OCT 281942
SARGENTIA
A CONTINUATION OF THE
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY
II
THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA
BY
HUI-LIN LI
WITH FOURTEEN TEXT-FIGURES
Sinn mt att .
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PUBLISHED BY
THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY
JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS., U. S. A.
1942
SARGENTIA
A CONTINUATION OF THE
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY
A publication issued at irregular intervals by the Arnold Arbore-
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SARGENTIA
A CONTINUATION OF THE
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY
II
THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA
BY
HUI-LIN LI
WITH FOURTEEN TEXT-FIGURES
PUBLISHED BY
THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY
JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS., U. S. A.
1942
SARGENTIA
A CONTINUATION OF THE
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM
oF Harvarp UNIVERSITY
No. II, pp. 1-134, with fourteen text-figures
Issued Oct. 26th, 1942
PRINTED BY THE LANCASTER Press, INC.
LANCASTER, PA.
THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA!
Hur-Lin Li
with fourteen text-figures
INTRODUCTION
This is a systematic study of the Araliaceae of China. An attempt is made to
account for every published binomial belonging to this family as recorded from
China in botanical literature from 1753 to the present date. Sources of all names
are cited and an attempt has been made to clarify the often somewhat complicated
synonymy. The work is mainly based on the extensive collection of Chinese
plants at the Arnold Arboretum, supplemented by collections from other Chinese
and American herbaria. The Araliaceae as a group is particularly difficult to
study because of constant problems in relation to the delimitation of many genera
and species. As it has been impossible for me to consult certain types preserved
in European herbaria, because of war conditions, I have been obliged, in certain
cases, to accept current interpretations, and thus certain conclusions must be
accepted as tentative.
In adopting generic limitations generally accepted by most modern authors,
seventeen genera’ are recognized as occurring in China. Among them only
Panax and some species of Aralia are herbaceous, all others being ligneous vines,
shrubs or trees. Diplopanax is a monotypic genus confined to China. Merrillio-
panax, herein described as a new genus from Yunnan, is also represented in
India. Tupidanthus occurs also in India, Tetrapanax in Formosa, Heteropanax
in tropical Asia, and Kalopanax in Japan. Trevesia, Brassaiopsis, Macropana.x,
and Acanthopanax are more or less widespread in southern Asia, while Sche flera,
Dendropanax, Pentapanax, and Aralia, as herein interpreted, are common to both
hemispheres. Panax is found in temperate regions of eastern Asia and North
America, and Hedera in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Nothopanax is chiefly
Australian, with some species occurring in China.
Besides a few doubtful ones, a total of 121 species, 32 varieties, and 3 forms
are recognized in this study. This number is about seven times that known to
Forbes and Hemsley in 1888 (13), and twice the number enumerated by Chung
in 1924 (6). The family is most highly developed in genera and in species in the
south and southwestern parts of China. The numerous botanical explorations
made in recent years in these parts of China by the Fan Memorial Institute of
Biology, the Botanical Institute of Sunyatsen University, Lingnan University,
and the University of Nanking, all in collaboration with the Arnold Arboretum
1A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in the Department of Biology, Harvard University.
2 Plerandra (Diplasandra) jatrophifolia Hance (Jour. Bot. 19: 275. 1881) was described
from a plant cultivated in the Hongkong Botanic Garden. The genus is Polynesian. As the
original habitat of this plant is unknown, this genus is not treated here. Fatsia japonica
(Thunb.) Dene. & Planch. is also found only in cultivation in China. I have seen only one
single fruiting specimen from China: Chekiang, Hangchow, Chi Pan Shan, Chekiang Univ.
LU77622, in LU.
2 SARGENTIA [2
of Harvard University, have greatly enriched our reference collections and thus
added to our knowledge of this family.
The classification of the Araliaceae has been treated by Baillon (1), Seemann
(32, 33), Bentham and Hooker (3), Harms (17), and Viguier (36). In the
present work, the systematic order of the genera follows that of Harms in Engler
and Prantl, Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien (17). Genera described since
Harms’ work was published are placed in accordance with his general arrange-
ment. In characterizing the accepted genera, the original descriptions and later
ones by other authors have been consulted, and these descriptions have been
studied in association with extensive collections of Chinese and other Old World
material. On account of the lack of sharp and well defined characters, various
authors have at times tended to subdivide larger groups, but it is felt that at least
some of those who advocate small generic segregates have lacked accessibility to
comprehensive collections of reference material. In this treatment, it has been
thought desirable to follow generic interpretations as accepted by most modern
authors ; in other words, I have adopted a conservative attitude. It is to be noted
that between closely related genera, such as Aralia and Pentapanax, Brassaiopsis
and Acanthopanax, etc., species apparently transitional in nature are often found.
In cases of doubt or those of special interest, more or less detailed discussions
are given under each species. The descriptions of the species herein presented
are based on the original diagnoses, supplementary data provided by later authors,
and an actual examination of all available specimens. The generic descriptions,
in general, have been limited to the characters presented by the Chinese species.
In connection with this study of the Chinese Araliaceae, I have found the
practice of pasting original descriptions and critical notes in the form of clippings
or typed data into the herbarium to be extremely useful. It not only saves time
in searching for references in widely scattered literature, but also enables one to
detect many bibliographical errors by checking the complete series of assembled
data regarding a given species. My study was greatly facilitated by having access
to the very large amount of published data incorporated in the Britton Her-
barium, New York Botanical Garden, and the less extensive assemblage in the
herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum. In both institutions this task of inserting
published data in the herbarium was initiated by Dr. E. D. Merrill, in 1930 and
1935 respectively. Where this work has been extensively done, the student con-
sulting the herbarium finds a great deal of his needed bibliographical data readily
available in juxtaposition with the actual herbarium specimens. For the tech-
nique of inserting published data in the herbarium, see Merrill, Jour. Arn. Arb.
18: 173-182. 1937.
In the course of this study, it is found desirable to describe some new species
and varieties and to make some new combinations; at the same time I have re-
duced to synonymy certain species proposed by various authors. One new genus
is proposed. The types of the new species and varieties, unless otherwise indi-
cated, are deposited in the Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard Uni-
versity.
It is to be noted that most of the new species are found in Yunnan, with a fair
number from Kwangsi. These subtropical regions have been intensively ex-
plored only in recent years. Most of the new species are in the genera Sche fflera
and Dendropanax, both of which are mainly tropical in distribution. Species of
the large and more temperate genera Acanthopanax and Aralia have been col-
lected more frequently and are fairly well known. The mountainous south-
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA a
western parts of China still furnish a wealth of botanical material, with numerous
novelties in all major groups of plants. As the floras of the adjacent regions,
such as Siam, Burma, and Indo-China are, as yet, imperfectly known, a closer
coordination of our knowledge of the elements of these closely related floras is
highly desirable for a better understanding of the relationships and geographic
distribution of the species occurring within the contiguous areas.
HISTORICAL NOTE
Three genera of the family Araliaceae were recognized by Linnaeus in 1753
(24). They were placed separately, Aralia in Pentandria-Pentagynia, Hedera
in Pentandria-Monogynia, and Panax in Polygamia-Dioecia, in the Linnaean
system. Ventenat in 1799 (35) first established the Araliaceae as a family,
followed by Jussieu in 1816 (22) and D. Don in 1825 (9). DeCandolle (4)
monographed the family in 1830, and later Endlicher (12) treated it in 1840 and
Decaisne and Planchon (8) in 1854 respectively. From 1864 to 1868, Seemann
(32, 33) revised the whole group by recognizing two ‘orders,’ the Hederaceae,
those with flowers having valvate petals, and the Araliaceae, those with flowers
having imbricate petals. Later treatments on the classification of the family were
by Baillon (1) in 1880, Harms (17) in 1894, and Viguier (36) in 1906. No
monographic study of the entire family has been made in recent years.
The first species described from China were Aralia chinensis Linn. and Zan-
thoxylum trifoliatum Linn. (the basis of Acanthopanax trifoliatus (Linn.)
Merr.) published in 1753 (24). Other authors, such as Loureiro (25), Cham-
pion (5), Hance (15), Bentham (2), Seemann (32), and others, and later on
Franchet (14), Harms (17, 18, 19, 20, 21), and others described many species
of Chinese Araliaceae. In 1888, Forbes and Hemsley (13), in their enumera-
tion of Chinese plants, recorded nine genera and twenty-two species of Araliaceae,
including one species of the genus Helwingia, which is now placed in the family
Cornaceae. Since that time a number of new genera and species have been added
to the Chinese list as a result of successive botanical explorations in the more
remote provinces. In 1924, Chung (6), in his catalogue of Chinese woody
plants, listed fourteen genera, seventy-two species, and seven varieties of aralia-
ceous plants. This number has since been increased considerably. Among the
more recent authors who have contributed most to our knowledge of the Chinese
Araliaceae are Handel-Mazzetti (16), Harms (17, 18, 19, 20, 21), W. W. Smith
(34), Rehder (21), Merrill (26, 27, 28), and Chun (28).
GENERAL AND DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS
The Araliaceae are for the most part woody plants, Panax and some species
of Aralia being herbaceous. The ligneous representatives vary from low shrubs
to tall trees or vines, sometimes climbing by means of aerial roots. Some of
them are epiphytic or pseudoepiphytic. The herbaceous species are perennial,
with fleshy rootstocks. Some of the herbaceous species of Aralia have suffru-
tescent stems.
Many of the plants are prickly. The length, shape, abundance, and distribu-
tion of these prickles are important diagnostic characters. In addition to prickles,
the plants may be covered with indumentum ranging from bristles or setose hairs
to a well defined tomentum. The hairs may be simple, scaly, furfuraceous, or
4 SARGENTIA [2
more commonly stellate, and in color the indumentum varies from white to brown,
ferruginous or red.
The leaves are alternately arranged and are sometimes more or less clustered at
the ends of the branchlets. They may be simple and entire or palmately lobed,
or digitately or pinnately compound or decompound. There are considerable
variations in the size, shape, indumentum, serration, etc., and all are important
diagnostic characters for delimiting genera as well as species. The number,
prominence, and arrangement of the nerves are useful as specific characters in
many cases. Some of the species of Dendropanax have characteristic trans-
lucent glands in the leaves, which vary in size, color, and distribution. The
petioles are generally long and slightly enlarged and thickened at the base. The
stipules are either adnate to and scarcely distinguishable from the base of the
petiole or prominent, intrapetiolar, and united. They are occasionally absent.
The inflorescence is very important in the classification of the genera as well as
species. It may be terminal at the end of long or short branches or axillary.
The flowers of most species are arranged in umbels, occasionally in racemes.
The umbels or racemes may again be organized into compound umbels or panicles.
Some species have sessile flowers compactly arranged in globose heads. The
inflorescence is frequently covered with indumentum. The number of flowers in
the umbels, the length of the peduncles, the shape and size of the bracts and
bracteoles, and the length of the pedicels are useful in differentiating some of the
species and varieties. The presence or absence of articulations on the pedicels
just below the flowers is an important generic character.
The flowers are regular, commonly very small, and perfect, polygamous, or
dioecious. They are mostly 5-merous, but 4-merous and other variations are
found. In Tupidanthus, the number of certain floral parts is indefinite. The
calyx is superior, enclosing the ovary. It is usually short, infundibular or cup-
shaped, and glabrous or hairy. The margin may be entire or distinctly or indis-
tinctly dentate. The petals are inserted at the edge of the epigynous disk. They
may be valvate or imbricate in the bud, a character that separates the two tribes
of the family that are found in China. They are either free or they may cohere
at their tips, thus at times being almost calyptrate and falling together. The
petal-bases are generally broad, while their tips may be slightly thickened and
incurved.
The stamens are generally of the same number as the petals and inserted alter-
nately with them, rarely twice as many as the petals or indefinite in number. The
filaments are distinct, short, as long as or sometimes slightly longer than the
petals. The anthers are oblong or ovate, introrse, versatile, and consist of 2
locules dehiscing longitudinally.
The ovary is inferior, with one or more cells. The ovules are solitary in each
cell, anatropous, and pendulous from the apex. The ovary is crowned by an
epigynous disk or stylopodium which is either flattened or hemispherical and
confluent with the styles. The styles correspond in number to the cells of the
ovary and are distinct or more or less cohering into a column or short cone, rarely
absent. The stigmas are simple, insignificant or slightly capitate.
The fruit is a berry or drupe mostly small in size, usually longitudinally ridged
and sulcate. The shape, size, number of cells, and other characters are of diag-
nostic importance. The fruit is frequently crowned by the persistent styles or
style-column and by the calyx-teeth. The exocarp is usually fleshy. The endo-
carp is sometimes hardly distinct from the exocarp or forms distinctly carti-
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 5
laginous or membranaceous pyrenes. The seeds are solitary in the pyrenes, in-
verted, usually laterally compressed, with a minute straight embryo and a fleshy,
copious endosperm. The endosperm may be uniform or ruminated, a character
of generic value.
SYSTEMATIC POSITION AND SUBDIVISIONS
The family Araliaceae is one of the three of the order Umbelliflorae (Umbel-
lales), which is generally regarded as the most highly specialized group of the
Archichlamydeae. This order is characterized by the commonly umbellate in-
florescences and the usually small, epigynous flowers, with generally constant
numbers of floral parts. The other two families are Umbelliferae and Cornaceae,
the latter sometimes split into more than one family. The Araliaceae and
Umbelliferae are considered as phylogenetically closely related, while the Corna-
ceae is not very closely allied to the other two. The Araliaceae differs from the
Umbelliferae in that its habit is prevailing woody, the carpels 1-5 or sometimes
more, and the fruit a drupe or berry; in the Umbelliferae the plants are all
herbaceous, the carpels invariably two in number, and the fruit is a schizocarp.
The Chinese genera of Araliaceae can be arranged in two very clearly distinct
tribes, the Schefflereae and the Aralieae. The former has the petals valvate in
the bud, and the latter has imbricate petals. A third tribe, the Mackinlayeae, has
no representative in China.
RELATIONSHIPS OF THE CHINESE GENERA
Tupidanthus is unique in the Araliaceae and seems to be only remotely related
to the other genera. Its primitiveness, however, as indicated by the numerous
stamens, ovary-cells, and styles, is unquestionable. By reduction in the number
of its floral parts, its ancestral form may have evolved toward such a genus as
Plerandra, an Indo-Polynesian genus, and thence on to other genera of higher
positions.
Among the other genera, Trevesia is one of those of a more primitive nature,
but in its 7-12-merous flowers it is distinctly more advanced than Tupidanthus.
Nevertheless, it is still more primitive than the other genera in its more numerous
petals, stamens, and ovary-cells. Reduction in the number of floral parts is a
definite and clearcut sequence of evolution in this family.
Tetrapanax may be the result of further reduction from Trevesia. All of the
three genera mentioned, Tupidanthus, Trevesia, and Tetrapanax, have a uniform
endosperm, digitately lobed or palmately compound leaves, inarticulate pedicels,
and entirely umbellate flowers.
Schefflera may represent a center of development culminating at this level.
This large genus has closely related species, but variations within the genus are
already manifest in the several directions that eventually lead to the development
of other genera. The number of petals, stamens, and ovary-cells in the Chinese
species varies from 5 to 7. The flowers, although mostly in umbels, are some-
times capitate or racemose ; where the flowers are umbellate the umbels are often
arranged in racemes. The leaves are prevailingly digitately compound in the
Chinese species, but in certain extra-Chinese species they may be simple. The
endosperm is mostly uniform, but in a few cases slight ruminations are present.
Those species of Schefflera with capitate flowers and ruminate endosperm
point to the development of such a genus as Oreopanax. Those with ruminate
6 SARGENTIA [2
endosperm, by further reduction especially in the number of ovary-cells, may lead
to the development of such a genus as Brassaiopsis, a group which is also appar-
ently related to certain species of Acanthopanax. There may also be relation-
ships between some species of Brassaiopsis and Tetrapanax and other genera
with palmately lobed leaves.
