of Cypripedium xX ciliolare-Rothschildianum, C. Xx
Miss Louisa Fowler, Odontoglossum X Adriane, and Lelia Jongheana.
First-class Certificates were given to Laelia Jongheana Ashworthie, a fine
albino with silvery white flowers and the usual orange coloured disc to the
lip, and to Cattleya X Miss Harris var. E. Ashworth (C. Mossie ? X C.
Schilleriana 3), the latter having a purple-rose flower, witha darker lip and
a tinge of yellow in the throat. |

H. F. Simonds, Esq., Beckenham (gr..Mr. Day), sent a good form of
Odontoglossum x Andersonianum and O. x Adriane Mrs. Simonds, the
latter, a fine yellow form with a brown spot on the dorsal sepal and several
small spots on the lip, receiving an Award of Merit.

R. B. White, Esq., Arddarroch, Garelochead, exhibited Odontoglossum
x Ruckerianum Mrs. R. B. White, a fine form having cream coloured
flowers tinged with rose, with the sepals and petals ay spotted with
dark red, which received a Award of Merit.

F. Crisp, Esq., Friar’s Park, Henley (gr. Mr. Knowles), received a
Cultural Commendation for a large Lycaste Skinneri, with thirty flowers.

J. B. Joel, Esq., Northaw House, Potters Bar, received a Cultural
Commendation for a magnificently-grown plant of Cypripedium Roths-
childianum with two spikes, having seven flowers in all.

J. F. Alcock, Esq., Northchurch, showed Cypripedium X Fraseri.

W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle, Hull (gr. Mr. Barker), sent Cattleya
Mendelii The Pearl, a white flower tinged with pink, two good forms of
Cattleya Schreedere and C. x fimbriata vernalis (Mossia X fimbriata).

Mrs. Haywood, Woodhatch (gr. Mr. Salter), sent Dendrobium X
Cybele, Lelio-cattleya x G.S. Ball (L. cinnabarina x C. Schroederz), and
L. c. X Haywoodii.

Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Chapman), showed
Odontoglossum X Adriane, O. X Andersonianum, and Cypripedium
_ Niveum.

C. A. S. Ryland, Esq., Barford Hall, Warwick (gr. Mr. Jones), sent
some good hybrid Cypripediums.

R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham (gr. Mr. Black), sent a good form of
Dendrobium X Euryalus.

Messrs. J.. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a fine group, which received
a Silver Flora Medal. It included a fine series of spring-flowering species
and hybrids, specially noteworthy being Lelio-cattleya xX Digbyano-
Trianz and an interesting group of Epidendrums. These were the original

154 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

E.- Wallisii and E. Endresii, the primary hybrid between them, E. X
Endresio-Wallisii, which, again crossed with E. Wallisii, yielded E. x
elegantulum, of which several varieties were shown. This again crossed
with E. Wallisii produced E. X Clarissa, which is also very variable, one -
beautiful form of which, E. X C. superbum, received a First-class Certifi-
cate. The sepals and petals were yellow, tinged and spotted with purple,
and the lip violet. Masdevallia x Alceste (Asmodia ¢ X Veitchiana 3),
with large flower, dark red in colour, with the orange-coloured giound show-
ing in places, received an Award of Merit.

AT the meeting held on April 23rd, there was a splendid show of Orchids,
several fine groups being staged. There were present of the Orchid Com-
mittee :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. T. W. Bond, H. J.
Chapman, W. Cobb, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas, J. G. Fowler, E. Hill,
J. W. Odell, H. T. Pitt, H, M. Pollett, J. W. Potter, F. A. Rehder, H. A.
Tracy, W. H. White, W. H. Young, and J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.).

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford (gr., Mr. White), staged asmall
group of fine things, and was awarded a Silver Banksian Medal. It included
Odontoglossum crispum Stevensii, O. c. pardalinum, with fine purple spots,
O. X mulus, Dendrobium X micans Euryalus, and Lelia x aurantiaca.
An Award of Merit was given to O. luteopurpureum Burford variety, with
large, heavily-blotched flowers ; and the much fringed lip primrose yellow,
blotched with brown in front of the crest.

De B. Crawshay. Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr., Mr. Stables), was
awarded a Silver Flora. Medal for a fine group of well-grown Odonto-
glossums, including O. x Hallio-crispum rosefieldense, O. triumphans
Imperator, with olive green blotches, and other good forms. An Award of
Merit was given to O. X Adrianz Crawshayanum, a handsome flower of
perfect shape, with the blotches arranged in irregular zones and the lip
handsomely crisped.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Stamford Hill (gr., Mr. Thurgood), was awarded a
Silver Flora Medal for a nice group, including Miltonia Roezlii, M. vexill-
aria, Trichopilia suavis, some good Cattleya Schroeder, Galeandra Devon-
lana, a Lycaste Skinneri with broad sepals, and some good Odonto-
elossums.

J- Colman, Ben, Gatton Park (gr., Mr. Bound), showed a nice group, |
and was awarded a Silver Banksian’ Medal. It included Odontoglossum
triumphans, O. Rossii majus, O. luteopurpureum radiatum, some good O.
Hallii, including O. H. leucoglossum, O. x Andersonianum, Lycaste
Skinneri alba, Oncidium sarcodes, Epiphronitis x Veitchii, Cymbidium
Lowianum, C. eburneum, C. X Lowio-eb , and others.

R. B. White, Esq., Arddaroch, Garelochead, cxhiataad a fine group of

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 155

cut examples of Odontoglossum crispum, and was awarded a Silver
Banksian Medal. It contained also O. X Andersonianum, O. luteo-
purpureum, O. X Wilckeanum and Cattleya Schroedere.

G. Singer, Esq., Coundon Court, Coventry (gr. Mr. Collier), exhibited
Cypripedium x W. R. Lee and C x Shillianum. A First-class Certificate
was awarded to Odontoglossum luteopurpureum Coundon Court variety, a
large and very richly coloured form, the spike being nearly three feet in
length.

W. Cobb, Esq., Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), showed a good
Odontoglossum triumphans. An Award of Merit was made to Oncidium
Marshallianum sulphureum, a beautiful yellow form in which the usual
brown Spotting was nearly suppressed, being only present as a greenish
shading.

W. M. Appleton, Esq., Weston-super-Mare, exhibited a good Cypri-
pedium X Vipani.

G. W. Bird, Esq., West Wickham (gr. Mr. Redden), showed a good
Odontoglossum x Andersonianum.

A. S. Hitchins, Esq., St. Austell, sent a pretty natural hybrid Odonto-
glossum, believed to bea form of O. X elegantius.

Lord Llangattlock, The Hendre, Monmouth (gr. Mr. Coomber),
exhibited Cypripedium xX Lady Llangattlock (C xX selligerum ¢% X Cc
Lawrenceanum 3), with a fine well-shaped flower.

Sir Jas. Miller, Bart., Manderston, Duns. (gr. Mr. Hamilton), sent a_
fine Lzelio-cattleya x Lady Miller (L. cinnabarina X C. Schofieldiana).

Sir Wheatman Parsons, Paddockhurst, Crawley, Sussex (gr. Mr.
Wadds), sent Odontoglossum triumphans and Cattleya Lawrenceana, one
of the latter plants having three spikes bearing twenty-five flowers.

J. S. Moss, Esq., Wintershill, Bishop's Waltham (gr. Mr. Kench),
showed a good plant of Odontoglossum luteopurpeum. |

F. A. Rehder, Esq., Gipsy Hill, sent Cypripedium x Ida.

Col. Shipway, Chiswick (gr. Mr. Walters), sent a good Masdeyallia
Schlimii.

H. F. Simonds, Esq., Beckenham (gr. Mr. Day) showed two good
Cyrtopodium punctatum.

Mr. T. Rochford, Turnford Hall Nurseries, Broxbourne, was awarded a
Gold Medal for a magnificent group of two hundred Odontoglossums,
mostly forms of O. crispum, all splendidly grown. We noted O. c.
Bonnyanum, O.c. Trianz, O. c. xanthotes, O.c. The Gem, O. X loochris-
tiense, and O. X Rochfordianum (Pescatorei X crispum), also some good
Oncidium concolor. An Award of Merit was given to O. Wilckeanum
Turnford Hall variety, a very fine form with light yellow ground, the sepals.
having large, dark brown blotches, and the petals and lipa few small similar

156 THE ORCHID REVIEW’.

‘spots. An Award of Merit was also given to O. crispum Edward VII, a
well-formed flower, tinged with light rose, and blotched with reddish-purple
on the inner halves of the segments.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea, were awarded a Silver Banksian
Medal for a nice group, containing plants of Lelia x Latona, a good .
plant of L. x Digbyano-purpurata, having large, lavender-coloured flowers
with a large fringed lip veined with purple, Cattleya intermedia alba,
Lzlio-cattleya X highburyensis, Odontoglossum X elegantius, and others.
An Award of Merit was given to Lelio-cattleya x Cybele (L-c. X
Schilleriana X C. Trianz), a handsome hybrid with lavender tinted sepals
and petals, and a three-lobed lip, white at the base, the disc primrose
yellow, and the front lobe marbled and veined with bright crimson purple.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, were awarded a Silver
Banksian Medal for a nice group, containing a fine plant of Dendrobium
Devonianum with twelve pseudobulbs bearing over three hundred flowers ;
a good plant of D.thyrsifloruam, D. Findlayanum, D. Brymerianum, D.
chrysotoxum, Cattleya intermedia nivea, C. Schroedere, C.S. aurantiaca,
Phaius X Cooksoni, P. X Norman, Odontoglossum cirrhosum, Oncidium
concolor, Lycaste Skinneri alba, and others:

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Sons, Holloway, received a Bronze Banksian
Medal for a group containing some fine plants of Vanda suavis, V. tricolor
superba, Calanthe Sanderiana, two good plants of Cymbidium Devonianum,
C. X eburneo-Lowianum, Dendrobium Wardianum album, D. nobile, Ada
aurantiaca, Odontoglossum Pescatorei, O. crispum, O. triumphans,
Masdevallia Shuttleworthii, Cattleya Mendelii, Cypripedium villosum, C.
Boxallii nigrum, C. x Measuresianum, and others.

Mr. Ed. Kromer, West Croydon, showed Lycaste lanipes and Angraecum
ichneumoneum.

Mr. J. Douglas, Edenside, Great Bookham, sent cut spikes of Phaius

X Cooksoni and P. X Norman.

At page 121 of our last issue it was recorded that Lelia Jongheana
Kromeri received an Award of Merit. It should have been a First-class
Certificate.

CYPRIPEDIUM FAIRRIEANUM.—In 1870, there was in the collection of
L. Van Houtte a stock of the charming Cypripedium Fairrieanum, of which
specimens were retailed at ten francs each. To-day there remains only a
single growth of this rare and favourite species, valued at from six to eight
hundred francs or even more.—O. Ballif in Chronique Orch., p. 317.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 157

ORCHIDS IN SEASON. :

DENDROBIUMS have been making a brilliant display of late, and the
numerous beautiful varieties and hybrids which have recently appeared have
introduced an amount of variety which could scarcely have been antici-
pated a few years ago. A beautiful seriesis sent by Mr. James Cypher,.
Cheltenham. It includes the chaste D. nobile virginale and some beautiful
coloured forms of the species, some good forms of D. X Ainsworthii and
the remarkably variable D. X Rubens, D. X Cybele, D. x Pitcherianum,
a very fine form of D. aureum, the beautiful D. Wardianum candidum, and
a few other good things in excellent condition. -

A beautiful example of D. Wardianum is sent from the collection of
Mr. John Holland, Wonham, Bampton, by Mr. Stacey, the flower measuring .
44 inches across, and all the segments broad and splendidly developed; also.
a richly coloured form of Odontoglossum triumphans, and a flower of a
hybrid raised from Lelia cinnabarina ? and Cattleya Lawrenceana 3,
which is a richly coloured form of Lezlio-cattleya x highburiensis.

A very interesting series of Dendrodiums and other Orchids is sent by
Mr. Jones, gardener to E. J. Lovel, Esq., Oakhurst, Oxted, Surrey. It
contains a fine D. Wardianum, a richly coloured D. crassinode, and the
beautiful natural hybrid between the two known as D. X Waltoni, two
good forms of D., Findlayanum, one of which has the sepals and petals:
quite rose-pink in colour, the pretty little D. Devonianum, two forms of D.
aureum, others of D. nobile, of which the variations seem to be almost
without limit, and a few examples of D. X Ainsworthii. There. are also
two pretty forms of Cattleya Schroedere, a handsomely spotted form of
Odontoglossum crispum, in which the markings afe pretty evenly distributed
over all the segments, also a nearly pure white form, a flower of O.
cirrhosum, and the brilliantly coloured Lelia cinnabarina, Masdevallia
ignea, and Sophronitis grandiflora, the whole forming a very charming
little group.

Another beautiful series of Dendrobiums is sent from the collection of
O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, by Mr. Rogers. It includes.
several good forms of D. nobile, and among them the charming D. n..
virginale, D. n. Ballianum, D. n. murrhiniacum, D. n. nobilius, and D. n..
Wrigleyanum, a distinct and pretty blush-white form, having the disc of the
bright purple without any of the usual maroon colour, which was exhibited
at the Manchester Orchid Society’s meeting on April 4th last. Among the
hybrids are the richly coloured D. X Socius, D. X Pitcherianum, D. X
Ainsworthii intertextum, the charming D. X Wiganiz, D. Juno, D. X Luna,.
and two forms of D. X Rubens, one being the variety albens, and having.
the flowers nearly white, with the exception of the maroon disc.

158 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A very dark and heavily marked form of Odontoglossum X Denisone
is sent from the collection of N. C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-
Tyne. The sepals are dark, blackish purple, broken up witha few light
yellow markings, and the petals are very handsomely blotched with the
former colour. Two forms of O. X excellens are also sent, and a small
form of O. crispum in which the blotches on the sepals and petals are
aggregated together just above the middle.

A very fine and brightly coloured form of Lelia Boothiana is sent from
the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., Chamonix, Teignmouth, which serves
to remind us that for some reason this plant is not very often met with in
first-rate condition, indeed it seems to be less common in cultivation than
it ought to be, considering its beauty and distinctness. A flower of the
handsome Odontoglossum sceptrum is also sent.

Two very beautiful forms of Cattleya Schroedere are sent from the
collection of W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., of Hessle, near Hull, by Mr. Barker,
one of them having a particularly deep orange-coloured lip. This Cattleya
is an extremely beautiful one, its delicate blush-pink flowers being very
graceful in shape, and as fragrant as heliotrope.

MOOREA IRRORATA,
A FINE plant of this remarkable Orchid has just flowered at Kew, producing
two spikes which bore respectively sixteen and eight flowers. It is part
of the original Glasnevin plant from which the genus was described about
eleven years ago (Rolfe in Gard. Chron., 1890, viii., p. 7), which, curiously

enough, got into cultivation without any clue to its origin, except that it was

purchased as Lycaste gigantea, which suggests for it a habitat somewhere
on the eastern slopes of the Andes, somewhere between Ecuador and
Venezuela. It is believed to have been introduced by Messrs. Shuttleworth,
Carder & Co., for a fine leaf and inflorescence of the same species were
found in a small collection of dried Orchids which was presented to Kew,
but the specimen was unlocalized. The original spike bore thirteen flowers,
and in March, 1892, it threw up two spikes, one of which was exhibited at
a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, and was awarded a First-class
Certificate. It was also figured in the Gardeners’ Chronicle, (1892, xi., p. 489,
fig. 73), and Botanical Magazine (t. 7262). It is a noble and handsome
‘Orchid, and bears two very broad plicate leaves at the apex of the pseudo-
bulbs, and erect flower-scapes, about two feet high. These come up with
and close to the sides of the young growths, both having separate basal
sheaths. The flowers are about 2} inches in diameter, with the sepals and
petals of a peculiar orange-brown shade except at the base, where they are
yellowish white, and the lip light yellow, spotted with red on the front lobe

>

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 159

and crest, and transversely barred with deep purple brown on the side lobes.
The genus is allied to Houlletia, but differs in various structural details.

‘The Kew plant is part of the original one from Glasnevin, and we believe

that these are the only plants known in cultivation, or at all events which
have flowered. The genus was dedicated to Mr. F. W. Moore, the able

.curator of the Glasnevin Botanic Gardens.

NOTES.

THE next meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on May 7th, when the Orchid
Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.

The Great Annual Flower Show will be held in the Inner Temple
Gardens, Thames Embankment, on May 22nd, 23rd, and 24th. Class 24
is devoted to Orchids, and as on previous occasions Silver Cups and
Medals will be awarded according to merit. The Orchid Committee will
meet at 11 o’clock a.m.

On this occasion the Sherwood prize—a Silver Cup value ten guineas,
presented by N. N. Sherwood, Esq., V.M.H. and Past Master of the
Worshipful Company of Gardeners—is offered for the best collection of
Orchids shown by an amateur in a space not exceeding 100 square feet.
Entries must be sent to the Secretary eight days before the show.

The last number of the interesting little Dictionnaire Iconographique des
Orchidées contains figures of Calanthe vestita rubro-oculata, C. x Veitchil,
Catasetum xX splendens var. Lindeni, Cattleya Harrisoniana alba, C.
Walkeriana, the charming Chondrorhyncha Chestertoni, Cypripedium X
Minos var. Youngii, Lzlio-cattleya x Herode, Masdevallia erythrochete,
Oncidium tigrinum var. Montefiore, Stenorrhynchus speciosus vat.
maculatus, and Zygopetalum rostratum.

A good form of Dendrobium x Pitcherianum is sent from the collection
of Eustace Smith, Esq., of Wylam-on-Tyne. It was purchased as an
imported D. nobile, but has the marked character of this hybrid, especially
in the coloured disc of the lip being restricted to the basal part only. The
apex of the lip and upper part of the sepals and petals are bright rose-
purple, giving the flower a very effective appearance.

A flower of the charming albino Paphiopedilum X Maudiz is sent from

- the collection of T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield. We need not

repeat its history, but refer our readers to page 17 of our January. issue,
where its portrait may also be found.

160 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Mr. W. J. Stables, who was for six years in his father’s nursery at
Ulverstone, and five years in the Orchid houses of A. J. Hollington, Esq.,
Forty Hill, Enfield, has been engaged as Head Gardener and Orchid
Grower to De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks. :

Mr.if. Rowley, formerly foreman at Longford Castle Gardens,
Poltallock, Waddesdon, and during the last two years Orchid Foreman at
Blenheim, has been engaged as Head Gardener to the Hon. Voilet
Monckton, Busbridge Hall, Godalming.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.
ANGRCUM FASTUOSUM.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xlii., p. 297, with fig.
C@LOGYNE PANDURATA.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xlii., p. 275, with fig.
C@LocyYnE VEITCcHII, Rolfe.—Bot. Mag., t. 7764.
CYPRIPEDIUM EXUL, Major JoICcEy’s vAR.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xlii.,
pp- 310, 311, with fig.
. CYPRIPEDIUM X LATHAMIANUM VAR. LATISEPALUM.—Lindenia, t. 732.
DENDROBIUM HOOKERIANUM, Lindl.—Lindenia, t. 730.
EPIDENDRUM PRISMATOCARPUM.—Gartenwelt, 1901, p. 290, with fig.
GALEANDRA BaTEMANH, Rolfe.—Lindenia, t. 729.

_ Lara JONGHEANA KROMERI.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xlii., p. 319, with fig.
LIPARIS TRICALLOSA, Rchb. f.—Gard. Chon., 1901, xxix., p- 225, fig. 85.
MASDEVALLIA DEORSUM, Rolfe.—Bot. Mag., t. 7766.

MoorEA IRRORATA, Rolfe.—Gard. Chron., 1901, xxix., p. 248, fig. 94,
95; Journ. Hort., 1901, xlii., pp. 275, 277, with fig.
ODONTOGLCSSUM CRISPUM PURPURASCENS.—Gard. -Chron., 1go1, xxix.,
- Pp. 233, fig. 88; Journ. Hort., 1901, xlii., p. 275, with fig. VAR. QUO VADIS.—
Lindenia, t. 731. VAR. RossENDALE.—Gard. Chron., IgOI, XXix., p. 249,
fig. 96.
VANDA TERES.—Gartenwelt, 1901, pp. 289, 291, with fig.

CORRESPONDENCE. &c.

te ee i not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in som
cases, for various reasons, they may have to stand over for a future issue. In the case of hy brid Leading
. sent hs name, the parentage and history s erie si be briefly stated, for without these details we
are not always a é to deal with them satisfac 4

ee es rates loi a sit sith broad segments. The species varies.
enormously.

W. B. Dendrobium tortile. |

A. H. Apparently one of the numerous forms of Dendrobium x Rubens.

W.S. Oncidium insculptum.

J. R. We should say from Paphiopedilum x Harrisianum and P. Druryi. Next month.
EB. K. Angraecum ichneumoneum. |

Portraits received with thanks. E. P. C., I. B.

Several notes are unavoidably held over until next month.

STANLEY, ASHTON & Co.-
SOUTHGATE, | LONDON. N.,

Gq importing the FINEST ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Colombia produces.

and guarantee all their plants.

All buyers of the true “Native Pacho” should write ; they are promised

fullest satisfaction in advance.

FOR SALE.

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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

woe Ix]. JUNE, Igot. [No. 102.

DIES ORCHIDIANI.

FORTUNE continues to smile on the Temple Show, and the fourteenth annual
gathering has again been a great success. Favoured by fine weather from
first to last—almost ideal weather for the time of year—the crowds of
visitors were apparently as great as ever, and the plants were in excellent
condition. Of course one Temple Show is much like another; the same
exhibitors, the same old places, and pretty much the same combinations of
species ; but the conditions under which the show is held, and particularly
the limited space, do not admit of much variation in the way of arrange-
ment, though if this tends to greater selection in the way of exhibits it is
not an unmixed evil. There are two circumstances which help to keep the
Temple Show popular: it is the great annual reunion, which draws kindred
spirits together, to compare notes, renew old acquaintances, and make new
ones; and there is the certainty of finding a good show, with a certain
number of novelties or varieties. Novelties will always be a source of
attraction, and the supply is likely to continue, for before the importer had
slackened his hand the hybridist had taken the matter up, with the result
that there are thousands of seedlings in existence whose flowering is only a
question of time, and almost every day serves to strengthen our confidence
in what the ultimate result of all this activity will be.

But to return to the present Temple Show. Even all Temple Shows
are not alike, and on the first hasty look round I soon discovered that there
was something missing. For the first time, so far as I can remember, there
was no group from the President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, and what that
means can easily be imagined by those who ‘have seen the rich and varied
collections staged in former years. No other collection would have been
so much missed, for in no other are those interesting botanical rarities se

162 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

well represented, and I hope their absence on this occasion may prove to be
only an exceptional circumstance.

The Sherwood Silver Cup, offered on this occasion for the best collection
of Orchids staged by an amateur in a space not exceeding one hundred
square feet, was won by Sir Frederick Wigan with a superb group, in which
richness and variety combined with good culture and tasteful arragement to
_ form a very charming picture, of which details will no doubt appear in your
report. One of the plants was a very remarkable novelty, namely, a hybrid
between Lelio-cattleya x Aphrodite and Lelia Digbyana, called Leelio-
cattleya X Edgar Wigan, to which a First-class Certificate was given.- It
is a first-rate addition to a group of hybrids which seems likely to occupy a
very prominent position in a few years’ time, namely, those from Lelia
Digbyana, whose remarkable fringed lip singled it out some years ago asa
very promising subject for the operations of the hybridist, and the results
are now gradually coming to hand.

Speaking of novelties reminds me that these were rather below the aver-
age in point of numbers, which is perhaps partly due to the fact that it is a
jittle too early for many of the hybrid Lelio-cattleyas, of which so many are
now reaching the flowering stage. One other very remarkable one, how-
ever, was sent by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., which gained an Award of
Merit. This was Lzlio-cattleya x Ivernia, derived from L.-c. X callisto-
glossa and Lelia tenebrosa, which, fine as it is, gave evidence that the plant
is far from fully developed, and it will be surprising if it does not gain the
higher award on some subsequent occasion. It is said that about sixty
plants were entered for Certificates from the Orchid Committee, but of
these not a fourth were successful, for the list of awards contains three
First-class Certificates, eight Awards of Merit, and one Botanical Certificate.
_ This, however, affords no very exact criterion of the meritorious exhibits
shown, as a good many for various reasons were not “entered ” for Certifi-
cates, and I believe that the best Orchid in the show would be ignored
under such circumstances. I noticed also that two plants gained Cultural
Commendations—a kind of award which I should like tosee more appreciated,
for such awards carry a personal distinction to the grower, especially when
the subject is a difficult one to manage. That they are not very highly
appreciated will, I think, be admitted, and in any case I note that in the
Manchester Orchid Society’s Rules they count as equal to a Botanical Cer-
tificate in value, gaining one point, while an Award of Merit counts as two
points, and a First-class Certificate, as no less than four—an arrangement
which scarcely does justice to the cultural side of the question.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3 163

I see that the Manchester Society are making an alteration in their rules
with respect to First-class Certificates. A resolution was adopted at the annual
meeting the other day—‘* That one First-class Certificate only be awarded
to any one distinct plant, and that, if desired by other owners of plants
which have been previously certificated, a warrant shall be given under the
direction of the Committee, stating that the plant or plants exhibited by
them are similar to those which have been awarded a F irst-class Certificate
by the Committee.” The rule apparently does not apply to other awards,
and I shall be rather curious to see how it works, and whether this “‘ warrant”
will also carry four points in the competition.

Last month I alluded to the vexed question of manurial aids to Orchids,
and intimated that I should look for Mr. Burberry’s reply as to the ‘‘some-
thing ” that was to be added to tap-water to make it of the nature of soft or
pond water before using. And now we have it (p- 150). Mr. Burberry
says :—“‘It is largely a matter of opinion. When forced to use such water
direct I have been in the habit of adding either a pinch of guano ora small
bag of soot thereto. It must, however, be done very sparingly or not done
at all. I prefer an open tank outside, which should be filled and left
exposed for a day or two before using, stirring in a few spades-full of garden
soil and decayed leaf soil, and allowing it to settle, which brings it more to
the nature of pond water, and is safer than either soot or guano.”

Now I begin to see where we are. Mr. Burberry has often cautioned us
against the use of manure, in spite of what seemed clear evidence in its
favour, and I think he once told us that if it seemed beneficial at first there
was a woful falling away afterwards, and the last state of the plants was
worse than the first or unmanured state. On the contrary Mr. Hamilton
has told us :—‘‘I have proved again and again that one handful of guano
in a 150-gallon tank improves Dendrobes, Cattleyas, Lzlias, Coelogynes
and—who would think it ?—Odontoglossums even.” —(Orch. Rev., v., p. 359).
Mr. Cookson, too, has for years been using small quantities of ammonium
phosphate and potassium nitrate to the water used when the plants are
growing or producing flower-spikes, and has no doubt of its beneficial
results (Orch. Rev., vii., .p. 144). And now Mr. Orpet says that Mr.
Cookson’s formula has worked wonders among his seedlings. But the
point I was coming to is Mr. Burberry’s advice, which amounts pretty much
to this. Use soft or pond water for your Orchids; it contains the manurial
elements they require. If you can only get tap water, which does'nt, so
much the worse for you, but you can add a pinch of guano or soot to make
up the deficiency, or you may stir in a few spades full of garden soil and leaf
mould, which is safer still.

164 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

And now I think I may venture on a little advice. Find out what
“manurial aid” your Orchids require—“ Feeding ”’ is the term Mr. Cookson
uses, and I think it is a better term—also find out the proper time to apply
it, and then see that they get it. If your water contains all they want
ready to hand don’t put more in; it is unnecessary and might do mischief,
besides being wasteful. If your water does not contain what they want,
find out what it is, if you can, and put itin. It is no good starving your
plants almost to death, and then complaining that they are “‘ bad doers.”
On the other hand, don’t give them a lot of things they don’t want, not yet
what they do want in too strong doses or too great quantities. Give your
plants what they require—even if you have to call it manure—and they will
thrive ; neglect it, and you will soon see the difference.

; ARGUS.

THE HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTIVATION

: (Continued from page 136).
THE Botanical Register for 1836 contains figures of thirty-one Orchids, of
which at least eighteen were novelties, and a few others new to cultivation.
It may be remarked here that both the twenty-first and twenty-second
volumes of this work are dated 1836 on the title-page, but the dates on the
plates show that the former covers the period from March, 1835, to
January, 1836, and the latter from February, 1836, to the end of the year,
and it is to the latter volume that the following notes refer. All the later
volumes coincide with the years, and it was previously overlooked that this
does not apply to the earlier volumes. Several of these novelties were very
striking ones, and include Angreecum caudatum (t. 1844), introduced from
Sierra Leone by Messrs. Loddiges, and flowered in their Nursery in August,
1835, being cultivated on a piece of wood; Trichopilia tortilis (t. 1863),
introduced from Mexico in the previous year, and flowered in the collection
of George Barker, Esq., at Springfield, Birmingham; Zygopetalum cochleare
(t. 1857), a native of Trinidad, which flowered with Mr. Knight in August,
1835; Oncidium Russellianum (t. 1830)—now known as Miltonia—which
flowered in the Duke of Bedford’s collection at Woburn, having been brought
from Brazil by the Hon. Capt. Roos; Aspasia variegata (t. 1907), a South
American species received from Mr. Knight in February, 1836, and sub-
sequently from Mr. Bateman; Myanthus deltoideus (t. 1896), a Demerara
species, which flowered in the collection of Richard Harrison, Esq., in
October, 1835; Bifrenaria aurantiaca (t. 1875), also from Demerara, and
flowered in the Duke of Devonshire’s collection at Chiswick at the same
time as the preceding; Epidendrum armeniacum (t. 1867) a Brazilian
species received’ from Messrs. Rollisson, of Tooting, in June, 1835; E.

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THE ORCHID REVIEW. 165

clavatum (t. 1870), said to have been “ introduced along with Trichopilia
tortilis and Mormodes atropurpurea ” by Mr. John Henchman, for Messrs.
Low & Co., of Clapton, and flowered with Lord Grey of Groby; E.
Skinneri (t. 1881), which flowered in the collection of James Bateman, Esq.,
of Knypersley, in January, 1836, having been sent to him ‘“‘in the summer of
1835, from the neighbourhood of Guatemala, by his most excellent friend,
G. U. Skinner, Esq., to whose enthusiasm in the cause of science he is
indebted for many new and interesting plants ”’; Ionopsis tenera (t. 1904),
brought from Havannah by Captain Sutton, and flowered with Sir Charles
Lemon at Carclew in May, 1836; and several others, among them being
Mormodes atropurpurea (t. 1861), imported from the Spanish Main in
1834, and flowered in the collection of John Willmore, Esq., of Oldford,
near Birmingham. The latter was a new genus, and its name was derived
from mormo, a goblin, in allusion to the strange shape of the flowers.

Nor must we forget the handsome Oncidium Lanceanum (t. 1887), just
previously described and figured in the Tvansactions of the Horticultural
Society (ser. 2, ii., p. 100, t. 7). It was one of a considerable number of
Orchids brought to London in 1834 by Mr. J. H. Lance, on his return
from Surinam—where he had resided for several years—and presented to
the Society. Lindley remarks that when it was ascertained that among
Mr. Lance’s plants theré existed an Oncidium with violet-coloured, sweet-
scented flowers, great interest was excited, and no means were spared to
ensure its successful cultivation. Many plants were soon distributed, one
of which blossomed in the hothouse of the Messrs. Loddiges, and another
shortly after in that of the Society. A still finer one flowered with Messrs.
Rollisson, of Tooting, from which the Botanical Register figure was mades
The plant was dedicated to Mr. Lance, to whom the Society’s Large Silver
Medal was awarded, in recognition of “the importance of Mr. Lance’s
¢ndeavours to introduce new plants to this country.”

_ Eleven Orchids were also figured in the Botanical Magazine for 1836, of
which three were new. First may be mentioned the handsome Epidendrum
macrochilum (t. 3534), introduced from Mexico by Charles Horsfall, Esq.,
in whose fine collection at Everton it flowered in June, 1836. The drawing
was communicated by Mrs. Horsfall. The plant afterwards proved identical
with E. atropurpureum, Willd., described from dried specimens. Peristeria
pendula (t. 3479) ‘“‘ was imported with many other rarities from Demerara,
by John Allcard, Esq., in whose stove at Stratford Green it flowered in
January of the present year, and who kindly sent us the drawing here
engraved, from the pencil of V. Bartholomew, Esq., Associate of Painters
in Water Colours.” Bletia patula (t. 3518) is a native of Hayti, which was
received at the Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, from Dr. Fischer, of St.
Petersburg, and flowered finely in the stove. Rodriguezia Barkeri (t. 3497),

‘

166 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

is a native of Brazil, imported by George Barker, Esq., and communicated
in full flower by Mr. Cameron, of the Birmingham Botanic Garden, in
January, 1836. It is now known as Gomeza Barkeri. The remainder were
previously known species, but among them we may mention Cyrtopodium
punctatum (t.. 3507), which was sent from Brazil by William Swainson,
“many years ago,” but never ‘‘showed any disposition to bloom” till the
spring of 1835, when it was “‘ superb.” ;

Orchid culture was now growing by leaps and bounds, and we may intro-
duce the memorable year 1837 with some graphic remarks by Mr. Bateman,
from the introduction to his big book, the Orchidacee of Mexico and
Guatemala :— But the annus mirabilis of Orchis-importatum was 1837. In
addition to the spoils brought by Mr. Gibson from the Nipalese Hills, and
which reached Chatsworth in this year, Mr. Skinner poured into our stoves
the richest treasures of the barrancas of Guatemala, Mr. Cumming sent
a profusion of the choicest air-plants from the Philippine Islands, Mr.
Schomburgk contributed some exquisite species from the interior of Guiana,
and M. Deschamps, a Frenchman, arrived with his vessel from Vera Cruz,
entirely laden with Mexican Orchidacez. In the whole, not less, probably,
than three hundred species were seen in England for the first time in this
memorable year.”

The result of all this activity would inevitably make itself felt in the
course of a few months in the publications of the period, though perhaps
not immediately, but the Botanical Register for 1837 contains figures of
twenty-seven Orchids, of which fourteen were new, and a few others new
to cultivation. The Brazilian Miltonia spectabilis (t. 1992), may be
considered as one of the most remarkable. It flowered with Messrs.
Loddiges, of Hackney, and subsequently with G. Barker, Esq., of Birming-
ham, the genus being dedicated by Lindley to Lord Fitzwilliam, ‘‘one of the
oldest and steadiest friends of natural science in this country . . . now, for
the first time, fixed among the imperishable records of Botany.” Trigon-
idium obtusum (t. 1923) was another new genus, received from Mr.
Bateman, in August, 1836, who remarked :—‘ This singular plant I owe to
the exertions of Mr. Colley, in Demerara,” received in the summer of 1834.
Chysis aurea (t. 1937), a third new genus, was received from Messrs. Low
& Co., of Clapton, in June, 1836, having been collected by Henchmann
in Venezuela. Trichocentrum fuscum (t. 1951), imported-from Mexico by
Mr. Knight, who flowered it in July, 1836, was also a new genus.

’ There is also a new Cypripedium to record. C. purpuratum (t. 1991}
was introduced by Mr. Knight, of Chelsea, and flowered with Messrs.
Loddiges, in November, 1836. It was said to be a native of the Malay
Archipelago, but we now -know that this must have: been a mistake for
Hongkong. Burlingtonia candida (t. 1927) and Oncidium lunatum (t. 1929)

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 167

were both introduced from Demerara, the former flowering with Mr.
Bateman, and the latter with Messrs. Loddiges. Bulbophyllum barbigerum
(t. 1942) and B. saltatorium (t. 1970), were introduced from Sierra Leone,
by Messrs. Loddiges, the former being still one of the most remarkable
species in cultivation, and the latter a sort of miniature edition of it. B-
cocoinum (t. 1964) was of the same origin, and Mr. Bateman states that it
filled the house at Hackney with the scent of a cocoa-nut. Peristeria
cerina (t. 1953) was imported from the ‘“‘ Spanish Main,” by Mr. Knight,
of the King’s Road, where it flowered in June, 1836. Oncidium deltoideum
(t. 2006) flowered with W. J. Myers, Esq., of Aigburth, having been sent
from Lima, Peru, by John Maclean, Esq., who is said to have probably
received it from Matthews, its first discoverer. Cirrhcea obtusata (t. 2005),
and Spiranthes bracteosa (t. 1934), both flowered with Messrs. Loddiges.

Among the more remarkable species new to cultivation we note
Magaclinium maximum (t. 1959) and the Mauritian Cynorchis fastigiata
(t. 1998), both from Messrs. Loddiges, and the Cingalese Ancectochilus
setaceus (t. 2010) from the Duke of Northumberland, at Syon House.

One remarkable plant figured (t. 1947 A), deserves a paragraph all to
itself. In the text (sub. t. “‘1951*”) it is called “one of the greatest
curiosities that our gardens ever produced. . . . A plant of Monachanthus
cristatus changing into a Monachanthus . - . and combining in its own
proper person no fewer than three supposed genera, Myanthus, Monach-
anthus, and Catasetum.’”’ It flowered in the collection of the Duke of
Devonshire, in November, 1836, and was in reality a plant of Catasetum
cristatum showing eight female flowers at the top of the inflorescence, with
seven males underneath, and one flower in a partially intermediate con-
dition. Lindley had observed a somewhat similar phenomenon in the
Horticultural Society’s Garden in 1826, and noted it, though afterwards he
tells us that he doubted his own words, and believed that he had made some
mistake. The phenomenon is now well understood, and the history of the
question has been fully recorded (Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc., &Xvii.,
pp. 206-225, t. 8).°

Twenty Orchids were figured in the Botan r 1 e
of which were new, but the only remarkable one was Maxillaria Steelii
(t. 3773), which afterwards became the type of the genus Scuticaria. Sir
William Hosker remarked :—“ This highly interesting Orchideous plant
ommunicated from the stove of John Moss, Esq., Otterspool,
near Liverpool, together with a drawing by Miss Moss, from which the
accompanying figure was made. It was introduced in July of last year
(1836) by Matthew Steele, Esq., of Demerara.”’ :

It is interesting to note that this volume of the Botanical Magazine was
dedicated to James Batemen, Esq., of Knypersley Hall, Cheshire, author

ical Magazine for 1837, three

was obligingly c

168 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

of the magnificent Orchidacee of Mexico and Guatemala, a work of which it
is hard to say whether the beauty of the subjects represented, the execution
of the figures, or the taste and judgment displayed in the typographical
department is most to be admired.”

(To be continued.)

ODONTOGLOSSUM LEAVES DECAYING AT THE TIPS.

Many will be sorry to see from the ORcHID Review for February (p. 39) that
such a shrewd and intelligent Orchid grower as Mr. De B. Crawshay has
got the above complaint, not ‘‘ disease.”

When we go out on a cold morning the parts where we find the cold
most severe is at our extremities—toes and fingers. I think it is the same
with the Odontos; so many try to grow them in far too low a temperature,
and with the occasional very low minimum reached, sometimes even as low
as 40°, the tips of the leaves become injured.

What gardener has not experienced the same complaint with other
plants? Dracznas even, and often Clivias, when near the roof glass, and
the temperature falls lower than it should do, have the tips of the leaves
killed. Some think, because the various plants are very accommodating,
they will stand a few hours low temperature, say, in the mornings, but
something is sure to show itself in time. I might name other plants with
thinner leaves than the above that are affected through low temperatures,
but enough has been said to show my meaning. :

I may be wrong, but I have felt for years that the temperatures advised
by Calendar writers are far too low. Tell me of a good Odontoglossum
grower, and I will go and see his plants, and find his houses far warmer
than where Odontos are miserable looking objects, and upon asking his mini-
mum in the mornings he will say above 50° on the coldest mornings. Who
ever has seen a flower spike in bloom looking really happy at 50° to 55° ?
But try 60° and see how beautiful they are. I would say, let those who have
the above complaint try more heat and air at the bottom ventilators, with
plenty of atmospheric moisture, and see the difference in growth. It is not
a matter of growing cheaply, coal saving, as Odontos don’t grow in a cool
treatment, but the reverse, namely, stand still.

Then the potting material is often blamed. Why, the finest Odonto-
‘glossum crispum I ever met with were potted in pure sphagnum, by Mr.
Shuttleworth, when he was partner to Charlesworth & Co., but their heat or
temperature was then, as now, decidedly warmer than is mostly seen or
heard of in Calendars.

endiet: Jas. HAMILTON.
Duns, N.B.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 169

ONCIDIUM PHALAENOPSIS.

THE annexed figure of the beautiful Oncidium Phalznopsis is reproduced
from a photograph kindly sent by Frau Ida Brandt, Reissbach, Zurich (gr°
Mr. Schlecht), and gives an excellent idea of the species—if such it be.
It is one of a group of forms allied to O. olivaceum—better known under
its later name of O. cucullatum—and was described by Reichenbach in
1869 (Gard. Chron., 1869, p. 416), from materials collected in Ecuador by
Gustav Wallis, and sent to M. J. Linden, of Brussels. It has generally
larger flowers than its allies, and the sepals and petals are more or less
heavily barred with purple on a very light ground, while the lip is white,
or slightly flushed with rose, with numerous purple spots round the crest.

Fig. 26. ONCIDIUM PHALNOPSIS.

Its characters are well shown in the illustration. Very little seems to bave
been recorded about its exact habitat, though it is known to be a high
alpine form, coming from an altitude of between 8,000 and 10,000 feet

elevation, and consequently it requires to be grown in the coolest house.

Even then it is by no means an easy plant to cultivate, for it grows naturally
under conditions which can only be approximately imitated in our Orchid
houses. It is certainly a very beautiful plant, and one of the most attractive
in the genus when seen in anything like its native vigour, which is unfortun-

ately too seldom.

170 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
DENDROBIUMS FROM TYNTESFIELD.

A BEAUTIFUL series of hybrid Dendrobiums is sent from the collection of
F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey, all of them being good, and
two or three decidedly novel in colour. Mr. Stafford remarks that the show
has been very good, though the majority are now over, and that of D. x
Cybele a great many have flowered for the first time, the so-called ‘‘ Lang
Tang var.” of D. nobile having produced some good things, both in colour
and shape.

D. X CyBELE.—Of this charming hybrid between D. Findlayanum and
D. nobile, six very beautiful forms are sent. D. x C. giganteum is a very
large form, having very little yellow round the maroon disc. D. x C.
nobilius is large and very richly coloured, comparable in this respect with
D. nobile nobilius, which is one of its parents. D. x C. ignescens is a
remarkable novelty, excellent in shape, and the colour nearer rose than
purple, or what might be described as “ crushed strawberry,” being of that
peculiar shade seen in the rare D. nobile roseum. D. x C. erubescens has
the upper part of all the segments of a delicate rose-blush, like a very
light shade of the preceding form, and without any approach to purple.
One other is so similar to the preceding as hardly to requiré a separate
name, and the remaining one is fairly typical.

D. X Nriope.—A seedling from D. tortile roseum X D. nobile is a fine
form of D. X Niobe, and measures four inches in expanse. It shows much
_ of the undulate character of the former, modified by the influence of D.
nobile, particularly in the lip. ;

D. X MELANODIScUS.—The variability of the hybrid between D. xX
Ainsworthii and D. Findlayanum is notorious, at least nine distinct forms
having received separate names. Two good forms are now sent, one of

which has the maroon disc very small, and very little developed in front of

the pale area-at the base, the other being fairly typical.

D. X BuRBERRYANUM.—A seedling from D. x Dominyanum ? and
D. Findlayanum 3, isa charming form of D. x Burberryanum, and is.
excellent both in shape and colour, the segments being broad, and of a
beautiful rose-purple shade, and the lip having a sharply defined maroon
disc, surrounded by a white area, and tipped with rose-purple.

D. X STAFFoRDI is a charming hybrid between D. x Cassiope 2? and D.
Bensonz 3, nearly white in colour, with a small transverse maroon band on
the disc, in front of which occur a number of small nearly confluent spots,
forming a second paler band.

D. X LutwycHEanum var. CLI is derived from D. x Ainsworthii and
D. Wardianum, and is a charming form, fairly intermediate between its

parents.
She

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ene oe te da et ar et ek ag Re a ae

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 171

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JUNE.
By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

For the summer temperatures and general management of the various
departments see last month’s Calendar.

Vanda teres and V. Hookeriana are now making a fine show. These
lovely species prefer a hot, sunny part of the warmest house, and should be
syringed several times daily with tepid soft water. They are best grown
when fixed on a moss-clad, teak wood raft, or cylinder, of good length,
allowing for the tall growth, which is very rapid and vigorous under good
cultivation. When they have become too leggy, as they do in course of
time, they should be lowered by cutting the receptacles in half, and bringing
the top part down to the base. Rarely do these species flower successfully
unless treated to the full sunshine and syringed liberally, and even then
some plants are more shy than others.

Vanda suavis, V. tricolor, and V. insignis, on the other hand, prefer the
ordinary shady conditions which most other Orchids enjoy. In fact I may
say the majority of the species of this genus in cultivation enjoy an abun-
dance of shade and moisture, especially during the summer, which is their
growing season, and that they are not over partial to great heat, but will
_ $row even better in the Cattleya house than elsewhere. The large-growing

kinds with their handsome foliage look well on the stages, whilst other
smaller kinds, such as V. ccerulea, V. ccerulescens, V. Denisoniana, V.
Kimballiana, and V. Roxburghii, are better if suspended in baskets or
cylinders. They should be fixed in their receptacles firmly, with crocks
and charcoal, and surfaced over with fresh sphagnum moss, which should
have enough water to cause it to grow freely during the summer.

Dendrobiums of the thyrsiflorum and densiflorum section will now be
starting to grow freely, and should be given the warmest house until comple-
ted, taking them out again to cooler quarters immediately they have finished,
gradually hardening them so as to withstand the greenhouse temperature
for the winter. These sturdy and grand old species soon become badly
spotted, and degenerate never so quickly as when left to rest in heat and
moisture.

It will now be the cultivator’s chief pleasure, having most of the
re-potting done and his plants in their proper growing quarters, to provide
for them the best possible growing conditions, and note their progress, for
they wil now advance with rapid strides. It will soon be apparent now how
the plant which required re-potting, and was done properly and at the
right time, will come away and pass that one which wanted it as badly but
did not get it, and the difference will be more marked as the season ad-
vances. I amno advocate for potting for the sake of potting when it is not

¢

172 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

really necessary, still if any doubt existed in my mind as to the necessity of
potting or otherwise I should certainly elect to do it. One must never be ©
afraid to re-pot when it seems desirable. It is absolutely necessary for con-

tinued success with any plant. Better do it a little late in the season than

pass a deserving plant over altogether. As I have said before, a plant, after

a certain point of excellence, will gradually recede, and requires a lot of re-

generating if neglected. The full benefits of re-potting are frequently not

apparent the first year, though with some genera, such as Dendrobiums,

Odontoglossums, and Oncidiums, the beneficial result is apparent in the first

year’s growth, by increased vigour and healthier appearance. Cattleyas, and

Lzlias, andmost other genera generally make more marked progress the sec-

ond year, after which it must be left to the grower’s decision whether the pot

is large enough and the compost porous enough to warrant it safe letting

them go for the third year. _ A grower can generally tell the proper thing to

do by a glance at the plant and the surface compost. It may be less easy

for an amateur, but he soon learns by experience and practice.

I prefer to have the bulk of the potting finished by now. Still there are a
good many things which it has been impossible to get at before, on account
of blooming, but these should be attended to at once. They include
_ Cattleyas Mossiz and Mendelii, Lelia purpurata, Miltonia vexillaria, cer-

tain Cymbidiums, and Sobralias, and others which are now passing out of
bloom. . |
LEAF SOIL FOR POTTING MATERIAL.—Leaf soil, or rather, half decayed |
leaves, such as clean beech or oak collected last autumn, are now used to a
considerable extent by some growers, either purely by themselves surfaced
with a little sphagnum, or mixed in with other materials. Personally I
think it a very good thing. The results of my trials have so far quite satis-
fied me. Still I must advise growers to be careful and experiment with it
ona few only before using it largely. I see no reason why almost all our
Orchids should not grow and do well in it, if properly potted and carefully
watered afterwards, although thereis still a doubt in my mind whether it will
ultimately prove so good as our well-tried and proven sphagnum moss and
peat, when well broken and mixed up together, with a little finely smashed
crocks and charcoal. Yet I say, give it a fair trial by all means, for there is
a long difference between the price of leaf soil and best Orchid peat. True,
the former, if laid in lightly, is extremely soft and porous, and the roots
should enter it freely, at the least for one season, when it could easily be
removed. The leaves should be in a half rotten, or what I may
term in a flaky condition, which, if not too wet, will easily rub through a
half inch or three quarter inch sieve, when it is ready for use,
and is readily worked in between the roots, afterwards surfacing —
lightly with a layer ot sphagnum moss to keep the plant firm. With this

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 173.

matter of leaf soil versus peat and moss I again urge carefulness. If one
cannot grow Orchids successfully in the latter it is scarcely possible for him
to do so in the former, or at least he must not expect it to work wonders.
or to be the only means necessary for success. The compost employed is
not the only agent, but atmospheric conditions are possibly the most power-
ful factor in Orchid growing. Still the compost has a great influence for
better or worse, and we may yet find the balance in favour of the leaf soil
or it may prove the reverse. Certainly I have seen grand plants so culti-
vated—some of them were in the fine collection at Coundon Court. Time
alone can prove.

I well remember cocoa-nut fibre refuse being strongly advocated as a
substitute for peat in Orchid growing, and some growers went so far as to.
pot up their entire collections in it, before its efficacy was fully proved—an
act which they afterwards regretted. Then, later, came jadoo fibre, which
was thought by some to be the correct thing, but its utter failure to oust
peat was even more signal. Yet I see no reason why ggod Orchids could
not be grown with either of the above, under the charge of competent
growers. I have even had Orchids come to me potted in nothing but pure.
yellow loam, and have kept then so inorder to test them. Knowing the
requirements of the plants they have of course been watered so as to suit
this strange compost, with the result that they have done fairly well; one,
Lycaste aromatica, I may even say has done very well, and is now pro-
ducing great numbers of flower buds. And yet I do not recommend loam
for this species. After all, the atmospheric conditions must be the first
consideration, and the materials for the roots, with due regard paid to
watering, taking a secondary but still'a most importance place. _I used to
think there was nothing to equal yellow fibrous loam for Cymbidiums,
Phaiuses, Sobralias, and such like species, until I grew them equally well in
all peat (not what we call fibrous Orchid peat) and after all, what is the
difference ? One is yellow and the other black. [Only ? Ep.]

No matter how well a collection of Orchids may be grown generally, it
always happens that there are a number—more or less—that have, through
some cause or another, become small and weakly, and these, if staged with
others, often give the whole a rather bad appearance, or tend to do so,
while at the same time their chance of rapid recovery of strength is not
great, because so far away from the light. It is a good plan to collect such
by themselves, giving them a position where their well-being can be
especially looked after. I find a shelf, if one exist, a capital place for such
weakly specimens, so that they may be freely syringed, which together with
access to light and air, brings them back to vigour the more quickly.
Swinging shelves over paths, and wherever they can be placed without
unduly robbing other plants of light, are exceptionally handy, not only for

174 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

weakly plants, but also for others which may happen to be “ miffy”’ in

growth, and not getting on well on the stages. A trial with such plants on
the shelf often ends successfully—even more so than suspending them.

THE CYPRIPEDILUM GROUP.

A CORRESPONDENT asks us to point out the characters and differences of the
genera belong to the Cypripedilum group, as he often sees the names men-
tioned without properly understanding them, and the whole of his sixty
varieties have been purchased under the name Cypripedium. Possibly
others may have experienced a similar difficulty.

The genus Cypripedium was originally based upon our European species,
C. Calceolus, but others were soon added, and when the tropical species
began to be discovered they were also incorporated in the genus, apparently
under the belief that they were identical in structure. In 1842, however,
Lindley wrote :—‘‘ There is something in the habit of the Indian Lady’s
Slippers so peculiar that it was fora long time thought that they would be

found to possess characters to separate them from their associates,” though
é

he failed to discover what that something was. In 1846 the same author

described a very curious Tropical American plant, under the name of
Uropedium Lindeni, which differed from Cypripedium in having the lip
prolonged into a narrow tail, like the petals—hence the name. In 1854
Reichenbach pointed out that this plant had a three-celled ovary, like
the Apostasiez, as had also all the Tropical American species of Cypri-
pedium, which latter he separated under the name of Selenipedium. It was
subsequently discovered that Uropedium Lindeni was only a peloriate or
abnormal state of Selenipedium caudatum, and the former name was aban-
doned. In 1882 Pfitzer removed the species of Selenipedium having
coriaceous leaves, and united them with the Old World species of Cypri-
pedium of similar habit, under the name of Paphiopedilum, the characters
relied upon being the conduplicate leaves and deciduous perianth. In 1896
it was shown that the last-named group contained two very distinct genera,
and the Tropical _American species were separated under the name of
Phragmipedium (Rolfe in Orch. Rev., iv., p. 331), and a detailed account of
the different genera was given.

The question has been somewhat complicated by a change in spelling
respecting which a few words seem necessary. The original name was spelt
by Linnzus, Cypripedium, but its derivation was explained as being in
allusion to the slipper-shaped lip—literally “‘ Venus’s Slipper.” Ascherson,
accordingly, in 1866, amended the spelling to Cypripedilum, on the ground
that Cypripedium meant ‘ Venus’s Foot,” and Pfitzer afterwards brought
the other genera into line. Much controversy has arisen respecting this

:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 175

point, and some advocates of the original spelling have assumed that ~
Linnseus intended to commemorate the “ foot” of Venus, but this is dis-
proved by the remarks of Linnzus himself, which show that the popular
appellation of ‘“ Slipper Orchids” embodies the same idea as suggested the
original name. An attempt was made by advocates of retaining Cypri-
pedium to secure uniformity by dropping the “1” in Paphiopedilum, but
objection was taken to this course on the ground that it is neither the
original spelling nor yet correct. But the idea of having two ways of
spelling the same termination is repugnant to common sense, and as the
Greek pedilon is the correct equivalent of the word slipper, we adopt the
course of securing both correctness and uniformity by adopting the latin-
ized termination “‘ pedilum”’ in each case. Even advocates of adopting the
original spelling of words will allow the correction of an obvious blunder.

We may now point out briefly the charac ers of the four genera of
Cypripedilee, taking them in the order of their development and their
affinity with the more ancestral tribe Apostasiez, which is characterized by
its three-celled ovary and relatively simple structure.

SELENIPEDILUM is a genus of three species found in Guiana, Brazil, and
Panama. They are tall, reed-like plants, ranging from four up to fifteen
feet high, with plicate, lanceolate leaves ; terminal racemes of small flowers,
having valvate sepals and a persistent perianth ; and the ovary three-celled,
“with subglobose seeds, and a smooth, crustaceous testa, like those of Vanilla.
Curiously enough two of the species have fragrant fruits, which are used
for flavouring purposes, like those of Vanilla, the Panama species being
known to the natives as Vainilla chica, or Little Vanilla. None of the
species are in cultivation. The name is taken from the Greek selems, a
little crescent, in allusion to the character of the lip.

PHRAGMIPEDILUM agrees with the preceding in its three-celled ovary,
like the Apostasiez, and valvate sepals, but differs in being stemless, in
having conduplicate, coriaceous, strap-shaped leaves ; much larger flowers,
with an articulated deciduous perianth; and fusiform seeds, with a reticu-
lated testa. The genus ranges along the Andes from Guatemala to Peru,
with outlying species in Guiana and Brazil, and contains ten known species,
most of them being well known in gardens. The name is given in allusion
to the divisions of the ovary, from the Greek phragmos, a fence. In case it
should be wondered why Selenipedilum was not retained for the present
genus, it may be added that Reichenbach specially applied his name to the
preceding genus, and described the remarkable Vanilla-like seeds, while the
species now referred to Phragmipedilum were placed in a second section,
with the remark that the seeds, which were unknown, might prove to be
similar ; a suggestion which has proved incorrect. Uropedium is in reality
the oldest name, but cannot be adopted, because it was based on an abnor-

176 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

mal condition of one of the species, and the name, indicating tailed-slipper,
is absolutely absurd and misleading when applied to anything else.

CYPRIPEDILUM differs from both the preceding in having a one-celled
ovary, and includes all the remaining species having plicate leaves. The
sepals are valvate, as in both the preceding, and the perianth is persistent
as in Selenipedilum, while the seeds are fusiform with a reticulated testa, as
in Phragmipedilum. The species are deciduous, and at present number
about thirty. The genus is widely diffused through northern Europe, tem-
perate Asia, and North America, as far as the mountains of South Mexico.

PAPHIOPEDILUM agrees with the last in having a one-celled ovary, but
differs from all the others in having imbricate sepals. This then is that
mysterious “‘ something” which was to separate the Indian Lady’s Slippers
from their associates, but Lindley failed to discover; and it is a very
marked character, as anyone may see on cutting a bud across, or even on
examing it before expansion. However relatively large the dorsal sepal
may be, it is always packed up within the lateral united pair in the bud,
which is thus laterally compressed. It agrees with Phragmipedilum in
habit and vegetative characters, and in the deciduous perianth and fusiform
seeds, but differs in the one-celled ovary and imbricate sepals. The genus
ranges from the Himalayas and South India, through the Malayan Archi-
pelago to. New Guinea, and through the Philippines to Hongkong; the
known species numbering forty-two. As to the derivation of the name we
need only add that Paphios is another name for the goddess Venus.

Thus the tribe Cypripedilez, or Slipper Orchids, is seen to consist of
four thoroughly distinct and sharply-characterized genera, three of which
are well known in cultivation ; and of these one consists of hardy or half-
hardy deciduous species, while the others are tropical or subtropical ever-
green plants. The names are not yet generally adopted in gardens, but we
see no reason why they should not be, and believe it is only a question of
time. There are many fully recognized genera which are neither so
distinct nor so well characterized.

VANILLA PLANIFOLIA.

In the Economic house at the Glasgow Botanic Gardens there is at present
a very interesting plant of this West Indian Vanilla, just ripening its fruits,
which number over 400. A full grown French Bean will give a fair idea of
the shape and size of its pod. It flowered in June of last year, so that it
takes a good time to ripen its fruit in this part of the country. Very shortly
the house in which the plant is growing, and the adjoining ones as_ well,
will be filled with the pleasant odour of the Vanilla. This is the Vanilla which
is used for commercial purposes.—A. B. in Journ. Hort., 1901, xlii, p. 195,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 17

~

CHYSIS BRACTESCENS.
Tuis beautiful species was originally introduced from Mexico by George
Barker, Esq., of Birmingham, in whose collection it flowered for the first
time in 1840, and was described in the Botanical Register (1840, Misc., p. 61)
and shortly afterwards figured (1841, t. 23). Its habitat seems to be in the
province of Vera Cruz, being frequently imported from the neighbourhood
of Cordova, sometimes together with C. aurea; it also occurs at Tabasco.
It isan easily grown and handsome species, its large, ivory white flowers,
being very distinct and effective. It succeeds well in pots or baskets, in
the usual compost of fibrous peat and sphagnum moss, with a few crocks,

Fic. 27. CHYSIS BRACTESCENS.

and during the growing season likes a position in the Cattleya house, with

liberal supplies of water, being afterwards removed toa cooler house, and
sparingly watered, for the resting season. Our illustration is reproduced
from a photograph taken by E. P. Collett, Esq., Charlton-cum-Hardy,
Manchester, on an isochromatic plate, against a background of black verve
The two beautiful hybrid Chysis known in gardens both owe their origin in
part to the present species, and both were raised by Messrs. pers V eitch
& Sons. C.'x Chelsoni (brattescens levis) appeared in 1874, and C.
X Sedeni (Limminghei X bractescens) in 1880.
i eS Ps ah Po

178 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHIDS ABROAD AND AT HOME.

THE question whether Orchids improve under cultivation has been dis-
cussed several times, and Mr. Robert Cross, who travelled in the Andes in
search of Cinchonas some years ago, and wrote some interesting “‘ Notes on
the plants of Peru,”’ made the following remarks on the subject :—

“‘Thave been told that when properly cultivated in England Orchids
produce finer flowers than in their native country, a statement with which
I cannot agree. On some of the more elevated heights above Limon,
where the trees are thinly distributed and of somewhat stunted form—
presenting an appearance very similar to that of old orchards in England—
I have seen Oncidiums in so great abundance, and their flowers in such
profusion, that, when viewed at a distance in the morning sunlight, it
seemed as if the scattered woodlands were on fire. On examination I found
the roots of each plant firmly adhering to the bark of the tree on which it
was growing, and some of the roots I traced along the branches 8 to 10 feet
distant from the parent plant.”—Gard. Chron., 1862, p. 430.

LAW NOTES.
Bacc v. THE Ear oF AYLESFORD.

THIS was an action brought by Archibald Bagg, a gardener, against the
Earl of Aylesford, at the Coventry Country Court, to recover the sum
of £3 6s. 8d., balance of a month’s wages. There was a counterclaim for
£16 17s., being damages said to have been sustained by the defendant
through the negligence of the plaintiff, the latter having represented him-
self to be competent to undertake the management of the Orchid-houses of
the defendant, whereas, it was alleged, he was not so competent, and that
by his negligence and improper management he had caused the loss of
certain Orchids and other plants. The defendant did not appear, but
Mr. Masser appeared on his behalf, and Lady Aylesford was present.

The plaintiff, in reply to Mr. Maddocks, who appeared on his-behalf,
stated that he was engaged as gardener, his duties being to take charge of
the Orchid-houses, and to assist in stoking, and to take charge of the

violets, his wages being £1 a week. He was there about four months, and >

then gave notice. There was ahead gardener. Lady Aylesford had told
him that he did not know much about Orchids. He had been with the
Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain and with Sir Trevor Lawrence, and
although he could satisfy those gentlemen he could not satisfy Lady
Aylesford. When he had worked out his month’s service, he asked for
payment of his wages, £3 6s. 8d., and it was refused, When he was
engaged, there was no arrangement made that he was to pay for plants that

|

hn

THE ORCHID REVIEW. t £79

died. Lord Aylesford wrote to his solicitor alleging culpable negligence on
plaintiffs part, and that an Orchid specialist had recommended that the °
entire charge of the Orchids should be taken out of his hands. Witness
was not was paid the wages of an Orchid specialist. He did not think {1
per week were the wages of an Orchid specialist. He believed he had had
as much experience in Orchids as the gardener at Lord Aylesford’s. He had
tried to please her ladyship, but had failed. Orchids were the same as other.
plants—they sometimes died.

_. Lady Aylesford, on being called, alleged that plaintiff left the ventilators
open on a frosty night, and it was chiefly owing to his negligence that the

Orchids died.

-A sub-agent in the employ of Lord Aylesford admitted that his lordship
had had two head gardeners in six months.

Mr. H. A. Burberry, of King’s Heath, gave expert evidence, and said
that when he examined the Orchids in March they were in poor condition,
but that might have been due to negligence prior to November, when
plaintiff was first engaged.

His Honour found for the plaintiff for the amount claimed, and the
counterclaim was dismissed with costs.

HYBRID EPIDENDRUMS.
WE recently had in these pages a very interesting article by Mr. E. O.
Orpet (p. 103) in which some hybrid Epidendrums were mentioned. Sketches
(single flowers) of four interesting forms raised by Mr. Orpet are given by
Mr. Oakes Ames in arecent issue of American Gardening (1901, p. 331,
fig. 71), together with E. radicans for comparison. Two forms are derived

from E. x O’Brienianum crossed with E. elongatum, and are said not to be

intermediate, but in a general way to approach E. radicans, which suggests
that they may be only reversionary seedling varieties of E. radicans. There
is no note of the colour, but so far as shape is concerned one seems nearest

_ to E. elongatum in shape, though the other does seem near to E. radicans |

Another j is said to be from E. cinnabarinum X radicans, and seems to be a
true hybrid, though there are spots on the sepals and petals of a deeper

; shade than the general colour which are difficult to account for. The lip is

lighter orange-yellow than in E. radicans, with the divisions more laciniated.
Another is said to be from Sophronitis violacea X E. X O’Brienianum, and
is richer in colour than the usual forms of the latter, though whether this

-€omes from the Sophronitis is hard to say, as the general tendency of all the
_ Parts is toward the Epidendrum parent. This remark however might be
_ Made respecting the other known Epiphronitis, and yet the Sophronitis was
ah the seed parent, as seems to have been the case with the present one, so that

t.

180 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

any doubt in the case seems to lay in the possibility of an accidentally mis-
placed label, or that dipping process so graphically described by Mr. Orpet.

Mr. Ames adds:—‘ A satisfactory study of such hybrids, it seems to
me, can only be made by means of thorough microscopic examinations. To
maintain that a dwarf habit and so forth indicate hybrid origin seems futile
while the plants are yet young. For the identification of ordinary hybrids
the flower and a good description of the foliage seem enough, but where the
particular group of Epidendrum under consideration is concerned the
foliage and flowers should be carefully examined, together with the same
parts of the identical parents with which the cross was originally made.”
We should like an opportunity of examining a flower of each of these
forms.

+

ORCHID NOMENCLATURE

I HAVE been much interested in reading the various suggestions and
remarks of your correspondents on this much-debated topic, but am afraid
a Central Orchid Society, so far as it might venture to pose as an
‘ Authority,’ would be doomed to failure from its inception, and that, for
reasons which doubtless everyone feels, but carefully avoids stating. It Is
admitted that such a body is most desirable, but would all Orchid cultiva-
tors loyally support the ‘‘ Authority ” thus created when their own hybrids
and varieties came up for judgment, for of course an ‘‘ Authority ’’ must
either approve or condemn. Where is the grower—who perhaps, has come
to regard himself as an ‘‘ Authority,” and, may be, even a “ Specialist ’’—
that would care to run the risk of his treasures being dethroned from their
high estate and consigned to the oblivion of the past by an unsympathetic
Central Authority? It is all very right and proper, of course, that the
pretensious claims of other people’s hybrids and varieties should be strictly
dealt with, but I am inclined to think the shoe would pinch when it came to
be tried on the other foot. If this inherent difficulty could be surmounted,
a Central Society, with a Register, and particularly a set of reliable draw-
ings, would be of untold value. The innumerable multitude of varieties in

Cattleyas, Cypripediums, and Odontoglossums, named by all and sundry,

is perfectly bewildering, but few of them deserving the distinction of even
a single X, let alone a name. And then, that fearful chaos of hybrids and
cross-hybrids ; what an endless source of dispute lies here! The authority
who undertakes to create order in this overwhelming mass of material
needs, not only every encouragement, but the loyal and hearty support of
everyone interested in Orchid culture. The question is, would this be
given? I doubt it—Specraror. ee

THE ORCHID REVIEW. Ba

GONGORA SIEDELIANA.

A pant of this very interesting but imperfectly known species has just
flowered with Mr. F. W. Moore, at Glasnevin. It was originally described
by Reichenbach in 1852 (Bot. Zett., x., p. 637), froma plant which bloomed
with Herr T. J. Siedel, in Germany, but its habitat seems not to have
been known. A single flower was also represented in Xena Orchidacea
{i., pp. 51, 55, t. 20, fig. 5). A few years ago a plant was introduced from
Mexico, by M. L. Kienast, which proved identical, and now we have the
Glasnevin plant, which was purchased as Gongora sp. It belongs to the
Acropera group, and is allied to Gongora galeata, Rchb. f.—perhaps better
known as Acropera Loddigesii. Lind].—but it has a larger lip, deep yellow
in colour, with a few slender transverse streaks at the base, and the sepals
are heavily marked with narrow transverse brown bars, which give it a very
distinct appearance as compared with the species just named and with G.
armeniaca, Rchb. f. (Acropera armeniaca, Lindl., Bot. Mag., t. 5501).
-Reichenbach’s figure is a very rude sketch, and it may be added that in the
living flower the pair of bristles near the base of the lip are reflexed, not
erect as shown, and that in the present individual the markings are more
numerous than represented. All the other characters agree so well as leave

no doubt of its identity. Its re-appearance is interesting.
R. A. BR:

SOCIETIES.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

THE last meeting prior to the great Temple Show was held at the Drill
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on May 7th, when the display of
Orchids was particularly fine, and the awards included five First-class
Certificates, seven Awards of Merit, and one Botanical Certificate. The
Orchid Committee were represented by J. Gurney’ Fowler, Esq-, in the
Chair, and Messrs. E. Ashworth, H. Ballantine, W. A. Bilney, T. W. Bond,
H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas, W. B. Latham,
H. Little, J. W.,. Odell, H. T. Pitt, F. A. Rehder, F. J. Thorne, H. A.
Tracy, W. H. White, W. H. Young, and J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.).

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), staged a magnificent
group, which gained a Silver-gilt Flora Medal. It included some very fine
examples of Oncidium Marshallianum, Cattleya Skinneri alba, and C. Law-
renceana, Lelio-cattleya X Mozart (Boothiana X tenebrosa), L.-c. X Mar-

tinetii, L.-c. x Hyeana, L.-c. X -Digbyano-Mendelii ‘‘Imperatrice de
Russie,” some excellent Odontoglossum crispums, both white and spotted,
ae O. triumphans Golden King, some good O. X Adriane, O. X_ Halli,
_ ©. X Ruckerianum, and other hybrids. A First-class Certificate was given

182 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

to O. c. Confetti, excellent in form, tinged with purple, and closely spotted
with deep purple, and Awards of Merit to O. c. Domino and O. c. Countess
of Derby, both good spotted forms, also to Brasso-cattleya x nivalis, a
hybrid obtained by crossing Brassavola fragrans and Cattleya intermedia,
and much resembling B.-c. X Lindleyana.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn,; Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), also
staged a fine group, and gained a Silver Flora Medal. It contained some
good Lelia purpurata, L. xanthina, Epiphronitis x Veitchii, Oncidium
ampliatum, Cypripedium Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, and others, Cattleya
Skinneri alba, some good C, Schroeder, and Odontoglossums citrosmum,
crispum, triumphans, &c. First-class Certificates were given to O. Hallit
King Edward VII, one of the finest forms yet flowered, and to Cattleya
Schroederz heatonensis, a beautiful, pale lilac form.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Stables), also-
gained a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group, including some very fine
forms of Odontoglossum xX Andersonianum and O. crispum, one of the
latter bearing a spike of twelve flowers, together with two large seed”
capsules, being a further example of excellent culture. An Award of Merit
was given to O. c. Raymond Crawshay, a fine form with broad segments
profusely blotched with orange-brown, and slightly tinged with purple.

