occasional papers of the Farlow. HerbariuM. of cryptogamic botany No. 10 August, 1976 Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts Emmanuel Sérusiaux Some Foliicolous Lichens from the Farlow Herbarium Edited by: Reed C. Rollins Kathryn Roby occasional papers of the Farlow Herbarium of cryptogamic botany No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. No. 6. No. 7. No. 8. No. 9. No. 10. Sylvia A. Earle: Hummbrella, a New Red Alga of Uncertain Tax- onomic Position from the Juan Fernandez Islands (June 1969). I. Mackenzie Lamb: Stereocau/on arenarium (Sav.) M. Lamb, a Hitherto Overlooked Boreal-Arctic Lichen (June 1972). Sylvia A. Earle and Joyce Redemsky Young: Siphonoclathrus, a New Genus of Chlorophyta (Siphonales: Codiaceae) from Panama (July 1972). I]. Mackenzie Lamb, William A. Weber, H. Martin Jahns, Siegfried Huneck: Calathaspis, a New Genus of the Lichen Family Cladonia- ceae (July 1972). 1. Mackenzie Lamb: Stereocaulon sterile (Sav.) M. Lamb and Stereocaulon groenlandicum (Dahl) M. Lamb, Two More Hitherto Overlooked Lichen Species (March 1973). I. Mackenzie Lamb: Further Observations on Verrucaria serpu- loides M. Lamb, the Only Known Permanently Submerged Marine Lichen (April 1973). Bruce H. Tiffney and Elso S. Barghoorn: The Fossil Record of the Fungi (June 1974). Donald H. Pfister: The Genus Acervus (Ascomycetes, Pezizales). 1. An Emendation. Il. The Apothecial Ontogeny of Acervus flavidus with Comments on A. epispartius (May 1975). Donald H. Pfister: A Synopsis of the Genus Pulvinula. A New Combination in the Genus Gymnomyces. Norton G. Miller: Studies on North American Quaternary Bryophyte Subfossils. |. A New Moss Assemblage from the Two Creeks Forest Bed of Wisconsin (July 1976). Emmanuel Sérusiaux: Some Foliicolous Lichens from the Farlow Herbarium (August 1976). SOME FOLICOLOUS LICHENS FROM THE FARLOW HERBARIUM I EMMANUEL SERUSIAUX2 SUMMARY The present paper deals with my study of the foliicolous lichens in the Farlow Herbarium (FH). New localities are reported for the first time from the following countries: USA, Guatemala, Belize (formerly British Honduras), Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Chile, China, Indonesia, New Guinea, and the Pacific Islands. Aulaxina microphana, Tricharia dilatata and Tapellaria bilimbioides are reported for the first time from America. Byssoloma subdiscordans f. puertoricensis is new; the taxonomic status of Calenia triseptata Zahlbr. is unclear at the present time; a Lopadium from Puerto Rico is temporarily referred to Lopadium subpilosum (Vain. ) Zahlbr. During a stay at the Farlow Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany of Harvard University, I examined the foliicolous lichens de- posited there. This paper deals with some of the interesting results of my study. The species studied fall into the absolute and into the local eufolii- colous categories, as well as into the elective pseudofoliicolous category (Sérusiaux, 1975). Unless otherwise stated, all specimens have been observed on leaves of higher plants or on leaf-like organs (for example, cladodes ). Santesson’s (1952) monograph of the foliicolous lichens has served as a basic reference for species identification. In the list which follows, refer- ence to Santesson’s monograph is indicated as follows: S: [page number]. The list contains new and unpublished taxa, comments on nomenclature, taxonomy, and reports of new localities. New localities in countries which are reported for the first time are marked with an asterisk (°). Table 1 gives a summary of them. All specimens are in the Farlow Herbarium unless otherwise indicated, where they are filed under the name listed in the heading. If they are not filed under that name, it will be noted. In some cases, specimens bear annotations of Santesson, but he has not published these data. Arthonia Ach. nom. cons. Arthonia trilocularis Mull. Arg. PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Bulacan Prov., Angat, on bamboo culms, Ramos, 1913, no. 21867. IMy work in the United States was made possible by a grant from the Rotary Foundation of the Rotary International (1975—76). Sincere thanks are extended to Drs. G. Sayre and D. H. Pfister and the entire staff of the Farlow Herbarium, and to Drs. V. Demoulin and J. Lambinon of Liége, Belgium. “Département de Botanique, Université de Liége, Sart Tilman, B—4000, Liege, Belgique. 1 tf [ EMMANUEL SERUSIAUX TABLE |, SPECIES RANGE EXTENSIONS Country Species—First Report USA Aulaxina microphana, Lopadium fuscum Guatemala Porina platypoda, Trichothelium epiphyllum Belize Mazosia melanophthalma, Porina nitidula, P. rubentior, P. leptosperma, Tri- (British Honduras ) chothelium minus, T. epiphyllum, Tricharia dilatata, Byssolecania fumosoni- gricans, Phyllophiale alba Mexico Porina nitidula, P. octomera, Bacidia apiahica Cuba Gyalectidium rotuliforme, Echinoplaca strigulacea, Tapellaria bilimbioides, Sporopodium xantholeucum, Lasioloma arachnoideum Jamaica Mazosia rotula, M. melanophthalma, Raciborskiella janeirensis, R. prasina, Porina phyllogena, Gyalectidium filicinum, Tricharia vulgaris, Bacidia sub- lecanorina, Byssoloma subdiscordans, Sporopodium xantholeucum, Phyllophiale alba Puerto Rico Mazosia melanophthalma, Porina rubentior, Aspidothelium fugiens, Gyalecti- dium aspidotum, Echinoplaca argentea, Tapellaria bilimbioides, Lasioloma arachnoideum Trinidad Opegrapha filicina, Chroodiscus coccineus Chile Byssoloma subdiscordans China Byssoloma subdiscordans Indonesia (Sumatra) Porina limbulata New Guinea Mazosia dispersa, Tricharia albostrigosa, Bacidia vieillardii, B. psychotriae Pacific Islands Catillaria bouteillei, Tapellaria nigrata Merrill previously identified this specimen as Arthonia myristicae Mill. Arg. In fact, it corresponds to the description of Miiller-Argoviensis (Lich. Beitrige XII, Flora 64:233, 1881). The collection has abundant ascocarps and spores. The thallus covers large areas of the bamboo