BOTANICAL MUSEUM LEAFLETS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRINTED AND PUBLISHED AT THE BOTANICAL MUSEUM CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS BOTANICAL MUSEUM LEAFLETS HARVARD UNIVERSITY VOLUME XI BOTANICAL MUSEUM CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 1943-1945 A Sh dialled oe PERIODICAL SHELVES TABLE OF CONTENTS NuMBER 1 (January 22, 1943 PAGE Notes on American Orchids By OakEs AMES AND Donovan S. CoRRELL. . . 1 NuMBER 2 (April 22, 1948 Economic Plants of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands By Rosperr H. Woopworru ........ 29 An Orchid Novelty from Fiji By CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH 55 NuMBER 8 (May 27, 1943) Studies in Habenaria and Dichaea By Oakes AMES AND Donovan S. CorreLL. . 57 NuMBER 4 (October 8, 1943) Orchidaceae peruvianae V By CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH ........ 81 Number 5 (November 10, 1943) African Orchids. NII: The leafless Angraecoid Orchids By V.S. SUMMERHAYES ......... .187 Nomenclatorial Note on a South American Orchid By CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH ........17]1 NumBer 6 (February 7, 1944) Notes on tropical American Orchids By CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH ...... . .178 [v ] NuMBER 7 (March 8, 1944) African Orchids. XIV: Ancistrorhynchus 2inet By V. S. SUMMERHAYES Notes on Peruvian Orchids By CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH NuMBER 8 (July 12, 1944) Notes on tropical American Orchids II By CHar.LEs SCHWEINFURTH NuMBER 9 (February 1, 1945) African Orchids. XV By V. S. SUMMERHAYES NuMBER 10 (April 4, 1945) Some Peruvian Maxillarias By CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH . 201 « 215 . 217 . 249 . 261 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Dichaea echinocarpa (Sw. ) Lindl. Dichaea echinocarpa (Sw.) Lindl. var. lobata A mes & Correll X Dichaea intermedia Ames & Correll . Dichaea muricata (Sw.) Lindl. . Dichaea squarrosa Lindl, Dichaea trichocarpa (Sw.) Lindl. . Epidendrum Epidendrum Epidendrum Kpidendrum Epidendrum Epidendrum Epidendrum Epidendrum Epidendrum Epidendrum Epidendrum Epidendrum Epidendrum Epidendrum Epidendrum Epidendrum aquaticoides C. Schweinf: birostratum C. Schweinf. . ‘apitellatum C. Schweinf. ‘carnosiflorum C. Schweinf. elatum C. Schweinf. . Howardii 4 mes & Correll latisegmentum C. Schweinf. liguliferum C. Schweinf: Macbridei C. Schzweinf: magnicallosum C. Schweinf: minutidentatum C. Schweinf... minutiflorum C. Schweinf: nanum C. Schweinfurth orbiculatum C. Schweinf: pubiflorum C. Schweinf: rectopedunculatum C. Schweinf: [ vii | PAGE 69 Kpidendrum reflexilobum C. Schweinf. Epidendrum refractoides C. Schweinf. Epidendrum subreniforme C. Schweinf: Hexalectris Warnockii Ames & Correll Leochilus Johnstonii Ames & Correll Maxillaria cornuta C. Schweinf... Maxillaria cuzcoensis C. Schweinf: Maxillaria funicaulis C. Schweinf. . Maxillaria parvibulbosa C. Schweinf. Maxillaria tenuis C. Schweinf: Maxillaria verrucifera C. Schweinf. [ vill | . 118 pao . 127 11 23 . 297 . 299 . 801 . B08 . B05 . B07 INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES ACACIA muricata (L.) Sarg., 43 riparia HBK., 53 AERANTHUS Guyonianus Reichb.f., 144 African Tulip Tree, 52 Air Plant, 36 ALBIZZIA Lebbeck (L.) Benth., 43 Almond, 33, 46, 50 AMBLOSTOMA holochilum Schltr., 237 AMOMIS caryophyllata (Jacq.) Krug & Urb., 40 AMYRIS elemifera L., 43 ANCISTRORHYNCHUS, 201, ZOOS. 203, 214 brevifolius Finet, 205 brunneo-maculatus Schltr. , 207 capitatus (Lind/.) Summerh., 205 cephalotes (Reichb f.) Summerh., 206, 208 clandestinus (Lindl.) Schltr., 206, 213 clandestinus Summerh. pro minima parte, 213 Durandianus Schitr., 207 glomeratus (Ridl.) Summerh., 206, 208, 209, 210, 211 laxiflorus Mangf: ,203,209,214. [ ix ] Metteniae (Kréinzl. ) Summerh. 209, 210, 211, 214 ovatus Summerh., 209, 210 parviflorus Summerh., 212 recurvus Finet, 204, 205, 208, od) io) refractus (Krdnzl.) Summerh., 209, 213 stenophyllus Schltr. , 207 Straussii (Schltr.) Schltr., 212, 213, 214 ANDIRA inermis HBK., 37, 43 ANGORCHIS capitata O. Ktze., 205 clandestina O. Ktze., 207 ANGRAECOPSIS, 249, 257 amaniensis Summerh., 257, 259 breviloba Summerh., 256,258, 259 ischnopus (Schltr. ) Schltr. ,259 parviflora (Thou. ) Schltr. ,256, Doi tenuicalcar Summerh., 257, 258, 259, 260 tridens (Lindl.) Schltr., 258 ANGRAECUM, 137 Andersonii Rolfe, 151 aphyllum Kranzl., 143 aphyllum Thou., 137, 159 Bieleri De Wildem., 151 brunneo-maculatum Rendle, 207 caespitosum Rolfe, 151 capitatum Lindl., 201, 205 cephalotes Krinzl., 209 Chiloschistae Reichb.f., 142 clandestinum Lindl., 201, 202, 207 var. stenophyllum Schitr., 207 conicum Schltr., 142 cornulum Reichb.f., 160 crinale De Wildem., 151 cyclochilum Schltr., 142, 160, 161 deflexicalcarata De Wildem., 152? defoliatum Schlitr., 159 dolichorrhizum Schlitr., 153 Gilpinae Reichb.f. & S. Moore, 154 globulosum Hochst. ex A.Rich., 144, 145 glomeratum Ridl., 208 Guyonianum Reichb.f., 144 Koehleri Schlitr., 158 konduense De Wildem., 154 macrorrhynchium Schltr., 138, 139, 162 megalorrhizum Reichb.f., 158 micropetalum Schltr., 155 Perrieri Schlitr., 147 physophorum Reichb.f., 148 Smithit Rolfe, 148 Straussti Schltr., 214 Wakefieldii Rolfe, 159 ANKYLOCHEILOS, 168 Coxii Summerh., 169 ANNONA glabra L., 31, 42 muricata L., 31, 32 squamosa L., $1 [ x ] ARDISIA guadalupensis Duchass. ex Griseb., 46 ARETHUSA petraea Afz, ARGEMONE mexicana L,, ASCLEPIAS curassavica L., 35 Bamboo, 53 BAMBUSA sp., 53 ex Pers., 249 fos) Bass and Boom, 36 Bastard Copper, 47 Bastard Manjack, 34, 47 Bata-bata, 31 BATEMANNIA Colleyi Lindl., 1 1 peruviana Rolfe, 171, 172 Petronia Rodr., 171 Bay Rum, 40 Bay Torch, 48 Bay Tree, 40 Bell Apple, 30, 36 Bellyache, 38 BEURRERIA succulenta Jacqg., 47 BIFRENARIA, 245 atropurpurea (Lodd.) Lindl., 246 aurantiaca Lindl, 245 floribunda (Schltr. ) C. Schweinf. , 246 picta (Schltr. ) C. Schweinf. ,246 sabulosa Rodr., 245 saxicola (Schltr.) C.Schweinf., 246 Bitter Bush, 38 Black Hoopwood, 42, 49 7 1 Black Marshmallow, 38 Black Torch, 48 Black Wattle, 30, 36, 41 Black Wiss, 45, 49 Black Witty, 42 BLETIA, 9, 80 catenulata Ruiz & Pav., 187 Rodriguesti Cogn., 188 sanguinea Poepp. & Endl., 187 Sherrattiana Batem., 188, 189 Watsoni Hort., 188 Blue Wiss, 32, 49 BOERHAAVIA erecta L., 31 Bombatel, 43 BONTIA daphnoides L., 39 Bonya, 31, 42 Boxwood, 45 Breakbill, 46 Brizlett, 43 BRYOPHYLLUM pinnatum (L.) Kurz, 36 BUCIDA Buceras L., 46 Buflammar, 45 BULBOPHYLLUM, 250 aurantiacum Hook.f., 250 Gustavi Schltr., 250 Josephi (Kuntze) Summerh., Weberbauerianum Krdénzl. var. angustius C.Schweinf., 189 Bullet Wood, 47 BURSERA Simaruba (L.) Sarg., 44 Buttonwood, 39 CAESALPINIA divergens Urb., 53 Calabash, 39 Calalou, 31, 33 CAMARIDIUM, 14 Adolphi Schlitr., 19 Amparoanum Schlitr., 16 bracteatum Schltr., 15 Brenesii Schltr., 17 cassapense Schlitr., 280 costaricense Schltr., 17 equitans Schiltr., 291 evaltatum Krinzl., 272 graminifolium Reichb.f., 276 grandiflorum Schltr., 279 imbricatum Schltr., 18 longibracteatum Lindl., 281 luteo-rubrum Lindl., 279, 280, 281 purpureum Spreng., 17 Tonduzii Schlitr., 18 vandiforme Schltr., 291 Wrighttt Schltr., 18 CAMPYLOCENTRUM, 137 Cane Peas Senna, 37 CANELLA Winterana (L.) Gaertn., 38 Canip, 33, 45 CAPPARIS indica (L.) Fawe. & Rendle, 42 CASSIA occidentalis L., 31, 36 Catch and Keep, 53 CECROPIA peltata L., 41 Cedar, 48 CENTROSEMA virginianum (L.) Benth., 32, 49 CEPHALANGRAECUM, 202, 203, 207, 208 Braunii Summerh., 209 [ xi ] capitatum Schltr., 205 cephalotes Schltr., 206 Gentilii Schltr., 206 glomeratum Schltr., 208 Metteniae Schitr., 209 Straussii Summerh., 214 CHAULIODON, 163, 168 Buntingii Swmmerh., 164 Chickenet, 34 Ching, 47 CHONDRORHYNCHA, 216 lojae (Schltr.) C. Schweinf. ,216 Christmas Tree, 52 CHRYSOPHYLLUM sp., 47 pauciflorum Lam., 47 CICCA disticha L., 32, 44 CITHAREXYLUM fruticosum L., 48 Clapper Bush, 36 COCCOLOBA uvifera L., 80, 42 COCCOTHRINAX argentea (Lodd.) Sarg., 49 Coccularka, 34 COCOS nucifera L., 30 COELOGLOSSUM bracteatum Parl., 64 Vaillantii Guss., 64 viride (L.) Hartm. b) braeteatum Richter, 65 COLEUS amboinicus Lour., 40 Conga Root, 31 Copper, 47, 48 CORCHORUS siliquosus L., 33 CORDIA alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Cham., 47, 48 glabra L., 34, 47, 48 nitida Vahl, 34, 47 Crab Wood, 30 CRANICHIS grandiflora A. & S., 173, 174 CRESCENTIA Cujete L., 39, 54 CROTALARIA retusa (L.) Sw., 50 verrucosa L., 50 Crumberry, 33 CRYPTOSANUS scriptus Scheidw., 27 CUSCUTA americana L,, 38, 39, 53 CYCNOCHES muscifera Lindl. & Paxt., 192 CYMBIDIUM echinocarpon Sw., 67 proliferum Sw., 181 trichocarpon Sw., 73 vestitum Sw., 17 CYRTOPERA scabrilinguis Lindl., 197, 198 CYRTORCHIS, 203, 213, 214 refracta Schltr., 213 DAPHNOPSIS caribaea Griseb., 50 DENDROBIUM carnosum Presl, 197 squalens Lindl., 197 DENDROPHYLAX, 137 DENDRORCHIS nana QO, Ktze., 185 DICHAEA, 57, 60, 80 echinocarpa (Sw.) Lindl., 66, 67, 80 [ xii | var. lobata Ames § Correll, 71 intermedia Ames & Correll, fi Pa es Par reat muricata (Sw.) Lind/., 67, 71, 78, 80 var. neglecta (Sch/tr. ) Krénel., 78 pendula (4ubl.) Cogn., 80 squarrosa Lindl., 72, 77 suaveolens Krinzl., 77 Y trichocarpa (Sw.) Lindl., 72, 73, 77, 78, 79 DICRANOTAENIA, 156 dahomeensis Finet, 15 Diddledoo, 35 DIOTHONEA, 179 gratissima Reichb fi, 178 nutans (Lindl.) C. Schweinf, 179 DIPLACORCHIS, 163 Dodder, 39 Dog Apple, 31, 42 Dogwood, 35, 43 Earring Plant, 50 Ebony, 45 ENCHEIRIDION, 161 macrorrhynchium (Schltr. ) Summerh., 162, 255 ENCYCLIA nana Poepp. & Endl., 185, 186, 187 EPIDENDRUM, 218 Aloisii Schltr., 97 amazonicum Schltr., 238 anoglossoides 4. § S., 89 anthoceros Linden & Reichb.f. 221, 222 apaganum Mansf., 224 aquaticoides C. Schweinf., 81 var. pusillum C. Schweinf. , 82 aquaticum Lind/., 82 Baumannianum Schltr., 229, Zou benignum Ames, 238 birostratum C. Schweinf., 83 blepharichilum Krénz/. var. majus C. Schweinft, 85 brachyphyllum Lind/,, 218 Brenesii Schitr., 92 Burgeri Sehitr., 94, 118 cajamarcae Schltr., 228 calanthum Reichb.f. & Warsez. 232, 233, 234, 235 capitellatum C. Schweinf., 86 cardiophyllum Krinzl., 242, 243, 244. ‘arnosiflorum C. Schweinf: , 87 ratillus Reichb fi & Warsez., a20 caucae Schltr., 232, 234 chrysostomum Reichb.f., 229, 230 cinnabarinum Salzm., 236 cornutum Lind/., 221 crassilabium Poepp. & Endl., 222 cristatum Ruiz & Pav., 222 cuscoense Schltr., 218, 219 decipiens Lind]., 229,230,231 densiflorum Krédnzl., 223 difforme Jacq., 223 echinocarpon Sw., 67 elatum C. Schweinf., 89 Evelynae Reichb f., 94 Filomenot Schltr., 232, 233, 234 fimbriatum HBK., 225 var. rhomboglossum (Krdnel.) C. Schweinf., 224 Jraternum Schitr., 229, 231 Friderici-Guilielmi Warscsz., &§ Reichb f., 225 frigidum Linden ex Lindl., 226, 227 var. stenophyton (Schltr. ) C. Schweinf. , 227 Julgens Brongn., 232,233, 234 Julgens Focke, non Brongn., 225 Juscum Schltr., 228, 229 geminiflorum HBK., 228 gnomus Schltr., 241 grammatoglossum Reichbf., 89 gratiosum Reichb.f., 105, 106 var. linearjfolium Cogn., 105, 106 Hartwegii Lindl., 228 Hemiscleria Reichb.f., 179 Howardii Ames & Correll, 2 Huacapistanae Krinzl., 225, 226 huanucoense Schitr., 280, 232 ibaguense HBK., 229, 233, 234, 235, 236 var. confluens (Lindl. ) C. Schweinf:, 232 var. Schomburgkii (Lindl. ) C. Schweinf., 235 inamoenum Krdnsl., 236 inconstans Ames, 218, 219 integrilabium A, & S., 224,225 jamaicense Lindl., 92 Klotzscheanum Reichbf., 84 labiatum Sw., 26 laetum Schltr., 229, 231 lanipes Lindl., 110 latisegmentum C. Schweinf. , 9] [ xiv | liguliferum C. Schweinf. , 92 Lindenii Lind]., 218, 219 longicolle Lindl., 240 lovense Lehm. & Kriinzl., 242 243, 244 Macbridei C. Schweinf., 94 macrodonax Schltr., 226, 227 magnicallosum C, Schweinf., 96 Matthewsii Reichb.f., 241 melinoacron Schltr., 221, 222 micranthum Lindl., 237 microphyllum Lindl,, 218 microtos Reichbf., 99 var. grandiflorum C. Schweinf. , 98 minutidentatum C. Schweinf. , 99 minutiflorum C. Schweinf. ,100 Mosenii Reichb fi, 236 moyobambae Krdnzl., 238 myrianthum Lindl. [var.] album ‘‘Rehb.f.’”? ex Will., 7,8 nanum C, Schweinf., 102 nephroglossum Schitr., 238 nocturnum Jacq., 240 var. minor Schltr., 240 var. minus Cogn., 239 nutans Ruiz & Pav., 241, 242 oliganthum Schltr., 240 oncidioides Lindl., 7 orbiculatum C. Schweinf., 104 pachygastrium Kriinzl., 245 pachyrachis dmes, 111 paniculatum Ruiz & Pav., 106, 108 var. linearifolium (Cogn. ) C. Schweinf., 105 var. unguiculatum C. Schweinf., 107 parviflorum Ruiz & Pav., 95, 105, 106, 107 patens Sw., 238 patulipetalum Schltr., 105 Pavonianum Reichb.f., 89, 221, 229 paytense Reichb.f., 232, 233 physophorum Seh/ir., 102 platyoon Schltr., 244, 245 Porpax Reichb f., 102, 103, 240 pristes Reichb.f., 232, 234 proliferum Sw., 181, 182 pubiflorum C. Schweinf., 108 radicans Pay. ex Lindl., 229, 230, 231, 232, 234 raniferum Lindl., 222, 223 raphidophorum Lindl., 90 rectopedunculatum C. Schweinf., 110 reflexilobum C. Schweinf. , 112 refractoides C. Schweinf., 114 refractum Lindl., 115 rhomboglossum Kriinzl., 224, B25 rhopalorhachis Krinzl., 179, 180 Rolfeanum Lehm. & Krénel., 102 Ruizianum Steud,, 241 saccharatum Krinzl,, 222 seabrum Ruiz & Pav., 242 var. parviflorum Cogn., 242 Schlechterianum Ames, 116 var. longirepens C. Schweinf. 115 Schlimii Peichbf., 101 Schomburgkii Lindl., 233, 235, 236 var. confluens Lindl., 232, 233 Scutella Lindl., 105, 244 Smithii Schlitr., 229, 232 sororium Schltr., 230, 232 spathaceum Lindl., 241, 242 splendens Schlitr., 235, 236 stenophyton Schltr., 227 subpatens Schlitr., 238 subreniforme C. Schweinf. ,117 tarmense Schltr., 218, 219 tricarinatum Rolfe, 113 trichocarpon Sw., 73 validum Schltr., 223 varlegatum Hook., 222 ventricosum Lind/,, 245 verrucosum Sw., 7, 8 var. myrianthum (Lindl. ) Ames & Correll, 7 vestitum Sw., 16, 286 vinosum Schltr., 220 viridibrunneum Reichb,f., 100 xanthinum Lindl,, 220 ERIOPSIS biloba Lindl., 190 Helenae Kriinzl., 191, 192 sceptrum Leichb f. & Warscz., 191 Schomburgkii Reichb.f., 190 Wercklei Schltr., 190 ERITHALIS fruticosa L., 48 ERYTHRINA Corallodendrum L., 43 ERYTHROXYLON brevipes DC., 43 EUGENIA ligustrina Willd., 33 procera Poir., 33 EULOPHIA, 163, 168 Euphorbiaceae, 138 EXOGONIUM repandum (Jacq.) Choisy, 51 EXOSTEMMA caribaeum (Jacq. ) R. & S., 48 [ xv ] Eyebright, 39 FERNANDEZIA punctata Ruiz & Pav., 262 FICUS laevigata Vahl, 41 Fiddlewood, 48 Frangipani, 51 Friendly Tree, 37 FUERTESIELLA grandiflora Schltr., 173 pterichoides Schl/tr., 173 GALACTIA dubia DC., 37 GALEANDRA Baueri Lindl., 187 var. piloso-columna C. Schweinf., 187 dives Reichbf., 187 GENIPA americana L., 41, 48 Ginger Thomas, 39 Giniper, 34 GLIRICIDIA sepium (Jacq.) Steud,, 32, 50 Goatwood, 44 GOMPHICHIS plantaginea Schlitr., 217 plantaginifolia C. Schweinf, 217 GONGORA byfonia Lindl., 193, 194 var. leucochila Lindl., 1938 maculata Lind/., 194 var. bufonia (Lindl. ) C. Schweinf., 193 var. leucochila (Lindl. ) C. Schweinf. , xxvii Gooseberry, 32, 44 Gourd Tree, 39, 54 Green Love, 36 Greenheart, 49 Gri-gri, 46 Guava-berry, 33 GUAZUMA ulmifolia Lam., 45 GUETTARDA scabra (L.) Lam., 49 Guinea Grass, 30 Guinip, 33, 45 GUSSONEA, 137, 188, 139 aphylla (Thou.) A. Rich., 159 aurantiaca Schltr., 150 Bieleri Schlitr., 151 caespitosa Schltr., 151 Chiloschistae Schltr., 143 conica Schltr., 142 cornuta Ridl., 160, 161 crinalis Schltr., 151 cyclochila Schltr., 161 dahomeensis Schltr., 157 deflexicalcarata Schlitr., 152 defoliata Schltr., 159 dolichorrhiza Schltr., 153 Elliottii Schltr., 153 sect. Eu-gussonea 138, 139 evilis Ridl., 142 Friesii Schltr., 157 Gilpinae Ridl., 154 globulosa Ridl., 144 Koehleri Schltr., 158 konduensis Schlitr., 154 macrantha H, Perrier, 155 macrorrhynchia Schltr., 138, 162 megalorrhiza Schlitr., 158 melinantha Schltr. 155 micropetala Sechltr., 151, 152, 155 Perrieri Schltr., 147 [ xvi | physophora Ridl., 148 Smith Schlitr., 148 Stolzii Schltr., 149 sect. Taeniophylloides, 138 GUSSONTA, 138 GYMNADENIA bracteata Presl, 64 viridis Spreng., 64 GYMNANTHES lucida Sw., 44 GYROSTACH YS porrifolia O. Ktze., 1 HABENARIA, 57 bracteata R.Br., 64 flava (L.) R. Br., D158 60, 66 var. herbiola (R. Br.) Ames & Correll, 61, 66 var. virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Fernald, 58, 62, 65 Juscescens Torr., 61 herbiola R.Br., 61, 62 integra (Nutt. ) Spreng., 66 59, 3 sect. Limnorchis, 57 sect. Piperia, 57 virescens Spreng., 64, 65 viridis (L.) R.Br. var. bracteata (Muhi.) Gray, 57, 58, 63, 66 viridis R.Br. sensu Cham., 64 HELIOTROPIUM angiospermum Murr., 39 HEMISCLERIA, 179 nutans Lindl., 179, 180 HEXALECTRIS, 13 mexicana Greenm., 13 spicata (Wall. ) Barnh., 18 Warnockii Ames & Correll, 8 HUMBOLDTIA Dinotherii O. Ktze., 175 diptera O. Ktze., 175 macrorrhiza O.Ktze., 176 semipellucida O.Ktze., 177 wanthochlora O. Ktze., 178 Hunklut, 37, 43 HYMENAEA Courbaril L., 42 IBIDIUM porrifolium Rydb., 1 INGA laurina (Sw.) Willd., 32, 42 Ink Berry, 41 IPOMOEA carnea Jacq., 51 tricolor Cav., 51 Tron Weed, 37 ISOCHILUS graminifolium Lindl., 276 graminifolius HBK., 275 grandiflorus Lindl., 279, 280 prolifer R.Br., 181, 182 proliferum Lindl., 181 Jackocalaloo, 45 JACQUEMONTIA pentantha (Jacq.) Don, 51 JACQUINIA Barbasco (Loefl.) Mez, 51 JATROPHA gossypiifolia L., 37 KEFERSTEINIA, 216 Lojae Schlitr., 216 Kindly Tree, 37 KINGIELLA, 168 Knip, 33, 45 KOELLENSTEINIA ionoptera Linden & Reichb f., a a peruviana Sehlir., 215 KRUGIODENDRON ferreum (Vahl) Urb., 45 [ xvii ] LAELIA, 180 moyobambae (Schltr. ) C. Schweinf:, 180 Weberbaueriana (Kréinz/.) C. Schweinf:, 180 LANIUM, 218 microphyllum (Lind/.) Benth., 218 peruvianum Schltr., 218 LANTANA involucrata L., 52 LEIOCHILUS, 26 gracilis Schltr., 27 LEOCHILUS, 26 cochlearis Lindl., 27 Jobnstonii Ames & Correll, 21 labiatus (Sw.) O. Ktze., 26,27 oncidioides Knowles & Westc., 26 salvus (Reichb,f.) Griseb., 28 scriptus Reichb fi, 27 tricuspidatus (Reichb f-.) Krédnsl., 26 LEONURUS sibiricus L., 52 LEUCAENA glauca (L.) Benth., 31, 43, 53 Licorice, 37 LIMODORUM pendulum Aubl., 67, 80 LINDLEYELLA, 245, 246 aurantiaca Schltr., 246 bicornaria (Reichb.f.) Schltr. , 246 floribunda Schltr., 246 picta Schltr., 246, 247 saxicola Schltr., 246, 247 LIPARIS labiata Spreng., 27 tridens Krdnsl., 170 LISTROSTACHYS, 137, 201 Braunti Dur. & Schinz, 209, 210, 214 capitata Reichb.f., 205, 206 cephalotes Reichb.f., 201,206, 209 clandestina Rolfe, 201, 207 Durandiana Kranz). apud Dur. & De Wildem, 207 Elliottii Finet, 153 Gentilii De Wildem., 205 glomerata Rolfe, 208 Metteniae Krinzl., 209 refracta Kranzl., 203, 213 Lizard’s Tail, 41 Locust, 42 LYCASTE Colleyi Hort. ex J.E.Planch., 171 Filomenoi Schltr., 248 fimbriata (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn., 199 var, peruviana (Rolfe) C. Schweinf., 199 macrophylla Lindl., 248 peruviana Rolfe, 199 plana Lindl., 248 Mad Dog, 35 Madre de Cacao, 32, 50 Maho, 50 MALPIGHIA infestissima (Juss.) Rich., 35 Mangrove, 46 MANILKARA nitida (Sessé & Mog.) Dubard, 47 Manjack, 34, 47 Mastwood, 47 MAXILLARIA, 14, 261 Abelei Schlitr., 287, 288 [ xviii | Adolphii (Schltr. ) Ames & Correll, 18 Alfaroi 4. & 8., 15 alticola C. Schweinf., 261 Amparoana Schltr., 16 anatomorum Feichb fi, 285 arachnites Reichb,f., 285 arbuscula Reichb.f., 262 aurea (Poepp. & Endl.) L. Wms. var. gigantea (Lind/.) C. Schweinf., 263 Baumanniana Schitr., 267 brachypetala Schltr. , 264 bracteata (Sch/tr.) Ames & Correll, 14 bractescens Lindl., 13 Brenesii Schltr., 17 brevilabia Ames & Correll, 15 breviscapa Poepp. & Endl., 267 caespitosa C. Schweinf., 264 calantha Schiltr., 265 cassapensis Reichb.f., 280, 281 Colleyi Hort. ex J.E.Planch., 171 concava Lindl., 13, 14, 194, 195, 196 concavilabia dmes & Correll, 15 cornuta C. Schweinf:, 265 costaricensis Schltr., 15, 18 crassicaulis C. Schweinf., 267 cuzcoensis C. Schweinf. , 268 dichroma Rolfe, 271 disticha (Lindl.) C. Schweinf., 270 dolichophylla Schltr. , 265 elegantula Rolfe, 271 exaltata (Kranzl.) C. Schweinf. ie [ xix ] falcata Ames & Correll, 15 floribunda Lindl. , 273 Joveata Lindl., 194, 195, 196 funicaulis C. Schweinf., 273 graminifolia (H BK.) Reichb,f. 27.5 hastulata Lindl. , 270 heteroclita Poepp. & Endl., 276 huancabambae (Krénzl. ) C. Schweinf, 277 var. cuzcoensis C. Schweinf, 278, xxviii Huebneri Schiltr., 293 imbricata Rodr., 18 infausta Reichb,f., 278 Koehleri Schlir., 267 Lankesteri Ames, 15 laricina Kriinzl., 200 longibracteata (Lindl. ) Reichb f., 281 var, grandiflora (Lindl. ) C. Schweinf: , 279 var. luteorubra ( Lindl.) C. Schweinf. , 280 luteorubra Reichb.f., 279,280 macrophylla Poepp. & Endl., 248 Matthewsii Reichb.f., 276 multicaulis (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schweinf: , 281 nubigena (Reichb f. ) C. Schweinf. , 282 ochroleuca Lodd.ex Lindl. ,290 paleata (Reichb f.) Ames & Correll, 15 pallidiflora Hook., 196, 197 parvibulbosa C. Schweinf. ,283 pendula (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schweinf., 285 pulla Linden & Reichb f., 270 purpurea (Spreng.) Ames & Correll, 16, 285 var, parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schweinf., 285 quadrata Ames & Correll, 16 ramosissima Krénz/., 286 rufescens Lindl.., 287 scabrilinguis Lindl., 197, 198 Schnitteri Sch/tr., 275 serrulata Ames & Correll, 16, 261 sigmoidea (C, Schweinf.) Ames & Correll, 16 spilotantha Reichb f., 275 squalens Hook, 197 stachyobiorum Reichb.f., 13, 194, 195, 196 stenobulbon Klotzsch, 196 stenophylla Lehm. & Krianzl., 15 stenophylla Reichb fi, 15 strumata (Endres & Reichb f.) Ames & Correll, 17 supina Poepp. & Endl., 197 Tafallae (Reichb f.) C. Schweinf., 288 taracuana Schitr., 291 tenuis C. Schweinf., 289 Tonduzii (Sch/tr.) Ames & Correll, 17, 18 trilobata Ames & Correll, 17 vandiformis (Schltr. ) C. Schweinf. , 291 variabilis Batem., 295 verrucifera C. Schweinf. , 292 vestita Schltr., 16, 285 Warreana Lodd. ex Lindl., 189, 190 Weberbaueri Schiltr., 267 Wrightii (Schltr.) Ames & Correll, 18 var. imbricata (Sch/tr.) Ames & Correll, 18 xantholeuca Schlir., 294 var. peruviana C. Schweinf, 293, xxviii xanthorhoda Schitr., 294 xylobiiflora Schltr., 295 MAYTENUS sp., 45 MELICOCCA bijuga L., 33, 45 MELOCHIA nodiflora Sw., 38 MERREMIA dissecta (Jacq.) Hall f., 51 umbellata (L.) Hall.f., 52 MICROCOELIA, 138,139,140, 145, 160, 162, 168, 165, 170, 249 aphylla Summerh., 160 aurantiaca (Sch/tr.) Summerh., 150 Bieleri (De Wildem. ) Summerh., 151 sect. Brachyglossa Summerh., 149 caespitosa (Rolfe) Summerh., 147,150,151,152,153,155, 255 conica (Schitr.) Summerh., 142, 149 corallina Summerh., 250 dahomeensis ( Finet) Summerh. 156, 157 deflexicalearata (De Wildem.) Summerh., 152 sect. Dicranotaenia (Finet) Summerh., 156, 166 dolichorrhiza (Schltr. ) Summerh., 151, 153, 163 [ xx ] Elliottii (Finet) Summerh., 150, 153, 154 ericosma Summerh,, 251 sect. Eu-microcoelia Summerh., 141, 163, 253 exilis Lind/., 189, 141, 142 Friesii (Schltr. ) Summerh. , 157 Gilpinae (Reichb f. & S. Moore) Summerh., 153, OO Guyoniana (Reichb f.) Summerh,, 144, 146, 149, 251, 253, 254 Hirschbergii Summerh., 146, 147, 250, 251 Koehleri (Sch/tr.) Summerh., 158 konduensis (De Wildem.) Summerh,, 154 macrantha (H. Perrier) Summerh., 155 macrorrhynchia Summerh., 162 megalorrhiza (Reichb f.) Summerh., 158 melinantha (Sch/tr..) Summerh. 154, 155 microglossa Summerh., 147, 200 micropetala (Schltr. ) Summerh., 152, 155 obovata Summerh., 253 pachystemma Summerh., 158 Perrieri (Finet) Summerh., 147, 250 physophora (Reichb,f.) Summerh., 148 Smithii (Rolfe) Summerh., 145, 148, 149 Stolzii (Sch/tr.) Summerh., 145, 149 Taeniophyllum Hochst. ex A. Rich., 144 Milk Tree, 41 MORINDA citrifolia L., 35, 39 Morning Glory, 51 Mountain Grape, 46 MYSTACIDIUM aphyllum Dur. & Schinz, 159 exile Dur. & Schinz, 143 globulosum Dur. & Schinz, 144 radicosum Dur. & Schinz, 144 NERVILIA Afzelii Schltr., 249 petraea (4/2. ex Pers.) Summerh,, 249 Nicol, 53 Nikker Nut, 53 Nio, 51 OCIMUM micranthum Willd., 34 ODONTOGLOSSUM convallarioides (Schltr.) Ames & Correll, 19 Egertonii Lind/l., 19 oliganthum Reichb.f., 19, 20 pulchellum Batem ex Lindl., 19 Oil ef Bay, 40 ONCIDIUM ansiferum Feichb,f., 20 guatemalense Schiltr., 19 labiatum Reichb.f., 27 reflexum Lindl., 20 scriptum Reichb.f., 27 tenue Lindl., 20, 21 Wentworthianum Batem. ex Lindl. , 20 var. tenue (Lind/.) Ames & Correll, 20 [ xxi ] ORCHIASTRUM porrifolium Greene, 1 ORCHIS bidentata Ell., 58, 59 bractealis Salisb., 64 bracteata Muhl., 63 flava L., 57, 58, 59, 63 var. virescens Green, 64 Juscata Raf., 62 Juscescens Willd. sensu Pursh, 61 glareosa Raf., 61 herbiola Pursh, 61, 62 scutellata Nutt., 58, 59, 62 virescens Muhl. ex Willd., 58, 64, 65, 66 viridis Willd. sensu Pursh, 64 B. Vaillanti Ten., 64 ORLEANESIA yauaperyensis Rodr., 183 ORNITHIDIUM, 14, 261 Alfaroi A. & S., 15 aureum Poepp. & Endl., 263 bolivianum Schltr., 263, 264 bracteatum Schltr., 14 costaricense Schltr., 15 dichotomum Schltr., 288, 289 distichum Lindl., 270 dolichophyllum Schltr., 264, 265 giganteum Lindl., 265, 264 Huancabambae Krinzl., 277 Lankesteri Ames, 16 multicaule Reichb.f., 282 nubigenum Reichb.f., 282 paleatum Reichb.f., 15 pendulum Cogn., 285 Schlechterianum C, Schweinf., 18 serrulatum Lindl., 261 sigmoideum C. Schweinf., 16 simulans A. & S., 17 slenophyllum Schitr., 15 strumatum Endres & Reichb. f. 17 Tafallae Reichb.f., 288, 289 Tondusii Schltr., 18 vestitum Reichb.f., 17, 285, 286 Weberbauerianum Kriinzl., 267, 268 Wrightti C. Schweinf., 18 ORNITHOCEPHALUS elephas Reichb.f., 28 inflexus Lindl., 28 mexicanus A, Rich. & Gal., 28 Pottsiae S.Wats., 28 Tonduzii Schltr., 28 OSMOGLOSSUM convallarioides Schltr., 19 PACHYCEREUS marginatus (DC.) Britton & Rose, 35 PACH YPHYLLUM echinocarpon Spreng., 67 Painkiller, 35, 39 Palmet, 47 PANICUM maximum Jacq., 30 Papa Lola, 33 Parka, 34 PASSIFLORA suberosa L., 41 Pepper Cinnamon, 38 PERISTYLUS bracteatus Lindl., 64, 65 f, major Franch, & Sav.,64 virescens Lindl., 64, 65 viridis Lindl., 65 var. bracteata Reichb.f. ex Kurz, 65 [ xxii ] PERULARIA bidentata Small, 58, 59, 60 Slava Farwell, 62 Nava Schlitr., 58 seutellata Small, 58, 59, 60 virescens A, Gray, 62, 65 Petie Guana, 35 PETIVERIA alliacea L., 31 PETRONIA regia Rodr., 171 PHALAENOPSIS, 168 PHASEOLUS lathyroides L., 50 PHTHIRUSA caribaea (Krug & Urb.) Engl., 36 PHYLLANTHUS acidus (L.) Skeels, 32, 44 Niruri L., 37 PHYLEORCHIS, 250 Josephi Kuntze, 250 Physic Nut, 37 Pigeon Berry Tree, 46 Pigturd, 37, 43 PIMENTA racemosa (Mill.) J.W., Moore, 40 PIPER Amalago L., 30, 36, 41 PISCIDIA piscipula (L.) Sarg., 35 PITHECELLOBIUM Saman (Willd.) Benth., 37 PITYPHYLLUM, 200 laricinum (Krénzl.) Schitr., 200 PLATANTHERA bracteata Torr., 64 Chorisiana Kranzl., 65 Slava Lindl., 58 Juscescens Kriinz)., 58, 62 herbiola Lindl., 58, 62 viridis sensu Finet, 65 var. bracteata Reichb.f., 64 PLEUROTHALLIS complicata Rolfe, 177 Dinotherii Reichb fi & Warscs., 174 diptera Lindl., 175 divaricans Schiltr., 176 huanucoensis Schltr., 178 macrorrhiza Lind/., 176 Millet Schitr., 176 rhizomatosa Schltr., 176, 177 semipellucida Reichb,f., 177 tricaudata Schltr., 175 xanthochlora Reichb f., 178 Plum, 33, 45, 50 PLUMERIA alba L., 51 POGONIA Thouarsi Rolfe, 249 POLYCYCNIS muscifera (Lindl. & Pact.) Reichb f., 192 POLYSTACHYA, 163 caracasana Reichb.f., 184 cerea Lind/., 183 ecuadorensis Schltr., 184, 185 Joliosa Reichb.f., 185, 186 guatemalensis Schlitr., 184 minor Fawe, & Rendle, 184, 185 nana (Poepp. & Endl.) Reichb f., 185 panamensis Schltr., 184, 185 stenophylla Schltr., 187 PONERA mapiriensis Kriinzl., 181 PONTHIEVA dicliptera Reichb.f., 174 [ xxiii ] diptera Linden & Reichbf., 174 elata Schltr., 174 PSEUDERIA Smithiana C. Schweinf: var, amplifolia C. Schweinf , 55 PSEUDERIOPSIS Schomburghkti Reichb.f., 190 PSIDIUM sp., 46 amplexicaule Pers., 33, 46 Rain Tree, 37 RANDIA aculeata L., 52 Rat Apple, 41, 48 RAUWOLFIA Lamarckii 4.DC., 38 Red Wiss, 44 REGNELLIA purpurea Rodr., 188 RHAPHIDORRHYNCHUS, 137 aphyllus Finet, 159 Chiloschistae Finet, 143 cornulus Finet, 161 Gilpinae Finet, 154 Perrieri Finet, 147 RHIZOPHORA Mangle L., 46 Rock Balsam, 34 RODRIGUESIA cochlearis Lindl., 27 SACCOLABIUM aphyllum Lindl., 159 radicosum A.Rich., 144 Saman, 37 SANSEVIERIA zeylanica Willd., 41 SATYRIUM bracteale Salisb., 64 bracteatum Pers., 64 virescens Pers., 64 SCAPHYGLOTTIS Antonii Schltr., 180 cuneata Schiltr., 181 gracilis Schltr., 181 Huebneri Seh/tr., 182 loretoensis Schltr., 180 parviflora Poepp. & Endl., 285, 286 pendula Poepp. & Endl., 285 prolifera Cogn., 181, 182 Tafallae Reichb.f., 288 Wercklei Schltr., 181, 182 var. major C.Schweinf.,181 SCHAEFFERIA frutescens Jacq., 45 SCHOMBURGKIA, 180 Moyobambae Schltr., 180 Weberbaueriana Krinzl, 180 SCOPARIA dulcis L., 39 Sea Grape, 30, 42 SEBASTIANA, 138 SERJANIA poly phylla (L.) Radlk. , 45,49 SIAGONANTHUS multicaulis Poepp. & Endl., 281 SMILAX coriacea Spreng., 30, 36 SOLANUM polygamum Vahl, 34 SOLENANGIS, 139, 160, 161 aphylla (T’hou.) Summerh., 159, 161 clavata (Ro.fe) Schltr., 160, 161 cornuta (Ridl.) Summerh., 160, 161 [ xxiv ] scandens (SeAltr.) Schitr.,161 Soursop, 31, 34 Spanish Thyme, 40 SPATHODEA campanulata Beauv., 52 Spice Guava, 33, 46 SPIRANTHES porrifolia Lindl., 1, 2 Romanzoffiana Cham., 1, 2 var. porrifolia (Lind/.) Ames & Correll, 1 SPOND] AS Mombin L., 33, 45, 50 Spratwool, 46 STELIS Joliosa Lindl., 185, 186, 187 STENOPTERA plantajrinea Schitr., 217 STIGMAPHYLLON lingulatum (Poir.) Small, 44 Stinking Weed, 31, 36 Sugar Ajyple, 31 Sweet Pers, 32, 42 TABEBJIA heterophylla (DC.) Britton,48 pallida Miers, 48 TAENIOPHYLLUM, 137,138 TAENIORRHIZA, 166 gabonensis Summerh., 166 Tamarini, 32, 42 TAMARINDUS indice L., 32, 42 TECOMA stans (L.) HBK., 39 Teeth Bush, 39 TERMINALIA Catappa L., 33, 46, 50 TETRAGAMESTUS gracilis Schltr., 181 TETRAZYGIA angustifolia (Sw.) DC., 46 Thistle, 52 Tipid, 43 Touch-me-not, 35 TOURNEFORTIA hirsutissima L., 34 TRICHOSTIGMA octandrum (L.) H. Walt., 42, 49 Trumpet Wood, 41 TULOTIS Juscescens Raf., 62 herbiola Raf., 62 Turpentine, 44 Type Palm, 49 VERBESINA alata L., 52 WARREA speciosa Schltr., 189, 190 tricolor Lindl., 189 Waternut, 30 White Torch, 43 Wild Daisy, 51 Wild Tamarind, 31, 43, 53 Wild Thyme, 40 Woman’s Tongues, 43 XANTHOXYLUM flavum Vahl, 38, 44 martinicense (Lam.) DC., 44 XYLOBIUM carnosum Schltr., 197 concavum Hemsl., 194 coneavum (Lind/.) Hemsl., 13 Filomenot Schlitr., 194, 195, 196 foveatum (Lindl. ) Nichols.194 gracile Schltr., 199 Houttei Makoy ex Mutel ,197 [ xxv ] latifolium Schltr., 196 pallidiflorum (Hook.) Nichols. 196 Powellii Sceh/tr., 14 scabrilingue Schltr., 197,198, 199 squalens (Lindl.) Lindl., 197, 198, 199 var. gracile (Schltr. ) C. Schweinf., 198 stachyobiorum Hemsl., 13, 194 sublobatum Schltr., 14 supinum Schltr., 197 Tuerckheimii Kréngl,, 14 Yellow Cedar, 39 Yellow Love, 38, 53 Yellow Pickle, 44 Yellow Sandalwood, 38, 44 ZYGOPETALUM rhombilabium C. Schweinf. , 276 [ xxvi ] ERRATA ET ADDENDA page 19, line 3 for 2 read t. 66 page 50, line 12 for Lizneaus read Linnaeus page 52, line 10 for makes read make page 187, line 25 for type read Type page 187, line 34 for (135) read (1836) page 18§, line 3 for Rodriguez read Rodrigues page 19%, line 28 for Gongora maculata Lindley var. bufonia ( Lindl.) C. Schweinfurth com), nov. read Gongora maculata Lindley var. leucochila (Lirdl.) C. Schweinfurth comb. nov. I1 selecting a varietal epithet, the existence of a previous name in the varietal rank was overlooked. page 21.1, line 7 for Kcoelensteinia read Koellensteinia page 22:4, line 28 for va‘. nov. read comb. nov. page 22'', line 8 for va*. nov. read comb. nov. page 232, line 22 for var. nov. read comb. nov. page 235, line 11 for var, nov, read comb. nov. page 25), line 34 for roseo read rosei page 255, line 25 for et parallela read parallela et [ xxvii | a A ei 2S 76 : or Y BOTANICAL MUSEUM LEAFLETS HARVARD UNIVERSITY Camprince, Massacnusetrs, JANUARY 22, 1943 Voi. 11, No, 1 NOTES ON AMERICAN ORCHIDS BY Oakes AMEs AND Donovan S. CorRELL THIs PAPER includes descriptions of several American orchid novelties and a number of miscellaneous orchid notes, among them some nomenclatorial changes which were found to be necessary. Spiranthes Romanzoffiana Chamisso var. porri- folia (Lindl.) Ames & Correll comb. nov. Spiranthes porrifolia Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch. PI. (1840) 467. Gyrostachys porrifolia O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. (1891) 664. Orchiastrum porrifolium Greene Man. Bot. Reg. San Francisco Bay (1894) 306. Ibidium porrifolium Rydberg in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 32 (1905) 610. Specimens which conform to Lindley’s type of S. porrifolia are readily distinguishable from the average specimen of §, Romanzoffiana. Usually S. Romanzoffiana is comparatively slender, with an elongated lax inflores- cence, and is quite different in habit from the Unalaskan type. It differs also from the Irish form and from the more northern forms of North America which are charac- teristically stunted and usually possess a short compact inflorescence. bt] HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY JAN 26 1943 The characters commonly used in separating S. porri- Jolia from S. Romanzoffiana may be summed up as fol- lows: 1) S. porrifolia, calli of the lip rather prominent ; lip essentially ovate-lanceolate in outline, usually oblong- quadrate below the constriction, scarcely (if at all) dilated at the apex and usually only cellular-papillose on the apical margin. 2) S. Romanzoffiana, calli minute; lip panduriform, orbicular below the constriction, strongly dilated at the apex and usually lacerate on the apical margin. Intergrading forms between these two entities may be found. Often a lip in other respects like that of typical S. Romanzoffiana will possess large, fleshy calli compara- ble to those which occur normally in S. porrifolia. Con- versely, a lip like that of 8. porrifolia will possess the characteristic minute or almost obsolescent calli which characterize S. Romanzoffiana. The inflorescence of typi- cal S. porrifolia is composed of several ranks of flowers and is characteristically more slender than that of S. Romanzoffiana. Several collections of S. porrifolia have been seen whose flowers are disposed in a single, secund or spiral rank. However, this occurrence is rare. We consider the localized S. porrifolia to be a geo- - graphic variety of the widespread and fairly common S. Romanzoffiana, and it will be so treated in our work on the Orchidaceae of North America, north of Mexico. Variety porrifolia is at present known to occur in Cali- fornia, where it is rather abundant, and in Utah, Nevada, Washington and Oregon, where it is less common. Epidendrum Howardii Ames & Correll sp. nov. Herba elata. Pseudobulbus ovoideus, ad apicem bifoli- atum sensim angustatus, vaginis magnis scariosis sufful- tus. Folia suberecta, lineari-ligulata, ad apicem obtusum leviter angustata, coriacea. Pedunculus terminalis, ro- [2] bustus, pendulus, bracteis brevibus triangularibus scari- osis arcte adpressis in nodis ornatus. Inflorescentia rare paniculsta, laxiflora. Ramorum et florum bractene sim- iles, minutae, triangulares, acutae, cucullatae. Flores spectab les, ovario pedicellato gracili. Sepala petalaque patenti:, pallidifusca et atrofusca maculata. Sepala ob- lanceolita, apice obtuso vel subacuto leviter recurva: sepala lateralia leviter obliqua. Petala spathulata, apice rotund: to apiculata. Labellum columnae basi adnatum, purpurcum, profunde trilobatum cum lobis subaequali- bus; lobi laterales in positu naturali erecti et supra pa- tentes, extensi oblique obovati, apice late rotundati, margin bus leviter undulatis; lobus medius suborbicu- laris, ap iculatus, marginibus valde undulato-plicatis, isth- mo brevi lato basi donatus; discus callo elliptico sulcato super isthmum in nervos tres incrassatos fere usque ad apicem extenso ornatus. Columna crassa, auricula parva triangulari acuta utrinque praedita. Plant large, up to 2 m. or more tall. Pseudobulb ovoid, tapering to the bifoliate apex, about 7 cm. long and 2 cm. in diameter near the base, subtended by large scari- ous-fibvous sheaths. Leaves two, at the apex of the pseu- dobulb, suberect, linear-ligulate, somewhat tapering to the obtuse apex, coriaceous, about 40 em. long and 2.5 cm. wile below the middle. Peduncle at the apex of the pseudobulb, stout, pendent, somewhat purple-tinged, provided at the nodes with short triangular closely ad- pressed scarious bracts, 7 dm. or more tall. Inflorescence a sparsely branched panicle, laxly Howered. Floral bracts and bracts subtending the flowering branches similar, minute, triangular-cucullate, acute, up to 5 mm. long. Flowers showy, with slender pedicellate ovaries which are 2—2.5 cm. long. Sepals and petals spreading, light brown, mottled with chocolate-brown. Sepals oblanceo- late, slightly recurved at the obtuse to subacute apex, [ 3 ] EXPLANATION OF THE ILLUSTRATION Prare I. Eprpenprum Howarpu Ames & Correll. 1, plant, one half natural size. 2, flower, front view, natural size. 3, flower, side view, natural size. 4, lip, spread out, twice natural size. 5, col- umn, side view, twice natural size. [4] EPIDENDRUM Ws FHourardii Ames g¢ Corre l@ 2-2.8 em. long, 5.5-7 mm. wide near the apex; lateral sepals slightly oblique. Petals spatulate, rounded and apiculace at the apex, with the margins crisped, 1.8-2.2 em. long, 5.5-6.5 mm. wide near the apex. Lip adnate to base of column, magenta, deeply 3-lobed with the lobes subequal, 1.5-1.8 em. long and about 2 cm. wide across the lateral lobes when spread out; lateral lobes upturned in natural position, spreading above, obliquely obovate, broadly rounded at the apex, with the margins somewhat undulate, about 1 em. long and 8 mm. wide above the middle; mid-lobe separated from the lateral lobes by a short fleshy isthmus, suborbicular, apiculate at the apex, with the margins strongly undulate-plicate, about 8 mm. long and 9 mm. wide; dise adorned with an elliptic suleate callus on the isthmus: callus divided and extended nearly to the apex of the mid-lobe as three thickened nerves. Column rather stout, about 8 mm. long, provided with a small triangular acute auricle on rach side at the apex. This species is related to the J. oncidioides Lindl]. com- plex. However, the large lateral lobes of the lip, which are equal to the mid-lobe in size, distinguish it from ZZ. oncidioides and its varieties. We take pleasure in naming this species in honor of its discoverer, Richard A. Howard. Cups: Oriente Proy., Sierra de Moa, dense tropical forest, 20 km. west of sawmill at Co. de Moa, July 26,1941, R.A. Howard 5939 (Type in Herb. Ames No. 61710; Isorype in Herb, Gray). Epidendrum verrucosum Swartz in Nov. Act. Ups. 6 (1799) 68. Mpidendrum myrianthum Lindl. [var.] album ‘* Rehb. f.’’ ex Williams Orch. Grow. Man. ed. 7 (1894) 387. In making the combination, 1. verrucosum var. myri- anthum (Lindl.) Ames & Correll in Bot. Mus. Leafl. [7] Harv. Univ. 10 (1942) 82, we inadvertently included in synonymy I7.myrianthum Lindl. [var. ] album “*Rehb.t.”” ex Williams. This variety is better referable to the typi- ‘ally white-flowered J7. verrucosum. 'The flowers of var. myrianthum, instead of being ‘‘almost pure white to deep ruby-red or purplish red,”’ are apparently only ruby-red or purplish red. Hexalectris Warnockii 4 mes & Correll sp. nov. Herba saprophytica, erecta vel adscendens. Caules graciles, simplices vel raro ramosi, aphylli, bracteati, In- florescentia racemosa, pauciflora. Florum bracteae ovatae vel ellipticae, acutae, concavae. Sepala lineari-elliptica vel lineari-oblanceolata, obtusa vel subacuminata; sepa- lum dorsale canaliculatum; sepala lateralia plusminusve falcata. Petala oblanceolata vel lineari-spathulata, obtusa vel subacuta, faleata. Labellum in circuitu suborbiculare vel late cuneato-obovatum, supra medium leviter vel con- spicue trilobatum, basi rotundatum vel late cuneatum ; lobi laterales obtusi vel late rotundati, in positu naturali incurvi; lobus medius valde irregularis, late obcordatus vel subquadratus, aliquid emarginatus, marginibus cren- ulato-dentatis ; lamina prominenter nervosa, cum lamellis tribus medianis magnis undulatis prominentibus quae ex infra labelli medium usque ad prope lobi medii apicem extendunt, et lamella breviore utrinque prope lobi medi basim terminanti. Columna generis. Plant saprophytic, erect or ascending from a slender rhizome, 1.5-83 dm. tall. Stems slender, simple or occa- sionally branched, aphyllous, provided with several short tubular sheaths, apparently purplish in color. Inflores- cence a laxly six- to eight-flowered raceme, up to 12 cm. long. Floral bracts ovate to elliptic, acute, concave, 5-9 mm. long. Flowers with slender pedicellate ovaries which are about 7 mm. long. Sepals and petals only slightly [ 8 | spreading, apparently reddish brown. Sepals linear-ellip- tic to linear-oblanceolate, obtuse to subacuminate, 1.5—-1.8 cm. long, 8.8-4.5 mm. wide at the widest point; dorsal sepal canaliculate; lateral sepals more or less faleate. Petals oblanceolate to linear-spatulate, obtuse to sub- acute, falcate, 1.6—-2 em. long, 2.8-3.8 mm. wide above the middle. Lip suborbicular to broadly cuneate-obovate in outline, prominently or shallowly 8-lobed above the middle, rounded to broadly cuneate at the base, 1.5-1.8 cm. long, 1.5-1.6 em. wide across the lateral lobes when spread out; lateral lobes obtuse to broadly rounded, up- curved in natural position, with the free part up to 4.5 mm. long; mid-lobe very variable, broadly obcordate to subquadrate, somewhat emarginate, with the margins crenulate-dentate, 4-6 mm. long, 6-11 mm. wide: lamina prominently nervose, adorned with five parallel lamellae ; the three central lamellae prominent, irregularly scal- loped and broken on the mid-lobe, extending from below the middle of the lip nearly to the apex of the mid-lobe, and on each side of these a shorter lamella which termi- nates near the base of the mid-lobe. Column somewhat clavate, arcuate, compressed, about 1 em. long. This species is distinguished by its narrow sepals and petals, the distinctive shape of the lip, and the peculiar scalloped and undulated lamellae which adorn the dise of the lip. The lip is very much like that of some species of Bletia. This species is named in honor of Barton H. Warnock, who for many years has been a diligent collector of bo- tanical specimens in the Glass and Chisos Mountains of Texas. Texas: Brewster Co., rare in upper Blue Creek Canyon, Chisos Mts., June 25, 1937, B. H. Warnock (Tyrer in Herb. Univ. of Texas); Brewster Co., Chisos Mts., July 25, 1982, C. H. Mueller S957 (Herb. Univ. of Texas); Brewster Co., rare, Upper Juniper Spring and Blue [9 ] EXPLANATION OF THE ILLUSTRATION Piare Il. Hexarectris Warnockit Ames & Correll. 1, plant, one half natural size. 2, dorsal sepal, twice natural size. 3, lateral sepal, twice natural size. 4, petal, twice natural size. 5, lip, side view, twice natural size. 6, lip, spread out, twice natu- ral size, { 10 | Puate II Wore er HEXALECTRIS Ames ¢ Correll Creek, Chisos Mts., June 25, 1937, B. H. Warnock 658 (Herb. Sul Ross State Teachers College; U.S. Nat. Herb.); Brewster Co., under Quercus, Oak Canyon, alt. 1870 m., July 5, 1931, J.4.Moore & J. A. Steyermark 3391 (Herb. Mo. Bot. Gard.): Brewster Co., Fern Can- yon, Alpine, July 7, 1925, Mr. & Mrs. W. W. Wimberley (Herb. Cornell Univ.); Jeff Davis Co., Fern Canyon, July 24, 1938, O. EF. Sperry T507 (Herb. Sul Ross State Teachers College). It is interesting to note that the genus Heevalectris has had a remarkable increase in number of species during the last two years. Prior to October, 1940, only two spe- cles were known, Hi. spicata (Walt.) Bernh. and HZ. mexicana Greenm. In June, 1941 (Correll in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 10, p. 20), a key was published for the identification of the five species then known. Xylobium concavum (Lind/.) Hemsley in Godman and Salvin Biol. Centr.-Am. Bot. 8 (1883) 252. Maavillaria concava Lindley in Bot. Reg. 80 (1844) Mise. p. 4. Maaitllaria stachyobiorum Reichenbach filius in Bot. Zeit. 10 (1852) 735. Nylobium stachyobiorum Hemsley in Godman and Sal- vin Biol. Centr.-Am. Bot. 8 (1888) 252. In describing Maaillaria concava, Lindley wrote: ‘*At first sight this species might be mistaken for JZ. bractes- COUN eee Later, Reichenbach wrote concerning his Maaillaria stachyobiorum: **Die Art selbst niichst JZ. bractescens Lindl.”’ A comparison of an analytical drawing in the Ames Herbarium of a specimen of JZ. stachyobiorum in the Reichenbach Herbarium with a drawing of the lip of J. concaca taken from a specimen in the Lindley Herbarium shows that they are essentially the same. The lip of JZ. stachyohiorum is shown as somewhat narrower than that [ 13 ] of M. concava. However, the lobing and callus is similar in both concepts. Specimens examined have the seta- ceous floral bracts attributed to M. concava. This species has been found in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Panama where it is epiphytic on trees in forests from sea level up to 1200 meters altitude. Xylobium Powellii Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beihefte 17 (1922) 66. Xylobium sublobatum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beihefte 19 (1928) 51. A comparison of an analytical drawing in the Ames Herbarium of the type of XY. sublobatum in the Schlechter Herbarium with an isotype of Y. Powellii reveals that they are conspecific. The lateral lobes of the lip of XY. Powellii are more pronounced than in X. sublobatum. Otherwise, the two concepts are identical. The trilamel- late dise of the lip is evident in both, and both have the characteristically short pseudobulb and inflorescence. This species is extremely close to XY. Tuerckhermiu Kriinzl. If it were possible to examine the type of that concept, we believe it would prove to be conspecific with X. Powellir. Xylobium Powellii has been found in Costa Rica and Panama where it grows on trees and stumps in forests up to 2000 meters altitude. Since Maaillaria, Camaridium and Ornithidium are now considered to be congeneric, the following nomen- clatorial changes for several Central American species are necessitated. Maxillaria bracteata (Sch/tr.) Ames & Correll comb. nov. Ornithidium bracteatum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 9 (1911) 217. [ 14 ] Camaridium bracteatum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beithefte 19 (1928) 57. This species has been found only in Costa Rica where it occurs on trees in forests up to 1900 meters altitude. Maxillaria brevilabia Ames & Correll nom. nov. Ornithidium Alfarot Ames & Schweinfurth in Sched, Orch. 10 (1980) 98, non Mavidllaria Alfaroi Ames & Schweinfurth. This species has been found only in Costa Rica where it grows on trees in forests up to 1800 meters altitude. The specific name is in allusion to the relatively short lip. Maxillaria concavilabia Ames & Correll nom. nov. Ornithidium stenophyllum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beihefte 19 (1923) 59, nec Maaillaria stenophylla Reichenbach filius, nee Maaillaria stenophylla Weh- man & Kriinzlin. This species has been found only in Costa Rica. The specific name is in allusion to the prominently concave lip. Maxillaria falcata Ames & Correll nom. nov. Ornithidium costaricense Schiechter in Fedde Repert. 8 (1910) 456, non Maaillaria costaricensis Schlechter. This species is common in Costa Rica, the only coun- try in which it has been found. It occurs as an epiphyte on trees in forests up to 2500 meters altitude. The specific name is in allusion to the faleate lateral lobes of the lip. Maxillaria paleata (Reichb,f.) Ames & Correll comb. nov. Ornithidium paleatum Reichenbach filius in Linnaea 41 (1876) 36. [ 15 ] This species has been found in Nicaragua and Costa Rica where it grows on trees in open forests and pastures up to 1050 meters altitude. Maxillaria quadrata Ames & Correll nom. nov. Ornithidium Lankestert Ames in Sched. Orch. 4 (1928) 52, non Mawillaria Lankesteri: Ames. This species has been found only in Costa Rica where it is epiphytic on trees in pastures and on ridges of upper slopes up to 1900 meters altitude. The specific name is in allusion to the typically quad- rate lateral lobes of the lip. The inflorescence is a showy mass of pinkish white flowers. Maxillaria serrulata 4 mes & Correll nom. nov. Camaridium Amparoanum Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. Beihefte 19 (1928) 56, non Maaillaria Amparo- ana Schlechter. This species has been found only in Costa Rica where it is epiphytic on trees. The specific name is in allusion to the serrulate-den- ticulate mid-lobe of the lip. Maxillaria sigmoidea (C. Schweinf.) Ames & Cor- rell comb. nov. Ornithidium sigmoideum C. Schweinfurth in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 4 (1987) 121. This species has been found only in Costa Rica where it is epiphytic on trees in forests up to 2000 meters alti- tude. Maxillaria purpurea (Spreng.) Ames & Correll comb, nov. Epidendrum vestitum Swartz Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. (1788) 124, non Maaillaria vestita Schlechter. [ 16 | Cymbidium vestitum Swartz in Nov. Act. Ups. 6 (1799) 70. Camaridium purpureum Sprengel Syst. Veg. 3 (1826) 735. Ornithidium vestitum Reichenbach filius in Walp. Ann. Bot. 6 (18638) 491, Ornithidium simulans Ames & Schweinfurth in Sched. Orch. 10 (1980) 99. Ornithidium simulans and O.vestitum in the past were thought to be separable— O. simulans confined to Central America; O. vestitum widespread in the West Indies and northern South America. However, a comparison of these two concepts shows that they are identical. This species has been found in Guatemala, Honduras, throughout the West Indies and northern South Amer- ica where it is epiphytic on trees and on rocks in forests at low elevations. Maxillaria strumata (Mndres & Reichb.f.) Ames & Correll comb. nov. Ornithidium strumatum Endres & Reichenbach filius in Gard. Chron. n.s. 2 (1874) 772. This species has been found only in Costa Rica. Maxillaria trilobata Ames & Correll nom. nov. Camaridium Brenesii: Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beihefte 19 (1923) 287, non Mazillaria Brenesii Schlechter. This species has been found only in Costa Rica where it grows on trees in cloud forests up to 1500 meters al- titude. The specific name is in allusion to the prominently 3-lobed lip. Maxillaria Tonduzii (Sch/tr.) Ames & Correll comb. NOV. Camaridim costaricense Schlechter in Fedde Repert. [17 ] 8 (1907) 250, non Mawillaria costaricensis Schlechter. Camaridium Tonduzu Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 8 (1910) 571. This species has been found only in Costa Rica where it occurs as an epiphyte on trees up to 1600 meters al- titude. Maxillaria Wrightii (Sc//tr.) Ames & Correll comb. nov. Camaridium Wrightu Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 16 (1920) 448. Ornithidium Wrightiti C. Schweinfurth in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 4 (1937) 95. This species has been found in Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Maxillaria Wrightii (Sci/tr.) Ames & Correll var. imbricata (Sch/tr.) Ames & Correll comb. nov. Camaridium imbricatum Schlechter in Beihette Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 415, non Maaillaria im- bricata Rodriguez. Ornithidium Schlechterianum C. Schweinfurth in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 4 (1987) 94. Vegetatively, var. imbricata is extremely close to the typical form of the species. However, the flowers are only one half to two thirds as large as those of typical M. Wrightiv. Variety imbricata has been found only in Costa Rica where it grows on trees and in soil on banks up to 2400 meters altitude. Maxillaria Adolphii (Sch/tr.) Ames & Correll comb. nov. Ornithidium Tonduzti Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 8 (1907) 250, non Mawillaria Tonduzi (Schitr.) Ames & Correll. [ 18 | Camaridium Adolphi Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beihe ‘te 19 (1923) 58; Fedde Repert. Beihefte 59 (1931) 2, Nr. 263. This species has been found only in Costa Rica where it grows on trees in forests up to 2600 meters altitude. Odontoglossum convallarioides (S¢h/tr.) Ames & Correll comb. nov. Osmogtossum convallarioides Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. Beihefte 19 (1928) 148. This species forms with Odontoglossum Meertoni Lindl. and O. pulchellum Batem. ex Lindl. a complex group of plants. All three species are similar in habit. However, there are floral differences which readily keep them apart. This species differs from O. HM gertonii in that the broader lateral sepals are almost free instead of being urited almost to the apex as in that species, and the lip is distinctly constricted below the middle, a char- acter lacking in O. Mgertoni. The column ot O. conval- larioides is almost without apical lobules, whereas the column of O. Ngertonii is deeply 8-lobed with the lobes fringed. Odontoglossum convallarioides differs trom O. pulchellum not only in the smaller flowers but also in the column which is not conspicuously lobulate and in the lip which is flat and concave instead of being strongly arcuate-deflexed as in that species. This species is rare in Mexico and Guatemala, but common in Costa Rica, where it occurs as an epiphyte on trees in forests usually at high elevations up to 2700 meters altitude. Oncidium guatemalense Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. 10 (1912) 362. Odontoglossum oliganthum Reichenbach — filius in Bonpl. 4 (1856) 821. [ 19 ] Oncidium guatemalense and Odontoglossum oliganthum have in the past been considered as distinct. However, we now consider them to be identical and referable to Oneidium guatemalense. This species is rare in Mexico and Guatemala where it occurs as an epiphyte on trees in forests up to 2000 meters altitude. Oncidium Wentworthianum Bateman ev Lindley var. tenue (Lind/.) Ames & Correll comb. nov. Oneidium tenue Lindley in Journ. Hort. Soc. 3 (1848) 76, fig. Variety tenue differs from the typical form of the spe- cies mainly in the usually smaller and differently colored flowers. The strongly undulate sepals and petals have an acute-apiculate apex and are commonly shorter and nar- rower than in typical O. Wentworthianum. They are solid- ly reddish brown with the apical fourth yellow, whereas the sepals and petals of the typical form are lemon-yellow with dark brown irregular blotches or stains on the lower half. The lip of var. terue is adorned with a wide solid wine-colored band across the broad isthmus. The callus of the lip and the column-wings are essentially alike in the two concepts. The inflorescence of var. tenue is oc- ‘asionally as much as three meters in length and the branches are usually short and few-flowered. The floral measurements are as follows: Sepals 1.1-1.5 cm. long, 3.5-6 mm. wide; petals 1-1.3 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide; lip 1.3-1.8 em. long, 1.1-1.4cm. wide across the auricu- liform lateral lobes, 9-11 mm. wide across the bilobulate mid-lobe. There is little doubt that this variety has been confused with O. ansiferum Reichb.f. and other species in the O. reflewum Lindl. complex. Lt is easily distinguished from O. ansiferum by the differently shaped callus of the lip [ 20 | and the column-wings. An examination of Lindley’s illustration of O.tenwe shows the short-branched inflores- cence waich is characteristic of this variety. Varievy fenue is rare in Mexico and Guatemala where it is epiphytic on trees in humid forests up to about 1000 meters eltitude. Leochilus Johnstonii mes & Correll sp. nov. Herba parva, glabra, saepissime caespitosa. Pseudo- bulbi inconspicui, suborbiculares, apice unifoliati, basi vaginis distichis foliiferis celantibus ornati. Folia lineari- ligulata, obtusa, articulata, coriacea; vaginae valde con- duplicatae, crassae, marginibus hyalinis. [nflorescentia in pseucobulbi basi axillaris, quam folia multo brevior, erecto-adscendens vel patens et pendula, pluriflora: pe- dunculus et rachis angulata. Florum bracteae triangulari- ovatae Vel triangulari-lanceolatae, acutae, concavae, scar- iosae. Flores parvi, cum ovariis pedicellatis crassis sig- moideo-arcuatis, trialatis. Sepala libera, elliptica vel elliptico-lanceolata, acuta, dorso carinata, navicularia: sepalum dorsale erecto-arcuatum, cucullum super col- umnam. formans; sepala lateralia obliqua, patentia. Petala elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, obtusa vel subacuta, leviter concava, plusminusve porrecta. Labellum patens, ellip- ticum, leviter retusum, marginibus paulo recurvis minute undulatis, conspicue trinervium nervis ramosis; discus ima basi callo profunde concavo glabro, et antice callo subquadrato leviter sulcato puberulo ornatus. Columna ‘arnosa, Clavata, medio stelidio parvo oblique triangulari obtuso porrecto utrinque donata. Capsula obovoideo- ellipsoidea vel late ellipsoidea, tenuiter pedicellata, eros- trata, tr quetra angulis valde alatis. Plant small, glabrous, usually growing in clumps, up to 11 cm. tall. Pseudobulbs inconspicuous, suborbicular, less than 6 mm. long, about 38 mm. wide, unifoliate, [ 21 | EXPLANATION OF THE ILLUSTRATION Prare TEL. Leocuius Jounsrontr Ames & Correll. 1, plant, one and one fifth times natural size. 2, flower, front view, spread open, three times natu- ral size. 3, flower, front-side view, partly spread open, three times natural size. [ 22] Piate [II LEOCHILUS PeAnstoni Ames ¢ Correll BS completely concealed by leaf-sheaths. Leaf solitary at apex of pseudobulb, also several distichously arranged at base of pseudobulb, linear-ligulate, obtuse, coriaceous, articulate, 2.5-6.5 em. long, 5-10 mm. wide; sheaths thick, strongly conduplicate, with hyaline margins, 8-15 mm. long. Inflorescence from axil of leafat base of pseu- dobulb, much shorter than the leaves, erect-ascending or spreading-pendent, several-flowered, up to 4 em. long; peduncle and rachis angular. Floral bracts triangular- ovate to triangular-lanceolate, acute, concave, scarious, 3-5 mm. long. Flowers small, with stout sigmoid-arcuate 3-winged pedicellate ovaries which are about 8 mm. long, with the wings of the ovary continuous into the sepals. Sepals free, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, acute, dorsally ‘arinate, longitudinally concave, 6.5-7 mm. long, 2—-2.3 mm. wide; dorsal sepal erect-arcuate to form a hood over the column; lateral sepals spreading, oblique. Petals el- liptic to oblong-elliptic, obtuse to subacute, slightly con- ‘ave, somewhat directed forward, 5.5-6 mm. long, 2.2- 2.8mm. wide. Lip spreading, elliptic, lightly retuse at the apex, with the slightly recurved margins minutely un- dulate, prominently 3-nerved with the nerves branched, about 6 mm. long and 8.5 mm. wide at the middle; disc provided at the extreme base with a deeply concave gla- brous callus with very fleshy margins which are open in front, with a subquadrate slightly suleate puberulent cal- lus in front of the concave base, the entire callus about 38 mm. long and 1 mm. wide. Column fleshy, clavate, about 8mm. long, provided on each side about the mid- dle with a small obliquely triangular obtuse arm which projects forward. Capsule on a slender pedicel, obovoid- ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, beakless, triangular in cross- section with the three angles prominently winged, about 1.5 cm. long. Superticially, 1. Johnstonii is most closely allied to L. [ 25 ] tricuspidatus (Reichb.f.) Kriinzl., of Costa Rica. How- ever, it differs from that species in the short inflorescences which are always exceeded by the leaves; the elliptic (instead of obovate) lip which is not strongly deflexed at the base and which is only slightly retuse instead of being bilobulate at the apex; and in the shape of the callus at the extreme base of the lip. The two species are similar in their capsules which are beakless and strongly 38-winged. The flowers, except tor being smaller, are almost iden- tical in appearance with those of L. oncidioides Knowles & Weste. However, the lateral sepals are entirely free at the base, whereas those of J. oncidioides are united for about one third their length. Vegetatively, these two spe- cies are very different. The inconspicuous pseudobulbs, short and stubby inflorescences, and beakless strongly 3-winged capsule of L. Johnston immediately separate it from L. oncidiordes. It is of interest to note that the descriptions we have seen of the genus Leochilus fail to describe adequately the fruits of the various species included in that genus. The capsules are usually briefly described as *‘ellipsoidal, beaked.*’ They are actually rotund-trigonous to ellipsoid, strongly beaked or beakless, and with or without promi- nent wings. We take pleasure in naming this species in honor of its discoverer, John R. Johnston. ‘ Guaremata: Alta Verapaz, Tactic, J. R. Johnston 1864 (Tyre in Herb. Ames No. 61709); mountains east of Tactic, on road to ‘Tam- aha, dense wet forest, on tree, 1500-1650 meters altitude, P. C. Standley 71432 (Herb. Field Mus.). Leochilus labiatus (Sw.) O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 656 (as Leiochilus)—Cogniaux in Urban Symb. Antill. 