The Hon, Walter Rothschild, M.P., Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hill), received
a First-class Certificate for Lelio-cattleya x Digbyano-Mendelii Tring
Park var., a very large form, prettily tinged with pink, and an Award of

Merit for Lelia x Mrs. Gratrix Tring Park var., bearing a fine, three- -

flowered inflorescence.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), sent some good
forms of Odontoglossum x Adriane. O. X A. Cobbianum, in which most
of the ground colour was obliterated by the heavy, dark chestnut-brown
spotting, receiving an Award of Merit.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), sent .a
fine specimen of Dendrobium xX Euterpe, and the rare Sobralia Ruckeri,
the latter receiving an Award of Merit.

Frau Ida Brandt, Zurich (gr. Mr. Schlecht), sent Brassia maculata and

the rare Oncidium stramineum, the latter receiving a Botanical Certificate-
J. G. Fowler, Esq., S. Woodford (gr. Mr. Davis), sent the remarkable
- Dendrobium macrophyllum.

Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr.. Chapman), owed

Sophrolzelia X leta Orpetiana, with a pretty carmine-rose flower.

Major Joicey, Sunningdale Park (gr. Mr. Thorne), sent a Seat :

specimen of Diacrium bicornutum and a good Dendrobium macrophyllum.

W. W. Mann, Esq., Bexley, showed a fine white Vdpatoglossu: 3

oye meine: a single blotch on each segment, ©

ix
aS

as
ae

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 183

F. W. Mason, Esq., The Firs, Warwick, showed three good forms of
Cattleya Mendelii.

_ F. A. Rehder, Esq., Gipsy Hill (gr. Mr. Norris), sent Dendrobium
Wardianum aureum, a remarkable form with light yellow sepals and petals.
Baron Sir H.: Schroder, The Dell, Staines (gr. Mr. Ballantine), showed
a spike of the rare and remarkable Cymbidium pendulum atropurpureum
(Bot. Mag., t. 5710).
Col. Shipway, Chiswick (gr. Mr. Walters), sent the pretty Lelia pur-
purata Russelliana.
R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham (gr. Mr. Black), sent Odontoglossum
x Wilckeanum Thwaitesianum, a singular, nearly white form.
B. B. White, Esq., Arddatroch (gr. Mr. Cole), sent a fine Odonto-
glossum X Andersonianum.
Mr. H. A. Tracy, Twickenham, received an Award of Merit for Cattleya
Mendelii Queen Alexandra, a large and beautiful form, having a rose-
coloured feather on the tip of the petals, and the front part of the lip
freckled with rose-purple.
Mr. R. B. Leech, Dulwich, sent a fine Epidendrum Wallisii, which
received a Cultural Commendation, also two Oncidiums.
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a fine group, containing

on the back good examples of Oncidium Marshallianum, Cymbidium Lowi-
anum, C. X eburneo-Lowianum, C. eburneum, Epidendrum x Endresio-
Wallisii, E. x elegantulum and its var. luteum, and in front of these some
fine examples of Cattleya Schroedere, Lelia X Latona, Masdevallia
Veitchiana, Odontoglossum crispum, and others, of which Lzlio-cattleya X
- Hyeana, L.-c. x G.S. Ball, and Spathoglottis x aureo-Vieillardii were
noteworthy. _

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, staged a pretty group, con-—
- taining a fine specimen of Cattleya Skinneri, some good C. Schroedere,
Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, D. Devonianum, D. x Nestor, Epidendrum
Stamfordianum, Bifrenaria Harrisonie, Oncidium concolor, and other
showy things. ; 7 :

Mr. T. Rochford, Turnford Hall Nurseries, sent Odontoglossum crispum
- mirabile aid several other fine forms of O. crispum, also a good light form
of Cattleya Mendelii.

5 THE TEMPLE SHOW.

The fourteenth annual Temple Show was held in the Inner Temple

Gardens, on May 22nd, 23rd, and 24th, and was again a great success, the

weather being beautifully fine throughout. The display of Orchids was

magnificent, though we think there was rather less in the way of novelty |
than usual, and the absence of the beautiful group usually staged by Pa

184 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Trevor Lawrence was certainly missed, though we believe that the ap-
proaching marriage of Sir Trevor’s son, and the natural desire to preserve
as many flowers as possible for the occasion, was the principal cause of an
absence which we hope will be only temporary.

The Orchid Committee was represented by :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the
Chair, and Messrs. E, Ashworth, H. Ballantine, W. A. Bilney, T. W-
Bond, H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, J. Colman, De B. Crawshay, J. G.
Fowler, E. Hill, A. Hislop, H. Little, J. W. Odell, H. T. Pitt, F. A.
Rehder, T. Rochford, G. W. Law-Schofield, F. J. Thorne, H. A. Tracy,
R. Brooman- White, W. H. Young, and J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.).

Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr: Mr. Young), staged
a large and very beautiful group, to which the Sherwood Silver Cup was
awarded. It contained many choice and well-grown plants, specially note-
worthy being some grand spécimens of Cymbidium Lowianum, examples
of Oncidium sarcodes, O. superbiens, O. monachicum, O. concolor, some
good forms of Lzelia purpurata, L. x cinnabrosa, L. Digbyana, Dendrobium
nobile with about 350 flowers, D. Farmeri, some good forms of Odonto-

’ glossum crispum and O, x Adriane, O. Hallii, O. x Andersonianum, O.
x elegans, O. (Erstedii, 0. x Rolfez, O. x excellens,O. x gloriosum, some
fine Miltonia vexillaria, M. Roezlii, the handsome Cochlioda Noetzliana,
Maxillaria Sanderiana, Ada aurantiaca, Cymbidium Devonianum with six ra-
cemes, C. tigrinum, Aérides Fieldingii, Saccolabium curvifolium, Phalzenopsis
speciosa, P. amabilis, P, Sanderiana, Cattleya Skinneri with eight racemes,

wc: S. alba, with 27 flowers, some good C. Mossiz, C. Mendelii, C. Forbesii,
C. Schilleriana, C. superba splendens, the remarkable little Eria extinctoria,
Cypripedium bellatulum, C. b. album, C. niveum, C. callosum Sanderz, C.
Rothschildianum, some brilliant Masdevallias, Scuticaria Hadwenii, Angre-

cum modestum, Pholidota imbricata, Lzelio-cattleya x G. S. Ball, L.-c. x
Hippolyta, and a variety of others, altogether forming a very fine group. A
First-class Certificate was given to Lelio-cattleya x Edgar Wigan (L.-c.
Aphrodite x Lelia Digbyana), avery handsome hybrid.
Leopold de Rothschild, Esq., Gunnersbury Park, Acton (gr. Mr. Rey-
nolds), staged a superb group of Vanda teres, bearing about three hundred
spikes, including examples of the fine Gunnersbury Park variety, the whole
forming a fine example of cultural skill. A Silver Cup was deservedly awarded.
John Leemann, Esq,, West Bank House, Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge),
staged a beautiful group of Odontoglossums, to which a Silver Banksian
__ Medal was given. It contained some fine forms of O. crispum and O. X
- Adriane, O. Pescatorei, O. X Ruckerianum, O. x loochristiense, O.
se Hunnewellianum, &c. Awards of Merit were given to O. X crispum,

: ee he Nizam,” a large spotted form, tinged with rose-purple, and to O. x

“ : Adr regres Lindeniz, @ pretty form spotted with chocolate on a white ground.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 185

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), showed
Odontoglossum crispum Hebe, a fine white form bearing a spike of seven-
teen flowers, and a magnificent plant of Odontoglossum xX Wilckeanum
Golden Queen, bearing a spike of twenty flowers, to which both a
First-class Certificate and a Cultural Commendation were given.
It had formerly received an Award of Merit under the name of O.
crispum Golden Queen, when not so fully developed, and its history was
given in our volume for 1897. We repeat the figure of this superb plant.

Fic. 28. OponToGLossuM X WILCKEANUM GOLDEN QUEEN.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill, (gr. Mr. Thurgood), received a
First-class Certificate for Odontoglossum crispum Annie, a richly blotched
form. ' ‘

J. Rutherford, Esq., Beardwood, Blackburn, (gr. Mr. Lupton), staged a
pretty little group, which received a Silver Banksian Medal. It contained
nice examples of Odontoglossum crispum, Cattleya Mossie, C. M.
Reineckeana, C. Mendelii, C. Warscewiczii, Lelia purpurata, Oncidium
macrathum, and Dendrobium Phalenopsis.

H. Little, Esq., The Barons, Twickenham (gr.
an Award of Merit for Cattleya Mendelii gigantea, a fin
a very large lip.

Mr. Howard), received
e light form with

186 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

H. J. Elwes, Esq., Colesborne Park, Gloucestershire (gr. Mr. Lane),
received a Botanical Certificate for the pretty little Cypripedium guttatum.

E. Ash orth, Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook), sent a
pretty form of Odontoglossum X Denisonz.

Capt. Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Chapman), sent good
forms of Odontoglossum crispum and O. xX Adriane.

M. Jules Hye de Crom, Ghent (yr. M. Coens), sent Odontoglossum
X Rolfez with clear white ground, and some pretty forms of O. crispum.

Ludwig Mond, Esq., Avenue Road, Regents Park (gr. Mr. Clarke),
staged an effective little group, containing good examples of Cymbidium
Lowianum, Lelia purpurata, L. Cowani, Angraecum sesquipedale, Odonto-
glossum citrosmum, O..c. album, O: crispum, O. hastilabium, Cattleya —
_Mossie, C. Schroedere, C. Mendelii, Lycaste aromatica, Cypripedium
Mastersianum, Oncidium Papilio, O. Kramerianum, Dendrobium densi-
florum, D. thysiflorum, and Epidendrum ciliare.

Colonel Shipway, Chiswick (gr. Mr. Walters), sent a distinct form of
Odontoglossum xX Denisone. . |
The Hon. Walter Rothschild, m.p., Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hill), sent
Lelio-cattleya x Dido (C. Skinneri x L. cinnabarina), and another pretty

form said to have been raised from L. cinnabarina x C. Dowiana.

Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool (gr. Mr. Poyntz), sent
Paphiopedilum Xx Youngie (bellatulum x Hooker Volonteanum), a vety
promising hybrid as yet undeveloped.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, staged a very fine group, which
gained a Gold Medal. It consisted of over three hundred plants in excellent
condition, of which considerations of space forbid more that a brief
selection. Odontoglossums included some good O. crispum and O. % e
Adriane, O. X Rolfez, the deep yellow O. luteopurpureum Vuylstekeanum, —
O. X Harrayano-crispum Duchess of York, O. Edwardii, Lycaste Skinnett
alba, Miltonia xX Bleuana nobilior and M. X B. gigantea in excellent
eg ee condition, the remarkable Bulbophyllum barbigerum, Cymbidium Lowianum 2
| concolor, many superb Cattleyas, Oncidium concolor, Masdevallia |

‘Wee P, in which. forms ‘of Cattleya Mossie were superb, also
ome vextiena and Odontoglossums excellent. We noted also Lélit

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 187

grandiflora (majalis), Cymbidium Lowianum and var. concolor, Cypripedium
Lowianum Gratixianum, Lzlio- -cattleya X highburyesis, Oncidium Kramer-
ianum, O. Marshallianum, Lelia Digbyana, Odontoglossum Uroskinneri,
Cypripedium insigne Sandere, Cattleya Skinneri alba, Dendrobium Dearei,
&c. An Award of Merit was given to Cattleya Mendelii Mrs. Robert
Tunstill, a pretty, light form.

Messrs. Stanley Ashton & Co., Southgate, received a Silver-gilt Flora
Medal for a showy group, containing some good Cattleyas and Odonto-
glossums, together with Miltonia vexillaria, Masdevallias, Oncidium sarcodes
and Marshallianum, Cypripediums, Lelio-cattleya Massangeana, L.-c. X
highburyensis, Cochlioda Noetzliana, Vanda tricolor, and other good things.
An Award of Merit was given to Odontoglossum ¢crispum Abner Hassell:
a large and finely blotched form.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, staged a very fine group,
to whicha Silver Flora Medal was given. Besides the usual showy things |
of the season, it contained some fine hybrids, of which the firm has made
such a speciality. We noted the handsome Leelio-cattleya x Major-
General Baden Powell (L. tenebrosa x C. Lawrenceana), L.-c. X G. S.
Ball, a splendid L.-c. xX callistoglossa, L.-c. x Hippolyta, a splendid plant
bearing three sturdy spikes and an aggregate of thirty-two flowers (Cultural
Commendation), L.-c. x Ivernia (L.-c. x callistoglossa X L. tenebrosa) a
~ fine thing which gained an Award of Merit, Laelia x Mozart (Boothiana
X purpurata), L. Digbyana, some fine Cattleyas, Oncidiums, and Miltonias,
Diacrium bicornutum, Masdevallia x Arminii, the remarkable M. X
Imogene, ‘Odontoglossum Halli heatonense, having the disc of all the
segments suffused with deep chocolate brown, O. x elegans, and many other
fine Odontoglossums, &c.

Messrs. Linden, { Bericliture Coloniale, Brussels, showed a fine lot
of the Bornean Phalenopsis amabilis among a lot of scarlet Hemanthus,
and gained a Silver Flora Medal. :

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, staged a fine group
of the usual showy things of the season, and containing some good Vandas
in the background, which received a Silver-gilt Banksian Medal.

M. FI. Claes, Etterbeck, Brussels, received a Silver Banksian Medal
for a fine group of Odontoglossums, in which forms of O. crispum and its
hybrids were conspicuous. O. c. Captain Hocken, a fine spotted form,
_Teceived an Award of Merit.

Messrs. John Cowan & Cog Geccace. Liverpool, also eccioed a
Silver Banksian Medal for a fine group of showy things, in which Odonto-
glossums and Cattleyas were pcs oa also two fine plants of Caelogyne
pandurata. Bs

M. A. A. — St. Gilles, Brussels, sent the handsome Cattleya x

188 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Kerchoveana (Schilleriana X granulosa) Odontoglossums X Rolfez vars.
ardentissimum and optimum, O. X Adriane mirabile, a large, spotted form»
and the handsome O. crispum Queen Victoria.

MM. Jansseris and Putzys, Antwerp, sent some good Cdantoglassams,
and Cattleya intermedia Bijou, a pretty, pearl pink variety.

In conclusion we noted some fine hybrid Lzlio-cattleyas ina group of
miscellaneous plants shown by Messrs. James Veitch and Son, of Chelsea.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
A MEETING of this Society was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester,
on April 18th, when the exhibits were numerous and excellent, the awards
including eleven First-class Certificates and twenty-one Awards of Merit.

Mrs. Briggs Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), received a Silver
Medal for a fine group, First-class Certificates being further given to
Odontoglossum crispum Stevensii,O.c. Princess Royal, O.c. Empress
Frederica, and O. c. Lady Ermentrude, and Awards of Merit to O. Queen
Alexandra, O. Victoria Queen, Cattleya Schrcederz alba, and Lzlio-cattleya
x Imperatrice de Russie. _

J. Lehmann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), staged a splendid
group, gaining a Silver-gilt Medal, also an Award of Merit tor Odonto-
glossum x tigrinum. -

R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. ‘Mr. Pidsley) also contributed a fine
group, which received a Silver Medal. A First-class Certificate was given
to Cypripedium callosum Sanderz, and Awards of Merit to Odontoglossum
Cervantesii decorum and O. seedling.

H. H. Bolton, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Eastwood), received Awards of
Merit for Lelio-cattleya x Gladys, Odontoglossum x Adrianz Countess
Grey, Cattleya Schroedere Distinction, and Dendrobium x pinmeernennea:
grandiflorum Heightside var.

Dr. Hodgkinson, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Woore), received an Award of
Merit for Dendrobium x Lilian.

E. Rogerson, Esq., received a similar Award for Lycaste Mrs. E. Rogerson.

S.Walker, Esq., received an Award of Merit for Odontoglossum nebulosum.

a). 0: Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), received an Award of
Merit for Dendrobium x Socius.

Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, received First-class Certificates for Mil-
_ tonia x Bleuana, Odontoglossum x loochristiense Statesman, and Cypri-
_pedium callosum Sander, and an Award of i for iar es Mossiz
‘Duchess of York.
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chien received Fi dectoolade Certificates
_ for Cypripedium x Wottoni oe aaa and ek ee x Dominiana
_ langleyensis superba. —

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 189

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, received Awards of Merit for Den-
drobium Boxallii, Cattleya Trianz perfecta and C. Schroedere ccerulescens.

Messrs. John Cowan & Co., Gateacre, received Awards of Merit for
Odontoglossum crispum, O. Yellow Gem, and Lelia tenebrosa X Dayana.

Hamar Bass, Esq., Byrkley (gt. Mr. Nesbit); received a Cultural
Certificate for Odontoglossum crispum Byrkley var.

The Annual General Meeting was held at the Coal Exchange, Man-
chester, on May 16th, and was well attended by the members. The report
and balance-sheet showed the Society to be in a flourishing condition.

The awards in the annual competition were reported as follows :—J.
Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), won the Gold Medal for
the highest number of marks gained during the year; O. O. Wrigley, Esq.,
Bury, (gr. Mr. Rogers), was second, Silver-gilt Medal; and S. Gratrix,
Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Cypher), third, Silver Medal.

The meeting adopted the following resolution :—‘‘ That one First-class
Certificate only be awarded to any one distinct plant, and that, if desired by
_other owners of plants which have been previously certificated, a warrant

shall be given under the direction of the committee, stating that the plant
or plants exhibited by them are similar to those which have been awarded a
_ First-class Certificate by the committee.”

There was a fine display of Orchids, and the awards included four
First-class Certificates, and nine Awards of Merit, besides three Medals.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey, (gr. Mr. Edge), staged a fine group
of choice things to which a Gold Medal was awarded. First-class Certifi-
cates were given to Cattleya intermedia alba Leemann'’s variety, and
Odontoglossum crispum Confetti, and Awards of Merit to O. c. Countess
of Derby, O. c. Domino, O. c. Mrs. Leemann, and O. c. Ruby Gem.

W. E. Watson, Esq., Stretford, (gr. Mr. Jones), contributed a very
beautiful group, which gained a Silver Medal, and Awards of Merit were
given to Cattleya Schcedere and C. citrina Watson’s var.

T. Baxter, Esq., Morecambe (gr. Mr. Roberts), also received a Silver
Medal fora very beautiful group, and.an Award of Merit was given to
Odontoglossum crispum var. Premier.

W. Duckworth, Esq., Flixton, (gr. Mr. Tindall), received an Award
of Merit for the handsome Cattleya Mossiz heatonense.

Mr. James Cyper, Cheltenham, staged a group of good things, and
received a Vote of Thanks. na

Messrs. John Cowan & Co., Gateacre, received a First-class Certificate
for Odontoglossum crispum var. Perfection, and an Award of Merit for O.

x loochristiense roseum. é ny

Mr. A. is Keeling, Cottingley, Bingley, received an Award of Merit for
_a beautiful Cattleya called C. Skinneri alba Keeling’s var.

190 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
. NOTICE OF BOOK.

Sander’s Orchid Guide Book. ¥F. Sander & Co., St. Albans. Large 8vo.,
PPp- 339.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co. have now issued an Orchid Guide Book ‘of
the ‘‘ best known species, varieties, and hybrids of Orchids in cultivation,
their native countries, descriptions, seasons of flowering, best methods of
cultivation, temperatures, &c.”” The arrangement is alphabetical, and the
information is given in five parallel columns, containing the name, native
country, brief description of flowers, season of blooming, and price; with
a short, preliminary chapter on general culture, and further details under
each genus. The hybrids are arranged at the end of each genus, in three
columns, of which the first gives names and parentage, and the prices are often
omitted. Turning to the popular genus Cattleya we find that the closely allied
species of the labiata group are treated separately, but under the guttata group
the authors have not emancipated themselves from the old nomenclature, for

- we find Cattleya amethystoglossa given as a synonym of C. guttata Prinzii,
instead of the other way about, as it should have been. A similar remark
applies to Cattleya and Lelia Dormaniana, and various others. Cypripedium
is retained ‘‘ for the sake of convenience,” but an outline of the four genera
into which it is now divided is given, and under their recent names. At
the end of the work is given an alphabetical list of hybrid Orchids, which is
intended to be complete as far as possible, arranged in three tables :—1,
name of hybrid, 2, of seed parent, and 3, of pollen parent, the information
being repeated under each, but without further details. This is very useful,
but we note that the hybrid between Cypripedium barbatum and bellatulum
appears under six different names, and the record C. caudatum x leucor-
thodum, ‘‘ Miss H. A. Roebling,” and in the very next line, “‘ Mrs. W. A.
Roebling ” is a typeof a kind of duplication which might have been avoided

with advantage. It conclusion we must add that the work contains a large
amount of useful information to Orchid growers in very handy form.

He THE HYBRIDIST.

_PAPHIOPEDILUM X VANNERI.—A distinct and striking hybrid, raised in
: the collection of the late W. Vanner, Esq., Camden Wood, Chislehurst, by |
a ‘Mr. Robbins, from P. X Calypso Cooksoni ? and P. Chamberlainianum
i g. The scape sent bears two flowers, which most resemble those of the
pollen parent in shape and general character, though enlarged and modi-
fied in colour and other details. The dorsal sepal is rounded, 14 inches
broad, and very light whitish green, suffused with light shining brown to
. iirgay the eee the petals Haslet, ae, inches Hones ciliate, and much |

%e

ape oS

THE ORCHID REVIEW. IQ

suffused with shining brown ; the lip two inches long, laterally compressed,
and still darker in colour; and the staminode obovately dilated, and light
brown witha darker blotch in front. It appears to have an excellent
constitution and is likely to-develop into a fine thing. It is dedicated to
the late Mr. W. Varner, who for many years was a most enthusiastic
amateur of Orchids. The flowers were sent by J. E. Vanner, Esq., of the
same address, and it is plesant to find that the collection is being continued,
and still under the care of Mr. Robbins.

\

NOTES.
Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during June, on the 4th and 18th,
when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold
meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on June 6th and 20th.

A flower of a very remarkable variety of Dendrobium Wardianum is
sent from the collection of F. A. Rehder, Esq., The Avenue, Gipsy Hill, in
which all the sepals and petals are light yellow with the usual rosy tips. It
is from an imported plant, and Mr. Rehder believes it to be unique. It is
certainly very striking and beautiful, but we are puzzled to account for such
a marked departure from the type, and shall be much interested to know
if it proves constant. It is provisionally named D. Wardianum aureum.

‘We have received from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park,

Enfield, a flower of the charming Cattleya Mendelii Mrs. Robert Tunstill,

which received an Award of Merit from the R. H.S. at the Temple Show.
It is of excellent shape, with a much crisped lip, and the colour pure white,
with a broad, semicircular or horse-shoe shaped marking in front of the

light yellow disc. It is dedicated to the wife of R. Tunstill, Esq., of

Burnley, Leeds, an enthusiastic amateur of Orchids.

American Gardening for April 27th announces :—“ Charles Maynard will,
we understand, shortly take charge of Mr. George Schlegel’s garden and
collection of Orchids.” Mr. Maynard will be well remembered on this side

of the water as for some years in charge of the hybridising department
of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., and the raiser of many striking novelties.

Speaking of Hybrid Phalzenopses, Indian Gardening remarks in its issue
for April 25th, that it may interest Orchidists to learn that Mr. Gisseliere,

_ Superintendent of the Agri-Horticultural Society’s Gardens, Alipur, has

__ been hybridising several of this genus, and will shortly be able to add a few

Be yt new hybrids to our existing varieties of Phalaenopsis.

ree

192 _ THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CATTLEYA MENDELII His Majesty.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 323, with |
fig, VAR. QUEEN ALEXANDRA.—/ourn. Hort., 1901, xlii., p. 409, with fig.

C. x Miss Harris, vAR. E. AsHworTH.—Gard. Chron., 1901, Xxix.’
p- 302, Suppl. fig.

C. Mossn® VAR. MADAME LuciEN LiInpDEN.—Lindenia, t. 733-

C. SCHR@DERE HEATONENSE.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 305, with fig.

C@LOGYNE BARBATA, Griff.—Lindemta, t. 735-

C. crISTATA (at Garthynghard).—/Journ. Hort., 1901, xlii., p. 385, with fig.

CyYpRIPEDIUM X ALBERTIANUM VAR. ROTUNDIFLORUM.—Lindenia, t. 734-

C. XX BINGLEYENSE VAR. LONGWOODENSE.—Amer. Gard., I9OI, Pp. 350;
fig. 76.

C. X GERTRUDE HoLtincton.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xlii., p. 431, with
fig.

C. INSIGNE VAR. CHANTINI, SUB-VAR. LinDENI.—Lindemia, t. 738.

DENDROBIUM BRYMERIANUM.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xlil., pp. 341, 343,
with fig.

D. NOBILE (specimen).—Garden, 1901, lix., p. 377; with fig.

EpIDENDRUM X CLARISSA SUPERBA.—Journ. Hort., 1go1, xlil., p- 341;
with fig

ERIOPSIS RUTIDOBULBON, Hook. ae Seas, $257.30.

L#LIA ANCEPS SANDERIANA.—Amer. Gard., 1901, 331, fig. 72.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X EpGAR WIGAN.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 317, with fig.

ODONTOGLOSSUM X ADRIAN& CoppiaNuM.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 304;
with fig. Var. CRAWSHAYANUM.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xlil., p. 363, with fig.

O. crispuM ConFETTI.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 303, with fig. VAR.
FRANZ MASEREEL.—Garden, 1901, lix., p. 328, with fig.

O. POLYXANTHUM.—Gard: World, 1901, p. 589, with fig.

O. X RUCKERIANUM Mrs. R. BrooMan WHITE.—Gard. Chron., 1901,
XXIX., Pp. 279, fig. 102.

PHAIO-CALANTHE X SCHR@DERIANA.—/ourn. Hort., 1g0t, xlil., p- Sie
with fig.

CORRESPONDENCE. &c,

aia ee da not answered here may find replies to their queries on — POSE) | and in some
ases, for various reasons, they may have to stand over fora future issue. In the c se of hybrid seedlings

ao Seat a name, the ¢ parentage and history should ee be briefly stated, for soithout these details we
; are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily.)

1, C. Avery good form of Lelia grandiflora dirtasetiay:

~L. C. Lelio-cattleya Schilleriana. :
Photographs received, with thanks. J. E.R. R.M. P: (next month).
Received. J: Mi, J.WePy WIE YY, Di WRAY. BLDR, EFC,
Owing to pressure on our space several notes are unavoidably postponed _ _

STANLEY, ASHTON & Co.,
SOUTHGATE, LONDON, N.,

Ss tas importing the FINEST ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Colombia produces.
and guarantee all their plants.

All buyers of the true “Native Pacho” should write; they are promised

fullest satisfaction in advance.

FOR SALE. THE AMATEUR ORCHID CULTIVATORS.
GUIDE BOOK,

The Garden, vols. xi. to xxix., in H. A. BURBERRY, F-R.H.S.
their original green binding. | An excellent practical treatise on Orchid Culture,

with four coloured plates, containing 40 species,
and numerous photo- illustrations.

Lindenia, vols. ii. to iv.; and

Together or separately.

Address: Mrs. ROSS,
Poggio Gherardo,
23, Via Settignanese,
Florence, Italy.

Orchids! Orchids!

. ., 6O000000000000000008 4990006000000

JOHN COWAN & CO.

HAVE AN IMMENSE STOCK OF ORCHIDS
Tens of Thousands of HEALTHY, VIGOROUS, WELL-GROWN PLANTS,

in great Variety ; and additions are constantly being made by the Purchasing of Private
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ll
Third Edition. In cloth, price 5/6, post free.

“ORCHID REVIEW” OFFICE.

The Company are constantly receiving Importations of Orchids from various parts
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Descriptive and Priced Cataiogues of their Stock of Established Orchids, as well as of
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Gateacre Nurseries, Gateacre, near Liverpool.

MURRAY’S PATENT
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One gentleman says: “I consider
your visit has been worth {100 to me.’

All desirous. of pasate the’ benefit
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CONTAINING
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En Fllustrated Monthly Journal,

PEVOTE DD: TO“ ORCHIDOLOGT:

5 Contents.
PAGE PAGE.
- Anguloa x dubia a eee at bos =i eipieton Obs re a ge
Brazilian Cattleyas and Leelias. Se vxo 204 Fe Sb
Calendar of Operations for Jul uly ice BETO Bic foatccearn x Adriane Marjorie es. BOG
Correspondence, &c. ee ... 224 | Orchid, a dimorphic ee teas
Dendrobium x Waltoni- 208 | Orchid growing in the desert a 1. f9S
alg sonparey ates des Orchi Orchid nomenclature ... oe oo ge
sey ,- 215 | Orchid Portraits ea EA Sg Moe
| ee Orchid. eige 31. aS agecrnd at Darjeeling ... = i oe
aN . 196 | Orchids at Kew. ae ae wccoee
peaerees x Wilsoni te ee ot Decides in ‘Austialia oF as Pag Se
Leha x Diana cue ree 197 | Orchids in * Pepper gardens oe Sa, Bg
Leelio-cattleya Ballii | Orchids in season : 7. eee

as Hybrid, False ...

. - Lelia crispa (Fig

ei ey

pe ces x a ve cc 308
Lelio-cattleya x Vine ei AEF
Paphiopedtili x Yourgic 6

. 5

I

29) . Ge
© Lelia pranciiore ma variety es eee ee |

| Societies 21
Manchester and North of England
220

19 sug
are: Royal SEP ate AME os i
201 | Stanhopea Lowii (Fig. 31) Ha ren, 210

Stanhopea Wardii Fe 39) +r 3: 200

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~ MANUAL OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS,

CULTIVATED UNDER iceeaboaad tt IN webs Ss BRITAIN.

(Illustrated with Maps and nw us Engraving

HIS worl contains descriptions of all the most important species and sas in emia. their Origin, |

_ Botanica’ 1 History, Date of In troduction, together with oe Agrees

= It has been compiled to supply é Onis oe fuller account of the
principal genera, species, and varieties cultivated under glass hen is quer
rchid culture du

rapid extension of Orchi Mes re during the last quarter of a century, resulting from t
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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

[No. 103.

Vou. 1X.) JULY: tgot.

DIES ORCHIDIANI.

OnE of my correspondents seems to think that I am interested in ‘“ extra-
ordinary Orchids,’ and obligingly sends me a newspaper cutting, accom-
panied by a sketch, which he thinks has fully earned the title. I think so,
too, but my readers may prefer to judge for themselves, so let me repro-
duce the story, which is perhaps graphic enough to do without the sketch.
The latter I am sorry to say was not prepared from a photograph, and our
Editor I believe has a weakness for such things—a fact which the writer of
the story will perhaps bear in mind another time. I may also add that I
do not follow all the details, but then only the cinematograph would do
justice to such a subject. Silence, please, for the story.

‘ EXTRAORDINARY ORCHID,
LETS DOWN A PIPE TO DRINK.

‘‘ What is probably the most extraordinary plant ever discovered has
now been found by E. A. Suverkrop, of Philadelphia, who, during trips
to South America, has for some years been contributing to the collection of
his friend, Professor N. E. Brown, of the Herbarium, Kew Gardens,
London. The amazing plant which Mr. Suverkrop has now found is an
Orchid which takes a drink whenever it feels thirsty by letting down a tube
into the water, the tube, when not in use, being coiled up on top of the

plant.
*© ONE HOT AFTERNOON.

“One hot afternoon,” says Mr. Suverkrop, “I sat down under some
brushwood at the side of a lagoon on the Rio dela Plata. Near at hand
was a forest of dead, shorn trees, which had actually been choked to death
by Orchids and climbing cacti. In front of me, and stretching over the

194 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

water of the lagoon, and about a foot above it, was a branch of one of these
dead trees. Here and there clusters of common planta del ayre grew on it,
and a network of green cacti twined round it. Among the Orchids I noted
one different from the rest, the leaves, sharp, lancehead shaped, growing all
round the root and radiating from it. From the centre or axis of the plant
hung a long, slender stem about one-eighth of an inch wide, the lower end
of which was in the water to the depth of about four inches.
‘*LIKE A ROLL OF TAPE.

‘<T at once went over to examine my discovery. Imagine my surprise
when I touched the plant to see this centre stem gradually contract and
convulsively roll itself up in a spiral like a roll of tape, and when the plant
was in want of water this tube would gradually unwind till it dipped into
the water.

‘*SLOWLY COIL AND WIND UP.

“Then it wculd slowly coil round and wind up, carrying with it the
amount of water that that part of the tube which had been immersed con-
tained, until, when the final coil was taken, the water was dumped, as it
were, direct into the roots of the plant. The coil remained in this position
until the plant required more water. Should the plant, however, be touched
while the tube is extended, the Orchid acts like the sensitive plant (Mimosa)
and the coiling action is much more rapid.”

There it is, and I am coolly asked what I think of it? Why not ask me
to determine the genus; or to say what particular part of the plant that
mysterious ‘‘ tube ” represents ? A few other questions might also be asked,
but when one begins to dissect a story of this kind one never knows when
to stop. On the whole I prefer to wait till someone sends a “ specimen,”’
which could be dealt with more satisfactorily. Its investigation will no
doubt yield some equally startling results—when it comes.

We have had an interesting little discussion on Orchid Nomenclature,
though, so far as I can see, without any very practical results. The remarks of
‘‘ Spectator” at page 180 seem to be very much to the point. It 1s doubtful
whether a great Central Authority would effect much improvement unless
Orchidists are prepared to support its decisions regardless of personal
considerations. But there seems to be-no known method of combining the
conflicting interests which are at work. -We do not want a repetition of the
farce of appointing a Nomenclature Committee to draw up Rules, but with-
out the power to see them enforced. It would be better to allow things to
to drift on as at present, and in any case the result would be much the same.
What is wanted is a few simple Rules, and a Censor who will see that they
are rigidly enforced. The former we already have, and the chief difficulty

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 195

about the latter will be to invest him with the necessary powers. When this
is accomplished there will be some chance of improvement.

I alluded at page 162 to the splendid group of Orchids exhibited by
Sir Frederick Wigan, at the Temple Show, which gained the Sherwood
Silver Cup. The Council of the Royal Horticultural Society have since
awarded a Gold Medal to the group in recognition of its excellence, and I
may congratulate Sir Frederick and his able grower, Mr. Young, on the

double honour.
ARGUS.

ee A DIMORPHIC ORCHID.
A VERY curious Orchid, which had been imported from New Grenada,
has just flowered in the establishment L’ Horticulture Coloniale, at Brussels.
It had at first three strong, sessile pseudobulbs, not unlike those of a large
Oncidium, but from the last was produced a large leafy shoot, from the
angles of which the flowers are at length produced, showing the plant to be
an Ornithidium. This peculiar method of growth seems to be characteristic
of many of the Ornithidiums. Some time ago a plant of O. coccineum in
the collection of Baron Sir H. Schréder, was notedin these pages as “a very
remarkable as well as pretty plant, for it has two kinds of growth; one an
ordinary pseudobulb, the other a leafy flowering shoot, and the latter on the
plant in question has produced a succession of flowers for the last four or
five years” (Orchid Review, v. p., 228). Of the plant first mentioned—
which has now been presented to Kew—M. Lucien Linden remarks that it
has attracted much attention from visitors on account of its curious
character. It is peculiar in having produced three ordinary pseudobulbs in
succession before the leafy shoot appeared, by which the appearance of the
plant was completely altered. These bulbs range from 14 to 2% inches
long by about three-quarters as broad, and are somewhat compressed.
Each bears a single leaf at the apex and a pair of others at the base, all
being strap-shaped, somewhat recurved, aad ranging from three-quarters to
over a foot long. The leafy shoot is a foot high, and bears twenty leaves
ranging from 2} to 4 inches long. The first flower produced proves to be
abnormal, having three lips, but this is probably an accidental occurrence.
It is about equal to O. coccinea in size, but the colour is bright yellow with
a crimson blotch on the front of the lip. Its name is at present uncertain.
It would be interesting to discover the reason why several species of this
genus have acquired the character of producing a special kind of flowering

growth.
RA. R:

196 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

THE HYBRIDIST.
L#LIO-CATTLEYA X EDGAR WIGAN.

A very handsome hybrid was exhibited at the Temple Show by Sir
Frederick Wigan, Bart., under the name of Lzlio-cattleya x Edgar Wigan,
and was awarded a First-class Certificate. Its parentage was recorded as
Lzlio-cattleya x Aphrodite ¢ and Lelia Digbyana ¢, and as the former
was derived from Lelia purpurata and Cattleya Mendelii the novelty has
three species in its ancestry. A flower sent by Mr. Young shows that the
Lelia Digbyana characters again come out very strongly, both as regards
shape and colour. The general shape is that of the latter, with a more
entire, much less fringed lip, and the petals enlarged to two inches broad.
The greater part of the flower is of a delicate blush pink, with a light yellow
tinge in the throat of the lip, and the front lobe a rather brighter pink than
the rest of the flower. It isa magnificent flower, but the Lelia Digbyana
influence has, as usual, obliterated most of the rich purple colour seen in the
lip of the other parent.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X YOUNGI&.—Two plants of a very promising hybrid
from the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool, were
exhibited at the Temple Show. They were derived from P. bellatulum ¢
and P. Hookere Volonteanum ¢, and are now flowering for the first time
from seed sown in February, 1895. The seedlings first appeared in July,
1896. The plants are dwarf, and most resemble the seed-parent in general
character, though the flower is modified in shape, and closely mottled and
spotted with red-purple on a lighter ground. The leaves are also very
prettily variegated. The plantsare still very small, and, it is evident, will
improve considerably when they become stronger. The staminode of one
flower, it may be remarked, was green on one half, and purple on the other,
giving it a harlequin-like appearance, but this may not prove constant. It
is dedicated to Mrs. Young.

DENDROBIUM X WILsonI.—An interesting hybrid Dendrobium is sent
by Mr. D. Wilson, Tollcross Park, Glasgow, together with its two parents,
D. nobile (a fine coloured form) @ and D. X Owenianum ¢. The cross
was made when Mr. Wilson was gardener to Hugh Stevens, Esq., West-
mount, Kelvinside, Glasgow, and, on leaving, Mr. Stevens gave him a few of
the seedlings, of which the first has now flowered. D. X Owenianum is a
hybrid from D. Linawianum and D. Wardianum—really a variety of D. X
chlorostele—and the present novelty most resembles a light form of D.
nobile. The sepals and the upper quarter of the petals and tip of the lip
are light rose purple, the rest of the flower being white with a dark maroon
disc. The yellow of the pollen parent seems quite obliterated in the first

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 197

seedling. With such a parentage it can hardly fail to develop into a fine
thing, even if less distinct in colour than could have been wished, and other
seedlings may vary in this respect.

Lauia X Diana.—A hybrid between Lelia purpurata and L. Dayana
ought to be a fine thing, and it is surprising that it has not appeared before.
Mr. A. J. Keeling, of Cottingley, Bingley, has now flowered such a plant—
the seed parent being L. purpurata rosea—and it is just as good as might
have been anticipated. Moderate in size, excellent in shape, and extremely
rich in colour, it is a decided acquisition. It is most like L. Dayana in
shape, and the petals measure 24 inches long by over 1} inches broad, while
the lip is large and nicely undulated. In colour the latter organ is a very
deep, almost blackish purple, rather lighter in front and at the extreme base,
while the rest of the flower is very bright rose-purple. The prominent keels
of L. Dayana are only represented by rather darker, scarcely thickened
veins. The plant is four years old and not yet fully developed. The
flower sent is from a plant exhibited at the R. H. S. meeting on June
18th last.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X ViNESI#.—A handsome hybrid from the collection
of E. F. Clark, Esq., Chamonix, Teignmouth, which was purchased from
_ Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., of Bradford, as a hybrid derived from Lelia
tenebrosa X Lelio-cattleya X Phoebe. The latter was derived from Lelia
cinnabarina and Cattleya Mossiz — and is indeed a form of L.-c. X
Hippolyta, originating from the reversed cross—and the new hybrid is such
a plant as might have been expected. The sepals and petals are tawny
yellow—the latter measuring over three inches long by nearly 1} broad—
and the lip much like that of L. tenebrosa, but smaller and of a brighter
purple. It is a most promising hybrid, and should develop into a fine thing
when the plant becomes strong. It is dedicated by request to Mrs. Clark,
née Miss Edith Vines.

L#&LIO-CATTLEYA X BALLUI.—This is a very handsome hybrid originally
raised by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons from Lelia cinnabarina ¢ and
Cattleya Schroeder g. A very beautiful flower of a hybrid derived from
the same two species is sent from the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq.,
Chamonix, Teignmouth. It bears a general resemblance to the former,
much enlarged in size, and the colour is deep orange-yellow, with the
front part of the lip more or less suffused with a reddish tinge in front
of the orange disc. Several plants of this fine hybrid appeared in groups
at the Temple Show, varying somewhat in colour, but the front lobe
of the lip seems to be generally lighter than in other hybrids between
L. cinnabarina and the species of the labiata group. It is a very hand-
some hybrid.

198 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID GROWING IN THE DESERT.

No doubt it will appear somewhat strange to the readers of the ORCHID
REVIEW to hear that under the burning sky of the North West Provinces
of India—where a most merciless sun not only makes plant life nearly an
impossibility, but is also most trying to human life; where during the
summer months the temperature rises as high as 105° in the shade, with
most terrific burning winds, often accompanied by tremendous sand storms
—a faithful reader is trying to give a home to some of our favourites.
During the winter months the change which takes place is also most
remarkable, the temperature falling nearly to freezing point, which makes
plants in general, and exotics in particular, most difficult to keep alive.

Do not expect to hear of such plants as Eulophiella Elisabeth or
Peetersiana, Phaius tuberculosus or Diacrium bicornutum, growing here.
No! We have to be more moderate in our enterprise and wishes. A couple
of dozen species only have up to now succeeded in this part of the world.
They are mostly Himalayan species, and it is most wonderful to observe
to what curious conditions some of them are adapting themselves. It is
thus that our common Bengal Dendrobium Pierardi has found a place here,
where no greater extreme in atmospheric moisture could be found. Still,
with care and attention in providing a constant artificial dampness, our
plant in question has favoured us with a profusion of blooms, and is making
fairly good growth. D. thyrsiflorum, densiflorum, nobile, Wardianum,
aureum, lituiflorum, Dalhousianum, are under special care, and several of
them are making pretty good growth. With the exception of D. aureum and
Wardianum, all have flowered most wonderfully, considering the circum-
stances under which they are placed. In the case of D. lituiflorum, a
most curious thing happened, for half the flowers were self fertilized and
produced a quantity of seed pods.

Cymbidium aloifolium is really worth recording for its adaptibility to
circumstances. On my arrival here I found a few specimens of it
thriving under most strange conditions. Some are simply plunged into a pot
with a few ashes, others just resting on broken pots, and according to
tradition these unfortunate plants have been treated thus for years. They
flowered most profusely.

A few terrestrial species have also been tried. | Phaius Wallichii seems
to be doing well; Cypripedium insigne and Spicerianum seem to feel the
intensely burning heat ; C. venustum appears more robust ; Bletia hyacinthina
is just showing its buds; Eulophia andamanica and Geodorum dilatatum are
also growing, but no signs of flower are to be detected. Aérides affine, Field-
ingii, odoratum, and radicosum, together with Saccolabium ampullaceum,
S. guttatum, and Sarcanthus pallidus have, to my great astonishment,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 199

survived two most severe summers, and several of them have rewarded me
for my constant attention by a few flower spikes.

Vanda teres is still in flower, but who would realize the amount of care it
requires? Vanilla planifolia, a lover of moisture, has thrived most success-
fully: through our dry season. A few other Orchids have also rewarded me
for my care; such as Eria flava, and Coelogyne flaccida, which have made
quite as nice a show as could be expected in European culture.

Now I must give you a little idea how plants of this kind are grown in
this part of the world. Some twelve months ago I erected a conservatory
110 feet long by 40 feet wide, and 15ft. high in the centre. It is carefully
protected from the burning winds by a big wall and partly shaded by
surrounding trees. This conservatory is entirely made of iron covered with
wire netting, and a double covering of ‘‘ chicks” or bamboo blinds right
over, which cut off the radiation considerably.

A rockery composed of dead tree trunks and stones of various kinds has
enabled me to plant the different species according to their natural requir-
ments, and it is only by constant care and attention, and supplying the
essential element of moisture, that such epiphytic species have fought and
overcome the natural inclemency of this desert-like country.

Horticulture under similar circumstances is a most trying undertaking,
but nevertheless interesting, as it shows to what extent and how far the

adaptability of plant life goes.
A. E. P. GRIESSEN.

Taj and Govt. Gardens, Agra, N.W.P.

ORCHID NOMENCLATURE.

On page 180 of your June issue a writer, “Spectator,” suggests a doubt as
to whether support would be given to the decision of a ‘‘ Central Orchid
Society ” in the nomenclature of Orchids, and adding that he fears that with-
out support the effort to work improvement in this way is certain to fail.
Would not something in the way of winning the needed support be
accomplished if buyers, in general, would ask for such a certificate as a
‘Central Orchid Society” might give ?

To a grower who really loves his Orchids, his plants become more or
less individualized, and he is entirely justified in having names for the indi-
viduals, if he so chooses, while they are in his own house, but the cold-
hearted buyer is equally justified in ignoring this individuality, and in asking
for some name that, having less of the personal, will be sure to have more

of authority. F. J. Le Moyne

Chicago.

200 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ODONTOGLOSSUM x ADRIANZ MARJORIE.

Tuis is a very curious variety sent from the collection of Richard Ashworth,
Esq., Ashlands, Newchurch, near Manchester, by Mr. Pidsley. The petals
are short, broad, and distinctly concave, owing to the margin of the upper
half being infolded, while just within the margin there is a row of small
red-brown spots, the centre being white. The lip is also very short, and
margined all round with more or less confluent spots. It was thought to -
be a form of O. crispum, but the shape and size of the flower, the nature of
the crest, and the broad, crenulate, spotted column, together with the red-
purple upper part of the column are rather those of O. x Adriane. The
sepals are white with a few medium-sized blotches. It was purchased from
Messrs. James Backhouse & Son, of York, two years ago as a very small
imported plant, being then in bloom. Last year it failed to flower, but this
year it again shows the same remarkable character, which suggests that the
character may be permanent. The flower is said to be larger than two
years ago, but the plant is still small. Mr. Pidsley remarks that he has never
seen a flower having such peculiar petals and lip, with the spots arranged
round the margins. It is certainly a very remarkable form, and we should
like to see it again when fully developed.

ORCHIDS IN AUSTRALIA.

Havinc been a subscriber to the ORcHID Review for about five years, and
having noticed that you like to get the views of your readers, I have many
times thought of sending you some photographs of my Orchids, to show
you that we have a few in cultivation in this part of the Empire. I lately
had a plant in flower which was bought as Cattleya crispa, though the
lip to my mind is the only part which agrees with the description. The
flowers are 6 to 64 inches across, and uniform in colour, being of a beautiful
rose-pink, and the lip quite a work of art. It has flowered twice with me,
the first time with five flowers and the next time with six, and as I havea
break just now as thick as one’s thumb, and about five inches high, I shall
look for eight blooms this time. It is half of a plant imported many years
ago to Jamaica, where I got it. I send a photograph which may be inter-
esting to your readers, if you think it worth while to reproduce it, as I don’t
suppose you hear much from this side of the world.

I am only an amateur grower of Orchids, and am forming my collection’
slowly, as they are difficult to get here. I imported some Cattleyas last
July, and lost two only; when potted up they made eighteen plants.
Cattleyas grow well here, some having made seven growths ona single
plant, and of the new ones five are now in flower or sheath. I should

sepals and petals are unusually brigh

the variety purpurea (Warn. Sel. Orch

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 201

be glad to communicate to you respecting anything I grow, if worth while.

I have two fine pods of seed on a real good form of Vanda tricolor, one

fertilized with its own pollen, and the other with pollen from Saccolabium

Blumei, both on the same day. They are now two months old, and the

former is about seven inches long, and the other only
spotted with white, but both look healthy.

Brunswick,

four inches and all

Re M. PooLe:
Victoria, Australia

(The photograph represents a fine example of Lelia crispa—Cattleya
crispa is an old name of the plant which stil

1 clings to it in some

gardens,

Fic. 29. L#LIA CRISPA.

though long known to be erroneous—| but according to the description the
righ colour, hence we should refer it to

rch., ii., t. 9). The sepals and petals

usually range from white to light | blush.

the Antipodes, where the conditions are so diff
vail here, and no doubt there are many species
a climate. We have p

hope to hear further of the progress of the collection.—E

It is interesting to find that Orchid culture is successfully practised at
lifferent from those which pre-
peculiarly adapted to such
ire in reproducing the

> photograph, and shal

202 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

LZLIA GRANDIFLORA AND VARIETY ALBA.

AN interesting note on “ Lelia majalis and variety alba,” by Mr. A.
Dimmock, appears in American Gardening for June Ist (vol. xxii., p. 398).
The white variety is very rare, if indeed it exists, in Europe, and we may add
by way of preface that as Lelia grandiflora is one of the two species on
which the genus was founded by Lindley (the other being L. autumnalis),
and hence antedates L. majalis, we adopt the name of L. grandiflora alba
for this variety.

“ The typical form of this Orchid has been imported by thousands from
Mexico to this country and Europe; cultivators have taxed their skill to
promote the longevity of the plant under artificial conditions, but we rarely
find it growing in a vigorous and thrifty state, and we yet have much to
learn regarding its culture. Some years ago Mr. Chas. Carpenter, of New
Brunswick, N.J., grew and flowered it for several years, growing it under
very cool conditions, suspended near the ventilators during growth, and in
the same house grew and flowered the beautiful Disa grandiflora, a plant
well known by Orchidists, and also a lover of cool treatment, and now rarely
seen in America. The natural conditions necessary for the welfare of this
Lelia are particularly wanting after three or four years under glass in its
northern home. By that time its natural sap gradually disappears, and
success in its cultivation can only be attained by endeavouring to aan
those ‘ natural conditions’ as nearly as possible.

“‘ A number of plants have been lost through resting after flowering, but
as the blossoms appear with the young growth, and flower before they are
fully developed, water should be given for three weeks or more after the
plant has flowered, to enable the bulb to get fully matured. Afterwards give
a good airy position and keep on the dry side, watering only to prevent the
bulbs from shrivelling. As soon as young growths appear give frequent
watering on bright days, with cnly slight protection from the sun’s rays.
Producing such a large flower from a small bulb, the resting period should
be carefully studied.

“ Quite a few ‘alberos’ of this species have been distributed through
this country. One of the largest specimens, with over 40 bulbs and 10 leads
_ Was some time ago in the D. S. Brown collection at St. Louis. It is also
_ Fepresented in the collections of E. G. Uihleen, of Chicago; J. H. Berry,
Detroit; Oakes Ames, of North Easton; Mrs. G. B. Wilson, of Philadelphia,
and several others. It is now in bloom with Hicks Arnold, in his collection

at Eighty-fourth Street, New York City. The blossoms are of the purest
_ White—in fact, it is the whitest form of any Lelia we have yet seen. It is
growing freely in a basket, and carries three spikes bearing blossoms of
«great size and ‘substance.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 203

“ In the Mexican exhibit at the Pan-American Exposition, a small plant
was recently flowering from a growth developed during its journey from its
native home.

“‘L. majalis alba was illustrated in Amer. Gard., vol. xx., p. 371.”

A very fine flower of the typical form is sent from the collection of Isaac
Carr, Esq., Twerton-on-Avon, Bath. Mr. Carr remarks that it has been
grown in the Cool House, where air is kept on night and day from September
to March, being kept rather dry.

Another splendid flower is sent from the collection of Sir Frederick
Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen, by Mr. Young. It has been well grown
here for many years, the secret of success being plenty of light and very
moderate watering all the year except when the plant is making new roots
and filling up the bulbs.

ORCHIDS AT DARJEELING.
“INDIAN GARDENING” for May 16th, gives an account of a Flower Show
held at Darjeeling, Sikkim, on May 6th, accompanied by four photographic
illustrations, which show that some beautiful flowers were brought together,
though Orchids were apparently not numerous.

A Silver Medal presented by S. P. Chatterjee for the best collection of
Orchids in flower, not less than six plants, was won by H.H. the Maharaja
of Cooch Behar, his exhibit of exotic Orchids having the preference over the
two other competitors, who showed those indigenous to the district.
Indian Gardening hopes to see this exhibit more largely contested on
another occasion, as there should be a wealth of Orchids to be got near by
that would compare favourably even with the Maharaja’s exotics, whose
names, by the way, are not given.

This exhibition was also first for a specimen Orchid, but again the
name is not given.

A prize was offered, for what, to us in Enzland, reads as somewhat novel,
namely :—The most artistic arrangement of wild-flowers in a vase, basket,
or bowl, including Orchids and Ferns. This was won by Mrs. Ew A.
Wernickie, with an arrangement of Orchids alone.

Other classes seem to have been well filled, and the Show, which is said
to have been in abeyance for an interval of over twenty years, is said to have
been so successful as to warrant the Committee to get up another Show for
the Autumn, and to make the Spring Show an annual one.

By the way, we do not remember to have heard any more about the
Indian Orchid Society which was inaugurated some time ago.

204 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

BRAZILIAN CATTLEYAS AND LALIAS.

Tue last issued part of Martin’s Flora Brasiliensis is chiefly devoted to
Cattleyas, Lzlias, and allied genera, and, as the latest revision of one of the
most popular groups of Orchids in cultivation, deserves a short notice. Of
the former genus thirty-four species are enumerated, the majority being
understood in the same sense as in the classification given in this work a
few years ago (Orch. Rev., iii:, pp. 266-270). But the following six, retained
as species, must be deducted as being of natural hybrid origin — C.
Patrociniil, C. sororia, C. Victoria-Regina, C. Whitei, C. Brymeriana,
and C. Isabella. Three others are mentioned as natural hybrids,
namely, C. intricata, C. scita, and C. Wilsoniana, and had the others
been treated in the same way this would have reduced the Brazilian
species to 28. But if we can congratulate M. Cogniaux on having adopted
a rational arrangement of the species of the guttata group, we cannot speak
of the labiata group in the same way. It is true that C. Eldorado is
admitted as a species, but except in this single detail C. labiata is under-
stood in the old aggregate sense, and this is how the question works itself
out. First of all eleven ‘‘ varieties” are admitted, namely :—vera, Dow-
iana, Gaskelliana, Lueddemanniana, Mendelii, Mossiz, Percivaliana,
Schroeder, Trianz, Warneri, and Warscewiczii. Each of these “varieties”
has again its own “varieties,

7

of which an enumeration is given. Thus

under vera about 71 varieties are enumerated, Dowiana has 16, Gaskelliana
11, Lueddemanniana 11, Mendelii 41, Percivaliana 6, Schroederz 7, War-
neri 4, and Warscewiczii 20. Var. Mossiz seems to have been difficult to
deal with, for we find a list of 83 in alphabetical order, and then batches of
21, 37, 9, and 7, arranged in the same way, while Trianz has three batches
of 118, 4, and 8 respectively. This makes a total ot about 474 “varieties
of varieties,” for they are enumerated as such—of this so-called species C.
labiata, to which a space of twenty pages is devoted, much of it closely
printed in small type. Considering that over 84 per cent. of these forms
are not Brazilian at all, one cannot help wondering why they are included
in a Flora of Brazil.

Lelia is divided into two sub-genera, Eulzlia and Lzlio-cattleya, the
latter including three species, elegans, amanda, and porphyritis, though it is
mentioned that they have been considered as natural hybrids. And here
we get a still more complex nomenclature, for we find Lelia grandis var.
tenebrosa, var. Gottoiana, var. marmorata, &c. Under Lelia elegans we find
about 46 varieties enumerated, then a variety Schilleriana, of which latter
variety 15 other ‘“‘varieties”’ are given, the whole requiring about six pages for
the elucidation ofthe question. Thisis a totally unnecessary complication,
for it is pointed out that Rolfe considers elegans as a natural hybrid

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 205

between L. purpurata and C. Leopoldi, and Schilleriana between iL
purpurata and C. intermedia, and the author might have added that the
second point had been confirmed by direct experiment. Leelio-cattleya
Pittiana is mentiozed in a note as probably a natural hybrid between
Lelia grandis and C. amethystoglossa, but Lelia Lindleyana is treated as
a species, and the view that it is a natural hybrid between Cattleya
intermedia and Brassavola tuberculata does not seem to have been con-
sidered even worthy of mention. A good many points about these natural
hybrids have been elucidated during recent years, and it is unfortunate that
so little use has been made of them by M. Cogniaux in his revision.

R.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

A very beautiful series of Orchids is sent from the collection of the
Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.-P., Highbury, Birmingham, by
Mr. Mackay. First may be mentioned a magnificent form of Lzlio-cattleya
x Aphrodite, in which the best characters of Lelia purpurata and Cattleya
Mendelii are combined. The sepals and petals are light blush, and the
expanded part of the lip rich crimson-purple, with a deep yellow throat.
L.-c. X radiata is also very beautiful, uniting the characters of L. purpurata
and C. dolosa, the sepals and petals being rosy-lilac, and the lip obscurely
three-lobed and more or less veined with dark purple on a lighter purple
ground. A flower of Cattleya Mendelii has only two sepals and two petals,
the lip being absent, and the column slender, laterally flattened, and with
an imperfect anther. It is of great size, the petals measuring 44 inches
long by 3 inches broad, and the colour blush white. A dozen forms of the
brilliant Masdevallia coccinea (Harryana) show the wide range of colour
seen in this handsome species, the most remarkable being var. armeniaca,
whose flowers are of a peculiar orange-red, and var. Comet, of an intense
crimson-scarlet. The others range from bright carmine down to light
purple, and the flowers are splendidly developed, showing evidence of good
culture. There are also flowers of M. caudata and M. X Shuttryana
Chamberlainii, the latter a fine hybrid between the two preceding, most
like M. caudata in general shape.

A flower of the beautiful, light-coloured Cattleya Mendelii Morganiz is
sent by Miss Mary Riley, Hapton House, Burnley. It was purchased
from Messrs. F. Sander & Co. by the late John Riley, Esq., and is said to be
part of the plant afterwards purchased by the Duke of Marlborough. The
purple blotch on the front of the lip is more broken up than in the original
figure (Orch, Alb., i., t. 6). The other is a fairly typical C. Mendelii, having
light blush sepals and petals, and the expanded front lobe of the lip rich
purple-crimson.

206 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

An inflorescence of Cattleya intermedia is sent from the collection of
E. F. Clark, Esq., of Teignmouth, of which one flower has three sepals
and four lips. The latter are arranged cruciformly and the column is
double, so that it looks like a union of two dimerous flowers. A seedling
from Paphiopedilum Boxallii x Leeanum is a brilliant little form of P. x
Adrastus, with a good deal of purple in the ground colour. P. X Crossi-
anum and P. Argus are good flowers of their respective types, and Cattleya
Schroederz is always very beautiful this season. A flower of the handsome
Phaius x Normani is also enclosed, together with Odontoglossum gloriosum,
a rosy form of O. Andersonianum, and an excellent form of O. Kegeljani
(polyxanthum).

A very fine form of Lzlia purpurata is sent from the collection of R. G.
Thwaites, Esq., of Streatham. It is perfect in shape and measures eight
inches in expanse across the petals. The expanded part of the lip is rich
purple with a white area at the apex, while the sepals and petals are pure
white. A good form of Odontoglossum xX Denisone (Wilckeanum) is also
sent, having copious brown markings on a light yellow ground, the sepals
being more than half brown. A very curious, nearly white form with only
a few small spots on the lipis also sent. It was exhibited at the R. H.S.
meeting on May 7th as O. X Wilckeanum Thwaitesianum (see page 183.)

A fine plant of Vanda teresin the collection of Dr. Cranstoun, of Ludlow,
‘was noted at page 223 of our last volume. Mr. Godfrey states that it has
again done well this year, in proof of which he sends two splendid spikes
bearing respectively seven and eleven flowers and buds, which are splendid
examples of good culture. In each case there are terminal bracts, which
suggest that even more flowers might ultimately be produced. Two fine
forms of Cattleya Mossie are also sent, one of which extends no less than
gt inches from tip to tip of the petals, and the other is very richly coloured.

Several beautiful flowers are sent from the collection of Sir Frederick
Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen, by Mr. Young. Lelio-cattleya X
Wiganie aurea (L.-c. x Gottoiana X C. Mossiz) is a most beautiful
flower, most like the former in general character. having the sepals and
petals of a peculiar shade of salmon-buff, and the lip purple with a darker
throat. The rare Cymbidium tigrinum is represented by a three-tlowered

Taceme, besides which may be mentioned the handsome Phalzenopsis
speciosa, Epidendrum Parkinsonianum with large, buff-coloured flowers,
and Miltonia vexillaria chelsoniensis, a good form bearing a rich brown
blotch on the disc of the lip, which breaks up into radiating lines in front.

oS A nine-flowered_ inflorescence of Miltonia flavescens is sent from the
establishment of Mr. A. J. Keeling, Cottingley, Bingley, Yorks. It is a

_ striking species, the bracts measuring from two to three inches long, and

the flowers ~- = with a t few Bight lines on the lip. The sepals ae

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 207

petals are rather narrow, which perhaps accounts for its being somewhat
rare in collections.

A spike of Cattleya Warscewiczii, bearing six splendid flowers, is sent
from the collection of Dr. Cranstoun, Broad Street, Ludlow, by Mr. Godfrey,
who remarks that there is a second spike of four flowers on the plant. A
ten-flowered spike of Epidendrum vitellinum is also sent, evidently from a
well-grown plant, as the flowers are splendidly developed. When thus
grown it is one of the most effective species in the genus.

ANGULOA x DUBIA

For many years I have been looking out for the plant described by Reichen-
bach, in 1882, as Anguloa dubia, “‘ 1. sp., s. hyd. (?)” and at last it has re-
appeared. It was originally described as follows :—‘‘ This is a very curious
plant. At first sight the flower reminds one of a lemon-coloured Anguloa
uniflora covered on the inside ot the sepals and petals with numerous
minute purple spots. The shape of the flower is like that peculiar one of
the species mentioned. The lip is very distinct. It is much compressed,
with angular lateral lobes, and avery small, triangular, reflexed anterior
lobe with very few short hairs. There is no vestige of that intrusion on
the inferior base that is so conspicuous in Anguloa uniflora. It is white
with purple blotches inside at the base of each side. The lacinize and
bidentate callus is ascending and naked, much like a sack. The rostellum
of the flower is very short. It is not proboscoid, as in A. uniflora, and there
is no running descending line on each side of it, as A. Clowesii and A.
Ruckeri. Its odour is very powerful. The plant may be a natural hybrid
between A. uniflora and A. Clowesii. It is highly desirable that it should
be well watched in future, to ascertain ifit is constant, or whether it changes
its features. It would, however, appear to be highly improbable that
several deviations had taken place at one time. It was imported with other
Orchids from the United States of Colombia, and is said to be like A.
Clowesii in growth. Mr. B. S. Williams is the possessor of this great
curiosity. If the A. media of Mr. Bowring were placed by its side it would
make a fine assemblage.’”—Gard. Chron., 1882, xvii., p. 764.

Shortly afterwards the author added :—‘ Mr. B. S. Williams has
kindly forwarded me a second flower, which is identical with the first
one in all minute details; hence, the fear of its being an abnormal state
is much lessened. This isa case of interest for science, as it has been
shown often by Messrs. Veitch.’”’—l.c., Xvili., p. 102.

What became of the original plant I have no idea, but one which has
now flowered with Mr. James O’Brien, Harrow-on-the-Hill, agrees in all

208 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

essential particulars. It was sent from Colombia by Consul F. C. Lehmann,
who thought it new. The flower, in point of size and shape of the perianth,
rather inclines towards A. uniflora, but the colour is light yellow, slightly
paler than in A. Clowesii, but with the addition of numerous minute red
dots so characteristic of the species first named. The column and lip,
however, are most like A. Clowesii in their essential details, and agree well
with the characters pointed out by Reichenbach. The lip is white, with
many red-brown dots on the lower part of the lobes, which are more or less
confluent intoa blotch. Its re-appearance is interesting, and I hope that
some of these days we shall hear of an artificially raised hybrid between the
two species. It has long been known that the three species of Anguloa,
Clowesii, Ruckeri, and uniflora, grow in the same district, and it is rather
singular that all the three possible hybrids between them have appeared,
either as natural or artificial hybrids. . All the hybrids seem to be very rare.
ie R. ALR.

‘DENDROBIUM x WALTONI.

WHEN a note on thevhistory of Dendrobium x Waltoni was given about
a year ago (Orch. Rev. viil., p. 177, fig. 29), the question of its first
appearance was not quite settled. It was traced back to April, 1879, when
Reichenbach hinted at an earlier appearance, for he remarked, “I have a
remembrance of Mr. Borwick (of Walthamstow) having spoken of a hybrid,
even having sent flowers. I was then as incredulous as St. Thomas himself.”
The point is cleared up in a letter received from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.
in February, 1891, which has been overlooked. The plant had then been
known for fourteen years, having appeared in the very first importation of
Dendrobium Wardianum Lowii received by them in 1875, and it was first
flowered by. Mr. Walton, gardener to Alfred Borwick, Esq., Higham Hill,
Walthamstow. It is suggested that the name D. x Waltoni was given by
Reichenbach, though it appears not to have been published until 1885, when
a note appeared in the Garden (xxvii., p. 119), presumably from the pen of
the late Mr. Gower. This point it might be difficult to clear up, unless the
original ietter could be found, or some evidence exists in the Reichen-
bachian Herharium. The uncertainty about its origin might easily account
for some delay in publication, but further evidence came to hand in due
time, and when, in 1892, Messrs. James Veitch & Sons flowered artificially
raised seedlings, all doubt about its being a natural hybrid between D.
crassinode and D. Wardianum vanished.

KOA. R.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 209

STANHOPEA WARDII

THE accompanying illustration represents an inflorescence of Stanhopea
Wardii from the collection of J. W. Arkle, Esq., of West Derby, Liverpool.
The plant was bought as newly imported about 12 months ago, and is
believed to have been sent home by a collector who was in search of
Cattleya Mendelii, though the exact district is uncertain, for, owing to the
revolution out there, the collector’s movements are said to have been some-
what erratic. The photograph was taken by Miss Arkle, and represents the
inflorescence as protruding from the bottom of the basket, the upper part
of the plant not being included.

Fic. 30. STANHOPEA WarDU.

The species was originally figured and described in Lindley’s Sertum
Orchidaceum (t. 20), from a plant which flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, of
Hackney, the author remarking that it was sent to England from La
Cynayra, Venezuela, by Mr. Ward, after whom it was named by Messrs.
Loddiges. Shortly afterwards it flowered with Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.,
and with George Barker, Esq., of Birmingham, the latter being figured in
Westcott & Knowle’s Floral Cabinet (ii. t. go). Messrs. Loddiges also
named a plant Stanhopea aurea, which was described by Lindley (Bot. Reg.,
1841, Misc., p. 11), with the remark that it came from Guatemala. It had

210 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

deep yellow flowers with two very dark blotches on the hypochil of the lip,
but it was afterwards made a variety of S. Wardii by Lindley (Fol. Orch.,
Stanh., p. 4), who also remarked that S. venusta was a whole-coloured
variety. The plant figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 5289) represents
the variety aurea, and is also said to have come from Guatemala. It
flowered at Kew. The one now figured most resembles the original form,
which had the sepals and petals much spotted. Thus the species appears to
be rather variable, and its geographical area is very imperfectly. known. It
is a very handsome plant and floriferous when well grown.

Stanhopeas are not difficult to cultivate. They should be grown in
shallow baskets in a compost of fibrous peat with a few crocks, and sus-
pended from the roof of the East Indian or Warm Cattleya House. During
active growth a good supply of water should be given, but when this is
completed they require a good rest during which period they should be kept
pretty dry at the roots. They will also succeed well in an ordinary stove
under the same treatment.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JULY.

By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.
Tue cold weather we have had up to the present has not been altogether
what Orchidists would term favourable for Orchid growing. Warmth from
the hot-water pipes has had to be a little too frequent, making a great deal
of extra work, because the plants dry more quickly and require water more
frequently. The atmosphere, too, needs watching more closely, or it soon
becomes dry and parched—quite the opposite to what is good and conducive
to growth, but on the other hand very favourable to thrip, red spider, aphis,
and insect pests generally. Such things as these, however, must, under no
circumstances, be allowed to exist. On the very first signs of thrip, or
aphis, fumigate with XL. ALL vaporising insecticide, and for red spider
sponge with soapy water, thus preventing the growth of these pests, which
is better than cure.

Even though the climate this season has been just a little contrary to
our wishes, I daresay we shall find that, by the end of the season, the laws
of nature will put things pretty straight.

‘As I have pointed out in these columns before, no good, but more
probably harm, will result by worrying too much, and endeavouring too per-
sistently to create great heat, and what we may fancy to be growing condi-
tions in our houses when not assisted in the slightest degree by the outside
conditions. The cultivator that is careful in this respect, and does not try to
force his plants during uncongenial weather, having only slight warmth in
the pipes occasionally, during the very coldest periods, just to keep away

THE ORCHID REVIEW. a14

the danger of damping off, &c., will be less troubled with insect pests, and
also rewarded with a more sturdy and vigorous lot of plants at the end of -
the season. We are bound to have growing periods, and such should, of

course, be fully utilized, so that growth may be free and rapid while the

natural means for promoting it are at hand. The plants should then have

moisture at the root and overhead in abundance, and, except for the Cool

House kinds, good heat as well.

The Dendrobiums are now in full growth. D. chrysanthum has
completed its new pseudobulbs, and will bloom before resting. It is now
pushing its flower buds, and after blooming it should be taken to a cooler
house, where it will enjoy a very long and dry rest. But I may again
caution growers against the withholding of water too quickly from the roots
of an Orchid on its removal from a moist atmosphere to a dry one. It is
quite possible that it may even require more for a time. A plant must be
hardened off gradually or injury may result. If the grower has no second -
house for maturing the growths of this genus, the most suitable positions in
the growing house, must, of course, be selected for the purpose. To parti-
tion off temporarily a small portion is a very good plan. By this time we
have generally a few of the earliest D. Wardianums ready for ripening off,
but they are of course late this seaso:, and it will probably be another
month before any are removed, which is a very good job. I never like to
see this species make up its growths too early, in fact, the later the better.
Early matured growth means early blooms, which, with D. Wardianum,
generally spells deterioration, for new growth starts quickly after blooming
while the weather is still wintry. The best way to save such plants from
going quite wrong is to still retard growth as much as possible after bloom-
ing, and endeavour to make the new pseudobulbs finish later.