culm. Arthonia myristicae is considered to be a synonym of A. trilocularis (S:84). Ramos’s number 21861 (TUR) is the holotype of A. bambusicola Vain. This species is also considered a synonym of A. trilocularis (S:84). It also came from Luzon and was found on a bamboo culm. Distribution: pantropical. Arthonia macrosperma (Zahlbr.) R. Sant. Fig. 1. INDONESIA: Ambona, Robinson, 1913, no. 2414. In this specimen, I observed brown spores, a fact not mentioned by Santesson (S:90). The spores are ellipsoid to claviform, typically macro- cephalic, often curved, 9-10(-11) septate, slightly constricted at the septa, 90-72.5 * 12-13 wm (20 spores measured ). There are eight ascospores per ascus. Distribution: Indonesia, New Guinea. FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS 3 Arthonia sp. Fig. 2. NEW GUINEA: Idenburg River, Bernhard Camp, alt 55 m, rain forest, Brass, 1939, no. 13899. This specimen was given a name by R. Santesson but the name has not been published. The material examined was scanty and it is difficult to describe the variations of the taxon correctly. Ther efor e, I prefer to leave it unpublished for the moment. Thallus round, 0.5-10 mm in diam, dispersed, formed by irregular and sometimes confluent algiferous patches, greenish white to greenish brown, verrucose (verrucae very low to almost hemispherical, in this case 0.1 mm in diam, sometimes confluent, whitish). Thallus thin, 10-15 pm_ thick. Apothecia round or lightly irregular (0.3-)0.4-0.6 mm diam, mostly localized between the algiferous patches, disc plane, black, non-pruinose, emarginate. Excipulum totally absent, hy eae pae rather indistinct, iaiientin uncolored or perhaps with gray ish patches, + 20 wm thick. Asci ovoid to almost globose, thick-walled, S-spored. Paraphysoids abundant, branched and anastomosing. Spores ellipsoid to almost claviform, 4-5 septate, with slight constrictions at the septa, distinctly macrocephalic, apparently colorless, 39-45 « 9-11 «m (10 spores measured). Hymenium J— or J+ reddish. Symbiotic alga: a Phycopeltis sp. with long, rectangular or somewhat irregular cells forming continuous plates arranged in + radi- ated rows from the center of thallus. Among the foliicolous Arthonia with multiseptate (>3) and macro- cephalic spores, this species can be distinguished as follows: A. Thallus verrucose, spores 4-5 septate, 40-45 * 10 um ..........-. Arthonia sp. Ae Phallus smooth: ic4G-ieaex ew ed cea ee eh ae ee see onal eh eae esas B. B. Spores 3-5 septate, 16-25 (3-)4-8 um; South America, southeast Asia ...... cas Ae Laan icky aa ae eee be ete ae A, palmulacea (Mull. Arg.) R. Sant. B’. Spores (4—)5-7 septate, 32-44 x 7-10 um; southeast Asia .............-+--- Baden aca cs deahg ae Gh ects Wes GG elo oe eg 4 A. calamicola (Syd.) R. Sant. B”. Spores 8-12 septate, 50-90 * 12-16 um; southeast Asia ...........00-.00005- eb hae ee bas a Geo as ney oaks eee A. macrosperma (Zahlbr.) R. Sant. There are contradictions in Santesson’s (1952) monograph concerning the size and septation of the spores of Arthonia macrosperma. On page 76 they are listed as 7-9 septate, 50-90 x 12-16 pm; on page 90 they are said to be 8-12 septate, 35-38 x 9-14 pm. I find 8-12 septa and the range to be 50-90 x 12-15 um. Distribution: New Guinea. Opegrapha Ach. nom. cons. Opegrapha filicina Mont. BELIZE (formerly British Honduras): El Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains), Valentin, on 4 EMMANUEL SERUSIAUX Brasimum sp., Mains, 1936, no. 3756 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). JAMAICA: on Callistemon sp., Pessin, 1919 (filed as Byssoloma sp.). TRINIDAD; Maraval Valley, Thaxter, 1912-13, no. 1799 (filed as Cryptothecia candida). Santesson (S:102) questions the unverified reports of this species from Belize (Hedrick, 1939) and Jamaica (Plitt, 1921). Specimens in the Farlow Herbarium indicate that the species does occur in both places. Distribution: common in tropical and subtropical America, also known in Africa and recently mentioned in India (Awasthi & Singh, 1973), * Trinidad. Mazosia Mass. Mazosia rotula (Mont.) Mass. BELIZE (formerly British Honduras): El Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains), Valentin, Mains, 1936, no. 3559; on palm, Mains, 1936, no. 3679; on Brasimum sp., Mains, 1939, no. 3756 (all filed as Porina epiphylla group). yAMaica: Kingston, on “Jambos jambos,” Thaxter, 1891, no. 7252. Braziu: State of Pard, Acard dist., 1 km up Rio Thomé Asst, alt 35 m, Mexia, 1931, no. 6047a (filed as Porina epiphylla group). Distribution: common in tropical America, rare in other tropical areas. Mazosia melanophthalma (Mill. Arg.) R. Sant. BELIZE (formerly British Honduras ): El Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains), Valentin, on palm, Mains, 1936, no. 3679 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). JAMAIcA: Kingston, on “Jambos jambos,” Thaxter, 1891, no. 7252. purRro rico: Rio Piédras, on “Eugenia jambos,” Fink, 1915, no. 482; Fink, 1915, no. 500 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Bulacan Prov., Angat, on bamboo culms, Ramos, 1913, no. 21867. The report of the collection from the Philippines as being bambusi- colous is apparently the first for this species. Distribution: pantropical, * Jamaica, *Puerto Rico. Mazosia dispersa (Hedrick) R. Sant. NEW GUINEA: Idenburg River, Bernhard Camp, alt 55 m, rain forest, Brass, 1939, no. 13899. Distribution: tropical America, Africa, * New Guinea. Microtheliopsis Miill. Arg. Microtheliopsis uleana Mill. Arg. COLOMBIA: Cauca River, Denton, 1894. New GuINEA: Idenburg River, Bernhard Camp, alt 55 m, rain forest, Brass, 1939, no, 13899. Nowak and Winkler (1975) mention Microtheliopsis cfr. uleana in their study on substrate abundances of foliicolous lichens in Colombia. This is the first unquestionable report of the species in that country. FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS 5 Distribution: pantropical. Raciborskiella von