4 (1908) 182. Epidendrum labiatum Swartz Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. (1788) 124; FI. Ind. Oce. (1799) 1493. [ 26 | Liparis labiata Sprengel Syst. Veg. 3 (1826) 741. Rodriguesia cochlearis Lindley in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 (1840) 116. Leochilus cochlearis Lindley in Bot. Reg. 28 (1842) Mise. p. 23. Oncidium labiatum Reichenbach filius in Walp. Ann. 6 (18638) 741. Lewochilus gracilis Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Bei- hefte 19 (1928) 152. A comparison of Leochilus labiatus and L. gracilis re- veals that they are identical. Heretofore, Z. labiatus has been considered as occurring only in the West Indies, whereas L. gracilis was thought to be restricted to Cen- tral America. This species is found in Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Guade- loupe, Dominica, St. Vincent and Trinidad. It is epi- phytic on trees in dense or open forests up to 1200 meters altitude. Leochilus scriptus Reichenbach filius Xen. Orch. 1 (1854) 15, t. 6. Cryptosanus scriptus Scheidweiler in Otto & Dietrich Allg. Gartenz. 11 (1843) 101. Oncidium scriptum Reichenbach filius in Walp. Ann. Bot. 6 (1868) 772. There is a sterile specimen from Cuba in the Ames Herbarium (Bohnhoff) which is undoubtedly this species. Vegetatively, it is an exact match for typical material from Central America. It is noted here as from Cuba in order that it may be brought to the attention of botanical collectors. The area of distribution may now be defined as Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama and ques- tionably Cuba. Two species of Leochilus, L. labiatus [ 27 ] (Sw.) O. Ktze. and L. salvus (Reichb.f.) Griseb., are definitely known to occur in Cuba. Ornithocephalus inflexus Lindley in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 4 (1840) 884. Ornithocephalus mexicanus A. Richard & Galeotti in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 8, 3 (1845) 24. Ornithocephalus elephas Reichenbach filius in Walp. Ann. Bot. 6 (1868) 498. Ornithocephalus Pottsiae S. Watson in W.T. Brigham Guatemala the Land of the Quetzal (1887) 429, nomen; in Proc. Am. Acad. 22 (1887) 478. Ornithocephalus Tonduzu Schlechter in Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 420. A number of concepts, based for the most part on minor variations, have been proposed for this variable species. A comparison of an analytical drawing in the Ames Herbarium of the type of O. Tonduzu in the Schlechter Herbarium with a photograph (with analyti- cal drawings) of the type of O. inflexus shows that these concepts are conspecific. An examination of a tracing in the Ames Herbarium of the type of O. elephas in the Reichenbach Herbarium reveals that it is referable to O. inflevus. An examination of the type of O. Pottsiae in the Gray Herbarium shows that it is the same as O. inflexus. This species has been found in Mexico, British Hon- duras, Guatemala, Honduras and Costa Rica where it occurs as an epiphyte on trees in forests and pasturelands up to 1100 meters altitude. [ 28 ] HARVARD UNIVERSITY OA P) Y BOTANICAL LEAFLETS HARVARD UNIVERSITY “AMBRIDGE, Massacuusetts, APRIL 22, 1943 VoL. Pi, No, 2 KCONOMIC PLANTS OF ST. JOHN, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS BY Roserr H. Woopwortu (Bennington College, Bennington, Vermont) THE ISLAND OF St. JOHN presents a truly virgin ap- pearance, being forested from the hilltops to the water’s edge. A century ago practically the whole island was under cultivation, sugar cane being the main crop. After 1848, when slavery was abolished, the cultivation of the island’s very poor soil was no longer profitable. As the forests slowly covered the hillsides the population gradu- ally dropped from twenty-five hundred to less than one- third that number. Among the few remaining signs of this earlier activity are the ruins of the sugar estates, and even these are, for the most part, overgrown with vines and trees. Most sections of the island are accessible by trails which wind over the mountains, along the shores and through the dense vegetation of the deep valleys. There ure no roads. ‘The island is free from the ‘‘improvements of modern civilization’” and interestingly enough has no urgent economic problems. It is not intended to imply that the natives would not profit by a better diet, but this is just as true of people everywhere. A large majority of the St. John folk have never been off their island. The natives have less than the people of nearby islands and [ 29 ] live more simply ; possibly because they are isolated from the common causes of discontent they are happier and more independent. Their diet consists of corn meal, fish (the nearby waters comprise some of the finest fishing grounds), meat from a few domestic animals, produce from small gardens, and certain wild plants. FOOD PLANTS Panicum maximum Jacquin. Gramineae. GUINEA GRass. This tall African grass is grown for forage. It is one of the favorite foods of horses and cattle. Smilax coriacea Sprengel. Liliaceae. BELL APPLE. Children eat the yellow fruit. (See also medicinal plants). Cocos nucifera Linnaeus. Palmae. W AaTERNUT. The liquid endosperm (i.e. water) of the green unripe fruit is drunk and the gelatinous endosperm is eaten. This is an important part of the diet. The hard white endosperm of the ripe coconut is considered unfit for human consumption but is fed to hogs. Piper Amalago Linnaeus. Piperaceae. Buack WarrLe, Cras Woop. The leaves are dried and used for making tea. ‘This species is also mentioned under medicinal plants, and plants providing wood. Coccoloba uvifera Linnaeus. Polygonaceae. SEA GRAPE. The fruits are eaten raw or made into an excellent jam. There is not much flesh around the large seed. The heavy crop ripens progressively during several months. [ 80 | Boerhaavia erecta Linnaeus. Nyctaginaceuxe. BATA-BATA. The succulent leaves of this spreading herb are used for spinach. They are one of the constituents of the dish called calalon. Petiveria alliacea Linnaeus. Phytolaccaceae. Conca Roor. Although the specific name suggests the odor of this plant, the leaves are sometimes dried for tea by the natives. Annona muricata Linnaeus. Annonaceae. SOURSOP. The fruit is used in making sherbet. Annona glabra Linnaeus. Annonaceae. Bonya, Dog Apple. This fruit is eaten even though it is not esteemed as highly as that of other members of the genus. (See also under wood). Annona squamosa Linnacus. Annonaceae. SUGAR APPLE. The fruit of this small tree is common and much ap- preciated, Leucaena glauca (L.) Bentham. Leguminosne. Witp TaMaRInpb. Horses feed on the leaves of this shrub when guinea grass gets old and unpalatable. If they get little else in their diet the hair of the tail and mane falls out, possibly because of some poison or because of some dietary de- ficiency. When the diet changes hair grows in again. This plant also provides wood. Cassia occidentalis Linnaeus. Leguminosae. STINKING WEED. The seeds are parched, ground and brewed for a bev- erage like coffee. Inga laurina (Sw.) Willdenow. Leguminosae. g SWEET PEAs. The long horizontal lenticels and the light bark give g 2 this tree the appearance of our northern birches. Child- ren eat the seeds. Centrosema virginianum (L.) Bentham. WLegu- minosae. Buure Wiss. This is one of the favorite foods of horses. They will cover a great deal of territory selecting these diminutive vines while ignoring abundant stands of guinea grass. This is also a fiber plant. Gliricidia sepium (Jacg.) Steudel. Leguminosae. MabrE DE Cacao. This tree can be used to provide a valuable cattle food. The small branches are cut into pieces containing several nodes. These are placed in rows in the ground. They grow quickly, developing an abundance of herbage which is high in protein content. The cattle are turned in to feed until the growth is stripped, then it is allowed to grow out again. Tamarindus indica Linnaeus. Leguminosae. ‘TAMARIND. The young pods are made into jam. They are first soaked in water which is thrown away. Then they are boiled, and preserved in a syrup. Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels. (Cicca disticha L.). Euphorbiaceae. C,OOSEBERRY. [ 82 | The berries are made into jam or eaten tresh. (See also under wood plants). Spondias Mombin Linnaeus. Anacardiacene. Pins. The truit is fed to hogs, although in other localities it is esteemed for human consumption. (See also under wood). Melicocca bijuga Linnaeus. Sapindaceae. Canip, Kxip, GUINIP. This well known fruit tree of the warmer regions is common on St. John. It bears an abundance of fruit which is relished by the natives and visitors. Corchorus siliquosus Linnaeus. Viliaceae. Papa Lona. The leaves are frequently used for spinach. ‘They are one of the ingredients of the dish called calalou. Terminalia Catappa Linnaeus. Combretacere. ALMOND. Both the fleshy outer part of the fruit and the oily seed are eaten. (See also under ornamental plants). Psidium amplexicaule Persoon. Myrtaceae. SPICE GUAVA. When cut, the wood smells ike Hubbard Squash. The fruit is eaten. Eugenia ligustrina Willdenow. Myrtaceae. CRUMBERRY. The berries are used in making jam and in the prepa- ration of a rum similar to guava-berry rum. Eugenia procera Poirct. Myrtacexe. GFUAVA-BERRY, This is the plant which several generations ago pro- vided the fruits for the famous guava-berry rum of the locality. Quite recently an attempt was again made to produce this drink commercially. Several barrels of guava-berries were shipped to Denmark, but this was just previous to the German occupation and nothing has been heard of the shipment. Individuals still make guava- berry rum for their own use, particularly at the holiday season. Cordia glabra Linnaeus. Boraginaceae. MANJACK. The fruit of this tree is fed to hogs. (See also under wood). Tournefortia hirsutissima Linnaeus. Boragina- cene, GINIPER, CHICKENET. When the leaves are dried they make an excellent tea. Cordia nitida Vah/. Boraginaceae. Bastarp MANJACK. The fruits are gathered and fed to hogs. Ocimum micranthum W7i//denow. Labiatae. Rock BasamM. The dried tragrant leaves are used for tea. Solanum polygamum JVah/. Solanaceae. Parka, COCCULARKA. The leaves of this shrub are interesting in that there are upright spines from the midrib. Children eat the berries. PLANTS USED FOR FISH BAIT Annona muricata Linnaeus. Annonacene. SOURSOP. [ 34 | The fruit is an excellent bait for use in fish pots. It is iso edible. Pachycereus marginatus (DC.) Britton & Rose. Cactaceae. DippLEDOo, This is the Organ Pipe Cactus. The green rind is peeled off and the inside of the young stems is used for fish pot bait. Morinda citrifolia Linnaeus. Rubiaceae. PAINKILLER. Pieces of the large fruit are used for bait in fish pots. This is also a medicinal plant. POISONOUS PLANTS Piscidia piscipula (L..) Sargent. Leguminosae. DoGwoop. Leaves and twigs are broken up and scattered on the water. Fish teed on these bits and are quickly poisoned and easily caught. Malpighia infestissima (Juss.) Richard. Malpighi- acede, Map Doc, Toucu-MrE-Nor. Common on dry, exposed slopes. The leaves and young stems are covered with large needle-like hairs which pen- etrate the skin causing painful dermatitis. Asclepias curassavica Linnacus. Asclepiadaceae. Petrie GuANa. It is said that this plant will cause the death of any animal which eats it and that it is more poisonous at cer- tain seasons than at others. | 35] MEDICINAL PLANTS Smilax coriacea Sprengel. Liliaceae. BeLL APPLE. The vegetative parts of the plant are brewed to pro- vide an abortifacient. Lam told that this would only be used when it was considered extremely dangerous for the mother to continue in pregnancy. Ordinarily pregnancy is to be encouraged since the population of St. John has been regularly declining. Possibly a deficient diet ren- ders pregnancy difficult. Mild doses of this tea are used to rid children of worms. (See also under food plants). Piper Amalago Linnaeus. Piperaceae. Buack WartLe. The green leaves are brewed to provide a remedy for coughs. The dried leaves are used in the preparation of au beverage tea. (See also under wood), Phthirusa caribaea (Krug & Urban) Engler. Loranthaceae. Bass aND Boom. The leaves of this mistletoe are boiled for a brew which is drunk to relieve strains caused by lifting heavy loads. Bryophyllum pinnatum (L.) Kurz. Crassulaceae. CLAPPER Busu, GREEN Love, Arr PLAN’. The leaves are steeped and the brew drunk to relieve pain in the kidneys. Cassia occidentalis Linnaeus. Leguminosae. STINKING WEED. The root is boiled and the brew drunk for aiding ap- petite or for treating cramps. (See also under food). [ 86 | Pithecellobium Saman (Willd.) Bentham. Legu- niunosie. Rain TREE, KINDLY TREE, FRIENDLY TREE, Lic- ORICE, SAMAN. The seeds are chewed for sore throat: an elixir pre- pared trom them is also used. Andira inermis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth. Leguminosae, Pigtrurp, HunkLuUT (from an old creole name). Both of these common names refer to the appearance of the seeds on the ground. The bark and seeds are used to prepare a purging brew which must be used with care because it is poisonous in large doses. (See also under wood). Galactia dubia De Candolle. Leguminosae. PRoN WEEb. A tea from the leaves is used tor relieving pain in the back caused by overexertion. [t is practically impossible to pull the root system of this plant out of the ground. For this reason it is suggested that the medicinal use is in accord with the doctrine of signatures. Jatropha gossypiifolia Linnaeus. Kuphorbiaceae. Puysic Nouv. The leaves are boiled and the brew drunk for a mild physic. The brew is also used to wash sores and ulcers. Phyllanthus Niruri Linnaeus. Kuphorbiaceae. CANE Peas SENNA. A common weed in the West Indies and tropical America. The whole plant is brewed and the liquor boiled down. Some of this extremely bitter liquor is drunk each morn- ing, for several days, in cases of malaria and dengue fever. [eee | ‘This remedy is very highly thought of by the natives. If it is as effective as they claim, it might well serve as a substitute for quinine. The fifth edition of Merck’s Index refers to an extract (Cg0H37Ox) from the leaves of this plant which is said to poison fish. It does not have characters of a glucoside. This may or may not be the effective principle. Canella Winterana (L.) Gaertner. Canellaceae. PEPPER CINNAMON. The thick leaves, which contain many oil glands, are boiled and the liquor is used as a drink and to bathe the whole body in cases of grippe or ‘‘cold all over the body. ”’ This treatment makes the individual sweat profusely. Xanthoxylum flavum JVah/. Rutaceae. YELLOW SANDALWOOD. An extract from the bark of the trunk and roots has been used as a tonic. (See also under wood). Melochia nodiflora Swartz. Bombacaceae. Biuack MARSHMALLOW. This very common plant is pounded, mixed with salt und vinegar and put on cuts and sprains. Rauwolfia Lamarckii 4. De Candolle. Apocyna- ceae. Birrer Busy, BELLYACHE. The leaves are boiled and the brew drunk to aid in elimination of the afterbirth following parturition. Cuscuta americana Linnaeus. Convolvulacene. YELLOW Love. This plant, together with the leaves of yellow cedar (see below), is brewed for a ‘*fever tea’’ which is much used. [ 38 | Heliotropium angiospermum Murray. Borag- Inaceae. Ky EBRIGHT. The plant is boiled and the brew used to bathe irri- tated eyes. Scoparia dulcis Linnaeus. Scrophulariacese. Treeri Busu, The whole top of the plant is boiled and the brew ap- plied to gums when children are cutting teeth. Tecoma stans (L..) Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth. Bignoniacere, YELLow Crepar, GINGER THOMAS. The leaves, together with the dodder (Cuscuta ameri- cand 1.) mentioned above, are brewed for a ‘‘fever tea.’ Crescentia Cujete Linnaeus. Bignoniacese. CaALABASH, GourD TREE. The truit-pulp is boiled and the thick liquor taken for respiratory troubles. (See also under miscellaneous eco- nomic plants). Bontia daphnoides Linnaeus. Myoporaceae. Burron woop. The leaves are steeped and the brew administered to people who are suffering trom fish poisoning. The whole problem of poisoning from fish is a serious one for these folk: whether it is caused by fish which have been dead too long for safe consumption (no ice is available) or by fish which are poisonous even if eaten immediately after being caught. It is reported that there are as many as forty deaths a year due to fish poisoning on the nearby island of Tortola alone. Morinda citrifolia Linnaeus. Rubiaceae. PAINKILLER. The leaves of this common shrub are brewed to pro- vide a liquor which is applied externally to relieve pain. Also pieces of the large fruit are heated and put on sores or inflamed regions. (See also under bait). PLANTS WHICH PROVIDE ESSENTIAL OILS Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J. W.Moore. (Amomis caryophyllata (Jacq.) Krug & Urban). Myrtaceae. Bay TREE. Oil of bay is distilled from the leaves. Plantations of this tree are on the mountains at the eastern part of St. John. Although the shape of the bay tree is naturally beautiful, the regular harvesting causes stunted and com- pact growth. There is a striking variation in the quality of the essential oil from individual trees. This is so pro- nounced that certain specimens are considered by the natives to be closely related but not the true bay. No attempts have been made to select high quality and high yielding trees for propagation. Virgin Island bay rum is compounded in St. ‘Thomas from the essential oil of St. John. Only five per cent of bay rum imports into the United States have this origin. Better distilling methods and better care of the trees would increase the yield of bay oil. The industry has never been considered important enough to carry on ge- netic and propagation studies with a view to improving quality and yield. Coleus amboinicus Loureiro. Labiatae. Wintp Thyme. Very strongly aromatic. In other parts of the Ameri- can tropics this is called Spanish ‘Thyme and is common- ly seen in the markets. [ 40 | DYE PLANT Genipa americana Linnaeus. Rubiaceae. Rar APPLE. This tree which is so well known in the American tropics tor its excellent wood is not Common enough on St. John to be so used. The astringent pulpy interior of the unripe fruit when macerated yields a blue black dye. Although the pulp of the ripe fruit is eaten by many people, the natives of St. John do not eat it. PLANTS USED AS SOAP Sansevieria zeylanica Willdenow. Liliaceue. Lizarp’s TalIt. The leaves are crushed in water and are then used for washing and bleaching clothing. Passiflora suberosa Linnacus. Passitloracene. INK Berry. The crushed plant is said to make lather in water, while the crushed berry provides a natural ‘‘bluing.”’ Both of these substances are used in washing clothing. PLANTS USED FOR THEIR WOOD Piper Amalago Linnaeus. Piperaceae. Buack WartLe. The stems are utilized in building small shelters or shacks much as bamboo is used. Cecropia peltata Linnaeus. Moraceae. Trumerer Woop. The trunks, which have hollow internodes, are used for fish pot buoys. Ficus laevigata /’ah/. Moraceuxe. MiLk Tree. The wood is used tor charcoal. [41 | Coccoloba uvifera Linnaeus. Polygonaceae. SEA GRAPE. The wood is used tor boat timbers and for charcoal. (See also under food plants). Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H. Walter. Phy- tolaccaceae. Buack Hoopwoon. The wood of this vine is peeled and used for the frames of baskets. Annona glabra Linnaeus. Annonaceuxe. Bonya, Doc APPLE. ‘The wood is used tor heavy timbers. It is also in de- mand as fuel by the bake shops. It is sold by weight. Capparis indica (l..) Fawcett & Rendle. Capparid- aceae, Biack Wirry. The wood is light, but very strong. It is used tor axe handles and is split into long thin pieces for the frames of fish pots. Hymenaea Courbaril Linnaeus. Leguminosae. Locust. The wood is used tor furniture and charcoal. Tamarindus indica Linnaeus. Leguminosae. ‘TAMARIND. The wood makes good charcoal. (See also under food plants). Inga laurina (Sw.) Willdenow. Leguminosae. SWEET Peas. ‘The wood is split into long thin strips for the frames of tish pots. [ 42 ] Acacia muricata (l.) Sargent. Leguminosae. Doawoop. The wood is used for fence posts and is split for fish pot braces. It also makes fair charcoal. Andira inermis Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth. Leguminosae. Piaturp, Hexkn.ur. The wood is used in furniture making. (See also under medicinal plants). Albizzia Lebbeck (L.) Bentham. Leguminosae. Tireip, Woman’s Toncurs. (The latter common name is applied because the flat, paper-thin legume pods ee rustle in the slightest breeze and are said to be ‘‘ whisper- ing all the time”’). The wood is excellent for furniture construction and makes a good grade of charcoal. Leucaena glauca (L.) Bentham. Leguminosae. Witp TamMarinp. ‘he wood is used tor making charcoal. (See also under food plants). Erythrina Corallodendrum Linnaeus. Legumin- OsSUC, JOMBATEL, The wood ts used in making charcoal. Erythroxylon brevipes De Candolle. Krythroxy- lacene. BRIZLerr. This tree provides one of the very best fence post woods. It commands a higher price than all other fence post woods except Black ‘Torch. Amyris elemifera Linnaeus. Rutacene. Wuurre Torcu. The wood gives a spicy and peppery odor when cut or sawed. It is a good wood for fence posts. Xanthoxylum martinicense (Lam.) De Candolle. Rutaceae. YELLOW PRICKLE. This wood is used in building construction and in fur- niture making. Xanthoxylum flavum Mah/. Rutaceae. YELLOW SANDALWOOD. This is the West Indian Satinwood of commerce. The wood is hard and much in demand for fine furniture and novelty manufacture. Bursera Simaruba (L.) Sargent. Burseraceae. ‘TURPENTINE. This tree is called Gumbo Limbo in Florida and Cuba, and West Indian Birch in the British West Indies. ‘The wood is used for fence posts. Pieces put in the ground just after cutting will take root and form a living hedge- row. Stigmaphyllon lingulatum (Por.) Small. Mal- pighiaceae. Rep Wiss. The wood is used for the braces on fish pots. Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels (Cicea disticha 1.) Euphorbiaceae. GOOSEBERRY. The wood is used for charcoal. (See also under food plants). Gymnanthes lucida Swartz. Kuphorbiaceae. GOA TWOOD. The hard black heartwood of this small tree is highly prized for making walking sticks. [ 44 | Spondias Mombin Linnaeus. Anacardiaceae. PLUM. When small trees or branches from larger trees are used for fence posts they take root and grow, providing a living hedgerow. Schaefferia frutescens Jucquin. Celastracene. Box woop. The wood is used for fence posts and charcoal. Maytenus sp. Celastraceae. BUFLAMMAR. The wood is used tor charcoal and fence posts. Serjania polyphylla (1..) Radlkofer. Sapindaceue. Buack Wiss. The wood is split into long thin pieces and used for the framing in fish pots. Melicocca bijuga Linnaeus. Sapindaceae. GuINIP, CANIP, KNIP. The wood is split into long thin pieces for the frames of fish pots. Krugiodendron ferreum (Jah!) Urban. Rham- nacene. EBONY. This is one of the heaviest woods. It is used for tence posts. Guazuma ulmifolia Lamarck. Sterculiaceae. J ACKOCALALOO. The tough, strong wood of this tree is used for masts and booms on sloops and the handles of oars. Oar blades are made of lighter wood and are spliced onto the han- dles. [ 45 | Rhizophora Mangle Linnaeus. Rhizophoracexe. MANGROVE. The wood is used tor charcoal and for ight construc- tion. Psidium amplexicaule Persoon. Myrtaceae. SPICE GUAVA. The wood, when cut, gives off the odor of Hubbard Squash. The heavy timber makes good charcoal. Bucida Buceras Linnaeus. Combretacexe. GRI-GRI. ‘The wood from this large forest tree provides excellent timbers for building. It was used for making ox carts some years ago. Terminalia Catappa Linnaeus. Combretaceae. ALMOND. The wood is of good quality for general construction, but the tree is so prized for its beauty that a living tree would never be cut down for timber. Psidium sp. Myrtaceae. Pigeon Berry TREE, Mountain GRaPe. The tree grows to forty feet in height. ‘The wood is used for timbers in building, for charcoal and for fence posts. Tetrazygia angustifolia (Sw.) De Candolle. Mel- ustomacene,. SPRATWOOD. ‘The wood is used tor fence posts. Ardisia guadalupensis Duchassaing ex Grisebach Myrsinaceue. BREAKBILL. The wood is used for charcoal and for fence posts, but the latter only last about two years. [ 46. | Manilkara nitida (Sessé & Moc.) Dubard. Sapota- ceae, Butn.er Woop. This wood ts heavy, but is excellent for furniture, and now that it is scarce, for novelties for the tourist trade. Chrysophyllum sp. Sapotaceae. Mastrwoop. The common name is due to the tall straight trunk. The wood ts used for beams in general construction and the smaller pieces for fence posts and charcoal. Chrysophyllum pauciflorum Lamarck. Sapota-_ ceae, PaLME?. ‘The wood is excellent tor house construction, timbers for boats, fence posts and charcoal. Beurreria succulenta Jacquin. Boraginaceac. CHING. The wood is used for fence posts. Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Chamisso. Borag- inaceae, CopPEer. The hard wood is used in making oar handles, cart- wheels, vehicles, furniture and in general construction. It was used for yokes for oxen in the old days. Cordia glabra Linnaeus. Boraginaceae. MANJACK. This light wood makes fair charcoal. Cordia nitida Vah/. Boraginacene. Bastard Manvack, Basrarp Copper. These two common names distinguish this tree from L4q | C. glabra and C. alliodora, which are called Manjack and Copper respectively. The wood is used tor studding in building construc- tion and for oar handles. Citharexylum fruticosum Linnaeus. Verbenaceae. FIDDLEWOOD. The wood is pink when cut, but fades out in a few days. Adventitious buds develop profusely, filling the lower part of the tree with sucker growth. ‘The wood makes good fence posts. Tabebuia pallida Miers. Bignoniaceae. CEDAR. This wood is much prized for general construction, Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton. Bignoni- aceae, CEDAR. ‘This tree provides excellent timber for house construc- tion and boat building. The yoke piece of the rudder on sailing boats is usually made from cedar. Erithalis fruticosa Linnaeus. Rubiaceae. Bay Toren. The wood is used for fence posts. Exostemma caribaeum (Jacy.) Roemer & Schultes Rubiaceae. Buack 'Torcu. The wood is used for building wharves because marine worms will not attack it. It is the very best of the many woods used for fence posts. Genipa americana Linnacus. Rubiaceae. Rat Apple. [ 48 | This tree is not common on St. John. The wood is hard and heavy and is suitable for general construction. Guettarda scabra (l..) Lamarch. Rubiacexe. GREENHEART. This is not the Greenheart of British Guiana. The wood is used for fence posts, but it does not last well. FIBRE PLANTS Coccothrinax argentea (Lodd.) Sargent. Palmue. Type Pain. This common dwarf palm is a very important plant to the natives. Both the blades and petioles of the leaves are utilized in making baskets, hats, ropes, mats and fish pots. Trichostigma octandrum (L.) Hl. Walter. Phy- tolaccaceae. Buack Hoopwoop. The wood is peeled and used in basketry, especially for the frames. Centrosema virginianum (L.) Bentham. Legum- inosae, Bree Wiss. This very common vine is one of the most useful fibre yielding plants. The small stems are used for basketry, weaving, string and rope. This plant is also referred to under edible plants. Serjania polyphylla (L.) Radlhofer. Sapindaceae. Biack Wiss. The small stems are used for making thongs, ropes and mats. This is the fibre which is always utilized in braid- ing the “‘rope™” which connects the fish pot to the fish pot buoy. | 49 | Daphnopsis caribaea Grisebach. 'Thyimelaeacere. Mano. The inner bark is naturally woven in such a manner that pieces several yards long can easily be stripped off. Th , 2 A; ry. - 4 > ese are very strong. They are braided into rope. ORNAMENTAL PLANTS Crotalaria retusa (L.) Swartz. Leguminosae. EARRING PLANT’. The hard ripe black pods are used by the children to make earrings. There is enough spring in the stem end of the pod to hold them on. Crotalaria verrucosa Linneaus. Leguminosae. EARRING PLANT. Pods used as above. Phaseolus lathyroides Linnaeus. Leguminosae. The large purple flowers are used for decorative pur- ae eteeas poses. This plant has garden possibilities. Gliricidia sepium (Jacg.) Steudel. Leguminosae. MabRE DE Cacao. Of considerable decorative value, this species is much more important as a food plant for cattle. (See food plants). Spondias Mombin Linnacus. Anacardiacere. Pun. A fine shade tree. (See also food and wood plants). Terminalia Catappa Linnaeus. Combretaceae. ALMOND. One of the finest shade trees of the warmer regions. The leaves turn a beautiful orange at the close of the wet season. (See also under food and wood plants). [ 50 | Jacquinia Barbasco ( Loefl.) Mez. Theophrastaceae No local name. This tree is particularly notable for the fragrance of its Howers. Plumeria alba Linnacus. Apocynacexe. FRANGIPANI. The fragrant white flowers are used tor decoration. Exogonium repandum (Jucy.) Choisy. Convolvu- laceae. This common vine with its striking clusters of red flowers is particularly notable along the trails in Jan- uary. It is sometimes transplanted from the wild to the houses as a porch runner. Ipomoea carnea Jacquin. Convolvulaceae. This large red-flowered morning glory is a common beach runner. Ipomoea tricolor Cavanilles. Convolvulaceae. MOorNING Giory. Several acres of this ‘‘heavenly blue’’ in full bloom running over the fields, trails and shrubs at Christmas time furnished a natural profusion of color not easily described. Jacquemontia pentantha (Jucqg.) Don. Convol- vulaceae. Witp Daisy. This is one of the bright spots of the island flora. The small vine is very common in fields and hedgerows. It bears a profusion of bell-shaped blue flowers, about one inch across, and blooms continuously. Merremia dissecta (Jacqg.) Hallicr filius. Convol- vulacene. Nio. [ 51 | A beach runner. Flowers white with purple stripes. Merremia umbellata (L.) Haller filius. Convol- vulaceae. No local name. A beach runner. Lantana involucrata Linnaeus. Verbenacexe. Growing on rocks at the sea side. Lilac flowers and dark purple fruit. An excellent decorative shrub. Leonurus sibiricus Linnaeus. Labiatae. The axillary whorls of pink-purple flowers makes this a good garden plant. Spathodea campanulata Beauvois. Bignoniaceae. ArFrIcAN Tuip TREE. This very showy tree with large scarlet flowers is com- monly planted for decoration. Randia aculeata Linnaeus. Rubiaceae. CurisrM as TREE. This small tree, with open branching, bears many small, tough, dark blue-green waxy leaves. The flowers are small, white and very fragrant. This is the local Christmas tree. Decorated with colored shells and sea urchins it is quite festive. Verbesina alata Linnaeus. Compositae. The deep orange flowering heads suggest excellent garden possibilities. NOXIOUS PLANTS AND WEEDS Argemone mexicana Linnacus. Papaveraceae. THISTLE. 'This is one of the prickly-poppies, not a thistle. It [ 52 | thrives in the open fields, quickly spoiling good pasture land if not eliminated. Leucaena glauca (L.) Bentham. Leguminosae. Winp PAMARIND. This weedy shrub rapidly takes possession of any ter- ritory available. [It has overgrown some of the trails ren- dering them impenctrable. (See also under edible and wood producing plants). Acacia riparia Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth. Leguminosae, CATCH AND KEEP. A very common and rapidly spreading vine. The stems are covered with small retrorse barbs, like tiny cat’s claws, which cause severe skin lacerations. Public enemy num- ber one of St. John. Cuscuta americana Linnaeus. Convolvulaceae. YELLOW Love. This dodder infests many species of the island flora. At times the individual plants cover the vegetation on sev- eral hundred square feet of ground. It is also a medicinal plant, MISCELLANEOUS USEFUL PLANTS Bambusa sp. Gramineae. BAMBOO. The small stems serve as fish poles. Large stems, five inches in diameter, are cut into sections for floats, for fish pots and for seines. The mature dried stems are used in general construction, as poles for small craft, and in many incidental ways. Caesalpinia divergens Urban. Leguminosae. Nicon, NikKER Nu‘. ~t Pai we This large climbing shrub sometimes covers the Sea Grape and other trees at the back of the beaches. The large pods contain almost spherical, hard coated, grey seeds about the size of Concord grapes. The children use these as marbles and for other games. Crescentia Cujete Linnaeus. Bignoniaceae. GourbD TREE. This is the well known calabash. The hard shell of the fruit, which may attain a diameter of twelve inches, is used for dippers, dishes, vessels, cups, trays, toys, novel- ties for tourists and for ash trays. This plant is also re- ferred to under medicinal plants. AN ORCHID NOVELTY FROM FIJI BY CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH DurING ‘THE CouRSE of identifying an interesting collection of orchids recently gathered in’ Fiji by Mr. William Greenwood of Lautoka, Viti Levu and sent to Dr. A.C. Smith of the Arnold Arboretum, | detected the following novelty. In a genus which is characterized by a close similarity of the flower-parts, the principal means of specific sepa- ration appears to rest on vegetative characters. Pseuderia Smithiana (. Schweinfurth var. ampli- folia C. Schweinfurth var. nov. Herba fohis ovato-lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis cum basi lata valde obliqua a specie praecipue differt. Plant differing from the type chiefly in the form and proportions of the leaves. Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate, very oblique at the broad sessile base, up to 18.2 em. long and 4.8 cm. wide near the base. Bracts as in the type. Sepals and petals yellowish green with streaks and spots of reddish brown. The ovate-lanceolate leaves with their very asyminetric broad basal portion give to this plant an appearance very dissimilar to that of the typical form which has narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate leaves with a narrowly cuneate base and a maximum width of 2.4 cm. The flow- ers of the species are said to be yellow or cream-color with red or purple spots. Figi: Viti Levu, Lautoka, Mt. Evans, at about 1100 meters alti- tude, climbing up trunks of trees to 15 feet with horizontal or slightly dependent shoots 1—1.5 feet long, October 25, 1942, William Green- wood 661 D (Type in Herb, Ames No. 61891); Vanua Levu, ‘Thak- (55 | aundrove, Maravu, near Salt Lake, at 0-450 meters altitude, scrambling over branches and trunks of trees in open forest, January 17-23, 1941, O. Degener & E. Ordonez 14171; Vanua Levu, Thakaundrove, Savu Savu Bay region, Uluinabathi Mt., at 0-400 meters altitude, sprawling branching herb, on shrubby ledges, December 26, 1940—January 10, 1941, Degener & Ordonez 13943. (This collection is in an advanced stage lacking good flowers and consequently is placed here with some hesitation), ——— eee, HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBPARNY 4 HARVARD UNIVERSITY AMBRIDGE, Massacnuusetrs, May 27, 1943 Voi. 11, No. 3 STUDIES IN HABENARIA AND DICHAEA BY Oakes AMES AND Donovan S. CorreELL I. THe PropuemM or HaBENARIA FLAVA HaBeNaria, the largest genus of native orchids in the United States and Canada, presents some complex and extremely difficult taxonomic and nomenclatorial prob- lems. This is especially true of the sections Limnorchis and Piperia in the western United States and Canada. The most confusing problem in the eastern United States and Canada involves the much misunderstood H. flava (L.) R. Br. This is due not only to the variability of the species itself, and to the inclination of some authors to segregate entities based on minor variations, but also to the fact that some forms of HZ. flava are superficially sim- ilar tosome forms of HZ.viridis (L.) R.Br. var. bracteata (Muhl.) Gray. This superficial resemblance is especially true of herbarium specimens. Although Ames, in 1910, recognized the existence of two forms of H. flava, he included them under one con- cept. He wrote (Orchidaceae, fase. 4, p. 44): ‘‘ddaben- aria flava is represented by two forms, one of which is common in the northern United States. That these forms are specifically or even varietally distinct from one another is very doubtful. The specimens in the Linnaean and Gronovian herbaria [Orchis flava] are comparable to the specimens with elongated racemes frequently found in [ 57 | the South and Southwest. The specimen in Lindley’s herbarium at Kew which represents Platanthera herbiola Lindl. is comparable to the form with congested racemes not uncommon in the New England states...” It now seems best to recognize two variants in this spe- cies, based not only on distribution and the difference in habit but also on floral differences. The typical form, 77. flava, is primarily southern in distribution. The more northern variant, based on Platanthera herbiola, has in the past been recognized by some authors as Habenaria flava var. virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Fernald. However, as pointed out below, Orchis virescens Muhl. ex Willd., upon which the above combination is based, is doubtless referable to Hi. viridis var. bracteata. Habenaria flava (L.) R. Brown in Sprengel Syst. Veg. 8 (1826) 691. Orchis flava Linnaeus Sp. Pl. (1753) 942. Orchis bidentata Elliott Sketch Bot. S.C. and Ga, 2 (1824) 488. Orchis scutellata Nuttall in Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. n.s. 5 (1834) 161. Platanthera fava Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch, Pl. (1835) 293. Platanthera fuscescens Krinzlin Orch, Gen. & Sp. 1 (1899) 637, 948, in part as to Am. syn. Perularia bidentata Small F]. Southeastern U.S. ed. 2 (1913) 814. Perularia scutellata Small Fl. Southeastern U.S. ed. 2 (1913) 314. Perularia flava Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 16 (1919) 286, as to name only. The type of Orchis flava, from Virginia, in the Lin- naean Herbarium (examined by Ames) is a plant, the lower part of which is missing, with a solitary leaf and a [ 58 | subscapose raceme of scattered flowers. The lowermost bracts of the raceme slightly exceed the flowers, but the uppermost bracts are about equal to or shorter than the flowers. An examination of a specimen in the Ames Her- barium from Early Co., Georgia (R. MW. Harper 1909), which was compared by Ames with the type of Orchis Hava and with the specimen in the Gronovian Herbari- um, reveals that it is also the characteristic plant found in the southern and southwestern United States. The lip of the flowers in this collection is scarcely or only shal- lowly toothed at the base. A specimen of this collection inthe New York Botanical Garden Herbarium is deter- mined as Perularia seutellata (Nutt.) Small. In 1824, Elliott described Orchis bidentata trom the . middle districts of Georgia and Carolina.’’ His de- scription of this segregate agrees closely with typical HZ. Hava, and an examination of the scapose inflorescence of Klhott’s putative type in the Charleston Museum shows that it is similar to the Linnaean plant. In 1834, Nuttall described Orehis scutellata trom Ar- kansas. His description of the plant is, in part, as follows: os¢ ee ... stem angular, about a foot high, bearing two dis- tant, unequal, lanceolate, acute leaves, and two or three bracts below the commencement of the spike: floral bracts acute and sheathing, each about the length of the germ [ovary]: flowers remote, forming a scattered spike three to four inches long: ... [petals] a little crenulated along the margin in common with the lip,...the lip somewhat longer than the lateral segments, partly ob- long-oval, emarginate at the extremity, and at its com- mencement producing a denture on either side, and one protuberant or central elevation.” Small, in 1913 (FI. Southeastern U.S. ed. 2, p. 314), maintained Perularia bidentata (Orchis bidentata) and P. scutellata (Orchis scutellata) as distinet from P. flava. He [ 59 ] separated these two concepts from P. flava on the basis that the lip was about as wide as long, instead of being longer than wide, and the floral bracts were mostly shorter than the flowers. These two characters attributed to P. bidentata and P. scutellata are referable to typical HZ. flava. Inseparating P. seutellata from P. bidentata, Small intimates in his key and description that P. scutellata lacks basal lateral teeth. He says of P. scutellata: ‘*... bracts shorter than the flowers: ... lip suborbicular or broadly oval in outline, ... *” Nuttall clearly stated that the lip of his plant produced a ‘‘denture’’ on each side at the base. The flowers in a collection from McCreary Co., Ken- tucky (7.7. McFarland & H.J. Rogers 99) were found to have a lip which is essentially entire. Another collec- tion from Shannon Co., Missouri (77. J. Palmer 34828) was found to have flowers with rather large rhombic- ovate petals and a prominent lobule, instead of a tooth, on each side of the lip; the lobules being somewhat cre- nate and the tubercle on the face of the lip extremely elongated and conspicuous. These two specimens repre- sent extreme conditions of HZ. flava. Habenaria flava may be briefly described as follows: Plant 1.5—-6 dm. tall; stem slender, with two or occa- sionally three leaves below, long-bracted above, provided onthe lower part with one or more tubular sheaths ; leaves usually two, distant, oblong-elliptic to narrowly lanceo- late, subobtuse to acuminate and attenuate, sheathing the stem, 7-20 cm. long, 1.2-5 em. wide; raceme sub- scapose, usually short-bracted, laxly flowered, cylindrical, 6-20 cm. long, 1.2-2 cm. in diameter; floral bracts nar- rowly lanceolate, acuminate, usually equalling or shorter than the flowers; sepals ovate-oblong to rhombic-ovate or suborbicular, subobtuse to rounded at the more or less crenulate apex, 2-5.5 mm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide; [ 60 | petals obliquely oblong to orbicular, rounded to obtuse at the more or less crenulate apex, 2-5 mm. long, 1.5—4 mm. wide; lip ovate to suborbicular or suborbicular- quadrate, rarely oblong, with or sometimes without a tooth on each side at the base, occasionally with the lat- eral teeth prominent, more or less crenulate on the mar- gins, provided with a tubercle on the median face below the middle, 2.2-6 mm. long, 2-5 mm. wide across the basal teeth or lobules, usually almost as wide as long: spur cylindrical and slender or slender-clavellate, 4—9 mm. long; capsule obliquely ellipsoid, about 8 mm. long. Habenaria flava is commonly found in open woods in floodplain areas of streams and in wet soil of thickets, meadows and swales. [tis also found in sphagnum bogs, swamps and in gravelly soil on the margin of lakes and streams. This species is primarily a plant of the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Gulf Coast. [It is now known to occur from central Florida along the coast to Maryland, with a dis- junct area in Nova Scotia, along the Gulf Coast and Pied- mont Plateau to Texas, on the Cumberland Plateau in ‘Tennessee and Kentucky, and in the Mississippi drainage basin in Arkansas, ‘Tennessee, Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. Habenaria flava (L.) PR. Brown var. herbiola (R. Br.) Ames & Correll comb. nov. Habenaria herbiola R. Brown in Aiton Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5 (1813) 193. Orchis fuscescens Willdenow sensu Pursh Fl. Am. Septentr. 2 (1814) 587, not Linnaeus, not Gmelin. Orchis herbiola Pursh Fl. Am. Septentr. 2 (1814) 743. Habenaria fuscescens Vorrey Comp. Fl. Northern and Middle States (1826) 318. Orchis glareosa Rafinesque in Atlant. Journ. 1 (1832) 1a. Orchis fuscata Rafinesque in Atlant. Journ. 1 (1882) 150. Platanthera herbiola Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch. PI. (1835) 287. Tulotis fuscescens Rafinesque FI. 'Tellur. 2 (1886) 37. Tulotis herbiola Rafinesque FI. Tellur. 2 (1886) 37. Perularia virescens A. Gray in Bot. Gaz. 5 (1880) 638, as to plant, not as to name. Platanthera fuscescens Kriinzlin Orch. Gen. & Sp. 1 (1899) 687, 948, in part as to Am. syn. Perularia flava Farwellin Eleventh Ann. Rept. Com- missioners Parks and Boulevards Detroit (1900) 54— Rydberg in Britton Man. Fl. Northern States and Canada (1901) 292—Small Fl. Southeastern U.S. ed. 2 (1913) 314. Habenaria flava var. virescens Fernald in Rhodora 2: (1921) 148, in footnote, as to plant, not as to name. In 1818, Robert Brown described Habenaria herbiola trom ‘*... North America.’’ His description of the plant is as follows: ‘‘H. cornu filiforme germine breviore, la- bello oblongo obtuso basi utrinque dentato; palato uni- dentato, bracteis flore longioribus. ** Later, in 1835, Lindley, in making the combination Platanthera herbiola, wrote: ‘‘O. scutellata of Nuttall seems to differ in nothing except its lip being emargi- nate.”’ An examination of aspecimen in the Ames Her- barium from Plymouth Co., Massachusetts (C. Blomberg) which was compared by Ames with Platanthera herbiola at Kew and with specimens in the Nuttall Herbarium labelled Orchis herbiola, reveals that it is the northern form with short-pedunculate stem and congested raceme with elongated floral bracts exceeding the flowers. Small, in 1913, treated this northern form of the spe- cies as Perularia fava. He wrote: ‘‘... bracts mostly longer than the flowers:... lip hastate, the middle lobe [ 62 | oblong to lanceolate, ... In swamps and marshes, On- tario to Minnesota and Louisiana. ** Later, in 1933 (Man. Southeastern F'l., p. 871), despite the fact that Orchis flava was originally described from Virginia, Small gave its distribution as ‘*. .. various provinces rarely E of Blue Ridge, La. to Minn., Ont., and N. S.’’ It is of interest to note that a specimen in the Ames Herbarium from Franklin Co., Vermont (22. Brainerd) has flowers whose lip is narrowly linear-oblong and entire or with only an incipient tooth on one or both sides at the base. Variety herbiola is distinguished from the typical form of the species in that the plant is more robust and the usually broader leaves, which may be as many as five, extend further up the stem. The raceme is also more compact with the longer floral bracts often much exceed- ing the flowers. The characteristically oblong-quadrate, instead of ovate to suborbicular, lip of var. herbiola which is longer than wide is a distinctive feature by which to separate these two entities. Variety herbiola is found in the same type of habitat as the typical form. However, it is sometimes found in dry sterile soil and dry sedge marshes. It is now known to occur from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebee and Ontario through New England, New York and Pennsyl- vania to Maryland, south along the Allegheny Mountains through West Virginia and Virginia to North Carolina and ‘Tennessee, westward through Ohio, Indiana, Llinois and Wisconsin to Minnesota and Missouri. Habenaria viridis (L.) R. Brown var. bracteata (Muhl.) 4.Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. ed. 5 (1867) 200. Orchis bracteata Muhlenburg in Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4 (1805) 84. [ 63 ] Orchis virescens Muhlenburg in Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4 (1805) 37. Orchis bractealis Salisbury Parad. Lond. (1805) t. 110. ‘atyrium bracteatum Persoon Syn. Pl. 2 (1807) 507, non Lindl. Satyrium virescens Persoon Syn. Pl. 2 (1807) 507. Satyrium bracteale Salisbury in Trans. Hort. Soc. 1 (1812) 290. Habenaria bracteata R. Brown in Aiton Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5 (1813) 192. Orchis viridis Willdenow sensu Pursh Fl. Am. Sep- tentr. 2 (1814) 587, excl. syn. in part. Orchis flava var. virescens Green in ‘Trans. Soc. Prom. Useful Arts 8 (1814) 120 (Cat. Pl. Indig. N.Y. (1814) 60). Habenaria virescens Sprengel Syst. Veg. 8 (1826) 688. Gymnadenia viridis Sprengel Syst. Veg. 8 (1826) 693, in part. Habenaria viridis R. Br. sensu Chamisso in Linnaea 3 (1828) 31, as to distribution, not as to name. Gymnadenia bracteata Pres| Rel. Haenk. (1830) 92. Orchis viridis B Vaillanti Tenore Syll. Add. (1831) 629. Peristylus bracteatus Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl. (1835) 298. Peristylus virescens Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch, PI. (1835) 298. Platanthera bracteata Torrey Fl. N.Y. 2 (1848) 279. Platanthera viridis var. bracteata Reichenbach filius Orch. Europ. (1851) 130, t. 83 (435). Coeloglossum Vaillantii Gussoni in Reichenbach filius Orch. Europ. (1851) 130. Coeloglossum bracteatum Parlatore Fl. Ital. 3 (1860) 409, in text. Peristylus bracteatus f. major Franchet & Savatier Enum. Pl. Jap. 2 (1877) 81 (1879) 513. [ G4 | Perularia virescens A. Gray in Bot. Gaz. 5 (1880) 63, as to name, not as to plant. Cocloglossum viride b) bracteatum Richter Pl. Europ. 1 (1890) 278. Peristylus viridis var. bracteata Reichenbach filius ex Kurtz in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 19 (1894) 408. Platanthera Choristana Krinzlin Orch. Gen. & Sp. 1 (1899) 1, as to characters of the labellum and fig. in Reichenbach filius Orch. Europ. Platanthera viridis Lindley sensu Finet in Bull. Soe. Bot. Fr. 47 (1900) 284, in part. Flabenaria flava var. virescens Fernald in Rhodora 23 (1921) 148, in footnote, as to name, not as to plant. In 1805, Muhlenburg described Orchis virescens trom Pennsylvania. He wrote: ‘‘O. labello lanceolato crenato, petalis conniventibus, cornu [spur] obtuso scrotiformi, bracteis flore longioribus.... Flores virescentes .... La- bellum /anceolatum crenatum. Cornu obtusum serotiforme brevissimum.”* Later, in 1826, Sprengel, in making the combination Habenaria virescens, suid that the spur was obtuse and didymous. Still later, in 1835, in making the combina- tion Peristylus virescens, Lindley wrote: ‘‘ Unknown to North American botanists. Is it some state of Peristylus viridis, or bracteata?” It is strange that Lindley’s question did not provoke later botanists to investigate more thoroughly the plant or description of the concept in question. It is clear to us that the plant originally described as Orchis virescens is referable to H. viridis var. bracteata instead of Hl flava to which species it has formerly been referred. The com- bination of characters attributed to O. virescens —lanceo- late (often used for oblanceolate during Muhlenburg’s time) lip which may be interpreted as being ‘‘crenato™’ at the apex; connivent petals and sepals; short, obtuse, [ 65 scrotiform spur; and long bracts exceeding the flowers —could be referable only to H. viridis var. bracteata. Muhlenburg does not mention the lip as having a tubercle on its face, a character of H. flava. The spur of H. flava and its var. herbiola is never scrotiform, but is cylindrical and slender-elongated or somewhat clavellate. Specimens in the Muhlenburg Herbarium in the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia afford little sat- isfaction toward solving this problem. According to Dr. FE. W. Pennell, the folder marked Orchis virescens is in the handwriting of Dr. R. EK. Griffith, Curator of the collections of the American Philosophical Society about 1880. Included in this folder are specimens of Haben- aria integra (Nutt.) Spreng. and HZ. flava var. herbiola. These are doubtless the plants which were merely inter- preted by Griffith to be Orchis virescens and, consequent- ly, should not be considered as authentic. IL. DicHAEA ECHINOCARPA AND ITS ALLIES The genus Dichaea is a very natural assemblage of spe- cies. However, because of the close affinity of the species, several of them are extremely difficult to define. In such a genus where various species are almost identical vege- tutively, it is essential to make a floral dissection before an accurate determination is possible. It is also to be expected that natural hybrids will occur because often several species may grow matted and entwined on the same tree or rock, thus affording easy cross-pollination. This creation of a hybrid population adds to the perplex- ity of identifying some of the species or so-called species. Another disturbing fact is that numerous sterile speci- mens have been collected which are, for the most part, indeterminable and thus the material with which to work is limited. The species of Dichaea treated here belong to the sec- [ 66 | tion Eudichaea, characterized by having persistent leaves which are continuous with the leaf-sheaths. Dichaea echinocarpa (Sw.) Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl. (1833) 208, exclude synonymy in part. Kpidendrum echinocarpon Swartz Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. (1788) 124, exclude synonymy. Cymbidium echinocarpon Swartz in Nov. Act. Ups. 6 (1799) 71, exclude synonymy in part. Pachyphyllum echinocarpon Sprengel Syst. Veg. 8 (1826) 731. We consider the interpretation of this species by Faw- cett and Rendle (Flora of Jamaica 1 (1910) 136, t. 30, figs. 26-80) to be correct. The lip (fig. 1) is essentially entire with only a slight dilation on each side above the middle or near the apex. The leaves (fig. 3) of D.echino- carpa are as a rule sufficiently different from those of D. muricata (fig. 4) to facilitate the separation of these often confused species. ‘The thin-herbaceous, elliptic-lanceolate leaves of D. echinocarpa taper to a long-apiculate to acu- minate apex, whereas the leaves of D.muricata are thick- subcoriaceous, ovate-elliptic to oblong-elliptic and round- ed and apiculate at the apex. Since it was originally described, this species has been confused with the invalid Limodorum pendulum Aubl. This confusion resulted from the citation by Swartz of Limodorum pendulum as a synonym of his Mpidendrum echinocarpon. Lindley perpetuated this error by citing Limodorum pendulum as a synonym when he made the combination, Dichaea echinocarpa. The invalidity of Limodorum pendulum is discussed later. This species is rare in Costa Rica; it is widespread but not common throughout the West Indies. It is found on trees and shaded rocks in forest, and grows up to 2400 meters altitude in Costa Rica. ee EXPLANATION OF THE ILLUSTRATION Pirate TV. 1, DicHara ECHINOCARPA (Sw.) Lindl., lip, front view, five times natural size. 2, D.ecu1Nno- CARPA var. LoBATA Ames & Correll, lip, front view, five times natural size. 3, D. ecurnocarpa, section of stem showing leaves, natural size. 4, D.MuRICcATA (Sw. ) Lindl., section of stem showing leaves, natu- ral size. Drawn by G.W. Ditton [ 68 ] PLATE LV Costa Rica: La Palma, 4.M. Brenes 483 (Herb. Ames); [San Ma- teo], 4.M. Brenes 482 (Herb. Ames). Jamaica: Blue Mt., Marce’s Gap, M. 4. Chrysler (Herb. Ames); Marce’s Gap, G. E. Nichols 45 (Herb. Gray); Portland Gap and vi- cinity, W.R. Maxon 9798 (Herb. Ames); Marce’s Gap to Vinegar Hill, vicinity of Cinchona, N. L. Britton 213 (Herb. Ames); east of Cuna Cuna Gap, St. Thomas, W. R. Maxon 9433 (Herb. Ames). Purrtro Rico: Vicinity of Ala de la Piedra above Villalba, N. L. Britton & F. 8, Earle 6103 (Herb. Ames). Harri: Massif de la Telle, Morne Brouet, on the slope towards Riviere Corail, E. L. Ekman 1348 (Herb. Ames). Sanro Dominco: Barahona, Pater Fuertes 680 (Herb. Ames). Cusa: ‘‘Cuba Orientali,’’ C. Wright 646, 1702 (Herb. Gray) (both specimens labelled Dichaea muricata Lindl., cited as D. pendula by Cogniaux in Urban Symb. Antill. 6 (1910) 670 and by Kriénzlin in Engler Pflanzenreich [V. 50 (Heft 83) (1923) 38. Dichaea echinocarpa (Sw.) Lindley var. lobata Ames & Correll var. nov. Herba species formae typicae est similis praeterquam quod labellum lobos laterales distinctos graciles habet. Variety /obata is vegetatively identical with the typi- ‘al form of the species. However, the lip (fig. 2), instead of being essentially entire as in the typical form (fig. 1), has the lateral dilations produced into distinct, slender, more or less recurved lobes. The lip approaches in form that of D. muricata. However, var. lobata is readily sep- arated from that species by its thin-herbaceous, elliptic- lanceolate leaves which taper to a long-apiculate to acuminate apex. The leaves of var. dobata are up to 2.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide below the middle. Costa Rica: San José, La Palma, altitude about 1600 meters, on mossy tree trunk, P. C. Standley 33120 (Typr in Herb. Ames No. 30208, in part); San José, La Palma, altitude about 1600 meters, on mossy tree trunk, flowers dull yellow, lip pinkish white, P.C. Standley 33150 (Herb. Ames); Cartago, El Mufieco, on the Rid Navarro, alti- tude 1400-1500 meters, on tree, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 51703 (Herb. Ames). Gee) < Dichaea intermedia Ames & Correll hybr. nov. (D.squarrosa Lindley X D.trichocarpa (Sw.) Lindley) Folia linearia vel lineari-lanceolata, obtusa et apiculata usque ad acuminata vel angustata et longe apiculata. Sepala ovato-elliptica vel elliptico-lanceolata, obtusa vel subacuminata. Petala oblongo-elliptica vel elliptico- oblanceolata, acuta vel apiculata. Labellum carnosum, in circuitu late oblongo-quadratum, concavum, lobulo parvo angulari prope apicem utrinque instructum. Col- umna brevis, carnosa, ligula parva erecta subglabra vel ciliata antice ornata. This natural hybrid is vegetatively similar to J. tricho- carpa. However, florally, it is more or less intermediate between the above-mentioned species and D. squarrosa. Its fleshy-thickened leaves, which are 7-17 mm. long and 2-8 mm. wide, are typically linear to linear-lanceolate and acuminate or tapering and long-apiculate as in D. trichocarpa. They are, however, sometimes obtuse and apiculate as in D.sqguarrosa. The lip and column (fig. 2a) are distinctly intermediate between those of the putative parents. The lip, which is 6-7 mm. long and 38-4 mm. wide across the middle, is fleshy and concave, broadly oblong-quadrate in outline (fig. 2b), with a small angu- lar lobule on each side near the apex. The broad, concave basal half of the lip resembles the condition found in D. trichocarpa, whereas the somewhat spreading, not strong- ly conduplicate, apical half resembles the typical lip of D. squarrosa. The column (fig. 2a) is short and fleshy, being 3-4 mm. long, and is provided with a small, erect, nearly glabrous to ciliate ligule on the ventral surface. The sepals, which are 8-10 mm. long and 3.2-5 mm. wide, are ovate-elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate and obtuse to subacuminate. The petals, which are 7-9 mm. long and 2.5-4 mm. wide, are oblong-elliptic to elliptic-oblan- ceolate and acute to apiculate. The flowers are described [72] by collectors as ‘‘white and bluish, very fragrant,’ ‘‘white with purplish infusion,’ and ‘‘lip bluish purple and white.” It is seldom that such a distinctive natural hybrid is found in the Orchidaceae. * Dichaea intermedia has been found only in Mexico and Guatemala where it is epiphy- tic on trees in humid forests up to 1500 meters altitude. Mexico: Vera Cruz, Santa Ana, C. 4. Purpus 4443 (Herb, Gray); Vera Cruz, Orizaba, Bolter 524, 892 (Herb. Gray); Vera Cruz, Tlapa- cayan, M. B. Foster 12, 13 (Herb. Ames); Oaxaca, near Copalita, re- gion Pluma Hidalgo, O. Nagel 5295 (atypical) (Herb. Ames): Chiapas, near settlement ““La Silva,’’ O. Nagel 5615 (Herb. Ames). Guatemata: Alta Verapaz, Cobian, H. von Tuerckheim II 1798 (Tyre in Herb. Gray); Alta Verapaz, Pansamala, H. von Tuerckheim 1247 (Herb. Gray); Alta Verapaz, Cobain, W.C. Muenscher 12531 (Herb. Field Mus.); Alta Verapaz, Samac, H. Johnson 297 (Herb. Ames). Dichaea trichocarpa (Sw.) Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl. (1833) 209. gpidendrum trichocarpon Swartz Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. (1788) 124. Cymbidium trichocarpon Swartz in Nov. Act. Ups. 6 (1799) 71. The reflexed, twisted leaves (fig. 1e) of D.trichocarpa are typically linear-lanceolate and tapering to the long- apiculate to subacuminate apex. The suborbicular floral bracts (fig. 1d) are shortly acuminate and usually strongly recurved at the apex. The concave-cymbiform lip is sub- quadrate in outline (fig. 1b) with the lateral lobes small or obsolescent. The eligulate column (fig. la) is 2.5-8 mm. long, and the linear-oblong to elliptic or elliptic- oblanceolate petals are obtuse and apiculate to acute at the apex. The fragrant flowers are described by collectors as white with the lip barred and suffused with bluish purple. This species is rare in Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica, but is widespread and rather common in the West [ 73 ] EXPLANATION OF THE ILLUSTRATION Pirare V. la-Id. Dicnara TRicnocarpa (Sw.) Lindl. la, lip and column, side view, five times natural size. 1b, lip spread out, front view, five times natural size. lc, section of stem showing leaves, twice natural size. 1d, floral bract and bractlet, five times natural size. 2a-2b, & Dicnara inrerMeDIA Ames & Correll. 