The beautiful Cattleya Warscewiczii will bloom this month. It is
rather unfortunate that such a grand thing should have the character of
being a shy bloomer, but it is undoubtedly truthful. Immediately after
blooming, or, in cases where it does not intend to bloom, immediately
the pseudobulbs are completed, it is best to remove this species also to an airy
and sunny house, so that the growth may be well ripened and rested.
Without this treatment I believe there are some varieties that may goon
and on for ever, and never bloom. Some growers repot this species at this
season, but, on the ground that a hard rest immediately following root
disturbance can scarcely be given, I prefer to repot in early spring, when
new growth takes place. C. Gaskelliana will also prove invaluable this
month. This is a most easily grown and free-blooming species, and may
be repotted immediately after flowering, when renewed root action takes
place, or left till early spring, and this will apply also to another beautiful
summer blooming kind, namely, C. Warneri.

212 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Oncidium macranthum will also make a good show. This is truly a
noble species when grown well and strong, in fact weakly plants ought never
to be allowed to bloom, the flower spikes being of such an enormous length
and the time so long before the blooms expand that nothing but a strong,
healthy plant can successfully withstand the strain upon it. It is cool
growing, and delights in an abundance of water, providing the compost is
sweet, porous, and well drained. Other similar species, such as O. super-
bum, and O. zebrinum, require a like cool, moist treatment during the
summer, but, like the majority of others known as Cool House sorts, are
none the better for a too low temperature during the winter months.

Odontoglossum Schlieperianum is a rather pretty species for blooming at
this season, but taking it on the whole it cannot be called a robust grower.
O. Williamsianum is, I believe, very near to the above—in any case they are
very much alike in bloom and growth. They are very handsome when
strong spikes are produced, but those having two or three flowers are
scarcely worth letting open, and are best if pinched off to encourage more
vigour. I find they do best when treated as O. grande in Intermediate
temperature. The seasons of growth are, however, different, and this point
should be watched, and the treatment varied accordingly. O. Schlieper-
ianum will start after blooming, and will not have completed growth until
late in the winter, consequently more warmth during that period is required
than for O. grande, which is fully made up and has bloomed by autumn.

Lelia prestans and L. Dayana will now advance very rapidly, and any-
thing in the nature of re-panning may be done if required, and they will soon
recover at this date. They are best when grown in Intermediate tempera-
ture and may henceforth be watered plentifully.

Cypripediums of the Stonei and Parishii group are now making a good
show. I used to think that these two and others, such as C. Druryi, C. X
Euryandrum, C. Lowii, C. Haynaldianum, and C. philippinense wanted the
East Indian temperature to grow them really well, but find that they also
do very well if grown Intermediate, as do also the Selenipediums usually
recommended for stove treatment. One has to be a little careful sometimes
with them during the winter when grown Intermediate, or through being
wet and cold at the same time a peculiar black spot may appear at the base
of the leaves.

Some of the Trichopilias are now out and very attractive. I think the
most lovely species of this genus, however, is T. suavis, which has of course
passed out of flower some two or three months ago. It is now forming new
growth, and is best placed in the Intermediate or Cattleya House. It and
others of this genus should be well attended to as regards keeping the roots
in a sweet and healthy condition, and it is always best to be careful in the
matter of watering, for over supplies at the root will often cause the pseudo-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 213

bulbs to become badly spotted, and frequently entails the total loss of the
plant. For this reason they are all really best grown in baskets and
suspended. Another reason is that the flowers being short stemmed and
drooping are better seen and appreciated if so grown. Peat two parts to
one of moss I find to be a good compost. T. tortilis, T. marginata, T.
lepida, and T. crispa are all good and well worth growing, and are more or
less in bloom at this time of the year. T. (Pilumna) fragrans and T.
nobilis are both lovely things, and similar in habit to the above, requiring
exactly the same treatment.

Thunias will by this time have finished pincmane, and should be re-
moved to a sunny, airy house, so that any that have not bloomed may still
grow, and at the same time get well ripened and hard, for Thunias will not
bloom successfully next year without it. When well bloomed they are very

graceful. Barkerias are also only worth seeing in bloom when grown well,
and this cannot be done if shaded like most other Orchids. They like te
be suspended in full sunshine, and copiously syringed when growing, and
they are therefore good companions for the above.

Mormodes luxatum eburneum will bloom during the latter end of the
month. Special care should be taken with it, as it is one of the most chaste
and lovely of Orchids, and by no means common. When the flowers are
past, it should at once commence its ripening or maturing process, which
is facilitated by being suspended in a light, airy position, and water gradually
reduced. It will hardly withstand the full rays of the sun just yet, until
properly matured.

The earliest plants of the Disa grandiflora are now in bloom, and its
beautiful flowers are always welcomed. Its culture is frequently not at-
tempted at all because it has a reputation of doing badly ; others give it up
after trying and failing once. I would advise all to try again until they
succeed. It is a most showy, and certainly a most useful, species if sum-
mer exhibition has to bedone. The principal points to bear in mind in its
cultivation are as follows :—A cool, moist, and shady house or pit during
summer ; plenty of water at the roots, but not too much, as is sometimes
given. What potting or propagation requires to be done should be atten-
ded to between now and September, as the right conditions present them-
selves. The small side shoots should be used for propagating purposes.
During winter a position in an ordinary greenhouse temperature should be
accorded, and, although they should never become dry, they should be
watered sparingly, giving only enough to keep the foliage green, and plump,
and healthy. The general conditions of the Cool Orchid House, neither in
winter nor summer, seem to suit them well, and very rarely indeed are they
grown well there. The best soil is a sandy peat.

214 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DUPLICATION OF NAMES.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co. write calling attention to a remark in our
Review of their Orchid Guide (page 190). The remark is :—‘‘ We note that
the hybrid between Cypripedium barbatum and bellatulum appears under
six different names, and the record C. caudatum. x leucorrhodum Miss H.
A. Roebling, and in the very next line Mrs. W. A. Roebling, is a type of a
kind of duplication that might have been avoided with advantage.”’ Messrs.
Sander observe that the duplication referred to was purposely included, and
that practically all the hybrids mentioned in the Guide have been recorded
in different gardening organs. The Mrs. W. A. Roebling is undoubtedly a
misprint, but should the name be given without the parents how is any
reader to know that it is a synonym. The same with the bellatulum crosses,
no doubt ail should be reduced to synonyms or varieties of C. x Charles.
Richman, but we could not well assume the right to do so.””. Our remarks
were of course made simply in defence of a principle the validity of which
Messrs. Sander admit, namely that hybrids between the same two species
should be considered as forms of one. That it was not carried out in this
case was pointed out as a matter for regret, simply because the same
prominence is given to every recorded synonym as to the original name,
and there is nothing to show which of them is the original name, a matter
which in the absence of references the reader can scarcely carry out for him-
self. The bellatulum crosses mentioned have already been reduced, and the
other case we have not been able to look up.

ORCHIDS IN “ PEPPER-GARDENS.”

OrcHID Houses in India are very unlike those with which we are familiar
in Europe. Speaking of the time when Dr. (now Sir George) King, took
charge of the Calcutta Botanic Garden, in 1864, the Gardener’; Chronicle
remarks :—‘‘ A few Orchids only (among them, however, some very fine
ones, as Vanda teres and V. Roxburghii) will grow in the open at Calcutta ;
but John Scott had found that many more would flourish in a Pépper-
garden built in the native way, with an open roof of bamboo strips, which
broke the direct force of the sun’s rays, and kept the interior in a steaming
heat. King developed these Pepper-Gardens ; he built them in general form
_ Tesembling English greenhouses, the roofs of wire. In these many species
of Orchids flourished, and, by degrees, a great variety of fine plants from the
mountain jungles were added, till the Pepper-Gardens have become a
principle feature of the Calcutta Garden.”

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 215

ORCHIDS AT KEW,

SEVERAL striking rarities have recently flowered in the rich Kew collection.
At the present time one of the finest is an example of the very rare Cymbid-
ium Huttoni bearing a splendid spike of seventeen flowers, besides which
the old Vanda Roxburghii is flowering well. Earlier in the season the hand-
some Moorea irrorata and Eulophiella Elisabethz were in fine condition.
A plant of Oncidium altissimum has produced two fine arching spikes of
about six and eight feet long, perfectly wreathed with flowers. Eulophia
Lubbersiana has prettily variegated leaves, and is an example of the
numerous ‘botanical species in flower. The new Orchid-houses seem to
have fully justified the expectations formed of them, and the presence of so
many botanical rarieties renders the collection exceptionally interesting.

DICTIONNAIRE ICONOGRAPHIQUE DES ORCHIDEES.
THE May number of this interesting and useful little work has just reached
us, and contains figures and descriptions of the following Orchids :—Calanthe
vestita var. Stevensiana, Cattleya Eldorado var. Wallisii, C. x Hardyana
var. alba, Cypripedium Swinburnei, Dendrobium barbatulum, D. Pierardi,
Lelia flava var. aurantiaca, L. rubescens, Odontoglossum x crispo- Harry-
anum vars. amcenum and spectabile, O. x tentaculatum, Rodriguezia decora,
Selenipedium caudatum var. Wallisii, and Vanda ccerulescens.

FALSE HYBRIDS.
A coop deal of attention has recently been paid to what have been called
false hybrids, namely plants which seem to only reproduce the characters of
one of the parents. We have just found what appears to be an early
example of this phenomenon in the genus Calanthe :—

“IT was much pleased to hear of Messrs. Veitch’s new C. Sedeni, and
congratulate them on their success. I myself four years ago fertilised a
bloom of the C. Veitchii superba sent with C. vestita lutea and seed was
produced, which I in good time sowed, and raised a number of seedlings. I
looked to getting at least something distinct, and now, after waiting just
four years since the cross was effected, three of the bulbs flower, and the
results are the blooms sent. The strange thing is that C. Veitchii should
produce the seed and the yellow and rose varieties of C. vestita should have
been produced.—W. Swan in Gard. Chron., 1878, x., p. 795.”

It is difficult now to say what was the cause of the phenomena described,
but as the seed parent was the C. x Veitchii the offspring ought to have
been hybrids. Probably the plants were long ago lost sight of.

216 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

STANHOPEA LOWII.
THE genus Stanhopea is one of the most remarkable among Orchids, owing
to the quaint structure of its flowers and the remarkable way in which they
are often produced from the bottom of the basket in which the plant is
grown. They are also usually large in size and striking in colour and
markings, besides being very fragrant. Unfortunately they are usually
rather short lived, for which reason they are less frequently met with in
collections than would otherwise be the case. The species are rather
numerous and widely diffused in Tropical America. The one here figured
is S. Lowii, which was introduced from New Granada by Messrs. Hugh Low

Fic. 31. STANHOPEA Lowi.

‘&Co., and flowered in their establishment in December, 1892, being shortly
afterwards described (Rolfe in Kew Bull., 1893, p. 63). It is technically
allied to S. eburnea (figured at page 113 of our seventh volume) but differs —
greatly in the shape and details of the lip. The sepals and petals are light,
creamy buff in colour with a few minute dots, and the lip ivory white. The
flowers have a powerful Narcissus-like scent.

S

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 247

‘SOCIETIES.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

A MEETING was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster,
on June 4th, when some very fine groups of Orchids were staged, but, con-
trary to the usual practice, they were arranged on various tables throughout
the Hall. No less than nine Medals were given, together with three
Awards of Merit, and one Cultural Commendation. There were present of
the Orchid Committee :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. H.
Ballantine, H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas, E.
Hill, H. Little, H. T. Pitt, H. M. Pollett, J. W. Potter, F. A. Rehder, T.
Rochford, H. A. Tracy, W. H. Young, and J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.).

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
was awarded a Silver-gilt Flora Medal for a fine group, containing Lzelio-
cattleya x Canhamiana, L.-c X Wiganie aurea, Cattleya Warneri, C.
Mendelii, C. Mossi, C. M. Reineckiana, Lelia majalis, L. Digbyana, L.
purpurata, L. tenebrosa, Aérides Fieldingii, Scuticaria Hadwenii, Miltonia
vexillaria, M. v. alba, M. v. Constance Wigan, M. v. Empress Victoria
Augusta, Odontoglossum crispum, Sobralia macrantha alba, Epidendrum
Meduse, E. atropurpureum, Cypripedium caudatum, Phalznopsis speciosa,
and some Thunias.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), staged a
fine group of plants, and was awarded a Silver-gilt Flora Medal. The group
contained some fine Odontoglossum crispums, among others the magnificent
O. c. Pittianum, one of the finest blotched crispums in existence, also Ov X
Andersonianum, O. citrosmum, Lelia tenebrosa, L. purpurata, L. x Latona,
L. Digbyana, Miltonia vexillaria, Cattleya Schilleriana, and Cypripedium
Stonei. An Award of Merit was given to Odontoglossum crispum puncta-
tum Rosslyn variety, the flower being slightly tinged with rose and prettily
dotted.

J. Colman, Esq., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. Bound), received a Silver Flora
Medal for a nice group, containing Odontoglossum crispum and its varieties,
O.x Andersonianum, O. cirrhosum, O. X mulus, Lzlia purpurata, Cattleya
Mossiz, C. Mendelii, Miltonia vexillaria, Oncidium concolor, Vanda tricolor
planilabris, and some scarlet Masdevallias.

H. F. Simonds, Esq., Beckenham (gr. Mr. Day), was awarded a Silver
Flora Medal for a good group, containing some fine Lelia purpurata,
Miltonia vexillaria, Cattleya Mendelii, C. Mossia, Odontoglossum crispum,
O. Pescatorei, O. nebulosum, and a lot of Oncidium concolor.

A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Carshalton (gr. Mr. Humphreys),
staged a nice group, consisting chiefly of fine varieties of Cattleya Mendelii
and C. Mossiz, together with Lelia purpurata, L. x cinnabrosa, Cattleya

218 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Skinneri, C. S. alba, C. Schilleriana, C. Curtisii,and C. x Cénone. A
Silver Flora Medal was awarded.

T. Baxter, Esq., Oakfield, Morecambe (gr. Mr. Roberts), showed two
good forms of Odontoglossum crispum, and O. xX loochristiense Lord
Milner, the latter receiving an Award of Merit. The flower was large and
well-shaped, having the sepals and petals cream-coloured tinged with bright
yellow at the apex and margins, and heavily blotched with brown, and the
lip with a large blotch in front of the crest.

R. H. Murray, Esq., Springfield, Great Barlow (gr. Mr. Blackmore),
received a Cultural Commendation for a magnificent specimen of Dendro-
bium thyrsifiorum, with a great number of flower spikes.

De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Stables), showed
Odontoglossum crispum rosefieldense, with a well-formed, white flower
spotted with dark purple.

H. Little, Esq., The Barons, E. Twickenham (gr. Mr. Howard),
exhibited two fine, dark coloured varieties of Lelia purpurata.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Camberwell (gr. Mr. Chapman), showed Miltonia
vexillaria Cambridge Lodge variety, in which the petals are lip-like in
character, and the sepals have also some lip-like markings.

The Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Park, showed Lelia x cinnabrosa
and L. x Latona, with reddish orange sepals and petals, and a dark purple
lip.

G. Wilson, Esq., Mayfield, Streatham Hill, showed a good Lelia X
cinnabrosa.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea. were awarded a Silver Flora Medal
for a fine group, containing Lzlio-cattleya x Canhamiana, L.-c. x C.alba,
L.-c. * Aphrodite, L.-c. « A. alba, Lic. x Hippolyta, Cattleya x calum-
mata, Lelia x Latona, Phalenopsis x Mrs. J. H. Veitch, Spathoglottis x
aureo-Veillardii, Epicattleya X radico-Bowringiana, Anguloa Clowesii,
Cypripedium xX Urania (Io grande x Charlesworthii), Angraecum
modestum, Epidendrum falcatum, and others.

Messrs. H. Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, received a Silver Flora
Medal for a good group, consisting chiefly of Cattleya Mossie, together
with Dendrobium Lowianum, D. Falconeri, D. F. lilacina, Lelia purpurata,
and Leelio-cattleya x Herga (L.-c. x elegans Turneri X C. Gaskelliana).

Messrs. Stanley, Ashton & Co., Southgate, staged a fine group of
Cattleya Mossiz, several of the plants bearing from forty to fifty flowers. A
Silver Flora Medal was awarded. The best varieties were:—C. M. Alice
Nugent, a large, richly coloured form, and C. M. Mrs. F. W. Ashton. The
latter, which received an Award of Merit, had a large, white, well- shaped
flower, with a pink blotch in front of the light yellow disc. There were also
some very fine Lelia purpurata.

’
THE ORCHID REVIEW. 219

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Sons, Upper Holloway, received a Silver
Banksian Medal for a nice group, containing Cattleya Mossiz, C. Mendelii,
Lelia purpurata, Trichopilia crispa, Platyclinis latifolia, Odontoglossum
luteopurpureum, O. crispum, Oncidium sarcodes, O. Marshallianum,
Cypripedium exul, Dendrobium Calceolus, Thunia Marshalliana, and T. X
Wrigleyana.

Mr. J. Crook, Ford Abbey Gardens, Chard, sent some fine spikes of
Vanda teres, grown in a Cucumber house.

Mr. P. W. Hooley, Bitterne Park, Southampton, sent the fine natural
hybrid Lzlio-cattleya x Gottoiana.

AT the meeting held on June 18th there were very few Orchids shown, and
only two awards were made. The Orchid Committee were represented by:
H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. H. Ballantine, H. J. Chap-
man, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas, E. Hill, H. Little, H. T. Pitt, H. M.
Pollett, J. W. Potter, F. A. Rehder, H. A. Tracy, W. H. Young, and
J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.)

F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey, showed Cypripedium
Lawrenceanum nigrum, four plants of C. x Gowerianum magnificum, and
Sophro-cattleya x George Hardy. An Award of Merit was given to a fine
variety of the latter called Tyntesfield variety.

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate, N. (gr. Mr. Whitehead),
exhibited a fine form of Leelia-cattleya x C. G. Roebling.

_ J. G. Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford (gr. Mr. Davis), showed a
fine plant of Cypripedium callosum Sanderz, with four flowers.

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan), sent
Odontoglossum xX Lucasianum, a reputed natural hybrid between O.
cristatellum and O. Hallii. It most resembled a small form of the latter,
with the crest rather less developed and the markings more chocolate in
colour.

A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Hackbridge (gr. Mr. Humphreys), sent
Pholidota obovata, a member of the articulata group.

R. Young, Esq., Fringilla, Linnet Lane, Sefton Park, Liverpool (gr.
Mr. Poyntz), sent Howers of Cypripedium x Kerchoveanum (Curtisii x
barbatum), C. X superciliare, and C. X Ganymedes (tonsum 2 X
cenanthum superbum ¢) a finely formed and well-coloured flower, C. x
Carnusianum, and Odontoglossum gloriosum albidulum.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, High View Nursery, Cottingley, Bingley, showed
Lelia x Diana (Dayana X purpurata rosea), a beautiful, richly coloured
hybrid, which is described on page 197; the beautiful Masdevallia x falcata
(Veitchiana x Lindenil), Lelia tenebrosa, the violet-blue Dendrobium
Victoria Regina, and Miltonia flavescens.

220 : THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, N., received a Silver
Banksian Medal for a nice group, containing Lzlio-cattleya X Canhamiana,
L.-c. X C. Edouard André, Lelia tenebrosa, L. x cinnabrosa, Cypripedium
exul, C. X superciliare, C. superbiens, C. Mastersianum, Anguloa Clowesii,
Dendrobium Dalhousianum luteum, Platyclinis latifolia, Oncidium curtum,
and Odontoglossum Pescatorei.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
A MEETING of this Society was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester,
on June 6th, when there was a fine display of Orchids, and twenty awards
of various kinds were made by the Committee.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Stamford Hill, London (gr. Mr. Thurgood), sent
Odontoglossum crispum Pittianum, a magnificent spotted form, in fine con-
dition, which received both the award of a First-class Certificate and a
Gold Medal.

T. Baxter, Esq., Morecambe (gr. Mr. Roberts), received a Bronze Medal
fora small group, also a First-class Certificate for Odontoglossum X
loochristiense var. Lord Milner.

J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), staged a choice
group, which gained a Silver-gilt Medal, and an Award of Merit was given
to Cattleya Skinneri Temple’s var.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), staged a fine
group of Orchids, which received a Silver Medal.

W. Bolton, Esq., Wilderspool, staged a good group which was awarded
a Vote of Thanks. Awards of Merit were given to Cattleya Mendelii var.
Edward VII, C. M. Bolton’s var., and C. M. Holtianum.

Captain G. W. Law-Schofield, Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill), received an
Award of Merit for Cypripedium x Shillianum magnificum, and a Cul-
tural Certificate for a beautiful example of C. callosum Sandere with five
flowers.

H. H. Bolton, Esq., Newchurch, received an Award of Merit for
Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes.

T. Statter, Esq., Whitefield, received an Award of Merit for the rare
and handsome Batemannia Burtii.

The Hon. Mrs. Bass, Burton-on-Trent (gr. Mr. Nisbet), received a
Cultural Certificate for Odontoglosssm crispum Nisbet’s var.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, received a Bronze Medal fora
good group of Orchids.

Messrs. John Cowan & Co., Gateacre, staged a nice group of Orchids,

_ and received a Vote of Thanks.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, also received a Vote

of Thanks for a group of showy Orchids.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 221

Messrs. Stanley, Ashton & Co., Southgate, received an Award of Merit
for Cattleya Mossiz var. Shamrock II.

We regret to find that two errors were included in our last report.

Odontoglossum xX Adrianz Countess Grey, recorded at page 188 as
exhibited by H. H. Bolton, Esq., was from Captain Holford, Westonbirt,
Tetbury (gr. Mr. A. Chapman), and flowered for the first time in this
collection.

Cattleya Skinneri albens Keeling’s var. is the name under which Mr.
A. J. Keeling’s Cattleya was shown, and the plant received a First-class
Certificate, not an Award of Merit, as recorded at page bie It is not quite
pure white.

NOTES.
Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during July, on the 2nd and 30th,
when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.
The former meeting is held in conjunction with the National Rose Society,
and it is announced that ‘with the exception of Plants, &c., shown for
Certificate, no other plants or groups, &c., except roses may be exhibited.”

The meeting on July 16th will be held at the Society’s Gardens,
Chiswick, in connection with a Conference on Lilies. The Orchid Com-
mittee (and others) will meet at 11 a.m., and there will be a luncheon at
I p.m., before the Conference.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold a meet-
ing at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on July 18th, when the Orchid
Committee will meet at 12 o’clock, noon. No meeting will be held during
August.

A flower of the remarkable Odontoglossum crispum Lady Jane, which
was described at p. 277 of our last volume, is sent from the collection of
J. Wilson Potter, Esq,, of Croydon. It is interesting to find that it has
retained its remarkable character, though it has greatly improved in form,
substance, and markings, and now measures 3% inches across its broadest
diameter. The brown spots are more or less confluent into lines, and are
confined to the petals and the margin of the lip, giving the flower a very
striking appearance. Mr. Young remarks that on its appearance last year
it was feared that it might prove to be an accidental sport, and would not
flower true on the next occasion, but all doubts about its permanence may

now be set at rest.

It is interesting to note that Lzlio-cattleya x Schilleriana has again

222 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

been produced artificially. It was raised by Messrs. Cappe et fils, Vésinet,
France, from Cattleya intermedia crossed with the pollen of Lelia purpur-
ata, and has now flowered for the first time, producing a spike of four
flowers—one of which is sent, and proves quite typical in character. Two
of the seven bulbs are diphyllous and the rest monophyllous. It promises
to be a fine thing when the plant becomes stronger. This makes the third
time that the parentage of this fine natural hybrid has been proved
artificially, and perhaps the day may come when it will be easier to raise
it by hand than to import it, especially as there would be the further
advantage that the finest forms of the two species could be selected as
parents.

A curious form of Cattleya Mendelii is sent from the collection of Sir
Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, by Mr. White. It is an
imported plant, which may account for the front lobe of the lip being small
and narrow, though rich in colour. The sepals and petals are of a pretty
blush pink, and the inflorescence is three-flowered. It appears to be simply
undeveloped at present, but this point must be left to the next time of
flowering.

A fine spike of Odontoglossum Kegeljani (polyxanthum), has been grown
in the collection of W. Younger, Esq., Ravenswood, Melrose, by Mr. W.
Yea, gardener. It bears twenty flowers, of which eight are borne in pairs
on side-branches below the others, and is a splendid example of good
culture. A figure is given in a recent issue of the Gardening World (p. 589).

A plant of Cattleya Mendelii in the collection of J. We Arkle, Esa.
West Derby, Liverpool, has produced a very curious flower having only
two sepals and two lips, which are placed in two opposite pairs, the lips
infolding each other, with a short, abortive column in the centre. A normal
flower sent, on the same inflorescence, has blush pink sepals and petals
with a few irregular, darker streaks. The other flowers on the plant are
said to be normal.

This species seems particularly liable to produce abnormal flowers. A
remarkable trimerous form was figured at page 241 of our seventh volume,
and there is the well-known C. Mendelii var. Janus, of which three peculiar
flowers are again sent by Captain C. C. Hurst, Burbage Grove, Hinckley.
One has a single petal missing, another is reduced to the pair of lateral
sepals, the lip, and a one-sided column, while the third has one petal and
one sepal opposite to it, with a short filament between where the column
asian be, the ovary being reduced to a thin pedicle. It certainly deserves
HS hame. A flower of Cattleya Mossiz having the dorsal united to the

Pack of the column and much undulated, is also sent from the same

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 223.

collection. The latter character arises from the fact that the sepal cannot
elongate, owing to its being firmly fixed to the back of the column. The
sepals and petals are also somewhat marbled,

A flower of a plant which was purchased as a hybrid between Lelia
cinnabarina and Cattleya citrina, together with a painting of the whole
plant, is sent from the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., of Teignmouth, but
it appears to be simply a seedling of Lzlia cinnabarina, for there is not a
single character that can be traced to the influence of C. citrina, and we
should suggest that the cross failed to take. It would be interesting if the
raiser would give us the exact history of the plant. A very richly coloured
form of Lelia x Latona and a good flower of Cattleya amethystoglossa are
also sent, the former being a seedling (‘‘ purpurata X cinnabarina”) from
the Selly Hill sale.

A very fine flower of Dendrobium pulchellum (Dalhousianum), is sent
from the collection of Dr. C. Eastwick-Field, Midhurst, Sussex. The
plant was sent home from Upper Burma by Captain Karl Scharheb, of the
Indian Staff Corps, and is bearing 140 flowers, producing a fine effect, the
petals measuring 2} inches long. Some other plants were sent home at the
same time, but the flowers were not equal in size to the one just mentioned.

Another curious flower of C. Mendelii is sent from the collection of
H. H. Noble, Esq., Ivy Bank, Aigburth, Liverpool. It has only two petals,
two opposite sepals, and a laterally flattened column. It is from an imported
plant, obtained from Messrs. John Cowan & Co., and is the only flower at
present produced. Next year may witness some new development.

J. Newell, Orchid grower for H. H. Hunnewell, Esq., Wellesley, Mass.,
succeeds Mr. Donald as gardener to Jason S. Bailey, es ., West Roxbury
Mass.—A merican Gardening.

A very fine flower of Lzlia tenebrosa is sent from the collection of Isaac
Carr, Esq., Twerton-on-Avon, near Bath. The petals measure 4} inches
long, and every part of the flower is correspondingly well developed, and
the colour good.

An illustration of the fine group of seedling Orchids exhibited by M.
Charles Maron at a recent meeting of the Societé Nationale d’Horticulture
is given in the Revue Horticole for June 16th (page 282, fig. 160).

A fine showy hybrid is sent from the collection of H. J. Ross, Esq.,
Florence, Italy, which is thought to have been obtained from Paphiopedilum
x Harrisianum and P. Druryi. It most resembles the former, with the
addition of a dark band along the centre of the dorsal sepal and petals.

224 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CALANTHE MADAGASCARIENSIS, Rolfe.—Bot. Mag., t. 7780.

CYPRIPEDIUM GUTTATUM.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 372, with fig.; Garden,
1901, lix., p. 467, with fig.

DENDRCBIUM FINDLAYANUM ROSEUM.—Gard. Mag., 1901, pp. 372, 373,
with fig.

DENDROBIUM NOBILE ASHWORTHIANUM.—Journ. of Hort., 1898, xxxvi.,
p- 299, fig. 60.

DENDROBIUM THYRSIFLORUM (with contracted lip).—Gard. Chron., 1901,
OAL., P37, Hes 130-

L#LIA TENEBROSA (abnormal).—Gard. Chron., Ig0I, xxix., p. 371,
fig. 138. :

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM ANNIE.—Gard. Chron., 1901, xxix., p. 365,
fig. 137; Journ. of Hort., 1901, xlii., p. 515, with fig. VAR. CAPTAIN
Hocken.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 340, with fig. Var. PITTIANUM.—Garden,
Igol, lix., p. 439, with fig.

OponTOGLossuM Rossit vAR.—Journ. of Hort., tgot, xlii., p. 473,
with fig.

ODONTOGLOssuM X WILCKEANUM GOLDEN QUEEN.—Journ. of Hort.,
IgoI, xlii., p. 493, with fig.

PHAIO-CALANTHE X SCHRGDERIANA. Gard: Mag., 1901, p. 387, with fig.

PHALZNOPSIS AMABILIS VAR. RIMESTADIANA.—Lindenia, t. 736.

PHALENOPSIS SCHILLERIANA. —Journ. of Hort.,/1901, xii, p. 451,
with fig.

PHALENOPSIS VIOLACEA.—Journ. of Hort., 1got, xlii., p. 537, with fig.

RESTREPIA ANTENNIFERA. — Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 288, with fig.
R. GuTtata.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 288, with fig. R. LANsBERGII.—Gard.
Mag., 1901, p. 288, with fig. R. LEeoparpDINA.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 288, with
fig. R. sTRIATA.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 288, with fig.

SoBRALIA X VEITCHII.—Lindenia, t. 740.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

(Correspondents not oT here may find aig - their queries on other pages, and in some
cases, for various reasons, may have to stand over for a future issue. In the case of hybrid seedlings
sent for name, the jarcaioge and history should ae he briefly stated, for without these details we
are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily.)

GL. . The seedlings, “Dendrobium nobile x Sapacacpcie! ” will belong to D. X
Blige and “ Lelia a purpurata X Boothiana” to Lelia x pulcherri
E.C.P. A form of Odontoglossum x Adrianz.

D. M. G. oo transparens. The other flower is abnormal, and will be
exninied more i

Photographs ce with thanks. J. W.A.
Received. T. A. E. A.O. (next month), J. E.R.
Some notes are again held over owing to want of space.

STANLEY, ASHTON & ©Co.,

SOUTHGATE,

LONDON, N.,

Ss pe importing the FINEST ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Colombia. produces.

and guarantee all their plants.

All buyers of the true “Native Pacho” should write; they are promised

fullest satisfaction in advance.

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Aerides multiflorum and its allies... 242 Odontoglossum x Braeckmanii 2 2525)
Calendar of Operations for August ... 245 | Orchid wee ig on Palm-stems i ge
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Cattleya Mendelii with ‘three lips (Fig. Orchids at —~ oe — i PEO
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batters René eee — oes ... 248 ‘Paphiopedilum Rothschildianum abnor- :
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eye cnet abnormal. cage Paphiopeditum Tautzianum var. r. Youngii :
dence, &Xc. — co 25G | Be
Dies -Orchidiani eee Ratherfard vy. L’Horticole Coloniale ae
‘History of Orchid Cultivation . ae ... 228 | Societies
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Law Not oes = 235 Ore see + 253
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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

VoL. IX. AUGUST, Igor. [No. 104.

DIES ORCHIDIANI.

A case of great importance, both to Amateurs and Nurserymen, has just
been heard in the Law Courts. It was an action for breach of warranty,
a plant having been sold from a painting warranted to give a true idea of
the variety, but when the flowers appeared they proved to be something
different, and the case ultimately came into the courts for settlement. No
doubt the case will be reported in your pages, and I do not propose to go

i details, beyond noting the fact that it has been decided that damages.
can be recovered in the case of breach of warranty, in addition to the price
paid for the warranted article.

This, it may be remembered, was the chief point in dispute in the
_ memorable case of Ashworth v. Wells, which was reported in detail in
your sixth volume (pp. 50-52, 77-81.) In that case, a plant called
“Cattleya Aclandiz alba, seven bulbs, three leaves, only known plant,”
was sold by auction for the sum of twenty guineas, but which, after the
trouble and expense of cultivation for two years, proved to be an ordinary
form of the species, worth about 7s. 6d. An action was accordingly brought
for breach of warranty, damages to the extent of £50 being claimed, whic
was met by the payment into court of the price paid for the plant, with
some small additional sum representing 5 per cent. interest on the purchase
money and the court fees, whereupon the County Court Judge decided in
favour of the defendant. This judgment was reversed on appeal by
_ Justices Day and Lawrence, and was then carried to the Court of Appeal,
before Lords Justices A. L. Smith, Chitty, and Collins, who dismissed the
appeal, and gave judgment for the plaintiff for the sum of £50, with costs,
together with the costs of the Court below and of the original trial.

In that case a good deal was made of the fact that no white form

226 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

of Cattleya Aclandie was known, and that some of those present at the
auction refrained from bidding because they had no faith in the warranty ;
otherwise it would have fetched much more. But the Court of Appeal
decided that the plaintiff was entitled to rely upon the warranty, and as
evidence had been taken to show that if it had flowered white it would have
been worth at least 100 guineas, their finding was for the amount claimed.
The recent case seems to confirm this decision.

I see another little contribution to the question of Orchid Nomenclature
at page 199, aud it shows one of the difficulties which beset the subject.
Names are often given just for private purposes, but such names often get
recorded in various ways, and thus become as it were public property, when
unfortunately it is sometimes discovered that other people are growing the
same things under other names, and thus confusion is introduced. And
this naming of individual plants as one chooses, “‘ while they are in his own
house,” often leads to the use of names which are not in accordance with
tule, but they get recorded just the same, and whatever may be said as to
individual rights in the matter, it cannot be denied that it leads to a great
deal of confusion. Whether the advocates of having a Central Authority for
the naming of Orchids recognize all the difficulties in the way of realizing
their wishes is, perhaps, open to question, but there can be no doubt that
the particular practice to which allusion is made is one of the most potent
causes of confusion in nomenclature. Mr. Le Moyne, however, asks a very
pertinent question, which can easily be answered in the affirmative. The
difficulty is, that it scarcely carries us any further.

As I write, I notice that the Gardeners’ Magazine figures a plant under
the name of “Cattleya Miss Harris yar. E. Ashworth,” which it alludes to
as a “somewhat lengthy and incongruous name.” It might have been
added also that it is not according to rule, and consequently does not
qualify for inclusion in a list where “ only names are cited which agree in
form, at any rate, with the usual binomial nomenclature” (see remarks at
page 98 of your last volume). The fact is this hybrid was derived from
C. Mossiz and C. Schilleriana, and, according to the R.H.S. Rules of
Nomenclature, ought to have been called Cattleya x Harrisiz, which would
have been correct, would have qualified the plant for inclusion in the list of
New Garden Plants, and would have permitted the addition of a suitable
varietal name whenever necessary, without a charge of incongruity being
made. I therefore propose that the plant be known by the amended name
of C. x Harrisiz in future, so as to avoid all ambiguity.

The same question crops up in the discussion respecting duplication of

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 227

names at page 214, and it may be remembered that some time ago I
proposed that all hybrids between Paphiopedilum barbatum and bellatulum
shall be known by the amended name of P. X Richmanii. There is really
no other way out of the difficulty ; if we are to secure uniformity and con-
sistency in nomenclature we must insist upon the right of amending names
which do not conform to the rules.

The notes on Orchid-growing in India and Australia given in your last
issue are interesting, and show how the taste for these beautiful plants is
spreading, and how difficulties attendant upon local climate and circum-
stances are overcome. The photograph of Lelia crispa at page 201 shows
that this plant can be grown as well in Australia as in England, and perhaps
as well as in its native home, if its requirements can be complied with, and
of course this is the secret of all successful cultivation.

The question of “‘ False Hybrids” crops up again at pages 215 and 223,
and it would be interesting to know the secret of some of these apparent
failures. Cattleya citrina has been successfully crossed with C. intermedia
and with Lelio-cattleya x elegans, so that there does not appear to be any
particular reason why it should not also cross with Lelia cinnabarina, and
it would be interesting to try the cross again. The case of Calanthe x
Veitchii producing seedlings identical with the yellow- and red-eyed
forms of C. vestita seems inexplicable, and suggests the question whether
some mistake may not have been made, especially as subsequent results
have proved different. There are two or three other analagous cases,
however, where such a suggestion does not seem possible, and I should
like to-see the subject carefully investigated.

Long ago I suggested that the case of Zygopetalum crossed with
Odontoglossum should be carried further, by recrossing the “‘ False Hybrid”
result with Odontoglossum, and it would be interesting to know if the
experiment has been attempted.

Cases of the prepotency of one parent are now familiar, a noteworthy
example being Epiphronitis x Veitchii, where the influence of the
Epidendrum parent has almost obliterated the characteristic habit and
structure of the Sophronitis, and yet the latter was the seed-bearer. If the
case of Zygopetalum crossed with Odontoglossum is due to the prepotency
of one parent it would be interesting to try the effect of making the
Odontoglossum the seed-bearer. The question should be cleared up.

ARGUS.

a

228 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

THE HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTIVATION.
(Continued from page 168).

Our last paper brought us down to the end of 1837, the annus mirabilis of
Orchidology, and we may mention that this year saw the commencement of
Mr. Bateman’s big book before alluded to, as the first plate, Oncidium
leucochilum, bears the date July, 1837. This remarkable work is unique in
its way, and is long likely to remain so. The bound volume measures
nearly 24 feet long by over 1} feet wide, and its ponderous size is amusingly
caricatured by George Cruikshank at the end of the introduction, where a
number of men are making a more or less successful attempt to move it
with ropes and pulley. The work contains forty plates, representing as
many species, life size, with appropriate descriptions, and an essay on the
“Culture of Tropical Orchidacez ” as then practised, with plans of the
epiphyte houses in the gardens of Sigismund Rucker, Esq., of Wandsworth,
and of the Rev. John Clowes, Broughton Hall, Manchester, together with
the sketch of the interior of the epiphyte house at Knypersley. The work
was not completed until 1843 and was dedicated to Her Most Gracious
Majesty, Queen Adelaide. Many of the plants were new, those described
here for the first time being :—Barkeria Lindleyana and B. spectabilis,
Brassavola glauca (now Lelia), Cattleya Skinneri, Cycnoches ventricosum
and Egertonianum, Cyrtochilum bictoniense (now Odontoglossum), Epiden-
drum alatum, aloifolium, aromaticum, erubescens, and Stamfordianum,
Odontoglossum hastatum (now Oncidium), Oncidium Cavendishianum,
Insleayi (now Odontoglossum), and leucochilum, Peristeria Barkeri (now
Acineta), Sobralia decora, Stanhopea saccata and tigrina. comin others.
were also figured here for the first time.

The introduction of the beautiful Sobralia macrantha is thus described
(t. 37) : Although repeatedly gathered by botanical collectors, it was never
introduced into this country until 1841, when through the care and exer-
tions of Mr. Hartweg and Mr. Skinner, a few plants survived the hitherto
fatal ordeal of the voyage. Placed in a moist heat, and treated like Bletia
or Phaius, these plants were found to thrive amazingly, and from one of
them, which flowered in the garden of the Horticultural Society, Miss
Drake was permitted to prepare the accompanying plate. The splendour
of the subject speaks for itself.

The name of Mr. Skinner figures very prominently in this work as an
introducer of novelties, and under Cattleya Skinneri (t. 13) is a very
interesting account of how, when Guatemala was a terra incognita to the
admirers of Orchidacee, Mr. Bateman heard accidentally that some insects
had been received in Manchester from a gentleman of the name of Skinner,
the owner of extensive estates in Guatemala, and the partner in a flourishing

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 229

mercantile firm in the same country. He therefore addressed a letter to
Mr. Skinner, craving his assistance, and received an unexpectedly favour-
able reply. ‘‘ From the moment he received our letter,” remarks Bateman,
“he has laboured almost incessantly to drag from their hiding places the
forest treasures of Guatemala, and transfer them to the stoves of his native
land. In pursuit of this object there is scarcely a sacrifice which he has not
made, or a danger or hardship which he has not braved, . - + - he has
never suffered an opportunity to escape him of adding to the long array of
his botanical discoveries. And, assuredly, he has not laboured in vain, for
he may truly be said to have been the means of introducing a greater
number of new and beautiful Orchidacee into Europe than any one
individual of his own or any other nation.”

The last plate in the work (t. 40) is a most remarkable one, showing
what ought to have been the purple male flowers and green female flowers
of Cycnoches Egertonianum on the same pseudobulb, though the latter for
some reason are represented with the long slender column of the male
flower of C. ventricosum, and it has been suggested that this arose through
the flowers having been withered when drawn, and having been restored by
the artist with the help of a previous drawing. At all events both kinds of
flowers are now well known, and the history of the question has been
recorded in detail. (Rolfe in Orch. Rev., iii., pp. 233-236, and vi, pp. 57-58).

Another important work commenced in 1837, namely Lindley’s Sertum
Orchidaceum: a wreath of the most beautiful Orchidaceous Flowers, the
first plate of which, Stanhopea devoniensis, is dated September, 1837. It
is folio in size, and contains 49 plates with a frontispiece, the whole
representing sixty-one species, and the work is dedicated to the most noble
William Spencer Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire. A. good many of the
species figured had already been described, but among novelties we may
mention the Brazilian Lelia cinnabarina (t. 28), which was introduced by
and flowered with Mr. Young, of Epsom; Aérides quinquevulnera (t. 30),
introduced by Cuming from the Philippines and flowered with Messrs.
Loddiges; Stanhopea Wardii (t. 20), sent from Venezuela by Mr. Ward, and
flowered with Messrs. Loddiges; and the remarkable Huntleya violacea,
now referred to Bollea, sent from Guiana to the same firm

_ The first number of this work contained some excellent directions for
the cultivation of Orchids, drawn up by Mr. Paxton, of whom Lindley
remarked :—‘‘ The success with which epiphytes are cultivated by Mr.
Paxton is wonderful, and the climate in which this is effected, instead of
being so hot and damp that the plants can only be seen with as much peril
as if one had to visit them in an Indian jungle, is as mild and delightful as
that of Madeira. Asa luxuriance of growth, never have they been seen in
their native woods in such perfect beauty.”

230 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The Floral Cabinet of Messrs. Knowles and Westcott also commenced
in 1837, and the frontispiece to the first volume contains coloured figures of
Cattleya labiata, Cycnoches Loddigesii and Miltonia spectabilis, the latter
plant being figured and described at page 93 as Macrochilus Fryanus, froma
plant received from Brazil by the Birmingham Botanical and Horticultural
Society in the autumn of 1835.

The Botanical. Register for 1838 appeared in a somewhat enlarged form,
‘with the addition of several pages of Miscellaneous Notices at the end of
each number, these being paged consecutively and placed at the end of the
volume in binding it. About 125 of the notices in this volume relate to
Orchids, a considerable proportion being descriptions of new species, and
of these we may mention a few of the more remarkable. Epidendrum.
rhizophorum, Bateman (p. 8), sent from Guatemala by Mr. Skinner, after-
wards proved to be identical with E. radicans, then only known from dried
specimens ; E. aurantiacum, Batem., from the same country, is now known
as Cattleya aurantiaca ; and E. tibicinis, Batem., collected in Honduras by
Mr. Skinner, is the well-known Schomburgkia tibicinis. Huntleya.
Meleagris (p. 19), previously only known from a drawing, flowered with
Messrs. Rollisson, of Tooting. Miltonia candida (p. 22) flowered with
Messrs. Loddiges. Calanthe furcata was introduced from the Philippines
by Cuming, and flowered with Mr. Bateman. It is interesting as one-
of the parents of C. X Dominii, the first artificial hybrid raised, but has
long been lost to cultivation. Vanilla bicolor was imported from Guiana,
and flowered freely with Messrs. Loddiges, but still little further is
known about it. Masdevallia infracta (p. 40), previously known from dried.
specimens, was introduced from Brazil, and flowered with Messrs. Loddiges,
being probably the first Masdevallia in cultivation. Grammatophyllum
multiflorum (p. 46), was sent from the Philippines by Cuming and flowered
with Mr. Bateman. Epidendrum imosmum (p. 49) flowered with Messrs.
Loddiges, and Lindley remarked :—‘‘ The western world wants no violets.
where this charming plant is found, for it fills the air with a fragrance as
delicate and delicious as that of our favourite wild flower.” Odontoglossum
cordatum (p. 50), flowered for the first time with Mr. George Barker, who
imported it from Mexico. Paxtonia rosea (p. 61, t. 60), was sent from the
Philippines by Cuming, and flowered at Chatsworth, being dedicated to
Mr. Paxton, “‘ whose claim” it was remarked “to be permanently associated
with Orchidacez will be readily admitted by all who know anything of the
admirable collection of such plants at Chatsworth.” Alas for the sentiment,
the plant afterwards proved to be a peloriate state of Spathoglottis plicata.
Satyrium candidum is a fragrant, white-flowered species which flowered with
Sir John Herschel, who brought it from the Cape. Lastly, as the fruit of
Mr. Gibson’s industry in the Khasia Hills, must be added the beautiful

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 231

Dendrobium formosum, Ccelogyne Wallichiana, now known as Pleione, and.
two or three. others.

Several interesting species were also figured in the same volume, Cattleya
Perrinii (t. 2), now known as Laelia, flowered with Mr. Knight, of Chelsea,
but Lindley remarked that he been acquainted with it for some years, it
having been sent from the collection of Richard Harrison, Esq., and after-
wards from Mr. Bateman. It was dedicated to Mr. Perrin, “‘ Mr. Harrison’s
intelligent gardener, under whose care so many fine South American
epiphytes have been for the first time brought into flower in this country.”
This year also witnessed the first introduction of a Phalzenopsis, and the
commencement of an error the effect of which is felt to some extent at the
present day. A Phalaenopsis was sent from the Philippines by Cuming,
and flowered for the first time with Messrs. Rollisson, of Tooting. In the
belief that it was the Malayan species already known from dried specimens,
Lindley figured it as P. amabilis (t. 34), and afterwards, when the true
Malayan plant came home, he failed to detect his own error, and re-named.
the old plant P. grandiflora. The Philippine plant is now properly known
as P. Aphrodite. Other interesting plants which we may mention are
Comparettia’ coccinea (t. 68), which flowered with Messrs. Loddiges ; Stenia
pallida (t. 20), which flowered with Mr. Barker, of Birmingham ; and
Stanhopea quadricornis (t. 5), from the collection of S. Rucker, Esq., of
Wandsworth.

_ The corresponding volume of the Botanical Magazine (its title page is
dated February 1st, 1839) contains a few novelties, and among them the
splendid Cattleya Mossiz (t. 3669), of which it is remarked :—‘‘ We wish
our plate could do justice to this most magnificent of all Orchideous plants,
_. . Jam indebted to the kindness of Mrs. Moss, of Otterspool, near
Liverpool, for the noble specimen here figured, which was accompanied
with a folio sketch of the entire plant from her pencil: and I know of no
name more appropriate for it, as suggested by my friend, Mr. Parker, than
that of the lady in whose stove it has, by the care of her skilful gardener,
been brought to such high perfection. . - - The present plant was intro-
duced through the medium of George Green, Esq. of Liverpool, in Septem-
ber, 1836, from La Guayra.” Oncidium Forbesii (t. 3705) flowered in the
collection of His Grace the Duke of Bedford, at Woburn Abbey, the author
remarking :—‘‘ I have named it in compliment to the very able Horticultur-
ist who has charge of that noble collection, and by whose judicious care so
many rarieties - - - - have been brought to a high state of perfection.
The plant was sent from the Organ Mountains, by Gardner, in 1837.”
Sophronitis grandiflora was figured at t. 3709, from which collection it does
not appear, but it is stated that “ the credit of introducing the plant alive
to this country is due to Mr. Gardner, who found it inthe Organ Mountains

‘232 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

of Brazil, and sent it home in 1837.” Cattleya pumila (t. 3656) is the plant
now known as Lelia pumila, and it issaid to have been “‘ received from the
Essequibo by John Allcard, Esq., in whose collection it flowered last year,
and who kindly sent the well-executed drawing here engraved, from the
pencil of Mr. Withers.” The locality, however, appears to be erroneous,
for the plant is now known to be Brazilian. Zygopetalum Murrayanum
(t. 3674) was discovered in the Organ Mountains, Brazil, by Gardner, and
flowered under the care of Mr. Stewart Murray at the Glasgow Botanic

‘Garden.
(To be continued.)

ODONTOGLGSSUM x BRAECKMANII.

THE last number of Lindenia (t. 744) contains a figure of Odontoglossum
x Braeckmanii, which is described as probably a hybrid between
‘O. Hallii and O. Harryanum. It was raised in the collection of M.
Metdepenningen, of Ghent, an amateur of Odontoglossums, and who has a
very interesting collection of the genus. Its origin is said not to be exactly
known, but it is supposed that the species just mentioned were the parents,
and the character of the flowers supports the theory. The general shape
may be described as intermediate, with an approach to O. Harryanum in
the shape of the lip, and to O. Hallii in the colour and markings. The
‘details of the crest are not well shown in the plate, but the markings are
such as might have been expected from such a cross, and there can be little
doubt that the parentage has been correctly inferred. Fortunately another
seedling flowered shortly after the appearance of this plate, respecting which
no such doubt exists. At the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society,
held at Chiswick on July 16th last, an Odontoglossum was exhibited from
the collection of De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks, under
the name of O. xX Crawshayanum, to which an Award of Merit was given.
It was raised from a cross effected on July 7th, 1895, between O. Hallii and
- Harryanum, the former being the seed parent. The flower has the
general shape of O. Harryanum, together with the very characteristic
bristly crest, while the pale greenish yellow ground colour and brown
markings are nearer those of the seed bearer. Its general resemblance to
the preceding seems sufficient to indicate their common origin, in which case
the latter will have to take the rank of a variety. Mr. Crawshay must be
congratulated on a third success in this difficult genus. Now that the
secret of raising seedling Odontoglossums has been discovered, it is likely
that their number will steadily increase in collections, and I hope that it
will be possible in time to prove the parentage of most of our natural

thybrids. /

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 233

CATTLEYA MENDELII WITH THREE LIPS.
AT page 241 of the seventh volume of the ORcHID Review there appeared
a photographic illustration of a bloom of Cattleya Mendelii that appeared
in my collection, with three lips and three sepals arranged very regularly.
This same plant has again bloomed, and has produced an inflorescence of
three flowers instead of one, and all similar to the one produced before, but
somewhat crowded together on the inflorescence. I send you the flowers
and you will be able to see that the previous form has been reproduced, and
I am now of the opinion that this plant will always produce similar blooms.
O. O. WRIGLEY.

Bridge Hall, Bury.

Fic. 32. CATTLEYA MENDELII WITH THREE LIPS.

‘The flowers sent are all identical with the one produced before, which
seems to prove that the peculiarity is permanent. The history of the plant
has already been given, and we reproduce the figure, which shows that the
flower is perfectly regular and very striking.—ED.|

aes
CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZII ABNORMAL.
A sHoRT time ago I found a malformation of a flower on a Cattleya
Warscewiczii which seemed quite different from any peloriate forms I
remember having seen described in the ORCHID REVIEW. Your very

234 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

interesting article on the “structure of an Orchid lip ” (vol. viii., p. 75)
refers to vol. ii., p. 358, which describes a flower of C. labiata with three
uniformly shaped petals, three perfect-anthers, and no stigma ; it also refers
to vol. iii., p. 366, where a similar flower is described. On the other hand
you have described flowers with petals transformed into lips, like the beauti-
ful Cattleya Mendelii abnormal pictured at vol. vii., p. 241. The form
described in the REviEw which comes nearest resembling the flower of
which I have sent you a photograph, is one described under Cattleya
Mendelii Janus, which has one sepal and a petaloid lip, or rather an organ
with one side having the characters of the lip and the other those of a petal.
The photograph enclosed shows the same thing, the petal part on the right
having been made wavy by the undulations on the other side, but otherwise
having the uniform colour of the other petal, light magenta. The left half
of the lip had all the markings of the lip of a C. Warscewiczii, including
the yellow eye, making it Cyclops-like. My flower differs, however, in
other respects ; it has two sepals and a petal, besides the malformed lip.
The column is very short and club-shaped, as the photo shows, and I saw
but one small anther-sac.

It seems that nearly all the malformations in Cattleyas reported in the
REVIEW have been of Cattleya Mendelii or C. labiata (vera). In this
instance the particular C. Warscewiczii had bloomed three or four seasons
before this in my house and had always borne perfect flowers, and it is the
only one out of a dozen plants from the hybrid district, imported at the
same time, which has shown any malformation. The plant is in robust
health, and the flowering pseudobulb was one of the largest among about
a hundred plants.

A. W. HoIsHoLtT.
Stockton, California, U.S.A.

[A very curious flower, the lip seemingly half petal and half lip;
probably an accidental occurence.—Ep.]

ORCHIDS GROWING ON PALM-STEMS,.

SEVERAL Orchids are known to grow on Palm-stems, but not often are
their flowers taken for those of the plant on which they grow. This, how-
ever, seems to have been the case with the dwarf West Indian Thrinax
Morrisii, respecting which Mr. Morris (Kew Bull., 1891, p. 131) remarked :—
“I was told that it produced a very pretty pink flower. This, when
produced, proved to be an epiphytal Orchid, a species of Epidendrum,
which attached itself to the stem of the small palm, and pushed its flowers
through the fronds.” The Orchid was probably Epidendrum elongatum.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 235

LAW NOTES.

RUTHERFORD y. L’HoRTICOLE COLONIALE.
An important case was heard in the High Court of Justice, King’s Bench
Division, on July 2nd and 3rd last, before Mr. Justice Bruce. It was an
action brought by J. Rutherford, Esq., M.P., Beardwood, Blackburn,
against the society L’Horticole Coloniale, Brussels, for breach of warranty
on the sale of an Orchid, and the following report has been taken from a
transcript of the original shorthand notes of Messrs. Snell & Son, which

Mr. Horridge, K.c., and Mr. Randolph appeared for the plaintiff;
and Mr. Glasgow for the defendants. : Le

Mr. Horridge, in opening the case for the plaintiff, stated that at an
earlier trial judgment was permitted to go by default, but that subsequently
the defendants swore an affidavit that they were not the company that sold
the Orchid, and got leave to set aside the judgment. But he would read a
letter from the defendants’ solicitors in which they no longer contested the
point that they are the same body who sold the Orchid, although they have
now changed their name. A number of defences had been raised, but the
defence now was that they did not warrant the Orchid, if they sold it, and,
secondly, if they did warrant it, there is no breach of warranty.

Mr. Glasgow: The issue in the case is this, that we admit the warranty.
but that we say there has been some mistake, and that this is not the same
Orchid.

Mr. Horridge stated that on 16th November, 1897, a gentleman named
Schuster came to the house of Mr. Rutherford, at Blackburn, and produced
a diagram of an Orchid called “ Odontoglossum crispum var. Triomphe de
Rambouillet,” and that Mr. Rutherford purchased a plant, together with
some others, for an aggregate sum of £400, of which £80 was paid for the
Rambouillet. The diagram was produced to us, and the warranty was that
the Orchid would flower, when it flowered, and if it flowered, according
to that diagram. Two other Orchids mentioned on the same invoice were
wrong. One described as Imperator was wrongly described, and the
defendants took it back aud refunded the money paid for it. The other
described as Archipel was also wrongly described, but was of equal value
and was therefore kept. Mr. Schuster said that they would send a written
warranty, and a clause in the next document of 27th November, 1897,
stated, “‘ Every plant is guaranteed true to description. At thesame time
we are always ready to amend or take back any plant that may not turn to
your entire satisfaction ’—this is the warranty. The diagram was handed
to his Lordship for inspection, the plaintiff's Counsel pointing out that the
flower had a pinkish ground with darker red spots, and a pure white lip.

236 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The plant did not flower until January, 1900, and instead of being as
described, it had a muddy yellow ground with brown spots—quite a differ-
ent thing. Plaintiff then wrote to M. Linden, the manager or president of
the defendant company, that the plant had been cared for and grown as
well as possible for two years, and was now in flower, but to his regret and
disgust it bore not the slightest resemblance to the engraving. He therefore
asked that the plant should be fetched away and the money returned. On the
8th M. Linden replied, expressing his regret that the plant was not flowering
true ; which he could not understand, for he was sure that the true plant
was sent two years ago. He also asked for a flower, and promised to settle
the matter to plaintiff's entire satisfaction. Three flowers were accordingly
sent on January roth, and the 16th M. Linden replied that the flowers were
entirely different from those of the plant sent, which had flowered with
them four years in succession quite true, and it was impossible that it could
change into a form like the one sent. On the other hand he regretted that
the accounts of Messrs. Lucien Linden & Co., who sold the plant, were
closed and could not be re-opened. Plaintiff at once wrote expressing his
astonishment at the new position taken up, and stating that the plant was
still in the same pot in which it was sent, and was there for his inspection.
On January 22nd M. Linden replied that he could not believe it to be the
same plant which had flowered several times true, and he regretted that
they could do nothing further in the matter.

On January 24th, it was put into the hands of Mr. Rutherford’s
solicitors, who wrote setting forth the facts, and demanding the return of the
money paid for the plant, or further steps would be taken. No reply was
received to that letter, but apparently they communicated with Mr.
Schuster, their agent in England, who wrote to plaintiff's gardener to the
effect that he did not think it was a matter that ought to occupy a lawyer, and
that he should be pleased to call by appointment to talk over the matter.
This letter was taken to plaintiffs solicitor, who thereupon wrote that his
client did not want to see Mr. Schuster, and unless a cheque for £88, being
principal and interest, was sent by return of post proceedings would be
taken. There was some further correspondence, and on April 2nd M.
Linden wrote declining all responsibility, on the ground that the plant
claimed for could not be the one they sold. Then the case went on, and
judgment was signed for default of appearance, and a warrant was issued
to the sheriff to assess the damages for breach of warranty.

An application was then made to set aside the judgment on the ground
that they had a complet to the plaintiff's allegations, and denied all
liability whatever, This necessitated a number of difficult inquiries, but on
April 23rd defendants wrote proposing that the plant should be allowed to
flower again and then be submitted to independent experts. Should it then

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 237

not flower true the price of £80 should be repaid with 5 per cent interest ;
in the meantime the action should be discontinued. Further correspondence
followed, and new points of defence were raised, which had now been
abandoned, and the issue was now limited to the amount of damages to be
recovered. He should call expert evidence to show that this plant would
have been worth £150 if it had complied with the warranty, but now it was
only worth £5, and he claimed £120 damages.

Mr. John Rutherford, M.p., was examined, and stated the circumstances
under which the plant was purchased, and that two others obtained at the
same time proved not true to description when they flowered. He saw them
unpacked, and saw the labels attached to them which he now produced.
The “Imperator” flowered not according to the picture, and the money was
returned. The “‘Archipel” was also incorrect. It was supposed to be a
crispum, but proved to be an Adrianz, but he thought it worth the money
paid and therefore kept it. The Imperator was a Cattleya Triane, but very
much smaller than represented and not so good in colour. He had about
300 Odontoglossums in his Odontoglossum house, besides other Orchids,
and two men to attend to them. He believed the disputed plant had six bulbs
when it arrived, but all the bulbs were carefully entered in the record book
at the time, and the book would speak for itself. The plant had not been
repotted since he had it, and he could not say what the nature of the com-
post was. He told the gardener not to repot it tillit flowered. The ivorine
label, ‘‘ Odonto. crispum ” on one side and “‘ 3a” on the other, was put inthe
pot when the plant came, and the number was the index number in the
register book. Some of his constituents had been allowed to go through
his Orchid houses, but his gardener would be there.

Mr. John Lupton said that he had been gardener to Mr. Rutherford for
the last five years, and had attended to the Orchids with the assistance of
Richard Ferguson. He met the box of Orchids at Blackburn Station, took.
them to Beardwood, and unpacked them in Mr. Rutherford’s presence. The
Rambouillet was labelled when unpacked, and he wrote the label marked 3a,
to correspond with an entry that he made in the register book. Belgian
pots were very different from English pots, and he could identify them. He
had seen the drawing, and knew what the flower ought to be like. The
label had not been changed, and the plant had not been repotted. Since
this dispute he had not been allowed to touch the plant. It had six bulbs
on arrival, and he would swear that the plant now produced was the plant
he unpacked. Hadit flowered as represented in the coloured print it would
have been worth at least £150, but as it did flower its value was something
under £5. The original label was not removed from the plant until the
other had been put in and the entry made in the book. They had purchased
a few more Orchids from defendants, which would be in Belgian pots. He

238 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

was guided by the colour in assessing the value, a white lip being very rare
on a blotched crispum.

Mr. John Cowan, manager of John Cowan & Co., Gateacre, said that
he had been over twenty years in the Orchid trade, and had had a very large
number of Orchids through his hands. A plant of the size of the one
produced, if it flowered true to the picture, would be very cheap at 150
guineas, and a very small plant at 100 guineas. It was not a fancy price, and
if the plant could be found he could get £200 for it. It would be worth
£150 out of flower if one could be certain that the painting was true.

Mr. Richard Ferguson, a florist at Blackburn, said that he was with Mr.
Rutherford when these Orchids came, and untilthe Rambouillet flowered.
He assisted in unpacking them, and saw the defendants’ labels attached to
the plants on their arrival. He also agreed with what Mr. Lupton had
stated with respect to making out the ivorine label and making the entry in
the book. It was his duty to assist Mr. Lupton, and he swore that the
plant that bloomed was the actual one that was unpacked. Its value as it
bloomed would be £5 or £6. He was with Mr. Rutherford four years, and
‘Orchids would arrive three or four times a year.

Mr. Edward Valentine Low, of Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, stated that
he had had a very large experience in Orchids. He had seen the print of
this Rambouillet, and a plant of that size would certainly be worth £150.
There are now six bulbs, and the plant would be divisible into two, worth
‘probably roo guineas each.

Mr. de Barri Crawshay, Rosefield, Sevenoaks, had had 274 years’
experience as an amateur of Orchids. He had seen the plant in question,
and agreed that there were six live bulbs and evidence of four dead ones.
Its value, if it were certain to flower according to that design, would be 150
guineas. He based his estimate on the many others he had seen sold at
relative prices.

This concluded the plantiff’s case, and the Court adjourned for the day.

Mr. Glasgow, in opening the case for the defendants, stated that there
‘was no allegation that the plaintiff had acted in bad faith, but that he or his
servants had made a mistake. The whole question turned on the identity
of the plant. His case was that that was not the plant which was packed,
which had four bulbs and a growth.

Mr. Ernest Haumont, in the defendants’ service, stated that he
recollected some Orchids being sent to Mr. Rutherford in November, 1897-
He sorted them, saw their names put on the labels, and remained in the
‘shed until they were packed and the box closed and addressed, after which
it was sent to the station. The Rambouillet had four bulbs and a growth.
It was a division of a plant which had flowered four times, in 1893, 1894,
1895, and 1896. He had seen this plant, but did not recognize it. The

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 239

man who packed the Orchid under his direction was not present in Court.

Mr. Henry Schuster said he was formerly a traveller in the employ of the
defendants, and was acquainted with the history of this Rambouillet Orchid,
It was purchased in France, and was kept for some time before being
divided. The choice varieties were kept in a special compartment of the
house, and numbered about 60 or 70. One or two pieces of this particular
variety were sold, but he was not sure if there was any of the stock left.
The value would depend partly upon the number of plants there were. He
should think a plant of the Rambouillet wouid be fully paid for by £8o.
Many superior varieties had since turned up, and he doubted if he could sell
a plant for £80 now, even in flower. It was Mr. Haumont’s duty to see
the plants properly packed. He would be pleased to sell Mr. Cowan half a
dozen plants at £150 each if he had them.

Mr. William Handel Cannon, said that he was solicitor for the defend-
ants, and had had many years experience as an Orchid grower. He had
4,000 or 5,000 plants and 2,000 or 3,000 seedlings. Personally he could see
nothing in this Orchid to give £80 for. He would not give £50 for it. He
was only speaking as an Orchid grower.

Mr. Glasgow said that concluded his case. He submitted that defend-
ants had taken as much care as the plaintiff that there should be no mistake,
and the burden of proof lay with the latter. With regard to the question
of liability he submitted that he was not liable at all. We can do no more
than we have done. On the evidence his friend had given it
would be very difficult for plaintiff to establish his case, especially
when you recollect that seventy of his constituents have come over to view
his Orchids, attended only by the gardener. If this Orchid is not blooming
or going to bloom in plaintiff's house, it may bloom in the house of one of
his constituents or in that of some other gentleman. Gardeners of other
gentlemen might come too, and they sometimes exchange flowers quite
honestly, but some might come along and desire to take an Orchid of that
kind. All these possibilities had to be taken into consideration before the
plaintiff could make out his case.

Mr. Horridge submitted that he had proved conclusively that this
particular variety had not been sent. If its value was sufficient to make
defendants recollect the plant, how much more would it make plaintiff's
gardener, who was present when Mr. Schuster sold it, and who knew
its value, watch it carefully and recollect all about it! It was bought
in November, 1897, and no such flower as was sold has appeared
in our Orchid house, which I submit is conclusive evidence that the
thing we bought never came. It is not suggested that any plant has
ever been missed from the house; the books contain a full description
of these Orchids, and therefore the only suggestion would be that

240 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

some gentleman came with that pot and those six or seven bulbs
in his pocket, and took one plant away, and put that plant in place
of it. I submit that these facts are conclusive, and that the damages
claimed represent a reasonable figure.

Mr. Justice Bruce, in giving judgment, said that it was an action to
recover damages for breach of warranty, the plaintiff alleging that the plant
was not true to description, but an altogether inferior variety. The questior
turned on the identity of the plant—whether the plant produced in court
was the one delivered by the defendants to the plaintiff, and he thought
that the evidence given by the plaintiff was sufficient to establish his case, if
not displaced by the other evidence. He then reviewed the evidence on
both sides, and pointed out that if the plant sent off had four bulbs and a
growth it was not the same plant which arrived with six bulbs. On its
arrival it was carefully labelled, registered, the number of bulbs given,
and the plant had never been removed from the pot of Belgian make in
which it arrived. It was carefully watched, and did not flower until
January, 1900, when beyond all doubt the blossom was not true, and did
not answer the warranty. Plaintiff gave complete evidence as _ to
details, and if that evidence is true, undoubtedly he has proved his
case. Defendants appear to keep no register, and the evidence
on their part depends almcst entirely upon the evidence of Mr.
Haumont, whose attention was not called to the matter until a
long time afterwards, and he may well be mistaken. It seemed to
him that he ought to find for the plaintiff on that part of the case, that the
plant produced in court was the one sent as the Triomphe de Rambouillet,
and as it is admitted that it does not answer the description, the warranty
has not been complied with.

There remained the question of damages. A considerable body of evi-
dence has been produced on plaintiff's behalf to show that this plant, if it
had answered the description, would have been worth £150. On the
other hand, Mr. Schuster, for the defendants, says the value would not be
more than £80. That was a great conflict of testimony and he must deal
with it in the best way he could. He was inclined to assess the value of
that Orchid at £120. He thought there was no doubt at all about the
Principle on which the damages should be assessed in a case of this kind of
breach of warranty. It was the difference between the article as it is and
the value as it would have been if it had answered the description. In his
opinion, if it had answered the description, it would have been worth £120. Its
present value he understood not to be more than £5 or £6, and taking the
highest sum, 6, that left the amount of £114, at which sum he asse:
the damages. There will be judgment for the plaintiff for £114.

Mr. Horridge: And the costs, my Lerd? His Lordship: And the costs.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 245

PAPHIOPEDILUM x TAUTZIANUM VAR. YOUNGII.
Ir is interesting to record that the very rare hybrid Paphiopedilum X
Tautzianum has again been raised, a plant having been exhibited at the
R. H. S. meeting at Chiswick, on July 16th, from the collection of Reginald
Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool, under the above name. It is a case of
patience and perseverance rewarded, as Mr. Young has been making experi-
ments for years, as may be seen by several interesting notices which have
appeared in these pages (vol. iii., p. 201; iv., p. 309; v-, p- 364, and vi.,
p- 362), the last containing a very complete summary of the work attempted.

Fic. 33. PAPHIOPEDILUM X TAUTZIANUM VAR. YOUNGII.

The history of this particular seedling is :—Cross made May, 1896; seed
sown December following; seedlings discovered, November, 1897; plant
flowered, June, 1901. Mr. Young, in kindly sending the photograph, writes :
—*‘ Curiously enough the seedling now in flower is one of the third batch,
and twelve months younger than the second, of which no seedling has yet
pushed up a spike. Evidence of the influence of the pollen parent, P. niveum,
is apparent in all three batches, noticeably in the black dust-like markings

242 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

on the under surface of the leaves. It may be worthy of remark that the
P. barbatum grandiflorum used as seed parent was the same plant in both
instances, and that in both cases also the two pollen masses were used. In
my first attempt only one pollen mass was used. I may add that the one par-
ticular seedling of the first batch which showed the influence of P. niveum in
the foliage has now died without flowering, so that I may put down my first
attempt to produce a true P. X Tautzianum asa failure.” It may be
remembered that the remaining seedlings of this batch proved indistinguish-
able from P. barbatum when they flowered, and yet the greatest care was
taken in making the cross. Mr. Young has made no less than twelve
attempts to raise this particular hybrid, and certainly deserves to be con-
gratulated on at length succeeding. Probably the success will be repeated
as other seedlings reach the flowering stage. The original P. x Tautzianum
was raised from the reverse cross, P. niveum being the seed-parent, as also
appears to have been the case with the variety lepidum ; the present one,
from the reversed cross, is sufficiently distinct from both to warrant the use
of the varietal name. The ground colour is white, with a distinct flush of
rosy purple, and the markings are of a rather darker shade.

