JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY EDITORIAL BoarD A. C. SMITH, Editor P. C. MANGELSDORF I. W. BAILEY E. D. MERRILL J. H. FAULL H. M. RAUP I. M. JOHNSTON A. REHDER C. E. KOBUSKI K. SAX VOLUME XXII JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS. 1941 Reprinted with the permission of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University KRAUS REPRINT CORPORATION New York 1968 S468 GEC 121968 DATES OF ISSUE . 1-144, 5 pl.) issued January 15, 1941. . 145-296, 9 pl.) issued April 17, 1941. . 297-456, 11 pl.) issued July 15, 1941. . 457-610, 4 pl.) issued October 15, 1941. Printed in U.S.A. ~~ TABLE OF CONTENTS By STUDIES IN THE LAuRACEAE, III. Some CriTICAL AND NEW SPECIES or AsIATIC LINDERA, WITH OccCASIONAL Notes on LITSEA. By GeO eg ewes 6 ose Bx d eee eka nd eawied anteuine Om MCE PLANTAE PAPUANAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V. By E. D. Merrill and L. M. aes ee ee ee err ee ee ee ee ee eee. ee ee a STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PianTs, I. By A.C. Smith .............6.. ApDITIONS TO OuR KNOWLEDGE OF THE Fics oF NEw GuINEA. By PSS MINIT WAVES 50:55 Stk no TERE LE MOREE CHOCO UE EES New PHANEROGAMS FROM Mexico, IV. By Jvan M. Johnston ...... TuE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE, I. ANATOMY oF THE NopE AND INTERNODE. With four plates. By /. WW. Bailey 125 e118 ORD OO Hose 9 Se ee a ee ee ere es so ar A Discussion oF NEW AND CRITICAL SYNONYMY. By Leon Crotzat. . A New GeENus OF FLACOURTIACEAE (PANGIEAE-HYDNOCARPINAE) FROM TROPICAL QUEENSLAND. With one plate. By C. T. White GyYPSOPHILY AMONG MEXICAN Desert PLants. By Ivan M. Johnston Tue CoMPARATIVE MorpoLocY oF THE ICACINACEAE. II. VESSELS. With six plates. By J. W. Bailey and R. A. Howard ............ STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VI. THE GENUS SYMPLOCOCARPON AIRY- HAW,. .by Clarence Li. KGUUSE 4hcctesn ce teens sas oes ee ee 45s 133 143 145 71 MomorpicaA GROSVENORI Sp, Nov. THE SourcE OF THE CHINESE l 197 Lo Han Kuo. With two plates. By Walter T. Swingle ......... New Species oF Matiotus. By Franklin P. Metcalf ............-. RELCHELA PANICOIDES STEUDEL. GRAMINEAE ENDEMICA EN CHILE. Con tina lamina,’ By Carlos unos icuas evawa sv ctva eens as ee555 s HROMOSOME BEHAVIOR IN CATALPA HYBRIDA SPAETH. By E. CHALMERS SIME 65 aS Ree REAR Re Ee BAS CAA AAD RO 204 A Note ON THE DATES OF PUBLICATION OF WIGHT’S “ICONES PLANTA- 222 RUM INDIAE ORIENTALIS.” By E. D. Merrill ...........0000005 LepEeBour’s “Frora Rossica,” “ICONES PLANTARUM NovARUM,” AND “Frora ALTAica,” witH A Note oN PAtLias’ “Frora Rossica.” By Wy ham Tu Stearn. eae aes eee ee ees eae oo ey se Stupies or Papuastan PLaAnTs, I]; By A.C. Sth... 2.0005 cece PLANTAE PAPUANAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VI. By E. D. Merrill and | OR OS 4 4 ren Tra Se eer ee eee ee ee iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Tue 1938-39 ExPEDITION TO THE SNOW MouUNTAINS, NETHERLANDS New GuINEA. With seven plates. By L. J. Brass .............. STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN Piants, III. By A.C. Smith ............. PLANTAE PAPUANAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VII. By E. D. Merrill and Di ee ITY van £6 we hats We E PG ne dete 46 ose BOE ene saree BRASSIANTHA, A NEw GENUS OF HIPPOCRATEACEAE FROM NEW GuInEA. With one plate. By A.C. Smith and I. W. Bailey ...... STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VII. THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CLEYERA. By Clarence E. Kobuskt .......00 0c cececcsees Tue TRIBE PLUKENETIINAE OF THE EUPHORBIACEAE IN EASTERN TROPICAL AGIA. BY LEO CHONG 3 ccudecnreeiaeer cicesseectios THe CoMPaARATIVE MoRPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE. III. Im- PERFORATE TRACHEARY ELEMENTS AND XYLEM PARENCHYMA. With three plates. By J. W. Bailey and R. A. Howard ........... Species Hyprips IN Forest Trees. By £&. Chalmers Smith and CS FUER we shc os ce de teed VERY OSCR ROE RK RE ER RHA A Norte on THE Dates oF ISSUE OF THE FASCICLES COMPRISING Cosson’s “ILLUSTRATIONES FLORAE ATLANTICAE” 1882-1897. By Sy OEE ja Uwe ee Violin eune ace tke Vanek Mex anae es tie ek STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII. A Synopsis oF THE GENUS PREZIERA. BY Cirenee TD O0UEE oc esse wdsaw ne sesukseseees STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN Priants, IV. By A.C. Smith .............. CP PLANTAE PAPUANAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VIII. By E. D. Merrill and . Perry OBSERVATIONS ON OLD WorLD SPECIES OF TURPINIA VENTENAT. By do, 19, CUPS AO Be A PREY hada oe sed ern as adnwner eee da Res THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE IV. Rays oF THE SECONDARY XYLEM. With four plates. By J. W. Bailey and Tl tN nad hk ue SEs Se ARR wa OO a ees New SPECIES, VARIETIES AND COMBINATIONS FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM. By Alfred Rehder .............4-: A New WILLow From F Loripa. With one text-figure. By William 5 A. Murrill and Ernest J. Palmer ... 0... ccc cc ce ce eee ees Tue ARNOLD ARBORETUM DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE Ste Ha eee Ra ee he geet bake ae Renee ea eeang were ene ned BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE PUBLISHED WRITINGS OF THE STAFF AND STU- DENTS, JULY 1, 1940 — JUNE 30, 1941 .. 0... eee eee eee ee STAFF OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM, 1940-1941 ..........0.....000.0. 271 343 RF 395 417 432 443 455 457 497 529 543 556 569 80 582 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM VoL. XXII JANUARY, 1941 NuMBER 1 STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III. SOME CRITICAL AND NEW SPECIES OF ASIATIC LINDERA, WITH OCCASIONAL NOTES ON LITSEA CAROLINE K, ALLEN THE SPECIES treated herein represent only those difficult of recog- nition in the herbarium. No attempt has been made to make a com- plete citation of literature, for this was done in 1932 by Liou.t Only supplementary and later publications have been noted where necessary. The Litsea species included are only incidental in clearing up certain species which have been confused with Lindera. Lindera assamica (Meissn.) Kurz, For. Fl. Brit. Burma 2: 308. 1877; Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 182. 1886; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 125.1952. A perula assamica Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 15': 240. 1864, p.p. DIsTRIBUTION: India. Lindera assamica, as well as L. Meissneri, has been reported from China. Liou even described a variety of the latter, var. kwang- tungensis from the province of Kwangtung. Closely related is Lindera annamensis Liou from French Indo-China. Lindera assamica, as in- terpreted by King, according to Hooker f., I.c., is based on Jenkins 1171, from Bhotan, and has large elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic membranaceous leaves up to 15 cm. long, with prominent reticulation on the upper surface. The inflorescences are numerous on slender peduncles, the branchlets as well as the leaves beneath are rusty- or tawny-hirsute and pubescent (fide Hooker f., l.c.). Jenkins 124 (Hooker states that this number is erroneously credited to Jenkins), the second specimen on which Meissner based A perula assamica, is not the latter but L. Meissneri King 1Liou, Ho, Lauracées de Chine et d’Indochine. Paris, 1932. 2 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII in Hook. f. The material from China does not belong in this species. It has leaves which are far more coriaceous, and inflorescences which are borne on stouter peduncles. There is not the fragile, delicate appear- ance in the Chinese specimens that one notes at once in the Indian. Lindera Meissneri King in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 182. 1886; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch, 126. 1932. A perula assamica Meissner in DC. Prodr. 15: 240. 1864, p.p. DISTRIBUTION: India. The leaves of the above are never more than 9 cm. long, and are caudate-acuminate, dark, glabrous, shining above, and borne on more slender petioles than those of Lindera assamica. The inflorescences are smaller and the branchlets are smooth. Again, the Chinese material is no match for the species, for the same reason that it must be kept apart from L. assamica, i.e., the specimens are heavier and coarser. Lindera Meissneri King f. lenticellata Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 126. 1932. DistRIBUTION: French Indo-China. Liou described this variety from Tonkin as differing from the type in having its branchlets covered with lenticels, and its leaf-blades smaller and finely long-acuminate. With the types of both the species and variety at hand, the differences appear to be the numerous lenticels present on the branchlets of the variety, the more coriaceous leaves, the upper surface of which is opaque as opposed to the shining upper surface of the leaves of the species. The size of the leaves as well as their caudate- acuminate tips scarcely varies between the species and the variety. Many specimens from Yunnan have the lenticels but the leaves are shining above and not as dark as those of Liou’s variety. These former will be taken up later. The type of the following species (Liou’s var. kwang- tungensis) has lenticels on the branchlets, though not as plentifully as in the variety lenticellata,. Lindera kwangtungensis (Liou), comb. nov. Lindera Meissneri King f. kwangtungensis Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch, 126. 1932, Arbor 6-20 m. alta, ramulis teretibus, junioribus angulatis striatis lenticellatis minute pubescentibus. Folia alterna, lanceolata vel lanceo- lato-elliptica, subcoriacea, 5-10 cm. longa et 1.5—3 cm. lata, obtusa, acuta vel acuminata, ad basim acuta, utrinque glabra, conspicue reticu- lata, supra opaca, subtus glaucissima, penninervia, nervis 4—8-jugis, utrinque plerumque inconspicuis, costa subtus conspicue elevata, fusca, 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III 3 petiolo 7-10 mm. longo, glabro. Inflorescentiae ¢ umbellae numerosae ad apicem ramulorum aggregatae, sessiles brevi-pedunculataeve, axillares vel in ramulis brevibus subterminales, pedunculatae, pedunculis, 12—20 mm. longis gracilibus adpresse pubescentibus. Flores 4-9, + 3 mm. longi, pedicellis tenuibus 5-6 mm. longis adpresse pubescentibus, lobis 6 sparse pubescentibus ellipticis, staminibus 9, 3 interioribus bi-glandu- losis. Fructus subglobosus, 5-6 mm. diam., apiculatus, glaber, viridi- nigrescens, disco 2—3 mm. lato, pedicello 4-6 mm. longo crasso rugoso. DISTRIBUTION: southeastern China (Kwangtung, Hainan, Kwangsi). Kwanctunc: S.P. Ko 50170 (typt of L. Meissneri kwangtungensis, 6, NY). Hartnan: F.C. How 73449; H. Y. Liang 63521, 64753; N. K. Chung & C. L. Tso 44341. Kwancsi: C. Wang 40694; W. T. Tsang 24307 (possibly ). This variety seems worthy of specific rank, since the differences are more than the smaller leaves and the nerves less, salient below, which Liou gives as the distinguishing characters. The leaves are more coriaceous than those of the species, their reticulation more conspicuous, the under surface more glaucous, the upper surface opaque instead of shining, and the inflorescence longer and less slender than in the species. There seem to be no short shoots bearing inflorescences as is typical in the variety and the branchlets of the latter are somewhat lenticellate. Lindera kwangtungensis (Liou) Allen f. robusta, f. nov. A typo differt foliis majoribus, late ellipticis, abruptius acuminatis, ad basim attenuatis, petiolis ad 2 cm. longis, crassis. DISTRIBUTION: southeastern China (Hainan). Hainan: Chim Fung Mt., near Sha Mo Kwat Village Kan-en Dis- trict, S. K. Lau 5083 (type é&, AA), fairly common, height 14 m., diam. 27 cm., flower yellow; V. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 44340, pp. (fruit, AA), 43871, 44101, 44170, 44329; H. Y. Liang 63379, 64528 ; L. Tang 444; C. Wang 35922. The form differs from the species in having leaves up to 12 cm. long and broadly elliptic, more abruptly acuminate, and more attenuate at the base, with stouter petioles up to 2 cm. long. The flowers of the 9 inflorescence are very densely pubescent. The original sheet labeled Chun & Tso 44340 consisted of two entities — Lindera kwangtungensis and a species of Linociera. Lindera Metcalfiana, spec. nov. Arbor vel frutex 3-12 m. altus, ramulis teretibus, junioribus plus 4 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII minusve angulatis striatis rubro-brunnescentibus glabris. Folia alterna, elliptica, membranacea, 9-14 cm. longa et 3-4 cm. lata, acuminatissima caudatave, saepe bilente: ad basim acuta, glabra, utrinque reticulata, opaca, supra viridiscentia, subtus plus minusve glauca, penninervia, nervis 8—10-jugis, supra impressis, subtus elevatis, rubescentibus, petiolo 10-12 mm. longo, glabro. Umbellae ¢ paucae vel solitariae, axillares, pedunculatae, bracteis glabris deciduis, pedunculis 7-15 mm. longis tenuibus glabrescentibus. Flores 5-10, pubescentes, virides (fide col- lectoris ), pedicellis 3—5 mm. longis minute pubescentibus, lobis 6 oblongo- ovatis sparse pubescentibus, staminibus 9, 3 interioribus bi-glandulosis. Fructus globosus + 6 mm. diam., nigrescens, disco parvo pubescente 3—4 mm. lato leviter dentato ciliato, pedicello + 6 mm. longo, crasso. Umbellae @ ignotae. DISTRIBUTION: southeastern China. (Hainan, Kwangtung, Kwangsi). HaAINAN: C. Wang 36163 (typr, AA), January 6, 1934, tree 12 m. high, diam. 4 m., in mixed woods, fl. green, 35720, 36156; H. Y. Liang 63464; S.K. Lau 5216; N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 44044. KWANGTUNG: Wang & Ling for W. Y. Chun 7405, 7376; YV. Tsiang 798; C.C. C. (under direction of Levine) 3087. Kwanest: R. C. Ching 8198; S. K. Lau 28746 The species belongs in the group with the preceding species, but is distinct from them. It has the membranaceous leaves (which appear rather thicker in the fruiting specimen, as is to be expected), with reticulations similar to but not as distinct as those of L. Meissneri. Nor are the leaves shining above, nor quite as glaucous below, and they are more caudate than those of the latter. Wang & Ling 7376 and C. C.C. 3087, from Kwangtung, have leaves approaching a coriaceous texture and more prominently reticulate than the specimens cited above. In this respect, they suggest the succeeding species from western China, though for the present they will be left as L. Metcalfiana, presumably their nearest relative. The following numbers collected by H. T. Tsai in Yunnan are prob- ably specimens of very young flowers. The buds are advanced enough to show the anthers with the unmistakable two locules. The affinity is with ZL. Metcalfiana from Kwangtung and Hainan, though there are a few differences noted. The branchlets and veins are less reddish in the Yunnan material. The leaves are shorter, usually, and broader, and in some instances the glaucescence of the underleaf surface is not as apparent as in the Hainan specimens. The individuals from Yunnan are in too young a state to enable satisfactory dissection which might produce further differentiating characters, so for the time being they 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III 5 will be included with L. Metcalfiana. YUNNAN: H. T. Tsai 51556, 51634, 51674, 51683. The above is named for Dr. Franklin P. Metcalf, Curator of the Herbarium of Lingnan University and a keen student of the flora of southeastern China. Lindera dictyophylla, spec. nov. Arbor 2.5—9 mm. alta, ramulis teretibus, junioribus plerumque angu- latis striatis, rubro-brunnescentibus glabrescentibus. Folia alterna, lanceolata, 8-13 cm. longa et 2.5-3.5—-(4) cm. lata, coriacea, attenuate acuta vel acuminata, basi acuta, glabra, utrinque crasse reticulata, supra plus minusve nitida, viridiscentia, subtus glauca, penninervia, nervis 5-8-jugis supra impressis subtus elevatis brunnescentibus, petiolo 6—12 mm. longo pubescente vel glabrescente. Inflorescentiae ¢ sessiles vel brevipedunculatae. Umbellae usque 5, axillares, pedunculatae, bracteis deciduis, pedunculis 5-7 mm. longis paullo crassis pubescentibus. Flores 10-12, pubescentes, flavo-albi (fide collectoris), brevi-pedicellati, lobis 6 oblongis utrinque pubescentibus, staminibus 9 leviter exsertis, 3 interioribus bi-glandulosis. Umbellae @ 2-4, axillares, pedunculatae, bracteis deciduis, pedunculis 5—6 mm. longis paullo crassis, pubescenti- bus. Flores 10-12, pubescentes, viridi-albi (fide collectoris), brevi- pedicellati, lobis 6 ovatis, staminodiis 9, 3 interioribus bi-glandulosis. Fructus globosus, + 6 mm. diam., viridescenti-purpurascens (fide col- lectoris), disco parvo pubescente 3-4 mm. lato leviter dentato-ciliato, pedicello + 5 mm. longo crasso pubescente. DISTRIBUTION: western China (Yunnan). YUNNAN: Shun-Ning Hsien, C. W. Wang 71835 (type 6, AA), mountain slope, February 1936, alt. 2800 m., flower yellowish-white ; C. W. Wang 71992, same locality and date, alt. 2700 m., flower greenish- white (2, AA); Fo-Hai, C. W. Wang 77395, alt. 2000 m., fruit green to purple, aromatic (AA); C. W. Wang 74186, 76276, 78273; H.T. Tsai 51924, G. Forrest 9562, 9674, 26204, 26212. Forrest 26212 has more uniformly larger leaves than most of the Wang numbers. In number 9674 the leaves are more elliptic than lanceolate. In number 26204 the tendency is toward a more leafy branch with the leaves smaller and distinctly elliptic. Number 9562 is also more leafy with smaller leaves, ovate rather than lanceolate. These data are noted here to indicate the extreme variability of the species. The following specimens are very leafy. The mature leaves are shining, dark brown above and paler below, varying in size and shape on the same branch, lanceolate to elliptic. The very young leaves and 6 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx branchlets are clothed in golden brown, closely appressed pubescence which is early deciduous. The color of the leaves in the entire Tsai collection means nothing, for it is apparent that the specimens were dried artificially and burned in the process, in some cases very severely. Yunnan: H. T. Tsai 56351, 56760, 56794, 56801, 56809, 56869, 56876, 56877. In this complex from Yunnan, there appear to be about three entities, where the leaves are coriaceous, mostly shining above and extremely reticulate, usually glaucous below. There is a great temptation to describe three separate species, because of the fact that the groups of specimens seem to be so very different. Close study reveals the im- possibility of separating any of them on good characters that do not vary. Such characters as leaves shining above, and glaucous below, for example, altitude, season of collection, and conditions of drying the specimens undoubtedly play an important part in modifying these characters. Since in this group glaucescence is determined apparently by the state of the minute exudations from each cell of the lower leaf epidermis, it is easy to understand that the natural appearance of the leaf might be changed easily by any one of the factors mentioned above. The following numbers mostly from Yunnan, show smaller leaves, more variable in size than those cited under the species. There seems to be a trend toward more numerous inflorescences per branch, the upper surface more or less shining, the under glaucous. YUNNAN: A. Henry 12822, 12822 A,B,C, 13285; G. Forrest 9525; H. T. Tsai 51557; C. W. Wang 78378. Kwanosit: A.N. Steward & H.C. Cheo 133. Lindera longipedunculata, spec. nov. Frutex 3-6 m. altus, ramulis teretibus, junioribus angulatis striatis rubescentibus vel brunnescentibus glabris. Folia alterna, elliptica, sub- coriacea, 8-15 cm. longa, et 3—5 cm. lata, acuta vel abrupte acuminata, glabra, utrinque crasse reticulata, supra opaca, viridi-brunnescentia, subtus glauca, penninervia, nervis 8—10-jugis supra leviter subtus con- spicue elevatis brunnescentibus, costa supra plerumque impressa, petiolo 10-12-(15) mm. longo glabro. Inflorescentiae ¢ sessiles vel brevi- pedunculatae. Umbellae plerumque solitariae, pedunculatae, bracteis deciduis glabris, pedunculis 2—2.5 cm. longis tenuibus gracillimis saepe curvatis glabris. Flores 6—-8-(12?) pallide flavescenti-virides (fide col- lectoris), pubescentes, lobis 6 oblongis utrinque pubescentibus, stamini- bus 9-10, 5-6 bi-glandulosis. Fructus globosus, + 5—6 mm. diam., nigrescens, immaturus viridis (fide collectoris), disco parvo glabrescente, 3-4 mm. lato leviter dentato ciliato, pedicello + 1 cm. longo leviter crasso. 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III 7 DIsTRIBUTION: western China (Yunnan). YuNNAN: Taron-Taru Divide, Tehgai, T. T. Yu 20986 (TyPE ¢, AA), November 5, 1938, evergreen shrub 10 ft., common among mixed forest, alt. 2300 m. ¢, fl. pale yellowish green; Lungnan, same locality, T. T. Vii 20014, August 28, 1938 (fruit & @ fl., AA); T. T. Yu 20876, 20986; G. Forrest 16065, 16104, 17528. This species is set apart from the preceding species of the group by its loosely reticulate, opaque, elliptic, abruptly acuminate leaves, always glaucous below; and by its striking inflorescence with long, slender, graceful peduncles, often curving beneath the weight of the large, full- flowered umbels at their tips. Lindera latifolia Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 183. 1886; Liou, Laurac. Chin. Indoch. 125. 1932. DISTRIBUTION: India and western China (Yunnan). Inpia. E. Bengal: Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 4321) (TYPE, Kew; isotype, Gray). Cumna. Yunnan: C. W. Wang 67011, 72101, 72527; A. Henry 13269, G. Forrest 9613, 9633, 15846, 17541, 17688 ; T. P, ¥a t/ 252 ; H. T. Tsai 54331, 54407, 56368, 56392, 56866, 56892, 58903. Of the species of this particular group there is only one of which material is plentiful and that is the above species, described from India. Outside of India, thus far, it is to be found in the province of Yunnan only. There is variation to be seen in the Yunnan plants but there is no doubt that they represent the Chinese form of Hooker’s species. The latter is distinct, because of the broad leaves which are greyish glaucous below, with the veins covered with an almost ferrugineous pubescence. Lindera Balansae from Tonkin, has this same distinctive lower-leaf surface, but can be separated readily by the much more narrow lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate leaves, as opposed to the broadly obovate or elliptic leaves of L. latifolia. Lindera racemosa, also from Tonkin, and very close to L. Balansae, according to the description and the photo of the type available, is distinguished by lack of pubescence on the lower leaf surface and by the presence of numerous umbels from a common peduncle, instead of the solitary, or at most, 2 umbels found in L. Balansae. The Tsai specimens from Yunnan lack, for the most part, the char- acteristic grey-glaucous lower leaf surface, though the usually attending pubescence is even more dense than in the type. Except for this feature, the specimens do not vary enough to warrant a new variety. As has been mentioned before, the Tsai material seems to have been badly 8 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxII burned, so any variation in leaf texture may be expected of the speci- mens. Lindera glauca (S. & Z.) Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 325. 1851; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 129. 1932. Benzoin glaucum S. & Z. in Abh. Akad. Muench, 4°: 205. (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat.) 1846; Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor, 22: 80, t. 14, 1939. For complete synonymy, see Liou, ].c. DISTRIBUTION: Japan and China. Nakai l.c. has made a var. glabellum of the above species as follows: “Folia adulta infra secus costas et margine infra medium pilosella, cetera glaberrima.” No specimens of the variety are available, but variation or density of pubescence do not seem strong enough characteristics on which to set up a variety. Examination of type material may show sufficient differences, not mentioned in the description. Lindera angustifolia Cheng in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 8: 294, fig. 21.1 Benzoin sinoglaucum Nakai, F1. Sylv. Kor. 22: 79. 1939. DISTRIBUTION: eastern China (Chekiang, Kiangsi, Kiangsu, Hupeh and Kwangtung). CHEKIANG: S. Chen 1028 (rypr @ fi. of B. sinoglaucum, Tokyo; isotype, AA); 2554; R. C. Ching 4814; F. N. Meyer 230. Kiancst: F. B, Forbes 1417 (probably other Chinese specimen without number cited by Nakai, l.c. under B. sinoglaucum) ; A. N. Steward 2734; Y. L. Keng 1519; E. H. Wilson 1634. Ktancsu: V. L. Keng 2387, C. L. Tso 1737 (cited with original description of L. angustifolia), 819, 889, 1209, 1432, 1678; R.C. Ching & C. L. Tso 466, 502, 552, 674, 696, 702, 709, 724; J. Hers 2313. Huren: H. H. Chung 9067; S.C. Sun 24. Kwancotunc: F. A, McClure 353 (102, 2721); C. L. Tso 20262. A species which is similar to Lindera glauca in texture and leaf surface yet differs in the leaf shape which is lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, as opposed to the obovate-elliptic leaves of L. glauca. Chen 1028 (type of @ flowers) and Forbes 1417, cited by Nakai with the description of his new segregate from Lindera angustifolia do not appear to vary suffi- ciently from the latter to warrant specific or even varietal delimitation. Lindera communis Hemsl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 387. 1891; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 130. 1932. Benzoin commune (Hemsl.) Rehder in Jour. Arnold Arb. 1: 144. 1919, Lindera yunnanensis Léveillé in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. 10: 371. 1912. Lindera Bodinieri Léveillé, 1.c. 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN. THE LAURACEAE, III 9 Lindera Paxiana H. Winkler in Limpricht, Bot. Reis. Hochgeb, Chin. 382. 1922. Lindera glauca Blume var. nitidula Lecomte in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, sér. v, 5: 115. 1913. Beilschmiedia parvifolia Lecomte, |.c. 110. DIsTRIBUTION: China and French Indo-China. Lindera communis has leaves lanceolate-acuminate, 5-9 cm. long, which vary considerably in leaf surface. The upper surface may be shining and smooth, or dull and minutely reticulate, while the lower may be glabrescent to densely pubescent. The pubescence of the branch- lets is variable also. The species is wide-spread throughout China. In the same group with Lindera communis Hemsl., described from central China are found Lindera nacusua (D. Don) Merr. (erstwhile L. bifaria Benth.) and L. Laureola Coll. & Hemsl., from India. Lindera communis Hemsl. var. grandifolia Lecomte in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, sér. v, 5: 118. 1913; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 131. 1932. DIsTRIBUTION: French Indo-China. Lecomte’s variety, of which only a photo is available, seems to be fairly true to the type of the species except for the larger leaves. Lindera Laureola Collet & Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 119. 1890; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 130. 1932. Benzoin Laureolum oe & Hemsl.) Chun in Contr. Biol, Lab. Sci. Soc. China. 15: 45. 192 DISTRIBUTION: Burma. In leaf shape, size and habit, generally, the above recalls L. communis. The leaves are more elliptic-lanceolate than lanceolate and there is a complete lack of pubescence except on the inflorescence. The bracts are glabrescent, the corolla sparingly pubescent and the pedicels densely so. Lindera Nacusua (D. Don) Merrill in Lingnan Sci. Jour. 15: 419. Laurus Nacusua D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 64. 1825. Tetranthera bifaria Wallich, List. No. 2530. 1830, nomen nudum. For complete synonymy, see Merrill, 1.c. DISTRIBUTION: southeastern Asia. Inp1A: Nepal, Wallich No. 2530, pp. (1isoTyPE of Tetranthera bifaria Kew, NY). 10 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx FRENCH INDO-CHINA. Annam: E. Poilane 24655. CuInA. Yunnan: C. W. Wang 80470; T. T. Yu 19457. Szechuan: Y., Liu 1639, 1784. Lindera Nacusua as based on Laurus Nacusua D. Don was described according to Don from a specimen of Hamilton from Nepal. Nees described Daphnidium bifarium based on Tetranthera bifaria Wallich No. 2530, ,also from Nepal, from Wallich’s collection of 1821, and Blinkworth’s specimen from Kamaon. The leaves of the specimens at hand from the Wallich Herbarium vary from 5-15 cm. in length, are lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, acuminate, with short appressed pubescence on the lower surface. All have in common somewhat elevated reticulation on the undersurface of the leaves. The young branchlets are densely tomentose. Hooker f. (FI. Brit. Ind. 5: 184. 1886) included Laurus Nacusua as a synonym of L. bifaria. The Griffith specimens which he cites have broadly lanceolate to elliptic leaves somewhat acumi- nate to acute, with extremely prominent reticulation below, the veins densely villous as opposed to the not too prominent reticulation and dense, short-appressed pubescence of the leaves of L. Nacusua. Possibly the following numbers belong with this species. Kwanctunc: W. T Tsang 28511. Hainan: S. K. Lau 5263; F.C. How 72808, 73304. Lindera Doniana, spec. nov. Arbor parva (?), ramulis crassiusculis rugulosis griseo-brunnescenti- bus glabris, junioribus ferrugineo-tomentosis. Folia alterna, late lanceo- lata vel elliptica, subcoriacea, 5-7 cm. longa et 2—2.5—(3) cm. lata, acuminata, acuta vel saepe subrotundata, vel leviter emarginata, basi cuneata, supra initio glabrescentia demum glabra, saepe nitida, subtus pallida, crebre ac conspicue reticulata, penninervia, nervis 7—10-jugis supra valde impressis subtus bene elevatis dense villosis, petiolo 5-8 mm. longo crasso pubescente. Umbellae ¢ sessiles, 1-3, brevi-pedunculata, bracteis plus minusve persistentibus, extus ad medium adpresse pube- scentibus. Flores 6-8, lobis 6 (?), (post anthesin tantum visa). Fructus subglobosus + 6 mm. diam., nigrescens, cupula pubescente planiuscula + 3 mm. lata, pedicello 3.5 mm. longo pubescente crasso. DIsTRIBUTION: India and China (Yunnan). InpiaAj. Bengal: Griffith (Kew Distrib. No. 4314) (typr, Kew; isotype AA); Khasia: J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson, regio trop. 3—4000 ped. (as Daphnidium bifarium Nees var.?) (G). CHInaA: Yunnan: 7.7. Yu 20015. These specimens, because of their distinctive venation, recall the Japa- nese species, Litsea acutivena Hayata. The Litsea species, however, 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III 1] have definitely cano-sericeous bracts which are even more persistent than those of Lindera Doniana. And while in the latter species there is a tendency toward rounded leaf tips, in the former it is the usual case. Litsea Merrilliana, spec. nov. Arbor parva vel frutex ad 2 m. altus, ramulis teretibus striatis, juniori- bus rubescentibus maturis griseis glabris. Folia alterna, oblongo-lanceo- lata, saepe lanceolata vel elliptica, subcoriacea, 2—7 cm. longa et 1.5—3 cm. lata, acuta vel acuminata, basi obtusa subrotundatave, utrinque glabra, supra minute alveolata, viridia, subtus pallida vel glauca, penni- nervia, nervis 8—12-jugis flavis, costa utrinque elevata, petiolo 5-10 mm. longo glabrescente. Umbellae ¢ solitariae, axillares, pedunculatae, numerosae, pedunculis gracilibus ad 5 mm. longis pubescentibus, bracteis pallidis adpresse ferrugineo-pubescentibus. Flores pauci, immaturi, pallide virides (fide collectoris) lobis 6 (?), staminibus 7 (?), filamentis pubescentibus. Umbellae ? paucae, axillares, pedunculatae, pedunculis 5—6 mm. longis gracillimis glabrescentibus, bracteis adpresse-pubescenti- bus deciduis. Flores + 5, virides (fide collectoris), brevi-pedicellati. Fructus oblongus + 6 mm. longus viridis (fide collectoris), disco 2.5 mm. lato, pedicello + 2 mm. longo crasso planiusculo subconcavo. DISTRIBUTION: southern China. (Kwangsi, Kweichow). Kwancsi: Tzu Yuen District, T. S. Tsoong (Z. S. Chung) 83503 (type 6, AA), August 4, 1937, small tree in woods, leaves deep green above, pale green beneath, flower pale green; T. S. Tsoong 83456; C. Wang 39562 (very young @ flower and old fruit). KwercHow: Fan Ching Shan A. N. Steward, C. Y. Chiao & H.C. Cheo 521 (in- florescence in very young fruit). A species similar to L. communis in variation of leaf size and shape, but differing in having more pairs of nerves which are more slender and more nearly at right angles to the mid-rib, a glabrous leaf and veins which stand out yellowish against the green of the leaf. The pistillate inflorescence has very slender peduncles and short pedicelled flowers. The species is named for Dr. E. D. Merrill, Director of the Arnold Arboretum, whose assistance is indispensable in the preparation of any manuscript dealing with Asiatic plants. Lindera pedunculata Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 350. 1901. Bengoin pedunculatum (Diels) Rehder in Jour. Arnold Arb, 1: 145, 1919. DIsTRIBUTION: western China (Szechuan, Yunnan). SZECHUAN: W. P. Fang 896 (fruit, AA), 844. YUNNAN: T.T. Yu 20154. 12 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Fructus oblongus, + 9 mm. longus, + 6 mm. latus, nigrescens, cupula + 2 mm. longa pubescente + 5 mm. lata, pedicello + 6 mm. longo pubescente crassiusculo. Here also may be placed for the present Fang 1281, from Kikiang Hsien, differing in the shorter, thicker, pedunculate umbels and less oblong, more round fruit. It may be a variety, possibly. Poilane 24561 from Annam has leaves that are heavier, more reticulate and more densely pubescent and the branchlets are stouter. The pedicels are similar to those of Fang 1281. The species has not been taken up, as far as can be ascertained from the literature, since its description, except for the transfer to Benzoin in 1919. Its affinity, as Diels suggests, seems to be Lindera communis, but it stands apart from that species because of the oblanceolate leaves more or less rounded at the base, and the oblong fruit. No staminate inflo- rescence has been seen as yet, the type description having been made from a pistillate branch. Just possibly the plant belongs in another genus, Litsea for example. Lindera Duclouxii Lecomte in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, sér. v, 5: 113. 1913; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 128. 1932. Lindera spec. ? in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 14: (Pl. Chin. Forrest. Edinb. ) 924. DISTRIBUTION: western China (Yunnan, Tibet). This is a little known species from Yunnan and Tibet. It is perhaps more closely allied to L. Nacusua than to any other species, but differs in having broader leaves usually rounded at the base and frequently un- equal. The tip is more abruptly acuminate and the flowers larger, borne on longer pedicels. Lindera sterrophylla, spec. nov. Arbor parva vel frutex 2.5—5 m. altus, ramulis teretibus striatis rube- scentibus, glabrescentibus demum glabris. Folia alterna, elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, robusta, coriacea, 10-13 cm. longa et 4—5 cm. lata, acuminata vel abrupte obtuse acuminata, basi acuta, utrinque glabra, supra viridia plus minusve nitida, subtus glauca (fide collectoris), penni- nervia, nervis 6—8-jugis utrinque glabris, costa supra glabra basi ad 5 mm. longitudinem pubescente excepta, supra impressis (costa leviter elevata excepta), subtus conspicue elevatis, petiolo 1—1.5 mm. longo canaliculato glabro praeter canaliculum. Umbellae ¢ solitariae, axillares, brevi- pedunculatae, bracteis deciduis. Flores 3-6, pubescentes, viridescenti- flavi (fide collectoris), pedicellis 3-8 mm. longis minute fulvo-pubescenti- bus, lobis 6 oblongis, staminibus 9, 3 interioribus bi-glandulosis. Umbellae 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III 13 Q paucae similes ¢. Flores parvi ++ 2 mm. longi, viridescenti-albi (fide collectoris), pedicellis 1-2 mm. longis pubescentibus, lobis 6 oblongo- ovatis, staminodiis 9, 3 interioribus bi-glandulosis. Fructus obovoideus, 10-12 mm. longus, + 9 mm. diam., cupula pubescente corrugata + 3 mm. longa et 3—4 mm. lata, pedicello, 2-6 mm. longo pubescente crasso, pedunculo communi + 3 mm. longo. DISTRIBUTION: western China (Szechuan). SzECHUAN: Under woods, Mt. Omei T. T. Yu 392 (type 6, AA), April 18, 1932, alt. 1600 m., small tree 2.5 m. high, leaves dark green above, whitish beneath, flower greenish yellow; Mt. Omei 7. T. Yu 404, April 18, 1932, alt. 1500 m., shrub among woods, leaves dark green above, bluish beneath, flower greenish white (9 , AA); Yu 188, 393, 396, 416; W. P. Fang 2468, Mt. Omei, August 4, 1928, alt. 1050-1220 m., shrub 5 m. in thickets, fruit obovate, drupaceous (AA); W. P. Fang 23238, 23596, A species distinct because of the leathery leaves, glabrous and shining above, slightly revolute at the margins. The leaves of the type are broader and more abruptly acuminate at the apex than are those of the other specimens cited but undoubtedly the same. The very small pistillate flowers form a smaller umbel, which is sessile, than those of the staminate inflorescence. The species is similar to Lindera Duclouxti from Yunnan and Tibet, but is distinguished at once by its almost complete glabrity. Lindera umbellata Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 145. t. 21, 1784. Benzoin umbellatum Rehder in Jour. Arnold Arb. 1: 146. 1919. Lindera membranacea prigt i Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 12: 72. 1867, in Mél. Biol. 6: 275. 1 For further synonymy, see ee Lc. DISTRIBUTION: Japan. Japan: Thunberg (type of L. umbellata, Upsala; photo & fragm. AA); Tschonoski (Maximowicz, iter secundum) (TYPE of L. membrana- cea, fruit, Leningrad; isotype AA); Herb. K. Shiota, No. 41, 48, 6421. Unfortunately the other collections in the AA Herb. are unnumbered, among which are numerous sheets collected by E. H. Wilson and C. S. Sargent. The “umbellata” complex might very aptly be termed unfinished business, for a number of reasons. First, some of the species have been described from immature plants or plants with precocious flowers. Second, it is necessary in this group to keep in close touch with Japanese herbaria, for without authentically annotated specimens it is at times 14 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII impossible to understand the Japanese authors’ concept of species — one of their native species as wide-spread as L. umbellata, for example. The great difficulty in ascertaining the specific limitations of Lindera umbellata, as well as L. Thunbergii (now segregated as L. erythro- carpa), lies in the fact that both of these species were based on speci- mens in immature stages. One may guess that leaves will at maturity have lost their early pubescence, but it goes without saying that the remaining pubescence, if any, may vary in many ways. The bark of the young specimens of each species is very different. That of L. umbellata is smooth, shining, reddish, while that of L. Thunbergii (L. erythrocarpa) is more rough and is pale grey. The mature speci- mens could never be confused. Lindera erythrocarpa has leaves very long-attenuate at the base, lanceolate-obovate, reddish brown in color, paler on the lower surface and with rough pubescence. The fruit, accord- ing to Makino (Tokyo Bot. Mag. 13: 140. 1899) is scarlet. Lindera umbellata has leaves which are less long-attenuate at the base, are broader and usually not reddish, and very sparsely pubescent if at all, on the lower surface. The fruit (see Makino, l.c.) is black. Makino, in 1900, was correct in separating the two entities, giving L. Thunbergii the new name L. erythrocarpa. (See Makino, l.c., Rehder, l.c.) In 1846, Siebold and Zuccarini described Benzoin sericeum with leaves pubescent above and softly villous below, and with new parts white- sericeous, with branchlets blackish fuscous or black, and fruits globose, mucronulate. Blume in 1851, transferred the species to Lindera adding a PB var. glabrata with lanceolate-oblong leaves everywhere glabrous. Makino (1900), made the species a variety of L. umbellata, but on careful consideration it appears now to be worthy of specific rank. At the time of Maximowicz’ description of Lindera membranacea, he had at hand undoubtedly, the currently known species of L. umbellata with which to compare his new species. Hence, his comparison of the broader leaves of L. membranacea, with those of L. umbellata (probably now Makino’s segregate L. erythrocarpa), the longer, more slender peduncles and pedicels as opposed to the shorter and thicker peduncles and pedicels of L. umbellata. So, it appears from careful examination of the types that the species which Maximowicz describes as new is merely the old L. umbellata, and the Lindera umbellata to which he com- pares it the species now known as L. erythrocarpa. Thus L. mem- branacea is probably correctly reduced to synonymy under L. umbellata. Lindera umbellata var. hypoglauca (Maxim.) Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 14: 185. 1900. 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAKE, III 15 map AE a ages Paces in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb, 12: 71. 1867, in Mél. Biol. 6: 274. Benzoin ane O. ae Rev. Gen. 1: 569, 1891. Benzoin a enna (Maxim.) Rehder in Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. 1: 153. 190 Benzoin neue var. hypoglaucum Rehder in Jour. Arnold Arb. 1: 146. 1919. DISTRIBUTION: Japan, and cultivated. Under this variety the annotated specimens which are available from Japan show a leaf which is much smaller (not more than 7 cm.), usually obtuse or acute, very coarsely reticulate, unmistakably glaucous below, and rather papery in texture. The remainder of the material from Japan was named in America, consists mostly of Wilson’s specimens and is indistinguishable from the specimens of L. umbellata proper from Japan. Lindera umbellata var. pubescens Lecomte in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris. sér. v, 5: 113. 1913; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 129. 1932. DisTRIBUTION: western China (Yunnan). Yunnan: J. M. Delavay 4296 (tTyPE of L. umbellata var. pubescens, Paris; photo & fragm. AA). So far only the type of Lecomte’s variety has come to light. It is, unfortunately, a branch in fairly young fruiting stage with leaves seem- ingly not fully developed. The whole aspect of the plant is suspiciously like that of a Litsea in general and of Litsea sericea in particular. There are differences which separate it from Litsea sericea but it might easily be one of the many species of that genus described from young flowers only. Lindera erythrocarpa Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 11: 219. 1897, 13: 138. 1899. Bengzoin erythrocarpum Rehder in Jour. Arnold Arb. 1: 144. 1919. For complete synonymy, see Rehder, 1.c. DIsTRIBUTION: Japan, Formosa, Korea, and China. Japan: (type, Benzoin Thunbergii S. & Z., Leningrad; isotype, Gray); Siebold, as L. umbellata Gray; Maximowicz, as L. umbellata Thunb.:; Herb. K. Shiota, 46, 5517, 5939, 6486, 9662, 9692; T. Tanaka 42 (100185). Korea: E. H. Wilson 9445, 9617; E. Taquet 3179. Formosa: R. Oldham 446. Cu1na. Chekiang: S. Chen 60, 990, 1242, 2785, 2798, 2868, 16 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. xx 3714, 3730, 3909; H. H. Hu 303, 1692; W. C. Cheng 3684; S. S. Chien 735; VY. Y. Ho 913, 1449; VY. L. Keng 1044; R. C. Ching 1421, 1516, 1520, 2496, 2853, 4814, 5009, 5027, 5116, 5144; D. Macgregor, s. n., Ningpo, 1908. Fukien: R.C. Ching 2505. Anhwei: S.C. Sun 1298, 1310, 1416, 1417; R. C. Ching 2853, 3198. Kiangsu: R.C. Ching & C. L. Tso 393. Hupeh: W. Y. Chun 3649; S.C. Sun 945, 1077, 1118. Hunan: W.T. Tsang 23517, 23606. Kwangtung: W.T. Tsang 26181. Kwangsi: T.S.Tsoong (Z.S. Chung) 81734, 81988; W. T. Tsang 27920. The Chinese specimens as a general rule have less grey bark than the typical Japanese material, and the leaves are often somewhat broader with less of a purple tinge below. There is no doubt, however, that they belong in the species. Lindera sericea Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 324. 1851. Lindera umbellata var. sericea Makino in Tokyo Bot. Mag. 14: 185. 1900. DISTRIBUTION: Japan. Japan: Blume (type Lindera sericea, fruit, Leiden; isotype, NY); specimen from Herb. Lugd.-Bat. in Gray Herbarium labeled Benzoin sericeum S. & Z.; Herb. K. Shiota 49; K. Ichikawa 112. The species, as far as can be determined by the specimens at hand, does not occur in China. The large amount of material assigned to this species in the past, has proved to be Litsea and doubtfully Litsea sericea. The Chinese specimens (in fruit, of course), at first glance appear to be very much like the Japanese species, but they differ in the lower leaf surface being less pubescent at maturity, the pubescence of the young leaves being very tawny, and the mature leaves being more membrana- ceous than those of Lindera sericea. In shape, the leaves of the Chinese trees are more variable, usually with rounded and smaller leaves inter- mingled with the large acuminate leaves, and the fruiting pedicels and peduncles are very nearly equal in length, as opposed to the pedicels nearly two times the length of the peduncles in the Japanese species. The description of this new species of Litsea appears later in this paper. Most of the currently designated Lindera umbellata var. sericea from Japan were labeled thus because of the sericeous young leaves. On the same sheet are often mature leaves with scarcely a sign of pubescence except on the lower surface on the veins and the petioles, and that sparse pubescence is not of the soft villous kind to be found on the type of Benzoin sericeum. ‘Therefore, these more or less glabrescent immature leaved specimens are undoubtedly true Lindera umbellata and not the variety sericea. 