2a, lip and column, side view, five times natural size. 2b, lip, spread out, front view, five times natural size. 3a—3d. Dicnuara sguarrosa Lindl, 3a, lip and column, side view, five times natural size. 3b, lip, spread out, front view, five times natural size. 8c, section of stem showing leaves, twice natural size. 3d, floral bract and bractlet, five times natural size. Drawn by G.W. Ditton [ 74 ] V x 4 PLATE Indies. It is found on trees and rocks in humid forests and on brushy banks usually at high elevations, up to 1850 meters altitude. Mexico: Chiapas, Lake of Tziscao and Montebello, east of Comitan, O. Nagel 5536 (Herb. Ames). Guaremata: Alta Verapaz, Cobain, H. von Tuerckheim 2450 (Herb. Ames); Alta Verapaz, near Tactic, above the bridge across Rio Frio, P.C. Standley 90472 (Herb. Ames, Herb. Field Mus. ). Costa Rica: Cartago, Carpintera, C.H. Lankester 471 (Herb. Ames); Cartago, Cerro de la Carpintera, P. C. Standley 34366 (Herb. Ames); Las Coneavas, C. H. Lankester 1006 (Herb. Ames); Tapanti, M. Valerio 2622 (Herb. Ames); Cartago, Carpintera, H. E. Stork 2244, in part (Herb. Ames). Cupa: Oriente, La Guineu, C. Wright 1701 (Herb. Gray); Oriente, Sierra Maéstra, Pico Turquino, FLL. Ekman 5281 (Herb. Gray); Ori- ente, High Maéstra, Bro. Léon 10888 (Herb. Ames); Oriente, Maés- tra ridge, Bro. Léon 10717 (Herb. Ames); Santa Clara, Glen Ames, Mt. Harvard, Buenos Aires, Trinidad Hills, J. G. Fn SO81 (Herb. Gray). JAMAICA! [ Mabeis] River, G.E. Nichols (Herb. Gray); southwestern slopes of Mosman’s Peak, along trail to ‘‘ Main Ridge Gap,” W. R. Maxon 10101 (Herb. Ames); Tweedside, vicinity of Moody’s Gap, N.L. Britton 3405 (Herb. Ames); Abbey Green and vicinity, W. R. Maron 10054 (Herb. Ames). Harri: Vicinity of Furey, &.C. Leonard 4668 (Herb. Ames); Mas- sit de la Telle, Nouvelle Touraine, Chapelle Faure, towards Morne La Visite, FE. L. Ekman 1481 (Herb. Ames). Santo Domingo: Barahona, Polo, WV.L. Abbott 1860 (Herb. Ames, Herb. Gray); Constanza, H. von Tuerckheim 3524 (Herb. Ames); Ba- rahona, P, Fuertes 876, 950B (Herb. Ames); de la Vega, M. Fuertes 1828 (Herb. Ames). Dichaea squarrosa Lindley in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 4 (1840) 384. Dichaea suaveolens WKriinzlin in Engler Pflanzenr. LV. 50 (Heft 83) (1923) 39. This species has in the past been included under D. trichocarpa (Sw.) Lindl., due in part to the existence of a natural hybrid, & D.intermedia Ames & Correll, be- [77 ] tween D.sqguarrosa and D.trichocarpa. As shown by a photograph in the Ames Herbarium of Hartweg’s speci- men in the Lindley Herbarium, D. squarrosa is vege- tatively characterized by its short, linear, obtuse and apiculate, strongly reflexed and usually twisted leaves (fig. 8c). The leaves of D.trichocarpa (fig. 1c) and XD. intermedia are typically tapering to the long-apiculate to subacuminate apex. The suborbicular floral bracts of J. squarrosa (fig. 8d) are only shortly apiculate instead of being shortly acuminate and strongly recurved as in J. trichocarpa and in most specimens of XD. intermedia. Florally, D. squarrosa has a longer column (4 mm. or more long) (fig. 8a) which is provided with a prominent pendent or projecting, hairy, ventrally placed ligule, whereas the column of D. trichocarpa (fig. 1a) and XD. intermedia (fig. 2a) is 4 mm. or less long and is eligulate or has only a small erect glabrous or nearly glabrous lig- ule. The petals of D.squarrosa are cuneate and more or less truncate at the apex and the fleshy lip (fig. 8b) is cuneate-flabellate in outline, whereas the petals of D. trichocarpa and XD. intermedia are obtuse and apiculate to acute, and the lower half of the lip is typically broadly rounded and concave. Dichaea squarrosa, D.trichocarpa and X D.intermedia comprise a closely allied group of plants. These concepts ure easily distinguished from D. muricata and its variety neglecta (Schltr. ) Kriinzl. (with which they are sometimes confused) by their linear to linear-lanceolate, usually strongly reflexed leaves which are not at all decurrent on the leaf-sheaths. Furthermore the leaf-sheaths do not noticeably clasp the stem as in D. muricata and its vari- ety neglecta. Instead, the lamina of the leaf is produced at the apex of the leaf-sheaths. Dichaea squarrosa, on the basis of the specimens we have seen, is confined to Mexico, Guatemala, Salvador [ 78 | and Costa Rica where it is found on trees in humid forests at high elevations, occasionally up to 2600 meters. alti- tude. On the contrary, D. trichocarpa is widespread and rather common in the West Indies, with a few stations in Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica. & Dichaea inter- media occurs only in Mexico and Guatemala, the north- ern limit of the area of distribution for both D.squarrosa and JD. trichocarpa. Lindley (in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, 1 (1858) 333) reported D. squarrosa from Cuba, ‘‘Monte Verde: woods; on trees,”” collected by C. Wright. We have seen no material of this species from the West Indies. It is quite likely that this report was based on an erroneous determination of a specimen of D. trichoearpa. Mexico: Mexico, near Temascaltepec, G. B. Hinton 2703 (Herb. Ames); Mexico, near San Juan Atzingo, O. Nagel & Juan G. 2699 (Herb. Ames); Mexico, Temascaltepec, La Labor, G. B. Hinton 900 (Herb. Ames); Mexico, Temascaltepec, Rincon, G. B. Hinton 15426 (Herb. Ames); Morelos, near Cuernavaca, C. G. Pringle 7628 (Herb. Ames, Herb. Gray); Morelos, mts. N.W. of Cuernavaca, tow. Buena- vista del monte and to Mexicapa, O. Nagel & Juan G. 2701 (Herb. Ames); Morelos, south slope of Voleano Popocatepetl, L.O. Williams 3866 (Herb. Ames): Guerrero, Galeana, Teotepec, G. B. Hinton 14282 (Herb. Ames); Chiapas, Soconusco, Mt. Boguerén, O. Nagel 4326 (Herb. Ames); Chiapas, Mt. Ovando, E. Matuda 1811 (Herb. Ames). GuatemaLa: Guatemala, Aguarce, F.C. Lehmann 1642 (Photograph seen, type of D. suaveolens Kriinzl.) (Herb. Ames): Guatemala, near Finca La Aurora, “*Cienpies,’’ 1. Aguilar 262 (sterile) (Herb. Field Mus.); Guatemala, slopes of Volean de Pacaya, between San Francisco Sales and the base of the active cone, P. C. Standley SOT 46, SOT58 (both sterile) (Herb. Ames, Herb, Field Mus.); Guatemala, Volean de Pacaya, above Las Calderas, P. C. Standley 58500 (sterile) (Herb. Ames, Herb. Field Mus.); Guatemala, Volean de Pacaya, J. R.John- ston & John Porter (comm. M. W. Lewis 200) (Herb. Ames); Jalapa, Potrero Carrillo, 13 miles northeast of Jalapa, J. 4. Steyermark 33112 (Herb. Ames. Herb. Field Mus. ): Quezaltenango, Montafo Chicharro, on lower south-facing slopes of Volean Santa Maria, 2-4 miles south of Santa Maria de Jestis, J. Ad. Steyermark 34261 (Herb. Ames, Herb. Field Mus.); San Marcos, above Finea El Porvenir, between * “Todos Santos Chiquitos’’ and “‘Loma de la Paloma,’’ south-facing slopes of [ 79 ] Volean Tajumulco, J.A.Steyermark 37256 (sterile) (Herb. Ames, Herb. Field Mus.); also Voledin Zunil, 4.F.Skutch 943 (Herb. Ames). Satvapor: San Vicente, Volcan de San Vicente, P.C. Standley 21569 (sterile) (Herb. Ames, Herb. Gray). Costa Rica: Zarcero, A. Smith H. 180 (sterile) (Herb. Ames); de Alajuela, vicinity of Fraijanes, P.C. Standley & Rubén Torres R. 47556, 47608, 47611 (all sterile) (Herb. Ames). LIL. Tue Strarus or DICHAEA PENDULA Dichaea pendula (4 whl.) Cogniaux in Urban Symb. Antill. 4 (1908) 182, nom. conf. Limodorum pendulum Aublet Pl. Guian. France. (1775) 819, t. 822, nom. conf: The sterile plant illustrated by Aublet is doubtless the same as D.muricata. However, the floral analysis is ap- parently a disproportionate drawing of the flower of a Bletia, the lip being only about one-third the size of the other floral segments. So far as we know, such a discrep- ancy in the size of the lip in respect to the other floral segments is not found in either Dichaea or Bletia. All of the floral segments of these genera are usually nearly equal in length. The slender-clavate, arcuate column il- lustrated by Aublet resembles that of a Bletia. If it were possible to place Limodorum pendulum ac- curately it would doubtless be found to be conspecific, as to vegetative characters, with D.muricata (Sw.) Lindl. instead of being closely allied with the West Indian D. echinocarpa, to which it is usually referred. However, the confused plate and accompanying incongruous descrip- tion of Limodorum pendulum necessitate its relegation to the status of nomen confusum. The illustrations of Dichaea pendula by Cogniaux (in Martius FI. Bras. 8, pt. 6 (1906) 486, t. 102, fig. 1) and by Schlechter and Hoehne (in An. das Mem. do Instituto de Butantan, Botan. 1, fase. 2, 47, 'T. 11) are what we consider to be representative specimens of D. muricata. [ 80 | BOTANICAL MUSEUM LEAFLETS HARVARD UNIVERSITY CampripGr, Massacnuserrs, Ocroser 8, 1943 VoL. 11, No. ORCHIDACEAE PERUVIANAE V BY CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH THE FOLLOWING TREATISE, the fifth of the series de- scribing novelties in the orchid flora of Peru, discusses eighteen new species and six new varieties. Epidendrum aquaticoides C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba epiphytica, robusta. Caulis crassus, vaginis tu- bulatis imbricantibus omnino celatus. Folia numerosa, disticha, ovato-lanceolata vel ovato-oblonga, subacuta et mucronata, basi amplectentia, suberecta. Inflorescentia terminalis, paniculata, arcuato-flexuosa, cum ramulis le- viter fractiflexis. Flores parvi, carnosi, aurantiaco-rubri. Sepalum dorsale elliptico-ovatum, subobtusum. Sepala lateralia late et oblique ovata, acuta. Petala linearia, ob- tusa, sepalo dorsali breviora. Labellum columnae valde adnatum; lamina concavo-conduplicata, simplex, perlate ovata, apice obtusa, basi profunde cordata; discus basi ‘allis duobus parvis ornatus. Columna crassa, ad apicem dilatata, utrinque oblique auriculata. Plant epiphytic, robust, up to 60 em. or more high including the inflorescence. Stem stout, with two short ascending branches near the base, entirely concealed by tubular, striate, scabrous, imbricating sheaths which are leaf-bearing except at the base of the stem and branches. Leaves numerous, distichous, ovate-lanceolate or ovate- oblong, subacute and mucronate at the apex, clasping at [ 81 ] base, up to 8.8 cm. long and 2 cm. wide (often much smaller), coriaceous, rigidly suberect, more or less im- bricating in the dried specimen. Inflorescence terminal, arcuate-flexuous, about 16 cm. long, paniculate with as- cending few- to several-flowered branches; rachis more or less fractiflex. Floral bracts spreading, ovate, acumi- nate, concave, slightly shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Flowers small, rather loose, numerous, fleshy, orange- red. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, subobtuse, about 8.2 mim. long and 5 mm. wide, 3-nerved. Lateral sepals ob- liquely and broadly ovate, acute, about 9.5 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, 3-nerved. Petals linear or oblanceolate- linear, obtuse, 1-nerved, about 7.8 mm. long. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex, slightly exceeding the lateral sepals ; lamina concave-conduplicate and surround- ing the apex of the column in natural position, simple, broadly ovate-cordate when expanded, deeply cordate at base, obtuse at apex, about 6.8 mm. long in the center and almost 10 mm. wide if forcibly expanded; dise with a pair of small fleshy complanate calli at base. Column stout, strongly dilated upward in front, terminating on sach side in a very oblique transverse retuse auricle, about 5.2 mm. long at the back. Epidendrum aquaticoides is very suggestive of the Bra- zilian £7. aqguaticum but differs in having a stout subsimple stem, numerous leaves, almost twice larger orange-red (instead of greenish or yellowish) flowers and the disc of the lip bicallose at base. Cuzco: Prov. Urubamba, on trail from Puyupata to Sayacmarca, at 3600 meters altitude, August 5, 1942, C. Vargas 2906 (Tyrer in Herb. Ames No. 618838). Epidendrum aquaticoides (. Schweinfurth var. pusillum C. Schweinfurth var. nov. Herba satis ramosa, cauli graciliore, et foliis parvis [ 82 | minute erosis et racemo paucifloro et sepalis quinquener- vis et labello crassiore a typo differt. Plant apparently separable from the type by its slen- der branched stem (with branches ascending or suberect), by its small leaves (up to 2.8 em. long and 6mm. wide) with finely erose margins, by the small simply racemose few- (up to 6-) flowered inflorescences, by the distinctly d-nerved sepals and by the more fleshy lip. Cuzco: Proy. Urubamba, on trail from Puyupata to Sayacmarea, at 5600 meters altitude, epiphytic, flowers orange-red, August 5, 1942, Vargas 2894 (Tyee in Herb. Ames No. 61885). Epidendrum birostratum C. Schwein/furth sp. nov. Herba epiphytica, basi lateraliter pauciramosa. Caulis vaginis tubulatis arctis supra foliiferis omnino celatus. Folia disticha, adscendentia, oblonga vel lineari-oblonga, subacuta, basi amplectentia. Inflorescentia terminalis, racemosa, pendula, laxius pluriflora. Flores satis parvi, ‘ammosi, segmentis late patentibus. Sepalum dorsale el- liptico-oblongum, acutum. Sepala lateralia ovato-lanceo- lata, longe mucronata, concava. Petala obovato-elliptica vel late spathulato-cuneata, subobtusa. Labellum colum- nae valde adnatum; lamina trilobata, basi cordata; lobi laterales oblique rotundato-dolabriformes ; lobus medius porrectus, subquadratus, apice truncato tridentato. Col- umna brevis, crassa. Plant epiphytic, over 56 cm. high (incomplete in my specimen). Roots fibrous, glabrous, stout, whitish, sim- ple. Stems with a few strict short branches in the lower portion, entirely concealed by close, tubular, imbricating sheaths which become scarious and evanescent in the lower portion and are leat-bearing above. Leaves numer- ous, distichous, ascending, oblong or linear-oblong, sub- acute with a caducous apicule, clasping at base, up to 12 cm. long and 1.8 ¢m. wide, subcoriaceous, with the mar- gins minutely cartilaginous-crenulate. Inflorescence ter- [ 83 | minal, nodding; peduncle about 3.5 em. long, sheathed at base by two small imbricating spathes; raceme about 10 cm. long. Floral bracts triangular-lanceolate or del- toid, acuminate, up to 5.5 mm. long. Flowers fourteen, loose, rather small, with widely spreading segments. Se- pals fleshy. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong, acute with a dor- sal conical mucro, up to 12.5 mm. long and 5.1 mm. wide. Lateral sepals ovate-lanceolate, concave, oblique, acute, with a long fleshy dorsally erose cusp, up to 18 mm. long and about 6 mm. wide. Petals obovate-elliptic or broadly spatulate-cuneate, subobtuse, up to 12 mm. long and 5.8 mm. wide, thinner than the sepals, minutely erose on the irregular margins, 3-nerved with the lateral nerves branch- ing. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex, dis- tinctly shorter than the lateral sepals, about 11 mm. wide across the lateral lobes when expanded; lateral lobes rounded-dolabriform, oblique, cordate at base, with the rounded outer margins minutely erose and the usually entire anterior margin nearly straight; mid-lobe porrect, subequal to the lateral lobes, subquadrate, slightly broad- er toward the apex, abruptly truncate in front, sinuately 3-dentate with narrow triangular teeth of which the mid- dle tooth is slightly longer, fleshy-thickened and_ re- curved; disc mostly occupied in the center by a large subquadrate-ovate depressed fleshy callus. Column very short and stout, adnate to the center of the lateral sepals up to about its middle, terminating in an oblique trans- verse auricle on each side, about 7.7 mm. long in the middle of the back. Epidendrum birostratum recalls HE. Klotzscheanum Reichb.f. vegetatively, but the awned lateral sepals and the sinuately tridentate mid-lobe of the lip appear to be unique. Cuzco: Prov. Urubamba, Puyupata-Tuncapata, at 3200 meters al- titude, epiphyte in wet forest, August 6, 1942, C. Vargas 2927 (Tyrer in Herb. Ames No. 61745). [ 84 | Epidendrum blepharichilum Avénzlin var. ma- jus C. Schweinfurth var. nov. Herba habitu robustiore et foliis duplo latioribus et fHoribus duplo majoribus a specie differt. Stems loosely branching, entirely concealed by long tubular sheaths which are scarious and without leaves in the lower portions but green and leaf-bearing above, up to 6 mm. in diameter across the sheaths. Leaves lan- ceolate-linear, 11-14 cm. long, 12-14 mm. wide, nar- rowed to an acute point. Inflorescence loosely paniculate with three strict branches issuing from elongate-infundib- ulitorm spathes which are produced into linear foliaceous blades. Pedicellate ovary spreading, up to 17 mm. long. Flowers rather fleshy. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-elliptic, sharply acute, 14 mm. long, about 4.8 mm. wide above, 5-nerved. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, 15 mm. long and 4.6 mm. wide, 5-nerved, with a shortly acuminate fleshy apex. Petals oblanceolate-linear, acute, about 13 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, 1l-nerved. Lip ad- nate to the column nearly to the apex ; lamina replicate in natural position, deeply cordate at the base, suborbicular in outline, irregularly fringed throughout, retuse at the apex with a fleshy recurved apicule, about 13> mm. in greatest length and almost equally wide, slightly con- stricted (and thus trilobulate) above ; dise bicallose at base with the longitudinal central portion fleshy-thickened. Column strongly dilated above, very oblique at base, about 10 mim. long. Apurimac: Proy, Abancay, Ampuy, at 3200 meters altitude, ““epi- phytic on an old Podocarpus . . . stems over 1 m: sepals and 2 slender petals reddish olivaceous, greener at the tips; the fringed lip light lavender rose; racemes pendent,’’? February 12, 1939, H. E. Stork, O. B. Horton & C. Vargas 10611 (Tyrer in Herb. Field Mus. No. 1051131).—A collection of a fruiting plant intermediate in size be- tween the species and the variety showing coarse fibrous roots bears the following data: Huadnuco: Cani, seven miles northeast of Mito, at about 2600 meters altitude, April 16-26, 1923, J. Francis Macbride 3461. [ 85 | Epidendrum capitellatum C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba mediocris, a basi radicanti ramosa. Caules pa- tentes, foliosi, vaginis laxis infundibuliformibus maxima pro parte obtecti. Folia numerosa, disticha, late paten- tia, ovato-lanceolata vel oblongo-ovata, acuta, basi am- PN TT <\ E Epidendrum capitellatum, flower from above, lip expanded and petal, three times natural size. plectentia. Inflorescentia terminalis, breviter peduncu- lata; racemus subglobosus, dense multiflorus. Flores car- nosissimi, parvi, rigidi. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-ovatum, acutum, profunde concavum. Sepala lateralia oblique ovata, acuta, carina prominenti plusminusve denticulata extus ornata. Petala lineari-oblanceolata, acuta vel sub- acuta. Labellum columnae valde adnatum; lamina con- cavo-conduplicata, extensa ovato-reniformis, apice trun- cato leviter retusa, super medium saepissime subtrilobata, basi cordata: discus basi bicallosus. Columna parva, crassa. Plant rather small, with a branching rhizome. Roots fibrous, flexuous, glabrous. Stems spreading, leafy, up to 19 cm. tall to the inflorescence, mostly concealed by loose infundibuliform sheaths which are produced into leaf-blades. Leaves numerous, distichous, widely spread- ing, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, up to 5.1 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide (the uppermost and lowermost blades smaller and ovate), acute, deeply clasping, with the mar- gins cartilaginous-irregular to erose-crenulate near the apex, coriaceous. Peduncle short, provided with one or [ 86 | two widely separated conduplicate recurved bracts which are up to 2.1 em. long. Inflorescence terminal, capitate or subglobose, densely many-flowered, about 1.5 em. long and broad. Flowers small, very fleshy, rigid, subglobose, green. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, deeply concave, 7-8 mm. long, 38-8.7 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate, acute, concave, with a prominent more or less den- ticulate keel without, 7-8.5 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide. Petals obliquely linear-oblanceolate, falcate, acute or sub- acute, 1-nerved, 6.1—7 mm. long and 2.2 mm. wide. Lip strongly adnate to the column; lamina concave-condu- plicate in natural position, ovate-reniform in outline when forcibly expanded, deeply cordate at base, subtrilobed toward the apex, more or less retuse and apiculate at the truncate apex, 4.5-6 mm. long from a basal auricle to the upex, 6-7.6 mm. wide when expanded, with the rounded anterior sides lobulate or crenate; disc bicallose at base. Column very short and stout, 3.8-4.9 mm. long, trun- ‘ate at the apex. Kipidendrum capitellatum seems to have no near allies. The specific name is in allusion to the capitate inflores- cence, Hvuanuco: Cani, seven miles northeast of Mito, at about 2600 me- ters altitude, ‘‘in clumps in trees,’’ April 16-26, 1923, J. Francis Macbride 3463 (Tyrer in Herb. Field Mus. No. 534538: L[sorype in Herb. Ames No. 61587). Epidendrum carnosiflorum (. Schweinfiurth sp. nNOv. Herba epiphytica, irregulariter ramosa. Caules vaginis tubulatis omnino obtecti. Folia disticha, oblongo-linearia, minora, apiculata, basi sessili amplectentia, valde coriacea. Racemi ramorum apice terminales, saepissime arcuati vel nutantes, laxe pluriflori, rhachide leviter fractiflexa. Brac- teae prominentes, late patentes, concavo-conduplicatae, late ovatae ut videtur. Flos carnosus. Sepalum dorsale [ 87 | lanceolatum, acuminatum, concavum. Sepala lateralia oblique lanceolata, valde acuminata, concava vel navicu- laria. Petala linearia, a basi reflexa. Labellum columnae valde adnatum:; lamina intra trilobata, basi cordato-trun- cata; lobi laterales parvi, erecti, semiobovati; lobus me- dius multo major, anguste triangularis, multo incrassatus, acuminatus. Columna parva, crassa. Plant epiphytic, branching (incomplete in my speci- men). Roots fibrous, glabrous. Stems irregularly branched, entirely enveloped by tubular-cylindric mi- nutely rugose sheaths which are leaf-bearing except near the base, 5 mm. or less in diameter. Leaves distichous, oblong-linear, acute with an apiculate apex, slightly nar- rowed at the clasping base, up to 5.9 em. long and 8 mm. wide, thickly coriaceous, with the mid-nerve prominently ‘arinate beneath. Inflorescences terminal at the tip of the branches, racemose, suberect to nodding, about 9.5 em. or less long, very loosely several- (up to 10-) flow- ered almost to the base, with the rachis more or less fractiflex. Floral bracts conspicuous, horizontally spread- ing, concave-conduplicate, ovate in outline, apiculate at the rounded to acute apex, up to 7 mm. long. Flowers fleshy (on the summit of rather mature ovaries in my specimen). Dorsal sepal lanceolate, acuminate to an acute apex, concave, about 10 mm. long and 8.5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate to an acute apex, concave below, navicu- lar above, about 11 mm. long and 4.6 mm. wide. Petals linear, obtuse, abruptly reflexed at the base, lightly sig- moid, about 8.7 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, 1-nerved. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina tubular-involute, broadly cordate-truncate at the base, distinctly 3-lobed near the base, about 8.2 mm. long; lnteral lobes erect and embracing the apex of the column, small, semiobovate with a somewhat flattened outer mar- | 88 | gin; mid-lobe much larger, narrowly triangular, acumi- nate to a subacute apex, very fleshy, concave below. Column very short and stout, about 3.8 mm. long at the back, extended on each side into a very oblique tooth. Lipidendrum carnosifiorum has apparently as its nearest aly the Central American 7. anoglossoides A. & S., but differs in having laxer racemes, broader sepals, a sharply 83-lobed lip, etc. Its lip recalls that of 2. erammatoglos- sum Reichb. ft. and #. Pavonianum Reichb. t., but it is vegetatively very different from those species. Junin: Pichis Trail, Enefas, at 1700 meters altitude, epiphyte in open sphagnum swamp, July 1, 1929, E.P. Killip & 4.C.Smith 25705 (Tyre in U.S. Nat. Herb. No. 1359825). Epidendrum elatum (. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba magna, robusta, elata. Caulis crassus, Cum ramis oppositifoliis, vaginis tubulari-cylindraceis omnino obtec- tus. Folia disticha, ovato- vel oblongo- vel elliptico-lanceo- lata, apice obtusa vel rotundata, basi amplectentia. Race- mu terminales, arcuati vel nutantes, usque ad basim dense multiflori, Ovarium pedicellatum elongatum, bracteam lineari-lanceolatam multo superans. Flores mediocres, virides, carnosi. Sepalum dorsale oblanceolato-oblongum, obtusum, apice dorso incrassatum. Sepala lateralia ob- liquissime oblongo-oblanceolata, acuta, apice dorso multo incrassata. Petala oblique spathulato-linearia, obtusa vel truncata. Labellum columnae valde adnatum,; lamina profunde trilobata; lobi laterales parvi, patentes, dolabri- formes vel rotundato-ovati: lobus medius multo major, subquadrato-ovatus, apiculatus; discus basi bicallosus et lineis tribus antice ornatus. Columna generis. Plant robust (ower part lacking in my specimen), 3 m. high according to the collector’s notes. Stem stout, up to lem. in diameter, with a short branch opposite rach leat, entirely concealed by tubular-cylindric minute- [ 89 | ly rugose sheaths which are leaf-bearing except through the lower portion of the branches. Leaves. distichous, ovate-, oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate, up to 16 cm. long and 4 em. wide, obtuse to rounded at the (commonly incomplete) apex, clasping by a sessile base, chartaceous, the leaves on the lower portions of the branches much smaller. Racemes terminal, arcuate or nodding, densely many-flowered almost to the base, with the rachis up to 12 cm. long (incomplete in my specimen). Floral bracts linear-lanceolate, erect-spreading, much shorter than the elongate pedicelled ovary which is gradually dilated above and up to 4.9 cm. long. Flowers fleshy, green. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong, obtuse, 18-19.5 mm. long and 4.6 mm. wide, much thickened dorsally at the apex, 8- or indistinctly 5-nerved. Lateral sepals very obliquely oblong-oblanceolate, 18.8-21 mm. long, 5.7- 6.5 mm. wide above, dorsally bluntly carinate-thickened and mucronate at the acute apex, 4- to 5-nerved. Petals obliquely spatulate-linear, obliquely truncate or obtuse at the apex, 17-19 mm. long, 3.7—4 mm. wide when ex- panded, with the upper margins minutely erose and revo- lute in natural position, 1-nerved throughout. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina sharply 8-lobed, deeply cordate at base, about 7.8 mm. long in the mid- dle and 10 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes small, spreading, dolabriform or obliquely round-ovate with the exterior margin truncate or broadly rounded ; mid-lobe much larger, subquadrate-ovate, bluntly apicu- late, 5.2 mm. long and about equally wide; disc at base bicallose and in front with three fleshy lines of which the middle one is longer and extends to the apex. Column about 15 mm. long, slightly dilated toward the apex. Kpidendrum elatum differs trom I. raphidophorum Lindl. in lacking imbricating spathes subtending the in- tlorescence. [ 90 | Ayvacucuo: Prov. Huanta, Choimacota Valley, at 3000 meters alti- tude, in ‘‘evergreen mountain forest, ”’ February 28—March 10, 1926, A. Weberbauer 7536 (Vyrr in Herb. Field Mus. No. 562446: [sorype in Herb. Ames No. 61558). Epidendrum latisegmentum (C. Schweinfurth sp. NOW. Herba magna, epiphytica, laxa. Caulis elongatus, arcu- atus, ramis cum strictis, vaginis tubulatis evanidis omnino tectus. Folia in caulis parte superiore, elliptico-lanceolata, acuminata, pauca. Inflorescentia brevis, racemosa, pauci- flora. Flores magni, flavo-virides. Sepalum dorsale ovali- obovatum, subacutum. Sepala lateralia oblique obovato- ovalia, acuta. Petala cuneato-spathulata, obtusa vel subacuta. Labellum columnae valde adnatum,; lamina simplex, obovato-reniformis, carnosa, omnino dense cellu- lari-papillosa. Columna abbreviata, crassa, sursum dila- tata. Pollinia quattuor, valde complanata. Plant rather large, lax, epiphytic. Roots fibrous, stout, elongate, rigid. Stem elongate, arcuate, with scattering strict or appressed branches, apparently wholly concealed by close tubular sheaths which are scarious and evanes- cent below and leaf-bearing above. Leaves commonly contined to the upper part of the stems or branches, dis- tichous, very loose below but approximate above, elliptic- lanceolate, spreading, acuminate, cuneate at the clasping base, up to 17 cm. long (apex incomplete in my specimen) and 8 cm. wide, the lower blades much smaller, appar- ently four in number, submembranaceous. Lnflorescence terminal, racemose, apparently 5-flowered (broken in my specimen), subtended by a short acuminate conduplicate spathe which is about 13 mm. long. Flowers large, yel- low-green. Dorsal sepal oval-obovate, about 19 mm. long and 18 mm. wide, subacute, 6-nerved (the lateral nerve branching on one side). Lateral sepals obliquely obovate- oval, acute, about 21 mm. long and 15 mm. wide, 7- to [ 91 ] 8-nerved. Petals cuneate-spatulate, obtuse or subacute, about 19 mm. long and 11 mm. wide, 5-nerved. Lip ad- nate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina simple, obovate-reniform, fleshy, densely cellular-papillose on both surfaces, with the truncate anterior margin lightly retuse (more markedly so in the very center), about 16.5 mm. in greatest length and 25 mm. wide, remotely bical- lose at base. Column abbreviated, very stout, dilated up- ward, semiorbicular-indented in the middle of the apex. Pollinia four,strongly complanate, obliquely semiglobose. Kpidendrum latisegmentum appears to lack South American allies. It recalls the Central American /. Brenesu Schitr., but differs in its longer leaves and larger flowers. In habit it recalls J7. jamaicense Lindl., but has larger flowers, dissimilar petals and a densely papillose lip. Lorero: Pumayacu, between Balsapuerto and Moyobamba, at 600 to 1200 meters altitude, epiphyte in forest, August-September 1938, G. Klug 0.9 (Tyrer in Herb. Ames No. 61550). Epidendrum liguliferum C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba elata. Caulis laxus, plus minusve flexuosus, in parte superiore unico cum ramo, supra foliosus. Folia disticha, lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata vel oblongo- lanceolata, saepissime acuminata, amplectentia. Racemus terminalis, arcuatus, laxe pluriflorus, bracteis anguste lanceolatis conspicuis. Florum segmenta late patentia vel reflexa. Sepalum dorsale obovato-oblongum, acutum. Sepala lateralia oblique oblongo-obovata, acuta. Petala spathulato-linearia, obtusa. Labellum columnae valde adnatum; lamina expansa subquadrato-reniformis, apice truncato trilobulata; lobi laterales semiorbiculares ; lobus medius transversus, oblongus vel reniformis; discus basi ‘allis duobus ligulatis liberis ornatus. Columna generis. Plant tall. Roots fibrous, flexuous, glabrous. Stem lax, more or less flexuous or fractiflex, often with a single [ 92 | elongate branch above, leafy above, entirely or mostly concealed by tubular sheaths which are close scarious and evanescent below and leaf-bearing through the upper portion of the stem. Leaves distichous, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate (rarely oblong-lanceolate), up to 12.5 em. long and 2 cm. wide (the lower blades much small- er), minutely erose at the acute or more often acuminate apex, sessile, amplexicaul, spreading, subcoriaceous. Ra- ceme terminal, arcuate, loosely several-flowered (appar- ently incomplete in my specimen). Peduncle about 4.2 cm. long, mostly concealed by a slender tubular spathe with an oblong-lanceolate acute free portion. Floral bracts conspicuous, narrowly — triangular-lanceolate, spreading. Flowers medium-sized, greenish white, with spreading or reflexed segments. Dorsal sepal obovate- oblong, acute, about 16.7 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, 5-nerved. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-obovate, sharp- ly acute, lightly carinate especially above, about 15 mm. long and 6 mm. wide. Petals spatulate-linear, obtuse, about 16 mm. long and 38 mm. wide, 8-nerved, with the upper margins minutely erose. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex: lamina convex in natural position, subquadrate-reniform when expanded, lightly cordate at base, shallowly but distinctly 3-lobed at the truncate apex, about 8.9 mm. long from the base to the tip of a protuberant side of the mid-lobe and 17.9 mm. wide; lat- eral lobes semiorbicular or rounded-dolabriform, with the outer margins irregular; mid-lobe transversely oblong or renitorm, shallowly retuse, 1.2-2 mm. long and 6.4-8.2 mm. wide; disc at base with a pair of prominent spread- ing free hgulate calli which are about 4 mm. long and with a fleshy-thickened median line. Column conspicu- ous, abruptly dilated above in front, produced on each side into an obliquely subquadrate auricle, about 12 mm. in greatest length. Epidendrum lguliferum is related to the Brazilian £2. Cooperianum Batem., but has dissimilar leaves and form of lip. It differs from the Bolivian 27. Hvelynae Reichb. t. in having spatulate-linear (not linear) petals and in having elongate (not small and rounded) calli at the base of the lip. The flower is apparently similar to that of the Bra- alian A. Burgert Schitr. Huanuco: Cani, seven miles northeast of Mito, at about 2600 me- ters altitude, ‘‘floor of dense stream-wood,’’ April 16-26, 1923, J. Francis Macbride 3543 (Tyrer in Herb. Field Mus. No. 5384618; Iso- ryprk in Herb. Ames No. 61554. Epidendrum Macbridei C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba epiphytica, gracilis. Rhizoma abbreviatum. Caules approximati, plus minusve flexuosi, vaginis tubu- latis vel infundibuliformibus tecti. Folia disticha, ellip- tico-lanceolata, acuminata, basi amplectentia, submem- branacea. Inflorescentia terminalis, virgato-paniculata, laxe pluriflora. Flores parvi, segmentis patentibus. Se- pala carnosa. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-oblanceolatum, subacutum, leviter concavum. Sepala lateralia oblique oblongo-oblanceolata, acuta et mucronata, leviter con- cava. Petala filiformia, sursum paulo dilatata. Labellum columnae valde adnatum; lamina flabellato-subquadrata, basi cordata, antice trilobata; lobi laterales oblique ovato- dolabriformes; lobus medius a basi cuneata transverse oblongus, antice late truncatus, medio apiculatus, haud exsertus. Columna supra dilatata, utrinque in auriculas bidentatas extensa. Plant epiphytic, slender, about 29 cm. or less in height. Roots fibrous, flexuous, glabrous. Rhizome abbreviated, creeping. Stems approximate, spreading, more or less flexuous, entirely invested by infundibuliform or tubular sheaths which are evanescent (and often absent) below and leaf-bearing above, about 20.5 cm. or less long. Leaves distichous, spreading, elliptic-lanceolate (rarely [ 94 | elliptic-linear), acuminate, cuneate at the clasping base, up to 10.3 em. long and 1.75 cm. wide, (the uppermost and lower blades much smaller), ten or less, submembra- naceous. Inflorescence a short virgate few-branched pan- icle which is sheathed at the base and surpassed by the leaves, with branches very loosely 7-flowered or less. Flowers small, with spreading seements, greenish white. Sepals Heshy. Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate, about 8.5 mim. long and 8 mm. wide, subacute, 4- to 5-nerved, lightly concave. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-oblan- ceolate, acute with a dorsal mucro, 5-nerved, about 8 mim. long and 3.1 mm. wide, lightly concave. Petals filiform, slightly broader toward the apex, obtuse or subacute, about 8 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, 1l-nerved. Lip ad- nate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina flabellate- subquadrate in outline, cordate at base, 3-lobed in front, about 8 mm. in greatest length and 5 mm. across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes obliquely ovate-dolabriform, spreading, with the outer margins lightly emarginate be- low the middle; mid-lobe smaller than the lateral lobes and not exceeding them in front, transversely oblong from a cuneate base, broadly truncate at the apex with a small triangular apicule in the middle; disc adorned throughout the center with a large oblong-ovate fleshy callus which is acute, lightly 38-lobulate and bisuleate with furrows converging toward the base. Column dilated above in front, extended on each side into a subquadrate bilobed auricle, about 4 mm. long on the posterior sur- face and 6 mm. long in front to the apex of an auricle. Pollinia four, compressed, the outer pair semilunate in outline, the inner pair obliquely slender-pyriform. KMpidendrum Macbridet seems closely similar to 4. parviforum Ruiz & Pav., but differs in having much larger flowers and a dissimilar lip. Hvuanuco: Pampayaco (Pampayacu), Hacienda at mouth of Rio [ 95 | Chinchao, at about 1070 meters altitude, July 19-25, 1923, J. Francis Macbride 5081 (Tyee in Herb. Field Mus. No. 536128; I[sorypr in Herb. Ames No. 61588). Epidendrum magnicallosum (. Schweinfurth sp. NOV. Herba saepe elata et gracilis. Rhizoma abbreviatum. Caules approximati, a basi gracili sensim leviter dilatati, apice unifoliati. Folium = strictum, lanceolato-lineare, acuminatum, coriaceum, rigidum. Inflorescentia elonga- ta, gracilis, ramis remotis brevibus supra praedita. Flos parvus. Sepalum dorsale ovato-ovale. Sepala lateralia similia, obliqua. Petala cuneato-obovata. Labellum col- umnae valde adnatum; lamina simplex, suborbiculari- obovata, antice late rotundata; discus callo magno quin- quelobato acuto praeditus. Columna perbrevis. Ovarium upice cum vesicula. Plant epiphytic, apparently very variable vegetative- ly. Rhizome creeping, abbreviated. Roots fibrous, flexu- ous, numerous. Stems approximate, up to 16.3 cm. high, monophyllous at the apex, from a slender base gradually slightly dilated above, several-jointed, entirely concealed by several close imbricating tubular sheaths which are evanescent in anthesis, tuberous-thickened at the very base. Leat lanceolate-linear, acuminate, narrowed to a clasping base, about 20.5 em. or less long (incomplete in my specimen), up to 1.2 cm. wide, coriaceous, rigidly suberect. Inflorescence terminal, slender, elongate, en- tirely clothed by close tubular evanescent sheaths, up to 30.4 cm. long (incomplete in my specimen), remotely provided with several short strict few-flowered branches or clusters of branches on the upper portion, as in /. anceps Jacq. Flower small, cream-colored, rather fleshy. Dorsal sepal ovate-oval, abruptly acute, about 7.5 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, 6- to 7-nerved. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely ovate-oval, acute, dorsally carinate [ 96 ] above, about 6.9 mm. long and 4.8 mm. wide, 9-nerved at the base. Petals cuneate-obovate, rounded or subacute at the apex, about 6.9 mm. long and 3.8 mm. wide above, 1-nerved or indistinctly 3-nerved. Lip adnate to the col- umn nearly to its apex; lamina simple, suborbicular-obo- vate, minutely retuse and apiculate at the broadly round- ed apex, about 5.4 mm. in greatest length and 5.9 mim, wide above, the disc being mostly occupied by a large acute subquadrate-ovate 5-lobed concave callus. Column stout, abbreviated, about 2 mm. long. Ovary with a small subglobose vesicle at its summit at the junction with the lateral sepals. Another collection, G. Alug 984, consists of three small plants which are very dissimilar in appearance but the solitary flower examined is nearly identical with that of typical 27. magnicallosum. Its characters are as follows. Plant up to 9.8 em. high. Stem up to 2 em. high, sim- larly dilated upward and invested by close sheaths. Leaf solitary, apical, linear-lanceolate, up to 7.9 em. long and 6 mm. wide, acuminate. Inflorescence abbreviated, few- flowered, incomplete in my specimen. Flower white and lilac. Dorsal sepal ovate-oval, subacute, about 8.5 mim. long and 5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, strongly connate almost to the middle, about 7.5 mm. long and 4.5 mm. wide. Petals cuneate-spatulate, abruptly acute, about 7.5 mm. long and 3.9 mm. wide above. Lamina of lip suborbicular-obovate, about 5.8 mm. long and 5.6 mim. wide, minutely apiculate at the broadly rounded apex, with a similar large 5-lobulate callus. Column about 2 mm. long. Vesicle on ovary more prominent than in the type. There appear to be no close allies to this species. Zpi- dendrum Alou Schitr., while very dissimilar vegetative- ly, has a somewhat similar lip. Lorero: Vicinity of Iquitos, at 100 meters altitude, epiphyte, flow- [ 97 ] ers cream-colored, July 1937, G. Klug 10117 (Tyre in Herb. Ames No. 61552); Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, at 100 meters altitude, in forest, flowers white and lilac, February-March 1930, Klug 984. Epidendrum microtos Reichenbach filius var. grandiflorum C. Schweinfurth var. nov. Herba pseudobulbosa, foliis angustissime linearibus, floribus satis majoribus et petalis minus spathulatis sub- acutis et labelli lobo medio emarginato a specie differt. Plant epiphytic, variable vegetatively. Pseudobulbs ovoid, concealed and surpassed by the fibres of evanes- cent sheaths, up to 5.2 em. high, two- to three-leaved at the summit. Leaves very narrowly linear, up to 50 cm. long and 7.5 mm. wide, acute, rigidly coriaceous, often conduplicate in the dried specimen. Inflorescence either racemose or loosely paniculate, subequaling or shorter than the leaves, with the branches of the peduncle and the pedicellate ovary densely scabrous or verruculose., Flowers medium-sized, with spreading segments, rather fleshy, dark rose or carmine. Dorsal sepal oblong-oblan- ceolate, obtuse or subacute, about 1.7 em. long and 5.5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, obliquely oblanceolate- oblong, subacute, up to 1.9 em. long and 6.5 mm. wide. Petals oblanceolate to subspatulate, subacute, about 1.65 em. long, 5-6 mm. wide. Lip nearly free from the col- umn; lamina cuneate at base, emarginate at the apex, sharply 3-lobed; lateral lobes triangular-oblong, lightly retrorse, rather obtuse, with rounded angle in the middle of the posterior margin; mid-lobe much larger, obovate- subrotund with strongly recurved sides and slightly undu- late margins; disc with a broad flattened basal thickening which extends into three thickened lines, with nerves densely minute-papillose. Column short, stout, lightly recurved on the back, irregularly crenate-dentate at the apex, with a pair of small angulate or auriculate append- ages in front near the apex, about 7.3 mm. long. [ 98 | This concept is based upon two recent collections of complete plants which appear to be referable to A. mi- crotos Reichb. ft. (described only trom an inflorescence lacking any vegetative parts), except for the somewhat larger flowers with less distinctly spatulate more acute petals and an emarginate lip. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, at 1600 meters altitude, September, 1929, Carlos Schunke 1114.—Loreto: Upper Marafion River at mouth ot the Santiago River, at 160 meters altitude, in rain-forest, October 15, 1924, G. Tessmann 4301 (‘Tyer in Herb. Hort. Berol. ), Epidendrum minutidentatum (©. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba mediocris, supra divaricato-ramosa. Caules va- ginis laxis celati. Folia numerosa, oblonga vel elliptico- oblonga vel ovato-oblonga, obtusa et mucronata, late patentia. Inflorescentia abbreviata, subumbellata, uni- vel triflora. Flores parvi, longe pedicellati. Sepalum dor- sale oblongo-ovatum, subacutum. Sepala lateralia oblique oblongo-ovata, acuta et mucronata. Petala elliptico- oblonga vel rhombico-lanceolata, obliqua, obtusa. Label- lum columnae valde adnatum; lamina concava, suborbic- ulari-ovata, leviter retusa, basi proftunde cordata, mar- ginibus conspicue denticulatis. Columna brevis, crassa, more generis. Plant medium-sized, about 24 em. or less tall. Roots fibrous, flexuous, glabrous. Stems slender, divaricately branched above, entirely or mostly concealed by loose tubular-infundibuliform sheaths which are chiefly leaf- bearing but become scarious evanescent and without blades in the lower portion of the stem and branches. Leaves small, numerous, distichous, either oblong or ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, apiculate at the obtuse or rounded apex, clasping at the sessile base, widely spread- ing, up to 8.8 em. long and 1.25 em. wide, minutely denticulate especially near the apex. Inflorescence a ter- [ 99 | minal, subumbellate raceme, 1- to 8-flowered, the abbre- viated peduncle being concealed by one (rarely two) broad spathes which are strongly conduplicate and apicu- late. Pedicellate ovary slender, fusiform above, 2-2.2 em. long. Flowers rather small, reddish brown. Sepals 8- nerved, thickened toward the apex. Dorsal sepal oblong- ovate, subacute, about 10 mm. long, 5-5.8 mm. wide, with the margins (except near the apex and base) den- ticulate-erose. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-ovate, sharply acute and mucronate, about 10 mm. long, 5—-5.8 mm. wide, with the dorsal margin (except near the base and apex) denticulate-erose. Petals obliquely elliptic- oblong or rhombic-lanceolate, about 8.8 mm. long and 3.7 mm. wide, obtuse, 8-nerved, with the upper margins denticulate-erose. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina deeply concave, simple, suborbicular-ovate or quadrate-ovate, lightly retuse at the apex, with the margins (except at the deeply cordate base) conspicu- ously denticulate, about 10 mm. long in greatest length and 10.2 mm. wide when forcibly expanded, with a pair of prominent complanate calli at the base. Column short and stout, dilated upward, produced on each side into a transversely subquadrate auricle, about 5.2 mm. long. Hpidendrum minutidentatum appears to be allied to the Colombian LZ. viridibrunneum Reichb. f., but its habit appears to be suberect and not creeping, the leaves not linear and acuminate and the petals not linear. Cuzco: Prov. Quispicanchi, Marcapata, at 3100 meters altitude, ““bushwood consisting of high shrubs and small trees, with many hard- leafed types,’” February 15-16, 1929, 4. Weberbauer 7804 (Tyre in Herb. Field Mus. No. 605154; Isorypr in Herb. Ames No. 61551). Epidendrum minutiflorum C. Schweinfurth sp. nNOv. Herba pusilla, epiphytica, arcuata. Caulis arcuatus, brevibus cum ramis, vaginis tubulatis evanidis omnino [ 100 | obtectus. Folia pauca, filiformia, subteretia. Inflorescen- tiae terminales, racemosae, laxe pluriflorae. Flores per- parvi, subglobosi, carnosi. Sepalum = dorsale ovatum, mucronatum. Sepala lateralia oblique lateque ovata, valde acuta et mucronata, dorso carinata. Petala linearia, acuta, supra paulo latiora. Labellum colummae valde ad- natum ; lamina parva, ovato-cordata, subacuta, conspicue bicallosa. Columna pro flore magna et crassa, apice utrin- que subquadrato-auriculata. Plant small, slender, epiphytic, arcuate. Roots fibrous, filitorm, Hexuous, elongate. Stems slender, about 25 em. or less long including the raceme, provided with numer- ous short branches, wholly concealed (as are the branches) by close tubular evanescent sheaths which are leaf-bearing on the upper part of the branches, the main stem often with short adventitious roots at the junction of the branches. Leaves one to four to a branch, distichous, sub- terete, filiform, up to 5.8 em. long, abruptly acute or apic- ulate, ascending or spreading. Inflorescence a terminal raceme about 4.5 cm. or less long, with the peduncle more or less concealed by a slender conduplicate scarious spathe. Raceme rather short, loose, up to 11-flowered. Flowers very small, little open, subglobose-ellipsoid, greenish white. Sepals fleshy, concave, 3-nerved. Dorsal sepal ovate, about 8.5 mm. long and 2.2 mm. wide, acute with a dorsal mucro. Lateral sepals slightly larger than the dorsal sepal, obliquely broad-ovate, sharply acute and mucronate, dorsally carinate, shortly connate below, about 8.8 mm. long and 2.2 mm. wide. Petals linear, acute, I-nerved, about 8 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide above the middle, slightly dilated at the base. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex: lamina small, cordate- ovate, fleshy, concave, subacute, about 1.9 mm. long from a basal auricle to the apex and nearly as wide across the base; disc at base with a pair of relatively large fleshy [ 101 ] approximate calli. Column large and stout for the flower, extended into a transversely subquadrate auricle on each side, about 2.7 mm. long from the base to the apex of a lateral auricle. Anther flattened-hemispherical, 4-celled. Kpidendrum minutiflorum has three apparent allies. EB. Schlimii Reichb.f. has shorter leaves, looser fractiflex racemes and a dissimilar lip. 4. Rolfeanum Lehm. & Kriinzl. has larger and less fleshy flowers and a different lip. 2. physophorum Schltr. has a paniculate inflores- cence and a dissimilar lip. Casamarca: Prov. Cutervo, “‘10 km. northwest of Socota, ceja de la montafia,’’ at 3200 meters altitude, epiphytic, December 10, 1938, H. E. Stork & O. B. Horton 10140 (Tyrr in Herb. Field Mus. No. 1051150). Epidendrum nanum C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba nana, saepissime valde divaricato-ramosa, Caul- es graciles, ramosi, patentes, vaginis tubulatis brevibus infra evanidis supra persistentibus et imbricantibus tect. Folia disticha, late patentia, linearia, obtusa, minute apic- ulata. Inflorescentia terminalis, abbreviata, saepissime biflora. Flores parvi. Sepalum dorsale anguste lanceola- tum, acutum vel acuminatum. Sepala lateralia oblique lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, dorso conspicue carinata. Petala oblique linearia, acuta. Labellum columnae valde adnatum; lamina profunde trilobata, basi leviter cordata ; lobi laterales aliformes, semiovati; lobus medius porrec- tus, lanceolatus vel lineari-lanceolatus, acuminatus; dis- cus basi minute bicallosus. Columna brevis, apice den- ticulata, utrinque conspicue unidentata. Plant dwarf, commonly divaricately branched, in habit similar to HMpidendrum Porpax Reichb. f. (in Bon- plandia 8 (1855) 220). Roots fibrous, filiform, more or less branched, glabrous. Stems slender, usually much branched, spreading, entirely concealed by short loose tubular or infundibuliform sheaths which are commonly [102 | evanescent below and persistent imbricating and _ leaf- bearing above. Leaves horizontally spreading, distichous, linear, fleshy, obtuse and minutely apiculate with a dor- sal denticulate mucro, clasping at base, commonly up to 17 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, rarely as much as 28 mm. long and 3.7 mm. wide (these measurements obtained by soaking the blade in hot water), with the mid-nerve ‘arinate beneath especially toward the apex. Inflores- cence terminal, abbreviated, apparently sessile, common- ly 2-flowered with each flower in the axil of a conspicuous conduplicate carinate bract. Flowers small but large for the plant, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal nar- rowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, about 9.5 mm. long and 2.2 mm. wide, acute or acuminate, 3-nerved, dorsally indistinctly carinate. Lateral sepals obliquely linear-lanceolate, up to 11 mm. long and 2.2 mm. wide, acuminate, 8-nerved, dorsally prominently carinate. Pet- als obliquely linear, up to 9.1 mm. long and 1 mm. wide in the middle, acute, 3-nerved. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina deeply 3-lobed near the shal- lowly cordate base, up to 7.9 mm. long in the middle: lateral lobes alitorm, semiovate, narrowed to an obtuse apex, about 3.4 mm. long and 1.6 mm. wide below, sub- erect in natural position; mid-lobe much larger, porrect, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, up to 6.4 mm. long and 2.1 mm. wide, acuminate to an obtuse apex, 5-nerved at base; disc with a pair of dentiform calli at the base. Column short, stout, dilated upward, up to 4 mm. long at the back, denticulate at the apex, on each side with an obliquely triangular porrect tooth. Hpidendrum nanum appears to lack close allies. In habit it resembles 47. Porpav Reichb.t. The collection, Schunke 552, consists of a single plant with simple stem and rather larger leaves and flowers than in the type collection. [ 103 ] Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, at 1800 meters altitude, November **1924-1927,"? Carlos Schunke 544 (Type in Herb. Field Mus. No. 571602; Isorype in Herb. Ames No. 61608); same locality and alti- tude, October ‘'1924-1927,’’ Schunke 522; Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, at 1300-1700 meters altitude, in dense forest, Schunke OY Epidendrum orbiculatum C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba robusta sed humilis. Caulis vaginis laxis infun- dibuliformibus celatus. Folia disticha, late patentia, pauca, elliptico-oblonga vel ovalia (rarenter oblongo-lan- ceolata), infima multo minora. Inflorescentia laxe pauci- flora, spatha magna conduplicata subtenta. Flores gran- des. Sepalum dorsale ovato-ellipticum, late obtusum. Sepala lateralia oblique oblongo-ovata, obtusa vel sub- acuta, navicularia, dorso carinata. Petala linearia, obtusa. Labellum columnae valde adnatum; lamina simplex, suborbicularis, apice valde emarginata, basi distanter et breviter bicarinata. Pollinia generis. Plant low and stout, up to 25 em. tall (lower part of stem incomplete in my specimen). Stem simple or with a single abbreviated branch below, straight or arcuate, entirely or nearly concealed by loose infundibuliform sheaths which are leaf-bearing except near the base, with the lower portion producing a few elongate fibrous roots which often bear small ellipsoid swellings. Leaves distich- ous, widely spreading, four to each stem, elliptic-oblong to oval or rarely oblong-lanceolate, up to 7.8 cm. long and 8 em. wide (the lower blades much smaller), bilobu- late at the rounded or obtuse apex, sessile at the clasping base, chartaceous in the dried specimen. Inflorescences terminal, few- (3- to 5-) flowered, very loosely racemose, subtended by a stout conduplicate spathe which is up to 3.5 cm. long and about 1.5 em. wide and which entirely conceals the short peduncle. Flowers large, long- and slender-pedicelled, greenish or greenish brown. Dorsal [ 104 | sepal ovate-elliptic, obtuse with a minute dorsal mucro, concave, 5-nerved, about 15 mm. long and 9.5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-ovate, obtuse or suba- cute, navicular, dorsally carinate, 5-nerved, about 17 min. long and 10 mm. wide. Petals linear, about 16 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, obtuse, prominently 1-nerved or indis- tinctly 8-nerved. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina simple, suborbicular, conspicuously emar- ginate, about 22 mm. long (at the longest part) and 26 mm. wide, broadly cuneate at the base, with a pair of short widely separated fleshy keels below. Column very short and stout, broadly conical when viewed from the side, about 9 mm. long measured on the dorsal surtace. Pollinia tour, strongly complanate, obliquely ellipsoid. gpidendrum orbiculatum is allied to. Scutella Lindl., but has much narrower petals and prominently retuse lip. Cuzco: Prov. Calea, Lares Valley above Mantoc, at 2400-2500 me- ters altitude, on rocks, flowers greenish or greenish brown, March 8, 1929, A. Weberbauer 7904 (Tver in Herb. Field Mus. No. 605234; Isorvee in Herb. Ames No, 61545). Epidendrum paniculatum Ruiz & Pav. var. lin- earifolium (Cogn.) C. Schweinfurth comb. nov. Epidendrum parviflorum Ruiz & Pavon Syst. Veg. (1798) 245. vpidendrum gratiosum Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 4 (1856) 215—Cogniaux in Mart. FI. Bras. 3, pt. 5 (1898) 165. Epidendrum gratiosum Reichb.f. var. linearifolium Cogniaux in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 5 (1898) 166. Eipidendrum patulipetalum Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. Beihefte 9 (1921) 91; ex Mansfeld in Beihette 57 (1929) t. 120, nr. 472. An examination of what is undoubtedly isotype ma- terial of L’pidendrum parviflorum trom the Madrid Her- barium shows that this concept cannot reasonably be [ 105 | separated specifically from the extremely variable /. paniculatum. Although FE. parviflorum is a smaller and more delicate plant than the usual form of . panicula- tum, there does not appear to be any striking morpholog- ical character—either vegetative or floral—to separate it trom that species. The flowers of £7. parviflorum, how- ever, are much smaller than those of any of the £7. pan- iculatum examined or recorded, and accordingly it seems reasonable to recognize this weak and small-flowered plant as a named variety of 2. paniculatum. Its sepals are 5 mm. long, whereas those of J7. paniculatum range from 8.2-16 mm. in length. In addition, the variety has the base of the lip provided with a small trilobulate plate, whereas in £. paniculatum there are two calli which are either separate or joined. Although typically found in Peru, this small-flowered form occurs also in Ecuador. EKpidendrum gratiosum, of which I have seen a photo- graph and a drawing from the type specimen in the Reichenbach Herbarium, appears to be an exact coun- terpart of #2. parviflorum and was described from Ruiz & Pavon material. The flowers, as described, also corres- pond well with those of 27. parviflorum, and they are even said to have a trilobulate plate at the base of the lip, as shown in £7. parviflorum., Epidendrum gratiosum var. linearifolium, of which we have a photograph and a drawing of the material in the Reichenbach Herbarium which Cogniaux later made the varietal type, apparently differs from /. gratiosum only in having linear elongate leaves and sometimes a more branched panicle. ‘This combination is therefore synony- mous with #. parviflorum. However, in accordance with the Rules of Botanical Nomenclature, it is necessary, in naming this variety, to disregard the specific name, ‘‘par- viflorum,’” and to adopt the name “‘linearifolium” since it is the first varietal epithet to be used for this concept. { 106 | Eipidendrum patulipetalum, of which the description is supplemented by a floral analysis made under the super- vision of Dr. Schlechter, has sepals which are exactly as small as those of J. parviflorum (Eh. paniculatum var. linearifolium). As drawn, the lip is even smaller than in typical 27. parviflorum and is thus more similar to the Ecuadorian collection (Penland & Siammers 204) referred to £. parviflorum. Moreover, the two basal calli are rep- resented as more prominent than in the Ecuadorian col- lection of £7. parviflorum. Considering the known varia- bility of the lip in this alliance, however, it seems entirely justifiable to reduce this concept. Epidendrum paniculatum Ruiz & Pav. var. un- guiculatum (©. Schweinfurth var. nov. Herba pedunculo elongato plurispathato et floribus majoribus et labelli lobis lateralibus dolabritormibus et lobo intermedio distincte quadrato-unguiculato a specie differt. Plant 80 cm. or more tall (stem broken off). Stem stout, up to 1 cm. in diameter near the base. Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, up to 18 em. long and 4 cm. wide. Inflorescence loosely paniculate; peduncle about 22 cm. long, provided with four strict oblong-lanceolate conduplicate spathes. Flowers cream-colored, larger than in the species. Dorsal sepal 18-19 mm. long, 5 mm. wide above. Lateral sepals 19.6-20 mm. long, 5.6—-6 mm. wide above. Petals 18-19 mm. long, 1.2-1.5 mm. wide above. Lamina of lip about 8.7 mm. long and 16 mm. wide across the lateral lobes when expanded ; lateral lobes broadly dolabriform, irregularly lobulate on the rounded outer margin; mid-lobe from a quadrate base abruptly dilated into a pair of subhorizontal lightly recurved ob- long lobules, lightly retuse and sharply apiculate in the middle; dise with a pair of small rounded basal calli sur- eve rounding a fleshy median ridge which extends to the apex of the lip, the median ridge being supported on each side by a shorter smaller ridge. Column about 14.2 mm. long. Pollinia four, complanate, the two outer being semilu- nate and the two inner smaller and lanceolate in outline. In view of the extreme variability in the size of the flowers and in the form and lobing of the lip in 7. pan- iculatum, 1 consider it advisable to recognize only as a well-marked variety this plant which differs from the usual form in having a relatively elongate peduncle with several conduplicate spathes, and larger flowers with the lateral lobes of the lip strongly flabellate and lobulate on the outer margin and especially in having a prominent quadrate-unguiculate mid-lobe. Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, at 100 meters altitude, epiphyte in forest beside the river, May-June 1930, G. Klug 1401 (Tyre in Herb. Field Mus. No. 624989; Isorypr in U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1456335). Epidendrum pubiflorum C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba magna et robusta ut videtur. Folia disticha, oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, apice rotundata, amplec- tentia. Inflorescentia terminalis, divaricato-paniculata, arcuatis multifloris cum ramis. Flores parvi, crassiores. Sepalum dorsale obovato-oblongum vel oblanceolato- oblongum, obtusum. Sepala lateralia oblique elliptico- obovata, conspicue mucronata. Petala lineari-oblanceo- lata, subacuta. Labellum columnae valde adnatum; lamina in circuitu suborbicularis, profunde trilobata, basi cordata; lobi laterales oblique dolabriformi-ovati, extus rotundati et irregulariter crenulati; lobus medius sub- nequalis, breviter cuneato-obovatus, apice leviter retusus ; discus basi bicallosus et antice breviter tricarinatus, Co- lumna brevis, valde dilatata. Plant apparently large and stout (entire lower portion lacking in my specimen). Stem concealed by close tubu- [ 108 | lar leaf-sheaths. Leaves distichous, oblong or elliptic- oblong, minutely bilobulate at the rounded apex, cuneate at the sessile clasping base, up to 11.5 em. long and 2.: cm. wide, spreading, subcoriaceous. Inflorescence termi- nal, consisting of a large spreading panicle of about 5 dis- tichous arcuate, many-flowered branches which are 26.5 cm. or less long; rachis finely pubescent. Floral bracts inconspicuous, lanceolate, shorter than the short gradually dilated pedicellate ovary. Pedicellate ovary and outer sur- fuce of the sepals densely short-pu- bescent. Flowers small, rather fleshy. Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong or oblan- ceolate-oblong, obtuse and dorsally subapically mucronate, 9-10 mm. long, 8-8.2 mm. wide, 3-nerved, light- — Epidendrum pubiflo- ly concave. Lateral sepals obliquely 7™™, flower expand- ed, one and one half times natural size. elliptic-obovate, acute with a promi- nent dorsal mucro, 10.8—11 mm. long, 4.6-4.8 mm. wide, concave, 5-nerved. Petals linear- oblanceolate, lightly oblique, 9.5-9.9 mm. long, 1.9-2 mm. wide above, subacute, l-nerved. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex ; lamina suborbicular in outline, sharply 8-lobed, deeply cordate at base, about 7 mm. in greatest length and 9-9.5 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes spreading, obliquely dolabriform- ovate, with the rounded outer margins irregularly cren- ulate and the anterior margin (forming the posterior wall of the sinus) straight ; mid-lobe subequal, shortly cuneate- obovate, lightly retuse, with the lobules undulate-crenate ; dise bicallose at base with three short fleshy approximate keels (the central one longest) just in front. Column short, strongly dilated in front Just above the base, about 5.5 mm. long on the dorsal surface, produced on each side into a pair of shallowly transverse-oblong auricles. [ 109 |] Epidendrum pubiflorum is allied to EB. lanipes Lindl., but differs in having broader sepals and dissimilar lobes of the lip and column, as well as in having shorter broader leaves. Peru: Amazonian slope of the Andes, at about 83000-3300 meters altitude, 1927, Boyd Ehle s.n. (Tyre in Herb. N.Y. Bot. Gard. ). Epidendrum rectopedunculatum (. Schwein- furth sp. nov. Herba robusta, elata, epiphytica. Caulis strictus, vaginis tubulatis arctis omnino celatus. Folia numerosa, disticha, saepissime ovato-lanceolata, acuminata vel subacuta, am- plectentia, carnosa, patentia. Inflorescentia stricta, ramis brevibus late patentibus densifloris supra donata. Flores parvi, subearnosi, segmentis patentibus. Sepalum dorsale obovato-ellipticum, acutum. Sepala lateralia oblique el- liptico-obovata, acuta. Petala oblanceolato-linearia, levi- ter faleata, obtusa vel retusa. Labellum columnae valde adnatum; lamina in circuitu transverse ovalis, carnosa, profunde emarginata, antice in medio abrupte semi-orbic- ulari-bilobulata, utrinque rotundata, basi bicallosa. Col- umna brevis, crassa, apice truncata. Plant stout, about 52 cm. tall, epiphytic. Roots fi- brous, flexuous, glabrous. Stem strict, terete, many- leaved, entirely concealed by close tubular sheaths which produce leaves except near the base. Leaves numerous, distichous, ovate-lanceolate (rarely oblong-ovate or ob- long-elliptic), subacute to acuminate, subrounded at the clasping base, up to 8.8 em. long and 2.4 cm. wide, spreading, fleshy, shining on the upper surface. Inflores- cence terminal, strict, about 11.3 cm. long, with the ra- chis closely invested by imbricating tubular evanescent sheaths, provided above with remote abbreviated widely spreading branches which are densely flowered and com- monly short-branched. Floral bracts minute, triangular- [ 110 | ovate, squarrose. Flowers small, subfleshy, mignonette and flesh-red, with spreading segments. Sepals acute, d-nerved. Dorsal sepal obovate-elliptic, up to 7.6 mm. long and 3.8 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic- obovate, about 8 mm. long and 4 mm. wide. Petals oblanceolate- linear, subacute to retuse, lightly falcate, up to 7 mm. long and 1.3 mm. wide, 1- or obscurely 3- nerved. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina fleshy, transversely oval in outline, ab- ruptly bilobulate in the middle with two semiorbicular lobules, Epidendrum rectopedun- broadly rounded on each side, — culatum, flower, expanded, three times natural size. subtruncate-cuneate at the base, up to 7 mm. long on either side of the center and 12.8 mm. wide; disc with a pair of subglobose calli at the base and three to five more or less distinct fleshy ridges in front. Column short and stout, gently dilated upward in front, up to 4 mm. long, truncate at the irregular apex. Ovary with a semiellipsoid vesicle. Lpidendrum rectopedunculatum is closely allied to the Central American 7. pachyrachis Ames, but differs in having larger leaves, in having an erect long-peduncled inflorescence which is provided with several remote short branches, in its dissimilar petals and in the absence of a sharp apicule in the center of the lip. This concept ap- pears to be so similar to #7. pachyrachis, however, that, with the aid of more material of either species, it may be found specifically inseparable. Loreto: Vicinity of Iquitos, at 100 meters altitude, in dense forest on living tree, January to February 1937, G. Klug 10083 (VTypr in Herb. Ames No, 61553). [ 111 ] Epidendrum reflexilobum C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba elata, gracilior. Radices fibratae, elongatae. Caulis basi decumbens, vaginis tubulatis supra foliiferis omnino celatus. Folia disticha, ovato-oblonga vel ob- longa, apice rotundata, basi amplectentia, carnosa ut vi- detur. Pedunculus elongatus, strictus, vaginis arctis tu- bulatis omnino tectus. Racemus terminalis, brevis, dense pluriflorus, nutans. Sepala petalaque recurvata. Sepalum dorsale ovato-ellipticum, acutum. Sepala lateralia oblique elliptico-oblonga, dorso carinata, acuta. Petala cuneato- spathulata, acuta. Labellum columnae valde adnatum ; lamina profunde trilobata, basi cordata; lobi laterales ob- lique ovales, reflexi, extus irregulariter lacerato-dentati ; lobus medius multo major, obovato-oblongus, profunde bilobatus; discus breviter tricarinatus. Columna brevis, supra dilatata, apice utrinque triangulari-auriculata. Plant tall, rather slender. Roots fibrous, elongate, gla- brous, whitish, mostly simple, stout for the plant. Stem erect from a short decumbent base, entirely concealed by close tubular sheaths which are leaf-bearing except near the base, about 19 em. or less long. Leaves distich- ous, nine or less, ovate-oblong to oblong (rarely ovate), rounded and minutely bilobed at the apex, sessile at the clasping base, apparently fleshy, up to 5.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide (much smaller below). Peduncle elongate, strict, entirely concealed by numerous close tubular scari- ous sheaths, about 43.5 em. or more long. Raceme termi- nal, short, nodding, densely several- to many-flowered, about 4 em. or less long. Floral bracts narrowly triangu- lar, long-acuminate, spreading, the lower ones much the longest. Flowers small, scarlet with yellow on the lip; sepals and petals recurved. Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic, acute, 7-nerved, 11.9-12.5 mm. long and 4.9 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-oblong, acute with a dor- sal mucro, carinate, 6- to 8-nerved, about 183 mm. long [ 112 | and 5 mm. wide. Petals oblanceolate or cuneate-spatu- late, acute, 18.2-18.5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, lightly oblique, 8- to 5-nerved. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its tip; lamina sharply 8-lobed, much surpassing the rest of the perianth, cordate at base; lateral lobes oblique- ly oval in outline, reflexed, about 6.5 mm. long, 4-5 mi. wide, irregularly lacerate-dentate on the outer margins, concave at the base; mid-lobe much larger than the lateral lobes, obovate- oblong in outline with a subquad- rate claw, deeply bilobed with porrect unequal lobules which are =a on | {A irregularly lacerate at the apex, Nig 8.1-10 mm. in greatest length Hy N and 7 mm. wide across the apical portion; disc with three short Epidendrum reflexilobum, fleshy keels of which the central ower expanded, one and As one half times natural size. one is longest and the lateral ones with their fleshy lobulate base spread onto the lateral lobes. Column short and stout, lightly dilated above in front, extended on each side into a fleshy erect triangular auricle; clinandrium denticulate on each side. Anther semiglobose, 4-celled. Pollinia four, complanate, slender- pyritorm. Kpidendrum reflevilobum is allied to LH. tricarimatum Rolfe, but appears to differ in having scarlet and yellow, not purple, flowers, in the form of the petals and in the reflexed oval lateral lobes of the lip whose lateral keels ure entire except at the base. Hvuanvuco: Yanahuanea, at about S070 meters altitude, on rocks among shrubs, flowers “‘scarlet except bright yellow inner and lower portions of lip,’” June 16-22, 1922, Macbride & Featherstone 1290 (Type in Herb. Field Mus. No. 517800; Isoryre in Herb. Ames No. 61589). [ 1138 | Epidendrum refractoides C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba epiphytica, robusta. Caulis erectus, leviter frac- titflexus, vaginis laxis imbricatis omnino celatus. Folia disticha, late patentia, oblongo-elliptica vel ovalia, apice rotundata, basi amplectenti rotundata. Inflorescentia terminalis, arcuata, laxiflora, laxe paniculata, ramis stric- tis brevibus paucifloris spatha suffultis. Flores parvi, vi- rides, carnosi. Sepalum dorsale obovato-oblongum, apice dorso mucronatum. Sepala lateralia oblique oblongo- obovata, apice dorso mucronata. Petala anguste cuneato- oblanceolata, obtusa. Labellum columnae valde adnatum ; lamina ovato-quadrata, apice truncato leviter bilobata, basi cordata, simplex vel leviter trilobata (utrinque in- cisa) et crenato-dentata. Columna generis. Plant stout, epiphytic, about 57.4 cm. or more tall. Roots fibrous, flexuous, glabrous. Stem erect but lightly flexuous, about 23 cm. high, entirely concealed by loose imbricating infundibuliform sheaths of which all but the lowermost are leaf-bearing. Leaves distichous, about eight, oval to oblong-elliptic, rounded with a minute api- cule at the apex, deeply clasping at base, widely spreading up to 12 em. long and 4.2 cm. wide (often progressively shorter below), chartaceous, with the mid-nerve carinate beneath. Inflorescence terminal, arcuate, about 48 ¢m. or less long, loosely paniculate with appressed short branch- es; peduncle up to 14 cm. long, entirely concealed by three strict conduplicate imbricating spathes which are infundibulitorm below; branches of the panicle in the lower portion of the loose inflorescence, loosely 8- to 5- flowered, subtended by an infundibuliform spathe similar to those of the peduncle. Flowers small, green, fleshy. Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong, about 11 mm. long and 4.8 mm. wide, truncate-obtuse with a dorsal mucro, 3-nerved. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-obovate, 11.8-12 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, acute by reason of a dorsal mucro, [ 114 ] 3- or 4-nerved. Petals narrowly cuneate-oblanceolate, 10.5 mm. long, 2.8 mm. wide above, obtuse, 1-nerved. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina ovate-quadrate in outline, deeply cordate at the base, sim- ple or obscurely 8-lobed (lightly indented in the middle of each side), lightly retuse-apiculate in the middle of the truncate apex or shallowly bilobulate, irregularly crenate- dentate on each side especially in the middle, 7.8 mm. in greatest length and 9 mm. in greatest width near the base; disc with a pair of large fleshy complanate-ellipsoid calli at the base und with three to tive fleshy ridges in front, the central ridge extending nearly to the apex. Column short, stout, strongly dilated upward in front, about 6.4 mm. long on the — toides,fower expand- dorsal surface, crenate-dentate at the — ¢d, ene and one half times natural size. truncate apex. HMpidendrum refractoides seems to be closely allied to the Venezuelan £7. refractum Lindl., but differs in hav- ing paniculate inflorescences of smaller flowers with nar- row petals and an indistinctly 8-lobed lip. Hvuantco: Cani, seven miles northeast of Mito, at about 2600 me- ters altitude, ‘‘on tree branch in dense stream-wood,’’ April 16-26, 1923, J. Francis Macbride 3391 (Tyrerin Herb. Field Mus. No. 584461; Isoryver in Herb. Ames No. 61559). Epidendrum Schlechterianum 4 es var. longi- repens (©. Schweinfurth var. nov. Herba parva, rhizomate longo distincto et foliis mini- mis et petalis latioribus a specie differt. Plant small, with a long creeping flexuous rhizome formed by short successive connectives between the ab- breviated stems, producing numerous fibrous adventi- tious roots. Stems very short, entirely concealed by the Las loose flaring unjointed imbricating leaf-sheaths, about 5.8 mm. long. Leaves very small, distichous, approximate, spreading-recurved, oblong-ovate, about 7.5 mm. or less long and 4.4 mm. wide when expanded, rounded at the apex with a minutely bilobulate and mucronate tip, con- vex with a sulcate center, apparently very fleshy. Flow- ers apparently solitary, sessile, green-rose, much smaller than in the usual typical form of the species. Dorsal se- pal elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or sub- acute and apiculate, about 8.9 mm. long and 8.4 mm. wide, dorsally carinate. Lateral sepals similar to the dor- sal sepal, elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute and apiculate, oblique at base with center adnate to the col- umn, 8.7-9 mm. long and 8mm. wide, with a prominent dorsal winged keel which is denticulate above. Petals oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute, about 8 mm. long, 2.8-38 mm. wide, obliquely adnate to the column at base. Lip adnate to the column nearly to the apex; lamina subor- bicular-cordate or broadly ovate-cordate, rounded and abruptly apiculate at the apex, about 5mm. long and 5.9 mm. wide, fleshy with finely denticulate margins. Col- umn abbreviated, terminating on each side in a prominent obliquely rounded-subquadrate auricle, denticulate on the retuse middle portion, about 3.9 mm. long to the tip of an auricle. The differences of this variety from the highly variable E. Schlechterianum are chiefly vegetative. The long creep- ing rhizome and small leaves are distinctly divergent. As to size, the flower is smaller than usual in the typical form, but some flowers of 27. Schlechterianum are quite as small. The petals of the variety, however, tend to be broader and the column shorter than in the species. Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, at 100 meters altitude, in forest, April 1930, G. Klug 1274 (Tyre in U.S. Nat. Herb. No. 1456070; Isoryres in Herb. Field Mus. No, 624992 and in Herb. Ames No, G1887). [ 116 | Epidendrum subreniforme (. Schweinfurth sp. nNOv. Herba mediocris, epiphytica. Caulis robustus, foliorum vaginis distichis imbricatis omnino obtectus. Folia parva, elliptica, acuta, patentia. Inflorescentiae terminales, laxe pauciflorae. Flores grandiores, viridi-flavi. Sepalum dor- sale elliptico-lanceolatum, acutum. Sepala lateralia semi- ovalia vel oblique elliptico-lanceolata, breviter acuminata, dorso carinata, Petala lineari-oblanceolata, acuta vel sub- acuta. Labellum columnae valde adnatum; lamina sub- simplex, in circuitu reniformis, utrinque leviter contracta, upice late rotundato leviter retusa et apiculata. Colummna sursuim leviter dilatata,supra utrinque auriculato-dilatata. Plant medium-sized, about 21.5 em. high. Roots stout, fibrous, elongate, numerous. Stem stout, simple except for one abbreviated ascending branch above, about 19.5 cm. tall, entirely concealed by leaf-bearing sheaths which are close, distichously imbricating, complanate and most- ly scarious. Leaves small, elliptic, acute, sessile, clasping, spreading, up to 4.6 em. long and 1.5 cm. wide, sub- membranaceous. Inflorescence terminal, abbreviated, re- curved, loosely about 4-flowered. Flowers rather large, greenish yellow. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, acute, about 19 mm. long and 6.5 mm. wide, 7-nerved below the middle. Lateral sepals semioval or obliquely elliptic- lanceolate, about 22 mm. long and 8.5 mm. wide, shortly acuminate, concave, dorsally carinate especially above the middle. Petals linear-oblanceolate, acute or subacute, about 18.8 mm. long and 3.8 mm. wide, 3-nerved. Lip adnate to the column nearly to its apex; lamina subsim- ple, reniform in outline, ightly contracted on each side, with the center channelled and the sides convex-spread- ing in natural position, lightly retuse and bluntly apicu- late at the broadly rounded apex, about 12 mm. long in the middle and 25.8 mm. wide near the cordate base, ob- Rive scurely bicallose at the base. Column stout, gradually dilated above where it is produced into a broad subquad- rate auricle on each side, about 12 mm. long from the base to the apex of an auricle. Epidendrum subreniforme is apparently allied to the Brazilian 7. Burgert Schitr., but has shorter broader leaves and larger flowers with an apiculate lip. Hvuanuco: Cushi, at about 1500 meters altitude, on small tree in sun, June 19-28, 1923, J. Francis Macbride 4543 (Tyre in Herb. Field Mus. No. 535620). [ 118 | EXPLANATION OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS Piate VI. EripenpruM CARNosIFLoRUM C. Schweinf: 1, plant, one half natural size. 2, lateral sepal, two and one half times natural size. 3, dorsal se- pal, two and one half times natural size. 4, petal, two and one half times natural size. 5, lip and col- umn from side, natural position, two and one halt times natural size. 6, lip and column from above, natural position, two and one half times natural size. EpiIpENDRUM LATISEGMENTUM C. Schweinf: 7, plant, one half natural size. 8, flower, expanded, natural size. 9, lip and column from side, natural size. 10, anther, showing cells, five times natural size, 11, pollinium, ten times natural size. Piare VII. Eetpenprum evatrum C. Schweinf: 1, plant, one half natural size. 2, flower, expand- ed, one and one half times natural size. 3, flower from side, natural position, one and one half times natural size. Piate VIII. Errp—enprum Macsriper C. Schweinf: 1, plant, one half natural size. 2, flower, expand- ed, twice natural size. 3, pollinia in situ, ten times natural size. EpIDENDRUM LIGULIFERUM C. Schweinf. 4, plant, one half natural size. 5, flower, expanded, natural size. Piatre TX, EripeNDRUM MAGNICALLOsUM C. Schweinf: 1, plant, one half natural size. 2, flower, expanded, two and one half times natural size. 3, flower from side, natural position, two and one half times nat- ural size. { 119 ] EPIDENDRUM SUBRENIFORME C, Schweinf. 4, plant, one half natural size. 5, flower, expanded, natural size. 6, flower from side, natural position, natural size. PLare X. Ep1peENDRUM MINUTIDENTATUM C. Schweinf. 1, plant, one half natural size. 2, flower, expanded, twice natural size. EpIpENDRUM ORBICULATUM C. Schweinf. 3, plant, one half natural size. 4, flower, expanded, natural size. Piare XI. Eerpenprum MINUTIFLORUM C. Schweinf. 1, plant, natural size. 2, flower from side, natural position, five times natural size. 38, dorsal sepal, five times natural size. 4, lateral sepal, five times natural size. 5, petal, five times natural size. 6, column and lip from side, five times natural size. 7, column and lip from above, five times natural size. 8, anther from above, ten times natural size. 9, anther from below, ten times natural size. EprrpenpruM NANUM C. Schweinf. 10, plant, natural size. 11, flower expanded, one and one half times natural size. 12, lip and column from side, natural position, two and one half times natural size. 13, lip, expanded, two and one half times natural size. Prare XII. Errpenprum aguaticoipes C. Schweinf: 1, plant, one half natural size. 2, flower, from above, expanded, twice natural size. 3, lip and column from side, twice natural size. Prare XIII. Eerpenprum sirosrratum C. Schweinf. 1, plant, one half natural size. 2, flower, from above, expanded, twice natural size. [ 120 } PLATE VI EPIDENDRUM egmentum G Schuwe infi. Z 2S (3 Li Es Ae PLATE VII EPIDE-NDRUM C Schure tri ft. elatum ith \ \ < na — Lam tl i a eaalkaabapibnaini@ijuice arr tet PLatTE VIII E-PIDENDRUM Placbhridei DQ, ; | \ é uliflerven N 4 y v / I \, ‘ SS ' oe Schwere Py X\\ <= oO \ PiatTeE IX EPIDENDRUM f/ oa (ae oe ius { ON Ne - mere. er s ae a ey bEs FT RG 4 mt) sie) foc FONG) |) ee bg acs RY 3 ~ SUE ' Pp. y | i oe orme Cee 1WEINA. = — = r= ee - <= : a a ; st : PLATES EF. orbiculatum C: Schwein fi. 7EPIDENDRUM SERS \ Ss minutidentatum CrSchweink PLateE XI FE PIDE-NDRUM aa ee Cc Schweinf. | SAN (t s U E nanum Cle +7 as ro © = +o af PLatTEeE XII ¥ LN aa ey G Schureing. a\ Ss ‘h PLATE ALL =F PIDENDRUM ‘ Cirostratum Cc Schweinf. BOTANICAL MUSEUM LEAFLETS HARVARD UNIVERSITY CaMBRIDGE, Massacnusetts, NoveMBER 10, 1943 VoL. 11, No. 5 AFRICAN ORCHIDS. XIII BY V.S. SUMMERHAYES (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) THE LEAFLESS ANGRAECOID ORCHIDS LEAFLESS MEMBERS of the large group of Monopodial Orchids are found in all the main tropical regions, for example, the genus Taeniophyllum Bl. in Indo-Malaya and the genera Campylocentrum Benth. and Dendrophy- lav Reichb.f. in tropical America. In Africa, including the Mascarene Islands in the broad sense, such orchids have generally been looked upon, probably correctly, as leafless representatives of the large group of Angraecoid orchids characteristic of that continent. Until now all these leafless plants have either been placed in one genus or have been allocated to the various aggregate genera Angraecum Thouars, Listrostachys Reichb.f. and Rhaphidorrhynchus Finet according to the views of the authors dealing with them. The earliest dis- tinct generic name for any leafless African monopodial orchid is Gussonea proposed by A. Richard in 1828 for Angraecum aphyllum Thouars (in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 4 (1828) 67). This name was afterwards adopted by Ridley (in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 21 (1885) 391) who transferred several species from other genera and described some new ones. More recently Schlechter (in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 89-94) also [ 137 ] accepted Gussonea in his general treatment of the An- graecoid orchids. Untortunately Gussonea A. Rich. is a later homonym, the name having been used previously by Sprengel, under the alternative spelling Gussonia, tor a genus of Huphorbiaceae now considered congeneric with Sebastiana. The next available name is Microcoelia pro- posed by Lindley in 1880 (Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl. 60) for u Madagascar plant, and this is undoubtedly the correct name tor the leafless Angraecoid orchids assuming that they are all congeneric. Schlechter states in his introductory remarks (I.¢. p. 72) that the leafless African species all possess a similar col- umn structure and on that basis he puts them into a sin- gle genus, Gussonea. However, he points out elsewhere (p. 98) that the structure of his Angraecum macrorrhyn- chium (Gussonea macrorrhynchia Schitr.) is so different from that of other species that it may prove to belong to a separate genus. He divides Gussonea into two sec- tions, namely, section Wu-gussonea with elongated climb- ing stems, and section T'aeniophylloides with a very short stem, the whole plant strongly resembling members of the genus T'aeniophyllum. He gives no correlated floral differences so presumably he had detected none of any significance. Finet (in Mém. Soc. Bot. France 9 (1907) 84, 85, 47, 50), on the other hand, placed the species in several differ- ent genera, but his genera are many of them so artificial | that his separation of the leafless species is little evidence of their real distinctiveness. It has, however, been sug- gested, for example, by Braid (in Bull. Mise. Inform. Kew (1926) 824) and the present writer (in Bull. Mise. Inform. Kew (1986) 282) that the striking common fea- ture of leaflessness may have been given too much weight and that perhaps several genera are represented among the various species described. If this be true, do some of [ 188 | the species belong to otherwise leafy genera or should they form distinct leafless genera? In view of this doubt as to the generic conformity (or otherwise) of the various species and the fact that many new combinations will in any case be necessary under the correct generic name Microcoelia, | have re-investigated the genus. Unfortunately owing to war conditions I have been unable to examine the type-specimens of several of the species and accurate placing of these will have to await amore favorable opportunity. It has seemed worth while, however, to place on record such decisions as could profitably be made from the material and information available. The final result of this examination, put shortly, is that the species of Microcoelia torm, on the whole, a nat- ural genus, possessing many features in common apart from the leafless habit, but that several species have to be transterred to other genera. In addition I have dis- covered some remarkable forms which can only be satis- factorily treated as new genera. The species most obviously differing from the others are those with the elongated climbing stems. These, of course, include the ty pe of Gussonea (G.aphylla (‘Vhouars) A. Rich.) and therefore form Schlechter’s section Mu- gussonea. When, however, the name Microcoelia Lindl. is adopted for the genus, the type species is MM. evilis Lindl., and this has a short stem. On examination of the long-stemmed forms I cannot see how they differ from the genus So/enangis Schltr. except in the leafless habit, so I have transferred them to this genus. Angraecum macrorrhynchium Schitr., mentioned already, is an aber- rant form, for which I am creating a new genus described below. Excluding the above, as well as some even more re- markable plants described below for the first time, the | $304 genus Microcoelia contains some twenty-five or so spe- cies, but it is possible that some of these may prove to be conspecific. It is also practically certain that many new species yet await discovery, since the leafless habit renders the plants inconspicuous except when in flower, quite apart from the fact that some of the species are extremely small. ‘The type specimens of the new species are in the Kew Herbarium unless otherwise stated. MicrocokEnia Lindl. Microcoelia Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl. (1880) 60—Summerhayes in Hutchinson & Dalziel Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2 (1986) 408, 454. Plantae epiphyticae, aphyllae. Caulis brevissimus, usque ad 8 cm. longus, radices flexuosas simplices vel ramosas saepius laeves emittens, apice cataphyllis scari- osis minutis praeditus. Jnflorescentiae ex axillis cataphyl- lorum exortae, singulae vel plures, racemosae, pauci- usque multiflorae, breves vel usque ad 20 cm. longae. Flores alternati, parvi vel parvuli, albi, rosei vel auranti- aci, breviter vel longiuscule pedicellati; bracteae saepius minimae, basi vaginantes. Sepa/a saepius+conniventia, lanceolata vel ovata, acuta vel obtusa, lateralia obliqua quam intermedium saepe majora, saepius basi antice ampliata. Petala sepalis+similia, sed saepe minora vel angustiora, interdum obovata vel oblonga. Labellum sim- plex vel basi obscure trilobatum, saepe pro rata parvum vel minimum, oblongum, ovatum, lanceolatum vel orbic- ulare, ecallosum; calcar breve vel elongatum, globosum, conicum vel cylindricum, interdum apicem versus leviter vel modice inflatum, ore angustum vel latiusculum. Co/- umna brevis vel antice brevissima, interdum = recurvata ; androclinium reclinatum vel adscendens; anthera+hem- isphaerica, antice breviter vel saepius longe producta; [ 140 | pollinia duo, sphaeroidia vel pyriformia, stipite uno sed raro superne diviso lineari vel ligulato apice saepe dila- tato, viscidio uno; stigma excavatum; rostellum modice vel valde productum, saepius decurvatum et columnae + adpressum, interdum parte distali incurvatum vel por- rectum, viscidio amoto+ profunde bipartitum. Species typica:—M. eailis Lindl. Characteristic features are the short stem, simple race- mose inflorescences with flowers arising singly, the almost entire lip, the short column, in which the androclinium is rarely horizontal being usually markedly sloping up- wards towards the back and sometimes very much so, the common stipes and viscidium and the deeply-cleft elongated rostellum. This latter is usually adpressed to the column in the lower part but may be curved upwards in the distal part or rarely is wholly divergent. After re- moval of the viscidium the two lobes are clearly evident. Most of the characters, such as flower size, shape of perianth members, size of lip, length and shape of spur, nature of column, shape of pollinarium and rostellum, exhibit more or less continuous gradations from one ex- treme to the other and thus indicate the entity of the genus. It is, however, possible to separate three groups or sections in each of which the floral characters are com- bined to give a more or less recognisable facies. [| have therefore arranged the species in these sections, which are shortly characterised, but as I have not seen all the species some transferences may be necessary later. Section I. Ku-microcornsaA Summerhayes. Flores parvi vel minimi; labellum parvum vel medio- cre; columna dorso brevis, clinandrio dorso tantum paulo adscendente; anthera antice vix producta; pollinii stipes brevis, viscidio pro rata magno = quadrato ovato vel orbiculari. [ 141 ] Species typica sectionis:—M. ewilis Lindl. The species of this section are characterised by the small or even minute flowers and the column structure. The androclinium is almost horizontal or at most gently sloping upward from the front while the rostellum-lobes are comparatively short. 1. Microcoelia conica (Schlechter) Summerhayes comb, nov. Angraecum conicum Schlechter in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 38 (1906) 160. Gussonea conica Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 91, et in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 68 (1982) t. 96, no. 882. Mozambique: Near Beira, April 1885, Schlechter. | have not seen this species but from the description and illustration it should fall into this section. Schlechter’s comparison with Angraecum cyclochilum Schitr., which is a species with an elongated stem, raises the possibility that the present species is similar in that respect, but un- fortunately the description provides no definite informa- tion on this point. In his revision Schlechter places it among the short-stemmed forms (see above reference). 2. Microcoelia exilis Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch. PI. (1830) 61. Angraecum Chiloschistae Reichenbach filius in Linn- nea 20 (1847) 678, et in Walpers Ann. 1 (1849) 791— Bolus Te. Orch. Austr.-Afric. 1 (1898) t. 6, et in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 25 (1889) 186—Durand & Schinz Consp. Fl. Afr. 5 (1892) 40—Rolfe in Dyer Fl. Cap. 5, ii (1912) 74. Gussonea evilis Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 21 (1885) 493, et in Journ. Bot. 24 (1886) 292 — [ 142 | Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 88, Abt. 2 (1915) 425, et I.c. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 92. Mystacidium exile Durand & Schinz Consp. Fl. Atr. 5 (1892) 52—Palacky Cat. Pl. Madag. (1906) 11. Angraecum aphyllum Kraenzlin in Engler Pfanzenw. Ost.-Atr. C (1895) 157, non Thouars. Rhaphidorrhynchus Chiloschistae Finet in Mém. Soe. Bot. France 9 (1907) 35. Gussonea Chiloschistae Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 91. Kenya Cotony: Muka, June 1902, Kassner 941; Rabai Hills, Kayo- bomu, April 1886, Taylor; Tsimba (“‘Jomvu’’), June 1886, Taylor. TANGANYIKA Territory: Usambara, Kwa Mshuza, Aug. 1893, Holst &889a; Bombuera, Feb. 1893, Holst 2270; Shinyanga, Ndama River, June 1931, Burtt 3498; Handeni District, between Zindeni and Ma- zima, Sept. 19338, Burtt 4948; Kilosa, June 1926, Burtt 125. NortHern Ruopesia: Kafue River, Mwengwa, N. of Namwala, Macauley 1055; Zambesi River, Victoria Falls, N. bank, April 19382, Thompson 1350, NyasaLanp: [about 20 miles S. of Blantyre] Aug.-Sept. 1861, Mel- er; Shire River valley, Dec. 1865, Waller; Shiri Beesi, Shire River, April 1859, Kirk; near Blantyre, Last. Mozambique: Cafunipe (or Cafumpe), Feb. 1924, Honey SO1; River Zonoe, in Manica, April 1907, Johnson 258. NaraL: Port Natal, Gueinzius 263; Tongaat, Saunders (Herb. Bolus 6219); Zululand, White Umfolozoi River, Sept. 1937, Harris; near Sea-cow Lake, March 1867, Sanderson 1007. MapaGascar: no locality, Forbes, s.n. (Iyer); 28. Easily distinguished by the extremely small flowers and almost globular spur. I can see no differences in speci- mens throughout the above extensive range and can find no support for Schlechter’s separation of the Madagascar species from that of the mainland nor for his suggestion that several allied species may occur on the mainland. During his later researches Schlechter seems to have adopted the view that orchids must, épso facto, have lim- ited distributions and interpreted his species accordingly. [ 143 ] All my investigations tend to show that many African orchids have even wider distributions than those credited to them by the earlier workers such as Reichenbach and Rolfe. 3. Microcoelia Guyoniana (LPeichenbach filius) Sum- merhayes comb, nov. Angraecum Guyonianum Reichenbach filius in Lin- naea 22 (1849) 865, et in Walpers Ann. 8 (1852) 572— Schweintfurth Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. (1867) 198, 292— Martelli Florul. Bogos. (1886) 81—Rolfe in Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. 7 (1897) 148. Saccolabium radicosum A.Richard Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2 (1851) 285. Angraecum globulosum WHochstetter ex A. Richard le., im synon, Microcoelia ? Taeniophyllum Hochstetter ex A. Rich- ard l.c., i synon. Aéranthus Guyonianus Reichenbach filius in Flora 48 (1865) 190, et in Otia Bot. Hamburg. (1881) 78. Gussonea globulosa Ridley in Journ. Linn, Soc. Lond. Bot. 21 (1885) 891, in obs.—Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 93. Mystacidium globulosum Durand & Schinz Consp. F'l. Afr. 5 (1892) 53. Mystacidium radicosum Wurand & Schinz l.c. 54. Erirrea: Between Keren and Massawa, near Maldi, Aug. 1870, Beccari (not seen). Apsyssinta: Below Jeladjeranne, near Tacazze River, May 1840, Schimper 1565 (Tyrer); Amba Sea, June 1856, Schimper 560. Supan: Sennar Province, Fazogli, near Fadoga, April 1848, Cien- kowsky (not seen). Oupanaui-Cuari: River Baedou, 25 km. S. of Ippy, May 1927, Tisserant 2171. Uaanpba: Toro District, May 1989, Chandler 27984. Kenya Cotony: Maruessa, between Duruma and Teita, Jan. 1877, Hildebrandt 2374; Nairobi, Jan. 1982, Napier (Coryndon Mus. Herb. [144 | 1532); Nairobi, Aug. 1933, Napier (Coryndon Mus. Herb. 5213); Aberdare Mts., Kinangop district, December 1930, Napier (Coryndon Mus. Herb. 724). Anoota: Golungo Alto, near River Cuango and at Sobato de Bumba near River Casabella, May 1856, Welwitsch 653; Pungo Andongo, April 1875, Soyaux 228. Nortruern Ruopesta: Mwinilunga District, S. of Matonchi Farm, Feb. 1988, Paterson in Milne-Redhead 4651, Betaran Conco: Katanga, Elisabethville district, Oct. 1923, Von Hirschberg 12. Here again is a species with a wide distribution in Tropical Africa. The species is closely allied to M. Smithi (Rolfe) Summerh. and to IZ. Stolz (Schitr.) Summerh., both of which may eventually prove to be local races of M. Guyoniana. The species is characterised by the rather small flowers, the relatively large obovate or oblong lip and the more or less conical-cylindrical spur often slightly recurved at the apex. I am adopting the epithet Guyoniana as in my opinion Angraecum globulosum Hochst. was not validly pub- lished by the distribution of Schimper’s exsiccatae. It is laid down in the International Rules of Nomenclature (Art. 87) that names accompanying exsiccatae are only validly published if accompanied also by a description. The phrase in brackets on Schimper’s label ‘*‘ Folia min- ima ad apicem caulis in globulum conferta’’ does not ap- pear to me to be a formal description provided by Hoch- stetter but merely an extract from Schimper’s field notes. The acceptance of such ‘‘descriptions’’ as validating might make it necessary to take up any new name ac- companying distributed dried specimens if the collector's field notes reproduced on the label happened to contain some descriptive phrases. In addition in the present ex- ample the phrase does not distinguish the species from any other Microcoelia, the character described being a generic one. [ 145 | 4. Microcoelia Hirschbergii Swmmerhayes sp. nov. a M. Guyoniana (Reichb.f.) Summerh. inflorescentiis valde brevioribus, labelli calcari lamina duplo longiore ore angusto superne leviter inflato, pollinii viscidio quad- rato pro rata magno differt. Planta parva, epiphytica; caulis brevissimus, vix 1 ¢m. longus, radices numerosas flexuosas laeves 2-8 mm. di- ametro emittens. Jnflorescentiae fasciculatae, usque ad 1.5 cm. longae, erectae, basi vaginis scariosis acutis prae- ditae, superne densiuscule usque ad 15-florae ; pedunculus brevis; rhachis angulata, gracilis; bracteae lanceolatae, acuminatae, 1-2 mm. longae. Fores sub-erecti vel erecto- patentes, albi labello basi maculis duabus brunneis in- structo; pedicellus cum ovario 8-9 mm. longus, tenuis. Sepala oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, lateralibus obliquis, apice apiculata, 8.5-3.7 mm. longa, circiter 1.25 mm. lata, subtrinervia. Peta/la oblonga, apice acuta, 8 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, uninervia. Labellum e basi angusta late ellipticum, acutum, integrum, in toto 8 mm. longum, antice 1.8 mm. latum, plurinervium; calear + cylindri- cum, ore leviter angustatum, superne leviter inflatum, apice obtusum, circiter 5-5.5 mm. longum. Columna brevissima, truncata, androclinio reclinato leviter exca- vato; anthera fere hemisphaerica, antice truncata vel brevissime producta; pollinia ellipsoidea, stipite quam pollinia breviore lineari-cylindrico, viscidio = quadrato pro rata magno; rostellum porrectum, breve, subacutum ; ovarium circiter 8 mm. longum. Betaian Conco: Katanga, near Elisabethville, 4500-5000 ft. alt., on trees away from water, Sept. 1923, Von Hirschberg 26 (Typr in Nat. Herb., Pretoria). A striking little species with a rather long cylindrical spur slightly narrower towards the mouth. The rostel- lum and also the stipes of the pollinium are exception- ally short the viscidium is relatively large being as broad [ 146 | as the stipes is long, while the pollinia are larger than either. 5. Microcoelia microglossa Swmmerhayes in Huteh- inson and Dalziel Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2 (1986) 454, et in Bull. Mise. Inform. Kew (1986) 231. SourTHeRN NrGerta: Oban District, Talbot. Very similar superficially to M.caespitosa (Rolte) Sum- merh. in Section [I] but the column is very short with the androclinium only gently sloping upwards while the rostellum and its associated structures (stipes and viscid- ium) are also short and broad. Another striking feature is the exceptionally long spur (nearly 2 em. long) which is suddenly widened near the apex and then tapers to the apex itself. 6. Microcoelia Perrieri (linet) Summerhayes comb. NOV. Rhaphidorrhynchus Perrierit: Finet in Lecomte Not. Syst. 1 (1909) 89. Angraecum Perriert Schlechter in Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, sér. ii, 1 (1918) 198. Gussonea Perricri Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33, Abt. 2 (1915) 425, et Le. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 94, et in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 33 (1925) 378. Mapaaascar: Ambodiroko, near Mevatanana, Oct. 1894, Perrier de la Bathie 58 (not seen) (Tyrer); Sambirano, valley of the Sambirano, July 1909, Perrier 1841; basin of the lower Mangoky, below Berowha, Sept. 1919, Perrier 12865. Well characterised by the long slender rhachis and hair-like pedicels and the almost cylindrical spur about three times as long as the lip lamina and slightly con- stricted about one-third below the apex. The rostellum and stipes are short and the general structure strongly resembles that of MZ. Hirschbergu Summerhayes de- scribed above. M. Perrier’, however, has much longer [ 147 ] inflorescences, the perianth members more unequal es- pecially the very oblique lateral sepals, the spur longer and constricted nearer the apex, and a relatively smaller viscidium., 7. Microcoelia physophora (Reichenbach filius) Sum- merhayes comb, nov. Angraecum physophorum Reichenbach filius Otia Bot. Hamburg. (1881) 77. Gussonea physophora Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1885) 492—Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 38, Abt. 2 (1915) 425, et Lc. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 94, et in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 33 (1925) 878. ZaNziBAR: Chwaka, near shore, Oct. 1932, Vaughan 2016; no lo- cality, Vaughan 1747. Mapaaascar: Nosi-Komba Island, Dec. 1879, Hildebrandt 3255 (Type); Tampaketso, west Madagascar, Sept. 1904, Perrier de la Bathie 1771 (not seen) ; Marvorary, Boina, July 1922, Perrier 148045 (not seen). This species, which has not previously been recorded from Africa proper, can be recognised by the rather flat- tened roots, the long spur thickened at the apex and the narrow ligulate erect and concave lip lamina. The mouth of the spur is much narrowed by the infolding of the edges on either side. The androclinium slopes upwards somewhat but the porrect rostellum is comparatively short. The two pyriform pollinia are attached, by a stipes of moderate length and somewhat widened above, to a large heart-shaped viscidium. 8. Microcoelia Smithii (Rolfe) Summerhayes comb. nov. Angraecum Smithu Rolfe in Bull. Mise. Inform. Kew (1895) 87, et in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. 7 (1897) 149. Gussonea Smith Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 94. Kenya CoLtony: Giryama and Tsimba Mts., 1887, Taylor. TANGANYIKA TrerRRITORY: Between the sea and Mt. Kilimanjaro, [ 148 ] Smith; cult. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Jan. 1895 (T'yee); Usam- bara, Amani, Jan. 1910 Kraenzlin (Herb. Amani 29957); Amani, Dec. 1928, Greenway 1065. Evidently allied to M. Guyoniana (Reichb. t.) Sum- merh. of which it may prove to be a local race or variety. It may be distinguished by its smaller size, more slender inflorescences, smaller flowers and narrow perianth mem- bers including the lip. In general floral structure there is close agreement between the two species. 9. Microcoelia Stolzii (Sch/echter) Summerhayes comb. nNOv. Gussonea Stolzu Schlechter in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 53 (1915) 596, et in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 68 (1982) t. 98, no. 389. TANGANYIKA Terrirory: Kyimbila District, Madehani, Dec. 1913, Stolz 2350 (Tyrer); Njombe, Dec. 1931, Lynes Fy 26; Uluguru Mts., N.W. side, Dec. 1932, Schlieben 3079, This, like WZ. Sith (Rolfe) Summerh., is a close ally of M. Guyoniana (Reichb.f.) Summerh., which they ap- pear to replace in Tanganyika Territory. JZ. Stolzi is characterised by the spur which is only about half the length of the narrow acute lip and is markedly incurved. There are, however, specimens in the Kew Herbarium from Kenya Colony in which a relatively short incurved spur is associated with the broader lip and perianth seg- ments of typical JZ.Guyoniana. There is some evidence that these three species should more correctly be treated as variants of one species with which, perhaps, M.conica (Schlitr.) Summerh. should also be associated. Section Il. BracuyGriossaA Summerhayes Flores parvi vel mediocres; labellum pro rata breve sed saepius latum, calcari labello usque ad triplo longiore ; columna antice brevis, dorso saepe valde altior, clinan- drio dorso saepius valde adscendente; anthera antice sae- [ 149 ] pilus valde producta; pollinii stipes mediocris vel longus interdum superne bifidus, viscidio ovato, oblongo vel lan- ceolato; rostellum longe productum, basi saepius decur- vatum, parte distali interdum incurvatim porrectum. Species typica sectionis :—M.caespitosa (Rolte) Sum- merh, The species of this section may be distinguished from those of Section | by their usually larger flowers and longer spur. The lamina of the lip is relatively short, though sometimes quite broad, and may be markedly concave. The column is much higher at the back than in front, the androclinium consequently rising steeply from its front margin. The rostellum is usually quite long and either produced downwards for its whole length or the lower part more or less adpressed to the column and the distal part curving upwards and forwards. In agreement with this the anther is often extended in front to form a long point covering the pollinarium. The stipes is usu- ally long and slender while the viscidium is more elon- gated in shape than in sect. Hu-microcoelia. In several species the stipes is divided in the upper part, one pol- lintum being attached to each branch. 10. Microcoelia aurantiaca (Sch/echter) Summerhayes comb, nov. Gussonea aurantiaca Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. 15 (1918) 833, et in lc. Beih. 68 (1982) t. 96, no. 881. Mapaaascar: St. Marie de Madagascar Island, or mainland nearby Laggiara (not seen), On account of the column characters, particularly the sloping androclinium, the forked stipes to the pollinia and the orange color of the flowers this species seems properly placed in this section. It differs from M. H/hotu (Kinet) Summerh. in the narrower lip, the shorter spur and the [ 150 | differently shaped viscidium, and from M. dolichorrhiza (Schlitr.) Summerh. by the absence of the two plate-like calli in front of the spur mouth, the narrower, tapering spur and the widened upper ends of the branches of the stipes. 11. Microcoelia Bieleri (De Wildeman) Summerhayes comb, nov. Angraecum Bieleri De Wildeman in Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 5 (1916) 182. Gussonea Bielert Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 91. Betatan Congo: Haut Lopori, 1904, Bieler; Eala, 1905, M. Laurent 1780. I have not seen this species which is evidently allied to M. caespitosa (Rolfe) Summerh. but has larger flowers (the dorsal sepal is nearly twice as long). Untortunately the floral details are not described sufficiently to place the species more accurately. 12. Microcoelia caespitosa (Rolfe) Summerhayes in Hutchinson & Dalziel Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2 (1986) 454. Angraecum caespitosum Rolte in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. 7 (1897) 150—Rendle Cat. Talb. Nig. Pl. (1913) 146 —A. Chevalier Explor. Bot. Afr. Occ. France. 1 (1920) oY ire Angraecum crinale’ De Wildeman Not. PI. Utiles Congo (1904) 820. Angraecum Anderson Rolfe in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew (1912) 134. Gussonea caespitosa Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 91. Gussonea crinalis Schlechter l.c. Gussonea micropetala Schlechter l.c. 98, pro parte. SrerRA Leone: Jala, Sept. 1914, Bunting 77; Northern Province, [ 151 ] Roruks, July 1936, Deighton 3250; Njala, June 1927, Deighton 717. Linerta. Gbanga, Sept., Linder 603. Ivory Coast: Between Zago and Gaouloubré, May 1907, Chevalier 16340. (Also several other gatherings not seen by me). Gotp Coast: No locality, dnderson, cult. Hort. Kew. Dec. 1911; Western Province, Tarquah, Sept.—Dec. 1912, Miles; Kumasi, Cox 62, cult. Hort. Kew. May 1987. SouTHERN Nicerta: Oban District, 1911, Talbot 897. Cameroons: Efulen, Aug. 1895, Bates 353 (Tyrer); no locality, Bates. Betaran Conao: Kiri, Lake Léopold II, Nov. 19038, Laurent; Injolo, 1906, M. Laurent 1779, 1782; Eala, 1905, Pynaert 433; same locality and date, M. Laurent 1789. Evidently widely spread in western ‘Tropical Africa. M. micropetala (Schitr.) Summerh. may prove to be con- specific, but the type specimen, although not well pre- served, seems to have a shorter erect rostellum. M.caespitosa may be recognised by the short inflores- cences, long spur wider at both apex and base and the remarkable rostellum. This is deflexed at first and ad- pressed (perhaps adnate) to the column but the distal half projects forwards and upwards for an equal distance so as to be level with the anther. This upright part bears the long oblanceolate viscidium, the stipes being V-shaped to fit the rostellum and slightly widened above where the globose pollinia are attached. 13. Microcoelia deflexicalcarata (De Wildeman) Summerhayes comb. nov. Angraecum defleaicalearatum De Wildeman in Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. 5 (1916) 185. Gussonea deflexicalcarata Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 90. Betaian Conao: Injolo & Eala, 1905, M. Laurent 1776 (not seen). Schlechter places this among the long-stemmed species but the description states ‘‘ramis brevibus usque 2 cm. longis,’’ while in the other features L can detect no re- semblance to the species of Hu-gussonea. The species ap- [ 152 | pears to be allied to M. caespitosa (Rolfe) Summerh. but the perianth members are larger; the column is inade- quately described. 14. Microcoelia dolichorrhiza (Schlechter) Summer- hayes comb. nov. Angraecum dolichorrhizum Schlechter in Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, sér. ii, 1 (1913) 192, t. NOX, figs. 8-16. Gussonea dolichorrhiza Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. 38, Abt. 2 (1915) 425, et le. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 92, et in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 88 (1925) 376, et l.c. Beih. 68 (1982) t. 97, no. 385. MapaGascar: West Madagascar, Manongarivo, Ambongo, Perrier de la Bathie 1019 (12) (not seen). One of the species in which the stipes is divided in the upper part. Its most striking feature is the presence of two plate-like transverse lamellae one on each side at the mouth of the spur. 15. Microcoelia Elliotii (2’inet) Stmmerhayes comb. NOV. Listrostachys Eltotu Finet in Mém. Soc. Bot. France 9 (1907) 50, t. X, figs. 1-18. Gussonea Hltioti Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33, Abt. 2 (1915) 425, et l.c. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 92. Mapacascar: Fort Dauphin, June, Scott-Elliot 2650. Another species with a divided stipes, which, however, in the specimen of the Type Collection at Kew, is only divided in the upper half and not almost to the base as shown in Finet’s illustration. The long spur, incurved at the base and of uniform thickness throughout its en- tire length, is also characteristic. 16. Microcoelia Gilpinae (Reichenbach filius & S. Moore) Summerhayes comb. nov. Foe | Angraecum Gilpinae Reichenbach filius & S. Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 16 (1877) 206. Gussonea Gilpinae Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 21 (1885)491—Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 38, Abt. 2 (1915) 425, et lc. 84, Abt. 2 (1916) 338, et lc. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 92, et in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 88 (1925) 876. Rhaphidorrhynchus Gilpinae Kinet in Mém. Soc. Bot. France 9 (1907) 84, t. VI, figs. 38-87. MapaGascar: Antananarivo, March 1877, Gilpin (Tyre); north Madagascar, Baron 6131; Ambodiary, Warpur; Betsileoland, Baron 199; central Madagascar, Baron 1082; s.n.; Ankafana, Deans Cowan; no locality, Methuen; Deans Cowan; Imerina, Le Myre de Vilers; Cam- penon (both not seen); Maningony Forest, Sept. 1912, Perrier de la Bathie 11379; Manaroa River, Perrier 11486 (both not seen). This species may be recognised from all the other spe- cies which I have seen, with the exception of M. meli- nantha (Schitr.) Summerhayes, by the marked almost naked peduncle which is usually as long as, if not longer than, the flower-bearing part of the inflorescence. ‘The column is also remarkable, the rostellum curving up in front so as to form in continuity with the sloping andro- clinium a sickle-shaped apex to the column along which lies the stipes of the pollinia. The lip is very concave and almost impossible to flatten out while the spur is incurved for a short distance at its base; it is shorter and thicker than in M. Hlhoti (inet) Summerh. 17. Microcoelia konduensis (De Wildeman) Sum- merhayes comb, nov. Angraecum konduense De Wildeman Not. Pl. Utiles Congo (1904) 821. Gussonea konduensis Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 93. Betaian Congo: Kondue, Nov. 1903, FE. & M. Laurent (not seen). Described from such poorly preserved material that no [ 154 | details are available of many of the floral parts. It ap- pears to be arelative of M. caespitosa (Rolfe) Summerh. but may be more correctly placed in Section ITT. 18. Micrecoelia macrantha (H. Perrier) Summer- hayes comb, nov. Gussonea macrantha H. Perrier in Humbert Not. Syst. 7 (1988) 29. Mapacascar: Eastern region, near confluence of Rivers Onive and Mangoro, Feb. 1925, Perrier 17028 (1) (not seen). Kasily distinguished by the relatively large flowers, the perianth lobes being about 8 mm. long. 19. Microcoelia melinantha (Schlechter) Summer- hayes comb. nov. Gussonea melinantha Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 33 (1925) 377. MapaGascar: Central Madagascar, Mt. Zaratanana, Jan. 1923, Per- rier de la Bathie 15693 (not seen). Said to be near M. Gi/pinae (Reichb. f. & S. Moore) Summoerh., with which it has the orange flowers and dis- tinct peduncle in common, but the flowers appear from the description to be distinctly larger while the mouth of the spur is extremely narrow. 20. Microcoelia micropetala (Schlechter) Summer- hayes comb, nov. Angraccum micropetalum Schlechter in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 88 (1905) 23, fig. 6. Gussonea micropetala Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 93. Frencu Cameroons: Dja River, Sept. 1899, Schlechter 12779; Oct. 1899, Schlechter 12876; Kko-Keyoke, in Bakossi County [N.E. of Mundame}, Jan. 1900, Schlechter 12892 (Syn-Types). Very similar to JZ. caespitosa (Rolfe) Summerh., par- ticularly as regards the perianth members and the lip, but | 155 | apparently differing in column structure. From Schlecht- er’s drawings and my dissections of the type specimen, the rostellum does not possess the long decurved and ad- pressed basal portion but projects upwards from the front apex of the column; in conformity the viscidium is much shorter and there is no bend in the stipes. Section LLL. DickaNorakenia (Kinet) Summerhayes Dicranotaenita Finet in Mém. Soc. Bot. France 9 (1907) 47, pro genere. Flores mediocres; labellum pro rata magnum, + un- guiculatum, ovatum, ellipticum, suborbiculare vel subfla- bellatum, apice+emarginatum apiculo interjecto, caleari longo incurvato; columna dorso alta superne + recurvata, antice brevissima facie antica fere horizontali, clinandrio dorso valde adscendente; anthera antice longe producta; pollinii stipes longus vel perlongus, interdum superne bifidus, viscidio parvo vel minuto, saepius angusto; ros- tellum decurvatim productum, columnae fere omnino adnatum, apice liberum horizontaliter porrectum dis- tincte bilobum. Species typica sectionis:—M. dahomeensis (Kinet) Summerh. | A small but very natural group characterised by the large lip lamina distinctly narrowed at the base, the long more or less incurved spur and the peculiar column struc- ture. The column widens rapidly upwards from the base so that the back is nearly vertical or sloping steeply up- wards while the lower part of the front is nearly horizon- tal and much shorter. The androclinium is nearly vertical und, with most of the rostellum, is covered by the much elongated anther. The rostellum, which extends down the front of the column, is adnate for most of its length but projects forwards at the apex to form two acute or rounded lobes in the mouth of the spur between which [ 156 | rests the small and often narrow viscidium. As in some species of Section II the apex of the stipes (or of the two branches of the stipes) is not only widened but curved back to form a small flat or concave platform in the cen- tre of which the pollinia rest. 21. Microcoelia dahomeensis (/inet) Summerhayes in Hutchinson & Dalziel Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2 (1986) 454, Dicranotaenia dahomeensis Finet in Mém. Soe. Bot. France 9 (1907) 47, t. IX, figs. 28-88. Gussonea dahomeensis Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 92. Goip Coast: Assuantsi, Aug. 1909, Miles; Akim, Bunsu Planta- tion, Gillett. Danomey: Adja Ouéré, Le Testu 125 (Tyre not seen). Frencw Cameroons: No locality, Bates 1213. Beiaran Congo: Eala, 1925, Robyns 531. Uaanpa: Mabira Forest, April 1908, Brown 433. Evidently widely distributed throughout the forest re- gion of equatorial Africa. This species may be recognised by the divided stipes of the pollinia and the sharply in- curved spur which is swollen to form an ellipsoid sae at the apex. The lobes of the rostellum are curved slightly downwards at the very apex. 22. Microcoelia Friesii (Schlechter) Summerhayes in Orch. Rev. 47 (1989) 21, a obs. Gussonea F'riesti Schlechter in Fries Wissen. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhodes.-Kongo-Exped. 1911-12, 1 (1916) 250, fig. 26, et in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 68 (1932) t. 97, no. 386. NorTHEeRN Ruopesta: Kalambo, between Abercorn and Bismark- burg, Nov. 1911, Fries 1342. Unaccountably omitted from Schlechter’s revision of the genus. The species may be distinguished by its broad [ 157 | sub-flabellate lip and anther with not such a long point us in the other species. 23. Microcoelia Koehleri (Schlechter) Summerhayes comb, nov. Angraecum Koehleri Schlechter in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 38 (1906) 162. Gussonea Koehlerit Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 93, et in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 68 (1982) t. 97, no. 887. TANGANYIKA Terrirory: Usambara, Feb. 1899, Kéhler (not seen). This species seems to be closely allied to M. pachy- stemma Summerh., but the rostellum lobes are linear- subulate, the viscidium broadened and obtuse in front, and in other respects the description differs from that of M. pachystemma. 24. Microcoelia megalorrhiza (Reichenbach filius) Summerhayes comb. nov. Angraecum megalorrhizum Reichenbach filius Otia Bot. Hamburg. (1881) 117— Rolfe in Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. 7 (1897) 150. Gussonea megalorrhiza Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 98. Nyasatanp: Shire River valley, Dec. 1865, Waller (Type); Shibisa, R. Shire, March 1859, Kirk; no locality, Buchanan 1262. Easily distinguished by the verrucose roots. The lip lamina is narrower than in MZ. pachystemma Summerh., the rostellum lobes are more acute and the viscidium is shorter and broader. 25. Microcoelia pachystemma Swmmerhayes in Orch. Rev. 47 (1989) 21, fig. p. 28. Uaanva: Bulimezi, Kangape Forest, Maitland 121 AB. Kenya Cotony: Near Lake Victoria, March 1938, Firth (Type); Kisumu, Aug. 1938, Gray 52. [ 158 | Characterised by the slightly S-shaped spur, tapering from base to apex, the very fleshy and obtuse rostellum- lobes and the linear viscidium. OrueErR LEAFLESS ANGRAECOIDS Solenangis aphylla (Thouars) Swmmerhayes comb. NOv. Angraecum aphyllim Vhouars Fl. Hes Austr.-Afr. (1822) t. 73— Hooker Lond. Journ. Bot. 3 (1844) 482 —Reichenbach filtus in Walpers Ann. 6 (1864) 1907 —S. Moore in Baker F]. Maurit. Seych. (1877) 858— Reichenbach filius Otia Bot. Hamburg. (1881) 77— Rolfe in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. 7 (1897) 150. Gussonea aphylla A.Richard in Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 4 (1828) 68 [Orch. Hles France et Bourb. 76, t. 11, fig. 1]—Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 21 (1885) 492—Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33, Abt. 2 (1915) 424, et lc. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 90, et in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 33 (1925) 374—Per- rier de la Bathie in Humbert Not. Syst. 7 (1988) 31. Saccolabium aphyllum Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl. (1838) 228. Mystacidium aphyllum Durand & Schinz Consp. FI. Atr. 5 (1892) 51—Cordemoy FI]. He Réunion (1895) 219. Angraecum Wakefieldii Rolte in Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. 