On the other hand, Dendropanax, also apparently close to Schefflera, may have
been evolved from the latter by a reduction of its vegetative parts, as it always
has strictly simple leaves. Hedera is apparently derived from Dendropanax, but
is more specialized in its climbing habit, often dimorphous leaves, and ruminate
endosperm. The true alliances of Diplopanay are somewhat doubtful, as its
single-celled ovaries, spicate inflorescences, and unique fruits are all outstanding
and indicate little relationship to the other genera discussed. It is apparently
closer to Dendropanax or perhaps Schefflera than any of the other genera.
Acanthopanax is another large group that may have been a center from which
other genera have been derived. It represents a higher level than Schefflera, as
evidenced by its smaller number of floral parts and the slight articulation of the
pedicels in certain species. The genus is heterogeneous and may ultimately
require certain segregations.
Some species of Acanthopanax are apparently related to Brassaiopsis, parti-
cularly those species with a reduced number of ovary-cells. The articulation of
the pedicels is further developed in Nothopanax and Macropanax, the latter being
further specialized by its ruminate endosperm. Merrilliopanax may represent
another line of specialization from Acanthopanax, particularly in the direction of
Nothopanax. Kalopanax, which has been included in Acanthopanax by some
authors, is unquestionably closely related to the latter. It 1s, however, possibly
equally close to Brassaiopsis, for some species of Brassaiopsis may have been
Panax
ff
y \
Macropanax / Aralia
. 9 Z Ne
Nothopanax \. /
rq ™ / Pentapanax
| | se /
i athe 9 57 .
Merrilliopanax < Acanthopanax : cla t.
Hedera |
Pe. (Oreopanax ) Kalopanax l
|
Dendropanax |
/ ate Brassaiopsis |
/ bak ra T |
|
Diplopanaxe - - -— == Schefflera | |
T Tetrapanax |
|
Trevesia |
/ |
( Plerandra )
Tupidanthus
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 7
derived from Acanthopanax through Kalopanax, while other species may have
been derived from Sche fflera.
The different genera so far discussed are all members of the tribe Schefflereae,
characterized by having valvate petals. They bear either simple or palmately
lobed or digitately compound leaves. Heteropanax, however, differs from all
others in having pinnately compound or decompound leaves. In floral char-
acters, it is close to Brassaiopsis and Macropanax. It may represent a highly
specialized line derived out of some genera with pinnately lobed leaves, that are
not at present represented in China.
The tribe Aralieae has imbricate petals and evidently represents a higher devel-
opment than the tribe Schefflereae, as evidenced by the herbaceous habit in some
of the species. Pentapanax is even more primitive than Aralia, as may be judged
by its prevailingly woody habit and generally more numerous ovary-cells. Pana+
is entirely herbaceous and represents a more specialized development. Its digi-
tately compound leaves, however, indicate little relationship with the other two
genera with pinnately compound leaves and it may even be remotely connected
with Acanthopanax or other genera of the tribe Schefflereae.
A schematic representation of the relationships of the Chinese genera is pre-
sented on p. 6 to summarize the above discussion. The extra-Chinese genera
mentioned are indicated by their names being in parentheses. Solid lines indi-
cate more definite relationships, while broken lines indicate doubtful ones. Ar-
rows are used to show probable directions of evolution.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
The family Araliaceae is mainly tropical, with very few of its genera extending
to the north. In China the maximum development is in the southwest, with the
province Yunnan yielding over half of all the known Chinese species. It is well
represented in all the southern provinces, with 30° N. as the northern boundary
of most of its genera. Among the seventeen genera known to occur in China,
only five, Acanthopanax, Kalopanax, Aralia, Hedera, and Panax, have species
that extend to the Yellow River Valley or occasionally even as far north as
Manchuria. The distribution of the different genera may be summarized briefly
as follows:
1. Tupidanthus. This monotypic genus is found in India and Burma. In
China it is known from Yunnan only.
2. Trevesia. The one species and variety of this genus found in southwestern
China occur in the provinces Yunnan and Kweichow. This genus is widespread
in tropical Asia.
3. Tetrapanax. A single species of this genus occurs in southern and western
China, in the provinces Hunan, Szechuan, Yunnan, Kweichow, Kwangsi, and
Kwangtung. It has also been recorded by other authors from Anhwei and
Hupeh. Outside of China it occurs in Formosa only.
4. Scheffilera. This large genus is common to the warmer parts of both hemi-
spheres. Twenty-eight species and two varieties are recorded in the present
study. Yunnan is the chief center of occurrence in China, with twenty-two
species. From five to seven species are found in each of the provinces Kweichow,
Kwangsi, and Kwangtung, and one to three in Chekiang, Fukien, Hainan,
Kiangsi, Szechuan, and Sikang.
5. Diplopanax. This recently established monotypic genus is endemic in
Kwangsi.
8 SARGENTIA [2
6. Dendropanax. This genus is common to the tropical regions of Asia and
America, a few species extending beyond the tropics. It is essentially tropical
and southern in China. Of the thirteen species and one variety found in China,
eleven are recorded from Kwangsi, nine from Kwangtung, three from Hainan,
and three from Kweichow. One or two are found in each of the following
provinces: Fukien, Yunnan, Szechuan, Hunan, Kiangsi, Anhwei, and Chekiang.
In China this genus extends to about 30° N., but it occurs north of this in Korea
and Japan.
7. Hedera. This genus is found in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. The one
variety found in China is fairly widespread. It is found mainly in western
China from Kansu and Shensi in the north to Yunnan in the south and along the
Yangtze Valley in central and eastern China.
8. Brassaiopsis. This is a tropical genus which extends from India to Malaysia.
In China it is entirely confined to the southwestern part of the country. Of the
thirteen species, almost all are found in Yunnan, while a few extend to the
neighboring provinces, such as Szechuan, Kweichow, Kwangsi, and Hainan.
9, Macropanax., The two species of Macropanax are mainly characteristic of
India. In China they are found in Yunnan and Hainan only.
10. Merrilliopanax. This new genus contains two species. One of them is
common to northeastern India and Yunnan. The other is known from a single
Yunnan collection.
11. Nothopanax. This genus is chiefly Australian.. The three Chinese species
are localized in the southwest, mainly in Yunnan, but the group is also repre-
sented in Hupeh, Szechuan, Sikang, and Kweichow.
12. Acanthopanax. ‘This large eastern Asiatic and Himalayan genus is distinctly
temperate in distribution and is well represented in all parts of China. It is
found in all provinces from Manchuria south to Hainan Island, with the maxi-
mum development along the Yangtze Valley. Twenty-two species, twelve varie-
ties, and three forms are recorded in this study. These are more or less evenly
distributed throughout the different provinces. Ten or more are found in both
Yunnan and Szechuan (including Sikang). About five species and varieties are
found in each of the following provinces: Shensi, Kansu, Hopei, Chekiang,
Anhwei, Kiangsi, Kwangsi, Kwangtung, and Kweichow. The other provinces
have from one to three each.
13. Kalopanax. The single species (with two varieties) of this genus is wide-
spread in China. Records are found in all provinces from Manchuria to Kwang-
tung except Hainan and Kwangsi in the south and Kansu and Shensi in the
north. It also occurs in Japan.
14. Heteropanax. The three species and two varieties so far known in this
genus are found in the southern provinces, Kiangsi, Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kwang-
tung, and Hainan. The genus is southern Asiatic in distribution.
15. Pentapanax. ‘This genus occurs in southern Asia, Australia, and in tropical
America. Seven species and one or two varieties are known in China. They
are all confined to Yunnan except one or two from Szechuan, Sikang, and Anhwei.
16. Aralia. This large genus is characteristic of the temperate and tropical
regions of Asia and America. Twenty species and two varieties are known in
China. The genus is widely distributed all over China from Manchuria to
Hainan. The species are especially well dispersed in the provinces along the
Yangtze River and south to it. The maximum development is in Yunnan,
Kwangtung, and Kwangsi.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 9
17. Panax. This genus is found in the temperate regions of eastern Asia and
North America. Of the two species known in China, one is probably confined
to Manchuria, while the other, with its several varieties, is found mainly in
southern, western, and central China.
ECONOMIC USES
The family Araliaceae yields a number of important drug plants. The ginseng,
Panax schin-seng Nees, is a very famous Chinese tonic. The root bark of
Acanthopanax gracilistylus W. W. Smith, its varieties, and possibly some of the
related species, known as wu-chia-pi, is used in making a well known medicinal
wine. The root of Aralia cordata Thunb., and the stems, leaves, and fruits of
Hedera nepalensis var. chinensis Rehder are also used in Chinese medicine. The
pith of Tetrapanax papyriferus Koch produces the rice paper, tung-tsao, which is
used in medicine and is very extensively employed in making artificial flowers
and for other purposes of decoration.
A number of timber trees are found in this family. Kalopanay pictus
(Thunb.) Nakai is an important timber tree in China. It is widely scattered
and common throughout most parts of China. A few species, such as Schefflera
octophylla Harms, produce lumber that is used for making furniture and for
other purposes. Many shrubs, particularly those of the genera Acanthopanax,
Nothopanax, and Aralia, are valued as ornamentals.
NOMENCLATURE AND CITATIONS
In this treatment, Panax and all Panax compounds are treated as masculine, as
this is provided for specifically in the last edition of the International Rules of
Botanical Nomenclature. Panax classically is masculine, but Linnaeus (24)
used it as neuter. Most botanists did the same until Franchet in 1886 and
Harms in 1894 (17) consistently used the masculine form for Panax and all
the Panax compounds; this latter usage is correct and should be universally
adopted.
The citations of specimens at the end of the descriptions are given in chrono-
logical order. The dates of the specimens cited are omitted to conserve space.
Series numbered by institutions are cited after the collector whenever the collector
is indicated on the labels. Geographic subdivisions are based on provinces, with
Hainan separated from Kwangtung. They are generally given in the following
order: Kansu, Shensi, Shansi, Honan, Hopei, Jehol, Manchuria, Shangtung,
Kiangsu, Chekiang, Anhwei, Kiangsi, Hunan, Hupeh, Szechuan, Sikang, Tibet,
Yunnan, Kweichow, Kwangsi, Kwangtung, Hainan, and Fukien, beginning from
the northwest along the Yellow River, extending to the east and then along the
Yangtze River to the west and finally along the Pearl River, ending in the south-
east. In this sequence phytogeographically related provinces are generally held
together. Precise localities are given according to what data are available in the
field notes. However, no attempt is made to standardize the local place names,
as Chinese characters are mostly not available. Sikang, recently established as a
province, was formed from the special District of Sikang and parts of western
Szechuan. In many instances it has been considered expedient to enumerate
plants from Sikang and Szechuan together, as from the place names originally
given in the field notes it is often difficult or impossible to make out their exact
locations according to the new provincial boundaries. Some doubt may thus be
10 SARGENTIA [2
found in places quoted as southeastern Tibet, western Szechuan, and northern
Yunnan.
Abbreviations used in designating the herbaria in which cited specimens are
deposited are as follows:
AA Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University.
CCC Canton Christian College = Lingnan University.
G Gray Herbarium of Harvard University.
LU Lingnan University.
NY — Britton Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden.
UN University of Nanking.
W United States National Herbarium.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was prosecuted under the direction and supervision of Prof. E. D.
Merrill, to whom I wish to express my sincere gratitude for guidance and en-
couragement, and whose financial assistance has enabled me to complete the task.
Grateful acknowledgment is due to the Associated Boards for Christian Colleges
in China for financial assistance rendered to me in the form of scholarships. To
Prof. A. Rehder, Dr. A. C. Smith, Dr. F. P. Metcalf, Dr. L. M. Perry, and Dr.
L. Croizat I am obliged for their many practical suggestions and criticisms during
the course of this study. To other members of the Arnold Arboretum staff, who
have directly or indirectly facilitated this work, I wish to extend my thanks.
Lastly I am indebted to the curators of the several herbaria listed above, who
courteously loaned material for this study. Particular thanks are due to Dr.
H. A. Gleason, Curator of the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden,
for his generosity in loaning not only all the eastern Asiatic herbarium specimens
of Araliaceae, but at the same time permitting me to borrow all the specimen
covers with the majority of published items appertaining to the Asiatic species
of the family actually in place in the herbarium.
ARALIACEAE
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the margin undulate or denticulate. Petals
5-10, valvate or imbricate, usually free, sometimes connate or calyptrate. Sta-
mens usually as many as the petals and alternate with them, or twice as many as
the petals, or indefinite, inserted with the petals at the edge of the disk, the fila-
ments filiform or ligulate, the anthers oblong or ovate, versatile, introrse, the
locules 2, longitudinally dehiscent. Disk epigynous, fleshy, shortly conical or
annular. Ovary inferior, 1—15-celled, the styles as many as the locules, some-
times distinct, usually partly or wholly connate into a column or short cone, the
stigmas terminal, the styles occasionally suppressed, the stigmas sessile on the
tip of the ovary. Ovules solitary, pendulous from the apex of each cell, ana-
tropous. Fruit baccate or drupaceous, the ¢xocarp usually fleshy, the endocarp
forming distinct cartilaginous or membranaceous pyrenes or hardly distinct from
the exocarp. Seeds solitary in pyrenes, usually laterally compressed, endospermic,
with small embryo, the endosperm uniform or ruminated.
Perennial herbs or shrubs or trees, often prickly, sometimes scandent. Leaves
alternate, petiolate, simple or pinnately compound or decompound or digitately
compound. Stipules adnate to the petioles, often connate into a sheath, some-
times hardly distinct or wanting. Flowers regular, mostly small, hermaphrodite,
polygamous, or dioecious, usually in umbels or heads, rarely racemose or spicate,
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 11
the umbels or heads solitary, racemose, corymbose, paniculate, or umbellate.
Bracts subtending the branches of inflorescence small, deciduous or persistent.
Bracteoles at the base of the pedicels small, usually inconspicuous. Pedicels con-
tinuous with calyx or articulate under the flower.
About 60 genera and more than 800 species in the tropical and temperate re-
gions of both hemispheres. Seventeen genera and about 120 species are found
in China.
Key To THE CHINESE GENERA
A. Petals valvate in the bud. (Tribe I. Schefflereae Harms.)
B. Stamens very numerous, often 50-70, ovary-cells indefinite ........... 1. Tupidanthus.
BB. Stamens 10 or fewer, ovary-cells definite, 1-12.
C. Ovary 4-12-celled.
D. Leaves simple or pinnately lobed.
E. Ovary 7-12-celled; petals and stamens 7-12; styles united into a short column;
leaves apinnately 5—9-lobed ..... 5.6.4: sss see as cece tee ann ot oid 2. Trevesia.
EE. Ovary 5-celled; petals and stamens 5-12; styles more or less distinct; leaves
generally simple, sometimes palmately 2-3-lobed.
F. Erect shrubs; leaves often with characteristic transluscent glands; endosperm
‘ihhito) 90 i oe rPnMREREE A NA ee 6. Dendropanax.
FF. Woody vines climbing by means of aerial roots; leaves without glands; endo-
Seren -Titminate . .:
stamens.10: leavesssimples as sigi.c. <'a56s ste ee > 5. Diplopanax.
DD. Ovary 2-3-celled; stamens mostly 4-5; leaves simple or compound.
E. Leaves simple or palmately lobed or digitately compound.
F’, Leaves simple or palmately lobed.
G. Armed or unarmed trees, rarely shrubs; styles united into a column.
H. Armed trees; flowers perfect; endosperm uniform ........ 13. Kalopanax.
HH. Armed or unarmed trees or shrubs; flowers mostly polygamous; endo-
sperm: uniform: or fuminate ascent] ee 2. sas sis lc 8. Brassaiopsis.
GG. Unarmed shrubs; styles distinct or slightly connate at the base.
H. Leaves palmately 7—IZ-lobed) 2 sapere et ee es ce) 00 Cbrapanae.
HH. Leaves not lobed, or, if so, the lobes 2-5 only.