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III 17 There is another possibility, which must be considered, and that is that there are perhaps two separate entities — Lindera sericea Blume, as outlined above, and distinct L. umbellata sericea, which shows little variation from L. umbellata proper. More complete and better material from Japan collected in all stages must be available to workers before the question of identities be settled satisfactorily. Lindera sericea var. 8. glabrata Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 324. DISTRIBUTION: Japan. The variety was under Benzoin sericea Blume on sheet from the Herbarium of Buitenzorg, and it may be the basis for all of the speci- mens labeled Lindera umbellata var. sericea from Japan. This specimen has smaller, more narrow leaves and is glabrescent. Because it is labeled L. sericea it may have been confused with true L. sericea of Blume, but might conceivably be his variety glabrata. Here also may be placed A, Henry 79, and H. Mayr, April 4, & June 15, 1886, from Ugo. Lindera reflexa Hemsley in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 391. 1891; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 128. 1932. Lindera umbellata var. latifolia Gamble in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 81. 1914. Benzoin sericeum var. tenue Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 22: 77. 1939. For further synonymy, see Liou, 1.c. The type of Lindera reflexa is based on a specimen cultivated in the Hongkong Botanic Garden, from the North River above Canton. Most of the leaves on the type are rotundate-ovate, slightly cordate and obtuse, except for the leaves near the tip of the branch, which are obovate to elliptic and rounded at the base. None of the specimens accorded to Lindera reflexa exactly match the type, in leaf shape. For the most part, the latter are more acuminate at the apex, acutish at the base and rather elliptic in outline. The habit, pubescence and inflorescence are more stable and do not show such variation. It is a known fact that species in cultivation often show greater variation in young vegetative shoots. Hence, it is with no hesitation that the numbers below, in full leaf or fruit, are placed under L. reflexa. The young branchlets showing precocious flowers and very young leaves, however, might belong to any one of a number of species of eastern China. It is anyone’s guess where they do belong. Gamble’s variety latifolia of Lindera umbellata, from Hupeh, certainly has nothing to do with the species L. umbellata. The venation is of the same type as that of L. reflexa, the laterals arising almost horizontally from the midrib. There is less pubescence on Gamble’s specimen, but no less than is to be found on many of the 18 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XXII so-called L. reflexa specimens. Gamble’s variety is undoubtedly a poor specimen of the latter with slight geographical variation. DIsTRIBUTION: China. Kwanctunc: Hongkong Bot. Garden, cultivated, from North River, No. 128 (type of Lindera reflexa, Kew; photo & leaf tracing, AA), February 1, 1889; CCC. 12194; W. T. Tsang 26337. CHEKIANG: R. C. Ching 2435, 4786, 4793, 5140, 5183; W. C. Cheng 2107; C. Y. Chiao 1019 (14318), 1044 (14343), 14436; H. H. Hu 1596; S. Chen 369, 495, 1157, 1519, 1676, 3150, 3209, 3679; Y. L. Keng 825, 994; W. Tang & W.Y. Hsia 382. ANwuHEI: C.S. Fan & Y. Y. Li 164; S.C. Sun 1155; R. C. Ching 2627, 2746, 2820, 3119; S.S. Chien 1016; K. Ling 1151 (7731). Kianosi: N.K.Ip 1064; H.H. Chung & S.C. Sun 337, 463; A. N. Steward 2749; E. H. Wilson 1621, 1632, 1639; A, Allison 10; J. L. Gressitt 1450; H. H. Hu 750 (?); T. H. Wang 232; S. K. Lau 4651. Honan: A. N. Steward 1593 (9719). HUNAN: C.S. Fan & Y. Y. Li 156,476. Huren: E. H. Wilson 610A (tTyPE of Lindera umbellata var. latifolia, fruit, Kew; photo & fragm. AA); W. Y. Chun 5229. KweicHow: 4H. Handel-Mazzetti 255 (10765); W. Y. Chun 5782. Kwanosi: R. C. Ching 6143; C. Wang 41154; T. S. Tsoong (Z. S. Chung) 82032; W. T. Tsang 27606. YUNNAN: H. T. Tsai 57020 (?). All of the specimens from China cited by Nakai (see Nakai, |.c.) under Benzoin sericeum var. tenue, agree with the author’s conception of Lindera reflexa as discussed above. Chen numbers 1239, 2765, cited by Nakai under B. sericeum var. tenue, the leaves of which are in very young stage, may be excepted, however, for in that condition it is diff- cult to determine the species. Litsea szechuanica, spec. nov. Arbor vel frutex parvus, 2.5-15 m. altus, ramulis fuscis vel atro- rubescentibus striatis glabris, novellis fulvo-tomentosis. Folia alterna, membranacea, elliptica vel obovata, 4-13 cm. longa et 2-6 cm. lata, rotundata, obtusata, acuta vel acuminata, basi acuta vel cuneata saepe inaequalia (rare, juventate rotundata), supra demum glabrescentia glabra (exceptis venis pubescentibus), viridia (fide collectoris), subtus primo fulvo-tomentosa demum glabrescentia, pallida, glauca, penni- nervia, nervis 6—8-jugis supra plus minusve inconspicuis subtus conspicue elevatis dense tomentosis, petiolo (5)—10-15 mm. longo pubescente. Inflorescentiae ¢@ axillares. Umbellae ¢@ 1-4, bracteis deciduis, pedunculatae, pedunculis 4-8 mm. longis pubescentibus. Flores 4-10 (?), 2-3 cm. longi, flavi (fide collectoris), glabrescentes, pedicellis 4-6 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III 19 mm. longis gracilibus pubescentibus, lobis 6 oblongo-ellipticis 3 mm. longis, staminodiis 6, 2—(3) bi-glandulosis. Inflorescentiae ¢ axillares (?). Umbellae solitariae (?), bracteis deciduis, pedunculatae, pedunculis 3—4 mm. longis, pubescentibus. Flores 10 (?), 2-3 mm. longi, glabre- scentes, pedicellis + 10 mm. longis pubescentibus, lobis 6 ellipticis vel elliptico-obovatis + 3 mm. longis, staminibus 9, 3 interioribus bi- glandulosis. Fructus parvus, subglobosus, breviter apiculatus, nigre- scens, 3-4 mm. diam., disco plano haud crasso pubescente 1-2 mm. lato, pedicellis 10-12 mm. longis leviter crassis. DISTRIBUTION: China (Szechuan, Yunnan, Shensi). SZECHUAN: Kuan Hsien, Chien-Cheng Shan, C. S. Fan & Class 139 (tyPE ?, AA), April 4, 1938, alt. 1000 m., tree in forest, 30 ft. high, fl. yellow; Mt. Omei F. T. Wang 23151, July 2, 1931, alt. 1400 m., small tree 20 ft., diam. bh. 4 in., outside of temple, margin of thicket (fruit, AA); Wang 20595, 20666, 20806, 22737; W. P. Fang 817; T. T. Yu 282, 418, 635, 705; E. H. Wilson 5176; S. S. Chien 5689. YUNNAN: H.T. Tsai 55967. SHENs1: ‘Tsinling-schan, centr. inter. mei et Liupa, in silvis mixtis den clivium G. Fenzel 507, May 1934 (6, AA). A species, the fruiting specimens of which have been placed under Lindera umbellata, sericea and even glauca. The very slender evidence that it is not a Lindera but a Litsea hangs on the dissection of a flower from an almost fragmentary branch tip with the specimen of Fenzel 507. Beyond a doubt, the fragment belongs with the rest of the material on the sheet, which matches the other members of the same species. The fulvous pubescence on the underleaf surface, concentrated into a tomentum on the younger parts of the plant, and the very small fruit set this species apart from the species of Limdera mentioned above. Tsai no, 55967 and Yu 635 and 705 are definitely a variant from the typical L. szechuanica and may even be another species. Whether Lindera or Litsea is impossible to say, because they are pistillate specimens. There is a residue of specimens left after the disposal of the members of the Lindera umbellata complex. Whether they are Lindera or Litsea is difficult to say, since they are fruiting specimens. They do not match any material or description of known species. There are several species of Litsea among them L. Forrestii and L. moupinensis which were de- scribed from precocious flowers alone or flowers and very young leaves. It is anyone’s guess what the mature leaves of these species may be. The following numbers are in this dubious position, each group probably rep- resenting a species. 20 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxII YuNNAN: T.T. Yu 16015. SzEcHuAN: W. P. Fang 2210, 2863, 2915. Hupew: W. Y. Chun 3888, 3908. Lindera tonkinensis Lecomte in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, sér. Vv, 5: 112, t. 8. 1913, Fl. Gén. Indoch. 5: 155, t. 7. 1914; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 133. 1932 Lindera tonkinensis is a part of the general complex which holds Lindera strychnifolia var. Hemsleyana (L. Hemsleyana) and var. velutina, and Lindera pulcherrima (L. Thomsonii). Ching 7863 was placed under Lindera Chunii Merrill, in an early determination. It is evident that geographically as well as physically it is distinct, since it occurs only in Indochina, and Hainan and Kwangsi in China. The western Chinese entities are totally different from the former species. The larger leaves which, like those of L. Chunii, remain greenish brown on drying, but unlike L. Chunii, are not shining but opaque and more membranaceous, acuminate instead of caudate, the total lack of glaucescence or pubescence on the lower leaf surface, the entirely basal origin of the lateral nerves, as opposed to their arising several millimeters above the base. These are characters which readily separate Lindera tonkinensis. DisTRiBUTION: French Indo-China and China. FRENCH INpbo-CHtInA. Tonkin: E. Poilane 25194, 25306bis. Annam: Potlane 19850; F. Evrard 2134. Laos: E. Poilane 20029. CHINA. Kwangsi: R.C. Ching 7863. Hainan: F.C. How 72649, 73790; C. Wang 36364. Yunnan: C. W. Wang 72833, p3ce0s IF Hoek 2759, 2795; H. T. Tsai 53242; A. Henry 11686, 11686A, B, D. Lindera pulcherrima (Wallich) Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 185. 1886, p.p. Daphnidium Aas oe Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2: 63. 1831, Syst. Laurin. Tetranthera pulcherrima aL Num. List. 2567A, 1830, nomen nudum. Benzoin pulcherrimum O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen, 2: 569. 1891. DISTRIBUTION: India. Inpia: Nepal, Wallich 2567A, in 1821 (typE of Tetranthera pul- cherrima, Kew; isotype, Gray) The true Lindera pulcherrima of Wallich and Nees, based on Wallich 2567A from Nepal, has oblong-lanceolate leaves measuring 10-15 cm. long and 2—4.5 cm. wide, with a slender cauda measuring sometimes as 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III 21 much as 2-2.5 cm. in length, and glaucous below. The specimens which are at hand representing the type do not have fruit. Lindera pulcherrima var. attenuata, var. nov. A typo differt foliis lanceolatis concoloribus, apice attenuatis interdum subcaudatis, plus minusve manifeste 3-pli-nerviis, pedicellis brevioribus. DISTRIBUTION: southwestern China (Kwangsi, Kweichow, Hunan, Hupeh, Kwangtung). Kwancsi: Kwei-lin District, Hsi-chang village and vicinity, Ch’i fen-shan, W. T. Tsang 28435, October 1-11, 1937, shrub? 6 ft. high, with very young @ fls., (AA); Loh Hoh Tsuen, Ling Yin Hsien, 4. N. Steward & H.C. Cheo 79 (type 6, AA), March 23, 1933, forest alt. 1880 m., shrub 3 m. high, flowers yellowish; Steward & Cheo 363; S. K. Lau 28806; T. S. Tsoong (Z. S. Chung) 83332. The Chinese material representing this variety, except for Steward & Cheo 79 (6 fi.) and Tsang 28435 (9 fl.), is in the fruiting stage. It differs from the species in having leaves less oblong and more narrowly ovate-lanceolate, with very attenuated tips hardly caudate as in L. pulcherrima. Considerable variation in leaf shape and size occurs but its presence is typical of this extremely variable group of plants. The variety may very possibly represent another species but because of the scarcity of material it seems advisable to designate it as a variety for the present. The last cited specimens have smaller leaves than the type, but they seem to belong in this category. Hunan: C.S. Fan & Y. Y. Li 264; Handel-Mazzetti 670 (11107) (fruit, AA), in monte Yiin-schan prope urbem Wukang, in silva elata frondosa umbrosa copiose, alt. 900-1400 m. July 20, 1918, frutex aromaticus. HupeH: FE. H. Wilson 3725. Kwanctunc: 5S. P. Ko 52948. Lindera pulcherrima var. glauca Lecomte in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, sér. v, 5: 117. 1913; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 135. 1932. DIsTRIBUTION: French Indo-China. Only a photo of this variety is available. However, it seems to have been segregated, not from the true L. pulcherrima, but from the Hooker & Thomson specimen included in the latter (Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 185. 1886). It has the look of belonging with the species described below, but the description of Lecomte is scant and until the type itself is examined, no further disposition can be made. 22 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Lindera Thomsonii, spec. nov. Lindera pulcherrima Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 185. 1886, p.p. Arbor vel frutex 4-9 m. altus, ramulis teretibus striatis griseis vel rubescentibus glabris novellis dense sericeis exceptis, lenticellis con- spicuis. Folia alterna, elliptica vel ovata, chartacea, 7-11 cm. longa et 2.5-4.5 cm. lata, longe caudata, cauda usque 3.5 cm. longa, basi acuta vel cuneata, utrinque glabra, bene reticulata, supra + nitida, subtus glauca, 3-nervia, nervis utrinque conspicuis elevatisque, circa 5-9 mm. supra basim laminae divergentibus, saepe nervis lateralibus conspicuis supra medium laminae, petiolo usque 1.5 cm. longo glabro. Umbellae $ plerumque axillares, solitariae, brevipedunculatae, bracteis deciduis glabris. Flores 3-10, pubescentes, flavi (fide collectoris), 5-6 mm. longis, pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis fulvo-pubescentibus, lobis 6 oblongo- lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis + 3-5 mm. longis, staminibus 9, + 4.5 mm. longis exsertis, 3 interioribus bi-glandulosis, ovario pubescente. Umbellae ? axillares, bracteis deciduis. Flores 4-12, pubescentes, albi, flavi vel viridescenti-flavi (fide collectoris), + 3 mm. longis, pedicellis 4—5 mm. longis gracilibus fulvo-pubescentibus, lobis 6 oblongis + 2 mm. longis, staminodiis + 6, 1-2 plus minusve petaloideis, ovario ellipsoideo pubescente. Fructus ellipsoideus, 5-6 mm. longus, + 3 mm. latus, nigrescens, disco parvo inconspicuo glabro, pedicello leviter crasso + 1 cm. longo. DIsTRIBUTION: India, French Indo-China and China. Inpia: Khasia: J. D. Hooker & T. Thomson, regio temp. alt. 5—7000 ft., (TYPE, fruit, Gray). Upper Burma: F. K. Ward 9381, 9325 ; J. F. Rock 7409. FRENCH INDo-CHINA: Tonkin, E. Poilane 19108. Cutna. Yunnan: Shweli River drainage basin and environs of Tengyueh, J. F. Rock 8007 (typE 8, AA), February 1923, shrub or small tree with yellow flowers; Chen Kang Hsien, near by village, C. W. Wang 72528 (?, AA), March 1936, alt. 2000 m., tree? 4 m. high, flowers greenish yellow; C. W. Wang 72474; G. Forrest 9517, 26243, 26259; H. T. Tsai 56361, 56362; A. Henry 9629, SZECHUAN: E. Faber 242. A species exceedingly variable in leaf shape, except for the drip-tip, which is constant throughout. The leaves are conspicuously reticulate after the pattern of all leaves of this group. Hooker placed his speci- men from Khasia under L. pulcherrima amending the original descrip- tion to include it. Subsequent workers have done likewise until L. pulcherrima has become even more variable as a species and its range 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III 23 been extended to include all of southeastern Asia. All of these broader and shorter elliptic leaved caudate specimens, however, belong under L. Thomsonii. The young leaves and stems are tawny-sericeous but lose their pubescence early, the lower surface of the leaves being glaucous at maturity. Both the pistillate and staminate flowers are tawny-pubescent, the staminate being larger throughout and more pubescent. The following numbers in fruiting stage are probably variations within the species of L. Thomsonii. Kwancsti: S. P. Ko 56028. YUNNAN: T. T. Yu 17089, 17267; C. W. Wang 67078, 67304, 67350. The species is named for Mr. T. Thomson, co-collector with J. D. Hooker in India. Lindera urophylla (Rehder), comb. nov. Benzoin urophyllum Rehder in Jour. Arnold Arb. 1: 146. 1919; Chun in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 1°: 52. 192 Lindera caudata Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 352. 1901, non (Nees) Ktze. DISTRIBUTION: western China (Szechuan, Kweichow). SzECHUAN: C. Bock & A.v. Rosthorn 781 (TYPE of Lindera caudata, Berlin; photo & fragm., AA); Y. Liu 1424. KwetcHow: Y. Tsiang 6457 A species as yet known only in the fruiting stage. The plant is slender, glabrous throughout and the leaves have the patterned reticulation and drip-tip usual for this group. The leaves are almost membranaceous, are pale green and strikingly glaucous below. Lindera subcaudata (Merr.) Merrill in Philip. Jour. Sci. 15: 237. 1919; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 133. 1932 Neolitsea subcaudata Merrill in Philip. Jour. Sci. 13: 137. 1918. Benzoin subcaudatum (Merr.) W. Y. Chun in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 15: 38. 1925 DisTRIBUTION: southeastern China (Kwangtung). Kwanctunec: C.O. Levine 1351 (type, fruit, Manila; isotype, Gray, AA); Merrill 11016; To Kang Peng 2707 ( 8 , Manila); C. O. Levine & F.A. McClure 7027; T. M. Tsui 71. The species was first described from fruiting specimens only, under Neolitsea, but when staminate material was available the new combina- tion under Lindera was made. Tsui’s specimen from Loh-Fau Shan is a staminate flowering branch. The leaves are more elliptic than oblong and are wider accordingly than are those of the pistillate plant. 24 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VoL. xxi Lindera supracostata Lecomte in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, sér. Vv, 5: 112. 1913; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 132. 1932. For further synonymy, see Liou, l.c. DISTRIBUTION: western China (Yunnan). YUNNAN: J. M. Delavay 2579 (syNTyYPE, Paris; isosyntype, AA), 3996; H. T. Tsai 57555, 52939, 57319, 58370, T. T. Yu 8151, 17026; Siméon Ten 577 ; A. Henry 10873; G. Forrest 10615, 27394, E. E. Maire 228, 465. A striking species with very pale green 3-nerved acuminate leaves shining above and conspicuously reticulate in the pattern usual for the group, with costa and laterals very prominently reticulate; below, nerva- tion less conspicuous, but the veins standing out yellowish against the glaucous background. There is a tendency toward a rhomboid base, pronounced in some leaves and scarcely discernible in others on the same branch. Frequently the tendency is manifest only in a slight inequality at the base of the leaf. YV# 17026 has leaves smaller in the main and more bluntly and abruptly acuminate than those of the other specimens, but none the less certainly belongs with L. supracostata. Lindera supracostata var. attenuata, var. nov. A typo differt foliis tenuioribus attenuatioribus angustioribus. DISTRIBUTION: western China (Yunnan, Szechuan). YUNNAN: G. Forrest 11110 (type 92, AA); between Likiang, Tungshan, Tuinaoko, and Tsilikiang, dry Yangtze drainage basin, J. F. Rock 9783 (fruit, AA), May 1923, alt. 9000 ft., shrub 8-10 ft.; H. T. Tsai 57336. SZECHUAN: C. Schneider 754. Differs only in the more narrow and more attenuate leaves, not sur- passing 2.3 cm. in width. The tendency toward a rhomboid base is less apparent than in the species. Lindera Vernayana, spec. nov. Frutex parvus, ramulis teretibus griseis gracilioribus primo adpresse pubescentibus demum glabris. Folia alterna, membranacea, elliptica, 7-9 cm. longa et 2—3 cm. lata, longe caudata, cauda + 2 cm. longa, saepe falcata, basi acuta, pallide viridia, supra opaca, glabra, bene reticulata, subtus tota facie breviter adpresse argenteo-sericea, 3-nervia, nervis utrinque conspicuis, circa 1-2 mm. supra basim laminae diver- gentibus, petiolo 5-(9) mm. longo tenui glabrescente demum glabro. Umbellae ¢ axillares, brevi-pedunculatae, bracteis deciduis. Flores 5-8, sparse pubescentes, pedicellis 1-2 mm. longis tenuibus pubescenti- bus, lobis 7-8 ellipticis extus sparse pubescentibus, staminibus 9. Umbellae 9 et fructus ignoti. 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III 25 DIsTRIBUTION: Upper Burma and'‘China. Upper BurMA: Panwa Pass, F. K. Ward (Vernay-Cutting Exped.) 405 (TYPE, AA), March 15, 1939, evergreen forest, alt. 2135 m., small shrub with leaves silver beneath with appressed silky hairs. Cuina: Yunnan, H.T. Tsai 55976. A new species at first glance difficult to separate from Lindera Thom- sonu and L. Hemsleyana var. velutina. The more slender, pale grey branchlets, narrower leaves with shorter appressed silky pubescence, per- sisting in the flowering stage on adult leaves, distinguish it easily. It is named for Mr. Vernay, who with Mr. Cutting made possible the recent expedition into Burma. Lindera Hemsleyana (Diels), comb. nov. Lindera strychnifolia F.-Vill. var. Hemsleyana Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 352. 1901; Gamble in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 83. 1914; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 136. 1932. Lindera strychnifolia var. ? Hemsl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 392. 1891. : 145, 1919; W. Y. Chun in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China 15: ‘1. 1925. DISTRIBUTION: southeastern China. Benzoin sli haat O. Ktze. var. Hemsleyanum (Diels) Rehder in Jour. Arnold For years this entity has persisted as a variety of L. strychnifolia, with which it actually has very little in common. The latter species is affiliated with the group which contains L. Chunii, L. caudata, etc. which for the most part lacks the striking, patterned reticulation apparent on the upper surface. With the elevation of this variety to specific rank and the acknowledgment of a variety or so in conjunction with it, it is to be hoped that this particular section of the genus will become less confusing in the future. The species is distinct from the others in the group for the almost velutinous lower leaf surface, which on older branchlets becomes merely glaucous, and for the acuminate rather than caudate leaf tips. Lindera Hemsleyana var. velutina (Forrest), comb. nov. Lindera str eae F.-Vill. var. velutina Forrest in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 13: 166. 1921. DISTRIBUTION: China (Yunnan) and Upper Burma. Cuina. Yunnan: G. Forrest 15928 (SYNTYPE, Edinb.; isosyn- type, AA); 17658 (syNtTypE, Edinb.; isosyntype, AA); J. F. Rock 7631; C. W. Wang 72058. Upper BurMaA: F. K. Ward (Vernay-Cutting Exped.) 430, 457. 26 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XXII It seems that this species, as viewed from description and the two syntypes available, is hardly velutinous on the lower leaf surface but rather more sericeous. The long silky hairs apparent in early stages become sparse and dark with age, until on the older branchlets there is only an occasional patch of hairs left to indicate the former heavy pubescence. This last feature, the variety has in common with its erstwhile species L. strychnifolia. Lindera Stewardiana, spec. nov. Arbor vel frutex 5 m. altus, ramulis teretibus, novellis angulatis striatis in sicco rubro-brunnescentibus (griseis fide collectoris) glabris. Folia alterna, lanceolata vel lanceolato-elliptica, subcoriacea, 9-12 cm. longa et 2.5—4 cm. lata, plus minusve acuminata, basi acuta, utrinque glabra, supra conspicue reticulata, nitida, viridia, subtus glauca, 3-nervia (haud 3-pli-nervia), nervis supra plus minusve conspicuis subtus promi- nenter elevatis, petiolo 1-1.5 cm. longo glabro. Inflorescentiae numero- sae axillares, umbellatae. Umbellae ¢ 2-—6-—(?), subsessiles vel brevi- pedunculatae, bracteis rotundatis vel ovatis argenteo-sericeis deciduis. Flores 4—7—(?), pubescentes, flavi, fragrantes (fide collectoris), pedi- cellis 3-5 mm. longis dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus, lobis 6 ellipticis subaequalibus + 2.5 mm. longis, staminibus 9 exsertis + 4.5—-5 mm. longis, 3 interioribus bi-glandulosis. Fructus immaturus, ellipsoideus, apiculatus, disco pubescente, plano haud crasso, pedicello 7-10 mm longo pubescente leviter crasso. DISTRIBUTION: western China (Kwangsi). Kwancsi: A. N. Steward & H.C. Cheo 3 (typE 6, AA), Loh Hoh Tsuen, Ling Yun Hsien, March 12, 1933, alt. 1150 m., brushy rocky slope, tree 5 m. high, fl. yellow, fragrant, bark grey, leaves used for making incense; valley in Chin-Tong, Steward & Cheo 397, alt. 1300 m., ? vine on tree? (young fruit, AA); R. C. Ching 5835; S. P. Ko 55793. A beautiful species striking because of the luxuriance of the staminate flowers and the shining leaves, glaucous on the lower surface. It is near L. pulcherrima from India. The infrutescence also is as abundantly full-fruited and consists of as numerous umbels accordingly as the inflorescence of the staminate branchlets. The other specimens cited do not have such an abundance of fruit as the type material. Steward and Cheo 397 on the field label gives the information that the plant is a vine on a tree. Undoubtedly, there must have been an error in copy- ing, for the specimen is certainly from a tree or at least a shrub. The species is named for Dr. A. N, Steward, senior collector of the type and Professor of Botany at Nanking University. 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III 27 Lindera Gambleana, spec. nov. Arbor parva, 1.5—-6-(9) m. alta, ramulis teretibus striatis fuscis, novellis pallide virescentibus glabris. Folia alterna, lanceolato-oblonga vel lanceolato-elliptica, subcoriacea, 8-12 cm. longa et 2—4.5 cm. lata, acuminata, basi acuta vel cuneata, utrinque glabra, supra viridia, subtus glauca (fide collectoris) , 3-pli-nerviis, nervis supra minus conspicuis quam subtus, subtus elevatis circa 3-5 mm. supra basim laminae divergentibus, supra medium nervis ca. 1-2 lateralibus subtus conspicuis, petiolo 1—1.5 cm. longo glabro. Inflorescentiae ¢ numerosae, axillares umbellatae. Umbellae 2—6—(?), subsessiles vel brevi-pedunculatae , pubescentes, bracteis deciduis pubescentibus. Flores 4—8—(?) pubescentes, flave- scenti-albi (fide collectoris), pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis dense fulvo- pubescentibus, lobis 6 oblongis + subaequalibus + 4 mm. longis, staminibus 9 + 3.5 mm. longis, 3 interioribus bi-glandulosis. Umbellae 2 1-3, brevi-pedunculatae, bracteis plus minusve persistentibus. Flores 4-8-—(?), pubescentes, flavescenti-albi vel viridescenti (fide collectoris), brevi-pedicellati, pedicellis + 1 mm. longis pubescentibus, lobis 6 oblongis + 2.5 mm. longis, staminodiis 9, ovario obovoideo glabro. Fructus ignotus. DISTRIBUTION: western China (Szechuan). SZECHUAN: Mt. Omei, T. T. Yu 495 (type 6, AA), April 22, 1932, alt. 2400 m., mt. slope among conifers, tree 12 ft., leaves dark green above, bluish beneath, flowers yellowish white; Mt. Omei, T. 7. Yu 494 (@, AA), April 22, 1932, under Abies forest, tree 20 ft., d.b.h. 5 in., bark dark grey, leaves dark green above, bluish beneath, flowers yellowish white; Yu 384, 487; E. H. Wilson 5181; W. P. Fang 2268 (?); F. T. Wang 23152, 23152 C (?). A species near Lindera Stewardiana, but separated by firmer, 3-pli- nerved leaves not shining above, with less prominent reticulation and more prominent lateral veins on the lower surface above the middle of the leaf. The flowers are less abundant with shorter pedicels and more appressed pubescence on the lobes. The species is named in honor of Dr. J. S. Gamble, who determined the Lauraceae of E. H. Wilson’s western Chinese collections published in Sargent’s Plantae Wilsonianae. The following specimens are listed as possibly being the fruiting specimens of L. Gambleana. There are differences apparent in the near- caudate rather than acuminate tip, the tendency toward smaller leaves in some cases and in others larger leaves. Perhaps some of these are variations typical of the pistillate tree. There are undoubtedly more 28 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xx than one entities represented here, but they cannot be separated without the study of more representative material. Kwancsi: C. Wang 40997. SzecHuan: F.T. Wang 23264; T.T. Yu 373, 447; C. Y. Chiao & C. S. Fan 301. YuNNAN: 4H. T. Tsai 52325, 52280, 54801, 56605, 58416; T. T. Vii 20412. Lindera Gambleana var. floribunda, var. nov. A typo differt ramulis novellis dense fulvo-sericeis, junioribus pube- scentibus, foliis subtus velutinis, petiolis pubescentibus, floribus numero- sis dense aggregatis, pedicellis + 4 mm. longis. DISTRIBUTION: western China (Yunnan). YUNNAN: G. Forrest 9773 (TyPE 6, AA); G. Forrest 7585 (young fruit, AA), 9621; T. T. Yui 16395 (?). A very attractive tree particularly when young branchlets are growing out, but undoubtedly a variety of L. Gambleana. In the abundance of inflorescences both staminate and pistillate it recalls L. Stewardiana, but is quickly discernible from the species by the pubescence on the lower leaf surface. Lindera strychnifolia F.-Vill. in Blanco, FI. Filip. ed. 3, Nov. Append. 82. 1880; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 136. 1932. For further synonymy see Liou, ].c. DISTRIBUTION: eastern Asia and the Philippines. There has long been confusion centering about this species, and related species such as L. caudata, L. Chunii, L. rufa, L. Eberhardtii, and L. Playfairii. All species have more or less ovate leaves which are long-acuminate to extremely long-caudate, glaucous or pubescent below, tri- or tri-pli-nerved. These characters intergrade with a facility that renders clear-cut definition of the species very difficult. All the above mentioned species are distinguished from L. strychnifolia proper by the act that in the latter species the leaves are always ovate-rotund. Lindera_ strychnifolia var. Hemsleyana (L. Hemsleyana) and _ var. velutina, together with their related entities, belong in a group distinct from and never confused with the “caudata” complex. The leaves of the former are usually prominently reticulate on the upper surface, and the transverse veins, parallel with each other and oblique to the midrib and two laterals, form a distinct pattern peculiar to the group and lacking in the “caudata’” complex. These species and varieties are being discussed below. Lindera caudata Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 184. 1886; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch, 133. 1932. For further synonymy, see Liou, l.c. 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III 29 DistRIBUTION: India, French Indo-China, and China. FRENCH INDo-CuINA. Laos: E. Poilane 25617. Cochin- china: F. Evrard 1988, 2252. CHINA. wangsi: R.C. Ching 6834, 7948; W. T. Tsang 22121, 22242, 22621, 23983, 24680.. Yunnan: T.T. Vii 16236. Lindera caudata is separated easily by its 3-nerved, always pubescent leaves, in which the three nerves are very prominent and pubescent in all stages, persisting to near the tip of the leaf. The leaf itself is more often oblong-elliptic than ovate. In spite of the name, the species is more long-acuminate than definitely caudate. The branchlets and petioles are pubescent and the umbels sessile. Lindera rufa Gamble in Jour. As. Soc. Bengal. 75: 200. 1912; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 132. 1932. For further synonymy see Liou, l.c. DistRIBUTION: Malaya and China? Reported by Liou from Kweichow. The species can be set apart by its ovate, long-acuminate leaves which are tawny-villous when young, becoming glaucous with age. The petioles are persistently pubescent. The nervation is 3-pli-nerved, the nerves fading out above the middle of the leaf. The young branchlets and buds are densely ferrugineous- tomentose, the pubescence later becoming darker. Poilane 975 from French Indo-China may belong here. The leaves are more 3-nerviate than 3-pli-nerviate and may or may not be glaucous underneath, after losing their early tawny or pale-ferrugineous pubescence. Lindera Chunii Merrill in Lingnan Sci. Jour. 7: 307. 1929; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 133. 1932 DISTRIBUTION: southeastern China. Lindera Chunii stands out among these species because of the bright green upper surface of the leaves and the lower surface covered with closely appressed dense silvery, golden or coppery pubescence, the color depending on the age of the branch at the time of gathering. The leaves are definitely caudate and 3-pli-nerved. The umbels are truly pedunculate. Kwancsi: TJ. S. Tsoong (Z. S. Chung) 82186. Kwanctunc: W. Y. Chun 6327 (type 2, Manila; isotype, AA). Lindera Playfairii (Hemsl.) Allen in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 400. 1938 (preprint 1937). Litsea? Playfairii Hemsl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 384. 1891. Neolitsea Playfairti (Hemsl.) Chun in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc, China. 30 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxX 1°: 66. 1925; Liou, Laurac. Chine seiner 145, t. 1932. Lindera alongensts Lecomte in Nouv. Arc . Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, sér. 7, 5: 118. 1913. DISTRIBUTION: China and French Indo-China. CuHiInA. Kwangtung: G.M. Playfair (typr Litsea? Playfairit, 6 Kew; photo & fragm. AA). Kwangsi: dH. Y. Liang 69330; F.C. How 73871. FRENCH INpo-CHINA. Tonkin: 4H. Lecomte & A. Finet 823 (type of L. alongensis Paris; photo, AA). The two species L. Playfairii and L. alongensis are conspecific, as far as can be told from the descriptions and photographs of the types avail- able. The type of L. Playfairii is staminate, while that of L. alongensis is pistillate. Lindera Eberhardtii Lecomte in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, sér. v, 5: 115. 1913, Fl. Gén. Indoch. 5: 156. 1914; Liou, Laurac. Chine Indoch. 135. 1932. DIsTRIBUTION: French Indo-China. The species differs from Lindera Playfairii in that the leaves are pilose as well as glaucous below. The nervation, according to Lecomte, is 3- nerved, like that of L. Playfairii and his L. alongensis, but the nerves arise a few millimeters above the base. It differs from L. rufa in the absence of ferrugineous pubescence on the young leaves and branchlets. Lindera flavinervia, spec. nov. Arbor 9-15 m. alta, ramulis angulatis striatis rugosis fuscis, glabris. Folia alterna, late elliptica, membranacea, 6-12 cm. longa et 3.5—6.5 cm. lata, acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi rotundata vel cuneata, utrinque glabra, supra bene reticulata, viridia, subtus pallida vel leviter glauca, 3-nervia, nervis utrinque conspicuis elevatisque flavis circa 5-9 mm. supra basim laminae divergentibus, + 6 nervis lateralibus plus minusve conspicuis, petiolo 1.5-2.5 cm. longo glabro. Umbellae ¢_ plures, axillares, subsessiles, bracteis deciduis. Flores parvi, + 6, glabri, virides (fide collectoris), pedicellis + 5 mm. longis minute pubescentibus, lobis 6, 3 interioribus ovato-ellipticis -- 3-4 mm. longis, 3 exterioribus late ovatis + 1.5—-2 mm. longis, staminibus 9, parvis inclusis, 3 interioribus bi-glandulosis. Fructus subglobosus, + 8 mm. diam., nigrescens (viridis, fide collectoris), cupula glabra 2-3 mm. longa + 4 mm. lata, pedicello + 8 mm. longo, crasso. Umbellae @ immaturae. DISTRIBUTION: China (Yunnan). YUNNAN: Mienning, Hopientsun, 7. T. Yu 18160 (type 6, AA), 1941] ALLEN, STUDIES IN THE LAURACEAE, III 31 Nov. 2, 1938, alt. 2100 m., tree 4.5—6 m. high, flower green, common among forest; Chenkang, Snow Range, Tapingchang, Vu 17245, Aug. 6, 1938, at 2350 m. alt., tree 9-15 m. high, common among forest (fruit, AA). Near Lindera fruticosa Hemsl.* but differing in abundant, many flow- ered sessile inflorescences with short-pedicelled flowers, thicker leaves with distinct venation, and more numerous lateral veins. Also, the small glabrous flowers with the three inner lobes nearly twice as large as the three outer ones, set the species apart at once. Here tentatively might be placed C. W. Wang No. 73085 from Shung- Kiang on mountain slope at 2200 m. altitude. The specimen has leaves less distinctly veined, larger and less firm, but the general habit and fruit indicate an affiliation with Lindera flavinervia. HERBARIUM, ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 1Lindera fruticosa Hemsl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 388. 1891; Allen in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 399. 1938 (preprint 1937). 32 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII PLANTAE PAPUANAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V* E. D. MERRILL AND L. M. PERRY RUTACEAE IN THIS PAPER we propose only to record a number of apparently new species and a few range-extensions which have appeared in our effort to name the Rutaceae (excluding the Aurantioideae) of the Archbold col- lections. By far the major part of the material belongs to the Evodia- Melicope-Acronychia group of genera. Although, in Engler’s classifica- tion, the last genus is placed in another section (with indehiscent fruit ) far from the Evodia-Melicope relationship, it is to be remembered that species have been transferred from both of these genera to Acronychia. In most instances it has been relatively easy to separate Evodia from Melicope, the former having only four stamens, the latter eight. Unless the fruit is fully mature, the genus may be distinguished from the number or the position of the stamens persisting somewhere on the infructescence. To separate Acronychia with dehiscent fruit is another problem. Here are either four stamens (as in Evodia) or eight (as in Melicope) with filaments glabrous or hairy within toward the base. After scanning our meager material and the descriptions of the species from Australia and Polynesia included in Acronychia, it seemed the one differential character was probably the compound ovary. Yet, after examining the collections from the Solomon Islands, some of which show fruits with carpels united to the apex and more or less deeply lobed, others with carpels united halfway to the apex, some with four stamens, others with eight, and some staminate material with rudimentary carpels below the level of the disk, we have decided that our material is too scanty for us to make more than a provisional assignment. We believe this material to be more closely allied to Evodia and Melicope than to Acronychia, although possibly it belongs to a section of Acronychia with small flowers and thin dehiscent capsules. Zanthoxylum L. Zanthoxylum Dominianum nom. nov. Fagara varians Domin, Bibl. Bot. 89: 846. 1927. BritisH New GuINEA: Western Division, Lower Fly River, east *(Botanical Results of the Richard Archbold Expeditions) See Jour. Arnold Arb. 20: 324-345. 1939; op. cit. 21: 163-200, t. 1. 1940; op. cit. 292-327; op. cit. 511-527. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 33 bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 8060, October 1936, common on ridges in rain-forest (weak undergrowth tree 2-3 m. high; leaves aromatic; flowers white) ; Wassi Kussa River, Tarara, Brass 8507, December 1936, common at margin of rain-forest (shrub or small tree 1.5—5 m. high, leaves greyish above; flowers white). These staminate collections appear to agree reasonably well with Domin’s description of this Queensland species. One leaf of Brass 8060 has a terminal leaflet 18 cm. long, 7 cm. broad, but both plants are surely conspecific and the other number falls well within the limits of Z. Dominianum. This species is very closely allied to the Malaysian Z. ovalifolium Wight. The specific name varians is pre-empted in the genus Zanthoxylum. Zanthoxylum Rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. Prodr. 1: 728. 1824; Merr. Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 2: 327. 1923. Fagara Rhetsa Roxb. FI. Ind. 1: 438. 1820; Koord. & Val. Atlas Baumart. Java 2: t. 352. 1914. SOLOMON IsLtaNnps: Ysabel Island, Sigana, Brass 3449, January 1933, alt. 100 m., hill rain-forests (large wide spreading tree with pale fissured bark and very bright yellow wood; leaves with pale nerves; flowers white). We have assigned this collection to the Malaysian Zanthoxylum Rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. as interpreted in its broader sense. Possibly more mature material will prove it to be a distinct species. Belonging in this same alliance but surely not identical with it is the following collection from British New Guinea: Western Division, Mabaduan, Brass 6491, April 1936, very common monsoon-forest sub- stage tree (20 m. high, crown somewhat spreading; bark pale brown, inner bark and wood yellow; lower part of stem covered with large limpet-like thorny processes; small red aromatic fruit; seeds black). The fruit is about 7 mm. long, the epicarp is densely glandular-pustulate; the thorny processes are 3—3.5 cm. diameter at the base; the leaves have 5-8 pairs of obliquely ovate to elliptic leaflets. Zanthoxylum conspersipunctatum sp. nov. Arbor gracilis, 5 m. alta; ramulis parce aculeatis; foliis 2—4-jugis, pari- atque impari-pinnatis; petiolo ac rhachi 6.5—19 cm. longis, glabris; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis 3-6 mm. longis), tenuiter coriaceis, superioribus oblongis, inferioribus ovato-ellipticis, 4-12 cm. longis, 1.5—4 cm. latis, basi oblique rotundatis ad suboblique cuneatis, apice acuminatis (acumine + 1 cm. longo), margine crenulatis, utrinque 34 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII glabris, consperse pellucido-punctatis (glandulis magnis, interdum sine lente manifestis), costa subtus prominente; venis primariis utrinsecus 9-11, patenti-adscendentibus, prope marginem arcuatim anastomosanti- bus, supra manifestis subtus perspicuis; venulis laxe reticulatis, utrinque + manifestis; paniculis terminalibus, quam foliis brevioribus, glabris; pedicellis brevissimis; calyce ultra medium 4-lobato, lobis vix 1 mm. longis, ovatis, acutiusculis; petalis 4 mm. longis, vix 1.5 mm. latis; staminibus 4 cum petalis alternantibus; filamentis 3.5 mm. longis, sub- applanatis; antheris ellipsoideis, 2 mm. longis; ovario ovato, disco inconspicuo obtuso, 1 mm. longo; stylo terminali sed excentrico, brevissimo, NETHERLANDS New GurINeEA: Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 11579 (typr), November 1938, alt. 2300 m., one plant in forest undergrowth (slender tree 5 m. high; flowers white). The species belongs to the section Blackburnia (Forst.) Engler. The leaves are mostly even pinnate, exceedingly variable in size, but all have the somewhat scattered large pellucid glands. Possibly its alliance is with Z. parviflorum Bentham. Evodia Forst. Evodia Forst. with 33 already published species is the largest genus of the Rutaceae in Papuasia. We add here 12 more species. Lauterbach’s key to the genus is divided into series based on foliar characters. In our material it appears as if a fairly logical division of the genus might be made on the size of the flowers and the cocci. The latter in the larger-flowered species are often sericeous-pubescent within. Evodia oligantha sp. nov. Arbor parva, 3-5 m. alta; ramulis novellis obtuse quadrangularibus, valde compressis, glabris, in sicco rubiginosis; foliis ternatis; petiolo 1-1.5 cm. longo, glabro, supra applanato; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis circiter 4-6 mm. longis, glabris, canaliculatis), coriaceis, olivaceis, late lanceolatis vel leviter oblanceolatis, 3.5-7 cm. longis, 1.5-3 cm. latis, basi acute cuneatis, apice acutiusculis vel breviter obtuse acuminatis, utrinque glabris, novellis copiose glanduloso-punctatis; venis primariis utrinsecus 8-12, supra inconspicuis, subtus manifestis, subhorizontalibus prope marginem arcuatim anastomosantibus; venulis laxe reticulatis; paniculis axillaribus, 5-8 cm. longis, paucifloris, habitu subumbellatis; pedunculis 3.5—5 cm. longis; ramulis brevibus, basi bracteatis (bracteis foliiformibus, usque 2 cm. longis, 7 mm, latis, basi angustatis) ; pedicellis 4 mm. longis, glabris; sepalis liberis, concavis, late rotundatis, 3 mm. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 35 longis, 4 mm. latis, glanduloso-pustulatis; petalis 6-7 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, apice inflexo-apiculatis, extus consperse glanduloso-pustulatis, intus basim versus puberulis; staminibus circiter 5 mm. longis, filamentis ad basim (1 mm. latis) parce pilosulis, ad apicem (0.6 mm. latis) glabris, antheris 1.5 mm. longis; disco glabro, crasso, 1 mm. alto; carpellis 4, usque 14 longitudinem connatis, glabris; stylis connatis, 0.5 mm. longis, glabris; stigmate capitato, inconspicue 4-lobato. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: Lake Habbema, Brass 9365 (TYPE), August 1938, alt. 3225 m., one of the smaller and least common trees in closed forest (3—5 m. high; flowers green). This interesting species is readily distinguished from the other mem- bers of the genus in New Guinea by the long-peduncled and relatively few-flowered inflorescences with leaf-like bracts subtending the short branches, and by the almost glabrous floral parts. Evodia crispula sp. nov. Arbor probabiliter; ramulis ad apicem minute tomentosis, mox glabra- tis, ad nodos valde compressis; foliis ternatis; petiolo 4-8 cm. longo, supra subcanaliculato, tomentuloso ad glabrato; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis 5-9 mm. longis, canaliculatis, tomentulosis), coriaceis, ellip- ticis (in specimine typico 9-14 cm. longis, 3.5—7 cm. latis), basi sub- rotundatis vel obtusis, interdum cuneatis, apice acuminatis, minute pellucido-punctatis, supra glabris, subtus praecipue in costa atque venis primariis crispule stellato-pilosulis; venis primariis utrinque 14-16, supra impressis, subtus prominulis, oblique adscendentibus, prope mar- ginem arcuatim confluentibus; venulis vix manifestis; paniculis sae- pissime ex axillis foliorum delapsorum ortis, 5-7 cm. longis pedunculo 22.5 cm. longo incluso, multifloris; axi, ramulis pedicellisque tomentu- losis ad dense puberulis; sepalis 1.2 mm. longis, ad basim connatis, apice rotundatis, puberulis; petalis 5 mm. longis, 3 mm. latis, apice inflexo- apiculatis, extus puberulis, intus dense sericeo-pubescentibus; stamini- bus 4, filamentis 8-9 mm. longis, intus in parte inferiore piloso-tomentu- losis; antheris circiter 2 mm. longis; disco vix 1 mm. alto, tomentoso, subangulato; ovario 4-partito, villosulo; stylo 4.5 mm. longo, pube- scente; fructibus ignotis. NORTHEASTERN NEW GUINEA: Morobe District, Ogeramnang, Clemens 6357 (TYPE), 5155, May and January 1937, alt. + 1750 m. Possibly Clemens 5921, Ogeramnang, and Clemens 2238, Quembung, also belong here. Both have very immature flowers; the leaves are much larger (13-19 cm. long, 7.5—9.5 cm. broad) but similar in outline and in the somewhat crisped stellate pubescence on the lower surface. 