7 (1897) 146, partim. Rhaphidorrhynchus aphyllus Finet in Mém. Soc. Bot. France 9 (1907) 35, t. VII, figs. 1-2. Angraccum defolatum Schlechter in Ann. Mus. Col. Marseille, sér. iii, 1 (1913) 191, t. XX, fig. A 1-7. Gussonea defolata Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33, Abt. 2 (1915) 425, et lc. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 90, et in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 33 (1925) 375, et l.c. Beih. 68 (1982) t. 96, no. 384. [ 159 | Microcoelia aphylla Summerhayes in Bull. Mise. In- form. Kew (1986) 288, i obs. Kenya Cotony: Mombasa, Kirk; Mombasa, Nov. 1884, Wakefield (in part); Arabuko, Graham 1637; Giryama & Tsimba Mts., 1887, Taylor. TANGANYIKA T'errirory: Msassaui, in fruit March 1939, Vaughan 2765; same locality, Sept. 1939, Vaughan 2874. Mozampigur: Mandera, Sacleur 989; 1244; Quilimane, Le Testu 460; 823 (all not seen), Macrrrivs: No locality, Thouars; Bouton; Boivin (not seen) ; around Flacq and on Montagne Longue, Bojer (not seen). Reunion: R. Saint-Denis, Cordemoy (not seen). Mapaaascar: Nosi-Komba I., Dec. 1879, Hildebrandt 3256; N.W. coast, Baron 6375; Mahanoro, Perrier de la Bathie 14198; Manonga- rivo, Perrier 1938 (22); Fort Dauphin, Decorse; Nossi-Bé, Pervillé; Boivin 2015; no locality, Richard (last five not seen). As already mentioned in my introductory remarks, I do not see how this species can be separated from Solen- angis so far as the floral structure is concerned. In habit it has long climbing stems and short inflorescences which closely resemble those of Solenangis clavata (Rolfe) Schltr. The lip lamina is more strongly developed but the column and pollinia are much the same as in the leafy species of the genus. In S.aphylla the leaf bases are much better developed than in the other leafless species in- cluded above in Microcoelia. Solenangis cornuta (Ridley) Swmmerhayes comb. Nov. Gussonea cornuta Ridley in Journ. Bot. Lond. 28 (1885) 810—Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 91—Perrier de la Bathie in Humbert Not. Syst. 7 (1988) 30. Angraecum cornutum Reichenbach filius in Flora 68 (1885) 538. Angraecum cyclochilum Schlechter in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 88 (1906) 160. [ 160 | Rhaphidorrhynchus cornutus Finet in Mém. Soc. Bot. France 9 (1907) 34, t. VI, figs. 88-42. Gussonea cyclochila Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33, Abt. 2 (1915) 425, et lc. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 92, et in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 33 (1925) 374, et l.c. Beih. 68 (1982) t. 96, no. 383. Comoro IsLtanps: Grand Comoro, Combani Forest, Sept. 1884, Hum- blot 238 (Tyrr). Mapagascar: Rigny Bay, Boivin 2278; Sainte-Marie, Boivin 2349; Moratenobe, Decary 2346; Namoroka, Ambongo, Dec. 1926, Perrier 17829; Marofondalia, near Morondava, Nov., Perrier 1841; near An- tananarivo, Bang (all not seen). There seems little doubt that Perrier de la Bathie is correct in considering Gussonea cornuta Ridl. and An- graecum cylochilum Schltr. to be conspecific. iS. cornuta differs from S. aphylla (Thouars) Summerh. in the fewer- flowered inflorescences, the more or less orbicular lip lamina retuse at the apex, the spur tapering towards the apex, the more acute rostellum lobes and the longer stipes to the pollinia. In general features it conforms well with the genus So/enangis except that the lip lamina is better developed. The tour species S. elavata (Rolfe) Schitr., S. scandens (Schitr.) Schltr., SS. aphylla (Thouars) Sum- merh. and iS. cornuta (Ridl.) Summerh. form a series in which the lip lamina is progressively well developed in comparison with the uniformly large spur. Encheiridion Summerhayes gen. nov. Epiphytica, aphylla. Caulis brevissimus, radices nu- merosas simplices flexuosas emittens, apice cataphyllis imbricantibus subcartilagineis obtectus. L2florescentiae ex axillis cataphyllorum ortae, simpliciter racemosae, mul- tiflorae; pedunculus brevis; bracteae brevissimae, vagi- nantes. #Vores alternati, parvuli, breviter pedicellati. Sepala et petala vix patentia, lateralia obliqua, petalis quam sepalis paulo latioribus. Labellim trilobatum ; lobi laterales parvi, erecti, acuti; lobus intermedius multo major, ex ungue brevi transverse elliptico-oblongus, apice late retusus apiculo interjecto, marginibus breviter lacer- atis; calear basi dependens, triente apicali valde incur- vatum, apice valde inflatum. Co/uwmna brevis, apice trun- ‘ata sed dorso in apiculum producta, androclinio fere horizontali; anthera hemisphaerica, antice in rostrum triangulare breve producta; pollinia globosa, stipite uno perlongo angustissimo apice valde dilatato, viscidio line- ari-ligulato stipite multo breviore; rostellum horizontale, ornithorrhynchum, columna duplo vel triplo longius, marginibus recurvatis, viscidio amoto apice per 1.5 mm. longo bipartitum. EK. macrorrhynchium (Schitr.) Sum- Species unica: merh. Encheiridion macrorrhynchium (Schlechter) Sum- merhayes comb, nov. Angraecum macrorrhynchium Schlechter in’ Engler Bot. Jahrb. 88 (1905) 22. Gussonea macrorrhynchia Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 98, et in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Beih. 68 (1982) t. 97, no. 388. Microcoelia macrorrhynchia Summerhayes in Hutch- inson & Dalziel Fl. West. Trop. Afr. 2 (1936) 454. Gotp Coast: Pamu Berekum, Sept. 1982, Vigne 2490. Frencu Cameroons: Dja R., Oct. 1899, Schlechter 12785 (not seen) (Type); Ja River, Bitye, near the Ndu River, Sept. 1918, Bates 1429. Gapon: Upper Ogoué River, ‘Tomisimba, May 1931, Le Testu 8801. The above remarkable plant must, in my opinion, be removed from Microcoelia and torm a new genus. The characteristic features are the curiously shaped trilobed lip and the column structure, particularly the long hori- zontal rostellum which is two to three times as long as the column. There is some doubt as to the exact inter- pretation of the lip structure. Schlechter treats the two [ 162 ] upright triangular structures, one on each side of the spur opening, as two parts of a bifid callus and as the base of the front lobe is decurrent around the outside of these, there is some justification for this view. The *‘side lobes, ’ however, are quite separate from one another and in his view should be treated as two calli, comparable to those in such diverse genera as MWulophia and Diplacorchis. 1 have described recently (in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 10 (1942) 286) a Polystachya in which the true lateral lobes are decurrent in front on to the middle lobe so that the structures in A/ncheiridion macrorrhynchiuim may be homologous with those in this Polystachya. In support of this we have the fact that paired calli are extremely uncommon in the Angraecoid orchids, although they are recorded tor Microcoelia dolichorrhiza (Schltr. ) Summerh. In that case they are transversely placed and there is no other resemblance between that species and the species under discussion. In column structure the species is far removed from any Microcoelia. he androclinium is almost horizontal and in that respect agrees with that in sect. Mu-micro- cocla of that genus, but the long rostellum is very dis- tinct. This bears at its apex a narrow viscidium about 1.5 mm. long which is apparently more or less continuous with the stipes and not markedly articulated with it as inmost Angraecoids. The anther is only shortly produced in front and does not cover the whole of the stipes as in most Microcoelias. Chauliodon Swnmerhayes gen. nov. Epiphytica, aphylla. Calis brevis vel brevissimus, radices numerosas simplices vel pauciramosas flexuosas emittens, apice cataphyllis acuminatis praeditus. [7flores- centiae ex axillis cataphyllorum ortae, simpliciter racemo- sae, laxiuscule multiflorae; bracteae parvae, vaginantes. [ 163 ] Flores alternati, mediocres, longiuscule pedicellati. Se- pala obovato-oblonga, lateralia valde obliqua. Petala quam sepala breviora et angustiora. Labellum ad calear fere omnino redactum; lamina minuta, dentiformis, levi- ter recurvata, ante calear callo erecto dentiformi acuto instructa; calcar basi valde inflatum, medio anguste cy- lindricum, dimidio vel triente apicali subito inflexum levi- ter inflatum. Columna interne inclinata, superne recur- vata, apice dilatata; androclinium dorso adscendens; anthera cucullata, antice longe et acute rostrata; pollinia ellipsoidea, infra apicem stipitis affixa, stipite inferne gracili superne valde dilatato pollinia fere amplectente, viscidio parvo triangulari secus medium convexo dorso truncato; rostellum + deflexum, modice productum, acu- tum vel obtusum, viscidio amoto breviter bifidum. Species unica:—C, Buntingu Summerh. Chauliodon Buntingii Swmmerhayes sp. nov. Planta epiphytica, aphylla; caulis usque ad 2.5 cm. longus, circiter 0.8 mm. diametro, radices simplices vel pauciramosas flexuosas sulcatas laeves 1-1.5 mm. diame- tro emittens, cataphyllis lanceolatis acutis vel acuminatis subcartilagineis instructus. Inflorescentiae graciles, usque ad 25 cm. longae, basi vaginis arctis circumdatae, inferne vaginis arctis distantibus instructae, superne laxe vel lax- iuscule multiflorae; rhachis teres, laevis; bracteae vagi- nantes, acutae, usque ad 3 mm. longae. Mores erecto- patentes, brunneo-rosei; pedicellus (ovario incluso) 2-8 mm. supra internodium exortus, fere filiformis, 10-18 mm. longus. Sepalwm intermedium obovato-oblongum, apiculatum, coneavum, 8.5—4.5 mm. longum, 1.75—-2.25 mm. latum, trinervium; sepala lateralia dimidio inferiore recta, oblonga, dimidio superiore valde obliqua, ovata, apiculata, latere antico dilatata, circiter 5 mm. longa et 2.5 mm. lata, trinervia. Petala oblique lanceolata, acu- [ 164 ] minata, 8-4 mm. longa, circiter 1 mm. lata, uninervia. Labellum tere ad calear redactum:; lamina minuta, re- curvata, dentiformis, circiter 0.5 mm. longa, ante calear ‘allo erecto dentiformi acuto antice anguste alato postice sectione V-formi circiter 2mm. alto instructa; calcar pro rata magnum, triente basali valde inflatum ore 3.38 mm. latum, triente intermedia anguste cylindricum, tum sub- ito incurvatum angustatum, triente apical leviter adscen- dente modice inflatum, apice ipso leviter recurvatum, sub- obtusum, in toto 12-14 mm. longum. Coluwmna interne inclinata, superne recurvata, circiter 8 mm. alta; andro- clinium dorso adscendens, excavatum;: anthera cucullata, antice sensim angustata, longiuscule rostrata, apice ipso breviter recurvata, 8.8 mm. longa; pollinia ellipsoidea, 0.8-1 mm. longa, 0.6—0.8 mm. infra apicem stipitis in- serta, stipite dimidio inferiore angusto superne valde dil- atato pollinia fere amplectente circiter 8 mm. longo, vis- cidio minuto triangulari antice subacuto postice truncato secus medium convexo, 0.2 mm. longo; rostellum decur- vatum, modice productum, acutum vel obtusum, apice ipso leviter adscendens, viscidio amoto breviter bifidum. Linerta: Mt. Barclay, June 1912, Bunting 9 (Tyee in Herb. Mus. Brit. ). SouTHERN Nicerta: Eket District, 1912-13, Valbot 3287. This very remarkable plant was unfortunately over- looked when the Flora of West Tropical Africa was pre- pared. The general organisation indicates a relationship to Micrococlia Lindl., especially the leafless habit, very short stems, adnation of the base of the pedicel to the rhachis, column structure and common stipes to the pol- lintum. The distinctive features are the lip lamina re- duced to a tooth-like point and the tall erect acute callus placed just in front of the spur mouth; the generic name is given in allusion to this. This callus is keeled on the outside and hollow towards the column the two sides [ 165 | diverging and making the callus V-shaped in transverse section. The stipes of the pollinarium is broadened in the upper half to form a flattened plate which is wrapped around the greater part of the pollinia; these arise some distance below the apex on a slightly less sloping or hor- izontal portion of the widened area. ‘These features are developed to a much less extent in some of the species of the section Dicranotaenia ot Microcoelia. Taeniorrhiza Swmmerhayes gen. nov. Epiphytica, aphylla. Caulis brevissimus, radices paucas compressas (vel late bialatas) taeniolis similes emittens, apice cataphyllis longe caudato-acuminatis praeditus. [7- Horescentiae ex axillis cataphyllorum ortae, uniflorae ; pe- dunculus brevis, apice bracteis duabus instructus. Fores pro rata magni, modice pedicellati. Sepala ovato-lanceo- lata, lateralia majora et obliqua. Peta/a curvatim lanceo- lato-ligulata, ut sepala + patentia. Labellum e basi an- gusta subito dilatatum, orbiculari-ovatum, apice retusum, ecallosum sed nervis valde incrassatis; calear leviter re- curvatum vel fere rectum ex ore latiusculo usque ad api- cem sensim attenuatum, postice cum lateribus columnae pedi adnatum. Columna inclinata, apice truncata, pede brevi instructa, superne semiteres, marginibus inferne alatis in calear decurrentibus; androclinium anguste ex- ‘avatum, dorso adscendens; anthera non visa; pollinia oblique ellipsoidea, infra stipitis apicem affixa, stipite uno inferne tereti superne valde dilatato = oblique cupulari pollinia fere amplectente, viscidio carnoso ovato; rostel- lum porrectum, triangulare, acutum, viscidio amoto fere omnino bifidum; fovea stigmatica fere orbicularis. Species unica:— 7". gabonensis Summerh. Taeniorrhiza gabonensis Summerhayes sp. nov. Planta epiphytica, humilis, aphylla; caulis brevissimus, usque ad 2 cm. longus, 8-5 mm. diametro, radices paucas [ 166 | flexuosas simplices vel pauciramosas carnosas Compressas vel late bialatas taeniolis similes virides usque ad 40 ¢m. longas 6-9 mm. latas emittens, apice cataphyllis e basi lanceolata longe caudato-acuminatis recurvatis subcarti- lagineis 5-8 mm. longis praeditus. Lflorescentiae breves, uniflorae; pedunculus teres, crassiusculus, circiter 1 em. longus, basi vaginis acutis arcte imbricantibus, apice bracteis duabus interiore sterili longe acuminatis instruc- tus. Fores brunnei; pedicellus cum ovario circiter 2.25 cm. longus, bracteam multo superans. Sepa/wm interme- dium lanceolato-ovatum, apice breviter acuminatum et cucullatum, 13 mm. longum, 8—8.5 mm. latum: sepala lateralia quam intermedium tere duplo majora, oblique lanceolato-ovata, breviter acuminato-apiculata, margine antica inferne valde dilatata, circiter 17 mm. longa et 9.5 mm. lata; omnia sepala trinervia, nervis exterioribus ra- mosis. Peta/a oblique vel fere sinuatim lanceolato-ligu- lata, acuta, circiter 14 mm. longa, 8.5-4 mm. lata, tri- nervia. Labellum e basi angustata fere unguiculata subito dilatatum, suborbiculari-ovatum, apice retusum apiculo interjecto, marginibus sinuato-subcrenatis, circiter 18 mm. longum et 19.25 mm. latum, ecallosum sed nervis ramosis incrassatis ; calcar leviter recurvatum vel fere rec- tum, ex ore circiter 4.5 mm. diametro sensim angustatum, apice subacutum, postice basi columnae pedi adnatum. Columna inclinata, apice truncata, 6 mm, alta, sectione semi-tereti, marginibus inferne alatis in pedem 4.5 mm. longum productis calcari adnatis; androclinium dorso ad- scendens; anthera non visa; pollinia oblique ellipsoidea, 1.5 mm. longa, 1.2 mm. infra stipitis apicem affixa;: stipes trientibus duobus inferioribus teres, triente apicali valde dilatatus, fere cupularis postice cupulae margine humili- ore, pollinia fere amplectens, in toto 4.7 mm. longus, su- perne 2.75 mm. latus; viscidium ovatum, carnosum, 1.8 mm. longum, 1.4 mm. latum. subtus excavatum; rostel- [ 167 ] lum porrectum, triangulare, acutum, 2mm. longum, vis- cidio amoto fere omnino bifidum; fovea stigmatica fere orbicularis. Gabon: Upper Ngounyé River, Mourindou, Oct. 1926, Le Testu 6357 (Tver in Herb. Le Testu). This remarkable plant stands alone among African orchids in its flattened green roots, similar to those in Phalaenopsis, Kingiella and other Asiatic genera. Other distinctive features are the single-flowered inflorescences, the striking lip and the column structure. The lip, with its numerous thickened branching veins is more reminis- cent of certain species of u/ophia than of an Angraecoid and this resemblance is carried further in the marked col- umn foot. The sides of the column are carried down in the form of wings onto the foot where they are joined to the margins of the spur opening. The lateral sepals also arise on the foot. The pollinarium shows certain features in common with that of Chauliodon, described above, but here the flattened apical part of the stipes forms a shal- low cup, with a low break in the rim on the posticous side, but almost completely enveloping the pollinia which are attached toward the base of the cup. The viscidium is massive and fleshy and fits under the triangular rostellum. Ankylocheilos Suwmmerhayes gen. nov. Epiphytica, aphylla. Cau/is brevissimus, radices flexu- osas simplices emittens. Inflorescentiae erectae, superne pauciflorae; bracteae minutae. //ores minuti, patentes, breviter pedicellati. Sepala et petala usque ad supra me- dium connata, inter se similia, parte libera lanceolata ovata, subacuta. Labellum liberum, ambitu lanceolatum, superne profunde cucullatum, apice ipso inflexum acutis- simum, basi utrinque dilatatum, obscure trilobatum ; cal- ‘ar fere globosum, ore antice callo carnoso fere occlusum. Columna brevissima, truncata, antice utrinque lobo ellip- [ 168 | tico porrecto instructa; androchnium excavatum; an- thera = quadriloba, lobis hemisphaericis duobus posticis quam anticis plus duplo majoribus; pollinia oblique py- riformia, stipite brevissimo, viscidio fere semiorbiculari. Species unica: —A. Cov Summerh. Ankylocheilos Coxiti Swmmerhayes sp. nov. Planta epiphytica, minuta, aphylla. Caudis brevissimus, usque ad 0.5 cm. longus, radices flexuosas teretes laeves usque ad 4 cm. longas, 1 mm. diametro emittens. J7- Hlorescentiae erectae, usque ad 1.5 cm. altae, dimidio su- periore subdense 3—6-florae; pedunculus gracilis, teres: bracteae ovatae, obtusae, circiter 0.5 mm. longae. Flores patentes, aurantiaci, breviter pedicellati. Sepala et petala subsimilia, sed lateralia leviter obliqua, e basi usque ad supra medium inter se connata, in toto circiter 1.5 mm. longa et 0.5 mm. lata; sepali pars libera lanceolata, ob- tusa, apice leviter recurvata; petali pars libera triangu- lari-ovata, subacuta: omnia tepala uninervia. Labellum liberum e basi dilatata et obscure trilobata ambitu lan- ceolatum, acutum, superne propter margines ad medium inflexas connatas longe (vel profunde) cucullatum, apice inflexo acutissimo; calcar fere globosum, 0.6 mm. dia- metro et longum, ore antice callo carnoso semilunato fere oeclusum. Coluwmna brevissima, 0.4 mm. alta, truncata, antice utrinque lobo elliptico (/stelidio) porrecto 0.4 mm. longo instructa; androclinium excavatum, reclinatum; anthera opercularis, = quadriloba, lobis hemisphaericis duobis anticis minoribus leviter cucullatis; pollinia 0.25 mm. longa, stipite brevissimo crasso columnari, viscidio fere semiorbiculari antice rotundato postice latissime cu- neato 0.2 mm. lato; rostellum breviter productum, ob- tusum. Gotp Coast: Aburi, April 1938, Cor 92. Described from five specimens in liquid preservative. [ 169 } The specific epithet is given in honor of the collector, Mr. J. K. Cox, of the Gold Coast Department of Agri- culture, who has paid special attention to the orchids of that colony and has made several other interesting dis- coveries. The whole plant is only a few centimetres long and high and could easily be overlooked. This remarkable species, although possessing the habit of the smaller species of Microcoelia has several very dis- tinctive features, among which are the unition of the tepals, the extraordinary lip and the structure of the col- umn. No Angraecoid orchid has previously been recorded in which the tepals are united to form a tube as in the plant here considered. The lip is reminiscent of that of Liparis tridens Kraenzl., but in A. Cox the inflexed margins are actually connate so as to form a deep narrow hood rather like the finger of a glove; the apex is in- curved to form a sharp slender hook, hence the generic name. At the mouth of the spur there is a platform-like semilunate callus which projects inwards so as to leave only a very small opening against the column front. The very short column bears at its front corners two flap-like lobes projecting forwards in a vertical plane. Between these is the obtuse rostellum bearing the relatively large viscidium from the centre of which arises the short mas- sive stipes. The anther has two erect rounded posticous lobes, each one containing the greater part of a pollinium, while in front there are two similar but smaller lobes be- tween which is a slit through which the pollinia are at- tached to the stipes. The whole structure is so minute that it was only with difficulty that the details could be elucidated. [170 ] NOMENCLATORIAL NOTE ON A SOUTH AMERICAN ORCHID BY CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH The following note is the result of intensive studies on the orchid flora of Peru. Batemannia Colleyi Lindley in Bot. Reg. 20 (18384) t. 1714—W..J. Hooker in Bot. Mag. 67 (1840) t. 8818— Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 3, pt. 5 (1902) 473, t. 94, HesTs Lycaste Colley: Hort. ex J.E.Planchon Hort. Donat. (1855) 16. Mawillaria Colley: Hort. ex J. K. Planchon Hort. Donat. (1855) 16. Petronia regia Rodrigues Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1 (1877) 107. Batemania Petronia Rodrigues in Vellosia ed. 2, 1 (1891) 131. Batemania peruviana Rolfe in Kew Bull. (1895) 198. Except for Batemania peruviana, all of the foregoing concepts have already been reduced to B. Colleyi. On the evidence of a photograph of the type of Bate- mania peruviana, together with the description, it 1s ap- parent that this concept is also reducible to 2B. Colley: as beautifully delineated in the Botanical Register, t. 1714. There is in general no morphological difference between these concepts. B. Colley is described and shown as having oblong-spatulate lateral sepals, whereas these parts are oblong in B. peruviana. However, this ‘‘spat- ulate’’ appearance in the case of B. Colleyi is undoubt- edly due to the subconduplicate lower portion of the lateral sepals—a character which is also ascribed to B. [ 171 | peruviana. Moreover, the several collections of B. Col- feyi in the Ames Herbarium from British Guiana (the type locality of that species) and from nearby Trinidad show lateral sepals which are truly oblong and not in any sense spatulate when expanded. Furthermore, the al- leged color of the flowers appears to be very similar in the two concepts. Considerable variation in size of the floral segments is shown by specimens of Batemannia Colley: from British Giuliana, ‘Trinidad and Brazil. Indeed recent collections from Peru exhibit even larger flowers which are often more fleshy in consistency. One Peruvian collection, Klug 1441, has somewhat narrower petals than usual and approximates the form depicted in the Botanical Maga- zine t. 8818. Since the original spelling of the genus is Batemannia, it is in the spirit of modern practice to conserve this spell- ing, even considering the fact that the spelling Batemania was pointed out as orthographically preferable by End- licher in 1886. This species appears to be rather widespread through- out northern South America, having been recorded from British Guiana (type), Trinidad, Brazil and Peru. [172 | BOTANICAL MUSEUM LEAFLETS HARVARD UNIVERSITY CamBringr, Massacnusetts, Fresruary 7, 1944 VoL. 11, No. 6 NOTES ON TROPICAL AMERICAN ORCHIDS BY CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH AS A RESULT OF studies on the orchids of the Ameri- ‘an tropics, the following nomenclatorial notes, com- ments, amplifications and new varieties have been deemed advisable. Fuertesiella pterichoides Schlechter in Urban Symb. Antill. 7 (1913) 493. Cranichis grandiflora Ames & Schweinfurth in Sched. Orch. 8 (1925) 8, fig. 2. Fuertesiella grandiflora Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 21 (1925) 331. A careful comparison of the type collection of Crani- chis grandiflora with an isotype collection of Huertesiella pterichoides shows that the two species are synonymous. In this collection of Muertesiella pterichoides, one plant which is considerably taller than Cranichis grandiflora has a leaf about 8.7 cm. long with a petiole about 4.5 em. long, while another plant which is but slightly taller than C. grandiflora has a leaf about 2.3 em. long with a petiole about 1.7 em. long. C. grandiflora has a leat al- most mid-way between these extremes, the lamina being about 3 cm. long with the petiole about 1.5 cm. long. The flowers of Cranichis grandiflora appear to be slightly larger than those of Muertesiella pterichoides. | 173 | f HARVARD UNIVERSITY | LIBRARY } , FEB & 1944 ee, A variation in the shape of the leaf of this concept, which is commonly ovate or ovate-cordate, appears in a recently examined Cuban collection (Brother Hioram 7615) in which the lamina is narrowly elliptic with a cu- neate base and is nearly 5 cm. long and 1.4 em. wide. Fuertesiella pterichoides has been reported only from Santo Domingo, while Cranichis grandiflora originates in Oriente Province, Cuba. Ponthieva diptera Linden & Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 2 (1854) 278. Ponthieva dicliptera Reichenbach filius in Flora 69 (1886) 548. Ponthieva elata Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 7 (1920) 68; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 20, nr. 738. The type description of Ponthieva dicliptera appears to agree well with isotype material of P. diptera and with a drawing from the Reichenbach Herbarium at Vienna. Reichenbach states that P. diptera has two calli near the apex of the lip instead of one, thus differing from P. di- cliptera. However, both the drawing of typical P. dip- tera and several collections referred to that species show a single retuse callus. The concept Ponthieva elata seems to be only a vege- tatively larger form of P. diptera, which, despite Schlecht- er’s assertion to the contrary, has petals very like those of P. diptera. This species, which was originally recorded from Co- lombia, has been found in Cuba and lately in Peru. Pleurothallis Dinotherii Reichenbach fillus & Warscewicz in Bonpl. 2 (1854) 114, non P. Dinotheru Reichenbach filius sensu Lindley Fol. Orch. Pleurothal- lis (1859) 82, no. 191. [174] Pleurothallis diptera Vaindley Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis (1859) 44, no. 279. Humboldtia Dinothern’ O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 667. Humboldtia diptera O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 667. Pleurothalls tricaudata Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beith. 9 (1921) 77; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 115,. nr. 451, Judging by the type description of P. Dinotheru to- gether with records of that species from the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna, it would seem that the description of P. Dinotheru given by Lindley (1.c.) represents a dif- ferent concept. Lindley’s material apparently had broad- er sepals and a dissimilar lip. As represented by a photograph of the type, Plewro- thallis diptera differs trom P. Dinotherii in the smaller size of the leaves and the possibly greater length of the sepals. The latter organs are of precisely the same form in the two concepts. The lateral sepals, however, are de- scribed and figured as deflexed in P. Dinotheri, while in P. diptera some of the lateral sepals are only slightly decurved. In the absence of definite or striking morpho- logical characters, however, all attempts to separate P. diptera from P. Dinotherii satistactorily seem futile. Dr. Kriinzlin originally reterred to Pleurothallis diptera the collection (IWeberbauer 6827) which was later made by Schlechter the type of P. tricaudata. Atter examin- ing material of this Weberbauer number which was seen by both Krénzlin and Schlechter, [ am convinced that Kriinzlin was correct in referring the collection to P. diptera. Indeed, the only discrepancies between the two concepts Is that the flowers of the Weberbauer collection have a lip which is broadly cuneate, rather than subcor- date, below. Pleurothallis divaricans Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. 10 (1912) 887; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beth. 58 (1980) t. 80, nr. 120. In several collections from Peru which are certainly referable to this species, some discrepancies trom the orig- inal description and floral analysis are noted. The stems (described as 4-7 cm. long) range from 8.5 to 10 em. long; the elliptic-lanceolate mature leaves (normally much longer) are occasionally only 8.5 cm. long; the inflorescences (described as little shorter than the leaves) often more or less surpass the leaves; the petals are ob- long-oblanceolate or oblong-spatulate and more or less acute (rather than oblong-ligulate and obtuse); and the lip when expanded is rhombic-obovate and abruptly nar- rowed above to an acute or apiculate apex (not subor- bicular). All of these collections came from near the type local- ity at altitudes ranging from 1200 to 1700 meters. Pleurothallis macrorhiza Lindley in Hooker Journ. Bot. 1 (1884) 9: Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis (1859) 43, no. 273. Humboldtia macrorhiza O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 667. ¢ Pleurothallis Millet Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 15 (1917) 52, non Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 14 (1915) 131. Pleurothallis rhizomatosa Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 8 (1921) 62; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 84, nr. 327. Judging by the description (without any actual rec- ord), it appears very probable that the concept described as Pleurothallis Millet by Schlechter in 1917 is referable to P. macrorhiza. It seems to differ, however, in having narrower leaves and somewhat smaller flowers. [ 176 ] The concept P. rhizomatosa (of which I have seen iso- type material) is surely referable to P. macrorhiza, of which we have a record of the type. Its flowers appear to be of about the same size, and its petals are oblong- cuneate like those of P. macrorhiza rather than obovate- spatulate as described and figured for P. rhizomatosa. A Peruvian collection (Macbride & Featherstone 2455) is also referable to P. macrorhiza, but has larger (espe- cially broader) leaves and the obovate-spatulate petals described and figured for P. rhizomatosa. This species, described from and probably rather fre- quent in Ecuador, is now recorded from Peru. Pleurothallis semipellucida Reichenbach filius in Linnaea 22 (1849) 823—Lindley Fol. Orch. Pleurothal- lis (1859) 7, no. 27. Humboldtia semipellucida O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 668. Pleurothallis complicata Rolfe in Mem. ‘Torr. Bot. Club 6 (1896) 121. An examination of isotype material of Plewrothallis complicata shows that it should not be separated from P. semipellucida. The single noteworthy difference is that typical P. semipellucida has petals which are distinctly clavate and more or less obtuse at the much-thickened apex (although they vary in degree even in a single col- lection), while those of P. complicata are linear and but very slightly broadened above. A large series of Peruvian collections reterable to P. semipellucida shows a range of petals varying from con- spicuously clavate and much-thickened to linear and scarcely dilated or thickened above. This species, described from Venezuela, occurs in ‘Trin- idad, appears to be frequent and widely distributed in Peru, and extends to Bolivia (as P. complicata). [ 177 | Pleurothallis xanthochlora Reichenbach filius in Linnaea 22 (1849) 823—Lindley Fol. Orch. Pleurothal- lis (1859) 7, no. 26. Humboldtia wanthochlora O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 668. Pleurothallis huanucoensis Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 75; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 114, nr. 448. It seems to me that Pleurothallis huanucoensis cannot be separated from P. wanthochlora. The only significant difference between these concepts is that P. huanucoensis has erect racemes of white flowers, whereas P. wantho- chlora has divaricate racemes of greenish yellow flowers. The lip of P. wanthochlora appears to vary from having a distinct lateral tooth on each side to being subentire or even entire in outline. Peruvian collections referable to this species have flowers ranging from greenish white to pale yellow. Although the type of P. wanthochlora was described from Venezuela, several Peruvian collections have since been made. Diothonea gratissima Peichenbach filius in Bot. Zeit. 10 (1852) 772, ampl. C. Schweinfurth. Unfortunately, this species was so inadequately de- scribed that it is impossible to gain a definite conception of it from the original source alone and no subsequent amplification has appeared. In the Ames Herbarium, however, there are records from the Reichenbach Her- barium in Vienna which undoubtedly represent the type of D. gratissima; and these, except for slight discrepan- cies in some of the lips give a fairly definite idea of a concept which has been widely referred to in literature. For purposes of clarification, therefore, | herewith give the following amplified description. [ 178 | Stems stout, often much branched, entirely concealed by loose cylindric leaf-sheaths. Leaves numerous, dis- tichous, spreading, oblong-linear, abruptly bilobulate at the apex, up to 6 cm. long. Inflorescence terminal, race- mose, more or less recurved, several-flowered. Flowers ‘ampanulate. Dorsal sepal ovate, acute. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate. Petals lan- ceolate-ovate, acute or acuminate. Lip round-obovate, more or less lobed in front, retuse at the apex, commonly biauriculate and more or less cuneate at the concave base. Column short, curved, with the lateral wings adnate be- low to the base of the lip. In the original description no hint as to the source of the plant is given. The words, ‘‘ Leipzig, in Mauricia- num, ’* which are cited, seem to imply that the species was described trom a garden specimen. We have a record (as stated above) of a dried plant together with floral analyses labelled Diothonea gratissima trom the Reichen- bach Herbarium in Vienna. Yet, Schlechter (in Fedde Repert. Beih. 8 (1921) 66) says **Das Original der D. gra- tissima Rehb.f. befindet sich im Dahlem-Herbar. Es ist von Humboldt und Bonpland aut dem Quindiu-Passe in Colombia gesammelt. ”’ Diothonea nutans (Lind/.) C. Schweinfurth comb. NOV. Hemiscleria nutans Lindley Fol. Orch. Hemiscleria (1853), p. 1. spidendrum Hemiscleria Reichenbach filius in Walp- ers Ann. 6 (1862) 8838. Hpidendrum rhopalorhachis Kriinzlin in Fedde Repert. 1 (1905) 180. Following Bentham & Hooker ft. (Gen. Pl. 8 (1888) 523), it seems to me that the concept forming the mono- typic genus Hemiscleria should be included in Diothonea. [179] Theretore, the new combination Diothonea nutans is proposed. The concept, Mpidendrum rhopalorhachis, has already been referred to Hemiscleria nutans (Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 145). As far as known, this species is restricted to Peru. Laelia moyobambae (Sch/tr.) C. Schweinfurth comb. nNOv. Schomburghia Moyobambae Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. Beih. 9 (1921) 97; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Re- pert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 128, nr. 482. In accordance with the recently suggested policy of including the concept Schomburgkia (1888) in the older genus Laelia (1831)', | hereby make the necessary trans- fers of this and the following Peruvian species: Laelia Weberbaueriana (A7iinz/.) C. Schweinfurth comb, nov. Schomburghia Weberbaueriana Kriinzlin in’ Engler Bot. Jahrb. 87 (1906) 527. Scaphyglottis Antonii Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 78: ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 115, nr. 453. Scaphyglottis loretoensis Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 79 (as loretorensis): ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 116, nr. 454. Judging by a careful comparison of the type descrip- tions of these two concepts, the only difference between them lies in vegetative size. Whereas Scaphyglottis An- tonu is described as being 25-85 cm. tall with slender- cylindric stems up to 18 em. long, S. doretoensis is cited 'L. O. Williams in Darwiniana 5 (1941) 74. [ 180 | as being 8-12 cm. tall with narrowly fusiform stems up to 4 em. long. The leaves of the two forms appear to be closely similar and the flowers are nearly identical. However, a Peruvian collection (Avllip & Smith 23625) which I refer to S. Antoni, consists of one small plant which is a good match tor S. /oretoensis (only with slen- der stems), together with other plants which are about 35 em. high as in S. Antoni. The flowers of these plants are inseparable. Judging by the frequent conspicuous degree of var- iation in the vegetative proportions shown by plants of a single species in Scaphyglottis, it seems to be the wise course to consider S. /oretoensis as merely a small form of S. Antoni. Scaphyglottis cuneata Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 398. Isochilus prolifer R. Br. in Aiton Hort. Kew. ed. 2, pt. 5 (1813) 209, excl. synon.— Lindley in Bot. Reg. 10 (1824) t. 825, nee Epidendrum proliferum Sw., nec Cymbidium proliferum Sw. Tsochilus proliferum Windley Gen. & Sp. Orch. PI. (1831) 118, excl. synon. in part. Scaphyglottis prolifera Cogniaux in Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5 (1898) 15. Tetragamestus gracilis Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 400. Scaphyglottis Wercklec Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 19 (1928) 28. Scaphyglottis gracilis Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 19 (1928) 28. Ponera mapiriensis Krinzlin in Fedde Repert. 25 (1928) 22. Scaphyglottis Werekle: Schitr. var. major C. Schwein- furth in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 4 (1987) 117. [ 181 ] The widespread species known as Scaphyglottis proli- Sera, illustrated by Lindley (as Isochilus prolifer, |. c.) is an entirely different plant from Mpidendrum prolifer- um Sw., upon which it was erroneously based. This con- cept, consequently, must have a new name. The next oldest designation not founded on Lpidendrum prolifer- um is selected, namely iS. cuneata. Except for Scaphyglottis Wercklei and its variety, the above names have already been reduced to synonymy (Correll in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 9 (1941) 148). Scaphyglottis Werckle: differs trom the typical form of S. cuneata only in lacking a callus on the lip. This structure, however, seems to be extremely variable when it is present and may be quite inconspicuous or lacking in certain collections. It seems advisable, therefore, to relegate both this concept, and its variety, to the poly- morphie WS. cuneata. This species occurs throughout Central America from Guatemala and British Honduras to Panama; in Gren- ada and Trinidad; and in Colombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, Bolivia and Peru. Scaphyglottis Huebneri Sch/echter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 42, Abt. 2 (1925) 95. A number of collections from eastern Peru (Depart- ments of Junin and Loreto) have been referred to this species. Altogether they show marked variation in vege- tative size and in floral details, and accordingly it seems advisable to add a few supplementary notes to the orig- inal description. The lower part of the stems (even of the abbreviated superposed members) is clothed by several loose imbri- ‘ating scarious evanescent sheaths, of which the upper ones are articulated to short blades. The leaves, which are gradually narrowed toward the apex, reach a length [ 182 | of 24 cm. and vary in width from 8 to 7 mm. The flow- ers seem to be invariably somewhat larger than those described. The sepals are about 5.5 mm. or less in length. The petals, which are only slightly shorter than the se- pals, are nearly always sharply acute or apiculate. The lip, which is about as long as the sepals, has a mid-lobe which is commonly semiorbicular to ovate and is always more or less sharply acute. The color of the flowers ranges from greenish or whitish to pale yellow often tinged with pink or pale lilac. The altitude of the habitat ranges from 100 to 1800 meters. Orleanesia yauaperyensis Rodrigues in Vellosia ed, 2, pt. 1 (1891) 124—Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 3, pt. 5 (1898) 6, t. 3, fig. 1. There has recently come to hand a single Peruvian plant which seems to be referable to the above Brazilian species. It differs from the diagnosis of the type, how- ever, In having eight leaves, instead of four, the blades being somewhat larger (up to 13 cm. long and 2 em. wide) with an obtusely bilobulate, rather than obliquely acute, apex. The flowers also are slightly smaller than those of the type, the segments being about 6 (instead of 7-8) mm. long. Although no pollinia were figured nor described in the type citation of this species, those seen in the Peruvian plant were four in number, of which the inner pair were larger. This relationship appears to be exactly reversed in the characterization of Orleanesia (B. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1 (1877) 63) where the two outer pollinia are indicated as larger. Peru: Department of Loreto, vicinity of Iquitos, at 100 meters al- titude, on a dead tree, in a clearing, flowers mignonette and dark vio- let, November to December, 1936, G. Klug 10021. Polystachya cerea Lindley in Bot. Reg. 26 (1840) Misc. p. 86. [ 188 ] ¢ Polystachya caracasana Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 2 (1854) 15; in Walpers Ann. 6 (1868) 641. Polystachya minor Fawcett & Rendle in Journ. Bot. 48 (1910) 106; Fl. Jam. 1 (1910) 49, t. 7, figs. 6, 7. Polystachya guatemalensis Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. 17 (1921) 141. Polystachya ecuadorensis Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 8 (1921) 90; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 95, nr. 370. Polystachya panamensis Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 17 (1922) 49. There is no record at present of typical Polystachya caracasana in the Reichenbach Herbarium. Although this concept appears to be very close to P. cerea, of which we have seen a drawing of the type in the Lindley Her- barium, it seems to differ in having a subcordrate base to the lip and a long-petioled base to the leaves. Polystachya minor, as described and figured by Faw- cett & Rendle, differs from P. cerea only in being a much larger plant with a paniculate rather than a racemose in- florescence. However, the degree of vegetative size and the simple or compound character of the inflorescence is of no specific weight in Polystachya, for dwarf racemose plants appear in the same collection with large panicu- late forms. The concept, Polystachya guatemalensis, is represented in the Ames Herbarium by an analytical drawing made under the supervision of Dr. Schlechter. It is a large plant analagous to P. minor, but is described as having obtuse sepals, unlike those of P. mimor. However, the drawing shows these organs as being acute. The only noteworthy difference between these species is that the mid-lobe of P. guatemalensis is described and shown as subcuneate-quadrate rather than ovate-subquadrate or elliptic-ovate as in P. minor. In view of the fact that the [ 184 ] mid-lobe is recurved tn natural position, its exact shape is Capable of various interpretations. The plant named Polystachya eeuadorensis Schltr. is undoubtedly referable to P. cerea, having exactly the form and proportions of P. minor. Polystachya panamensis, also represented in the Ames Herbarium by a drawing made under the supervision of Dr. Schlechter, appears to be inseparable from the P. minor form. ‘The only differences are that its sepals and petals are described as obtuse and the basal callus on the lip as trilobulate. This widespread and variable species extends from Mexico through Central America to Panama and the West Indies and to the northern portions of South America. Polystachya nana (Pocpp. & Endl.) Reichenbach fil- ius in Walpers Ann. 6 (1868) 638. Eneycha nana Poeppig & Endlicher Nov. Gen. ac Sp. PI. 2 (1888) 10, t. 113 A. Stelis foliosa Lindley in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2 (1839) 830, t. 17. Polystachya foliosa Reichenbach filius in) Walpers Ann. 6 (1863) 640——Cogniaux in Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4 (1895) 816. Dendrorchis nana O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 659. The concept Stelis foliosa is described and figured as having the sepals equally large, whereas H/ncyclia nana has the dorsal sepal distinctly narrower than the lateral sepals. However, the dorsal sepal of Polystachya foliosa is described by Cogniaux and invariably appears, in all of the specimens which IL have seen referred to that spe- cies from the West Indies and South America, as dis- tinctly narrower than the lateral sepals. [ 185 ] In S. foliosa the mid-lobe of the lip is definitely the largest, while in Hneyclia nana the lobes of the lip are described as equal. In the floral analysis of H. nana, however, the mid-lobe of the lip appears to be distinctly larger than the lateral lobes. In specimens of Polystachya JSoliosa in the Ames Herbarium the degree of excess in size of this lobe over the lateral lobes appears to vary considerably. Whereas the flowers of Stelis foliosa were described as greenish, those of H/ncycla nana, were cited as sulphur- colored. Ina large series of specimens referable to Poly- stachya nana the color of the flowers (wherever noted) varies from yellow to orange. In the types of both Mneycla nana and Stelis foliosa the inflorescence is described and shown as a simple ra- ceme. In Polystachya foliosa, however, the inflorescence is described by Cogniaux as lightly branching and more rarely simple. This variation appears frequently in the specimens of P. foliosa examined, even in a single col- lection. Considerable variability also appears in the proportions of the leaves of P. foliosa, the range being from elongate- linear with a width of 2 mm. to linear-elliptic with a width of over 9 mm. Also, the inflorescence varies from being much shorter than the leaves to distinctly exceeding them. In Stelis folliosa almost the entire central longitudinal area of the lip was described and shown as densely and evenly glandular-downy or papillose. In Mneyclia nana the farinaceous callus is basal. In all of the specimens which | have seen referred to Polystachya foliosa there is a prominent basal farinaceous callus, as in A/neyclia nana. It seems advisable, therefore, to consider these varia- ble forms as conspecific. It appears highly probable that the Brazilian Poly- [ 186 | stachya stenophylla Schltr. may also be referable to the variable P. nana, but I have seen no authentic material of the former concept. The range of Polystachya nana extends trom the West Indies (Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Grenada, Trinidad) to British Guiana (type of Stelis foliosa), Sur- inam, northern Brazil and Peru (type of A/neyclia nana). Galeandra Baueri Lind/. var. piloso-columna C. Schweinfirth var. nov. Herba carinis duabus brevibus plus minusve arcuatis atque columnae superficie anteriore plus minusve longe pilosa a specie differt. Plant very similar to Galeandra Baueri but distin- guished by having a pair of short more or less arcuate keels (instead of straight elongate keels) on the disc of the lip and especially by having a more or less promi- nently pilose anterior surface of the column. This form is perhaps referable to Galeandra dives Reichb. f) (in Bonpl. 2 (1854) 98), in the description of which there is no reference to the column. I have seen no record of this concept. G. dives is treated as a syno- nym of G. Bauer Lindl. by Cogniaux in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 4 (1895) 298. Peru: Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, “*1924-1927,’" Carlos Schunke 534 (no leaves present) (type in Herb. Field Mus. No. 571592); same locality, at 1800 meters altitude, ““Sept., 1924-1927,’" Schunke s.n.; La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, at about 1200 meters altitude, ““Leaf- less epiphyte. Fls. yellowish-brown, the inner part light, the outer dark,’’ August 27-September 1, 1923, J. Francis Macbride 5599 (spee- imen consisting of a single Hower preserved in alcohol). Bletia catenulata Ruiz & Pavon Syst. Veg. (1798) 229—Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 3, pt. 5 (1901) 350. Bletia sanguinea Poeppig & Endlicher Nov. Gen. ac Sp ls 141835)-56,'t2 95. [ 187 ] Bletia Sherrattiana Bateman in Bot. Mag. 93 (1867) t. 5646. Regnellia purpurea Rodriguez Gen. & Sp. Orch. Nov. 1 (1877) 82, non Bletia purpurea DC. Bletia Watsoni Hort. ex Orch. Rev. 2 (1894) 298. Bletia Rodriguesu. Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 38, pt. 5 (1901) 351, t. 74. With the exception of Regnellia purpurea and Bletia Rodriguesu, all of the above names have previously been referred to the inadequately described Bletia catenulata Ruiz & Pav. The concept Regnellia purpurea, being a true Bletia and widely different from Bletia purpurea DC., was given the name Bletia Rodriguesii by Cogniaux. The plant which Reichenbach filius (in Bonplandia 4 (1856) 216) attributed to B. catenulata, was cited by Cogniaux as Bletia Rodriguest (confined to Brasil). B. Rodrigues is said to differ from B. catenulata in having narrower leaves, more obtuse petals, and more rounded lateral lobes of the lip which has three yellow lamellae in- stead of four white lamellae through the center. In the first place, the breadth of leaf, which is a variable char- acter, Is separated by only 5mm. in the two contrasting species, according to the descriptions. Secondly, the pet- als of Peruvian specimens referable to B. catenulata are commonly broadly rounded at the apex (sometimes with a minute point at the tip). Again the lateral lobes of the lip are more or less broadly rounded at the apex, as in B. Sherrattiana from Colombia which was referred by Schlechter to B. catenulata. Finally, all of the Peruvian specimens of B. catenulata examined have from three to five low approximate thickened central nerves, which are ‘alled lamellae in the description. B. catenulata is de- scribed as having these keels whitish, whereas those of B. Rodriguesu are noted as yellow. In all of the Peru- [ 188 | vian specimens referred to B. catenulata these keels, wherever a distinct color is noted, are described as yel- low, as in B. Sherrattiana. It appears to be the wise procedure, therefore, to rec- ognize in this alliance only the single species B. catenu- lata. Bulbophyllum Weberbauerianum Ariinzl. var. angustius C. Schweinfurth var. nov. Foliis angustioribus, floribus purpureis majoribus, pet- alis densissime fimbriatis, labello angustiore, columnae stelidiis brevioribus a specie differt. Plant differing from the species in having narrower leaves (up to 4 em. long and 7 mm. wide), larger purple flowers (dorsal sepal up to 1.85 cm. long, acute, with the lateral sepals only slightly larger than the dorsal sepal), densely fimbriate petals, longer narrower lip (up to 1.72 cm. long and 1 mm. wide above) and relatively short stelidia on the apex of the column. Bouivia: Sailapata-Ayopaya, at 2000 meters altitude, on dry logs, flowers purple, November 1935, M. Cardenas 3294 (Tyre in Herb. Ames No, 48462; dupl. type in Herb. Gray No. 7290). Warrea tricolor Lindley in Bot. Reg. 29 (1843) Mise. p. 14—Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 3, pt. 5 (1901) 876, t. 81. Maxllaria Warreana Loddiges ex Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl. (1882) 148—Loddiges Bot. Cab. (1833) t. 1884—Hooker in Bot. Mag. 72 (1846) t. 4235. Warrea speciosa Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 98; ex Mansteld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 128, nr. 483. The Peruvian Warrea speciosa differs from the Brazil- ian Mawllaria Warreana, the type of W. tricolor, in having distinctly larger floral segments. These are said [ 189 | to be about 8.5 em. long and 2.8—8.2 cm. wide, whereas those of W. tricolor are described as 2—2.5 em. long and 1.2-2 cm. wide. The sepals and petals of W. speciosa are described as obtuse, but they are figured as more or less ucute—as they are in W. tricolor. Moreover, the seg- ments of W.. speciosa, as depicted, appear to be almost an exact counterpart of those which Cogniaux attributes to W. tricolor. Finally, the anterior part of the lip of W. tricolor (as Mawillaria Warreana) is traversed by verrucose fleshy lines as attributed to W. speciosa. Apparently there is no morphological difference be- tween the two concepts, but only a discrepancy in size. Size appears to be less important as a differentiating character since the flowers of a Peruvian specimen (W7/- liams 73838) which I have examined are intermediate be- tween the two concepts. Eriopsis biloba Lindley in Bot. Reg. 38 (1847) t. 18—Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 8, pt. 5 (1902) 586. -*seuderiopsis Schomburghkiu (as Shomburgkii) Reichen- bach filius in Linnaea 22 (1849) 853. Eriopsis Schomburghu Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 3 (1855) 67. Kriopsis Wercklet Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 16 (1920) 447. A eareful examination of the Costa Rican J7rvopsis Wercklei, as represented by an analytical drawing of the type made under the supervision of Dr. Schlechter, as well as by authentic material in the Ames Herbarium, show that this concept is referable to HW. biloba, which is well illustrated and described. Apparently the only dis- crepancy between these concepts is that #. Werckler is said to have longer leaves than £. biloba. Sometimes, also, the sepals and petals of H. Werckleit are slightly larger than those attributed to 2. biloba. [ 190 | A recent Peruvian collection (A/ug 3678) reterable to It. biloba differs from typical material in having a rela- tively elongate pseudobulb (up to 16 em. tall) bearing three leaves (instead of two) near the summit. The leaves vary greatly, the two lower blades being elliptic-oblong and up to 44 em. long and 7 ecm. wide, whereas the up- per leaf is narrow and about 80 cm. long and 3.4 cm. wide. ‘The scape is also short, about 35 cm. tall. Peru: San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, at about 1100 meters altitude, epiphyte in mountain forest, flowers brown, yellow, green and white, June, 1934, G. Klug 3678. Eriopsis sceptrum Peichenbach filius & Warscewicz in Bonpl. 2 (1854) 98—Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 3, pt. 5 (1902) 588. Kriopsis Helenae WKrinzlin in Gard. Chron. ser. 8, 22 (1897) 98— Rolfe in Bot. Mag. 188 (1912) t. 8462. The concept Hriopsis Helenae appears to differ from Iv. sceptrum only in the larger size of its flowers. In these the sepals are described as about 2 cm. long, whereas those of 27. sceptrum seem to be 1.6 em. or less long in the drawing of its flowers from the original sketches in the Reichenbach Herbarium. In these drawings, the sinus between the lobes appears to vary from being acute- angled (as described) to being rounded (as in 27. Helenae). Although no mention of the vegetative parts of J. scep- frum appears in the description, the records of that spe- cies from the Reichenbach Herbarium show a cluster of roughly sketched elongate pseudobulbs similar to those of Iv. Helenae and they bear at the summit a pair of leaves which appear to be much shorter than those of J. Helenae. A recent Peruvian collection (Aluwg 1351) has flowers of apparently the same size as those of E. sceptrum with a rounded sinus between the lobes (as in #7. Helenae) and { 191 | a mid-lobe which varies from broadly truncate-obtuse to lightly retuse as specified in 27. sceptrum. In these plants the pseudobulb is entirely enveloped by distichous sheaths (like the immature stems of J”. Helenae):; the leaves are oblong to elliptic-oblong, and shining in the dried specimen, and they attain a length of almost 50 em. and a width of nearly 6 em. The scape is about 60 em. or less tall, as in J’. Helenae, whereas that of LZ. sceptrum is noted as about 90 cm. tall. The pair of basal lamellae on the lip appear to be sometimes more or less recurved, as in £7. sceptrum. It appears reasonable, therefore, to consider Hriopsis sceptrum as including the larger-flowered ’. Helenae. Peru: Loreto, Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, at 100 meters altitude, in forest, flowers brown-yellow, May—June, 1980, G. Klug 1351. Polycycnis muscifera (Lindl. & Paxt.) Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 8 (1855) 218; in Walpers Ann. 6 (1863) 618 ampl. C. Schweinfurth. Cycnoches muscifera (as musciferum) Lindley & Paxton in Paxton’s Flow. Gard. 8 (1852-58) 28, fig. 248. Since the original description of Cycnoches muscifera lacks vegetative characters and is largely restricted to brief floral details, supplemented by a telling figure, it seems worthwhile to append a complete description of this concept based on several recent Peruvian collections. Plant rather large. Roots fibrous, glabrous, rather slender. Pseudobulb pyriform-cylindric, unifoliate at the apex, clothed with evanescent sheaths, densely rugose when dry, 5 to over 6 cm. long. Leaf distinctly petioled ; lamina elliptic, acute, cuneate below, up to 37 em. long and 12 cm. wide, plicate: petiole 8-11.5 em. long, slen- der, channelled. Scape lateral, basal, suberect to arcuate, sublaxly to densely racemose above; peduncle provided with several remote close short sheaths, densely dark- [ 192 ] pubescent, up to 28.2 cm. long: raceme many-flowered, straight or more commonly arcuate or flexuous, the ra- chis being 84 cm. or less long. Flowers rather small for the genus, with spreading or reflexed segments, ‘* pale bistre plentifully bestrewed with minute brown specks and freckles.”° Sepals membranaceous, dark-pubescent without. Dorsal sepal refracted, deeply cucullate, oblong- lanceolate, acute, up to 2em. long and 5 mm. wide when expanded. Lateral sepals broadly oblong-lanceolate, ob- lique, complicate-acute, up to 1.8 cm. long and 6 mm. wide. Petals oblanceolate-linear, slightly sigmoid, acute, up to 2.1 em. long and 2.5 mm. wide. Lip up to 1.7 em. long, deeply 8-lobed, sharply divided into a hypochile and epichile; hypochile at base with a pair of linear- falcate erect-spreading horns, above rather abruptly di- lated into a pair of erect obliquely lanceolate or lanceolate- triangular acuminate lateral lobes, pubescent through the middle where dilated above into a relatively high fleshy pubescent semielliptic keel; epichile relatively large, hastate-ovate or triangular-ovate, simple or subtrilobed with more or less conspicuous rounded subbasal angles, acuminate to a complicate-acute apex, densely bearded except near the apex. Column very slender, arcuate, abruptly bialate at the apex, about 2 cm. long. Peru: Junin, Chanchamayo Valley, at 1200-1500 meters altitude, Carlos Schunke 1120, 1290, s.n.; Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, at 1300-1700 meters altitude, in dense forest, Schunke 469. Gongora maculata Lindley var. bufonia (Lind/.) C. Schweinfurth comb. nov. Gongora bufonia Lindley in Bot. Reg. 27 (1841) t. 2 —Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 3, pt. 5 (1902) 542. Gongora bufonia Lindl. var. leucochila Lindley in Bot. Reg. 88 (1847) t. 17. An intensive study has convinced me that the concept [ 193 ] G. bufonia is a variety of the widespread and variable G. maculata. It is distinguished from the latter species by the total or partial absence of horns near the base of the hypochile. In some of its forms there does not appear to be a vestige of the horns which are so prominent in G. maculata; in the illustration of the type of G. bufonia (l. ce.) the horns are reduced to conical swellings, while some examples referable to this variety have rather well- developed conical protuberances. The variety bufonia appears to have often slightly larger flowers than G. maculata. Frequently, too, the hypochile is much lower at the base than at the apex. Whereas Gongora bufonia was tormerly credited only to Brazil, [ have recently examined numerous collections of this concept from the Peruvian departments of Loreto and San Martin. Xylobium foveatum ( Lindl.) Nicholson Dict. Gard. 4 (1887) 225—Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 8, pt. 5 (1902) 469. Mawillaria foveata Lindley in Bot. Reg. 25 (1889) Mise. p. 2—Lindley & Paxton in Paxt. Flow. Gard. 3 (1852-53) 70, sub no. 536. Mawillaria concava Lindley in Bot. Reg. 80 (1844) Mise. p. 4. Mawillaria stachyobiorum Reichenbach filius in Bot. Zeit. 10 (1852) 735. Xylobium concavum Hemsley in Godman & Salvin Biol. Centr.-Am. 8 (1883) 252. Xylobium stachyobiorum Hemsley in Godman & Sal- vin Biol. Centr.