I. Simple and lobed and digitately 3-5-foliolate leaves often present on the
same plant; pedicels distinctly articulate; fruits mostly flattened.
11. Nothopanax.
IT, Leaves not lobed or only shallowly 3-lobed; pedicels inarticulate; fruits
subglobose | .. << cemraseee eee eater et aks ierece oe ek eee 10. Merrilliopanax.
FF, Leaves digitately compound.
G. Unarmed shrubs; pedicels distinctly articulate under the flower.
H. Styles distinct or connate at base; fruit often flattened; endosperm uni-
110 901 MP I ee, trodden Sei ban Ear tae PEO oe 11. Nothopanax. ,
HH. Styles united into a column; fruit ovoid, ribbed; endosperm ruminate.
9. Macropanax.
GG. Prickly or rarely unarmed shrubs; pedicels inarticulate or only very ob-
scurely jointed.
H. Umbels in large compound panicles; flowers mostly polygamous; styles
united into a column; endosperm uniform or ruminate ...8. Brassaiopsis.
HH. Umbels solitary or few together or forming large terminal panicles;
flowers perfect or polygamous; styles distinct or, connate at the base
only ; ‘endosperm “unitormieewaseeetee os). ss 12. Acanthopanax.
EE. Leaves pinnately compound or decompound ................. 14. Heteropanax.
12 SARGENTIA [2
AA. Petals imbricate in the bud. (Tribe II. Aralieae Harms.)
B, Herbaceous or woody plants; leaves pinnately compound or decompound; styles 2-5.
C. Herbs, shrubs, or small trees; leaves 1-3-pinnate; flowers umbellate ; ovary 2-5-celled,
eer NUON a IE ios u'ba Svs'e Vd bod his coe ade see Deeds cone 16. Aralia.
CC. Trees or large scandent shrubs; leaves 1-pinnate; flowers racemose or umbellate;
ovary 5-, sometimes 7-8-celled, the styles 5, more or less united ....15. Pentapanax.
BB, Herbs; leaves digitately compound; ovary 2-, sometimes 3-celled, the styles 2 or 3,
MME yo fow pd oi sah rw i iwecesy (400k) dab oRETEA Ceo: ee 17. Panax.
I. Tuprmantuus Hooker f. & Thomson
Tupidanthus Hooker f. & Thomson, Bot. Mag. 82: t. 4908. 1856.
A glabrous shrub, at first erect, afterwards a lofty climber. Leaves large, digi-
tately compound, the leaflets glabrous, entire, coriaceous, petiolulate, the stipules
connate within the petioles. Flowers large, umbellate, the umbels few-flowered,
arranged in a compound umbel or small panicle, the pedicels thick, not articulate
under the flower. Calyx margin obsolete. Petals closely connate into a calyptra,
early deciduous. Stamens very many, in two or more series, the anthers oval-
oblong. Ovary many-celled. Fruit drupaceous, globose, depressed, leathery-
fleshy ; seeds numerous; endosperm uniform.
One species in tropical Asia, extending from India to southwestern China and
Indo-China.
1. Tupidanthus calyptratus Hook. f. & Th. Bot. Mag. 82: t. 4908. 1856; Seem. Jour. Bot.
2: 240. 1864, Revis. Heder. 6. 1868; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 740.
1879; Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 476. 1900; Lévl. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915;
Viguier in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 1170. f. 139. no. 1, 2, 3. 1923; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 185, 1924.
A scandent woody plant, 15-30 m. tall, with 7-9-foliolate leaves, the leaflets
obovate or oblong-lanceolate, entire, the flowers in umbels of 3—7 flowers each,
forming a small panicle or compound umbel with very stout pedicels. Leaves
petiolate, stipulate; petioles terete, glabrous, 12-35 cm. long; stipules connate
within the petiole, forming a short sheath; leaflets coriaceous, petiolulate, 12—20
cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, glabrous on both surfaces, the apex shortly acuminate,
the base attenuate, the margins entire, the lateral nerves 20-30 or more on both
sides, oblique, distinct on both surfaces; petiolules 3-5 cm. long. Inflorescence
terminal, the flowers arranged in umbels forming a small panicle or an irregu-
larly branched compound umbel, the main umbel about 3-branched, the branches
6-8 cm. long, very stout, with large, ovate, coriaceous bracts at the base, 1.5 cm.
long, the umbels 3-7-flowered, the pedicels stout, glabrous, 2-3 cm. long, the
flowers 1.5-3 cm. across. Calyx-tube coriaceous, glabrous, indistinctly dentate.
Petals forming a calyptra, early deciduous. Stamens very numerous, about 50-
70, crowded, the filaments thick, 3 mm. long. Ovary many-celled, the stigmas
very many, sessile, radiating, fusing to form a connate longitudinal or sometimes
3-rayed stylar tract along the disk, its branches usually appearing cleft at the
ends. Disk broad, flat, obscurely lobed, depressed in the center. Fruit globose,
depressed, 2.5-3.5 cm. across.
Yunnan: Szemao, Henry 12298 (AA, NY), 12298A (W), and 12298B (NY) ; between
Ban Man To and Szemao, J. F. Rock 2757 (AA, W); Tsang Yuan, C. W. Wang 73240
(AA) ; Fo-hai Hsien, C. W. Wang 73932 (AA); Nan Chiao, C. W. Wang 75228 (AA);
Fo-hai Hsien, Meng-ban, Shan-shien, C. W. Wang 76202 (AA).
ApbpITIONAL DistrisuTION: India, Burma, and Indo-China.
Il. Trevesta Visiani
Trevesia Vis. in Giorn. Tosc. Sci. Med. Fis. Nat. 1: 72. 1840, Mem. Accad. Torin II. 4:
262. 1842.
Shrubs or small trees, prickly or unarmed, glabrous or stellate-tomentose.
Leaves large, palmately lobed or digitately compound, the leaflets long-petiolulate
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 13
with free blades, the petiolules often united within a foliaceous expansion at the
apex of the petiole, the stipules connate within the petiole bases or obsolete.
Flowers in umbels, the umbels paniculate, the bracts small, persistent or deciduous,
the pedicels not articulate under the flower. Petals 7-12, valvate, thickish, often
united to form an early deciduous calyptra. Stamens as many as the petals, the
anthers oval. Ovary 7—12-celled, the styles united into a short column. Fruit
ovoid ; seeds compressed ; endosperm uniform.
Two species extending from Eastern India to Malaya and Polynesia.
Type species: Trevesia palmata (Roxb.) Vis. (Gastonia palmata Roxb.).
1. Trevesia palmata (Roxb.) Vis. Mem. Accad. Torin II. 4: 262. 1842; Seem. Jour. Bot. 5:
286. 1867, Revis. Heder. 77. 1868; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 732. 1879;
Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 502. 1911; Diels, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 7: 78. 1912;
Viguier in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 1180. f. 140. 1923; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 185. 1924; W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 11, 397. 1929-30; Rehder,
Jour. Arn. Arb. 15: 113. 1934; Chun, Sunyatsenia 4: 247. 1940.
Gastonia palmata Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 33, nomen nudum. 1814, Fl. Ind. 2: 407. 1824;
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 11: ¢. 894. 1825.
Gilibertia palmata DC. Prodr. 4: 256. 1830.
Fatsia Cavalerieri Lévl. Bull. Acad. Géogr. Bot. 24: 144. 1914, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 34. 1914.
A slender tree, 3-5 m. tall, with large, deeply palmately 5—9-lobed leaves, the
lobes serrate or again lobed, the flowers in umbels forming large panicles.
Branches prickly and tomentose. Leaves large, petiolate, stipulate, about 30-45
cm. across, coriaceous, glabrous or with scattered stellate hairs on both surfaces,
in young plants often digitately compound, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, serrate
or again lobed, the lateral nerves distinct on both surfaces, the tertiary nerves
obscure above, the petiolules when present with an entire wing; petioles often
prickly, 30-45 cm. long; stipules united into a 2-lobed sheath within the petioles.
Inflorescence in panicles, 45 cm. long, ferruginous-tomentose when young, the
lower branches compound, the bracts oblong, obtuse, 2.5 cm. long, caducous;
flowers in many-flowered umbels 4.5 cm. across, the peduncles 4-9 cm. long, the
pedicels 1.5-2 cm. long. Calyx ferruginous-tomentose, 4 mm. long, the margin
inconspicuously 10-dentate. Petals 6-10, 5 mm. long, slightly tomentose out-
side. Stamens 6-10, the filaments 5 mm. long. Ovary 8-10-celled, the disk
flattened, the styles coalescing into a grooved cone, the stigmas bluntly toothed.
Fruit subglobose, 1 cm. across, glabrate, the ribs not prominent, the style-cone
persistent, stout, 4 mm. long.
YUNNAN: Szemao, Henry 11757 (AA, NY, W); between Muang Pan and Muang Hun,
J. F. Rock 2395 (AA, W), 2398 (AA, W) ; between Muang Hun and Muang Hai, J. F. Rock
2402 (AA, W); between Hsinfu and Kuan-ni, J. F. Rock 2949 (AA, W); Fo Hai, C. W.
Wang 74910 (AA); Lan-tsung Hsien, C. W. Wang 76594 (AA), 76744 (AA); Shunning,
Lomawe, T. T. Yii 15899 (AA).
Kweicuow: Houa-kiang, J. Cavalerie 2144 (holotype of Fatsia Cavaleriei Lévl., photo.
and merotype, AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India.
The leaves are variable in size and shape. C. B. Clarke (in Hook. f. FI. Brit.
Ind. 2: 732. 1879) distinguishes the form with palmate leaves and entire-winged
petiolules as var. cheirantha, which is also recorded from China by Hemsley
(Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 476. 1899). Rock 2402 and Wang 76594 are inter-
mediate in the general shape of the leaves between the variety, represented by
such specimens as Henry 11757 and Wang 76744, and the typical form. Thus
the status of Clarke’s trinomial is questionable and his variety is not accepted as
appertaining to Chinese forms. The material from Kweichow has the leaves
generally smaller, more coriaceous, and with margins more lobulate than those
of the specimens from other regions.
14 SARGENTIA 2
la. Trevesia palmata var. costata var. nov.
A typo praecipue fructu valde 10-costato differt.
A low shrub. Leaves large, long-petiolate, stipulate, to 60 cm. across, pal-
mately 7—9-lobed, coriaceous, glabrous or scattered-stellate-tomentose on both
surfaces, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, acute, serrate, the lateral nerves distinct on
both surfaces, the tertiary nerves obscure above; petioles 60 cm. or more long,
terete, grooved, with occasional scattered prickles; stipules united into a 2-lobed
sheath within the petiole. Inflorescence and flower unknown. Fruit subglobose,
glabrate, 5 cm. across, prominently 10-ribbed, 10-seeded, the seeds laterally com-
pressed, the style persistent, stout, 2 mm. long.
Yunnan: Lan-tsang Hsien, C. W. Wang 76520 (AA); Fo Hai, C. W. Wang 76004A
(typE, AA); Che-li Hsien, Dah-meng-lung, C. W. Wang 77895 (AA).
Differs from the typical form primarily in the prominently ribbed fruit. With
better material it may prove to be worthy of specific rank.
III. TerrapaAnax K. Koch
Tetrapanax K. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. Pflanzenk. 2: 371. 1859.
Unarmed, stoloniferous shrubs. Leaves large, long-petiolate, palmately lobed,
the lobes acute, serrate, stellate-ferruginous-tomentose beneath, the stipules 2,
awl-shaped, prominent. Flowers in umbels, the umbels in large terminal pani-
cles, the pedicels not articulated under the flowers. Calyx-margin obsolete.
Petals 4-5, ovate, acute, valvate. Stamens 4-5, the filaments elongate, the anthers
elliptic-ovate. Styles 2, erect, recurved at their tips. Ovary 2-celled, the cells
l-ovulate. Fruit baccate, drupaceous.
One species in southern China and Formosa.
1. Tetrapanax papyriferus (Hook.) K. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. Pflanzenk. 2: 371. 1859:
Seem. Jour. Bot. 6: 58. 1868, Revis. Heder. 88. 1868; Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29:
486. 1900; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924: Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 690.
1933; Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 15: 113. 1934; Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 13. 1934.
Aralia papyrifera Hook. Jour. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 53. t. 1, 2, 1852: Curtis Bot. Mag.
82: t. 4897. 1856.
Fatsia papyrifera Benth. & Hook. f. ex Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 341.
1888; Lévl. Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 34. 1914, Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915; Courtois, Notes
Bot. Chine Mus. Heude 2: 55. 1933.
Aralia Mairei Lévl. Rep. Spec. Nov. 13: 342. 1914, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 34. 1914, Cat. PI.
Yun-Nan 11. 1915.
A shrub 1-2 m. tall, with large, palmately 7-12-lobed leaves and large, terminal,
compound, densely tomentose panicles of umbels. Leaves long-petioled, stipulate,
to 50 cm. or more across, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous above, densely
stellate-ferruginous-tomentose beneath, the lobes 7-12, free to the lower 14 the
length of the blade, ovate-oblong, the apex acuminate, the margins entire to
coarsely toothed, the lateral nerves oblique, distinct on both surfaces, the tertiary
nerves slightly impressed above; stipules 2, awl-shaped, acuminate, prominent,
united at base within the petioles; petioles long, terete, glabrous, to 50 cm. or
more long. Inflorescence a large terminal compound panicle, to 50 cm. long,
densely tomentose, the branches ascending, 20 cm. long, the bracts elongate,
acuminate, 2 cm. long, the flowers yellowish white, in umbels, the umbels many-
flowered, 12 cm. in diameter, the peduncles 1.2 cm. long, the bracteoles lirear,
1.2 cm. long, 2 mm. wide; pedicels 4 mm. long. Calyx densely tomentose, 1 mm.
long, the margin obsolete. Petals 4-5, 2 mm. long, tomentose outside, separate
or united to form an early deciduous calyptra. Stamens 4—5, the filaments 3 mm.
long. Ovary 2-celled, the styles 2, distinct, erect, recurved at the tip. Fruit a
drupe.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 15
Hunan: Tschangscha, Handel-Mazszetti 459 (AA).
SzECHUAN: Pechuan Hsien, W. P. Fang 5567 (AA); Pachow Fu, F. T. Wang 22674
(AA); O-pien Hsien, Y. S. Liu 2262 (AA).
Yunnan: Mentze, Henry 11358 (AA, NY, W); Valley of Liu-Kiang, E. E. Maire
(holotype of Aralia Mairei Lévl., photo. in AA).
KwetcHow: Ta Ho Yen, Fan Chin Shan, Steward, Chiao, & Cheo 740 (AA, NY).
Kwancsi: Yung Hsien, Ta Tze Tseun, Steward & Cheo 1200 (AA).
Kwanctunc: Ying Tak, Wan Tong Shan, Tai Tsan, W. T. Tsang & K. C. Wong
2980 = LU 14841 (LU); Lokchong, N. K. Chun 41948 (NY), 42295 (NY); Kook Kiang,
Yao Shan, C. Wang 31548 (AA, NY).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Formosa.
IV. Scuerr_era J. R. & G. Forster
Schefflera J. R. & G. Forst. Char. Gen. 45. t. 23. 1775.
Sciodaphyllum P. Br. Hist. Jam. 190. t. 19. f. 1, 2. 1756.
Agalma Mic. FI. Ind. Bat. 1(1): 752. t. 17. 1855.
Heptapleurum Gaertn. Fruct. 2: 472. t. 178. 1791.
Shrubs or trees, often subscandent, glabrous or tomentose, unarmed. Leaves
digitately compound (in our species), the stipules connate within the petiole.
Flowers in umbels, racemes, or globose heads, these arranged in panicles or com-
pound racemes, the bracts hairy, deciduous or persistent, the pedicels not articu-
lated under the flower. Calyx-margin entire or 5-dentate. Petals 5-7, valvate.