36 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. Xx The flower of Evodia crispula is very much like that of E. trichopetala Lauterb. in that the petals are hairy on both sides, the lower half of the inner surface of the filaments is clothed with more or less tangled hairs, the disk is tomentose and the carpels are short villous. The latter species, however, is glabrous in all the vegetative characters. Evodia trichopetala Lauterb. Nov. Guin. 14: 139. 1924. NETHERLANDS New GUINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass & Versteegh 10457, 10457a, Brass 10709, October 1938, alt. 2830 m., 2750 m., 2800 m. respectively, common in secondary forest (tree 12-18 m. high; flowers red); Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 11378, November 1938, alt. 2200 m., secondary rain-forest near river (tree 10 m. high; flowers red). These collections have elliptic rather than lanceolate leaflets, sepals almost 2 mm. long and a style only 3 mm. long. Yet, in view of the agreement of the other floral and foliar characters with the original description, we have assigned the collections to this species. The fruit of 10457a is about mature. ‘The cocci, 8 mm. long, are already open, the exocarp is 1 mm. thick, closely and longitudinally rugose, glabrous and densely glandular, the inner surface of the endocarp is yellowish with a sericeous pubescence. The seeds are black, shining, 5 mm. long, and somewhat obliquely ovoid. Possibly Brass & Versteegh 11998 also belongs here. The specimen shows young fruit. The leaflets are lanceolate, not so distinctly coria- ceous, and dull. Evodia rosea sp. nov. Arbor; ramulis teretibus ad nodos leviter compressis, glabris, inno- vationibus minute pubescentibus, mox glabratis; foliis ternatis; petiolo 3-6 cm. longo, puberulo vel glabro, supra applanato; foliolis pedicellatis (pedicellis 6-15 mm. longis), chartaceis ad subcoriaceis, oblongo- ellipticis ad obovato-ellipticis, 6-12 cm. longis, 3—6 cm. latis, basi cuneatis, apice obtusis vel rotundatis, utrinque (maturis) glabris; venis primariis utrinsecus 10-14, manifestis (non prominulis), oblique ad- scendentibus, prope marginem arcuatim confluentibus; venulis reticu- latis, leviter manifestis; paniculis axillaribus, praecipue ex axillis folio- rum delapsorum ortis, usque 5 cm. longis latisque; axi superiore, ramulis pedicellisque fulvo-puberulis; pedicellis + 5 mm. longis; sepalis ad basim connatis, 1.5 mm. longis, ovatis, obtusiusculis, utrinque puberulis; petalis 4 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis, apice inflexo-apiculatis, extus puberulis, intus basim versus minute pubescentibus; filamentis 6 mm. longis, intus basim versus pubescentibus; antheris 1.4 mm. longis; disco crasso. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 37 tomentoso; carpellis 4, tomentosis; stylo 3 mm. longo, minute piloso; fructibus ignotis. British NEw GUuINEA: Western Division, Wassi Kussa River, Tarara, Brass 8553 (TyPE), December 1936, in rain-forest (common canopy tree; bark soft, corky, deeply fissured; flowers pink); Oriomo River, Wuroi, Brass 5851, January-March 1934, alt. 1030 m., common in rain-forest and scattered occasionally on savannah (tree 25 m. high, with gray channelled bark; flowers dark pink to almost white, profusely flowering; nectar copious). This species closely approaches the very sketchy description of Evodia altissima Baker f. It differs in having rounded or obtuse leaflets (not acuminate), panicles mostly below the leaves, flowers about the size of those on a specimen we have determined as E. Forbesii Baker f., and stamens finely pubescent toward the base of the inner face of the filament. Evodia cladantha sp. nov. Arbor 21 m. alta; ramulis ad apicem velutinis, angulatis, ad nodos valde compressis, interdum sulcatis; foliis ternatis; petiolo 9-11 cm. longo, supra applanato, velutino; foliolis sessilibus, chartaceo-coriaceis, ellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis (terminali 18-25 cm. longo, 9-11 cm. lato; lateralibus 12.5-17.5 cm. longis, 7-9 cm. latis), basi rotundatis ad subcordatis, apice abrupte acuminatis (acumine + 1 cm. longo) ac cuspidatis, supra fuscis, praecipue Secus costam nervosque minute pube- scentibus, subtus pallidioribus, subvelutinis; venis primariis utrinsecus 12-20, supra manifestis, subtus prominulis, oblique patentibus, prope marginem arcuatim anastomosantibus; venulis reticulatis, supra in- conspicuis, subtus manifestis; paneuus lateralibus, e ramis circiter 1.5 cm, diametro ortis, + 5.5 cm. longis, 6 cm. latis (pedunculo 1.5—2.5 cm. longo), multifloris; axi, ramulis pedicellisque tomentulosis; sepalis 1 mm. longis, subrotundatis, pubescentibus vel tomentulosis; petalis 5 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis, apice inflexo-apiculatis, intus basim versus minute pubescentibus, caetera glabris; staminibus glabris, filamentis 11 mm. longis, antheris 2 mm. longis; disco dense tomentoso, 1 mm. alto; ovario villoso; stylo 11 mm. longo, glabro; fructibus ignotis. NETHERLANDS NEW GuINEA: Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 14003 (typE), April 1939, alt. 70 m., frequent tree in the primary forest of the flood-plain (21 m. high, 43 cm. diameter; bark 8 mm. thick, gray, rough, fissured; wood white; flowers rose). Among the larger-flowered species of Evodia, this species is best characterized by the lateral inflorescences, the velutinous young branch- lets, and the sessile leaflets with rounded bases, acuminate apices and the soft pubescence on the lower surface of the lamina. 38 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xxi Evodia eriophylla sp. nov. Arbor 24 m. alta; ramulis apicem versus + obtuse angulatis, ad nodos valde compressis, innovationibus fulvo-tomentosis, mox glabratis; foliis ternatis; petiolo 3-4 cm. longo, glabrato, supra applanato; foliolis brevissime pedicellatis (pedicellis 3-6 mm. longis, fulvo-tomentosis ad glabratis), crasse coriaceis, obovato-oblongis, 9-17 cm. longis, 4.5—6.5 cm. latis (in parte latissima), basi acute cuneatis, apice obtusis acumine brevissimo praeditis, supra glabris, subtus dense fulvo-tomentosis, costa venisque primariis supra impressis, subtus prominentibus; venis primariis utrinsecus 18-23, adscendentibus, ad marginem arcuatim confluentibus; venis reticulatis, utrinque submanifestis; paniculis axillaribus, usque 17 cm. longis, 14 cm. latis (pedunculis circiter 8 cm. longis) ; axi, ramulis pedicellisque minute tomentosis ad glabratis; pedicellis 3 mm. longis; sepalis vix 2 mm. longis, subrotundatis, puberulo-tomentosis; petalis anguste imbricatis, late ellipticis, 4 mm. longis, 2.5 mm. latis, apice inflexo-apiculatis, extus glabris, intus praecipue basim versus pilosis vel breviter villosis; staminibus glabris; filamentis 4 mm. longis, ad basim dilatatis; antheris 1.5 mm. longis, connectivo fusco; disco breviter villoso ; ovario 4-partito, subgloboso, breviter villoso, 1 mm. alto; stylo 1.2 mm. longo, glabro; stigmate capitato, indistincte 4-lobato. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass & Versteegh 10459 (type), October 1938, alt. + 2850 m., rare in old secondary forest (tree 24 m. high, 37 cm. diameter; bark 5 mm. thick, soft brown; wood white; flowers white). This species agrees with several features of the description of Evodia pachypoda Lauterb. Nevertheless, the leaflets of the latter are sub- sessile with a subrounded base, and the lower surface particularly on the nerves is tomentose (this statement would seem to indicate a differ- ence in the amount of pubescence on the nerves and on the blade between), the sepals are acute, and the petals are densely villous within. In E. eriophylla, on the other hand, the leaflets are very short petiolulate with a distinctly cuneate or acute base, the lower surface of the leaf is covered with a fine close tomentum (this appears to be easily rubbed off the nerves, particularly the midrib), the sepals are rounded and the petals pilose or very short villous only on the lower part of the inner surface. Evodia Elleryana F. v. Muell. var. tetragona (K. Sch.) W. D. Francis, Kew Bull. 1931: 189. SOLOMON IsLANDs: Malaita, Quoi-mon-apu, Kajewski 2323, De- cember 1930, alt. 50 m., common in rain-forest; Ysabel, Tasia, Brass 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 39 3289, December 1932, common in lowland rain-forests (tree attaining 15 m.; bark pale pinkish gray; flowers pink, usually on branches below the leaves). Previously reported from New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. Evodia cuneata sp. nov. Arbor parva; ramulis (fragmento tantum viso) glabris; foliis ternatis; petiolo 9 cm. longo, glabro, supra applanato; foliolis subsessilibus, tenuiter coriaceis, obovatis, 14-24 cm. longis, 10-16 cm. latis (lateralibus paullo inaequilateralibus), basi cuneatis, apice rotundatis vel acumine brevissimo praeditis, utrinque glabris; venis primariis utrinsecus 10-13, supra impressis, subtus prominentibus, oblique adscendentibus, prope marginem arcuatim confluentibus vel curvatis et evanescentibus ; venulis inconspicuis; paniculis axillaribus (ante anthesim tantum), circiter 13 cm. longis, multifloris; axi puberulo; ramulis pedicellisque dense puberulis; sepalis rotundatis (interdum acutiusculis), 1-1.5 mm. longis, puberulis; petalis 3.5 mm. longis, 2.5 mm. latis, extus glabris, intus dense breviterque villosis; staminibus glabris; disco dense pubescente; carpellis 4, dense pubescentibus; stylo glabro, 1.5 mm. longo; stigmate capitato, indistincte 4-lobato; fructibus ignotis. NorTHEASTERN NEw GUINEA: Ogeramnang, Clemens 4895 (TYPE), January 1937, alt. 1650 m., in forest (small tree with bright pink flowers). This species is perhaps near Evodia Bonwickii F. v. Muell. and E. pachypoda Lauterb. It differs from both in the large glabrous obo- vate leaflets with rounded or almost apiculate apices. Evodia Bonwickii F. v. Muell. Fragm. Phytogr. Austr. 5: 56. 1865; F. M. Bail. Queensl. Fl. 1: 200. 1899; C. T. White, Contr. Arnold Arb. 4: 47. 1933. British New Guinea: Lower Fly River, Sturt Island, Brass 8159, October 1936, plentiful in flood-plain rain-forest (very large, buttressed, canopy tree with thick hard shallowly fissured brown bark and coarse- grained pale wood; leaves stiff, nerves pale; fruit green, gland-dotted ; seeds smooth, black). Although we have no fruiting material with which to compare this collection (in full fruit), it seems to correspond reasonably well with a flowering specimen from the Atherton Tableland, Queensland. The remnants of petals found among the cocci are about the same size and have a villosity similar to those of the Australian material. It is to be noted that only the larger leaves of the Papuan plant (leaflets 8-17 cm. 40 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. Xx long, 5—9.5 cm. broad) fall within the range of leaf-size given in the description of the Australian species. Possibly the leaflets of the Papuan collection are a little more coriaceous. Evodia vitiflora F. v. Muell. Fragm. Phytogr. Austr. 7: 144. 1871; F. M. Bail. Queens]. Fl. 1: 201. 1899; C. T. White, Contr. Arnold Arb. 4: 48. 1933. BritisH New Guinea: Western Division, Upper Wassi Kussa River (left branch), Brass 8635, January 1937, in rain-forest (large canopy tree; bark gray, suberose, fissured; wood pale, aromatic; leaf-venation conspicuous on the upper surface; flowers white). Previously known from Australia. Evodia phanerophlebia sp. nov. Arbor parva, 6 m. alta; ramulis teretibus ad nodos leviter compressis, glabris, innovationibus stellato-puberulis; foliis ternatis; petiolo 4.5—9 cm. longo, glabro vel puberulo, supra ad apicem subcanaliculato; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis 0.5-1.2 cm. longis, canaliculatis, glabratis), chartaceis, subfalcato-oblongis vel obovato-oblongis, 7—13.5 cm. longis, 2.5-6 cm. latis (lateralibus paullo inaequilateralibus), basi acutis vel cuneatis, apice acuminatis (acumine usque 1.5 cm. longo), novellis parce puberulis, mox glabratis; venis primariis utrinsecus 8-12 oblique patenti-adscendentibus, prope marginem arcuatim conjunctis, supra leviter impressis, subtus prominentibus; venulis reticulatis, supra ob- scuris, subtus manifestis; paniculis axillaribus, usque 13 cm. longis, ramosis; axi, ramulis, bracteis, pedicellis calycibusque minute stellato- puberulis; pedicellis circiter 1 mm. longis; petalis 1.5 mm. longis, 0.8 mm. latis, glabris; staminibus brevissimis, 0.6 mm. longis; disco glabro; ovario distincte 4-partito, dense stellato-pubescente; stylo circiter 1 mm. longo, basim versus stellato-puberulo; stigmate 0.8 mm. lato, 4-lobato; coccis subglobosis, 3 mm. diametro, glabratis, minute pustulato- glandulosis. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 12200 (typE), January 1939, alt. 1700 m., in rain-forest seral growths (small tree 6 m. high; leaf-nerves impressed above, prominent below; flowers white). Evodia phanerophlebia shows some resemblance to E. Bismarckii montium Lauterb., but the leaflets are smaller, shorter petiolulate and practically glabrous; the panicles are axillary rather than terminal, and the disk of the flower is glabrous. In only one other specimen we have found a similar stigma with distinctly spreading lobes. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 41 Evodia asteridula sp. nov. Arbor circiter 8 m. alta; innovationibus, ramulis, petiolis, petiolulis, axi ramulisque inflorescentiae atque bracteis dense minuteque stellato- pilosis; ramulis teretibus, nodis compressis; foliis ternatis; petiolo 5.5-11 cm. longo, ad apicem canaliculato; foliolis subsessilibus (petiolu- lis 1-2 mm. longis), chartaceo-coriaceis, ellipticis (terminali 12—20 cm. longo, 6-11 cm. lato, lateralibus 8.5-16 cm. longis, 5—10.5 cm. latis), basi subrotundatis, apice breviter acuminatis (acumine 1—-1.5 mm. longo) ; costa ac venis primariis supra parce, subtus + dense minuteque stellato-pilosis; venis primariis utrinsecus 12—16, supra perspicuis, subtus prominulis, patentibus, prope marginem arcuatim conjunctis; venulis reticulatis, utrinque manifestis; paniculis axillaribus, circiter 15 cm. longis, ramosis, multifloris; floribus in ramulis brevibus confertis, breviter pedicellatis (pedicellis 0.5— vix 1 mm. longis, glabris); sepalis circiter 0.5 mm. longis, basi connatis, subrotundatis, ciliolatis; petalis glabris, 1.2 mm. longis, 0.6 mm. latis, apice inflexo-apiculatis; staminibus glabris, filamentis 1.5 mm. longis, antheris 0.5 mm. longis; disco glabro; ovario pubescente, 4-partito; stylo 1 mm. longo, glabro; fructibus ignotis. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 13282 (TyPE), March 1939, alt. 850 m., in flood- plain rain-forest (tree 8 m. high; flowers white). In some respects this species suggests Evodia Radlkoferiana Lauterb. It differs, however, in the elliptic leaflets, the minute stellate pubescence, and the very short petiolules. Among the collections examined, the dense but tiny crisp stellate hairs of Evodia asteridula give the species a distinctive appearance. Evodia Radlkoferiana Lauterb. in K. Schum. & Lauterb. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee Nachtr. 281. 1905, Bot. Jahrb. 55: 239. 1918. Evodia lamprocarpa K. Schum. 1.c. 280, 239 (fide Lauterb. ). SoLOMON IsLANDs: Bougainville, Kupei Village, Kajewski 1723, April 1930, alt. 750 m., in rain-forest (tree up to 20 m. high, with minute cream flowers, and cocci in fours, threes, twos, and single, the latter 3 mm. long and 2 mm. diameter, seed shiny black); Malaita, Quoi- monapu, Kajewski 2361 (excluding fruit), December 1930, alt. 200 m., rain-forest on mountain (tree up to 20 m. high; buds only); Guadal- canal, Uulolo, Tutuve Mountain, Kajewski 2516, January 1931, alt. 1200 m., in rain-forest, common as a regrowth tree, also found in primeval forest (tree up to 15 m. high; flowers white). 42 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VoL. Xx Another collection, Bougainville, Kugumaru, Buin, Kajewski 1832, June 1930, alt. 150 m., in rain-forest (tree 15 m. high; flowers white, faintly scented), is more pubescent than the others and with slightly larger flowers; the fruit is less mature but a little more pubescent and compressed. We doubt that it is specifically different. All the collec- tions fall within the range of the descriptions of Evodia Radlkoferiana Lauterb. Unfortunately we have no authentic material for comparison. The species has not previously been reported from outside New Guinea. Evodia papuana sp. nov. Arbor 6 m. et ultra alta; ramulis ad nodos leviter compressis, glabris, novellis puberulis vel minute pubescentibus; foliis ternatis; petiolo 3-8 cm. longo, glabro, supra applanato; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis + 3 mm. longis, glabris), chartaceis vel subcoriaceis, lanceolatis ad ellipticis, 7-16 cm. longis, 2.5—5.5 cm. latis, basi acutis vel obtusis, apice acuminatis (acumine 0.5—1 cm. longo), utrinque glabris; venis primariis utrinsecus 11-14, oblique patentibus, prope marginem arcuatim anasto- mosantibus, manifestis; venulis reticulatis, subaequaliter manifestis; paniculis axillaribus + 10 cm. longis, multifloris; axi, ramulis pedi- cellisque puberulis; pedicellis + 1 mm. longis; sepalis ad medium con- natis, 0.6 mm. longis, acutiusculis; petalis vix 2.5 mm. longis, apice inflexo-apiculatis, glabris; staminibus glabris; filamentis 2 mm. longis, antheris 1.2 mm. longis; disco glabro, vix 0.4 mm. alto; ovario puberulo, 4-partito; stylo 1 mm. longo, glabro. British NEw GuINEA: Western Division, Upper Wassi Kussa River (left branch) Brass 8646 (type), January 1937, rain-forest substage (tree 6—7 m. high; leaves anise-scented; flowers white); Oriomo River, Wuroi, Brass 5719, January-March 1934, alt. 10 m., common in light rain-forest (slender small tree; leaves anise-scented; flow- ers white); Central Division, Ononge River, Dieni, Brass 4004, April-May 1933, alt. 500 m., rain-forest (loosely branched tree 12 m. high; bark brown, fissured; flowers white); Kubuna, Brass 5579, November 1933, alt. 100 m., common in forest on low ridges (tree 15—20 m. high; leaves dark, glossy, 3-foliolate; small white flowers). Of the descriptions of New Guinea species of Evodia, the material cited above most closely approaches EF. anisodora Lauterb. & K. Schum. The collections are relatively uniform and give no indication of the presence of single leaflets, the trifoliolate ones are consistently smaller (than those of EK. anisodora Lauterb. & K. Schum.) and distinctly acuminate, the net-veining of the leaves is almost as manifest as the primary veins and the inflorescence is puberulous. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 43 Evodia simulans sp. nov. Arbor parva; ramulis teretibus, nodis leviter compressis, glabris; foliis ternatis; petiolo 3.5-6.5 cm. longo, glabro, supra applanato; foliolis subsessilibus (petiolulis 1.5—-2.5 mm. longis, parce pilosulis), chartaceo- coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, 6-17 cm. longis, 2.5-6.5 cm. latis, basi obtuse cuneatis vel subrotundatis, apice acutis vel acuminatis, utrinque glabris; venis primariis utrinsecus 11-16, oblique patentibus, supra saepe impressis, subtus prominulis; venulis reticulatis, utrinque mani- festis; paniculis axillaribus, 10-14 cm. longis, ramosis; axi, ramulis bracteisque substellato-puberulis; floribus in ramulis brevibus confertis, breviter pedicellatis (pedicellis vix 1 mm. longis, glabris); sepalis 0.4 mm. longis, ovatis, basi connatis, acutiusculis, fere glabris; petalis 1.4 mm. longis, ellipticis, apice inflexo-apiculatis, parce glandulosis; staminibus 2—2.5 mm. longis, filamentis glabris, subfiliformibus, antheris 1 mm. longis; disco glabro, parvo (0.2 mm. alto); ovario hirtello, in- conspicue 4-partito, 0.5 mm. alto; stylo 0.8 mm. longo, glabro; fructi- bus non visis. NORTHEASTERN NEw GUINEA: Ogeramnang, Clemens 6040 (TYPE), 5412, March and February 1937, alt. 1750 m Among the described New Guinea species of Evodia, this appears to be most like E. Schraderi Lauterb., but the leaflets have short petiolules, the petioles and the pedicels are glabrous, and the petals are sparsely glandular. ?Evodia Peekelii Lauterb. Bot. ye 55: 227. 1918; Kaneh. & Hatus. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 52: 409. 19 SOLOMON ISLANDS: inert Island, Karngu, Buin, Kajewski 2281, October 1930, rain-forest at sea-level; Kupei Gold Field, Kajewski 1682, April 1930, rain-forest, alt. 50 m.; Kieta, Kajewski 1610, March 1930, alt. 100 m. The field notes indicate a common tree 15-20 m. high. Kajewski 2281 is a fruiting specimen with capsule very shallowly 4-lobed; Kajewski 1682 is in flower ( 2 ), the four carpels are united, glabrous, and project above the disk; Kajewski 1610 has a staminate inflorescence, the pistil is rudimentary and sunk in the centre of the disk. Known previously from the Bismarck Archipelago. Possibly this belongs to Acronychia. Evodia solomonensis sp. nov. Arbor usque 12 m. alta; ramulis novellis pubescentibus vel breviter tomentosis, mox glabratis; foliis trifoliolatis; petiolo 8-18 cm. longo, minute tomentoso ad glabrato; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis 3-6 mm. 44 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII longis, canaliculatis, minute tomentosis ad glabratis), chartaceis, minute pellucido-punctatis, ellipticis vel leviter obovato-ellipticis, 10-21 cm. longis, 6-11 cm. latis, basi cuneatis (lateralibus basi + inaequalibus), apice breviter acuteque acuminatis (acumine + 1 cm. longo), utrinque fere glabris, costa atque venis primariis subtus -- pubescentibus; venis primariis utrinsecus 10-16, oblique adscendentibus, ad marginem arcuatim confluentibus, supra manifestis, subtus prominulis; venulis reticulatis, inconspicuis; paniculis axillaribus (subterminalibus), usque 16 cm. longis, breviter tomentosis vel pubescentibus, multifloris, floribus in ramulis confertis; pedicellis brevissimis (0.5—1 mm. longis); calyce 1 mm. longo, ad medium lobato, puberulo-tomentoso, lobis rotundatis; petalis 2.2—2.4 mm. longis, 1.4 mm. latis, apice inflexo-apiculatis, glabris, extus minute consperseque glandulosis; staminibus 4, circiter 2.5 mm. longis; 4 : disco crasso, lobato, glabro; carpellis liberis, minutis, glabris, in disco immersis; stylis connatis, brevissimis; ? disco angusto, glabro; carpellis fere ad medium connatis, glabris; stylis connatis, 2 mm. longis, glabris; stigmate capitato, 4-lobato; fructibus 3 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis; semine 1 mm. lato, 2 mm. longo, subellipsoideo. SOLOMON IsLANDs: San Cristobal Island, Waimamura, Brass 2682 (TYPE), August 1932, lowland rain-forests, common (tree 10 m. tall, not much branched; bark thin, brown, aromatic; leaves glabrous, shining; flowers green; fruit immature); Ysabel Island, Tiratona, Brass 3209, November 1932, alt. 600 m., mountain rain-forests, common (slender tree 12 m. tall, with close gray bark; leaves pale green, midrib very pale above; flowers cream-colored ). Evodia solomonensis appears to be closely related to E. Peekelii Lauterb. The carpels here, however, are only united half way to the apex. The leaflets too are short-petiolulate and cuneate rather than sessile and rounded at the base. Evodia silvatica sp. nov. Arbor gracilis; ramulis novellis velutinis; foliis trifoliolatis; petiolo 11 mm. longo, velutino; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis 5 mm. longis, subvelutinis, fere canaliculatis), chartaceis, minute pellucido-punctatis, ellipticis, circiter 21 cm. longis, 12 cm. latis, basi breviter cuneatis, apice obtusis, acumine brevissimo (3 mm. longo) praeditis, utrinque (costa supra + pubescente, subtus tomentosa excepta) glabris; venis primariis utrinsecus + 14, patenti-adscendentibus, ad marginem curvatis atque inconspicue anastomosantibus, utrinque perspicuis; venulis crebre reti- culatis, supra inconspicuis, subtus manifestis; paniculis axillaribus (sub- terminalibus), 13-14 cm. longis (incl. pedunculo 8 cm. longo), ramulis 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 45 brevibus basi bracteis foliiformibus binis praeditis; axi, ramulis brac- teisque velutinis; floribus in ramulis confertis; pedicellis circiter 1 mm. longis, minute pabeccenubue: calyce ultra medium lobato, minute pubescente, lobis vix 1 mm. longis, triangularibus, acutiusculis; petalis 2.5 mm. longis, apice inflexo-apiculatis, glabris vel extus secus medium puberulis, minute glandulosis; staminibus 4, circiter 3 mm. longis, glabris, antheris 0.5 mm. longis; disco lato, applanato, extus glabro, intus bar- bato; carpellis minutis, in disco immersis; stylis liberis, brevissimis, glabris. SOLOMON IsLaNnps: Ysabel Island, Tataba, Brass 3431 (TYPE), Jan- uary 1933, alt. 30 m., rain-forests, common (slender second storey tree; leaves pale-nerved; flowers white). Evodia silvatica is very much like E. Peekelit Lauterb. and E. solomonensis. It is to be distinguished from both by the velvety pu- bescence of the new growth, and the disk barbate or hirtellous within. This is probably a staminate inflorescence. The four minute glabrous styles do not protrude beyond the trichomes of the inner part of the disk; the concealed carpels are probably only rudimentary. The in- florescence is young, the bracts at the base of the branches are long and slender simulating a leaf, the lowest ones even have a short stalk. The name Evodia coriacea Merr. Philip. Jour. Sci. 17: 265. 1920, is invalidated by the earlier E. coriacea Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 55: 237. 1918, and should be changed to EK. philippinensis nom. nov. Melicope Forst. Melicope parvifolia sp. nov. Arbor usque 8 m. alta; ramulis teretibus, novellis obtuse angulatis, in sicco rubescentibus, glabris; foliis unifoliolatis; petiolo 0.3-1 cm. longo, glabro, supra subcanaliculato; foliolo sessili, tenuiter coriaceo, oblongo ad late elliptico, 1-3.3 cm. longo, 0.8—2.2 cm. lato, basi obtuso, apice retuso vel subemarginato, utrinque glaberrimo, minute punctato; costa supra impressa, subtus prominula; venis primariis utrinsecus + 6, patentibus, prope marginem arcuatim confluentibus, vix manifestis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, glabris, circiter 1 cm. longis, paucifloris (in specimine typico immaturis, 2-floris) ; pedicellis 2 mm. (fructiferis usque 5 mm.) longis; sepalis basim versus crassis ac connatis, circiter 1.2 mm. longis, exterioribus rotundatis, interioribus obtusiusculis, glabris; petalis . ; Staminibus 8, non fertilibus, vix 1 mm. longis; filamentis com- pisnaGe membranaceis, ciliatis; antheris minutis vel nullis; disco an- 46 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx1I gusto, breviter pilosulo; ovario 4-partito, glabro; stylo vix 2 mm. longo, glabro; ovulis superpositis; fructibus 2—4 coccis; coccis liberis, minute glandulosis, compressis, consperse rugulosis, ellipsoideis, 6 mm. longis, 5 mm. latis, vix maturis. British NEw GuINEA: Central Division, Mount Albert Edward, Brass 4341 (TyPE), May—July 1933, alt. 3680 m., rare in forest (slender tree 4-5 m., branches erect; leaves dark, shining, citrus-like; flowers yellowish; fruit green); Mount Albert Edward, Brass 4398, May—July 1933, alt. 3680 m., common in forest (tree 5-8 m. high with straight trunk and ascending branches; leaves gland-dotted, somewhat yellowish beneath; flowers yellow-green; fruit immature). Unfortunately only a couple of flowers are left on the specimens and the petals have fallen from both. Apparently the flowers disarticulate very readily from the axis. The glabrous character of the plant, the size, and the apparent lack of primary veins in the leaflets, suggest Evodia aneura Lauterb. Yet, having 8 stamens, our species surely belongs to Melicope Forst. Further Evodia aneura Lauterb. has trifoliolate leaves; these specimens have unifoliolate ones. Melicope sterrophylla sp. nov. Arbor parva, 3—4 m. alta; ramulis glabris, cinereis, novellis rubiginosis ; foliis unifoliolatis; petiolo 0.7—-1.2 cm. longo, supra subcanaliculato vel applanato; foliolo sessili, rigide coriaceo, crebre glanduloso-punctato, supra nitido, elliptico ad obovato, 5-8 cm. longo, 3-4 cm. lato, in basim cuneatum angustato, apice rotundato vel retuso, utrinque glaberrimo; costa subtus prominente; venis primariis utrinsecus 8-12 in utraque pagina subaequaliter manifestis, patentibus, fere transversis, in venam submarginalem confluentibus; venulis laxe reticulatis, supra manifestis, subtus leviter manifestis; inflorescentiis subterminalibus (ante anthesim tantum), + 2 cm. longis, paucifloris (in specimine typico 2-floris), glabris; pedicellis 2 mm. longis; sepalis liberis, 2-3 mm. longis, 3-4 mm. latis, 2 exterioribus paullo brevioribus, margine subhyalinis, minute glandulosis; petalis valvatis, 5 mm. longis, lanceolatis vel ovatis, apice inflexo-apiculatis, minute glandulosis; staminibus 8, 4 brevioribus; filamentis subulatis, extus minute glandulosis, intus (basi glabra excepta ) dense barbatis; antheris cordatis, 2—2.5 mm. longis, in staminibus brevioribus apiculatis; disco lobato in parte inferiore glabro, in parte superiore + piloso-barbato; ovario glabro, 4-partito; stylo brevissimo (circiter 0.5 mm. longo), villoso; stigmate subgloboso, 4-lobato; fruc- tibus ignotis. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 47 British New GurINnea: Central Division, Wharton Range, Murray Pass, Brass 4520 (TYPE), June-September, 1933, alt. 2840 m., in forest borders (small stiffly branched tree 3-4 m.; flowers yellow-green). Melicope sterrophylla appears to be a very distinct species. We can- not suggest its alliance although the material seems to fall within the generic limits of Melicope. Its distinguishing characters are the very stiff leaves, the short and few-flowered subterminal inflorescences, the filaments bearded on the inner face, the large cordate anthers, the short villous style between the glabrous 4-carpelled ovary, and the large globose 4-lobed stigma. Melicope polyadenia sp. nov. Arbor usque 10 m. alta; ramulis subteretibus, glabris; innovationibus, ramulis novellis, petiolis foliolisque dense minuteque glanduloso- pustulatis, glabris; foliis unifoliolatis; petiolo circiter 2.4 cm. longo, supra subcanaliculato; foliolo sessili, subcoriaceo, obovato, 7-11.5 cm. longo, 4-5.5 cm. lato, basi cuneato, apice obtuso vel retuso; venis pri- mariis utrinsecus 9-13, oblique patentibus, prope marginem arcuatim anastomosantibus, utrinque manifestis; costa subtus prominente; pani- culis 2.5 cm. longis pedunculo 1 cm. longo incluso, glabris, pauci-ramosis, ramis brevissimis (2-3 mm. longis); pedicellis 2 mm. longis; sepalis 2 mm. longis, basim versus connatis, ovatis, acutiusculis, minute glan- dulosis; petalis 3.5 mm. longis, apice longiuscule inflexo-apiculatis, minute glandulosis; staminibus 8, non fertilibus; filamentis complanatis, longitudinem ovarii fere aequantibus, glabris; antheris minutis; disco vix manifesto; ovario 1.2 mm. longo, 4-partito, minute glanduloso; stylo 1 mm. longo, glabro, stigmate capitato, 4-lobulato; fructibus (uno tantum viso) 4-coccis; coccis dense minuteque glanduloso- pustulatis, oblique ovoideis, apiculatis; semine 4 mm. longo, 3 mm. lato, modice compresso. British New Guinea: Central Division, Mount Tafa, Brass 4858 (tyPE), May—September 1933, alt. 2400 m., common in forests (small tree up to 10 m. high; midrib prominent beneath; flowers cream-colored ; fruit dark green, seeds black). This species, in its foliar character, is somewhat like Melicope sar- cococca Lauterb. It has, however, a shorter panicle, the mericarp is not pedicellate, and the epicarp, although glandular, could scarcely be con- sidered fleshy. The entire new growth is copiously glandular-pustulate. The flowers are probably unisexual, as the anthers are incompletely developed. 48 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. xxl Melicope heterophylla sp. nov. Arbor usque 12 m. alta, glabra; ramulis subteretibus, novellis minute glandulosis; foliis uni- atque tri-foliolatis; petiolo 2-5 cm. longo, can- aliculato; foliolis brevissime petiolulatis (petiolulis 1-2 mm. longis), chartaceis vel tenuiter coriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis, 3—7.5 cm. longis, 1-3 cm. latis (lateralibus quam terminali saepe paullo brevioribus), basi obtusis vel cuneatis, apice retusis vel obtusis, utrinque glabris, crebre glanduloso-punctatis; costa supra impressa, subtus prominente; venis primariis utrinsecus 9-11, patentibus, prope marginem arcuatim con- fluentibus, inconspicuis vel vix manifestis; paniculis axillaribus, ple- rumque quam petiolo brevioribus, ramulis brevibus (usque 4 mm. longis), paucifloris; sepalis fere ad medium connatis, lobis ovatis, ob- tusiusculis, 1 mm. longis; ¢: staminibus 8, filamentis 4 mm. longis, 4 paullo brevioribus, applanatis, glabris, antheris 1 mm. longis; @: staminodiis 8, longitudinem ovarii fere aequantibus, glabris; disco glabro, 0.5 mm. alto; ovario subangulato, glabro; stylo 1 mm. longo; stigmate subgloboso-capitato; fructibus 1-4-coccis, coccis liberis basi connatis, minute pustulatis, subglobosis, 4 mm. diametro; semine 3 mm. diametro. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 10296 (typE), October 1938, alt. 2800 m., seral growths in a small forest opening (tree 4 m. high; aromatic, flowers white); Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 11417, November 1938, alt. 2200 m., in a small forest clearing (very slender tree 5 m., high; flowers white); Bele River, Brass 11529, November 1938, alt. 2400 m., occasional in forest substage (tree 12 m. high; flowers white). Melicope heterophylia is perhaps allied to M. alba Lauterb., but the petioles are not winged, the leaflets are shorter petiolulate than those of the 'related species, and oblong-elliptic and retuse or obtuse at the apex, rather than lanceolate and obtusely subacuminate. Melicope novo-guineensis Val. Bull. Dep. Agr. Ind. Neerl. 10: 24. 1907, Ic. Bogor. 3: 195, t. 274. 1908; Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 55: 241. 1918, Nov. Guin. 14: 141. 1924. BritisH New Guinea: Palmer River, 2 miles below Black River Junction, Brass 7078, June 1936, alt. 100 m., common in undergrowth of ridge-forests (a small tree 3 m. high; flowers white). NETHERLANDS NEw GuINeEA: 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 13027, February 1939, alt. 1250 m., rain-forest undergrowth (slender tree 2.5 m. high). One collection is in flower, the other in fruit; the first has 1-foliolate leaves, the second shows both 1-foliolate and 3-foliolate leaves. Lauter- 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 49 bach, in his key to the species of this genus, characterizes the leaves of this species as smooth. Valeton describes the veins on the lower surface as minutely hirsute. The species is very close to M. papuana Lauterb. Melicope clathrata sp. nov. Arbor 6—9 m. alta; ramulis novellis velutinis; foliis trifoliolatis; petiolo 3-9 cm. longo, velutino; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis 1-1.5 cm. longis, velutinis, supra subapplanatis), coriaceis, discoloribus, ellipticis vel obovato-ellipticis, 7-12(—19) cm. longis, 4-7(-10) cm. latis, basi cune- atis vel obtusis, apice obtusis vel ?apiculatis, supra glabris, in costa + tomentosis, subtus parce tomentosis, in costa tomentosis; venis primariis utrinsecus 15(—18), oblique patentibus, subtus prominentibus, tomen- tosis; venulis supra inconspicuis, subtus clathrato-reticulatis; paniculis e ramis 8 mm. diametro ortis, multifloris (floribus non visis) ; fructibus dense confertis; sepalis ovatis, 1 mm. longis, tomentosis; petalis ovatis, acutis, 2 mm. longis, 1.5 mm, latis, extus tomentosis, intus glabris; stam- inibus 8, ?glabris; fructibus 1—4-coccis; coccis liberis, dense tomentosis, subglobosis, circiter 5 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis, vix compressis; endocar- pio soluto; semine 3.5 mm. longo, 3 mm. lato. NORTHEASTERN NEw GUINEA: Morobe District, Ogeramnang, Clem- ens 4713 (TYPE), December 1936, alt. 1800 m., in forest with Podocarpus and: Dacrydium ; Yunzaing, Clemens 4101, September 1936, alt. 1500 m. Although both these numbers are fragmentary specimens, we have not found any description of a species in which they might belong. For- tunately, upon scanning the fruits we found a few to which the petals and withered stamens were still attached. The description of the flowers of M. trachycarpa Lauterb. might fit these specimens, but surely the cocci in our species would not be considered rough, and the characteriza- tion of the leaves does not suit this material at all. Melicope coriacea sp. nov. Arbuscula 2—4 m. alta; ramulis glabratis, innovationibus tomentosis ; foliis trifoliolatis; petiolo 3.5—4.5 cm. longo, minute tomentoso, supra canaliculato; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis 1.1-2 cm. longis, subapplan- atis, minute tomentosis), coriaceis, discoloribus, ellipticis, 9-14 cm. longis, 5—7 cm. latis, basi obtusis atque leviter decurrentibus, apice acutiusculis (fere obtusis), supra glabris (costa interdum pubescente), subtus + tomentosis; venis primariis utrinsecus 12—15, supra impressis, subtus perspicuis, patenti-curvatis, ad marginem arcuatim confluentibus; venulis laxe reticulatis, supra subobscuris, subtus manifestis; paniculis in axillis foliorum superiorum (subterminalibus) , immaturis, tomentosis; 50 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XX sepalis tomentosis, fere ad medium connatis, ovatis, circiter 1 mm. longis; petalis oblongis, 2.5 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis, utrinque minute tomen- tosis; staminibus 8, circiter 1 mm. longis; filamentis subulatis, glabris; fructibus 1—4-coccis; coccis basi cohaerentibus, minute tomentosis, sub- globosis, apiculatis, + 4 mm. diametro. BritisH New GuINEA: Central Division, Wharton Range, Murray Pass, Brass 4574 (TYPE), June-September 1933, alt. 2840 m., shrubby forest borders (common small tree 2—4 m. with stiff erect branches; leaves pale; flowers and fruit green). The inflorescences on this specimen show only very young buds. The description of the flower is compiled from the parts attached to the immature fruits. We have noted two other species, Melicope reticulata Lauterb. and M. perspicuinervia with petals tomentose on both surfaces. In M. coriacea the trichomes on the lower surface of the leaf are not confined to the venation; the fruit is tomentose (not subrugose). Melicope perspicuinervia sp. nov. Ramuli tomentosi ad glabrati; foliis trifoliolatis; petiolo 7-11 cm. longo, minute tomentoso; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis 6-9 mm. longis, minute tomentosis), chartaceo-coriaceis, discoloribus, oblanceolatis ad oblongo- ellipticis, 14-21 cm. longis, 4.5-7.5 cm. latis (parte latissima ultra medium), basi anguste cuneatis, decurrentibus, apice breviter acuminatis (fere cuspidatis), supra (costa pubescente excepta) glabris, subtus secus costam venasque primarias tomentosis ad glabratis; venis primariis utrinsecus 9-12 patenti-curvatis, marginem versus arcuatim anastomo- santibus, supra impressis, subtus perspicuis; venulis laxe reticulatis, subtus subprominulis; paniculis axillaribus + 8 cm. longis, minute tomentosis, multifloris; floribus non visis; sepalis circiter 1.2 mm. longis, ovatis; petalis circiter 3 mm. longis, utrinque minute tomentosis; stam- inibus 8, glabris, vix 1 mm. longis; fructibus 1—4-coccis; coccis minute tomentosis, § mm. diametro, subapiculatis. NORTHEASTERN NEw GUINEA: Morobe District, Sarawaket, Clemens 5556, 5672 (TYPE), April 1937, alt. about 2700 m. Melicope perspicuinervia is most closely related to M. reticulata Lauterb. The cocci of the former are densely short tomentose, and although apparently mature, show no suggestion of rugosity. Melicope mucronata sp. nov. Arbor usque 10 m, alta; ramulis ad nodos valde compressis, glabratis, innovationibus dense tomentosis; foliis trifoliolatis atque interdum 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 51 unifoliolatis; petiolo 6-17 cm. longo, tomentoso ad glabrato, supra canaliculato; foliolis subsessilibus (petiolulis 2-3 mm. longis, minute tomentosis) chartaceis vel tenuiter coriaceis, anguste ellipticis ad obovato-ellipticis, 9-23 cm. longis, 5-11 cm. latis (terminali quam lateralibus paullo majore), basi longe cuneatis, leviter decurrentibus, apice obtuse cuspidatis vel breviter acuminatis mucronatisque, crebre atro-punctatis supra costa pubescente excepta glabris, subtus secus costam venasque primarias tomentosis ad glabratis; venis primariis utrinsecus 13-18, oblique adscendentibus, marginem versus arcuatim anastomosantibus, supra manifestis, subtus perspicuis; venulis laxe reticulatis, subtus manifestis; paniculis axillaribus, usque 11 cm. longis, multifloris; axi, ramulis pedicellisque pubescentibus; sepalis 1.4 mm. longis, rotundatis, pubescentibus; petalis glabris, 2.5 mm. longis, vix 2 mm. latis, apice leviter inflexo-apiculatis; staminibus 8, + 2 mm. longis, 4 paullo brevioribus, filamentis glabris, ad basim applanatis; antheris circiter 0.6 mm. longis; disco crasso, 0.5 mm. longo, glabro, sublobato; carpellis 4, minutis, glabris; stylis connatis, brevissimis (vix 0.5 mm. longis), glabris; fructibus 1—4-coccis; coccis liberis, subglobosis, apiculatis, 3-3.5 mm. diametro, glabris, subtransverse costulatis. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 10778 (Type), October 1938, alt. 2750 m., common in secondary forest (tree attaining + 10 m.; leaf-nerves impressed above, prominent below; flowers green); Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 11476, occasional in secondary forest (tree 4 m. high). In the large leaves with a long cuneate base, this plant suggests Melicope grandifolia B. L. Burtt of the Solomon Islands. The leaflets, however, are more nearly sessile, more pubescent, and more distinctly cuspidate in M. mucronata. Melicope macrophylla sp. nov. Arbuscula 3—5 m. alta; ramulis ad nodos compressis, innovationibus fulvo-pubescentibus; foliis trifoliolatis; petiolo 11-18 cm. longo, glabro; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis 2.3-3 cm. lcngis, supra subapplanatis, glabris), coriaceis, oblongis vel oblongo-ellipticis, 20-33 cm. longis, 8.5-13.5 cm. latis (terminali quam lateralibus paullo majore), basi cuneatis, apice rotundatis vel apiculatis, utrinque glabris, inconspicue glanduloso-punctulatis, supra olivaceo-viridescentibus, subtus brunne- scentibus; costa subtus prominente; venis primariis utrinsecus 16-21, patentibus, marginem versus arcuatim anastomosantibus, subtus pro- minulis; venulis laxe reticulatis, subtus fere prominulis; paniculis axillaribus (novellis velutinis, pedicellis alabastrisque glabris), in fructu 19 cm. longis, multifloris; pedicellis + 2 mm. longis; calyce fere ad 52 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. Xx medium 4-lobato, lobis vix 1 mm. longis, ovatis, acutis; petalis glabris, in alabastro extus minute glandulosis; staminibus 8, 4 brevioribus; ovario 4-lobato, glabro; stylo glabro; stigmate minute 4-lobato; fructi- bus (probabiliter immaturis) 1—4-coccis; coccis basi nee vix 5 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis, compresse subglobosis, apiculatis, glanduloso- pustulatis. NETHERLANDS NEW GuINEA: Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 11401 (type), November 1938, alt. 2300 m., forest undergrowth, common in moist sheltered hollows (tree 3-5 m. high; flowers white — young buds only) Melicope macrophylla, in some characters, approaches M. iboensis Lauterb., but in the former the petiolules are much longer, the upper and lower surfaces of the dried leaves are not the same color (this character of like color was emphasized by Lauterbach in the comment following the description of his species), the axis of the inflorescence is velutinous, but the pedicels are glabrous both on the very immature bud and on the fruit. Melicope solomonensis sp. nov. Arbor usque 15 m. alta; ramulis minute puberulis vel glabris; foliis trifoliolatis; petiolo 12 cm. longo, glabro; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis 5-10 cm. longis, glabris), chartaceis, minute consperseque pellucido- punctatis, fere opacis, oblongo-ellipticis, 15-40 cm. longis, 6-11 cm. latis, basi cuneatis (lateralibus basi inaequalibus), apice breviter acumi- natis (acumine 5 mm. longo), utrinque glabris, subtus interdum costa venisque parce minuteque pubescentibus; venis primariis utrinsecus 12-20, oblique patentibus, ad marginem arcuatim confluentibus, mani- festis; venulis laxe reticulatis, supra inconspicuis, subtus submanifestis; paniculis axillaribus, usque 19 cm. longis, multifloris; floribus sub- glomeratis; axi, ramulis pedicellisque minute pubescentibus; calyce 1 mm. longo ultra medium lobato, puberulo; petalis 2 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis, glabris; staminibus 8, glabris; disco crasso, lobato, glabro; carpellis 4, minutis; stylis connatis, brevissimis. SOLOMON IsLANDs: Guadalcanal, Uulolo, Tutuve Mountain, Kajew- ski 2511 (Type), April 1931, alt. 1200 m., common in rain-forest (tree up to 15 m. high; flowers white). The species seems closely related to Melicope grandifolia B. L. Burtt; yet it differs in that the leaves are not densely pellucid-glandular, in outline they are oblong-elliptic rather than obovate-lanceolate, the reticulations are lax and inconspicuous, and the flowers are slightly smaller than in M. grandifolia B. L. Burtt 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 53 Melicope pubifolia sp. nov. Arbuscula 3 m. alta; innovationibus, petiolis, petiolulis, axi inflore- scentiae ramulisque fulvo-tomentosis; foliis uni- atque tri-foliolatis; petiolo 1.5-3.5 cm. longo, subtereti; foliolis breviter petiolulatis (petio- lulis 3-5 mm. longis), tenuiter coriaceis, ellipticis vel interdum leviter obovato-ellipticis (terminali usque 7—8 cm. longis, 4 cm. latis, lateralibus + 4.5 cm. longis, 2.2 cm. latis), basi obtusis vel cuneatis, apice obtusis, paululo apiculatis, supra puberulis vel glabris, costa pubescente, subtus minute strigillosis, costa venisque primariis tomentulosis; venis primariis utrinsecus 8-10, patentibus, prope marginem arcuatim confluentibus, supra inconspicuis, subtus perspicuis; venulis reticulatis, subtus mani- festis; paniculis circiter 7 cm. longis, gracilibus, parce ramosis, pauci- floris; pedicellis circiter 3 mm. longis, minute pubescentibus; calyce fere ad medium 4-lobato, minute pubescente, lobis rotundatis, + 0.6 mm. longis; petalis 2.2 mm. longis, 1.4 mm. latis, apice inflexo-apiculatis, glabris; staminibus glabris, 4 brevioribus; filamentis applanatis, antheris late ellipticis; disco glabro, sublobato; ovario 4-partito, glabro; stylo circiter 0.2 mm. longo; fructibus 1—4-coccis; coccis liberis, 5 mm. longis, 3.5 mm. latis, rotundatis, minute pustulatis, glabris, leviter rugulosis; semine circiter 4 mm. longo. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 18 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 12697 (type), February 1939, alt. 2150 m., in mossy forest seral growths (tree 3 m. high; flowers white; fruit red). The best characters of this species are the tawny pubescence, the shape of the leaflets, the prominent primary veins on their lower surface, and the slender sparsely branched inflorescences with few flowers. Tetractomia Hooker f. Tetractomia Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 490. 1875. Terminthodia sensu Ridley, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 9:24. 1916; Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 55: 245. 1918, Nov. Guin. 14: 142. 1924, Bot. Jahrb. 59: 535. 1925; Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 19a: 230. 1931; vix Ridley 1915. Glancing over the Rutaceae preparatory to studying the material of this family in the Papuan collections, we were impressed by the re- semblance of specimens labelled Tetractomia Hook. f. to those we had accepted as Terminthodia Ridley. A further scrutiny of seven Malay- sian species (among them Tetractomia Roxburghii Hook. f., one of the original species of the genus) failed to reveal any generic differences in the specimens at hand. A brief review of the literature shows that 54 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII (probably on account of the floral character: 8 stamens, 4 perfect, 4 imperfect) Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(4): 122. 1895, reduced Hooker’s genus to a section of Melicope Forst. apparently overlooking the significant feature of the winged seeds. While the floral characters approximate those of Melicope Forster, it impresses us as illogical to place a group of rutaceous plants with winged seeds in a genus where the seeds are not at all winged. Lauterbach, Bot. Jahrb. 55: 246. 1918, accepted Engler’s disposition of Tetractomia Hook. f.; although, after describing Terminthodia Schultzei Leonhardi, he pommel, “Die Gattung steht der Sektion Tetractoma (Hook. f.) Engl. von Melicope ausserordentlich nahe und unterschiedet sich von derselben nur durch die gefliigelten Samen.” But even if no authentic fruiting material was available for examination, it is to be noted that both the description and the plate of Tetractomia Roxburghii Hook. f. Ic. 16: t. 1512. 1886, clearly delineate the character of the winged seeds. Ridley, on the other hand, allied the genus Terminthodia to Evodia, also because of the number of stamens (4 perfect, none imperfect); the differential character was the winged seed of the former. When describing Termin- thodia oppositifolia, from New Guinea, however, he enlarged the concept of his genus to include a plant with flowers having ‘“‘4 staminodes alter- nating with the stamens each consisting of a short filament adnate to the petal ard an abortive triangular anther.” By this modified interpreta- tion of the genus it then corresponded to the characters of the much older Tetractomia Hook. f.; hence, at least as to the Papuan species, the genus Terminthodia Ridley is not tenable. We have seen no material representing the Malay Peninsula Terminthodia viridiflora Ridl. which typifies the genus as Ridley originally characterized it. Tetractomia oppositifolia (Ridl.) comb. nov. Terminthodia oppositifolia Ridl. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 9: 24. 1916. Tetractomia rotundifolia (Ridl.) comb. nov. Terminthodia rotundifolia Ridl. in Gibbs, Contr. Phytog. Fl. Arfak Mts. 143. 1917. Tetractomia Schultzei Leonhardi (Lauterb.) comb. nov. Terminthodia Schultzei Leonhardi Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 55: 245. 1918, Tetractomia Treubiana (Lauterb.) comb. nov. Terminthodia Treubiana Lauterb. Nov. Guin. 14: 142. 1924. Tetractomia orbiculata (Markgraf) comb. n Terminthodia orbiculata Markgrat, Nov. es en 143. 1924. Tetractomia lanceolata (Lauterb.) comb. nov. Terminthodia lanceolata Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 535. 1925. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 55 Tetractomia Lauterbachiana nom. nov. Terminthodia obovata Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 55: 246. 1918. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINFA: 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 11197, January 1939, alt. 1780 m., frequent in primary forest (tree 25 m. high, 45 cm. diameter; bark gray- brown, fairly rough; wood light yellow; flowers rose; fruit greenish brown); Brass 12016, 12134, 12172, January 1939, alt. 1800 m. and 1950 m., subsidiary tree in mossy forest. The specific epithet obovata is already pre-empted in the genus Tetractomia. Tetractomia Lauterbachiana forma pumila forma nova. A typo recedit foliis minoribus (3-5 cm. longis, 2—2.5 cm. latis), petiolis circiter 8 mm. longis, floribus paucioribus. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: 18 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 12454 (type), 12192, February and January 1939, alt. 2150 and 2100 m., mossy forest, common in open parts of the forest and abundant in low scrub on an exposed summit (tree 2-4 m. high; leaves concave with recurved margins; flowers red). The general habit of these collections is so like that of Tetractomia Lauterbachiana that we take them to be a form of the species occurring in exposed places at high altitudes. The leaflets are much smaller with shorter petioles and there are fewer flowers in the inflorescence. In addition to the above species which we are reasonably sure (from their descriptions) belong to Tetractomia Hook. f., Lauterbach, Nov. Guin. 14: 142. 1924, has suggested another, Melicope (Tetractoma) Lamii Lauterb., based on a flowering specimen. We merely point out that the superficial generic characters of the flowers are so alike that it is practically necessary to know the position of a young seed in the locule, to determine whether the species belongs to Melicope Forst. or to Tetractomia Hook. f. Those of the former genus show axile placenta- tion, those of the latter are basally located. Acronychia Forst. Acronychia rhytidocarpa sp. nov. Arbor 4-5 m. alta; ramulis glabratis, innovationibus velutino- tomentosis; foliis trifoliolatis; petiolo 4-9.5 cm. longo, tomentoso ad glabrato; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis + 7 mm. longis, minute pube- scentibus), chartaceis, pellucido-punctatis, oblongo-ellipticis, basi acutis vel cuneatis, in petiolulum decurrentibus, apice breviter atque obtusissime 56 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII acuminatis, utrinque glabris, interdum costa pubescentibus; venis primariis utrinsecus 11-16, patenti-adscendentibus, marginem versus curvatis, inconspicue anastomosantibus; venulis laxe reticulatis, in- conspicuis; inflorescentiis axillaribus praecipue in axillis foliorum de- lapsorum, 4-6 cm. longis; axi, ramulis pedicellisque minute denseque tomentosis; pedicellis fractitcts 4 mm. longis; floribus non visis; calyce breviter fobats, pubescente; petalis extus minute pubescentibus, intus ad basim pubescentibus; staminibus intus ad basim ?pilosis; fructibus apertis circiter 1.5 cm. diametro; exocarpio glanduloso, extus dense transverse rugoso. BriT1IsH NEw GUINEA: Central Division, Laloki River, Rona, Brass 3566 (TYPE), March 1933, alt. 450 m., gully rain-forests, common (small tree 4-5 m. tall, with rather rough brown bark, and pale somewhat fleshy leaves; fruit rugose, yellow green, very glandular and secreting in the rind a yellowish viscid substance with a pungent odor). This collection has previously been associated with Acronychia melicopoides F. v. Muell. Although the foliage is somewhat like that of the species mentioned, the fruits of the two are unlike. That of the Australian plant has a thicker pericarp and lacks the copious glandular secretion which is an outstanding feature of the fruit of the Papuan species. Acronychia elliptica sp. nov. Arbor usque 15 m. alta; ramulis subteretibus, innovationibus minute pubescentibus, mox glabratis; foliis unifoliolatis; petiolo 1.5—4 cm. longo, puberulo, mox glabro; foliolo sessili, chartaceo, elliptico, 9-14 cm. longo, 4-7 cm. lato, basi cuneato, apice obtuso vel retuso, utrinque glabro, subtus minute atro-punctato; venis primariis utrinsecus + 14, oblique patentibus, marginem versus arcuatim anastomosantibus; venulis numerosis, reticulatis, utrinque manifestis; paniculis axillaribus, 3—4.5 cm. longis; axi, ramulis pedicellisque puberulis; sepalis rotundatis, vix 1 mm. longis, puberulis; petalis 5 mm. longis, 1-1.5 mm. latis, glabris, ad basim ciliatis; staminibus 8, filamentis subulatis, basim versus dila- tatis, fere ad medium dense hirsutis (pilis retrorsis), basi intus glabris; antheris ellipticis, 0.5 mm. longis; disco 0.5 mm. alto, glabro; ovario circiter 2 mm. longo, villoso; stylo 2 mm. longo, basi tantum parce villoso; stigmate vix incrassato, 4-lobulato. British New Guinea: Western Division, Daru Island, Brass 6309 (TYPE), March 1936, common in light rain-forest (tree about 15 m. high; bark brown, slightly fissured; flowers white; fruit not seen) ; Upper Wassi Kussa River (left branch), Brass 8643, January 1937, gallery 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 57 rain-forests (common small tree 3—4 m. high; leaf-nerves pale and con- spicuous above; flowers green). The plant superficially resembles Acronychia laevis Forst., but it is readily distinguished from the latter by the villous ovary. In the latter character it is like the Malaysian A. pedunculata (L.) Migq., yet differs in the glabrous petals and disk; the inflorescence is also much shorter. Acronychia goniocarpa sp. nov. Arbor magna, 25 m., alta, cauli 25-40 cm. diametro; ramulis glabris, in sicco nigrescentibus, innovationibus puberulis; foliis uni- atque tri- foliolatis; petiolo 3-6 cm. longo, glabro vel puberulo; foliolis petiolulatis (petiolulis 1-1.5 cm. longis) , subcoriaceis, minute glanduloso-punctulatis, oblongo-ellipticis, 10-20 cm. longis, 4.5-7 cm. latis, basi subrotundato- cuneatis (lateralibus basi inaequalibus), brevissime obtuseque acumi- natis vel obtusis, utrinque glaberrimis; venis primariis utrinsecus 14-18, patenti-curvatis, marginem versus arcuatim anastomosantibus, in utraque pagina subaequaliter manifestis; venulis numerosis, reticulatis, manifestis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, saepissime ex axillis foliorum de- lapsorum, + 9 cm. longis pedunculo 3-4 cm. longo incluso, glabris; floribus non visis; sepalis 1 mm. longis, 2 mm. latis, ad medium connatis; disco annulari, glabro; filamentis glabris; fructibus glabris, minute glandulosis, 1.3-1.5 mm. longis, angulatis, obpyriformibus, apiculatis (stylo basi subhirtello), pericarpio in sicco irregulariter lacunoso- fissurato. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 11926, Brass 12093 (TYPE), January 1939, alt. 1780 m. and 1750 m., rain-forest of upper slopes (large canopy tree 25 m. high, 25 cm. stem-diameter [other collection 41 cm.], branch- lets, petioles, and peduncles covered with a pale glaucous bloom; fruit yellow, deeply rugose). The fruit of Acronychia goniocarpa somewhat resembles that of A. acidula F. v. Muell. but the epicarp is irregularly torn in drying. The latter species has only unifoliolate leaves. Acronychia melicopoides F. v. Muell. Fragm. Phytogr. Austr. 5: 3. 1865; F. M. Bail. Queensl. Fl. 1: 209. 1899; Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 55: 251. 1918, Nov. Guin. 14: 144. 1924; C. T. White Contr. Arnold Arb. 4: 50. 1933. NETHERLANDS New GuINEA: Hollandia, Brass 8955, July 1938, alt. 20 m., rare in dry open rain-forest second growth (tree 3 m. high). This species has already been reported by Lauterbach from Humboldt Bay. We merely add that the material cited above agrees precisely 58 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXL with the Australian collections in both flower and fruit characters. The leaves of the New Guinea specimens are smaller and somewhat more glandular, the obtusely acuminate apex is distinctly recurved, and the base is acutely cuneate, usually a little narrower than in the Australian specimens. Acronychia Pullei Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 55: 250, 251. 1918, Nov. Guin. 14: 144. 1924. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 11951, Brass 12044, January 1939, alt. 1900 m. and 1800 m., in mossy forest on slopes (tree 6-25 m. high; fruit yellow, rugose). NORTHEASTERN NEW GuINEA: Busu River, Clemens 6274, May 1937, alt. 1800-2400 m. British NEw GUINEA: Central Division, Mount Tafa, Brass 4883, May—September 1933, alt. 2400 m., in forest regrowths (small tree with pale dull leaves and numer- ous white flowers). The dried fruit is small, 5-6 mm. diameter, subglobose, flattened at the base, copiously dotted with minute glands, and roughened by irregu- lar short clefts in the apparently fleshy pericarp. The species was described from a flowering specimen. Acronychia trifoliolata Zoll. & Mor. in Zoll. Nat. Geneesk. Arch. Neerl. Ind. 2: 585. 1845; Koord. & Val. Meded. Lands Plant. 17: 236 (Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 4: 326). 1896 (as trifoliata). SoLoMoN IsLanps: Guadalcanal, Sorvorhio Basin, Kajewski 2699, January 1932, alt. about 270 m., common in rain-forest (tree + 22 m. high, with light gray bark, cream-colored flowers, and small yellow-green fruits citron-scented when crushed, 7 mm. long, 5 mm. diameter). The collection compares favorably with the material from Java assigned to this species. Acronychia Muelleri (Engler) W. D. Francis, Kew Bull. 1931: 190. 1931 and A. cauliflora Lauterb. ought to be compared. We suspect that the latter species, Bot. Jahrb. 55: 253, f. 5. 1918, is identical with the former which holds the right of priority in name. We do not care to make the reduction without the opportunity of examining the types. Acronychia anomala Lauterb. Nov. Guin. I4: 145. 1924, cannot possibly be an Acronychia according to the accepted generic concept. We have no specimen which fits the description, so we leave its proper disposition to others. It may prove to be an Evodia. Flindersia R. Br. Flindersia Schottiana F. v. Muell. Fragm. Phytogr. Austr. 3: 25. 1862: F. M. Bail. Queensl. Fl. 1: 241. 1899; Maiden, For. Fl. N. S. W. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, V 59 2: 155. t. 69, 70. 1905; C. T. White, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 46: 327. 1921. BritisH New Guinea: Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 7991, October 1936, rain-forest, common on ridges (large canopy tree; stem spur-buttressed; bark pale brown-gray, with promi- nent corky lenticels; wood soft, white; leaves pale below; flowers white, sweet-scented). Previously known from Australia. Flindersia chrysantha sp. nov. Arbor + 23 m. alta; ramulis fuscis, lenticellatis, novellis puberulis; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, pari- ac impari-pinnatis, 2—3-jugis; ‘peti- olo 3—4.5 cm. longo et rhachi 2.5-4.5 cm. longa glabratis; foliolis oppo- sitis vel suboppositis, coriaceis, 6-10 cm. longis, 2—3.5 cm. latis, late lanceolatis vel falcato-oblongis, inaequilateralibus (vel terminali sub- aequilaterali), basi + rotundatis, apice acuminatis (acumine + 1 cm. longo), petiolulatis (petiolulis + 6 mm. longis), utrinque glabris, margine integris; costa subtus prominente; venis primariis utrin- secus 10-13, manifestis; paniculis amplis; axi, ramulis pedicellisque dense puberulis vel brevissime pubescentibus; floribus flavis; sepalis 1 mm. longis, ovatis, obtusis, glabratis, ciliolatis; petalis ellipticis, 3 mm. longis, obtusis, glabris; filamentis 2 mm. longis, prope apicem parce pilosis, antheris ovoideis cordatis, apiculatis; s‘ami- nodiis longitudinem filamentorum fere aequantibus, applanatis; disco membranaceo, undulato, glabro; ovario dense pubescente, 5-loculari, stylo brevissimo (0.4 mm. longo), stigmate depresse capitato-lobato. NETHERLANDS NEw GutneEa: Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass & Versteegh 11128 (type), November 1938, alt. + 2300 m., frequent tree of old secondary forest (23 m. high, 30 cm. diameter; bark 5 mm. thick, brown, smooth; flowers yellow). Flindersia chrysantha belongs in the same sequence with F. laevicarpa C. T. White, F. Pimenteliana F. v. Muell. and F. Oxleyana F. v. Muell. It seems most like the first, but the specimens are not in comparable stages of development (one flowering, one fruiting). In F. laevicarpa C. T. White the leaves are decurrent at the base (in F. Oxleyana they are narrowed at the base), and the branches of the panicle are glabrous or very thinly puberulent. The flowers of F. Pimenteliana F. v. Muell. are red, and the petals are pubescent outside. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, Harvarp UNIVERSITY. 60 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xxu STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, I* A. C. SMITH A SERIES of papers, of which this is the first, is planned to discuss certain groups of plants represented by the accumulated material in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The larger part of the New Guinea specimens has been obtained by Mr. L. J. Brass, botanist of the Richard Archbold Expedi- tions, while the material from the Solomon Islands was chiefly collected by Mr. Brass and Mr. S. F. Kajewski. This series is expected to be supplementary to that of Drs. E. D. Merrill and L. M. Perry, Plantae Papuanae Archboldianae, now appearing in the Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. All specimens cited in this series, unless otherwise mentioned, are deposited in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum. MYRISTICACEAE Since Dr. F. Markgraf (Bot. Jahrb. 67: 143-170. 1935) has recently and ably summarized the Papuan species of Myristicaceae, no attempt is here made to discuss all of the recently collected specimens or to revise the group. The present treatment is limited merely to a discussion of range-extensions or specimens of unusual interest and to descriptions of 16 species which appear to be new. The order of treatment essen- tially follows that adopted by Markgraf. For the purposes of this study I have examined specimens deposited in the following herbaria: Arnold Arboretum (A),-New York Botanical Garden (NY), U. S. National Herbarium (US), and Yale School of Forestry (Y); I am indebted to the Directors and Curators of these institutions for the privilege of bor- rowing material. The place of deposit of specimens is shown by the indicated letters in parentheses; when no place of deposit is shown, the specimen has been seen only in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum. HorsFietpia Willd. Horsfieldia trifida sp. nov. Arbor ad 26 m. alta ubique praeter inflorescentiam et ramulos novellos inconspicue ferrugineo-puberulos glabra, cortice crassa nigrescente, *Botanical Results of the Richard Archbold Expeditions. 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, I 61 trunco ad 60 cm. diametro, ramulis subteretibus; petiolis gracilibus leviter canaliculatis 11-17 mm. longis; laminis papyraceis vel chartaceis anguste oblongis, 22-28 cm. longis, 5.5—7 cm. latis, basi plerumque rotundatis interdum obtusis, apice cuspidatis vel breviter acuminatis (apice ipso obtuso ad 4 mm. longo), margine leviter reflexis, costa supra subplana vel leviter elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrin- secus 17—22 patentibus leviter arcuatis marginem versus manifeste anas- tomosantibus supra subplanis subtus valde prominulis, venulis laxe reticulatis utrinque immersis vel subtus prominulis; inflorescentiis 4 laxiuscule paniculatis 7-11 cm. longis et latis, pedunculo brevi (ad 5 mm. longo) 1.5-2 mm. diametro, ramulis paucis patentibus, floribus 5-8 in fasciculos aggregatis, bracteis minutis mox deciduis; pedicellis ad 2 mm. longis cum basi perianthii arcte ferrugineo-tomentellis (pilis minutis ramosis demum caducis); perianthio obovoideo sub anthesi 1.5-2 mm. longo fere ad basim plerumque tripartito, lobis 3 (raro 4) deltoideis subacutis; filamentis in columnam clavatam 0.2—-0.5 mm. longam connatis, antheris plerumque 14, 0.5-0.6 mm. longis, columnae dorso adnatis fere ad apices connatis; inflorescentiis @ et fructibus desideratis. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 14017 (type), April 25, 1939, alt. 75 m., in rain- forest on lower mountain slope (rare tree with red-brown wood and a small amount of red latex). NORTHEASTERN NEW GUINEA: Minjem- Gebiet, Kani-Gebirges, Schlechter 17171 (A, NY), alt. 800 m. This is doubtless the species which Markgraf (Bot. Jahrb. 67: 148. 1935) referred to H. oblongata Merr., a Philippine species which prob- ably does not occur in New Guinea. Compared with the new species, H. oblongata has the leaf-blades smaller (11-20 cm. long), somewhat elliptic and with the margins distinctly not parallel, the leaf-base acute or subacute but never rounded, the secondaries fewer (9-11), and the anastomoses fainter and farther from the margins. Schlechter 17171 was cited by Markgraf, but I have not seen the other specimens men- tioned by him, nor those which Pulle (Nova Guinea Bot. 8: 636. 1912) referred to H. costulata (Miq.) Warb. and H. leptocarpa Warb. Possibly all of these specimens represent H. trifida, the closest relative of which appears to be (as indicated by Markgraf) H. sepikensis Mark- graf. Horsfieldia trifida differs from this in its larger leaf-blades, rounded leaf-base, numerous secondaries, more ample ¢ inflorescence, short pedicels, and obvious androecium-stalk. Horsfieldia Hellwigii (Warb.) Warb. Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 68: 343. 1897; Warb. in K. Schum. & Lauterb. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzg. Siidsee 325. 1901; Markgraf, Bot. Jahrb. 67: 150. 1935. 62 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII NORTHEASTERN NEW GUINEA: Morobe District, Wareo, Clemens 1838, alt. about 550m. This species has previously been known from three specimens from the same general region as the above. Although I have seen none of these, the Clemens specimen seems to match Warburg’s description in vegetative details and to key to the species according to Markgraf. The leaf-blades of the present specimen are up to 11.5 cm. broad, somewhat broader than those previously described. As the Clemens specimen bears the first staminate inflorescence known for the species, this is described below. The pistillate inflorescence is notably shorter, accord- ing to Warburg, but this condition is to be expected in the group and does not necessarily indicate that a different species is represented. However, the Clemens specimen should be checked against the type before it is definitely taken to represent the species. Staminate inflorescences densely brown-tomentose on all exterior sur- faces (except flowers) with irregularly and copiously branched hairs, loosely paniculate, up to 10 cm. long and 6 cm. broad, the peduncle short (up to 1 cm. long), stout (about 3 mm. in diameter), the branches spreading; flowers in loose fascicles of 2—4, the bracts minute, evanescent, the pedicels slender, 2-4 mm. long; perianth subglobose, about 3 mm. in diameter, 2-lobed nearly to base; androecium-stalk stout, very short, the anthers about 14, about 1.5 mm. long, laterally connate to apex. Horsfieldia tuberculata (K. Schum.) Warb. Nova Acta Acad. Leop.- Carol. 68: 279, pl. 23. 1897; Markgraf, Bot. Jahrb. 67: 151. 1935. SoLtoMon IsLtANps: Bougainville: Siwai, Waterhouse 178 (A, Y) (jungle tree; common names: Kagkag, Aigil, Tutupun). Teop, northeast of Bougainville: Waterhouse 35 (Y) (small tree about 6 m. high, the trunk about 12 cm. diam.; common name: Vadovodovuru). Although the cited specimens have flowers slightly larger than usual for the species, they appear to fall into a reasonable concept of it. Horsfieldia tuberculata has not previously been reported east of New Ireland (Neu Mecklenburg). Horsfieldia novo-guineensis Warb. Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 68: 271. 1897; Warb. in K. Schum. & Lauterb. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzg. Siidsee 323. 1901; Pulle, Nova Guinea Bot. 8: 635. 1912; Markgraf, Bot. Jahrb. 67: 151. 1935. SOLOMON IsLANDS: Bougainville: Koniguru, Kajewski 2022, alt. 850 m. (common name: Kisu-kisu). Ysabel: Sigana, Brass 3460. Guadalcanal: Berande, Kajewski 2444 (common name: Ni-niu); Uulolo, Tutuve Mt., Kajewski 2554, alt. 1200 m.; Sorvorhio 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, I 63 basin, Kajewski 2710, alt. 200 m. (common name: Korvai). San Cristoval: Huro R., Brass 2605 (common name: Do-do). Both collectors mention the tree as common in rain-forest. Although this species has been reported from many collections in New Guinea, these are apparently the first from the Solomon Islands. Horsfieldia solomonensis sp. nov. Arbor 10-20 m. alta ubique praeter inflorescentiae ramulos interdum arcte ferrugineo-tomentellos et partes novellas saepe puberulas glabra, cortice brunnea rimosa; ramulis subteretibus vel apicem versus leviter complanatis; petiolis anguste alatis 8-17 mm. longis circiter 2 mm. diametro; laminis papyraceis vel chartaceis siccitate umbrinis amplis elliptico-oblongis plerumque manifeste obovatis, 20-32 cm. longis, (5—) 7-15 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel subrotundatis et in petiolum decurrenti- bus, apice abrupte cuspidatis, margine planis vel leviter reflexis, costa lata supra subplana subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 13-18 patentibus marginem versus leviter arcuatis et inconspicue anasto- mosantibus supra subplanis vel leviter impressis subtus prominulis, venulis inconspicue et laxe reticulatis utrinque subplanis vel leviter prominulis; inflorescentiis ¢ multifloris laxe paniculatis, 6-13 cm. longis, 3-6 cm. latis, pedunculo ad 1 cm. longo et rhachi saepe flexuosa 1.5-2 mm. diametro, ramulis patentibus, floribus 4-10 in fasciculos apices ramulorum versus laxe aggregatis, bracteis mox caducis; pedicellis robustis 1.5-3 mm. longis; perianthio subgloboso vel transverse ellip- soideo valde complanato sub anthesi circiter 2 mm. longo et 2-3 mm. lato fere ad basim bilobato, lobis rotundatis; filamentis in columnam crassam sed brevissimam et inconspicuam connatis, antheris 15-21, circiter 1.5 mm. longis, columnae crassae dorso adnatis, ad apices con- natis; inflorescentiis @ brevioribus (ad 5 cm. longis et 4 cm. latis), minus ramosis; floribus 2 vel 3 in fasciculos laxos aggregatis, pedicellis crassis ad 2 mm. longis; perianthio crasso obovoideo, 3-4 mm. longo, 2-3 mm. lato, profunde bilobato; ovario obovoideo, stigmate conspicue sulcato; fructibus maturitate ellipsoideis leviter verrucosis bicostatis ad 25 mm. longis et 15 mm. latis (ad 35 & 23 mm. ex Brass), pericarpio tenui siccitate 0.5-1 mm. crasso, arillo sicco fulvo, semine ellipsoideo, testa levi siccitate cinerea. SOLOMON IsLaNps: Bougainville: Kieta, Kajewski 1549 (tyPE), March 18, 1930 (tall tree to 20 m. high). Guadalcanal: Berande, Kajewskt 2440 (medium-sized tree to 10 m. high; common name: J arle; bark macerated in water and the solution drunk to check haemorrhages). Ulawa: Brass 2983 (excurrent tree 15 m. high, the 64 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII bark brown, fissured; flowers yellow; fruits to 3.5 cm. long and 2.3 cm. broad, obscurely 4-angled; common name: Totonio). The tree is said to be common in rain-forest at low altitudes. Pistillate inflorescences and fruits are described from Brass 2983, the other specimens bearing staminate inflorescences. Hors fieldia solomonensis is characterized by its large thin leaf-blades with the greatest breadth usually above the middle. Its closest relative is probably H. novo-guineensis Warb., with narrower leaf-blades, some- what less congested staminate flowers, fewer anthers, and smaller fruits. Horsfieldia pachycarpa sp. nov. Arbor compacta ad 10 m. alta ubique sub fructu glabra, ramulis crassis (apices versus 3.5-5 mm. diametro) fuscis leviter biangulatis parce lenticellatis; petiolis crassis (2.5-3 mm. diametro) conspicue canalicu- latis 4-6 mm. longis; laminis subcoriaceis vel chartaceis elliptico-obo- vatis, 17-21 cm. longis, 6—7.5 cm. latis, basi attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice cuspidatis vel subito caudato-acuminatis (acumine 1—1.5 cm. longo acuto), margine undulatis et siccitate anguste revolutis, utrinque leviter rugulosis in sicco fuscis et saepe subtus;paullo pallidiori- bus, costa conspicua supra subplana subtus prominente, nervis secun- dariis utrinsecus 11-14 arcuato-adscendentibus inconspicue anastomo- santibus supra leviter impressis subtus valde prominulis, venulis immersis obscuris; fructibus ut videtur solitariis e ramulis infra folia orientibus, pedicellatis (pedicellis ad 2.5 mm. diametro et 15 mm. longis), inaequali- ter subgloboso-ellipsoideis, 3.5—4 cm. longis, 3-3.7 cm. latis, longi- tudinaliter indistincte carinatis, pericarpio 6-14 mm. crasso extus sublevi et remote verrucoso, arillo integro, semine oblongo-ellipsoideo 22-24 mm. longo 13-15 mm. lato, testa tenui levi. British NEw GuINnEA: Biriatabu, Brass 610 (TYPE), alt. 450 m., Nov. 11, 1925 (compact tree 10 m. high in rain-forest, the bark chan- nelled, scaly, light brown; fruit compressed, brown). Horsfieldia pachycarpa is well characterized by its very short stout petioles, obovate few-nerved leaf-blades, and especially by its large thick-walled fruits. In foliage it suggests both H. tuberculata (K. Schum.) Warb. and H. olivaeformis Warb., but obviously differs from both in the above-mentioned characters. The type of the new species was mentioned by Markgraf (in White, Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 214. 1929) as M yristica sp. Horsfieldia congestiflora sp. nov. Arbor ad 15 m. vel plus alta ubique praeter inflorescentiam et partes novellas demum glabra; ramulis gracilibus subteretibus juventute arcte 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, I 65 ferrugineo-tomentellis; petiolis anguste alatis 8-15 mm. longis ut ramulis tomentellis; laminis chartaceis siccitate fuscis anguste elliptico-oblongis, 20-25 cm. longis, 5-8 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel subrotundatis, apice plerumque longe acuminatis itech conspicue cuspidatis, margine subplanis, utrinque minute verrucosis vel interdum sublevibus, costa supra subplana vel leviter elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 16-18 patentibus marginem versus inconspicue anastomo- santibus supra subplanis vel inconspicue elevatis subtus prominulis, venulis laxe reticulatis supra obscuris subtus leviter prominulis; inflo- rescentiis ¢ amplis multifloris laxe paniculatis 3—5-plo ramosis, ad 15 cm, longis et 8 cm. latis, pedunculo gracili ut videtur ad 4 cm. longo et rhachi saepe flexuosa ramulisque conspicue ferrugineo-tomentellis (pilis copiose ramosis) demum subglabris; floribus 8-15 in fasciculos dense confertos apices ramulorum versus aggregatis, bracteis deltoideo- oblongis puberulis ad 2 mm. longis mox caducis; pedicellis gracillimis 0.5—-1 mm. longis mox glabris; perianthio glabro subgloboso tenui sub anthesi 1—1.3 mm. diametro profunde bilobato, conspicue nigro-glandu- loso; androecio obovoideo 0.7—1 mm. longo, stipite quam antheris paullo breviore basi angustato, antheris 7 vel 8 apice liberis et conspicue in- curvatis; inflorescentiis fructiferis crassis ad 10 cm. longis, fructibus paucis maturitate aurantiacis anguste elliptico-ovoideis, 4-5 cm. longis, 1.5-2.5 cm. latis, bicostatis, basi et apice subacutis, pericarpio basim versus ad 3 mm. distaliter circiter 1 mm. crasso extus plerumque verru- coso, arillo carnoso rubro (ex Brass), semine anguste ovoideo, testa Siccitate leviter sulcata cinerea. British New GuINEA: Western Division, Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 8010 (typE), October 1936, common in rain-forest on river flood-plains (stem prominently flanged at base; bark reddish, very thick and hard, with pitted flaky surface; flowers yellow, fragrant); Palmer River, 2 m. below junction of Black River, Brass 6969, common in forest substage on river banks (branches droop- ing, leafy toward apices; fruiting inflorescences lateral on old wood). Staminate inflorescences are described from the type and fruits from Brass 6969. Horsfieldia congestiflora is well-marked by its minute and densely crowded staminate flowers on ample inflorescences which are tomen- tellous, at least until anthesis. These characters readily distinguish it from other Papuan species. Its closest relative is apparently H. pilifera Markgraf, from which the new species differs in the above mentioned characters, its proportionately somewhat narrower leaf-blades with more obviously elongate apices and more numerous secondaries, its glandular 66 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxII perianth, and its androecium with an obvious stalk and fewer anthers, which are inflexed at the apices. Myristica L. Myristica Markgraviana sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis gracilibus juvenilibus leviter angulatis arcte et densis- sime ferrugineo-tomentellis demum teretibus cinereis glabris; petiolis supra complanatis 15-25 mm. longis ut ramulis juventute tomentellis mox glabris; laminis chartaceis fuscescentibus oblongo-ellipticis, 12—17 cm. longis, 5-8 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel subacutis, apice ut videtur cuspidatis vel breviter acuminatis, supra saepe nitidis praeter costam interdum tomentellam glabris, subtus pallidioribus et (praecipue ad nervos) parce brunneo-tomentellis demum glabris, costa valida supra subplana subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 12—15 patenti- bus rectis margines versus arcuatis et inconspicue anastomosantibus supra impressis subtus valde prominulis, venulis obscuris interdum supra leviter impressis et subtus inconspicue prominulis; inflorescentiis ¢ axillaribus paucifloris 3-6 cm. longis pauciramosis ubique densissime ferrugineo-velutinis (pilis saepe ad 1.5 mm. longis infra medium dense et breviter plumosis), pedunculo brevi vel subnullo et rhachi 2—3 mm. diametro; floribus 2—5 in fasciculos ad apices inflorescentiae ramulorum aggregatis vel interdum apices versus solitariis, bracteis parvis, pedicellis validis sub anthesi 6-13 mm. longis apice bracteola carnosa late sub- orbiculari-ovata rotundata circiter 2-3 mm. longa et 3—5 mm. lata intus glabra bracteolatis; perianthio crasse carnoso ellipsoideo vel obovoideo, sub anthesi 6-10 mm. longo et 5~7 mm. diametro, intus glabro, lobis 3 oblongo-deltoideis subacutis 2-4 mm. longis; androecio quam peri- anthio paullo breviore, stipite 1-2 mm. longo crasso (0.6—0.8 mm. diametro) striato, antheris 16 vel 17, 4-7 mm. longis, ad columnam crassam subtrigonam adnatis. NORTHEASTERN NEw GuINEA: Morobe District, Quembung, Clemens 1142 (TYPE), alt. 650-900 m., December 11, 1935; Minjem region, Kaulo, near Stephansort, Schlechter 16789 (A, NY), alt. 300 m. The Schlechter specimen was cited by Markgraf (Bot. Jahrb. 67: 158. 1935) as M. philippensis Lam., which probably does not occur in New Guinea and which differs from M. Markgraviana in its more numerous staminate flowers with shorter pedicels, much larger bracteoles, and closer and paler tomentum. ‘The leaf-blades of the Philippine species average considerably longer than those of the new species and have more numerous secondaries. Among Papuan species, M. Markgraviana is perhaps closest to M. velutina Markgraf and M. cucullata Markgraf, but 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, I 67 the type of inflorescence, the broadly ellipsoid perianth, the pubescence, and leaf-characters readily distinguish it. Myristica fusca Markgraf, Bot. Jahrb. 67: 158. 1935. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: Bernhard Camp and vicinity, Iden- burg River, Brass & Versteegh 13185, alt. 800 m., frequent in rain- forest on slopes (tree 22 m. high, the trunk 50 cm. diam., the crown not wide-spreading, the bark 15 mm. thick, black, scaly, exuding a red sap, the wood red-brown); Brass & Versteegh 13545, alt. 100 m., fre- quent in rain-forest on lower mountain slopes (tree 29 m. high, the trunk 40 cm. diam., the crown, bark, and wood as above, the flowers yellow). This well-marked species has been reported only from the three collec- tions mentioned by Markgraf from Northeastern New Guinea. The following description of the fruit, previously apparently unknown, is taken from Brass & Versteegh 13185: Fruiting pedicels terete, stout (5-6 mm. diam.), about 1 cm. long; fruits narrowly ellipsoid, 4.5-6 cm. long, 2-3 cm. diam., persistently and densely brown-tomentellous, obtuse at base, subacute or bluntly mucronate at apex, the pericarp about 1.5 mm. thick, the aril deeply laciniate, the seéd oblong-ellipsoid, up to 3.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. diam., dark brown when dried. Myristica Hollrungii Warb. Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 68: 490. 1897; Warb. in K. Schum. & Lauterb. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzg. Sudsee 328. 1901; Markgraf, Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 213. 1929; Markgraf, Bot. Jahrb. 67: 159. 1935. BritisH New GUINEA: Western Division, Wuroi, Oriomo River, Brass 5765 (A, NY), 5766 (A, NY) (the principal tree on low river- banks frequently covered by tidal backwater; erect tree 15-20 m. tall, the bark dark gray and rough, the lower trunk frequently producing clumps of long stout down-turned adventitious roots, the branchlets and leaf-nerves yellowish, the leaf-blades smooth, glaucous beneath; fruit yellow-green, to 4.5 cm. long and 3.3 cm. broad, the aril red) ; east bank of lower Fly River, opposite Sturt Island, Brass 8008 (the characteristic tree of a specialized type of tall forest restricted to low flood-plains frequently inundated by high tides, attaining a height of over 30 m. and a girth of 2 m., the trunk long and straight, supporting a spreading crown on rather weak branches, and with a great development of Rhizophora-like flying-buttress roots at base; leaves glaucous beneath; fruit yellow, ovate, about 4 cm. long, the aril red; vernacular name: nutmeg mangrove). 68 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Although several specimens of this species have been mentioned by Markgraf, the above records are listed because, to the best of my knowledge, the peculiar habit and habitat have not otherwise been detailed. Myristica Kajewskii sp. nov. Arbor ad 20 m. alta ubique praeter fructus et probabiliter inflore- scentiam glabra, ramulis robustis (apices versus 3-6 mm. diametro) sub- teretibus saepe striatis fuscis vel nigrescentibus; petiolis crassis (3—4 mm. diametro) supra canaliculatis 2.5-4 cm. longis; laminis subcoriaceis siccitate fusco-olivaceis elliptico-oblongis, 20-33 cm. longis, 7-13 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel subobtusis et in petiolum breviter decurrentibus, apice subacutis vel obtusis, margine anguste recurvatis, supra saepe nitidis, subtus pallidioribus et canescentibus, costa valida supra leviter elevata subtus valde prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 17-25 patentibus margines versus arcuatis et anastomosantibus supra sub- planis vel leviter impressis subtus valde prominulis, venulis immersis vel interdum supra obscure impressis; fructibus axillaribus ut videtur soli- tariis, pedunculo crassissimo (9-12 mm. diametro) 1.5—2 cm. longo plus minusve verrucoso saepe obscure ferrugineo-tomentello; fructibus ovoideo-ellipsoideis, maturitate 5-7 cm. longis et 4—5.5 cm. latis (ad 8.5 & 7.5 cm. ex Kajewski), utrinque subrotundatis, apice saepe obscure apiculatis, extus rugosis densissime et arcte ferrugineo-tomentellis, peri- carpio lignoso 5-10 mm. crasso, arillo fere a basi in lacinias latas paucas fisso, semine elliptico-oblongo, 30-35 mm. longo, 17-22 mm. lato, arilli impressionibus leviter sed distincte sulcato, testa dura castanea circiter 0.8 mm. crassa, SOLOMON IsLaNps: Bougainville: Kupei Gold Field, Kajew- ski 1736, alt. 1000 m. (large tree to 20 m. high, the leaves silvery beneath); Lake Luralu, Koniguru, Buin, Kajewski 2068, alt. 1500 m. (tree to 10 m. high, growing in a region of stunted forest; fruit to 8.5 by 7.5 cm., with a spicy fragrance). Guadalcanal: Uulolo, Tutuve Mt., Kajewski 2613 (type), alt. 1200 m., May 2, 1931 (large tree to 20 m. high, with fair-sized buttresses; common name: Hig-ham- bure; bark macerated and the liquid drunk to check haemorrhages). Myristica Kajewskii, which the collector notes as common in rain- forest at the listed altitudes, is characterized by its large long-petioled leaves and extremely large thick-walled pubescent fruits. As all the specimens lack flowers, it is difficult to relate the species accurately, but on other characters it suggests M. Hollrungii Warb., a lowland Papuan species with shorter petioles and smaller glabrous fruits. 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, I 69 Myristica petiolata sp. nov. Arbor ubique praeter fructus et certe inflorescentiam (non visam) glabra, ramulis (apices versus 3-5 mm. diametro) subteretibus rugosis siccitate fuscis; petiolis 2.5-6 cm. longis 2-3.5 mm. diametro valde rugosis supra canaliculatis; laminis subcoriaceis fusco-olivaceis elliptico- oblongis, 19-23 cm. longis, 5-9 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel late obtusis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice cuspidatis vel breviter acuminatis (acumine ipso obtuso), utrinque levibus et concoloribus, costa supra subplana vel acute prominula subtus valde prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 22-25 patentibus rectis margines versus obscure anastomo- santibus supra subplanis subtus paullo prominulis, venulis immersis; fructibus solitariis vel 2-4 ad apicem pedunculi crassi (4-5 mm. dia- metro) ad 1 cm. longi verrucosi aggregatis, pedicellis brevibus crassis arcte tomentellis; fructibus oblongo-ellipsoideis, 3-3.5 cm. longis, 1.7—2 cm. latis, basi rotundatis, apice obtuse apiculatis, densissime et arctissime spadiceo-velutinis (pilis ad 2 mm. longis persistentibus), pericarpio lignoso 1.5—3 mm. crasso, arillo fere a basi in lacinias latas fisso, semine ellipsoideo. SoLoMon IsLanps: Ysabel: Tatamba, Brass 3434A (TYPE), in hardwood forests, alt. 50 m., January 5, 1933 (tall slender tree, the bark gray, slightly fissured, the branchlets rusty brown). As the above-cited collection béars only fruits and leaves, it cannot accurately be placed within the genus, but I feel certain that it repre- sents an undescribed species. It is characterized by its long-petioled leaves and by the remarkably long and thick tomentum of its fruits. A species of somewhat similar aspect is the Papuan M/. subcordata Bl., with petioles hardly exceeding 1 cm. in length and with paler and less dense fruit-pubescence. The discovery of flowers, however, may prove M. petiolata to have other relationships. Myristica pachyphylla sp. nov. Arbor ad 22 m. alta praeter inflorescentiam et fructus immaturos breviter pilosos glabra, trunco gracili ad 50 cm. diametro, ramulis gracili- bus teretibus interdum leviter flexuosis; petiolis gracilibus (1-2 mm. diametro) 8-15 mm. longis conspicue canaliculatis; laminis tenuiter coriaceis fusco-olivaceis: ovato-oblongis, 9-17 cm. longis, 3—7 cm. latis, basi obtusis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice gradatim et longe attenu- atis (acumine gracili 1-2 cm. longo), margine saepe anguste recurvatis, subtus paullo pallidioribus et interdum parce brunneo-punctatis, costa valida supra conspicue elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 12-22 patentibus rectis margines versus anastomosantibus 70 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx supra acute impressis subtus prominulis, in intervallis nervis breviori- bus tenuioribusque parallelis interdum interjectis, venulis plerumque supra impressis subtus obscuris; inflorescentiis supraaxillaribus vel ex axillis defoliatis 1.2—-2 cm. longis plurifloris ubique sub anthesi minute et sparse brunneo-pilosis demum glabris, pedunculo gracili (circiter 1 mm. diametro) 3-10 mm. longo, rhachi cicatricibus florum delapsorum conspicue ornata, bracteis minutis ovatis mox caducis; floribus inflore- scentiae apicem versus congestis, pedicellis gracilibus “a 4 mm. longis bracteola inconspicua ovata rotundata 0.5-1 mm. longa paullo infra floris basim ornatis; perianthio carnoso cylindrico-ellipsoideo, sub anthesi 5.5—-6.5 mm. longo et basim versus 2—2.5 mm. diametro, lobis 3 deltoideis subacutis circiter 1 mm. longis; androecio 4—4.5 mm. longo, stipite glabro gracili 2-3 mm. longo, antheris 10 vel 11 circiter 1.5 mm. longis, columna in apicem sterilem brevem interdum obtusa; fructibus solitariis vel binis, pedunculo (e pedicello haud distinguitur) 1.5—3 mm. crasso 7-13 mm. longo glabro; fructibus oblongo-ovoideis, 3.5—4.5 cm. longis, 1.5-2 cm. latis, utrinque obtusis (juventute subattenuatis et apice mucronatis), arcte spadiceo-puberulis mox glabris, pericarpio 1—2 mm. crasso, arillo fere a basi laciniis angustis diviso, semine ellipsoideo. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 12147, alt. 1800 m. (slender tree 5—6 m. high, frequent in seral growths of openings in mossy forest; fruit orange, the aril red); Brass 12173 (type), alt. 1800 m., January 1939 (slender tree 6-7 m. high, common in mossy forest substage); Brass & Versteegh 11925, alt. 1780 m. (tree 19 m. high, the trunk 35 cm. diam., the crown small, the bark black, fairly smooth, about 7 mm. thick, the wood light brown; fruits yellow-brown; rare in primary forest on slope of a ridge) ; 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Brass & Versteegh 12597, alt. 1250 m. (tree 22 m. high, the trunk 49 cm. diam., the crown not wide- spreading, the bark black, 5 mm. thick, with red latex, the wood light red; fruits green; occasional tree of primary forest on a ridge). The type bears staminate inflorescences, the other specimens fruits. Myristica pachyphylla is closely related to M. crassipes Warb., differ- ing in its thicker and proportionately broader leaf-blades, its much more slender peduncle (of both staminate and fruiting inflorescence), and its glabrous androecium-stalk. Myristica multinervia sp. nov. Arbor ubique praeter inflorescentiam glabra, ramulis crassis (apices versus 4-6 mm. diametro) subteretibus juventute purpurascentibus demum fusco-cinereis et copiose lenticellatis; petiolis 2.5—-3 mm. dia- 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, I 71 metro 17-23 mm. longis profunde canaliculatis nigrescentibus; laminis siccitate tenuiter coriaceis oblongis, 20-32 cm. longis, 8.5—10 cm. latis, basi rotundatis, apice ut videtur breviter acuminatis, utrinque siccitate fuscis vel subtus pallidioribus, costa valida supra plana subtus promi- nente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 27-33 patentibus margines versus anastomosantibus supra impressis subtus valde prominulis, venulis immersis; inflorescentiis ¢ axillaribus vel e ramulis infra folia orientibus, pedunculo brevi crasso et rhachi cicatricibus florum delapsorum densis- sime ornata 5-7 mm. diametro sub anthesi 15-35 mm. longis, bracteis mox caducis; floribus apicem rhacheos versus congestis, ubique extus breviter et densissime fulvo-tomentellis, pedicellis sub anthesi 6-8 mm. longis et circiter 1.5 mm. diametro bracteola deltoidea subacuta 4-5 mm. longa et lata apice ornatis; perianthio cylindrico-urceolato, sub anthesi 9-11 mm. longo et circiter 4 mm. diametro, lobis 3 oblongo-deltoideis obtusis 1.5-2 mm. longis; androecio 6-7.5 mm. longo, stipite crasso 2-3 mm. longo dense et breviter stramineo-sericeo, antheris 14-16, 3-3.5 mm. longis, columna in apicem sterilem conspicuum acutum circiter 1 mm. longum producta. BritisH New GuInEA: Central Division, Dieni, Ononge Road, Brass 3914 (A, tTypE, NY), alt. 500 m., April 29, 1933 (specimens brought down in thick forest by a falling tree; habit uncertain; leaves pale- veined above, iridescent pale brown beneath; flowers covered with yellow-brown pubescence). This very distinct species is readily recognized by its firm many- nerved leaf-blades with rounded base and its short stout many-flowered inflorescences. It has essentially the same type of inflorescence as M. subalulata Miq., from which it differs in its terete branchlets, stouter rachises, shorter pedicels, and minor characters of foliage. Myristica sphaerosperma sp. nov. Arbor ad 13 m. alta ubique praeter fructus glabra, ramulis subteretibus distaliter 3-5 mm. diametro fuscis verrucosis; petiolis crassis (3-4 mm. diametro) leviter canaliculatis nigrescentibus 17-25 mm. longis; laminis subcoriaceis elliptico-oblongis, 20-32 cm. longis, 6-10.5 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel obtusis, apice caudato-acuminatis (acumine 15-25 mm. longo angusto obtuso), margine leviter recurvatis, supra fuscis, subtus cineraceis vel argenteis, costa valida supra subplana vel leviter elevata subtus valde prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 20-25 arcuato- patentibus margines versus conspicue anastomosantibus supra acute impressis subtus prominentibus, venulis supra leviter impressis vel planis subtus immersis vel paullo prominulis; fructibus infra folia solitariis, 72 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII pedunculo crasso (5—7 mm. diametro) ruguloso ad 15 mm. longo; fructi- bus subglobosis ad 6 cm. diametro utrinque rotundatis extus rugosis densissime et arctissime rufo-tomentellis, pericarpio duro 3-4 mm. crasso, arillo fere a basi in lacinias numerosas angustas fisso, semine subgloboso 3—3.5 cm. diametro, arilli impressionibus distincte sulcato, testa pallide badia dura 0.7—1 mm. crassa. British NEw GuINEA: Central Division, Mt. Tafa, Brass 4174 (A, TYPE, NY),'alt. 2100 m., June 1, 1933 (rare, in foothill forest substage; erect shortly branched tree 13 m. high, with slightly fissured dark brown bark; leaves silver-gray beneath, the nerves brownish green beneath; fruit rufous-brown, the aril of unripe fruit pale yellow). In the absence of inflorescences, this species cannot be accurately re- lated; it is, however, amply characterized by its large thick many- nerved leaf-blades, which are whitish beneath, and by its large sub- globose pubescent fruit. Its closest relative may be M. argentea Watb., a species with fewer secondary nerves and an ellipsoid fruit. Myristica Brassii sp. nov. Arbor ad 29 m. alta ubique praeter inflorescentiam jet fructus et partes novellas brunneo-puberulas glabra, trunco ad 70 cm. diametro, ramulis crassis subteretibus fusco-cinereis; petiolis crassis (circiter 3 mm. dia- metro) 13-20 mm. longis canaliculatis nigrescentibus; laminis tenuiter coriaceis vel chartaceis ovato-oblongis, 15-24 cm. longis, 6.5—-10 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel obscure subcordatis, apice acutis vel gradatim acuminatis, margine saepe revolutis, supra fuscis, subtus paullo pallidiori- bus, costa valida supra prominente subtus valde prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 15-17 patentibus margines versus adscendentibus et inconspicue anastomosantibus supra impressis vel costam versus prominulis subtus prominentibus, venulis utrinque obscuris vel supra immersis et subtus leviter prominulis; inflorescentiis $ supraaxillari- bus vel e ramulis infra folia orientibus brevibus paucifloris sub anthesi ubique pallide ferrugineo-sericeis (pilis adpressis 0.2-0.5 mm. longis), pedunculo subglomerulato ad 5 mm. longo et crasso cicatricibus florum delapsorum ornato, bracteis parvis mox caducis; floribus congestis, pedi- cellis crassis sub anthesi 6-8 mm. longis bracteola crasso-carnosa late semiorbiculari ad 1 mm. longa 2—4 mm. infra floris basim ornatis; peri- anthio carnoso urceolato-ovoideo, sub anthesi 12-13 mm. longo et basim versus circiter 5 mm. diametro, demum subglabrescente, apicem versus contracto, lobis 3 oblongo-deltoideis subacutis, 1.5—-2 mm. longis, 2-2.5 mm. latis; androecio quam perianthio paullo breviore, stipite glabro crasso striato 4-5 mm. longo, antheris 15-20, 4-5.5 mm. longis, 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, I 73 columna in apicem sterilem 0.5-1 mm. longum subacutum producta; inflorescentiis @ plus minusve similibus dense tomentellis (pilis 0.5 mm. longis patentibus persistentibus basim versus plumulosis); pedicellis bracteola 1-1.5 mm. infra floris basim ornatis; perianthio breviore (sub anthesi 10-11 mm. longo) circiter 6 mm, diametro; ovario ovoideo sub anthesi 4-5 mm. diametro dense pallide ferrugineo-sericeo ad apicem angustato et glabro, stigmate profunde sulcato; fructibus ut videtur soli- tariis, pedicello crasso (ad 10 mm. diametro) 15-20 mm. longo demum glabro; fructibus subglobosis 6-7 cm. diametro brunneo-tomentellis, pericarpio lignoso ad 1 cm. crasso, arillo fere a basi in lacinias angustas numerosas fisso, semine subgloboso in specimine nostro parvo (ad 2 cm. diametro). NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 12254 (Type), alt. 1700 m., January 1939 (tree 6 m. high in a rain-forest gully; flowers fragrant, cream-colored) ; 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Brass & Versteegh 12547, alt. 1150 m. (frequent in primary forest, on slope of a ridge; tree 29 m. high, the trunk 70 cm. diam., the crown not wide-spreading; flowers yellow; fruits dark brown; bark 24 mm. thick, black, exuding abundant red latex; wood red). The type bears staminate inflorescences, the other specimen pistillate inflorescences and fruits. This well-marked species bears a relationship to M. velutina Markgraf and M. cucullata Markgraf, differing from the former in its terete branchlets, broader leaf-blades, and much larger fruits, from the latter in its more obvious venation and small bracteoles, and from both in its larger flowers, long androecium-stalk, and several obvious foliage characters. Myristica Archboldiana sp. nov. Arbor ad 30 m. alta, ramulis apices versus purpurascentibus angulatis vel leviter 4-alatis; petiolis ut ramulis glabris gracilibus (1.5—-2 mm. diametro) 2.5-3.5 cm. longis canaliculatis; laminis tenuiter coriaceis vel chartaceis elliptico-oblongis, 13-15 cm. longis, 6.5—7.5 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel leviter subcordatis, apice cuspidatis vel breviter acumi- natis, margine undulato-recurvatis, supra glabris fuscis, subtus indu- mento persistente arcte et densissime ferrugineo-tomentellis, costa supra acute elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 17-21 erecto-patentibus rectis haud vel indistincte conjunctis supra acute impressis subtus valde prominulis, venulis immersis utrinque obscuris; fructibus 2 vel 3 apicem pedunculi brevis versus aggregatis, pedunculo ad 25 mm. longo et 5 mm. diametro glabro cortice soluto vestito, pedi- 74 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII cellis glabris crassis brevibus (ut videtur ad 3 mm. longis); fructibus obovoideis ad 7 cm. longis et 4 cm. diametro (paullo supra medium), basi angustatis apice rotundatis vel late obtusis, pericarpio suberoso vel demum fibroso 8-12 mm. crasso extus persistente et densissime arcte rufo- vel ferrugineo-tomentello, arillo in lacinias latas fisso, semine ellip- soideo in specimine nostro parvo (ad 2.5 cm. longo). BritisH NEw GuINEA: Western Division, Palmer River, 2 miles below junction with Black River, Brass 6982 (Type), alt. 100 m., June 1936 (common in forest on the lower ridges; large canopy tree 30 m. tall, with a clear straight bole spurred at the very base, the bark pale brown, lenticellate, reddish when cut; leaf-blades brown beneath; ribbed above with impressed nerves; fruit rufous-brown, the aril yellow). As this species is represented only by foliage and fruit, it cannot be accurately related, but I feel certain that it is not to be matched among described species. It is characterized by long petioles, elliptic-oblong bicolored leaf-blades which are closely and densely tomentellous beneath, and large obovoid pubescent thick-walled fruits. In fruit, the new species suggests M. costata Warb., from which it differs notably in the other above-mentioned characters. Discovery of flowers may indicate that M. Archboldiana is elsewhere related, but its leaf and fruit characters are sharply distinct from those of described Papuan species. Myristica Schleinitzii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 7: 455. 1886; Warb. Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 68: 392, pl. 19. 1897; Markgraf, Bot. Jahrb. 67: 166. 1935. Myristica faroensis Hemsl. Ann. Bot. 5: 506, 1891. SOLOMON IsLANDs: Bougainville: Kieta, Kajewski 1582, common in rain-forest (small tree, to 17 m. high; fruit yellow-green when ripe); Karngu, Buin, Kajewski 2236, common in rain-forest close to seashore (small tree about 15 m. high; leaves silvery beneath; fruit yellow-green, up to 43 mm. long and 15 mm. broad, the aril bright scarlet; common name: U-we-pekira). Navotana I., N’Gela group: Brass 3237, on summit of island, alt. 50 m. (slender tree 8 m. tall; leaves gray beneath; fruit pale yellow). This species has been reported from many collections in New Guinea and the surrounding islands, but apparently it has been previously rep- resented from the Solomons only by Guppy’s type of M. faroensis from Faro, in Bougainville Straits. Myristica inutilis Rich; A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 1: 34, 1854: Guillaumin, Jour. Arnold Arb. 14: 59, 1933; Christophersen, B. P. Bish. Mus. Bull. 128: 87. 1935. 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, I 75 SoLoMon IsLANps: Bougainville: Kieta, Kajewski 1587, alt. 100 m. (large tree to 20 m. high; leaf-blades light brown beneath; fruit 4.5 cm. long, 2 cm. diam., covered with short brown felt-like tomentum) ; Lake Luralu, Koniguru, Buin, Kajewski 2101, alt. 1000 m. (tree to 20 m. high; leaf-blades golden beneath; fruit 3 cm. long, 1.8 cm. diam., short brown-tomentellous; common name: Chigui). San Cris- toval: Star Harbour, Brass 3106, near sea-level (small slender tree with milky sap; leaf-blades dark green above, brown beneath; fruit rusty brown). The collectors report the species as common in rain- forest. Myristica inutilis, originally described from Samoa and recently re- ported by Guillaumin from the New Hebrides, is now found to extend into the Solomons. I have carefully compared the cited specimens with those mentioned by Guillaumin (Kajewski 44, 220, and 757) and with an extensive series from Samoa, and am unable to find any appreciable differences among specimens from the three groups. The New Hebrides specimens bear an unpublished herbarium name, but I have no reason to doubt the correctness of Guillaumin’s determinations. The absence of the species from Fiji is noteworthy and is doubtless due to lack of abundant material from that group. Myristica inutilis is a close relative of the Papuan M. Buchneriana Warb., from which it is readily distinguished by the presence of copious close pale tangled tomentum on the lower surfaces of leaf-blades. In floral characters the two species are extremely close, M. inutilis having a larger bracteole and fewer anthers; in fruit the similarity is also striking. Myristica salomonensis Warb. Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Carol. 68: 527. 1897 SoLtomon Istanps: Guadalcanal: Uulolo, Tutuve Mt., Kajew- ski 2552, common in rain-forest, alt. 1200 m. (tree to 25 m. high, the trunk straight; fruit brown-tomentellous, with a strong spicy odor; common name: Mansi-mansi). Malaita: Quoi-mon-apu, Kajewski 2373 (A, US), common in rain-forest, alt. 50 m. (small tree to 10 m. high; fruit brown-tomentellous, up to 3 by 2.5 cm.; common name: Pai-passi). San Cristoval: Magoha River, Brass 2744, common in lowland rain-forest (tree 15 m. high, the bark dark brown, slightly furrowed and flaky, the wood pale brown with darker streaks; fruit tomentellous, about 3 by 2.5 cm.). The listed specimens are all in fruiting condition, as was the type and only previously known collection, Comins 121, a San Cristoval. Although I have not seen the latter specimen, I hice little doubt of the 76 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII determination, as Warburg’s description is ample. The leaves of the Brass specimen are slightly larger (to 17 by 6 cm.) than those men- tioned in the original description. While the place of M. salomonensis in the genus must remain uncertain until flowers are available, it seems to be allied to M. Buchneriana Warb., differing obviously in fruit shape and details of foliage. Myristica platyphylla sp. nov. Arbor ad 20 m. alta, trunco interdum conspicue erismatico, ramulis crassis subteretibus vel obscure biangulatis; petiolis crassis (3-4 mm. diametro) 17-25 mm. longis conspicue canaliculatis; laminis chartaceis elliptico- vel leviter obovato-oblongis, 20-32 cm. longis, 7-13 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice ut videtur breviter cuspidatis, supra fuscis nitidis glabris, subtus indumento pallide brunneo-tomentello arcto persistente densissime indutis, costa valida supra lata subplana vel leviter elevata subtus valde prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 25-31 erecto- patentibus rectis margines versus inconspicue anastomosantibus supra leviter impressis subtus valde prominulis, venulis immersis plerumqué utrinque obscuris; inflorescentiis ¢ supraaxillaribus vel e ramulis infra folia orientibus 1—1.5 cm. longis multifloris ubique praeter pedunculum densissime ferrugineo-tomentellis (pilis minutis e basi pauciramosis), pedunculo crasso basim versus 2—4-furcato, rhachibus brevibus crassis conspicue cicatricosis, bracteis minutis mox caducis; floribus inflore- scentiae apices versus dense congestis, pedicellis gracilibus ad 4 mm. longis bracteola tenuiter carnosa deltoideo-ovata 2—2.5 mm. longa et lata subacuta intus glabra apice ornatis; perianthio ellipsoideo 4.5—5 mm. longo 2-3 mm. diametro, lobis 3 deltoideis subacutis 1-1.5 mm. longis et latis; androecio 4—4.5 mm. longo, stipite crasso striato 1.5-2 mm. longo basim versus pilis brevibus stramineis adscendentibus obscure piloso, antheris 8 vel 9, 2—2.5 mm. longis, columna in apicem sterilem brevem obtusa; fructibus 2—4 aggregatis, pedunculo crasso brevi, pedi- cellis 3-5 mm. crassis 4-8 mm. longis demum glabrescentibus; fructibus late ellipsoideis circiter 3 cm. longis et 2.5 cm. latis, longitudinaliter sulcatis, utrinque rotundatis vel apice inconspicue mucronatis, pericarpio duro 3—4 mm. crasso extus densissime et arcte pallide brunneo-tomen- tello, arillo fere a basi in lacinias latas paucas irregulariter fisso, semine oblongo-ellipsoideo ad 20 mm. longo et 13 m. lato. SOLOMON IsLANDs: Bougainville: Kugumaru, Buin, Kajew- skit 1916, alt. 150 m. (large tree to 20 m. high; leaf-blades brown be- neath; fruit covered with brown tomentum and longitudinally dehiscing 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, I 77 on one side; common name: Chigui). Guadalcanal: Berande, Kajewski 2442 (Type), near sea-level, January 14, 1931 (large tree to 20 m. high, with large buttresses; leaf-blades green above, light brown beneath; buds brown-tomentellous; common name: T oro-bagere ; latex reported used to check nasal haemorrhages). Myristica platyphylla, said to be common in rain-forest, seems very distinct and without close relatives among described Papuasian species. It is at once distinguished by its large many-nerved leaf-blades which are persistently tomentellous beneath, its short stout branched many- flowered staminate inflorescences, and its comparatively small tomen- tellous fruits. According to Markgraf’s key, it may be placed near M. Buchneriana Warb., but the differences in foliage and fruit are very pronounced. A closer relative appears to be the Philippine M. Wenzelu Merrill, a species with ultimately glabrous leaf-blades, simple or ob- scurely forked staminate inflorescences, shorter pedicels, and more numerous anthers. The type of M. platyphylla bears staminate in- florescences, the other specimen being in fruit. Myristica cerifera sp. nov. Arbor ad 25 m. alta ubique praeter inflorescentiam et fructus glabra, ramulis subteretibus crassis (3-6 mm. diametro) rugosis; petiolis nigre- scentibus crassis (3-4 mm. diametro) 15-25 mm. longis conspicue canaliculatis; laminis chartaceis elliptico-oblongis, 30-40 cm. longis, 8-12.5 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel rotundatis, apice obtusis vel obtuse cuspidatis, margine paullo undulatis, supra fuscis nitidis, subtus levibus et manifeste argenteo- vel cinereo-ceriferis, costa valida supra lata et prominente subtus valde prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 25—30 basim versus valde adscendentibus distaliter arcuato-adscendentibus margines versus inconspicue anastomosantibus supra leviter impressis subtus valde prominulis, venulis immergis utrinque obscuris vel supra leviter impressis et subtus minute prominulis; inflorescentiis 9 vetustis e ramulis defoliatis orientibus vermiformibus 2.5—3.5 cm. longis multi- floris, pedunculo brevi crasso 2- vel 3-furcato, rhachibus crassis (6-10 mm. diametro) conspicue et densissime cicatricosis; floribus inflore- scentiae apices versus dense congestis ubique extus dense et breviter ferrugineo-tomentellis, pedicellis brevissimis bracteola chartacea late ovata circiter 3 mm. longa et 7 mm. lata obtusa apice ornatis; perianthio crasse carnoso ellipsoideo 6-7 mm. longo (ante anthesi) 5-6 mm. dia- metro, lobis 3 vel 4 deltoideo-oblongis acutis circiter 3 mm. longis et latis; ovario ovoideo densissime brunneo-strigoso, stigmate profunde lobato 78 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. Xx glabro; fructus pedunculo pedicellisque valde incrassatis; fructibus paucis (solitariis?) oblongo-ellipsoideis, 5-8 cm. longis, 4-5 cm. latis, utrinque rotundatis vel apice inconspicue mucronatis, pericarpio lignoso 5-10 (ad 17 ex Kajewski) mm. crasso extus conspicue et valdissime verrucoso arcte brunneo-tomentello demum glabro, arillo crasso fere a basi in lacinias latas fisso, semine oblongo-ellipsoideo ad 45 mm. longis et 18 mm. latis (ad 56 X 21 mm. ex Kajewski), testa castanea dura circiter 1 mm. crassa arilli impressionibus conspicue sulcata. Sotomon IsLtanps: Bougainville: Kugumaru, Buin, Kajew- ski 1827 (tTypr), alt. 150 m., June 7, 1930, common in rain-forest (large tree to 25 m. high; leaf-blades silvery beneath; fruit brown, rough- surfaced; common name: Or-wu-pekira; seeds pulverized and used to stop leaks in canoes) ; Siwai, Waterhouse 166 (NY, Y) (large tree; fruits woody, the aril red; common names: Voraga, Mu). Both the cited specimens are in fruit, and the type also retains some old pistillate inflorescences. The species is readily recognized by its large leaf-blades, which are covered on the lower surface by a uniformly thick layer of wax, its stout vermicular inflorescences, and its large thick- walled verrucose fruits. Its leaf-shape and the form of its inflorescence indicate a relationship with the preceding new species (M. platyphylla), but the waxy foliage and the fruits yield strikingly distinct characters. Myristica Clemensii sp. nov. Arbor ubique praeter inflorescentiam et partes novellas parce et brevi- ter ferrugineo-strigillosas glabra, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus interdum leviter flexuosis; petiolis gracilibus (1-1.5 mm. diametro) nigrescentibus 12-17 mm. longis canaliculatis; laminis chartaceis siccitate fuscis et concoloribus anguste elliptico-oblongis, 8-11 cm. longis, 1.8—2.8 cm. latis, basi acutis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice obtusis vel gradatim et obtuse acutis, margine valde revolutis, subtus inconspicue ceriferis, costa valida supra impressa vel leviter elevata subtus prominente, nervis secondariis utrinsecus 15-20 brevibus patentibus rectis inconspicue anastomosantibus supra leviter impressis subtus subplanis vel inconspicue prominulis, venulis immersis vel supra paullo impressis; inflorescentiis 4 supraaxillaribus simplicibus, pedunculo circiter 2 mm. longo et 1.5 mm. diametro apice incrassato et paucifloro mox glabro, bracteis parvis ovatis strigosis; floribus fasciculatis, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 3—4 mm. longis bracteola ovato-deltoidea circiter 1 mm. longa et 2 mm. lata obtusa apice ornatis; perianthio cylindrico-ellipsoideo 5—6 mm. longo 2-3 mm. diametro, lobis 3 (vel 4) oblongo-deltoideis circiter 2 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, I 79 mm. longis et latis; androecio 3.5—5 mm. longo, stipite crasso 1-1.5 mm. longo parce et breviter stramineo-strigilloso, antheris 10-15, 1.5-3 mm. longis, columna in apicem sterilem conspicuum circiter 0.5 mm. longum obtusum producta. NORTHEASTERN NEW GUINEA: Morobe District, Wareo, Clemens 1668 (TYPE), alt. 600-650 m., January 17, 1936. Myristica Clemensii is related to M. Macgregorii Warb., from which it differs in its much narrower leaf-blades, which are brownish and con- colorous rather than glaucous beneath, its more numerous and less con- spicuous secondary nerves, and its much shorter pedicels. In other floral characters the two species are quite similar, but foliage differences in texture and venation, as well as in shape, are pronounced. Myristica procera sp. nov. Arbor procera, ramulis gracilibus (apices versus 2-4 mm. diametro) subteretibus juventute arcte ferrugineo-tomentellis demum_ glabris cinereis rugosis; petiolis crassis (2-3 mm. diametro) 12-15 mm. longis profunde canaliculatis ut ramulis juventute tomentellis; laminis subcoria- ceis siccitate fusco-castaneis concoloribus elliptico-oblongis, (14—)20—25 cm. longis, 4-6 cm. latis, basi obtusis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice gradatim et longe acutis (acumine ipso obtuso), margine leviter undu- latis, supra glabris, subtus indumento pallide ferrugineo arcto persistente densissime tomentellis, costa supra leviter elevata subtus prominente, nervis secondariis utrinsecus 16-19 erecto-patentibus margines versus leviter arcuatis et anastomosantibus supra paullo impressis subtus prominulis, venulis immersis utrinque obscuris vel supra leviter im- pressis; fructibus solitariis axillaribus vel e ramulis inter folia orientibus, pedunculo (a pedicello haud distincto) crasso (3-3.5 mm. diametro) 6-7 mm. longo tomentello; fructibus ellipsoideis ad 2.5 cm. longis et 1.7 cm. latis, longitudinaliter conspicue sulcatis, basi obtusis, apice rotundatis et oblique apiculatis, pericarpio duro circiter 1.5 mm. crasso extus densissime et arcte ferrugineo-tomentello, arillo fere a basi in lacinias paucas latas fisso, semine oblongo-ellipsoideo. SOLOMON IsLANDs: Ysabel: Tatamba, Brass 3434 (Type), alt. 50 m., January 5, 1933, common in rain-forest (tall slender tree, the bark gray, slightly fissured, the branchlets rusty brown; upper surface of leaf-blades smooth, covered with gray bloom, the lower surface rusty- tomentose). Myristica procera, a species characterized by the close persistent tomentum of the lower surface of leaf-blades and the fruit, appears not 80 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XxU to be closely related to any described Papuasian or Pacific species, and in the absence of flowers I cannot indicate a probable relationship. In its pubescence and general leaf-shape it bears a resemblance to the Philippine M. guatteriaefolia A. DC., but the relationship is probably not close. At the same time and in the same locality as the type of M. procera was obtained, Brass collected another species in fruit, re- ferring it to his number 3434A. I have described this above as M. petiolata; the two species are not closely related. HERBARIUM, ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 81 ADDITIONS TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA* V.S. SUMMERHAYES In 1935 Diels (Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 177-235) published an account, with analytical keys, of all the Ficus species recorded from the island of New Guinea and the neighbouring Bismarck Archipelago, in which our knowledge of this genus was brought up to date. Since then several valuable collections of figs made in New Guinea have been placed in my hands for study, resulting in the addition of many records to those given by Diels and the description of several new species. The notes here offered are based mainly on the collections of the first two Archbold Expeditions in 1933-4 and 1936-7, for the material of which I am indebted to the New York Botanical Garden and the Arnold Arboretum respectively ; a complete account is given of these two collections. There are also included a number of interesting records from the large collections made in Eastern Papua by C. E. Carr, some of whose specimens have not yet been worked out finally, and from sundry other collections. I hope later to publish a further paper dealing with those specimens not cited here. For convenience the sequence followed is that of Diels, except in certain cases in which I disagree with his conclusions; these changes are commented on where they occur. It should not be assumed, however, that in the absence of comment I am necessarily in agreement with Diels, as the position of some species is still under consideration. Sect. URosSTIGMA Ficus sterrocarpa Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 179 (1935). Papua: Central Division, Boridi, 1500 m. alt., in forest, tree 24 m., fruit yellow-green, September 1935, Carr 13371. Ficus sclerotiara Diels, I.c. 180. Papua: Western Division, Fly River, 528 mile Camp, 80 m. alt., common large canopy tree (not constricting) on the ridges, grey, slightly flaky bark, dry stipules persistent, fruit green, very hard, + 3.5 cm diam., solitary or in pairs in upper leaf axils, May 1936, Brass 6686. *Botanical Results of the Richard Archbold Expeditions. 82 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII This specimen differs from the specimens cited by Diels (Schlechter 17765, 17501) in the slightly different venation of the leaves and the glabrous stipules, stem, peduncles and receptacles. In floral structure, however, there is complete agreement. Ficus myrmekiocarpa Summerhayes, sp. nov.; a F. Watkinsiana F. M. Bail. foliis majoribus latioribusque, receptaculis ellipticis paulo majoribus ostiolo latiore rotundato, florum masculorum bracteolis ellipticis, stigmate bifido differt. Arbor magna; ramuli crassi, apice circiter 1 cm. diametro, glabri, cortice brunneo fere laevi obtecti, cicatricibus foliorum et stipularum delapsorum distincte notati. Folia longe petiolata, late vel anguste elliptica, apice cuspidato-acuminata, basi obtusa vel late cuneata, 12-27 cm. longa, 6-12 cm. lata, tenuiter coriacea, glaberrima, costa supra sub- impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 20-30 infimis e costa angulo acuto exortis ceteris curvatim subpatentibus + parallelis prope marginem nervo submarginali undulato conjunctis, nervis secun- dariis numerosis distinctis fere prominulis, rete venularum crebro in- distincto; petiolus subteres, supra canaliculatus, 5—9 cm. longus, 2-4 mm. diametro, glaber, cortice brunneo leviter ruguloso obtectus; stipulae lanceolatae, acuminatae, usque ad 20 cm. longae, glabrae. Receptacula axillaria, bina vel abortu solitaria, pedunculata, ellipsoidea vel ovoideo- ellipsoidea, 3.5—4.5 cm. longa, 2.5—3 cm. diametro, apice producta, obtuse mammilliformia, 5 mm. alta et fere 1 cm. diametro, glabra vel sparse papillato-puberula, obtuse et indistincte verruculosa, valde indurata, aurantiaco-rubra, ostiolo vix prominente bracteis tribus incurvatis in- structo; pedunculus 1-2 cm. longus, 4-5 mm. diametro, glaber, apice in discum cupularem pubescentem vel glabrum 8-15 mm. diametro dila- tatus. Flores saepius e processubus irregularibus lignosis usque ad 7 mm. altis e pariete receptaculi ortis enati, cum squamis numerosis linearibus brunneis commixti. Flores masculi saepius ex apicibus processuum enati, usque ad 2.5 mm. pedicellati, bracteolis (apice pedicelli sitis) ovatis vel ellipticis 2-2.5 mm. longis; perianthii segmenta 3—4 orbicularia, rotun- data, 1.6 mm. longa, rubro-brunnea, antheram aequantia; anthera sub- sessilis, reniformi-oblonga. Flores feminei e lateribus processuum vel rarius e pariete receptaculi enati, sessiles; perianthii segmenta 1—3, lan- ceolata, acuminata, 1-3 mm. longa, linea media rubra instructa; ovarium + ovoideum sed saepius angulare, 2-3 mm. altum, intense rubro- brunneum, stylo infra-apicali vel laterali tenui usque ad 4 mm. longo, stigmate bifido segmentis filiformibus inclusis usque ad 1.5 mm. longo. Papua: Western Division, Wuroi, Oriomo River, 5 m. alt., in river- 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 83 bank forest fringe, one example, spreading tree, 15 m. high, receptacles orange-red, January—March 1934, Brass 5773 (tTyPE); Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, on bank in rain forest, large tree, leaves greyish beneath, fruit hard, orange-red, October 1936, Brass 8099. Evidently a close relative of F. Watkinsiana F. M. Bailey from Queensland, which has the same type of receptacle but differs in a number of minor points, particularly in the floral structure. The most striking difference is in the apex of the receptacle which in the Aus- tralian species is drawn out into a sort of short narrow proboscis but in F. myrmekiocarpa is broad and rounded resembling a mammilla. The specific epithet is given in allusion to the wart-like irregularities of the receptacle wall. Ficus mafuluensis Summerhayes, sp. nov.; ab omnibus aliis speciebus novoguineensibus subsectionis (/asticarum) receptaculis sessilibus usque ad 6-7 cm. longis induratis apice bracteis duabus compressis carinatis induratis coronatis distinguitur. Arbor parva, epiphytica; ramuli erecti, crassi, apice 1 cm. diametro, sparse pubescentes,. glauci, cicatricibus foliorum et stipularum delapso- rum distincte notati. Folia longe petiolata, late elliptico- vel oblongo- lanceolata, apice breviter et subito acuminata, basi late cuneata, usque ad 24 cm. longa et 10 cm. lata, costa supra prominula subtus prominente ut nervi rubra, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 20—25 duabus infimis angulo acuto exortis ceteris fere patentibus parallelis juxta marginem cum nervo submarginali leviter multiarcuato conjunctis utrinque prominulis, nervis secundariis numerosis, rete venularum indistincto, tenuiter coriacea, utrinque glabra, supra + nitentia; petiolus semiteres, supra canalicu- latus, 5—7 cm. longus, 3.5 mm. diametro, sparse pubescens, ruber ; stipulae lanceolatae, acuminatae, 25-30 cm. longae, extra dense sericeo-cane- scentes, rubrae. Receptacula axillaria, bina, sessilia, ovoideo-cylindrica vel ovoidea, usque ad 6—7 cm. longa et 3.5—4 cm. diametro, leviter com- pressa et indistincte 2—4-costata, glabra, aurantiaca, indurata, basi disco cupulari pubescente 1—1.5 cm. diametro instructa, ostiolo prominente bracteis duabus oppositis compressis carinatis induratis instructo. Flores masculi cum femineis commixti, usque ad 2 mm. longe pedicellati, basi bracteolis duabus lineari-lanceolatis vel lanceolatis instructi; perianthii segmenta 3 vel 4, orbicularia, fere 2 mm. longa, pallide flavescentia ; anthera sessilis, compressa, reniformis, 2 mm. lata. Flores feminei sessiles; perianthii segmenta 3-4, lineari-lanceolata, rubro-brunnea, 1—2 mm. longa; ovarium ovoideum vel + globosum, 1.5—2 mm. altum, atro- brunneum, stylo laterali tenui, stigmate breviter bifido pallidiore. 84 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Papua: Central Division, Mafulu, 1200 m. alt., in lower primary forest, uncommon, epiphyte in crown of a very large tree, robust species attaining the proportions of a small tree, branchlets erect, these and petioles glaucous, leaves slightly concave, midrib and nerves red, stipules red, receptacles hard, orange, in axillary pairs, 6-7 cm. long, 3.5—4 cm. diam., September—November 1933, Brass 5398. Easily distinguishable from other Papuan representatives of Sub-Sect. Elasticae by the fruit characters as mentioned in the diagnosis. The species resembles F. pleurocarpa but differs in a number of minor points such as the indumentum of the twigs, the venation of the leaves, the stipules and the stigmas. Unfortunately, I have not seen authentic material of F. pleurocarpa but sterile material in the Brisbane Herbarium, some from the type locality, agrees pretty well with the original description. Ficus Archboldiana Summerhayes, sp. nov.; a F. elastica Roxb. foliis minoribus, receptaculis:globosis bracteis -- orbicularibus per- sistentibus, a F. retusa L. foliis coriaceis nervis lateralibus numero- sis subaequalibus, receptaculis bracteisque majoribus, ab utraque florum femineorum perianthio gamophyllo, anthera valde exserta differt. Arbor juventute epiphytica, usque ad 25 m. alta, omnino glaberrima; ramuli siccitate longitudinaliter rugulosi, cortice atro-brunneo obtecti. Folia modice petiolata, elliptica, oblongo-elliptica vel elliptico-oblanceo- lata, apice subito breviter apiculato-acuminata, basi rotundata usque cuneata, 6-11 cm. longa, 3—5.5 cm. lata, tenuiter coriacea, costa supra prominula subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus numerosis subaequalibus + parallelis marginem versus reticulato-conjunctis nervum submargina- lem irregularem efformantibus, utrinque laevia, supra subnitida; petiolus semiteres, supra anguste canaliculatus, 1.5—3 cm, longus; stipulae lanceo- latae, acuminatae, extra atro-brunneae, intus pallidiores, usque ad 2.5 cm. longae. Receptacula axillaria, bina, sessilia, globosa, + 1.3 cm. dia- metro, bracteis basalibus tribus subreniformi-orbicularibus vel orbicu- laribus 6—7 mm. longis 6-8 mm. latis persistentibus instructa, ochracea vel rubro-brunnea, laevia, ostiolo vix distincto bracteis incurvatis, extra et intus glabra. Flores masculi, feminei cecidiophori et feminei per totum receptaculum commixti. Flores masculi sessiles; perianthium gamophyllum, turbinato-tubulosum, apice irregulariter fissum, 1.5 mm. longum, rubro-brunneum; stamen 1, perianthium duplo superans. Flores feminei cecidiophori sessiles; perianthii segmenta 3-4, ligulata, subacuta vel obtusa, 1.5 mm. longa, rubro-brunnea; ovarium obovoideum, | mm. 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 85 longum, crasse stipitatum, stylo apicali brevi. Flores feminei sessiles; perianthii segmenta 3—4, ligulata, 1.5 mm. longa, rubro-brunnea; ovarium sessile, late ovoideum vel ovoideo-globosum, 1 mm. longum, stylo sub- apicali, stigmate acute clavato atro-brunneo. Papua: Western Division, Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, common in rain forest, large constricting fig, fruit soft, globose, reddish-brown, + 1.3 cm. one October 1936, Brass 8065 (tyPE). Central Division, Koitaki, 1500 ft. alt., in forest, tree 24 m., receptacles axillary, ochre, July 1935, Carr 12778. From Diels’ description (I have not seen any specimens) I have little doubt that this is identical with the plants described by him as F. retusa var. papuana. As, however, Diels refers to three of the same specimens under F. elastica Roxb., he must have felt doubtful as to the affinity of the plants he had before him. In my opinion the species is not at all closely related to F. retusa L. which has very different leaf texture and venation as well as differing in floral characters. The leaves of F. elastica more closely approach those of F. Archboldiana but the floral differences are considerable. In F. Archboldiana the stamen is long exserted from the gamophyllous more or less tubular perianth in which respect the species approaches F. prolixa Forst., F. insignis Kurz and F. geniculata Kurz. Ficus prolixa has thinner leaves with definitely unequal lateral nerves and smaller differently coloured receptacles. The other two species differ markedly from F. Archboldiana in most characters apart from the stamens. Ficus regnans Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 182 (1935). Papua: Central Division, Rouna, 420 m. alt., climber on rocks in wood on very steep hillside, receptacles axillary, reddish purple when ripe, May 1935, Carr 12342. Ficus rhizophoriphylla King in Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55°: 410 Papua: Western Division, Wuroi, Oriomo River, 30 m. alt., small tree epiphytic on large savannah tree, January—March 1934, Brass 6018 ; Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, in rain forest, large constricting tree, fruit hard, orange-red, September 1936, Brass 7703 ; same locality, large constricting fig of rain-forest canopy, fruit hard, orange-coloured, 10 mm. long, 8 mm. diam., September 1936, Brass 7759; Upper Wassi Kussa River, left branch, common tree on river-banks in rain forest, midrib of leaf white, fruit soft, orange-red, compressed, January 1937, Brass 8616; Tarara, Wassi Kussa River, occasional in rain forests, large strangling fig, fruit slightly compressed, yellow, “grass” skirt material obtained 86 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII from fibrous inner bark of aerial roots, January 1937, Brass 8712; Central Division, Koitaki, 480 m. alt., in forest, strangling epiphyte, receptacles axillary, deep orange, June 1935, Carr 12655; Koitaki, 450 m. alt., in forest, tree 4.5 m., receptacles axillary, orange, July 1935, Carr 12893, Boridi, 1200 m. alt., in forest, tree 42 m., originated as a strangling epiphyte, receptacles axillary, yellowish ochre, September 1935, Carr 14292. Ficus garciniifolia Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3: 218 (1867). Papua: Central Division, Koitaki, 450 m. alt., on stream bank in open country, tree 12 m., receptacles axillary, yellow-green, April 1935, Carr 11971 A new record for the island, the species being previously known only from Timor. Ficus retusa L. Mant. 129 (1767). Papua: Western Division, Mabaduan, in swampy rain forest, large constricting fig, ripe fruits purple-black, soft, 9-10 mm. diam., April 1936, Brass 6549; Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, rain forest, large strangling fig common on riverbanks, ripe fruit soft, smooth, black, ++ 1 cm. diam., October 1936, Brass 8084 ; Central Divi- sion, Rona, Laloki River, 450 m. alt., common in rain forests, large con- stricting species, branches spreading flatly, leaves dark, nerves pale, unripe receptacles about 1 cm. diam., yellow with paler dots, March 1933, Brass 3592 ; Hisiu, in copses in open savannah near sea-shore, tree 15 m., receptacles axillary, when ripe green with a pale pink tinge, February 1935, Carr 11394, same locality and habitat, tree 6 m. with many adven- titious roots, receptacles axillary, yellow, February 1935, Carr 11441 — native name, Magi; Veiya, in swamp forest, sea level, tree 15 m., re- ceptacles axillary, green, March 1935, Carr 11588 ; Koitaki, 450 m. alt., in forest, strangling epiphyte, receptacles axillary, red, April 1935, Carr 12092; Rouna, 180 m. alt., open savannah land, limbing on rocks, recep- tacles axillary, green suffused red, June 1935, Carr 12484. Ficus benjamina L. Mant. 129 (1767). Papua: Western Division, Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, in lake-shore rain forest, large constricting fig, fruit green, September 1936, Brass 7702; Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, in rain forest, large strangling tree of the canopy layer, branches weak, droop- ing, fruit pink, hard, October 1936, Brass 7989; Central Division, Rouna, N. bank of Laloki River, 210 m. alt., tree 9 m., receptacles axillary, green with whitish warts, May 1935, Carr 12420; locality, 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 87 habitat and habit as last, receptacles blackish pink when ripe, May 1935, Carr 12421; Rouna, S. bank of Laloki River, among rocks, tree 4.5 m., receptacles axillary, bright rose, May 1935, Carr 12435 ; Koitaki, 450 m. alt., in forest, climber, receptacles axillary, deep pinkish purple, June 1935, Carr 12706. Ficus lacor Buch.-Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 15: 150 (1827). Ficus infectoria Roxb. Hort. Bengal. 66 (1814), nomen, FI. Ind. 3: 551 (1832), non Willd. Papua: Central Division, Kanosia, in mangrove swamps, tree 15 m., receptacles axillary, pink, purple and soft when mature, January 1935, Carr 11017; Rouna, 210 m. alt., in open savannah land, shrub 3 m., receptacles axillary, bright pink, May 1935, Carr 12422. Ficus stipulosa (Miq.) Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3: 287 (1867). Papua: Central Division, Rouna, 390 m. alt., open country, tree 15 m. tall, receptacles axillary, purple when ripe, July 1935, Carr 12814. This species is another addition to the New Guinea Ficus list, it having been recorded previously only from the Philippines. Ficus glabella Bl. Bijdr. 452 (1825). Papua: Western Division, Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, in rain forest, large constricting trees spreading long branches over river, young fruit green speckled with pink, October 1936, Brass 8071. TERRITORY OF NEW GuINEA: Morobe Distr., near Andarova village, in forest on mountain side, 1500 m. alt., tree, sterile, December 1936, Blackwood 126 — vern. name, yefeva. Ficus pilosa Reinw. in Bl. Bijdr. 446 (1825). Ficus chrysochlamys Lauterb. & K. Schum. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 274 (1901). Papua: Western Division, Mabaduan, common on granite coast, large constricting fig to 20 m. high, leaves glossy above, midrib white, receptacle small, beaked, April 1936, Brass 6479; Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, in rain forest on shore of lake, large constricting fig, leaf-nerves pale, August 1936, Brass 7481; Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, common on banks of river in rain forest, large low-spreading tree, fruit in pairs one ripening long before the other, soft, purple-black, 3 cm. long, 2 cm. diameter, October 1936, Brass 8075 ; Upper Wassi Kussa River, left branch, in rain forest, tree 15 m. over- hanging river, leaf-nerves white, fruit hard, red flecked with white, 88 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. Xx January 1937, Brass 8615; Central Division, Kanosia, 60 m. alt., in secondary forest, spreading tree up to 18 m., receptacles axillary, orange when ripe, February 1935, Carr 11062. Ficus chrysochlamys Lauterb. & K. Schum. is, in my opinion, quite incorrectly referred by Diels to F. Forstenti Miq. which, at any rate as regards the type form, does not appear to occur in New Guinea. Ficus patellifera Warb. in K. Schum. & Lauterb. Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 241 (1905). Papua: Central Division, Dieni, Ononge Road, 500 m. alt., rain forest, large constricting tree, leaves flat with recurved tip and pale nerves, April 1933, Brass 3857. This species resembles closely certain forms of F. Forstenii Miq. and may yet prove to be a variety of that species. Ficus sp. Papua: Central Division, Mafulu, 1250 m. alt., planted in villages, very large dense-foliaged spreading tree, leaves dark, smooth, midrib white, receptacles red when ripe, September-November 1933, Brass 5433. I have ngj been able to identify this with any native or exotic fig. In view of the pantropical distribution of sect. Urostigma and the poor material of the above collection, I think it best left undetermined. Sect. SycIDIUM Ficus mangiferifolia Lauterb. & K. Schum. FI. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 275 (1901). Papua: Central Division, Rona, Laloki River, 450 m. alt., common in rocky river bed, tree 3-5 m., branching from near base, young leaves yellow-green, terminal bud red, receptacles yellow, tinged red with pale tubercles, 1.3-1.4 cm. diam., March 1933, Brass 3588; same locality, 500 m. alt., rocky creek-bed in rain forest, tree 4 m., fruit red spotted with yellow, soft, about 1.5 cm. long and in diam., February 1936, Brass 6204; Rouna (= Rona), 210 m. alt., in an island in the Laloki River, tree 12 m., receptacles axillary, pinkish orange, May 1935, Carr 12416. TERRITORY OF NEW GuINEA: New Britain, between Baining Mts. and Toma, Bateson 128; Mowehafen, sea level, tropical forest, tree, June 1937, Blackwood 301.— vern. name, “imyi” or “imi.” Ficus dichroa Summerh. in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 147 (1929). Papua: Central Division, Kanosia, sea level, in secondary forest, tree 4.5 m., receptacles axillary, single or paired, dull red, February 1935, Carr 11208. 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 89 Ficus subulata Bl. Bijdr. 460 (1825). Papua: Central Division, Mafulu, 1250 m. alt., forest, small epi- phytic tree, receptacles orange-red, 1.1-1.2 cm. diam., September— November 1933, Brass 5209; Bella Vista, 1450 m. alt., forest below Oak associations, small spreading tree or large bush 3 m. high, recep- tacles orange-red, November 1933, Brass 5442 ; Veiya, sea level, in forest, forming dense undergrowth and climbing up trees, receptacles axillary, dark red when ripe, March 1935, Carr 11690 ; Koitaki, 450 m. alt., open place by stream, tree 6 m., receptacles axillary, bright orange-red, April 1935, Carr 11927; Boridi, 1050 m. alt., forest, climber, receptacles axillary, red, October 1935, Carr 14732; North-Eastern Division, Kokoda, 360 m. alt., forest, small tree, September 1933, Cheesman 90. Ficus philippinensis Miq. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 7: 435 (1848). Ficus Decaisneana Miq.; Summerhayes in Jour. Arnold Arb, 14: 62 933). Papua: Western Division, Wuroi, Oriomo River, January—March 1934, Brass 5889 ; Central Division, Koitaki, 450 m. alt., bank of stream, tree 12 m., receptacles axillary, ochre-yellow speckled brown, April 1935, Carr 11906; Rouna, 420 m. alt., open savannah land, tree 4.5 m., recep- tacles axillary, pale pinkish olive with an apical green ring, laxly speckled pale brown, May 1935, Carr 12331; North-Eastern Division, Kokoda, 360 m. alt., forest, tree 18 m., May 1933, Cheesman 26; same locality and altitude, clearing near police-station, tree 15 m., June 1933, Cheesman 53 ; as last, in clearing, tree 18 m., August 1933, Cheesman 86. TERRITORY OF NEW GUINEA: Kelel, 200 m. alt., by mountain stream, tree, September 1907, Schlechter 16508. New Britain, Gazelle Penin- sula, between Kabakada mission and Vunairima, large tree, December 1934, Waterhouse 898 — vern. name, “Naqala.”’ Diels completely omits this species from his account of the genus, but the specimens cited above agree well with many from the Philippines and elsewhere. Ficus hylobia Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 186 (1935). Papua: Central Division, Lala River, 1500 m. alt., forest, tree 12 m., receptacles axillary, green, red inside, February 1936, Carr 15711; same locality and habitat, tree 9 m., receptacles axillary, green, February 1936, Carr 15797. Dissections of receptacles of two of the three gatherings cited by Diels revealed female flowers only. This, in conjunction with the floral struc- ture and general appearance, suggests that sect. Sycidium is the correct position of this species. 90 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. XXII Ficus androbrota Summerh. in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 143 (1929). Papua: Western Division, Gaima, Lower Fly River, east bank, common about rain-forest edges, erect tree 6—8 m. high, leaf-nerves pale, fruit 1.1-1.2 cm. diam., November 1936, Brass 8298; Wassi Kussa River, Tarara, at margin of rain forest, small tree, fruits soft, purple- black, December 1936, Brass 8548. Ficus gibbosa Bl. Bijdr. 466 (1825). Papua: Western Division, Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, on river bank in rain forest, thick foliaged tree 5 m. high, ripe fruit soft, red, depressed-globose, 1.5—1.7 cm. diam., October 1936, Brass 8077 ; Central Division, Rona, Laloki River, 450 m. alt., common in gully rain forest associations, tree 10-12 m., long flatly spreading branches, receptacles soft dark red, 1.5 & 1.2 cm., March 1933, Brass 3572 ; Mafulu, Auga River, 580 m. alt., among rocks on river bank, small grey-barked tree 3 m. high, leaves stiff, pale with whitish midrib and nerved, receptacles slightly scabrous, orange-red, 1.2—-1.4 cm. diam., November 1933, Brass 5497; Kanosia, at edge of mangrove swamp, tree 9 m., receptacles axillary, golden-yellow, February 1935, Carr 11529; Rouna (= Rona), 210 m. alt., forest on N. bank of Laloki River, tree 4.5 m., receptacles green with reddish brown spots, May 1935, Carr 12413; Rouna, 210 m. alt., open savannah land, tree 4 m., receptacles golden-yellow, June 1935, Carr 12486; Koitaki, 450 m. alt., forest, tree 24 m., receptacles red, July 1935, Carr 12876. The New Guinean plants of this affinity are, I think, best referred to F. gibbosa Bl. Ficus tinctoria Forst. f., to which Diels reduces F. gibbosa, is a Pacific Island species not occurring farther west than the Bismarck Archipelago. Ficus leptodictya Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 196 (1935). Papua: Central Division, Boridi, 1350 m. alt., forest, tree 12 m., receptacles dark red when mature, November 1935, Carr 14799, Ficus ochrochlora Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Ser. 2, Bot. 9: 148 (1916). Papua: Western Division, Palmer River, 2 miles below junction of Black River, 100 m. alt., tree 10 m., fruit green, June 1936, Brass 6954; same locality, common in second-growth forests on sandy river banks, tree 5 m., receptacles green with brown tubercles, solitary and sessile in axils, about 2.3 cm. diam., July 1936, Brass 7287; Central Division, Mafulu, 1250 m. alt., abundant on banks of small stream, tree up to 6-7 m. with spreading branches, receptacles reddish-brown, slightly 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 91 warted, about 1.5 cm. diam., September-November 1933, Brass 5337; Brown River, 90 m. alt., on bank, tree 6 m., receptacles green, August 1935, Carr 12946. Obviously closely allied to F. Gazellae Engl. but with much larger sessile receptacles with numerous scattered bracts. Ficus macrorrhyncha Lauterb. & K. Schum. in F]. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 277 (1901). Papua: Central Division, Mafulu, 1100 m. alt., tall forest of lower levels, substage tree 10 m., immature receptacles reddish, about 1 cm. diam., September-November 1933, Brass 5376; Isuarava, 1350 m. alt., forest, tree 4 m., receptacles dull pink, February 1936, Carr 15529. TERRITORY OF New GuINEA: Kani Mts., 1000 m. alt., in woods, January 1908, Schlechter 17225. In my opinion Diels is quite wrong in reducing this species to F. celebica Bl., which has leaves with different venation, base and indu- mentum, and smaller and differently shaped receptacles. The Schlech- ter specimen is cited by Diels under F. Caroli Diels but appears to be an almost glabrous form of F. macrorrhyncha. Ficus trachypison K. Schum. in Schum. & Lauterb. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 280 (1901). Ficus pteleiphylla S. Moore in Jour. Bot. 61, suppl. 49 (1923). Papua: Western Division, Wuroi, Oriomo River, 5 m. alt., in river- bank forest, loosely branched, erect tree, 10 m. high, receptacles orange- red, about 1.2 cm. diam., January 1934, Brass 5771; same locality, 5-10 m. alt., rain forest fringing river, slender tree 15 m., sap not milky, iene dark and shining above, Seat cles pale vole about 1.4 cm. diam., January 1934, Brass 5881; Central Division, Koitaki, 450 m. alt., open country, tree 4.5 m., poeotacles deep golden-yellow, April 1935, Carr 12030; same locality and altitude, open savannah land, shrub 1 m., fruits green, May 1935, Carr ? 12266; as last, forest, tree 18 m., receptacles green, tipped darker, July 1935, Carr 12779; Boridi, by Hovea River, forest, 1050 m. alt., tree 6 m., receptacles yellow, October 1935, Carr 14736, same locality and altitude, secondary forest, 4.5 m., receptacles orange, November 1935, Carr 14934; Isuarava, 1050 m. alt., secondary forest, tree 9 m., receptacles greenish-orange, February 1936, Carr 15788. The type of F. pteleiphylla S. Moore agrees well with F. trachypison in vegetative and floral characters, the most obvious difference being that the leaf-venation is much more distinct on the under surface. Judging from other specimens this is merely a matter of preservation. 92 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Ficus hystricicarpa Warb. in K. Schum. & Lauterb. Nachtr. FI. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 244 (1905). Papua: Central Division, Mt. Tafa, 2400 m. alt., brushy roadside clearing, a few examples, small erect branched or unbranched shrub to 50 cm. high, receptacles dark green, orifice red, September 1933, Brass 5041; Boridi, 1500 m. alt., forest, shrub 2.5 m., receptacles on very short lateral branches, green, September 1935, Carr 13335; Lala River, 1650 m. alt., forest, shrub 3 m., receptacles bright red, December 1935, Carr 14051; Eastern Division, Ebomi Island, Samarai, sea level, tree 9 m., November 1933, Cheesman 132. Ficus Caroli Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 200 (1935). Papua: Central Division, Mt. Tafa, 2400 m. alt., in landslip shrub- bery, common, bush 1.2-1.5 m., young leaves brown beneath, mature stiff, scabrid, receptacles solitary, hard, pale brown, 1.3-1.5 cm. diam., May-September 1933, Brass 5098 ; Boridi, 1410 m. alt., secondary forest, tree 4.5 m., receptacles dark red, September 1935, Carr 13304; Alola, 1860 m. alt., forest, tree 9 m., receptacles on very short lateral branches, deep red when mature, December 1935, Carr 13656 (? 15656); Boridi, 1350 m. alt., forest, tree 4.5 m., receptacles green, September 1935, Carr 14211; Boridi, 1200 m. alt., forest, tree 9 m., receptacles pale greenish, October 1935, Carr 14342; Boridi, 1410 m. alt., secondary forest, shrub 2 m., receptacles deep blackish-purple, November 1935, Carr 14866. Ficus phaeosyce Lauterb. & K. Schum. FI. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siuidsee 276 (1901). Papua: Central Division, Mafulu, 1500 m. alt., forest, tree 6 m., Dec. 1933, Cheesman 130. Ficus Branderhorstii Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 201 (1935). Papua: Western Division, Upper Wassi Kussa River, left branch, scattered along gullies in savannah forest, low tree 3-4 m., fruit imma- ture, January 1937, Brass 8655. This specimen is less hairy than the type and the leaves have fewer lateral nerves but the general facies is the same and the two agree in floral characters. Ficus Armiti King in Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 55”: 404 (1887). Papua: Central Division, Mafulu, 1250 m. alt., in Oak forests, scandent with slender branches spreading flatly from supporting tree trunk, leaves pale, receptacles solitary, smooth, yellow or orange-yellow, September—November 1933, Brass 5293. 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 93 Ficus hololampra Diels, l.c. 201. Papua: Western Division, Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, rain forest, common on riverbanks, large independent canopy- tree, stem spur-buttressed, bark brownish-black, rough, fruit depressed- globose, orange-yellow flecked with green, October 1936, Brass 8079. Ficus chaetophora Warb. in K. Schum. & Lauterb. Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 246 (1905). Ficus adenosperma Summerh. in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 143, 206 (1926), non Miq. Papua: Western Division, Palmer River, 2 miles below junction of Black River, 100 m. alt., chief component of seral forests of sandy river-banks and islands of stream, tree 8-10 m. with slightly drooping branches, receptacles soft, green, + 1.7 cm. diam., June 1936, Brass 6953 ; Lower Fly River, Sturt Island, rain forest, spreading tree 8-10 m., in small pure stands on river bank, latex yellow-brown, leaf-nerves white, fruit green, up to 1.2 cm. diam., October 1936, Brass 8192, Central Division, Mafulu, 580 m. alt., common along river bottom, tree 15-18 m. with flat spreading branches, leaves pale, nerves whitish, receptacles green, about 1.5 cm. diam., October 1933, Brass 5269; Veiya, sea level, riverside swamp forest, tree 4.5 m., receptacles green, March 1935, Carr 11598; same locality, secondary forest, tree 4.5 m., receptacles brown- purple with greenish spots, March 1935, Carr 11737; Rouna, 240 m. alt., open savannah land, tree 4.5 m., receptacles green, June 1935, Carr 12483; Brown River, 90 m. alt., river bank, tree 4.5 m., receptacles green, August 1935, Carr 12945. TERRITORY OF NEW GUINEA: New Britain, Malabungi Mission, in secondary jungle, New Guinea Dept. Agric. A 18. Ficus adenosperma Miq., to which I referred some specimens of this species collected by Brass in 1926, differs from F. chaetophora in the different indumentum of the stems, in the midribs of the leaves being adpressed-hairy beneath and in minor floral details. The species are evidently closely allied. Ficus pycnoneura Lauterb. & K. Schum. FI. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Sudsee 275 (1901); Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 187 (1935). Papua: Central Division, Koitaki, 450 m. alt., wood by stream, shrub 2 m., leaves green, nerves rose-red beneath, receptacles shiny green, April 1935, Carr 11951. Diels places F. pycnoneura and his new species F. trichocerasa, to- gether with F. aruensis King, in sect. Urostigma where they constitute 94 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII one of his four subgroups. Except that F. pycnoneura was originally referred to this section, I cannot see on what grounds these species should be included in it, especially as Diels himself says that F. pycnoneura is allied to F. adenosperma Miq. Ficus aruensis appears to me to have nothing to do with the other species and is referred to quite a different section (Neomorphe) by King. I have examined material of both the New Guinea species, including the type specimens, and I can find only male and gall flowers in any of the receptacles examined. I have observed no female flowers and indeed all the stigmas seen are of a reduced type found generally in gall flowers. Apart from this, the floral characters are not those of sect. Urostigma but rather those of sect. Sycidium, to which I believe both species, as well as F. endochaete (see below), should be referred. Ficus xanthoxyla Summerhayes which, following suggestions made by myself, is placed by Diels in sect. Eusyce, is evidently allied to F. pycnoneura and should also be included in sect. Sycidium. Ficus endochaete Summerhayes, sp. nov.; affinis F. pycnoneurae Lauterb. & K. Schum.-et F. trichocerasae Diels, a quibus ramulis junioribus + patentim molliter pilosis, foliis anguste lanceolatis basi subrotundatis subtus costa et nervis densius indutis, receptaculis bracteis prope apicem pseudo-annulatim dispositis mespili ad instar facile distinguenda. Arbor parva. Ramuli graciles, juniores dense + patentim molliter griseo-pilosi, demum glabrescentes, cortice rubro-brunneo vel griseo- brunneo leviter ruguloso obtecti. Folia breviter petiolata, anguste lanceolata, apice sensim acuminata, basi rotundata vel subrotundata, usque ad 11 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata, marginibus leviter recurvatis, costa et nervis supra impressis subtus prominentibus, nervis primariis utrin- secus 11—15 infimis e costa angulo fere recto superioribus e costa angulo 50°-—60° exortis curvatim adscendentibus prope marginem arcuatim conjunctis, siccitate discoloria, supra juventute adpresse pilosa demum (costa longiuscule adpresseque pilosa excepta) glabra, subtus pallidiora costa et nervis dense adpresseque pilosa ceterum pubescentia; petiolus fere teres, supra leviter canaliculatus, 8-12 mm. longus, + dense molliter pilosus; stipulae lanceolatae, acuminatae, circiter 1 cm. longae, costa dorsaliter fulvido-pilosa excepta glabrae. Receptacula axillaria, soli- taria, pedunculata, sphaeroidea, 8-9 mm. longa, 9-10 mm. diametro, extra breviter pubescentia, intus inter flores dense brunneo-setulosa, bracteis 1-2 infimis basi receptaculi sitis ceteris prope apicem recep- taculi pseudo-annulatim dispositis subcarnosis obtusis, ostiolo vix dis- 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 95 tincto bracteis leviter prominentibus; pedunculus ebracteatus, gracilis, 7-13 mm. longus, sparse pubescens. Flores masculi cum femineis cecidiophoris in eodem receptaculo inclusi, prope ostiolum dispositi, sessiles; perianthii segmenta 3, distincta, oblonga vel oblanceolata, obtusa, circiter 2 mm. longa, glabra, rubro-brunnea, stamen singulum includentia. Flores feminei cecidiophori sessiles; perianthii segmenta 2-4, iis florum masculorum similia sed lineari-oblonga vel linearia; ovarium ovoideum vel ellipsoideum, stylo laterali vel subapicali stigmate truncato-clavato coronato. Flores feminei non visi. Papua: Central Division, Mt. Tafa, 2400 m. alt., small tree on bank of a stream in forest, leaves pale, receptacles solitary, green, May—Sep- tember 1933, Brass 4913. From the vegetative and floral characters this species is evidently allied to F. pycnoneura Lauterb. & K. Schum. and F. trichocerasa Diels, from which it differs most obviously in the very narrow lanceolate leaves, these being elliptical, obovate or broadly oblanceolate in its two rela- tives. Ficus trichocerasa has a number of bracts scattered on the surface of the receptacle, but in F. endochacte these are mostly aggregated around the ostiole forming a sort of discontinuous rim and producing an appearance reminiscent of a medlar. Ficus charadrophila Summerh. in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 152 (1929). Papua: Western Division, Palmer River, 1 mile below junction of Black River, shrub or small tree seldom more than 1 m. high, crown flat, 3-4 m. diam., branches very tough, smooth, purple-black, June 1936, Brass 6949. Ficus Bismarckiana Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 206 (1935). Papua: Central Division, Koitaki, 450 m. alt., wood by stream, tree 6 m., receptacles green, tipped dark green, June 1935, Carr 12582; Isuarava, 1200 m. alt., secondary forest, tree 9 m., receptacles brownish- olive, February 1936, Carr 15609. TERRITORY OF New GurneA: Admiralty Islands. March 1875, Moseley. Ficus xanthosyce Summerh. in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 144 (1929). Papua: Central Division, Mafulu, 1250 m. alt., forest second growths, common compact tree of erect branching habit, about 5 m. high, ripe receptacles purple, soft and palatable, September-November 1933, Brass 5243 Ficus duriuscula King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1: 155, t. 195 (1888). Papua: Western Division, Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt 96 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Island, rain forest, common on ground occasionally flooded, substage tree 14-16 m., fruit hard, in numerous small fascicles on stem, yellow brown, erect, October 1936, Brass 8001 ; Central Division, Rona, Laloki River, 450 m. alt., common in shelter of rocks on savannah hillside, tree 3-4 m., receptacles occasionally axillary but almost all fasciculate on trunk and branches, 1.5 1.3 cm., red, soft when ripe, March 1933, Brass 3567; same locality and altitude, light rain forest on hillside, small tree 5 m. high, leaves shining above, receptacles in fascicles on stem and main branches, broadly pyriform, about 2.5 cm. diam., reddish brown with pale yellow dots, March 1933, Brass 3619; near Rouna Falls, 270 m. alt., forest on steep rocky hillside, tree 4.5 m., receptacles on short branches, deep cream suffused rose-red at apex, May 1935, Carr 12358 ; North-Eastern Division, Kokoda, 360 m. alt., forest, small tree, September 1933, Cheesman 91. Ficus muriculata Miq. in Zoll. Syst. Verz. 93, 98 (1854). Ficus longepedunculata Rechinger; Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 208 (1935), non Elmer. Papua: Western Division, Tarara, Wassi Kussa River, in village clearing, one tree 6 m. high, midrib and nerves red below, fruit clus- tered on main branches, brown, depressed, secreting a thick yellow latex, January 1937, Brass 8749; Central Division, Veiya, sea-level, forest, tree 12 m., receptacles on very short cauline branches or axillary, very pale green, March 1935, Carr 11728; North-Eastern Division, Kokoda, 360 m. alt., forest, April 1933, Cheesman 2, May 1933, Cheesman 22. I am not quite certain of the relationship of this to F. copiosa Steud. which is very similar in many respects. Sect. CovELLiIa Ficus septica Burm. f. Fl. Ind. 226 (1768); Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 194 (1935). Ficus casearia F. Muell. ex Benth.; Summerh. in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 148 (1929). Papua: Western Division, Daru Island, plentiful in low secondary growth on old garden clearings, shrub or small tree, fruit white, March 1936, Brass 6243 ; Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, rain forest, shrub in forest borders or tree 5-6 m. in secondary growth, fruit white, August 1936, Brass 7558; Central Division, Rona, Laloki River, 450 m. alt., in shelter of rocks on savannah, tree 3-4 m., no latex, receptacles greenish white, ribbed, up to 2.5 cm. diam., March 1933, Brass 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 97 3569; Mafulu, 1250 m. alt., plentiful in regrowth brush, bush or small tree 2-3 m., receptacles in axillary pairs, pale green, September—-Novem- ber 1933, Brass 5412; Mafulu, 1200 m. alt., on grass slope in forest, young trees 2 m. high, Dec. 1933, Cheesman 131; Kanosia, 15 m. alt., under Hevea, tree 4.5 m., receptacles axillary, pale green, February 1935, Carr 11530; Boridi, 1110 m. alt., secondary forest, tree 5 m., receptacles green, spotted brown, October 1935, Carr 14661 ; Isuarava, 1050 m. alt., secondary forest, tree 7.5 m., receptacles light green, February 1936, Carr 15746. TERRITORY OF NEw GUINEA: Minjem Thor, May 1907, Schlechter 16091 (cited by Diels under F. tinctoria Forst. f.); Morobe Distr., Andarova, 1500 m. alt., forest on mountain side, small tree, January 1937, Blackwood 176; Duke of York Island (between New Britain & New ireland), Bradtke 274 ; New Britain, Mowehafen, sea-level ee rain forest, June 1937, Blackwood 314 — vern. name, ‘‘Watiri.’ I do not understand on what grounds Diels transferred this species from sect. Covellia (in which it was placed by King under the name of F. leucantotoma Poir.) to sect. Sycidium. King’s plate shows the gall and female flowers to possess the typical structure of sect. Covellia, while specimens from New Guinea possess identical floral structure. It is interesting to note that although all the specimens I have seen from Malaya and the mainland of New Guinea possess strictly axillary recep- tacles, there are some in the Kew Herbarium from the Admiralty Islands and from the New Hebrides in which some of the receptacles are borne on leafless cauline branches such as are found generally in sect. Covellia. In other respects these specimens agree perfectly with material bearing axillary receptacles. Ficus formosa Summerhayes, sp. nov.; inter species sectionis foliis obovatis inferne subvelutinis, receptaculis axillaribus solitariis, florum cecidiophororum perianthii segmentis liberis apice sub- spathulatis subulato-acuminatis valde distincta. Arbor formosa, multiramosa, 16 m. alta; ramuli crassiusculi, longi- tudinaliter rugulosi, juventute molliter villosuli, demum glabri cortice cinereo-brunneo obtecti, cicatricibus stipularum et foliorum delapsorum notati. Folia breviter petiolata, obovata, apice breviter caudato-acumi- nata, inferne cuneatim angustata, basi ipsa aequaliter subcordata, 9-14 cm. longa, 5-8 cm. lata, viva pallida, siccitate brunnescentia, supra costa pubescente excepta glabra, subnitentia, subtus praesertim costa et nervis subvelutino-villosula, costa et nervis supra impressis subtus prominentibus, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 9—13 e costa angulo 65°—85° 98 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoOL. XXII exortis parallelis curvatis juxta marginem arcuatim conjunctis, nervis secundariis et tertiariis distinctis, mesophyllo subtus sub lente minute elevato-puncticulato; petiolus 1-2 cm. longus, supra canaliculatus, villosulus; stipulae 1-2 cm. longae, extra villosulae. Receptacula axillaria, solitaria, breviter pedunculata, valde depresse globosa, usque ad 3 cm. longa et 4 cm. diametro, extra sparse pubescentia, intus inter flores hyalino-setosa, pedunculo circiter 5 mm. longo quam receptaculo magis piloso apice bracteis tribus brevissimis truncatis instructo, ostiolo vix prominente bracteis numerosis imbricatis levissime adscendentibus instructo. Flores masculi prope ostiolum siti, sessiles; perianthii seg- menta 3-4, libera vel basi -- connata, lanceolato-ligulata, acuta, 3—3.5 mm. longa, stamen superantia, glabra, rubro-brunnea; stamen 1, anthera apiculata 1.5 mm. longa. Flores feminei cecidiophori sessiles vel usque ad 2 mm. pedicellati; perianthii segmenta 5, libera, ex ungue longa angustissima subspathulata, apice subulato-acuminata, tota 3-5.5 mm. longa; ovarium stipitatum, stipite usque ad 3.5 mm. longo, ellipsoideum vel obovoideum, 1-2 mm, longum, atro-brunneum, stylo infra-apicali, stigmate breviter infundibuliformi. Flores feminei non visi. Papua: Central Division, Mafulu, 1250 m. alt., in lower primary forest, much branched tree, 16 m. high, leaves pale, receptacles solitary in axils, up to 4 & 3 cm., September-November 1933, Brass 5346. This species shows such an exceptional combination of characters that it is difficult to place it with confidence in any of the sections proposed by King. In general appearance of the vegetative parts and receptacles it resembles those species of sect. Covellia with axillary receptacles, while the infundibuliform stigmas of the gall-flowers are quite similar to those in many species of this section. The perianths of both male and gall flowers are, however, very unlike those usually found in sect. Covellia, consisting of several almost or quite free parts, and being much more reminiscent of the perianth in many species of sect. Sycidium. In the gall flowers each segment has a long narrow claw with a spathulate lamina at the apex. Corner* points out that in F. cunia Ham. the perianth segments in the female flowers are only united at the base. This species, however, has geocarpic receptacles and is in other respects very dissimilar from F. formosa. Ficus hylophila Lauterb. & K. Schum. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 283 (1901). Papua: Western Division, Oriomo River, Wuroi, 10 m. alt., solitary example at river landing place clearing, apparently planted, small bushy *Jour. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Malay. Branch 11: 21 (1933). 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 99 tree 4 m. high, receptacles yellow-green, sweet and palatable, January— March 1934, Brass 5792 ; Central Division, Dieni, Ononge Road, 500 m. alt., common in rain forests, slender tree 5 m., leaves dark and glossy, receptacles clustered on trunk, 1 cm. long, 1.2 cm. diam., florets purple, April 1933, Brass 3828 ; Mafulu, 1250 m. alt., common in lower forests, tree 5—8 m., leaf midrib and nerves whitish, receptacles clustered on lower trunk, numerous, pyriform, November 1933, Brass 5506. Ficus Hahliana Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 211 (1935). Papua: Western Division, Fly River, 528 mile camp, 80 m. alt., rain forest secondary growth, slender, sparsely branched tree 6 m. high, fruit costate at apex, in small clusters on stem below branches, May 1936, Brass 6755. This agrees with Diels’ description in the indumentum, shape and size of the leaves, the number of lateral nerves, the type of inflorescence, the setose inside of the receptacle and the hairy styles. It differs in the shape of the base and the hairy upper surface of the leaves, the length of the peduncles and the slightly smaller female flowers. Ficus Bernaysii King in Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55°: 406 (1887). Papua: Central Division, Isuarava, 1350 m. alt., secondary forest, tree 6 m., receptacles on short, very dense lateral branches, brown, February 1936, Carr 15517. Ficus grandis King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 1: 170, t. 214 (1888). Papua: Central Division, Rona, Laloki River, 450 m. alt., rare in shelter of rocks on open savannah, stiffly branched small tree 4 m. high with very slightly fissured bark, leaves stiff, white-flecked on upper surface, receptacles clustered on trunks and along branches, depressed pyriform, 3.5 cm. long, 4—5 cm. diam., yellow-green with white flecks and small brown pointed tubercles, rather palatable, March 1933, Brass 3551, Kanosia, sea level, in marshy forest, tree 4.5 m., receptacles on very short cauline branches, February 1935, Carr 11316 ; Koitaki, 450 m. alt., in wood by stream, tree 6 m., receptacles in short branched cauline inflorescences, cream, suffused dull red towards the base, April 1935, Carr 11949, Ficus setistyla Warb. in K. Schum. & Lauterb. Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 248 (1905). Ficus grandis Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 214 (1935), partim. Papua: Western Division, Dagwa, Oriomo River, 40 m. alt., forest patches in limestone sink-hole, small tree, branchlets hollow, receptacles 100 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII in small clusters on trunk and main branches, soft, warty, February 1934, Brass 5967 ; Daru Island, at edge of rain forest, spreading low tree 6 m. high, fruit in numerous fascicles on trunk and main branches, flattened, yellow-green, April 1936, Brass 6440; Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, occasional in secondary rain forest, low cauliflorus tree, 4.5 m., fruit green, warted compressed, about:4 cm. diam., September 1936, Brass 7740; Central Division, Kubuna, 100 m. alt., riverbank in rain forest regrowths, tree 6 m., branches hollow, receptacles in small clusters on trunk, up to 5 cm. diam., green, November 1933, Brass 5605; Veiya, sea level, riverside forest, tree 12 m., receptacles in very short dense cauline branches, olive-green laxly speckled brown, eaten by natives, March 1935, Carr 11640 — vern. name, ‘“Nananu.” In his account of the New Guinea figs Diels includes this under F. grandis King. Examination of material of both species satisfies me that they should be separated as distinct species. Ficus setistyla differs in the leaves being much hairier, in the base being usually markedly cordate with often unequal sides and in the much shorter petiole. The stigmas of the gall flowers are peltate whereas those of F. grandis are infundi- buliform. Ficus pachythyrsa Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 215 (1935). Papua: Western Division, Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, rain forest, substage tree on drier soils, receptacles crowded at ends of thick spreading branches up to 50 cm. long on lower stem, green speckled with brown, about 2 cm. diam., October 1936, Brass 8144. This specimen agrees well with Diels’ description except the hairs on the leaf nerves are not closely but only loosely adpressed. Ficus arfakensis King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, 1: 104, t. 133 (1888) Papua: Central Division, Dieni, Ononge Road, 500 m. alt., rain forest, slender tree 10 m., fruiting branches on lower trunk, up to 1 m. long, receptacles pale brown, 1.4 cm. long, 1.6 cm. diam., April 1933, Brass 3832; Mafulu, 1250 m. alt., substage of forest on limestone country, tree 7-8 m., leaves thin, brown hirsute beneath, fruiting branches near base of trunk, 1.5 m. long, half their length resting on the ground, October 1933, Brass 5227; Koitaki, 450 m. alt., forest, tree nearly 4 m., receptacles on cauline branches, brown, April 1935, Carr 12025; Garabinumu, 300 m. alt., forest, tree 6 m., receptacles on basal branches up to 3 m. long, green spotted biscuit, August 1935, Carr 12910; Yodda River below Isuarava, 1050 m. alt., secondary forest, 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 101 tree 6 m., receptacles on long lateral branches, red-brown speckled cream, February 1936, Carr 15489. Ficus myriocarpa Miq. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3: 230 (1867). Papua: Western Division, Palmer River, 2 miles below junction of Black River, 100 m. alt., common in older second growth forests on river flood-plains, tree 10-12 m., receptacles on diffuse leafless branches from trunks and main limbs, soft, red, 1.5 cm. diam., July 1936, Brass 7328, Central Division, Bella Vista, 1450 m. alt., common in regrowth forest, densely foliaged spreading tree about 12 m. high, immature receptacles on long pendent panicles, November 1933, Brass 5441; Koitaki, 450 m. alt., forest, tree 15 m., receptacles on basal branches nearly 2 m. long, orange-red, July 1935, Carr 12807 ; Brown River, 90 m. alt., river bank, tree 4.5 m., geocarpic, receptacles on long basal branches, dull red, August 1935, Carr 12950; Boridi, 1110 m. alt., forest, tree 9 m., receptacles on long lateral branches sometimes trailing along the ground, dull red, October 1935, Carr 14664. TERRITORY OF NEw GuInEA: Morobe Distr., above Eku, 1500 m. alt., forest on mountain side, tree, fruit branches hang straight from trunk, Blackwood 224. Vern. Names: —wikwa (Nauti), gwaip (Mauki). Ficus conora King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta, 1: 103, t. 131 (1888). Ficus brachiata Ridley in Gibbs, Phytogeogr. & Fl. Arfak Mts. 208 (1917), non King. NETHERLANDS New GuINnEA: Manokoeari, 60-150 m. alt., common in high forests, January 1914, Gibbs 6172. Papua: Central Division, Koitaki, 450 m. alt., wood by stream, tree 6 m., receptacles on cauline branches, green with whitish spots and brown warts, April 1935, Carr 11954; near Rouna Falls, 270 m. alt., forest on steep rocky hillside, tree 6 m., receptacles on long branches, green, tipped darker and spotted brown, May 1935, Carr 12365; Boridi, 1050 m. alt., forest, tree 7.5 m., receptacles on lateral branches, green, spotted brown, October 1935, Carr 14654; North-Eastern Division, Kokoda, 360 m. alt., near stream in forest, slender tree 4.5 m. high, fruit in loose bunches from the trunk on long twigs of unequal length, May 1933, Cheesman 30. Sect. NEOMORPHE Ficus nodosa Teysm. & Binn. in Nat. Tijdsk. Nederl. Ind. 29: 245 (1866). Papua: Western Division, Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, rain forest, cauliflorous tree on river bank, stem plank- 102 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII buttressed, bark thin, reddish brown, fruit in paniculate clusters, about 3.5 cm. diam., smooth, reddish-brown spotted with green, October 1936, Brass 8047; Central Division, Veiya, sea-level, forest, tree 21 m., re- ceptacles on short cauline branches, dull red spotted pale brown, March 1935, Carr 11693. TERRITORY OF NEW GUINEA: New Britain, Méwehafen, tropical forest, fruit in small bunches from trunk, July 1937, Blackwood 342 — Vern. Name, ‘“‘taganum.” Ficus variegata Bl. Bijdr. 459 (1825). Papua: Western Division, Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, rain forest of moister ridges, large canopy tree, stem spur- buttressed, bark grey-brown, fruit clustered on larger branches, few on stem, about 3 cm. diam., smooth, green flecked with white, October 1936, Brass 8223; Central Division, Veiya, sea level, forest, tree 24 m., receptacles on short cauline branches, green, March 1935, Carr 11721. TERRITORY OF NEw GuINEA: New Britain, Méwehafen, sea level, tropical forest, tree, July 1937, Blackwood 340—Vern. Name, “malaya.” Sect. Eusycr Ficus distichoidea Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 221 (1935). Papua: Central Division, Koitaki, 450 m. alt., in forest on an Arto- carpus, climber, receptacles axillary, orange, May 1935, Carr 12112. Ficus calodictya Summerh. in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 149 (1929). Papua: Central Division, Brown River, at Emia creek, 90 m. alt., climber, receptacles axillary, green, August 1935, Carr 12925. Ficus Pantoniana King in Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 55”: 407 (1887). Papua: Central Division, Koitaki, 450 m. alt., climber on an Arto- carpus in forest, receptacles axillary, orange-red turning purple when ripe, May 1935, Carr 12113. Ficus cinnabarina S. Moore in Jour. Bot. 61: suppl. 50 (1923). Papua: Western Division, Palmer River, 2 miles below junction of Black River, 100 m. alt., very large root climber of forest canopy, fruit solitary or in pairs, axillary or in lateral fascicles of 2-4, depressed- globose, 3 cm. long, 3.5 cm. diam., red when ripe, soft, fleshy, covered with irritant hairs, July 1936, Brass 7214; Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, stiff climber of rain forest canopy, fruit covered with brown irritant hairs, August 1936, Brass 7463; Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, common on ridges in rain forest, large root- climber, fruit about 3 cm. diam., green, covered with irritant brown 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 103 hairs, florets purple, October 1936, Brass 8098; Central Division, Koitaki, 450 m. alt., forest, climber, receptacles axillary, deep rose-red, June 1935, Carr 12523. Ficus Baeuerleni King in Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55°: 408 (1887). Papua: Central Division, Koitaki, 450 m., stream bank in open country, climber, receptacles axillary, green, April 1935, Carr 11960; same locality and altitude, wood by stream, climber, receptacles axillary, rose-red, June 1935, Carr 12591. Ficus fuscata Summerhayes, sp. nov.; a F. obtusa Hassk. foliis majori- bus acutioribus basi leviter rotundatis tantum supra haud scaberulis costa et nervis subtus villosulis nec velutino-pubescentibus, recep- taculis longius pedunculatis intus inter flores fere glabris dis- tinguitur. Scandens; ramuli siccitate longitudinaliter rugulosi, juventute dense fulvo-villosi, demum glabri, cortice pallide cinereo-brunneo obtecti, cicatricibus fere orbicularibus prominentibus foliorum delapsorum notati. Folia alterna, petiolata; lamina ovata vel elliptico-ovata, apice breviter acuminata, basi leviter rotundata, 9-17 cm. longa, 4-12 cm. lata, firme chartacea vel fere subcoriacea, basi trinervis, costa (ut nervi) supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-8 e€ costa angulo 30°—45° exortis prope marginem arcuatis inter se indis- tincte conjunctis prominentibus, nervis secundariis venis venulisque reticulationem crebrem distinctam efformantibus, supra laevis, in statu vivo nitens, praeter costam et nervos inferne villosulos glabra, subtus costa et nervis villosulis exceptis pubescens; petiolus 1.5—3.5 cm. longus, dorsaliter leviter compressus, fulvo-villosulus deinde glabrescens, laevis, brunneus; stipulae dense fulvo-villosulae, 6-8 mm. longae. Receptacula axillaria, gemina, pedunculata, feminea tantum visa, leviter depresse globosa, circiter 2 cm. longa et diametro, immatura pallide rubra, matura atro-purpurea, extra fulvide pubescentia, demum glabrescentia, intus inter flores fere glabra, bracteis basalibus basi receptaculi sitis annu- latim conjunctis, ostiolo prominente fulvide villosulo-pubescente bracteis ciliatis; pedunculus circiter 6 mm. longus, setuloso-pubescens et sparse villosulus. Flores feminei saepissime sessiles; perianthii segmenta 3, anguste lanceolata, inter se adhaerentia, usque ad 4.5 mm. longa, ovarium includentia, glabra, rubro-brunnea; ovarium compresse oblongo-ellip- soideum vel sursum sensim angustatum, breviter stipitatum, 2.5 mm. longum, stylo subapicali gracili hyalino, stigmate brunnescente + clavato cum aliis connato discum -+ orbicularem efformantibus. Achaenia immatura late alata, laevia, brunneo-aurantiaca. 