Hohnel, non Speg. nec Wislouch Raciborskiella janeirensis (Mill. Arg.) R. Sant. jamaica: Kingston, hypophyllous, Thaxter, 1891, no. 7243. Distribution: pantropical, * Jamaica. Raciborskiella prasina (Mull. Arg.) R. Sant. jamaica: Kingston, Thaxter, 1891, no. 7243 and 7252, hypophyllous in 7243, hypo- phyllous and epiphyllous in 7252. Distribution: pantropical, * Jamaica. Porina Mull. Arg. nom. cons., non Ach. Porina phyllogena Mull. Arg. jamaica: Thaxter, 1891. Distribution: pantropical, * Jamaica. Porina platypoda Mill. Arg. GUATEMALA: [label almost illegible] Alta Verapaz dep., Cubilguitz, Tuerckheim, 1903 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). coLompra: Cauca River, Denton, 1894. INpo- NESIA: Java, Batavia, “Panperango” Mountain, alt + 1000 m, on Pinanga sp., Schiffner, 1894, no. 3464 (filed as Phyllobathelium nudum Zahlbr. ). Distribution: tropical America, southeast Asia,* Philippines, *Guate- mala. Porina multipunctata R. Sant. PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Butuan, Weber, 1911, no. 1415 (filed as Mazosia melano- phthalma). Recently Vézda (1975b) described a new variety of this taxon as fol- lows: “Sporae mox fissae, duas diasporas separatus simplices formantes.” In the specimen | examined, most of the mature spores were broken into two parts. Thus, it should be referred to P. multipunctata var. schizospora Vézda. Distribution: Philippines, New Guinea, Polynesia. cently discovered in Tanzania (Vézda, 1975b). 38Southeast Asia includes Indonesia and Indochina. 6 EMMANUEL SERUSIAUX Porina corruscans (Rehm) R. Sant. PHILIPPINES: Batan (N. Luzon), Sabtang, McGregor, 1909, no. 10192. Distribution: Philippines, New Guinea, Polynesia. Porina nitidula Mull. Arg. BELIZE (formerly British Honduras): El Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains), Cobune Ridge, on Acacia sp., Mains, 1936, no. 3812 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). MEX1co: Tamasopo, S.L.P., Pringle, 1891 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). Distribution: pantropical, * Belize, *Mexico. Porina conica R. Sant. MALAYSIA: Malacca, Yvan (filed as Porina epiphylla group). pHitippines: Negros Canlaon Volcano, Merrill, 1919, no. 6884 (filed as Porina multiseptata ). ry Distribution: common in tropical Asia, also found in Polynesia, New Guinea, Australia. Porina multiseptata Mill. Arg. PHILIPPINES: Negros, Canlaon Volcano, Merrill, 1910, no. 6884. Distribution: southeast Asia, Philippines, New Guinea. Porina homala R. Sant. INDONESIA: Java, Batavia, “Panperango” Mountain alt + 1000 m, on Pinanga sp., Schiffner, 1894, no. 3464 (filed as Phyllobathelium nudum Zahlbr. ). Some spores are larger and wider than mentioned by Santesson (S:246) e.g., 69 10 wm. Distribution: Indonesia, New Guinea. Rare. Porina limbulata (Krempelh.) R. Sant. INDONESIA: Sumatra, Pisopiso (at Lake Toba), alt 1200 m, Palm, 1926, no. 30 (this number added by Santesson) (filed as Trichothelium annulatum). Distribution: pantropical, * Indonesia, Sumatra. Common. Porina rubentior (Stirt.) Mull. Arg. BELIZE (formerly British Honduras): El Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains), Cobune Ridge, on Acacia sp., Mains, 1936, no. 3812; Valentin, on Brasimum sp., Mains, 1936, no. 3756 (both filed as Porina epiphylla group). PUERTO RICO: Rio Piédras, on “Eugenia jambos,” Fink, 1915, no. 482 (filed as Mazosia melanophthalma); Fink, 1915, no. 500 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). This species has been found in association with Porina limbulata (Krempelh.) Vain. in the Puerto Rican collections. They differ in the size FOLICOLOUS LICHENS 7 of the perithecia as follows: Porina limbulata: 0.21-0.40(-0.50) mm Porina rubentior: 0.11-0.19(-0.22) mm Distribution: tropical America (sometimes reported in subtropical areas), *Belize, *Puerto Rico. Rare elsewhere. Porina leptosperma Mull. Arg. BELIZE (formerly British Honduras): El Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains), Cobune Ridge, on Acacia sp., Mains, 1936, no. 3812 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). Distribution: pantropical, * Belize. Porina octomera (Mill. Arg.) Schilling MEXICO: Tamasopo, S.L.P., Pringle, 1891 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). Compared with the reddish-brown perithecia of the African specimens previously examined, the perithecia of this Mexican collection are redder, but within the range of variation for this species. Distribution: pantropical, *Mexico. Only common in Brazil. Trichothelium Mill. Arg. emend. R. Sant. Trichothelium minus Vain. BELIZE (formerly British Honduras): El Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains ), Cobune Ridge, on Acacia sp., Mains, 1936, no. 3812; Valentin, on palm, Mains, 1936, no. 3679 (both filed as Porina epiphylla group). Distribution: limited to tropical America, * Belize. Trichothelium alboatrum Vain. INDONESIA: Java, Zandbai [locality not found on maps], on Cynometra sp., Nyman, 1897, no. 12a (filed as Lopadium fuscum). > Distribution: Africa, Asia. Common. Trichothelium epiphyllum Mill. Arg. GUATEMALA: [label almost illegible] Alta Verapaz dep., Cubilguitz, Tuerckheim, 1903 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). BeLize (formerly British Honduras ): E] Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains), Cobune Ridge, on Acacia sp., Mains, 1936, no. 3812 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). The perithecia may be almost black, but more often are brown with hairs which are often translucent at their tips, evidently through bleach- ing. These specimens belong to Trichothelium epiphyllum var. pallescens Mill. Arg. but do not represent an autonomous taxonomic unit (S:273- 274). All spores examined were found to be more than 40 »m long. 8 EMMANUEL SERUSIAUX Distribution: pantropical, *Guatemala, * Belize. Common in America. Trichothelium annulatum ( Karst.) R. Sant. PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Butuan, Weber, 