Stamens as many as petals, the anthers ovate. Ovary 5-7-celled, rarely less.
Styles united into a column or none, the stigmas distinct, sometimes sessile.
Fruit globose or ovoid, 5—7-seeded, angled or not; seeds laterally compressed ;
endosperm uniform or slightly ruminated.
Between 300 and 400 species widely distributed in the tropics of both hemi-
spheres.
Type species: Schefflera digitata J. R. & G. Forst. of New Zealand.
The name Schefflera is now generally accepted by most authors for species of
both the Old and New World tropics. While some authors continue to retain
some of the subdivisions, such as Heptapleurum Gaertn., as of generic rank, the
characters are such that for practical purposes it seems best to retain Schefflera
in the wider sense. Attention is called to the fact that Sciodaphyllum P. Br. is
the oldest valid name for this group, it having been based on specimens from
Jamaica. Since it seems to be desirable to unite all species in a single more or
less collective group, the name Schefflera should be conserved, as it is very well
known and extensively used. For a consideration of the matter, see A. C. Smith,
Trop. Woods 66: 3. 1941. .
Key To SPECIES AND VARIETIES -
A. Flowers sessile or short-pedicellate, arranged in compact heads. (Section I. Cephalo-
scheffiera Harms.)
B. Leaflets 6, broadest below the middle, the margins entire or sparingly serrulate, the
tertiary nerves inconspicuous beneath; heads arranged in a panicle ....1. S. chinensis.
BB. Leaflets 7, generally broadest above the middle, the margins entire, the tertiary veins
conspicuous beneath; heads arranged in a@ raceme ...............00s04-- 2. S. Wangiti.
AA. Flowers more or less long-pedicellate, arranged in racemes or umbels. (Section II.
Euscheffilera Harms.)
B. Styles connate into a long or short cylindric column, always evident. (Subsection I.
Agalma Harms.)
C. Flowers in umbels, the umbels in racemes or panicles.
D. Styles connate below, radiate above, their tips reflexed ........ 3. S. hypoleucoides.
DD. Styles connate into a column throughout their whole length.
E. Style-column very short, less than 1 mm. long in fruit ......... 4, S. octophylla.
EE. Style-column exceeding 1 mm. in fruit.
16 SARGENTIA (2
F’, Inflorescence small, less than 15 cm. long; leaflets linear-lanceolate, mem-
EON 6 F856 FN 55 5 ian 00565404405 000000 RO lak 5. S. Bodinieri.
FF, Inflorescence large, 30-40 cm. or more long; leaflets ovate to lanceolate, char-
taceous to coriaceous.
G. Leaflets large, 20-55 cm. X 8-25 cm. ......... cece eeeeee 6. S. macrophylla.
GG. Leaves small, the leaflets less than 20 em. long and 8 cm. wide.
H. Petiolules subequal in length, 1-3.5 cm. long.
I, Leaflets with tertiary veins more or less impressed above.
J. Leaflets oblanceolate to lanceolate, the tertiary veins deeply impressed
BONG 0 Sas oho 85s 6 one i65 02.b baw oes Pee 7. S. impressa.
JJ. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, the tertiary veins slightly impressed above.
8. S. producta.
IT, Leaflets with tertiary veins projecting above ............... 9. S. elata.
HH. Petiolules very unequal in length, 1-9 em. long.
I. Leaflets minutely stellate-tomentose beneath ....... 10. S. minutistellata.
/I, Leaflets with scattered loosely stellate-tomentose hairs or glaucous be-
TACAE eG 059 wba 5 aniS's shats-'d o's 'w G's ee aha share CE es 11. S. hypoleuca.
CC. Flowers in simple racemes or paniculate, never arranged in umbels.
D. Leaflets many, generally 12-16.
E. Leaflets about 16, large, 8-15 cm. X 2-8 cm., the veins projecting above.
12. S. hainanensis.
EE. Leaflets fewer than 16, small, 4-10 cm. X 2-4 cm., the veins impressed above.
13. S. Metcalfiana,
DD. Leaflets few, generally 5-7.
FE. Leaflets more or less pubescent beneath.
F. Leaflets minutely and distinctly stellate-pubescent beneath, unequal in size, the
MMYGINS SIFT Y ONUITE 6c cc seed gneiss dia ened eeneaun 14. S. diversifoliolata.
FF. Leaflets densely or rather coarsely stellate-pubescent beneath, more or less
equal in size, entire or toothed.
G. Flowers sessile, the petals glabrous without; veins not impressed above, the
reticulum beneath usually obscured by the very dense indumentum.
Fa; I WIIG sk ess Sa os bs gon baw aease>s 15. S. Delavayi.
HH, Indumentum brown ................. 15a. S. Delavayi var. ochraceum.
GG. Flowers pedicellate, the petals densely tomentose without; veins impressed
above, the reticulum very prominent beneath, not at all obscured by the
somewhat scattered indumentum ..............0 cece eee eee 16. S. Wardit.
EE, Leaflets glabrous.
F, Petiolules short, mostly 1 cm. long or less, rarely 1.3 cm. long.
17. S. shweliensis.
FF, Petiolules mostly 1.5 cm. or longer.
G. Leaflets narrowly oblong to lanceolate, the lateral nerves 12-20 on each side.
FHT, Leaflets 15-17 cm. X 5-5.5 cm., the lateral nerves 16-22, oblique.
18. S. multinervia.
HH, Leaflets 15-24 cm. X 4-5 cm., the lateral nerves 12-20, ascending.
19. S. dumicola.
GG. Leaflets oblong to oblanceolate, the lateral nerves 8-12 on each side.
Hf. Ueafletsesmall, 15 <7 cm. or less vs.0065 oda dash cre scas dears 20. S. Hoi.
HH, Leaflets large, 30 X 10 cm. ............. 20a. S. Hoi var. macrophylla,
BB. Styles none, the stigmas sessile. (Subsection I]. Heptapleuruwm Harms.)
C. Flowers sessile or subsessile ............ 0000 cceeee cee eeeeeess 2h. S. glomerulata,
CC. Flowers distinctly pedicellate.
D. Leaflets oblong to obovate, broadest above the middle.
E. Leaflets 2-5, very slenderly caudate-acuminate, the acumen up to 2.5 cm. long,
MOPS OL, LESS. TAICATE. 62. dice «wend 5:5 5% aicid wel a was ha Ew ea ce 22. S. tenuts.
EE. Leaflets 5 or more, obtuse to short-acuminate.
F’, Leaflets 5-6, short-acuminate, 5.5 X 3 cm., the petioles short, 5-6 cm. long.
23. S. yunnanensis,
FF, Leaflets 7-9, obtuse to acute, 9 X 4 cm., the petioles long, 12-15 cm.
24. S. arboricola,
DD. Leaflets elliptic to oblong, not broadest above the middle.
E. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, three times as long as broad; a low shrub.
25. S. kwangsiensis.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 17
EE. Leaflets elliptic to oblong, obtuse to acuminate, 114 to 24 times as long as
broad; shrubs or trees.
Fi LRRTOES CPOE i a ce vn ce ohh os) d's A oes Oe anes,
FF, Leaflets 5-7.
G. Fruits ovoid, distinctly 5-angular, the disk conical ..........27. S. venulosa.
GG. Fruits globose, indistinctly 5-angular, the disk depressed-conical.
28. S. khastana.
1. Schefflera chinensis (Dunn) comb. nov. Fig. 1.
Oreopanax chinense Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 500. 1903, op. cit. 39: 471. 1911;
Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924.
A tree, about 10 m. tall, with 6-foliolate leaves, ovate-oblong leaflets, and a
terminal panicle formed of pedunculate globose heads of short pedicellate fruits.
Fig. 1. Schefflera chinensis; 1. leaf, X 14; 2. portion of infructescence, X %4; 3. fruit,
x 3.
18 SARGENTIA [2
Leaves petiolate ; petioles slender, glabrous, terete, about 10-17 cm. long; leaflets
subcoriaceous, petiolulate, glabrous above, sparsely stellate-tomentose beneath,
ovate-oblong, 10-15 cm. or more long, 3.5—-5 cm. or more wide, generally broadest
below the middle, the apex acuminate, the base broad-cuneate to almost rounded,
the margins entire or sparingly serrulate, slightly revolute, the lateral nerves 10-12
on each side, slightly oblique, prominent beneath, the tertiary veins obscure on
both surfaces; petiolules glabrous, 0.5-3 cm. long. Inflorescence in a terminal
panicle, 30 cm. long, densely tomentose, the lateral branches to 15 cm. long, the
flowers subsessile or short-pedicellate, attached to the tip of the peduncle among
a group of small hairy bracteoles, in compact globose heads, the heads 1.4 cm.
across, terminal or few racemosely arranged on the branches, the peduncles 2 cm.
or more long, spreading, the bracts caducous. Calyx densely tomentose, the
margin subentire. Petals 5, densely tomentose outside, glabrous inside. Sta-
mens 5. Ovary 5-celled, the styles 5, erect, connate below. Fruit subglobose,
angular, 5-celled, sparsely tomentose to glabrous, about 5-6 mm. across, the
pedicels 3-5 mm. long, tomentose, the disk small, 2.5 mm. across, the styles 5,
united halfway below and radiating and reflexed above, the endosperm ruminate.
YuNNAN: Szemao, Henry 12939 (1sotypr, NY, W) ; Shang-pa, H. T. Tsai 59089 (AA).
Dunn describes this as a species of Oreopanax, a genus confined mainly to
tropical America. This plant, together with Schefflera Wangii Li, differs from
other Chinese species of Schefflera in having globose heads of compactly ar-
ranged short-pedicellate fruits. In my judgment, these two species belong to
Schefflera rather than to Oreopanax, in spite of the fact that the endosperm in
both cases is ruminate, as noticed by Dunn for S. chinensis. Though the endo-
sperm of Schefflera is generally considered as uniform, I have found certain other
species, such as S. Bodinieri (Lévl.) Rehder, having slight ruminations. The
endosperm of the two species under discussion is only slightly ruminate.t In
these characters and in general habit, these two species clearly belong to the genus
Sche filera.
Schefflera chinensis and S. Wangii are related to S. cephalota (Clarke) Harms
of India and Malacca, but differ from it in the slender petiolules, the presence
of bracteoles in the heads, and the smaller disks. Henry mentions having col-
lected only small leaves. The specimens at the herbarium of the New York
Botanical Garden, although bearing the same number as those at Kew (photo-
graphs by R. C. Ching in NY), are under different labels and may represent
distinct collections. Dunn states that the leaflets are entire, but I note that most
of them are remotely serrulate, which is also borne out by the photographs of
the Kew specimens taken by Ching. Tsai 59089 is a young flowering specimen
with 2 leaflets measuring 30 X 16 cm. The margins are entire and revolute.
Description of the flower given above is based on this specimen.
2. Schefflera Wangii sp. nov.
Arbor parva, circa 5 m. alta. Foliis 7-foliolatis petiolatis; petiolis gracilibus
glabris teretibus circa 15 cm. longis; foliolis coriaceis petiolulatis, supra glabris,
subtus sparse stellato-tomentosis vel glabris, inferioribus minoribus ovato-ob-
longis, 8 X 3.5 cm., medianis majoribus oblongo-ellipticis, 13 & 6 cm., caeteris
forma magnitudine intermediis, apice acuminatis, basi attenuatis, pro more ultra
medium latioribus, margine integris revolutis, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-10,
adscendentibus, subtus prominentibus, venis tertiariis supra obscuris, subtus
prominentibus ; petiolulis glabris 1-4 cm. longis. Floribus ignotis. Inflorescen-
1Schefflera differs fundamentally from Oreopanax in its flowers being hermaphrodite,
with 5-7 styles, while in Oreopanax the flowers are polygamo-dioecious or rarely polygamo-
monoecious, and the styles in male flowers are one or two only.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 19
tiis fructigeris in racemo axillari subterminali e circa 13 capitulis pedunculatis,
compactis, globosis, fructibus plurimis brevipedicellatis, rhachibus circa 18 cm.
longis, tomentosis vel glabrescentibus, capitulis 1.5-2 cm. crassis, pedunculis
1.3-5 cm. longis patentibus, bractea triangulari basali 5 mm. longa, 1-4 bracteolis
superioribus minoribus fultis. Fructu globoso, obscure pentagono, 5-loculari,
sparse tomentoso vel glabro, circa 5 mm. crasso, pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis tomen-
tosis, in apicem pedunculi inter bracteolas parvas pubescentes confluentibus, disco
minimo 1—1.5 mm. crasso, stylis 5, in columnam brevem connatis, supra reflexis,
albumine leviter ruminato.
Yunnan: Shun-ming Hsien, C. W. Wang 71952 (AA); Cheng-kang Hsien, C. W.
Wang 72364 (typr, AA), March 1936.
This species is closely related to S. chinensis (Dunn) Li, which differs from
other Chinese species of the genus in the fruits being arranged in compact heads.
It can be distinguished from the latter by its seven leaflets with entire margins,
more ascending lateral nerves, and tertiary veins conspicuous beneath ; the leaflets
are generally broadest above the middle. Moreover, the heads are smaller and
with fewer fruits, and arranged in subterminal racemes. In the other species,
the heads are arranged in a large terminal panicle with the branches mostly com-
pound. Wang 71952 is similar to the type except that some of the leaflets have
a few deep incisions and are somewhat less pubescent beneath.
3. Schefflera hypoleucoides Harms, Rep. Sp. Nov. 16: 246. 1919; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc.
China 1: 186. 1924.
A tree 7-15 m. in height, with 7-foliolate leaves, oblong to lanceolate, acumi-
nate leaflets, and large terminal panicles, the flowers in umbels, singly or race-
mosely arranged on the branches. Leaves long-petiolate, the petioles glabrous
to subglabrous, terete, to 30 cm. long; leaflets unequally petiolulate, subcoriaceous,
shining above, glabrous or sparsely stellate-pubescent beneath, oblong to lanceo-
late, the lower ones small, 8 cm. long, 1.3 cm. wide, the median ones larger, 22
cm. long, 8.5 cm. wide, the others intermediate, the apex acuminate, the base at-
tenuate, the margins entire, sometimes lobed or remotely dentate on younger trees,
the midrib and nerves distinct above, projecting beneath, the nerves 10-16 on
each side, the veins reticulate, distinct above, the petiolules glabrous to sub-
glabrous, the lower ones 0.5 cm. long, the median ones 5 cm. long, the others
intermediate. Inflorescence a large terminal panicle, tomentose when young, the
primary branches tomentose to subglabrous, 15-30 cm. long, the flowers in umbels
singly -or racemosely arranged on the branches, the peduncles puberulent to
glabrescent, 2-5 cm. long, with a bracteole 5-7 mm. long at the base and one or
two 2-3 mm. long in the middle, often bearing abortive buds or occasionally a
flower in the axils; umbels many-flowered, 2—2.5 cm. in diameter, the pedicels
puberulent, 3-5 mm. long, with small bracteoles at the base. Calyx tomentose,
the margin entire to subentire. Petals 5, triangular-ovate, incurved at apex,
about 3 mm. long, puberulent, often cohering into a calyptra. Stamens 5, the
filaments 5 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles 5, connate at the
base. Fruits (immature) ovoid, subglabrescent, 4 mm. long, the disk 1-1.5 mm.
across, the 5 styles connate at the base into a short erect column, their tips
radiating and strongly reflexed.
Yunnan: No precise locality, Forrest 9790 (NY); Mengtze, Henry 11435 (AA, NY);
Yuanching, Henry 13301 (AA); Tsing-pian, H. T. Tsai 52466 (AA); Wen-shan Hsien,
H. T. Tsai 51505 (AA), 51538A (AA).
A species characterized by the 5 styles connate at the base, with the tips radiat-
ing and strongly reflexed, especially in the fruits. It is easily distinguished by
this character from Schefflera hypoleuca (Kurz) Harms, which it resembles
20 SARGENTIA [2
closely in general appearance. Forrest 9790 has the leaflets more densely pubes-
cent than the other specimens cited.
4. Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 38.
1894; Viguier in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 1178. f. 139. no. 5, 6, 7. 1923; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924; Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 5: 139. 1927; McClure,
Lingnan Univ. Sei. Bull. 3: 30. 1931; Merr. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. II. 24(2): 291. 1935.
Aralia octophylla Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 187. 1790, ed. Willd. 233. 1793; DC. Prodr. 4: 258.
1830.
Paratropia cantoniensis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 189. 1841; Walp. Rep. 2: 433.
1843; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 136. 1861.
Agalma octophyllum Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 298. 1864, Revis. Heder. 24. 1868.
Heptapleurum octophyllum Benth. ex Hance, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13: 105. 1873; Forbes
& Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 342. 1888; Dunn & Tutch. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10:
119. 1912.
A tree or shrub, with 6—8-foliolate leaves, the leaflets elliptic, acute or short-
acuminate, and with large terminal panicles, the flowers in umbels, racemosely
arranged on the lateral branches. Leaves generally 6—8-foliolate, long-petiolate ;
petioles at first finely pubescent, soon glabrous, 8-25 cm. long; leaflets unequally
petiolulate, coriaceous, finely stellate-puberulent on both surfaces, soon glabrous,
elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 7-17 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, the apex acute or short-
acuminate, the base attenuate or nearly rounded, the margins entire, the lateral
nerves about 8 on each side, not prominent above, slightly projecting beneath ;
petiolules glabrous, the lateral ones 1.5—2.5 cm. long, the median ones 3—5 cm.
long, the others intermediate. Inflorescence in large terminal panicles, 25 cm.
long, the flowers in racemosely arranged umbels on the primary branches, the
bracts triangular, small, about 2-3 mm. long, the peduncles about 1 cm. long,
with a small bracteole at base and one or two near the middle, the umbels many-
flowered, 1-2 cm. in diameter, the pedicels 3-5 mm. long, with a small bracteole
at the base, the flowers small, white, fragrant. Calyx pubescent, 5—6-dentate.
Petals 5, fleshy, 2-3 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments slightly longer than
the petals. Ovary 5—8-celled, the disk flat, the styles united into a very short but
distinct column, the stigmas indistinct. Fruits globose, 3-4 mm. across, the disk
at top 2 mm. across, the calyx-margin persistent, the style-column very short, less
than 1 mm. long, the stigmas capitate.
CHEKIANG: Southern Yentang, Nan-Hoo, H. H. Hu 185 (AA, LU).
Fuxien: Amoy, Henry 22714 (AA), Hinghwa District, H. H. Chung 1004 (AA);
Changchow, White Cloud Hill, H. H. Chung 1135 (AA); Foochow, Kushan, H. H. Chung
1289 (AA); Kushan, A Ieng, near Kushan Monastery, Tang Siu Ging 6831 (AA) ;. Amoy,
H. H. Chung 5275 (LU); Foochow University and vicinity, Tang Siu Ging 6967 (LU),
13008 (LU); Kushan Monastery, Tang Siu Ging 13105 (LU); Ing-hok, Huong-guong
Nang, Tang Siu Ging 13270 (LU); In Hok, Fung Huang Se, L. Chen 68 (LU).
Yunnan: Tamsui, Henry 1735 (NY); Szemao, Henry 12801 (AA); Che-li Hsien,
C. W. Wang 8649 (AA); Che-li Hsien, Sheau-meng-yang, C. W. Wang 79622 (AA);
Meng-him, Jenn-yeh Hsien, C. W. Wang 79954 (AA), 80111 (AA), 80365 (AA), 80751
(AA).
Kwancsi: South of Nanning, Shih Wan Tai Shan, Rk. C. Ching 8234 (AA, W):;
Wuchow, Tang Uk Shan, Tang Siu Pan & Fung Hom 27 = LU19147 (LU, NY); Yung
Hsien, Ta Tze Tseun, Steward & Cheo 1086 (AA); Wuchow, C. C. Wang 308 (LU);
Chien Pien District, S. P. Ko 55814 (AA).
KwANcTtuNG: Hongkong, Wight s. n. (W), 101 (W), 179 (G), 287 (W); Hongkong
Bot. Garden, C. S. Sargent s.n. (AA); Hongkong, C. S. Sargent s.n. (AA), Otto Kuntze
3573 (NY), C. Ford s.n. (NY); Tung Wu Mt., Levine & Groff CCC117 (AA); Canton,
C. O. Levine CCC262 (AA, G, W), CCC1684 (AA, G, W) ; no precise locality, C. O. Levine
CCC3400 (AA, G, W); Tung Lu Ping, W. Y. Chun 6100 (AA); no precise locality, W. Y.
Chun 5204 (AA); Lantau Island, Taai Ae Shann, W. T. Tsang LU16588 (AA); Hwang
Tso Kong, Y. Tsiang 166 (AA); Ting Wu Shan, Y. Tstang 1555 (AA); Lokchong Hsien,
route to Siekun, Y. Tsiang 1449 (AA); Sunyi, Sick Toun, C. W. Wang 31907 (AA); Yung-
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 21
yun City, S. K. Lau 627 (AA, NY); Wung-Yeun District, Tsin Wen Shan, Wong Chuck Ts
S. K. Lau 2262 (AA) ; Tung-koon District, Lin Fa Shan, S. K. Lau 20011 (NY); Kun Dzu,
Tse Kung, C. L. Tso 21478 (NY).
Hainan: No precise locality, W. Y. Chun UN5903 (W); Ou Yan, F. A. McClure
7894 (AA); Taam-chan District, Sha Po Shan, W. T. Tsang 768 = LU16267 (AA, NY,
W), 808 = LU16307 (LU, NY, W); Wai-yeung District, Kan Lung Fung, W. T. Tsang
20057 (AA, NY); Fan Yah, N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 44020 (AA, NY); Pak Shik Ling,
Ku Tung Village, Ching Mai Village, C. J. Lei 221 (AA, NY, W), 357 (AA, NY, W): no
precise locality, fF. C. How & N. K. Chun 70103 (AA, NY, W), C. Wang 34558 (NY),
34608 (NY), 55127 (NY), H. Y. Liang 63484 (AA, NY), 63683 (NY, W), 64336 (AA,
NY); Chang-kiang District, Ue Lung Shan, S. K. Lau 3216 (AA); Lekwei, S. K. Lau
28381 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: From Indo-China to Formosa and the Liukiu Archipelago.
The leaves of this species are sometimes very variable. The ovary is generally
5-celled, but variations between 6-8 cells are not infrequent. The styles are
united into a very short but distinct column. Occasionally a few flowers are
developed on the peduncles under the umbels and the umbels imperfectly formed,
illustrating the transition from a racemose arrangement to an umbellate one.
5. Schefflera Bodinieri (Lévl.) Rehder, Jour. Arn. Arb. 11: 166. 1930, 15: 114. 1934.
Hleptapleurum Bodinieri Lévl. Bull. Acad. Géogr. Bot. 24: 144. 1914; Fl. Kouy-Tchéou
35. 1914.
A shrub, with 7-9-foliolate leaves, the leaflets membranaceous, linear-lanceolate,
remotely serrulate, and with small terminal panicles, the flowers in umbels, race-
mosely arranged on the branches. Branches mealy-puberulent at first, soon gla-
brescent. Leaves generally 7—9-foliolate, sometimes 5-6-foliolate, long-petio-
late ; petioles slender, terete, glabrous, 8-15 cm. long; leaflets unequally petiolu-
late, membranaceous, dark green above, glaucous beneath, sparingly mealy-puberu-
lent at first, soon glabrescent, the lower ones ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 4-7
cm. long, 1-1.6 cm. wide, the median ones linear-lanceolate, 10-16 cm. long, 1-2.5
cm. wide, the others intermediate, the apex long-acuminate, the base broadly
cuneate to rounded, the margins remotely 1—-8-dentate on each side, rarely entire,
the midrib prominent above, projecting below, the lateral nerves 8-16 on each
side, obsolete ; petiolules glabrous, the lateral ones short, 1-2 mm. long, the median
ones 1.5-5 cm. long, the others intermediate. Inflorescences in terminal panicles,
7-15 cm. long, mealy-puberulent, the flowers in racemosely arranged umbels on
the primary branches, the peduncles about 1-2 cm. long, bibracteolate, the brac-
teoles short, often inserted below the middle of the peduncle and often with
abortive buds in the axils, the umbels many-flowered, about 2 cm. in diameter,
the pedicels 2-5 mm. long. Calyx puberulent, 5-dentate. Petals 5, oblong-
ovate, 3-3.5 mm. long, acute, reflexed, sparsely mealy without. Stamens 5, the
hlaments slightly longer than the petals. Ovary 5-ceiled, the disk annular, thick,
the styles connate into a column, 1-2 mm. long, the stigmas indistinct. Fruits
red, 5-celled, globose, slightly 5-angular, 5-6 mm. across, the disk at top thick,
2.5 mm. across, the calyx-teeth persistent, the style-column 2-3 mm, long, the
stigmas capitate, the endosperm slightly ruminate.
SzECHUAN: Nanchuan Hsien, W. P. Fang 5740 (AA).
KwertcHow: Long-ly, J. Cavalerie 1578 (AA); District of Tsin-gay, valley of Kia-la-
tchang, J. Laborde in herb. Bodinier 2459 (SYNTYPE, merotype in AA); Kiangchow, Y.
Tsiang 7503 (NY); Ta-ho-yen, Fan Ching Shan, Steward, Chiao, & Cheo 725 (AA, NY);
758 (AA, NY).
Kwancsrt: Lin-yuin Hsien, Loh Hoh Tseun, Loa Shan-loa-ling, Steward & Cheo 11
(AA, NY).
This species is easily distinguished from its allies by its small, narrowly linear-
lanceolate, remotely serrulate, membranaceous leaflets, and its small inflorescence.
It is to be noted that the endosperm is slightly ruminate.
22 SARGENTIA [2
6. Schefflera macrophylla (Dunn) Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. Bot. 9: 330. 1909; Chung,
Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186, 1924.
Heptapleurum macrophyllum Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 499. 1903; W. W. Smith,
Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 297, 331. 1930.
A tree, 5-10 m. tall, with large 7-foliolate leaves, ovate-oblong, short-acuminate
leaflets, and large terminal panicles, the flowers in racemosely arranged umbels,
on the branches. Leaves very large, generally 7-foliolate, long-petiolate ; leaflets
long-petiolulate, coriaceous, glabrous above, white-tomentose beneath, ovate-
oblong, 20-55 cm. long, 8-25 cm. wide, the apex short-acuminate, the base round
to cordate, the margins slightly revolute, entire to obscurely serrate, the midrib
projecting on both surfaces, the lateral nerves 8-12 on each side; petiolules
glabrous, 5-17 cm. long. Inflorescence a large terminal panicle to 50 cm. long,
densely ferruginous-tomentose ; flowers in umbels, these racemosely arranged on
the primary branches, the branches to 22 cm. long, with large bracts at the base
1.5 cm. long, the peduncles 2 cm. long, with triangular bracteoles at the base 0.5
cm. long, the umbels many-flowered, 1.5 cm. in diameter, the pedicels 2-3 mm.
long, the flowers small. Calyx pubescent, 5-dentate. Petals 5, pubescent with-
out, glabrous within, 2 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments about the same
length as the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles connate into a
column, about 0.5 mm. long.
YuNNAN: Szemao, Henry 13409 (1sotype, AA, W), 13409A (NY); no precise locality,
Forrest 27186 (AA); Shang-pa Hsien, H. T. Tsai 56628 (AA).
A species characterized by its large leaves and the large ferruginous-tomentose
inflorescences.
7. Schefflera impressa (C. B. Clarke) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
3(8): 38. 1894; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924.
Hedera tomentosa Ham. in D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 187. 1825; DC. Prodr. 4: 264. 1830;
non Schefflera tomentosa (Seem.) Harms. ;
Panax tomentosum Wall. in DC. Prodr. 4: 254. 1830.
Agalma tomentosum Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 298. 1864, Revis. Heder. 25. 1868.
Heptapleurum impressum C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 728. 1879; Dunn, Jour.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 454. 1911; Dunn & Tutch. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 119. 1912.
A tree to 20 m. tall, with 7-foliolate leaves, short-petiolulate, lanceolate to
oblanceolate leaflets, and large terminal panicles with the flowers in racemosely
arranged umbels on the lateral branches. Leaves generally 7-foliolate, sometimes
5-foliolate, long-petiolate, the petioles slender, terete, puberulent to glabrescent,
15-50 cm. long; leaflets equally short-petiolulate, coriaceous, glabrous or rugose
above, stellate-pubescent beneath, soon glabrescent to glaucous, lanceolate to ob-
lanceolate, more or less equal, 12-20 cm. long, 3—5 cm. wide, the apex acuminate,
the base broadly attenuate, the margins entire, sometime distantly lobed or serrate
on young trees, the midrib and nerves projecting beneath, the nerves 8-12 on
each side, the veins reticulate and impressed above; petiolules 1-2.5 cm. long,
puberulent to glabrescent. Inflorescence in large terminal panicles, 30-40 cm.
long, stellate-tomentose, the lower branches to 20 cm. long, the bracts 5 mm. long ;
flowers in umbels, racemosely arranged on the primary branches ; peduncles 2.5-4
cm. long, the bracteoles triangular, 2 mm. long, the umbels many-flowered, 1.5-3
cm. in diameter, the pedicels 6-8 mm. long, with small bracteoles at base. Calyx
densely pubescent, 5-dentate. Petals 5, pubescent without, 3 mm. long. Stamens
5, the filaments 4 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles 5, connate
into a column, the stigmas indistinct. Fruit globose, 4-5 mm. across, 5-angled,
5-celled, the disk 2 mm. across, conical, gradually merging into the style-column,
1.5-2 mm. long, the stigmas subcapitate.
Yunnan: Between Tengyueh and the Burmese border, en route to Sadon, J. PF. Rock
7411 (AA, NY, W); Shweli River drainage basin to summit of Shweli-Salween watershed
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 23
east of Tengyueh, J. F. Rock 7632 (AA, W); Shang-pa Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54478 (AA);
Che-tse-lo, H. T. Tsai 54121 (AA), 58363 (AA); Taron-Taru divide, Valley of Bucahwang,
T. T. Yu 20118 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Himalayan region. .
The Chinese specimens agree well with the available Indian material except that
the leaflets are generally sparsely pubescent to glabrescent and sometimes glaucous
beneath. As a group, the Chinese plants may deserve varietal standing to sep-
arate them from the Indian ones. More material is needed for this decision.
8. Schefflera producta (Dunn) Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. Bot. 9: 351. 1909.
Heptapleurum productum Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 499. 1903.
A shrub, 1.5-3 m. high, with 5—11-foliolate leaves, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, glabrous, and with a terminal paniculate inflorescence formed by
umbels. Leaves 5—11(generally 7—9)-foliolate, long-petiolate; petioles terete,
glabrous, 20 cm. long; leaflets petiolulate, chartaceous, glabrous on both surfaces,
ovate-lanceolate, 8-15 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, the lower ones slightly smaller than
the median ones, the apex long-acuminate, the base broadly acute to rounded, the
margins sparsely serrate, revolute, the lateral nerves 6-10 on each side, distinct
above, projecting beneath, the tertiary veins slightly impressed above; petiolules
1.5-3.5 cm. long, the median ones slightly longer than the lateral ones. Inflores-
cence a panicle, white- or ferruginous-tomentose to glabrescent, the flowers in
umbels, racemosely arranged; umbels many-flowered, 3 cm. in diameter; pedun-
cles 2-3.5 cm. long, tomentose. Calyx densely tomentose, the margin 5-dentate.
Petals 5, 3 mm. long, slightly tomentose outside, glabrous inside. Stamens 5,
the filaments 3 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles connate into a
short column, 1.5 mm. long.