AERIDES MULTIFLORUM AND ITS ALLIES,

SOME time ago the late Major-General Berkeley showed that the well-
known Aérides multiflorum could be divided into four distinct types or
varieties, according to the geographical area in which the plants were
collected (Orch. Rev., i. pp. 163-164). Mr. Gustav Mann has now made
some observations which point inthe same direction, though, owing to the
absence of specimens from certain localities, it is difficult to follow all the
details. Mr. Mann, however, has had good opportunities to observe the
species in a wild state.

The original A. multiflorum, of Roxburgh, was described and figured
from specimens collected on the Garrow Hills, in the vicinity of Silhet
(Roxb. Cor. PI. iii. p. 68, t. 271), where it is said to flower during April and
May. Mr. Mann describes it as having bright green, narrow, and thin
leaves, nearly always drooping, like the flowers. He considers that Bot.
Mag., t. 4049 is an excellent figure of this species, notwithstanding a note
in the text that the plant was sent to Kew from the mountains of Nepal,
which he thinks must have arisen through some mistake, as the plant never
grows as far west as Nepal.

The plant growing in the Sikkim Himalaya, Nepal, and as far east as
Lower Assam, which is said to be accurately represented in Pantling’s
Orchids of the Sikkim Himalaya (Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc., viii., p. 212,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 243

t. 283), is said to have much more succulent, stiffer leaves, always of a
somewhat reddish colour, especially in the cold weather, and both leaves
and flowers stand erect. It never extends further eastwards than the
Goalpara district in Lower Assam, and it is suggested that this plant is
quite distinct from A. multiflorum.

Higher up the Brahmaputra Valley the preceding is replaced by the
allied A. Fieldingii, Lodd., which is said to be much scarcer and handsomer,
and grows more isolated, while both the forms referred to A. multiflorum
are frequently crowded, sometimes hundreds of plants on one tree, and on
the old mango trees at Dhubri Station, in Lower Assam, Mr. Mann has
seen perhaps a thousand plants on one tree of the second form of A. multi-
florum mentioned.

On looking the matter up I find that the name A. affine belongs chiefly
to the western form mentioned, and should the two prove as constantly
distinct as the above notes suggest, the name may have to be restored,
though at present it is treated as synonymous with A. multiflorum. A.
affine, Wallich, first appeared about 1828, as the name of a species said to
grow in Silhet and Nepal, but without any description (Wall. Cat., n. 7316),
and this latter was only furnished by Lindley in 1833 (Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl.
p. 239), where the same two habitats are repeated. Then a fine figure was
given by the latter author (Sert. Orch., t. 15), and the name A. multiflorum,
Roxb., is given as a synonym. Wallich’s plant is said to have been met
with on the southern mountains of Nepal, near Sheopore. The figure was
prepared from a drawing in the possession of the East India Company,
assisted by dried specimens, and it is added that the species had also
flowered in the collection of Messrs. Loddiges. This figure represents the
erect Nepal plant, though Roxburgh’s habitat and name are included in the
text. This early confusion may be the cause of the suggested mistake in
the Botanical Magazine record above alluded to, and it may have been this
which led Berkeley to consider the western form as probably the type of
A. multiflorum, which we have just seen is not the case. There appears
also to have been some confusion with the original dried specimens of A.
affine. At all events Wallich’s Nepal sheet so labelled at Kew contains
also specimens of A. odoratum and Rhynchostylis retusa, though
fortunately Lindley’s description and figure show which was the true plant.

A. roseum, Lindl. (Paxt. Fl. Gard., ii., p. 109, t- 60) was described and
figured from a plant which flowered with Messrs. Loddiges. Its exact origin
was not stated, but it appears to represent the western form, and was after-
wards made a variety of A. affine.

A. Lobbii (I/l. Hort., 1868, t. 559) was introduced from Moulmein, by
Thomas Lobb, who sent it to Messrs. Veitch in 1851, and is the Burmese
representative of A. multiflorum. It has longer, somewhat branched

244 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

inflorescences, and broadish leaves. A. Veitchii (Belg. Hort., 1876, p. 291)
is aform of the same, and has the same history.

A. Godefroyanum (Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1886, xxv. p. 814) was
introduced from Saigon in Cochin China, by M. Godefroy Lebeuf, and has
long, complicate leaves, which give the plant a distinct appearance, and
brilliantly coloured flowers with broad segments. It as since been referred
to A. multiflorum.

A. multiflorum in the aggregate sense, as now understood, has also been
reported from the Andaman Islands, and Ridley also records it from Siam,
so that it appears to be a very widely diffused and variable plant, but how
far the different forms can be distinguished by absolute characters cannot
be determined without a more complete series of specimens than is
available for comparison.

A. Fieldingii was introduced by Messrs. Veitch in 1850, through Thomas
Lobb, together with Vanda ccerulea, and was long known in cultivation as the
*‘Fox-brush Aérides,”’ being afterwards named in compliment to Colonel
Fielding, an officer of the Indian army, in 1875 (Jenn. Orch., t. 20). It is
very nearly allied to A. multiflorum, but has broad leaves, a very dense
inflorescence, and the front lobe of the lipis very acute. Its principal
habitat is given as Shillong, and the adjacent hills. A. Williamsii (Warn.
Sel. Orch., i., t. 21) is a beautiful white variety which is believed to have
been sent howe along with the type, and is very rare in cultivation.

PAPHIOPEDILUM ROTHSCHILDIANUM ABNORMAL.

A VERY curious flower of Paphiopedilum Rothschildianum has appeared
in the collection of D. M. Grimsdale, Esq., Kent Lodge, Uxbridge, in
which the staminode has reverted to its original character and come as a
perfect anther, occupying a position at the back of the column, midway
between the two normal anthers. Thus in this respect the flower is
identical with that of Neuwiedia, the most primitive Orchid known, in
which there are always three perfect anthers, situated at the back of the
flower. The only other departure from the normal structure is that the
lower sepal is divided to the middle into two. The abnormal flower is the
terminal one on the spike, and as the rest are normal the occurrence is
probably accidental. The chief interest in these abnormal flowers is the
light they often throw on the evolution of the highly complex organism we
now know as an Orchid flower, and the homologies of the different parts,
and the present example would suffice to show that the staminode of this
genus is only a modified stamen were the point any longer in doubt.

K. A. RK.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 245

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR AUGUST.

By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.
Owrnc to the excessive heat we have passed through since thelast Calendar
was written, the Warm and Intermediate class of Orchids have grown apace,
and are now but little if any behind their usual condition for the time of year,
in spite of the previous cold and comparatively sunless weather. On the
other hand, with the Cool House Odontoglossums the reverse is the case,
the cool weather suiting them to a nicety, but now they are showing signs
that the late great heat was a little too much for them. It was, indeed,
quite impossible to keep the temperature cool enough for them just then,
though no permanent injury can result during these short periods of heat if
the house is kept as cool as it can be by the aid of extra thick shading.
Old boards are good for placing on the roof during the hottest time of the
day, keeping the glass very much cooler than would otherwise be the case.
It is during the extreme heat that the lath roller blinds have, I think, a
distinct advantage over the net-work shading, more especially if raised six
inches or more from the glass, being then much cooler.

The Dendrobiums should naw again be looked over, and all having
completed their new pseudobulbs removed to another department to mature
them. Many other species of Orchid will also soon have their new growths
fully made up, and should either receive similar treatment to the Dendrobes
or have suitable positions selected for them in their respective departments.
The summer blooming Cattleyas are amongst these, also Lelia majalis,
Catasetum, Mormodes, and Cycnoches, and possibly a few isolated cases of
various genera. On the other hand a large number of species are only just
commencing to push forth new growth. Such it is unnecessary to say should
have every encouragement given them to grow. Thus it will be seen that
this is a season of a good deal of changing of places or transferring to other
houses—little matters perhaps, but very important nevertheless, for every-
thing appertaining to successful flowering depends in the first place on the
size of the pseudobulb, and, secondly, on the maturing of the same. In the
latter process, however, see that it is of a gradual character, and that
extremes are avoided.

During this the growing season of the majority of Orchids it is indis-
pensable that a good supply of moisture be maintained, atmospherically and
also at the roots of the plants. This I have always recommended, but I
may here add a word of caution against applying too much to the latter,
for it is quite possible to do so. The safest plan is to let the compost get fairly
dry before watering it. The roots keep healthier, because the compost keeps
sweeter, consequently the tissue or fibre of the plant is more firmly built,
and much less liable to disease in its various forms. The above applies to

246 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Odontoglossum crispum and Cypripediums, as well as other Orchids. It
used to be thought that the roots of an Odontoglossum crispum should be
continually saturated when growing, but that it is the wrong treatment has
again and again been proved by all the best cultivators. It will have been
noticed during hot weather, when but little if any fire heat is required in
any department, what an extremely small amount of water is necessary
at the root to keep the compost in a moist and fit condition. It is during
such times that over-watering is to be feared, more than at any other season
of the year.

Any plants where the moss has grown badly, or where the surface of the
compost looks bad from any other cause, should now be re-surfaced with
fresh, live, sphagnum moss, which will soon grow nicely and make just
enough headway before the winter to carry the plants through, giving them
a nice, neat, and trim appearance. Neatness and trimness, not only
indicates that care is bestowed upon them, but it has a great bearing on the
healthiness of the plants. In order to secure this cleanliness it is neces-
sary, of course, to handle each individual pretty frequently, and by so doing
little matters of importance are detected and remedied in time so prevent
possible future trouble. Slugs are caught wholesale when a general pot
wash takes place, thus preserving many tender spikes. Again, it is not
always possible to see that thrip and red spider are gaining a foothold with-
out a close view. What looks worse than leaves permanently disfigured by
thrip punctures? It is in these days of patent, safe, and effectual insecti-
cides a standing reproach. Weeds and ferns are better exterminated.
None of these should be seen in an Orchid pot, for it imparts a rubbishy
and uncared for appearance.

Ccelogyne cristata, Lycaste Skinneri, and the deciduous Calanthes are now
getting on well with their growth, and, if well rooted, are species that enjoy
watering at this juncture with a little weak cow dung manure water. It
may also be applied now to the evergreen Calanthes, Phaius. grandifolius,
and similar species, also to Sobralias, Pleiones, and other terrestial growing
kinds. But unless the plants are firmly rooted, and the compost isin a good
state of preservation, no good, but more probably harm, will result from
giving manure water.

Black spot on the foliage of the Serktncns Calanthes is a disease to be
dreaded. It does stick to them—in fact, when once contracted I doubt if
it is possible to thoroughly cure them again. Certainly the application of
manure seems then to aggravate more than otherwise. This disease, I
think, is brought about in many cases by over-feeding. In the clear air of
the country Calanthes usually give but little trouble if treated with ordinary

care; but in large towns I fear their successful culture is more the excep~ 2

tion than the rule. Even though fair sized bulbs may be produced, the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 247

spikes are weak, and the blooms washy, owing to lack of light at their
blooming season.

Lelia anceps, though not giving so much trouble as the foregoing, is
unfortunately very troublesome. They grow well enough in towns, and
produce their flower spikes, which bloom pretty well in November or
December should the air be moderately clear, but one good smoky day is
enough to clear them off. This is very provoking, for Lelia anceps is
such a grand and useful thing when well and strongly grown. They are now
making up apace and just showing their flower spikes. The new leaves of
these, like some other species when forming, are sometimes scarcely self-
supporting and topple over, in which position they mature, if not lifted and
tied in a correct one. If the latter is attended to at once they will soon be
all right again, and in a few days they are rigid, when the support may be
removed. Little items such as the above, if performed at the right time, all
help to form a neat and handsome plant, but if not trained at the right time
no tying can bring back a natural appearance. L.autumnalis, L. Gouldiana,
and L. albida are other beautiful winter bloomers that are also now
moving nicely. These, although enjoying the same conditions as the
Mexican House affords, will not withstand nearly so much bright sun-
shine as L. anceps, and should be shaded by a thin coat of whitewash or
summer cloud.

Ants will probably cause a good deal of trouble this month in the warm-
est houses. They are troublesome and destructive little creatures, and are
better if absent. Their habits of carrying about scale, of worrying out the
compost from among the roots, and of entirely disposing of tiny Orchid
seedlings, are not very agreeable. They have alsoa particular liking for
the juices of some Orchids, especially Phalznopses, and they not infrequent-
ly kill this species by continually feeding on the under surfaces of the leaves.
Ballykilrain Ant Poison is the best invention that I have yet tried for
destroying them. It should be well stirred, and smeared in places along
their favourite runs each afternoon, when the shutting up takes place, when
the extra warmth then seems to make them most active and voracious.

The new pseudobulbs of that beautiful winter flowering Orchid, Catt-
leya Trianz, are now fast making up one by one. To remove such to dryer
and less growing conditions would now be -a good plan, the next best alter-
native being to select the driest and airiest place in the same house for
them. Whatever course be taken, an occasional plant will doubtless break
a second time, but this fact should make no difference to its treatment.
Cattleya Dowiana and C. D. aurea are almost identical in the flower, but
the difference in their habits and constitutions is great. The first-named
has a thickish, club-shaped bulb, and short, roundish leaf, and is pale green
in colour, whilst the latter has longer, thinner bulbs and leaves, and is dark

248 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

green in colour. The first is shy to bloom, and its natural time for so doing is
late autumn, a month or two after growth is completed, but the last is very
free blooming, and does so immediately growth is completed. C. D. aurea
will soon be in bloom, after which it should enjoy a good rest, and care
should be taken to wholly remove the old flower sheath, or decay may set
in there when the flower spike is cut. This decay is caused by the natural
decay of the remaining portion of the spike, which cannot dry up owing to
the sheath, and decay then descends to the bulb, when the leaf falls and
the plant is greatly weakened. A judicious rest given now avoids possible
trouble the following growing season, when the new partly-formed growths
are apt to turn spotted and perish. Cattleyas superba and Eldorado will this
month be at their best. Both are beautiful, but neither will withstand rest
as applied to other Cattleyas. They should simply be kept drier in their
tespective place, namely, the East Indian house.

CATTLEYA RENE.

UNDER the name of Cattleya René, M. Ed. André has described a supposed
new Cattleya in the Revue Horticole for July 16th, which has flowered in the
collection of M. O. Doin, of Paris, and the description is accompanied by a
woodcut and a coloured plate (p- 332, fig. 141). It is said to have been im-
ported direct from Brazil, and to be intermediate between C. Mossiz and an-
other parent which it is difficult to identify, though its possessor thinks it was
‘C. Lueddemanniana (speciosissima). C. gigas and C. aurea appear to have
both been thought of, but the idea was abandoned on consideration. It is
dedicated to Miss René André, and is described as most like C. Mossiz but
different in some respects. It is a beautiful plant, but two or three diffi-
culties suggest themselves about the record. C. Mossize and C. Lueddemann-
iana are natives of Venezuela, and a natural hybrid between them, if such
were known, would scarcely be likely to appear in Brazil. If the plant had
been cultivated in Brazil its origin might be explained in some other way,
but on this point there is no exidence. The figure certainly does not
Tepresent a typical C. Mossiz, but that species is notoriously variable, and
without seeing a flower one might ask whether it may not be an extreme
form of this polymorphic plant. This does not quite get over the geographical
difficulty, but on this point it may be said that no combination of known
Brazilian species would yield such a plant. It is to be hoped that its
history may be cleared up in the future, for we have already too many of
these doubtful forms, which form such a stumbling block when one tries to
clear up the history of a genus. ; R. A. R.

SRR caer cs searesconaend

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 249

LASLIA x DIANA.

Last year a pretty little hybrid was described in these pages under the
name of Lzlio-cattleya x Hurstii (p. 287). It had been purchased at the
sale of the Selly Hill collection with the recorded parentage, “‘ Laelia
purpurata X Cattleya Skinneri,” and at that time the record was not sus-
pected. It has now flowered again and Captain Hurst has had the plant
photographed, and points out certain characters which resemble Lelia
Dayana, not Cattleya Skinneri. For example, the pollinia are of equal size,

Fre. 34. Laria x DIANA.

the leaves and flowers solitary, the latter appearing in late summer, on in-
complete growths, and without a sheath, also the colour and scent of the
flower, and some slightly raised keels on the lip, are evidently characters
derived from Lzlia Dayana, and thus the parentage must be amended.
hybrid between L. purpurata and L. Dayana has just been recorded in these
pages as L. x Diana (p. 197), and though the present one is not so good a
form as that, its essential characters agree, and it must be considered as a

>

oe THE ORCHID REVIEW.

form of the same hybrid. The photograph here reproduced shows its
general character, but the plant is still very small, and the petals do not
seem quite fully developed. As already remarked the flower sent by Mr.
Keeling was very handsome.

ORCHIDS AT BRADFORD.

Aw illustration of a house of Odontoglossums in Messrs. Charlesworth &
Co.’s Nursery, at Heaton, Bradford, appears in The Garden for July 13th
(page 33), together with some interesting notes on the establishment and
the Orchids cultivated there. It is described as an Orchid Nursery only,
and its rise and progress are attributed to the growing popularity of this
beautiful class of plants. A note on the use of leaf-mould in the establish-
men is so interesting that we reproduce it :—

“Mr. Charlesworth firmly believes in the new Orchid compost that is
now becoming so popular with Orchid growers, namely, leaf-soil. This
must be good and ‘leafy,’ having all the dust and small particles removed
by a coarse-grained sieve. Mr. Charlesworth hopes in the course of a
short time to cultivate practically the whole of his Orchids in this compost,
and to dispense with peat and sphagnum as a rooting medium. The results
obtained so far with Odontoglossums and Cypripediums in particular are
veryremarkable. The small and usually delicate Lady’s Slippers in the new
compost grow with a surprising vigour, while Odontoglossums make growths
that in the ordinary compost appear to be almost impossible. Miltonias,
too, with many are often poor growers, the leaves being of a sickly greenish
yellow, and would hardly be recognized when established in the leaf-soil.
Orchids that have refused to thrive ina mixture of peat and sphagnum, and
indeed were quickly dying, have, when provided witha compost of leaf soil,
not only recovered, but have made astonishing progress too. Cattleyas also
and other genera are partially cultivated by Mr. Charlesworth in this new
_ soil that he has so much faith in, and justly so.

“ There seems to be a probability of Orchid culture being practically
revolutionized, if the leaf soil continues to prove a success, which so far it
undoubtedly has done. The culture of Orchids will at least be brought within
the reach of many more than has hitherto been the case, if it can be proved
and made generally known that some, at any rate, of the most popular genera
can be grown under the same treatment as that accorded to ordinary green-
_ house or warm house plants. That such will prove to be possible in the
near future we are sufficiently optimistic to believe; it will, at any rate, be
most interesting to watch what developments follow when the more general
use of leaf soil for Orchids has been widely advocated.”

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 252

SOCIETIES.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

THE first meeting of the month was held on July 2nd at the Drill Hall,
Buckingham Gate, Westminster, when few Orchids were exhibited. There
were present of the Orchid Committee :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair,
and Messrs. E. Ashworth, H. Ballaatine, W. A. Bilney, T. W. Bond, H. j-
Chapman, J. Douglas, J. G. Fowler, H. T. Pitt, H. M. Pollett, J. W-
Potter, F. A. Rehder, H. A. Tracy, W. H. Young, W. H. White, and
J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.)

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford Bridge (gr. Mr. White), exhibited
the rich ruby-crimson Renanthera Imschootiana superba, Cypripedium X
Wiertzianum Burford variety, Sobralia macrantha superba, and the curious
Aéranthes dentiens, light green in colour, the latter receiving a Botanical
Certificate. There was alsoa plant of the very interesting Schomburg-
kia Thomsoniana, which gained an Award of Merit. This plant first
made its appearance in the collection of W. J. Thompson, Esq., Ghyllbank,
St. Helens, and was exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society’s Show
at Liverpool in 1886, when it was described by the late Professor Reichen-
bach. Its habitat was unknown, but since then some specimens sent from
the Great Cayman Islands, in the West Indies, have been identified with it
by Mr. Rolfe. The plant has the general habit of S. tibicinis, but the
flowers are smaller, the sepals and petals yellow and very undulate, and the
front lobe of the lip purple.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
showed a splendid plant of Cattleya Gaskelliana alba with nine flowers, to
which a Cultural Commendation was given, and C. Mendelii albescens, a
beautiful white form with a very slight blush tint on the sepals and lip.

J. A. Timmis, Esq., Stone Hall, Oxted, showed examples of Cattleya
Mossiz and C. Warneri.

Mr. E. Kromer, Roraima Nursery, Bandon Hill, Croydon, showed a
good plant of Promenza xanthina (citrina) with eleven bright yellow flowers.

THE meeting on July 16th was held at the Society’s Gardens at Chiswick, in
connection with the Conference on Lilies. The weather was brilliant, and
the big Vinery was a little too hot to be pleasant. The Orchid exhibits
were not numerous, but included several very interesting things, and among
them another hybrid Odontoglossum from the collection of De Barri
Crawshay, Esq. The Orchid Committee was represented by:—H. J-
Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. T- W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, De
B. Crawshay, E. Hill, A. Hislop, H. T. Pitt, W. Thompson, W. H. Young,
and J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.)

252 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), sent an
inflorescence of Odontoglossum maculatum Thompsonianum, an exception-
ally large and handsome form, far superior to anything we have yet seen.
The inflorescence bore eight flowers, which measured three inches in
diameter across the petals, and the segments were very broad and richly
coloured. A First-class Certificate was awarded.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Stables),
received an Award of Merit for Odontoglossum xX Crawshayanum, an
interesting and handsome hybrid raised from O. Halli ¢ and O. Harry-
anum g¢. The flower most resembles the latter, somewhat modified in the
details of the column wings and crest, but the colour is almost that of a
light form of O. Hallii. The cross was made in 1894, and the plant has
now flowered for the first time.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
sent an inflorescence of the handsome Cattleya x Whitei, a natural hybrid
from C. Warneri and C. Schilleriana, whose history was given on page 292
of our seventh volume.

E. Roberts, Esq., Park Lodge, Eltham (gr. Mr. Carr), showed a well
grown example of Anguloa Ruckeri bearing six flowers.

Reginald Young, Esq., Linnet Lane, Sefton Park, Liverpool (gr. Mr.
Poyntz), exhibited Paphiopedilum xX Tautzianum Youngii (barbatum grandi-
florum 2 X niveum 3), a pretty form with the flowers tinged with light
purple on a white ground. Its portrait and history are given on page 241.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, staged a small but
select group, including two fine forms of Cattleya Gaskelliana, Lelia x
Iona (tenebrosa x Dayana), with small, richly coloured flowers, Cypri-
pedium X Lawrenceano-Charlesworthii, a very pretty little hybrid combining
the characters of the two parent species, C. X Frau Ida Brandt (Io grande
x Youngianum), the handsome C. x Goweri magnificum, and C. X
Kimballianum Low’s var., a large and handsome form which received an
Award of Merit.

A THIRD meeting was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, West-
minster, on July 30th, when the number of exhibits was very small.

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., New Hall Hey, Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill),
exhibited the beautiful Cypripedium x Maudie magnificum, which received
a First-class Certificate, also a seedling of unrecorded parentage.

N. C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray),
teceived an Award of Merit for Cypripedium xX Argo-Rothschildianum,
whose parentage is indicated by its name.

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan),
exhibited Cypripedium x warnhamiense.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 253

R. Tunstill, Esq., Monkholme, Brusfield, Burnley, showed a good form
of Cattleya Eldorado.

Sir F. Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
exhibited Cypripedium concolor, C. niveum, C. X Godefroy, Cattleya
x Atalanta, C. x Whitei, C. x F. W. Wigan, C. x porphyrophlebia, and
Lezlio-cattleya x Hy. Greenwood.

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a fine showy group, for which
a Silver Flora Medal was awarded. Included were Lelio-cattleya x
callistoglossa, and four plants of the brilliant variety ignescens, L.-c X
Ascania, L.-c X Clonia, L.-c X Duvaliana (C. Lueddemanniana 2? x L.
purpurata 3), and Cattleya X Atalanta.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
A MEETING of this Society was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on
June 2oth, when the exhibits were very few, as is usual about this time of
the year.

S. Gratrix, Esq., West Point, Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Cypher), received
a First-class Certificate for a fine example of Cattleya Gaskelliana formosa,
and Awards of Merit for C. Mendelii West Point var., a finely shaped and
richly coloured flower, C. Mossiz Arnoldiana, and Odontoglossum crispum.
West Point var.

A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), received a First-
class Certificate for Cypripedium Curtisii x Morganie, a handsome hybrid
intermediate in character.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Cottingley, Bingley, received a Bronze Medal for a.
good group of Orchids containing some showy Cattleyas, Lelias, and
Cypripediums.

CATTLEYA ROEZLII.
Tue Moniteur d Horticole for July 25th contains a note on Cattleya Roezlii
by M. Otto Ballif (p. 162), from a plant in the collection of M. J. Ragot,
Villenoy, near Meaux, France. It is said to have been described by
Reichenbach as a natural hybrid between C. Mossize and C. speciosissima,,.
but I do not find such a remark, and it may be interesting to repeat Reichen-
bach’s original description, which is as follows :—

“ CaTTLEYA (labiata) R6EzLu, Rchb. f., 1874. This turns out to be
merely a catalogue name, and I have earned many reproaches on account of
it from excellent Orchidic acquaintances iu England who were a little inter-
ested in the trade. I spoke about Cattleya Mossie without having Sir
William Hooker’s table, Bot. Mag., 3669,in my memory. The feeling
against Don Benito was, however, quite pardonable—even justified. Panno-

254 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Roezl had most accidentally only introduced, if I remember right, 6,000
plants at once, and those who had paid first good prices felt a well excusable
regret. Where are they? Vadite.ad inferos. In those days Cattleyas were
repotted as often as Coleuses, and they died, though not so quickly as
Coleuses. I have, however, a letter from Mr. J. Miles, Lord Rendlesham’s
gardener, who sent me in the autumn of 1875 the first flower expanded in
Europe, far superior to my typical wild flower sent by M. Roezl, aud now
by Mr. Sander. The plant has more slender bulbs and there appear to be
usually two nearly equal joints, whereas in Cattleya Mossie I think them
very unequal. The flower would appear to resemble most nearly that of
Cattleya Warscewiczii. It has two bright-yellow eyes behind the anterior
blade of fine purple. The superior part between the side laciniz appears
to be quite or nearly free from brown. It has usually three flowers, now
two. I hope the plant will now-a-days be kept, and enjoy a good reputation.’

—Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1882, xviii., P 457.

This does not read at all like the description of a natural hybrid, and the
plant has since been almost, though not quite, lost sight of. My own im-
pression is that it is one of the forms of C. Lueddemanniana, but I hope to
‘be able to examine it when next it flowers.

RK. A. K.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

‘SEVERAL beautiful Odontoglossums are sent from the collection of R.
Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch, Manchester, by Mr. Pidsley. O. X excellens
‘Charlesworthii, obtained from Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., has the centre
of the petals and the lip white, the former with one or two spots, and the
latter four or five in front of the crest. The rest of the flower is bright
yellow, with two bars of confluent brown blotches on each sepal. O. crispum
Trissie Ashworth, obtained from Mr. Bogarde, of Birmingham, three years
ago, has the ground pure white and the sepals heavily blotched with clear
light purple, each petal bearing about four similar small spots. The shape

including the lip, very broad, and the latter has the three confluent cinnamon
coloured spots in front of the crest, and many small spots near the
margin. The petals are white and the sepals suffused with pink. It came
from Messrs. Sander. The remaining one is a good white crispum, slightly
tinged with pink on the lateral sepals, and the spots confined to the lip.
How far these forms differ from some of those which have preceded them
we cannot say, for the varieties of Odontoglossum crispum are becoming
-almost innumerable.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 255

CATTLEYA x GLORIOSA.

In the Gardeners’ Chronicle for June 25th last (p. 418) a hybrid is described
by M. Cogniaux, under the name of Cattleya x gloriosa, which was raised
by M. A. S. Peeters, of Brussels, from C. Warneri and C. Schilleriana. It
is evidently a handsome thing, but if the parentage is correctly stated the
plant must be considered a form of a handsome natural hybrid described
many years earlier in the same work, namely C. x Whitei, (Gard. Chron.,
1882, xviil., p. 586). Then there is an earlier artificial hybrid derived from
the same two species, namely, C. X Russelliana, raised by M. G. Mantin.
which has since been considered as a form of C. X Whitei (Orch. Rev., vii.,
p. 292). It is unfortunate that this now well-known plant should have received
an additional name. There is also an earlier C. gloriosa (L. Lind. in Journ.
d. Orch., \i., p. 342), which has dropped into the ranks of synonymy, being
a form of the old C. labiata. KR. A. Re.

NOTES.
Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during August, on the 13th and
27th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock

noon.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society hold no meeting
during August, their next meeting being fixed for September 5th.

An illustration of a house of Miltonia vexillaria in the collection of
R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell, appears in The
Garden for July 27th (p. 61). It is very effective, and shows how well Mr. |
Chapman has succeeded with the culture of this plant in an essentially
metropolitan locality.

We learn from Mr. Elwes that the charming little Cypripedium guttatum,
for which he received a Botanical Certificate at the recent Temple Show,
was brought home by him all the way from the Altai Mountains. It was
found at a high attitude, where it is covered with snow for about eight
months of the year, growing and flowering during the short summer. Mr.
Elwes has succeeded in growing it for three successive years by keeping it
in his ice-house during the whole period that it is at rest—certainly a novel
method of treatment, but one which is justified by results.

Lelio-cattleya x Bertha is the name of a hybrid derived from Lelia
grandis XX Cattleya Schroedere, which has recently flowered in the
collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., The Woodlands, Streatham, and is
described in The Garden, 1901, \ix., p. 369.

256 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Writing on the culture of Odontoglossum Harryanum in the Gardeners
Chronicle for June 25th, “G. G. W.” remarks (p. 419) that two years ago
he saw about a score of plants of this fine Odontoglossum in a very healthy
condition, full of vigour, and flowering wonderfully every year. They had
not been potted for at least six years, and even Continental growers who
saw the plants said that they had never seen finer. The most remarkable
thing about them was that they grew on a shelf in a glass potting shed,
with a higher temperature than is usually afforded Odontoglossums all the
year round.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CaTTLeya xX: Miss Harris var. E. ASHwortTH.—Gard. Mag., 1901,
p- 481, with fig.

CaTTLeya RENE, André.—Rev. Hort., 1901,.p. 332, fig. 141, and plate.

CIRRHOPETALUM CUMINGII.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii., p. 75, with fig.

Cympipium LowIANUM X EBURNEUM.—Gard. Chron., 1901, XXX., Pp. 25,
he. 10.

L&LIA LINDLEYANA, Veitch.——-Lindenta, t. 742.

ODONTOGLOSSUM BRAECKMANI, Hort.—Lindemaa, t. 744.

OpoNTOGLOssUM X CRAWSHAYANUM.—Gard. Chron., 1901, XXX., PPp-
60, 77. Ge. 27.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM QUEEN EmpREss.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xlii.
p- 235, with fig. Var. SANDER#.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii., p. 3, with fig.

OponTocLossum Epwarpil.—Journ. Hort., 1got, xlii., p. 236, with fig,

ODONTOGLOSSUM X MACULATUM THOMPSONIANUM.—Gard. Chron.,
IQOI, XxX., pp. 60, 77, fig.'28; Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii., p. 73, with fig.

ONCIDIUM STELLIGERUM, Rchb. f., vAR. ERNEST, Will.—Lindema,

t. 743-
PHALZENOPSIS X ee Tae Hort., 1901, xlii., pp. 236, 237+
with fig.
SoBRALIA’ RUCKERI.—Gard. Chron., 1901, XXx., pp. 66, 67, fig. 23-
ZYGOPETALUM X CLay1, Rchb. f.—Lindenia, t. 741.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c,

(Correspondents not seeps ata here may find ‘replies to their Oe pages, and in
cases, for they 1 for a future issue. In the case of hy y brid soiliaes:
sent for name, the parentage an d history should always be briefly stated, for without these details we
are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily.)

1% AA ovina Maxillaria nigrescens, Lindl., and Polystachya cultrata, Lindl. Many

- ee Ailtakers x — Tiana :
es Mormodes pardinum var. unicolo or and arsed Cymbidium ensifolium, SW.»
which however i is not known to a igenous in Jav
s - Odontoglossum x Denisonz, one of = ee with white ground.
Photographs — . thanks. ee ie H.
Received. J. R . Cy _E. Ry B.

STANLEY, ASHTON & Co.,
SOUTHGATE, LONDON, N.,
°C bie importing the FINEST ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Colombia produces.
and guarantee all their plants.

All buyers of the true “Native Pacho” should write; they are promised

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Vor. IX.) _ SEPTEMBER, 1901. [No ios

THE

RCHID REVIE

oe «Bin 3llustrated Monthly Journal,

DEVOTED. 10 ORCHIDOLOG Y.

Contents. eee
PAGE PAGE S
ulbophyllum Micholitzii e272 Paphiopedilum x barbato-Chatles- Z
ialendar of Operations for or September 275 ~ worthii ay oe Ses yo
Cattleya x he ae : 20 206 Paphiopeditum > 4 x Kubele Bee U8 5
Correspondenc Boeke Paphiopedilum x Rapparti 272
‘ulture of Orchids in Leaf- Mould ee 208 pane a (majalis), attane of,
es Orchidia es at Bridge Hall (Fig. 3
ey OtiG. aoc tee sia ee | ae
TD. grandiflora (Fig. 37) -.- $3273 Odontoglossums, Hybrid
D. X kewensis (Fig. 38) ... e273 Orchid itis “
D. x langleyensis (Fig. 39) —--- 273 Mace at eo
D.-x Premier (Fig. 36)... --. -27 ids in
D. tripetaloides (Fig. 41)... — 375 Ryness ae vat. _guttata (Fig
D. x Veitchii (Fig. 40) 27 A2y 3. 3
Epidendrum oblongatum fo) eee
Gongora Charontis penis eg Bess 5 a ee “Manchester and North of England
Hybrid, Australian) ee Wyse \rchi ee
Hybridist aaa et ie - Royal Horticultural

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ADEGYT Cit S |
MANUAL OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANT

CULTIVATED U ER GLASS IN GREAT BRITA
)

ND
(Illustrated with Maps and numerous Engravings

J mae ork f all the most important species and varieties in cultivation, thet
Botanical ronal Date = Piste together with Cultural Notes, &c., &c.
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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

VGE.- TX] SEPTEMBER, 1901. [No. 105.

DIES ORCHIDIANI.

THE introduction of leaf-mould as a compost for Orchids would seem to
be an event of considerable importance, to judge from the account given at
page 250 of your last issue, and if all that is claimed for the new compost
proves true, I can quite understand the remark that Orchid culture will be
practically revolutionized. Perhaps one can hardly call it ‘‘ new,” for it
has been in use now for several years, and has been frequently recommended,
though a good many growers have hesitated to adopt it, or only tried a few
common things in it by way of experiment. A few growers, however, have
used it on a larger scale, and I have several times seen plants either potted
entirely or partly in it, which seemed as healthy and vigorous as could
possibly be wished, and it has been remarked that there are now many
thousands of Orchids in the country thriving splendidly in Belgian leaf-
mould (terre bruyére). May they continue to thriveso! It will at all events
be interesting to ‘ watch what developments follow when the more general
use of leaf-mould for Orchids has been widely advocated.”

podium fibre was strongly advocated as a
potting material for Orchids, and | believe it is still much used in scme
localities, though it has not been generally adopted as a substitute for peat,
as some sanguine people prophesied, but whether this arises from any
hey are not so generally accessible, is nct
Then I once saw the use of

Some time ago the use of poly

be mixed with sphagnum mos i
perfect drainage was secured, that
but did not turn sour, an

258 : THE ORCHID REVIEW.

grew freely. But I never heard any more about it. I remember, however,
that in this case the question of accessibility came in, for the willow
roots had to be cut regularly to prevent them from choking a small stream.

Not long ago also I remember someone pointing out that certain Orchids
for which yellow fibrous loam was supposed to be the correct thing would
grow equally well in black peat, andI think he asked, ‘‘ What, after all, is
the difference? One is yellow and the other black.” Indeed one is
almost inclined to ask, ‘‘ What’s in a compost ?”” and to wonder whether an
Orchid would not grow in any compost, provided that the treatment was
correct in every other respect.

But I believe that there is something in the question of compost, just as
there is something in the requirements of a plant, or in its likes and
dislikes, or the way in which it has adapted itself to the conditions under
which Nature has placed it until those conditions become essential almost
to its very existence—whichever way you may prefer to have so perfectly
obvious a fact stated. True, it is sometimes difficult to find out what are
the requirements of certain plants, because they seem to thrive under
apparently quite diverse conditions—and if so, so much the better for the
grower, unless he takes too great liberties with them, when he will soon find
out that they have requirements, which cannot be neglected with impunity.
But some Orchids are much more exacting, and the grower has sometimes
a great difficulty in finding out what their requirements are, and how to
supply them. And in the case of these exacting Orchids the difficulties,
sometimes, at all events, come under the heading of compost.

A compost usually serves two or three different purposes. First it forms
a kind of foot-hold for the plant—a medium to which it can anchor itself by
means of its roots—and it provides the great food supply of the plant. It
also serves by its texture and composition to regulate the amount of mois-
ture supplied to the roots. In the case of humus-loving plants—under
which heading the great majority of Orchids must be included—the
food supply is obtained from the gradual decay of the vegetable materials
in the compost. Should the decay be too slow, the food supply may be
deficient, but if too rapid it may be exhausted too soon, or part of it may
get down and choke the drainage, rendering the remainder water-logged and
sour, so that the roots of the Orchid may decay, and the plant suffer in
consequence. This latter seems to be the chief danger to be apprehended
from the use of leaf-mould, but if this material furnishes a ready source of
the necessary food supply, our growers will certainly be able to overcome
the mechanical difficulties involved, either by mixing it with some slowly

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 259

decaying fibre, or with some porous materials, as broken potsherds,
charcoal, &c.

Then again, it need not be anticipated that the new compost will prove
equally suitable for all kinds of Orchids. I think there is sometimes a
tendency to reduce Orchids too much to a dead level in the matter of com-
post, or at all events to treat certain kinds in away that they are not
accustomed to in a wild state. For most of the terrestrial Orchids which
we cultivate, a liberal admixture of leaf-mould in the compost should prove
just the right thing, also for many epiphytic kinds which grow upon
accumulations of decaying vegetation in the forks and on the branches of
trees, as many Odontoglossums ; but for those which produce a large num-
ber of aerial roots it may not prove so suitable. I think those who have
tried the new compost for some time should give us the benefit of their
experience.

Another little note on the incongruous in nomenclature has just reached
me :—‘‘ Of all the grotesque absurdities of nomenclature,” writes L. B. in
American Gardening for July 27th (vol. xxii., p. 520), ““commend me to
“Cattleya Mossie var. Shamrock II,’ which was lately given an Award of
Merit in London. One naturally looks for queer names in Orchids nowa-
days, but this is too unreasonable. Shamrock II, as applied to the new cup
challenging yacht, is good, very good, but transferred to a Cattleya is
meaningless and inappropriate.” I am no advocate of such names, and
should like to see all varietal names limited to a single word—which might
be descriptive of some peculiarity in the variety, or commemorative of its
introducer, or owner, or of the gardener in charge of the collection in
which it appeared—and although I do not consider the above pilloried
example worse that some others which have recently appeared, I wish it
could be agreed to rule such names out of court altogether. While they
continue to be recognized their number seems certain to increase, whether
meaningless and inappropriate or not.

Not long ago we had a discussion on the registration of varieties, and
the following has just caught my eye (Amer. Gard., vol. xxii., p- 536) :—

NEW PLANT REGISTERED.
By the Society of American Florists and Ornamental Horticulturists.

CATTLEYA Mossi@ var. EVELYN SLOANE.—Flower pure white, with
yellow blotch on lip, very faint flush of mauve colour on lower portion of
lip; bold flower, finely fringed ; originated at Wyndhurst, Lenox, Mass.
By Alfred J. Loveles, Lenox, Mass. W. J. Stewart, secretary.

260 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

This seems pretty concise and explicit, but I fancy that I have seen
this variety before. In any case I gather from arecent note (ante, p. 204) that
at least 157 varieties of C. Mossiz have already been named, and it would be
interesting to know what steps were taken to compare this addition to the
list with existing varieties before registering it as new. It illustrates one of
the difficulties which must crop up in connection with any effective regis-
tration scheme, which is the chief reason why I call attention to it. My
own impression is that there is not much room left for new varieties of
C. Mossie.

A correspondent, alluding to the recent dispute about Odontoglossum
crispum Triomphe de Rambouillet, suggests that I should obtain an
authentic flower of this variety and let us know exactly what it is like, not
from the painting, but from the living flower itself. It any reader possesses
a plant of this variety—the real Simon Pure—I shall be much obliged if he
will send me one of the next flowers it produces, and I will see what can
be done.

ARGUS.

HYBRID ODONTOGLOSSUMS.
(Continued from vol. viii., p. 301.)

THE Mexican natural hybrids of this genus form an interesting little group
which may now be considered, and, so far as I can make out, two distinct
combinations are known, namely, O. Rossii with O. maculatum, and O.
maculatum with O. apterum (nebulosum), with a third doubtful one between
O. Rossii and O. Cervantesii. One or two others have been suggested, but
I fail to recognize them.

ODONTOGLOssuM X HuMEANUM seems to have been the first of the
series which was recognized, being described as a new hybrid as early as
1876, when its history was thus given by Reichenbach :—‘‘ When I opened
the box containing the peduncle and a leaf of this plant lately, by candle-
light, I immediately was struck by the similarity of the flower to O.
cordatum, though lip and bracts were those of O. Rossii. Shortly after
came the letter of Mr. Harry Veitch explaining its history. This gentleman
was some days since visiting at Mr. Burnley Hume’s place, to see the
Orchids. There the novelty flowered. He writes thus :—‘ I could not help
thinking, from the formation of the sepals and the colouring, it must be a
natural cross with O. cordatum! Thus I begged the bloom and sent it to
you yesterday. It is a very curious plant at any rate, and the flowers differ
both in form and colouring from any Rossii I have ever seen.’ I was much
gratified to read Mr. Veitch had just my own feeling. . . . The flowers

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 261

are very nice, and come very near those of O. cordatum. The rhachis of
the inflorescence is very much thinner, only two-flowered, and the bracts
very short, one fourth the length of the stalked ovary, whitish green, not
yellowish straw-colour. Sepals shorter, straight or nearly so, yellow at
their ends, with cinnamon bars. Petals white, with a few (three) sepia-
brown blotches at their base. Lip white, without brown blotches, not
acuminate, with a yellow callus striped inside with red, and narrowed at its
apex, in the way of O. Rossii. The leaf shows the peculiar venation of
O. cordatum and maculatum.”

I have not seen a flower of Mr. Hume’s original plant, but I am
inclined to think that O. maculatum, not O. cordatum, was the second
parent. A plant considered to be the same, from the collection of John
Riley, Esq., Hapton House, Burnley, was afterwards figured in Reichenbachia,
when it was remarked :—‘‘O. X Humeanum is universally considered to be
a natural hybrid between O. Rossii and O. cordatum, but a comparison of
the shape and structure of the flowers leads us to think that there is less of
O. cordatum and more of O. maculatum in it, the characters of the latter
being also observable in habit of growth.” This remark would apply equally
well to all the forms which I have seen, and it may be added that the narrow,
acuminate, sepal-like petals of O. cordatum are notably different. Messrs.
Veitch, however, who reduce O. X Humeanum toa variety of O. Rossii, —
speak of it as of ‘‘ supposed hybrid origin, deriving its cordate lip and
cinnamon-red spots from O. cordatum,” adding, ‘“‘the O. x Humeanum of
some collections is not this, but a slight deviation from aspersum.”

O. X aspersum was described by Reichenbach in 1879, as follows :—
“No doubt this is a new hybrid, the third one (after Humeanum and
vexativum) in this affinity, standing between Odontoglossum maculatum
and Rossii. It has bulbs much like those of O. maculatum, but smaller,
while the flowers are thinner in texture and as large only as those of a small
QO. maculatum. The bracts are broadand short ; the sepals whitish yellow,
mottled inside with numerous brown blotches, and keeled on the back of
the middle vein. The petals are of the same colour, but much broader, and
with afew brown spots at the base. The lip is wholly whitish, and the
callus at the base yellow, with brown lines. The column is green at the
base, white above ; the border of the stigmatic hollow rose-coloured. The
short, broad bracts and the short sepals exclude the idea of O. cordatum
(so much resembling those of O. X Humeanum). The white lip and the
blotches of the sepals belong to O. Rossii. . . . For this very curious
novelty I have to thank Messrs. Veitch, who sent full materials.”

Odontoglossum xX Youngii was described, in 1889, by the late Mr.
Gower, and figured in the Orchid Album, as a new and distinct species from
the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., Linnet Lane, Liverpool. It was

262 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

imported by Messrs. Shuttleworth & Co., together with O. Rossii and O. x
aspersum. The author, though regarding it as a very distinct species,
added :—‘ Some who have seen the plant in flower ascribe a hybrid origin
to it, supposing it to have been derived from O. Rossii crossed with some
other species.” The figure shows a very remarkable flower, with short,
broad, much spotted segments, but curiously enough, when the plant
flowered again two years later, it had developed into the ordinary form of
O. X aspersum, showing that the first flowers were quite abnormal.

The foregoing seem to be forms of one variable hybrid, of which many
plants are now known, and the following are the references to figures and
descriptions :—

Odontoglossum X Humeanum, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1876, v., p- 170;
Reichenbachia, ser. 1ii., p.75, t. 82; Cogn. et Goossens Dict. des Orch., Od., t. 7.

O. Rossii var. Humeanum, Veitch Man. Orch., i, p. 65.

O. X aspersum, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1879, xi., 266; Orch. Album,
Vi, £245.

O. Rossii var. aspersum, Veitch Man. Orch. i, p. 65.

O. Youngii, Gower in Garden, xxxvil, p. 84; Orch. Album, ix., t. 406;
Rolfe in Gard. Chron., 1891, x., p. 670.

ODONTOGLOSSUM XX VEXATIVUM appeared in the same. year as the
preceding, and was described by Reichenbach, as follows :— ‘‘ This is most
probably a natural hybrid. When one sees the very large inflorescence,
with the spathaceous bracts and the wide flowers, broad horse-chestnut-
brown sepals and much broader blunt acute white petals, spotted with
certain nearly olive-green spots at the base, one thinks of Odontoglossum
nebulosum. The blade of the lip is also like it, being broad, semi-ovate,
blunt, acute, white, with a few olivaceous spots. The callus, however, 1s
that of Odontoglossum maculatum, its anterior process being long, narrow,
bidentate, with a blunt keel on its middle line, yellow, with small red
blotches. The side view of this callus is quite unlike that of Odontoglossum
nebulosum. The white column is clavate, wingless, as in both the species
mentioned, covered with a light tomentum. The plant itself is just inter-
mediate between the two species. The bulbs are pallid, as those of O. nebu-
losum usually are, yet not so much convex and narrower. The leaves
are more like those of O. nebulosum, wanting the interesting nervation
of those of Odontoglossum maculatum. It is one of the special curiosities
of Lord Londesborough’s garden. I had last spring a fresh spike through
Messrs. Veitch, and obtained in October last another fresh spike, and an old
dead bulb and leaf, through Mr. Denning’s kindness, at my second visit to
the wonderful collection at Coombe Lane, near Surbiton.”

In 1888 Reichenbach described Odontoglossaum maculatum Duvivieri-

*

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 263

anum as a new variety, remarking :—‘ This appeared among numerous
specimens of Odontoglossum maculatum. It has lemon coloured sepals
and petals, all spotted with brown, and a whitish-yellow lip, spotted with
some reddish-brown, which has a very light hue of sepia. The callus and
bracts, and shape of the lip, prove it to be O. maculatum, not O. cordatum,
though the sepals and petals are rather long. I hada fine infloresence, with
six quite fresh large flowers, kindly sent me by M. L. De Smet-Duvivier,
Mont St. Amand-les-Gand.” It was afterwards figured in Lindenia, as O.
Duvivierianum, with the remark that it appeared to be “‘a natural hybrid
between O. maculatum and O. nebulosum.” This remark is quite borne
out by the figure, and I therefore consider it a form of O. x vexabile. The
following are the references to descriptions and a figure :—

Odontoglossum X vexativum, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1876, vi., p. 808.

O. maculatum var. Duvivierianum, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1888, iv.,
Dp. 352.

O. X Duvivierianum, L. Lind. and Rod. in Lindenia, v., p. 55, t. 218.

ODONTOGLOssuM X WARNERIANUM dates from a still earlier period,
having been described by Reichenbach in 1864, though asa new species, and
although its hybrid origin was afterwards suspected, its parentage has been
a matter of uncertainty down to the present time. Its author originally
described it as a new species, from the collection of R. Warner, Esq., of
Chelmsford, allied to O. maxillare, Lindl.,with flowers as large as those of O.
nebulosum, Lindl., but shortly afterwards he remarked :—“ This pretty plant
might be called a connecting link between Odontoglossum nebulosum, Lind].
and O. Rossii, Lindl. It has the slender, narrow pseudobulbs of the last, and
the broad petals of the first.” Mr. Warner, in figuring it, added “ the plant is
supposed to be a native of Mexico, but nothing positive is known as to its
history or introduction. It flowered, first, we believe, in our collection
several years ago.” Mr. Bateman, who, of course, regarded it as a
species, of the affinity stated, was unable to add anything to the above
information except that it had ‘also flowered with the late Mr. Cauty, of
Liverpool, who kindly sent me the specimens from which the figure was
prepared, but these were smaller and less rich in their colouring than those
of Mr. Warner.” Lastly, Messrs. Veitch, who reduced it to a variety of O.
Rossii, remarked that it was ‘a very distinct form, probably of hybrid
origin.”

The plant is clearly allied to O. Rossii. though quite distinct, but I
cannot trace the resemblance to O. nebulosum. ‘That species has much
larger pseudobulbs, each bearing two much longer leaves, and the resem-
blances in the flower, with its curved claw to the lip, do not seem to be
more marked. There is a closer resemblance to O. Cervantesii, especially

264 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

in the small monophyllous pseudobulbs, and the colour of the flower with a
tew transverse bars at the base of the segments, though I do not trace the
linear-oblong bracts nor yet the rounded column wings of the latter, so that
the origin of the plant remains doubtful, and it may yet prove to be a local
form allied to O. Rossii. The following are thereferences to descriptions
and figures :—

Odontoglossum X Warnerianum, Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit., 1864, p. 297;
Gard. Chron., 1865, p. 579, with fig.; Warn Sel. Orch., ii.; t: 20; Batern.
Monogr. Odont., t. 13, fig. I.

O. Rossii var. Warnerianum, Veitch. Man. Orch., i., p. 65.

R. A. ROLFE.
(To be continued.)

GONGORA CHARONTIS.
Ir Is interesting to note the re-appearance in gardens of a long-lost species.
Gongora Charontis was originally described by Reichenbach in 1877, from
dried specimens which were collected in New Grenada by Gustav Wallis
(Linnea, xli., p. 110), and was introduced to cultivation some years later by
Mr. Bull, through his collector Mr. Shuttleworth, when Reichenbach again
noted it (Gard. Chron., 1877, vii., p. 684), as follows:—‘‘A strong, big,
rounded, shining bulb, with great leaves, and producing a hairy spike with
numerous gay flowers. Sepals and small petals yellow, spotted with brown.
Lip white, its apex and basilar wings rich yellowish, spotted with crimson,
as is the white column. The flowers are half the size of those of old G.
atropurpurea. It was discovered long since in New Grenada by Mr.
Gustav Wallis; it has, however, only reached Europe in a dried state, and
I had not the least idea of its gay appearance (gay, of course, for an old-
fashioned Orchidist who does not confine his love to flowers of one-third
of a foot in diameter, painted in white, scarlet, purple, or crimson). I saw
itin April at Mr. Buil’s nursery, where it had been sent by Mr. Shuttle-
worth from New Grenada.” In the technical description it was noted as
allied to G. scaphephorus, Rchb. f. and Warsc., but the flowers smaller and
the hypochil of the lip aristate. Until now I have only known the species
by description, but a Colombian species which has just flowered with Mr.
F. W. Moore, at the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, agrees so well that
I believe it represents the lost plant, especially as it is the only species of
this section of the genus which I had not previously seen. The hairy scape
would be anomalous in the genus, but the puberulous appearance seems to
me due to innumerable crystal-like bodies in the epidermis of the scape. |
have only seen the scape, which has been sent to Kew for determination.
R. A. RoiFe.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 265

CULTURE OF LALIA GRANDIFLORA (MAJALIS) AT
BRIDGE HALL.
WE recently gave some particulars respecting this beautiful species and
its variety alba (p. 202), and now we have received two beautiful photographs,
showing the typical form, as grown in the collection of O. O.Wrigley, Esq.,

La&LIA GRANDIFLORA.

ve)

ioe)

Fic

Bridge Hall, Bury, by Mr. Rogers, together with the following cultural
oD eo a > > a fe}

note. One photograph shows a single plant, bearing four fine flowers, the

other a small group, which latter we have much pleasure in reproducing, as it
shows the great beauty of the species when successfully grown. The photo-
graph, we believe, furnishes another example of Miss Wrigley’s skill with the
0th

camera, and the cultural particulars have been given by Mr. Rogers,

266 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

of whom must be congratulated on their success. Mr. Wrigley writes :—
** 4 dozen plants were purchased in March, 1900, from Messrs. F. Sander
& Co., and out of these only one flowered during the following summer.
The same plant has bloomed again this year, and was in flower on August
2nd. During the course of the present summer seven other plants have
bloomed, two of the plants carrying four flowers each, the total number of
blooms this summer being. fifteen. The cultural treatment was as follows :—
When the plants were received they were placed in shallow pans of suitable
size, and these pans were filled three parts full with clean crocks, and the
plants wedged in with a little fibrous peat and sphagnum moss. The plants
were then hung in an Intermediate House until the growths were three-
fourths made, which was some time in July. The plants were then removed
into a cooler house, where they got all the sun and air possible. After August
the plants were allowed no water, until they again commenced to grow,
about the following April, when they were watered freely during the whole
of the growing season. The houses in which the plants have been grown
and rested face south-west, and the temperature during the resting period
ranged from 40° at night to 50° in the day.”
CATTLEYA x WILSONIANA.

THIs is one of three or four curious natural hybrids which were described
some years ago by Reichenbach and then appear to have been quickly lost
sight of. It was described in 1877 (Gard. Chron., EQ77, Villg p72) aS
follows :—

“ CATTLEYA WILSONIANA, #. sp. (1. hybr. ?).—This elegant Cattleya has
flowered twice in the garden of Mr. John H. Wilson, Liverpool. It has
been discovered by Mr. E. Dukinfield Jones, who gathered it in company
with the old C. bicolor, Lindl. There is not much doubt left that it ought
to be regarded as a natural hybrid between this and perhaps C. intermedia,
Grah., since neither the colour nor the asperities of the lip remind me of C.
guttata, Lindl., whose growth it nearly has. The best shoot is more than
one foot high, according toa sketch sent by its discoverer. No doubt there
was a spathe, but I did not obtain one. The flower is equal to that of a
well developed C. bicolor. The sepals and petals are of a beautiful deep
purple ; the lip white, with a yellow blotch at the base, a violet disc in
front, and violet angular side lacinie. The anterior lamina, excepting its
white claw, is of a very rich, beautiful, purplish hue. The column is of a
light whitish purple. It is named in memory of Mr. John H. Wilson, at
the wish of the discoverer, Mr. Dukinfield Jones.”

It seems quite probable from what is known of the distribution of C.
bicolor and C. intermedia that they grow together, either in the province of

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 267

Rio de Janeiro or Minas Geraes, where both species are found, but a hybrid
between them would scarcely have deep purple sepals and petals, and I am
inclined to suspect that C. Harrisoniana was the second parent. We have
evidence that it grows with C. intermedia and C. Forbesii, so that there
does not appear to be any geographical difficulty. In a short Latin descrip-
tion it is added that the petals are much broader than the sepals, and this
again is not suggestive of the narrow-petaled C. intermedia. Hybrids of
C. bicolor usually have small side-lobes, much shorter than the column, but
there is no allusion to this point in the description, unless the remark that
they are triangular bears this interpretation. There seems, however, no
reason to doubt that C. bicolor was one parent. It would be interesting to
know if the original plant is still in existence, or any drawing of it. I have
not yet succeeded in matching anything with the description, which
suggests that the hybrid must be very rare in a wild state.

There is a second natural hybrid which should be compared with the
preceding were the necessary materials available, namely Cattleya X
sororia, which appeared about ten years later, and was described by
Reichenbach as follows (Gard. Chron., 1887, i., p. 40) :—

“ CATTLEYA X SORORIA, lybr.—This was kindly sent me by Mr. B. S.
Williams, who informs me it was introduced from Brazil, and that it has
the growth of Cattleya bicolor. I hope to be forgiven for my keenness in
declaring it a hybrid, which, indeed, is a guess. The flower looks like a
good extra-strong flower of Cattleya Harrisoniz, and has greenish-yellow
tips to the sepals. There are small, very much darker spots on the petals,
more numerous inside than outside. The lip suggests undoubtedly the
impression of that of Cattleya Walkeriana. The side laciniz are cut in a
similar manner, and do not fully cover the rather broad column. They
project into a short stalk, narrow in front, and the anterior lacinia is
triangular, retuse, emarginate (or trapezoid), with small lobules at the sides.
It is white, with the lightest purple at the margin, and a few dark purple
lines at the base; there are also some purple spots on the stalk. There is
an accumulation of asperities on the disc of the anterior lacinia, which
reminds one of Cattleya guttata. Column strong, white, with some purple
lines in front and some yellow at the base. I cannot help thinking of
Cattleya Walkeriana, from the appearance of the lip and then of Cattleva
guttata. Mr. B. S. Williams has sent me several times fine varieties of the
first species, so that he has command of a hunting ground whence to obtain
it. It is none of those numerous novelties raised at the Royal Exotic
Nursery of Messrs. Veitch & Sons, by Messrs. Dominy and Seden. Only
Cattleya X Brabantize is comparable to it in its lip.”

Soon afterwards it was figured in the Orchid Album (vol. vii., t. 307) the
authors remarking :—

268 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

“It was imported by us from Brazil with other Cattleyas of similar
growth, such as C. bicolor, C. velutina, &c., &c. It appears to be a rare
plant, as the specimen here figured is the only one we have seen, and which
flowered in the Victoria and Paradise Nurseries in the month of July
of last year, and again in the early part of the present year, upon
which occasion it was named by Professor Reichenbach and described
in the Gardeners’ Chronicle. In all probability there will be many
new forms found in the locality whence C. sororia was obtained, as
several species are found in the same district, thus affording an opportunity
for various members of the insect world to cross-fertilize them, and thus
originate new varieties.”

On making a careful comparison with the help of a flower from the
Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., I have come to the conclusion that
the parents were C. bicolor and C. Harrisoniana. The colour of the flower
closely approaches the latter, and the shape is just what would be expected
from such a combination, including the small sidelobes, which show the result
of a compromise—these organs being totally wanting in C. bicolor. It is
this character which gives the resemblance to C. Walkeriana, but other
characters are so different that the suggestion of its origin from the inter-
crossing of the latter species must be given up. The reference to the
occurrence of C. velutina in the same batch fixes the habitat as the Province
of Rio de Janeiro, and the chief remaining doubt is whether C. x Wilson-
iana was also derived from the same parentage. I think this is probable,
for the differences mentioned are slight, and hybrids are notoriously
variable. 1 hope the doubtful point may soon be cleared up.

ROA. K.

CULTURE OF ORCHIDS IN LEAF-MOULD.

THE note respecting the cultivation of Orchids in leaf-mould given at page
250 seems to have awakened a good deal of interest, and one correspondent
requests us to give further details of the method of treatment, particularly
with respect to the preparation of the leaf-mould, what tree leaves to use,
whether it should be chopped or broken up, and whether to use it alone or
mixed with either peat or sphagnum—in short what are the peculiarities of
the treatment as compared with what has come to be regarded as the usual
treatment. :

We should be glad if Messrs. Charlesworth would furnish us with a few
details on the subject; meantime we give a few notes of what has already
been published, which may come in useful to those who desire to collect the
necessary leaves for experiment during the coming autumn.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. | 269

Leaf-mould varies considerably in its properties according to the kind of
leaves of which it is composed. Soft leaves, as those of the sycamore or
horse-chestnut, are not suitable, as they decay too quickly, and the
Belgian leaf-mould (terre bruyére) which is used so successfully for the
culture of many plants is largely composed of hard leaves, which decay
rather slowly. Mr. A. H. Prehn, in an article on ‘Orchid culture in
Belgium ” gives the following as recommended by some Belgian growers.
The soil, which should be thoroughly decomposed, should consist of thirty
per cent. of oak leaves, fifteen of red beach, fifteen of alder, fifteen of ash,
fifteen of red beech, and ten of coarse white sand. The exact proportion
of each of these elements to be applied to one or the other kind of
epiphytal Orchids cannot be indicated with precision, but has to be found
out by experience. The essential point in this method of culture is to
place the plants as far as possible under circumstances which answer best
to the natural conditions under which they are found ina wild state, and to
water very carefully, avoiding every excess, as this compost is more retentive
of moisture than the usual one of fibrous peat. As to the method of procedure,
he remarks that sufficient drainage is placed in the pot, and the plant is fixed
upon the soil, which is slightly elevated to form asmall hill in the pot.
The surface is then covered with a layer of living sphagnum. The neces-
sary degree of moisture to retain the sphagnum always fresh is assured by
syringing.—Orch. Rev., viii., p. 78.

M. Duval et fils, of Versailles, also use a compost consisting largely of
leaf-mould, and with great success, several houses being devoted entirely to
Orchids, and M. Beuchel, chef de culture of the establishment has
communicated’ to Die Gartenwelt particulars of the treatment.

The compost used is a fibrous forest soil, consisting chiefly of half-
decomposed leaves, and it is used just as it arrives, without intermixture
with sand or any analagous substances. It is best to reject the fine earth
which falls out when the large pieces are broken up, for otherwise the
compost is not open enough, and therefore remains wet for too long a
period, and thus causes the roots to perish. It is used both for established
plants and for newly imported ones, and in much the same way as
polypodium fibre.

It may also be used for seed pans, but in this case the leaves should be
cut a little, and a little chopped sphagnum should be mixed with the soil,
to prevent it from being carried away by the watering, and, as it is indispens-
able that the plants should be elevated above the edges of the pots, it
should be surfaced with a thin layer of clean sphagnum, and in order that
this sphagnum may hold well in its place it should be cut rather short, and
moistened before putting it on.

After repotting, it isa good plan to syringe the plants several times

270 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

daily during fine weather, so as to keep the sphagnum moderately wet, and
this accelerates root growth. When the young roots begin to bury them-
selves in the soil one can begin to water, at first moderately, increasing the
amount in proportion as the roots develop. Provided that one works with
some precaution, the plants push forward. well and vigorously. There is
no need of manure, for the soil contains in itself many more nutritive
substances than does polypodium fibre.

It is necessary to carefully observe the time of rest, and particularly to
see that the bulbs ripen and harden well, for these acquire, in this soil, a
greater fleshiness than in polypodium and sphagnum. To secure this result
it is necessary to give the plants plenty of air and sun after completion of
the bulbs, and only sufficient water to prevent the leaves and bulbs from
shrivelling.

Vandas, Aérides, and Angreecums prosper greatly in this soil; neverthe-
less, M. Beuchel does not advise this method of culture for these three
genera, as they produce a vigorous vegetation, but far fewer flowers.

All gardeners have not at their disposal a soil similar to the one men-
tioned, but it can be easily replaced by a fibrous heather earth mixed with
half-decomposed leaves.

It is added that many of the plants thus cultivated were in a state of
remarkable prosperity, particularly Cattleyas, Phaiuses, Cypripediums,
Oncidiums, especially the Mexican ones, Lelia purpurata (superb), and
many species of Dendrobium.

AN AUSTRALIAN HYBRID. ’

It is interesting to hear from the Gardeners’ Chronicle of July 13th of an
Australian hybrid Orchid. It is described and figured as Cymbidium
Lowianum X eburneum (1901, xxx., p. 25, fig. 10), as follows :—‘‘ Although
crosses have long been known in Europe between C. Lowianum and C.
eburneum, in which both have figured as the seed-bearing parent, the one
which we illustrate . . . . isthe first, so far as our knowledge goes,
of a cross raised and flowered in Australia. According to information kindly
furnished by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, the seed of artificially
fertilized flowers was sown by Mr. Godwin, gardener to John Hay, Esq., of
the Crow’s Nest, North Sydney, in the month of July, 1896; and a plant
of this sowing flowered in April of last year. As Mr. Sander remarks, ‘ it
is evident that the climate of Australia is favourable to the raising of
Orchids ; and, in fact, in this particular instance, a record is established in
rapid growth.’ The flowers measured 54 inches across, which is quite equal
to the standard size.”

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 271

THE HYBRIDIST.
PAPHIOPEDILUM X KUBELE.
IN an account of the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park,
Liverpool, given in these pages about two years ago, we alluded to some
seedlings between Paphiopedilum x cenanthum and P. x Youngianum as a
hybrid ‘‘ which should be interesting, because containing five species
in its ancestry.” Two of the plants have now flowered, and prove as
beautiful as they are interesting, examples of both having been sent by
Mr. Young, who thus gives the history of the hybrid :—P. x cenanthum
superbum ¢ x P. xX Youngianum ¢; crossed 8th August, 1894; seed
sown 13th June, 1895; seedlings discovered 20th August, 1895; flowered
for the first time July, rgor. Its ancestry is shown in the following table,
the fractions in the left hand column showing the proportions in which the
original species are represented in the hybrid) :—
(%) villosum 9 \
(%) barbatum 3
(4) insigne Maulei 3 ... i
(4) philippinense Roebelenii ?
(4) superbiens ¢ sul ay

x Harrisianum 2
X cenanthum superbum 2
5 x Kubele.

x Youngianum &

The result of such a combination could hardly have been foreseen, but it
may be remarked that, in general appearance, the hybrid most resembles
P. X Youngianum, though with the addition of a number of more or less
confluent spots derived from P. X cenanthum. The leaves are green, with
only an obscure trace of tessellation, rather broad, and the scape at present
is two-flowered, the whole habit being strong and vigorous. The dorsal
sepal is broadly ovate, nearly 2} inches long, and the ground colour palest
yellow, becoming white at the apex, irregularly veined with rows of more
or less confluent spots to beyond the middle. The petals are 34 inches
long, broadened to beyond the middle and narrowed at the apex, strongly
ciliate, and the colour light purple, somewhat paler in the centre, and
spotted with darker purple near the base. The lip is two inches long,
rather broad, and the colour greenish, more or less suffused and marbled
with light brown. The second seedling is markedly different, in having
shorter, broader petals, more spotted at the base; the dorsal sepal much
more strongly marbled, after the fashion of P. x cenanthum; and the lip
darker. It is finer and richer in colour generally, and may be called
P. X Kubele grandis. Mr. Young, and his gardener, Mr. Poyntz, must
be congratulated on their success. Kubele, it may be added, is the name
of a Greek goddess.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X BARBATO-CHARLESWORTHII.—It is interesting to
note that this pretty little hybrid has again been raised. A flower of a

292 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

seedling plant has been sent by Mrs. Holland, Wonham, Bampton,
Devonshire, which was raised from P. barbatum superbum and P.
Charlesworthii, and, as in the preceding case (Orch. Rev., vii. p. 48, viil.
p- 62), the shape and colour of the dorsal sepal, the short petals, and the
whitish staminode, all show strongly the influence of P. Charlesworthii.
It will be a charming little hybrid when fully developed.

PAPHIOPEDILUM X RAPPARTII.—A very pretty hybrid of Paphiopedilum
Charlesworthii has just flowered in the collection of D. B. Rappart, Esq.,
Mere Bank, Liscard, Cheshire (gr. Mr. Nicholson). The seed parent was
P. xX Lathamianum, and the novelty shows very plainly its descent. The
dorsal sepal’is roundish-ovate, slightly concave, two inches broad, rose-
purple at the base and: along the median nerve, becoming paler towards
the margin and apex, the latter being nearly white. The petals are broadly
oblong, nearly horizontal, 2} inches long by one inch broad, and the colour
light reddish purple with darker nerves. The lip is rather shorter than the
petals and lighter in colour, while the staminode is broad, flat, and almost
porcelain white. Thus the shape and colour of P. Charlesworthii are
strongly stamped on the hybrid, while the substance, the darker median
nerve of the dorsal sepal and petals, and the glossy surface of the flower
generally, are characters derived from the seed-parent. It is the first novelty
which Mr. Rappart has raised, and a most promising one, being bold in
shape and the substance and colour very good, and as the plant is still weak
it is sure to improve. It is dedicated to Mr. Rappart, with the hope that he
may soon have further successes to record.

BULBOPHYLLUM MICHOLITZII.
THIs Is a remarkable species allied to the New Guinea Bulbophyllum grandi-
florum, Blume (Bot. Mag., t. 7787), which has flowered for three successive
years with Mr. F. W. Moore at Glasnevin, and remains constant in char-
acter. The flowers are much smaller than the species just named, and
light green in colour, with a slight brownish tinge and some whitish spots
on the lower half of the dersal sepal. The latter organ measures 4 inches
long by { inch broad, and the lateral sepals 3 inches long by } inch broad.
The minute triangular petals are acute and light green in colour, while the
recurved lip is marked with dull purple on the front and sides, and is ciliate
at the margin. The foot of the column is densely dotted all over with light
purple-brown. The two other allied species are B. Cominsii, Rolfe, from
the Solomon Islands, and B. longisepalum, Rolfe, (B. grandiflorum, Rchb.
in Lindenia, iii., t. 108, not of Blume) from New Guinea, which four
together form a very remarkable section of the genus.
R. A. KOLFe.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 273
HYBRID DISAS.