1911, no. 1413 (filed as Byssolecania fuscolivida Vain. [= B. fumosonigricans (Mill. Arg.) R. Sant.]). Distribution: pantropical. Aspidothelium Vain. emend. R. Sant. Aspidothelium fugiens (Mull. Arg.) R. Sant. PUERTO RICO: Rio Piédras, Fink, 1915, no. 470 and 499 [both numbers on the same label] (filed as Lopadium sp.). NEw Guinea: Idenburg River, Bernhard Camp, alt 850 m, rain forest, Brass, 1939. Distribution: pantropical, * Puerto Rico. Aulaxina F'ée Aulaxina microphana ( Vain.) R. Sant. USA. FLORIDA: Sanford, on palmetto leaves, Rapp, 1914. Originally described from the Phillippines, this species is also known from Africa (Vezda, 1974). This is the first report of the species from North America. The specimen examined has a dispersed brownish thallus and 3-septate spores, 12-14 x 3-4 pm. Further material should be ex- amined to definitely establish the range of distribution. Aulaxina epiphylla (Zahlbr.) R. Sant. INDONESIA: Sumatra, Pisopiso (at Lake Toba), alt 1200 m, Palm, 1926, no. 30 [this number added by Santesson] (filed as Trichothelium annulatum). Distribution: Africa, southeast Asia, Philippines, New Guinea, Australia. Chroodiscus ( Miill. Arg.) Mull. Arg. Chroodiscus coccineus ( Leight.) Mill. Arg. TRINIDAD: Maraval Valley, Thaxter, 1912-13, no. 1799 (filed as Cryptothecia candida). BRAZIL: State of Minas Gerais, dist. Casca, “Fazenda de Cocco de Orro, near Lagoa Cocco de Orro” [probably N. Belo Horizonte], Mexia, 1930, no. 5012a (filed as Porina epiphylla group). Distribution: pantropical, very common in tropical America (rare else- where ), ° Trinidad. Chroodiscus mirificus (Krempelh. ) R. Sant. FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS 9 NEW GUINEA: Idenburg River, Bernhard Camp, alt 55 m, rain forest, Brass, 1939, no. 13899. This specimen is very similar to the illustration of Chroodiscus mirificus shown in Fig. 1 of Santesson (S:30). It has abundant, appressed, squami- form isidia. The delimitation of the taxon and its variability need further investigation. The previously studied specimens from Africa differ as follows: they lack isidia; they have a continuous thallus which is not dis- persed in radiate strips and which is verrucose rather than slightly rugose. The African specimens are usually referred to C. mirificus (S$:314; Vezda, 1973 and 1975b). Distribution: pantropi al. Calenia Mill. Arg. emend. R. Sant. Calenia graphidea Vain. NEW GUINEA: Idenburg River, Bernhard Camp, alt 55 m, rain forest, Brass, 1939, no. 13899. This species is similar to Calenia depressa Mill. Arg. from which it can be distinguished by the orange to brown color of the dise and by its irreg- ular apothecia. In C. depressa the disc is dark, mostly gray. Distribution: pantropical, common in tropical Asia. Calenia thelotremella Vain. NEW GUINEA: Idenburg River, Bernhard Camp, alt 55 m, rain forest, Brass, 1939, no. 13899. Distribution: common in tropical Asia. Calenia trispetata Zahlbr. BRAZIL: $40 Paulo, I. de S. Amaro near Santos, alt 5-50 m, Schiffner, 1901. The specimen examined is obviously an isotype. Santesson (S:344) has searched for authentic specimens in vain. He said: “it may be C. sub- maculans but certain statements in the diagnosis do not coincide with this species.” The specimen is a typical Calenia species. Zahlbruckner’s de- scription of the external morphology (Zahlbruckner, 1909; 121-122) is correct: “Thallus . . . uniformis, submembranaceous, tennuissimus continuus, gilvovirescens. . . densissime granulis minutis adspersus, Unfortunately, the specimen examined is young and neither asci nor spores had yet formed. Therefore, a decision on its taxonomic status can- not be made on the material now available. Distribution: Brazil. 10 EMMANUEL SERUSIAUX Gyalectidium Miill. Arg. Gyalectidium filicinum Mill. Arg. USA. FLORIDA: Ocala National Forest, Juniper Springs, on needle palm, Thomson, 1954, no. 4448 (filed as Byssoloma leucoblepharum). jamaica: Kingston, on “Jambos jambos,” Thaxter, 1891, no. 7252. puerto rico: Rio Piédras, Fink, 1915, no. 470 and 499 [both numbers on same label] (filed as Lopadium sp.); Fink, 1915, no. 500 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). Distribution: pantropical, * Jamaica. Common in tropical America. Gyalectidium rotuliforme Mill. Arg. cuBaA: Monte Verde, probably Wright (filed as Tapellaria nana). Distribution: pantropical, *Cuba. Gyalectidium aspidotum ( Vain.) R. Sant. PUERTO RICO: Rio Piédras, Fink, 1915, no. 470 and 499 [both numbers on same label] (filed as Lopadium sp.). FIJI ISLANDS: Vitu Levu, southern slopes of Nausori Highlands, in drainage of Namosi Creek above Tumbenasolo, alt 300-450 m, dense forest, Smith, 1947, no. 4598a. Distribution: pantropical, * Puerto Rico. Echinoplaca Fée Echinoplaca strigulacea (Miill. Arg.) R. Sant. cuBA: Monte Verde, Wright. cotomBiA: Cauca River, Denton, 1894 (filed as Microtheliopsis uleana). Distribution: limited to tropical America, *Cuba. Echinoplaca pellicula (Miill. Arg.) R. Sant. PUERTO RICO: Rio Piédras, Fink, 1915, no. 470 and 499 [both numbers on same label] (filed as Lopadium sp.). Distribution: pantropical, Echinoplaca argentea ( Mont.) R. Sant. PUERTO RICO: Rio Piédras, Fink, 1915, no. 470 and 499 [both numbers on same label] (filed as Lopadium sp.). Among the species of Echinoplaca, this species and E. epiphylla Fée are distinguished by their muriform spores and unisporal asci. The two species are close but can be separated as follows: Echinoplaca argentea: apothecia brown to blackish-brown, hymenium K-, spores 30-48 x 18-30 um according to Santesson ($:374). This speci- FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS 11 men measures 25-41 x 15-28 pm. Echinoplaca epiphylla: apothecia yellowish-brown to pale brown, hymenium K+ yellow, spores 36-70 x 20-48 um according to Santesson (S:375). In the specimens from East Africa I have examined previously, the spore measurements are 42-66 x (18—)23-46 p»m. The