-Am. 8 (1888) 252. Xylobium Filomenoi Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 100; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 124, nr. 487. Judging from a photograph of the type of Mazillaria [ 194 | concava from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew, this con- cept does not appear to be specifically distinct from the sarher JZ. foveata similarly represented in the Ames Herbarium. In the two records the scapes with their flowers seem to be nearly identical. The lateral sepals of Mavillaria concava are described as dorsally carinate near the apex, and no mention is made of such a character in M. foveata; but the photograph of the latter plant, when examined closely, indicates the presence of such an api- cal keel on the lateral sepals. Another apparent discrep- ancy between these concepts lies in the callus on the lip which consists of five raised lines in the drawing of the lip on the sheet of M. foveata, whereas an apically tri- dentate callus is depicted on the sheet of M. coneava. This apparent difference is non-existent, however, for the lip of MZ. foveata is described as three or five times sulcate. Finally, the leaf of JZ. concava appears to be about twice as broad as that of IZ. foveata, but the pro- portions of the leaf in one collection of Xylobium often show similar discrepancies. It has already been clearly shown that Mavillaria stachyobiorum is referable to the above species. The concept Xylobium Filomenot, described only from several inflorescences accompanied by a colored sketch, differs from Marillaria foveata in having somewhat smaller flowers. In spite of minute disparities from Vy/o- bium foveatum in the structure of the lip, it is apparent that this concept is synonymous with Y. foveatum. In the original description of Maaillaria foveata there was no mention of the pseudobulb, which apparently was lacking in the Lindley specimen. However, in the de- scriptions of Mavidlaria concava and M. stachyobiorum, as well as in the numerous collections of this species from Central America (especially from Costa Rica and Pana- ma) and from Peru, there is present an ovoid or oblong- [ 195 ] ovoid bifoliate or trifoliate pseudobulb which varies from 3 to 9 cm. in length. This species appears to be very variable and wide- spread, being recorded from Mexico and Guatemala (type of Maaillaria concava) through Central America to Panama (type of M. stachyobiorum); from Jamaica; from the South American countries of British Guiana (type of M. foveata), Venezuela, Colombia and Peru (type of Yylobium Filomenoi). Xylobium pallidiflorum (Hook.) Nicholson Dict. Gard. 4 (1887) 225—Cogniaux in Urban Symb. Antill. 6 (1910) 588. Mawillaria palhdiflora Hooker in Bot. Mag. 55 (1828) t. 2806. Maaillaria stenobulbon Wlotzsch in Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. Append. Spec. Nov. (18538) 1. Xylobium latifolium Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 27 (1929) 66. The concept, Mawillaria stenobulbon, has already been reduced to the synonymy of this species. A comparison between the typical West Indian Maz- laria pallidiflora (as exemplified by the plate) and the Bolivian Xylobium latifolium (as elucidated by the de- scription) shows that the latter concept apparently differs only in having slightly smaller flowers. Furthermore, a collection (Hodge 2973) from Domin- ica near St. Vincent, which is the type locality of Maa- tllaria pallidiflora, differs from X. latifolium only in hav- ing slightly longer scapes with white instead of yellow flowers which are somewhat larger than those of YX. latifolium. A Peruvian collection (Klug 3619) referable to X, pallidiforum has variable vegetative proportions with leaf-blades ranging from elliptic (as in X. latifolium) to [196 | oblanceolate, often much larger than those of . pallid- iflorum, and with sometimes very elongate petioles. The flowers, however, are said to be light green and orange, similar to those of Maavtllaria pallidifilora and are but slightly larger in size. It seems reasonable to conclude, theretore, that all of these collections, including some recorded from Vene- zuela and Ecuador, belong to a single variable concept. Xylobium squalens (Lind/.) Lindley in Bot. Reg. 11 (1825) sub t. 897——-Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 3, pt. 5 (1902) 468. Dendrobium squalens Vindley in Bot. Reg. 9 (1823) te Jou, Mawillaria squalens Hooker in Bot. Mag. 56 (1829) t, 2955. Dendrobium carnosum Pres| Symb. Bot. (1832) 35,t. 24. Cyrtopera scabrilinguis Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch. PI. (1883) 189. Mawillaria supina Poeppig & Endlicher Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1 (1886) 89, t. 67. Nylobium Houtter Makoy ex Mutel Mém. sur plus. Orch. 1 (1840) 16. Mawillaria seabritinguis Lindley in Bot. Reg. 80 (1844) NSC 07 1 Xylobium scabritingue Schlechter in Orchis 7 (19138) 2s Xylobium supinum Schlechter in Orchis 7 (1918) 24. Yylobium carnosum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 160. KXxeept for Vylobium earnosum (based on Dendrobium carnosum) and X. scabrilingue (based on Cyrtopera scab- rilinguis), all of the above concepts have previously been reduced to the synonymy of X. squalens. The concept Dendrobium carnosum, which was de- scribed trom material lacking a pseudobulb, appears to differ from MNylobium squalens only in having a longer [ 197 | inflorescence, in the slightly shorter floral bracts and in the somewhat narrower dorsal sepal and petals. There- fore, it seems reasonable to consider this form as reduci- ble to _Y. squalens. Cyrtopera scabrilinguis, exemplified by a photograph of the type from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew, is a plant with a rather loose raceme, having flowers of appar- ently the same size and shape as those of Y. squalens. Moreover, this record bears two drawings of the lip which appear nearly identical with the lip of X. squalens, a spe- cies which has a more or less compact raceme. In the photograph the floral bracts are indistinct, but under Mawillaria scabrilinguis they are described as shorter than the [pedicellate] ovary, unlike those of Y. squalens, in which the floral bracts commonly more or less exceed the ovary. Several specimens determined as X. scabri- lingue have a lip with the mid-lobe rather more ovate than obovate or oval as in XY. squalens, but that portion when expanded approximates the mid-lobe of the latter species. Finally, the color of the flowers in both con- cepts, while apparently variable, is often closely similar. It seems to be entirely logical, therefore, to regard Xylobium scabrilingue as conspecific with YX. squalens. This concept, like most widespread species, is very var- lable, both in vegetative and floral size. One Peruvian collection (Klug 10123) even has a pseudobulb bearing three leaves, instead of the usual two leaves. The color of the flowers varies from white to yellowish or pinkish, streaked with violet, the lip being much darker violet. Xylobium squalens is recorded chiefly from South America (Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia), with one record from Costa Rica in Central America. Xylobium squalens (Lind/.) Lindl. var. gracile (Schitr.) C. Schweinfurth comb. nov. [ 198 ] Nylobium gracile Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 8 (1921) 92: ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beith. 57 (1929) te 95. alr Oyo. This concept differs from the variable YY. squalens in two particulars. First, it has unifohate pseudobulbs, whereas VY. sqgualens commonly has bifoliate (or very rarely trifoliate) pseudobulbs. Secondly, it has floral bracts three or four times shorter than the pedicellate ovary, Whereas XY. sqgua/ens has floral bracts that vary from little shorter than the pedicellate ovary (in the Y. scabrilingue torm) to longer than the flower. Judging from the floral analysis, the flower appears to be identi- ‘al with a small form of _Y. squa/ens, except that the mid-lobe of the lip appears to be relatively slightly larger in proportion to the entire lamina. Lycaste fimbriata (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn. var. peruviana (Lolfe) C. Schweinfurth comb. nov. Lycaste peruviana Rolfe in Kew Bull. (1910) 160. Judging by the description, supplemented by several flowering scapes of LL. peruviana (trom the Kew Herbar- ium) which may be regarded as typical, it seems reason- able to consider this concept as a variant of LL. fimbriata. The latter species appears to be very variable, both in vegetative and floral proportions, in the degree of tooth- ing of the mid-lobe of the lip and, to a lesser extent, in the color of the flowers. There do not appear to be any morphological differ- ences between the concepts, however, and the only dis- parities seem to be the strikingly smaller size of the leaves and floral segments of LL. peruviana, whose sepals and petals are described as light tawny-brown, as contrasted with greenish, white or cream-color in L. fimbriata. The exact source of L. peruviana is not recorded, the plant having been collected in Peru by Forget and intro- duced by Messrs. Sander & Sons of St. Albans, England. [ 199 ] Pityphyllum laricinum (A7riinz/.) Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 7 (1920) 168. Maaillaria laricina Wriinzlin in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54 (1916) Beibl. 117, p. 29. An examination of isotype material of Maaillaria la- ricina Kriinzl. shows that there are several misconceptions and inaccuracies in the type description (I.c.), and there- fore it seems advisable to correct these misstatements. Of first importance is the fact that the so-called abbre- viated leafy branches, or ‘‘ramuli foliati abbreviati, folia ... fasciculum foliorum Laricis cujusdam aemulantia, ”’ actually represent small plants of a Bromeliad. The sus- pected identity of this epiphyte on an epiphyte was cor- roborated by Dr. Lyman B. Smith of the Gray Herbar- ium who tells me that in all probability the visitor is a species of 'Tillandsia. Careful investigation also shows that the pseudobulbs are commonly bifoliate (not trifoliate) and mostly about 10 mm. (not 7 mm. or less) long. The leaves, which also appear on some of the cauline sheaths as well as on the pseudobulbs, are up to 1.5 cm. (rather than 1.2 cm.) long. The sepals are lanceolate and about 8.7 mm. (rather than 3mm.) long. The petals, which are thinner in texture than the sepals, are linear and about 8 mm. (rather than 2.5mm.) long. The lip, which is described as simple and oblong, is in reality constricted (and thus trilobulate) above the middle and ovate-elliptic in outline when flat- tened. It lacks a definite basal callus (as described), but has instead a pair of short arcuate folds near the constriction. This little plant was transferred by Schlechter to the genus Pityphyllum, a segregate from Maxillaria on the basis of the minute flowers and footless column. The species occurs in the Peruvian departments of Cajamarca (type of Mawillaria laricina) and Junin, fide Schlechter (in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 161. [ 200 | LA BOTANICAL MUSEUM LEAFLETS HARVARD UNIVERSITY CampripGr, Massacuusettrs, Marcu 3, 1944 Vo.t. 11, No. 7 AFRICAN ORCHIDS. XIV BY V.S. SUMMERHAYES (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) ANCISTRORHYNCHUS Finet In 1837 Lindley described Angraecum clandestinum from a plant cultivated in Messrs. Loddiges’ nursery at Hackney, while in 1862 in his classical paper on West African orchids, he described A. capitatum, which was collected by Barter near the Brass River in Southern Nigeria. Ten years later the younger Reichenbach pub- lished a description of a species from the famous living collection of W.W.Saunders under the name of Listro- stachys cephalotes. He pointed out its affinity with An- graecum capitatum Lindl. and for the first time clearly described the remarkable folded rostellum, which is actu- ally common to all three species mentioned. Rolfe seems to have missed the significance of this feature, for in the Flora of Tropical Africa, although he places the above species, and also two additional ones of the same affinity, in the genus Listrostachys, he separates L. clandestina trom the others and only refers vaguely to the rostellum in the specific descriptions. Instead he places greater emphasis on the occurrence of the flowers in short dense heads. It was not until 1908 that Finet created the genus Ancistrorhynchus, containing two properly described and one imperfect species, the genus being especially charac- [ 201 ; . (HARVARD LAPD CITY IUNIVERSI1 i] 7 WAAR S buss terised by the striking rostellum structure. This organ projects downwards almost parallel with, or slightly di- verging from, the front of the column and is then folded on itself to form an upwardly directed portion of some- times equal length ending in an acute apex. On removal of the long and narrow viscidium, which is also folded in a similar manner, the two lateral lobes may be easily separated and then appear as shown in Finet’s illustra- tions. Owing to the incomplete description of Angrae- cum clandestinum by both Lindley and Rolfe, Finet failed to realise that it also fell into his new genus, nor does he refer to any of the other species with similar rostellum included in the Flora of ‘Tropical Africa. It was Schlechter, in his account of the Angraecoid orchids in 1918, who first brought together all the spe- cies with the above rostellum. He divided them into two genera, Ancistrorhynchus Finet with a distinctly trilobed lip and a single pollinarium stipes entire or divided only at the apex, and secondly a new genus Cephalangraecum, characterised by an entire lip and the presence of two separate stipites to the pollinia. Incidentally in his com- ments on the latter genus he states that the stipe may sometimes be common (gemeinsam) but I cannot find on what authority this statement rests. It is certainly not true of any of the species included by him. When I dealt with the two genera in the Flora of West Tropical Africa I separated them on account of the difference in the stipes and also the very different appear- ance of the leaves. In Cephalangraecum the leaves are only slightly unequally bilobed at the apex with more or less rounded lobes whereas in the species of A ncistro- rhynchus which I had seen the leaves are much more unequally bilobed with acute lobes. The inflorescences also are distinctly less dense in Ancistrorhynchus than in the other genus. [ 202 ]} Recently, however, my attention has been drawn to two East African species, namely A neistrorhynchus laax- iflorus Manst., from the Uluguru Mountains in Central Tanganyika and Lustrostachys refracta WKraenzl., from Usambara in the north of the same territory. This lat- ter species was erroneously reterred to Cyrtorchis by Schlechter although Kraenzlin’s description clearly por- trays the characteristic rostellum of the two genera re- ferred to above. The interesting feature of these two species, which are evidently very closely allied, if not conspecific, is that they combine the supposed distin- guishing features of Aneistrorhynchus and Cephalangrae- cum. The inflorescences are relatively lax and elongated as in the former genus, whereas the leaves are similar to those in many species of the latter. The pollinarium is intermediate, the stipes being divided to the middle in L. refracta and nearly as far in A. laviflorus. It is evident, therefore, that the two genera cannot be maintained as distinct since all the supposed differential characters break down, while at the same time the ex- tremely striking rostellum remains almost constant throughout. It should be noted that in many of the species the lip is widened at the base forming large rounded but rather indistinct lobes, and indeed in few of the species is the lip clearly quite entire. An emend- ed description is provided herewith. Ancistrorhynchus inet in Mém. Soc. Bot. France 9 (1907) 44-47—Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 187-139—Summerhayes in Hutchinson & Dalziel Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2 (1986) 462. Cephalangraeccum Schlechter |.c. 185-187—Summer- hayes l.c. 461-462. Epiphytic herbs; stems short and thick; leaves im- bricate, suberect, spreading or recurved, parallel-sided [ 208 | or tapering upwards, more or less unequally bilobed at the apex, lobes sometimes toothed or slightly lobulate, often fleshy and sometimes V-shaped with a keel; in- florescences arising from the axils of the lower leaves, almost sessile, usually forming globular or ellipsoid densely-flowered heads but sometimes laxer and few- flowered; rhachis short, usually thick; bracts small or more frequently large, membranous or chartaceous and equalling the flowers; flowers mostly white, sometimes with green markings: sepals oblong, elliptical or lanceo- late, obtuse, laterals oblique; petals similar but usually narrowed in the lower part; lip oblong, ovate or almost orbicular in general outline with rounded apex and often widened at the base to form rounded rather indistinct lateral lobes, sometimes distinctly 8-lobed, front lobe usually undulate; spur straight or somewhat S-shaped, wide at the base, constricted in the middle and dilated at the apex, shorter than the ovary; column short or of medium length, semiterete; anther hemispherical, pro- duced in front into a short truncate appendage only par- tially covering the rostellum; pollinia 2, globose or py- riform, stipes either 2 distinct to the base or a single one more or less bilobed in the upper half, apex in either case broad and flattened, viscidium long and narrow, attached to almost the entire length of the rostellum; rostellum projecting downwards in the basal half and parallel with or slightly divergent from the column, then sharply curved upwards terminating in an acute apex, on re- moval of the pollinia cleft to the base into two sickle- shaped lobes; stigmatic cavity below the rostellum and almost covered by it. Type Species :— A. recurvus Finet. The following is an enumeration of the species of An- cistrorhynchus accepted here, with such synonymy as can [ 204 | be ascertained with reasonable certainty. | have not seen a few of the species and for the moment the position of these must remain doubtful. Some name changes may be necessary when they have been investigated properly. The type specimens of the two new species are in the Kew Herbarium. 1. Ancistrorhynchus brevifolius /net in Mém. Soc. Bot. France 9 (1907) 45, t. IX, figs. 1-14— Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 138. Krom the description and illustration this species pos- sesses the pollinarium of 4. reeurvus and leaves similar to those of many Cephalangraecums, that is, V-shaped in section with rounded apical lobes. The very broad tri- lobed lip and divergent spur are also characteristic. Frencu Congo: Bangui, Dybowski 567 (not seen). 2. Ancistrorhynchus capitatus (Lindley) Summer- hayes comb, nov. Angraecum capitatum Lindley in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 6 (1862) 137. Listrostachys capitata Reichenbach filius in Flora 48 (1865) 190—Durand & Schinz Consp. FI. Afr. 5 (1895) 48—Rolfe in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. 7 (1897) 166. Angorchis capitata O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) 651. Listrostachys Gentil De Wildeman Not. Pl. Utiles Congo (1903) 147; in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. V. 1 (1904) 117, 2 (1907) 28; Mission EK. Laurent (1906) 227, figs. 29, 30—Th. & H. Durand Syll. Fl. Congol. (1909) 530. Cephalangraccum capitatum Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 186—Summerhayes in Hutchinson & Dalziel Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2 (1986) 461. ( 205: Cephalangraecum Gentilii Schlechter |.c. The denticulate apical lobes of the leaves distinguish this species from all the other described ones. ‘These teeth vary considerably in size and number even on the sume plant. The spur is also exceptionally long while the lip is more or less ovate and the basal lateral lobes very poorly developed. Sierra Leone: Koyeima, Deighton 3360, Liserta: Firestone Plantation No. 38, Linder 64. Niceria: Brass River, Barter 1857 (Tyre). Betatan Conco: Bombe, Momboyo River, Gentil (not seen); Stan- leyville, Pynaert 115; Kala, Laurent 752 (not seen). Many more gatherings have been recorded from the Belgian Congo under the name of Listrostachys capitata but I have not seen any of them. 3. Ancistrorhynchus cephalotes (Reichenbach filius) Summerhayes comb. nov. Listrostachys cephalotes Reichenbach filius in Gard. Chron. (1872) 1687—Durand & Schinz Consp. FI. Afr. 5 (1895) 48—Rolfe in Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. 7 (1897) 166. Cephalangraecum cephalotes Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 136. From the rather incomplete description of this species I suspect it to be the same as A. glomeratus (Ridley) Summerhayes but as | have not seen the type specimen of A. cephalotes I hesitate to put the two together. West Arrica: No exact locality; cult. W. W. Saunders, Reigate, Surrey, in 1872 (not seen). 4. Ancistrorhynchus’~ clandestinus = (Lindley) Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 138 —Summerhayes in Hutchinson & Dalziel Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2 (1986) 462, pro maxima parte. [ 206 | Angraecum clandestinum Lindley in Hooker Comp. Bot. Mag. 2 (1837) 206— Reichenbach filius in Walp. Ann. 6 (1864) 906—Durand & Schinz Consp. FI. Afr. 5 (1895) 41. Angorchis clandestina O. Kuntze Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) Gok. Listrostachys clandestina Rolfe in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. 7 (1897) 161. Angraecum clandestinum var. stenophyllum Schlechter Westatr. Kautsch. Exped. (1900) 283. Listrostachys Durandiana Wraenzlin apud Durand & De Wildeman in Compt. Rend. Soc. Bot. Belg. 38 (1899) 65 (Mater. Fl. Congo 8 (1889) 57)—De Wilde- man in Ann. Mus. Congo, Bot. sér. V., 1 (1908) 25. Angraecum brunneo-maculatum Rendle Cat. Talb. Nig. Pl. (1913) 105, 146, t. 14, figs. 6-9. Aneistrorhynchus brunneo-maculatus Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 386, Abt. 2 (1918) 188. Anestrorhynchus Durandianus Schlechter l.c. Ancistrorhynchus stenophyllus Schlechter l.c. 139. A. clandestinus may be distinguished by the long nar- row leaves which taper in the upper portion, terminating in a relatively sharp point formed by the longer apical lobe; the shorter lobe may be present as a small tooth as much as 5 cm. below the extreme apex or may be en- tirely absent, both types of leaf sometimes occurring on the same plant. In the type plant, a cultivated one, the leaves are only about 15 cm. long, but in other speci- mens, for example from the Belgian Congo and the Gabon, they may exceed a meter in length, and all in- termediates have been noted. There may also be great variation in the fleshiness of the leaves but I have not been able to correlate this with other characters. The inflorescences in 4. clandestinus are longer and looser than in the species formerly included in Cephalan- graecum while the bracts are triangular-ovate and com- paratively short. The lip is distinctly trilobed, the mid- dle lobe being more or less concave with an undulate somewhat infolded margin. The S-shaped spur separates the species from the Cephalangraecum species, but is also found in A. recurvus Finet and two Tanganyika species. Sierra Leone: cult. Loddiges 1834 (Tyre); Kuntaia, Thomas 430; Kamalu, Thomas 491. Nigeria: Onitsha, Barter 444; Eket, Talbot 3744; Degema, Tal- bot; Oban, Ekong-Ndingane road, Talbot 943; Cameroons Mt., Buea, Schlechter 12843. Gason: Upper Ngounyé River, Lake Bandoungou, Le Testu 5159, Betaran Conao: Pioka, Laurent (not seen). 5. Ancistrorhynchus glomeratus (I?idley) Swmmer- hayes comb. nov. Angraecum glomeratum Ridley in Gard. Chron. new ser. 24 (1885) 678— Durand & Schinz Consp. Fl. Afr. 5 (1895) 43. Listrostachys glomerata Rolfe in Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. 7 (1897) 166. Cephalangraecum glomeratum Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 1836—Summerhayes in Hutchinson & Dalziel Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2 (1986) 461. Distinguished by the slightly unequal apical lobes of the leaves which are rounded or slightly retuse or bilobu- late but not denticulate, the very broad lip with the rounded almost hastate base enveloping the column and the relatively long spur. It may be necessary to reduce this species to A. cephalotes (Rehb.f.) Summerh. when the type specimen of the latter has been examined. Frenen Guinea: Faranah, near R. Niger, Chevalier 20469. Srerra Leone: no locality, cult. Lendy (Type); cult. Hort. Kew. Linerta: M. Barclay, Bunting 7; no locality, cult. Hort. Kew, 1865. Nigerta: Nun River, Barter 20106. [ 208 ] 6. Ancistrorhynchus laxiflorus Mansfeld in Notiz- bl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 12 (1985) 705. fee , [his species may be recognised trom all other species except 4. refractus (XKraenzl.) Summerh. by the lax few- flowered but short inflorescences, the entire ovate lip and long slender column. The leaves are similar to those in A. glomeratus (Ridl.) Summerh. or A. ovatus Summerh. The pollinarium stipes is divided in the upper part while I | per | the viscidium is lanceolate and exceptionally large (over 8 mm. long altogether). TANGANYIKA Territory: Uluguru Mts., Mt. Mindu, Schlieben 3731. 7. Ancistrorhynchus Metteniae (A7raenzlin) Sum- merhayes comb. nov. Angraecum cephalotes WKraenzlin in Mitteil. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. 2 (1889) 156, non Listrostachys cephalotes Reichenbach filius. Listrostachys Metteniae Kraenzlin Xen. Orch. 8 (1898) 122 27 Listrostachys Brauni Durand & Schinz Consp. FI. Afr. 5 (1895) 48—Rolfe in Dyer FI. Trop. Afr. 7 (1897) 166. Cephalangraccum Metteniae Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 137. Cephalangraecum Brauniti Summerhayes in Hutchin- son & Dalziel Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2 (1986) 462. Easily recognised by the very short spur (2-3 mm. long) and broad almost orbicular lip with indistinct side lobes more or less enclosing the column. The leaves vary considerably in width and in the inequality of the apical lobing, but are usually rather narrow. A specimen from Mt. Mlinga, East Usambaras, Tanganyika ‘Territory, collected by W.M. Moreau (No. 871) seems to be near- est this species but is more robust with broad leaves, slightly larger flowers and a spur nearly 4.5 mm. long. [ 209 ] It may eventually prove to be a distinct but closely al- lied species. In the Flora of West Tropical Africa I used the epi- thet Braunu for this species under the mistaken impres- sion that the portion of Volume 5 of Durand and Schinz’s Conspectus in which it was first published appeared in 1892, a year before Kraenzlin’s publication of the epithet Metteniae, both being based on the same type. On fur- ther examination of the evidence I am led to the view that the whole of the volume in question was not pub- lished until 1895 thus giving Kraenzlin’s epithet two year’s priority. Nigerta: Lagos, Moloney. Cameroons: no locality, Braun 19 (Tyre). Sr. Tuomas: Angolares, Lagoa Angra de S. Joao, Quintas 12 (fruit only). Ucanpna: Entebbe, Fyffe 70; near Bajo, Diimmer 2825. 8. Ancistrorhynchus ovatus Swmmerhayes sp. nov. affinis 4. glomerato (Ridl.) Summerh. et 4. Metteniae (Kraenzl.) Summerh., ab hoe calcari quam labello fere duplo longiore, ab utroque labello ovato integro_ basi columnam haud involvente distinguitur. Herba epiphytica; caulis usque ad 20 cm. longus, fere 5 mm. diametro, superne foliatus, inferne vaginis foli- orum delapsorum + obtectus, radices ramosas flexuosas squamuloso-rugulosas 1-2 mm. diametro emittens. Mola basi imbricata, suberecta, patentia vel rarius recurvata, lineari-ligulata, supra articulum 7-19 cm. longa, 5-14 mm. lata, basi vix angustata, apice inaequaliter bilobata, lobis rotundatis vel rotundato-acutis interdum brevissime bilobulatis vel retusis lobo longiore usque ad 1 cm. longo, superne plana, basi conduplicata, costa supra impressa subtus leviter carinata. Inflorescentiae ex axillis foliorum inferiorum exortae, sessiles, globoso-vel ovoideo-capita- [ 210 ] tae, 1-2 cm. longae et diametro, multiflorae; bracteae flores aequantes, ligulatae, oblanceolatae vel ovato-lan- ceolatae, acutae, 6-12 mm. longae, usque ad 5 mm. latae, scariosae. Flores albi; pedicellus cum ovario 6-8 mm. longus. Sepalum intermedium oblongo-ellipticum, apice rotundatum, 3.3-4.4 mm. longum, 1.3-2 mm. latum;: sepala lateralia elliptico-oblonga, leviter obliqua, apice rotundata, 3.5-4.6 mm. longa, 1.3-2 mm. lata; omnia sepala trinervia. Peta/a late elliptico-oblanceolata, apice rotundata, 8.25-4.5 mm. longa, 1.8-2.1 mm. lata, tri- nervia, nervis lateralibus breviter ramosis. Labellum + concavum, late ovatum, apice rotundatum, 3-4.25 mm. longum, 2.4-8.5 mm. latum, marginibus leviter flexu- osis et undulatis; calcar ex ore lato sensim angustatum, triente apicali inflatum, apice ipso rotundatum, totum 4.6-5.8 mm. longum. Co/wmna crassa, semiteres, 0.8—1. 4 mm, alta, truncata, androclinio leviter excavato; anthera subhemisphaerica, antice breviter producta, truncata; pollinia fere globosa, stipitibus 2 apice recurvatis spath- ulato-dilatatis, 0.5-0.7 mm. longis, viscidio medio im- plicato elliptico-ligulato, 0.8-1.2 mm. longo; rostellum interne descendens, deinde hamato-implicatum, apice acutum, in toto circiter 1 mm. longum, viscidio amoto fere ad basin bipartitum; fovea stigmatica quadrato- elliptica. Evidently closely allied to 4. glomeratus (Ridl.) Sum- merh. and 4. Metteniae (Kraenzl.) Summerh. with which it agrees closely in habit and leaf characters. ‘The combi- nation of ovate lip without the least sign of the rounded side lobes so characteristic of the other two species and moderately long slender spur distinguishes it from both of them. Beitaran Conco: Prov. of Uele, R. Wamba, 1911, Claessens 1047. Ucanpa: Budongo Forest, Eggeling 3053; Budongo, June 1937 Eggeling 3360; Budongo, Bunyoro, June 1935, Eggeling 2048 (Type). [ 211 | b 9. Ancistrorhynchus parviflorus Swmnmerhayes sp. nov. ab A. Straussii (Schitr.) Schltr. foliis brevioribus minus bilobatis, labello latiore quam longo, caleari fere globoso quam labello breviore, columna crassiore et brevi- ore, polliniis pro rata majoribus distinguendus. Herba epiphytica; caulis circiter 5 em. longus et 3 mm. diametro, superne dense foliatus, inferne radices flexuosas 1-1.5 mm. diametro emittens. Folia basi im- bricata, patentia, rigida, lineari-oblonga vel ligulata, su- pra articulum 8-4 cm. longa, 6-8 mm. lata, basi leviter angustata, apice leviter inaequaliter bilobata, lobis obtusis vel rotundatis leviter incurvatis, costa subtus prominenti, nitida, viridissima. Jnflorescentiae ex axillis foliorum in- feriorum exortae, sessiles, globoso-capitatae, circiter 5 mm. diametro, dense pluriflorae; bracteae floribus brevi- ores, fere orbiculares, circiter 3 mm. longae et latae, scari- osae. Flores albi, nitentes; pedicellus cum ovario 2—2.5 mm. longus. Sepala oblongo-elliptica, lateralia leviter obliqua, 2.5 mm. longa, 1.5 mm. lata, apice rotundata. Petala elliptico-obovata, apice rotundata vel obtusissima, fere 2.5 mm. longa, 1.5 mm. lata. Labelluwm obscure tri- lobatum, late reniformi-ovatum, apice rotundatum, 1.75 mm. longum, 2.25 mm. latum, lobis lateralibus rotun- datis columnam basi amplectentibus; calcar fere globo- sum, 1.25 mm. longum et diametro, fere pellucidum. Columna brevis, crassa, Vix 1 mm. alta, truncata, andro- clinio leviter excavato; anthera = hemisphaerica, antice brevissime producta et truncata; pollinia pyriformi- globosa, stipitibus 2, apice subspathulato-dilatatis 0.25 mm. longis, viscidio ligulato antice implicato 0.5 mm. longo ; rostellum descendens, quarta parte apicali hamato- implicatum, apice obtusum, in toto circiter 0.5 mm. lon- gum, viscidio amoto fere ad basin tripartitum, partitio intermedia dentiformis quam laterales multo brevior; fovea stigmatica quadrato-orbicularis, [ 212 ] Characterised by the short leaves and small flowers which are about the same size as those of “4. Straussii (Schltr.) Schltr. The lip, however, is much broader than in that species, while the spur is almost globular and shorter than the lip. In uf. parviflorus the rostellum, al- though agreeing in general features with that of the other species of the genus, is turned up tor only a short dis- tance at the apex. TANGANYIKA TreRRITORY: Amani, 3000 ft. alt., on mossy bole of rain forest tree, July 1941, Moreau 70. 10. Ancistrorhynchus recurvus Int in Mém. Soc. Bot. France 9 (1907) 46, t. EX, fig. 15-27—Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 138. A neistrorhynchus clandestinus Saummerhayes in Hutch- inson & Dalziel Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2 (1986) 462, pro munima parte. This species, which I consider to be the type of the genus, resembles l.clandestinus (Lindl) Schltr., but the leaves are consistently shorter and relatively broader while the lobes are less unequal and subacute or almost rounded and very shortly lobulate. Florally the species has the trilobed lip, somewhat S-shaped spur and only slightly bilobed pollinarium stipes of A. clandestinus. Frencnu Guinea: Between Timbo and Conakry, Pobéguin 788 (not seen). Gotp Coast: Between Assin and Yan Kumassi, Cummino 87. Gabon: Fernand Vaz, Lecomte (Tyre): Lambaréné, Thollon (not seen); Koulamotou, Upper Ogoué River, Le Testu 7997. 11. Ancistrorhynchus refractus (Avracnzlin) Sum- merhayes comb, nov. Listrostachys refracta Wraenzlin in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 33 (1902) 74. Cyrtorchis refracta Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36, Abt. 2 (1918) 1382. It is difficult to see why Schlechter referred this spe- cies to Cyrtorchis since Kraenzlin described clearly the obese! characteristic A neistrorhynchus rostellum and the general structure of the flower is quite unlike that of Cyrtorchis. A. refractus is very close to, if not identical with, 4. laviflorus Mansf., from which it differs in the longer and narrower lip with the base widened to form rather ob- scure side-lobes, and in the shape of the spur. This tapers gradually from the mouth to the narrowest part whereas in A. laviflorus it tapers very little until it is suddenly contracted to a narrow neck just below the apical swell- ing. It still remains doubtful if these differences are really specific. TANGANYIKA Territory: Usambara, Derema, Scheffler 123 (Typr, not seen): Amani, Zimmermann. 12. Ancistrorhynchus Straussii Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 86, Abt. 2 (1918) 139. Angraecum Straussii Schlechter in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 38 (1906) 164—Rendle Cat. Talb. Nig. Pl. (1913) 106, 146. Cephalangraecum Straussii Summerhayes in Hutch- inson & Dalziel Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2 (1986) 462. Easily recognisable by the narrow and relatively short leaves and the small flowers, the perianth members being less than 2.5 mm. long. In column structure the species agrees with the other members of the genus. Nigerta: Oban, Talbot 940; Moliwe, Schlechter 15771 (Type); Eket, Talbot. Betaian Conoco: Ituri Forest, Chandler 2448. In addition to and evidently quite distinct from the above twelve species is a fruiting gathering (Mann 2123) from 5000 ft. altitude on the Cameroons Mountain doubt- fully referred to 4. Metteniae (KXraenzl.) Summerh. (sub Listrostachys Braunti Dur. & Schinz) by Rolfe in the Flora of Tropical Africa (vol. 7, p. 167). This has short strap-shaped leaves with slightly unequal rounded apices which are very finely denticulate-serrate. [214 | NOTES ON PERUVIAN ORCHIDS BY CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH In the course of my study of the orchid flora of Peru, the following amplifications and alterations appeared to be advisable. Koelensteinia peruviana Schlechter in Orchis 12 (1918) 28. In consideration of a collection, MeCarroll 84, which is surely referable to this species, as well as a minute examination of a photograph of the type collection, Ule 6691, it seems advisable to publish certain additional data and corrections to the published description. The description of A. peruviana specifies an abbre- viated rhizome and aggregated pseudobulbs, whereas McCarroll 84 has the pseudobulbs separated a distance of 4cem. ona stout sheathed rhizome. Of greater impor- tance, the pseudobulbs of this collection, as well as those of the type of A. peruviana and of K. tonoptera Linden & Reichb. f., are surmounted by a long slender caules- cent neck which may reach a length of 18.5 cm. The petiole of the leaf appears to be elongate and up to 11.5 cm. long. The floral segments are smaller than specified, the sepals being about 11.2 mm. long (as in the type of AK. peruviana) and not 14 to 15 mm. long as described. They are oblong-elliptic, elliptic or ovate as shown in the photograph of the type, scarcely oblong or ligulate- oblong as described. Finally, the lip is only about 6.2 mm. long and not 12 mm. long as described, and is not broadly clawed but sessile and articulated to the free portion of the column-foot. Peru: Dept. Puno, Sandia, Sta. Domingo area, at 1550 meters altitude, December 22, 1940, D. McCarroll 84. [ 215 | Chondrorhyncha lojae (Schlechter) C. Schweinfurth comb, nov. Keferstemia Lajae Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 8 (1921) 98; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 95, nr. 373. Apparently the only discrepancy between the concept Kefersteinia and the earlier genus Chondrorhyncha rests in the presence in Keferstemnia of a longitudinal keel on the anterior face of the column which character is appar- ently lacking in Chondrorhyncha. 1 believe that this dif- ference is not only inconsequential but often obscure and that Kefersteinia should become a synonym of Chondro- rhyncha. [ 216 ] rane ‘ BOTANICAL MUSEUM LEAFLETS HARVARD UNIVERSITY VoL. 11, No. 8 Cam BRIDGE, MassacuusetTts, JuLy 12, 1944 NOTES ON TROPICAL AMERICAN ORCHIDS II BY CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH IN THE COURSE of investigations on the orchids of Peru, the following reductions, discussions, amplifications and nomenclatorial notes were found to be advisable. Gomphichis plantaginifolia C. Schweinfurth nom. nov. Stenoptera plantaginea Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 10 (1912) 446; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beith. 58 (1930) t. 18, nr. 50. Gomphichis (as Gomphiches) plantaginea Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 10 (1922) 60, non G. plantaginea Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 50. Since the epithet, plantaginea, is illegitimate as it had already been used in the genus Gomphichis at the time when Stenoptera plantaginea was referred to that genus, the above new name is proposed. This species, which was originally described from Bo- livian material, now appears to be frequent in Peru, where it occurs in the Departments of Ayacucho, Cuzco and Puno. Gomphichis plantaginifolia differs from the Peruvian G. plantaginea in having avery densely flowered raceme and flowers with much narrower petals and dissimilar lip. O07] Lanium microphyllum (Lindl.) Bentham in Hooker Ic. Plant. 14 (1881) t. 1834—Cogniaux in Mar- tius Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 5 (1898) 28. Epidendrum microphyllum Lindley in Hooker Journ. Bot. 8 (1841) 85. Lanium peruvianum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 97; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 123, nr. 481. The superposed arrangement of the ovoid (not com- pressed) pollinia shows clearly that the concept Lanium is distinct from the genus H/pidendrum. Judging from the description and floral analysis of Lanium peruvianum, this concept is inseparable from the variable L. microphyllum. Epidendrum brachyphyllum Lindley Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (1858) p. 72, no. 225. Epidendrum Lindeni Lindley in Bot. Reg. 81 (1845) Mise. p. 48, no. 59; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (1853) p. 72, no. 227, non 7. Linden Lindley in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 12 (1848) 897. Epidendrum cuzcoense Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 82; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 117, nr. 460. Epidendrum tarmense Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 94; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 122, nr. 477. Epidendrum inconstans Ames in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58 (1981) 350. Judging from a record of the type of the Bolivian £/pi- dendrum brachyphyllum bearing an analytical drawing from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew, this concept in- cludes the Mpidendrum Lindenu which Lindley described in the Botanical Register of 1845. The latter concept is represented in our herbarium by a photograph of the type [ 218 ] specimen and a flower from this collection as well as by a specimen (Fendler 1452) cited as I’. Lindenii by Cogn- iaux (in Mart. F]. Bras. 8, pt. 5 (1898) 182). In the Ames Herbarium are also a large number of South American collections which have been referred to Epidendrum Lindenu originating from Venezuela (the type locality), Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil. Kpidendrum brachyphyllum was described trom a single small specimen about 15 cm. tall with rose-colored flow- ers. Its only notable difference from #. Lindenii is that the lateral divisions of the callus on the lip in J”. brachy- phyllim appear to be simple, whereas they are more or less bilobulate in 77. Lindenu. The latter species seems to be very variable both vegetatively (in height, stature, width of leaves, ete.) and florally (in the width of the petals and in the degree of laceration of the lobes of the lip). The Peruvian Mpidendrum cuzcoense is a large species 1 to 2 meters tall with leaves about twice as large as those of 11. brachyphyllum (but of about the same proportions) and slightly larger orange flowers. The petals are broad and similar to those of 27. brachyphyllum and the callus of the lip seems to resemble that of A. Lindeni. E’'pidendrum tarmense, also from Peru, is almost or quite as large a plant as 2”. cuzcoense. The flowers, which are brick-red are almost exactly the same size and form as those of 7. cuzcoense, but the petals are somewhat narrower and the lobes of the hp of slightly different proportion. Epidendrum inconstans was used by Ames to desig- nate I, Lindenti (1845), since the latter epithet was a homonym of £7. Lindeniti (1848). This variable and much collected species occurs widely in the northwestern parts of South America. The flow- ers range from golden yellow or orange to scarlet and [219°] various shades of pink, and rarely maroon or white forms occur. Epidendrum vanthinum Lindl. with yellow flowers is a species very closely allied to 2. brachyphyllum, but it appears to have a dissimilar less distinctly lobed callus on the lip. Epidendrum catillus Reichenbach filius & Warsce- wicz in Bonpl. 2 (1854) 112. Epidendrum vinosum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 96; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beth. 57 (1929) t. 122, nr. 480. The Colombian EHpidendrum catillus, which was de- scribed from a peduncled inflorescence only, is represent- ed in the Ames Herbarium by several drawings (with analyses of the lip) from the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna. The mid-lobe of the lip is shown as subquadrate- obovate and apiculate as described; but the basal cren- ulate callus is depicted as scarcely exceeding the base of the mid-lobe whereas it is described as extending from the base to the apex of the mid-lobe. In the Peruvian /. vinosum, of which I have seen sev- eral examples, the mid-lobe of the lip is ovate-lanceolate or ‘‘oblong-linguiform’’ (as described) and more or less abruptly acute. In these examples the crenulate callus is produced to about the middle of the mid-lobe or slight- ly above, whereas it is described and illustrated as scarcely produced above the base of the mid-lobe. In an Ecua- dorian collection reasonably referred to 2. catillus, how- ever, the mid-lobe is rather subquadrate with a truncate and apiculate apex and thus appears to be of a form in- termediate between LF. catillus and EH. vinosum. Asis characteristic of this group of Epidendrums, there is considerable variation in the exact formation of the de- tails of the lip. Accordingly, it seems advisable to include FE. vinosum in the concept &. catillus. [ 220 ] Epidendrum cornutum Lindley in Hooker Journ. Bot. 8 (1841) 86; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (18538) p. 48, no. 149. Epidendrum anthoceros Linden & Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 2 (1854) 281. Lpidendrum Pavonianum Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 4. (1856) 215. EMpidendrum melinoacron Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 88; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 119, nr. 468. ipidendrum anthoceros, of which I have seen a draw- ing (with analysis of the lip) made from the type in the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna, appears closely to resemble J. cornutum, as represented by a photograph of the latter species (bearing an analytical drawing of the lip) from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew. It has leaves very similar to the more robust Colombian specimen of Ie. cornutum which was mounted on the same sheet with the type, but has a more elongate raceme than is shown by even the more slender type of £7. cornutum. The only notable difference between these concepts, however, is that 17. anthoceros is represented as having minutely den- ticulate acute lateral lobes of the lip, whereas those of 7.cornutum are shown as entire and rounded at the apex. In Weberbauer 6300, previously identified as EH. antho- ceros, the lateral lobes are obscurely denticulate but rounded at the apex. Thus it appears reasonable to neg- lect these minute characters as of insufficient diagnostic weight. Lpidendrum Pavonianum Reichb.f., represented in the Ames Herbarium by a drawing (with analysis of the lip) from the Reichenbach Herbarium, appears to have somewhat shorter broader leaves than the otherwise sim- ilar H. cornutum. The lateral lobes of the lip, which are represented as entire and rounded, are described and shown as thickened inside the margins. [ 221 | Epidendrum melinoacron is typified by Weberbauer 6300, which collection was, as stated above, formerly identified as 7. anthoceros Lind. & Reichb.f. Like the latter concept, it has the rounded lateral lobes of the lip with denticulate margins and it resembles 2. Pavonia- num in having dorsally carinate sepals and centrally thick- ened lateral lobes of lip—characters which are not men- tioned in either Z’. cornutum or in Ef. anthoceros. Considering the evident variability of 2’. cornutum as interpreted by Lindley and the apparently obscure char- acters of the lateral lobes of the lip in the allied forms, it seems best to treat these concepts as variants of one polymorphic species. Epidendrum crassilabium Poeppig & I[ndlicher Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2 (1888) 1, t. 102. KE pidendrum variegatum Hooker in Bot. Mag. 59 (1882) t. 8151, nec Sw. (1788) nee Koen. in Retzius (1791). Epidendrum saccharatum Krinzlin in Orchis 2 (1908) 113, fig. 17. It appears, from a careful study of the description of EI. saccharatum from British Guiana, that this concept is referable to the extremely variable 2’. crassilabium which is more generally known as 2. variegatum. Slight dis- crepancies occur in the elongate creeping rhizome, the somewhat broader leaves and the more elongate pedicel- late ovaries attributed to 27. saccharatum. The full synonymy of this species is given in Ames, Hubbard & Schweinfurth The Genus Epidendrum in the United States and Middle America (1986) 85. Epidendrum cristatum Ruiz & Pavon Syst. Veg. (1798) 243. Epidendrum raniferum Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl. (1881) 109; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (1853) p. 58, no. 167. [ 222 ] Epidendrum validum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 95; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 122, nr. 479. An examination of typical material of the heretofore obscure species, Ivpidendrum cristatum, has convinced me of the identity of this concept with the widespread plant commonly known as H.raniferum Lindl. E.erista- tum apparently does not differ from the usual forms of this variable concept except in having more deeply di- vided lateral divisions of the lip. These lateral lobes con- sist of four divisions of which the posterior one is obliquely ovate-lanceolate and the three anterior divisions linear, spreading and successively longer toward the front. Full synonymy of Mpidendrum raniferum is given in Ames, Hubbard & Schweinturth The Genus Epiden- drum in the United States and Middle America (1986) 166. Epidendrum densifolium Avédnzlin in Fedde Re- pert. 1 (1905) 186. There has recently come to hand a specimen which must be referred to 27. densifolium. It agrees well with the type collection (of which I have seen an excellent photograph) except that the leaves appear to be slightly smaller and the inflorescence consists of a spreading pani- cle rather than of a ‘‘raceme’’ as described. The detached flower-cluster which appears in the type specimen is prob- ably a branch of a panicle and shows a strongly fractiflex rachis, whereas the rachis of the branches of the panicle in my specimen are at most slightly so. Peru: Department of Ayacucho, Prov. Huanta, mountains north- east of Huanta, on rocks in moist ravine, at 3100-3200 meters alti- tude, flowers greenish yellow, February 1-10, 1926, 4. Weberbauer 7507. Epidendrum difforme Jacquin Enum. Pl. Carib. (1760) 29 and Select. Stirp. Am. (1763) 223, t. 136. | B28: Epidendrum apaganum Mansfeld in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. & Mus. Berl. 10 (1928) 240. The features which appear to distinguish J”. apaganum from its allies are the robust growth, the oval-oblong emarginate leaves and certain features of the lamina of the lip notably the irregularly dentate outer sides of the lateral lobes and the entire obtuse terminal lobe. The leaf-form shown by the type of 4’. apaganum co- incides well with that illustrated for 27. difforme in Jac- quin Select. Stirp. Am. t. 186. Furthermore, a Peruvian collection (Alwg 0.5 trom the Department of Loreto) has an exactly similar growth and even larger leaves than those of #7. apaganum as well as a lip with precisely the measurements of that species; yet it has the lobing of the lip with the subentire sides and the transverse emar- ginate mid-lobe of typical 7. difforme. Frequently the outer sides of the lateral lobes of J’. difforme are some- what dentate and the mid-lobe of this polymorphic spe- cies is sometimes simple and obtuse as shown in the instance of £7. apaganum. Considering the almost inconceivable variability of 2. difforme, it appears wise not to recognize another ques- tionable segregate in this immediate alliance. For the full synonymy of J”. difforme, reference should be made to Botanical Museum Leaflets Harvard Uni- versity 2 (1984) 50-55. Epidendrum fimbriatum HBA. var. rhombo- glossum (A7riinzl.) C. Schweinfurth var. nov. EKpidendrum rhomboglossum Wrinzlin in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117 (1916) 28. Epidendrum integrilabium Ames & Schweinfurth in Sched. Orch. 8 (1925) 46. An examination of isotype material of Mpidendrum rhomboglossum (W eberbauer 6784) in the Gray Herbar- [ 224 ium, inthe Herbarium of the Field Museum and in the United States National Herbarium has convinced me that this concept has its only marked difference from the variable 7. fimbriatum in the entire or subentire (not deeply fimbriate-dentate) margins of the lip. In addition, this concept sometimes has larger leaves (up to 5.85 cm. long), often has larger flowers (sepals up to 8 mm. long), and the more strongly ovate lip is in varying degree longer than broad. Although J. rhomboglossum was treated as a synonym of 17. fimbriatum by Schlechter in his orchid flora of Peru (in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 147), it seems preferable to consider this entire-lipped form as a well-marked variety of J. fimbriatum. This conclusion is strengthened by the fact that the Bolivian Mpidendrum integrilabium, which was specifi- “uly separated from 17. fimbriatum by the entire margins of the lip, is nearly identical with 27. rhomboglossum. In E. integrilabium the lip tends to be ovate or rhombic- ovate rather than suborbicular in outline (as in #7. fimbri- atum), and thus approaches the lip of £7. rhomboglossum which is more distinctly narrowed above the middle, or lanceolate-ovate. Epidendrum Friderici-Guilielmi Warscewicz & Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 2 (1854) 110; in Nen. Orch. 1 (1856) 158, t. 51—Cogniaux Dict. Ie. Orch. Epiden- drum (1899) t. 12. Epidendrum Huacapistanae WKriinzlin in Fedde Re- pert. 1 (1905) 183. Judging from the description and an excellent photo- graph of the type of Mpidendrum Huacapistanae in the Ames Herbarium, it seems clear that this concept repre- sents a small form of #7. F’riderici-Guilielmi as exempli- fied by a photograph of authentic material of that species (presumably from the Reichenbach Herbarium) and by a Bolivian collection, Cardenas 1372. i 220) The leaves of H. F'riderici-Guilielmi appear to range from oblong-elliptic to oblong-obovate and from 15 to 28 em. long and as much as 8 em. wide, while those of //. Huacapistanae are oblong-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic and up to 14 em. long and 2.5 em. wide. The raceme of I. Huacapistanae is also much shorter than that shown by BH. Friderici-Guilielmi; but its floral segments, while markedly smaller than those of typical H. F’riderici- Guilieclmi, seem to be of almost exactly the same form, contour and color in the two concepts. Moreover, the two species were collected at nearly the same altitude. The Bolivian specimen referred to is a vegetatively large plant of quite the aspect and size of typical 7. Friderici- Guilielmi but with budded flowers whose segments are intermediate in size between the two forms. Epidendrum frigidum Linden ev Lindley in Bot. Reg. 31 (1845) Mise. p. 76, no. 48; Lindley Fol. Orch. EK. pidendrum (1858) p. 89, no. 286. Epidendrum macrodonax Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 88; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 119, nr. 467. A collection from Cuzco, Peru (Herrera 2119) is sure- ly referable to the Venezuelan EMpidendrum frigidum which is represented in the Ames Herbarium by a photo- graph of the type bearing an analytical drawing of the lip. It differs from this type, however, in having appar- ently larger flowers with a verrucose outer surface to the sepals—a character which is not mentioned in the type. The dorsal sepal, which is lanceolate-oblong, is about 11 mm. long and the obliquely lanceolate lateral sepals are about 12 mm. long. The Peruvian L/pidendrum macrodonax trom Huanuco, which reaches a height of 8 meters, varies from the Her- rera collection of 22. frigidum only in having somewhat [ 226 ]} smaller flowers (sepals 8 mm. long), broader (ovate- oblong) dorsal sepal and obtuse (not acute nor acumi- nate) lip. This species occurs in Peru (Cuzco and Husnuco (type of EH. macrodonax) ), Venezuela (type of 1. frigidum) and perhaps Colombia (Pasto). Epidendrum frigidum Linden ex Lindley var. stenophyton (Scih/tr.) C. Schweinfurth var. nov. Epidendrum stenophyton Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 98; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 121, nr. 476. This concept differs from EL. frigidum only in outward appearance. Its stems are either simple (as in J7. frigi- dum) or branched and they are much more slender, hav- ing a diameter of 4 mm. or less across the leaf-sheaths, whereas those of H. frigidum are about 10 mm. across. The leaf-sheaths are finely verruculose in the variety, whereas they appear to be merely rugulose in 11. frigt- dum. The leaves of var. stenophyton are small, being 5.6 cm. or less long and 8 mm. or less wide, whereas they are much larger in 27. frigidum. The inflorescences of var. stenophyton are always abbreviated and usually (but not always) racemose, whereas in J7. frigidum they are in- variably paniculate with commonly elongate branches. The flowers of this concept are slightly smaller than in E.. frigidum and they vary from greenish white (some- times with a faint pink tinge) to pale yellow, whereas those of H. frigidum are pale rose-colored. This variety is apparently well distributed in Peru, being found in Amazonas (type of 11. stenophyton), Cuzco and Hudnuco. It seems quite likely that the Jameson collection from Pasto (Colombia) cited as a form of £1. Srig oidum by Lindley (Fol. Orch. Epidendrum p. 89) as ‘‘weak and racemose, not panicled,’’ should be referred to this variety. Epidendrum geminiflorum Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1 (1816) 854—Lindley Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (1858) p. 49, no. 155. EH pidendrum cajamarcae Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 81; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 117, nr. 459. After careful comparison of the type description of LZ. geminiflorum, supplemented by photographic records of collections in the Lindley Herbarium identified as rep- resenting that species, with the description and floral analysis of Z7. cajamarcae, it is my opinion that the two concepts are synonymous and that Kriinzlin was correct in so identifying Weberbauer 4102 (the type of FE. caja- marcae Schltr. ). An Ecuadorian collection (attributed to 17. geminiflo- rum by Lindley) on the same sheet with apparently topo- type material of that species from Popayan (Colombia) has the slightly larger flowers with less acuminate sepals and petals specified for 2. eqjamarcae. It seems highly probable that the more acuminate character of the sepals in BH. geminiflorum may be largely due to their revolute nature. Otherwise the discrepancies between the con- cepts appear to be unimportant, all the more so in com- paring the lip of 2. geminiflorum as drawn by Lindley with that of 27. cayamarcae as depicted by Schlechter. Epidendrum Hartwegii Lindley in Bentham PI. Hartweg. (1844) 150; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (1853) p. 86, no. 1138. E’pidendrum fuscum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 84; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 118, nr. 463. Judging from the description and a floral analysis of E/pidendrum fuscum made under the direction of Dr. Schlechter, this species cannot reasonably be separated [ 228 } from #. Hartwegu. I have seen a drawing of the flower of the latter species traced from Lindley’s sketch on the type sheet, as well as specimens from Venezuela and Colombia identified as #. Hartwegu. The Peruvian collections which I identify as repre- senting 1. Hartwegu differ from the more carefully de- scribed 1. fuscum in having somewhat larger vegetative proportions throughout. The plant, which shows a creep- ing rhizome, averages about 80 cm. high from the rhi- zome. The pseudobulbs range from 9.5 to 17 em. (instead of 6.5-8 cm.) tall; the leaves vary from 15 to 20 cm. (instead of 10-14 cm.) long and 1.2—2.2 em. wide. One raceme appears to have about fourteen (instead of six to nine) flowers. The floral outline and measurements, how- ever, seem to be nearly identical with those of 27, fuscum. Epidendrum ibaguense (as ybaguense) Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth Nov. Gen. et Sp. Pl. 1 (1816) 352. E’pidendrum radicans Pavon ex Lindley Gen. & Sp. Orch. Pl. (1881) 104; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (1853) 70, no. 220. Epidendrum decipiens Lindley Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (1853) 70, no. 221. Epidendrum chrysostomum Reichenbach filius in All- gem. Gartenz. 