THE hybrid Disas which have appeared in gardens during the past few

years form, together with their parents, a very charming little group of

summer-flowering plants, though they do not yet seem to be as widely

cultivated as their merits deserve. Thehybrids at present known are the

result of intercrossing the three original species, D. grandiflora (fig. 37),

Fic. 36. DisA X PREMIER. Fic. 38. D. X KEWENSIS.
Fic. 37. D. GRANDIFLORA.
Fic. 39. D. X LANGLEYENSIS. Fic. 41. D. TRIPETALOIDES.

1c. 40. D. X VEITCHII.

D. racemosa, and D. tripetaloides (fig. 41). D. racemosa was not available
when the annexed photograph was taken.

D. x VeitTcut (fig. 40) was the first of the series, and was raised in
the establishment of Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, from D. racemosa ?

214 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

and D. grandiflora 3. It flowered for the first time in June, 1891, only
twenty-one months after the seeds were sown, and received a First-class
Certificate from the R. H. S. It most resembles the seed-parent, | both in
shape and colour.

D. X KEWENSIS (fig. By was raised at Kew, by Mr. Watson, frost
D. grandiflora ¢ and D. tripetaloides ¢, and first flowered in May, 1893,
only eighteen months after the seed was sown. The flowers most resemble
those of the pollen parent in shape, and the colour is rose-pink, with a
paler dorsal sepal, which is prettily spotted inside with rose- -purple.

D. X LANGLEYENSIS (fig. 39) was raised both by Messrs. James Veitch &
Sons and at Kew, at about the same time in both establishments, from D.
racemosa ? and D. tripetaloides 3, and also from the reverse cross. It
flowered for the first time in May, 1894, and received an Award of Merit from
the R. H.S. The flowers are fairly intermediate in shape, and light rose-
purple in colour, with a slight trace of spotting in some of the lighter forms.

D. X PREMIER (fig. 36) is a secondary hybrid which was raised at Kew
from D. tripetaloides ¢ and D. x Veitchii 3, and flowered for the first
time in October, 1893, when it received a First-class Certificate from the
R. H.S. The flowers are larger than those of D. racemosa, and rich rose-
purple in colour.

There are two or three other secondary hybrids in the genus. D. X
Diores (D. X Veitchii @ x D. grandiflora 3), and D. x Clio (D. grandi-
flora @ X D. x Veitchii 3) were both raised by Messrs. James Veitch &
Sons, and the latter received an Award of Merit from the R. H.S. in
August, 1898, and a First-class Certificate in July, 1899. It will be noted
that the latter has the reversed parentage of the other, and is now con-
sidered a variety of it. D. x Watsoni (D. x kewensis @ x D. grandiflora
2) was raised at Kew, where it flowered about a year ago, and is much like
an enlarged and improved form of D. x kewensis, hence it has also been
called D. X kewensis superba, though of different parentage. Of the remain-
ing one, raised in the collection of H. J. Elwes, Esq., it is a little doubtful
whether the parentage was D. racemosa ¢ X D. X Veitchii ¢ or D. X
kewensis 2 X D. X Veitchii g (Orch. Rev., vii., p. 226).

These together form a very beautiful little group, but it will be observed
that most of the possible combinations have already been effected, and it
would be interesting to try the effect of introducing a little fresh blood, as
several other species are occasionally met with in cultivation, and it would
probably be possible to unite some of them with the preceding by hybridisa-
tion if a few experiments were made.

The cultural requirements of these plants are not difficult to supply.
After flowering, a short period of rest should be allowed, but even during
this period enough water should be given to Bee them plump and healthy

FHE ORCHID REVIEW. 275

After this they will begin to grow, and the end-of September or beginning
of October is a good time to repot those that reqpire it. Ordinary pots or
pans should be used, which should be well-drained, as these plants require
plenty of moisture throughout the growing season. A compost of rough
peat, with a little well-decayed cow-manure, and a little silver sand, or
broken crocks, or charcoal, forms an excellent potting material. Care should
be taken to injure the roots as little as possible, and the crown of the plant
should be elevated slightly above the rim of the pot. After potting, the
compost may be surfaced with a little living sphagnum, and a watering of
tepid water should be given to settle the whole, after which they should be
removed to their winter quarters, a position near the glass in a Cool house
beingthe most suitable. These plants grow steadily during the winter, and
should always be kept moist. Coolness and moisture are essential to their
well-being, and care should be taken to keep their growth as sturdy
as possible, for weakly, drawn-up plants are never satisfactory. Early in the —
spring, as soon as danger from frost is over, they are best removed to a cool
frame in a north or shady situation, where they should remain until they
flower. As the spikes appear, a little weak guano-water or other liquid
manure may be given with advantage. The syringe should be used daily
when the plants are in active growth, and green fly and thrip must be kept
down at all cost, as these insects are very injurious to them. They like a
moist, airy situation, and even during the coldest weather the air in the
house should be changed every day if possible. These plants are so
beautiful when successfully grown that they repay any trouble which is
taken to meet their requirements. D. grandiflora is often considered an
intractable subject, for in some localities-it refuses to thrive, while in others
it grows almost like a weed. In cases of non-success it is certain that
there is something wrong with the treatment, but a few judicious experi-
ments will often lead to an improvement, if the essential conditions ar
steadily borne in mind.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR SEPTEMBER.

By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.
THE temperature should now be reduced in all departments by a few
degrees, proportionate to that of the prevailing condition of the weather
outside. Shade only during the hottest part of the day, and then no longer
than absolutely necessary to prevent burning or scalding of the foliage.
Ventilate as liberally as the occasion will admit, for light and air at this
season are most important factors in ripening the newly-formed pseudobulbs.
Damp down now rather less frequently than hitherto, but at the same time
do not allow the temperature to become over-dry.

276 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Still keep the Cool House as low as possible, both night and day. The
dewy night air let in to the plants will do them an enormous amount of
good. Here also reduce the shading considerably, but continue to damp
down copiously ; at the same time avoid getting the compost too heavily
charged with water.

In all other departments it has again become advisable to have a little
fire heat at times, principally during the late night and early morning hours.
I therefore advise, in order that the ripening process may proceed uninter-
ruptedly, that a little warmth be now kept in the pipes each night, even
though it may be only for a few hours, and in sunless, chilly weather during
the day also.

We have now practically passed the dullest season for flowering Orchids,
and their numbers will now gradually increase until November is reached,
when we are assured of a grand display. Cypripedium Charlesworthii is
now making a good show. It is a small and rather slow growing species,
but on the other hand is very free blooming, numbers of its pretty, more or
less pink and white dorsal-sepaled flowers are now to be seen. I find it
does best with me in a moist and shady position in the Intermediate depart-
ment. It will withstand the Cool house treatment, but does not grow
nearly so well. It is especially fond of moisture, and should be kept well
syringed during the growing season. Particular care is necessary when
cleaning or repotting this species, as the leaves on being raised are apt to
snap partly asunder near the base, and, of course, eventually die off. After
blooming, the plants will remain comparatively inactive during the winter
months, but should never be allowed to get very dry. Repot in early spring
in the usual compost recommended for the genus, broken in small pieces
and thoroughly well mixed up together. The system of placing ina lump
of peat and sphagnum moss alternately is bad for all Orchids, and decidedly
so for Cypripediums. C. insigne and its varieties are now pushing up spikes,
and these I always find bloom much more satisfactorily when somewhat
pot-bound, and when this is so a watering or two of cow or sheep manure
will assist them greatly.

Vanda ccerulea is another species just now in its beauty. The
Intermediate or Cattleya House seems to answer the requirements of this
species better than any other, where, under exactly similar conditions
to those given to Cattleyas, it usually thrives well. Unfortunately it has
the reputation of deteriorating, a reputation which in most gardens is too
true. I have seen it, however, last in a vigorous and healthy looking
condition for a period of many years. Rational treatment, such as plenty
of moisture when in full growth, a moderate supply when at rest, sufficient
light, shade, and a well ventilated atmosphere—just that which grows any
other plant well—is the only safe method of ensuring a long life to this

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3 277

one. I have before now tried some especially careful treatment for it,
but it has invariably gone off the quicker for my pains.

Two pretty little Oncidiums are now in bloom, namely O. ornitho-
rhynchum and O. incurvum. They both grow fairly well in the Coolest
house, but the Intermediate one is really the best for them. They enjoy
a lengthy period of rest when blooming is past. Such Oncidiums as O.
Forbesii, O. crispum, and O. varicosum, which have completed their new
pseudobulbs and are sending up flower spikes, do well if now moved from
their shady summer-growing quarters and placed in a house similar to that
where Dendrobes, &c., are resting. They then get much light and air, which
of course ripens the somewhat sappy new growth, and this takes place
withcut interfering in the least with the growth of the flower spikes, in fact,
the latter come more sturdy and strong in consequence. It is impossible
to give these Oncidiums the necessary amount of resting or ripening if the
process is left over until their blooming season is past, because that time
is frequently as late as November, and by then, of course, it is too late.

Habenaria carnea and H. militaris, two pretty little terrestrial growing
species, are very conspicuous now, and are well worth growing; after
blooming is over yery little water is required, as they are deciduous. They
should be given a winter position on a shelf, or some such place, in a warm
or intermediate temperature, and watered at long intervals and with extreme
care when at rest throughout the winter, or the tubers will decay. A
number of tubers in one large pot give not nearly so much satisfaction as
when grown singly, or from one to three, in small but rather deep pots,
The compost should consist of peat crumbled up small, with a liberal
addition of sharp sand and finely broken crocks well mixed up together.
Two or three small crocks for drainage is sufficient, as the tubers grow to a
great length. Early in March signs of renewed growth will appear from
the apex, when they should be repotted.

Dendrobium formosum, D. Phalenopsis, and allied autumn-blooming
kinds, are now fast approaching completion of growth, and sending up their
bloom spikes. They are well known heat-loving kinds, and must have the
warmth of the East Indian house to be well grown. They, will still require
liberal waterings at the root, and in another month or so will repay all the
trouble bestowed by a grand display of flowers. It is not absolutely
impossible to grow these heat-loving kinds in intermediate temperature, as
also D. Johnsoniz and D. atroviolaceum, but they do not grow so freely nor
make such long pseudobulbs, though what they do make are perfectly
sound and vigorous. In fact what I have seen so grown are perfectly free
from all kinds of spot and disease, and have the appearance of lasting and
continuing to grow, if more slowly, which is not always the case with them
when grown in great heat, and this makes me come to the conclusion that

shad THE. ORCHID REVIEW.

even our hottest known Orchids can be overdone with heat when under
artificial conditions, and causes me to counsel moderation.

The long-bulbed section of Cattleyas, such as C. granulosa with its
variety Schofieldiana, and others of the guttata family, are invaluable kinds
for blooming during the present month. Their culture is quite identical
with that of other inmates of the Cattleya house. After blooming they
should be allowed to gradually lapse into a resting condition, during which
time they will continue to make new roots freely. They should be repotted
in early spring, just as the new growths commence to push forth. To
disturb a plant with such enormous pseudobulbs at this late season for
purposes. of repotting usually ends in a collapse, from which it is very
slow to recover, because the winter closes in, naturally stopping growth
action, and the plant consequently goes from bad to worse until the spring
of the year, when it has gone past recovery.

Miltonia spectabilis and M. s. Moreliana are also good kinds for the
present month. They delight to be cultivated in baskets or shallow pans,
and suspended in considerable warmth, the East Indian house usually
proving better for them than the Intermediate one. Fibrous peat with only
a surface of sphagnum moss seems to suit them best as a compost. I have
seen splendid examples grown on blocks of wood, suspended flatwise, or
tree fern stems, and can strongly recommend their culture in that way, but
still I think as a lasting quality the basket system is the best.

The whole of the Dendrobium Wardianum, D. crassinode, D. nobile,
and others of the same class, should now be sufficiently advanced to remove
to the resting department. The pretty white D. Dearei, D. Harveyanum,
and D. Brymerianum are different from most others, and prefer to be grown
standing down on the moist stage the whole season round in the Warm
house. They require less water during the winter, but from my experience
they do not seem to require a dust-dry rest like many others.

Vandas, Saccolabiums, Aérides, Angraecums, Phalzenopses, and Bolleas
will now require slightly less water, both atmospherically and at the root.
Air as freely this month as is deemed safe, so as to consolidate the new
foliage, thus preventing possible attacks of fungoid spots appearing later
on. Avoid, however, anything in the shape of extremes, both as regard
direct sunlight and sagen for these plants, or an unnecessary loss of
foliage may occur.

Pleiones, having been grown in a sunny position and kept well watered,
will now fast lose their foliage and push up flowers. Give a good watering
a week or so prior to the flowers opening. This should suffice until the
blooms have faded, if kept shady and cool. If too wet at the root when in
bloom the flowers are short lived. :

—

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 279

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

+ ] 1

SIx beautiful forms of Od g purp re sent from the
collection of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno, and are note-
worthy examples of good culture. One of them is taken. from a spike
4 feet 53 inches long, which bears six branches and an aggregate of 38
flowers, and another from a plant bearing four spikes on two bulbs, with
an aggregate of 112 flowers, or an average of 28 on each spike—a result
on which Mr. Broome’s clever gardener, Mr. Axtell, deserves to be
congratulated. The others are fine examples of the species, differing
somewhat in the details of the flower, with its colour and markings. . Two
-good forms of O. X cristatellum are also sent, one much darker than 'the
other. Mr. Broome remarks that these plants have been grown in a very
cool house.

Cattleyas and Lelias are also splendidly grown in this collection, as is
shown by a magnificent flower of C. superba splendens, and a very finely-
developed Lzelio-cattleya x Andreana. There are also flowers of C.
Leopoldi and Lelio-cattleya x elegans, one of the latter being very richly
coloured, and the other exceptionally large, as the petals are slightly over
four inches long, with the other parts proportionately well developed.
The other plants sent are a spray of the pretty Oncidium luridum
guttatum, and a flower of the rare Odontoglossum purum.

A very fine form of Cattleya Leopoldi is sent by the Brighton and
South Coast Horticultural Company, Exotic Nursery, Worthing. This
species is a very useful summer-blooming kind, as when well grown. it
produces large trusses of its handsomely spotted flowers, which are
exceedingly effective.

A pretty form of Lelio-cattleya x elegans is sent from the collection
of John W. Arkle, Esq., Holly Mount, West Derby, Liverpool. It is
from a small imported plant, purchased three years ago, and now flowering
for the first time.

A flower of a finely shaped, well-blotched form of Odontoglossum x
Denisone is sent from the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart.,
Burford, Dorking, by Mr. White. The ground colour is white, and thus it
looks at first very different from the forms with a yellow ground. It was
purchased in flower in 1883, at a sale by Messrs. Protheroe & Morris, asa
distinct species. F

Thunia alba has of late years been superseded in cultivation by the
more handsome T. Marshalliana, but a good example of the former, having
the lip prettily pencilled with lilac, has been sent from the collection of
Wm. Bazeley, Esq., Twyford, Berks.

280 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

EPIDENDRUM OBLONGATUM.

A VERY pretty Epidendrum has flowered two or three times in the collection
of the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.p., also a plant presented by
him to Kew has now flowered in that establishment, and these, I believe,
belong to the above imperfectly known species. E. oblongatum is a Cuban
species, which was described and figured by A. Richard, in 1853, from dried
specimens (F/. Cub. iii., p. 239, t. 80). The author remarked that it was
very nearly allied to E. phceniceum, Lindl., except that the front lobe of
the lip was considerably smaller. In 1848 a West Indian plant which
flowered in the establishment of M. L. Van Houtte, at Ghent, was figured
and described by Lemaire as E. phceniceum var. vanillosmum (FI. des Ser.,
t. 306), which seems to have the same essential character. Lindley, in his
Folia Orchidacea, adopted Lemaire’s variety, but reduced E. Grahami,
Hook. (Bot. Mag., t. 5885), a Mexican species which has been described in
1842, to a synonym of it. A. Richard’s name was presumably not published
in time for inclusion in the Folia, for it is not mentioned there, and both
bear the date 1853 on the title-page. The Mexican plant, however, seems to
represent a distinct species, and has rather long sepals and petals, suffused
with dusky brown at the apex, a white lip veined with rose, and various
technical differences. E. phceniceum is a well-known Cuban species,
having vinous-purple sepals and petals, and the front lobe of the lip very
large, undulate, and bright purple, with some darker veins on the disc. The
remaining species, E. oblongatum, A. Rich., which, I believe, must include
E. pheeniceum, var. vanillosmum, Lemaire, has the front lobe of the lip
much smaller, and the words, “brunneo-vinosis,” used by A. Richard to
describe the colour of the sepals and petals, are applicable to Lemaire’s
figure. The colour of the lip is not described by the former, but the figure
shows it as white with some deep purple stripes on the disc. The Kew
plant has the sepals and petals suffused with reddish brown on a yellow
ground, the acute side lobes of the lip light purple with darker veins, and
the front lobe pale lilac with numerous purple nerves along the centre.
Mr. Chamberlain’s plant has the sepals and petals deep yellow, and the
nerves of the lip darker in colour, confluent into a blotch on the disc, which
shows that there is a certain amount of variation in colour. The pseudo-
bulbs are ovoid, oblong, rather small, and bear one or two oblong leaves,
7 to 8 inches long by an inch broad, and the scapes are about
14 feet high, and somewhat branched near the apex. The re-appearance
of the species is interesting, and it may be added that there are several
Cuban Epidendrums which are very imperfectly known, and that even the
handsome E. phceniceum and E. replicatum seem to have been quite lost
sight of in gardens.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 281

RHYNCHOSTYLIS RETUSA VAR. GUTTATA.
WHEN figuring a form of this handsome species—better known in gardens
under the name of Saccolabium guttatum—the late Mr. Warner remarked
(Sel. Orch., ii., t. 18) :—‘‘ One cannot but regret the absence from our great
London exhibitions of remarkably fine plants such as were seen exhibited
at the time of the Chiswick shows. There Saccolabiums were frequently
seen with from five to ten spikes of blossoms, or even more, on the same
plant, and those who were in the habit of visiting these Gardens at the
time referred to often speak with regret of the absence of such remarkable
specimens from the exhibitions of the present day.’’ The present specimen
is equal to the best spoken of in the above note, for it bears thirteen spikes,

Fic. 42. RHYNCHOSTYLIS RETUSA VAR. GUTTATA.

and forms a charming little picture. It was grown by Mr. Tyson, gardener
to Dr. T. R. Jessop, Roundhay Mount, Leeds, and gained the First Prize
for a single specimen at the Leeds Show in 1898. The previous year it bore
twelve spikes, and received a Cultural Commendation from the Committee
of the R. H. S. at the York Gala.

Rhynchostylis retusa is a widely diffused and variable plant, if the
different forms now included under it are all forms of the same. It is found
almost throughout Hindostan wherever the conditions are suitable, in
Ceylon, in the provinces of the eastern peninsula—especially in the plains
of Lower Burma—and in Jaya, where it is said to be common, and to have
established itself in immense numbers in the Teak plantations formed by

282 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the Dutch in that colony. The Javan plant may be considered as the type
of the species, being the one originally described by Blume. The variety
guttata has been known ever since 1820, for Dr. Lindley states that he saw
in Sir Joseph Banks’ library in that year a specimen in full flower that had
been sent from the Royal Gardens at Kew. Ten years later a plant was
presented to the Horticultural Society of London by Dr. Wallich, which
flowered at Chiswick in 1831, since which period it has continuously
been represented in British Orchid collections.

A graphic account of the plant as seen in its native jungles in South
India was communicated to The Garden in 1890 (xxxviii., p. 607) by

J. L.,” who remarks:—‘‘In Malabar it mostly affects the jungle and
marshy banks of sluggish-flowing rivers thick with trees of low stature and
thorny undergrowth, composed of Solanum ferox, spiny acacias, and the
like, where croak innumerable frogs, speaking eloquently of malaria, ague,
and fever, and where crawls the deadly cobra, and where other reptiles and
insects of strange appearance are abundant. In the midst of such sur-
roundings, pendant from the branches of trees, may be seen the charming
blooms of the Saccolabium (Rhynchostylis) spreading a fragrance around
which compels the explorer to linger in the locality, even at the risk of
subsequent attacks of jungle fever. Curiously enough the plants are never
found in groups, but singly, with long distances between the individual
plants. They come into flower during September and October, or
immediately after the south-west monsoon rains cease, and from that date
till the first spring flowers fall, in March or April, these epiphytes enjoy
complete rest. They are throughout nearly the whole of this period of
rest more or less protected from the east winds which prevail for so many
months, and they are under the influence of dense fogs during the night and
early morning. During the prevalence of the south-west monsoon, which
is their growing season, the temperature rarely falls below 70° Fahr., that is
when the sky is cloudy and the rain is pouring in torrents, perhaps for three
or four weeks at atime. From the end of October till the end of April, the
season of rest, the thermometer frequently falls in the night and early
morning to 48° Fahr., so that the range of temperature under which they
live in Southern India is considerable.”

As regards culture, it may be added that the plant likes a position in
the East Indian house, and succeeds in a teak basket, in which should be
placed some largish pieces of broken crocks, with sphagnum moss between
the interstices, and a surfacing of the same material. Abundance of water
should be given during the growing season, but, when resting, only sufficient
to keep the sphagnum alive. A healthy atmosphere is most important, as
the plant makes an abundance of aerial roots, and care should be taken to
keep the leaves clean and healthy.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 283

“SOCIETIES.
MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
A MEETING of this Society was held on July 18th, at the Coal Exchange,
Manchester, when, as usual at this time of year, the exhibits were not
numerous, Seven awards, however, were made.
G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., New Hall Hey, Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill),
received a First-class Certificate for a fine example of Cypripedium x
I’Ansoni, a handsome hybrid derived from C. Rothschildianum and C. x
Morganiz.

The Hon. Mrs. Bass, Byrkley, Burton-on- ‘Prank (gr. Mr. Nisbet),
exhibited Cattleya Gaskelliana var. Mrs. Hamar Bass, which received an
Award-of Merit, and a well-grown plant of Odontoglossum crispum Need-
wood variety, to which a Cultural Certificate was given.

J. Richardson, Esq., Altrincham, received an Award of Merit for
Cattleya gigas var. J. Richardson, a handsome form.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, were awarded a First-
class Certificate for a fine example of Acineta Hrubyana, a species rarely met
with in collections.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, exhibited
Cypripedium X Kimballianum, Low’s var., a handsome natural hybrid,
which received an Award of Merit.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, obtained an Award of Merit for
Cattleya X Marriottiana (C. Eldorado ? x C. Warscewiczii ¢).

(No meeting was held during August).

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

A MEETING of this Society was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate,
Westminster, on August 13th, on which occasion the Orchid Committee
had very few exhibits to attend to, and no awards were made. There were
present of the Orchid Committee :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and
Messrs. H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas, E. Hill,
H. M. Pollett, and W. H. Young.

Sir J. Miller, Bart., Manderston, Duns., N.B. (gr. Mr. Hamilton), sent
a hybrid between Lelia tenebrosa and Cattleya granulosa Schofieldiana,
bearing a general resemblance to Lzlio-cattleya x elegans, ee differing
in various details of the flower.

J. S. Moss, Esq., Bishops Waltham (gr. Mr. Kench), sent a cut flower
of Lelia X Iona (tenebrosa X Dayana).

Colonel M. A. Swinfin-Bown, Swinfin Hall, Lichfield (gr. Mr. Collyer),
exhibited. a pretty variety of Cattleya Eldorado, having white flowers
slightly flushed with pink on the sepals and petals.

284 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

T. W. Thornton, Esq., Brockhall, Weedon, sent a pretty variety of
Lelio-cattleya x Atalanta (C. Warscewiczii X L.-c. x élegans).

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, sent a
small but excellent group of Orchids, and received a Vote of Thanks. * It
contained three fine varieties of Cattleya x Atalanta (Leopoldi xX
Warscewiczii), differing somewhat in shape and colour. C. Xx Niobe
(Aclandiz X Mendelii), a pretty hybrid with cream-white sepals and petals,
bearing some minute purple spots, the front lobe of the lip bright purple,
the side lobes white, and the disc yellow; L-c. x Nysa (L. crispa X C.
Warscewiczii), L.-c. xX Parysatis (L. pumila xX C. Bowringiana), and
Lelia X splendens (crispa x purpurata).

A SECOND meeting was held on August 27th, when the exhibits were more
numerous, and several of them received awards. The members of the
Orchid Committee present were :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and
Messrs. T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, De B. Crawshay, J. G. Fowler, E.
Dik oH. 0 Pitt. B. J. Thorne, and H. A Tracy.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill, N. (gr. Mr. Thurgood),
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a fine group of Orchids, including
Miltonia spectabilis, Oncidium Lanceanum, Cypripedium xX Nellie (tonsum
X Charlesworthii), a very fine form of C. Spicerianum, C. Curtisii, an
unnamed hybrid between C. x Harrisianum and C. x Chapmanii, Leelio-
cattleya x elegans var. Emperor, L.-c. x broomfieldiensis, L.-c. xX
callistoglossa, Vanda coerulea, and a few good Odontoglossums.

W. M. Appleton, Esgq., Tyn-y-coed, Weston-super-mare (gr. Mr.
Brooks), exhibited Cypripedium x Rolfei (bellatulum x Rothschildianum),
a very handsome hybrid, which received an Award of Merit; C.. x gigas
(Lawrenceanum X Harrisianum), C. X Transvaal (Chamberlainianum X
Rothschildianum), and C. X Massaianum (superciliare X Rothschildianum).

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Flodden Road, Camberwell
(gr. Mr. Chapman), exhibited Cypripedium x Unixia superbum (x Harris-
ianum superbum x Lawrebel), a fine hybrid which received an Award of
Merit.

R. Tunstill, Esq., Monkholme, Brierfield, Burnley (gr. Mr. Balmforth),
received an Award of Merit for Lelio-cattleya x Haroldiana (L. tenebrosa
Xx C. X Hardyana).

J. Colman, Esq., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Bound), exhibited a
plant called Miltonia Travassosiana, apparently a form of M. Regnellii
with yellow sepals and petals, and a good form of Odontoglossum
tripudians.

De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Stables), showed
Miltonia Regnellii citrina, and two good forms of M. x Cogniauxiz.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 285

D. Drewett, Esq., Willow Wood, Riding Mill-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Etty),
exhibited Cypripedium X Miss Fanny Wilson (Sanderianum xX Argus), a
good form of Cypripedium x Bryani, and an unnamed hybrid (C. tonsum
x philippinense).

The Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Park, Tring (gr. Mr. Hill), showed
a fine example of Schomburgkia Lyonsii.

Sir F. Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), showed
a good form of Lzlio-cattleya xX Violetta (L. purpurata x C. Gaskelliana).

R. Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool (gr. Mr. Poyntz), showed a
good form of the new Paphiopedilum x Kubele (P. x cenanthum superbum
? X Youngianum ¢@).

Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, exhibited six fine plants, two of
which gained Awards. Lelio-cattleya x Digbyano-Mendelii Veitch’s
variety received a First-class Certificate and L.-c. x Robin Measures var.
Ena (L. xanthina @ xX C. Schofieldiana g), an Award of Merit. The
others were L.-c. X Andreana (C. bicolor x L.-c. x elegans), -Li<cu::X
Wellsiana superba (C. Trianez Xx L. purpurata), Lzlio-cattleya x Stella
(L. crispa X L.-c. X elegans), and L. x Pacavia (L. purpurata @ x
L. tenebrosa ¢).

ORCHIDS AT KEW.

ALTHOUGH the present is the dull season of the year for Orchid blooms, a
large number of species are in flower in the Kew collection.*

In the Warm department, devoted largely to the Cypripedium and
Sarcantheous group, may be mentioned a fine example of the very rare
West African Angrecum Eichlerianum, bearing large, solitary, greenish
white flowers, a pretty white form of Aerides radicosum, Phalaenopsis
violacea and P. Esmeralda, good examples of the remarkable Bulbophyllum
grandiflorum and B. barbigerum, Polystachya luteola, the handsome
Cynoches chlorochilon, and some more familiar plants.

The other Warm department, on the south side, contains among others,
examples of the handsome Dendrobium formosum, the rare Catasetum
Russellianum, a good Cattleya superba splendens, the rare West African
Eulophia Saundersiana, a fine example of Epidendrum ciliare bearing many
spikes of flowers, Calanthe veratrifolia, and an inflorescence of Acineta
Barkerii only yet in bud.

The Cattleya house is gay with examples of Cattleya Leopoldi, C.
bicolor, C. granulosa, C. Aclandiz, and Lelia Dayana, together with
Lelio-cattleya X Schilleriana, L.-c. X_ callistoglossa, Epidendrum
prismatocarpum, the pure white E. lanipes, E. osmanthum, Oncidium
Forbesii, Miltonia Clowesii, a form of M. Regnellii having deep yellow
sepals and petals, Dendrobium chrysanthum, and other familiar things.

286 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The Odontoglossum house contains many beautiful and interésting
plants. Here is an example of the rare Comparettia macroplectron, the
brilliant» Disa grandiflora, a beautiful example of Oncidium incurvum, the
rare O. Geertianum, Odontoglossum aspidorhinum, the rare O. purum, the
handsome O.. grande and O. maxillare, the very rare Ccelia macrostachya
bearing three spikes of its pretty rose-pink flowers, a plant of Sophronitis
grandiflora bearing six flowers, rather out of season, the rare Polystachya
Kirkii, good examples of Masdevallia floribunda, and M. Reichenbachii,
Scaphosepalum verrucosum, Epiphronitis x Veitchii, the rare Sigmato-
stalix radicans, and a number of examples of Stenoglottis longifolia and its
variety alba, and Spathoglottis Fortunei, the two latter being very floriferous
and giving quite a gay effect to the house.

NOTES.

THE Royal Horticultural Society will hold two meetings at the Drill Hall,
Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during September, on the roth and 24th,
when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold meet-
ings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on September 5th and 26th. The
Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection
from I to 3 p.m.

In connection with the figure and history of Stanhopea Wardii given at
page 209, it is interesting to note that a photograph of this species, showing
a magnificent 1o-flowered inflorescence, has been sent by R. Hogarth Clay,
Esq., Wembury House, Plymstock, S. Devon. The plant was purchased
some time ago of Messrs. John Cowan and Co., of Gateacre. When thus
grown it forms a very striking object.

Another illustration comes to hand of the way Odontoglossum crispum
and O. Hunnewellianum grow intermixed in the district whence some of
the more recent importations have been collected. Flowers of two plants ©
which were purchased as imported O. crispum have been sent from the
co lection of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno, but one proves
to be a typical O. Hunnewellianum and the other a fine and extremely
pretty form of O. x Adrianz, the natural hybrid between the two species
just mentioned. The latter measures 23 inches across its broadest diameter,
and has a light yellow ground colour, much deeper near the margin, with :
rather large, deep brown blotches, which are more or les‘ confluent, especially
on the sepals, while the lip and column wings closely resemble those of O-
Hunnewellianum except in their proportionately larger size. We do not

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 287

remember another sates like it, and suggest O. X Adriane insignis as a
suitable name for it.

It is somewhat doubtful whether the hybrid between Paphiopedilum
bellatulum and P. Rothschildianum has yet flowered in cultivation, though it
has been doubtfully recorded. At page 93 of our fifth volume it is remarked
that T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester, exhibited “a
reputed hybrid between Cypripedium bellatulum and C. Rothschildianum,
called C. X Rolfei, in which the influence of C. bellatulum was evident
enough, but it was generally considered that C. X Leeanum must have |
been the other parent. Should this prove correct, we believe the plant
has already been named, and the name C. xX Rolfei should be kept for
the hybrid between C. bellatulum and C. Rothschildianum, of which,
we believe, genuine seedlings are in existence.”

It is interesting to hear of another genuine seedling between the two
species just mentioned, now in the collection of Reginald Young, Esq.,
Sefton Park, Liverpool. Mr. Young writes :—‘‘ It may interest you to hear
that yesterday I purchased a plant guaranteed ‘bellatulum x Rothschild-
ianum,’ and I have accordingly labelled it and entered it in my book as
Paphiopedilum X Rolfei (See ORCHID REVIEW, v. pp. 93, 94).”’ We hope to
be able to complete its history when the flowers appear.

Since the foregoing notes were written a flowering plant has made its
appearance, having been exhibited by W. M. Appleton, Esq., of Weston-
super-mare, at the R.H.S. meeting on August 27th, when it received an
Award of Merit.

A flower of the hybrid Cattleya x Mary Gratrix (C. Harrisoniana 9 X
C. granulosa Schofieldiana ¢), is sent by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush
Hill Park, Enfield, and shows well its intermediate character. The sepals
and petals are light rosy purple, the ample side lobes of the lip yellowish
white, and the front lobe bright purple. It appeared in 1897, a plant being
exhibited at a meeting of the Manchester Orchid Society on August 2oth
of that year by S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range, Manchester.

A photograph of a single flower of a pure white form of Dendrobium
bigibbum is sent from the collection of O. Bartels, Esq., of Brisbane,
Australia. It is a charming little variety, and the only colour on the flower
is said to be alittle yellow on the disc of the lip. D. bigibbum var.
candidum, from the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, is said to have the
flowers:slightly tinged with rosy parle, otherwise the two forms appear to
be very similar. ;

288 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Epicattleya x Orpeti (Cattleya amethystoglossa @ x Epidendrum x
O’Brienianum ¢) is a very interesting hybrid raised by Mr. E. O. Orpet,
S. Lancaster, Mass., whose history was given at page 114. A beautiful
dried flower has now been sent, which in its present condition measures
two inches across its broadest diameter, and its brilliant rose-purple flowers
have scarcely lost a trace of colour in the process.

Sophrolelia x Orpeti (Lelia pumila ¢ x Sophronitis grandiflora ¢)
is another brilliant hybrid raised by Mr. Orpet, of which a dried flower in
equally perfect condition has been sent. It measures over 34 inches in
diameter. It most resembles the Sophronitis in shape, but the lip is much
enlarged, and the disc yellow, the rest of the flower being a brilliant
purple-crimson.

ORCHiD PORTRAITS.

BULBOPHYLLUM GRaANDIFLORUM, Blume.—Bot. Mag., 7787.

CORYANTHES sPECIOSA.—Journ. Hort., 1goI, xliii., p. 169, with fig.

CYPRIPEDIUM X Maupia- MAGNIFICUM.—Gard. Chron., 1901, XXX.
- 129, fig. 41; Journ. Hort., 1901, ylili., p. 121, with fig.

Disa X VEITCHII.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xlili., p. 145, with fig.

MILTONIA SPECTABILIS VAR. MORELIANA.—Garden, 1902, 1X.. p.' 115;
with fig.

ODONTOGLOSsUM X BRA&CKMANII CRAWSHAYANUM.—Gard. Mag., 1901
p. 546, with fig.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM VAR. MRS. BrooMaN WHITE.—Gard. Chron.,
TQOI, XXX., p. 94, with suppl. fig.

ODONTOGLOssuUM CRISPUM PITTIANUM.—Gard. Chron., TQO01,. XXx4
P- 154, fig. 49.

ODONTOGLOSSUM MACULATUM THOMPSONIANUM.—Gard. Mag., 1901,
PP- 546, 547, with fig.

PHAL&Nopsis MANNiI.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii., p. 97, with fig.

ZYGOPETALUM Mackay1.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii., pp. 122, 123, with
fig.

~

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

(Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in some
: , é
are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily, )

P.B.S. Catasetum macrocarpum.

J. M. Impossible to be of the parentage recorded, but we will endeavour to identify it.
W.S. Odontogl n idip , Rchb. f., and Acampe Wightiana, Lindl.
Photographs received with thanks. O. O. W.,R. H.C oe
Received. J. M,, J. B,D. B.C, 0. 5:

STANLEY, ASHTON & Co..

SOUTHGATE, LONDON. N.,

C{RE importing the FINEST ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Colombia produces.
and guarantee all their plants.

All buyers of the true “Native Pacho” should write; they are promised

fullest satisfaction in advance.

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OCTOBER, to01. ~ [No. 106, oe

THE

ORCHID REVIEW:

Hn Fllustrated Monthly Journal,

DEVOTED ..TO -ORCHIDOLOGY-

Contents.
PAGE
Calendar of Seer oes for October - -.. 2007, M. x peor
Correspondence, &c. .. 320 | M. x Blun
Epidendrum lanipes_—... nes Bee 2 i: | M. x ches a
Habenarias, a group of 297 M. X Cogniauxiee
H. car (Fig. ae ioe 20771 M. X festiva
H. militaris (Fig. 43) a ae 0d M. x Tacpecbeata
H. Susanne (Fig. 44) «.. SUTZOT Be: x eget
Hybridist ee SO2-. Not
Cattleya < ‘Chamberlainiana a0 Chiontatieauda crispum 1 Stevensii Fig.
; y 393, ag
attley. ymene 5024
Cattley flavescens a 303° | Orchid Portraits
Lelio-cattleya x Agnes ... gee Orchids at Bradfoi
Lelio-cattleya x Issy <2 308 | Paphiopedilum x Role ne 49)
Lelia Digbyana as a seed parent be gta soci achia ae
Lelia grandiflora alba . ys far weSOCt 31
Lelio-catileya x Binoti oe + GOA Manchester and. North of England
Lelio-cattleya x Leeana Sagas | 2 SE):
Lycaste,, hybrid.. Se Bi 300 bat Horticuleoral :
_ Miltonias, natural hybrid eure ee e's Sanopes connata ae 1

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MANUAL OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS

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THE ORGHID REVIEW.

Not. 1X OCTOBER, 1got. [No. x06.

NATURAL HYBRID MILTONIAS.

SEVERAL natural hybrid Miltonias have made their appearance in gardens,
among importations of the different Brazilian species, whose history I have
tried to bring together in the following paper. The Brazilian species of the
genus are eight in number, namely, M. anceps, M. candida, M. Clowesii,
M. cuneata, M. flavescens, M. Regnellii, M. Russelliana, and M. spectabilis,
with its dark variety Moreliana, and it is remarkable how comparatively
little is recorded of their habitats and distribution—in two or three cases
practically nothing except that they came from Brazil. The natural hybrids
between them at present known seem to be seven in number, and in ev ery
case their origin has been inferred from their intermediate character, rather
than from other sources of information. From them, however, we may gather
that the species grow more or less intermixed—for it is only under such
circumstances that natural hybrids occur—and we are justified in concluding
that M. spectabilis grows with M. flavescens, M. Clowesii, M. candida, and
M. Regnellii, which latter occurs with M. candida, and M. Clowesii, and
the two last mentioned with each other.

I. . X FESTIVA was the earliest of these natural hybrids, and was
described by Reichenbach, in 1868, as follows:—A new and showy
Miltonia ! Imagine a two-flowered M. spectabilis, with narrower ochre-
coloured sepals and petals; add, in lieu of the blunt and broad apex of the
lip an acute one; imagine the whole purplish, with eleven dark, radiating
Streaks, and take longish, very acute bracts—you’ll have the plant. It
is anold friend of ours, haying been sent to us as early as 1865, by M.
Liiddemann, of Paris. Yet we were not disposed to write on a single (two-
flowered) withered peduncle, and it was put aside among our numerous
doubtful Orchids and labelled as‘ Miltonia, a hybrid.’ If mere conjectures
may be permitted, when proferred merely as such, we should venture to ask
whether it is not a mule between Miltonia spectabilis and flavescens. The

290 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

bracts and the apex of the lip, and the colour of both sepals aud petals, are
those of M. flavescens; the other organs have the characters of the corres-
ponding parts of M. spectabilis. The Liiddemann flowers do not turn red
when dried as do the flowers of M. flavescens. We are indebted for
a glorious two-flowered inflorescence to our excellent correspondent and
friend, Stuart Low, Esq.’’ A plant flowered in the collection of Wentworth
Buller, Esq., Ferniehurst, Shipley, near Leeds, in June, 1869 (possibly the one
just mentioned), and another appeared with Messrs. James Veitch & Sons,
in 1877. Italso flowered in the collection of R.I. Measures, Esq., of
Camberwell, in May, 1894, the inflorescence being preserved at Kew, where
also is an inflorescence sent by Mr. Rand, of Para, Brazil, in September,
1895, as suspected tobe a hybrid between M. festiva and M. spectabilis.
There can no longer be any doubt that this represents the origin of the plant,
which is apparently rare. The following are the references :—

M. X FEsTIVA, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1868, p. 572; Veitch Man.
Orch., viii., p. 118; Kranzl. Xen. Orch., iii., p. 66, t. 232.

2. M. X BLuntTiI was described by Reichenbach in 1879, as follows :—
“*A fresh novelty, a lovely and elegant thing. The flower is equal to that of
Miltonia spectabilis, but the sepals and petals have another shape, and are
smaller. They are whitish yellow, and they have some great, purple cinna-
mon blotches, chiefly in their centre. The sepals are lanceolate acute ; the
petals oblong, lanceolate, less acute. The lip has exactly the form of that
of M. spectabilis, but there are two different, naked, abrupt keels at the
base; its colour is white, and there is a purple area at the base. The
column is thick and very short, with narrow, great, darkish purple-violet
wings. The whole aspect must be uncommonly pretty. If you take sepals
and petals of a Clowesii, wash all the bars from base and top, and add the
column and lip of a spectabilis, you will have rather a good idea of Mil-
tonia X Bluntii, only remember there are no bars at all, but blotches. Mr.
Richard Bullen informs me that the plant is like M. spectabilis in growth
and habit. I entertain no doubt of the plant being a mule between M.
spectabilis and M. Clowesii. It isa great satisfaction to dedicate the plant
to its discoverer, Mr. Henry Blunt, who once more devotes his zeal to
Orchids. Materials have been kindly sent by Mr. Richard Bullen, Wood:
lands Nursery, Hither Green, Lewisham.”

VaR. PEETERSIANA.—Another natural hybrid was described by Reichen-
bach in 1886, but being descended from the same two species must be con-
sidered as a variety of M. X Bluntii. The description is as follows :—
“This has the bulb and leaf of Miltonia Clowesii. The peduncle is very
strong, not markedly two-edged but more rounded. The shading of the
inflorescence is rather flexuose in one specimen with ancipitous, triangular,
large bracts, nearly equal to the stalked ovaries. The flower would be diffi-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 201

cult to distinguish from those of Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana, but the lip
is narrower at the base and dilated suddenly and acutely at the top. Both
the sepals and petals are a little narrower and more acute, of the finest dark
horse-chestnut purple. The lip is of the richest purple, with five, unequal,
yellow keels at the base, and numerous dark purple blotches, with nearly
white margins, occupy the base and inside line of the disc. The auricles of
the column are bilobed. The yellow tabula infrastigmatica is provided with
two erect teeth. It is probably a hybrid between M. spectabilis Moreliana and
M. Clowesii. I received five flowers, an inflorescence, bulb, and leaf from
M.A. A. Peeters, St. Gilles, Bruxelles, to whom it is dedicated with
pleasure. I believe I saw the very same plant at Mr. W. Bull’s some days
ago, when it was nearly dark.”

Var. LUBBERSIANA was described by Reichenbach in 1887, as follows :—
‘* This very fine variety has both the sepals and petals covered with very dark,
horse-chestnut coloured spots, which are very often confluent in the middle.
The peduncle at hand, the first one developed, is two-flowered, but may attain
higher development. It was kindly sent me by M. A.A. Peeters, St. Gilles,
Bruxelles. It is dedicated, at the wish of Mr. Peeters, and with great satis-
faction on my part to Mr. Lubbers, of the Botanic Garden of Bruxelles,
whom I have had the pleasure of knowing for nearly a third of a century as
a most intelligent and a most enthusiastic grower and lover of plants.”

All the forms of this hybrid are remarkably handsome. The following are
the references to descriptions and figures :—

M. x Biuntu, Rchb. f.in Gard. Chron., 1897, xii., p. 489; Cogn. et
Gooss. Icon. Orch., Milt. hybr., t. 2.

Var. LUBBERSIANA, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1887, ii., p. 649 ; Orchido-
phile, 1890, p. 176, with plate; Journ. Hort., 1892, xxiv., pp. 379 373;
fig. 65; Lindenia, v., t. 203 ; Veitch Man. Orch., viii., p. 117, with fig ; Journ.
Hort., 1892, xxiv., pp. 370, 373, fig. 65 ; Gard. Mag., 1898, p. 736, with fig. ;
Cogn. et Gooss. Icon. Orch., Milt. hybr. t. 2a.

Var. PEETERSIANA. M. X Peetersiana, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1886,
xxvi., p. 326; Cogn. et Gooss. Dict. Icon. Orch., Milt. hybr., t. 3.

M. x Lamarcheana was described by Reichenbach as a new hybrid in
1881, though this was not the first appearance of the plant, it having been
figured by E. Morren, in 1876, as M. Clowesii var. Lamarcheana. Reichen-
bach remarked, “I have at hand a beautiful inflorescence coming from the
excellent collection of M. Massange de Louvrex, of Liege, grown by M.
Kramer,” and, after pointing out various intermediate characters, added,
“* My opinion is, that the plant may be a mule between M. candida and M.
Clowesii.” According to Morren it first flowered in August, 1874, in the
garden of M. Oscar Lamarche de Rossius, President of the Société Royale
d’ Horticulture of Liege, the plant having been received from the province

292 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

of Minas Geraes, Brazil, in 1873. In August, 1893, a plant was exhibited
at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society by Major Joicey, Sunning-
dale Park, under the name of M. X Joiceyana, and received a First-class
Certificate, being afterwards described by Mr. J. O’Brien as a supposed
hybrid between M. Clowesii and M. candida. Still later a plant appeared
with Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. Heaton, Bradford, and in October, 1895,
it was exhibited at a meeting of the R. H. S. from the collections of Walter
Cobb, Esq., and of S. G. Lutwyche, Esq., when its history was given in
these pages. It should be added that Mr. Cobb’s plant was exhibited under
the name of M. X Cobbiana, and received an Award of Merit. It was
recorded as a supposed natural hybrid between M. candida and M.
cuneata. It is evidently a rare plant, and quite intermediate between
the two species previously mentioned. The following are the references to
figures and descriptions :—

M. X LaMARCHEANA, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1881, xv., p. 530; Rolfe
in Orch. Rev., iii., p. 351.

M. Clowesii var. Lamarcheana, E. Morr. in Belg. Hort., xxvi., p. 174,
ters

M. X Joiceyana, O’Brien in Gard. Chron., 1893, xiv., p. 206; Journ.
Hort., 1895, xxx., p. 45, fig. 8; Orch. Rev. i., p- 268; Journ. Hort., 1895,
XXX., Pp. 45. fig. 8.

M. X Cobbiana, Gard. Chron., 1895, xviii., p. 407.

4. M. x Brnoti was described by Prof. Cogniaux, in 1897, froma plant
which flowered in the establishment of Mr. A. A. Peeters, St. Gilles,
Brussels, in November of that year, and which had been sent from M.
Binot, of Petropolis. The author described it as a plant recalling some
forms of M. candida, in the pseudobulbs, leaves, and the size and form of
the flowers; the sepals and petals cinnamon-brown, with the apex, a narrow
margin, and one or two imperfect transverse bars of pale, greenish yellow;

_and the lip scarcely shorter than the lateral sepals, broadly obovate, bright
violet purple, veined with darker lines, not curling like a horn round the
column as in M. candida, but merely rather concave. The author added :—
“M. X Binoti principally differs from M. candida in the lip and the column,
which organs much resemble, on the contrary, those of M. Regnelli, and
especially those of its variety purpurea. We are disposed to consider it as
a natural hybrid between those two species.”

VAR. INTERMEDIA afterwards flowered in the same establishment, and has
much shorter and broader sepals and petals, almost wholly suffused with
brown, and the lip much more concave, in fact closely resembling M.
candida in shape, but wholly purple in colour.

A plant was exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S. on September roth
last, from the collection of De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 293

under the name of M. X Crawshayana, and as a supposed natural hybrid
between M. Regnellii citrina and M. Clowesii, but it is a form of the
present one, most resembling M. Regnellii in the lip and M. candida in
the sepals and petals.

The following are references to descriptions and figures :—

M. x BrvoTI, Cogn. in Gard. Chron, 1897, xxii., p. 393; Chapm. in
Gard. Mag., 1898, p. 736, with fig.; Journ. R. Hort. Soc., xxii., Proc., pp.
167, 173, fig. 113; Cogn. et Gooss. Dict. Icon. Orch., Milt. hybr., t. 4.

M. X Crawshayana, Gard. Chron., 1901, xxx., p. 210.

VAR. INTERMEDIA, Cogn. Dict. Icon. Orch., Milt. hybr., t. 4a.

5. M. X CoGNIAUXI& appeared in December, 1890, in the establishment
of M. A. A. Peeters, St. Gilles, Brussels, and was dedicated to Madame
Cogniaux by Mr. Fr. Peeters, being shortly afterwards figured and described,
when M. Cogniaux remarked :—‘‘ There can be no doubt that this plant is a
natural hybrid, having for its parents M. Regnellii and M. spectabilis var.
Moreliana, between which it is unquestionably intermediate.” A hybrid
with this parentage had already appeared under the name of M. X Peeter-
siana, but it was not Reichenbach’s plant of that name, which is a variety
of M. X Bluntii, and it isa curious fact that the history of the present
hybrid can be carried right back to the year 1886. There is in the
herbarium of the late W. H. Gower, now at Kew, a flower labelled “‘ Miltonia
Peetersiana,”’ but without any other details, which is certainly identical
with the one now under consideration. This led me to search for a possible
record by Mr. Gower, and I succeeded in finding two references, in The
Garden.

The first was in 1887, and is as follows :—‘‘ Miltonia Peetersiana.—This
is a new species, apparently intermediate between M. Regnellii and M.
Moreliana, with the growth, habit, and inflorescence similar to the first
named kind. The sepals and petals are long and spreading, wholly deep
purplish violet; lip large and flat, bright purplish violet in the centre,
becoming paler towards the margin, veined throughout with lines of deep
violet, and bearing several raised ridges on the disc. This beautiful plant
is now flowering in an intermediate house of Mr. Measures’s garden at
Camberwell.” The second wasa year later, and runs :—*‘ This is a very
pretty and I fancy a somewhat rare species, which I recently noted flower-
ing in the Studley House ccllection [of F. G. Tautz, Esq.]. It has the
habit of M. Regnellii, and the flowers are about the same size as those of
that species, but they have the colour of M. Moreliana.” The flower evi-
dently came from one of these two plants—presumably the former—and
there is sufficient in the description to identify them with the Miltonia
Peetersiana concolor, n. var., described by Reichenbach in 1886, as
follows :—‘‘ Mr. W. Bull has been so very kind as to send me the whole

294 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

inflorescence of the plant I alluded to in my report about that novelty
(p. 326). It is remarkably distinct from the original, inasmuch as the sepals
and petals are not quite so dark. The lip, beautiful as it is, has not those
dark eye blotches bordered with white margins.” Whether Mr. Bull sold
the plant to Mr. Measures or Mr. Tautz, we have no means of ascertaining,
but we should not be surprised to learn that one or both came from the
same source.

VAR. BICOLOR, #. var.—The one other hybrid from the same two species
that I am acquainted with was sent to Kew in July, 1891, by Mr. Thomas
Spencer, The Gardens, Goodrich Court, Ross, with the following note :—
“A Miltonia which I am not acquainted with. The foliage and growth
reminds one of M. spectabilis, and is about the same size.”” The bracts of
the inflorescence also approach those of the same species, but the size and
shape of the flower, including the column wings, are even more nearly like
those of M. Regnellii than those of the original form; compared with
which there is the striking difference that the sepals and petals are yellow-
ish white, showing that the typical M. spectabilis was the second parent.
The lip is purple, as in the original.

It may be asked why, seeing that M. xX Peetersiana, Rchb.f. now
becomes a variety of M. X Bluntii, the specific name is not retained for the
present hybrid in preference to the more recent M. X Cogniauxie. The
answer is simple, and ought to be convincing. The name Peetersiana was
only applied to the present one through an error, which has continued to the
present day because the confusion of Reichenbach and others has not
previously been cleared up. Messrs. Peeters indeed repudiate it for the
present plant, which they have named M. X Cogniauxiz. It only serves to
perpetuate the confusion if we retain the name after its falsity has been
pointed out. The following are references to descriptions and figures :—

M. X CoGNIAUxI&, Fr. Peeters, ex Cogn. et Gooss. Dict. Icon. Orch.,
Milt. hybr. t. 5.

M. X Peetersiana var, concolor, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1886, xxvi.,
p- 360.

M. X Peetersiana, Gower in Garden, 1887, xxxii., p. 197; 1888, XXXIV.,
p- 169; Gard. Chron., 1897, xxii., p. 222; Garden, 1897, lii., p. 249 ; Chapm-
in Gard. Mag., 1898, p. 736 (not of Rehb. if).

6. M. X LEUCOGLOssA appeared in the collection of Sir Trevor
Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, in 1898, being exhibited at a meeting
of the Royal Horticultural Society, on September 2oth of that year, when
it received an Award of Merit. The Gardeners’ Chronicle spoke of it as 4
novelty, “‘ which may be a hybrid of M. cuneata, the sepals and petals
were cream-white, with blotches of light violet colour, the lip pure white,
except some marking around the crest.” Mr. Chapman afterwards noted

=

os se ee Brea.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 295

it as ‘resembling M. spectabilis in habit of growth, and perhaps a hybrid
between that species and M. candida. Sepals and petals greenish-white,
spotted with a distinct shade of violet-purple. Lip pure white except at
base, where there is a violet-purple suffusion on either side of the yellow
ridged disc.” I have not seen the plant, but the figure shows no re-
semblance to M. cuneata, and I believe that Mr. Chapman is right in his
suggestion about the parentage. The following are the references :—

M. X LEUcoGLossa, Gard. Chron., 1898, xxiv., p. 242; Orch. Rev., vi.
p. 318; Chapm. in Gard. Mag., 1898, p. 736, with fig.; Journ. R. Hort.
Soc., ¥Xil. p. 498, fig, 117, Proc. p. 167.

M. X castanea, n. hyb. This, the latest addition to the ranks of
natural hybrid Miltonias, was really the first to appear, though its origin
does not seem to have been suspected. In March, 1856, Reichenbach pub-
lished a short account of the genus Miltonia, in which appeared a plant
called M. Clowesii var. castanea, said to differ from the type in having the
perianth brown (not yellow), girded: with pale spots, and the lip wholly
purple. No further particulars or history were given. In September, 1887, a
similiar form appeared in the establishment of Messrs. James Veitch &
Sons, at Chelsea, and in October, 1889, another plant flowered in the
collection of H. J. Ross, Esq., of Florence, Italy. Messrs. Veitch noted it
as having “sepals and petals chestnut-brown, paler towards the tips,
stained with plum colour at the base ; lip wholly plum purple, shaded with
maroon at the base, paler at the apex.” Besides these differences, a
comparison shows that the lip has lost the characteristic narrowed basal
half, and has become broadly pandurate, with only a slight constriction in
the middle. This form I am convinced is a natural hybrid between M.
Clowesii and M. Regnellii. It would be interesting to know what has be-
come of the two plants just mentioned. The following are the references :—

M. X CASTANEA. M. Clowesii var. castanea, Rchb. f. Xen. Orch. 1., p.

130; Veitch Man. Orch., viil., p. 100.
R. A. ROLFE.

STANHOPEA CONNATA.
THE re-discovery of a lost species is often more interesting than the
appearance of a new one, and it is very curious how many plants which
were originally described from some garden and were subsequently lost sight
of have failed to re-appear. Stanhopea connata is a species which was
described by Klotzsch in 1854 (Allg. Gartenz., xxii., p- 226), from a plant
which flowered in the collection of Herr Mathieu, at Berlin, and which is
said to have been sent from Peru by Warscewicz in the previous year. A
second example from the same collector flowered with Messrs. Booth & Sons,
of Hamburg, in 1860, and was noted by Reichenbach (Hamb. Gartenz.,

296 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

1860, p. 422), since which period nothing further seems to have been heard
of the species. Reichenbach sent to Lindley a tracing of the inflorescence,
with analytical details of the flower, marked ‘ex planta originali!! 55,”
probably alluding to an inflorescence produced by the type plant in the
following year, and this tracing now fortunately leads to the re-identification
of the species. A Stanhopea sent to Sir Trevor Lawrence by Mr. Lehmann
has just flowered, and a flower which has been sent to Kew for determina-
tion has both the characters and the colour of the lost plant. It is remark-
able for the very broad, short, globose hypochil of the lip, which is united
as far as its middle to the base of the column, and marked at its junction
with the mesochil by a strong constriction, while the usual articulation
between the mesochil and epichil is absent, a combination of characters by
which Reichenbach separated it from every other known species. The
flower is throughout of a very deep yellow—almost orange-colour on the
lobes of the lip and base of the petals—with the lower half of the petals
blotched and spotted with maroon (the larger blotches being at the base),
and the hypochil of the lip suffused and blotched with the same colour out-
side, and more or less banded with dark brown inside. The short, stout
column is greenish white at the back, but yellow on the front. On either
side of the hypochil is a strong keel, situated about the middle of a deep
yellow area. The epichil of the lip and the horns of the mesochil are very
fleshy, and nearly parallel with the column. Altogether it is a very
remarkable plant. There is a figure in Reichenbach’s Xenia Orchidacea
(iii., p. 136., t. 277). It would be interesting to get together a complete
collection of the species of this remarkable genus.
R. A. ROLFE.

“* REICHENBACHIA : Orchids illustrated and described, by F. Sander,
St. Albans, assisted by eminent scientific authorities.’ Such is the title of
a valuable work, says The Public Library /ournal, just purchased for the
Cardiff Reference Library (D. 3-1138). The book is in four large volumes,
magnificently illustrated with coloured plates, and by reason of its price
(£45) is quite out of reach of all except rich people. It is a book which has
long been wanted at Cardiff, for Orchid growing by amateurs is increasing,
and quite brilliant results are obtained by amateurs of very moderate means
with greenhouses and other appliances of quite an inexpensive type. Such
a pursuit deserves every encouragement, and the purchase of this valuable
book for the Free Library is another example of the readiness of the Com-
mittee to serve the highest interests of the ratepayers.” — Fournal of
Horticulture.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 297
A GROUP OF HABENARIAS.

THE appearance of the brilliant scarlet Habenaria militaris, from the
collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, at the R.H.S. meeting at the Drill Hall,
on September 24th, reminds us how comparatively seldom one meets with
this species in good condition, and there are several other species which are
equally worthy of attention. The annexed illustration gives a good idea of
how effective some of them are when well grown. It represents a small
group taken in Sir Trevor’s collection a few years ago by Mr. G. I’Anson.
The central figure shows an example of the remarkable H. Susannz, whose

Fic. 43. HABENARIA MILITARIS. Fic. 44. H. SUSANNE.
IG. 45. H. CARNEA.

large, white fringed flowers invariably command attention. Being rather
tall, it had to stand below the others, so as to bring its flowers within the
On either side are seen examples of H. militaris, not seen at its

picture.
In front are

best, as only two or three of the lower flowers are expanded.
three examples of the beautiful little H. carnea, which, with its white
variety nivosa, attracted so much attention a few years ago, but has again
become very rare, probably on account of the difficulty of cultivating it.
Each of the species has received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S.

298 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Mr. White has succeeded in growing H. militaris for many years, and
his method of treatment was given in detail in our first volume (pp. 83-85).
Small pots should be used, those called long thumbs being preferable, on
account of the great length of the tubers, and the compost should consist of
fibrous peat, loam, and moss in equal proportions. with a very liberal
admixture of finely broken crocks and a sprinkling of coarse silver sand.
Put a single crock at the bottom of the pot, then insert the tuber so that
the crown is about half an inch below the rim, and fill half way up with
clean broken crocks. Next add a thin layer of sphagnum moss, and fill up
with compost, just covering the tuber and pressing in the compost
moderately firm. Then sprinkle lightly with a fine-rosed watering can, and
place the plants as near to the glass as possible on the shady side of the
East Indian House, where the air is hot and moist. As growth advances
give moderate waterings—when in full growth they will take almost any
quantity. During hot weather syringing the urder side of the foliage will
be very beneficial, and a sharp watch should be kept for any signs of thrip,
which soon disfigure the leaves. After flowering, the leaves will begin to
change colour, when the waterings should be gradually diminished until the
stems have quite died down, when they fall away naturally. Rest ona
dry shelf in the same house, just preventing the soil from becoming dust
dry, and thus keeping the tubers from shrivelling. It may be propagated
quickly by separating the new tubers which are found when the plants are
turned out previous to repotting.

ORCHIDS AT BRADFORD.

THE recent notes on the culture of Orchids in leaf-mould have aroused @
great amount of interest in the subject, and with the object of making our-
selves acquainted with the details, we availed ourselves of an opportunity of
visiting Messrs. Charlesworth & Co.’s Nursery, at Heaton, Bradford, and
we may at once say that we were greatly pleased with what we saw. But
before going into special details we must make a few remarks on the collec-
tion generally.

The establishment has undergone considerable development since our
last visit in 1899. A block of six houses has been built, some little distance
away from the original block overlooking the reservoir, and at a somewhat
higher elevation. These are each 100 feet long, and fitted with all the
latest improvements ; and they are almost entirely devoted to the multitude
of hybrid seedlings which Mr. Charlesworth has been so successful in rais-
ing. It is exclusively an Orchid Nursery, and, viewing the numerous seed~
lings in every stage of development, from the tiniest green globules right up

THE ORCHID REVIEW. © 299

to those which are producing their first flowers, one realizes how peculiarly
applicable is the latter word, and prophetic of the coming period when we
. shall raise most of our Orchids at home instead of importing them from
abroad. ‘‘ Even Odontoglossums?” you ask. Well, we will not utter rash
prophesies, but we know that several artificially raised ones have already
flowered in different collections, and others are progressing towards that
interesting stage. We believe it is only a question of time and perseverance,
with the addition of that knowledge gained by experience which has reduced
the raising of seedlings of some other genera almost to an exact system. And
Mr. Charlesworth has had a share of success with Odontoglossums too, for
we saw a few nice little seedlings in various stages—which brings us back to
our subject.

It was previously noted that hybrid seedlings were one of the features
of the establishment, Mr. Charlesworth having taken up the subject
systematically some years ago, and after aseries of careful experiments was
able to germinate good seeds with almost as much certainty as the proverbial
‘‘ mustard and cress,” and had thousands of seedlings in every stage of
germination, and beyond. This applied largely to Cattleyas and Lelias,
and the plants have now made further progress, and are reaching the flower-
ing stage in a gradually increasing ratio. The plants generally are in
excellent condition, and are pictures of health and vigour, and the great
majority are now in leaf-mould, the remainder being put in as the work
progresses, but of this more anon. The question of room has already been
faced, as pointed out above. Numbers of the most promising combinations
were pointed out, but we can only mention a few actually in flower or bud.
Cattleya X flavescens (Forbesii X Dowiana) isa very pretty little plant,
combining well the characters of its parents, two examples being in flower.
C. x Bowringiano-velutina was represented by several examples. A seed-
ling from C. Loddigesii x Gaskelliana virginalis was opening and had good
flowers with a pale lip. Lzeelio-cattleya x Issy (L. tenebrosa xX C. Leo-
poldi) and L.-c. x Amelia (L. cinnabarina xX C. intermedia) are two inter-
esting things represented by two or three flowering examples, and a flower
of L.-c. x Ingrami was very fine. Numbers of plants in bud and sheath
were pointed out, among the latter being a nice batch of L.-c. X
Charlesworthii.

In a house largely devoted to the Cypripedium group we saw a small
example of the rare C. Fairrieanum—not in flower, though several other
interesting things were—those noted being three plants of C. X Lawrebel,
while a fourth had a scape with three buds, showing great vigour. Of C. x
Sir Redvers Buller three plants were in flower. C. Curtisii and C. X Ash-
burtonz were bearing two-flowered scapes, and C. X A. giganteum was
very fine. A strong plant of C. x A. de Lairesse was remarkable for its

309. THE ORCHID REVIEW.

growth, having bifurcated above the fifth pair of leaves, a thing we do not
remember to have seen before. Here also we saw a few young seedlings of
Ccelogyne speciosa crossed with C. cristata whose flowering will be awaited
with interest.

In looking round the nursery we saw many interesting things in flower,
and these we may now mention. First in order of merit we must place a
magnificent form of Cattleya x Hardyana, which had just expanded, and,
close by, examples ‘of ©. Warscewiczii, C. Eldorado in bud, and some good
C. Gaskelliana. A nice batch of C. bicolor together with a few good C.
Loddigesii and C. granulosa made quite a show, and a fine batch of L.
pumila in flower contained several very good forms. A few plants of Vanda
coerulea were out, but many more in bud, and a batch of V. Kimballiana in
a cool house was gay with its pretty flowers. Several plants of V. Amesiana
were in bud. Miltonias were flowering freely, and included some good
examples of M. Clowesii, M. spectabilis, and a nice batch of its purple
variety Moreliana, M. Warscewiczii xanthina, a group of M. candida, and
the handsome natural hybrids M. x Bluntii varieties Lubbersiana and
Peetersiana. We noted also M. vexillaria Leopoldi and M. xX Bleuana.
grandiflora, the latter not yet open. Oncidiums included some fine O..
Forbesii and plenty more in bud, O. curtum, some good O. ornithorhyn-
chum album, O. flexuosum, O. Kramerianum, and the striking O. spil-
opterum. Masdevallias included nice examples of M. Schlimii, Davisii, Veitch-
iana, ignea, forms of coccinea, the hybrids M. x Ajax, M. X Imogene, M-
x falcata, and others. Of Odontoglossums, besides a nice batch of O.
crispum, we noted the rare O. crocidipterum, with examples of O. cirrhosum,
polyxanthum, grande, maxillare, Uroskinneri, bictoniense, and tripudians.
And among miscellaneous things may be mentioned the plants of the very
graceful Brassia longissima, the brilliant Cochlioda Noetzliana, Trichopilia
coccinea, Restrepia guttata, Disa grandiflora, Zygopetalum maxillare, the
new Catasetum eburneum (Rolfe) with ivory white flowers, Epidendrum
porphyreum, Ccelogyne Massangeana, several Lycaste Skinneri and
Comparettia macroplectron, the latter in bud, nice little batches of Cypri-
pedium Charlesworthii and C. Spicerianum, and various other species and
hybrids of the Cypripedium group. Lastly may be mentioned a charming
little group of Ancectochili, and a fine batch of Dendrobium Phalznopsis
in luxuriant health and crowded with spikes, of which a few were already
out. These, it was specially pointed out, were in leaf-mould, and their
growths spoke volumes for the treatment.

CULTURE OF ORCHIDS IN LEAF-MOULD.

And now we come to the question of leaf-mould, and, first, may mention
a few of the Orchids which were pointed as doing especially well in it, and
afterwards describe the modus operandi.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 30L

Firstly, Mr. Charlesworth pointed out that all seedlings do well in it, as.
it seems to afford that constant supply of food which these active little
plants require. Dendrobium Phalznopsis we have just mentioned.
Oncidiums Forbesii, Marshallianum, and their allies, are noticeable for their
improvement when transferred to the new compost. A batch of Oncidium
splendidum was remarkable for its clean, robust growth, and this is a
particularly difficult plant to grow well. Moreover it should be noted that
they had been in leaf-mould long before they came into Mr. Charlesworth’s
hands. The rare O. pulchellum was also doing well in it. Odontoglossums.
luteopurpureum, grande, and cirrhosum are ali said to show marked im-
provement after its use, and plants of the latter had luxuriant growths,
bright green in colour, instead of that yellow appearance which is some-
times seen. Miltonias thrive in it, and some of the plants were in splendid
health. Cattleya Warscewiczii in leaf-mould was producing finer growths
than when received, and C. Mossi was also improving. It is also a most
suitable compost for many members of the Cypripedium group, and some
of those with weak constitutions show a marked improvement when placed
in it. We noted others, but this must suffice, and after seeing what we did
we cannot wonder at Mr. Charlesworth’s confidence in the new compost
which he is adopting so largely.

And now for its composition and manipulation. The leaves are mostly
oak—there may be a small admixture of other things—and they are used ina
flaky or half-decayed state. We saw several loads of it as delivered, and of
course it should be protected from rain. The leaves are first rubbed through
a three-quarter inch sieve, which ensures their being thoroughly broken up.
Next the small amount of fine material which it contains is rejected by the
use of an eighth-inch sieve, and this of course would come in handy for
many ordinary plants. For seedlings and choice things, about five to ten
per cent. of fibrous peat thoroughly broken up, and a similar quantity of
chopped sphagnum, is added, after which the materials are thoroughly
incorporated together. We handled the prepared mixture, and so far as
appearances went it seemed to have the right mechanical texture. And the
proof of the compost of course lies in the results. Sometimes fragments of
broken charcoal are added to keep the materials sweet, but it is not con-
sidered strictly necessary, and is often omitted. For Cypripediums the
leaf-mould with about fifteen per cent. of chopped sphagnum has been
used. The pots are crocked as for ordinary plants, and just covered with
a thin layer of moss, after which the compost, which should be only just
moist, should be pressed in firmly, and surfaced with a layer of chopped
sphagnum. Then a light watering is given and the plants are removed to
their respective positions and treated in the ordinary way.

One may ask, Is the new treatment likely to be a permanent improve-

302 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ment? Well, it may be remembered that M. de Lange-Vervane, and M.
Peeters of Brussels have followed it for years, and they could not afford to
use a bad system. Indeed Mr. Charlesworth could not understand why
some of their plants did so well until he learnt their method of treatment,
and he at all events shows confidence in the result by adopting it so largely.
Some are said to consider the above manipulations unnecessary, and use
the leaf-mould just as received, but it is well to take every precaution, and
those who are timid will prefer to begin by a small admixture of leaf-mould
to their ordinary compost. Finally, one word of caution is necessary.
Every opportunity should be taken, by the admission of plenty of light and
air, to get the bulbs well ripened before dull weather sets in, so that the
increased luxuriance is not counterbalanced by a decline in this direction.
We certainly think a good many oak-leaves should be collected during the
coming autumn.

‘THE HY BRIDIS?.