species is present in tropical America where it is both corticolous and foliicolous. Distribution: tropical America, mentioned from Guinea* and Tanzania ( Vezda, 1975b), *Puerto Rico. Tricharia Fée emend. R. Sant. Tricharia vainioi R. Sant. INDONESIA: Sumatra, Marapi Mountain, alt 1400-1600 m, Schiffner, 1894. Distribution: Africa, Asia, Australia. Tricharia urceolata (Mill. Arg.) R. Sant. TRINIDAD: Maraval Valley, Thaxter, 1913. Distribution: common in tropical Amcrica, recently discovered in Tan- zania ( Vézda, 1975b). Tricharia carnea (Mill. Arg.) R. Sant. BELIZE (formerly British Honduras); El Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains ), Valentin, on Prypetes sp., Mains, 1936, no. 3552. The presence of this species in Belize mentioned by Hedrick (1939) has been unverified (S:387 ). Distribution: common in tropical America. Also reported from Vietnam, Tanzania ( Vézda, 1975b). Tricharia albostrigosa R. Sant. NEW cuINEA: Milne Bay dist., Goodenough Islands, east slopes, alt 1500-1600 m, banks of a stream in a forest, Brass, 1953, no. 24595A (filed as Byssoloma leucoble- pharum). Distribution: pantropical, ° New Guinea. Tricharia vulgaris (Mill. Arg.) R. Sant. jamaica: Wright, 1909; Port Antonio, Wright, 1903. puUERTO RICO: vicinity of 4It should be noted that, in his exhaustive studies on the foliicolous lichens of W. Guinea, Vézda (1973, 1974, 1975a) does not mention this species. However, in his paper on the genus Gyalidea (Vézda, 1966) he does report it growing in W. Guinea together with G. epiphylla. 12 EMMANUEL SERUSIAUX Utado, Wheeler, 1906, no. 992a [probably associated with Tricharia carnea]. Distribution: common in tropical America, * Jamaica. Tricharia dilatata Vézda Fig. 3. BELIZE (formerly British Honduras): El Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains), Valentin, on palm, Mains, 1936, no. 3679 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). This material is typical but scanty. It is the first collection of this species reported from America. Distribution: Africa (Vézda, 1973, 1975b), * Belize. Gyalidea Lett. emend. Vézda Gyalidea sp. Fig. 4. BELIZE (formerly British Honduras): El Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains), Cobune Ridge, on Acacia sp., Mains, 1936, no. 3812 (filed as Porina epiphylla group ). Thallus + dispersed, very thin, grayish green. Apothecia not abundant, 0.1 mm diam, urceolate, distinctly constricted at the base, disc concave, very pale orange-brown, almost translucent, margin prominent, concolor- ous with disc. Excipulum colorless or very pale brown, almost without structure, gelatinous. Ascus clavate, 6-8 spored. Paraphyses simple, 1 »m thick, not thickened at the apices, + gelatinous. Spores 3-septate, ellipsoid, strongly constricted at the septa, 17-29 x 5-9 ym ( in IKI). Hymenium J—. Algae ovoid to ellipsoid, green. This species is close to Gyalidea epiphylla Vezda, but differs in spore size. It is probably a new species. Unfortunately, the material is too scanty to allow a correct delimitation of this taxon. Species of the genus Gyalidea never have been reported before as folii- colous in America. Distribution: Belize. Dimerella Trevis. Dimerella epiphylla (Mill. Arg.) Malme Fig. 5. BELIZE (formerly British Honduras): El Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains), Cobune Ridge, on Acacia sp., Mains, 1936, no. 3812 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). The spore shape ranges from ellipsoid to fusiform but it is sometimes bacilliform or boomerang-like. The spores are 11-14 x 2.5-3.5 pm. Distribution: pantropical, also temperate (e.g., Chile). Dimerella lutea (Dicks. ) Trevis. FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS 13 BRAZIL: State of Minas Gerais, Fazenda do Deserte, Varje [Varjaé ?], alt 690 m, on lemon tree, Mexia, 1930, no. 5243b (filed as Byssoloma leucoblepharum). This specimen is similar to Santesson’s description (S:402). It is gen- erally corticolous. Distribution: nearly cosmopolitan. Semigyalecta Vain. Semigyalecta paradoxa Vain. INDONESIA: Java, Batavia, “Panperango” Mountain, alt + 1000 m, on Pinanga sp., Schiffner, 1894, no. 3464 (filed as Phyllobathelium nudum Zahlbr. ). This is the only species in the genus and it is endemic to Indonesia and the Philippines. Catillaria Mass. emend. Th. Fr. nom. cons. prop.” Catillaria bouteillei (Desm.) Zahlbr. USA, NORTH CAROLINA: Cranberry, on Rhododendron sp., Thaxter, 1896. FLORIDA: Sanford, on palmetto, Rapp, 1915, no. 610. BRaziL: State of Minas Gerais, Vicgosa (N. Rio Janeiro), Fazenda de Aguada, Mexia, 1930, no. 4927b (filed as Lopadium sp.). TAHITI: (Society Islands) Fautaua Valley, on Persea americana, Setchell & Parks, 1922, no. 5096 pro parte (filed as Byssoloma chlorinum). A poor but typical specimen of this species has been found in the Sbarbaro Herbarium. The label reads: “National Museum, Ireland. Botan- ical Collections. On Box trees, Ranfurley Park, Co. Iqrone [or Co. Iprone ?], Aug., 1926. Coll. R. W. Poingham.” There is a question as to whether the specimen really comes from Ireland. Distribution: nearly cosmopolitan, known only as foliicolous in tropical areas, *Society Islands. Bacidia de Not. emend. Zahlbr. Bacidia apiahica (Mill. Arg.) Zahlbr. MExIco: Cordoba, Vera Cruz [collected by ?], 1885. The species is very close to Bacidia ziamensis Vézda but can be distin- guished by the color and the K reaction of the hypothecium as follows: Bacidia ziamensis: hypothecium brown, K+ Bacidia apiahica: hypothecium colorless, K—. 5This genus is more commonly known as Catillaria (Ach.) Th. Fr. Further work is needed to resolve the nomenclatural problems. 