24 (1856) 98. Epidendrum laetum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 6 (1919) 87; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 5, nr. 19. Epidendrum Baumannianum Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. Beih. 7 (1920) 126; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Re- pert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 44, nr. 169. Epidendrum fraternum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 7 (1920) 183; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 47, nr. 180. Eipidendrum Snuthu Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beth. [ 229 ] 7 (1920) 149; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 53, nr. 208. Epidendrum sororium Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 7 (1920) 150; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 58, nr. 204. Epidendrum huanucoense Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 86; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 118, nr. 465. A flower which was recently loaned to me from the type of the Colombian Epidendrum ibaguense and a photograph of that species from the Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle in Paris show that it is synonymous with /. radicans as represented by a photograph of the type spec- imen from the British Museum of Natural History in London, and by numerous specimens in the Ames Her- barium from Mexico and Central America. The only no- table difference between the concepts is that . radicans generally has long whitish roots proceeding from the stem (commonly opposite the leaf-joints), whereas in L’. ibag- uense no such roots appear. Furthermore, some specimens of EH. radicans are apparently destitute of these roots. It appears, moreover, that many examples of 2. radicans have petals which are broader than the sepals, rather than narrower, but this character is variable and not typical of the species. Both concepts have orange to vermilion flowers. For the synonymy of J. radicans, see Ames, Hubbard & Schweinfurth The Genus E/pidendrum in the United States and Middle America (1986) 162. Judging from a photograph of the type and co-type of Mpidendrum decipiens in the Ames Herbarium, this concept also cannot reasonably be separated from £7. ibaguense. This South American species also has orange flowers. In the drawing of the Peruvian E’pidendrum chrysos- tomum trom the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna, the [ 2380 ] lateral lobes of the lip are represented as obliquely and broadly subquadrate from a cordate base. Therefore, they seem to be quite similar to those of typical 7. chaguense even though these structures are described as ligulate. The leaves are said to exceed 10 cm. in length, whereas they are represented in the drawing as 6 cm. or less long (like the leaves shown in FE. tbaguense and EL. radicans). As figured, the flowers appear to be of approximately the size and quite the same form as those of £. ibaguense, and are described as dark garnet-red with a yellow lip. The Venezuelan Hpidendrum laetum, of which I have seen a drawing and analysis of the type (made under the supervision of Dr. Schlechter), seems to be very close to typical H. ibaguense but with slightly larger bright pur- ple flowers. The lateral lobes of the lip are coarsely in- cised-dentate like those of the co-type of HH. decipiens from British Guiana. The claw of the mid-lobe is rather short, yet distinct. The Colombian 47, Baumannianum, represented also by a floral analysis made under the supervision of Schlechter, appears to be inseparable from 27. tbaguense. The leaves are somewhat larger, but the flowers (of which there are no color-notes) are almost identical with that species save that the sepals and petals are subobtuse and not acute nor acuminate. Epidendrum fraternum from Colombia, illustrated by a floral analysis made under the supervision of Schlechter, isasmall-leaved species having nearly the same floral seg- ments as some forms of J7. radicans. The lip which is ‘rather shorter than that of HM. ibaguense has lacerate- dentate lateral lobes and the short subquadrate mid-lobe is little dilated at the apex. The presence of even this short claw on the mid-lobe inclines me to place this con- cept as asynonym of &. ibaguense rather than of its va- riety confluens. No color notes are given. [ 231 ] The Colombian Mpidendrum Smithi (represented by a photograph of typical material, a flower from the type and a floral analysis by Schlechter), is morphologically inseparable from typical 2. wbaguense, but has much smaller bright rose-purple flowers. Epidendrum sororium, also from Colombia and repre- sented in the Ames Herbarium by a floral analysis made by Schlechter, is a species with small leaves and rather small flowers. The petals which are lanceolate-elliptic and the lip which has a subquadrate mid-lobe with only ¢ slight apical dilation, are very similar to those of many specimens of the variable 7. radicans. Epidendrum huanucoense, from Peru, is described as a tall plant (about 150 cm. high) but has small rose-colored flowers of almost exactly the same size and form as those of H. Filomenoi. Indeed the single notable difference between these species is that the mid-lobe of the lip ap- pears to have an abbreviated claw or isthmus which places it as a synonym of FE. tbaguense rather than of var. con- Jluens. Epidendrum ibaguense HBX. var. confluens (Lindl.) C. Schweinfurth var. nov. Epidendrum fulgens Brongniart in Duperr. Voy. Co- quille Bot. Phan. (1834) 196, t. 483—Cogniaux in Mar- tius Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 5 (1898) 121. Epidendrum Schomburgkhu Lindl. var. confluens Lind- ley Fol. Orch. Kpidendrum (1858) p. 70, sub no. 219. Epidendrum calanthum Reichenbach filius & Warsce- wicz in Bonpl. 2 (1854) 111. Epidendrum paytense Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 3 (1855) 220. Epidendrum pristes Reichenbach filius in Gard. Chron, n.s. 26 (1886) 262. EK pidendrum caucae Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. [ 232 ] 7 (1920) 127; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 45, nr. 171. EL pidendrum Filomenot Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 88; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 117, nr. 461. This variety is separated from the species by the sessile or indistinctly clawed mid-lobe of the lip which varies in size in relation to the lateral lobes. Epidendrum fulgens (trom Brazil, British Guiana and Trinidad) has brilliant purple flowers which are a little larger than in typical £7. zbaguense. The petals are broad- ly oblong-elliptic to obovate and more or less entire; the lip has broadly rounded denticulate lateral lobes and a much smaller cuneate-retuse denticulate mid-lobe. Its proportions appear to be variable. Lipidendrum Schomburghu var. confluens is a combina- tion made by Lindley to represent J. fulegens Brongn. which he thought to be a variant of E. Schomburghw. Being the first varietal designation of this alliance, the epithet must be conserved. The type of Lpidendrum calanthum was described from only the upper part of a plant consisting of two more or less branched inflorescences with their flowers. In the sketch of this concept from the Reichenbach Herbarium in Vienna, the sepals and petals, which are described as oblong and acute, appear to be closely similar to those of EB. tbaguense. The sessile mid-lobe of the lip is ob- cordate and seems to be at least equally large with the lateral lobes. No notes of color are cited. Originally de- scribed from Peru, this concept occurs on the island of Guadeloupe and in Colombia. The latter collection (Leh- mann S177) differs from the type in having elliptic or oblong-elliptic petals and a prominently arcuate column. The Peruvian Mpidendrum paytense, exemplified in the Ames Herbarium by several drawings from the | 233 | Reichenbach Herbarium, is apparently a similar species with oblong-ovate to oblong leaves which are described as cartilaginous-denticulate on the margin (a character which is more or less marked in all specimens of this al- liance which I have examined). The sepals are shown as elliptic-lanceolate and the petals which are described as broader than the sepals, are lanceolate-elliptic or ‘‘cune- ate-rhombic’’ and minutely denticulate above. The lip appears to be very similar to that of J. calanthum except that the rounded lobules of the mid-lobe are described and sometimes shown as overlapping. The color is noted as vermilion, the lip being yellow and vermilion (or yel- low with few dark purple spots). Epidendrum pristes, described from a cultivated spec- imen of uncertain origin, is a slender plant with leaves minutely serrate. The drawing of an expanded flower, from the Reichenbach Herbarium, shows vermilion el- liptic-lanceolate sepals and petals, the latter being serrate above. The yellow vermilion-spotted lip has semiorbic- ular irregularly dentate lateral lobes and a smaller cuneate retuse mid-lobe. It appears to be very similar in form to the lip of L. fulgens Brongn. The Colombian /pidendrum caucae, represented in the Ames Herbarium by a floral analysis made by Schlechter, is a tall plant with adventitious roots as in £7. radicans, small leaves and orange flowers which are slightly larger than in typical 2. chaguense and very similar to those of EI. fulgens. The elliptic petals have slightly crenulate upper margins. The lip has an outline very similar to that of HH. fulgens with a mid-lobe which is relatively small and cuneate-flabellate. Kpidendrum Filomenoi, trom Peru, is described as a small plant up to 20 em. high, with small rose-colored flowers. The petals, which are elliptic-oblong and nar- rower than the sepals, have crenulate or erose margins. [ 234 | The lip has a form very similar to that represented for the lip of 2. calanthum. Among several Peruvian spec- imens referable to this form, one plant is over 69 cm. high (stem incomplete) with broadly elliptic-oblong leaves up to 8 em. long and 2.75 em. wide. Other col- lections have small ovate or narrow lanceolate-oblong leaves. In some cases, the lamina of the lip appears to be irregularly deep-lacerate or lacerate on one side and lobed on the other, rather than distinctly 8-lobed. Epidendrum ibaguense HBA. var. Schomburg- ku (Lindl.) C. Schweinfurth var. nov. Epidendrum Schomburghu WLindley in Bot. Reg. 24 (1888) Misc. p. 15, no. 16 & t. 58; Fol. Orch. Epi- dendrum (18538) p. 70, no. 219—Cogniaux in Mar- tius Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 5 (1898) 120. Epidendrum fulgens Focke in Tijdschr. Nat. Weten- sch. 4 (1851) 66, non LE. fulgens Brongn. Epidendrum splendens Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 98; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. Op (1929 a. TA), nr -A75, This variety differs from the species in the prominently acute or apiculate termination of the mid-lobe of the lip and in the acuminate or subacuminate sepals and petals. The flowers are commonly distinctly larger than in the other forms of this variable group. A flower preserved on the type sheet of Mpidendrum Schomburghu in the Lindley Herbarium shows sepals and petals which are strongly acuminate and a mid-lobe of the lip which is acute or apiculate (described as tri- angular at the apex). The flowers appear to be somewhat larger than those of typical £7. chaguense and they show considerable variation in size. The color of the flowers is said to be scarlet or vermilion. The Peruvian Epidendrum splendens appears to differ [ 285 ] from E. Schomburgki only in its larger flowers. Its se- pals are described as about 2.7 cm. long, whereas those of the type of #. Schomburgkii measure 1.5 em. in length. However, other specimens have sepals up to 8 cm. long, and in one Peruvian collection (Aillip & Smith 29181) referred to EH. Schomburght the petals, which slightly exceed the sepals, are about 3.8 cm. long. The dilated apex of the mid-lobe of J. splendens is described and figured as transversely oval, as is the case in some flow- ers depicted in the plate of typical . Schomburgku. In my opinion, pidendrum ibaguense is a highly poly- morphic species extending from Mexico through Central America and the West Indies to Brazil, Bolivia and Peru. Two closely allied species which are perhaps referable to this group are L/pidendrum cinnabarinum Salzm. and the rather indefinite 27. Moseniw Reichb.f. Epidendrum inamoenum A7éinz/in in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 87 (1906) 525. A collection which I have recently received from the Field Museum (No. 1051189) is undoubtedly referable to this species of which I have seen an excellent photo- graph of the type. The discrepancies are so noticeable, however, that it seems worthwhile to record them. Plant (lacking basal portion of stem) noted as 1 meter high; the type is about 18.5 em. in height. Leaves up to 8 cm. long and 1.7 cm. wide; the typical blades given as up to 4 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide. Inflorescence prominently recurved and about 9-flowered; the typical inflorescence is erect or slightly arcuate and only 4- to 5-flowered. Dorsal sepal broadly elliptic, about 11 mm. long and 5.4 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate- elliptic, about 12.2 mm. long and 6 mm. wide; the se- pals of the type are described as oblong, 9-10 mm. long and 4 mm. wide. Petals oblanceolate, about 10 mm. [ 236 ] long and 8.6 mm. wide; those of the type cited as ob- long, 7-8 mm. long and 8 mm. wide. Lip transversely broad-ovate, about 7.7 mm. long and 10.5 mm. wide; that of the type described as transversely oblong, 7 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad. There do not appear to be any distinct basal calli in this specimen, while the type is noted as having two basal calli adnate to the column. Peru: Apurimac, Prov. Andahuaylas, ravine north of Chincheros, at 2800 meters altitude, on shrubby hillside in a mixture of clay and gravel, February 27, 1939, H. E. Stork & O. B. Horton 10756. Epidendrum micranthum Lindley in Hook. Journ. Bot. 8 (1841) 88; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (1853) D2 39; No. 28s. A mblostoma holochilum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 10 (1912) 387; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 58 (1930) t. 40, nr. 158. In the description as well as in the floral analysis drawn on the sheet of typical H’pidendrum micranthum, the lip is oblong-quadrate or subquadrate-ovate and naked on the disc. Several Peruvian collections which I have seen recently are obviously inseparable from this species, but have lips which vary from oblong-cordate to rotundate- cordate and are more or less irregularly lobulate, especial- ly in the lower part. It is evident that the concept described and figured as Amblostoma holochilum should not be referred to that genus which is characterized by having subglobose pol- linia and a deeply trifid lip. The strongly flattened pol- linia place it unmistakably in Epidendrum. The general aspect and closely similar form and_ pro- portions of A mblostoma holochilum show that this concept should be included in Hpidendrum micranthum. Indeed, the only noteworthy discrepancies are that the apex of the hp is hghtly retuse and the dise bears a trilobulate eva callus—characters which appear, to a more or less marked degree, in some of the Peruvian specimens which are referable to 1. micranthum. Epidendrum moyobambae Arviinzlin in Fedde Repert. 1 (1905) 185. Epidendrum subpatens Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 17 (1922) 40; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 59, 2 (1981) t. 56, nr. 228. Epidendrum benignum Ames in Sched. Orch. 2 (1928) 26. Epidendrum amazonicum Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 42, Abt. 2 (1925) 78. An excellent photograph of the type of the Peruvian Epidendrum moyobambae, together with the description, shows that it includes the concepts heretofore represented by the Central American Z. subpatens Schltr. and £. benignum Ames. At most there are very slight differ- ences in measurements, but none in form. Epidendrum amazonicum is said to have erect-spreading or subspreading racemes, whereas they vary from sub- spreading to pendent in the other forms of this concept: otherwise the plant is nearly identical. It is evident that /pidendrum patens Sw. differs wide- ly from all forms of J. moyobambae because of its pan- iculate inflorescences and much smaller flowers. ‘These characters are well set forth by Fawcett & Rendle (Fl. Jam. 1 (1910) 89). This species extends from Guatemala (/), through Costa Rica and Panama to Trinidad, Colombia, Brazil and Peru. Epidendrum nephroglossum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 89; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Re- pert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 119, nr. 469. Since the original description of 2. nephroglossum is [ 288 ] quite misleading when compared with a photograph of the type, with the floral analysis above cited, and with several Peruvian collections referable to this species, it seems desirable to correct the original diagnosis. Plant epiphytic, variable. Roots fibrous, stout (not filiform), elongate. Stems loosely branching, up to more than 1 meter long according to collector’s notes, ascend- ing or arcuate (apparently not suberect as stated), entirely concealed by tubular sheaths which are scarious leafless and evanescent in the lower portions and leaf-bearing above. Leaves three to five in groups, distichous, more or less congested at the summit of the stem or on the short lateral branches, elliptic or oblong-elliptic to oblong- lanceolate (not ligulate), acute to subobtuse, up to 11.8 em. long and 2.6 em. wide, clasping at the base. Inflo- rescence racemose, at first more or less erect, becoming flexuous or pendent in anthesis, up to 18- (not 6-8) flow- ered, rather loose. Floral bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate (not elliptic). Flowers green or greenish white to yellow. Dorsal sepal ovate-elliptic (not oblong), up to 1.8 (not 1.1) em. long and 7.5 mm. wide, acute (not acuminate). Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-lanceolate, rarely elliptic- lanceolate (not oblong), acuminate, up to 2 (not 1.25) em. long and 9 mm. wide, commonly with a conspicuous dorsal keel. Petals distinctly shorter than the dorsal sepal (not subequal), acute or subacute (not short-acuminate). Lamina of lip suborbicular-cordate to reniform, lightly (not sharply) retuse, up to9 mm. long in the middle and 1.5 cm. wide. This species is apparently rather widely distributed in Peru, being recorded from the Departments of Apuri- mac, Huancavelica, Hudnuco and Junin (type), at alti- tudes ranging from 800 to 3100 meters. Epidendrum nocturnum Jacquin var. minus Cogniaux in Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 43 (1906) 823. [ 289 ] Epidendrum longicolle Lindley in Bot. Reg. 24 (1888) Mise. p. 84, no. 49; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (1853) p. 81, no. 255—Hooker in Bot. Mag. 71 (1845) t. 4165. Epidendrum oliganthum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 90; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 120, nr. 470. Epidendrum nocturnum Jacq. var. minor Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 27 (1924) 69, probably. On the sheet in Lindley’s Herbarium bearing the type of Hpidendrum longicolle from British Guiana are speci- mens from Brazil (San Gabriel, Spruce 2391) which have slightly broader (narrowly elliptic-oblong) leaves and smaller flowers than those of the type. All of these have been considered not only by Lindley but subsequently by Cogniaux (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5 (1898) 184) to represent E. longicolle and appear to be a good match for Cogniaux’ E.nocturnum var. minus from Peru. The character and measurements given for /. noctur- num Jacq. var. minus also correspond surprisingly well with those of the concept called H. oliganthum Schitr., concerning which the author says (in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 90): ‘‘Im Habitus erinnert die Art am meisten an J”. nocturnum L., doch sind die Bliiten kaum grosser als bei ZZ. longicolle Ldl.”’ Although no measurements are cited for the Colom- bian ZZ. nocturnum var. minor Schltr. (1.c.) and hence no positive means of identification is given, there appears to be little doubt that this form also represents the variety minus Cogn. It therefore seems advisable to treat all these small, slender, narrow-leaved plants with small flowers (all of varying proportions) as representing the var. minus of the widely variable #. nocturnum. Epidendrum Porpax Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 3 (1855) 220, non 1865. [ 240 | Epidendrum Matthewsi Reichenbach filius in Gard. Chron. n.s. 26 (1886) 458 and ser. 8, 2 (1887) 431. Lipidendrum gnomus Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 85; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 142, nr. 558. Epidendrum Matthewsu has already been reduced to the synonymy of #4. Porpax by Ames, Hubbard & Schweinfurth (The Genus Epidendrum in the United States and Middle America (1986) 152). On the basis of the description of ’. 2nomus amplified by a floral analysis made under the supervision of Dr. Schlechter, it appears certain that this concept is refer- able to #. Porpaw Reichb.f. (1855) which is represented in the Ames Herbarium by a photograph with floral drawings from the Reichenbach Herbarium, as well as by numerous collections extending from Mexico to Ven- ezuela. Apparently this same conclusion was formerly reached by Kranzlin. There appears to be no morphological difference be- tween these species, the only discrepancy being that FH. gnomus is smaller vegetatively than the usual plants of It. Porpax. However, the latter concept seems to be very variable in size of stem and leaves, and the charac- terization of I. gnomus agrees well with some portions of typical 17. Matthewsu trom Peru. Epidendrum Ruizianum Steudel Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, pt. 1 (1840) 558. E’pidendrum nutans Ruiz & Pavon Syst. Veg. (1798) 245, non Swartz 1788. E’pidendrum spathaceum Lindley in Hooker Journ. Bot. 3 (1841) 85; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (1853) p. 58, no. 166. A photograph of the type of Mpidendrum nutans Ruiz & Pav. (later renamed 1. Ruizianum Steud.) shows that [ 241 ] it includes the concept which Lindley described as 1. spathaceum from fragments ‘‘obtained by Mr. Mathews out of the herbarium of Ruiz and Pavon, preserved at Lima.’’ The only difference between these two species appears to be that in /’. spathaceum there is no indication of leaves, whereas in 7. nutans Ruiz & Pav. there are oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong obtuse leaves which are 14.5 to more than 16 em. long and 8—-8.5 em. wide. A Venezuelan specimen from Merida (A/fredo Jahn 984), which represents this species, bears similar leaves up to 28 cm. long and 8.3 cm. wide. Epidendrum Ruizianum is thus recorded trom Vene- zuela, Colombia and Peru (type). Epidendrum scabrum Puwiz & Pavon Syst. Veg. (1798) 248—Lindley Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (1858) p. 85, no. 271—Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 4 (1856) 215 —Cogniaux in Martius Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 5 (1898) 106. Epidendrum scabrum Ruiz & Pav. var. parviflorum Cogniaux in Martius Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 5 (1898) 107. Epidendrum lowense Lehmann & Kriinzlin in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 26 (1899) 469. Epidendrum cardiophyllum Wrinzlin in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 87 (1906) 5238. The original description of H’pidendrum scabrum is very brief and inadequate, merely saying: ‘‘E. foliis ovato-lanceolatis, marginibus vaginisque scabris, racemo terminali, nectari labio cruciformi. ”’ Fortunately, however, there is in the Ames Herbarium a photograph of the type of #7. scabrum from the Madrid Herbarium which shows the following characters. Stem (incomplete below) stout, leafy, apparently densely pus- tulose. Leaves numerous, distichous, horizontally spread- ing, with the internodes about 2 cm. long; lamina ovate- lanceolate or ovate-oblong, acute or short-acuminate, clasping at the broadly rounded base, up to 4.3 cm. long [ 242 ] and 1.8 cm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, shortly pe- duncled, recurved, loosely paniculate with three sub- parallel branches which are subdensely many-flowered. Floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, ascending, apparent- ly much shorter than the slender pedicellate ovary. The only flower which is distinctly shown reveals an oblong, acute dorsal sepal about 8.5 mm. long and an apparently shorter lateral sepal which is obliquely oblong-obovate, acute and basally adnate to the column. A suggestion of a cuneate-spatulate petal is indicated, but no distinct outline of the lip is shown. The Ecuadorian Epidendrum loxense, of which L have seen a specimen of the type number, has pustulose leaf- sheaths, but differs from 7. scabrum in having smaller ovate leaves up to 2.4 ¢m. long and 1.8 em. wide at in- tervals of 1.5 cm. or less. The inflorescence, which is either racemose or paniculate, has flowers with an oblong- elliptic dorsal sepal about 8.9 mm. long and obliquely oblong-obovate lateral sepals that seem to be exactly sim- ilar to the one shown in the photograph of 27. scabrum. The petals when flattened out are cuneate-spatulate. The lamina of the lip has obliquely rounded lateral lobes and a larger subquadrate mid-lobe with a truncate apex which is shghtly retuse and apiculate. In outline this latter organ might well be called cruciform. The Peruvian LMpidendrum cardiophyllum, which is represented in the Ames Herbarium by a photograph of the type, has scrabrous leaf-sheaths and ovate leaves up to 4 em. long and 1.85 cm. wide, at intervals of about 2.5 cm. The paniculate inflorescence shows flowers with sepals similar to those of 2. dowense and about 8 mm. long. The petals appear to be linear-spatulate. The lip is described as having orbicular lateral lobes and a sub- equally large mid-lobe which is broadly oblong and retuse-apiculate. [ 243 ] In one Peruvian collection (Weberbauer 6828) refer- able to B. seabrum, the leaves appear to vary from ovate- lanceolate to ovate in different plants, but the flowers are closely similar to those of #7. lowense. It therefore seems advisable to consider all of these concepts as representing a single variable species. The habitat of 7. scabrum was cited as ‘‘rocky moun- tains,’ that of J. /owense amid low thickets at 8000 to 3300 meters altitude, while 27. cardiophyllum was said to grow in damp open woods mingled with shrubs at 2600 to 83000 meters altitude. A Peruvian collection (Macbride 4887) is cited as growing on a ‘‘wet rocky sphagnum slope,’ at about 2700 meters elevation. The color of the flowers is given as sulphur yellow to clear yellow. This species is found in Colombia, Ecuador (type of E. lowense) and Peru (type of EH. seabrum and E. cardi- ophyllum). Epidendrum Scutella Lindley in Bot. Reg. 30 (1844) Mise. p. 88; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (1858) p. 49, no. 154. Epidendrum platyoon Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 91; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 120, nr. 473. A photograph of the type specimens of the Ecuadorian Epidendrum Scutella from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew shows that it includes Weberbauer 4101 which Kriinzlin determined as 27. Scutella but which Schlechter made the type of the Peruvian 27. platyoon. The only notable discrepancies between the concepts are that the leaves of 7. Scutella appear to be acute or subacute rather than obtusely bilobed, the inflorescences seem to be 8- or 4-flowered rather than commonly 1-flowered and the lip appears to be subobtuse to acute rather than strongly obtuse. [ 244 ] This species occurs in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador } (type) and Peru (type of Z’. platyoon). Epidendrum ventricosum Lindley in Hooker Journ. Bot. 8 (1841) 86; Fol. Orch. Epidendrum (1853) p. 44, no. 137. ipidendrum pachygastrium Krinzlin in Fedde Repert. 1 (1905) 183. After a careful comparison of these concepts which are both represented in the Ames Herbarium by records of the type collections, it appears that they are conspecific. Indeed the only discrepancies seem to be that in J. ven- tricosum (represented by a pen drawing with floral analy- sis) the leaves are narrower than those of 17. pachygastrium (exemplified by a photograph of the type and by a frag- ment of the type collection) and the calli at the base of the hp in £2. ventricosum are shown as subglobose, while those of 7. pachygastrium are described as rather long. Peru: No locality, Mathews 1869 (type); Department of Amazonas, Valley of the Utcabamba River south of Chachapoyas, at 3000 meters altitude, on branches of sclerophyllous vegetation, consisting mainly of bushes interspersed with trees, 4. Weberbauer 4298 (as E.pachygas- trium). Bifrenaria Lindley Lindleyella Schlechter Lindleyella, a genus founded by Schlechter (Die Oreh- ideen (1914) 414), isa segregate from Bifrenaria Lindl., based on B. aurantiaca Lindl. The reason for separating this generic concept from the variable genus Bifrenaria was claimed to be the presence of an elongate claw to the lip of this species, and the fact that the lateral lobes were abrupt and separated by a conspicuous callus. It is a fact, however, that at least one species of true Bifrenaria (B. sabulosa Rodr.) has an equally elongate [ 245 ] lip-claw and lateral lobes nearly as abrupt as those in the concept Lindleyella. Furthermore, Lindleyella auranti- aca is the only species of that genus to conform with Schlechter’s requirements. All of the other species so far referred to Lindleyella (L. bicornaria (Reichb.f.) Schitr., L. floribunda Schltr., L. picta Schltr. and L. saxicola Schltr.) have a short or very short claw to the lip, less abrupt lateral lobes and an additional callus near the claw. Finally, the concept Lindleyella shows the same short mentum exemplified by the type species of Bifren- aria (B. atropurpurea (Lodd.) Lindl. ). Therefore, since there is such a close vegetative simi- larity, as well as a general morphological agreement of the floral segments and even of pollinia, between these concepts and species of the genus Bifrenaria, I find it impossible to accept Lindleyella as a valid segregate. In conformity with these views, the following trans- fers become necessary : Lindleyella floribunda Schltr. (in Fedde Repert. Beih. 27 (1924) 84) = Bifrenaria floribunda (Sch/ltr.) C. Schweinfurth comb, nov. Lindleyella picta Schltr. (in Fedde Repert. Beih. 27 (1924) 1783; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 58 (1930) t. 50, nr. 200)= Bifrenaria picta (Sc//tr.) C. Schweinfurth comb, nov. Lindleyella saaicola Schitr. (in Fedde Repert. Beih. 27 (1924) 143) = Bifrenaria saxicola (Sch/tr.) C. Schweinfurth comb. nov. In the Ames Herbarium (No. 26989), there is a spec- imen labelled Lindleyella picta Schltr. from near Buena- ventura, Colombia, sent by C. W. Powell and determined by Dr. Schlechter. Since these data are cited under the type description, this collection may reasonably be con- sidered to be an isotype. The flower is a close approxi- [ 246 } mation to that of the type, as described and illustrated, except that the callus at the base of the lip is scarcely bilobulate as figured but appears to be a convex irregu- larly verrucose thickening. The lamina of the leaf is about 26 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, whereas the description postulates a leaf-blade 15 em. long and almost 5 cm. wide. A collection from Panama represents a closely similar but even larger plant than described for Lindleyella picta, being 45-60 cm. high according to the collectors’ notes. The pseudobulb is only about 4 cm. high, instead of 5 cm. as specified. The lamina of the leaf is about 27 cm. long (nearly twice as long as the one typified) and is about 6.8 cm. wide; the petiole also is somewhat longer than described. The slightly larger flowers differ only in hav- ing a somewhat longer subquadrate lower portion of the hip and little narrower lateral lobes. Panama: Province of Darien, Chepigana District, Cana-Cuasi Trail (Camp 1), at 800 feet altitude, March 18, 1940, M.E. and R.A. Terry 1616 (Herb. Field Mus. No. 1034503). Lindleyella saxicola was based on a Colombian speci- men (Cundinamarca 4. Schultze 20), but I have recently seen acollection from Peru (Loreto, G. Klug 0.3). The plants forming this latter collection, while showing some variability, have generally much larger vegetative dimen- sions than those attributed to the type, but the floral measurements are very similar. The roots are very stout (about 2-3 mm. thick), rather than ‘‘filiform’’ ; the pseu- dobulbs are about 4 em. high, as contrasted with 2—-2.7 em. high; the leaves, which are acute and not ‘‘acumi- nate,’’ range from 18 to 80 cm. long, instead of **15—20 em.,” and reach a width of 6.6 em., as contrasted with a maximum width of ‘‘6 em.’’; the petiole is elongate, ranging from 8 to 18 cm. long, instead of ‘‘38—3.5 cm.””; the inflorescence reaches about 55 em. in length, con- [ 247 ] trasted with ‘‘up to 30 em.”’; and the raceme is 19- to 22-flowered, instead of ‘‘8- to 12-flowered.”’ In another collection (Santander der Sur, Colombia, Lawrance 850) the vegetative portions are lacking, but the flowers are slightly smaller than typical, with nar- rower segments, rhombic-lanceolate petals and narrower lip with more cuneate claw. Lycaste macrophylla Lindley in Bot. Reg. 29 (1843) Mise. p. 14—Ch. Morrenin Ann. Soc. Bot. Gand. 4 (1848) 873, t. 221—Cogniaux in Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5 (1902) 457. Mawillaria macrophylla Poeppig & Endlicher Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1 (1886) 87, t. 64—Lindley in Bot. Reg. 24 (1838) Mise. p. 92. Lycaste plana Lindley in Bot. Reg. 28 (1842) Mise. p. 85; in Bot. Reg. 29 (1848) t. 85. Lycaste Filomenoi Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 100; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 124, nr. 486. Except for the concept Lycaste Filomenoi, reductions to synonymy have already been made. Lycaste Filomenoi, which was described only from a flowering scape, appears to differ from the variable L. macrophylla only in having slightly smaller flowers with petals noticeably broader than the sepals. This character, while apparently not mentioned for 1. macrophylla, is indicated in some of its illustrations and is seen in some specimens referred to L. plana. This specics has been recorded widely in northern South America—Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia and es- pecially Peru—and locally in Central America. [ 248 ] HASAN, UNIVERS: | LIBRARY FEB 1 1945 A ren BOTANICAL LEAFLETS HARVARD UNIVERSITY CampripGr, Massacnusetrs, Fresruary 1, 1945 Voit. 11, No. 9 AFRICAN ORCHIDS. XV BY V.S. SUMMERHAYES (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) THIS PAPER CONTAINS the descriptions of a number of new species of Microcoelia and Angraecopsis, two new combinations and some new records. The type specimens of the new species are all in the Kew Herbarium. Nervilia petraea (4fzelius ex Persoon) Summer- hayes comb. nov. Arethusa petraea Afzelius ex Swartz in Kong. Vetens. Acad. Handl. Stockh. 21 (1800) 280, nomen tantum — Afzelius ex Persoon Synops. Pl. 2 (1807) 512, descr. Pogonia Thouarsii Rolfe in Dyer Fl. Trop. Afr. 7 (1897) 187, non Blume. Nervilia Afzeli Schlechter in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 45 (1911) 402—Summerhayes in Hutchinson & Dalziel Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2 (1936) 420. From Persoon’s description it is evident that he was dealing with the same plant as that referred to Pogonia Thouarsu Bl. by Rolfe and later separated by Schlechter as Nervilia Afzelii. In each case the specimen collected by Afzelius in Sierra Leone is the only one cited. N. petraea is the only African species with hair-like out- growths on the apical part of the lip, which is also some- what lacerate in front. It has since been found in other parts of West Africa and in Uganda. [ 249 | Bulbophyllum Josephi (Auntze) Summerhayes comb, nov. Bulbophyllum aurantiacum Hooker filius in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Bot. 7 (1864) 219, non F. Mueller. Phyllorchis Josephi Kuntze in Rev. Gen. PI. (1891) O76. Bulbophyllum Gustavi Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. 9 (1911) 165. Although the generic name Bulbophyllum Thouars is now conserved against Phyllorchis Thouars, this was not the case when Kuntze proposed the new epithet Josephi on transferring B. aurantiacum Hook.f. to Phyllorchis. The epithet is therefore quite legitimate and must be used for the species if it is retained in Bulbophyllum. Schlechter evidently overlooked this when he proposed the new epithet Gustav: many years later. Microcoelia (§ Eu-microcoelia) corallina Swm- merhayes sp. nov.; attinis M. Hirschbergu Summerh. et M. Perrieri (Kinet) Summerh.; ab illa florum colore, sepalis brevioribus latioribusque lateralibus valde obli- quis, labello orbiculari nee elliptico, calcari apice magis inflato, viscidio elliptico; ab hac inflorescentiis multo brevioribus floribus densioribus, labello sessili lobis later- alibus nullis, sepalis uninerviis obtusis apiculatis distin- guitur. Herba pusilla, epiphytica, aphylla; caulis brevissimus, circiter 1 cm. longus, radices crassiusculas 2-8.5 mm. diametro flexuosas simplices vel pauciramosas glabras densissime emittens. Jnflorescentiae erectae vel adscen- dentes, simpliciter racemosae, 1—2.5 cm. longae, fere ad basin dense multiflorae, basi cataphyllis imbricatis obtu- sis vel acutis instructae ; bracteae circiter 1 mm. distantes, lanceolatae, acuminatae, 1-1.5 mm. longae. Fores pa- tentes, albi, nitentes, corallino-roseo notati; pedicellus [ 250 | cum ovario 4-6 mm. longus. Sepaluwm intermedium ovato-ellipticum, apiculatum, vix 2.5 mm. longum, 1.5 mm. latum; sepala lateralia valde obliqua, ovata, apic- ulata, plus 2.5 mm. longa, 1.7 mm. lata. Petala ellip- tico-oblonga, apice subtruncata, apiculata, basi subito angustata, marginibus sinuosis, sepalo dorsali aequilonga, 1.4mm. lata; omnia tepala uninervia, saccis erystalliferis magnis instructa. Labellum sessile, orbiculare, apice re- tusum, basi columnam levissime amplectens, 2.8 mm. longum et latum, valde concavum; calear dependens, dimidio inferiore cylindricum, superiore anguste ovoideo- inflatum, 5 mm. longum. Columna brevissima, crassis- sima, apice+ truncata, androclinio leviter excavato, re- clinato; anthera duplo latior quam altior, rotundata; pol- linia oblique ovoideo-pyriformia, fere 0.5 mm. longa, stipite uno subspathulato-ligulato leviter sigmoideo 0.4 mm. longo, viscidio transverse elliptico 0.2 mm. lato; rostellum breviter productum, obtusum. TANGANYIKA Trrrtrory: Luengera Valley, N. of Korogwe, at Ma- goma, 450 m. alt., epiphytic on isolated tree in very little shade, Dec. 1942, Native Collector; comm. W.M. & R.E. Moreau 448. ‘‘Flower glistening white with coral-pink column, spur, central line on sepals and petals and spot at base of labellum; no scent.’ This charming little species very closely resembles M. HMirschbergu Summerh. in general habit, especially the very dense tuft of smooth grey roots, and also in the general structure of the flower. In details, however, there are numerous differences, and the color of the flow- ers is very different, M. Hirschbergii having two brown spots at the base of the lip, the flowers being otherwise pure white. A striking feature of M. corallina is the presence of large crystal-containing sacs in the tepals es- pecially near both sides of the central nerve. Microcoelia (§ Eu-microcoelia) ericosma Sw- merhayes sp. nov.; affinis M. Guyonianae (Reichb.f.) [ 25r | Summerh. a qua radicibus tenuioribus magis ramosis, floribus crebrioribus fragrantibus, tepalis latioribus ob- tusioribusque differt. Herba epiphytica, aphylla; caulis brevis vel brevissi- mus, usque ad 4 cm. longus, 2-4 mm. diametro, apice ‘cataphyllis scariosis lanceolatis acuminatis arcte imbrica- tis vestitus, radices numerosas flexuosas multo ramosas 1-2 mm. diametro glabras emittens. Inflorescentiae erec- tae vel suberectae, simpliciter racemosae, 4-9 cm. longae, densiuscule multiflorae; pedunculus 1-2.5 cm. longus, vaginis 4—5 obtusis instructus, ut rhachis pluriangulatus vel suleatus; bracteae 1-8 mm. distantes, lanceolatae, acutissimae vel acuminatae, circiter 1 mm. longae. J/ores patentes vel erecto-patentes, albi, caleari apice carnoso, suaveolentes; pedicellus cum ovario 2-8 mm. longus. Sepala elliptica, rotundata vel brevissime apiculata, basi angustata, lateralia leviter obliqua, 2.4-8.4 mm. longa, 1.38-1.75 mm. lata, uninervia. Petala late elliptica, ro- tundata, basi angustata, 2.5-8.25 mm. longa, 1.3-1.85 mm. lata, uninervia. Labellum ellipticum vel oblongo- ellipticum, apice rotundatum vel leviter emarginatum, ralde concavum, 2.4-3.3 mm. longum, 1.8—1.6 mm. la- tum, trinervium; calcar ex ore latiusculo incurvatim conicum, dimidio apicali cylindricum, obtusum, 2.5-38 mm. longum. Columna brevis, crassa, apice truncata, androclinio leviter excavato reclinato; anthera late sub- hemisphaerica, antice breviter producta, truncata: pol- linia ovoideo-sphaerica, 0.4 mm. longa, stipite uno ligu- lato superne subspathulato-dilatato leviter sigmoideo 0.4-0.6 mm. longo, viscidio quadrato antice latiore trun- cato 0.3-0.4 mm. longo; rostellum breviter deorsum productum, latum. TANGANYIKA Terrirory: Kilimanjaro, Marangu, epiphytic on large tree, Nov. 1941, Forest Guard; comm. W. M. & R. E. Moreau 106. **Flower white, tip of spur and pedicel pale pink, anther yellow; scent like heather’’; same locality, Dec. 1932, Geilinger 4207; Amani, [ 252 | Bomole, 907 m. alt., on tree at edge of rain forest, Dec. 1941, Mo- reau [11 (Tyrer). ** Flower white including pedicel, only extreme tip of spur flesh pink, anther deep yellow ; diurnal scent resembling Ling’’ Amani, 750 m. alt., epiphytic on Parinari sp., Dec. 1941, Moreau 112. “Flower white, pedicels and tip of spur yellowish flesh-coloured, scented.”” A characteristic member of sect. Au-microcoelia only to be distinguished from some other species by careful examination. The distinguishing features are the heather- scent, in allusion to which the specific epithet is given, the broad and obtuse constantly 1-nerved tepals which are devoid of colored or thickened median band and are almost devoid of crystal-containing sacs, and the rather slender much branched roots. It is evident that there are a number of species closely allied to MW. Guyoniana (Reichb.f.) Summerh., differing in combinations of rather minute but, I think, quite significant characters. Whether these are true species or only local geographical races or varieties of one widely distributed species can only be decided when much more material is available. Microcoelia (§ Eu-microcoelia) obovata Swm- merhayes sp. nov.; aftinis M. Guyonianae (Reichb.f.) Summerh. a qua radicibus crassioribus dense papillosis, floribus duplo majoribus, labelli lamina quam caleari plus duplo longiore facile distinguenda. Herba epiphytica, aphylla; caulis brevissimus circiter lcm. longus, apice cataphyllis numerosis scariosis acutis dense imbricatis coronatus, radices fere simplices crassas 2-4 mm. diametro dense papillosas emittens. Jnflores- centiae erectae vel adscendentes, simpliciter racemosae, 5-9 cm. longae, fere ad basin laxiuscule 5—80-florae ; rhachis teres vel leviter angulata; bracteae 3-5 mm. dis- tantes, e basi vaginanti triangulari-ovatae, acutae, 1-2 mm. longae. Fores suberecti, albi, nitentes, calearis apice et columna aurantiacis; pedicellus cum ovario cir- citer 4-5 mim. longus. Sepa/wm intermedium lanceolato- Bace oblongum, apiculatum, 5 mm. longum, fere 2 mm. latum; sepala lateralia praesertim prope basin obliqua, oblonga, apiculata, 5.5 mm. longa, fere 2 mm. lata; omnia sepala trinervia. Petala leviter oblique oblanceolato-oblonga, acuta, 5.25 mm. longa, 2—2.25 mm. lata; sepala et pet- ala saccis crystalliferis distinctis instructa. Labellum late obovatum, apice rotundatum leviter retusum apiculo in- terjecto, 7.5-8 mm. longum, circiter 5.25 mm. latum; ‘alear conico-cylindricum e basi latiuscula sensim angus- tatum apice obtusum, leviter incurvatum, circiter 8.5 mm. longum. Colwmna crassa, brevis, 1 mm. alta, an- droclinio leviter excavato; anthera subhemisphaerica, antice breviter producta retuse truncata; pollinia reni- formi-pyriformia, vix 0.5 mm. longa, stipite uno ligulato sigmoideo, viscidio anguste oblongo-elliptico 0.4 mm. longo; rostellum deorsum productum, deltoideum, vis- cidio amoto fere ad basin bipartitum, 0.5 mm. longum. TANGANYIKA Trrrirory: Luengera Valley, north of Korogwe, near Magoma, 450 m. alt., epiphytic on small tree in grassland, Dec. 1942, Native collector; comm. W. M. & R. FE. Moreau 445A. ** Flowers glistening white, column and tip of spur orange; no scent.”’ This interesting species agrees completely with section Eu-microcoelia in the column structure and relatively short spur but possesses an exceptionally large lip, thus making the flowers much larger than in the other species of the section. The roots are very stout and densely cov- ered with erect hyaline papillae which give the surface a curious matt appearance. M. Guyoniana (Reichb. f.) Summerh. is probably the nearest relative but that spe- cies has more slender and smooth roots, and flowers about half the size. Among a collection of spirit specimens of leafless An- graecoids received recently from Mr. W. J. Eggeling of the Uganda Forestry Service, are several new records for that country. [ 254 | Microcoelia caespitosa (Rolfe) Summerhayes in Hutchinson & Dalziel Fl. West Trop. Afr. 2 (1986) 454, et in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 11 (1948) 151. Ucanpa: Bunyoro, Budongo Forest, Siba area, fl. Sept. 1943, Eg- geling 5238, This species has previously not been found farther east than Kalain the Belgian Congo, but it is evidently spread throughout the Equatorial rain-forest region. Microcoelia microglossa Swmmerhayes in Hutch- inson & Dalziel Fl. West. Trop. Afr. 2 (1986) 454, et in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 11 (1943) 147. Ucanpa: Bunyoro, Budongo Forest, fl. Oct. 1943, Eggeling 5450. AAs this species was known only from Southern Nigeria the above gathering records an extensive increase in its known geographical range. It is probable that it also occurs in the Belgian Congo. Encheiridion macrorrhynchium = (Schlechter) Summerhayes in Bot. Mus. Leafl, Harv. Univ. 11 (1943) 162. Ucanpa: Bunyoro, Budongo Forest, fl. March 1943, Eggeling 5213. This again represents a considerable extension of the range of the species, the most easterly location known previously being in the Gabon. The excellent state of preservation of the material en- ables me to correct some of my opinions and statements in the reference cited above. In the Eggeling material the true side-lobes of the lip are clearly developed on the outside of the triangular calli, although these are adnate to them. The side-lobes are transversely rectangular- elliptical, very broad (approximately 2 mm. broad _be- tween the base of the column and the claw of the middle lobe), very short, and rounded-truneate. The stipes of the pollinarium can be seen to be articu- [ 255 late with the narrow ligulate viscidium; in the upper part it is very fleshy and rounded-triangular in section, the widest flattened surface resting on the rostellum and androclinium. ‘The two pollinia are attached by threads to the centre of the more or less truncated apex. Angraecopsis breviloba Summerhayes sp. nov.; ab A. parviflora (Thou.) Sehitr. foliis minoribus, inflores- centis brevioribus dense multifloris, petalis liberis tri- angulari-lanceolatis, labelli lobis lateralibus ad dentes redactis, calcari satis breviore valde inflato distinguenda. Herba epiphytica nana; caulis brevissimus, circiter 1 cm. longus, radices numerosissimas flexuosas simplices applanatas circiter 1.5-8 mm. latas dense emittens. Folia pauca, cito decidua, ligulata, usque ad 8 em. longa et 5 mm. lata, apice obtusa brevissime bilobulata, obscure viridia. Inflorescentiae patentes vel adscendentes, usque ad 7 cm. longae, dense multiflorae; pedunculus 1-2 cm. longus, vaginis paucis instructus; rhachis flexuosa, an- gulata; bracteae 2-4 mm. distantes, arcte vaginantes, obtusae vel acutae, 1—-2.5 mm. longae. Flores secundi, patentes vel adscendentes, pallide virides; pedicellus cum ovario circiter 4 mm. longus. Sepa/um intermedium + recurvatum, oblongo-lanceolatum, subacutum vel obtu- sum, 8-4.5 mm. longum, 1-1.5 mm. latum; sepala later- alia et parallela porrecta, e basi angustata oblique curva- tim lanceolata, acuta, 4-5.5 mm. longa, J-1.5 mm. lata. Petala libera, oblique triangulari-lanceolata, acuta, 2.75- 4mm. longa, prope basin 1-1.5 mm. lata; omnia tepala trinervia. Labellum leviter incurvatum, dimidio inferiore breviter trilobatum, totum 8.75—4.5 mm. longum; lobus intermedius carnoso-subulatus, 2.5-3 mm. longus; lobi laterales dentiformes, subacuti, carnosi; calear dependens vel leviter incurvatum, e basi angusta valde inflatum, 4.25-4.75 mm. longum, circiter 1 mm. diametro. Col- [ 256 ] umna subteres, truncata, 0.65-1 mm. longa, androclinio leviter excavato; anthera hemisphaerica, antice truncata: pollinia ovoideo-globosa, 0.5 mim. longa, stipitibus duo- bus genuflexis apice conniventibus, viscidio communi oblongo postice leviter retuso subtus concavo 0.6 mm. longo: rostellum leviter productum, porrectum, viscidio amoto bilobum, lobis obtusis. Capsulae ellipsoideae vel anguste pyriformi-ellipsoideae, 7-9 mm. longae, 2.5—4 mm. diametro, cum pedicello 2 mm. longo. Kenya Cotony: Ngong, near Nairobi, on forest trees, May 1934, C. van Someren, Coryndon Mus. No. 3653: Tana River basin, steppes of the Thika-thika, July 1893, Gregory. TANGANYIKA Trerrirory: Mondul, W. of Arusha, 1800 m. alt., on bole of tree 30 ft. from ground, May 1942, Moreau 304 (Tyrer); Mbulu, on bole of forest tree 12 ft. from ground, June 1942, Moreau 304 A; Kilimanjaro, Marangu, 1350 m. alt., on tree in river rain forest, in fruit, Nov. 1941, Moreau 107. This species and the allied 4. tenuicalcar Summerh. and Al. amaniensis Summerh. are characterised by the nature of the pollinarium in which there is a single ob- long viscidium to which the pollinia are attached by short stipites which arise close to one another, are then bent outward rather like knees, and converge again to ap- proach one another at their apices where the pollinia are attached. So far, only 4. parviflora (Thou.) Schltr.) has been recorded as possessing a common viscidium to the two stipites, but in this species the pollinarium is other- wise very different. 4. parviflora, however, has the petals broadly triangular with the anticous margin united to the dorsal sepals and a trilobed lip with quite long lateral lobes. A. breviloba, although lacking some of the more char- acteristic Aneraecopsis characters, e.g. the petals as de- scribed above, seems correctly referred to the genus on account of the general habit and small leaves, the curious subspathulate-lanceolate lateral sepals held forward in a parallel manner on each side of the lip, the trilobed lip [ 257 ] and the column and rostellum structure. The petals are similar to those of A. tridens (Lindl.) Schltr. but the anticous margins are not quite so dilated as in that spe- cies. In none of the species so far described is the spur so swollen as in A. breviloba. Angraecopsis tenuicalcar Swmmerhayes sp. nov.; ab A. breviloba Summerh. floribus paulo majoribus, ped- icellis fere duplo longioribus, caleari cylindrico tenuis- simo, pollinii stipitibus minus genuflexis; ab 4. ischnopo (Schlitr.) Schltr. petalis liberis anguste triangularibus, labelli lobis lateralibus brevissimis rotundatis, pollinii viscidio uno communi distinguitur. Planta epiphytica, nana; caulis brevissimus, fere 1 em. longus, radices numerosas flexuosas simplices applanatas 2-8 mm. latas emittens. Molia 2-8, cito decidua, ligu- lata, acuta, circiter 2.5 cm. longa et 8 mm. lata, sub- carnosa, obscure viridia. Inflorescentiae dependentes vel patentes, tenues, 4-8 cm. longae, sublaxe multiflorae ; pedunculus brevis, vaginis paucis instructus; rhachis teres, gracilis; bracteae 4-6 mm. distantes, vaginantes, obovatae, obtusae, circiter 2 mm. longae. Fores secundi, suberecti vel adscendentes, cremel, fragrantes ; pedicellus cum ovario 7-8 mm. longus, filiformis. Sepa/um inter- medium anguste lanceolato-ellipticum, acutum, circiter 4mm. longum, 1 mm. latum; sepala lateralia parallela et porrecta, ex ungue angusto curvatim lanceolata (vel an- guste subspathulato-lanceolata), acuta, 6.75 mm. longa, 1mm. lata. Petala libera, anguste lanceolato-triangularia, obtuse acuta, margine antica rotundato-dilatata, 4.5 mm. longa, basi 1.5 mm. lata; omnia tepala trinervia. Labellum \eviter incurvatum, infra medium trilobatum, totum 5.5 mm. longum, inter lobos laterales fere 2 mm. latum; lobus intermedius lineari-subulatus, 83 mm. lon- gus; lobi laterales brevissimi, triangulari-rotundati; cal- [ 258 ] ‘ar incurvatim dependens, cylindricum, tenuissimum, haud dilatatum, 10-12 mm. longum. Colwmna semi- teres, circiter 1 mm. longa, androclinio leviter excavato; anthera fere hemisphaerica, antice haud producta; pol- linia ovoidea, 0.85 mm. longa, stipitibus duobus leviter genuflexis teretibus polliniis aequilongis, viscidio uno communi oblongo postice leviter retuso 0.6 mm. longo convexo; rostellum breviter productum, lobis obtusis. TanGanyikKa Territory: West Usambaras, Shunie, on bole of tree at forest edge, March 1942, Moreau 325 (Type). Very similar in general appearance and basic floral structure to A. breviloba Summerh. especially the pol- linarium, but easily recognised by the relatively long slender tapering spur and other minor points mentioned in the diagnosis. A. tenwicalear strongly resembles A. ischnopus (Schitr.) Schltr. from the Cameroons, but that species has broadly triangular petals adnate to the lateral sepals, a strongly trilobed lip with long lateral lobes and two separate viscidia to the pollinia. Angraecopsis amaniensis Stwnmerhayes sp. nov. ; affinis fl. tenwicalcar Summerh. a qua floribus viridibus, sepalis praesertim lateralibus brevioribus, inter se aequal- ibus superne incrassatis, caleari crassiore, columna brevi- ore satis distinguenda. Planta epiphytica, nana; caulis brevissimus, circiter 0.5 em. longus, radices numerosas flexuosas simplices applanatas+80 cm. longas, 2-4 mm. latas, griseo-virides emittens. Molia 1-2, cito decidua, usque ad 1.5 em. longa, obscure viridia. Inflorescentiae dependentes vel patentes, 1.5-4 cm. longae, subdense pluri- ad multi- florae; pedunculus brevis, usque ad 1 cm. longus, vagi- nis paucis instructus; rhachis leviter fractiflexa, gracilis; bracteae 1.5-8 mm. distantes, vaginantes, triangulari- ovatae, leviter acuminatae, circiter 2 mm. longae. Flores [ 259 | secundi, erecto-patentes, pallide virides; pedicellus cum ovario 6-7 mm. longus, gracilis. Sepalum intermedium e basi pseudo-unguiculata late lanceolatum, acutum, 4 mm. longum, 1.75 mm. latum; sepala lateralia dorsali similia sed obliqua, 4.5 mm. longa, 1.6 mm. lata. Petala basi sepalis lateralibus per 0.5 mm. adnata, oblique lan- ceolata, margine antica supra basin leviter dilatata, 8.75 mm. longa, 1.6 mm. lata. Omnia tepa/a superne incras- sata, saccis crystalliferis instructa. Labellum leviter re- curvatum, medio vel infra medium trilobatum, totum 4mm. longum, inter lobos laterales circiter 2 mm. latum; lobus intermedius linearis, carnosus, 2.25 mm. longus; lobi laterales brevissimi, rotundati: calear incurvatim de- pendens, cylindricum, gracile, haud dilatatum, 10 mm. longum. Colwmna brevis, circiter 0.6 mm. longa, apice truncata, androclinio leviter excavato; anthera hemis- phaerica, antice haud producta; pollinia fere globosa, 0.6 mm. diametro, stipitibus duobus genuflexis teretibus polliniis satis brevioribus, viscidio uno communi fere ob- longo antice leviter angustato postice leviter retuso 0.7 mm. longo convexo; rostellum breviter productum, lo- bis obtusis. TANGANYIKA TreRrITORY: East Usambaras, Amani, 900 m, alt., on exotic coniferous trees, July 1941, Moreau 68 (Type). This species strongly resembles A. tenuicalear Sum- merh. in general appearance and in floral structure, and has the same type of pollinarium. However, the inflores- cences are shorter, the flowers pale green and unscented while the sepals are approximately equal in length, in- stead of the laterals being much longer than the dorsal as in A. tenwicalear. The spur, though of about the same length, is distinctly thicker. A striking feature is the thickened distal portions of the tepals which are furnished with numerous crystal sacs appearing as even denser points in the tissue. [ 260 ] PEPAIN VY PAIN L/ UNIVERSITY LIBRARY APR 5 19495 BOTANICAL MUSEUM LEAFLETS HARVARD UNIVERSITY CampripGr, MassacuusetTts, ApRIL 4, 1945 VoL. 11, No. 10 SOME PERUVIAN MAXILLARIAS BY CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH DvRinG THE PROCcEss of working up the genus Max- illaria for the orchid flora of Peru, it has seemed advisa- ble to record the following taxonomic and nomenclatorial notes, amplifications and corrections of previous descrip- tions. Also, in accordance with our present practice of regarding the genus Ornithidium as referable to Maxil- laria, it has been necessary to make several new combi- nations. Furthermore, there are included the descriptions of six Maxillarias which appear to be new. Maxillaria alticola C. Schweinfurth nom. nov. Ornithidium serrulatum Lindley in Bentham PI. Hartw. (1845) 153, non Mawillaria serrulata Ames & Correll, 1943. In transferring the concept Ornithidium serrulatum to the genus Maxillaria, it should be noted that the epithet serrulata has been preoccupied and that therefore a new name must be used. The original description of Ornithidium serrulatum is very brief and by itself is inadequate to furnish a definite conception of this species. Fortunately, there are in the Ames Herbarium an excellent photograph of the type specimen bearing an analytical drawing of the flower made by Lindley and also several recent Peruvian speci- mens. Therefore, in order to clarify the species, a few supplementary notes are given herewith. [ 261 ] Plant stout but small for its alliance. Stem stout, about 47 cm. or less in height, loosely forking with erect- ascending branches, entirely concealed by distichous im- bricating sheaths or leaf-sheaths. Leaves elliptic-oblong to narrowly oblong (rarely ovate-oblong), acute or sub- acute, amplexicaul at the slightly narrowed base, up to 12 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide (usually smaller), with the upper margins minutely serrulate. Flowers small, axil- lary, cupuliform, deep yellow. Sepals connate near the base. Dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, about 9 mm. long and 5.8 mm. wide. Lateral sepals oblong-ovate, very slightly oblique, a little longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblanceolate-oblong to cuneate- elliptic, abruptly acute or apiculate, about 7.3 mm. long and 8 mm. wide above. Lip sigmoid when viewed from the side, fleshy, distinctly shorter than the sepals; lower portion broadly cuneate, concave; median portion con- sisting of a pair of erect semiorbicular lobes separated by a fleshy more or less sulcate callus; anterior portion sub- quadrate-ovate, apparently retuse, with a short but prom- inent conical boss beneath. Column small, incurved and dilated above, produced into a short foot. Ovary slender, triquetrous, developing into a triquetrous-ellipsoid fruit. Ecuapor: in the Cordillera near Loxa, Hartweg 838 (Typr); Loja, fide Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 8 (1921) 151. Venezugta: Merida, fide Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 6 (1919) 90, Peru: Hudnuco, between Hudnuco and Pampayaco (Pampayacu), January 13, 1927, Ryoszo Kanehira 317a, 332; Playapampa, at about 2700 meters altitude, ‘“ wet rocky montafia edge,’’ June 16-24, 1923, J. Francis Macbride 4886; same locality, altitude and date as the last, **sphagnum bank,’’ Macbride 4896. Maxillaria arbuscula Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 4 (1856) 213. Fernandezia punctata Ruiz & Pavon Syst. Veg. (1798) 239. The examination of typical material of FMernandezia [ 262 ] punctata from the Madrid Herbarium shows that it rep- resents a true Maxillaria of the caulescent many-leaved type entirely destitute of pseudobulbs and that it should be transferred to the latter genus. However, the epithet punctata is preoccupied by Maaillaria punctata odd. and another name is thus necessitated. Fortunately, Mernandezia punctata seems to be refer- able to M. arbuscula, which was noted by Reichenbach as ‘‘Fernandezia del Peru.’’ The only differences are that in Maedllaria arbuscula the leaves were described as up to 7.6 cm. long and 9 mm. wide (those of Mernan- dexia punctata being up to 6.4 em. long and 6 mm. wide) and the callus on the lip is noted as linear, depressed and retuse, whereas that of Mernandezia punctata is oblong and much more conspicuous above with a rounded apex. Maxillaria aurea (Poepp. & Endl.) L. O. Williams var. gigantea (Lindl.) C. Schweinfurth comb. nov. Ornithidium giganteum Windley in’ Bentham’ PI. Hartw. (1845) 153. Ornithidium bolivianum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. 