YuNNAN: Mengtze, Henry 9530 (1sotypr, NY), 11382 (NY p.p.).
KweicHow: Langtse, Y. Tsiang 9519 (NY).
Tsiang 9519 from Kweichow is identical with Dunn’s Yunnan type except for
the indumentum on the inflorescence, which is white in the former and ferru-
ginous in the latter. See also notes under S. hypoleuca Harms. S. producta
Viguier is very similar in appearance to some species of Brassaiopsis. Some of
the ovaries are 3-celled. Apparently this species represents a link between these
two closely related genera.
9. Schefflera elata (Ham.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 38. 1894;
Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186, 1924.
Hedera elata Ham. in D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 187. 1825; DC. Prodr. 4: 264. 1830.
Agalma elatum Seem. Jour. Bot. 2: 298. 1864, Revis. Heder. 25. 1868.
Heptapleurum elatum C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 728. 1879; Dunn, Jour.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 454. 1911.
A tree 10-13 m. tall, with generally 5—7-foliolate leaves, the leaflets elliptic-
oblong, glabrous, entire, long-petiolate, and with a terminal paniculate inflores-
cence formed by umbels. Petioles terete, glabrous, about 15 cm. long; leaflets
petiolulate, more or less coriaceous, glabrous above, very slightly tomentose to
glaucous beneath, elliptic-oblong, 10-18 cm. long, 5-7 cm. wide, the apex acute,
the base rounded to acute, the margins entire, the lateral nerves 6-8 on each side,
subconspicuous above, slightly projecting beneath, the tertiary nerves inconspicu-
ous on both surfaces; petiolules more or less equal, 2-3.5 cm. long, glabrous.
Inflorescence in terminal panicles, 30-40 cm. long, slightly tomentose to glabres-
cent, the lower branches usually compound, the flowers in racemosely arranged
umbels, the umbels about 12—15-flowered, 2 cm. in diameter, the bracts ovate, 5
mm. long, the peduncles 1.5—2 cm. long, slightly tomentose, the pedicels 5-7 mm.
long, slightly tomentose. Calyx nearly glabrous, the margin slightly 5-dentate.
Petals 5, 2 mm. long, glabrous on both surfaces. Stamens 5, the filaments about
24 SARGENTIA |2
2mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles connate into a short column.
Fruit globose, 4-5 mm. across, the style-column very short, about 1 mm. long.
YunNAN: No precise locality, Henry 13474 (NY); Kiukiang Valley, Taron, T. T. Yui
19477 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION : India.
This species is very near to S. ypoleuca Harms, from which it may be distin-
guished by the smaller and narrower leaflets which are glabrous beneath, as well
as by the nearly glabrous calyx and the glabrous petals.
10. Schefflera minutistellata Merrill in herb. sp. nov.
Frutex 1-13 m. altus. Foliis 7-17-foliolatis longe petiolatis ; petiolis gracilibus
teretibus glabris 15-40 cm. longis ; foliolis petiolatis coriaceis, supra glabris, subtus
minute stellato-tomentosis, oblongo-lanceolatis, 10-18 cm. longis, 2.5-6.5 cm.
latis, inferioribus minoribus, medianis majoribus, apice acuminatis, basi rotun-
datis vel acutis, marginibus integris, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-12, venis ter-
tiariis inconspicuis, supra vix impressis; petiolulis 1.5-9 cm. longis, exterioribus
brevioribus, medianis longioribus. Inflorescentiis terminalibus paniculatis, 30-40
cm. longis, ramulis inferioribus plus minusve compositis, floribus umbellatis, um-
bellis in ramis ultimis racemose dispositis, pedunculis 2—3.5 cm. longis, umbellis
plurifloris 2 cm. latis; pedicellis 6 mm. longis pubescentibus, bracteis minimis ad
basim fultis. Calyce stellato-pubescente 5-dentato. Petalis 5 utrinque glabris
2-3 mm. longis. Staminibus 5, filamentis 3-4 mm. longis. Ovario 5-loculari,
disco plano, stylis in columnam brevem connatis, stigmatibus obscuris. Fructu
globoso vel ovoideo, 3 mm. longo, 4 mm. crasso, disco crasso et lato, stylo 2 mm.
longo, stigmatibus capitatis.
YUNNAN: Between Tengyueh and the Burmese border, en route to Sadon, J. /’. Rock
7278 (AA, NY, W); Chiu-pei Hsien, H. T. Tsai 51443 (AA); Mienning, Poshan, T. T. Vii
17960 (AA).
Kweicuow: Chenfeng, Y. Tsiang 4286 (NY); Tuhshan, Y. Tsiang 6957 (NY).
Kwanctunc: Lokchong, O-Hang, S. P. Ko 51164 (typr, AA), Jan. 21, 1931; Foh-chang
District, Chong Uen Shan near Kan Fung, W. T. Tsang 20740 (AA, NY).
Kwancsi: Yeo Mar Shan, North of Hin Yen, R. C. Ching 7123 (LU, NY); Kwei-lin
District, Chi-fen Shan, Hsi-chang Village and vicinity, W. T. Tsang 28503 (AA).
This species can be distinguished from its allies with umbellate flowers by its
more or less unequal, oblong-lanceolate leaflets, which are minutely stellate-
tomentose beneath.
11. Schefflera hypoleuca (Kurz) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(8): 38.
1894.
Heptapleurum hypoleucum Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burma 1: 539. 1877; Dunn, Jour. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 39: 454. 1911.
A small tree about 5—10 m. tall, with generally 7-foliolate leaves, the leaflets
oblong or ovate, unevenly petiolulate, generally glaucous beneath, and with a
terminal paniculate inflorescence formed by umbels. Leaves long-petiolate ; pe-
tioles slender, terete, glabrous, about 30 cm. long; leaflets petiolulate, coriaceous,
glabrous above, loosely stellate-tomentose or glaucous beneath, ovate or oblong,
12-20 cm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, the lower ones smaller than the median ones, the
apex acute, the base rounded, the margins entire to serrate or lobed, the lateral
nerves 8-12 on each side, distinct above, projecting beneath, the tertiary nerves
subconspicuous above ; petiolules 1-8 cm. long, the median ones long, the outer
ones short. Inflorescence in terminal large panicles, 30-40 cm. long, the lower
branches often compound, stellate-tomentose to glabrescent, the flowers in race-
mosely arranged umbels, the umbels many-flowered, 3—3.5 cm. in diameter ; pedun-
cles 2-5 cm. long, stellate-tomentose, the bracteoles triangular, 2-3 mm. long ;
pedicels slender, tomentose, 1-1.4 cm. long. Calyx densely stellate-tomentose,
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 25
the margin 5-dentate. Petals 5, 2-3 mm. long, slightly stellate-tomentose out-
side, glabrous inside. Stamens 5, the filaments 3 mm. long. Ovary 5-celled, the
disk flat, the styles connate into a short column, the stigmas indistinct.
YuNNAN: Mengtze, Henry 9564 (NY, W), 11382 (NY, p.p., W), 11840 (W).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India and Burma.
A photograph of Henry 9564A in the Kew Herbarium (by R. C. Ching, in
NY) is labeled Heptapleurum hypoleucum Kurz var. hypochlorum Dunn. A
sterile specimen bearing the same number in the herbarium of the Arnold Ar-
boretum consists of the leaves of Brassaiopsis glomerulata Regel.
12. Schefflera hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 295. t. 67. 1935.
A subglabrous tree about 10 m. tall, with 16-foliolate leaves, the leaflets long-
petiolulate, ovate, acuminate, and with terminal paniculate inflorescence, the
flowers racemosely arranged on the branches. Leaves long-petiolate; petioles
terete, glabrous, up to 40 cm. long; leaflets long-petiolulate, chartaceous to sub-
coriaceous, glabrous, olive-green above, glaucous beneath, variable in shape,
mostly ovate to oblong-ovate, 8-15 cm. long, 2-8 cm. wide, the apex acuminate,
the base broad-cuneate, the margins entire, the lateral nerves 7-10 on each side,
distinct on both surfaces, the veins reticulate and prominent especially above ;
petiolules 2-7 cm. long, slightly furfuraceous when young. Inflorescence in ter-
minal panicles about 30 cm. long, densely pubescent especially when young, the
flowers racemosely arranged on the primary branches, the branches to 9 cm. long,
the bracts triangular, 0.5-1 cm. long; pedicels 2-3 mm. long. Calyx pubescent,
indistinctly 5-dentate. Petals 5, thin, glabrous on both surfaces, 2 mm. long.
Stamens 5, the filaments slightly longer than the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk
flat. the 5 styles connate into a short column, 0.5 mm. long, the stigmas indistinct.
Fruit ovoid, 5-angular, 5-celled, glabrous, 3 mm. long, the style-column ‘1 mm.
long, the stigmas capitate.
YUNNAN: Ping-pien Hsien, H. T. Tsai 62779 (AA) (a juvenile specimen).
Hainan: Fan Yah, N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 4427 (no.otype, NY, isotype, AA, W).
A species characterized by its long-petiolate, multifoliolate leaves and the prom-
inently acuminate leaflets, which are glabrous on both surfaces and glaucous
beneath.
13. Schefflera Metcalfiana Merr. in herb. sp. nov. Fig. 2.
Arbuscula vel frutex, 3-5 m. altus, ramulis novellis stellato-pubescentibus.
Foliis plurifoliolatis, foliolis 12-15, interdum paucioribus, longe petiolatis ; petiolis
gracilibus teretibus glabris 12-13 cm. longis; foliolis longe petiolulatis chartaceis
glabris, supra nitentibus, subtus glaucescentibus, ovatis vel ovato-ellipticis, 4-10
cm. longis, 2-4.5 cm. latis, apice acuminatis, basi late cuneatis, margine integris
vel remote denticulatis, revolutis, costa supra subprominente, subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-7, supra paulo impressis, subtus prominentibus,
venis reticulatis supra subimpressis; petiolulis glabris 1-5 cm. longis. Inflores-
centlis in paniculis magnis terminalibus, minute stellato-puberulis, ad 45 cm.
longis, floribus racemosis compacte secus ramulos laterales dispositis, ramulis
5-6 cm. longis, bracteis triangularibus acutis 3 mm. longis; floribus parvis albis,
pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis. Calyce dense pubescente, 5-dentato. Petalis 5 tenui-
bus utrinque glabris 2 mm. longis. Staminibus 5, filamentis quam petalis sub-
longioribus vel petala aequantibus. Ovario 5-loculari, disco plano, stylis in
columnam brevem connatis 0.5 mm. longis. Fructu ignoto.
Kwancsi: South of Nanning, Shih Wan Tai Shan, R. C. Ching 8350 (AA, NY, G);
Shang-sze District, Shih Wan Tai Shan, Tang Lung Village, W. T. Tsang 24465 (tyre,
AA, NY), Oct. 1-16, 1934, 24428 (AA, NY), 24518 (AA).
This species resembles Schefflera hainanensis Merr. & Chun in the many and
slender petiolulate leaflets and the racemosely arranged flowers. It may be read-
26 SARGENTIA [2
Fig. 2. Schefflera Metcalfiana; 1. leaf, X %; 2. portion of inflorescence, X 1%; 3.
flower, X 3.
ily distinguished from the latter by its shrubby habit, the much smaller size of
the leaflets, the shorter petioles, and the impressed veins. It is named in honor
of Prof. F. P. Metcalf of Lingnan University, China.
14. Schefflera diversifoliolata sp. nov. Fig. 3.
Arbor 7 m. alta. Foliis 7-foliolatis petiolatis; petiolis teretibus glabris 22 cm.
vel ultra longis; foliolis petiolulatis chartaceis, supra glabris, subtus minutissime
stellato-tomentosis vel glabris, glaucis, oblongo-ellipticis, magnitudine valde vari-
abilis, infimis minimis, 7 * 3 cm., medianis magnis, 17 & 10 cm., ceteris magni-
tudine intermediis, apice acuminatis, basi rotundatis, margine integris, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 8-15, valde obliquis, supra subconspicuis, subtus prominenti-
bus, venis tertiariis supra inconspicuis, subtus subconspicuis, petiolulis valde in-
aequalibus, infimis 0.5—2 cm. longis, medianis 6—6.5 cm. longis, ceteris longitudine
intermediis, glabris. Floribus ignotis. Inflorescentiis paniculatis, fructigeris
glabrescentibus, ramulis lateralibus 20 cm. longis, fructibus racemose dispositis,
pedicellis 3 mm. longis, bracteolis triangularibus 1-2 mm. longis. Fructu globoso
4 mm. longo 5-sulcato, disco apice 2 mm. lato, stylo 1.5 mm. longo, stigmatibus
perspicuis capitatis.
Yunnan: Tsing-pian, H. T. Tsai 52450 (typz, AA), Dec. 21, 1932.
A species characterized by the very unequal leaflets, minutely stellate-tomen-
tose beneath, with very oblique lateral nerves, and the petiolules very variable in
length. It resembles Schefflera minutistellata Merr. in general appearance and
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 27
in the minute stellate tomentum of the leaves, but may be distinguished from the
latter by the diverse leaflets and the variable petiolules, and more especially by its
racemosely instead of umbellately arranged flowers.
/ Fs
Fig. 3. Scheffiera diversifoliolata; 1. leaf, X 4%; 2. portion of infructescence,X 14; 3.
fruit, X 4; 4. diagrammatic cross-section of fruit, X 4.
15. Schefflera Delavayi (Franch.) Harms, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 486. 1900; Harms and Rehder
in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 555. 1916; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924; W.
W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 109, 172, 180, 357, 382. 1929-30; Metcalf,
Jour. Arn. Arb. 12: 271. 1931; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 690. 1933; Rehder, Jour.
Arn, Arb, 15: 113. 1934.
Heptapleurum Delavayi Franch. Jour. de Bot. 10: 307. 1896, Pl. Sin. Ecl. Prim. 27. 1897;
Lévl. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 11. 1915.
Schefiiera megalobotrya Harms ex Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 29: 486. 1900; Chung, Mem. Sci.
Soc. China 1: 186. 1924.
Heptapleurum Dunnianum Lévl. Rep. Sp. Nov. 11: 295. 1912, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 35. 1914.
28 SARGENTIA [2
A tree, 5-8 m. in height, with generally 4-7-foliolate leaves and acuminate
ovate-lanceolate leaflets, these densely white-tomentose beneath and subentire to
distantly dentate or lobed; flowers sessile, densely arranged on the many lateral
tomentose branches of the terminal inflorescence. Petioles terete, tomentose,
soon glabrescent, 12-25 cm. long or more; leaflets petiolulate, coriaceous, glabrous
and dark green above, densely white-tomentose beneath, unequal, ovate-lanceolate,
12-24 cm. long, 5—12 cm. wide, the apex acuminate, the base obtuse, the margins
subentire to distantly and irregularly dentate or lobed, the lateral nerves 7-13 on
each side; petiolules 1-9 cm. long, tomentose. Inflorescence terminal, formed by
spike-like densely tomentose branches, the axis soon glabrescent, 30-40 cm. long,
the branches 10-15 cm. long, crowded on the axis, the bracts short, ovate, acumi-
nate, 5 mm. long; flowers sessile, crowded on the branches, the bracteoles short,
triangular. Calyx tomentose, distinctly 5-dentate, the teeth subhyaline, triangu-
lar, acute to mucronate. Petals 5, thin, glabrous on both surfaces, 2 mm. long.
Stamens 5, the filaments slightly longer than the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk
flat, the styles united into a single column, the stigmas indistinct. Fruits numer-
ous, globose, glabrescent, 4-5 mm. across, short-pedicellate, the pedicels about 1
mm. long, the disk 3 mm. across, the style-column 2 mm. long, the stigmas capitate.
WEsTERN CHINA: No precise locality, Wilson 3691 (AA).