14 EMMANUEL SERUSIAUX Distribution: pantropical, sometimes subtropical, * Mexico. Bacidia olivaceorufa Vain. PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Camarines prov., Adiagano, Robinson, 1908, no. 6387 (filed as Porina virescens ). Distribution: emdemic to Indonesia and the Philippines. Bacidia fuscatula (Mill. Arg.) Zahlbr. BRAZIL: State of Minas Gerais, Vigosa (N. Rio Janeiro), Fazenda de Aguada, Mexia, 1930, no. 4927b (filed as Lopadium sp.). Distribution: probably pantropical, rare in Asia. Bacidia vieillardii (Mill. Arg.) R. Sant. NEW GuINEA: Idenburg River, Bernhard Camp, alt 55 m, rain forest, Brass, 1939, no. 13899. This species is very close to Bacidia lecanorina (Zahlbr.) R. Sant., but there are minor differences in the verrucae of the thallus ($:468-469 ). Distribution: Philippines, New Caledonia, *New Guinea. Bacidia psychotriae (Miill. Arg.) Zahlbr. NEW GUINEA: Idenburg River, Bernhard Camp, alt 55 m, rain forest, Brass, 1939, no. 13899. Distribution: Venezuela, Brazil, * New Guinea. Bacidia sublecanorina (Nyl.) Zahlbr. yAMaIcA: Kingston, Thaxter, 1891. Distribution: pantropical, rare in Asia, * Jamaica. Byssoloma Trevis. Byssoloma tricholomum (Mont.) Zahlbr. sensu R. Sant. usa. FLoRIDA: Sanford, on palmetto, Rapp, 1910, no. 2. This is a typical specimen with a brown excipulum, K-+- red. Distribution: pantropical, rare in Asia. Byssoloma leucoblepharum (Nyl.) Vain. sensu R. Sant. } ; USA, SOUTH CAROLINA: corticolous, Ravenel, 1851, Reliquiae Tuckermanianae, no. 17. FLoRtDa; Jacksonville, corticolous, Calkins [number illegible]; Calkins, 1888; Ocala National Forest, Juniper Springs, on needle palm, Thomson, 1954, no. 4447, 4448; on FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS 15 at ae ay x ‘C) ( \ \ “C_) / oon) \ | ij 10 u | | ° SS. : | | ANN al Fic. 1-7. 1. Arthonia macrosperma (Zahlbr.) R. Sant.: a. ascus with immature spores; b. spore. 2. Arthonia sp.: spores. 3. Tricharia dilatata Vézda: a. habit of an hyphophore [sensu Vézda, 1973]; b. hyphae present on the lower surface of the hyphophore. 4. Gyalidea sp.: a. ascus with immature spores; b. spores. 5. Dimerella epiphylla (Mill. Arg.) Malme: ascus with spores. 6. Lopadium cfr. subpilosum (Vain.) Zahlbr.: hairs of the apothecial margin. 7. Lasioloma arach- noideum (Krempelh.) R. Sant.: hairs of the apothecial margin. 16 EMMANUEL SERUSIAUX Ilex sp. and Leucothoé sp. in palm hummock, no. 4452 (filed as Lopadium puiggarii except 4448); Sanford, corticolous, Rapp; on stems, Rapp, 1907; corticolous on Magnolia glauca, Rapp, 1911, 1912, 1914, 1915. puerto rico: Mayagiiez, woods, on palm, Fink, 1915, no. 934; open place, on Theobroma cacao, Fink, 1915, no. 953; Rio Piédras, Fink, 1915, no, 470 and 499 [both numbers on same label] (filed as Lopadium sp.). BRAziL: State of Minas Gerais, Fazenda do Deserte, Varje [Varjao ?], alt 690 m, on lemon tree, Mexia, 1930, no. 5243b. NEW GUINEA: Milne Bay dist., Goodenough Islands, east slopes, alt 1500-1600 m, banks of a stream in a forest, Brass, 1953, no. 24595A. Distribution: pantropical (common), temperate. Only foliicolous in tropical areas. Byssoloma subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James [=B. rotuliforme (Miill. Arg. ) R. Sant. ] USA. NORTH CAROLINA: Cranberry, Thaxter, 1896. GEORGIA: vicinity of Tallulah Falls, deep ravine of Tallulah Lodge, Seymour & Moss, 1901 (two specimens ); deep ravine e, of Tallulah College, Seymour & Moss, 1901. FLortpa: several collections without locality; Grand Island, Underwood, 1891, no. 1507; Ocala National Forest, Oklawaka River, on cabbage palm, Thomson, 1954, no. 4443; Sanford, on palmetto, Rapp, 1915, no. 137; Rapp, 1917, no. 3. BAHAMAS: Crooked Island, Stopper Hill, on “Eugenia,” Brace, 1906, no, 4838, JAMAICA: Cummings, 1905, 1915, no. 175; on ginger, Pessin, 1919 (filed as Lopadium puiggarii); Plitt. puerro nico: Rio Piédras, Fink, 1915, no. 470 and 499 [both numbers on same label] (filed as Lopadium sp.). GUADELOUPE: transverse road, 40 km from Basse-Terre, alt 586 m, on bamboo culm, Pfister, Carpenter & Sherwood, 1974, no. P834, cuiLe: Concepcion, Thaxter, 1906, no. 2388. GERMANY: Carinthie, ad ramulos Abietis pectinatae in declivibus occidentali- bus montis Falkenburg prope Klagenfurt, c.a. 400 s.m., leg. Steiner, Kryptogamae Exsiccatae, no. 865b; Flora Exsiccata Austro-Hungarica, no. 3129; Lichenes Karinthiae exsiccatae [no number]. [All three German collections are on twigs and needles of Abies, together with Catillaria bouteillei]. ausrria: [locality illegible], Wiener Krypto- gamen Taudschanstalt [on twigs and needles of Abies, together with Catillaria bouteillei]. cuunA: Fukien Prov., Kuliang near Foochow, alt 500-600 m, Chung, 1926, no, F457, F561. One spore with 5 septa was seen from Plitt’s Jamaican specimen. This species is reported as bambusicolous in Guadeloupe. Distribution: pantropical, rare in Asia, common in some European forests, °Chile, *China. Byssoloma subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James forma puertoricensis Sérusiaux forma nova A typo differt sporis l-septis et 7-12 x 2.5 -3.5 ym. Holotypus: Puerto Rico, Britton, 1914, numerus 1562, FH. PUERTO RICO: vicinity of Mayaguez, Agricultural Station, on tea, Britton, 1914, no. 1563. Holotype: FH. The general appearance of this new taxon is exactly the same as Byssoloma subdiscordans but microscopic examination reveals some dif- ferences in the size and septation of the spores. They are as follows: FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS vs Byssoloma subdiscordans £. subdiscordans: spores 3-septate, 10-17 x 3-5 pm (§:491), 12-20 x 3-5 pm in the material I have examined from East Africa. Byssoloma subdiscordans f. puertoricensis: spores 1-septate, 7-12 x a 3.5 pm. This taxon cannot be considered a young stage of Byssoloma sub- discordans since the thallus is well-developed and otherwise typical, apothecia are abundant, 0.2-0.5 mm diam, with a byssoid margin 0.05 mm wide. More than 200 mature spores have been examined. No spores having 3 septa or which measure more than 12.0 »m have been found. Fink’s 1916 collections from Manati, Puerto Rico, have been described as Calenia albonigra Zahlbr. (no. 2121, W) (Zahlbruckner, 1930) and as Biatorina leucoblepharoides Merrill (no. 