27 (1929) 78. A series of recent collections in the Ames Herbarium from Colombia, Peru and Bolivia agree well with an ex- cellent photograph from the Lindley Herbarium of the type of Ornithidium giganteum which bears a floral anal- ysis and with the description. A perusal of this evidence indicates that O. gi@anteum seems to be merely a variety of O. aureum, as typified by Poeppig and Endlicher in Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1 (1836) 57, t. 96 and described by Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 3, pt. 6 (1904) 89. It differs only in having the lip ob- scurely 3-lobed with the lobules consistently more or less erose-denticulate. The apical portion seems to vary from being relatively small to being subequal to the lateral lobules. [ 263 ] Although the type of Ornithidium giganteum came from Ecuador (near Loxa), later collections show that this plant is rather frequent and variable throughout the northwestern portion of South America. A collection noted as epiphytic (not terrestrial as often specified) from the high altitude of 3000-3300 meters (2. W. Pennell 14119) has very stout stems of uncertain height with relatively short broad leaves, up to 19.8 cm. long and 3.4 em. wide, which are commonly conduplicate throughout and are more or less distichously imbricating. The plant described as Ornithidium bolivianum Schltr., of which I have examined isotype material, appears to represent the usual form of O. gigantewm. Maxillaria brachypetala Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. Beih. 9 (1921) 102; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 125, nr. 489. A recently examined collection referable to this spe- cies shows several discrepancies from the description and from the later analysis. The leaves, which vary from oblong to elliptic-oblong, reach a maximum length of 28 em. and a width of 4.5 em., whereas those of the type are described as ligulate and about 15-18 cm. long and 8-4 cm. wide. The petals are not ligulate as described, but distinctly narrowly spatulate as figured. The base of the lip is not long-cuneate, as shown in the figure, but subrounded. Consequently the lateral lobes are semiovate rather than triangular as shown and described. Cuzco: Prov. Convencion, Hda. Amaibamba, at 2000 meters alti- tude, epiphyte, February 1943, C. Vargas 3418. Maxillaria caespitosa C. Schweinfurth nom. nov. Ornithidium dolichophyllim Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. Beih. 9 (1921) 106; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Re- [ 264 ] pert. Beith. 57 (1929) t. 126, nr. 495, non Maawillaria dolichophylla Schltr. (1912). In referring Ornithidium dolichophyllum to the genus Maxillaria, a new epithet is required owing to the pre- vious appearance of the combination Maaillaria dolicho- phylla. In examining a flower from the type number, certain discrepancies from the description and from the analysis appear. The sepals are not oblong-ligulate as described and figured, but elliptic-lanceolate; and the petals are not subobtuse, but acute. Maxillaria calantha Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 102; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 125, nr. 490. In comparing isotype specimens of Mawillaria calan- tha with the description and with the analytical figure of the flower, certain additions and corrections are found to be necessary. The leaf, which is not mentioned in the description, consists of a petioled blade; the lamina is elliptic-oblong or narrowly elliptic, subacute to broadly obtuse, thickly coriaceous and up to 26 cm. long and 6.8 em. wide; the petiole is more or less stout, channelled, up to 8.5 cm. long. The petals are linear-lanceolate and lack the con- striction below the middle which is shown in the draw- ing. The lip has an ovate or triangular-ovate terminal lobe rather than a suborbicular lobe as shown in the draw- ing and the disc bears a triangular callus (neither de- scribed nor shown). Maxillaria cornuta C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba parvula, probabiliter epiphytica. Rhizoma re- pens cum pseudobulbis subapproximatis. Pseudobulbi complanato-ovoidei, unifoliati. Folia oblanceolato-line- aria vel oblanceolato-oblonga, apice irregulariter bilobato [ 265 rotundata, infra sensim angustata, nitentia. Scapi |: ales, breves, uniflori, vaginis ventricosis imbricatis nino obtecti. Perianthii segmenta patentia. Seps dorsale oblongo-lanceolatum, acutum, dorso carinat Sepala lateralia oblique oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, e nata, basi dilatata et cum columnae pede mentum gum formantia. Petala lanceolato-linearia, multo min apice valde obtusa, super medium utrinque leviter | stricta. Labellum in positu naturali arcuato-recurvat super medium trilobatum; lobi laterales erecti, semi vati; lobus medius subquadratus, leviter retusus, pla Columna in pedem longum producta. Plant small but with comparatively large flowers parently epiphytic. Rhizome creeping, slender, prov with numerous stout fibrous glabrous roots. Pseudob more or less crowded, complanate-ovoid, unifoliate, fi rugose in the dried specimen, up to 1.2 cm. long, tended by a few distichous fleshy sheaths. Leaves | able, oblanceolate-oblong or oblanceolate-linear, rour at the apex with asomewhat unequally bilobed apict tip, gradually narrowed to a conduplicate scarcely | oled base, coriaceous, shining above, up to 11.6 cm, I 0.9-1.4 em. wide, with the mid-nerve prominently ‘ate above and carinate beneath. Inflorescences 1-f ered, short, lateral, basal, much shorter than the ma leaves, entirely concealed by several distichous imbr ing sheaths which are ventricose, apically truncate apiculate and dorsally carinate. Flowers with sprea segments. Sepals and petals fleshy-thickened ab Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute, apiculate, ne ular, dorsally carinate especially above, 1.8—1.9 cm. | and 6mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lan late, acute, ecarinate, lightly decurved, 1.7—1.8 (ra 1.4) cm. long, triangular-dilated at the base and | decurrent on the column-foot to form a mentum 0 [ 266 ] cm. long. Petals linear-lanceolate, oblique, broadly ob- tuse and minutely apiculate, lightly constricted on each side near the thickened apex, 1.2—-1.5 em. long, about 8 mm. wide below the middle. Lip erect, parallel to the column, recurved and about equaling the lateral sepals in natural position, conspicuously 3-lobed above the mid- dle, about 1 em. wide when expanded, adnate to the column-foot near its apex; lateral lobes erect in natural position, semiobovate with a minute broadly rounded free portion which is irregularly dentate; mid-lobe sub- quadrate, lightly retuse at the subtruncate apex, flat, 7-8 mm. long, about 6 mm. wide; dise traversed through the lower half by an oblong-linear tricarinate callus. Col- umn lightly arcuate, abruptly clavate above when viewed from the side, about 1 cm. long at the back, extended into a foot which is subequal to the column. This species is apparently allied to Mawzillaria brevi- scapa Poepp. & Endl., but has dissimilar petals and lip. It has much smaller flowers than MZ. Koehleri Schitr., with different petals and lip. It diverges from M. Bau- manniana Schltr. in having smaller flowers, different petals, a long mentum and a dissimilar mid-lobe of the lip. The specific name is in allusion to the spur-like men- tum. Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, ‘‘1924-1927,’’ Carlos Schunke s.n. (Type in Herb. Field Mus. No. 571636); same locality, at 1800 me- ters altitude, October ‘‘1924-1927,’’ Schunke s.n.; same locality, at 1800 meters altitude, October 1923, Schunke 558. (This collection differs from the usual form in having longer scapes and larger flowers which are very imperfect); Schunke Hacienda, above San Ramon, at 1300-1700 meters altitude, in dense forest, September 1925, Schunke ATO. Maxillaria crassicaulis C. Schweinfurth nom. nov. Ornithidium Weberbauerianum Krinzlin in Fedde Re- pert. 1 (1905) 91, non Maaillaria Weberbauerit Schitr. 1921. [ 267 ] In transferring Ornithidium Weberbauerianum to the genus Maxillaria, I find it advisable to choose a new epi- thet, as given above. As compared with the type description, a photograph of authentic material in the Berlin Herbarium (Weber- bauer 6936) distributed as the type, other specimens of this number and additional collections in the Ames Her- barium show certain discrepancies. The leaves are described as ligulate or broadly linear, acuminate and bilobed at the apex, with a maximum width of 1.8 em. However, in Weberbauer 6936 and in the other collections referable to this concept, the leaves vary from oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate and are sharply acute (never acuminate nor bilobed), and some of the leaves attain a width of 2.6 cm. Of even more importance, the type description cites the inflorescence as consisting of 3- to 4-flowered racemes —a character sharply at variance with the 1-flowered in- florescence of both Ornithidium and Maxillaria. How- ever, our specimens have 1-flowered (commonly fascicled ) inflorescences, in conformity with the requirements. This species appears to be limited to the Departments of Junin and Cuzco in Peru. Maxillaria cuzcoensis C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba variabilis. Pseudobulbi approximati, valde com- planati, cylindracei, apice obliquo unifoliati. Folium pet- iolatum; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel anguste lanceolato- oblonga, acuta, basi cuneata, plusminusve coriacea; petiolus conduplicatus. Scapi numerosi, laterales, basales, uniflori, pedunculo vaginis separatis ventricosis ornato. Flos mediocris. Sepalum dorsale anguste lanceolato- oblongum, acutum, basi concavum, supra dorso carina- tum. Sepala lateralia oblique triangulari-oblonga, sepalo dorsali similia, mentum conspicuum formantia. Petala [ 268 ] sepalis lateralibus similia sed minora. Labellum erectum, Jateraliter visum Jeviter sigmoideum, supra medium levi- ter sed distincte trilobatum; pars basalis profunde con- ‘ava, Intus medio carina anguste oblonga tricarinata ornata; pars terminalis incrassata, ovata vel oblonga, subacuta. Columna brevis, leviter arcuata, in pedem paulo longiorem producta. Plant variable, medium-sized to large. Rhizome ap- parently abbreviated, woody. Roots numerous, fibrous, slender, glabrous. Pseudobulbs approximate, strongly complanate, cylindric, unifoliate at the oblique apex, finely striate-rugose in the dried specimen, up to 6.4 em. high, surrounded and in youth entirely concealed by several distichous imbricating sheaths of which the apical pair is often leaf-bearing. Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic- oblong to narrowly lanceolate-oblong, acute, cuneate below, more or less coriaceous, with the mid-nerve sul- cate above and conspicuously carinate beneath, 10 to over 32 cm. long, 1.6-4.1 em. wide; petiole condupli- ‘rate, about 1.7 cm. long. Scapes lateral, basal, numerous, 1-flowered, commonly much shorter than the leaves, sub- erect to lax; peduncle filiform, about 18.5 em. or less long, mostly concealed by eight or less tubular ventri- cose sheaths of which the uppermost is up to 2.8 em. long; pedicellate ovary slender, somewhat exceeded by a bract which is similar to the sheaths of the scape. Flow- er medium-sized, white, often with the lip pale rose to violet at the base. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate- oblong, acute, concave at the base, with revolute mar- gins, 2.5-2.7 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide near the base when expanded, dorsally carinate above the middle. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate or triangular-oblong, acute or apiculate, dorsally carinate near the apex, form- ing with the column-foot a prominent mentum, 2.5-2.8 cm. long, 8-9 mm. wide at the base. Petals similar to [ 269 ] the lateral sepals but markedly smaller, obliquely oblong- lanceolate, acute, about 2.1 cm. long and 4.6 mm. wide near the base. Lip erect and parallel to the column in natural position, 1.3-1.4 cm. long, lightly sigmoid when viewed from the side, lightly but distinctly 3-lobed above the middle; lower portion deeply concave with erect sides, about 1 cm. long; terminal portion or mid-lobe much smaller, very fleshy, ovate to oblong, subacute when expanded, more or less sulcate above and carinate beneath, with revolute margins; disc in the middle with a short median oblong callus flanked by a pair of thick- ened lines, pubescent at the base. Column short and stout, lightly arcuate, somewhat clavate when viewed from the side, 6—6.5 mm. long at the back, with an erose- margined clinandrium which is 8-dentate at the apex, extended into a slightly longer foot. This species seems to be allied to the Ecuadorian Maa- llaria hastulata Lindl., but varies in having the petioles much shorter than the leaves and scapes, differently col- ored flowers and in an apparently dissimilar lip. It also has a very different lip from that of the Colombian ©. pulla Linden & Reichb. f. Cuzco: Habitat unrecorded, 1931, C. Bues s.n.; Prov. Quispicanchi, Chaupichaca, Marcapata Valley, at 1800-1900 meters altitude, ‘‘mixed formation of shrubwoods and grass steppe on stony places,’’? February 19-20, 1929, A. Weberbauer 7884 (Tver in Herb. Field Mus. No. 605347; isotype in Herb. Ames No. 61907); Hda. Itio, Marcapata, at 2000 meters altitude, in open rocky places, January 27, 1943, C. Vargas 3126; Prov. Convencién, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayoce, at 2200 meters altitude, epiphyte in deep forest, March 5, 1942, Vargas 2527. Maxillaria disticha (Lindl.) C. Schweinfurth comb. nov. Ornithidium distichum Lindley in Bentham P1. Hartw. (1845) 153. Since the description of Ornithidium distichum is too inadequate to afford a clear conception of the species, it [ 270 ] seems advisable to give a few additional notes based on a photograph of the type which is in the Lindley Her- barium at Kew. Rhizome relatively slender, sparingly branched, bear- ing stems at intervals of 6 to9 em. Stems short, robust, simple, arcuate, wholly destitute of pseudobulbs, entirely concealed by distichous densely imbricating leaf-sheaths (the blades deciduous below), up to 9 cm. long. Leaves obtuse to subacute, sessile at the conduplicate base, spreading, up to 8.8 cm. long and 8 mm. wide. Flowers small, axillary. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or ovate-lanceo- late, concave, about 6 mm. long and 3.8 mm. wide. Lat- eral sepals oblong-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, oblique, forming a short rounded mentum. ‘Peru’? (2), fide Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 166. Ecuapor: near Loxa (Type). Maxillaria elegantula Po/fe in Kew Bull. (1898) 196. Mawillaria dichroma Rolfe in Kew Bull. (1898) 197. Judging by the descriptions of these species supple- mented by excellent photographic records in the Ames Herbarium of the types, these concepts appear to be inseparable. Aside from the fact that M. elegantula has sometimes a slightly longer scape and floral segments than M.di- chroma, the only discrepancy is a slight difference in the reported color of the flowers. With the appearance of one certain and two probable collections of Mawillaria elegantula from Peru, it seems advisable to give a few supplementary remarks. There appears to be a stout creeping rhizome (not mentioned in the description of either concept). The pseudobulb (also neither mentioned nor shown in the photographs of the types) is narrowly complanate-ellip- [ 271 | soid and 5.7 cm. or less long, with sometimes an abruptly narrowed apical portion. Surrounding the pseudobulb is at least one pair of unequal distichous conduplicate sheaths of which one is leaf-bearing. The lamina of the leaf is elliptic-oblong, not oblong-lanceolate as described, and measures 29 cm. in length and 5 em. in width, where- as those of the types appear to be 23.75 cm. or less long and 4 cm. or less wide. The lateral sepals and petals seem to be lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate when the revolute margins are expanded (not triangular-oblong as de- scribed). The lip appears to be oval in outline, rather than obovate-oblong as cited. Y rad ee ‘ Cuzco: Prov. Convencién, alturas de Pintobamba,’’ at 2400 me- ters altitude, in humus of open forest, flower white with dark blue lip, March 3, 4, 1943, C. Vargas 3287. Maxillaria exaltata (A7viinzl.) C. Schweinfurth comb. nov. Camaridium exaltatum Krinzlin in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37 (1906) 886. After examining an excellent photograph of the type collection of Camaridium exaltatum in the Ames Her- barium, there are evident certain discrepancies from the type description. First in importance, I am unable to detect any suggestion of pseudobulbs which are described in the diagnosis (1. ¢.). Again the sepals appear to be oblong-lanceolate (not linear) with both dorsal and _lat- eral sepals about 1.8 cm. long (the lateral sepals are de- scribed as 2.8 cm. long). A recent collection from Sandia in the Province of Puno (McCarroll 123) has somewhat smaller flowers than typical, the sepals being 1.5-1.7 cm. long. Moreover, its lip differs in having a broadly ovate or ovate-triangular (not oblong) mid-lobe and in the disc bearing only a small oblong sulecate (not an elongate navicular) callus. [ 272 ] Maxillaria floribunda Lindley in Bentham PI. Hartw. (1845) 154. In accordance with a photograph of the type of this species from the Lindley Herbarium at Kew and witha recent collection (Vargas 2650) which seems to be surely referable to this concept, certain corrections and amplifi- ‘ations of the original description appear to be advisable. Both the type and the collection show that the leaves are elliptic to oblong, rather than ovate-oblong as speci- fied. Vargas 2650 also shows a well-defined pseudobulb (that of the type specimen is obscure at best) which is complanate-ellipsoid, about 8.5 cm. long, unifoliate and surrounded by several distichous conduplicate leat-bear- ing sheaths. he peduncle in this collection measures about 19.5 em. or less long, whereas the description notes the scapes as “‘tripollicares,”” signifying 7.6 cm. ‘The se- pals and petals appear to be decurved with strongly revo- lute sides. The sepals, which are rather short-acuminate, are linear-oblong (dorsal) to linear-lanceolate (lateral) and about 6.4 em. long and 8 mm. wide. The petals are linear-lanceolate and similar to the lateral sepals, but much smaller. The relatively small lip appears to be subquadrate-oval when expanded and about 1.4 cm. long; the lobing seems to be near the apex, the mid-lobe is transversely broad-oblong or reniform and retuse, un- like that of the pen-drawing on the type sheet which is elliptic-ovate. The column is about 7 mm. long, pro- duced into a bisulcate foot. Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Tuncapata-Santa Rita, at 2800 meters altitude, epiphyte in forest, perianth white, March 28, 1942, C. Var- gas 2650. Maxillaria funicaulis C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba robusta, caulescens. Pseudobulbi rari, compla- nato-cylindracei, diphylli. Caules vaginis numerosis, dis- tichis, conduplicatis, valde imbricatis omnino obtecti. [ 278 ] Folia oblonga vel ligulata, apice bilobulato rotundato- obtusa, sessilia vel breviter petiolata. Inflorescentiae breves, uniflorae, in caulinarum vaginarum axillis. Flores parvi, aurei. Sepalum dorsale ovato-oblongum, subacu- tum, concavum. Sepala lateralia oblonga vel ovato- oblonga, subacuta, paulo minora. Petala ovato-oblonga, obliqua, apice late rotundata. Labellum ovato-oblongum, apice rotundatum vel truncatum, basi rotundatum, super medium leviter angustatum cum lateribus erectis; discus medio conspicue callosus. Columna perbrevis, in pedem brevem extensa. Plant large, growing on rocks. Stems elongate, bear- ing distant pseudobulbs, entirely concealed by a series of distichous sheaths which are densely imbricated, condu- plicate, and become gradually larger upward and articu- lated to small immature leaf-blades. Pseudobulbs com- planate-cylindric, somewhat clavate in the dried speci- men, bifoliate, 4.5-6 cm. long, finely multistriate when dry, partially concealed on each side by one or more con- duplicate sheaths the uppermost of which bear condupli- cate blades. Leaves oblong to ligulate, the larger ones sessile to distinctly petioled; lamina obtuse to rounded and more or less unequally bilobed at the apex, some- what narrowed below, subcoriaceous, 18-26 em. long, up to 2.9 em. wide, with the mid-nerve rather conspic- uous beneath; petiole (if present) up to 4.5 em. long, slender, channelled. Inflorescences numerous, short, erect, 1-flowered, in the axils of the cauline sheaths; pe- duncle about 2.5 em. long, appressed, entirely covered by several scarious imbricating sheaths, wholly or mostly hidden by the stout imbricating conduplicate cauline sheaths ; pedicellate ovary prominently exserted, slender- cylindric, plurisuleate in the dried specimen, about 3.5 cm. long, surrounded at the base by an appressed in- fundibuliform scarious sheath about 1.5 em. long. Flow- [ 274 ] ers small for the genus, yellow, campanulate. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, concave, subacute, with incurved apical margins, about 14 mm. long and 6.4 mm. wide when expanded, many-nerved. Lateral sepals oblong or o> 6 ovate-oblong, subacute, about 13.8 mm. long and 5.9 g, mm. wide, slightly oblique, many-nerved. Petals ob- liquely ovate-oblong, abruptly rounded with a minute conical dorsal thickening at the apex, about 10 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, minutely ciliolate, slightly recurved above. Lip erect, gently arcuate-recurved with the sides of the lower portion erect in natural position, very shortly clawed, simple, ovate-oblong, lightly narrowed on each side above the middle with incurved margins, rounded at the base, broadly rounded or subtruncate at the apex, about 8.7 mm. long and 4 mm. wide below when ex- panded; dise through the basal half with an obscure central thickening which terminates in a conspicuous rounded callus in the center of the lip. Column very short and stout, clavate, about 6 mm. high at the back, produced at right angles into a prominent foot which is markedly shorter than the column. This species is allied to Maaillaria spilotantha Reichb. f. from Venezuela and Ecuador, but has much larger leaves, a quite different mode of flowering and somewhat smaller flowers. It appears to be very closely related to the Colombian MW. Sehnittert: Schlitr., but has a much smaller dissimilar lip. The specific name is in allusion to the rope-like ap- pearance of the stem. Cuzco: Prov. Quispicanchi, Marcapata, Itio to Murayaca, at 1960 meters altitude, January 28, 1943, C. Vargas 3137 (Tyrer in Herb. Vargas; isotype in Herb. Ames No. 62111). Maxillaria graminifolia(H BAK.) Reichenbach filius in Walpers Ann. 6 (1868) 538. Tsochilus graminifolius Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth [ 275 ] Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1 (1816) 840, t. 783—Lindley in Bot. Reg. 27 (1841) sub t. 1 (as graminifolium). Camaridium graminifolium Reichenbach filius in Lin- naea 22 (1849) 857. Maaillaria Matthewsu Reichenbach filius in Walpers Ann. 6 (1863) 589, non Lindley 1845. Although I have seen no material of typical Maail- laria Matthewsu Reichb.f., there is in the Ames Herbar- ium a floral analysis of this concept from the Reichenbach Herbarium. In addition, I have examined several Peruvian collee- tions referable to M. graminifolia and these specimens approximate the description and floral drawing of M. Matthewsu above cited, the lip of the former concept being extremely variable. Until there is available a more detailed example of M. Matthewsu Reichb.f., it seems advisable to relegate this concept to synonymy. This action is sustained by the fact that Lindley considered this species as originally forming a part of the concept recognized by him as Jso- chilus graminifolium. Maxillaria heteroclita Poeppig & Indlicher Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1 (1886) 37, t. 683—Cogniaux in Martius Fl. Bras. 8, pt. 6 (1904) 27. The several drawings of the flower illustrating the original description of this concept appear to be a close match for the flower of Zygopetalum (§ Warscewiczella) rhombilabium C. Schweinf. which is described and illus- trated in Am. Orch. Soc. Bull. 12 (1944) 422. On the other hand, Mawillaria heterochta is described and shown with a distinct unifoliate pseudobulb (such as is typical of one group of the variable genus Maxillaria), whereas Zygopetalum rhombilabium lacks any pseudobulb and has a fan-like cluster of several leaves. As before [ 276 ] mentioned, however, the flower of M. heteroclita is that of a true Zygopetalum. Appended to the original description of Mawillaria heterochita are these words (translated from the Latin): We are very sorry that we are unable to add further data to this rather imperfect description... . of a very re- markable and elegant species. For the specimens were among the most scanty of our herbarium and we found them badly eaten by insects. The figure was made near the living plant in its native place. It is significant that Maaillaria heteroclita is the only orchid described in Nov. Gen. ac Sp. [ which bears no mention of its habitat. Doubtless the concept came from Peru like the several other Maxillarias described in that work. It seems inconceivable, that two species from the same general region should have nearly identical floral segments and yet belong to quite different genera. The wise course, therefore, appears to be to consider Mawil- laria heteroclita to be a concept of dubious validity. Maxillaria huancabambae (K7riinz/.) C. Schwein- Surth comb. nov. Ornithidium Huancabambae Kriinzlin in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117 (1916) 29. In the examination of isotype material of this species (Weberbauer 6098), certain discrepancies from the de- scription and additions to the diagnosis may be noted. In the first place, the roots do not appear everywhere (‘‘passim’’) but are concealed as parallel strands within the sheaths of the rhizome. Again the pseudobulbs ap- pear to be about 2 cm. (not 1.5 em.) distant. Careful in- spection shows that they are closely invested by a thin membranaceous sheath which extends as an irregular narrow cup around the basal portion of the leaves. Rare- ly the pseudobulbs are 3-leaved at the apex. The leaves ews are prevailingly elliptic or elliptic-oblong, rather than oblong-lanceolate as described. The sepals are oblong- ovate and about 7.9 mm. long, whereas the type descrip- tion cites them as oblong-lanceolate or broadly oblong and 7 mm. long. The dorsal sepal is 4mm. (not 1.5 mm.) wide and the lateral sepals are slightly over 4 mm. (not 3 mm.) wide. The petals are 2 mm. (not 1 mm.) wide. The lip is approximately elliptic-ovate (not obovate) and is 4mm. wide when expanded (not 2.5 mm. in front). Maxillaria huancabambae (Kriinz/.) C. Schweinf: var. cuzcoensis C. Schweinfurth var. nov. This variety differs from the species in the following particulars. Leaves relatively slender, linear-oblong to narrowly elliptic-oblong, up to 8.8 em. long, 4-5 mm. wide; those of the type are elliptic to oblong-elliptic and up to 8.2 em. long, 6-9 mm. wide. Flowers white; those of the type golden- to orange-yellow. Sepals somewhat narrower than in the type. Lateral lobes or auricles of the lip consisting of indistinct dilations; those of the type distinct and triangular-ovate. Column very short, about 1.5 mm. long at the back; that of the type much longer, about 2.7 mm. long at the back. Cuzco: Prov. of Convencién, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc, at 2200 meters altitude, epiphyte in dense forest, March 5, 1942, C. Vargas 2258 (Type in Herb. Ames No. 61950). Maxillaria infausta Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 3 (1855) 216. After an examination of a drawing of this concept in- cluding a rough sketch of the flower from the Reichen- bach Herbarium at Vienna and especially of an actual specimen of what doubtless is an isotype bearing the no- tation ‘‘Peruvia Matthews 1862,’ it seems advisable to publish a few clarifying remarks. Plant medium-sized, caulescent. Stem entirely con- [ 278 | cealed by imbricating loose distichous leaf-bearing sheaths, sometimes once forking near the base with sub- parallel branches. Leaves numerous, distichous, spread- ing-ascending, oblong or elliptic-oblong, often up to 3.7 cm. long and 7 mm. wide, sessile. Inflorescences soli- tary in the upper (but not uppermost) axils, strict, with very short peduncles and long-exserted pedicellate ova- ries. Flowers small. Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong, abruptly acute or apiculate at the rounded apex, about 9.2 mm. long and 4.2 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, complicate-acute and apiculate, very slightly shorter and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals broadly oblong or obovate-oblong (rather than ‘‘ovate’’), obtuse, shorter than the sepals but equally wide. Lip obovate-oblong in outline, constricted on each side (i.e. lobulate), rounded- truncate and lightly retuse in front, rounded-cuneate be- low, about 7 mm. long and 4.4 mm. wide near the mid- dle; callus on the disc sometimes obscure. Column about 2.8 mm. long at the back, with a very short foot. Maxillaria longibracteata (Lindl.) Reichb.f. var. grandiflora (Lindl.) C. Schweinfurth var. nov. Isochilus grandiflorus Lindley in Bot. Reg. 27 (1841) sub t. 1 (as grandiflorum). Camaridium grandiflorum Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. Beih. 9 (1921) 165. H. G. Reichenbach states (in Walpers Ann. 6 (1863) 540) that he had carefully inspected the type of Isochilus grandiflorus, and, as a result, he referred this concept to the synonymy of Mawillaria luteorubra Reichb. f. (Cam- aridium luteo-rubrum Lindl. ). Judging by the original description and a pen drawing of the flower of Isochilus grandiflorus trom the Lindley Herbarium, I cannot subscribe to this treatment. Jso- chilus grandiflorus differs from Camaridium luteo-rubrum, [ 279 ] of which there is in the Ames Herbarium a record of the type bearing a pen drawing of the lip, in two rather strik- ing particulars. On the flower of the former species, the upper bract is indicated as extending up to one half the length of the dorsal sepal and the petals are noted as about half as long as the sepals. In Maaillaria luteorubra, on the other hand, the upper bract is much shorter than the pedicellate ovary and the petals are not much shorter than the sepals. The disc of the lip of Isochilus grandiflorus is described as naked, but the fact that Reichenbach treated this con- cept as a synonym of Mawillaria luteorubra (which is clearly marked with a basal callus on the lip), shows either that Lindley failed to observe this feature or that the cal- lus had become detached as sometimes occurs in speci- mens of this group. It seems to me preferable that the concept represented by Isochilus grandiflorus should be treated as a variety of Mawillaria longibracteata, a species which it closely resembles, differing chiefly in having distinctly narrower leaves. Maxillaria longibracteata (Lindl.) Reichb,f. var. luteorubra (Lindl.) C. Schweinfurth var. nov. Camaridium luteo-rubrum Lindley Orch. Linden. (1846) 22, no. 114. Mazillaria cassapensis Reichenbach filius in Walpers Ann. 6 (1863) 589—Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 8, pt. 6 (1904) 76. Mawillaria luteorubra Reichenbach filius in Walpers Ann. 6 (1863) 539. Camaridium cassapense Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 165. Records of typical Camaridium luteo-rubrum in the Ames Herbarium show that this concept differs from [ 280 ] Maaillaria longibracteata (Camaridium longibracteatum Lindl.) chiefly in having markedly narrower leaves which vary from narrowly oblong-lanceolate to linear-oblong. The uppermost bract on the peduncle also is much shorter than the pedicellate ovary and not subequally long as in M. longibracteata. In the Ames Herbarium there is an Ecuadorian col- lection (Penland & Summers 243) which differs from typical C. duteo-rubrum in having narrow linear-lanceo- late leaves and rather smaller flowers than usual in that concept, but the general contour of the floral segments is closely similar and the lip is an exact counterpart of that drawn on the type sheet of C. luteo-rubrum. The concept described as Mawillaria cassapensis, which is represented in the Ames Herbarium by drawings of the habit and floral analyses from the Reichenbach Her- barium, is also a narrow-leaved plant with loosely branch- ing stems, and, according to the description, with bracts subequaling the pedicellate ovary. Whether the stems are simple as in Camaridium luteo-rubrum or branched as in Mawillaria cassapensis is a highly variable character and consequently unimportant. In the drawing of the type, also, the upper bract is shown as much shorter than the pedicellate ovary, as in Camaridium luteo-rubrum, and not subequaling it as described. Finally, the floral analysis of Mawillaria cassapensis shows no discernible discrepancy from the flower of C. luteo-rubrum. It ap- pears to be desirable, therefore, to treat the concepts typified by Camaridium luteo-rubrum and Mawillaria cas- sapensis as variants of the polymorphic species, M. longi- bracteata. Maxillaria multicaulis (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schweinfurth comb, nov. Stagonanthus multicaulis Poeppig & Endlicher Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1 (1886) 40, t. 69. [ 281 ] Ornithidium multicaule Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 2 (1854) 18; in Walp. Ann. 6 (1863) 490. Maxillaria nubigena (Reichb.f.) C. Schweinfurth comb, nov. Ornithidium nubigenum Reichenbach filius in Walpers Ann. 6 (1868) 488; in Linnaea 41 (1876) 85. The original and only prior collection of this species ‘ame from Pamplona, Colombia, about 1200 or more miles from the Peruvian collections cited below and at the much greater altitude of about 8000 meters. Inasmuch as both of the descriptions of this concept are rather inadequate and give no reference to size, the following specific notes are now added. Plant large, sprawling, loosely branched, the stout stem being mostly concealed by tubular rugulose sheaths of which the upper ones are more or less separated and leaf-bearing. At intervals of 11 to 20 cm., (often in the angle formed by the branches) are short stout strobili- form stems, up to 6 cm. long, concealed by several pairs of closely imbricating distichous scarious-margined leaf- sheaths. Leaves linear, long-acuminate, slightly nar- rowed toward the base, more or less faleate, rigid, cori- aceous, appearing more or less convolute in the dried specimen, up to 80 cm. long and 1.1 em. wide. Inflores- cences numerous, abbreviated, 1-flowered, in the axils of the leaf-sheaths on the short strobiliform branches. Flowers small, deep pink to dark red, campanulate, with fleshy segments. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, con- ‘ave, about 7.5 mm. or less long, 8-8.7 mm. wide. Lat- eral sepals obliquely oblong-ovate, slightly smaller than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblong-elliptic, much smaller than the sepals. Lip much shorter than the sepals in natural position, sigmoid when viewed from the side, simple or nearly so, from a cuneate concave base gradu- [ 282 ] ally dilated in the middle forming a pair of upcurved semiorbicular lobules, then slightly contracted into an oblong-subquadrate sulcate anterior portion which is retuse at the apex; disc fleshy-thickened in the middle and near the apex. Column short, stout, prominently angled in front. Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, at 750-1000 meters altitude, epiphyte in open woods, May 7, 17, 1929, E.P. Kil- lip & A.C.Smith 22612—Junin: Chanchamayo Valley, at 1800 meters altitude, September 1929, Carlos Schunke 1844; same data, August 1930, Schunke 1845. Maxillaria parvibulbosa C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba terrestris, major. Pseudobulbi perparvi, saepis- sime aggregati, in sicco cylindracei, unifoliati. Folium conspicue petiolatum; lamina anguste oblonga vel ellip- tico-oblonga, acuta, basi cuneata; petiolus elongatus, gracilis, profunde sulcatus. Scapi laterales, basales, breves, tenues, uniflori, pedunculo vaginis laxis obtecto. Flos grandis. Sepalum dorsale lineari-lanceolatum, longe acuminatum, tubulari-involutum. Sepala lateralia an- guste et oblique triangulari-lanceolata, acuminata, cum columnae pede mentum conspicuum formantia. Petala sepalis lateralibus similia sed minora. Labellum segmen- tis ceteris multo brevius, parte inferiore erecta, prope apicem profunde trilobatum; lobi laterales angustissimi, apice libero brevi rotundato; lobus medius elliptico- lanceolatus, crassus, marginibus valde undulatis. Colum- na brevis, a latere visa crassa, in pedem longum extensa. Plant terrestrial, rather large. Roots fibrous, filiform, glabrous. Rhizome apparently short, creeping. Pseudo- bulbs commonly approximate, very small, obliquely cy- lindric or ellipsoid-cylindrie and finely striate-rugose when dry, somewhat compressed, unifoliate, about 2 ¢m. or less long, more or less concealed and much surpassed by several distichous sheaths which waste into fibres. [ 283 ] Leaf conspicuously petioled; lamina linear-oblong or elliptic-oblong to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute, cuneate below, 14-21.4 em. long, up to 2.9 cm. wide, subcoriaceous, with the mid-nerve sulcate above and con- spicuously carinate beneath: petiole long, slender, chan- nelled, 4-11 em. long. Seapes lateral, basal, several, short, slender, lax to erect-ascending, 1-flowered, the pe- duncle with the pedicellate ovary up to 14 cm. long; peduncle mostly or entirely concealed by several loose tubular sheaths which are smaller and imbricated below ; pedicellate ovary slender, concealed and slightly exceed- ed by a bract similar to the sheaths of the peduncle. Flower large, white and lilac-rose, with only slightly spreading segments. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, long- acuminate, tubular-involute, up to 8.4 em. long and 7.6 mm. wide across the concave basal part when expanded. Lateral sepals narrowly triangular-lanceolate, oblique and gently upcurved above, acuminate, adnate to the column-foot to form a prominent triangular mentum, up to 8.5 em. long and 1 cm. wide at the base. Petals very similar to the lateral sepals, gently upeurved with a long- acuminate apex, about 2.9 cm. long and 4.5 mm. wide below. Lip much shorter than the sepals and_ petals, erect, parallel to the column, lightly recurved and up to 1.95 em. long in natural position with the sides of the lower portion erect, deeply 8-lobed near the apex, ses- sile, elliptic-oblong in outline, about 6 mm. broad when expanded; lateral lobes long and narrow with a short ovate-rounded free apex; mid-lobe elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, very fleshy through the middle, suleate above and carinate beneath, with strongly undulate margins, about 6 mm. long; disc with an oblong-lanceolate sul- ‘rate callus in the middle, lightly pubescent and ecallose in the center near the base. Column short, stout, abrupt- ly clavate and lightly arcuate when viewed from the side, [ 284 ] nearly 8 mm. long at the back, produced into a some- what longer narrow sulcate foot. This species seems to be nearly allied to the Colombian Mawillaria arachnites Reichb.f. which has differently colored flowers with a much shorter broader lip. The lobing and proportions of the lip distinguish this species from M. anatomorum Reichb.f. The Colombian M.ves- tita Schltr. appears to lack distinct elongate petioles and to have a smaller dissimilar lip. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, at about 1100 meters altitude, terrestrial in mountain forest, May 1934, G. Klug 3618 (Typr in Herb. Ames No. 61909; isotypes in Herb. Gray No. 70, in Herb. Field Mus. No. 753175 and in U.S. Nat. Herb. No. 157671). Maxillaria pendula (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schwein- Surth comb. nov. Scaphygilottis pendula Poeppig & Endlicher Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1 (1836) 58, t. 98. Ornithidium pendulum Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 3, pt. 6 (1904) 92. Maxillaria purpurea (Spreng.) Ames & Correll var. parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schweinfurth var. nov. Scaphyglottis parviflora Poeppig & Endlicher Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1 (1836) 58, t. 97. Ornithidium vestitum Reichenbach filius in Walpers Ann. 6 (1863) 491, partin—Cogniaux in Martius F. Bras. 3, pt. 6 (1904) 95, partim. Several authors, including Reichenbach filius and Cogniaux, have referred Scaphyglottis parviflora Poepp. & Endl. to the synonymy of Ornithidium vestitum or Mawxillaria purpurea as the latter concept becomes when treated as a Maxillaria (cf. Ames & Correll in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11 (1948) 16). However, I feel reluctant to follow their example for [ 285 ] the following reasons. Scaphyglottis parviflora is de- scribed and illustrated as usually having bifoliate pseu- dobulbs and a lip which terminates in an oblong apical lobe that appears to be distinctly smaller than the lateral lobes. On the other hand, Ornithidium vestitum, which was described by Swartz as Mpidendrum vestitum, is noted by Fawcett & Rendle (FI. Jam. 1 (1910) 122, 123) as having unifoliate pseudobulbs and a mid-lobe of the lip which is ovate and distinctly larger than the lateral lobes—a diagnosis made presumably after examining Swartz’ type. Moreover, all of the other material refer- red to Ornithidium vestitum (from Central America and Peru) shows the same unifoliate pseudobulbs and a rela- tively large ovate mid-lobe of the lip. It seems to be preferable, therefore, to follow Fawcett & Rendle’s interpretation of Ornithidium vestitum and to consider this species as always having unifoliate pseudo- bulbs and a relatively large ovate mid-lobe of the lip. Following this interpretation, [ am regarding Scaphy- glottis parviflora as a variety of Ornithidium vestitum, and have made the proper varietal combination under Max- illaria. Maxillaria ramosissima A?idinzlin in Engler Bot. Jahrb. 54, Beibl. 117 (1916) 29. T'wo isotypes of this species (Weberbauer 6273) in the Gray Herbarium and in the Herbarium of the Field Mu- seum show certain disparities from the description. The pseudobulbs are ellipsoid to pyriform-cylindric, rather than ovate, and up to 8 (not 2.5) em. long. The leaves are up to 9 (not 8) em. long. The peduncles bear sometimes as many as 15 (not 8-9) sheaths. The sepals are oblong-lanceolate and complicate-acute (not narrowly ovate-triangular and long-acuminate) and they are about 1.6 (not 2) em. long. The petals are elliptic-linear (not [ 286 | lanceolate) and complicate-acute (not acuminate). The lip is oblong-obovate (not oblong), broadly rounded and lightly retuse (not obtuse), and the sides of the lower portion are erect and auriculiform; the dise lacks the three elevated lines which are described. Maxillaria rufescens Lindley in Bot. Reg. 21 (1835) sub t. 1802; 22 (1836) t. 1848—Reichenbach fil- ius in Saunders Refug. Bot. 2 (1870) t. 79 (var. flavida) ; 2 (1882) t. 18383—Cogniaux in Martius FI. Bras. 3, pt. 6 (1904) 12. Maaillaria Abelei Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 9 (1921) 101; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 125, nr. 488. After careful consideration, it appears certain that Maeillaria Abelei should be included in the extremely variable and widespread species, M. rufescens. There are no morphological differences to distinguish the former concept, the only apparent discrepancies being in size. M. Abeleiis a larger plant than the average specimen of M. rufescens, the leat being often somewhat larger (es- pecially broader) and the floral segments a little longer than any attributed to or observed in the latter species. Therefore, considering that the sepals of various forms of M. rufescens range from 0.8 to 2 em. in length, it seems scarcely advisable to recognize as distinct the con- cept M. Abelei in which the sepals are designated as about 2.4 em. in length. In arecently examined Peruvian collection of M. ru- Jescens (G@. Klug 10118), the larger leaf is about 28.5 em. long and 4.8 cm. wide (as compared with a maximum of 23 cm. long and 4.5 em. wide in M. Abelei); the lat- eral sepals are about 2.4 em. long (as in M. Abelei) and 9.5mm. wide; the petals are about 2.3 em. long (longer than in M. Abele); the lip, which is slightly larger than [ 287 ] that credited to M. Abelei, is about 2.1 em. long and 1.2 em. wide across the expanded lateral lobes; and _ finally the column is about 1.6 em. long (contrasted with 1.1 em. long in M. Abelez). Although the pseudobulbs of AZ. rufescens are almost always crowded or approximate, I have seen one Peru- vian collection (Dept. of Loreto, G. Klug 10020) which has the pseudobulbs 2 to 8 em. distant. Including its various forms, Maaillaria rufescens oc- curs from British Honduras and Guatemala to Costa Rica, in the West Indies and in South America south to Brazil and Peru (Prov. Loreto). Maxillaria Tafallae (Reichb.f:) C. Schweinfurth comb. nov. Scaphyglottis Tafallae Reichenbach filius in Linnaea 22 (1849) 855. Ornithidium Tafallae Reichenbach filius in Bonpl. 2 (1854) 18. Ornithidium dichotomum Schlechter in Fedde Repert. Beih. 7 (1920) 178: ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 68, nr. 245. ‘Two recently examined collections from the Depart- ment of San Martin in Peru are undoubtedly referable to Ornithidium Tafallae (described as Scaphyglottis Ta- fallae) which is represented in the Ames Herbarium by aseries of drawings with a floral analysis from the Reich- enbach Herbarium in Vienna. Apparently the only dif- ference is that Reichenbach’s drawing shows a sharply three-lobed anterior portion of the lip (described as ob- tusely three-lobed), whereas the Peruvian specimens have at most an obscurely 3-lobulate apical portion. The Peru- vian collections show that the species is a large sprawling plant with unifoliate pseudobulbs at intervals of 1 to 19 cm. surrounded on each side by one or two pairs of leaf- [ 288 ] bearing sheaths and with widely spreading branches in the axil of the sheaths below the pseudobulb. The leaf- blades vary from about 4 to 21 em. in length and they are often as much as 4 em. in width. The Colombian Ornithidium dichotomum is surely syn- onymous with this species, although it has somewhat smaller leaves than the usual form of O. Tafallae and the terminal portion of the lip is only obscurely indented on each side or subtrilobed, as in the Peruvian specimens. The flowers of this form are noted as rosy white, whereas those of the Peruvian specimens are described as ‘‘cream’”’ or ‘‘cream-green. San Martin: Zepelacio, near Moyobamba, at 1200-1600 meters al- titude, epiphyte in forest, January 1934, G. Klug 3544; same locality, at about 1100 meters altitude, June 1934, Klug 3694. Maxillaria tenuis C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba epiphytica, tenuis. Pseudobulbi aggregati, in sicco cylindracei, complanati, unifoliati. Folium petiola- tum; lamina linearis, acuta, basi cuneata, coriacea. Scapi basales, perbreves, uniflori, pedunculo vaginis nonnullis tubulatis omnino tecto. Flos pro planta grandis. Sepalum dorsale lineari-lanceolatum, complicato-acutum, basi con- cavum. Sepala lateralia lanceolato-linearia, leviter obli- qua, acuta, mentum breve formantia. Petala oblique lineari-triangularia, acuminata. Labellum perbreve, la- teribus inferioribus erectis, supra medium profunde tri- lobatum; lobi laterales perangusti, in apicem liberum ovato-rotundatum terminantes; lobus medius triangu- lari-ovatus, acuminatus, multo incrassatus. Columna parva, in pedem brevem extensa. Plant small, slender, epiphytic. Roots fibrous, filiform, glabrous, whitish, numerous. Rhizome apparently ab- breviated. Pseudobulbs aggregated, cylindric, finely ru- gose-striate and often oblique in the dried specimen, [ 289 | complanate, unifoliate, about 2.8 cm. or less long, sur- rounded and surpassed by relatively large distichous pus- tulose triangular sheaths which waste into fibres. Leaf petioled; lamina linear, sharply acute, cuneate below, coriaceous, with the mid-nerve suleate above and prom- inently carinate beneath, about 14cm. or less long, up to 8 mm. wide; petiole short, slender, deeply channelled, about 1.5 em. or less long. Scapes lateral, basal, very short, 1-flowered; peduncle entirely concealed by a few loose tubular imbricating sheaths, about 8.2 em. high; pedicellate ovary about 1.2 cm. long. Flower white and yellow, large for the plant. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, complicate-acute, apiculate, dorsally lightly carinate near the apex, concave near the base, about 2.7 cm. long, al- most 4mm. wide below. Lateral sepals lanceolate-linear, lightly oblique, acute, apiculate, forming with the short column-foot an inconspicuous mentum, about 2.7 ¢m. long, 3-4 mm. wide at the base. Petals obliquely linear- triangular, acuminate, about 2.45 cm. long and 2.8 mm. wide near the base. Lip relatively very short, erect, par- allel to the column, lightly recurved and about 9.5 mm. long, with upcurved sides in natural position, sessile, sharply 3-lobed about two thirds the distance from the base, elliptic-ovate in outline when expanded; lateral lobes erect, narrow, terminating in ashort ovate-rounded free portion; mid-lobe triangular-ovate, short-acuminate, very fleshy and minute-papillose, about 4mm. long; dise through the center of the lower half with a longitudinal thickening which becomes a conspicuous fleshy oblong suleate callus above. Column very small, lightly arcuate, about 5.5 mm. long at the back, produced into a short foot. Florally this species is very close to Maaillaria ochro- leuca Lodd. ex Lindl., but vegetatively it is very much smaller with acute leaves. It is apparently similar to J. [ 290 ] taracuana Schltr. vegetatively, but has much longer se- pals and a dissimilar lip. The small size of the plant and the linear sharp-pointed leaves of Maaillaria tenuis are unusual. Loreto: Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, at 100 meters altitude, epiphyte in forest, February-March 1930, G, Klug 1045 (Tyee in U.S. Nat. Herb. No. 1456126). Maxillaria vandiformis (Sch/tr.) C. Schweinfurth comb, nov. Camaridium vandiforme Schlechter in Beih. Bot. Cen- tralbl. 42, Abt. 2 (1925) 137. Although the type of Camaridium vandiforme came from Brazil (Amazonas), several collections from eastern Peru are referable to this concept. In these specimens the leaves show greater range in size than that given for the type, the length being commonly shorter than the cited minimum of 12 em. and only rarely reaching the stated maximum of 18 cm.; also they are sometimes 8 mm. in width (as contrasted with 5-6.5 mm., as cited). The flowers appear to be slightly larger than those de- scribed, the lateral sepals being 1.5—1.7 (instead of 1.4) cm. long. Moreover, all of the sepals are acute or short- acuminate (not subobtuse). Finally, the lip is complicate- acute (rather than truncate and obtuse with an apicule) and the pedicellate ovary attains 2.8 cm. in anthesis. It is possible that the Colombian Camaridium equitans Schltr., which is an earlier concept, may prove to repre- sent the same species, but the description of its leaves and especially the illustration of its lip (Schltr. ex Mansf. in Fedde Repert. Beih. 57 (1929) t. 68, nr. 242) show differences. Amazonas: near Napo, at about 100 meters altitude, August 2, 1924, G. Tessmann 3737.—Loreto: lower Rio Huallaga, Santa Rosa, at 155-210 meters altitude, on tree trunk, November 11, 1929, Llew- elyn Williams 4908 (sterile specimen); vicinity of Iquitos, at 100 me- [ 291 ] ters altitude, epiphyte in dense forest, January-February 1937, G. Klug 10076.—San Martin: Chazuta, Rio Huallaga, at about 260 me- ters altitude, in forest, flowers cream-color and dark violet, April 1935, G. Klug 4101. Maxillaria verrucifera C. Schweinfurth sp. nov. Herba epiphytica, robusta, magna. Pseudobulbus ovoideus vel cylindraceo-pyriformis, unifoliatus, Folium magnum, petiolatum; lamina oblonga vel elliptico- oblonga, plusminusve acuta, basi cuneata; petiolus elon- gatus, conduplicatus. Inflorescentia perbrevis, pedunculo cum ovario vaginis distichis ovatis imbricatis omnino tecto. Flos pro planta parvus. Sepala basi concava, la- teribus revolutis. Sepalum = dorsale oblongo-ovatum, abrupte complicato-acutum. Sepala lateralia similia, ob- liqua. Petala obovato-oblonga, subacuta, quam sepala paulo breviora. Labellum super medium trilobatum, ex- pansum in circuitu late ellipticum; lobi laterales angusti, apice libero rotundato; lobus medius suborbicularis, in- crassatus, verrucosus, supra recurvus; discus parte in- feriore incrassatione lineari ornatus. Columna erecta, antice suleata, cum pede perbrevi. Plant large, robust, epiphytic. Roots fibrous, glab- rous, elongate. Pseudobulb apparently ovoid or cylin- dric-pyriform (imperfect in the specimen), plurisulcate when dry, unifoliate, about 5 cm. long, apparently rather compressed, surrounded by the fibres of sheaths. Leaf large, petioled; lamina oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute or subacute, about 50.8 em. long and 5.8 cm. wide, cu- neate below, coriaceous, shining above and dull beneath, with the mid-nerve suleate above and strongly carinate beneath; petiole elongate, stout, conduplicate or deeply channelled, about 17.8 em. long. Inflorescence (separated in my specimen) very short, 1-flowered; peduncle with pedicellate ovary about 2.9 em. long, entirely concealed by six broadly ovate distichous imbricating sheaths. [ 292 ] Flower rather small for the plant, ‘‘brown-yellow and wine-red,’’ with the lip apparently maculate. Sepals with revolute margins, concave at the base. Dorsal sepal ob- long-ovate, abruptly complicate-acute, about 2.2 cm. long and 9 mm. wide when expanded. Lateral sepals sim- ilar, obliquely ovate-oblong, abruptly complicate-acute, about 2.3 cm. long and 10 mm. wide, adnate to the ab- breviated column-foot forming a very short mentum. Petals concave, obovate-oblong, lightly oblique, suba- cute, about 2 cm. long and 10 mm. wide above the mid- dle. Lip large, erect, parallel to the column and recurved in natural position, sharply 8-lobed above the middle, broadly-elliptic in outline when expanded, about 1.9 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide across the middle; lateral lobes erect, narrow with an abbreviated rounded crenulate free apex; mid-lobe suborbicular from a very short claw, abruptly recurved above, undulate and finely crenulate- erose on the margins, fleshy and densely verrucose except near the margins, the warts being especially conspicuous, dense and enlarged above the middle; disc through the lower part with a median linear-oblong thickening which terminates in a prominent rounded callus. Column rather straight, suleate in front, about 1.1 cm. high at the back, with a very short foot. This species seems to be allied to Maaillaria Huebneri Schltr., but differs in having a markedly larger pseudo- bulb, a much larger leaf and petiole and a somewhat dis- similar lip. The specific name is in allusion to the verrucose mid- lobe of the lip. Loreto: vicinity of Iquitos, at 100 meters altitude, on living tree in dense forest, December 1936, G. Klug 10047 (Tyrer in Herb. Ames No. 61910). Maxillaria xantholeuca Schltr. var. peruviana C. Schweinfurth var. nov. [ 2938 ] Recently [ have examined two collections of a Peru- vian orchid which appear to be florally inseparable from the Ecuadorian Mawillaria wantholeuca described in Fedde Repert. Beih. 8 (1921) 98, with a floral analysis in Fedde Repert. Beith. 57 (1929) t. 97, nr. 881. Except for a difference in the color of the flowers, the discrep- ancies are entirely vegetative. Although these two collec- tions show a rather wide divergence from one another in the vegetative parts, both of them have the rhizome adorned with shallow spreading infundibuliform sheaths, whereas that of the typical plant is described merely as ‘‘vaginis pluribus obtecto.”’ One of these Peruvian collections (Weberbauer 7912) has a loosely branching rhizome and pseudobulbs 8 to 7 em. distant (the typical form has them about 3 em. apart). Its leaves range from elliptic-oblong to oblong and when mature are 4.5—-8.2 cm. long and 0.9-1.5 em. wide (those of the type cited as oblong, 3.5-4 em. long and 1.3-1.5 em. wide). The inflorescences also are some- what longer than specified. In the other collection (Av/lip & Smith 23155), the rhi- zome is unbranched and bears the pseudobulbs at inter- vals ranging from about 0.5 to 4 em. The leaves of this collection are elliptic to oblong-elliptic and vary from 6.7 to 10.8 em. long and from 1.5 to 2.1 em. wide. Cuzco: Prov. of Calea, Lares Valley above Mantoc, at 2600-2700 meters altitude, on rocks, ** sepals reddish brown with greenish points,’” March 8, 1929, 4. Weberbauer 7912 (Tyrer in Herb. Field Mus. No. 605243; isotype in Herb. Ames No. 61951).—Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, at 750-1000 meters alti- tude, epiphyte in open woods, “‘segments light green, lip darker, column paler,’” May 7, 17, 1929, EF. P. Killip & A.C. Smith 23156. Maxillaria xanthorhoda Schlechter in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berl. 7 (1918) 279; ex Mansfeld in Fedde Repert. Beith. 58 (1980) t. 52, nr. 205. [ 294 ] Judging from a photographic record in the Ames Her- barium of the type of this species, the leaves appear to be oblong-elliptic, not ligulate as described; they measure scarcely more than 3 cm. in length and 1 cm. in width, whereas they are described as 3—4.5 em. long and almost 8-11 mm. wide. Of further interest is an imperfect Hower in a packet labelled ‘‘Maxillaria xanthorhoda, Hort. Dahlem’’ in the handwriting of Dr. R. Mansfeld. This shows a lateral se- pal which is neither obovate nor oblong-obovate (as de- scribed and illustrated), but lanceolate-oblong as in M. variabilis Batem. The other sepals and the lip are too fragmentary to afford any evidence. Perchance this flower was mistakenly derived from a specimen of M. variabilis, for it was stated on the packet to have been collected in April 1983, whereas the type of M. wantho- rhoda was said to bloom in April 1918. Maxillaria xylobiiflora Schlechter in Fedde Re- pert. 27 (1929) 76. Several Peruvian collections prove to be referable to the Bolivian M. wylobuflora. There appear, however, to be certain discrepancies which should be enumerated. The pseudobulbs are apparently ellipsoid-cylindric with an abrupt linear complanate beak (in the dried spec- imen), rather than linear and slightly narrowed above as described. The inflorescences are mostly shorter than the leaves, not almost equaling them as cited. The median callus on the dise of the lip extends to well above the middle, rather than almost to the middle as stated, and has a simple, acute, not a 4-denticulate apex. Ayacucho: Aina, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, at 750-1000 meters altitude, epiphyte in open woods, floral segments pinkish white to brownish (mature and withered), E. P. Killip & A.C. Smith 22596, 22611, 23163. [ 295 ] EXPLANATION OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS Pirate XIV. Maxiiiaria cornuta C. Schweinf: 1, plant, natural size. 2, flower without lip, ex- panded, twice natural size. 3, lip from above, nat- ural position, twice natural size. 4, lip and column from side, natural position, three times natural size. Pirate XV. Maxiiviaria cuzcorensis C. Schweinf: 1, plant, one half natural size. 2, flower without lip, expanded, one and one half times natural size. 3, lip from side, natural position, one and one half times natural size. 4, lip from above, natural po- sition, twice natural size. Pirate XVI. Maxitiarta runicautis C. Schweinf. 1, plant, one half natural size. 2, flower from side, natural position, two and one half times natural size. 3, dorsal sepal, expanded, twice natural size. 4, petal, twice natural size. 5, lateral sepal, twice natural size. 6, column and lip from side, natural position, two and one half times natural size. 7, lip from above, partially expanded, four times nat- ural size. Pirate XVII. MaxILiaria PARVIBULBOSA C. Schweinf. 1, plant, natural size. 2, flower without lip, ex- panded, natural size. 3, lip from above, expanded, three times natural size. Pirate XVIIT. Maxitiaria tenuis C. Schweinf. 1, plant, natural size. 2, flower, expanded, twice natural size. 3, lip from above, expanded, four times natural size. Pirate XIX. MAxILLARIA VERRUCIFERA C. Schweinf. 1, plant, one half natural size. 2, flower on pedun- cle from side, natural position, natural size. 3, dor- sal sepal, partially expanded, twice natural size. 4, petal, twice natural size. 5, lateral sepal, par- tially expanded, twice natural size. 6, lip from above, expanded, twice natural size. 7, column and lip from side, natural position, twice natural size. [ 296 ] PuateE XIV / sense dt RIA 7 iil cornuta C. Schweinf. Cu jcoensis PLaTE XV PLaTE XVI ya AEN NE, eras. “aly etl) pt ‘ a ‘ I) rio, p ? vy Oe wh eae ¥ & N i D Ny H ih q hi) i “A (perio Ry! yy Lys S> i \ Zz ii pe: MAXILLARIA funicaulis C Schweinf. Fé Gin Yj H 4 2 Aa Te A FP i PE Yh: <\ Mowe Te RAEN ret he PLaTE XVII Tl \ \\ \ \\ \ i i as 3) GF: pari Gulbosa C. Schweinf. PuaTE XVIII inf pnteerrteeeeeee. ee C. Schure tenuis MAXILLARIA PLatTE XIX yy, Yi, My fOr y iflera chwreinf CS Jerruc a a > 7 _ 7 7