Hunan: Wukang, Mt. Yun-shan, Handel-Mazzetti 2542 (AA); Chang-ning Hsien,
Yang Shan, C. S. Fan & Y. Y. Li 286 (AA); Sinning Hsien, Ma-ling-tung, Fan & Li 681
(AA).
Hupeuw: Enshih Hsien, H. C. Chow 1956 (AA, NY).
SzeEcHUAN: Kuan Hsien, Wilson 4559 (AA); Omei Hsien, Mt. Omei, W. P. Fang 3241
(AA); Nanchuan Hsien, W. P. Fang 5713 (AA, NY); Lo-shan Hsien, . P. Wang 23645
(AA); Kuan-hsien, Y. S. Liu 1864 (AA).
YUNNAN: No precise locality, Forrest 9308 (AA), 11775 (AA), C. Schneider 4054
(G); Mengtze, Henry 9214 (AA, NY), 9214B (AA, NY, W); between Tengyueh and
Lungling, /. F. Rock 7096 (AA, NY, W); Shweli River drainage basin to summit of Shweli-
Salween watershed east of Tengyueh, J. Ff. Rock 7586 (AA); Wan-shan Hsien, H. T. Tsai
51489 (AA); Shangpa Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54526 (AA), 54969 (AA); Dzung-duei, Champu-
tong, C. W. Wang 66826 (AA); Mienning, Montungshan, 7. T. Yii 17809 (AA); North-
western Likiang, Mu-kwa-ze on the Yangtze, R. C. Ching 21563 (AA); South of Chungtien,
Chiao-tou on the Yangtze, K. M. Feng 3086 (AA).
Kweicuow: Sanhoa, Y. Tsiang 6455 (NY); Fan Ching Shan, Steward, Chiao and Cheo
776 (AA, NY, W).
A species characterized by the thick coriaceous leaflets, which are densely
tomentose beneath, and the sessile flowers crowded on the racemosely arranged
branches of the inflorescence. The leaflets are very variable in size and form,
and are not infrequently distinctly lobed and dentate.
15a. Schefflera Delavayi var. ochrascens Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-
Nat. KI. 61: 120. 1924, Symb. Sin. 7: 691. 1933; Metcalf, Jour. Arn. Arb. 12: 271.
1931.
Schefilera discolor Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 7: 318. 1929.
Differs from the typical form in having brown tomentum.
KiancGsi: Lungnan District, Oo Chi Shan, near Lam Uk Village, S. K. Lau 4847 (AA,
W).
KWwaAnGtuNnG: Cha Uen Shan, Hoh Pa Tsz, PF. A. McClure LU13773 (isotype of S. dis-
color Merr., AA, LU, NY); Bei Shan, W. Y. Chun 5672 (AA); Lochang Hsien, Hwan-kun,
near Jui-feng, Y. Tsiang 1335 (AA); Lochang Hsien, Chong Uen Shan, near Kau Fung,
W. T. Tsang 20619 (AA), 20699 (NY, W).
YuNNAN: North of Yunnanfu near Schin Lung, C. Schneider 314 (AA); inter vicos
Dsaodjidjing et Hwahung ad or. fluminis Dsolin-ho, Handel-Maszzetti 4994 (1sotypE, AA),
Sept. 8, 1914.
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 29
16. Schefflera Wardii Marquand & Shaw, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 48: 186. 1929.
A shrub 2-3 m. tall, with large 3—5-foliolate leaves, the leaflets ovate-oblong,
remotely serrate and tomentose beneath, and with a large tomentose panicle, the
flowers racemosely arranged on the lateral branches. Leaves long-petiolate ;
petioles terete, tomentose to glabrescent, 50 cm. long ; leaflets coriaceous, glabrous
above, densely stellate-tomentose beneath (tomentum light brown), ovate-oblong,
20-35 cm. long, 10-15 cm. wide, the apex broadly acuminate, the base rounded,
the margins remotely serrate toward the upper part, the lateral nerves 10-14 on
each side, the nerves and tertiary veins impressed above, projecting beneath ;
petiolules 3-17 cm. long, tomentose to glabrescent. Inflorescence a large panicle,
densely white-tomentose, the flowers small, racemosely arranged on the lateral
branches, the branches to 18 cm. long, tomentose, the bracts ovate-oblong, acute,
1.3 cm. long; pedicels 3 mm. long, slender, tomentose, the bracteoles triangular,
2 mm. or less long. Calyx densely tomentose, distinctly 5-dentate. Petals 5,
densely tomentose without, glabrous within, 1.5-2 mm. long. Stamens 5, the
filaments shorter than the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles connate
into a column. Fruits unknown.
YUNNAN: Salwin-Kiukiang Divide, Muchielung, 7. T. Yii 21034 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Tibet.
A very distinct species, related to S. Delavayi (Franch.) Harms in the dense
tomentum on the lower surface of the leaves and on the inflorescence, but differing
by the serrate leaflets, with the veins impressed above, the pedicellate flowers,
and the densely tomentose petals.
17. Schefflera shweliensis W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 65. 1917, 17: 173,
283. 1930.
A shrub 3-10 m. tall, with 7—11-foliolate leaves, oblanceolate long-acuminate
leaflets, and large terminal panicles, with the flowers racemosely arranged on the
branches. Leaves 7—11-foliolate, sometimes fewer, petiolate; petioles terete,
glabrous, to 24 cm. long; leaflets very short-petiolulate, coriaceous, glabrous, dark
green above, pale beneath, narrowly oblanceolate, to 15 cm. long and 4 cm. wide,
the apex long-acuminate, the base narrowly cuneate, the margins entire, the
lateral nerves 7-9 on both sides, hardly conspicuous, the tertiary veins obscure ;
petiolules glabrous, scarcely over 1 cm. long. Inflorescence terminal, about 20-
40 cm. long, paniculate at the base, racemose at the apex, white-tomentose at
first, soon glabrescent, the bracts triangular, to 5 mm. long; pedicels 5 mm. long,
tomentose, the bracteoles small, triangular. Calyx tomentose to glabrescent, 5-
dentate, the teeth acute. Petals 5, glabrous on both surfaces, 2 mm. long.
Stamens 5, the filaments about the same length as the petals. Ovary 5-celled,
the disk flat, the styles united into a column, the stigmas capitate. Fruit globose,
5-celled, about 5 mm. across, indistinctly 5-angular, the disk at the top 2 mm.
across, the style-column 1.5 mm. long, the stigmas capitate.
YuNNAN: No precise locality, Forrest 11814 (NY); West of the Mekong, en route
from Pingpo to Youngchang and Tengyueh, Salween watershed, J. '. Rock 7018 (AA, W);
Shweli River drainage basin to summit of Shweli-Salween watershed east of Tengyueh,
J. F. Rock 7639 (AA, W); Lung-ling Hsien, H..T. Tsai 54518 (AA); Chenkang Hsien,
C. W. Wang 72319 (AA); Tengtehwang, T. T. Yu 20000 (AA); Mien-ning, Poshan, T. T.
Yu 17940 (AA); Taron-Taru Divide, Tehgai, T. T. Yii 20980 (AA); no precise locality,
M. K. Li 2189 (AA).
A species characterized by its coriaceous, oblanceolate, long-acuminate, very
short-petiolulate leaflets.
18. Schefflera multinervia sp. nov.
Arbor circa 8 m. alta. Foliis 5-foliolatis petiolatis; petiolis teretibus glabris
8-12 cm. vel ultra longis; foliolis petiolulatis coriaceis glabris, supra nitidis,
subtus glaucis, oblongo-lanceolatis, subaequalibus, circa 15-17 cm. longis, 5—5.5
30 SARGENTIA [2
cm. latis, apice acutis, basi late cuneatis, margine integris, nervis lateralibus
utrinsecus 16-22 obliquis, utrinque perspicuis, venis tertiariis utrinque obscuris;
petiolulis glabris subaequalibus, 1-2 cm. longis. Inflorescentiis magnis confertis
paniculatis, paniculis 25 cm. vel ultra longis, ferrugineo-pubescentibus vel gla-
brescentibus, ramulis inferioribus compositis ad 20 cm. vel ultra longis, bracteis
triangularibus minimis 0.5 mm. longis. Calyce sparse puberulo vel glabro, 5-
dentato. Petalis 5, in specimine typico nigris, fide collectoris caeruleis, extus
parcissime pubescentibus vel pro more glabris, 2 mm. longis. Staminibus 5.
Ovario 5-loculari, disco plano, stylis in columnam connatis. Fructu ignoto.
YuNNAN: Che-tse-lo, H. T. Tsai 58437 (typr, AA), Sept. 9, 1934.
A species related to Schefflera dumicola W. W. Smith and S. Hoi (Dunn)
Viguier, from both of which it may be distinguished by the large number of
obliquely and compactly arranged lateral veins of the leaflets.
19. Schefflera dumicola W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 12: 221, 1920, 14: 328,
368, 370. 1924, 17: 178. 1930; Hand-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 691. 1933.
Schefflera stenomera Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. Kl. 61: 119. 1924.
A shrub 4-6 m. tall, with 5—9-foliolate leaves, the leaflets oblong, acuminate,
and with paniculate inflorescences, the flowers racemosely arranged on the
branches, the lower branches mostly compound. Petioles terete, slender, gla-
brous, 15-40 cm. long; leaflets chartaceous, glabrous, dark green above, glaucous
beneath, narrow-oblong to lanceolate, 15-24 cm. long, 4-5 cm. wide, the apex
acuminate, the base cuneate, the margins entire, the lateral nerves 12-20 on each
side, not prominent; petiolules 1.5-4.5 cm. long. Inflorescence a panicle about
40 cm. long, the flowers racemosely arranged on the branches, the lower branches
mostly compound, the branches stellate-tomentose to glabrescent, the bracts small,
triangular, to 5 mm. long, the pedicels 4 mm. long, tomentose. Calyx glabrous
to sparsely tomentose, inconspicuously 5-dentate. Petals 5, glabrous on both
surfaces, 2 mm. long, reflexed. Stamens 5, the filaments about the same length
as the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles united into a column, the
stigmas slightly capitate. Fruit globose, 4-5 mm. across, the disk 2 mm. across,
the style-column 2 mm. long, the stigmas capitate.
SZECHUAN: Molien, C. Schneider 1417 (AA) (sterile).
SIKANG: No precise locality, C. W. Wang 66184 (AA).
Yunnan: No precise locality, Forrest s.n. (NY); Chien-chuan-Mekong divide, Forrest
22328 (AA, W); Lan-ping Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54075 (AA); Wei-si Hsien, C. W. Wang
66718 (AA); Salween Valley, Banhanlo, T. T. Yii 23116 (AA); Northwestern Likiang,
Tsze-kou on the Yangtze, R. C. Ching 21439 (AA); south of Chungtien, Chiao-tou on the
Yangtze River bank, K. M. Feng 3111 (AA).
This species can be distinguished from its allies especially by its narrowly ob-
long to lanceolate leaflets, which are usually 4-5 times as long as broad. The
reduction of Schefflera stenomera Hand.-Maz. was made by Handel-Mazzetti.
20. Schefflera Hoi (Dunn) Viguier, Ann. Sci. Nat. IX. Bot. 9: 333. 1909.
Heptapleurum Hoi Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 35: 498. 1903.
Scheffllera salweenensis W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 10: 64. 1917, 14: 208.
1924, syn. nov.
A small tree, 5-12 m. in height, with 3—7-foliolate leaves, the leaflets oblong to
oblanceolate, and with large terminal panicles, the flowers racemosely arranged
on the lateral branches, the lower ones sometimes compound. Leaves petiolate ;
petioles terete, glabrous, 10-30 cm. long; leaflets subcoriaceous, petiolulate,
glabrous above, glaucous beneath, oblong to oblanceolate, 5-18 cm. long, 2.5—7
cm. wide, the apex acute to acuminate, the base rounded to cuneate, the margins
entire, sometimes revolute, the lateral nerves 8-12 on each side, manifest above,
projecting beneath; petiolules glabrous, 1-5 cm. long. Inflorescence a large ter-
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 31
minal panicle, 40-50 cm. long, ferruginous-tomentose to glabrescent, the flowers
racemosely arranged on the lateral branches, the branches to 15 cm. long, the
lower ones sometimes compound, ferruginous-tomentose, the bracts triangular,
to 5 mm. long, the pedicels 2-3 mm. long, ferruginous-tomentose, the bracteoles
small, pointed, less than 1 mm. long. Calyx sparsely ferruginous-tomentose to
white-tomentose, inconspicuously 5-dentate. Petals 5, glabrous on both surfaces,
1.5-2 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments about the same length as the petals.
Ovary 5-celled, the disk flat, the styles connate into a column, the stigmas indis-
tinct. Fruit globose, glabrous, 4-5 mm. across, inconspicuously 5-angular, the
disk 2 mm. across, the style-column 1.5 mm. long, the stigmas capitate, distinct.
YUNNAN: South of Red River, Henry 9723 (1sotypE, NY); Mengtze, Henry 13462
(AA, NY); Mount Kenyichunpo and region of Champutong, Salween-Irrawadi watershed,
J. F. Rock 11632 (AA, W); Shang-pa Hsien, H. T. Tsai 54378 (AA), 54451 (AA),
54948 (AA), 56550 (AA), 59033 (AA); Ping-pien Hsien, H. T. Tsai 61693 (AA); We-si
Hsien, H. T. Tsai 59589 (AA); Champutung, Chi-na-tung, C. W. Wang 66603 (AA) ;
Champutung, Shi-gi-tung, C. W. Wang 67162 (AA); Kinkiang Valley, East of Monting,
T. T. Yu 20203 (AA); South of Chungtien, Wo-tso on the Yangtze River bank, K. M. Feng
3279 (AA).
The leaves of this species are not constant in shape, with variations in the base
and apex as indicated in the description above. I consider that S. salweenensis
W. W. Smith is merely a form with oblanceolate leaflets.
20a. Scheflera Hoi var. macrophylla var. nov.
A typo foliis majoribus recedit.
Differs from the species in the larger size of the leaves. Leaves 5-foliolate ;
petioles terete, glabrous, 55 cm. long; leaflets oblanceolate, 30 cm. long, 10 cm.
wide, the apex short-acuminate, the base attenuate, the margins entire, the lateral
nerves 12-20 on each side.
YUNNAN: Der-la, Cham-pu-tung, C. W. Wang 66751 (typr, AA), Oct. 1935.
Fig. 4. Schefflera glomerulata; 1. leaf, X 4%; 2. portion of inflorescence, X 14; 3. por-
tion of infructescence, X 14; 4. longitudinal section of flower, X 6; 5. fruit, X 4.
32 SARGENTIA [2
21. Schefflera glomerulata sp. nov. Fig. 4.
Arbor parva 6-7 m. alta. Foliis 3-5-foliolatis, petiolatis; foliolis petiolulatis
coriaceis glabris, supra nitidis, subtus pallidis, obovato-ellipticis, 8-15 cm. longis,
3-7 cm. latis, apice obtusis vel acutis, basi cuneatis, margine integris revolutis,
nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8, nervis atque venis tertiariis prominentibus,
utrinque perspicuis; petiolulis 1.5-5 cm. longis glabris. Inflorescentiis terminali-
bus paniculatis, 15-20 cm. longis, tomentosis vel glabrescentibus, bracteis caducis,
floribus parvis sessilibus ad 5 in glomerulo quove, pedunculis tomentosis fultis
3 mm. longis, bracteolis caducis. Calyce glabro, margine integro vel subintegro.
Petalis 5 tenuibus, utrinque glabris, 1.5 mm. longis. Staminibus 5, filamentis
petalorum longitudinem aequantibus. Ovario 5-loculari, disco subelevato, stig-
matibus 5 sessilibus. Fructu elongato ovoideo, 5 mm. longo, 3 mm. crasso,
manifeste pentagono, sessili vel subsessili, pedicellis circa 1 mm. longis fultis, disco
conico acutato pentagono, 44 longitudinis fructus aequante.