2127, MICH) (Hedrick, 1930). Although these species have different numbers, both have been estab- lished as being found in exactly the same locality. They could represent portions of the same collection. They are synonyms of Byssoloma sub- discordans according to Santesson (S:490). He also claims that Fink’s collection has |-septate spores, occasionally 3-septate, 7-11(-14) x 2-3 (-4) pm. I have examined an isotype of Biatorina leucoblepharoides and arrive at the same conclusion. I believe that the occurrence of smaller and l-septate spores is a minor variation which does not warrant the recogni- tion of a distinct species. The Fink material is rather scanty and because it has some 3-septate spores, I do not accept the name it has been described under and I do not consider it the holotype of this new form. Tapellaria Mill. Arg. cmend. R. Sant. Tapellaria bilimbioides R. Sant. cuBa: Isles of Pines, La Cunagua, on Hirtella sp., Britton, Britton & Wilson, 1916, no. 14593; Sierra de las Cassas, on “Jambos,” Britton & Wilson, 1916, no. 15768a. PUERTO RICO: Martin Pena, Stevenson, 1916, no. 3709. Martin Pena is the only information of the Puerto Rican locality which appears on the label. This is the name of a canal in Puerto Rico and it seems certain that the specimen comes from that locality, as the collector is a specialist of the fungus flora of that area (see Stevenson, 1918 and 1975). These are the first collections reported from America, The specimens examined are typical and well-developed Tapellaria hilimbioides R. Sant. Some characteristics of the Puerto Rican specimen follow: 4-8 spores per ascus (with the remains of the aborted spores when 4); spores 3(-4) septate, ellipsoid, slightly but distinctly constricted at the septa, 16-20 x 4-5 pm (average 17-4.5 pm). Distribution: India (Awasthi & Singh, 1973), Indonesia, Philippines, *Cuba, *Puerto Rico. 18 EMMANUEL SERUSIAUX Tapellaria nigrata (Mill. Arg.) R. Sant. TAHITI: (Society Islands) Fautaua Valley, on Persea americana, Setchell ¢ Parkes, 1922, no. 5096 pro parte (filed as Byssoloma chlorinum). A typical Tapellaria species with apothecia 0.2-0.4(-0.5) mm diam and (4-)6-8 spores per ascus, ascospores (3-)5-6(-7) septate, ellipsoid, slightly constricted at the septa, sometimes distinctly tapering towards one end, 16-33 x 4-6 um. This collection is considered to be a young specimen of Tapellaria nigrata. Distribution: South America, Africa, * Tahiti. Tapellaria epiphylla (Miill. Arg.) R. Sant. USA, FLORIDA: Ocala National Forest, Juniper Springs, on needle palm, Thomson, 1954, no. 4447 (filed as Lopadium puiggarii); on Ilex sp. and Leucothoé sp. in palm hummock, Thomson, 1954, no. 4452 (filed as Lopadium puiggarii); on needle palm, Thomson, 1954, no. 4448 (filed as Byssoloma leucoblepharum), Distribution: tropical America, Africa, Hawaiian Islands, sometimes subtropical and temperate. Tapellaria nana (Fée) R. Sant. cuBA: Monte Verde, Wright. nrazii: State of Minas Gerais, Vicosa (N. Rio Janeiro ) Fazenda de Aguada, Mexia, 1930, no. 4927b (filed as Lopadium sp.). Distribution: Cuba, Brazil, Hawaiian Islands. Sporopodium Mont. emend. R. Sant. Sporopodium xantholeucum (Miill. Arg.) Zahlbr. cuBA: Wright. Jamaica: Thaxter, 1891; Pessin, 1919, no. 19-I. Distribution: pantropical, °Cuba, * Jamaica. Lopadium Korb. nom. cons. Lopadium fuscum Mill. Arg. UsA, FLORIDA: Aucilla River, on cabbage palm, Sharp, 1952, no. 4451; Ocala National Forest, Juniper Springs, on needle palm, Thomson, 1954, no. 4447; on Ilex sp. and Leucothoé sp. in palm hummock, Thomson, 1954, no. 4452 (last two filed as Lopadium puiggarii). prazi: State of Minas Gerais, Vigosa (N. Rio Janeiro), Fazenda de Aguada, Mexia, 1930, no, 4927b; Chacha Valley slope, alt 690 m, Mexia, 1930, no. 4708a (both filed as Lopadium Spi) Distribution: pantropical, °USA, Lopadium puiggarii (Miill. Arg.) Zahlbr. FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS 19 cuBA: Monte Verde, Wright. Jamaica: on “ginger,” Pessin, 1919. PUERTO RICO: Stevenson, 1916, no. 3788. BRAziIL: State of Minas Gerais, Vigosa (N. Rio Janeiro), Chacha Valley slope, alt 690 m, Mexia, 1930, no. 4708a (filed as Lopadium sp.). Distribution: pantropical, Lopadium flammeum Mill. Arg. NEW GUINEA: Milne Bay district, Goodenough Island, east slopes, alt 1500-1600 m, banks of a stream in a forest, Brass, 1953, no. 24595A (filed as Byssoloma leucoble- pharum). Distribution: pantropical. Lopadium cfr. subpilosum (Vain. ) Zahlbr. Fig. 6. PUERTO RICO: Manati, in an orchard, on grapefruit, Fink, 1916, no, 2124. Santesson (§:535-536) considers Lecidea subpilosa a typical Lopadium puiggarii (Mill. Arg.) Zahlbr. However, Santesson said “. . . in the type, there are no hairs on the margin of the apothecia; the excipulum surface is smooth.” Vainio’s original description says: “Excipulum grosse paren- chymaticum, extus pilis brevissimis, (.002—0.003 millim. crassis instruc- tum. . .” The excipular surface of the Puerto Rican specimen is furnished with whitish hairs, 60-70 »m long. These tapering hairs are composed of 5-8 cells, 6-10 pm thick, with a globose cell at the base. The margins of the apothecia are slightly downy. Otherwise, the specimen has all the characters of Lopadium puiggarii. I accept temporarily the name Lopadium subpilosum for the Puerto Rican specimen. Further studies are necessary to delimit the taxon cor- rectly, including a reexamination of the type material. It should not be confused with Lasioloma arachnoideum (Krempelh.) R. Sant. which has a gray, woolly, thick, loosely woven hypothallus composed of thick-walled hyphae. The hairs on the apothecial margins of L. arachnoideum, unlike those of Lopadium subpilosum, are composed of thick-walled hyphae as found in the hypothallus. These hairs are illustrated for comparison in Fig. 7 (Africa, Burundi, Lambinon, 1974, no. 74/911, LG). The synonymy of Lopadium subpilosum follows: Lecidea subpilosa Vain., J. Bot. 34:105. 