CATTLEYA X CLYMENE.—We have now a hybrid from Cattleya Rex to
record. An inflorescence has been sent by M. Lucien Linden, L’Horticole
Coloniale, Brussels, with the record that it was derived from a cross between
this species and C. Warscewiczii, the latter being the seed parent. The
plant has now flowered for the first time, the flower being fairly inter-
mediate in shape, and the characters of both parents easily traced. The
sepals and petals are of a peculiar light buff with a tinge of pink—a colour
rather difficult to describe—and the petals at present measure just under
34 inches long by 1} inches broad, and are slightly undulate. The lip is
strongly undulate, and the front lobe and throat of a clear, bright, ruby
crimson, without any trace of the yellow eyes of C. Warscewiczii, while
the back part of the disc is veined with yellow on a reddish maroon ground,
and on each side of this is a broad, yellow band, the margin and exterior
of the side lobes being pale buff. The inflorescence is at present two
flowered, but when the plant becomes stronger it should develop into a very
charming thing. M. Linden states that they have also flowered a hybrid
between C. Rex and Lelio cattleya x elegans.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X AGNES.—This is a fine hybrid raised by Mr. A. J-
Keeling, Cottingley, Bingley, from Lelio-cattleya x Schilleriana and L.¢
X callistoglossa, the latter being the pollen parent. The flower is fairly
intermediate, both in shape and colour, and the petals measure over 3t og
inches long by 14 inches broad. The inflorescence is at present two-flowered —
and the flowers were a little faded when received, but the colour seems to be —
delicate lilac-blush, with the front lobe of the lip and the apex of the side
Jobes rich purple and the throat paler. The resemblance to Lelia purpurata

THE ORCHID REVIEW. | 306

is very marked, which is not surprising when one remembers that both its
parents have half that species in their composition. An analysis of its
descent shows that it is composed of half Lelia purpurata and one-
quarter each of Cattleya Warscewiczii and C. intermedia, and it is curious
to reflect that if a hybrid between the two species named were in existence
and were crossed with Lelia purpurata, the product would be a hybrid of
identical composition. As hybridization progresses we may expect to find
examples of hybrids of identical composition which have been obtained
from apparently different parentages.

CATTLEYA. X FLAVESCENS.—A very distinct and pretty hybrid raised by
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, from Cattleya Forbesii 9 ‘
and C. Dowiana aurea ¢. It most resembles the former in shape, but all
the segments are greatly enlarged, the petals being an inch broad, and the
lip much more open and more brightly coloured. The sepals and petals
may be described as light buff tinged with salmon pink, and the disc and
throat of the lip orange-buff, shading off to deep yellow on the very undu-
late front lobe and margin of the side lobes, the latter organs being pink
outside. The characteristic veining of C. Dowiana is distinctly traceable
on the disc and side lobes of the lip, though lighter in colour, but the deep
purple colour is lost, though the influence of this species has yielded a
greatly improved flower. It is also traceable in the habit of the plant,
both monophyllous and diphyllous pseudobulbs being present. The scape
at present is two-flowered.

L&LIO-cATTLEYA X Issy.— A very richly-coloured hybrid raised in the
same establishment as the preceding from Lelia tenebrosa ? and Cattleya
xX Leopoldi ¢, and most comparable to a very dark form of L.-c. X
elegans, especially in the characteristic shape. The sepals and petals are
undulate and rich, bronzy purple-brown, and the front lobe, disc, and apex of
the side lobes of the lip intense crimson-purple. It will evidently develop
into a fine thing when the plant becomes strong, the present single-flowered
scape being only a first attempt.

CaTTLEYA X CHAMBERLAINIANA.—Although raised many years ago by
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons—it flowered for the first time in 1881—this
handsome Cattleya has remained very rare down to the present time. A
two-flowered spike has just been sent from the collection of Sir James
Miller, Bart., Manderston, Duns, N.B., by Mr. Hamilton. Its parents are
C. Leopoldi and C. Dowiana aurea, whose characters it well combines. It
is most like the former in shape, but larger, with the sepals and petals less
spreading, and of a remarkable warm brown tint, which contrasts effectively
with the rich crimson-purple lip. It is a striking thing.

Ce ae ae

304 LHE ORCHID REVIEW.

LAELIO-CATTLEYA x BINOTI.

Last November the above interesting natural hybrid was described by
Prof. Cogniaux (Gard. Chron., 1890, xxviii., p. 370), as follows :—

“L#LIO-CATTLEYA X BINOTI, Cogn., hybr. nat. nov.—At the end of
last October I received from M. A. A. Peeters, nurseryman, of St. Gilles,
Brussels, a curious Orchid found among a consignment of Cattleya bicolor
sent from Brazil by M. P. Binot, of Petropolis. At first we thought this
plant merely a form of C. bicolor with purplish-rose flowers ; but a detailed
examination showed that it differed from it in numerous points, of which
the following are the principal: — Pseudobulbs diphyllous, or some-
times monophyllous, not exceeding four to six inches in length, with only
from one to three joints; leaves pointed; peduncle very short and
uniflorous ;_ petals with margins very slightly waved ; lip with the charac-
teristic form of that of C. bicolor, but less thick, and more erect,
furnished at the base with two small, rounded lobes, enfolding the base
of the column, the terminal lobe almost flat, and entire at the summit,
and above all, eight pollen masses, very unequal in size, characteristic
of a Lelio-cattleya. This is, then, a hybrid, and one of the parents
parents is certainly C. bicolor; the other must be a Lelia exhibiting the
above-mentioned characteristics—very probably some form or other of L.
pumila. The lip is clear orange-yellow at the extreme base, with small
lateral lobes, white scarcely tinged with rose ; all the rest a bright crimson
purple, excepting the part near the slope of the summit, which is paler.”

An artificially raised hybrid having similar characters has now flowered
in the collection of the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, m.p., Highbury,
Birmingham. It was purchased from Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., though
not with this recorded parentage. It is a very pretty little hybrid, and
might almost be described asa bright purple Cattleya bicolor with the
addition of a pair of small, roundish, yellowish-white side lobes to the lip,
so much does it conform to the general shape of that species. There are,
however, four small additional pollen-masses which, together with the
dwarfed habit and modified texture of the flower, indicate Lelia pumila as
the other parent. The petals are at present just under 2 inches long by
~ inches broad, their colour with that of the sepals being bright mauve-
purple, while the lip is rich purple-crimson right to the base, with the
exception of the small, yellowish-white side lobes. AlthoughI have not
seen a flower of the preceding, it is quite evident that both were derived
from the same parentage, so that it adds another to the list of natural
hybrids which have also been raised artificially.

R. A. ROLFE.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 305

PAPHIOPEDILUM x ROLFEI.

ALLUSION was made at page 287 of our last issue to the flowering of this
interesting hybrid in the collection of W. M. Appleton, Esq., of Weston-
super-Mare, and of its appearance at the R. H. S. Meeting on August 27th,
when it received an Award of Merit. A photograph of the flower was taken
by Mr. H. J. Chapman, and kindly forwarded for reproduction in our pages.
Mr. Chapman recalls the doubt expressed about the parentage of the
plant exhibited a few years ago (to which allusion was also made last

Fic. 46. PAPHIOPEDILUM X ROLFEI.

month), and remarks that there is not the slightest doubt about the
present example, as the characters are so intermediate, and that this
is especially well marked in the foliage—a character which we are not
able to show. As to the flower, the shape and markings may be left
to speak for themselves, and the colour Mr. Chapman describes as creamy
white throughout, with the markings on the sepals and petals deep brown,
and the spotting of the lip rose-purple, with a suffusion of rose in front.

306 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The influence of P. Rothschildianum is unmistakable on this occasion,
while the modified shape and the spotting on the lip are as clearly traceable
to P. bellatulum. The photograph was taken exact size, but it is probable
that the flowers will become larger when the plant becomes stronger, when
also the hybrid may be expected to show the racemose character of
P. Rothschildianum. It is a very interesting hybrid.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR OCTOBER.

By H. A. BURBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.
Tuts month is, I always think, a most enjoyable one to the Orchidist. His
labour of the past half year now becomes apparent. It is his harvest, so
to speak, and the better and the more judiciously he has worked, so also
will be the results attained. The plants should now have completely over-
come the momentary checks caused by divisions, repotting, &c., and be
well provided with vigorous new roots, and in order to make one cheerful
he has only to note day by day—and it is impossible for a lover of Orchids
not to do so—the effect of all this upon his plants. Even on those species
that have finished up their pseudobulbs for a considerable time, and are now
more or less ripened up, new roots will still bristie and thread their way,
making as it were a tufted mat on the surface of the fresh new compost;
whilst those new pseudobulbs that are now forming, or have recently done
so, will be observed to broaden and fill up rapidly, assuming proportions
second to none of their ancestors in size and substance. These are signs
of past good work and of present healthy conditions.

The following table of temperatures may now be of some assistance as
a guide, but it need not be too strictly adhered to. One must be guided
principally by the reigning conditions of the weather and allow a rise or fall
of from 5° to 10° as the elements dictate.

CooL OR ODONTOGLOssuM HovusE:—Day, 60°, night, 55°, morning,
50°. Fire heat here during the night will now again be pretty frequently
needed, and also during the daytime should the weather be very cold and
dull. It is best to have a gentle warmth in the pipes, if only for a few hours,
so that reasonable ventilation may still go on. Much harm will be done to
Odontoglossums if fire heat is employed excessively—they will not stand it.
Have enough only to maintain a steady and regular temperature of from
50° to 60° with ventilation. This will be found to be by far the best
temperature throughout the winter months. Odontoglossums grow none
the better, but rather worse, if subjected to a very low winter temperature.
Those among them having made up their bulbs should be given a rest by
keeping them much dryer than others in full growth. Do not, howevel
dry to excess any that are in the midst of growth. Moderation with this

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 307

class of Orchid the whole year round is the safest and best course. Flower
spikes will now gradually begin to appear on the most forward to mature
their bulbs, but this fact need Make no difference whatever to their treat-
ment. The spikes will move slowly but surely, and are better if not in
bloom until the new year. Do not let weakly or undersized pseudobulbs
bloom, small spikes are nothing to look at, but are tremendous obstacles in
the way of plants ever becoming strong. Damp down once or twice daily
according to the amount of fire heat necessary. If no fire, no damping.

INTERMEDIATE, MEXICAN, of CATTLEYA Housres:—Day, 65° to 70°,
night, 65°, morning, 60°.

East Inp1an House or STOVE :—Day, 75°, night, 70°, morning, 65°.

Regarding damping and the ventilation of the above departments a few
words may here be said. Probably there is no other month throughout the
year when less water is required for damping-down purposes. This arises
from the following reasons. First, the great majority of plants have now
completed their growth and others are fast approaching that state, they
therefore require, not only less water direct, but a much less humid atmos-
phere. Others, too, having no apparent Season of rest require less moisture,
so that the new growth is somewhat hardened before the rigours of winter
set in. Secondly, to secure the above desirable conditions of hardening a
good deal of fresh air should be admitted. This outside air is at this season
quite naturally pretty heavily charged with moisture, and therefore does not
absorb the same from the interior of the house which certainly it does
during the hot summer months. And, thirdly, only a small amount of
artificial heat in the pipes is yet necessary, so that the atmosphere within
cannot possibly become unduly dry or impoverished, like it can, for instance,
during the winter, in times of severe frosts, or in summer, in hot, dry
weather. It will therefore be seen that not nearly so much damping is now
necessary as in either of the above instances; it may be required once a day
or not at all, and the weather must be the sole guide.

CALANTHES.—The deciduous Calanthes will now be pushing their flower
spikes to bloom during the mid-winter Months. There are a good many
hybrids of these now in cultivation, varying more or less in depth of colour
and time of flowering. C. x Veitchii still holds its own, and upon this we
still rely for the backbone of the great floral display given by the genus in
due season. Great numbers of this beautiful hybrid from C. rosea and C.
vestita rubro-oculata have beeM raised since the late Mr. Dominy first
reared this deservedly famous cross, and naturally some varieties are of a
higher standard than others. Many secondary hybrids have also been
obtained through crossing C. X Veitchii with others of the vestita group
and beautiful things many of them are. This section will now gradually
cast their foliage, and must be watered with great moderation until the

308 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

blooming period, and still occupy a warm house. Another section of these
which follow on and bloom during early spring are C. Regnieri, C. Turneri
nivalis, and hybrids originating from them. They are much later before
losing their foliage and consequently the treatment must be varied
accordingly.

The evergreen section of Calanthes seems to be much less grown nowa-
days than they used to be. True from a showy or floral point of view they
can scarcely ever attain to the high position of the deciduous kinds; still
there is something noble in the healthy foliage and tall, stout, densely
racemose, erect spikes, and finely grown specimens of C. veratrifolia, C.
Masuca, C. X Dominii, or C. X Rollisoni, are worthy objects for the inter-
mediate department. Leaf soil and fibrous loam forms a capital medium
in which to grow them.

L&LIA ANCEPs varieties, together with L. albida, and L. autumnalis, are
now throwing up spikes and fast approaching their blooming season. Earlier
in the season I recommend copious overhead syringing for these once or
twice daily, but it is well to be more careful now, doing so only on warm
and sunny occasions.

We shall still find during this as well as last month a considerable num-
ber of plants really the better for a little extra trouble bestowed upon them.
The greater number of any particular species—say Cattleya Mossi or
Odontoglossum citrosmum, for instance—are already in a forward and
proper stage of growth, still there may be one or two greatly behind, and
these should be treated more liberally with moisture and warmth, if that be
possible—even if the second house is not available, much can be done by
selecting positions. In every house there is generally one part that keeps
warmer than the other. Late plants should occupy that part, together with
ethers which naturally grow during the winter, such as Lelia purpurata,
L. tenebrosa, L. crispa, Miltonias, &c.

ONCIDIUM TIGRINUM is now preparing to make a show in November.
Like all Orchids, the less it blooms, the stronger it grows, but this species
has peculiar habit in this direction. Most species invariably throw spikes
when the pseudobulbs are of a maximum size, but this one frequently fails
then, but on weakly plants, with small, spindly growths, the flower spikes
usually appear, but needless to say they should be nipped off. Like a goo
many other species of the same genus, the production of a vigorous flowet
spike or two has hitherto been the forerunner of collapse, sure and certain,
but I hope that a better order of things is in store now that old tree leaves
seem to suit them so well for a rooting medium, coupled with a better idea
of the long and complete rest required.

Lear-MovuLp.—In a former Calendar I mentioned tree leaves, oak and
beech preferable to others, in a half decayed or flaky condition, as bens

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 309

likely ia the near future to supersede all other materials in which to grow
Orchids. Iam still inclined to this way of thinking, having this season
given it a wide and varied trial. All kinds of Orchids have been tried;
some have certainly done better than in the ordinary mixture of peat and
moss, whilst others have succeeded equally well. The former include
Odontoglossums, Oncidiums, Miltonias, Cypripediums, and similar kinds ;
the latter, Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, Angrecums, Aerides, and such kinds.
I can therefore further recommend growers to try it for themselves, a few
plants, at the time when repotting again is necessary. Get the pure leaves
collected this autumn and stacked separately in a heap by themselves—in
the open, of course—in spring they should then rub up a bit smaller and be
ready for use. It is not necessary to use anything with them, and certainly
not soil for the majority of Orchids. Use fewer crocks as drainage, and
always surface with a good layer of clean sphagnum moss.

HYBRID LYCASTES.

Ir the remarkable Epiphronitis x Veitchii could have appeared as a natural
hybrid one wouldscarcely have guessed its origin. Its resemblance to Sophro-
nitis grandiflora is remote, and only traced with difficulty, yet we know that
it is actually a hybrid seedling from it. Ofcourse the pollen parent, Epiden-
drum radicans, grows in a totally different region, and the only object of the
remark is to indicate one of the difficulties that may be met with in the
study of natural hybrids. Reichenbach thought that Lycaste Smeeana
might by a natural hybrid between L. Skinneri and L. Deppei, but after
seeing the plant from several different sources, including the original one, [
felt doubtful about its origin, and had a suspicion that it might not be a
natural hybrid at all, adding :—‘‘ Further evidence is required” (supra,
p- 101). Additional material is now, fortunately, forthcoming, and in the
hope of clearing up the doubtful point I have again gone through the whole
of the Guatemalan species, and with some interesting results.

Mr. R. Eichel, Eldwick, Bingley, has sent to Kew for determination the
flower of a plant said to have “appeared amongst an importation of L.
Skinneri,” and it is noted that ‘‘the bulbs are very distinct, and short, like
those of L. Deppei; the foliage also resembles the variety named.” Messrs.
F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, also send a flower of what is ‘‘ supposed to be
Lycaste Smeeana,” together with a flower of L. Skinneri for comparison.

The first mentioned flower evidently belongs to L. x hybrida. The
sepals are broad, light rose above and spotted with white below ; the petals
bear lines of numerous purple dots; the front lobe of the lip is regularly
spotted with purple on a white ground, but with the narrow Deppei shape ;

310 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

while the numerous dots on the side lobes are also arranged in lines. The
face of the column is hairy and spotted with crimson, while the disc of the
lip is also somewhat hairy, as in L. Skinneri.

The second flower belongs to L. Smeeana, and has white sepals and
petals, the latter bearing innumerable rose-purple dots, chiefly towards the
base, the front lobe of the lip nearly suffused with crimson-purple at the
sides and bearing lines of densely arranged dots along the centre, the sides
lobes more faintly dotted, except near the apex, where they are dark and
numerous ; the crest white, and the hairy face of the column heavily marked
with crimson below and dotted about the middle. Further comparison only
emphasises the distinctness of this plant from the preceding, but it also
suggests a new idea as to itsorigin. I cannot find any single character that
can be traced to the influence of L. Deppei, but the modifications from L.
Skinneri all seem to be in direction of L. tricolor, of Klotzsch, and this, I
think, must have been the mysterious second parent. This species was dis-
covered on the volcano of Chiriqui in 1849, by Warscewicz, and is rare in
cultivation. It would be interesting if some one would cross these two
species together and let us know the result.

It should be mentioned here that the plant from M. Vanimschoot men-
tioned under L. Smeeana, at page 101, belongs to L. X Lucianiana, a fact
overlooked until afterwards.

A difficulty one meets with in the study of these natural hybrids is our
very imperfect knowledge of the geographical area of some of the species.
L. Deppei is known to be a native of South Mexico, L. Skinneri of
Guatemala and the adjourning state of Honduras, yet it is almost certain
that their areas somewhat overlap, for the so-called L. Deppet
punctatissima (L. X hybrida) is said to have been received from Guatemala
with L. Deppei, and the occurrence of a bona fide natural hybrid between
any two species is prima facie evidence that they grow together. And if
my suggestion about L. X Smeeana is correct, L. tricolor must also grow
somewhere with L. Skinneri. It was discovered-on the Chiriqui Volcano,
at 7,000 to 8,000 feet elevation, by Warscewicz, and I have also found 4
record “‘ Guatemala,” though I cannot see precisely on what record it is
based. The only strictly localized record of L. Skinneri that I find is Alta
Verapaz, in the Coban Department, Guatemala, at 4,500 feet elevation,
where it was collected bp Turckheim. But we have now strong grounds for
suspecting that the areas of the two species overlap. If anyone is in the
possession of definite information on these important points I hope he will
not fail to communicate it, for these problems are worth clearing up, 4
Lycaste is not the only genus in which similar geographical difficulties are
found. R. A. ROLFE.

.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 311

LAELIO-CATTLEYA x LEEANA.

A Most interesting plant has just flowered in the collection of the Right
Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.p., which I feared had been completely lost
sight of, namely the natural hybrid, Lelia x Leeana, Rchb. f. Altogether
I transferred it to Lelio-cattleya many years ago, the absence of a flower
and some doubt about its actual parentage prevented its history being
cleared up until now. It was described by Reichenbach in 1882 (Gard.
Chron., 1882, xvii, p. 492), as follows :—

“ Laria X LEEANA, n.hybr. (?).—A fine thing. At first sight I thought
of Lelia and Cattleya Dormaniana; but both the short rather tumid
_ furrowed shining bulb, and the flat spreading flower colours suggested
Cattleya superba, while the column top made me think of Lelia pumila.
As to the perfume, which is rather powerful in Cattleya superba, I cannot
speak about it in this novelty, the weather being very cold, and the perfume
of flowers being subject to changes from time of the day, age of the flower,
and individuality. My flower is rather scentless. I have no experience,
however, of the two mentioned species growing together, and if any of the
readers of these columns could give some evidence about this, it might
prove very useful. The stellate rather narrow sepals and petals are ofa fine
rose colour, as in a very fine Cattleya Harrisoniana. The lip is of the
purest white, the tips of the lateral lacinie, which lie on the broad obcordate
middle lacinia, are of the finest and warmest purple. There are veins of the
same colour running forwards under acute angles on both sides of the
middle line between the lateral lacinia, but they do not extend far. The
column has purple ears, a fine purple border to the stigmatic hollow, and a
like more pallid wash at the inner base. Pollinia four, with an emarginate
back, showing two bodies cohering, and the candicula cohering on bot
sides. Though it is said to have lost its original beauty, after having
flowered nearly three weeks, I am very satisfied with it, and think it a
novelty. The piéce de resistance, indeed, is the lip. I feel very pleased to
inscribe the plant to one of the most excellent Orchidists of our era, the
lucky possessor, Mr. W. Lee, Downside, Leatherhead. May this gentle-
men never be infected by that abominable contagious disease, the Orchido-
phobia.”

It is interesting to be able to clear up these doubtful points. The present
flower agrees well with the description except that the side lobes are not
white, but outside of nearly the same rosy shade as the sepals and petals,
nor should I describe the flower as stellate, seeing that the petals are four-
teen lines broad. But why Reichenbach should have invoked the aid of
Cattleya superba, which does not grow in the same district as Lelia pumila,
to explain the origin of his plant is not clear, especially as a plant which

312 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

does grow in the district would have done equally well. I fail to trace
any of the characters of C. superba, but C. Loddigesii is written large all
over the flower. The shape and colour are just what would be expected
from a cross—one does not expect to find the characters of any parent
handed on unmodified—and on spreading the lip open the pale yellow
colour and arrangement of the nerves so characteristic of C. Loddigesii are
unmistakable. The dwarfed habit of the plant, the sometimes mono-
phyllous pseudobulbs, the four additional pollinia (now normally developed),
and the rich purple of the front lobe of the lip, are especially eloquent
about Lelia pumila. And the problem may be attacked by another
method, as fortunately artificially raised hybrids from the two species are
in existence, and a comparison between them leaves no doubt that all are
derived from the same two species. L. pumila 2 crossed with C. Loddigesii
by M. Ch. Maron, produced Lelio-cattleya x blesensis (Will. Orch. Alb.,
Xi, t. 519, syn. Cattleya x blesensis, Rev. Hort., 1893, p. 424, with plate),
and C. Loddigesii ? crossed with L. pumila 3 by M. Perrenond, yielded
L.-c. X Vedasti, Orchidophile, 1891, p. 48, with plate), and must now rank
as forms of this interesting natural hybrid which has for so long remained
imperfectly known.
R. A. ROLFE.

L/ZELIA GRANDIFLORA ALBA.

WHEN giving the history of this plant at page 202 it was remarked :— “‘ The
white variety is very rare, if indeed it exists in Europe.’”’ We have since
found an earlier record of the variety, though, unfortunately, it does not
clear up the doubtful point. At all events Reichenbach wrote the following
note in 1880 (Gard. Chron., 1880, Xiv., p. 588). What ultimately became of
the plant we do not know.

“ LALIA MAJALIS ALBA.—Mr. Petrasch, one of the numerous Roezlian
nephews, has had the good fortune to gather a white form of Lelia majalis.
Ifthe plant should come into the hands of anyone who can manage the shy
flowers, then we may have cause to well satisfied. Generally, one thinks
that ventilation constitutes the secret of flowering this shy plant; it may be
so, but I have no doubt that intensity of light is the one other requisite. i
have seen beautiful flowers of a grand expansion only in England. I
remember the glorious flowers seen in the Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea.
Yet all those flowers had the most pallid colouring. My native grown dried
flowers, though collected nearly forty years ago, show much brighter colour.
Thus, I am afraid, this is one of those species which offer to New York an
Paris growers the uncommon opportunity of beating their English confréres.”

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 313
ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM STEVENSII.

THIS superb variety appeared in the collection of the Duke of Sutherland,
at Trentham, and was exhibited at a meeting of the Royal Horticural
Society on March 14th, 1882, when it recived a First-class Certificate. The
Gardener's Chronicle report of that meeting (1882, xvii., p. 378) records it as
follows :—‘‘ Odontoglossum crispum var. Stevensii, from Mr. Stevens,
Trentham, a form with flowers measuring 3 inches across; sepals
oblong-lanceolate, petals of the same form but waved at the edges, heavily
barred and spotted with brown; lip oblong, spotted, with a clear yellow

Fic. 47. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM STEVENSII.

disc.” It was afterwards figured in the Orchid Album (iii., t. 127), as O.
Alexandre Stevensii, when it was remarked, ‘‘the sepals and petals are
white heavily spotted and blotched with pale sienna brown, and
the lip is white, having a large blotch of the same colour on the
anterior part, and numerous smaller spots towards the base, where the
yellow disc is prominent and adds life to the colouring.” It was probably
exhibited under the latter name, being so marked in the list of R. H. S,

314 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

awards. The plant, or part of it, afterwards passed into the collection of Baron
Schréder, and the following very interesting account of its progress appeared
in 1889 (Rolfe in Gard. Chron., 1889, v., p. 490):—‘‘A fine raceme of
this very beautiful variety, kindly sent for preservation by Baron Schréder,
of The Dell, Egham, Surrey, through Messrs. Veitch & Sons, well illus-
trates the improvement wrought by skilfulcultivation in many Orchids. The
raceme bears twenty flowers, which measure 4 inches from tip to tip of
the petals, and 43 inches from tip of dorsal sepal to the tip of either of the
lateral ones. Such massive and well developed flowers reflect great credit
on the skill of the gardener in whose charge the plant is. There is said to
be a certain amount of variation in the number of spots from year to year.”
Our figure represents a flower from Baron Schréder’s plant, the photograph
having been taken at a subsequent period, and kindly forwarded to us by
Mr. G. I’Anson, Bush Hill Park.

LALIA DIGBYANA AS A SEED-PARENT.
ON page 13 of the present volume some remarks are made upon Lelia Digby-
ana as a seed-parent, which would lead one to suppose that it is a difficult
matter to raise seedlings of it. Having two good capsules of it fertilized by
Cattleya Warscewiczii and C. Mossie, which, in June, both showed signs
of ripening by cracking, the seeds were sown upon several hanging pans in
which other Orchids were growing. We can now see seeds of both crosses
germinating and forming their first and second leaves. As a seed-parent
we have not found Lelia Digbyana as prolific as when used as the pollen
parent. I think the above may interest your readers.
JAMES GODFREY,

Ludlow. (Gardener to Dr. C. B. Cranstoun).

[A very interesting confirmation of the facts previously recorded, which
was that the raising of seedlings of Lelia Digbyana is not so difficult as
sometimes supposed. It is interesting to mention in this connection that
when Cattleyas and Leelias are fertilized with the pollen of Sophronitis
grandiflora the fertile seeds are mostly found at the apex of the capsule, and
have a brownish tinge, while those at the other end are white and fluffy, and
contain no embryos. Divide such a capsule longitudinally when ripe, and
a sharp dividing line may sometimes be seen, beyond which the pollen tubes
have not reached, and consequently the ovules have not been fertilized.
The fertile portion may be removed and sown, neglecting the remainder.
This is just what Mr. Black observed in the case of Lelia Digbyana, and in
each case the peculiarity may be traced to the relative length of the column
and ovary of one parent as compared with that of the pollen tubes of the
other.—Ep.].

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 315

SOCIETIES.
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.
A MEETING of the above Society was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham
Gate, Westminster, on September roth, when the Orchid exhibits were not
very numerous, no groups being staged. The members of the Orchid
Committee present were :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. T.
W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, De B. Crawshay, J. G. Fowler, E.
Hill, H. M. Pollett, J. W. Potter, W. H. Young, W. H. White, and J.
O’Brien (Hon. Sec.).

J. T. Bennet-Poé, Esq., Holmewood, Cheshunt (gr. Mr. Downes),
showed a fine example of a plant called Epidendrum purum, for which a
Botanical Certificate was awarded. It is, however, E. lanipes, Lindl.; and
its history is given on another page.

De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Stables), showed
cut spikes of Miltonia Regnellii citrina, and a plant called M. x Crawshay-
ana, labelled as a supposed natural hybrid between the last named and
M. Clowesii. From an account on another page it will be seen that it is a
form of M. X Binoti, a natural hybrid between M. Regnellii and M.
candida.

A. S. Smith, Esq., Silvermere, Cobham, showed Leelio-cattleya xX
Zephyra (L. xanthina X C. Mendelii).

J. G. Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, South Woodford (gr. Mr. Davis),
showed Lzlio-cattleya x Nysa, and a few good forms of L.-c X elegans.

W. Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge- Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), showed
flowers of two hybrid Cypripediums.

Mr. T. Rochford, Turnford Hall Nurseries, Broxbourne, exhibited Catt-
leya x Hardyana Rochfordiana, which received a First-class Certificate.
This is a very handsome form, having creamy-white sepals slightly flushed
with rose, very large white petals faintly freckled with rose near the tips,
and a broad, undulate, purplish-crimson lip, veined throughout with bright
yellow.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, showed two fine
hybrids, both of which received Awards of Merit. Sophrolelia x Grat-
rixiz (L. tenebrosa Charlesworthii x S. grandiflora) is intermediate both
in shape and colour between its two parents. The flower is brilliant
purplish-red in colour, the sepals and petals being tinged with orange, and
the lip lined and suffused with dark claret. The plant is a small one,
flowering for the first time, and should develop into a sterling thing. Catt-
leya X Germania (granulosa Schofieldiana X Hardyana) has an exception-
ally fine flower, fairly intermediate in character. The broad sepals and
petals are cream white in colour, tinged with rich mauve, and the lip is

316 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

strongly three-lobed, with the side lobes light rose in colour and the front
lobes purple.

A SECOND meeting was held on September 24th, and on this occasion there
was a very fine show of Orchids. There were present of the Orchid Com-
mittee :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. H. Ballantine, W. A.
Bilney, H. J. Chapman, W. Cobb, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas, E. Hill,
H. Little, J. W. Odell, H. M. Pollett, J. W. Potter, H. A. Tracy, W. H.
White, W. H. Young, and J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.).

Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Chapman), showed a
magnificent group, which was most effectively arranged with small Kentia
palms and other light foliage plants. It contained a fine series of Dendro-
bium Phalzenopsis forms, ranging from blush-white to rose and purple, over
one hundred and fifty fine sprays being present. In the front were several
small groups of Cypripedium Charlesworthii, Lelia pumila, Dendrobium
formosum, &c. A Gold Medal was awarded.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), staged a
fine group, for which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained a
fine specimen of Maxillaria striata grandiflora, Cycnoches chlorochilon,
Habenaria militaris, a finely-flowered example of Promenza stapelioides,
Cypripedium x Helvetia, C. x Morganie, C. xX T. B. Haywood,
Warscewiczella marginata, Dendrobium glomeratum, and others. Lelio-
cattleya x prestans-bicolor (L. pumila prestans X C. bicolor) received an
Award of Merit. This is a form of L.-c. x Binoti, whose history is given
on another page. Botanical Certificates were awarded to Odontoglossum
Wallisii and O. bictoniense album. A similar award was given to Mor-
modes Oberlanderianum, a rare species, having yellowish sepals and petals
and a cream white lip, and ail these organs more or less spotted with purple.
Cypripedium X cenanthum, bearing twenty-five flowers, received a Cultural
Commendation.

W. Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), showed
Cypripedium X Evenor superbum.

M. S. Cooke, Esq., Tankerville, Kingston Hill (gr. Mr. Buckill), sent a
good form of Odontoglossum X mulus, with unusually broad segments.

D. M. Grimsdale, Esq., Kent Lodge, Uxbridge, showed six good
examples of Oncidium Forbesii.

Sir W. Marriott, Bart., Down House, Blandford (gr. Mr. Denny),
exhibited an unnamed hybrid Cattleya (Gaskelliana x Eldorado) and Lelio-
cattleya x Atalanta (L.-c. x elegans X C. Warscewiczii).

J. S. Moss, Esq., Bishop’s Waltham (gr. Mr. Kench), sent a form of
eya Gaskelliana with some orange lip-like markings on the lateral
sepals.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 317

T. W. Thornton, Esq., Brockhall, Weedon, sent cut examples of Catt-
leya Leopoldi, Lelio-cattleya x Berthe Fournier (C. Dowiana aurea X
L.-c. x elegans) and L.-c. x Ella (L. grandis x C. intermedia).

M. Ch. Maron, Brunoy, France, showed Leelio-cattleya x Madame
Chas. Maron (L. Digbyana x C. Warscewiczii imperialis), a very fine
hybrid, which received a First-class Certificate. The flower was very large,
light purple-rose in colour, with a large greenish-yellow disc to the lip,
which was heavily fringed.

Messrs. Stanley Ashton & Co., Chase Side, Southgate, were awarded a
First-class Certificate for Cattleya Lueddemanniana Stanleyi, having a
beautiful white flower of fine shape, with the disc of the lip yellow and
the front lobe lined with purple.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, received a Silver Flora
Medal for a fine group, containing Cypripedium X Lucie (Lawrenceanum
x ciliolare), C. X Nandii (niveum X callosum), C. x Charles Canham, C-
purpuratum, Cattleya Loddigesii, C. Gaskelliana alba, C. x Minucia Ash-
toni, Lzlio-cattleya x callistoglossa, L.-c. X Epicasta, Odontoglossum:
grande, Oncidium ornithorhynchum, O. Papilio, and Miltonia Regnellii
citrina.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, showed Lelio-cattleya
x Haroldiana (L. tenebrosa X C. Hardyana) and three other fine hybrids.
An Award of Merit was given to L.-c. X Galatea (L. Dayana X C. granu-
losa Schofieldiana), a pretty flower having the sepals and petals light purple
in colour, and the lip pale rose at the base, with the tips of the side lobes.
and the front lobe dark purple. A similar award went to Cattleya X
flavescens (Forbesii X Dowiana aurea), a handsome thing, having yellow
flowers tinged with pink, and the disc of the lip a deep orange spotted with
purple-red in the centre. A third Award of Merit was given to Cattleya x
Iris (bicolor X Dowiana aurea), a handsome flower having the sepals and
petals green, tinged with bronze, the short side lobes of the lip blush-
white, and the front lobe bright rose-purple.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed Lzlio-cattleya x
bletchleyensis Rorania (L. tenebrosa xX C. Warscewiczii), a large flower,
having the sepals and petals white tinged with rose, and the lip purple.

Mr. James Douglas, Edenside, Great Bookham, sent Cypripedium xX
Clytie (Stonei X caudatum) with whitish flowers, the petals spotted with
purple, and the upper sepal striped. The lip was suffused with purple.
Cc. x Youngianum superbum was also sent.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
A MEETING was held on September 5th, when there was a fair display of
Orchids.

318 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

S. Gratrix, Esq., West Point, Whalley Range, (gr. Mr. Cypher),
exhibited the handsome Cattleya x Chamberlainiana, which received a
First-class Certificate, Lzelio-cattleya x New Century (Cattleya velutina x
Lelia elegans) which received an Award of Merit; Cypripedium xX Mrs.
Chas. Canham (Award of Merit), and a good form of Cypripedium xX
Maudiz.

O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), sent Brassia
Wrayz, Cypripedium Spicerianum magnificum (Award of Merit), and a
hybrid Cypripedium derived from C. tonsum X Lawrenceanum (Award of
Merit).

Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Bank House, Accrington (gr. M. Wilkinson), sent a
hybrid Cattleya bicolor X gigas, a fine thing, which received an Award of
Merit, Cypripedium x Milo, C. xX Maudie, and C. tonsum X cenanthum
superbum.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), exhibited a
hybrid between Cypripedium philippinense and C. Rothschildianum.

Mr. W. Holmes, Timperley, exhibited Cypripedium insigne aureum.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, received a First-class
Certificate for Cattleya x Hardyana Charlesworth’s var. Other plants
exhibited were Miltonia x Peetersiana, Cattleya Xx intricata maculata,
Oncidium incuryum album, O. ornithorhynchum, and Cypripedium xX Sir
Redvers Buller.

EPIDENDRUM LANIPES.

AN Epidendrum from the collection of J. T. Bennett-Poe, Esq., Holmewood,
Cheshunt, was awarded a Botanical Certificate by the Orchid Committee of
the R. H. S. on September roth, under the name of E. purum (Gard. Chron.,
I9OI, Xxx., p. 210), but an inspection of the inflorescence shows that it
belongs to the allied E. lanipes. The two species are very easily
distinguished, as E. purum, Lindl., has the pedicel and ovary glabrous,
while in E. lanipes, Lindl., these organs are more or less copiously covered
with a cottony or woolly tomentum. E. lanipes was described by Lindley,
in 1853 (Fol. Orch., Epidendr., p- 91), from dried specimens collected by
Matthews at Chachapoya, in Peru, the author remarking :—‘‘ Flowers
apparently yellow, in a panicle nine inches long, and as much broad. The
woolly ovary is quite peculiar.” It was afterwards collected on old trees at
“ Chailla,” by Pearce, who noted the flower as “white.” It is a little
uncertain when it was first introduced to cultivation, but it flowered with
Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, in February, 1890, with
Messrs. Linden, of Brussels, in the following August, and with Messrs.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 319

John Cowan & Co., of Gateacre, in March, 1890, the habitats given being
respectively United States of Columbia, Venezuela, and Santander, in
Columbia, from which, in would appear to have a rather wide distribution.
It is very floriferous, and, when well grown, is a very graceful plant.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during October, on the 15th and
2gth respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour,
12 o’clock noon.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold meet-
ings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on Friday, October 11th, and
Thursday, October 24th. The Orchid Committee meets at 12 o’clock noon,
and the exhibits are open to inspection from 1 to 3 p.m.

‘‘N.B. Members are requested to state parentages of all hybrid Orchids
submitted for adjudication when possible, otherwise they are liable to
disqualification.”

A paper on the “ Culture of Calanthes” is to be read at a meeting of the
Cardiff Gardeners’ Association, on November 12th next, by Mr. Sharratt,
representative of the Newport Gardeners’ Association, and ancther on
“‘ Orchids,” on January 21st, 1902, by Mr. Lee, representative of the Bristol

Gardeners’ Mutual Improvement Association.

Another part of Messrs. Cogniaux and Goossens’ Dictionnaire Icono-
graphique des Orchidées has just reached us, and contains the following
plates:— Aérides Vandarum, Rchb. f.; Angraecum stylosum, Rolfe ;
Ansellia confusa, N. E. Br.; A. gigantea, Rchb. f.; Cattleya Trianz var.
Schreedere alba; Cypripedium x Youngie, Hort.; Dendrobium
transparens, Wall.; Epidendrum fragrans, Sw. ; Lelio-cattleya xX
Imperatrice de Russie ; Masdevallia Schroeederiana, Hort. ; Odontoglossum
x Adriane, L. Lind.; O. x A. var. André, and O. x A. var. Queen
Alexandra. In the corresponding number of the Chronique Orchidéene is a
short article by M. Otto Ballif on Cattleya chocoensis, but the name is
changed to C. caucaensis, in accordance with a note by M. Roezl that the
plant does not grow in Choco at all, but in the state of Cauca, and there-
fore the name is misleading. But now that the plant has been identified
with the older C. quadricolor, Lindl., there is no need for the change of
name. A complete history of the plant may be found at p. 145 of our sixth
volume, together with a figure.

320 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

An illustration of the Lelio-cattleya x elegans house at The Wood-
lands, Streatham, is given in the issue of The Garden, for September 21st
(page 201).

A flower of the pretty little Lzlio-cattleya x Parysatis (C. Bowringiana

x L. pumila) is sent from the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., of
Teignmouth.

ORCHID PORTEAITS.

CATTLEYA yx CALUMMATA VAR. GRIGNANI.—Lindenia, t. 749.

CyYPRIPEDIUM X BRUXELLENSE.—Lindenia, t. 751

CYPRIPEDIUM EXUL VAR. AURANTIACUM.—Lindemia, t. 746.

EpIDENDRUM OSMANTHUM, Rodr.—Bot. Mag., t. 7792.

L&LIA HARPOPHYLLA.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii., p. 283, with fig

LA@LIO-CATTLEYA X DIGBYANO-MENDELI, VEITCH’S VAR. — Gard.
Chron., 1901, Xxx., pp. 204, 207, fig. 63; Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii., pp. 237;
239, with fig.; Gard. Mag., 1901, pp. 594, 597, with fig.

L2%LIO-CATTLEYA X PRINGIERSI.—Lindenia., t. 750

OponToGLossumM Hatim Epwarp VII.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p- 630, |
with fig.

OpontocLossum xX LEEANUM.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii., p. 193, with

O CIDIUM LEUCOCHILUM.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii., p. 215, with fig.
ONCIDIUM TIGRINUM VAR. SPLENDIDUM.—Lindenia, t. 747-
ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM VAR. LINDENI.—Lindenia, t. 752.
TRICHOCENTRUM ALBOPURPUREUM.—L indenia, t. 748.

ZYGOPETALUM BURTI VAR. WALLISII.—Lindenta, t. 745.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

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are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily.)

J. G. A fine form of Lelio-cattleya x callistoglossa, we believe:

.W. m lanipes, Odo ak eae x Hiscuennurh (small), Dendrobium
anceps, and Pushigpedsiees at present doubtful

. H. Odontoglossum tripudians, Cymbidium longifolium, and Anguloa eburnea.
E. J.C. Epidendrum ciliare.
B. J. B. Miltonia x castan
: B. Cattleya daddchantand C. Leopoldi, and Brassavola grandiflora.
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Vot. IX.] NOVEMBER, got, [No. 107-

THE

ORCHID REVIEW:

En Sllustrated Monthly Journal,

PEVOT Fe D:< EO - ORCHIDOLOGY.

Contents.

PAGE PAGE

Calendar of Operations for November 342 Odontoglossum maculatum Thompson-
Correspondence, &c. . 2 |.- - ianum (Fig: 49 2a B27
Dendrobium Brymerianum asa & parent 340 | Odontoglossum Pescatorei double eG aD
Dies Orchidi . 321 | Orchid Portraits vr aoe
History of Orchid Cultivation... .-. 330 | Orchids in season Ay By ogee
H . 338 | Orchids, new .... aa es 339
Cattleya X ‘Lady Ingram, 3 Maron’s Aéranthes caudata a 346
var. = gg0 Catasetum quadridens.- 34
Lelio-cattleya x Antigon 1 B80 Cirrhopetalum appendiculatum an 339°
Lzlio-cattleya X labiato- ae ee Dendrobium inzequale, &c. Bn
Hearn et ie x Truffautiana .:. 338 Masdevallia venosa os Sa
Lelia rupestri -se 340 Ornithocephalus multiflorus bs 340.
Tateeaene x “Maron : (Fig. 48) ged. Panisea tricallosa ... : Bee
Lzelio-cattleya x Wilso: a5 soe fost aerate Mahlere ... ec =
Miltonia Hybrids. ..» 348 | Schomburgkia Thomsoniana ... a 3257
Miltonia Warscewiczii wanthina ..« 3328. | Societies,. 34
PIMOS ic. : oe get Manchester and North of “England
Obituary... “a ach ees 346 rc = + 350
Royal Piocticultarsh, a wee 347

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YEITCH’S :
MANUAL OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANT )

CULTIVATED UNDER GLASS IN GREAT BRITAIN.
8.)

(Illustrated with Maps and numerous Engravit:

T's work contains descriptions of all the most important species and varieties in cultivation, their ong ya
Botanical History, Date of Introduction, together with Cultural Notes, &c., & he
as been compiled to supply amateurs and cultivators of exotic Orchids with a fuller account of the | q

principal genera, species, and varieties cultivated under glass than is contained in the Manuals hitherto ae :
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THE ORGHIDOAREVIEW.

VoObe Tt NOVEMBER, toot. [No. 107.

DIES ORCHIDIANI.

THE appointment of a Commission to examine the system of growing
Orchids in leaf-mould is an important event in the Orchid world, and
the report appears in the ‘*May” number of the Journal de la Société
d’ Horticulture de France (pp. 446-449). On account of the importance of
the question, Messrs. Duval et fils, who have adopted the system,
requested the Society to appoint a Commission to visit their establish-
ment and report. The Commission was appointed as follows :—M.
Galpin, President, and Messrs. Belin, Cardoso, Doin, Driger, Gautier,
Graire, Georges Mantin, Opoix, Henri Vacherot, and L. Cappe,
Secretary. The questions submitted were :—Is the new method advan-
tageous ? Should it be recommended ? What are the advantages which
result from it ? The Commission visited Messrs. Duval’s establishment
on May 8th, and their report was presented to the Society on May
23rd. The following is a summary :—

The compost used is not ordinary leaf-mould, obtained by collecting
large quantities of leaves in heaps and allowing them to decay, but is
a sort of humus collected from the upper part of the soil of the forest,
which is found mixed with dead leaves and decaying twigs. This soil
should not be collected indiscriminately ; the cultivator should make
a selection of those portions that are light, soft to the touch, and a
little sandy, if possible. The plants are potted like ordinary palms
or Dracenas. Pots are chosen sufficiently large to accommodate the
plants for several years without being disturbed; that is, to allow
sufficient room for the new growths to develop without getting over the
rim of the pot. A crock is placed over the hole in the pot, and the
plant is then held so that the crown is level with the rim, while the
compost is pressed lightly in, the pot being tapped sharply several

322 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

times on the bench, so as to settle the soil among the roots, and hold
the plant firm. The compost 1s left a little below the rim of the pot,
and this space is then filled with a thin layer of sphagnum, to ensure
a light humidity and facilitate the emission of roots. It may be added,
however, that Messrs. Duval consider the sphagnum superfluous,
because after trial they find that the shoots push as well without it.

Although the new method differs considerably from the existing one,
there is nothing very difficult to understand until we come to the question
of watering. Habituated as we are to the system of saturating our
Orchids with water during the growing season, it is somewhat perplexing
when Messrs. Duval tell us that it is not necessary to water the plants.
A light syringing of each pot maintains a degree of humidity, very moderate
it is true, but sufficient to prevent the soil from becoming dust dry. If the
plants are watered it should be done with great moderation, and instead of
Saturating the whole of the compost, it is sufficient to moisten the upper
part, and the moisture descends along the sides of the pots, where, under
good culture, such a profusion of roots is found. This watering should
always be performed by the same person, who should be able to estimate at
a glance the hygrometric state of the compost in the interior of each pot.
So important is this operation considered by M. Delanghe, the well-known
horticulturist of Brussels, who initiated the system of culture in leaf mould,
that he waters his Orchids himself, only trusting to his own experience as to
the conditions of humidity or dryness which he considers necessary. By
using this compost M. Delanghe has obtained marvellous results, and it is
this which led Messrs. Duval to adopt it, and they have recognized its
superiority by this year repotting the whole of their eleven houses of
Orchids in it.

After giving all these explanations, Messrs. Duval conducted the Com-
mission through all their houses of Orchids, and they appeared so confident
of the success of the system that they commenced by showing us a new
importation of Cattleya labiata which had been potted up on its arrival
directly into this compost. We next saw some Cattleyas which had been
in this compost for several years, and these comprised C. labiata, C. Trianz,
and others which had just finished their period of repose, and which had
not the seductive aspect of plants in full vegetation, as seen in August and
September; but they appeared to us very green and well nourished; and
what excited our curiosity was that each pseudobulb of the previous year
had produced two growths, thus giving promise of a double flowering
next year.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 323

The Odontoglossums appeared to us very happy and very vigorous, each
pseudobulb showing an appreciable advance on the preceding one, and the
number of spikes was equally large and promised an abundant flowering.
Dendrobiums were also very healthy under the treatment. Miltonias
had luxuriant vegetation, especially M. Moreliana, which always has the
leaves and pseudobulbs yellowish, but here was completely green and
glowing with health. But the most astonishing results that we saw were in
the case of Oncidiums, whose pseudobulbs had attained extraordinary
proportions. Cypripediums with marbled leaves, as C. Lawrenceanum, C.
Curtisii, &c., were of astonishing vigour; those with green leaves, as
C. insigne and C. X Leeanum, appeared less vigorous.

At the end of our visit the members of the Commission were agreed
that they obtained sufficiently good results by culture in polypodium,
but it appeared to them that culture in the new compost should be
much more simple, and that the results ought to be obtained with more
facility. Polypodium is very costly in comparison with leaf-mould,
being nearly the same price as ordinary peat. The preparation
of polypodium takes much longer, and the waste is much greater.
Again, when one has put his plants in sufficiently large pots they can
remain several years without being overhauled, and the smaller quantity
of water used tends to prevent the decay of the compost. These results
are not obtainable with polypodium, which requires frequent waterings,
and in consequence results in the decay of the compost in two or three
years. Apropos of this last theme, Messrs. Duval had obtained from
the establishment of M. Delanghe a clump of Cattleya Mossize which
was potted in this compost five years ago (1895), and had not been since
touched. We broke the pot, and were astonished to find that the compost
was quite fresh, and in sufficiently good condition to be used to-day.

Messrs. Duval. estimate, further, that this treatment gives more
vigorous plants, tends to preserve those species which usually decline
in vigour after a period of three to five years, quickens the growth of
choice varieties or delicate species, and facilitates its propagation by:
division with greater safety.

The Commission does not draw definite conclusions from their visit, and
would not advise amateurs of Orchids to throw themselves headlong into
the new culture, as the procedure, being so little in accord with all the
admitted theories up to this date, might prove disastrous. But they do not
wish to condemn the new treatment, especially when they find it extolled
by able practitioners. They recommend experimenting with a small

324 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

number of plants, so as to find out the requirements of the new culture
before adopting it. It is certain that the new culture is possible, because
Messrs. Duval practise it in their large establishment, and the plants grow
and flower to their satisfaction. If this culture becomes general, it will
certainly result in a great economy of time and material.

The members of the Commission, having made their visit when the
plants were beginning to grow, that is, at the period of repotting, desire to
renew their visit when the plants are in full growth. They would then be
better able to judge of the advantages of the new method of culture.

Messrs. Duval requested this Commission with the generous aim of
popularising a new method of culture which seemed to them advantageous,
and the Commission offers them its sincere congratulations and thanks
for the disinterestedness with which they have shown the results of
their experience ; and, with the aim of making the subject better known,
the Commission requests the insertion of its report in the Journal of
the Society.

So much for the Report. I had intended to offer some comments
thereon, but, as my summary has extended to greater length than I

anticipated, these remarks must be deferred.
ARGUS.

L4ELIO-CATTLEYA x WILSONIA.

AT the R. H. S. meeting on October 15th an Award of Merit was given to
a handsome hybrid called Lelio-cattleya X Wilsoniz, from the collection
of Sir Frederick Wigan, whose parentage is recorded as L. Dayana X C.
labiata. The flower drawn by Miss Roberts for the R. H. S. collection of
drawings has now been kindly sent to us by Mr. Chapman, and an examin-
ation raises the question whether the parentage has been correctly recorded,
for it seems to be intermediate between L. pumila and C. Warscewiczii-
The general shape recalls L. pumila, and on the front of the lip is a small,
lilac-coloured area which is quite characteristic of this parent, while we fail
to find any trace of the raised keels of L. Dayana. As to the second
parent, the very richly coloured lip with a yellow, eye-like blotch on each
side of the throat vividly recalls C. Warscewiczii. It should be compared
with L.-c. X epicasta, raised by Messrs. Veitch, which, however, has more
yellow in the throat. The plant was obtained from Messrs. F. Sander
& Co., who, it may be added, exhibited a plant at the R. H. S. meeting
on December 15th, 1899, with the parentage recorded above.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 325

SCHOMBURGKIA THOMSONIANA.

AT the R. H. S. meeting held on July 2nd last, an Award of Merit was
given to Schomburgkia Thomsoniana from the coilection of Sir Trevor
Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking. Itis a rare species, hitherto imperfectly
known, and it may be interesting to bring together its history in the
following note.

Schomburgkia Thomsoniana, was described by Reichenbach in 1887
(Gard. Chron., 1887, ii., p. 38), from a plant which flowered in the collec-
tion of W. J. Thomson, Esq., St. Helens, Lancashire, in June of that year.
It is also said to have been exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society’s
provincial show at Liverpool in June of the previous year. On looking up
the report I find that it was exhibited in a group of twelve exotic Orchids,
and it is noted as “a Schomburgkia, with the growth of tibicinis, but with
a spike about three feet long with a dozen flowers,” the sepals and petals
being pale yellow and the lip deep purple—‘‘a beautiful thing” (Gard.
Chron., 1886, xxvi., p. 22). The latter raceme is said to have borne fifteen
flowers, and one of these is preserved at Kew. Nothing whatever is stated
respecting the origin of the plant, and its habitat remained unknown until
1888. In May of that year Mr. W. Fawcett, F.L.s., Director of Public
Gardens and Plantations, Jamaica, visited the Cayman Islands, in the
Caribbean Sea, about 200 miles west of Jamaica, and brought back dried
and living specimens of a Schomburgkia, which were submitted to Kew for
determination, and which were identified with S. Thomsoniana, Rchb. f.
(Kew Bull., 1888, p. 162). A further account of the species was given by Mr.
Fawcett in a note in the Jamaica Bulletin for 1894 (p. 74). After reciting its
previous history, the author observes :—

“Dr. Strachan visited the islands in 1892, and noted two varieties, of
which only one grew in Cayman Brac. He has been good enough to
contribute the following paragraphs :—

“*S. Thomsoniana var. albopurpurea. Flower larger, colour cream or
white and purple, lip with throat deep purple, and tip but little recurved.

““*S. Thomsoniana var. minor. Flower smaller, colour canary-yellow
and purple, lip without much purple in throat, and tip extremely reflexed.’

“*WVar. minor was the only one I collected in Cayman Brac, but in
Grand Cayman I found both varieties, and var. albopurpurea was in greater
abundance than minor. In habit and general structure both varieties show
no marked difference.’—Henry Strachan, F.L.S.

“Mr. Rolfe writes from Kew Gardens that the specimens sent by me to
Kew from Grand Cayman and Cayman Brac are practically uniform in size—
evidently var. minor. Reichenbach’s original is distinctly larger, segments
finch longer. This may represent the variety albopurpurea.”

396 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

It may be added that no specimens were submitted which would have
enabled the doubtful point to be determined. Also that according to a
sketch sent for determination by Mr. A. S. Hitchcock, with notes of colour,
the variety albopurpurea—presumably the type—flowered at the Manhattan
Botanic Gardens, Kansas, in July, 1891, plants having been collected at
Grand Cayman in the previous January.

It should also be added that the plant shown by Sir Trevor Lawrence
appears to be the variety minor, which also flowered at Kew about the
same time, aud was figured for the Botanical Magazine. Both had the
smaller flowers with very undulate, bright canary yellow sepals and petals,
and a purple lip, as described by Mr. Strachan. The variety albopurpurea
agrees better with Reichenbach’s original type. The Kew plant is one of
those sent home by Mr. Fawcett, and has only now flowered for the first
time. Sir Trevor’s plant may also be out of the same batch.

R. A. ROLFE.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

A FINE flower of the handsome Sophrocattleya x Chamberlainii triumphans
(Cattleya x Harrisoniana 2 X Sophronitis grandiflora 3) is sent from the
collection of the Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, m.p., Highbury, Birmingham,
by Mr. Mackay. The flower is much larger than that of the type, which was
originally described in these pages in 1898 (p. 270), as it measures 3} inches
from tip to tip of the petals. The colour of the sepals and petals is brilliant
carmine-rose, or almost cerise, and the small, trilobed lip is yellow, with the
upper haif of the front lobe crimson-purple, and the side lobes margined
with a rather lighter colour. The plant. produced four flowers on two
growths, and must have been a brilliant sight.

A flower of the pretty little Lzlio-cattleya x prestans-bicolor is also
sent, which, as Mr. Mackay remarks, is simply a form of L.-c. X Binoti.
Whether the plant is from the same source as the one exhibited by Sir
Trevor Lawrence, and noted on page 316, we do not know. The rounded
side lobes are in this case nearly as long as the column, and the upper half
of the lip very deep purple crimson, which colour extends to the base by @
broad band along the centre of the disc. The sepals and petals are narrower
than in L. pumila, and light rose-purple in colour.

Other handsome things sent are Cattleya x Mantinii nobilior, a beauti-
ful raceme of five flowers, and Lelio-cattleya x Duke of York, the latter 4
richly coloured hybrid derived from L.-c. x elegans and Cattleya X Brymer-
iana, and thus containing four species in its ancestry.

A flower of the handsome Cattleya x Imperator is sent from the collec-
tion of Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen, by Mr. Young-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 327

It is a natural hybrid between C. granulosa and C. labiata, and most
resembles the former in shape—especially in the very deeply trilobed lip—
but the latter in colour. The sepals and petals are light rose-purple, and
the front lobe of the lip rich purple-crimson. A fine flower of the handsome
Cattleya X Parthenia Prince of Wales (C. x fimbriata @ xX C. Mossiz ¢)
is also sent. The flower is excellent in shape, and the colour white, with
the front lobe of the lip suffused and veined with bright rose-purple. The
lip is beautifully crisped right round to where the side lobes meet, and a
tinge of pink also extends round the margin to the same point.

A leaf and flower of Paphiopedilum x Allanianum is sent by Mr. Bache,
gardener to A. H. Bencke, Esq., of West Derby, Liverpool. It was_pur-
chased in 1895, from Messrs. John Cowan & Co., asa seedling from P. Spicer-
ianum and P. Curtisii, when quite a small plant with only two pairs of leaves,
but Mr. Bache says that now it is a good specimen in aneight nch pot, with
eleven leads. Last year it had seven leads, four of which made double
breaks, and this season all have flowered, and all have twin-flowered scapes,
like the one sent. It is saidto be a most robust grower, with a compact
habit, and very attractive when in flower. The leaf sent is broad, rather
obscurely tesselated, and the flower quite intermediate ia character.

Flowers of the beautiful Cattleya x Germania (C. granulosa Schofield-
iana X Hardyana) are sent from the collection of Sir James Miller,
Bart., Manderston, Duns, N.B. , by Mr. Hamilton. It most resembles the
former in shape, but the sepals and petals and side lobes of the lip are
mauve-pink in colour, while the front lobe bears numerous radiating
veins of darker colour. The handsome Lelia x Iona {L. tenebrosa X
Dayana) is also sent. It is most like a considerably enlarged edition of the
latter, with light purple sepals and petals, and the greater part of the lip
very dark blackish purple with the characteristic raised keels of L. Dayana,
though considerably reduced in size. Both were raised by Messrs.
Charlesworth & Co.

A fine flower of the handsome Paphiopedilum x triumphans is sent
from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, by Mr.
Rogers. It is a hybrid from P.- X nitens Sallieri and P. xX cenanthum
superbum, and the combination has proved an extremely fortunate one,
having combined most of the size and shape of the former with the rich
colours of the latter. It is a hybrid of the third generation, and an
analysis of its parentage shows it to be composed of P. insigne, one-half,
P. villosum, three-eights, and P. barbatum, one-eighth. The petals and lip
are very rich, shining purple-brown, while the lip is heavily spotted with a
darker colour, and suffused with rose near the white margin.

ee

328 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
MILTONIA WARSCEWICZII XANTHINA.

A VERY pretty variety of Miltonia Warscewiczii has just flowered with
Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, in which the usual brown
and purple markings have completely vanished, leaving the flower a
ccmbination of lightest yellow and white. Two varieties of this kind have
been described. The first appeared in the collection of C. Winn, Esq.,
Selly Hill, Birmingham, in 1881, and was described by Reichenbach as
var. ztherea (Gard. Chron., 1881, xv., p. 428) as ‘‘a curious variety whose
colours are nearly lost—all blended in the slightest tinge. Sepals and petals
of the lightest yellow with white tips; the lip white, area lightest yellow,
bordered and based with lightest mauve-lilac ; keels white, column white.”
The author added, ‘‘ Nothing comparable to it had ever come before me,”
but this remark he subsequently modified, for about a year later, in alluding to
it, he observed, ‘‘ and yet I had a fine, wild-grown specimen which had been
in my herbarium since 1879, collected by Mr. Falkenberg, as ‘a variety
with a white lip,’ and kindly presented to me by Mr. Sander. It is now in
flower at St. Albans, and proves to be quite identical with Mr. C. Winn’s
plant—a fact which I could not guess from Mr. Falkenberg’s dried speci-
men” (Gard. Chron., 1882, xvii., p. 732). The author afterwards added a
variety xanthina, as ‘‘a delightful new variety, near var. ztherea, but with
much deeper yellow sepals and petals, a light yellow lip, with narrow
white border, and no purple at all. The column is pure white. It was
kindly sent by Mr. William Lee, of Leatherhead” (Gard. Chron., 1883, Xx.
p. 812). Messrs. Charlesworth’s plant apparently agrees with the latter,
and it forms a very striking contrast with the typical form, which is really
one of the most beautiful species in cultivation, though rather rare, and not
always one of the easiest to grow. The species was originally discovered
by Poeppig, in 1830, near Cachiro, in Peru, and was again found by
Warscewicz, who brought dried specimens to Europe. It was introduced
to cultivation by Gustav Wallis, who sent specimens to Messrs. Linden, in
1868, one of which was exhibited at a meeting of the R. H. S. in October,
1869. Messrs. Veitch remark that more recently it was found by their
collector Burke, growing on small trees and shrubs close to the ground, and
on moss-covered stones, at 2000 to 3000 feet elevation, near the Rio Verde,
in the province of Antioquia, and this should furnish a very good clue to
its cultural requirements, for Cattleya Dowiana aurea grows in the same
province. It is said to require more heat and more shade than either
the Brazilian or Columbian species, except M. Roezlii, and a moderately
shady position in the Cattleya house should prove suitable. It is one of the
most beautiful species in the genus, and, when well grown, its panicled

inflorescences of richly-coloured Howers form an imposing sight.
Rk. Ac ke

’

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 329
LAZLIO-CATTLEYA x MARON.,

Ar the Royal Horticultural Society’s meeting on September 24th last a
very beautiful hybrid was exhibited by M. Chas. Maron, Brunoy, France,
under the name of Lelio-cattleya x Madame Charles Maron, to which a
First-class Certificate was awarded, as recorded at page 317 of our last
issue. We have now much pleasure in giving a figure of the plant from a
photograph kindly sent by M. Maron, but we have taken the liberty of
amending the name to L.-c. X Marone, in accordance with the rule which
requires the application of a single specific name for such plants. M. Maron

Fic. 48. La:Lio-cATTLEYA X MARON#.

gives the parentage as Cattleya Warscewiczii imperialis X Lelia Digbyana,
from which we infer that the latter was the pollen parent (not the seed
parent as previously recorded). He also describes the pseudobulbs as 9
inches high; the leaves 11 inches long, and shining green; the sepals and
petals 43 inches long, and bright rose in colour; and the lip a little over 3
inches broad, and bright rose with a large yellow throat. M. Maron sent
two photographs, but we have preferred to reproduce the one showing the
entire plant, for although the flowers are larger in the other they show

33° THE ORCHID REVIEW.

very little more detail. It is scarcely necessary to add more, as the photo-
graph speaks for itself, and shows the way the characters of the two parents
are combined better than a long description. It is a most beautiful plant,
and we may congratulate M. Maron on his success. It will be interesting
to see it again when the plant becomes stronger.
THE HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTIVATION.
(Continued from page 232.)

THE Mexican Lelias were now coming into prominence, for both L. albida
and L. furfuracea were described and figured by Lindley in the Botanical
Register for 1839. Both were discovered in the neighbourhood of Oaxaca
by Count Karwinski. L. furfuracea (t. 26) was imported by Mr. Barker, of
Birmingham, who sent it to Lindley in November, 1838, and it is said to be
“probably not uncommon in collections, large quantities having been
received by various persons from Mexico, especially by the Horticultural
Society, who have distributed it among their Fellows.” L. albida (t. 54)
was sent from the envirous of Oaxaca, by Messrs. Sadler, of that place, to
Mr. Bateman, with whom it shortly afterwards flowered, and also with T.
Harris, Esq., of Kingsbury. Lindley remarked that its flowers were as.
fragrant as a bed of primroses. Plants were also sent to the Horticultural
Society by Hartweg, together with “ not fewer than 140 species” of Mexican
Orchids. Leelia autumnalis (t. 27) was said to be “now not uncommon in
gardens,” a considerable number of it having been given away among the
Fellows of the Horticultural Society. Its culture seems to have been very
well understood, for Lindley remarked :—‘ In the garden of the Horticul-
tural Society its cultivation is found extremely simple. When plants are-
received they are tied to a block of wood, and kept perfectly dry until they
begin te send out roots and manifest other signs of growth. [hey are
then freely syringed two or three times a day, and this practice is continued
until the growing season is past. They are then removed to a cooler house:
with a drier atmosphere, in which they are allowed to winter, and when this
season Is over the above treatment is again renewed.”

The event of the year, perhaps, was the introduction of another
Odontoglossum into European gardens. O. Rossii flowered in the collection
of G. Barker, Esq:, of Birmingham, and was figured in the Botanical
Register (t. 48), when Lindley remarked :—** A charming plant, sent to Mr.
Barker from Mexico by his collector, Mr. Ross, after whom it is named. The
bright white lip, lying as it were in the centre of a rich green, yellow, and.
blue star of three points, produces a peculiarly beautiful and unusual
appearance.” The cultural note states :—“ It requires to be cultivated in a.
warm, damp stove, where it may either be potted in the usual way, or, which:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 331

is preferable, suspended from the roof upon a block of wood.” The result
of such advice must have been disastrous.

Another striking introduction was the beautiful Dendrobium formosum,
which had long been known to science. Lindley observed (/.c., t. 64) :—
‘“‘ This magnificent species flowered at Chatsworth in May, 1838, and the
drawing on the opposite page was then made from a specimen given me by
His Grace the Duke of Devonshire. As a white-flowered epiphyte, it is
almost unrivalled among Asiatic Orchidacez, the Phalznopsis amabilis
being the only one that can enter into comparison with it.”

Dendrobium Jenkinsii was also described and figured for the first time
(t. 37), Lindley remarking :—‘‘ This pretty plant has been sent by Dr.
Wallich to many persons in this country, and is now by no means un-
common. The accompanying drawing was made in September, 1838, from
a plant in the possession of Messrs. Loddiges, and I have since received it
from other places.”

In the Miscellaneous Notices in the same volume, about eighty
Orchids of various kinds were described, of which over half were new, and
several of these are noteworthy. Lelia majalis (p. 35), the Flor de Mayo
of the natives of Mexico, was received by the Horticultural Society from
Hartweg, who found it growing on oak trees at 8000 feet elevation on the
mountains near Leon, “where it sometimes freezes.’ Many plants are
said to have been given away, but, added Lindley, ‘‘it proves exceedingly
difficult of cultivation.” The author overlooked its identity with his earlier
L. grandiflora. Lelia flava (p. 88) flowered in the collection of Sir Charles
Lemon, at Carclew, in the autumn of 1839. It was then thought to have
come from Mexico, but we now know it to be Brazilian. Cattleya superba
(p. 36) was sent by Mr. Schomburgk, apparently asa single plant, to Messrs.
Loddiges, but whether it flowered with them is not stated. Odontoglossum
Clowesii (p. 93) will perhaps be recognized as the now well-known M iltonia
Clowesii. Lindley described it as ‘‘a very handsome Orchidaceous plant, for
which I am indebted to the Rev. John Clowes, of Broughton, a most zealous
and successful horticulturist, who received it from the Organ Mountains of
Brazil a few years since.” The remarkable Huntleya violacea (p. 19)—now
referred to Bollea—flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, who had received it
from Mr. Schomburgk. Dendrobium Paxtoni (p. 43) “‘ was found at Pundun,
at the foot of the Khoseea [Khasia] hills of India, by Mr. John Gibson, at
that time employed as collector to His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, at
whose request it was named after Mr. Paxton.” It was sent to Lindley from
Chatsworth in April 1839.

Lastly may be selected for notice, Aganisia pulchella (p. 45), a Guiana
plant which flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, and Quekettia microscopica, a
Brazilian plant from the same collection, each of which represented a new

332 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

genus. The latter was described by Lindley as only a few inches high,
and having “no attractions for the vulgar eye,” yet was one of the most
interesting known to him if examined microscopically.

The corresponding volume of the Botanical Magazine (completed April,
1840) contains figures of twenty-two Orchids, eight of which were new,
and is further interesting as containing a figure of Cattleya citrina (t. 3742)
which now appeared in cultivation for the first time. Sir William Hooker
remarked :—“ Plants of this very fine and singular Cattleya were sent by
Robert Smith, Esq., of Oaxaca, Mexico, in 1838, to the noble collection at
Woburn Abbey, where they blossomed in April, 18 39. The bulbs and foliage
are remarkable for their very glaucous or sea-green hue ; and the fine flower,
when seen in such a manner that the labellum is not brought into view, has,
at first sight, so very much the appearance, not only in regard to form, but
in size and colour, of the wild tulip of our country (Tulipa sylvestris), that
Wwe were for a moment deceived by it. The flowers are scentless. The plant
is of easy growth, and is undoubtedly a most valuable addition to our orna-
mental stove plants. It does not appear to have been hitherto known to
European Botanists, either in a living or dried state; but in Mexico its
beauty seems to have attracted the attention of the natives, and it has,
according to Hernandez, received a vernacular name which it would be
difficult for us to pronounce ”’—“ Corticoatzontecoxochitl.”

Catasetum Russellianum (t- 3777) and Epidendrum Parkinsonianum
(t. 3778) may be mentioned as two of the more striking novelties. Both
flowered in the celebrated collection of the Duke of Bedford, and Sir William
Hooker remarked that they were the last Orchideous plants that were
communicated from Woburn Abbey during the life of its late noble possessor,
and were sent off on the day that His Grace was seized with his fatal illness.
The former was dedicated to the deceased nobleman, who was described as
a magnificent patron of science and art, a devoted admirer of botany and
horticulture, and the possessor of an almost unrivalled collection of
Orchids and other plants.” The author concluded :—“ May his name long
be perpetuated among the votaries of that science which he so much
delighted to honour in the present new and remarkable species of Catasetum:
a species indeed so distinct, that it can hardly be assimilated with any other
yet known to us.” —_It was sent by Mr. Skinner from Guatemala in 1838.
Epidendrum Parkinsonianum was dedicated to John Parkinson, Esq., F.L-S.,
“a gentleman who spared no pains, while holding the office of H. B. M.
Consul General at Mexico, to enrich our gardens and herbaria with the
choicest vegetable productions of that interesting region.”’ Bletia Parkin-
Soni (t. 3736), which also flowered at Woburn in 1839, was dedicated to
Mr. Parkinson, as was also the volume of the Botanical Magazine of which
we are speaking. Epidendrum cepiforme (t. 3765) and E. densiflorum

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 333

(t. 3791), may also be mentioned as novelties which were sent to
Woburn by Mr. Parkinson.