Yunnan: No precise locality, H. T. Tsai 60037A (tyre, AA); Ping-pien Hsien, H. T.
Tsai 55347 (AA), 60278 (AA), 60342 (AA) (fruit).
Kweicuow: Do-wan, Chenfeng, S. W. Teng 90830 (AA).
Kwancst: Bako Shan, western Poseh, R. C. Ching 7463 (LU, NY).
This species is characterized by its sessile glomerulate flowers, short peduncles,
and the sessile or subsessile, elongated and pointed fruits. It is apparently close
to Schefflera pauciflora Viguier, an Indo-Chinese species, differing mainly in the
longer peduncles in fruit.
22. Schefflera tenuis sp. nov.
Frutex ad 3 m. altus. Foliis 3—-5-foliolatis brevipetiolatis; petiolis teretibus
glabris 3-6.5 cm. longis; foliolis chartaceis glabris, obovato-ellipticis vel ovato-
lanceolatis, 6-10 cm. longis, 1.5-3 cm. latis, pro more ultra medium latioribus,
apice longe acuminatis, basi cuneatis, margine integris, nervis lateralibus utrin-
secus 5, nervis atque venis tertiariis prominentibus utrinque manifestis ; petiolulis
glabris 0.5-2 cm. longis. Floribus ignotis. Inflorescentiis fructigeris corym-
boso-paniculatis, ramulis circa 5, 8-10 cm. longis, gracilibus, subtomentosis, brac-
teis caducis, fructibus in umbella quave 2-5, pedunculis teretibus 1.5-2 cm.
longis; pedicellis gracilibus glabris circa 8 mm. longis. Fructu globoso glabro,
manifeste glandulari-punctato, exacte pentagono, 4 mm. crasso, disco minimo plus
minusve plano, 4% vel 4% longitudinis fructus aequante.
Yunnan: Kuikiang Valley, Taron, T. T. Yii 19475 (type, AA), July 27, 1938.
A species characterized by the delicate and slender corymbose-paniculate in-
florescence and the very small almost indistinct disk on the fruit. The leaflets
resemble those of Schefflera kwangsiensis Merr. but differ in being generally
broader above the middle and longer acuminate.
23. Schefflera yunnanensis sp. nov.
Sche fflera elliptica sensu Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 691. 1933, pro parte, non Harms.
Frutex scandens, 3-10 m. longus, epiphyticus. Foliis 5-foliolatis breviter petio-
latis; petiolis teretibus glabris 5-6 cm. longis; foliolis coriaceis, supra glabris,
subtus glaucis, obovato-oblongis vel ovatis, 5.5 cm. longis, 2.5-3 cm. latis, apice
acuminatis, basi late cuneatis vel rotundatis, margine integris, nervis lateralibus
utrinsecus 5-6, nervis atque venis tertiariis utrinque prominentibus; petiolulis
glabris inaequalibus, infimis brevissimis, 2-3 cm. longis, medianis 1.5 cm. longis,
intermediis. Floribus ignotis. Inflorescentiis corymboso-paniculatis, ramulis 3—
4, fructigeris ad 8 cm. longis, sparse tomentosis, fructibus umbellatis 2-7, umbellis
racemose secus ramulos dispositis, pedunculis subtomentosis 7 mm. longis; pedi-
cellis parce tomentosis circa 7 mm. longis. Fructu ovoideo pentagono glandulari-
punctato, 4 mm. longo, 2.5 mm. magno, disco conico, 4% longitudinis fructus
aequante, stigmatibus sessilibus.
1942} , LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 33
Yunnan: No precise locality, Forrest 14881 (NY); Tsarong, Salwin-Kiukiang Divide,
Northwest of Si-chi-to, Forrest 21624 (type, AA, isotype, W [as 21642]) ; inter vicos Tji-
ontson et Pipito ad fluvium Lu-djang (Salween) infra Tschemutong, Handel-Mazzetti 9833
(AA).
A species very near Schefflera tenuis Li and S. kwangsiensis Merr., differing
from the former in the stouter and shorter peduncles and pedicels, the less
acuminate leaflets, and the larger disk of the fruit, and from the latter in its
epiphytic habit, obovate leaflets, short petioles, unequal petiolules, and smaller
fruits.
24. Schefflera arboricola Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 6: 23, in syn. 1916; Merr. Lingnan Sci.
Jour. 5: 139. 1927.
Heptapleurum arboricolum Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 6: 23. t. 4. 1916.
A shrub, sometimes scandent, about 3-4 m. tall, with 7-9-foliolate leaves, the
leaflets glabrous, ovate-oblong, obtuse to acute, sometimes emarginate, the flowers
in umbels, racemosely arranged on the lateral branches of a terminal panicle.
Leaves petiolate ; petioles slender, terete, glabrous, 12-15 cm. long; leaflets petio-
lulate, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above, pale green beneath, obovate-oblong,
about 9 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, the apex obtuse to acute, sometimes emarginate,
the base obtuse, the margins entire, the lateral nerves 5 or 6 on each side, the
nerves and tertiary veins more or less projecting and distinct on both surfaces ;
petiolules glabrous, 2-4 cm. long. Inflorescence a terminal panicle, slightly
tomentose to glabrescent, about 20 cm. long, the flowers in umbels, these race-
mosely arranged on the lateral branches; bracts present in bud, large, ovate, to
1.5 cm. long, densely tomentose, soon caducous ; peduncles short, 5 mm. long,
with caducous bracteoles; umbels 5-10-flowered, 0.7-1 cm. in diameter, the
pedicels 5-8 mm. long. Calyx glabrous, the margin entire to obscurely dentate.
Petals 5, glabrous on both surfaces, 2.5 mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments about
as long as the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk slightly elevated, the stigmas >,
sessile. Fruits ovoid, glandular-punctate when young, 5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide,
distinctly 5-angular, the disk conical, about the length of the fruit.
Hanan: Near Shui-mun, F. A. McClure 9596A (AA, NY), 9596B (NY); Tan-chow
District, Mei Yuen Tsuen, W. T. Tsang 795 = LU16294 (AA, NY, W); Ngai District, Nan
Shan Ling, S. K. Lau 350 (AA, W); Ching Mai District, Pak Shik Ling, Ku Tung Village,
C. I. Lei 187 (AA, NY); Yaichow, H. Y. Liang 63057 (NY), 63435 (AA); no precise
locality, C. Wang 34518 (AA, NY, W), 34622 (NY), 55038 (AA, NY); Liamin, J. L.
Gressitt 1182 (AA); Poting, F. C. How 72765 (AA), 73229 (AA), 73535 (AA).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION : Formosa.
A species closely related to Schefflera venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Harms, from
which it can be distinguished by the 7—9-foliolate leaves, the generally obovate-
oblong leaflets, the shorter peduncles and longer pedicels, and the smaller disk of
the fruits.
25. Schefflera kwangsiensis Merrill in herb. sp. nov.
Frutex 2 m. altus. Foliis 5—7-foliolatis petiolatis; petiolis gracilibus teretibus
glabris, 6-12 cm. longis; foliolis coriaceis glabris petiolulatis, oblongo-lanceolatis,
plus minusve inter se aequalibus, 5-12 cm. longis, 2—4 cm. latis, apice acuminatis,
basi cuneatis, margine integris revolutis, venis lateralibus utrinsecus ad 5 ad-
scendentibus, nervis venisque tertiariis manifestis utrinque prominentibus ; petio-
lulis subaequalibus glabris gracilibus 2.5 cm. longis. Inflorescentiis terminalibus
parvis paniculatis, circa 12 cm. longis, tomentellis vel glabrescentibus, plus minusve
corymbosis, ramulis 2-3 circa 7 cm. longis, bracteis caducis, floribus umbellatis
racemose dispositis, pedunculis 1-1.5 cm. longis subtomentosis, bracteolis caducis,
umbellis circiter 8-floris 1 cm. latis; pedicellis 5 mm. longis tomentellis. Calyce
brevi et lato, glabro vel sparse tomentoso, 1 mm. longo. Petalis 5 utrinque
glabris, circa 2 mm. longis. Staminibus 5, filamentis 3.5 mm. longis. Ovario
34 SARGENTIA - [2
5-loculari, disco subelevato, stigmatibus 5 sessilibus. Fructibus ovoideis glabris,
circa 7 mm. longis et 5 mm. crassis, perspicue pentagonis, disco conico 5-mero,
14 longitudinis fructus aequante, stigmatibus sessilibus.
Kwancsi: Sui-luk District, southwest of Nanning, Mountains surrounding Pa Lan
Village, W. T. Tsang 21788 (typr, AA), Feb. 21-30, 1933; Shang-sze District, Shih Wan
Tai Shan, near Ping Hoh Village, W. T. Tsang 22088 (AA) (fruit) ; Shang-sze District,
Shih Wan Tai Shan, near Iu Shan Village, W. T. Tsang 22177 (AA) (fruit).
Kwanctunc: McClure Y124 = LU18592 (NY), cultivated in Lingnan University
Garden.
A species allied to Sche fflera venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Harms and S. arbori-
cola Hay. It differs from both in being a lower and more slender shrub with
acuminate leaflets. McClure Y124 is from a cultivated specimen, its origin
unknown. It has narrower leaflets, but probably belongs here.
26. Schefflera fukienensis Merr. Sunyatsenia 3: 255. 1937,
A scandent shrub with 3-foliolate leaves, the leaflets elliptic, and with terminal
panicles, the flowers in umbels, racemosely arranged on the branches. Leaves
long-petiolate ; petioles glabrous, terete, 12-14 cm. long; leaflets petiolulate, sub-
coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, elliptic, 7-9 cm. long, 4.5-5.5 cm. wide,
the apex short-acute, the base broadly acute to rounded, the margins entire,
slightly revolute, the lateral nerves about 5 on each side, the nerves and tertiary
veins distinct on both surfaces; petiolules uneven, the lateral ones 10-12 mm.
long, the median ones 4 cm. long. Inflorescence in terminal, loose panicles, about
15 cm. long, the branches oblique, the lower ones to 8 cm. long, the flowers in
umbels, these racemosely arranged, 6—10-flowered, about 7-8 mm. in diameter,
the peduncles 1 cm. long, the pedicels about 2 mm. long. Calyx glabrous, the
margin slightly dentate. Petals 5, ovate, acute, glabrous on both surfaces, 1.6
mm. long. Stamens 5, the filaments about the same length as the petals. Ovary
5-celled, rarely 6-celled.
FukIEN: Without precise locality, H. H. Chung 6157 (nototyrr, NY).
Known from the original collection only. Very near to S. venulosa (Wight
& Arn.) Harms, which is a species of wide distribution in southwestern China.
The leaves of S. fukienensis differ from those of the latter in being all 3-foliolate,
and with generally shorter and broader leaflets. More material from Fukien
and Kwangtung is desirable to define the relationships of these two species.
27. Schefflera venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
3(8): 39. 1894; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 186. 1924.
Paratropia venulosa Wight & Arn. Prodr. 1: 377. 1834; Walp. Rep. 2: 433. 1843; Wight,
Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: t. 118. 1850.
Heptapleurum venulosum Seem. Jour. Bot. 3: 80. 1865, Revis. Heder. 44. 1868; C. B.
Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 729. 1879; Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 454.
1911; W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. Gard. Edinb. 17: 295. 1930.
Heptapleurum Cavalerieri Lévl. Rep. Sp. Nov. 9: 326. 1911, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 35. 1914.
Schefflera elliptica sensu Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 691. 1933, pro parte; Rehder, Jour.
Arn. Arb. 15: 114. 1934; non Harms.
A shrub, sometimes scandent and occasionally epiphytic, with 5—7-foliolate
leaves, the leaflets elliptic and acute, and with large terminal panicles, the flowers
in umbels, racemosely arranged on the lateral branches. Leaves 5- rarely 7-
foliolate, petiolate ; petioles glabrous, terete, 10-12 cm. long; leaflets petiolulate,
coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, elliptic, 7-15 cm. long, 3-10 cm. wide, the
apex obtuse, acute, or more rarely acuminate, the base rounded to attenuate, the
margins entire, slightly revolute, the lateral nerves 4 or 5 on each side, the nerves
and tertiary veins distinct on both surfaces; petiolules 1.5-6 cm. long, the lateral
ones shorter. Inflorescence in terminal loose panicles, slightly tomentose, soon
1942] LI, THE ARALIACEAE OF CHINA 35
glabrous, 10-20 cm. long ; flowers small, in umbels, these racemosely arranged on
the lateral branches, the bracts triangular, 7 mm. long, soon caducous; peduncles
0.7-1.5 cm. long, with bracts at base, soon caducous, the umbels about 10-flowered,
0.7—1 cm. in diameter, the pedicels 2-3 mm. long. Calyx glabrous, the margin
entire to subentire. Petals 5, thin, glabrous on both surfaces, 2 mm. long.
Stamens 5, the filaments slightly longer than the petals. Ovary 5-celled, the disk
slightly raised, the stigmas 5, sessile. Fruit ovoid, 3-4 mm. long, 5-angular, the
disk conical, 4 the length of the fruit, glandular-punctate when young.
YuNNAN: No precise locality, Forrest 7698 (NY), 9739 (W), 11558 (W), 11873 (NY) ;
eastern flank of the N’Maikha-Salween divide, Forrest 17896 (AA); Mengtze, Henry 9403
(AA, NY), 9403B (AA, NY, W), 9403D (AA, W), 10541 (AA, NY, W), 13044 (AA);
Mengtze, Handel-Maszetti 6047 (AA) ; Mt. Tien-pi-shan, near Puerfu, J. F. Rock 2863 (AA,
W), 2866 (AA, W); between Tengyueh and Lungling, J. F. Rock 7232 (AA, W); Shweli
River basin, East of Tengyueh, J. F. Rock 7851 (W),; Kien-shuei Hsien, H. T. Tsai 53121
(AA), 53252 (AA); Lung-ling Hsien, H. T. Tsai 55034 (AA); Ping-pien Hsien, H. T.
Tsai 60006 (AA); Chen-kan Hsien, C. W. Wang 72847 (AA); Lang-tsang Hsien, C. W.
Wang 76448 (AA); Fo-hai, C. W. Wang 73883 (AA), 74308 (AA), 74911 (AA); Nan-
chiao, C. W. Wang 75152 (AA), 76887 (AA); Che-li Hsien, Sheau-meng-yeang, C. W.
Wang 75571 (AA), 75771 (AA); Shunning, Tehseling, T. T. Yii 16249 (AA); Shunning,
Wen-kwan-kuai, T. T. Yii 16290 (AA); Shunning, Hila, T. T. Vii 16563 (AA); Huaning,
Ta-ko-le, Y. Tsiang and H. Wang 16290 (AA).
KweicHow: Ouest de Lo-fou, riviére de Pia-nai, J. Cavalerie 2658 (holotype of Hepta-
pleurum Cavalerieri Lévl.).
Kwancsr: Sin Shu, R. C. Ching 7327 (NY).
ADDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION: India to Indo-China.
Schefflera venulosa (Wight & Arn.) Harms is considered to be a synonym of
S. elliptica (Bl.) Harms by C. B. Clarke, Handel-Mazzetti, and Rehder, the
type of the latter being from Java (Sciadophyllum ellipticum Bl. Bijdr. 878.
1826). Craib, in his consideration of the Siamese species of Schefflera (FI.
Siam. Enum. 1: 798. 1931), considers that the two species are distinct, and
after comparing our Asiatic and Javan material I am convinced that he is correct.
The Chinese material certainly represents the same species as the Indian form
originally described by Wight and Arnott and as illustrated by Wight. It differs
from the Javan species, S. elliptica, in the numerous umbels which are racemosely
arranged on the elongated 10-15 cm. long panicle branches, while in Javan
material the umbels are few in number and are subcorymbosely arranged on the
rather short panicle branches. The typical form of S. elliptica (Bl.) Harms is
excellently illustrated by Keorders and Valeton, Atlas Baumart. Java 4: t. 688.
1916. |