1896. = Sporopodium sub- pilosum (Vain.) Vain., Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A., 15(6):98. 1921. = Lopadium subpilosum (Vain.) Zahlbr., Cat. lich. univ. 4:315. 1926-27. Holotype from the lesser Antilles (TUR). Lasioloma R. Sant. Lasioloma arachnoideum (Krempelh. ) R. Sant. Fig. 7. cusA: Monte Verde, Wright. Another from the same locality under Echinoplaca strigulacea. PUERTO RICO: Rio Piédras, Fink, 1915, no. 470 and 499 [both numbers on 20 EMMANUEL SERUSIAUX same label] (filed as Lopadium sp.). Distribution: pantropical, especially common in Asia, *Cuba, *Puerto Rico. Byssolecania Vain. Byssolecania fumosonigricans (Mill. Arg.) R. Sant. BELIZE (formerly British Honduras): El Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains), Cobune Ridge, on Acacia sp., Mains, 1936, no. 3812 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). Distribution: pantropical, * Belize. Phyllophiale R. Sant. Phyllophiale alba R. Sant. BELIZE (formerly British Honduras): El] Cayo dist. (Maya Mountains), Valentin, on palm, Mains, 1936, no. 3679 (filed as Porina epiphylla group). yaMaica: Thaxter, 1891, no. 7439; Kingston, Thaxter, 1891 (filed as Chroodiscus coccineus ). Distribution: perhaps pantropical, * Belize, * Jamaica. REMARKS ON NOMENCLATURE Byssoloma javanicum Zahlbr., Ann. Crypt. exot. 1(2):159. 1928. — B. tricholomum ( Mont.) Zahlbr. sensu R. Sant. Cat. lich. univ. 2:569. 1923.; sensu Santesson, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 12:480-482. 1952. Basionym: Biatora tricholoma Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., Ser. 3, 16:52. 1851. Other synonyms are given in Santesson ($:480). Unlike Santesson (S:483), who considers Byssoloma javanicum a synonym of B. leucoble- pharum (Nyl.) Vain. sensu R. Sant., I believe that it is a synonym of B, tricholomum. I have examined the following isotype: Indonesia, Java, Batavia, in monte Salak, in silvis primigeniis ad latus septenti, alt 800 m, Schiffner, 1893, no. 3458d. The excipulum is yellowish, K+ intensely yellow and is strongly encrusted with yellow to green granular crystals. These elements are typical of B. tricholomum. The specimen often has lobate and agglomerate apothecia with almost black discs. Sporopodium pilosellum Vain., Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A, 15(6) :98. 1921. — Lopadium pilosellum (Vain.) Zahlbr., Cat. lich. univ. 4:313. 1926-27. = Sporopodium xantholeucum (Mill. Arg.) Zahlbr., Cat. lich. univ. 2:681. 1924. Basionym: Gyalectidium xantholeucum Miill. Arg., Flora 64:101. 1881. FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS 21 I have examined the following isotype of Sporopodium pilosellum Vain.: Philippines, Luzon, Sorsogon prov., Irosin, Bulusan Mount., 1915, no. 14671, Philippine Islands plants dist. by Elmer. On that specimen I found the following: Lasioloma sp. (sterile), Gyalec- tidium aspidotum (Vain.) R. Sant. and Sporopodium xantholeucum (Mill. Arg) Zahlbr. Obviously, the original description of Vainio deals with the last species. The apothecial hairs mentioned in the text (“. . . pilis instructum sat increbris, 0.1-0.05 mm longis, 0.006—0.005 mm crassis, sat_ pachydermaticis, cavitatibus cellularum 0.005—-0.003 mm_ latis, ob- longis.”) are the woolly and + pruinose cover of the margin, typical of the species. The disc is or is not covered with a thick pruina. Neither Vainio nor Santesson mentioned the epithecial algae which are rather sparse but present. In his description, Vainio insists on the strong affinities of Sporopodium pilosellum with Lecidea subpilosa (= Sporopodium subpilosum = Lopadium subpilosum, see p. 19). Since 5. pilosellum is reduced to synonymy with S. xantholeucum and if Lecidea subpilosa can actually be used to name the Puerto Rican specimen cited on page 19 the two taxa belong to close but different genera. LITERATURE CITED Awastut, D. D. and K. P. Sincu. 1973. A synopsis of the foliicolous lichens from the Nilgiri and Palni Hills, India. Geophytology 3: 13-25. Heprick, J. 1930. New species of lichens from Porto Rico. IV. Mycologia 22:247-255. ——————— . (1938) 1939. Lichens from British Honduras collected by E. B. Mains. Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 24:9—-15. Nowak, R. AND S. WINKLER. 1975. Foliicolous lichens of Chacé, Colombia and their substrate abundances. Lichenologist 7: 53-58. Puirr, C. C. 1921. A preliminary report, with notes, on the lichens found near the Cinlhona Botanical Station, Jamaica, British West Indies. Bryologist 24:70-74. SANTESSON, R. 1952. Foliicolous lichens I. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 12: 1-590. SéRusIAUX, E. 1975. Les lichens foliicoles: concept, classification écologique et posi- tion systématique. Naturalistes Belges (in press ). STEVENSON, J. A. 1918. A check list of Puerto Rico fungi and a host index. J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 2: 125-264. ——----— _ 1975. The fungi of Puerto Rico and the American Virgin Islands. Contrib. Reed Herb. 23:1-743. Vitzpa, A. 1966. Flechtensystematische Studien IV. Die Gattung Gyalidea Lett. Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica, Praha 1:311-340. —————— — . 1973. Foliicole Flechten aus der Republik Guinea (W. Africa) I. Cas. Slez. Mus., Ser. A, Hist. Nat. 22:67—90. ——————— _ 1974. Foliicole Flechten aus der Republik Guinea (W. Africa). II. Cas. Slez. Mus., Ser. A, Hist. Nat. 23: 173-190. Sa . 1975a. Foliicole Flechten aus der Republik Guinea (W. Africa). III. Cas. Slez. Mus., Ser. A, Hist. Nat. 24:117-126. ——--—--— _ 1975b. Foliicole Flechten aus Tanzania (Ost Africa). [in press]. 7.AHLBRUCKNER, A. 1909. Lichens (Flechten). In Ergebnisse der Botanischen Expedi- tion der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenshaften nach Siidbrasilien 1901. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.—Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 83:1-125. ——————— . 1930. New species of lichens from Porto Rico. III. Mycologia 22 :69-79.