Brassavola cuspidata (t. 3722), was a remarkable novelty ‘“‘from the
collecticn of John Moss, Esq., of Otterspool, Liverpool, which, partly
owing to that gentleman’s South American correspondents and con-
nections, and partly to the skill of his gardener, Mr. James, bids fair to.
rival some of the many collections of Orchideous plants of which the
county may well be proud. The plant was sent from Trinidad with about
fifty others of the same family.”

Last, but not least, among the novelties must be mentioned Oncidium
concolor (t. 3752), ‘‘an extremely beautiful plant, an inhabitant of the
Organ Mountains of Brazil, where it was found by Mr. Gardner, in 1837,
and whence it was sent by him to the Woburn collection.”

Among the more interesting novelties figured in the Botanical Register
for 1841 may be mentioned the pretty little Cattleya Aclandiz (t. 48), of
which Lindley remarked :—‘“‘ I have only seen a single flower, which I owe
to the kindness of Lady Acland of Killerton, by whom the drawing, from
which the annexed figure was prepared, was also supplied. It was received
from Brazil in October, 1839, having been discovered by Lieut. James, of
H.M.S. Spey, and flowered at Killerton in the month of July, 1840, under
the able management of Mr. Craggs, Sir Thomas Acland’s gardener.
Odontoglossum maculatum (t. 30) was ‘‘another rarity from the rich
storehouse of Mr. Barker, who imported it from Mexico.” The brilliant
Epidendrum vitellinum (t. 35) also appeared in cultivation for the first
time, in Mr. Barker’s collection. It was already known from dried
specimens, which, however, Lindley remarked, failed to convey a true idea
of the natural appearance of this species when in health and flowering
under favourable circumstances. Lelia rubescens (t. 41) also flowered
with Mr. Barker, who purchased it at Mr. Knight’s Nursery, in the King’s
Road, Chelsea.

The introduction of Brassavola glauca has already been mentioned, and
the plant being figured by Lindley in the work under notice (t. 44)
furnishes an opportunity to mention a curious circumstance in connection
with its introduction which is not without significance in connection with
the history of Orchid cultivation. It was first known to Lindley by plants
sent to the Horticultural Society by Hartweg, but afterwards made its
appearance amongst a huge assemblage of Mexican Orchids which had been
sent to England (on speculation) by a Frenchman named Deschamps.
The note is from the pen of Mr. Bateman. “ This importation was quite
unique in its way, and formed a sort of epoch in the history of the
Orchido-mania. A vessel came into port freighted, almost exclusively, with
Epiphytes and Cacti, and such was their abundance, that it was found

334 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

necessary to engage an extensive suite of apartments for their accommoda-
tion, in Hungerford Market! The plan pursued by M. Deschamps was to
parcel out his plants in small collections of about twenty species, for which,
in the first place, he asked and obtained very high prices; but the London
market being at length exhausted, similar collections were distributed
through the provinces, and offered at greatly reduced rates. The author
himself purchased, in a country town, a set of at least twenty kinds for a
sum which, in the metropolis, he had in vain tendered for only two! In
case of any future inundation of Orchidacez, this little fact should be
borne in mind.”

The Miscellaneous Notices in this work again contained descriptions of
numerous Orchids, of which only a few of the more important ones can be
mentioned. Sophronitis violacea (p. 18), is described as ‘“‘a pretty little
epiphyte with violet flowers, for which I am indebted to Mrs. Cannon, of
Stratford Green, in whose hothouse it flowered in the beginning of
February.’ Oncidium Insleayi (p. 19), now referred to Odontoglossum,
is noted as ‘‘a native of Mexico, whence it was imported by George Barker,
Esq., of Birmingham, who has named it after Mr. Insleay, his gardener.”
Cycnoches maculatum (p. 10) also flowered in Mr. Barker’s collection, and
Lindley remarked that a figure would be published in the Sertum
Orchidaceum, the page of the Botanical Register being ‘‘too small to do
justice to so noble a flower.”’ Mormodes buccinator (p. 10) flowered in the
collection of J. Willmore, Esq., of Oldford, near Birmingham. Of Brassia
verrucosa (p. 36) we read that ‘‘at the last meeting of the Horticultural
Society in Regent Street, this beautiful plant was exhibited by Messrs.
Rollissons, of Tooting,” and was intended for one of the plates in Mr.
Bateman’s Orchidaceae of Mexico and Guatemala. Stanhopea Martiana (p. 50)
was discovered by Baron Karwinski in Mexico” in 1827, and sent by him
to Knypersley, where it flowered for the first time “in May of the
present year.” Dendrochilum filiforme (p. 52) was sent from Manila
by Cuming, and flowered with Mr. Bateman. It is noted as the
first living specimen of the genus seen in Europe. Stanhopea
graveolens (p. 59) flowered in the collection of the Hon. and Rev.
- W. Herbert, who is said to have imported it from Peru. Chysis
levis and C. bractescens (p. 61) were two new species of the genus
which had appeared in Mr. Barker’s collection. Maxillaria Skinneri
(pp. 48, 68)—now Lycaste—was introduced by Mr. Skinner, and first
flowered with Sir Charles Lemon at Penrhyn. Angrecum bilobum (p. 69)
was introduced from Cape Coast Castle, and flowered with Messrs. Loddiges-
Oncidium incurvum (p. 75) flowered with Mr. Barker, and afterwards with
Messrs. Lee & Co., of Hammersmith. Ccelogyne Cumingii and Catasetum
saccatum (p. 76), also C. cornutum and C. callosum (p. 77) all flowered with

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 335

Messrs. Loddiges. Lastly, at page 71, Lindley notices an interesting case
of the appearance of Monachanthus-like flowers on a plant of Catasetum
deltoideum in the collection of Mr. Dunsford, though the cause of this
supposed sporting was then a profound mystery.

This volume also contains an interesting account of the production of
Vanilla in England (p. 66). Lindley remarked that most horticulturists
would be aware that Prof. Charles Morren had procured the aromatic fruit
of Vanilla in abundance, by artificial fertilisation, at Liége, but he was not
aware that anyone in England had met with like success until Mr.
Henderson, the skilful gardener at Lord Fitzwilliam’s seat, at Milton,
accomplished the object. In April last Mr. Henderson sent him flowers,
accompanied by the ripe fruit, which appeared to be quite as fragrant as
those imported from Mexico, and they proved as fit for the purpose of
flavouring ices and creams. Mr. Henderson stated his plant had produced
flowers for several years, but no fruit, until he saw Morren’s paper giving
directions for artificial fertilisation, and by following these instructions
he succeeded in getting a number of fruit to set. Morren’s paper, “ On the
production of Vanilla in Europe,” was read before the British Association
at Newcastle, and was published in the Annals of Natural History for
March 1839.

The corresponding volume of the Botanical Magazine (completed June,
1841) contained figures of twenty Orchids, though most of them were
already known, but under t. 3804 (Lelia anceps) is a very interesting
account of the method of treatment then practised by Donald Beaton,
gardener to T. Harris, Esq., of Kingsbury, the owner of ‘extensive
collections of Orchidacez and Cactez.” Having received, about the end
of September, a large importation of Mexican Orchids from Mr. Galeotti
who had gathered them at an elevation of 7500 to gooo feet, he laid them
on shelves in the seed room, with a thin layer of damp moss under them,
and by the middle of December they had imbibed sufficient moisture to
swell them to their natural size, after which some were removed to the cool
end of the Orchid house, while others were left in the seed room, and
these did better than those placed in heat, particularly Cattleya citrina.
When they began to grow in March and April, they were removed ‘“ into
a brick heat’”—whatever that may mean—and now they were said to
“ have the advance of those which were in heat during the winter,” and
it was intended, as soon as the leaves were fully formed, to “‘ remove them
to ripen their growth to the warmest end of the greenhouse.” Ina
subsequent letter Mr. Beaton alluded to a fine collection just received
from Mr. Skinner, of Guatemala, adding, “ I have ample proof that these,
and many others, will not do so well if they are subjected to a heat above
50° or 55° in winter. Nothing can be more difficult than to bring some

336 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

of the plants in my list to any state of healthy growth in our excessively-
heated Orchideous house.”

Thus was Orchid culture gradually progressing, and in this connection
it is interesting to recall a much fuller account of Beaton and his methods,
which appeared in our first volume (pp. 138-142).

(To be continued).
A DOUBLE ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI.

A REMARKABLE double flower of Odontoglossum Pescatorei is sent from the
collection of T. Baxter, Esq., Oakfield, Morecambe, by Mr. Roberts. The
doubling in this case does not proceed from the fusion of two flowers and
consequent increase in the number of parts, but from the breaking up of
the column into supernumerary petaloid segments, as in the double form of
Epidendrum vitellinum, which appeared a few years ago. The sepals and
petals are quite normal, and the colour white; the former with one or two
bright purple blotches about the centre, and the latter unspotted. The lip
is also normal in shape, being very broadly pandurate, but one side of the
crest is less developed than the other, and immediately in front of the crest
is a small, bright purple blotch. It is in the column that the remark-
able character is seen, and this organ is broken up into six petaloid appen-
dages, and three more or less clavate bodies, the former apparently repre-
senting the six stamens, and the latter the three pistils. The staminodia
appendages are pure white, more or less laterally curved, and each bears two
or three small spots, and the three pistillate appendages are light green.
These nine appendages are in three whorls of three each, the outer whorl
being opposite to the sepals, the next whorl opposite to the petals and the
lip, and the pistillate whorl again opposite to the outer whorl, forming a
nearly regular double flower. It may be noted that the two staminodial
appendages opposite to the normal petals (homologically the column-wings)
are united for a short distance beyond the others, and bear between them
one of the pistillate appendages which is homologically the rostellum. If
one could imagine a lily with its six stamens transformed into petals of
about half the usual size, and united for a short distance at the base into a
central column, from which arose the three stigmas, which were dwarfed to
about a sixth of their length, one would have a very fair idea of this remark-
able flower. It illustrates the typical monocotyledonous structure, and
emphasizes the profound modifications which have taken place in a typical
Orchid flower in a way not often seen, even among abnormal Orchids. It
will be interesting to see if it agrees with the Epidendrum above named in
having the peculiarity fixed or permanent. If so, it will be the first truly
double Odontoglossum known. R. A. ROLFE.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 337

OGODONTOGLOSSUM MACULATUM THOMPSONIANUM.
THE accompanying illustration represents a flower of the remarkable
Odontoglossum maculatum Thompsonianum, from the collection of W.
Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, to which a First-class Certificate
was awarded by the Royal Horticultural Society at its meeting held at
Chiswick on July 16th last. It was recorded in our report at page 252 as
“an exceptionally large and handsome form, far superior to anything we
have yet seen. The inflorescence bore eight flowers, which measured three
inches in diameter across the petals, and the segments were very broad and
richly coloured.” The illustration, which is from a photograph taken by

Fic, 49. ODONTOGLOSSUM MACULATUM THOMPSONIANUM.

Mr. H. J. Chapman, and kindly sent to us, gives a graphic idea of its
remarkable features, and we may add that in all other respects it conforms
to the normal type of the species. We do not know anything of its previous
history. The species is one of the least variable in the genus, both in size
and colour, and we may add that it is one of the most easily grown of the

Mexican kinds.

9

338 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

THE HYBRIDIST.

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X CLyTIE.—This is a charming little hybrid sent from
the collection of Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen, by
Mr. Young. The record of parentage is Cattleya Dowiana aurea crossed
with Lelia x Gravesiz, and as the latter parent was derived from L. crispa
and L. pumila prestans, it will be seen that three species are concerned in
its parentage. In shape the novelty much resembles L.-c. x Ingramii, but
is far lighter coloured. The sepals and petals are delicate blush-pink, and the
lip bright rose-pink, with lighter radiating veins, whose origin may be traced
to the influence of C. Dowiana. The flower is of very good shape, and the
lip ample, and lighter in colour than in many of the Dowiana hybrids.

LA@#LIO-CATTLEYA X TRUFFAUTIANA.—This is a new and handsome
hybrid, raised by M. Ch. Maron, of Brunoy, and exhibited by him at a
meeting of the Société Nationale d’Horticulture de France on October roth.
Its parents are Lelia tenebrosa and Cattleya Dowiana aurea. The sepals
are brown and yellow and the petals a little darker, while the lip is bright
velvet crimson, with some yellow lines at the bottom of the throat.

The following five new Lzlio-cattleyas have been exhibited at meetings
of the Société Nationale d’Horticulture de France during the present year. -
Some others have been exhibited as new, but, according to our records,
hybrids of the same parentage have already been recorded :—

L#LIO-CATTLEYA X LABIATO-ANCEPS.—A hybrid derived from Lelia
anceps crossed with the pollen of C. labiata. Exhibited by M. Ch. Maron
on January toth, rgor, and gained a Second-class Certificate of Merit-—
Journ. Soc. Nat. Hort. Fr., 1901, p. 29.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X SENARTI.—A hybrid derived from L.-c. Xx elegans
x L.-c. X callistoglossa. Exhibited by M. Ch. Maron on February 28th,
Ig01.—l.c., p. 211.

L&LIO-cATTLEYA X ANTIGONE.—A hybrid derived from Lzlia purpurata
x Cattleya Schilleriana. Exhibited by M. Peeters on February 28th, 1901.
—l.c., p. 212.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X PURPURATO-ACLANDI&.—A hybrid derived from
the two species indicated by the name. Exhibited by Messrs. Duval et fils
on August 8th, 1901.—l.c., p. 842.

L&LI0-cATTLEYA X La FrEsNAIE.—A hybrid from Cattleya Leopoldi
crosssed with the pollen of L.-c. X elegans. Exhibited by M. Octave Doin
on August 28th, 1g01, and gained a Second-class Certificate of Merit.—
l.c., p. 907.

CaTTLEyA X Lapy INGRAM, Maron’s VARIETY.—A handsome hybrid
raised from C. Eldorado X C. Dowiana aurea, by M. Ch. Maron, Brunoy,
France, and exhibited at the R. H. S. meeting on October 15th, when it

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 339

received an Award of Merit. The flower bears some resemblance to C. Dowi-
ana in shape, and has some light yellow veining on the side lobes of the lip,
but in other respects it most resembles the other parent. The sepals and
petals are blush pink, tinged with light rose, and the front lobe of the lip
purple-crimson, with the throat rich orange. The flower painted by Miss
Roberts has been kindly sent by Mr. Chapman.

NEW ORCHIDS.
A RECENT issue of the Kew Bulletin (July-Sept., 1901) contains a twenty-
fifth decade of New Orchids, described by Mr. Rolfe, of which the following
is a brief summary :—

MASDEVALLIA VENOSA (p. 146).—A Colombian species of the section
Saccolabiatze, allied to M. pusilla, Rolfe, introduced by Messrs. F. Sander
& Co., St. Albans, with whom it flowered in June, 1899. The perianth is
straw-yellow, densely spotted, and more or less suffused at the base with
dull purple.

DENDROBIUM CAPITULIFLORUM (p. 146). —A native of New Guinea,
introduced by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., who flowered it in March, 1899.
It belongs to the section Pedilonum, and is allied to D. purpureum, Roxb.
The flowers are borne in dense axillary heads and the colour is greenish
white, with the column and disc of the lip bright green.

DENDROBIUM PUNICEUM (p. 146).—Another species of the Pedilonum
group, introduced by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., with whom it flowered in
October, 1898. It came from New Guinea with D. atroviolaceum, Rolfe,
and is allied to D. rutriferum, Rchb. f. The flowers are borne in axillary
racemes, and, together with their pedicels, are light rose-pink, with light
yellow tips to the sepals and petals.

DENDROBIUM QUINARIUM (p. 147).—Introduced from New Guinea with
D. Johnsoniz, F. Muell, by Messrs. Hugh Low& Co., and flowered in their
nursery in July, 1898. It is allied to D. tetragonum, Lindl., and has light
yellow flowers, with several light brown nerves in front of the lip.

DENDROBIUM INAQUALE (p. 147).—Introduced from New Guinea by
Messrs. F. Sander & Co., who flowered it in March, 1899. It is noted as
an anomalous species, apparently most allied to D. euphlebium, Rchb. f.,
though very different in the shape of the lip. The flowers are white, veined
on the front of the lip with purple, and are apparently very fugacious. They
are produced singly from cavities at alternate nodes on the two adjacent
exterior faces of the pseudobulbs, a character found in all the ten pseudo-
bulbs on the plant (Bot. Mag., t- 7745)-

CIRRHOPETALUM APPENDICULATUM (p. 148).—This is the C. ornatis-
simum figured by King and Pantling (Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc., viii, p> 95,
t. 133), but not Reichenbach’s plant of that name, with which it has been

349 TAE ORCHID REVIEW.

confused (Hook f. Fl. Brit. Ind., v., p. 773). It differs, among other
characters, in having solitary flowers, in which respect it is allied to C.
merguense, Rchb’ f. It is a native of warm valleys in Sikkim, and flowered
in the collection of H. J. Elwes, Esq.,'Colesbourne, Gloucestershire, in
October, 1896. The flower is large, more or less veined and speckled with
reddish purple on a pale green ground, and the sepals and petals beara
number of purple, leaf-like appendages attached by a filiform base.

PANISEA TRICALLOSA (p. 148).—A native of Assam, which flowered in
the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, in April, 1896. The flowers are
pale, translucent, yellowish green, with three yellow calli on the disc, tipped
with brown.

CATASETUM QUADRIDENS (p. 149).—Purchased at the sale of the Hon.
Walter Rothschild’s collection, and flowered at Kew in December, 1898.
The habitat is unknown. It is allied to C. cornutum, Lindl., and is
remarkable for the presence of a pair of short, acute teeth, situated at the
lower angles of the abortive stigma, in addition to the usual pair of antenne.
The flowers are light green, blotched all over with dark brown.

ORNITHOCEPHALUS MULTIFLORUS (p. 149).—A Brazilian species:
mported by M. Binot, which flowered at Kew in June, 1898. It is notedas
a very graceful and floriferous species, having the flowers white, with the
exception of the incurved apex of the crest, which is bright green. In
habit it is remarkably distinct, differing from all others except O. grandi-
florus, Lind]., in having flat, not ensiform leaves.

AERANTHES CAUDATA (p. 149).—A distinct and remarkable Madagascar
species which flowered at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, in August,
1899. It is allied to A. grandiflora, Lindl., but has a very slender scape and
smaller flowers, with the sepals and petals long caudate, and the spur
cylindrical. The sepals and petals are pale, pellucid green, and the lip
greenish white.

DENDROBIUM BRYMERIANUM AS A PARENT.

SHOULD the efforts which are being made to induce Dendrobium Brymer-
ianum to impart, through hybridizing, its beautiful lip to other members of
the Dendrobium family prove successful, then we may reasonably expect to
obtain flowers equally beautiful, in their class, to those Lelia and Lelio-
cattleya hybrids which are the result of using Lelia Digbyana as a parent.
So far as 1 am aware, no flower having D. Brymerianum for one of its
parents has yet been seen, although plants of D. Brymerianum x D. nobile
nobilius and D. Dalhousianum x D. Brymerianum are said to be in exis-
tence. These it is sincerely hoped will, when they flower, fully come up to
their owners’ expectations ; but knowing the great difficulty which exists in

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 341

persuading D. Brymerianum toact asa parent, one cannot feel quite certain
as to the ultimate result.

The object of this letter is to endeavour to ascertain if the difficulty
cannot be overcome. Whilst it is not to be expected that anyone, who, by
labour, expense, and thought, has solved this riddle of Nature, will pub-
lish the methods adopted until he has reaped his reward, there must be
many who are making experiments, either without success, or only partial
success, whose experiences would be very beneficial one to the other.

The season before last, about fifty crosses were made in my houses,
under as many different conditions as seemed likely to produce the desired
result, but the plants declined to assist, either as seed.or pollen parents. In
some few instances pods commenced to form, but in no case did they
remain upon the plants for longer thanseven weeks. These partial successes
promise a possible complete success, and will be tried again. Last season
about 150 crosses were made; this time many plants being chosen, more
resembling D. Brymerianum in growth, and habitat. The previous season’s
experience was repeated, except in the case of a Dendrobium of the nobile
section, and two of those more nearly resembling D. Brymerianum.

The pod on the D. nobile set well, and swelled slowly for five months,
when it appeared to ripen; and split. Upon taking the pod off and
examining it, no trace of seed, or even chaff, was to be found. The other
two pods promise well, and better results are hoped for, though by no
means confidently.

Some time since our scientists gave us a reason why it is difficult to
make Lelia Digbyana a seed parent. Will they help us with a theory as
to the probable cause of the trouble with D. Brymerianum, so that our
efforts may be continued in the light of their knowledge? The exchange
of opinions, and records of failures, or partial successes, of any who are
trying to raise what would probably prove a most beautiful hybrid, would
be an encouragement to persevere.

Ricup. G. THWAITES.
Streatham.

[We cannot suggest any reason for the difficulty, unless it be that D.
Brymerianum is too distinct from the species which have been crossed with
it. The yellow flowered section seems difficult to hybridise successfully. In
1893, Mr. White, of Burford, wrote in these pages (p. 17):—‘‘ For many
years past frequent attempts have been made to obtain seed from such
species as D. moschatum, D. Calceolus, D. fimbriatum and its variety
oculatum, D. clavatum, D. chrysotoxum, &c., but without success. Last
year over a hundred flowers of D. fimbriatum alone were hybridised, but
not a single seed-pod was obtained.” We should be glad to know the
experience of others.—ED.|

342 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR NOVEMBER.
By H. A. Burperry, Orchid Specialist, King’s Heath, Birmingham.

CAREFUL stoking must now be the order. All departments will now require
warmth from the hot-water pipes, and the aim should be to have a
sufficiency of heat regularly, and no more, for too much is nearly as
injurious as too little.

WATERING.-—A few words on this important subject may here be useful,
for it is work which is rather perplexing to beginners at this season. Of
course all, or nearly all, Orchids rest during the winter months, and there-
fore much less water is required, but when rest is implied it does not
necessarily mean that absolute drought should be resorted to in all cases.
It is easy to give either too much or too little water during the winter, and
it is not easy to say when or how often to water, as the conditions of the
weather and the circumstances of each plant vary so much. The golden
tule should be to give enough to keep the plant plump. Shrivelling of the
pseudobulbs may be right in some few instances, but for the majority it is
bad practice—I mean excessive shrivelling. Of course, when a group of
plants is being kept dry, because inactive, slight shrivelling may occasion-
ally take place, but there is very little, if any, harm in that.

In order to make the subject of winter watering as plain and easy as
possible, let us divide our Orchids into three classes. The first is the
deciduous ones, amongst which will be found the following :—Thunias,
Mormodes, Catasetums, Cycnoches, Chysis, Barkerias, Anguloas, Cyrto-
podiums, the deciduous Calanthes, some Dendrobiums, and a few others,
particularly those having large and succulent pseudobulbs. These are all
capable of withstanding great drought from now onward until the new
growths appear some time in the spring ; they should therefore occupy
the dryest and lightest position in their respective houses, and practically
receive no water throughout the winter other than the moisture the atmo-
sphere willconvey to them. Of course, if they should appear to be shrivelling
excessively, a slight surface watering may be given, but not on any account
should the compost be saturated. The second class will include the other
pseudobulbous species, such as Cattleyas and Lzlias, Odontoglossums,
Oncidiums, Ccelogynes, Epidendrums, Lycastes, Maxillarias, Trichopilias,
Stanhopeas, and similar kinds. For these I also recommend a very dry
winter treatment, but they will not withstand so much hard drying as the
previously mentioned kinds. The third class includes those species which
have no such marked season of inactivity. Many of these have pseudo-
bulbs, such as Zygopetalums, Miltonias, Cymbidiums, Cochliodas, and
various individuals from other genera which may be growing quite naturally,
such as Lelia purpurata, Odontoglossum crispum, &c., together with a great

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 343

number of those having no pseudobulbs, such as Cypripediums, Saccola-
biums, Pescatoreas, Sobralias, Vandas, Phalenopses, Phaiuses, Masdevallias,
Angreecums, and Aérides. None of these should be allowed to become too
dry at the root, and on the other hand they should not be too freely watered
—just enough onlyto keepthem plump and in a healthy condition is needed
throughout the winter, and for this a surprisingly small amount will
suffice.

TEMPERATURES.—For the proper winter temperatures a few degrees
lower than those mentioned last month may be allowed in very severe
weather, but for all ordinary weather it will be best to adhere to those
previously stated. I may here again mention the great advantage of using
some rough outside covering for the glass during severe weather, as a means
of maintaining the required degree of warmth with less fire heat. When
this is done the conditions are generally more favourable to the plants,
besides the additional advantage of a reduced bill for fuel.

Pleione lagenaria and P. maculata, having passed out of flower, should
now be re-panned in fresh compost, kept moist, and given a position in
intermediate temperature near the glass, where they will start gently to
grow. Many growers pot annually, but this is not absolutely necessary if
the compost appears to be in a fair state of preservation, when a fresh top-
dressing will suffice.

Sophronitis grandiflora will soon be most effective. It is particularly
fond of a comparatively shady and moist position, requiring only a short
period of rest after blooming. It is best removed to intermediate tempera-
ture during winter.

Oncidium varicosum, another old favourite, is now blooming well. This,
together with O. Forbesii and O. crispum, are best for a good hard rest
during the winter months, in intermediate temperature, even at the expense
of shrivelling somewhat.

Cattleya labiata and C. Bowringiana are now in their beauty, and
most invaluable they both are for this season. A moderate rest is essential
for both after blooming, with no root disturbance for repotting purposes
until early spring. The same remarks also apply to the beautiful C.
Dowiana. Do not keep these autumn-flowering Cattleyas in a damp position
immediately after blooming, or the damp may affect them, and the newly
formed pseudobulb and leaf be lost. Be careful to remove the old flower
sheath so that no moisture may lodge there. _Inattention to this may lead
to decay at this point.

Odontoglossum grande is also now very fine. It has hitherto been found
good practice to grow this species in a rather generous compost, such as
mixing ina little good loam. By employing all leaf soil I find they do
plendidly, and I fancy the loam is no longer really essential. They do best

344 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

in intermediate temperature during winter, and they must now have a
moderate rest.

Phalznopses, having now completed their new leaves, should have much
less water afforded them. Not that they should be rested, so to speak, like
many of the pseudobulbous species, because they could not stand it; they
must simply be kept drier, so that the foliage becomes more hardy, and
consequently less liable to watery spots, which will appear if immatured
and sappy during the winter. They will soon commence to push fortlrtheir
flower spikes. If one part of the structure is hotter than another, this
should always have the preference, but avoid a position where the
outside air when admitted comes in direct contact with them. Neither do
they derive any benefit from the sunshine striking them full, not even during
the winter, and it is best therefore to avoid this.

A great number of Cypripediums are now out, making a good show by
themselves, in fact I think better than whenstaged with more showy species,
such as Cattleyas, &c. It is difficult now to enumerate the varieties of
Cypripediums, so very numerous are they. It is also difficult to see a great
amount of difference between some of the named hybrids; still there is a
difference, but in many instances it is noticeable only to the connoisseur.
Cypripediums are all very simply cultivated, the majority preferring inter-
mediate temperature. I am generally averse to autumn or winter potting
of Orchids, still these may be done without unduly suffering, selecting them
for this purpose soon after the flowering season is over. I now use leaf-
mould for these purely, and find it answers admirably. I always give a
good surface of sphagnum moss—say about half an inch. This preserves
the leaves, keeping them the longer in an unrotten condition. Use only
about one inch of small crocks for drainage.

I think it a great mistake to grow the beautiful Odontoglossum citrosmum
in a cool house. Far better give it warmth, even if it is the East Indian
House. The pseudobulbs should now be completed, and the plant
commencing its period of rest, which must be very severe to cause it to
bloom profusely. This is one of the exceptions to the rule of not giving too -
severe a rest.

Maxillaria grandiflora and M. venusta are now sending up their flowers.
They are beautiful old species, and when strong and well grown produce
quite a quantity of flowers. They can be grown well intermediate, but one
gentleman that I know grows the best plants I have ever seen in his Cool
Odontoglossum House, on the centre stage, where they simply thrive. He
repots very rarely indeed, declaring that Orchids may be repotted to death,
which, I think, is true in a sense, and which is a notion I have always
supported—by deprecating unnecessary root disturbance.

—

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 345

PAPHIOPEDILUM x MAHLER.

In August last a fine, three-flowered spike of a hybrid between Paphio-
pedilum Lawrenceanum ¢? and P. Rothschildianum 3 was sent from the
collection of Reginald Young, Esq., of Sefton Park, Liverpool (gr. Mr.
Poyntz). ‘Mr. Young writes that the cross was made in May, 1892,
the seed sown in the following December, the seedlings first detected in
June, 1893, and the first flowers expanded in July of the present year.
There is a difference of opinion as to the correct name of this hybrid,
as it has been recorded under several specific names, but we believe
that P. x Mahlere is the earliest. Under this name it was described in
these pages in 1898, on the occasion of its flowering in the collection
of R. H. Measures, Esq., of Streatham. It may be interesting to give
the different names under which it has been recorded in our pages in
chronological sequence :—

P. X Mahlere, Orch. Rev., 18098, p. 271.
P. x Wiertzianum, ay ay Me Pp. 335:
C. * Garbari, oes 1899, pp- 249, 254-
C. X tixallense, eteoer TG00,. p.. 112.
C. x Rothschildiano-Lawrenceanum, eee e p- 251.

As to P. x Wiertzianum we have a doubt as to whether it really
belongs here, for a glance at the figure (Lindenia, t. 644) suggests
P. xX selligerum rather than P. Rothschildianum as the second parent,
while one record gives P. barbatum. In any case we consider P. ¥
Mahlere to be the correct name of this hybrid. It, is probable that a
certain amount of variation exists between the different individuals known,
but how far they are distinct enough to warrant the addition of varietal
names could best be determined if they could be compared side by side.
All, however, are very handsome, and of very robust constitution.

HYBRID MILTONIAS.

Reapinc through Mr. Rolfe’s very interesting article on Hybrid Miltonias
in the last issue of the ORCHID REVIEW, I notice that there is some doubt
about the history of the plant named M. X Peetersiana var. concolor. It
flowered with us in September, 1886, and was sent to Prof. Reichenbach,
who named and described it as above, and in the following month a plant
was sold by Mr. Bull to Mr. Tautz. This is sufficient to establish the
identity of the plant with the one noted by Mr. Gower in 1888 as M. X
Peetersiana, which is presumably identical with the one noted in the collec-
tion of Ri 1, Measares, feq., in 1887) but 1 am not’ sure whether Mr.
Measures also had a plant. JAMES scseamaaecieans

346 LHE ORCHID REVIEW.

LAELIA RUPESTRIS.

A CORRESPONDENT sends a catalogue record of a hybrid Leelio-cattleya,
said to have been derived from Cattleya Triane x Lelia rupestris, and
asks what the latter species is, as the name does not appear in either
Veitch’s or Williams’ Orchid Manuals.

Lelia rupestris was described by Lindley in 1842 (Bot. Reg., xxviii., sub.
t. 62), from dried specimens collected by Gardner in elevated rocky places
in the Diamond district, Brazil. Gardner noted the flowers as “ violaceous.”
In his Travels in the Interior of Brazil (ed. 2, p- 339), Gardener thus describes.
his discovery of it. Speaking of Lavrinha, situated on the southern
extremity of the Sierra, in a hollow surrounded by rocky hills, he remarks :—
“ Here I again made numerous collections, among which were two fine
Orchidaceous plants, both species of the beautiful genus Lelia, one of them
bearing violet-coloured, and the other bright yellow flowers.” These were
respectively L. rupestris and L. flava. It seems probable that living plants.
were sent home, for a coloured drawing of the lip in Lindley’s Herbarium,
labelled, “ Mr. J. T. Mackay, Trin. Coll., May 26th, 1845,” affords evidence
that the species was then in cultivation at Dublin. A living flower was also
sent to Kew for determination in November, 1896, by Col. E. S. Berkeley
labelled, “Lelia from South America.” The species closely resembles.
L. flava in habit, but has the leaves and flower-scapes rather shorter than
in that species. The expanded flowers measure 14 to 1} inches in diameter,
and the colour is bright purple with the throat of the lip much paler in
colour.

R. A. ROLFE.

OBITUARY,

WE regret to hear of the death of Mr. Thomas Rochford, of the Turnford
Hall Nurseries, Cheshunt, Herts, which occurred at his residence on Octo-
ber 12th last. The deceased, who was in his 53rd _ year, had been suffering
for some time from Bright’s disease. Mr. Rochford had established a highly
successful nursery business at Cheshunt, to which place he had moved in
1883, and some four or five years ago he took up the culture of Orchids, in
which he was as successful as in his other undertaking. The magnificent
group of Odontoglossums exhibited by him at the Drill Hall on April 23rd
last, to which a Gold Medal was awarded, will be fresh in the minds of
those of our readers who were present on that occasion. Mr. Rochford’s
death leaves a vacancy on the Royal Horticultural Society’s Orchid Com-
mittee, of which body he had for some time been a member. The funeral
took place on October 17th, at Cheshunt Cemetery.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 347

SOCIETIES. /
ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.

In the report of the meeting of the Scientific Committee, held on September
22nd, the following references to Orchids occur :—

CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA.—Mr. Crawshay exhibited, from the collection
of John S. Moss, Esq., a spray of three flowers, in all of which two sepals
had yellow streaks occupying half their surface, thus slightly simulating the
labellum.

MILTONIA SPECTABILIS.—He also showed a small imported plant of this
species which had not been potted for eighteen months, but had sent out a
flower from the terminal shoot.

Spots ON OrcHID Lraves.—Mr. Crawshay read several communica-
tions from Mr. Bidgwood on this subject : hehas traced the spots to a fungus;
of which photo-micrographic illustrations were shown ; but as his researches
are not completed, a further communication is looked for. The fungus
appears to be allied to Gleosporium.

A meeting of the Society was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate,
Westminster, on October 15th, when there was a very fine display of
Orchids, including several striking novelties.

There were present of the Orchid Committee :—H. Little, Esq., in the
chair; and Messrs. W. A. Bilney, T. W. Bond, H. J. Chapman, E. Hill,
H. M. Pollett, J. W. Potter, F. A. Rehder, H. A. Tracy, W. H. White,
W. H. Young, and J. O’Brien (Hon. Sec.).

Sir F. Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), was
awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a nice group of well-grown plants, includ-
ing Cattleya x Maroni, with eleven flowers, E. Eldorado alba, C. Dowiana
aurea, C. labiata illuminata, C. Bowringiana Lady Wigan (a delicately-
coloured variety), Lzlio-cattleya Xx callistoglossa, Stanhopea Martiana,
Miltonia Roezlii magnifica, with four flowers on a spike, Stenoglottis longi-
folia, Lelia pumila, Cypripedium x Allanianum, and Ceelogyne ocellata.
An Award of Merit was given to Lelio-cattleya x Wilsoniz, a very pretty
hybrid, which is noted on another page. :

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whitelegge), soreived
a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group of Cattleyas, containing C. X
Mantinii, C. x M. nobilior, C. x J. Baguley (Bowringiana X Hardyana),
and the white C. x Parthenia, with rose marking on the lip.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford Bridge. (gr. Mr. White), was
awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a fine group, containing Sophro-
cattleya x Chamberlainiana, Cypripedium X pictaratum, Cx Helvetia,
and others. A fine example of Cattleya Bowringiana, of immense size
and in splendid condition, bearing many fine spikes, was awarded a

348 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Cultural Commendation, as also did two fine specimens of Habenaria
carnea and H. militaris.

J. Colman, Esq., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Bound), staged a fine
group, for which a Silver Banksian Medal was awarded. It contained
many good forms of Dendrobium Phalenopsis, one very light variety
bearing seven beautiful spikes; Dendrobium bigibbum, D. chrysanthum,
D. aureum, Coelogyne speciosa, Epiphroniti Xx Veitchii, Camaridium
ochroleucum, Phalenopsis grandiflora, Miltonia Regnellii citrina, Cattleya
Dowiana aurea, and others.

Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Chapman), received a
Cultural Commendation for two fine examples of Vanda Kimballiana, one
of which bore one hundred and thirty-five flowers on eleven spikes, while
the second bore fewer but larger spikes, one of which carried twenty-four —
expanded flowers. He also sent a good dark form of Lzlio-cattleya xX
Ingramii.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Camberwell (gr. Mr. Chapman), received a
Botanical Certificate for Pleurothallis lateritia, a small plant, bearing thin
spikes of reddish orange-coloured flowers.

W. M. Appleton, Esq., Hill Road, Weston-super-Mare (gr. Mr. Brooks),
showed a good form of Cypripedium x Eos (niveum Xx Charlesworthii).

Isaac Carr, Esq, Twerton-on-Avon, sent a spike of a hybrid between
Cypripedium Curtisii and C. Rothschildianum.

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond),
showed Cattleya x Firefly (Bowringiana X Dormaniana), having curious
flowers of a pale lilac-purple colour.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens),
exhibited a form of Odontoglossum xX crispo-Harryanum called ‘ Lily,”
having the ground colour of the sepals and petals tinged with light rose.

T. W. Thornton, Esq., Brockhall, Weedon, showed Cattleya X
weedoniensis (granulosa Schofieldiana x Mendelii).

R. Tunstill, Esq., Monkholme, Brierfield, Burnley, (gr. Mr. Balmforth),
showed a fine example of Odontoglossum grande aureum.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, were awarded a Silver
Flora Medal for a fine group of thirty-six plants of Oncidium Forbesii, and
some fine hybrids. A First-class Certificate was given to Cattleya x Iris
aureo-marginata, a fine plant having the sepals and petals of a bronze
yellow, with bright yellow at the margin, the large lip being rich crimson in
colour, changing to a deeper claret crimson in the centre. Lelio-cattleya
* Haroldiana Charlesworth’s variety (L. tenebrosa X C. Hardyana), also
received a First-class Certificate. The flower was greenish-yellow, freckled
and marbled with rich claret-purple, and the lip rich claret-crimson with
a trace of yellow veining. An Award of Merit was given to Cattleya x

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 349

Lottie (Aclandiz x Trianz Backhousiana) having the sepals and petals
light rose, the latter tipped with purple, and the lip ruby-purple in colour.
M. Ch. Maron, Brunoy, France, showed Cattleya x Mrs. Herbert

Graves (Harrisoniana X Gaskelliana alba) having pale pink flowers with
a white lip; and C X Lady Ingram Maron’s variety (Eldorado xX
Dowiana aurea) a very beautiful hybrid, which is described on another
page. It received an Award of Merit.

Messrs. J. Veitch and Son, Chelsea, showed the beautiful Leelio-
cattleya x Dominiana langleyensis (L. purpurata xX C. Dowiana),
Cattleya x Clytie (Bowringiana ¢? X velutina ¢) and Epilelia xX Eros
(L. Dayana @ X E. ciliare g). The latter wasa remarkable plant, having
the sepals and petals most resembling E. ciliare, but rather broader and
tipped with purple, and the lip ovate, slightly concave, ciliate, and
undulate at the margin, and the colour white at the base, somewhat lined
with purple, and bright purple at the apex.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, showed a plant called
Dendrobium Amesiz, a native cf New Guinea, much like D. taurinum,
with the flowers white tinted with rose.

Mr. H. A. Tracy, Twickenham, showed a spike of a supposed natural
hybrid between Cattleya bicolor and C. Leopoldi.

Ar the meeting held on October 29th there was again a very fine display,
and seven awards were made.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
sent Lelia x Olivia (crispa X xanthina), a handsome thing, having orange-
yellow flowers, with the front lobe of the lip crimson, and Cattleya
Warscewiczii Wigan’s var., a beautiful white form, having the front lobe
of the lip marbled with rose except at the margin, each receiving a First-
class Certificate. :

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whitelegge) received
a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group, which included Lelio-cattleya x
exoniensis, Cypripedium insigne Sandere, Cymbidium giganteum, Cattleya
Dowiana aurea, C. Loddigesii alba, C. X Mantinii, C. x John Baguley, and
some good forms of C. labiata, Awards of Merit being given to C. 1. glauca,
and C. 1. C. C. Whitelegge. oe

C. H. Feiling, Esq., Southgate House (gr. Mr. Stocking),
Silver Flora Medal for a very fine group, in which many good forms of
Cattleya labiata were interspersed with Cypripediums X Morganiz, ~
Meensii, insigne, and others, Miltonia candida, M. spectabilis Moreliana,
Lelia pumila, Odontoglossum crispum, &c.

Frau Ida Brandt, Zurich (gr. Mr. Schlecht) sent Epidendrum osman-
thum, and the pretty little Waluewa pulchella.

received a

350 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

H. L. Bischoffenheim, Esq., Warren House, Stanmore (gr. Mr. Gleeson),
sent a fine and very richly coloured form of Cattleya labiata.

Coi. Brymer, M.p., Ilsington House, Dorchester (gr. Mr. Powell), sent
Leelio-cattleya x Powelii (C. Mendelii @ x L.-c. xX Schilleriana Wolsten-
holmiz ¢), a pretty light hybrid, with some crimson-rose in front of the
yellow disc of the lip.

N. C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray), sent
Cypripedium < Lawrebel Oakwood var. (bellatulum ? xX Lawrenceanum
Hyeanum ¢ ), a fine form, densely spotted with purple on a white ground.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, sent a choice group, which
gained a Silver Flora Medal. It included the handsome Lelio-cattleya x
Dominiana langleyensis, L.-c. xX Statteriana, L.-c. x Decia, L.-c. xX
Semiramis, Cattleya X Fabia, C. x Portia, and Lelia x Mrs. M. Gratrix.
A First-class Certificate was given to Cattleya x Browniz Veitch’s var.
(Harrisoniana X Bowringiana), a large and handsome form, and Awards of
Merit to C. X Bactia (Bowringiana X Leopoldi), most like the latter in
shape and the former in colour, and Lelio-cattleya x Ophir (L. xanthina
@ X C. Dowiana aurea 3), a striking form with yellow sepals and petals
and a tawny purple lip.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.

September 26th, 1901.

AWARDS were made as follows :—
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
Lelio-cattleya X Madame Charles Maron. J. Leemann, Esq.
Cypripedium X Macfarlanei (C. x Harrisianum X_ bellatulum).
Statter, Esq.
Cypripedium Charlesworthii x Harrisianum. J. R. Fletcher, Esq.
AWARDS OF MERIT.
Cypripedium Charlesworthii, High View var. Mr. A. J. Keeling.
Cypripedium Charlesworthii, Keeling’s var. Mr. A. J. Keeling.
CULTURAL CERTIFICATE.

Dendrobium formosum giganteum. O.O. Wrigley, Esq.

SILVER MEDAL.
Group of Orchids containing Cattleya Lueddemanniana alba, Leelio-
cattleya xX Schilleriana Wolstenholmiz, Oncidium Papilio, &c.
Duckworth, Esq.

%,

October 11th, 1901.
FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES.
Cattleya aurea Souvenir de Queen Victoria. A. Warburton, Esq.
Cypripedium x Maudie magnificum. G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq-

>

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 351

Cattleya x Maroni magnifica. A. Edge, Esq.

Cattleya xX Parthenia rosea. M. A. A. Peeters.

Odontoglossum grande var. aureum. M. A. A. Peeters.

AWARDS OF MERIT.

Lelio-cattleya hybrid (L. purpurata X C. Dowiana aurea), J. Leemann,
Esq. This is a form of L.-c. xX Dominiana.

Cypripedium x Lawrenworthii (C. Lawrenceanum X Charlesworthii).
M. A. A. Peeters.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during November, on the 12th and
26th respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour,
12 o’clock noon.

Meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will
be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on November 7th and 2ist.
The Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspec- .
tion from I to 3 p.m.

The Horticultural Society of New York has decided to hold an Inter-
national Conference on Plant Breeding and Hybridization some time in the
autumn of rg02. A preliminary programme of subjects has been issued
over the signature of Dr. Britton, the chairman of Council, in which we
notice a paper on—

Orchid Hybrids. (Illustrated by specimens of the parents and progeny).
By Oakes Ames, Ames Botanical Laboratory, North Easton, Mass.

Also the following papers of a general character which may possibly
contain facts of interest to Orchidists :-—

Variations in Hybrids, not appearing in the First Generation, but later. By
E. S. Goff, Horticulturist, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of
Wisconsin.

Cytological Aspects of Hybrids. By W. A. Cannon, Columbia University,
New York City.

Other papers, the titles of which have not yet been communicated, are
also promised from various experimentalists. The dates have not yet been
fixed, but further particulars will be made public as arrangements are con-
cluded. For information relative to the Conference, address all correspon-
dence to the secretary, Leonard Barron, 136, Liberty Street, New York.

35? THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Mr. W. Bateson, M.A., F.R.S., and Mr. George Nicholson, v.M-H., have
consented to represent the Royal Horticultural Society at the Conference.

Aéranthes ramosa (Rolfe) is a néw species of this genus, collected in
Madagascar by M. Warpur, which recently flowered with Mr. F. W. Moore,
at the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, and with M. A. A. Peeters at
Brussels. It is remarkable for its very long, slender, branched raceme, the
specific name being given in allusion to the latter character. The flowers
are dull olive green in colour, and most resemble those of A. dentiens
Rchb. f., in general character.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CATTLEYA X FULVESCENS.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 644, with fig.

CaTTLEYA X HarpyANnA RocuForDIANA.—Journ. Hort., 1got, xliil.,
p- 305, with fig.

CATTLEYA X IRIS VAR. AUREO-MARGINATA.—Gard. Mag., 1901, p. 690,
with fig.; Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii., p. 397, with fig.

CATTLAYA TRIAN& VAR. A. DE MEULENAERE.—Rev. Hort. Belge., 1901,
_p. 217, with plate.

CYMBIDIUM TIGRINUM.—Amer. Gard., xxii., p. 715, fig. 151.

DENDROBIUM THRYSIFLORUM
p- 282, with fig.

HaABENARIA Lucarpul, Rolfe-—Bot. Mag., t. 7798.

L2LIA PRESTANS ALBA.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii., p. 349, with fig.

TRICHOPILIA SUAVIS.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii., p. 371, with fig.

(specimen plant).—Garden, igor, lix.,

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

(Correspondents not sae here may find Paros to their queries on other a and in some
cases, for they may va future issue. In the case of hybrid s riche gs
sent for name, the parentage ‘ae ‘history should alas fe bikepy § stated, for withiat these details we
are not always able to deal with them satisfact orily.)

he eo vee fe wy insect is the Per hat australasiz, which differs

fr rom m pest of our kitchens in its ek eikee in having a yello w border round

Se saladig with: a gene band ont os outer basal margi the wing case, an nd in having
both sexes winged. a grea

ge t pest, and efforts should be made to see it out by the
use of beetle poison, ae by placing jars of treacle and water among the plan

W. H. Y. Calanthe madagascariensis, Rolfe.

J. W. A. Oncidium carthaginense, Sw.

E. B. Paphiopedilum x Allanianum (see note on another page).

I. B. Epidendrum osmanthum, Rodr., and Waluewa aa Regel.

Received: W.S.5 F. MiB: F:'J. L.M., W. H. W., Jo M:; .J-

Photographs received with thanks. Jc 6.

Several matters unavoidably stand over till next month.

MURRAY’S PATENT
ORCHID STAND.

the
fungoid growth arising from stagnant air.

Effectually prevents destructive

Facilitates the easy distribution of water
and air around the plants.

Isolates each plant and renders it less
liable to be attacked by insect pests.

Is the first clean, effectual, and practically
indestructible article ever offered for the
purpose cf the necessary raising of the plants
above the staging to ensure a free circulation
of air,

Invented and patented by William Murray,
Gardener to Norman C. Cookson, Esq.,
Oakwood, Wylam.

Price List containing full information
from

The United. Wire Works, ULtd.,
TRAFALGAR WIRE WORKS, |
NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.

ORCHIDS! ORG ORCHIDS !
A. J. “KEELING,

Orchid Grower,
Cottingley, Bingley, Yorks,
For all the Choicest and most Popular Varieties.
New & Rare Cypripediums & drobiums

eh Steal etme arma

Please write for General Catalogue, post | free on
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ommissions undertaken for the Valuation and Sale and
urchase of Orchids, both recess and rare and choice
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system of personally Giving Ad-
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cess and satisfaction.

One gentleman says: ‘‘I consider
your visit has been worth £100 to me.”

All desirous of mete: phe poe
of his long. experien
affecting the welfare of their Orchids,
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when in the vicinity, at- very
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ADDRESS : Ethel House
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SANDER’S

ORCHID GUIDE

CONTAINING
ALL THE ge KNOWN SPECIES AND
RIETIES OF
oncHiDS ‘IN CULTIVATION.
cag hoger descriptions of the plants and

of flowering, best method of cultiva-
watering, potting, ventilation,

Their
flowers, S
ge tem coerniaren:

Goncieh, a instructive & useful,
ether with
NAMES and pininrab S of all the KNOWN
HYBRID ORC
Arranged in tabular, alphabetical form so that all
Hybrids een from each species or hybrid may be
ascertained at a glance.
330 pages, strongly bound.
Indispensable alike to Amateur & Expert.
Price 10s. 6d.

-, SANDER & Co.,

ST. ALBANS.

STANLEY, ASHTON & Co.
SOUTHGATE, LONDON, N.

Saas importing the FINEST ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Colombia produces.
and guarantee all their plants.
All buyers of the true “ Native Pacho” should write; they are promised

fullest satisfaction in advance.

ORCHIDS. THE AMATEUR ORCHID CULTIVATOR’S
We are contin eos teceiving large im GUIDE BOOK,
s of

Brazilian ad other Orchids, Ho A. RE eRET) F.R.H.S.

and will be fee to quote prices for large | An excellent practical treatise on Orchid Culture,
mall quantities. with four coloured plates, containing 40 species,

Sphagnum we best quality, at 5/- per Sack and numerous photo-illustrations.

H OO LE EY BROS. Third Edition. In cloth, price 5/6, post free

mporters and Grow
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Orchids! Orchids!
JOHN COWAN & CO.

HAVE AN IMMENSE STOCK OF ORCHIDS

CONSISTING OF

Tens of Thousands of nibs VIGOROUS, WELL- GROWN PLANTS,

in great Variet y; and additions are constantly being made by the Purchasing ok Private
Collections and otherwise. They e cashes invite the inspection of intending purchasers.

The Company are constantly receiving Importations of Orchids from various parts
of the world, all of — het Offer for Sale by Private, Treaty as they come to hand,
at very reasonable Pric

Descriptive and Priced Cataiogues of their Stock of Established Orchids, as well as of
zach importation as it comes to hand, will be sent Post Free on application to the Company:

Gateacre Nurseries, Gateacre, near Liverpool.

+

i ae Te eas

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Messrs.

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Have a large and fine stock of established

and imported ORCHIDs.

INSPECTION INVITED.

ORCHIDS.

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CHOICE DENDROBES A SPECIALITY.
Please write for List.
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EXOTIC NURSERIES,

CHELTENHAM:

ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS!!

UST RECEIVED, A GRAND IMPORTATION OF
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And other EAST ni Suomi

PRICES, WITH SAMPLES, ON APPLICATION.
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ORCHIDS!
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J. WEEKS: & CO.,. Ltd.
thorticultural Builders

To Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,

H.M. Government, Tague OER y Dept., War

Dept., acide Hort. Soc., al Botanic Soc.,
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TELEGRAPH, Haeicag pong Lonpon.
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Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers,

KING’S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.

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HEADQUARTERS: THE COAL EXCHANGE, MARKE?
PLACE, MANCHESTER.

“TINGS of the COMMIT TEE for the
purpose of adjudicating upon the Orchids subi —
will be held on Thursday. November 7th,
November 2Ist, 1901, at 12 0 clock ae ra Opes ie
members from 1 o'clock to 3 0 *clock -

P, WEATHERS, Hon. Sec
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ORCHID HOUSES

mM OPEGIALTYY.
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Printed by R. W. Simpson & Co., Ltd., Richmond Press, Sheen Road, Richmond, Surrey:

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Vor. IX.]

DEVOTED <TC

DECEMBER,

Hn llustrated adontbly Journal,

IgOl. [No. 108.

ORCHIDOLOGY.

3 Contents.

PAGE

-

_Batbopiyiam oe (Fig. 51) 6
oO ns ae sige 372

— Calen
E Giehopetaium Sea oh (Fig. se 360
‘Correspondence, &c. be 370
Culture of Orchids i in leaf:mo uld 457
Cypripedium Fred Hardy (Fig. 5 369
Dendrobium aoe grown out of es
during s 359
Dendrobium Sardinian. (Frontispiece) 357
How some Orchids thrive 363
agen ist - 363
Z io-cal ttleya x Hamilto 2303
“Tnconspictous a and r aot clad
Orchids... - 358

+s Title page, Frontispiece, and Index.
2 ee,

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rade eens oe Se

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oe ata x asco (Fig. 53) «-
i a aS

Obituary :
Mr James Cypher
Mr. a 7

Orchid Por
Orchids at Cantera
Orchids in
Societies. - 364
Manchester and North of England

ve « 367

id
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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

é
‘
if
r
4

DECEMBER, 1901.

VoL. TX]

fNo. 108.

ORCHIDS AT CAMBERWELL.

It is interesting to watch the progress made in some of our Orchid collec-
tions in the course of a few years. An account was given in our second
volume of the collection of R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge,
Flodden Road, Camberwell, (pp. 102-106), and we have subsequently had
the pleasure of looking through it, the last occasion being only a few weeks
ago. Mr. Chapman has gone in for hybridising extensively during the last
few years, and, after overcoming some of the preliminary difficulties, has
been very successful. We saw over a thousand young seedlings which have
been potted up this year of Cattleyas and Dendrobiums only, most of them
from very promising crosses, and there are many of other genera, some
cases being filled with little seedlings in thimble pots. Some are found to
germinate very well on cocoa-nut fibre, and Mr. Chapman pointed out that

Seedlings of Lelia
d C. Mendelii about

for they have not yet flowered,
from the under side of the leaves is
: erpetuated, as has been observed
notes on this subject, but shall hope
they reach the flowering stage, con-
ioning some of the plants seen

noticed the usual amount of

354 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

variation between the different plants. The form known as R. I. Measures’
variety is a beautiful white, with radiating pink veins on the front of the lip.
Interspersed with the above were plants of C. Dowiana, Warscewiczii,
Bowringiana, the handsome C. x Portia, Lelio-cattleya x Schilleriana,
and a late Lelia tenebrosa, forming a very bright display. It was interesting
to note here three fine pods of Lelia Digbyana, from which seedlings may
be expected in due time.

Paphiopedilums are of course well represented, the most noteworthy
being nice little specimens in bloom, of P. x Arthurianum with six flowers,
P. X Ballantinei, P. purpuratum, nice examples of P. Charlesworthii, P.
X orphanum, P. xX Unixia, and its variety superbum, P. X Wottoni with a
twin-flowered scape, P. x enfieldense, good, P. X Canhami, and a quantity
of P. insigne, and the various hybrids from it, throwing up their scapes.
Many others were in bud, and we also noted a curious little hybrid between
P. x Appletonianum ¢ and P. barbatum 3, fairly intermediate in
character.

Masdevallias are also highly appreciated, and the collection is remark-
ably complete. Among those noted in flower were, M. X Imogen with
nine scapes, M. X Asmodia, M. xX Ajax, M. X McVittie, M. x glaphy-
rantha, M. corniculata with eight flowers, the rare M. Burbidgei, and a few
of the scarlet-flowered species. This, of course, is not their flowering
season, but most of the plants are pictures of health, M. Chimzera and M.
racemosa being particularly good. M. simula was a forest of leaves, nine
inches across, and we noted half a dozen plants of the rare M. trinema
(Lowii) which have flowered freely. Restrepia, and some of the allied
genera, are also well represented, and we noted in flower R. guttata, Scapho-
sepalum antenniferum, and the tiny little Pleurothallis lateritia with brick-
red flowers. The unique plant of P. punctulata continues to thrive, and is
remarkable for having its leaves densely covered with a whitish mealiness.

Other things noted in flower in the different houses were Pleurothallis
violacea, Odontoglossum Harryanum, three well - bloomed plants of
Coelogyne Massangeana, several good plants of Oncidium cheirophorum
throwing up numerous spikes, a fine O. ornithorrhynchum album with
seventeen spikes, good plants of the typical form, Cochlioda rosea, Miltonia
spectabilis Moreliana, and some good Sophronitis grandiflora showing for
flower. Odontoglossum crispum succeeds admirably in the usual compost,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 355

up spikes, also the unusual sight of some Vanda pods, these being V.
tricolor X Sanderiana, and V. Parishii x suavis. We hope seedlings will
be obtained. The plants here were also thriving, and we noticed a beautiful
example of Vanda Parishii Marriottiana with seven perfect leaves.

In going through a collection like this, and especially in seeing the
thriving condition of the seedlings, it is difficult to realize that the locality is
so completely within the Metropolitan area, and the fact should be encourag-
ing to others in similar circumstances, for it is certain that Orchids can be
grown, and grown well, in such localities, when other conditions are

suitable.

DENDROBIUM NOBILE GROWN OUT OF DOORS DURING
SUMMER.

Tue following interesting note on the open-air treatment of Dendrobium
nobile during summer is given by Mr. W. P. Bound in the Gardeners’
Chronicle for November 2nd (p. 329) :—‘‘ On the occasion of a visit that I
paid to the gardens of T. Taylor, Esq., Margery Hall, near Reigate, I
noticed a number of aged plants of Dendrobium nobile just coming into
profuse flower. On inquiry of the gardener, Mr. Seaman, he gave me
information in regard to his method of getting D. nebile to flower at this
season. The plants were grown in the ordinary manner, after flowering
last February, till about the month of July, at which time the young
growths were nearly made up. They were then placed in a Cool house for
a few days to harden, and at the end of that month they were placed out of
doors in the full sun, without any protection whatever, where they remained
till the end of the month of September. The flower-buds got very forward,
and on the plants being brought under glass, the former began to develop,
and on October 22nd a good many of them had expanded, and the plants
promised to be a mass of flower in about ten days later. The young
growths are not injured by this out-of-doors treatment ; in fact the pseudo-
bulbs are hard and well developed. I have often observed a few odd flowers
at this season, especially on plants newly imported, but never before have I
seen D. nobile flower as profusely in October as in the spring. Mr. Seaman
will probably take these plants to one of the November meetings of the
Royal Horticultural Society. I have also noted several fine plants of the
Australian species, D. speciosum var. Hillii, pushing up their flower-buds.
This plant grows freely under Mr. Seaman’s management, the same kind ot
treatment being afforded after growth is finished as that found to answer
with D. nobile, and the results are equally good every year, and the growth
strong.”

356 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

OBITUARY.

Mr. JAMES CyPHER.—We regret to hear of the death of Mr. James
Cypher, of the Queen’s Road Nurseries, Cheltenham, which occurred on
November Ist! The deceased was in his 74th year. Mr. Cypher was born
at Tetbury, Gloucestershire, on December 31st, 1827, and when still a
young man was appointed head gardener to Miss Savage, of that place, and
in her service became one of the leading local exhibitors of plants. At her
death, some time in the early sixties, he commenced business on his own
account, on what was at that time nothing more than disused clay-pits, but
which under his energy and skilful management gradually developed into a
most prosperous business undertaking. The culture of Orchids was added
to the business, and of late years has become guite a speciality, Mr. Cypher’s
success as a grower and exhibitor being well known. The Dendrobiums
may perhaps be selected for special mention, his success with these plants
being remarkable, and it may be added that his methods of treatment were
given in a paper read before the Birmingham and Midland Counties
Gardeners’ Association in 1895, and published in these pages, being also
repeated at pp. 107-109 of the present volume.

Mr. Cypher, who had been twice married, lost his first wife in 1863, and
his second wife in February last. Soon afterwards he showed signs of fail-
ing health, and for the last few months had been steadily declining, though
he retained an interest in everything up to thelast. He was elected to the
Cheltenham Town Council in 1895, and re-elected in 1898, and it has been
mentioned as a pathetic circumstance that his second term of office only
expired the day before his death. He was also a member of the Cheltenham
Board of Guardians from 1884 until April last, when he retired. He was
interred at Cheltenham on November 4th, in the presence of a large
number of friends, and many beautiful wreaths were sent by the leading
residents. He leaves two sons and three daughters to mourn his loss. The
business has been managed for some years by his son-in-law, Mr. John Cypher.

Mr. A. H. SmMee.—Orchidology has suffered another loss in the death of
Mr. A. H. Smee, The Grange, Hackbridge, near Carshalton, which took
place at his residence on November 8th. Deceased was the son of Mr. Alfred
Smee, the author of that well-known and valuable work, My Garden, and
on the death of the father the possession of the famous garden described
descended to the son, who, not only maintained its reputation, but enhanced
it by the addition of a most interesting and representative collection of
Orchids, which, a few years ago, we had the pleasure of inspecting.
Tt contained, not only the usual showy kinds, but a large number
of botanical species, and among the former may be mentioned a fine
series of Cattleya Mossize varieties, in which Mr. Smee took a great interest-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 357

He was a great advocate of the open-air treatment of Orchids during
summer, and we found numbers of them arranged on open stages, placed
over rivulets of running water, and in the shade of trees, and apparently
quite happy in their surroundings. He was an accomplished chemist, and
turned his knowledge to good account on the chemical constituents of
Orchids, and an attempt to ascertain the cause of the degeneration which is
sometimes so perplexing to Orchid growers. His papers on the ‘‘ Chemical
composition of Cattleya ” appeared in our pages in 1895 (pp. 233, 270), and
opened up several interesting questions which have a practical importance
to Orchid growers, though some of the points involved have not yet been
fully cleared up. Mr. Smee had long been an active member of the Orchid
Committee of the R. H. $., and his death leaves another vacancy on that
body. His name is commemorated in Lycaste X Smeeana and Sacco-

labium Smeeanum.

DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM.
(See Frontisptece.)

THE frontispiece to the present volume consists of a group of three plants
of Dendrobium Wardianum, from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq.,
Bridge Hall, Bury. They were selected from a group of Dendrobiums
which were exhibited at a meeting of the Manchester and North of England
Orchid Society on April 26th, 1900, and were photographed by Miss
Wrigley. The centre plant is a compact and handsome specimen,
and bears about 172 flowers on nine growths, while one of
the growths on another plant measures 39 inches long, and bears 37
flowers. They are not newly imported plants, as they have been in the
collection for two seasons, so that the flowering growths have been
produced in this country. The species is sometimes said to deteriorate
under cultivation, but this probably arises from its being placed under
unsuitable conditions. At all events the present examples leave little to be
desired in the way of improvement, and Mr. Rogers must be congratulated
on his success in cultivating this beautiful species.

CULTURE OF ORCHIDS IN LEAF-MOULD.
Procress still ORCHID REviEW! Respecting the leaf-mould problem, do
not omit reference to the special precautions necessary as to the judicious
use of the water-pot. Well-timed advice is to give increased sunlight, so as
to convert succulent vigour into more lasting tissue. This is absolutely
necessary unless the enthusiast is content only with the beautiful green
leaves and apparent happy healthfulness. A: 32%

353 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
VANDA HOOKERIANA.

Durinc the past month a plant of the above has flowered in the garden of
the Agri-Horticultural Society at Alipur. This distinct and beautiful
species, somewhat resembling a small form of V. teres, has resisted
repeated attempts to establish and flower it in Calcutta. But a well-rooted
plant having been obtained, it was frequently syringed in the day time, and
has produced five spikes with two to four flowers on each. The plant has
long, terete, rooting stems, and erect, terete leaves about two to three inches
long, tapering to a point; the flower stems grow out near the top and bear
a raceme of two to five flowers, each about two inches in diameter; the
sepals are white, tinted with rose, the large, oblong petals white, spotted
with magenta, and the expanded lip, which is three-lobed and measures
about two inches across, is white, beautifully lined longitudinally in the
centre, transversely on the side lobes, and spotted near the edge on all the
lobes with rich magenta-purple, a large, triangular, deep purple auricle
standing on each side of the column. In Singapore Vanda Hookeriana
flowers profusely and without any trouble, the equable climate suiting it.
whereas the cold of the winter months and dry heat in the summer in
Culcutta are unfavourable to successful cultivation. Said to be a native of
Borneo, Perak, and Cochin China.—H. in Indian Gardening, Oct. 31st,
IgOI, p. 307.

INCONSPICUOUS AND RARELY-CULTIVATED ORCHIDS.

THE very interesting paper on the above subject which was read by Mr. W.
H. White, Orchid grower to Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart.; at the R-BS:
meeting on March 26th last, is published in the last issue of the Society’s
Journal (pp. 136-152), and is accompanied by sixteen illustrations prepared
from photographs. The following is a brief outline :—

Mr. White commences by remarking that Orchid culture during the last
quarter of a century has extended with great rapidity, due to the increased
taste for, and the appreciation of, this beautiful and interesting class of
plants. But there has always been a general disposition to cultivate only
the more showy genera. The author does not wish to persuade those who
have not a real liking for the curiously-constructed and inconspicuous
genera known as “Botanical Orchids ” to attempt their culture, for unless
undertaken seriously it would only result in disappointment and _ the loss of
plants, of which the supply is all too limited for those who, having a taste
for these little plants, find in them a real and ever-varying pleasure. The
remark that Orchids, like domestic animals, soon find out whether they are
under the care of those who really love them, and thrive or fail accordingly,
is very well illustrated by these frail little genera. For while with care and

THE ORCHID REVIEW. $59

attention many are fairly easy to cultivate, neglect for a short time may
bring about their loss. Still he advises Orchid growers to give them a
greater share of attention, even if that be confined to the careful cultivation
of the few little curiosities which from time to time fall into their hands by
being imported on masses of showier Orchids. In this way some few
collections, whose owners formerly held inconspicuous Orchids in contempt,
now contain interesting and valued groups of them. Above these considera-
tions, too, for one who cares for singular waifs and strays of Orchid life,
there is the knowledge that he is contributing in some degree to the cause
of science. For out of such chance arrivals many a new genus OF species
has been recorded and described, and a still larger number of those
previously described have by their appearance in gardens supplied herbaria
with coveted material.

Perusal of any botanical work on Orchids discloses the fact that many
species are not in cultivation, and any of them may appear at any time, if
only as one or two specimens. Many of the showier genera have modest
representatives among them, and others are largely composed of what are
often called botanical curiosities, all of which have interesting structural
peculiarities, and some of them are a source cf wonder to those who see
them for the first time, and of lasting interest to those who care to make a
study of them.

Orchids might challenge comparison with any natural order in the
beauty, colour, and diversity of their flowers, and a collection should
properly aim at embracing representations of the various tribes, sub-tribes,
- and genera, and not a selection of the showy ones only. It might be said
that it did not pay to import the smaller and less conspicuous species, how-
ever strange or beautiful they may be, but the additional cost of including
a few of them with importations of the showy kinds would be small, and
collectors would greatly add to the personal, as well as the scientific, interest
of their collections by including in them the small and less showy genera.

Of the Dendrobiums probably not more than half are in cultivation, and
the same applies to Cirrhopetalum, many of which are striking and beauti-
ful, and-some very remarkable in structure. C.*Meduse has the sepals so
much distended as to give the spike the appearance of ahead of long dis-
levelled hair, causing Lindley to remark :—‘‘ Certainly, if ever there was a
Medusa, this must be the prototype before her beautiful tresses were changed
into serpents.” The large plant now at Burford came originally from Lady
Dorothy Neville’s collection about the year 1878. Three species of this genus
had. even received the award of a F.-c.C. from the R. H. S., namely, C.
Rothschildianum, C. ornatissimum, and C. robustum. Of C. Mastersianum
a noted Orchidist had remarked that the umbrella-like spread of its brown
satiny sepals reminded him of a Lilliputian belle. The upper sepal and

360 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

petals of C. fimbriatum (fig. 50) are fringed round their margins with long
glandular hairs, and the fleshy lip has two erect, longitudinal keels, and is
attached by a very slender bristle, the balance being so nicely adjusted that
a slight touch sets the whole of the lips in the umbel oscillating in a very

Fic. 50. CIRRHOPETALUM FIMBRIATUM.

Lonoon Ercwie Co

curious fashion. ‘They are easily cultivated in baskets or pans, filled with
the usual compost, and suspended near the glass on the shady side of the
warmest house.

The cultural remarks also apply to Bulbophyllum, a very large, poly-
morphic, and widely diffused genus, of which many remarkable species are

Ss .

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 361

mentioned, including B. grandiflorum; the remarkable B. Beccarii— which
could not be called inconspicuous—B. barbigerum, of which a very graphic
description by Dr. Lindley is given; B. comosum, whose head resembles a
bottle-brush ; B. auricomum, which, owing to its pleasant fragrance, 1653.

eK

BULBOPHYLLUM TREMULUM,

51.

FTG,

great favourite with Burmese ladies, who decorate their hair ,with it; and,
among many others, B. tremulum (fig. 51), which has a peculiar, sensitive,
hairy lip resembling a hand brush.

The author then successively alludes to Megaclinium, a remarkable
genus allied to Bulbophyllum, the numerous epiphytal and terrestrial

362 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Orchids of Australia, which are well worth growing, the remarkable Disas
and other genera of South Africa, many of which have never been seen in
cultivation, and the many beautiful Indian kinds. “A Century of Indian
Orchids,” by Sir Joseph Hooker, and “ The Orchids of the Sikkim Hima-
laya,” by Sir George King and Mr. Robert Pantling, are perfect mines of
wealth for the seeker after curious, beautiful, and little, known Orchids.

As an example of the work that might be done by residents in foreign
countries, the author mentions Mr. Lehmann, who during a quarter of a
century of travels in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, has sent home
many rare ‘and inconspicuous . Orchids, including Sievkingia and Trevoria,
the pretty Polycycnis Lehmanni, and many others.

Few groups of plants produce such remarkable and interesting flowers
as the quaint Catasetums, Mormodes, Cycnoches, and Coryanthes. Of the
curious distinctiveness of their flowers, the wonderful apparatus for securing
fertilization by insect agency, &c., a great deal might be written.

Masdevallias are now out of fashion, but, for beauty of colour, grace of
form, and striking development, yield to few other genera, and some of the
dwarf species when well cultivated are lovely little subjects. M. muscosais
remarkable for its mossy peduncles and the extraordinary sensitiveness of
its labellum, which closes on the slightest touch of a small tubercle near
its base, and then opens again after the lapse of about half an hour—an
arrangement evidently connected with the fertilization of the flower, as the
effect would be to imprison an insect that had crawled over the tubercle.
As an example ef vegetable mechanism, interesting to everybody, nothing
could be more interesting than this. M. deorsa has the unusual habit of
growing head downwards, hence the name.

Of the allied genus, Pleurothallis, nearly 400 species are known to science,
and of those in cultivation P. Roezlii has very richly coloured flowers when
held up to the light, while P. Grobyi and P. ornata are examples of many
which are of singular form and gem-like beauty. The Restrepias are most
attractive floral objects, and there are numerous other genera, containing
many interesting species, which the short time at his disposal only allowed
him to mention by name.

As regards cultivation, some of the Orchids referred to were at present
difficult subjects, but that was all the more reason for persevering with their
cultivation. It was years before the cultivation of many Orchids which
now grow to perfection in our houses was understood. But the smaller and
less showy kinds present no greater difficulties than their larger and more
pretentious brethren, and he hoped to see them more generally cultivated,

The illustrations comprise the following species :—Angrecum Sanderi-
anum, Bulbophyllum barbigerum, B. Dayanum, B. patens, B. tremulum,
Cirrhopetalum fimbriatum, C. Roxburghii, Masdevallia Estrade, M.-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 363

Wageneriana, Megaclinium falcatum, Pleurothalhs Grobyi, P. ornatus,
P. Roezlii, Physosiphon Loddigesii, and Sarcochilus Hartmanni. The flower
of Pleurothallis ornata, remarkable for its fringed sepals, is shown magnified
-eight times, and the concluding note points out that “an aluminium watch
maker’s glass, to be held in the eye, is a valuable help to the appreciation
of the beauty of small flowers, as well as for the detection of nascent
fungoid, and insect plagues. This valuable paper should be read in the
original by all lovers of these interesting little plants. (We are incebted to
the Royal Horticultural Society for the loan of the two blocks which
illustrate this paper).

THE HYBRIDIST.

L#.10-cATTLEYA X HamitToni.—A very distinct and pretty hybrid,
sent from the collection of Sir James Miller, Bart., Manderston, Duns,
N.B., by Mr. Hamilton, with the recorded parentage, Cattleya bicolor X
Lelia Dayana. Two distinct forms are sent—a twin-flowered scape of each
—but they agree in having the small, rounded side lobes so characteristic of
hybrids from Cattleya bicolor, and in other respects they are intermediate
between the two parents. The finest form has a well-expanded flower,
measuring five inches in expanse across the petals, which organs are
-over an inch broad. The colour of the sepals and petals is dark rose-purple,
while the front lobe of the lip, the isthmus, and a broad band extending to
the base of the lip, are very dark purple-crimson, and the side lobes pinkish
white inside and light rose outside. The sepals and petals of the other are
much paler, and have more of the shape and texture of L. Dayana, while the
side lobes of the lip infold and clasp rather more than half the column. The
plants also flowered a year ago, for at page 348 of our last volume there is
a record of “two forms of a pretty hybrid from Cattleya bicolor and L-
Dayana” from this collection. They are now sent to us with a request for
a name, and as Mr. Hamilton has been for years a highly successful grower
of Orchids, we suggest the above name as eminently suitable.

HOW SOME ORCHIDS THRIVE.

In Trinidad Diacrium or Epidendrum bicornutum grows readily upon the
rocks at the sea side, exposed to full sea breeze under a blazing sun when but
slightly shaded. In the experimental station this plant is somewhat diffi-
cult to grow, but is fairly managed by imitating the natural conditions. This
plant transplanted to the Grenada Gardens, some 80 miles N.E. of Trini-
dad, grows luxuriantly wherever placed with the greatest ease. The common-
est of our woodland Orchids, Oncidium ampliatum, fails to thrive in our

364 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

baskets or on blocks under cultivation, but does fairly well put into the
branches of a large tree. Schomburgkia Lyonsii transplanted from
Jamaica is but an indifferent subject with us, while the mainland Schom-
burgkias Humboldtii and tibicinis grow luxuriantly placed upon any tree
stem in the establishment. The latter imported from British Honduras.
forms fine plants in a few months when wild in a big tree.

Some Orchids thrive best left to themselves, while others do not appear.
to thrive unless they get as much attention as an infant, and are looked
after regularly at stated hours of the day. Why this is so is not a
question which can be quickly answered, but the probability is, that it is
entirely dependent upon the suitability of the surrounding con-
ditions, some of which may be absolutely essential to enable the plant to.
thrive. To discover these conditions is the work of time, but careful
observation of cultivation carried on under difficult circumstances in the
tropics, as well as in the emperate zone, generally shows the way to the
cultivator to’ overcome the difficulty.—J. H. Hart in Trinidad Bulletin,
TQOT, p. 351.

SOCIETIES.

ROYAL HORTICULTURAL.
A MEETING of the above Society was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham
Gate, Westminster, on November 12th, when there was a fair display of
Orchids, several of which received awards. The following members of the
Orchid Committee were present :—H. J. Veitch, Esq., in the Chair ; and
Messrs. H. Ballantine, W. A. Bilney, R. Brooman-White, H. J. Chapman,
W. Cobb, de B. Crawshay, J. G. Fowler, E. Hill, H. Little, H. M. Pollett,
J. W. Potter, F. A. Rehder, F. Sander, H. A.. Tracy, W. H. Young, J-
O’Brien (Hon. Sec.), and M. Peeters, of Brussels.

J. Colman, Esq., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Bound), staged a fine
group, and was awarded a Silver Flora Medal. It consisted largely of fine
varieties of Cattleya labiata, some of them being very richly coloured ;.
besides which there were good examples of C. Dowiana, Epidendrum
vitellinum, Odontoglossum xX Humeanum, a pretty white variety of Lelia.
pumila, having the lip flushed with pink and a small purple mark on either
side near the apex; also cut spikes of Lelio-cattleya x Schilleriana,.
Cymbidium Tracyanum, Lelia anceps, &c.

G. Taylor, Esq., Margery Hill, Reigate (gr. Mr. Seaman), received @
Silver Banksian Medal for three fine examples of Dendrobium nobile, which
had been grown in the open air during summer, as described in a note on
another page ; also spikes of Cymbidium giganteum and Cattleya labiata.

W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., The West Hill, Hessle, near Hull (gr. Mr-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 365

Barker), exhibited a very fine example of Lelio-cattleya x Digbyano-
Mendelii, called ‘* Hessle variety,” and was awarded a First-class Certifi-
cate. It is the finest variety which has yet appeared. The flowers are very
large and finely shaped, and of a soft blush tint, with the handsomely-
fringed lip of a bright rose colour, somewhat lined with purple near the
base, and the centre of the disc soft primrose-yellow.

De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks, exhibited Cymbidium
Tracyanum Crawshayanum, a handsome dark variety, and Odontoglossum
crispum Raymond Crawshay, the latter receiving a First-class Certificate.
It was shown on May 7th last, when it received an Award of Merit, but
since then it has produced astrong growth and a second inflorescence. The
flower is large and well-shaped, white tinged with purple, especially on the
back, and handsomely blotched with a peculiar bronzy-orange tint.

Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Chapman), received an
Award of Merit for Cattleya x mollis var. Lois (Gaskelliana virginalis x
superba), a very pretty hybrid, about the size of Gaskelliana, but with the
firmer texture and lip of the other parent. The sepals and petals were light
rose in colour, and the front lobe of the lip purple, shading to rose near the
margin, and the disc deep yellow.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, Staffordshire (gr. Mr.
Stevens), received an Award of Merit for Odontoglossum x crispo-Harry-
anum roseum, a very handsome form, having the sepals and petals rose-
coloured, blotched with red-brown, and the lip white, blotched with purple
at the base.

F. A. Bevan, Esq., Trent Park, New Barnet (gr. Mr. Parr), exhibiteda
prettily spotted form of Odontoglossum crispum.

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whitelegge),
exhibited a fine plant of Cattleya X Whitei, with three flowers ; two white
forms of C. labiata, one having the front of the lip blotched and the other
more or less veined with purple, and Lzlio-cattleya x Decia.

Mr. J. Crook, Ford Abbey Gardens, Chard, showed two profusely-
flowered examples of Cypripedium insigne.

The Hon. Walter Rothschild, m.p., Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hill), showed
the large and handsome Cirrhopetalum Rothschildianum, which is remark-
able for having the dorsal sepal and petals fringed with small leaf-like

appendages.
Sir F, Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), showed
Lelio-cattleya x Frederick Boyle.

G. Wilson, Esq., Mayfield, Christchurch Road, Streatham Hill, sent
Cypripedium x Leeanum giganteum. :

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, exhibited Leelio-catt-
leya X Gottoiana, L.-c. x Luna (C. Harrisoniana x L. harpophylla) with

366 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

small yellow flowers ; and L.-c. x Helena (L. cinnabarina x C. Schiller-
iana) having yellow sepals and petals tinged with brown, and the lip
marked with claret-purple. A First-class Certificate was given to Sophro-
cattleya x Nydia (S. grandiflora x C. X calummata) having dark scarlet
flowers with some small purple spots on the sepals and petals, and an
Award of Merit to Lelio-cattleya x luminosa (L. tenebrosa X C. aurea),
having straw coloureds epals and petals tinged with purple and a large, rosy-
lilac lip.

Messrs, James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a small group of Cypri-
pedium insigne Sander, propagated from a plant of the original stock,
and were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal. One plant bore seven tlowers.

M.A. A. Peeters, Saint Gilles, Brussels, showed some good forms of C.
xX Whitei, home raised, C. X Mantinii, C. x Goossensiana, and Lelia X Iona.
AT the meeting held on November 26th there was again a fine display of
Orchids.

G. F. Moore, Esq., Bourton-on-the-Water, staged a fine series: of cut
Cypripediums, which gained a Silver-gilt Flora Medal. It contained over
150 blooms, and included a fine series of C. X Leeanum and C. insigne
forms, among which C. i. Harefield Hall var. was the largest; alsoC. X
Arthurianum, and others.

R. Tunstill, Esq., Monkholme, Burnley (gr. Mr. Balmforth), sent,
Cypripedium insigne Sander in extremely fine condition, also C. X Helen
(insigne Chantini x bellatulum), a fine thing of intermediate character
and a good Cattleya X Portia (Bowringiana x labiata), the two latter each
receiving an Award of Merit.

F. A. Rehder, Esq., Gipsy Hill (gr. Mr. Norris), staged a fine group of
hybrid Cypripediums, to which a Bronze Banksian Medal was given.

Mrs. Haywood, Woodhatch, Reigate (gr. Mr. Salter) received an Award
of Merit for Cypripedium x Hitchinsiz (insigne x Charlesworthii).

F. Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking, sent Cypripedium X Massi-
anum, and C. X Salus (concolor x Dayana), the latter a fine thing, which
received an Award of Merit.

J. Gurney, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford (gr. Mr. Davis), received an
Award of Merit for a handsome hybrid called Cypripedium x Mrs. Alfred
Fowler (Charlesworthii x Lathamianum).

W. F. Bibbey, Esq., Hardwicke Grange, Shrewsbury (gr. Mr. Taylor),
sent spikes of two good forms of Cattleya labiata.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Stables), sent
the handsome Odontoglossum crispum Crawshayanum.

Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Chapman), sent a hybrid
Cattleya, apparently a form of C. x intricata.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 367

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. Chap-
man) sent Cypripedium insigne Arthurianum, a good form with large dark
markings on the dorsal sepal.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, sent a very fine group of hybrid
Lelio-cattleyas, with a few others, which gained a Silver Flora Medal.
A. First-class Certificate was given to L.-c. x Semiramis superba (L.
Perrinii X C. Gaskelliana), a very large and handsome form, and Awards
of Merit to L.-c. x Illione (C. Bowringiana X L.-c. X Dominiana-
langleyensis), and Lelia X Omen (autumnalis X purpurata).

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Cottingley, Bingley, received a Silver Banksian
Medal for a fine group of Cypripediums, including some good forms of C,
insigne, and various interesting hybrids, among which C. X Menelik
(Boxallii x Calypso), and C. X radians (Charlesworthii x Spicerianum).
were noteworthy.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park. showed a plant called
Cattleya xX Grossii, a supposed natural hybrid from Brazil, much
resembling C. bicolor, but with a trace of spotting on the petals.

MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID.
A Mretinc was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on November
7th, when some fine Orchids were shown.

M. A.A. Peeters, Brussels, exhibited a fine plant of Cattleya ¥ Hardyana
alba, having white sepals and petals, and a lip of the usual colour. It was
greatly admired, and received a First-class Certificate and a Silver Medal.

Captain C. C. Hurst, Hinckley, received a First-class Certificate for
Cattleya x Iris oculata, a handsome variety, having well-defined yellow
blotches in the throat, as in C. Warscewiczii.

E. Rogerson, Esq., Didsbury, received a Silver Medal for a group of
Orchids, among them being a plant exhibited as Lycaste X Rogersoni, a
supposed natural hybrid between L. Skinneri and L. plana, which received
an Award of Merit, and a fine plant of Cypripedium insigne Harefield Hall
var., having the flowers of a yellow hue, which it was suggested might be
due to age.

T. Statter, Esq., Whitefield, sent a fine Cypripedium x Leeanum
Albertianum and Leelio-cattleya Statteriana. :

S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range, sent a few good plants, am
being’a fine Cypripedium insigne Sanderianum.

Mr. W. B. Upjohn received a Bronze Medal for a well-grown collection
of Cattleya Bowringiana.

Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley,
Cypripediums, an Award of Mer
to another plant called Cymbidium cyperifolium.

ong them

received a Bronze Medal for a group of
it also going to C. insigne picturatum, and

368 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A second Meeting was held on November 2ist, and brought together a —
fine display.

S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range, exhibited a choice group of Cypri-
pediums, which gained a Silver Medal. It contained several fine forms of
C. insigne, a very fine plant of C. i. Harefield Hall var. being much admired.
Among plants that came under the Committee’s notice was C. callosum
Gratrixiz, which was quite different in character from what it was when shown
in February last, the pouch being now of a dark polished mahogany colour,
instead of greenish yellow. The Committee desired to see this plant again.
C. insigne var. Mary Amelia Gratrix received a First-class Certificate. It is
a bold flower, and very richly marked. C. i. var. George Cypher received
an Award of Merit, as did also C. X Bookeri (C. ciliolare X Spicerianum),

O.O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury, staged one of the best cultivated collections of
Cypripediums ever seen in or out of Manchester. The plants were not
ponderous specimens, but fine useful pieces, with marvellous foliage, and
nearly every other growth bearing a flower. A Silver Gilt Medal and
Cultural Commendation were awarded. Awards of Merit were given to
C. x Leeanum virginale, a nicely-shaped flower with a very pure dorsal
sepal, and to C. insigne var. Marion, a good variety; and a First-class
Certiticate to C. i. speciosum.

M. Lucien Linden, Brussels, exhibited Cypripedium insigne Chantini
var. Lindeni, a beautiful yellow form, which gained a First-class Certificate ;
also C. i. Lucianiand Cattleya X Lansbergii (C. labiata x C. Dowiana aurea).

Messrs. Stanley, Ashton & Co., Southgate, staged a few good plants,
the best being Lelio-cattleya x Hettie (L. tenebrosa x C. Warscewiczii),
with a very fine dark lip, which gained a First-class Certificate. Another
good thing was Cattleya X Julie (C. Bowringiana xX Jabiata), well inter-
mediate between the parents, which received an Award of Merit. Lzeelio-
cattleya X Decia superba also received an Award of Merit.

A. Z. Lees, Esq., Stretford, exhibited a small collection of Cypripediums,
and received a Vote of Thanks.

W. E. Watson, Esq., Stretford, exhibited a small group of Cypri-
pediums, in which was noticed a nice plant of C.insigne Balliz. A Bronze
Medal was awarded.

R. Tunstill, Esq., Burnley, exhibited a very fine form of Cypripedium
insigne Sanderz called Monkholme var., a flower of great solidity and distinct
form, which the Committee deemed worthy of a First-class Certificate.

Mr. A. J, Keeling, Bingley, had a few nice Cypripediums, a First-class
Certificate going to C. insigne var. Brightness, and an Award of Merit to
C. X Acteus High View var.

Mr. J. Robson, Altrincham, received a First-class Certificate for Cypri-
pedium Lawrenceanum X concolor—a very fine, well-marked flower.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 369

CYPRIPEDIUM FRED. HARDY.

‘On November 14th, 1896, a very interesting little plant from the collection of
F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey, received an Award of Merit
from the R. H. S., under the provisional name of Cypripedium Fred. Hardy.
Shortly afterwards it was figured in these pages (vol. v. p. 17), when its his-
tory was also given, so far as that was known. There remained, however,
some uncertainty as to whether the plant was an albino of C. Charlesworthii
ora natural hybrid. The general similarity to that species, and the identical
staminode, favoured the former view, but the differently shaped dorsal sepal,
and the relatively narrow petals, were characters difficult to account for, and
the point never seems to have been cleared up. In Sander’s Orchid Guide the
plant is enumerated as a natural hybrid between C. Charlesworthii and C.

Fic. 52. CYPRIPEDIUM Frep Harpy.

Spicerianum? The circumstance now to be related rather tends to deepen
the mystery. Mr. R. Eichel, Exotic Nursery, Eldwick, Bingley, sends for
inspection a twin-flowered scape, with the uppermost flower, of ‘‘a seed-
ling raised from C. Spicerianum x Charlesworthii,” which is said to have
taken ‘‘ just over three years from sowing the seed until the flower stage
was reached.” The plant is said to be still very small. Being much struck
with the general resemblance of the flower to that of C. Fred. Hardy we
wrote to Mr. Eichel asking if there was any possible doubt in the matter.
His reply is that there is absolutely no doubt about the parentage, and that
he has two more plants, which, however, are too small to flower. The

379 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

leaves are said to be about intermediate between those of the two parents,
favouring C. Charlesworthii slightly. We now repeat the illustration of C.
Fred. Hardy, comparing with it the new seedling. The two agree fairly
well in the shape of the dorsal sepal, particularly in the way it is folded near
the apex, a character markedly different from the flat or slightly concave shape
of C. Charlesworthii. The colour is white, with, in the new seedling, a little
light yellow at the extreme base, and on it a trace of purple staining on
either side. The petals spread almost horizontally, as in C. Charlesworthii,
and are light yellow in colour, but with the darker marbling of the latter
almost or quite obliterated. The pouch is light greenish yellow, rather
shorter than in the above figure, and the staminode is broadly obovate, and
porcelain white, with a yellow horn. These are almost the characters
recorded of the earlier form, and the resemblance can scarcely be without
significance. Without the definite record given above one would not have
taken the present seedling as descended from C. Spicerianum. The absence
of the purple band of the dorsal sepal, of the undulations of the upper
margin of the petals, and of the colour and shape of the staminode—
characters which are rarely quite absent from any Spicerianum hybrid—
would be held as sufficient evidence for scouting the idea, and if this be so
in the case of an artificial hybrid, it applies with additional force to the idea
of C. Fred. Hardy being a natural hybrid between the same two species, for
we have no evidence that the two grow intermixed. Whatever may be the
real significance of the facts now pointed out, we have herea very interest-
ing problem, and we hope that anyone who can throw further light on the
matter will not hesitate to do so.

There is another closely allied plant about which very little seems to be
known, namely, C. Crawshawe, which was described as a new species by
Mr. J. O’Brien in 1898 (Gard. Chron., 18098, xxiii., p. 18), as follows :—
“Some time ago, Messrs. J. Charlesworth & Co., of Heaton, Bradford,
received from the Shan States a few plants of a quite new Cypripedium,
which, after the manner peculiar to many good things, did not readily bear
travel. The plant which I have seen somewhat resembles C. Parishii in
growth, but the leaf and size of the plant are more those of C. Charles-
worthii. The leaves are, however, much more fleshy than those of that ~
species, and bright green above, and entirely grayish-green beneath, the
plant in no part exhibiting the purple markings usually seen on C. Charles-
worthii. The collector’s letter and a fine, dried flower have now been for-
warded. The collector says :—‘It is an entirely new Cypripedium. The
flower stalk is green and hairy ; the flower is shaped like C. Charlesworthii,
but it is larger, and the purple markings are entirely absent. In this the
upper sepal is pure white, with a pale greenish blotch at the base and a
very slight tinge of the same colour at the lip. The petals, lip, and lower

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 372

sepal are entirely of a pale, greenish yellow colour—my natives describe
this as wa-pyan-byan—a soft yellow. The whole flower is very glossy, and I
consider it a much finer thing than C. Charlesworthii.’ The dried flower
sent seems to bear out the collector’s statement exactly. It may roughly
be described as resembling C. insigne Sanderz in colour, but with more of
the form of C. Charlesworthii. In size, however, it is superior to both.
Mr. Charlesworth wishes it to be dedicated to his sister.” It ought now
to be possible to give some more definite idea of what the plant is.

4

Fic. 53. L#LIo-CATTLEYA X WILSONIA.

WE are now able to give an illustration of the pretty little Lelio-cattleya
Xx Wilsoniz which was described at page 324 of our last issue. A photo-
graph of a flower from the certificated plant was taken by Mr. H. J.
Chapman, and forwarded to us, and is here reproduced. As already
mentioned, the plant is a reputed hybrid between Lelia Dayana and
Cattleya labiata, but there is a striking resemblance to L. pumila in the lip,
and a pair of orange blotches in the throat which are suggestive of C.
Warscewiczii. The point may be cleared up hereafter. Meantime it Is
useful to preserve so graphic a record of the plant.

372 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR DECEMBER.
By H. A. BuRBERRY, Orchid Specialist, King’s ‘Heath, Birmingham.

THE temperature should now be as follows :—

Coot Housr.—Day, 50° to 60° ; night, 45° to 50°.

INTERMEDIATE HousEe.—Day, 55° to 65; night, 50° to 55°.

East Inp1an Housr.—Day, 60° to 70°; night, 55° to 60°.

Tue Coot Housr.—Ventilate as freely. on all occasions as the outside
conditions permit. Water very sparingly in all cases, no matter whether
the plant is dormant or making growth. The roots of any Orchid, if
examined after the winter has passed, will be found more healthy and more
numerous on those plants that have been rather dry than on those kept wet ;
therefore the former have more power, and soon run away from the latter.
Once a day will now be necessary for damping down, and even that may not
be required if the weather is damp and mild.

THE CATTLEYA, INTERMEDIATE, AND East Inp1AN Hovuses.—The
above advice is equally applicable to these, excepting that the greater the
amount of fire heat necessary, the greater also must be the supply of
moisture distributed for evaporating purposes. Damping down will there-
fore be required once a day or more, according to circumstances.

Focs.—These have been so prevalent this autumn that Iam afraid Orchid
growers in large manufacturing towns, where smoke and noxious fumes are
prevalent, have lost the chief beauty of their autumn and winter blooming
plants. The grower is almost helpless in the matter; whatever his special
treatment during a fog, he cannot wholly save the blooms, buds, and foliage. It
is granted by all that the house should be then rendered as air-tight as possible,
so that the fumes are shut out as well as can be. But whether to keep the
atmosphere moist or dry seems still a debatable point. I have found a
smaller loss from my plants with a moist atmosphere than adry one. Other
well-known growers recommend the reverse order of things. I should like
to hear a census of opinions on this matter.

The Dendrobiums should by this time have become quite matured and
hardened, and capable of withstanding great drought. Several of the
earliest to bloom, such as D. x Cassiope, D. X endocharis, D. moniliforme,
D. aureum, &c., will now have their flower buds pretty far advanced, and
should be removed from their dry resting department to an intermediate
temperature, so that they may come on slowly but surely. To put them in
strong heat and to water heavily at this juncture would mean ruin to the
crop of flowers, and most likely to the plants as well. It is only a few of
the very earliest that may be selected for blooming before Christmas.
Endeavour to keep the bulk back well into the new year, and better flowers
and healthier plants will result.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 373

Cattleya Percivaliana will be the next of the labiata section to flower, and
some of its varieties are very beautiful. It is a free-growing species, but
unfortunately not very free-flowering. Sheaths, however, appear plenteously,
but the flowers are most sensitive, frequently failing to push, although they
start todo so. A slight check during this embryo stage seems sufficient to
cause failure. After the new pseudobulbs have matured it is best to select
a nice, warm, and fairly dry position for them, watering them at the same
time very sparingly throughout the flowering process. I have noticed that a
wet state at the root, also asudden low temperature, is very detrimental.
C. Trianz is also pushing flower buds, and is not so sensitive as the
foregoing; but still the flowers do sometimes fail, and turn yellow in the
sheath from the same causes. But Cattleyas are not the only culprits in
this respect. Any other species that produces its flowers in mid-winter is
liable to the same fate. It must not always be attributed to the fault of the
grower ; he can only do his best, and, however skilful, he will not always.
counteract the natural climatic conditions over which he has no control.

In the East Indian house the Phalznopses will be pushing flower spikes,
but careful watering here also must prevail. It is thought sometimes that
Orchids having no pseudobulbs, like these, cannot successfully withstand so
much drought as those having them. Doubtless this is true, if a test of
endurance was tried; but still it is remarkable what a little water is really
necessary for the wants of pseudobulbless Orchids during the winter or
resting season. For the next month or two they should certainly not be
dipped or otherwise soaked with water; a surface wetting with a syringe
occasionally being by far the safer plan.

Again, take the case of Masdevallias. It is marvellous the amount of
drought they withstand, and then come out, when winter is over, with
healthier foliage and with more flower spikes than those pampered up with
too much moisture. It is over-watering which causes Masdevallia foliage
to fall off—rotted at the base—during winter, rather than the low tem-
perature to which it is generally attributed.

Peristeria elata should now be producing flower spikes. We seldom
come across really well-grown specimens of this species; generally it is
attacked with the black spot on the pseudobulb, which points to a moist and
sappy growth. It is an ordinary East Indian house or stove plant, and the
best specimens I have yet seen have been potted in ordinary potting soil of
loam, leaf-mould, and sand, and then not again disturbed until they have
actually overgrown their pots. Watering should at all times be done
carefully, and a short dry rest given immediately after blooming.

The glass roof should by this time have been freed from dirt, so as to
allow the maximum of light. See that each plant on the stages receives an
equal share of light, by even and regular staging, so that the small ones may

374 LHE ORCHID REVIEW.

have as good a chance as the large ones. A good supply of sphagnum and
peat should be laid in this month ready for emergency. The new oak and
beach leaves should be occasionally turned and exposed to the weather, so
that decomposition is hastened in time for use in early spring.

ORCHIDS IN SEASON.

A MAGNIFICENT six-flowered inflorescence of Cattleya xX Mrs. J. W.
Whitely is sent from the collection of Sir James Miller, Bart., Manderston,
Duns, N.B., by Mr. Hamilton. Its parentage is given as C. Bowringiana
x C. X Massiana—the latter of course being a form of C. xX Hardyana.
This beautiful hybrid might be described as an improved C. X Mantinii
nobilior (flowers of which are also sent for comparison), so great is the
general resemblance, but besides the enhanced size, there is more yellow in
the throat—a character which may be traced to the influence of C.
Warscewiczii. The flower is almost perfect in shape, and the petals are 17
inches broad, with other dimensions in proportion. The colour may be
described as brilliant purple-rose, and the effect, especially by artificial
light, is superb. A light form of L.-c. x Statteriana, from a plant flower-
ing for the first time, is also sent.

Some beautiful flowers are sent from the collection of the Right Hon.
Joseph Chamberlain, m.p., by Mr. Mackay, amongst them being Leelio-
cattleya Statteriana and L.-c. X Semiramis, two of the handsome hybrids
from Lelia Perrinii. Cattleya x suavior is a charming hybrid from C.
intermedia and C. Mendelii, originally raised by Messrs. Veitch, and as
nearly intermediate between the two parents as could be expected, both in
shape and colour. Other interesting things are Cattleya x O’Brieniana,
and the beautiful Dendrobium x formoso-Lowii, most like D. formosum in
shape and colour, but with the characteristic hairy disc of D. Lowii.

Several fine things are sent from the collection of E. J. Lovell, Esq.,
Oakhurst, Oxted, by Mr. Jones, including a very beautiful Cattleya Dow-
iana aurea with a large amount of yellow on the lip, a light form of C.
Loddigesii which was nearly white when it first opened, C. Bowringiana,
and the rare C. Dormaniana. Three flowers of the brilliant little Sophronitis
grandiflora differ much in size, and Mr. Jones remarks that as a result 0
growing them this year in the Intermediate House they have flowered fully
six months earlier than last season. Three flowers of Lycaste Skinneri are
sent to show the wide amount of variation in the species, these being
selected from a batch of twenty plants which have been in flower for some
weeks, no two being exactly alike. One has a very richly coloured lip. A
good Paphiopedilum x Allanianum has a twin-flowered scape, and the
petals are densely spotted throughout as in the Curtisii parent, while the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 37§

dorsal sepal is well-coloured at the base, and the dark band of Spicerianum
is very prominent. Three good forms of P. insigne, and avery
well-shaped Odontoglossum crispum complete the list.

A good, richly-coloured flower of Cattleya Dowiana aurea is sent from the
collection of F. M. Burton, Esq., Highfield, Gainsborough, which illustrates
the decorative value of the plant at this season. A fine form of Paphio-
pedilum tonsum is also sent.

A beautiful inflorescence of Epidendrum vitellinum is sent from the
collection of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone. Mr. Stevens
remarks that they have plants carrying five to eight spikes, and that they
are very bright and showy at this season of the year. The rare Odonto-
glossum prestans is also sent.

NOTES.
THE next meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on December 17th, when the
Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon.

The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold its last
meeting for the present year at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on Decem-
ber 12th. The Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open
to inspection from 1 to 3 p.m.

A Singapore paper states that the plant of Grammatophyllum speciosum
in the Singapore Botanic Garden has this year produced fifty-five spikes,
with an aggregate of over 3,000 flowers and buds. It is interesting to note
that the large plant in the Victoria House at Kew is at last producing two
spikes, which are now about half grown.

A very large and handsome form of Lelio-cattleya x bletchleyensis has
been sent by M. Ch. Vuylsteke, Loochristi, Ghent, with the record of
parentage Cattleya Warscewiczii @? xX Lelia tenebrosa ¢. The petals
measure 4 inches long by over 2} inches broad, and are bright rose-purple
in colour, while the lip is of corresponding dimensions, and is rather darker
in colour, with a zone of blackish-purple in the throat.

Two flowers of Paphiopedilum insigne with curiously deformed lips are
sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, and
Mr. Rogers states that last year the flowers of this plant were without any
lips at all.

Flowers of what appear to be Paphiopedilum x regale (insigne x
purpuratum) are sent from the collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., of Teign-
mouth, one of which has the lip divided into two almost petal-like organs,
while the column bears three stamens in addition to the usual staminode.

376 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

ANGR&CUM SANDERIANUM.—/Journ. R. Hort. Soc., xxvi., p- 150, fig. 79 ;
Journ. Hort., 1got, xliii., p. 459, with fig.

BULBOPHYLLUM BARBIGERUM.—/Journ. R. Hort. Soc., xxvi., p. 142,
fig. 73:

BULBOPHYLLUM DayANuM.—1.c., p. 142, fig. 73.

BULBOPHYLLUM PATENS.—l.c., p. 142, fig. 73.

BULBOPHYLLUM TREMULUM.—1.c., p. 142, fig. 72.

CATTLEYA X BROWNIZ, VEITCH’s VAR.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii.,
p- 437, with fig.

CIRRHOPETALUM FIMBRIATUM.—/ourn. R. Hort. Soc., xxvi., p. 104,
figs 7i-

CIRRHOPETALUM ROXBURGHII.—1.c., p. 139, fig. 70.

C@LOGYNE Dayana.—Amer. Gard., xxii., p. 731, fig. 153.

LipaRIS TRICALLOSA, Rchb. f.—Bot. Mag., t. 7804.

MASDEVALLIA EstrRaD#&.—Journ. R. Hort. Soc., xxvi., p. 146, fig. 75.

MASDEVALLIA WAGENERIANA.—I.c., p. 142, fig. 73.

MEGACLINIUM FALCATUM.—1.c., p. 142, fig. 73.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CIRRHOSUM.—Journ. Hort., 1901, xliii., p. 415, with fig.

ODONTOGLOSSUM MACULATUM.—Jouyn. Hort., 1901, xliii., p. 415, with
fig.
PHRAGMIPEDILUM X MACROCHILUM. — Amer. Gard., xxii., p. 763,
fig. 160.

PuysosipHon LoppicEst1.—Journ. R. Hort. Soc., xxvi., p. 151, fig. 80.

PLEUROTHALLIS GROBYI.—HL.c., p. 142, fig. 73; p. 148, fig. 77.

PLEUROTHALLIS ORNATA.—di.¢c., p. 149, fig. 78.

PLEUROTHALLIS ROEZLII.—L.c., p. 147, se FA

SARCOCHILUS HARTMANII.—l.c., p. 144, fig. 74.

SOPHRONITIS GRANDIFLORA Rossi aan —Gard. Mag., 1901, p- i
with fig.

TEVORIA CHLORIS, Lehm.—Bot. Mag., t. 7805.

" CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

i a not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and im some

S, for various reasons, the ‘or a future issue. In the case of hybrid seedlings

sad ia name, the parentage and | history s should always be briefly stated, for without these deal we
é no t always able to deal with them satisfactorily.)

G. B. Possibly a form of Paphiopedilum x Harrisianum.
A.J. K. Cymbidium — with rather narrow leaves.
_1, B. Oncidium bico;

«3. D. Eisai 5 x oie Paphiopedilum not yet identified. Thanks for note.
A.H.N, Lelia autumnalis (not var. aes ee a ee form of L. x Gouldiana-
‘Photographs received, with thanks. W.S. Nex
0.0.W., D.W., with several others. Sameiady eS till next month.

INDEX.

ACAMPE MULTIFLORA
Acanthophippium bicolor 135,
a Hrubya
erties saa
ramosa, 352
Aérides affine

340; dentiens, 2

243 3 Fieldingii, pike ple,

odoratum, 2 ; quin 229 ; ro
um, 243; Veitchii, 244; Williamsii, 244.
Aérides and allies, 85.
Aganisia pulchella, 331.
Albinism, 353.
Ames’ collection of drawings, 30.

bbii, 243 ; enti.

Angraecum bilobum, 334; caudatum, 164;

distichum, oe eburneum, 37, 713 Eic h-

es,

Agrecums, 86.

Anguloa ere
oa

Angu

ean setaceus. 167.

Ants, ee

Apestastic

Aspasia reas. 164.

20; dubia,

x
208 ; uniflora, 208.

BARKERIA LINDLEYANA, 94.

Batemannia Burtii, 220; Colleyi, 134.

ngereraes ir: of Mexico and Guate-

Bifrenaria aurantiaca, 164.

Bletia ne ea 134; Parkinsoni, 332
patula, 165; reflexa, 136 ; Shepherdi, 134.

Bollea os gee ae

Books, Not ——Burberry’s Amateur
Orchid Colivaice? Guide Book, 146;
ders’ Orchid Guide Book, 19:

an

Brachionidium PE A 75.

ecco nA pidata, 333; glauca,
Perri ; tube reulata, 70.

Brassia oe 136 ; verrucosa, 334.

333 4

Brassocattleya X nivalis, 182.
Bulbophyllum, 360; au um,
rbi 7; 301;

i: rene re 272, longi-
sepalum, 272; Micholitzii, 272; salta-
torium, 167; tremulum, 361.

Boo
tates candida,
Butterfly, larva Paar on n Orchids, 30.

ee Amateur Orchid Cultivators’ Guide
146,

207 ; |

CALANTHE X Dominii, 4, si furcata, 2305
grandiflora I4l; mada-
gascariensis I1 ; X
Regnieri, 77, 1413 7

; ora.
vy. oculata-gigantea, ists E v.
(double) 30 ; Warpuri,

Calanthes, 123, 307; culture of, 77;
deciduous, 246 ; evergreen, 308 ; spot on,
79:

Calendar of Operations, 28, 57, 83, Pt 147,
171, 210, 245, 275, 306, 342, 372
| Campylocentrum micranthum, 136.
| Catasetum, 167 ; callosum, 334; cornutum,

334; cristatum, 167; deltoideum, Hee eburn-
a Si uridum, 135; macrocarpum

; quadridens, 340; Russellianum,
po : nna 334; trifidum, 134

Catasetums, 362.

Cattleya Aclandiz, Da 33 Av alba: 2255
amethystoglossa, ; (x Epidendrum
B ee ; aurantiaca, 230;

x Bactia, 350, bicolor, 266, 304; (x
gigas), 318; (x Leopoldi), 349; x
blesensis, 312; Bowringiana, 3473; X

lavescens, 299,
Gaskelliana,

_ Germa ni

317
oa 367 ;

of)

378

Cattley
x ee 368; < Kerchoveana, feet labiata.
26/85: ok (abnormal), 234 ; merous),
323. (va eties), 103, 104, 204 3 nk
Whitclegge 349; 1. glauca, 349; 1. R.
Measures’ var., 3 358 3 x dy Ingram,
Maron’s Ripe! 338, 349; X da, 533
Loddigesii (x x GaSkeltiana virginalis), 299;
x tattle: - 9; Lued a Stanleyi,

INDEX.

' Ceratochilus oculata, 132.

Certificates, 1393 be gh 162 ; cultura
162 ; First-class, 162,
br eae 17793345

Chysis aurea, 166;
i levis, 334; X Sedeni,

Chelsoni, 177 ;
ge 70; obtusata, 167 ; viridipurpurea,

Canepa Se ecoraanatiee pee

a
Mendelii, 222; (abnormal), 205, 222, 223 ; mbriatum
(with three lips), 233; M. albescens, 251 ; Meduse, wt ; 359 ; robus-
olton’s var., 220; M. Edward VII, um, 359 5 Sehschildiangtty 355, 365;
untee ne gigantea, 185; = peat Cockroach, as B72.
ey : esha bert Tonstill, para Cochlioda vulcanica grandiflora, 54.
M. Geek. Abo + Me earl, Ccelia macrostachya, 286.
1535 M- t Point Var, 2533; x Mi oi
lie arf, Rabe a0 CRAIG Teen eno) 9
mollis uss Lois, 365; Mossiz, 33, 2313 :
(abnorma 222 5.(m jeak mould 323 5 Wallichiana “ie
( siete, "260; M. Arnoldiana, 253; M. be Orchids 0 of bee A pete Le
uchess of Yo rk, 188 ; M. Evelyn Sloane, oO4 300
259 ; uM heatonensis, 189 ; M. Mire haw Dictionnaire Teonographigue des Orchids
Ashton, 218; M. Shamrock II., 221, 259; 9, 215.
M Herbert Graves, 349; X Mrs. = 2
IW. pelea a7 Niobe; sha Colax placanthera, 72 ; bie ota 72.
Parthenia Prince of Wales, . Compost, 258; bracken ane 3533
rosea, 351; Percivaliana, 373; Perrinu, cocoa-nut fibre, 173, 3533 humus, 3213
a1; a, 366 ; pumila, 232 ; quad jadoo fibre, 73; leaf- mould, 172, 2575
olor, 319; René, 248; Rex, 302;(X Lalio- | 258, 269, 302, 308, 323; loam, 2585
cattle elegans), 302 ; oezlii, 2533 Osmunda fibre, 110; peat, 258 ; Poly-
ee Schroederz, 158, 189 ium fibre, ae ai 3233. fem
S. alba, 150, -coerulescens, 189 ; 3 bruyere, 2 57, 2 269 ; uses of, 258; What's
Distinction, 188; S. heatonensis, 182 ; S. co t? 2585 willow roots, 257-
ag aes gs Queen Alexandra, 117 ; f ; 2
ee ee ie: Sistine, me | Comparettia coccinea, ue a
albens felines car 180; 2217'S. Temple’s _ Correspondence, &c., 32, 64, es 128, I
var., 220; X sororia, 267; X_ suavior, 192, 224, 256, 288, 329, 352
are a ae cn fe iat ra BS “ Corticoatzontecoxochitl,” 332.
Wane, 91,247, 373 ; zlia rupestris), : 5 :
340 ; (varieties of}, 98, 138; T. alba, a aaa, 362 ; maculata, 71; speciosa,
EL, Snowflake, 116 ; Amesiana, 144 Z

a ‘
T. Backhousiana, 92 ; T. Coun
var., 144 ; T. delicata, 46 ;
“iM Godiva, 1445-1. Gratrixiana, 553
Ida. Foie cP Lee’s variety, 116; T. }

var., 34!
; x Whitei, ae

366; x Wilsoniana, 266 ; x Zep
Cattleya, chemical composition of, 357.
Cattleya fly, 8.
Cattleyas, 59; au a sige flowering, 343;
Brazilian, 204; in leaf-mould, 301:

natural Ries 204.

a, 90.

Crispin, G., Honour for, 94.
Cruikshank, George, 228.

Cycnoches 362; Egerton nianum, 2293
| “Loddigesii, 133, 230; maculatum, 334;
ventricosum, 229
Cymbidium aloifolium, 198 5 cyperifolium,
367 ; X eburneo-Lowianum concolor, 1185
Hookeria vary 1153

um, 10;
. Crawshayanum, 32.

basic io peugeot ss 20; fastigiata, 167;

gibbos ; Lowiana, 20 ; purpurascens,
To, 20, ee

Cypripedilez, 175, 176.

Cypripedilum, 174, 1763 Cypripedilum
group, 174.

Cypripedilum Regine, 45.

INDEX

oe 174, 10; X Acteus High

Vie 368; x A. de Lairesse, 2995

x a leeds var. Dakini, > x annha-
A

117; a pines was

e ling,

276; (Xx spears te so; Gy High

< or Reo Cn A ades Hera, 115;
Fairrieanum, 156,299; X Fascinator, 54 ;
x Flambeau, 26's a Fr; ee 22) DA's
x Francisii, 60 ; ne Le y, 369; X
Sees ; nedes, 2193
x Garb 345; teu 150;

Godefroyz "(x insigne), 117 ; guttatum

oy, 255 ; X Harrisianum (X x Chapmanii),
284; X H. rbum, 115; Hele

366; Hilda ah 3 Hitchinsize,
OO 525K *Ansoni,

H 153
283 5 insigne, 2, 48 > h "AG asda 367; ;
Berryanum, 24; i. Brightness, 368;

Chant Lindeni, 24, 368; 1. ee phy.
i. George C | eee:
a ee ae ae King
Edwatd VII, 553 1. Lugant 24, ae si. Luci-
Marion, 368; 1. Mary

bas

368; X , Howes, 24;
she.

Low's var., 252, 28
tock, 155 ; X La thamianum inversum, I15 ;
x L: poe 2993. % L. O kw ood . or
350 x L
wrenceanum (X concolor) 3

1

68 ; “tx
sc oiwartdl
x

reenwood, ; X Lord Der
Se x Lucie, 317; X Mac
lanei, 350; macranthon, ; x Madame
Jules Hye, 55; X Maudie, 24, 1173

. magnificum, 252, o; X Menelik,
67 iss 3

a,
Hassein Kamil, 22; purpuratum, 68, 166 ;

379

OO, um—

2) olf Ay. 2875 Roths-
childiano-Lawrenceanum, 345; Roths-
childia’ I Salus, 366;

533
Shillianum magnificum, 220; X 51
curum, 68; specta

magni icero-nitens, 24 ;
x Statterianum ecambad Lodge var., 24 ;
X% tixallense, 345; tonsum (x Lawrence-
anum), 318; (X philipinense) 2853 X
Transvaal, 284; x T. W. Bon Coundon
Court var., 87 ; ixia superbum, 2

x Urania, 218 ; virens eg ilkinsoni,
Libs Wolterianum, x Wott

113
superbum, 188; x Zethus, 7.

Cypripedium, future of the, 60, 76.

ge 66, 76, 143, 212, 344; Go Id
Medal fs photograph of, 555 Poe
70; in le rie Id, , 323; Rust on, 64;

Winter-blooming, a
Cyrtochilum flavescens, 133:

Cyrtopodium punctatum, 166.

DENDROBIUM aggregatum, 135; x Ains-
8; x A. Edithe, 119; x

2, 27
m, 287; Boxallii, 189; Brymerianum
Burberryanum, 170;

teum, 170; . igne

°
Mr. Jo ohn Cypher, 1163 x C.n obilius, 170%
340

dens: ilorum,

arii, 109; 136;
5K ola 37.8

Dea:
dulce Oakwood var.,

170; nobile, 55, 73:

doors), 355» 364; 0. siidowmes 935735
57S; PDeccrortb,

118; n. Duckworthii, 1163 n. High View

var, 15ts nobilius, 73, 75, 3493

380 INDEX.

Dendrobrium— cae rum—
n. Sanderianum, 73,75; n- Wrigleyanum, pygm 134; radicans, 103, 230;
150, 157; Paxtoni, aa 3 Phalenopsis, 2775 rhizophorvim. 330; Skinneri, 165; steno-
300, ee ae ; xX Pitcherianum, petalum, 136; tibicinis, nt vitellinum,
93.5 x P. Relfex, 735743 pulchellim, $33.5 (aoubie’, 336 ; Wallisii, 183.
13a, 283 : gens ig Wore : Epidendrums, Cuban, 280 ; ee 179.
Roeblingianum, 118; X Rubens, 107, 157; aos Eros, 349:
x R. grandi pecagee 80, 1.175:-% Schneideri- eases eS 8 oy iid
pecs Li6; 737: Sn eran, 150; X | Epiphronitis seedling, 103.
se Bi * souveni Se, See Epiphronitis x Veitchii, 227, 309.
Victoria, Sieh pectabile, e speciosum,
3553, % cndiisimam albens, 116; X Hale Lubbersiana, 215; lurida, 136;
Ss. Sieduiel sit 15, s. grandiflorum | onophyila, 1 11 ; pulchra, oh ; “ saande rsi-
Heightside ge = ; < Stator, Pada pense 3
793 nificum, II
superbum, Hig SecenionnaL T2975 rede | Events of the past year, II.
floru 218; enus, ; Victoria-
Regina, 34; x Waltoni, 157, 208; Wardi- FERNANDEZIA acuta, 136.
anum, 157, ( “ fe en erage
reesii 191; i

W. L
um, 82, 87; x Wilsoni, 1

Dendrobiums, 58, 211, 278, 359, 372; a
group of, 73; ¢ ses of, 107, 356; from
heltenham, ae from Tyntesfield, a70:;

Cc

hybridising, 341
Dendrochilum filiforme, 334.
Diacrium bicornutum, 134, 363.
“Dies Orchidianz,” by Serapias, 129.

Dies Orchidiani, 6, 35 65; 07, 129), 1015 |
» 321

193, 225)
Diplocentrum congestum, 80.

Disa X Clio, 274; x Diores, 274; grandi-
3°

OFay Be 21353755 x kewensis, 273,274 +
(<> Veitchi), 274; - k superba, 274; X
langleyensis, 273, 274; Premier, 273,

ee (X Veitchii), 2743 tri
petaloides, 273; X Veitchii, 273;
Watsoni,

Disas, 362; culture of, 274; hybrid, 273.
Dominy, the pioneer of hybridisation, 4.

EPICATTLEYA X Orpeti, 114, 228.

Epidendrum cab rene or atropur- —
pureum, 165; = ntiacum ; bicornu-
Se 134 ; cepiforme, 333; ae nabarinum,

ree radicans) 179; Claesianum, 515
Cian, is45 &. C. Mperiem,
clavatum, 165 ; densiflorum, 332; elon
atum, Endres
gracile, 136 3 Grahami, 280; H
134; imo srg 5305 la —

oi! (x *cinnabarinam),
103; vp: 179; (x sere
103; (X Pisa y son} dacdwiten.:

Parkinsonianum, 332 ; phceniceum ae
vanillosmum, 230; purum, 315, > 3183

wii, 208; X Wigani-
196.

ne 4
sio- -Wallisii, 243 |

Fogs, 372.

GARDENING t Mackay, J% 63:5 i
Maynard, Chines s, 191; Newell, Jo 2233
Rowley, J., 160; Stables, W. J. 1

Gastorchis, 42.

Gomeza Barkeri, 166.

| Gongora Charontis
| .Siedeliana, 181;
a.

, 264; maculata, 1333
speciosa, 71; viridi-pur-

Grammatophyllum multiflorum, 239; speci-
osum, 375.

| Grobya Amherstiz, 134.

| HABENARIA carnea, 277, 348 5
| — 3277, 297, 348; Cateare ges 299 5
| repen ; Susanne, 2

2 | ae 85; a group of, 297.

Houlletia odoratissima xanthina, 26.
Huntleya Meleagris, 230; violacea, 229, Sane
_ Hybrid, an Soe e 270; the first, 4%
What is a hybrid? 103.
3515

ge tenltinc ont American Confer ag han
of, 6, stand-

pro 11; viewed from
pone of systematic botany, 67
Hybridist, 35.

| Hybrids, 180, one at Bradford, 298; certifi-
hao:

cated, 11; of, 180; false, 5, 215, 2275
fertility of, 103; r bagevay 42 naming,
66; natural, 6, 12, 67; registration of, Bs

the Schénbrunn collection of, 92; true,

| INSECT pests, 210.
| Ionopsis tenera, 165.

| Kew and the naming of hybrids, 66 ; list
| of new garden plants, 226

INDEX.

ie 1A, 204; albida, 330; cies Os TBS, 247,

3353 (culture of), 27; alba, 46, 54;
Sanderiana, 0,10; “Simones so; A
Williamsii, 46; autumnalis, 330; a, alba, |

ana, 158; cinnabarina, ee —
ep citrind), 223, 227 30 C.,
Cow:

Deh igegetns 353 ;

(eC. Warscewicat) a 3533 igby ‘
purpur: 156; aniana. te %
Seats Graseren: pies xe: Schilleriana,
F.

4; X* Fimckemana, 9, 63;

ta,” 204;

fo) ajalis. 202, 3313
alba, 202, 312 zart, 181, 187;
Mrs. M. Gratrix, 23, 118; X randis,
24; x I ring k var. 112; X nigres-
Cens, 30, 53.x O 1 349; X a
367; X I'acavia, 285; —— 231; pum
232; p. preestans, 88; p. Que aie ae
88; purpurata Victoria, 150; F escens, |
333; rupestris, 346; Schiller ert 205;
ns ar ong os 223;(X Cattleya oslo.

3 L. Dayana), 189.

Lelias, 84; autumn-flowering, 9 ; Brazilian,
204. '

x Admiral Dewey,

Leelio-cattleya, 204;
1163 x

Agnes, 302; X Alberti, 15 ;
x

61; melia, 299 ;
oa 3385 Antimachus, 119; X
Ballii, Bertha, 255; x Binoti,
x blesensis, 312 ;

304, cow 326
ph gion bd 3753
allistoglossa Biew’s var. 55;

x Cappei, 38, 116, Moe ;
Xx Captain Percy

x
308 : x ok 61; x Dido; 186 ; ‘
Digbyano-Mendelii Hesse var o 53 ee
D. Imperatrice oo Russie, 181; Tying
Park va) ate 182; care an 285 ;

; Cowani, 127; X Shinde |

Lelio-cattleya—
X Helena,

htt

3293 New Century, 318 ; x ochracea,
ce Ophir, 350; x dra, 39; X
Pittiana, 205 ; x Powellii, 4350 X prestans-

rato-Aclandie,

bicolor, 316, 326 ;
8

3883 Robin Measur 285
xX Sallieri, 53; x Schilleriana, 221; xX
Semiramis superba, 367; x Senarti, 338;
x Stella, 285; x Sunray, 21; erentia,
a ruffautiana, 338 ; x Vacuna, 119 ;
ASH 3123 erelii, 15

x Wilsoniae, cay.
347, 3715 X Zephyra, 315.
Law Notes—Ashworth v. Wells

vy. The Earl of Aylesford, Us:

ford vy. L’Horticole Coloniale, We

gan, ; pass

| Le Doux, Richard, 63.

| Lehmann, as collector, 362.

| Lepanthes tridentata, 136.

Leptotes bicolor, 133.
Limatodes labrosa, 141 ; rosea, 140.
Limodorum tuberculosum, 42, 52, 67.

| Liparis guineensis, 135; tricallosa, 119.

| Listrostachys hamata, 61.
| Lycaste aromatica, 1733 i dgpo * gage ;

Se me ominiana, 351 3
D. langleyenis desk any 188 ; X Duke

of York, 326; valiana, 253; X Edgar
Wigan, 16 2 x G. orga
ANGLE; 220 5X "elegans, 279, 320
epicasta, 324; x Ernesti var. General
Buller, 117; xX Galatea, 31
Gladys, 188 e = Gottoiana, 63
Gravesiz, 92 G. S.- Ball, 1 ay ;
x Hamiltoni, ness Ye Ha roldiana, |
317; xX H. Charlesworth’s var., 348 ;

a 09; 319 5
sulphurea, 99 ; tetragona, 71 ; tricolor, 310.

Lycastes, 60; natural hybrid, 63, 99, 100,
309.

MACRADENIA triandra, 136.

Macrochilus Fryanus, 230.

Manchester and North of England Orchid
Society, 24, 53, 115, 150, 188, 220, 253, 283,
317, 359, 367 ; awards of. 1895 exhibition
of paintings, 54.

Mantin, Georges, 63.

Manure, 130, 163, 164, ; guano, 163 ; guano-
water, 48; Mr. Cookson’'s formula, 111,
130, 163 ; manure-water, 108, 246

So xX Alceste, 154 ; coccinea, pace :
2; infracta, 23

, 102; Sicsaeay
iain: 130, 131,
354 ; Venosa, 339; Sp. 130.
Masdevallias, 5, 59, 354, 362, 373.
Maxillaria cristata, 136; crocea, (1303

densa, 136;

ana, 354; -elll,
tetragona, 71 ; venusta, 344; viridis, 72
Megaclinium maximum, 167.
Megacliniums, 361.

Miltonia x Binoti, 292, 315; xX
i x Bleuana, 188 ;

m
5 apeneibes aches: 3285
W. Tanthee, 328.

Miltonia, Brazilian species of, 2 289.

Miltonias cs leaf-mould, 301, 323; natural
9, 345 |

hybrid, 2

Monachanth
color.

hus, ae 7
TY, 135 ; viridis.

Moorea irrorata, Be 158.

ees 362 ; sith eel ced ie 165 ; buc- |
am, 2135304

cinator, 334; luxat eburne

Oberlanderianum, 31

dete 167 ; baibelie 136 ; deltoideus, |

NAMEs, ere ante
of, 214, fo)

Nanodes discolor, 71 ; Medusze (X Cattleya
Mossiz), 353.

Natural hybrids, 67.

Neobenthamia gracilis, 23.

Neuwiedia, 244.

eo epeiags Hh 35, 82, 112, 130, 138, 180,
99, ; Span ies of, 259; binomial,
226; Cohnenitide GC, 104; confusion i in, 68,

97, 139, 226; io of — 128; 857°: of

varieties, 139 : Rules = Ue 45 fe

anted a Cencir; ” 194.

; pay sh pap eel —
< Bijou 146;

B. inter- |
Be

|
© Lodge |

cristatus, 167; dis- |
136.

INDEX.

| Novelties, Registration of, 97, 138.

OBITUARY, Baguley, John, 48; Cooke,
Sidney, a8 wv yphe e James, 356; Cypher,

| rs. 94; Pilcher, Charles, ars

| Qu een "Victoria: “In Memoriam,” 333
Rochford, Thomas, 3405" __schréder,
Baroness, 31 ; Smee, A. H.,

Adrianz, 115, 286; X a
A. Cobbianum, 1825 x

Countess Gs: 188, 221; XA: ae
uchess e Comwalt
Sas

30s hive Simonds
x A. Robertsianum, 543.
Steveka 313; X Anders
~ erts, 116; x A. Go

at La cee 4
i se i 261 ; bi
x Br raeckmanii, 23
Cc

oo
ie]

eco
| Clowesii, 331 ; Mrs. De B
| Crawshay, 90; cordatum, 230 ; x Craw-
| shayanum, 232, a _ crispo-Harry-

anum “ Lily,” ser: .-H. roseum, 365 ;

ono-

; c. Dorothy,
c. Empress F edetien
een: Fi5 sc. ye:

Domino,
ag VIL, 5662
188 Fairy

re)
we
“Oo
weet
A
oo
wee

®
Q
a
»
3
e°
Nn
iS)
1
ie)
-

ian, 2
c. c. Nee lo ta var., 283 3 ; =

4
77)
oO
o
-,
on
<
p
u
8
O°
rd
ae
we
aS
(2)
a
‘}
eee
=)
Co
beet

28
*
ss
3

vivie 2633 ae erate
56; oe eecelionk ‘Chasesworti, 254
ueen, 50 43; 3.5
aureum, 348, 351; Hallitheatonense, 187; H.
ing Edward VII, 182; Harryanum, 256;.

S
=
oO
st
N
ioe)
ve
Ses po* SO LOROE wB-
=f "ORC
ie!
n
¥
o
>
n
=H
Z
°
ba §
5
—s
NS
vt
=

INDEX. 383.

Mes oie Orchid culture, ee Beaton’s one

Humeanum, 260; Hunn Aree cee 3353 Cool, 5; Cooper’s treatment, :

286 ; te 58 Lg apdee 334 5 gel- early He of, 2°; ane! afoul 25s
jani, 222; xX lepidum, Pai ase 257, 00, 301, "321,

lteoporpureur, na cochristiense 59
a m. Bax

ee

dol, " Rochfordantm, a8
roseum, re 1. Statesman, “a.
Lucasianum, 219 ueopenparsi,
]. Burford var., undon Cou
P55 5 ma ie S335) (gm:
Duvivierianum, ree m. Thompsonianum,
paler , 115 ; nebulo-

side

ae Tdanbiel 426

1953 ow
150 hwaitesianum, 183, 206 ;
W. uimord ns var., 155 ; Yellow Gem,
Oe 261.

Cianpiacs: +e 250;

55 hybrid, 56, 67, 117,
-sobhi duty?
30,1 168;
40; se citing. 31, 188, 232; 299: variety in
139 ; winter treatment of, 3

Oncidium patna 215; ampliatum, a
cornutum, 36

Z.
=

; stramineum,
varicosum, 277.
pista 178, 343; in leaf-mould, 3o1,

tigrinum, 30

ori bes — , 98 ; basket, the first,
hic, 19

: re oo I 53
a tier nen poet a s at Kew, 215;
houses in India, 199; gine cture of an

Orchid lip,

Orchid Cultivation, the History of, 69, 132,
164, 228, 33

234; nomenclature, 194.

Gold _ Medal |

ing |
ver- poting

ae abroad and - hom

» 354) 3
fies of 53 Lindle’s Seton 3;
Paxton’s system, 4, 22 nnatural con-
ions, 3.

| Orchidology, annus mirabilis of, 166.

| Orchid

| Orchid Society as of an, 82, 97, 112, 138
180,

Review

Orchid peat Book, 6, 44.
oO rai sap bee a Cen

ULy Of, 23 10
in the Ganteenth me 2.

shal

desert, 198 ;

t Brad-

ford, 250, 298; a

ne he “ at Conga

Cove ou ane at ia
ew 21 i

ot
tors of, 33.

ent g summer, 357; propagation
of, 79, 124; Roraima, 75 ; raising from
eed, 18, I10, 129 oup of seedling,.
23% ing se of, 110; slipper, 175;

ines ois.

Ornithidium a 136;
Ornithidiums, 195.

Ornithocephalus multiflorus, 340.
Orpet, Orchid seedlings, 30, 110, 129.

coccineum, 190~

PANISEA TRICALLOSA, 340.
Paphinia cristata, 136.

SS be 176; X Adrastus, 14
64, 206 ;

anianum, 327, 374; Apple-
tonianum, aes cua atum), 254 ;
ure gersii, 16; & bar'

9.

353; x B
callosum, 113; X n TEs
Crossianum, 95; X Cybele, 32; x "Eos, ve

384

dense taoeare :

nee Spry 47; (X_ Druryi),
ae Hitchinsi, 13
253 owes,
271, 2853 K. grandis, OF tes Lathami-
105 ; fahl

9 227 &

ill
x Youngiz, 186,
es #75:
Paxtonia rosea, 230.
Peristeria cerina, 167;
pendula, 165.
Phaiocalanthe X grandis, 127.
Phaius ager 72 : simulans, 36, 43, 52,
G5;°95°5-t vig 36,45, $2; 66; 72,
91, 98 ; Warpuri, 67.

ae acta 85; isi 122; natural hybrid,
36.

elata, 33, 3733 |

Phalzenopsis, 86; amabilis, 23: ; Aphr se |

espe 3 Ber:

go, lit, "52 ¢ Laie spe 23),
Hebe,

; Sanderian

Phaleenopses, 144, 149, 191, 344, 373-
Phragmipedilum, 174, 175; X suave, 93.
Physosiphon Loddigesii, 132.

Pleione, 343 ; Wallichiana, 231.

Pleurothallis, 362 ; Grobyi, 136, 362; late-
ritia, 348, 354 ; ornata, 99, 362, 363; picta |
136; nas vibe era, 134; punctulata, 354; |
Roeslii, |

PORTRAITS—ANGRECUM eager 160 ;

Humblotii, 31; Sanderianum, 376—ARACH-
NANTHE Cathcart i, 128— BYE pacar
barbigerum, 376 ; D num, 376; ndi-
florum, 288 ; patens, 376; tremulum, —
CALANTHE X gigas, 96; madagascariensis,
224—-CATTLEYA X Brown

x a Rochfordiana,
352 Iris mgt -margin ata, 352.5 X<
Paberncs 96; Mendel — Majesty,
1O7 - OS een Minas 44 x Miss

Harris var. E. Ashworth, 192, 256 aus
Mada: ae. Lae Linden, 192; X Prince
of Morea , 64; René, 256; ‘Schrader

sis, 192; Trian

‘heatonen
race gee Ein pies yi

INDEX.

Portraits—

nae ee ALUM Cumingil, 256; fimbri-
» 376; Roxburghii, 376—C@LOGYNE
ac 192; cristata, 96, Dayana,

6;.-D.. grandis, .33; ta, I
Veitchii, 160 —CORYANTH Ma

64; speciosa, 288—Cy MBIDIUM Lowia
x se ma 256; tigrinum, sane
CYNORCHIS | purpur, , 96—CYPRI-
PEDIUM xX Albertianum rotundiflorum,
192; X bingle ee Jong wood 192;
x bruxellense, 32 Dora Crawshaw,

323 M.

323 ae 64; ‘ T. W.B

don ae urt var , 96;

var., —DE ‘ADROBIUM,

S plendiissimu, 128 ; worthia, 96;

Brymerianum, 192; x povporie Juno,
8; dulce, 128; X

192 5 0.
2 thrysi-
224;

I

I

}

Ashworthianum, 224; s spec ce
fi h contracted lip),
\

20; prism

ERIOPSIS rutidobulbon, oe OAL

Batemanii, 160-—-HABEN
rdii.

yana, 256; .
prestans alba, mene pumila
64; tenebrosa (abnormal), sate
CA Leek Xe rim ee
Mendelii, Veitch’s var., "3203 X Edgar
Wigan ots

ae uum Annie, 224; ¢.
te n Hocken, 224; G ST Bae:
roo!

160; c. Ross
, 2503 Edwardal 256;
Halli Edward VIL. Su: x Leeanum, 329;

INDEX.

Portraits—

x capstone se bigice wt 128;
x ochfordianum, 96, 128; pose asthe
376; ni anum 288;
nevadense ehabinge ait nse, 96; polyxaithum,
192; feae meleagris, 3 Meee ded var.,
224; Ruckerian Pe , ooman
White, 192; x ilckeanum ‘Golden
Quee 224—ONCIDIUM _ Forbesii, 645 |
leucochilum, 320; stelligerum Ernestti,
256; tigrinum splendidum, 320; varicosum
Lindeni, — PHAIOCALANTHE

Schr ana, 192,224—PHAIUS simulans,

culosus, 96, 128-—-PHALENOPSIS
amabilis Rimestadiana, 224; X Harriette,
256; Manni, 2 Mrs. J

385

SACCOLABIUM _ bellinum,

116;
281; papillosum, 30.

guttatum,
Saccolabiums at Chiswick, 281.

Sanders’ Orchid Guide Book, 190.

Satyrium candidum, 230,

|
|

mac ier pha sielpapseeg Saag hy
285 ; eye 251, 325: T.albopu
purea, Pots : soe 325; tibicints, ee
230, 364.

Scuticaria, 167 ; Hadwenii, 121; Steelii 7.
Seedlings, raising, 18, 353.

Seeds, germination of, 111; sowing, 129,
353-

HALLIS Grobyi, 376; ornata, 376;
~ Roezlii, 376—RESTREPIA antennifera, 224;
- guttata, 224; Lansbergii, 224; leopardina,
224; stri US Hart-

CENTRUM albopur
—TRIC indo suavis, 352— VANDA teres,
160—-ZYGOPETALUM Burtii Wallisii, 320
X Clayi, a Macks ayi, 288; maxillare, 64.
Prepotency, 227.
Polycycnis Lehmanni, 362.

Pterostylis, 71.
QUEKETTIA microscopica, 331.

REGISTRATION of Orchids, 97, 112.
Reichenbachia, 296.

Reichenbach’s Herbarium, 131.

Re-potting, 58, 172.

Restrepias, 362.

Rhynchostylis retusa, 30, 281 ; r. guttata, 281.

Rolfe, on ting lariees 67; on Phaius
pest, 3°

Rodriguezia Batkeri, 165.
Royal Horticultural Society, 21, 50, 87,

283, 315, 347, "364
of, 112; paintings

Selenipedilum, 175.

Selenipedium, 174 ; caudatum, 174.

Shading, 84, 147.

Sherwood Silver Cup, 62, 132, 159, 162, 184.

Sievkingia, 362.

Skinner, Mr. G., as collector, 228.

Sobralia macrantha, 228 ; Ruckeri, 182.

| Sophrocattleya x Chamberlainii triumphans
32

; x George Hardy, Tyntesfield var.,
2193 ee Nydia, 366; x Queen-Empress,
34.

| Sophrolelia x Gratrixiz, 315 ;

lee
petiana, 182; x Orpeti, 288; x alia,

|

ser or age grandiflora, 123, 231, 343, 3743
of), g. gigantea, 51;
f geet riana, 89; oo S345 (xX
O’Brienianum), 1

E. x
Spiranthes bracteosa, 167.
Spathoglottis Fortunei, 286 ; plicata, 230.

Spot, black, 246; on Orchid leaves, 347;
spotting of flowers, 148.

Stanhopea, 216; aurea, 209; connata, 295 ;

devoniensis, 229 ; eburnea, 71 ; graveolens
33435 insignis, 69 ; Lowii, 6: Martian: .
34 ulata, 132; quadricornis, 231 ;

3
venusta, 210; Wardii, 209, 229, 286; W.
aurea, 210.

Stelis ints 132.

Stenia pallida, 231.

€
a Onhids 138 ; regulations of, 62.

Stenoglottis longifolia, 286 ; 1. alba, 286.

386 INDEX.

TEMPLE Show, 161, 183. Vanilla, 335 ; Morren, on the -production of
Top dressing, 149. Vanilla in Europe,
Thrips, 64, 210. — bicolor, 230; Ghia. 175; planifolia,

ria, 362. Pee 35, 98; muddle of, 35 ; mult itude
of, 180; nomenclature of. 139 ; Tegistra-
o eemaee fuscum, 166. tion of, 97, 259; varieties of varieties,

Trichopilia suavis grandiflora, 117 ; tortilis
164, 165.

Ventilation, 57, 148.
Trichopilias, 212. Waluewa pulchella, 349.
Trigonidium obtusum, 166. Watering, 57, 342; dipping process, III
in-water, 108.

UROPEDIUM Lindeni, 174. White, on es ra one A cameras
oe i & ek ted Orchids, 62, 22,
ANDA ccerulea, 276, Hookeriana, 171; | wican, Sir FE. he roars group, 195 ;
358 5 Kimballiana, 348; Parishii “ee tar of Sherwood Silver Cup, 162, 184.

| ZyGOPETALUM x Odontoglossum, 227.
| Zygopetalum cochieare, 164; crinitum, 32;

Blumei) ae intermedium, 70; Mackaii, 70; Mac ckayi

| (x ontoglossum crispum), 18 ; maxi
Vanda pods, 355. | lare, 132 ; Murrayanum, 2325 rostratum,
Vandas, r71. 69; X Veitchii, 32.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS:

PAGE. PAGE.
Angrecum sesquipedale . : : 49 | Lelia = a A : ; : 9
Bulbophyllum so prem BGs andiflor ee:
Cattley with three lips 33 Lats catileya x Maronze . : «> geo
Chysis bracte ‘ : ae x Wilsonize : ee
Cirrhopet fociatien : + <) 360 Lycaste Skinneri alba 38
Cypripedium Fred Hardy : - 369 | Odontoglossum crispum Queen Vic-
Dendrobium nai ig es at hoe 34
ile 73 5 Frans Nee
fe », . albiflo: eel. 120
es re ooksonianum 73 Es Ste ensii ; 313
” 4 «hn are i 73 Be maculatum Thomp-
> we nderianum 73 sonianum 337
fe x Nestor. : a EAS . s eilckeurium Got
3 x Pitcherianum . : 93 Jen Queen 185
5 7% Rolfee 73 | Oncidium Phaleenopsi 5
5 x Schneiderianum eae tf means OF Appletonianum ¢ oe
a Wardianum : Frontispiece n Schréder . 81
Disa grandiflora hc We he: eeees “ j a 113
» X kewensis : ; < 293 3 insigne Sanderianam : 25
9» Xdangleyensis . ‘ . 23873 < Lathamianum 105
» & Premier ey con 5 . Mau gg con een ee,
+ tripetaloides eG | 3 x Rolfei Bea
» % Veitchii. 5 ; s ooees | og xX siamense : enn ANS
‘ia carneal. ‘ ; 390207. 4 Hi x Tautzianum var.
» militaris a agg | — oo ee
~ ee. 297 | Phaius tuberculosu Shee
Lelia cee Selene bec te 9 | pasteeeomisge retusa var. guttata 28k
Lelia crispa : : : vit 2o1| —— a Lowi F : oo ae
> x Dian : : 1 249 | Wardii 8 oe ee
pe - Sinkeiea : ‘ i 9 |

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