104 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xxII Papua: Central Division, Dieni, Ononge Road, 500 m. alt., climber in rain forest, upper side of leaves shining, receptacles depressed- globose, 2.2 cm. long, 1.8 cm. diam., pink becoming dark purple when ripe, May 1933, Brass 3929. Not very closely allied to any New Guinea species known to me, but resembling F. obtusa Hassk. in general features and particularly in the receptacles and floral structure. Ficus obtusa, however, has the interior of the receptacle densely setose between the flowers whereas in F. fuscata it is almost glabrous. Both species are known only from the female receptacles. The perianth in both cases is more that of sect. Sycidium than of sect. Eusyce, but until the male plants are known no decision can profitably be made on this point. Ficus trichosphaeridia Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 225 (1935). Papua: Central Division, Koitaki, 450 m. alt., forest, climber, receptacles axillary, brownish-olive with small red warts, June 1935, Carr 12622, Ficus irritans Summerhayes, sp. nov.; affinis F. trichosphaeridiae Schltr., a qua habitu erecto nec scandente, foliis duplo minoribus basi leviter rotundatis nec cordatis subtus sparsiuscule adpresse pilosis, receptaculis brevissime pedunculatis paulo majoribus differt. Arbor parva; rami novelli densiuscule adpresse pilosi, demum glab- rescentes cortice rubro-brunneo longitudinaliter striato obtecti. Folia petiolata; lamina anguste lanceolato-elliptica vel elliptico-lanceolata, apice breviter acuminata, basi fere vel leviter rotundata, 5-11 cm. longa, 2.5-4 cm. lata, costa et nervis supra impressis subtus prominentibus, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 4-6 e costa 30°-45° exortis curvatim ad- scendentibus prope marginem indistincte conjunctis, venis secundariis tertiariis et ultimis distinctis, supra juventute sparsissime adpresse pilosa demum glabra, subtus praesertim costa et nervis adpresse molliter pilosa ; petiolus 8-12 mm. longus, teres, supra anguste canaliculatus, subdense adpresse pilosus; stipulae gemmarum lanceolatae, acuminatae, fulvide adpresse pilosae, 1-1.5 cm. longae. Receptacula axillaria, solitaria, brevissime pedunculata, depresso-globosa, matura fusco-rubra, 1.6—1.8 cm. diametro, extra pilis fulvidis irritantibus dense induta, intus inter flores sparse pubescentia, ostiolo leviter producto bracteis vix distinctis; pedunculus 2-3 mm. longus, ebracteatus. Flores masculi et feminei cecidiophori non visi. Flores feminei sessiles vel usque ad 2 mm. pedicellati; perianthii segmenta 3—4, oblanceolata, obtusa, basi angustis- sima, usque ad 2.5 mm. longa, glabra, rubro-brunnea; pedicellus spar- sissime pubescens; ovarium breviter stipitatum, anguste oblongo- 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 105 ellipsoideum, circiter 2 mm. longum, stylo subapicali, stigmate irregu- lariter clavato cum iis florum aliorum cohaerente. Papua: Central Division, Mafulu, 1250 m. alt., in forest regrowth small tree, leaves shining above, receptacles soft, dark red when ripe, 1.6-1.8 cm., covered with irritant hairs, September-November 1933, Brass 5260. This species, which appears from vegetative and floral characters to be a typical member of sect. Eusyce, is easily recognised by the small nar- rowly lanceolate-elliptical leaves with adpressed indumentum underneath and the almost sessile receptacles covered densely with irritant hairs, hence the specific epithet. Curiously enough, although an erect tree itself, its closest relatives are climbers, viz, F. trichosphaeridia Diels and F. balanota Diels. The differences between F. irritans and the former are given in the diagnosis; F. balanota has longer leaves with rounder base and soft spreading indumentum beneath, while its smaller recep- tacles have longer stalks, a much shorter indumentum and a remarkable cone-like projection at the apex leading up to the ostiole. Ficus insculpta Summerhayes, sp. nov.; ex affinitate F. sageretinae Diels et F. propinquae Merr., ab illa ramis juventute magis pilosis, foliis latioribus siccitate bullato-rugosis, nervis subtus patentim vel fere recurvatim pubescentibus, receptaculis adpresse ferrugineo- pilosis apice latissime coronatis, ab hac foliis minoribus, stipulis vix persistentibus, receptaculis sessilibus praesertim apice adpresse fer- rugineo-pilosis differt. Scandens; caules teretes, juventute molliter et dense ferrugineo- subhirsuti, demum glabrescentes, cortice fusco-brunneo leviter longi- tudinaliter striolato lenticellis rotundatis minutis asperulo obtecti, radi- cibus caespitosis tenuibus glabris instructi. Folia ut videtur disticha, breviter petiolata; lamina lanceolato- usque orbiculari-ovata, apice levi- ter et breviter acuminata, basi aequaliter cordata vel rotundata, usque ad 8 cm. longa et 5 cm. lata, marginibus saepe leviter recurvatis, costa (ut nervis primariis et secundariis) supra impressa (folia supra subbullato- insculpta) subtus prominente, nervis primariis utrinsecus 5-8 e costa angulo 45°—50° exortis adscendentibus juxta marginem arcuatim con- junctis, reticulationibus ultimis subdistinctis, supra glabra vel basi pilis perpaucis instructa, nitens, subtus praesertim costa et nervis molliter patentim pilosa; petiolus crassiusculus, 5-15 mm. longus, teres, supra angustissime canaliculatus, subdense subhirsutus; stipulae dense hir- sutae, circiter 1 cm. longae. Receptacula axillaria, solitaria vel gemina, sessilia, + globosa, 7-10 mm. diametro, extra praesertim superne sparse 106 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XXII adpresseque ferrugineo-hirsuta, bracteis basalibus deltoideis paleaceo- membranaceis adpresse hirsutis deciduis, ostiolo prominente bracteis vix distinctis vel subprominentibus, intus inter flores glabra vel sparsissime setosa. Flores masculi prope ostiolum siti, sessiles vel breviter pedicel- lati; perianthii segmenta 3-4, libera, oblonga vel spathulato-oblonga, obtusa, circiter 1.5 mm. longa, glabra, rubro-brunnea; stamina 2, fila- mentis brevibus, antheris 1-1.2 mm. longis. Flores feminei cecidiophori (immaturi) sessiles vel breviter pedicellati; perianthii segmenta iis florum masculorum similia sed breviora; ovarium breviter stipitatum, obovoideo-globosum, stylo subapicali, stigmate vix incrassato 2-3- denticulato. Flores feminei (immaturi) sessiles vel breviter pedicellati, perianthii segmentis 3—4 ferrugineis oblongis usque lanceolatis, ovario vix evoluto stylo hyalino stigmate hyalino clavato. Papua: Central Division, Mafulu, 1250 m. alt., climbing on tree trunks in forest, leaves stiff, glossy above, receptacles immature, Sep- tember—October 1933, Brass 5281 (subsidiary type—female plant) ; Boridi, 1440 m. alt., climber in forest, receptacles axillary, olive-green, September 1935, Carr 14231 (tTypE—male-gall plant). A species easily recognised by the small very wrinkled and sub-bullate leaves spreading hairy beneath, and sessile receptacles with the ostiole placed at the apex of a broad obtuse but not well-marked crown. Ficus hypophaea Schltr. ex Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 226 (1935). Papua: Central Division, Alola, 1800 m. alt., climber in forest, recep- tacles axillary, red-purple, Jan. 1936, Carr 14155; Boridi, 1350 m. alt., climber in forest, leaves brown beneath, receptacles axillary, dark green, November 1935, Carr 14497. Ficus Odoardi King in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 1: 156, t. 198 (1888). Papua: Central Division, near Rouna Falls, 270 m. alt., forest on steep rocky hillside, limber, receptacles axillary, brown, May 1935, Carr 12359; ren a 450 m. alt., climber in forest, receptacles axillary or cauline, dies rose-red with soln hairs, June 1935, Carr 12696; Boridi, 1050 m. alt., climber in forest by a river, receptacles laa olive tinted red, October 1935, Carr 14724. Ficus microdictya Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67: 229 (1935). Papua: Central Division, East Mt. Tafa, 2300 m. alt., foothill forest on sheltered side of range, tree 15 m., leaves dark and shining above, pale beneath, receptacles axillary, solitary, depressed, 1.8 2.2 cm., green, May 1933, Brass 4075; Mt. Tafa, 2400 m. alt., rare in forests of narrow valleys, large tree, bark fibrous, pale brown, leaves smooth, 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 107 dark, midrib whitish, receptacles axillary, solitary, or in small lateral fascicles, 1.2 & 2.5 cm., September 1933, Brass 4948; same locality, 2550 m. alt., mossy forest on mountain side, 3 m. high, February 1934, Cheesman 200. Ficus ihuensis Summerh. in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 153 (1929); Diels, Lc. 187 Papua: Central Division, Isuarava, 1440 m. alt., forest, tree 36 m., receptacles axillary, green suffused dull red, rose-red inside, February 1936, Carr 15426. The Carr specimen cited above bears male-gall receptacles and these show that the species belongs to sect. Eusyce and not to sect. Urostigma as assumed by Diels. Ficus incompta Diels, ].c. 229. Papua: Central Division, Mafulu, 1250 m. alt., lower primary forest, tree 15 m. with numerous short lateral branches, leaves pale floccose beneath, September—November 1933, Brass 5326. Ficus sp. Papua: Central Division, Mafulu, 1250 m. alt., very common in for- ests and on roadside banks, scandent and closely adpressed to rocks or tree-trunks, galled receptacles up to 1.5 cm. diam., September~November 1933, Brass 5348. This appears to be the early stage of some climbing species which probably develops very different leaves later on. The receptacles all seem to be abnormal, apparently having been attacked by some insect. Sect. SYNOECIA Ficus Scratchleyana King in Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55°: 404 (1887). Papua: Western Division, Palmer River, 2 miles below junction of Black River, 100 m. alt., rain forest of ridges, large root-climber ad- pressed to trunk and branches of large trees, fruit globose, soft, yellow, about 1 cm. diam., July 1936, Brass 7173; Central Division, Dieni, Ononge Road, 500 m. alt., large root-climber massed on trunk of rain forest tree, leaves dark, shiny, immature receptacles depressed-globose, 2 cm. long, 2.3 cm. diam., green with white flecks, April 1933, Brass 3844. Ficus gymnorygma Summerhayes, sp. nov.; affinis F. Carri Corner, a qua foliis breviter petiolatis supra nervis vix impressis subtus fulvide subtomentosis foveis stomatiferis nudis, receptaculi ostioli bracteis prominentibus, florum femineorum perianthii segmentis lineari- filiformibus hyalinis differt. 108 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Frutex alte scandens; rami saepe simplices, juventute dense ferru- gineo-tomentosi, demum glabrescentes, cortice brunneo obtecti. Folia (acrophylla) elliptico-lanceolata vel lanceolato-elliptica, apice breviter acuminata, basi + rotundata vix vel haud obliqua, 8-16 cm. longa, 4—6.5 cm. lata, marginibus recurvatis, costa supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis primariis utrinsecus 7—9 infimis exceptis e costa angulo recto vel fere recto exortis juxta marginem arcuatim conjunctis subtus prom- inentibus, nervis secundariis minus distinctis, reticulatione indistincto, inter venas foveis stomatiferis latis sed haud profundis orbicularibus instructa, supra glabra, laevia, subtus praesertim nervis venisque ++ dense fulvide subtomentosa, foveis stomatiferis glabris; petiolus subteres, 1.5—2.5 cm. longus, dense ferrugineo-tomentosus; stipulae breviter ad- presse pubescentes, 12 mm. longae. Receptacula aurantiaco-flavida, axillaria, solitaria, breviter pedunculata, fere globosa vel ellipsoidea, 2.5-3 cm. longa, 2.3—2.7 cm. diametro, ostioli bracteis valde prominen- tibus acutis, extra breviter ferrugineo-pilosa, intus inter flores setoso- pilosa; pedunculus circiter 5 mm. longus, breviter ferrugineo-pilosus, basi vel supra basin bracteis tribus deltoideis acuminatis instructus. Flores masculi et feminei cecidiophori non visi; flores feminei vero- similiter sessiles, perianthii segmentis 3-4 lineari-filiformibus usque ad 4 mm. longis hyalinis, ovario + longe stipitato ellipsoideo vel + re- niformi 2-3 mm. longo ferrugineo, stylo infra-apicali 1-1.5 mm. longo stigmate brevi bifido vel rarius trifido brachiis acutis hyalino. Flores neutri cum femineis commixti et eos aequantes, circiter 3 mm. pedicellati, perianthii segmentis 3 lanceolatis acutis 1.5 mm. longis hyalinis. Papua: Central Division, Bella Vista, 1450 m., in oak forest, root climber with high climbing stems, leaves yellowish, receptacles orange- yellow, Nov. 1933, Brass 5474. The climbing habit, stomata-bearing pits on the lower surface of the leaves and presence of neuter flowers in the seed receptacles indicate that the species should be placed in sect. Synoecia. It is, however, much to be regretted that male-gall receptacles were not collected. Ficus gym- norygma is the third representative of this section to be recorded from New Guinea, but instead of being allied to F. Scratchleyana King and F. rhopalosycia Diels, the other Papuan species, it much more closely resembles the Bornean F. Carri Corner. From this it differs in many features, the most striking one being that the circular pits on the lower surface of the leaf are glabrous instead of hairy, as in all other species of sect. Synoecia having these pits. Another aberrant character is the perianth of the female flowers which is (at all events, in the dried flowers) quite thin and hyaline instead of fleshy and coloured. There 1941] SUMMERHAYES, THE FIGS OF NEW GUINEA 109 is, however, a little doubt as to the nature of the structures which I have considered as the perianth. They are attached at the very base of the flower and may really be extra long receptacuiar hairs or perhaps the floral bract and the two bracteoles. If this interpretation is correct there is no perianth in the female flowers. The neuter flowers, although typical in general structure, have a thin hyaline perianth. According to the collector’s notes the species is a root-climber but unfortunately no portion bearing roots was collected. Nothing is stated about the presence of more than one type of leaf so that the occurrence of bathyphylls still remains doubtful; the description applies only to what are obviously acrophylls. RoyaL BoTanic GARDENS, Kew, SURREY. 110 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII NEW PHANEROGAMS FROM MEXICO, IV* Ivan M. JoHNSTON Atriplex Stewartii, sp. nov. Frutex dioicus 2.5-5 dm. altus pallidus saepe erectus et globosus; caulibus numerosis ascendenter ramosis; foliis numerosis alternis oblongis vel late lanceolatis, majoribus 2—2.5 cm. longis 5-8 mm. latis infra medium vel rariter supra medium latioribus, basi cuneatis subsessilibus, margine integris vel sinuato-dentatis; floribus femineis in axillis foliorum minorum superiorum glomeratis; bracteis fructiferis corpus seminiferum quadrialatum rostro conspicuo terminali donatum formantibus; corpore (alis 1-4 mm. latis exclusis) subsessili 3-6 mm. longo 1.5—2.5 mm. crasso infra medium crassiore; rostro conspicuo 2—5 (—7) mm. longo lobos subaequilongos ligulatos vel cuneatos basim versus 1—-1.5 (—2) mm. latos bifido supra alas corporis conspicue projecto; corpore alato a latere viso transverse elliptico vel suborbiculato usque ad ob-reniforme 5—10 mm. lato, basi saepe rotundato, apice rotundo vel truncato vel breviter lateque angulato-lobato, margine integro vel undulato rariter dentato- lobato; seminibus eas A. acanthocarpae simulantibus; floribus masculis spicas elongatas moniliformes formantibus numerosis; staminibus 5. CoanuILa (Llano de Guaje): margin of playa at base of Lomas del Aparejo, abundant, erect globose bush 10-16 in. tall, August 28, 1940, Johnston & Muller 777 (typr, Gray Herb.); margin of playa near Tanque La India, erect usually globose bush up to 18 in. tall, 1940, Johnston & Muller 781 (G); margin of playa near Tanque La India, growing among low bushes and supported by them, stems 3 ft. long, 1940, Johnston & Muller 785 (G). This plant was observed only about the margin of the playa in the Llano de Guaje, about 100 km. northeast of Sierra Mojada. It grew with A. obovata, but was much more common than that species. The only other Atriplex observed in the region was A. canescens, which grew in the desert-scrub back from the dry-lake. The soil about the playa was only moderately saline. No species of Suaeda, for example, was found in the region. The species is probably most closely related to A. acanthocarpa from which it is quickly distinguished by its fruit. The fruiting bracts bear *New Phanerogams from Mexico, III. See Jour. Arnold Arb. 21: 253-265 (1940). 1941] JOHNSTON, NEW PHANEROGAMS FROM MEXICO, IV 111 4 well developed longitudinal wings, in the manner of A. canescens, rather than being covered with irregularly arranged numerous coarse flattened appendages. The fruiting bracts most suggest those of A. linearis and some forms of A. canescens, but differ in their very long slender con- spicuous rostrum and in the lack of a stipe. The species commonly had a low bushy habit very similar to that of A. obovata, but some plants (represented by no. 785) had the sprawling habit of A. acanthocarpa. The leaves varied in form; some had leaves similar to those of A. obovata (no. 781), but most of the plants had sinuately toothed leaves suggestive of A. acanthocarpa. Of all the many plants examined only those in one colony had the bract with lobed wings. This is represented by no, 785. Some of the fruits of this collection have the wings well developed and subentire while others have some of the wings broken down into a row of flattened appendages. In habit of growth, foliage and fruit, there- fore, this collection gives the clearest indication of the relationship of A. Stewartii and A. acanthocarpa. I am naming this species in honor of my good friend Mr. Robert Stewart of Santa Elena Mines, who accompanied me when it was collected. Without Mr. Stewart’s help, Mr. Muller and I could not have visited the great Llano de Guaje. In fact, he was responsible for much of the success of our collecting trip in Coahuila this past summer. Not content with contributing indirectly to the study of the Coahuilan flora, Mr. Stewart has now started to botanize. His name is very fittingly asociated with this interesting Coahuilan plant. Atriplex reptans, sp. nov. Planta dioica perennis rhizomatosa depressa prostrata pallida foliosis- sima: rhizomatibus valde elongatis ad 3-4 mm. crassis; ramis foliatis abundantibus, raro elongatis saepe congestis 2-5 cm. longis dense ascendenter ramosis; foliis oppositis crassulis ovato-oblongis vel elliptico-oblongis 2.5-4.5 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. latis medium versus vel infra medium latioribus saepe quam internodiis subduplo longioribus basi connatis apice obtusiusculis; floribus masculis in axillis foliorum superiorum glomeratis; glomerulis 3—5-floris inconspicuis, lobis perianthii 4 triangulari-ovatis, filamentis ad 1.4 mm. longis compressis, antheris rosaceis; floribus femineis saepe solitariis in axillis foliorum superiorum gestis; bracteis fructiferis minutis inconspicuis 2.5-3 mm. longis infra medium et ultra connatis; partibus connatis 1.2—1.4 mm. latis (medium versus latioribus) 0.7—0.8 mm. crassis, faciebus alte convexis nullo modo appendiculatis vel rugosis, basi rotundis sessilibus; partibus liberis bracteae crassis stricte ascendentibus ovato-triangularibus, apice obtu- 112 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxII siusculis, margine integris vel basim versus crasse unidentatis; seminibus brunneis crasse biconvexis radicula lateraliter erecta apice circa 4/5 altitudinis seminis attingente cotyledonem nullo modo superantibus; stylo fere ad basim bilobato. CoanuiLA: local on flats at the base of a gypseous ridge a mile or so east of Laguna de Jaco, September 9, 1940, Johnston & Muller 1081, pistillate (Type, Gray Herb.), Johnston & Muller 1080, staminate (G). This remarkable Atriplex was discovered while travelling from San Vicente southwesterly to Jaco. It was seen only on the flats at the eastern base of the gypseous ridges to the east of Lake Jaco. These flats are probably flooded after each rain. The Atriplex is the dominant and most common and conspicuous plant upon them. It forms irregular mats frequently a meter or more broad. I suspect that the plant is gypsophilous. It is evidently related to A. Watsoni Nels. (A. decumbens Wats.) of the coast of California and Baja California. It agrees with that western plant in having opposite leaves and similar fruiting bracts. It differs conspicuously from this relative in having the staminate flowers in inconspicuous axillary glomerules rather than in conspicuous terminal moniliform spikes. Fendlera rigida, sp. nov. Frutex rigidus erectus 5—18 dm. altus supra intricate ramosus; caulibus saepe numerosis cortice nigrescente obtectis basim versus ad 1 cm. crassis, supra dense breviter ramulosis, ramulis subdivaricatis brunneis non raro subspinescentibus, internodiis ad 14 mm. longis; foliis saepe congestis, non raro subfasciculatis; lamina crassa lineari 10-15 mm. longa 1.2-2.5 mm. lata, apice rotundata vel obtusa, basi in petiolum 1-2 mm. longum 0.3-0.5 mm. crassum tomentulosum abrupte contracta, supra convexa vel medium versus supra costam obscure impressa basim versus villosula, alibi pilis pallidis. rigidis 0.2-0.3 mm. longis adpressis sparsis ornata; marginibus folii valde revolutis costam latam planam subattingentibus et canaliculos duos angustos fundo pilis minutis abundantissimis bar- bellatis ornatos formantibus; floribus parvis apice ramulorum 1-3; pedicellis 2-4 mm. longis canescenti-puberulentibus; calyce canescente puberulente, lobis triangularibus ad 3 mm. longis acutis (maturitate ad 5 mm. longis saepe ascendentibus et media capsulam superantibus), tubo calycis ad 5 mm. diametro ad 2 mm. profundo; petalis albis extus medium versus sparse pilosis, lamina ovato-triangulari 4—5 mm. lata et 4.5—5.5 mm. longa apice acutiuscula margine saepe erosa, basi in unguem 3.5 mm. longum 1-1.5 mm. latum abruptissime contracta; staminibus sepalos superantibus, filamentis (i.e. a basi antheris usque ad basim 1941] JOHNS staminum) ca. longo inclusa) breviori; stylo ovoidea (stylis | COAHUILA: canyon at San & Muller 912 (1 A well market Madre near Mo shorter, more h capsules. It wa San Antonio de | It grew high on ing seams in the with the short, C Genistidium, ge Calyx campani bus alte connatis. infra apicem sec alis lunato-oblon obtuse lunatis ev laminarum conn puberulentum, st rulentam) conna ovulatum. Stylu ubique barbatus Legumen lineare coriaceis, suturis phiolata. — Frute trifoliolata, folioli Stipulae rigidusct superiorum saepe Genistidium dun Planta fruticos mosa ; versus 2—3 mm. cr pallidis dense stri abundantibus trifc oblanceolatis 5-1 ramis erecti TON, NEW PH AMS FROM MEXICO, IV 113 3.5 mm. longis, anthera (appendiculo apicale 0.6 mm. 1.8 mm. longa quam lobis filamenti ca. 3 mm. longis piloso ca, 3.6 mm. longo, ovario glabro; capsula late persistentibus exceptis) ad 5 mm. longa. -ommon on the coarse volcanic tuff near the mouth of the Antonio de los Alamos, September 2-3, 1940, Johnston -YPE, Gray Herb.). 1 species most closely related to F. linearis of the Sierra nterey. It is a stiffer, more densely branched bush with airy leaves, broader sepals, and much shorter, stouter s seen only in the Sierra San Antonio, in the vicinity of os Alamos, where it was confined to coarse volcanic tuff. the canyon wall and on sunny flats, particularly favor- beds of tufa. In habit it formed a stiff upright bush stiff numerous branchlets intricately entangled above. n. nov. Leguminosarum. ulatus, lobis elongatis tubo longioribus, duobus superiori- Petala longe unguiculata, vexillo suborbiculato dorso us lineam medialem pilos minutos gerente alibi glabro, gis glabris late evidenterque auriculatis, petalis carinae denter lateque auriculatis margine tertia parte exteriore atis. Stamen vexillare omnino liber basim versus amina cetera in vaginam (margine basim versus pube- ta. Antherae homomorphae. Ovarium subsessile 4—6- s inflexus subteres subcorneus subulatus supra medium apice stigmate capitato minuto terminali donatus. compressum rectum bivalvatum uniloculare, valvis crassiusculis. Semina suborbiculata compressa estro- 2x erectus parvus ramosissimus rigidus strigosus. Folia is integerrimis elongatis firmis enervatis exstipellatis. ilae subulatae minutae. Flores flavi in axillis foliorum unifoliolatorum solitarii vel raro geminati. nosum, sp. nov. a 2.5—5 dm. alta rigida globosa dense intricateque ra- tis numerosis abundanter ascendenter ramosis basim assis inconspicue sed distincte 8—15-costatis, juventate zosis deinde glabrescentibus et viridibus; foliis alternis jliolatis dense strigosis, petiolis 1-4 mm. longis; foliolis 3 mm. longis firmis medio-costatis sed enervatis apice 114 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxII acutis, duobus lateralibus subsessilibus, foliolo mediali breviter petiolu- lato et majori; stipulis subulatis 1-1.5 mm. longis subpersistentibus; inflorescentia racemiformi dissitiflora bracteata; floribus in parte su- periore ramulorum gestis ex axillis foliorum (saepe unifoliolatorum quam floribus saepe longiorum) orientibus, 5-25 mm. distantibus unoquoque breviter et inconspicue pedunculato; pedunculo ad 1 mm. longo summum ad apicem florem solitarium et bracteas duas subulatas 1.5—2 mm. longas strictas gerente; calyce basi plus minusve obliquo in pedicellum 2-3 mm. longum abrupte transmutato, tubo 2.5—3 mm. longo sparse strigoso, lobis duobus inferioribus fere ad apicem connatis cuneatis ad 3 mm. longis, lobis lateralibus et supremo subulatis 3 mm. longis; alis flavis, ungue curvato 4 mm. longo ad 0.8 mm. lato, lamina 6 mm. longa medium versus 2.5 mm. lata carinam 1-2 mm. superante; carina alba, unguibus 3.8 mm. longis, laminis 4.5 mm. longis et 2.8 mm. latis; vexillo flavo medium versus viridi-maculato, lamina ca. 8 mm. lata, ungue ca. 3 mm. longo; staminibus 5-6 mm. longis; ovario secus marginem superiorem strigoso ; legumine (submature) strigoso recto 2—2.5 cm. longo ca. 4 mm. lato. CoanuIta: frequent along the summit of the cliffs of volcanic tuff at San Antonio de los Alamos, September 2-3, 1940, Johnston & Muller 944 (TypE, Gray Herb.). This small bush, though in gross habit much suggesting the Papz- lionatae-Genisteae of the Old World, is, doubtless, a member of the Galegeae and, particularly, of the Galegeae-Craccanae as defined by Rydberg, Am. Jour. Bot. 10:488 (1923) and No. Am. Fl. 24: 156 (1923). It appears to have its closest relations in Tephrosia and Peteria, fram which it differs in its dense bushy habit of growth, coarsely auriculate petals, trifoliolate leaves and bearded subulate (rather than flattened) style. From Tephrosia, in particular, it further differs in its veinless leaflets and completely free vexillar stamen. From Peteria, in particular, it further differs in the absence of spinescent stipules, and in the less well developed inflorescence, and better developed calyx-lobes. The plant was seen only about the summit of the high cliffs of coarse volcanic tuff which dominate San Antonio de los Alamos. At this locality it was observed at several stations and was always scattered on level areas just back of the summit of the tuff-cliffs in arid exposed situations. Nama Stewartii, sp. nov. Herba succulenta foliosa erecta 1—2 dm. alta viscida e radice 2—4 mm. crassa palari annua oriens glandulifera (glandulis minutis stipitatis) ; caulibus solitariis vel pluribus saepe e basi sursum ramos elongatos 1941] JOHNSTON, NEW PHANEROGAMS FROM MEXICO, IV 115 stricte ascendentes proferentibus hispidulis et glanduliferis; foliis suc- culentis alternis oblanceolatis apice angulatis obtusiusculis, supra medium latioribus deinde basim versus gradatim attenuatis, margine saepe revo- lutis, supra hispidulis subtus pilis sparsis obsitis vel subglabris; cymis numerosis apicem versus ramulorum gestis folia suffulcientia haud vel vix superantibus; pedicellis 1-4 (saepe ad 2) mm. longis; calyce sub anthesi 5—6 mm. longis, deinde 1-2 mm. longioribus, lobis erectis cilio- latis spathulato-linearibus apice ca. 0.5 mm. latis, fructiferis quam cap- sula subduplo longioribus; corolla infundibuliformi-campanulata 7—9 mm. longa rosacea, lobis 2.5—-3 mm. latis rotundis; staminibus inaequalibus fere ad vel paullo supra medium cum corolla coalatis, parte libera 2—3.5 mm. longa subcompressa, parte adnata 2.5—3 mm. longa praesertim supra medium anguste alata; stylis distinctis hispidulis; capsula 3-4 mm. longa glandulifera compresse ovoideo-ellipsoidea; seminibus ca. 50 brun- nea angulate subglobosis ca. 0.4 mm. longis minute alveolatis. CoanuILa: Picachos Colorados, slope at west end of cliffs, 1940, Johnston & Muller 139 (G); between Carrizo and Carricito on gypseous ridge, 1940, Johnston & Muller 159 (G); Castillon, confined to gypsum flats, 1940, Johnston & Muller 1271 (G); foothills of Sierra de las Cruces west of Santa Elena Mines, confined to gypsum-flats, 1940, Johnston & Muller 228 (G); Sierra de las Cruces, gypsum flats and cliffs at south base of Picacho de San Jose, August 29, 1940, Johnston é& Muller 814 (typE, Gray Herb.) This species is probably most closely related to N. Havardtu of the Big Bend area in southern Brewster County, Texas, but is a lower, less robust, more branched and more juicy plant which is more glandular and has a much scantier indument. The herbarium specimens are green, rather than gray. The fresh plants are dense with numerous stems and thick fleshy leaves. They are light green and somewhat slimy. The corolla-lobes are an intense pink or rose color on the inner face and much paler on the outer surface. The corolla is smaller (7—9 rather than 9-12 mm.) than in V. Havardii, and the filaments are adnate only to about their middle, rather than distinctly above their middle as in V. Havardit. The species is gypsophilous and was found only on gypseous soils or on pure gypsum. In the eastern foothills of the Sierra de las Cruces, about Santa Elena Mines, it was present on nearly all the scattered exposures of gypsum, even on small isolated exposures of only a few square meters in extent. It is a pleasure to associate the name of Mr. Robert M. Stewart with this interesting gypsophile. Mr. Stewart, drawing on his knowledge of the geological structure of the region, accompanied and guided me to 116 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VoL. XXII various exposures of gypsum in the area about Santa Elena Mines. It is appropriate that this, the most characteristic gypsophile of the Sierra de las Cruces, be associated with his name. Petrogenia, gen. nov. Convolv:.-2cearum. Flores solitarii parvi in axillis foliorum superiorum brevissime pedi- cellati nullo modo aggregati pentameri. Sepala 5 inaequalia imbricata calycem et corollam superantia, bracteolis parvis. Corolla minima campanulata flava, lobis brevibus induplicatis sub anthesi ascendentibus. Stamina glabra, filamentis linearibus, antheris fundum sinuum loborum corollae vix superantibus. Ovarium perfecte biloculare 4-ovulatum. Stylus fere ad basim bifidus, stigmatibus duobus capitatis. Capsula globosa bilocularis saepe 4-seminata 2—4-valva membranacea apicem versus villosa. Semina glabra. — Herba prostrata fruticulosa sericea pilis dibrachiatis adpressis abundanter strigoso-vestita. Folia parva numerosa. Petrogenia repens, sp. nov. Planta perennis sericea; caulibus prostratis rigidulis laxe ramosis e radice palari profundo erumpentibus non rariter in nodis radiculas gerentibus foliosis elongatis 1-5 dm. longis saepe ca. 1 mm. crassis, internodiis saepe 5-10 mm. longis; foliis numerosis alternis, lamina firma elliptica vel lanceo-elliptica 3-9 mm. lata 7-14 mm. longa con- colore apice acuta vel rotunda basi in petiolum 1—2 mm. longum grada- tim vel abrupte contracta; floribus in axillis solitariis, pedicellis 0.5—0.8 mm. longis; lobis calycis inaequalibus; lobis exterioribus ad anthesim 3.5-4 mm. longis ovato-lanceolatis infra medium 1.5 mm. latis apice acutis, fructiferis ca. 6 mm. longis et 3 mm. latis ovatis acuminatis; lobis interioribus 2.5—3 mm. longis lanceolatis acuminatis basim versus ad 1 mm. latis, maturitate ad 5 mm. longis 1 mm. latis lanceolatis; bracteolis 2—2.5 mm. longis ca. 0.5 mm. latis, maturitate ad 3 mm. longis incon- spicuis lobis calycis conspicue brevioribus; corolla viridi-lutea in- conspicua quam calyce breviore 3—3.5 mm. longa, a basi ca. 1 mm. diametro sursum ad limbum 4 mm. diametro valde sed gradatim ampliata; lobis corollae 5 ascendentibus 1-1.2 mm. longis et latis apice late obtuso-rotundis extus infra medium sparse villosis alibi glabris, sinibus apertis angulatis; staminibus 5 ad 1 mm. supra basim corollae affixis, filamentis glabris linearibus 1 mm. longis basim sinuum corollae attingentibus, antheris in ambitu subcircularibus ca. 0.4 mm. diametro basim sinuum corollae vix superantibus; ovario 4-ovulato sub anthesi ca. 1 mm. longo subcylindraceo infra medium glabro apice stylos duos imam ad basim connatos ca. 1.9 mm, longos filiformes gerente; capsula bilocu- 1941] JOHNS’ lari (utroque lo membranacea su ab eo laxe velata; convexis ventre ¢ CoAHUILA: f about rocks on gt (G); Sierra de Johnston & Mu Llano de Guaje, south end of Sier 731 (TYPE, Gray limestone ledges, limestone ledges, west of Saltillo, CHIHUAHUA: This interestin Dicranostyleae as material collected but that is obvio capsule, inconspic lobes which inves barely exserted fr rather than, as in key, p. 563, Petre which differs in its or to the rather bh plant, however, d corollas, the caly exserted stamens pected on almost Si 1940, Johnston & 1885, Pringle 591 Purpus 4915 (G). TON, NEW PHANEROGAMS FROM MEXICO, IV 117 culo saepe biseminato) globosa ad 3.5 mm. diametro pra medium sparse villosa quam calyce breviore et seminibus saepe 4 glaberrimis ca. 2 mm. longis dorso ingulatis. oothills of Sierra Hechiceros, 9 mi. south of El Tule, avelly ridge of rhyolite, 1940, Johnston & Muller 1374 la Cruces near Santa Elena, limestone ledges, 1940, ller 211 (G); Lomas del Aparejo, eastern margin of limestone ledges, 1940, Johnston & Muller 776 (G); ra del Pino, limestone ledges, 1940, Johnston & Muller Herb.) ; Sierra Planchada, 6 mi. northeast of Esmeralda, 1940, Johnston & Muller 835 (G); Sierra Almagre, 1940, Johnston & Muller 1162 (G); hillside 8 mi. about limestone rocks, 1938, Johnston 7661 (G). erra San Carlos, road to mine, base of limestone cliffs, Muller 53 (G); Santa Eulalia Mts., limestone ledges, (G). San Luis Potosi: Minas de San Rafael, 1910, x little plant evidently belongs to the Convolvulaceae- defined by Hallier, Bot. Jahrb. 16: 569 (1893). The by Pringle and Purpus has been determined as Cressa, usly incorrect, since the plant has a 4-seeded globose ) Petrogenia is close In western Coa uous greenish campanulate corollas, a calyx of unequal ts both flowers and fruit, and stamens which are only om the corolla. Finally, it is a rock-loving xerophyte, Cressa, an inhabitant of moist saline soils. By Hallier’s »genia traces out either to the African genus Seddera, small calyx, toothed filaments and very different style, eteromorphic genus, Bonamia. Our present Mexican ffers from Bonamia in its small inconspicuous yellow x which over-tops both corolla and fruit, the nearly and its very different habit. I do not think that aly related to Bonamia. uila Petrogenia is widely distributed and can be ex- any sunny hillside with ledges or cliffs of limestone. Its wiry creeping stems and silvery leaves commonly fill crevices on limestone ledges limestone cliffs. Hechiceros, have or form carpets about large rocks on slopes below Only at one locality, near the south base of the Sierra I seen this plant growing away from limestone rocks. At this locality it grew about large rocks on a sunny ridge formed of decomposed rhyolite. It seems probable that the igneous rock at this 118 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx locality was unusually basic since several other species, otherwise known only from limestones, grew with the Petrogenia there. Salviastrum canescens (Gray), comb. nov. Salvia texana var. canescens Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 368 (1872). Salviastrum texanum var. canescens (Gray) Cory, Rhodora 38: 407 (1936). Corolla pink, marked with two elongate yellow spots at the base of the lower lip, subtubular, 2 cm. long, villous-hispidulous outside, glabrous inside except for a few scattered hairs above the base; limb very oblique; tube 1.7-2 mm. thick at base, gradually expanding and becoming ca. 3.2 mm. thick at summit; lower (and most protruding) lip of corolla 5 mm. broad, 3.5 mm. long, broadly notched, abruptly narrowed at base into a claw 1.5 mm. broad and ca. 0.6 mm. long; lateral lobes rounded, 1.5-2 mm. long; upper lip about 1.5 mm. long, notched; stamens attached 15 mm. above base of corolla, rudimentary pair of stamens about 0.5 mm. long; fertile filaments compressed 1.5 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide; larger anther-sac ca. 1.2 mm. long borne on a thick curved con- nective ca. 0.5 mm. long; smaller anther-sac about 0.9 mm. long, sub- sessile; style 15 mm. long, not exserted; stylar lobes 3-3.5 mm. long, flattened, lanceolate 0.5 mm. wide. Coanuita: dry chalky soil in a small open exposed arroyo near the high eastern ridge, Sierra del Pino northeast of Noria, 1940, Johnston & Muller 646 (G). The above cited collection agrees very closely with the original material of Gray’s Salvia texana var. canescens. This variety has remained known only from fruiting plants collected near the Pecos River, Texas, by Charles Wright in 1849. A description of the corolla, from the new collection, is supplied above. This reveals that the variety, canescens, is not at all closely related to S. texanum. It is a plant with tubular corollas and evidently has its closest relations with S. dolichanthum Cory, from which it differs in its much smaller flowers, more slender fruticulose habit and different inflorescence. The flowers of S. canescens are lateral, being borne along the lower part of leafy shoots. The leaves surpass the subtended flowers. In S. dolichanthum the flowers are borne in a terminal inflorescence composed of numerous whorls of flowers and short bracts. The persisting stems of S. canescens are fruticulose and apparently represent several years growth. Those of S. dolichanthum are annual growth springing from a strong perennial root. The plant was seen only twice in Coahuila, once near the crest of the high eastern ridge of the Sierra del Pino and again at the mouth of the canyon at 1941] JOHNSTON, NEW PHANEROGAMS FROM MEXICO, IV 119 the southern end of the same range. At both localities it grew in patches of chalky calcareous soil on dry sunny slopes. At both ‘stations it was locally common. Leucophyllum pruinosum, sp. nov. Frutex 10-25 dm. altus, partibus junioribus griseis pruinosis molliter tomentosis pilis ad 0.5 mm. longis ramos graciles elongatos ca. 0.2 mm. longos superimpositos gerentibus; partibus vetustioribus plantae ali- quantum glabrescentibus griseoribus; ramulis elongatis saepe 1-2 dm. longis ascendentibus; foliis alternis saepe 4-10 mm. distantibus, lamina ovata vel late elliptica vel suborbiculari costata sed enervata 8-16 mm. longa 5-12 mm. lata, apice rotundata vel obtusa, basi in petiolum 2—4 mm. longum saepe abrupte contracta, subtus saepe plus minusve pallidiore; calyce in alabastro candido (lobis late lanceolatis erectis) ad anthesi ca. 4 mm. longo 2-3 mm. longe pedicellato; corolla purpurea 9-14 mm. longa extus sparse glandulifera eam L. ambigui persimulante. San Luts Potost: rocky hillside 11 miles south of Matehuala, pale bush 12-24 dm. tall with purple flowers, 1938, Johnston 7569 (TYPE, Gray Herb.). Nuevo Leon: arid limestone slopes east of Soledad, 5500 ft., 1940, Shreve & Tinkham 9695 (G); low shrub, loma near Doctor Arroyo, 6200 ft., 1940, Shreve & Tinkham 9682a (G). This plant of southern Nuevo Leon and adjacent San Luis Potosi is a relative of L. ambiguum, of Hidalgo, from which it differs conspicuously in its indument. Typical L. ambiguum has a dense felt-like indument and is usually tawny. In L. pruinosum the herbage is covered with much less abundant coarser grayish or white trichomes and is loosely tomentose. The plant has a frosted appearance. Though related to L. ambiguum, the plant may be separated at a glance from its more southern relative. Leucophyllum griseum, sp. nov. Frutex 8-18 dm. altus rigide ascendenter ramosus, partibus juvenili- bus pilos compositos minutos abundantissimos griseos gerentibus evi- denter griseo-vestitis, maturis paullo glabrescentibus; ramulis 5—15 cm. longis numerosis ascendentibus, internodiis saepe 1-10 mm. longis; foliis alternis oblanceolatis vel rariter subobovatis 5-15 mm. longis saepe 2-5 (rariter ad 7) mm. latis costatis sed enervatis, apice rotundis vel obtusis, basi in petiolum 1-2 mm. longum gradatim contractis; calyce ad anthesim ca. 3 mm. longis basi in pedicellum saepe gracilem 1—2 mm. longum contractis, lobis lanceolatis ascendentibus; corolla purpurea 10-18 mm. longa, limbo 9-15 mm. diametro extus glabrato vel pilifero, lobis ovatis ascendentibus in facie interiore saepe piliferis. 120 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxX CoAHUILA: crest of an isolated hill one mile north of San Rafael (31 mi. south of Castillon), two plants, 9 dm. tall, 1940, John- ston & Muller 198 (G); mouth of Canon de Tinaja Blanca, Sierra de las Cruces, 1940, Johnston & Muller 256 (G); foothills of the Sierra Planchada, 6 mi. north of Esmeralda, shrub 6-9 dm. tall, 1940, Johnston & Muller 341 (type, Gray Herb.); Parras, 1880, Palmer 969 (G); Sierra de Parras, 1910, Purpus 4639 (G); Sierra de Parras, 5500- 6000 ft., 1940, Shreve & Tinkham 9856 (G); rocky base of hills 3 mi. north of Pena Pass, bush 9-18 dm. tall, 1938, Johnston 7721 (G). ZACATECAS: 21 miles south of Concepcion del Oro, 6-15 dm. tall, 1938, Johnston 7353 (G); Cedros, Lloyd 106 (G) and ? 58 (G). This species is related to L. minus of western Texas, northern Chi- huahua and extreme northwestern Coahuila, and probably includes most of the Mexican material which has been identified as that species. In floral structures, size and shape of leaves, and habit of growth, the plants are very similar. The two species differ, however, in the nature of their induments. In LZ. minus the indument is very dense and close and almost suggests a coating of aluminum paint. The very numerous small white trichomes are flat and stellate. The primary axis of the trichomes is extremely shortened and its tip appears as a small dot or knob at the center of the radially arranged arms. In L. griseum the indument is much less dense and more loose and at best appears as a dull thin grayish felt. The small grayish trichomes have a short but distinctly elongate axis along which the more or less unequal arms are borne at different heights. The tip of the axis projects well beyond the upper arms. The trichome is, hence, clearly three dimensional, rather than flat as in L. minus. During the past summer I visited the southern parts of the range of ZL. minus and the northern parts of the range of L. griseum. I found absolutely no evidence that these species intergraded. The species are readily distinguished in the field and herbarium. Leucophyllum candidum, sp. nov. Frutex globosus saepe 3-6 (rariter ad 12) dm. altus ramosissimus, ramulis saepe 5-15 cm. longis, internodiis saepe minus quam 1 cm. longis, partibus junioribus indumentum candidum densum tomentosum gerentibus; pilis abundantissimis elongatis verticellos plures super- impositos ramulorum longiusculorum gerentibus; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis numerosis concoloribus medio-costatis sed enervatis, lamina 6-10 (rariter ad 16) mm. longa 4—8 mm. lata late obovata vel raro oblanceo-obovata apice obtuse angulata basi in petiolum 1-3 mm. longum saepe abrupte contracta; calyce 3-4 mm. longo lobis 1-1.5 mm. latis acutis cum pilis elongatis ramosis abundantibus crasse vestitis; corolla 1941] JOHNSTON, NEW PHANEROGAMS FROM MEXICO, IV 121 purpurea 12-17 mm. longa intus sparse pilifera, limbo 10-13 mm. diametro, lobis 4-5 mm. longis suborbiculatis tubo basi imo 2.5 mm. crasso; filamentis ca. 4 et 4.5 mm. longis sparse piliferis; ovario sub- glabro vel tomentoso; stylo glabro vel sparse pilifero. CoaHuILA: El Berrendo near Muzquiz, 4000 ft. alt., fl. purple, 1939, White 1799 (G); limestone ledges near mouth of southern canyon, Sierra del Pino, pallid bush 1-2 ft. tall, not common, 1940, Johnston & Muller 730 (G); crest of cliffs of volcanic tuff near San Antonio de los Alamos, frequent, globose bush 1-1.5 ft. tall, 1940, Johnston & Muller 936 (G); between Carrizo and Carricito, on small ridge, local, bush 3—4 ft. tall, 1940, Johnston & Muller 160 (typE, Gray Herb.) ; small isolated hill one mile north of San Rafael (31 mi. south of Castillon) abundant pallid shrub 1-2 ft. tall, 1940, Johnston & Muller 199 (G). This plant of northern Coahuila is closely related to L. zygophyllum of the dry valleys of southern Nuevo Leon. These two geographically well separated species differ in the size and form of the complex trichomes covering the herbage and accordingly in the nature and appearance of the indument. The trichomes of the northern L. candidum are rela- tively coarse, those on the leaves being about 0.2 mm. in diameter and those on the calyx being about 0.2 mm. long. The trichomes of L. zygophyllum are, at most, a quarter that size and are less rigid in texture. Even under 40—50 magnification the indument on the leaves of L. zygophyllum appears to be very dense and thin. The indument is so dense and thin that the older leaves, to the naked eye, appear to have a smooth grayish cuticle or a waxed surface rather than a coating of very abundant fine stellate trichomes. The thicker, whiter, felty indu- ment of L. candidum is much less smooth and the coarser trichomes make it appear somewhat pulverulent or pruinose. The very much greater coarseness of the trichomes in L. candidum make its calyx-lobes and pedicels appear to be very coarse and thick. The plant is a very attractive one and is probably widely distributed in the foothills of northern Coahuila. In addition to the stations where I collected it, I noted it in the foothills of the Sierra de las Cruces near Santa Elena Mines, at the base of the Sierra Almagre, and in the northern foothills of the Sierra Planchada north of Esmeralda. It was usually frequent locally and commonly growing with either L. laevigatum or L. griseum. Even when not in flower the plant is conspicuous for no other shrub in the region has an indument so white. Haploesthes robusta, sp. nov. Planta robusta succulenta glabra; caulibus 2-3 mm. crassis pluribus decumbentibus vel ascendentibus 15-20 cm. longis sparse ascendenter 122 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII ramosis foliosis e radice supra breviter crasseque ramosa erumpentibus; foliis glaberrimis 1-3 cm. distantibus 4—6 cm. longis, 1.5—2.5 mm, crassis linearibus basim versus compressis et 1.5—2.5 mm. longe vaginatis; capitulis 5—7 caules et ramulos terminantibus ca. 8 mm. altis, involucro cylindrico-turbinato ca. 6.6 mm. longo et 4.5 mm. crasso; tegulis viridi- bus ad 6 mm. longis 3.5 mm. latis ellipticis apice rotundis; floribus ligulatis ca. 5, tubo 4 mm. longo et 0.5 mm. crasso, lamina 3.5—4 mm. longa et 2.5 mm. lata apice minute bidentata; floribus disci 30—40 ca. 5 mm. longis, faucibus ca. 1.5 mm. longis ad 1 mm. crassis, lobis papillatis triangularibus ad 0.5 mm. longis erectis; achaeneis ad 2 mm. longis nigris ca. 15-costatis, costis angustis elevatis pilos ascendentes gerentibus. CoAHuILA: 3 miles south of Cuatro Cienegas, succulent plant on salt land, 2400 ft. alt., July 18-20, 1939, Stephen S. White 1923 (TyPE, Gray Herb.). In its habit of growth, coarse stems, very coarse large succulent leaves, and large heads, this species is readily distinguished from H. Greggii, the only other species described for the genus. It is a robust plant with coarse widely spreading pale annual stems springing from a very coarse perennial root. The florets are more numerous than in its relative, and with the exception of the blade of its ligules, they are larger than in its relative. The type of H. Greggii was collected by Gregg at ‘‘Cienega Grande,” Coahuila, a locality now called Cienega del Carmen. This is located in the hilly country 30 kilometers northeast of Parras, along the old road to Saltillo. Haploesthes Greggii is a plant of gypsum. The newly pro- posed species comes from saline soils at lower altitudes. Perityle Castillonii, sp. nov. Planta perennis ad faciem scopulorum adpressa 1—5 dm. diametro minus quam 1 dm. alta; caulibus pluribus fruticulosis e caudice lignoso saepe crasso erumpentibus; ramulis hornis foliosis 4-20 cm. longis gracilibus ad 1 mm. crassis sparse laxeque ramosis subcinereis minute villosulis, internodiis 3-30 mm. longis quam lamina foliorum longioribus; foliis oppositis; lamina deltoideo-ovata 5—25 mm. longa 4-25 mm. lata glandulis sessilibus aureis obsita sparse villosa, margine utrinque denti- bus crassis 3—4 acutiusculis, basi truncata vel reniformi; petiolo quam lamina saepe breviore 3-15 mm. longo breviter villosulo; capitulis ramu- los foliatos terminantibus discoideis 5—6.5 mm. altis 5-15 mm. longe pedunculatis; tegulis ca. 10 sub-biseriatis 3-5 mm, longis 0.4—-1 mm. latis praesertim infra medium naviculatis unicarinatis apicem acutum 1941] JOHNSTON, NEW PHANEROGAMS FROM MEXICO, IV 123 vel obtusum versus villoso-ciliatis alibi saepe sparse villosis; floribus 25-30 flavis; corolla 3—3.5 mm. longi, tubo ca. 1 mm. longo ad 0.5 mm. crasso glandulis stipitatis dense obsito, faucibus ca. 1.5 mm. longis ad 1 mm. crassis purpurascentibus sparse glanduliferis; lobis triangularibus ad 0.6 mm. longis; lobis styli ad 1.5 mm. longis subulatis supra medium barbellatis; filamentis ca. 0.9 mm. longis; antheris ca. 1.2 mm. longis appendiculas 0.3—-0.5 mm. longas proferentibus; achaeniis ad 2.9 mm. longis nigrescentibus ca. 0.7 mm. latis, margine incrassatis haud vel vix ciliolatis, latere convexis minute et saepe adpresse hispidulis, apice haud coronatis epapposis vel rariter setam solitariam 0.5—2.5 mm. longam proferentibus. CoanurLta: Canyon del Indio Felipe, Sierra Hechiceros, frequent in crevices of cliffs in deep canyon, Sept. 18, 1940, Johnston & Muller 1359 (typr, Gray Herb.) ; Canyon del Indio Felipe, common in crevices of cliffs, Sept. 27, 1940, R. M. Stewart 10 (G). CHIHUAHUA: dry sunny cliffs near ‘“Virulento,’ 16 miles south of Trincheras, 1940, Johnston & Muller 1430 (G). The precise relationship of this species is uncertain. In Rydberg’s treatment, No. Am. Fl. 34: 11-27 (1914), of the Perityle-Laphamia complex, it might fall in either Monothrix or Leptopharynx, keying out to Monothrix Palmeri, of northwestern Arizona, or to Leptopharynx Lemmoni, of southern Arizona. Of these two species, the latter most suggests P. Castillonii, but differs in its broader tegules, larger corollas, and different indument. The present species is one of the small depressed suffrutescent cliff- plants which Gray and Watson placed in Laphamia. The differences in habit of growth and in the breadth and keeling of tegules, which have been used to separate Perityle and Laphamia, so completely intergrade, that I am unable to find any real difference between the two genera. Rydberg attempted to sort the species of Perityle and Laphamia among six genera. Unfortunately, these segregate genera also intergrade and what is more serious seem to be flagrantly unnatural. I am forced to the conclusion that Laphamia and Perityle should be united and, accord- ingly, I am describing the present “Laphamia” as a species of Perityle. The species appears to be restricted to the elevated igneous country of extreme northeastern Chihuahua and adjacent Coahuila. This highland is about 25 km. wide and nearly 100 km. long with a long axis roughly paralleling the Rio Grande which lies about 50 km. to the north. Its eastern end, the rhyolitic Sierra Hechiceros, extends into Coahuila north of Castillon. Its western end, the bedded lavas of the Sierra Coyote, extends to Trincheras, south of Ojinaga. The species was found at both 124 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xxl ends of this highland, at “Virulento,” 26 km. south of Trincheras, where it was abundant, rooting in crevices of sunny basalt cliffs, and in and near the Canyon del Indio Felipe, in the Sierra Hechiceros, 35 km. north of Castillon. In the Sierra Hechiceros it was frequent on shaded cliffs in the Canyon del Indio Felipe, just within Coahuila and in the branch of that canyon leading to Rancho Encampanada, within Chihuahua. The plant is evidently a long-lived perennial. Rooted in crevices it forms a coarse dense woody caudex that may become a gnarled woody mass as big as a man’s fist. The slender leafy branches are flattened against the face of the cliff. The material from the shaded cliffs of the Sierra Hechiceros have leaf-blades 10-25 mm. long, whereas those from the exposed cliffs at “Virulento,” though of similar outline, are only 5-9 mm. long. The differences are evidently ecological. This interesting plant is named in honor of Sr. Tirso Castillon, of Castillon, to whom I am indebted for a memorable trip, with him and Mr. Robert Stewart, into the Sierra Hechiceros. During this trip, near the northernmost point in the properties of the Hacienda de Castillon, at the head of the gorge of the Canyon del Indio Felipe, I obtained my first collections of the species. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HaArvARD UNIVERSITY. 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE _ 125 THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE I. ANATOMY OF THE NODE AND INTERNODE I. W. BatLtey aANp R. A, Howarp With four plates INTRODUCTION EXTENSIVE INVESTIGATIONS of a wide range of representative dicot- yledons have demonstrated statistically that the structural specializa- tions of the cambium and its derivatives tend in general to progress along a number of clearly defined lines. Not only are these salient phylogenetic modifications of the cambium and of the secondary xylem more or less closely correlated, but also at times they synchronize with morphological specializations of the foliar and floral organs. That they are significant in discussing the relationships and classification of families within certain orders of the dicotyledons has been shown by Vestal (9), Tippo (8) and Taylor (7). Extensive exploratory investigations have now progressed to a stage where it becomes desirable to initiate intensive studies of specific families. This is essential in obtaining more detailed information regarding the relative rates of morphological specializations in different organs and tissues, in determining which trends of specialization are irreversible, and in securing clues regarding the actual significance of anatomical criteria in discussions concerning specific, generic and tribal relationships. GENERAL PLAN OF PROCEDURE In the case of most families of the dicotyledons, two types of material only are available at present for morphological and anatomical investi- gations, viz. ( 1) herbarium specimens and (2) the collections of woods assembled at Yale, Oxford and Harvard Universities and at other insti- tutions. It is evident, accordingly, that in initiating an intensive study of a particular family, it is necessary to focus one’s attention. largely upon the secondary xylem and upon such tissues and organs as are adequately preserved in ordinary herbarium specimens, i.e. slender stems, leaves and flowers. Our investigations of the Icacinaceae will deal successively with the gross anatomy of the node and internode, the histology of the tracheary 126 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII elements, parenchyma and rays of the cauline secondary xylem, and subsequently with the comparative morphology of the leaves, pollen and flowers. The Icacinaceae were selected for study because they exhibit a wide range of structural specializations and constitute a family that needs critical revision from the taxonomic point of view. Furthermore, the Icacinaceae were differentiated into sub-families and tribes by Engler (1) partly upon the basis of anatomical criteria. Therefore, there is a historical taxonomic precedent for dealing with this family from an anatomical aspect. The bulk of the putative icacinaceous genera — approximately 60 — has been included in the Icacinoideae. Three genera only are referred to the sub-families Lophopyxidoideae and Cardiopterygoideae. In view of the fact that Lophopyxis, Cardiopteryx and Pteleocarpa are of ques- tionable icacinaceous affinities, we shall defer consideration of these genera until later and confine our attention for the present to the Icacinoideae. Our discussions of the vascular structures of this sub-family are based upon the study of 50 genera and of more than 150 species. As will be demonstrated subsequently, such a representation of genera and species is adequate for blocking out the salient lines of structural specializations in the Icacinoideae. Ten genera are not represented in American herbaria. Nor is it possible at present to obtain material of these rarer plants from European collections. Therefore, an analysis of the structure and relationships of these genera must be deferred until suitable material becomes available. TRIBES OF THE ICACINOIDEAE According to Engler (1 and 2), there are four tribes of the Icacinoideae which exhibit the following structural and anatomical differences: — . IcActNEAE, trees or shrubs, seldom climbers. Vessels with scalari- form perforations. Interxylary phloem absent. bo . IopEAr, climbing shrubs, sometimes with tendrils. Vessels with simple perforations. Xylem more prominently developed between the orthostiches of the stem. ies) . SARCOSTIGMATEAE, climbing shrubs. Vessel elements short with simple perforations. Xylem uniformly developed around the stem. Interxylary phloem present. BSS . PHYTOCRENEAE, climbing or twining shrubs. Vessel elements short with simple perforations. Xylem prominently developed between the orthostiches. Strands of mixed leptome and hadrome in the orthostiches, rarely continuous around the stem. 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE — 127 This classification of the Icacinoideae attempts to differentiate the anatomically more normal Icacineae from three distinct tribes of climb- ing plants which exhibit different anomalous modifications of the secondary body. In the case of the Phytocreneae, the so-called strands of mixed leptome and hadrome (“tracheids’”) actually are secondary phloem which projects into the secondary xylem of young stems of Phytocrene, Pyrenacantha, Miquelia, Polycephalium and Chlamydo- carya, Figs. 1 and 2. These inwardly projecting strands of phloem in the orthostiches fluctuate in number depending upon variations in phyllotaxy, Robinson (3). Compare Figs. 2 and 3. They are composed of sieve tubes, companion cells, parenchyma and thick-walled, angular, more or less regularly oriented phloem fibers, Fig. 4. In young stems of Trematosperma cordatum Urb., as Engler (1) has shown, the strands are more numerous than the orthostiches and do not project conspicu- ously into the xylem. During subsequent growth of the young stems of Chlamydocarya Soyauxii Engl. and C. Thomsoniana Baill., they may be occluded in xylem. Such strands of interxylary phloem differ, how- ever, from those of the Sarcostigmateae, Fig. 10, by being composed in part of thick-walled fibers, Fig. 4. Although the young stems of the Iodeae, Figs. 7-9, may be differ- entiated from those of the Sarcostigmateae and Phytocreneae by the absence of interxylary phloem and of inwardly projécting strands of hard bast, there is some question whether they can be separated in all cases from those of the Icacineae upon the basis of the anatomical criteria listed by Engler. In the first place, as will be demonstrated in the next paper of this series, a number of the Icacineae are characterized by having vessels with simple porous perforations. In the second place, not all of the Iodeae have as large vessels or as prominently projecting wedges of secondary xylem between the orthostiches of young stems as the species investigated by Robinson (4), Engler (1) and others might lead one to suppose. In the third place, certain representatives of the Icacineae exhibit more or less conspicuous anomalous modifications of the secondary body. As indicated in Fig. 13, the young stems of Mappianthus iodoides Hand.-Mazz. exhibit a normal cylindrical development of the secondary body. The vessels are of small size and are more or less uniformly distributed. This is in marked contrast to the conspicuously anomalous structure of such representatives of the Iodeae as Jodes tomentella Miq., Iodes ovalis Bl., Fig. 7, and lodes philippinensis Merr., Fig. 9. The young internodes of Hosiea sinense (Oliv.) Hemsl. & Wils., Figs. 5 and 6, likewise have a normal cylindrical secondary body. In Wilson’s material, 128 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL XXII the vessels are of small size and are aggregated in three sectors of the secondary xylem, Fig. 5; whereas in Yii’s specimens, Fig. 6, the vessels are relatively large and are more or less uniformly distributed through- out the secondary xylem. A priori, such conspicuous structural differ- ences might be interpreted as due to errors in the determination of the specimens. It is significant in this connection, however, that similar structural variations occur in different lateral branches of the same stem of Jodes liberica Stapf. Certain of the branches have small vessels as shown in Figs. 8 and 11; whereas others have very large ones as illus- trated in Fig. 12. Furthermore, the vessels may be uniformly distributed around the stem or may be aggregated in certain sectors of the cross section of the woody cylinder. In the case of the Icacineae, scandent species of such genera as Pleurisanthes, Leretia, Lavigeria, etc., frequently exhibit a_ tend- ency to form relatively large vessels which may be aggregated in more or less prominently developed parts of the secondary xylem, i.e., between the orthostiches of young stems. That conspicuously anomalous struc- tures are formed by successive cambia in the older stems of Lavigeria salutaris Pierre is indicated in Fig. 16. Such facts as these suggest that it may be difficult to differentiate the Iodeae from scandent representa- tives of the Icacineae upon the basis of Engler’s anatomical charac- terizations of the two tribes. NODAL ANATOMY There are three distinct types of nodal anatomy in the stems of dicotyledons. In the trilacunar type of node, the vascular supply of the leaf produces three separate gaps in the stele, in the uniacunar type, a single gap, and in the multilacunar type, more than three gaps. Sinnott (5) has shown that these categories of nodal anatomy are significant in any comprehensive discussion of the relationships and classification of the various families of the dicotyledons. In addition, Sinnott and Bailey (6) have presented evidence which suggests that the primitive nodal condition in dicotyledons is trilacunar. Extensive unpublished investi- gations of the nodal anatomy of both seedlings and adult plants support this earlier inference, and indicate that the unilacunar condition arises from the trilacunar by the suppression of its lateral traces and corre- sponding gaps. The multilacunar condition develops from the trilacunar by the addition of successive pairs of lateral traces and gaps. Although the finer details of the nodal structure of the Icacinaceae will be discussed later in connection with the leaf, it is advisable at this 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE — 129 point to emphasize the fact that the Icacinoideae may be divided into two distinct sections upon the basis of salient features of their nodal anatomy. One section of the sub-family is characterized by having trilacunar nodes, Fig. 14, and the other section by its unilacunar ones, Figs. 1 and 15, The multilacunar condition is not encountered in any of the Icacinoideae that we have studied. TRILACUNAR — ICACINOIDEAE ICACINEAE Anisomallon Dendrobangia Lasianthera Pittosporopsis Apodytes Discophora Leptaulus Platea Calatola Emmotum Medusanthera Poraqueiba Cantleya Gastrolepis Oecopetalum Stemonurus Cassinopsis Gonocaryum Ottoschulzia Urandra Citronella Grisollea Pennantia UNILACUNAR — ICACINOIDEAE ICACINEAE Alsodeiopsis Lavigeria Merrilliodendron Desmostachys Leretia Pleurisanthes Humirianthera Neoleretia Rhaphiostylis Icacina Mappia Rhyticaryum IoDEAE Hosiea Natsiatum Mappianthus Iodes Polyporandra SARCOSTIGMATEAE Sarcostigma PHYTOCRENEAE Chlamydocarya Polycephalium Miquelia Pyrenacantha Phytocrene It is evident from this tabulation of genera that there is one section of the Icacineae which resembles the Iodeae, Sarcostigmateae, and Phytocreneae in having unilacunar nodes. Furthermore, it is signifi- cant that a truly scandent habit of growth rarely, if ever, occurs among the trilacunar representatives of the Icacineae. On the contrary, several genera of the unilacunar Icacineae exhibit an evident tendency towards the acquisition of a scrambling, twining or climbing habit. This sug- gests that certain of the unilacunar Icacinaceae may be transitional in form and structure between the non-scandent, trilacunar Icacineae and 130 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. Xx the unilacunar Iodeae, Sarcostigmateae and Phytocreneae in which a twining or climbing habit of growth is dominant. Such a supposition is strengthened by a study of the vessels of the Icacinoideae which will be discussed in the second paper of this series. SUMMARY 1. The reasons for initiating an intensive study of the comparative morphology of the Icacinaceae are presented. 2. The general plan of procedure in this series of investigations is briefly outlined. 3. Engler’s anatomical characterizations of four tribes of the Icacinoideae are discussed and the question is raised whether the Iodeae can be differentiated in all cases from the Icacineae by the suggested anatomical criteria. 4. A study of the nodal anatomy of the Icacinoideae reveals the fact that there are two distinct categories of the Icacineae, (1) those charac- terized by trilacunar nodes and (2) those having unilacunar ones. 5. Certain of the unilacunar Icacineae appear to be somewhat tran- sitional in form and structure between the non-scandent, trilacunar Icacineae and the unilacunar Iodeae, Sarcostigmateae, and Phytocreneae in which a twining or climbing habit of growth is dominant. LITERATURE CITED 1. EncGier, A. Uber die Verwerthung anatomische erent bei ei systematischen Glide rung der Icacinaceae. (Sitz K. Pre Akad. Wiss. nage 1 bo ———— In En oe and Prand. K. (Die Naturlichen Pflanzen- familien. III. 5: ba" 257. 189 06.) 3. Rogprnson, B. L. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Stammanatomie von Phytocrene macrophylla. (Bl. Inaug.-Diss. Strassburg 4. ———— On the stem-structure of Jodes tomentella Miq. and certain other Phytocreneae. (Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 8: 95-121. 1890.) 5. Stnnott, E. W. Investigations on the phylogeny of the angiosperms. . The anatomy of the node as aid in the classification of angio- sperms. (Amer. Jour. Bot. 1: 302- 322. 1914.) 6. ——— & Battery, I. W. Investigations on the phylogeny of the angiosperms. 5. Foliar evidence as to the ancestry and early climatic environment of the angiosperms. (Amer. Jour. Bot. 2: l- 22. Taytor, F. H. Comparative anatomy of the secondary xylem in the Violaceae and Turneraceae. (Abstract) (Amer. Jour. Bot. 25: 20. 1938. ) N 8. Tirro, O. Comparative anatomy of the Moraceae and their presumed allies. (Bot. Gaz. 100: 1-99. 1938.) 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE © 131 9. VestaL, P. A. The significance of comparative anatomy in establish- ing the relationships of the Hypericaceae to the Guttiferae and their allies. (Philip. Jour. Sci. 64: 199-256. ) DESCRIPTION OF PLATES PLATE I Fic. 1. Chlamydocarya capitata Baill., Linder 1076. Transverse section of the node. The vascular tissues of the leaf at (m) produce a single gap in the stele. X 14. Fic. 2. Chlamydocarya capitata Baill., Linder sods Transverse section of the internode, showing five wedges of large vesselled secondary ees and five strands of hard bast, correlated with a 2/5 phyllotax 6 Fic. 3. Pyrenacantha anes Merr., Wenzel 2607. Transverse section of a stem having 1/3 phyllotaxy. The three arcs of large-vesselled xylem and the three strands of hard bast are separated from the internal aaa body by a nearly normal inder of secondary xylem. ea Fic. 4. Ba eaaearie capitata Baill., Linder 1076. Transverse section of a strand of secondary phloem, showing sieve tubes and thick-walled fibers. X 90. Fic. 5. Hosiea sinense (Oliv.) od & Wils., Wilson 960 Transverse section of a stem, showing four growth zones of small- vesselled secondary xylem. 16. Fic. 6. Hosiea sinense (Oliv.) Hemsl. & Wils., Yi 1932. Transverse section of a stem, showing four growth zones of large-vesselled Selecdiee xylem. x 16. PuaTE II Fic. 7. lodes ovalis Bl., U. 2775-J. Transverse section pe the stem, my showing ‘anomalous” develop- ment of large-vesselled secondary xylem. X 8. ; a liberica Stapf., Linder 1102. sverse section of a stem, showing somewhat asymmetrically es small-vesselled secondary xylem. X 25. . Lodes philippinensis Merr., Philip. Bur. Sct. No. 987. Transverse section of a stem, showing “ anomalous” development of large-vesselled one xylem. beer 3 oat al QO lo.) = = a Na) Prare Dil Fic. 1 os — : shaadi Horsfieldti R. Br... H.U.2771-J. verse section of the xylem, showing included strands of soft bast. Fic. 11. Jodes labore Stapf., Linder 1102 Transverse section of Fig. 8 more highly magnified. > 50. e numbers H. U. 2775-J and H. U. 2771-J refer to specimens in the wood collection at Harvard University. 132 hes JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. Xx Jodes liberica Stapf., Linder 1102. ansverse section of another part of the same stem, showing 50. pie large-vesselled secondary xylem. X Piate IV . Mappianthus todoides Hand.-Mazz., How 72874. Transverse section of a stem, showing normal development of the secondary xylem. 20. _ Citronella ee (Baill. ? ge bier Bonati Transverse section of a node show trilacunar conditio on. Median trace sad gap at (m). leat ie oa gaps at (1). Ze. . Lavigeria salutaris Pierre, Muilbraed 10536 Transverse section of the node and the base of the petiole, showing unilacunar condition at (m). 3 . Lavigeria salutaris Pierre, Muilbraed 10536. Transverse section of an older stem, showing “anomalous” struc- ture formed by successive cambia. X 16. 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Mace gh 6/000 0 ies em fe 4eane He fh sieti'g th le as) Sly 9,0, So 4 By) aw hes mh Sa iit Ha eae ¢ ek 8 Si ot ts > petal poe Petts ee ate iighes iy ie a vas eh ai uit OS any ds Seee ftir, _ sant Bet (Reoeinet See Aare Be aan, lee as Hah 1S eels ha ahs * en : Bt i } ak ait a Wee eee ‘a a: pO: -, I, #8 2¢ Ts Or Bess ale PSB + lee 1) aes \ Boys tlh carectere 0 seh Al Hee y Mee eet oi les As es oT ee Ve ae 26 Hare Ween hese ie | aie Weeasant ee wc teigees ai n Seite y ast He) AN Athi eee pies ile PRR aaa way ee +) Hp 4; "4 he sonia pees avs seeats eo ed HH fst Ne aa I \hgettatsme: eceP oe eee ay is oH si bail oe rece oF 25t, ty 4 MD pe es tee Ke te teseie eas Rag ese 3 ae sevpese tl (7 } rine ) pie) Smo i hee eto welts Tike N As ei! a teas PERERA Wy TOK ena fy ime ee Sar 4 0. LEN) tgareats vipat - Bp ie ash ee ae ue aialise. nee 5 "ae ae ap i ae sitaiaens fare oan Wee aad ieee Non ae Be Oke ie pate We een x we 3 BPA LAY KY / ¢ H thy, oS if FR) i tite a i vt lie a Loe ee Ni base 2 5 Oath ‘ Ve: RA Rees eee ets wie Bits Grit ce ceepaens:9, a 6 HOY ‘ol t, aaet 9 ‘ot fei" ta () i Ns a ae ae ( py 14034 < 8 oo a ga 1 i: ope a i B i is 1 : Phat Ha Bs se t PoE . ae / ‘9 vay YA. gion ARS ie eae He ne aN sa By cet OL, 95) ty ; ve a8 10 ISI i \ De went ite Ri a NEED a aan WON Reo u f oy PEROT aks <4 ro -— SI ee OF! 4 aN ¢ 8, 8 as; / 4 414 ef AR HEA At } aa’ AT ue alge Eereana NN A Wty “a A Gy a th Sa Te eo as, re i ae ee pe Tae ye Lye sedis = eee — et . v@ A ieaieesce th “s % SSN BY {PARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE ‘@) oO 2 FULL-TONE ‘ERIDEN PuiaTe IV Jour. ARNoLD Ars. VoL. XXII if oe . . ee ho cee *o950* oO? ae Lae HOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE Morp MPARATIVE Co MERIDEN FULL-TONE PLATE V Jour. Arnotp Ars. VoL. XXII MorPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE MPARATIVE v, Co MERIDEN FULL-TONE Jour. Arnotp Ars. Vou. XXII PLatr VI ogee? ‘a aye P 0° 0009 090% ,o,0000 080 a eate ig Po* 092 % H 0090 cay 0 004 “nd %0 fy %, 9 008 000 0 f) 0999 ” "89 £00, 0% 00 90 0 090, 90 0,4 0 09° w ~ * Pook toebiiee b 0 suet ; SB ; 8, 2°00 0 04088 FNM BP cena. (a) a o fap) O Tames] oD Roctcnd ROP gy apeo “as “O00 — 50. PriateE II Group II Fic. 4. Cantleya corniculata (Becc.) Howard, Y. U. 12586 Transverse section of the outer secondary xylem. > 50. Fic. 5. Cantleya corniculata (Becc.) Howard, Kew TST. Transverse section of the inner secondary xylem. > 50. Fic. 6. Stemonurus luzoniensis (Merr.) Howard, Y. U. 2310. Transverse section of the secondary xylem. x5 Fic. 7. Urandra secundiflora (Blume) O. Ktze., Y.U. 16041. Transverse section of the secondary xylem. > 50. Pirate III Group III Fic. 8. Mappia racemosa Jacq., Y. U. 12196. Transverse section of the secondary xylem. 50. ; nt V ogelit Stapf, Y.U. 15097. ansverse section of the secondary xylem. X 50. Pig 10. ioe. ovalis Bl., H.U. 2775. Transverse section of the secondary xylem. X 50. = 2 No) PLATE IV Group I Fic. 11. Platea species, Y. U. Scalariform intervascular pitting. 230. N wn Ke) ON N io) JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXII . Platea parviflora K. & V.,. ¥. U. 30529 Scalariform and opposite intervascular pitting. x 230. . Citronella Smythii (F.v. Muell.) Howard, Y. U. 20056. Widely spaced opposite intervascular pitting. >< 230. Group II . Urandra Ammui Kanehira, Y.U. 20405. Large scalariform and transitional intervascular pits. x 230. . Discophora guianensis Miers, N.Y. 87444. Vessel of first-formed secondary xylem showing opposite and alternate ee cee pitting. > 230, Sithot hed Merrittii Merr., . 8215. elically arranged opposite interv ascular pitting, transitional to ee. X 230. J Group III . Alsodeiopsis Staudtii Engl., Y. U. 24019. Alternate intervascular og! x 230. . Mappia racemosa Jacq . U. 12196. Alternate die Pies x 230. . Miquelia caudata Kin 4 Alternate intervascular pitting. x 230. PLATE V Group I . Platea latifolia Bl, Y.U. 30522. scalariform vessel-parenchyma pitting. >< 450. . Poraquetba sericea Tul., Scalariform vessel- -parenchyma pitting with enlarged apertures. x 450. Anisomallon clustaefolium Baill., Y.U. 14252. Scalariform and opposite vessel- parenchyma pitting. > 450. . Dendrobangia boliviana Rus Scalariform and reticulate bere aces, Scalariform and oppo- site intervascular ks re 230. . Citronella Smythii (F. uell.) Howard, Y.U. 20050. Opposite vessel- Gee a pitting. x 450, Group ITI oo luzoniensis (Merr.) Howard, Y.U. 2310. posite vessel-parenchyma pitting. 450, : Bas giwanensis Miers, Y. U. 34081. Large alternate vessel- parenchyme t pitting. x 450. : Gonocaryum cognatum Elmer, H. U. 22242. Alternate vessel- -parenchyma pitting. ~ 450. PLATE VI Group [ . Platea excelsa Bl., Vessel from the first-for med secondary xylem. X55. 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE, IT 187 Fic. 29. Platea species, Y. U. 20201. Vessel from the outer secondary xylem. X55. Fic 30. oe dimidiata E. Mey., Y.U. 14933. Ve om the outer secondary xylem. 55. Fig. 31. eee holosericeum Ducke, JY. U’. 33816. essel from the outer secondary xylem. X 55. Group II Fic. 32. Stemonurus Deora ie (Merr.) Howard, Y. U. 2310. Ves outer oe xylem. 55. Pie: 33: Weiler samoensis (Rein. ) cpiae At. U. 19471. Vessel from the outer se i xylem. X55 Fras. 34-36. Me dusanthera samoensis (Rein one rat A. 3061. Three types of perforations in vessels from the first-formed sec- ondary xylem. 220. Pies372 Urania sca uae ladle (BL) O. Ktze., V. U. 16042. sel from the outer secondary xylem. 55: Fic. 38. anes pe Kanehira. A. 4590. Scalariform ae of per forations in a vessel from the inner sec- ondary xylem. X 220. Fic. 39. Leptaulus avin aties Benth., Y. U. 19758. Vess the outer secondary xylem. X 55. Fias. 40-41. Leptaulus grandifolius Engl., Zenker 14. Types of perforations in vessels from the inner secondary xylem. 220, Fie. 42. ae yuan celal alean Hochr., oe 4218. Vessel from the outer secondary xyler Fies. 4+3- we neta ene arpum ee Pr off 4218. Types yf perforations in vessels from the inner secondary xylem. > 220. Group IIT Fic. 46. Desmostachys Vogelii Stapf, Y.U. 15097, Vessel from the outer secondary Se Dn) Mappta racemosa Jacq.. Vessel from the outer secondary cite pe) Fic. 48. Phytocrene macr sh tiiake 31. ALU. 2770. Vessel from a small stem. 55. Fic. 49. en ovalis Bl. Hf. : 2775. sel froma small stem. X 55. Fic. 50. Mer rrilliodendron rotense ee P Midieos. Vessel from the outer secondary ae x5. | cael 4) _ io) aay N cot on BroLtocicaL LABORATORIES. Harvarp UNIVERSITY. 188 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. xx STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VI THE GENUS SYMPLOCOCARPON AIRY-SHAW CLARENCE E. KoruskI In 1936, Bullock described a new species of Eurya' from Mexico and gave it the name Eurya Hintoni after the collector, G. B. Hinton. The following year Airy-Shaw* described a new genus, Symplococarpon, based upon Eurya Hintoni Bullock and three additional Hinton speci- mens from Mexico, the type species being Symplococarpon Hintoni (Bullock) Airy-Shaw. This outstanding new genus is characterized by an inferior or nearly inferior ovary, fruit resembling that of the genus Symplocos, and persistent bracteoles. Its nearest relative in the Thea- ceae is the genus Cleyera, with which it agrees in “the arborescent habit, foliage, fasciculate long-pedicelled flowers, and anther structure.” A detailed discussion of its generic status and relationships is so well recorded by Airy-Shaw that it would be superfluous to repeat it in this study. The following generic description contains additional information based on the more abundant material available from the Gray Herba- rium, Field Museum of Natural History, Missouri Botanical Garden, New York Botanical Garden and the United States National Museum. Symplococarpon Airy-Shaw in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3342. 1937. Trees with alternate branches. Leaves alternate, entire or serrate. Flowers hermaphroditic, axillary, fasciculate; pedicels minutely bracteate at the base with 2 persistent bracteoles, opposite or nearly so, at or near the juncture of the pedicel and the hypanthium. Sepals 5, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5, alternate with the sepals, imbricate, slightly connate at the base. Stamens 25-40, uniseriate; filaments connate at and adnate to the base of the corolla; anthers oblong-elliptic, tapering at the apex into a distinct subulate mucro. Ovary inferior, 2-celled, extreme apical portion usually exserted slightly above the base of the persistent calyx-lobes, appearing as a disk; ovules solitary in each cell; styles 2, rarely 3, free to the base, arising erect from the center of the seeming disk. Fruit indehiscent, subglobose, crowned by the persistent calyx and styles, two-celled, two-seeded. 1Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1936: 391. 1936, “Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3342. 1937. 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THEACEAE, VI 189 Type species: Symplococarpon Hintoni (Bullock) Airy-Shaw. KEY TO. THE SPECIES A. Apex of ovary (superior portion) hirsute. B. Filaments of the stamens not thickened at the base. C. Styles glabrous; leaf-margin entire with only an occasional vestige of denticulation; veins obscure on both surfaces. Ftp ee ane ve i,a8 6 oe ee eee 1. S. Hintoni. Ge. Styles hirsute on lower half; leaf-margin sharply serrate: veins very prominent on both surfaces. ...... 6. S. Brenesti. BB. Filaments of the stamens noticeably thickened at the base. D. Fascicles 3-4-flowered; styles 2-3; leaves obtuse or rounded at the apex; leaf- ee entire or lightly undulate; small tree up to nine meters. . 2.0... 6s cee es . S. chiriquiense. DD. Fascicles up to (i Aewered styles 2; leaves acuminate at the apex; leaf-margin serrate; large tree up to 25 meters. a ee eke ewes ae Oe 5. S. multiflorum. AA. Apex of ovary (superior portion) glabrous. E. Leaves lanceolate, 5-9 cm. long, 2.0-2.8 cm. wide; a. lobes 1.5-2.0 mm. wide; petals 2.0-3.5 mm. wide; mucro of the stamens 25 TA MONG Kis ds os es oe 8% ce 2. S. Airy- cain. EE. Leaves oblong-obovate, 8-15 cm. long, 2.5-5.5 cm. wide; calyx- lobes 3-4 mm. wide; petals 4-6 mm. wide; mucro of stamens be ON Sse (0) 1) nr ore 3. S. Purpustt. 1. Symplococarpon Hintoni (Bullock) Airy-Shaw in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3342. 1937, pro parte typica. Eurya Hintoni Bullock in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1936: 391. 1936. Small tree (Hinton 8653, 10 m.) with rough, glabrous, densely lenti- cellate branchlets. Leaves glabrous, oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, very smooth but not shining, 4-7 cm. long, + 2 cm. wide, acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, subentire with an occasional minute denticulation on the upper half of the leaf, the midrib deeply canaliculate; petiole 1-3 mm. long. Flowers axillary, in fascicles of 1-3; pedicel + 7 mm. long, glabrous, graceful, usually recurved. Bracteoles 2, minute, + 1 mm. long, subopposite, sepaloid, ciliolate, otherwise glabrous. Hypan- thium obconic-obovoid, glabrous, + 2 mm. long. Calyx-lobes 5, un- equal, imbricate, suborbicular, 1-2 mm. long, 1.5—2.0 mm. wide, glabrous except for the ciliolate margin. Petals 5, unequal, imbricate, 3.5—5.0 mm. long, 2.0-3.5 mm. wide, obtuse, the margin incurved. Stamens + 30, uniseriate; filaments up to 2 mm. long, adnate to the base of the corolla; anthers less than 1 mm. long; mucro subulate, 0.25—0.50 mm. 190 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XX long. The superior (disk-like) portion of the ovary sparingly hirsute. Styles 2, free, + 3mm. long. Fruit unknown. Mexico: District of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico, Mina de Agua, in a barranca, G. B. Hinton 8653 (type, Kew; isotypes, AA, FM, NY), Nov. 13, 1935 (tree 10 m.). Recently, while engaged on some preliminary work on American Theaceae, I discovered that the species Ternstroemia Purpusii Brandegee belongs to Symplococarpon. At first, I assumed that it belonged to S. Hintoni, but on comparison realized that it was a new species, very distinct from the type. This species will be discussed later. It was during this comparison that I reached the conclusion that Airy-Shaw had included two entities in his S$. Hintoni. Fortunately, the four Hinton numbers cited by Airy-Shaw are available for my examination. Of these, I find that no. 8653, the type of Eurya Hintoni Bullock (now the type of Symplococarpon Hintoni) is distinct from the other three numbers, 2426, 3081 and 3678. The type, no. 8653, has narrowly ellip- tic, coriaceous leaves, 4—7 cm. long and ca. 2 cm. wide, entire or nearly so (slight indication of serration of a few leaves), with a canaliculate midrib. Also, the leaves are smooth and opaque, hardly shining. Because of the coriaceous texture, the veins (8-10 pairs) are quite obscure. The petals of the corolla measure 3.5—5.0 mm. long and 2.0-3.5 mm, wide. The young branchlets are densely lenticellate. The apex of the ovary above the hypanthium and calyx-lobes is sparselv hirsute. The fruit, as described by Airy-Shaw, belongs to the following species. 2. Symplococarpon Airy-Shawianum, sp. nov. Symplococarpon Hintont Airy-Shaw in Hooker's Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3342. 1937, pro parte. Arbor 10-metralis (procerior, fide Hinton 3678), ramulis glabris sparse lenticellatis. Folia lanceolata vel sublanceolata, 5—9 cm. longa et 2.0-2.8 (-3) cm. lata, basi cuneata vel rare subrotundata, apice abrupte acuminata, submembranacea, glaberrima, opaca, costa supra complanata, margine leviter serrata, nervis lateralibus ca. 14-jugis gracilibus anastomosantibus, petiolis 2-5 mm. longis. Flores axillares, 1-6 fasciculati, pedicellis basi minute bracteatis, apice infra hypanthium bi-bracteolatis, bracteolis oppositis vel suboppositis _persistentibus minutissimis ca, 1 mm. longis sepaloideis ciliatis; hypanthium obconico- obovoideum, ca. 2 mm. longum, basi ca. 1 mm. et apice ca. 2 mm. diametro, glabrum, calvcis lobis 5 inaequalibus imbricatis glabris ovatis vel subrotundatis pergamenaceis ca. 2 mm. longis et 1.5—2.0 mm. latis 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THEACEAE, VI 191 margine ciliolatis; petala 5, ovata vel obovata, 5-7 mm. longa et 1.5—2.0 mm. lata, margine incurvata; stamina 30-40, uniseriata, filamentis glabris ad 2 mm. longis, basi petalis adnatis, antheris ca. 1 mm. longis, mucrone subulato 0.25—0.50 mm. longo; ovarium toto inferius vel fere, glabrum; styli 2, liberi, 2.5-3.5 mm. longi. Fructus (Hinton 3678, immaturus ?) viridis, oblongo-obovatus, ad 13 mm. longus et 7 mm. diametro, lobis calycis et stylis coronatus. Mexico: District of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico, Manchititla, in barranca, G. B. Hinton 3081 (type FM; isotypes, NY, US), January 2, 1933 (tree 10 m. high).— Temascaltepec, in barranca, alt. 2080 m., G. B. Hinton 3678 (AA), March 31, 1933 (large tree; a fruiting speci- ment of Hinton 2426.) This species is characterized by leaves 5-9 cm. long and 2.0-2.8 (-3) cm. wide, membranaceous, lanceolate-acuminate (the apex more abruptly and longer acuminate than S. Hintoni), denticulate, opaque, not shining, midrib (unlike S. Hintoni) flat. The veins are more numerous (ca. 14 pairs) and more pronounced on the lower surface than in S. Hintoni. The superior portion of the ovary, above the hypanthium, is strictly glabrous while in S. Hintoni, it is hirsute. The fruit, probably immature, is indehiscent, oblong-obovate, up to 13 cm. long and 7 cm. diameter, brownish green, crowned by the persistent calyx-lobes and styles. 3. Symplococarpon Purpusii (Brandegee), comb. nov. Ternstroemia Purpusti Brandegee in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 187. 1915. Tree (probably) with glabrous, rather smooth, sparsely lenticellate branchlets. Leaves glabrous, oblong-obovate, membranaceous, shining, 8-15 cm. long, 2.5—5.5 cm. wide, obtusely acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, the margin crenulate, the midrib flat, not canaliculate; petiole 2-3 mm. long. Flowers axillary, in fascicles of 1-3; pedicel + 8 mm. long, glabrous, sturdy, usually erect, ca. 1 mm. diameter at the hypanthium. Bracteoles 2, subopposite, minute, sepaloid, ciliolate. Hypanthium obconic-obovoid, glabrous 2—3 cm. long. Calyx-lobes 5, unequal, imbricate, suborbicular, 2-3 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, glabrous except for the ciliolate margin. Petals 5, unequal, imbricate, 5-7 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, obtuse, the margin incurved. Stamens + 30 (25-40), uniseriate; filaments 1.5-2.5 mm. long, adnate to the base of the corolla; anthers up to 2 mm. long; mucro subulate, 1.50-1.75 mm. long. The superior (disk-like) portion of the ovary glabrous. Styles 2, free, 4-5 mm. long. Fruit unknown. 192 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. Xx Mexico: State of Chiapas, Finca Irlanda, C. A. Purpus 7434 (iso- types of Ternstroemia Purpusii AA, G, FM, NY), June 1914. This species is based upon Ternstroemia Purpusii Brandegee col- lected by C. A. Purpus (no. 7434) in the State of Chiapas, Mexico. It was the study of this specimen that led to the present brief survey of Sym plococarpon. The leaves of this species are considerably larger than those of the other two species mentioned above, 8—15 cm. long and 2.5—5.5 cm. wide, membranaceous, oblong-obovate, obtusely acuminate at the apex with a delicately serrate margin. In the leaf-margin, the flat open midrib, and the glabrous ovary, this species resembles S. Airy-Shawianum, The pedicels in all three Mexican species vary not more than 2 mm. in length. However, the first two are characterized by graceful recurved pedicels which measure 0.5 mm. in diameter at the base of the flower. In the plate accompanying the description of the new genus, the flowers appear to be borne on erect pedicels. The flowers in the Hinton collec- tions studied at the Arnold Arboretum are on recurved pedicels. Symplococarpon Purpusii is characterized by more sturdy pedicels, varying little from those of the Hinton numbers in length, but at the point of the bracteoles the pedicels measure + 1 mm. in diameter, as opposed to + 0.5 mm. of S. Hintoni and S. Airy-Shawianum. This trifling difference in diameter does cause the flowers in most instances, to stand erect, especially those in the axils of the upper leaves, where they are less crowded. Some of the flowers in the lower axils do curve somewhat but not to the degree shown by those in S. Hintoni and S. Airy-Shawianum. The mucro of the stamen in this species is three- times longer (1.50—1.75 mm.) than the mucro in any other known species (up to 0.5 mm.). 4. Symplococarpon chiriquiense, sp. nov. Arbor parva, 6—9-metralis (fide collectore), ramulis glabris, non lenti- cellatis. Folia oblongo-obovata, glabra, coriacea vel subcoriacea, 4—6 cm. longa et 1.8—3.0 cm. lata, supra nitida, subtus pallidiora, apice obtusa vel rotundata, basi cuneata, margine integerrima vel leviter undulata, costa supra complanata, nervis ca. 5—7 paribus utrinque prominentibus, petiolis glabris 2-3 mm. longis. Flores axillares, 3—4-fasciculati; pedicelli glabri, recurvi, 11-12 mm. longi, apice infra hypanthium bracteolis 2 inaequali- bus 0.3-1.0 mm. longis oppositis vel suboppositis persistentibus sepa- loideis ciliolatis; hypanthium glabrum, obconico-obovoideum, ca. 2 mm. longum, calycis lobis 5 inaequalibus imbricatis pergamenaceis ca. 1 mm. 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THEACEAE, VI 193 longis et 1.5 mm. latis, apice obtusis vel flabelliformibus, margine cilio- latis; petala 5, obovata vel subrotundata, imbricata, 6-7 mm. longa et 4—6 mm. lata, margine incurvata; stamina ca. 25, uniseriata, filamentis glabris ad 3 mm. longis, basi subcrassis et petalis adnatis, antheris ca. 0.75 mm. longis, mucrone subulato ca. 0.3 mm. longo; ovarium fere totum inferius ovarii parte superiore dense albo-hirsuta; bi- vel ? tri- loculare; styli 2 vel 3, liberi, ca. 3 mm. longi, glabri. Fructus ignotus. PANAMA: Boquete District, Chiriqui Prov., alt. 1500 m., M. E. Davidson 799 (FM), June 27, 1938 (small tree 20-30 ft. high with cream-colored flowers. ) This species may be characterized by oblong-obovate, entire, glabrous leaves, conspicuously veined on both surfaces. The flowers are axillary and 3—4-fascicled. All parts, except the somewhat flat apex of the ovary, the very young buds and the midrib (lower surface) of the youngest leaves, are glabrous. The filaments are about 3 mm. long. The styles vary in number from two to three. This is the first instance of three styles appearing in the genus and it links Symplococarpon even closer to the genus Cleyera. Its nearest relative is S. multiflorum, which can be separated from S. chiriquiense by the many-flowered fascicles (up to nine) as com- pared to the few-flowered fascicles of the present species. Also, the number of styles in S. multiflorum is consistently two, the leaves are serrate, and the alternate bracteoles are situated somewhat below the hypanthium. Symplococarpon chiriquiense and the two following Cen- tral American species differ from the Mexican species in their densely hirsute ovaries (at the apex). The ovary of S. Hintoni has a few scat- tered hairs similar in type to those of the Central American species. However, in the other two Mexican species, S. Airy-Shawianum and S. Purpusii, the ovaries are strictly glabrous. 5. Symplococarpon multiflorum, sp. nov. Arbor 20—25-metralis (fide Austin Smith A487), ramulis ferrugineis glabris, lenticellis sparsis vel nullis. Folia oblongo-obovata vel oblongo- elliptica, glabra, coriacea, 4-7 cm. longa et 1.5-3.0 cm. lata, supra nitida, subtus pallidiora, apice acuminata, basi cuneata, margine serrata, costa supra complanata, nervis ca. 7-8 paribus utrinque prominentibus, petiolis glabris 5-7 mm. longis. Flores ad 8-11 in fasciculis axillaribus; pedicelli glabri, recurvi, 10-12 mm. longi, bracteolis 2 suboppositis minutissimis ca. 0.5 mm. longis sepaloideis inaequalibus persistentibus; hypanthium glabrum, obconico-obovoideum, 2.0-2.5 mm. longum, calycis 194 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XXII lobis 5 inaequalibus imbricatis pergamenaceis glabris 1-2 mm. longis et 1.7-2.0 mm. latis, apice rotundatis vel flabelliformibus, ciliolatis; petala 5, inaequalia, imbricata, subrotundata vel obovata, 5-6 mm. longa et 4-5 mm. lata, margine incurvata; stamina ca. 25, uniseriata, filamentis ca. 3 mm. longis glabris, basi manifeste crassis et petalis adnatis, antheris ca. 0.75 mm. longis, mucro subulato ca. 0.25 mm. longo; ovarium fere totum inferius, bi-loculare, ovarii parte superiore dense albo-hirsuta; styli 2, liberi, ca. 3 (—5) mm. longi, glabri. Fructus ignotus. Costa Rica: Palmira, region of Zarcero, alt. 1800 m., Austin Smith A487 (typE, AA; isotypes, FM, MBG), Oct. 5, 1937 (tree 75 ft. high, 3 ft. at the base; bark dark brown; flowers deep salverform, cream- colored; anthers ferrugineous).— La Junta (La Chonta), H. E. Stork 2305 (FM), May 27, 1928:—Santa Maria, alt. 1700 m., H. E. Stork 1808 (FM), May 5, 1928 (small roadside tree with yellow flowers). As the name indicates, this species is characterized by its many- flowered fascicles, varying from four to nine. The bracteoles, in the type,-are nearly opposite and are located just below the hypanthium. In Stork 1808 the bracteoles are alternate, nearly 2 mm. apart in some instances, with the upper bracteole as much as 2 mm. below the hypanthium. However, this character is not consistent. The filaments of the stamens are enlarged at the base. This thickened portion, which is approximately 1 mm. long, approaches the anther in size. The leaves are coriaceous and serrate. The collector of the type states that the specimen was taken from a large tree 75 ft. high, 3 ft. at the base. Stork 1808 is described by the colléctor as a small roadside tree. 6. Symplococarpon Brenesii, sp. nov. Arbor parva 4—6-metralis (fide Brenes), ramulis brunneis glabris lenticellatis. Folia lanceolata, glabra, coriacea, 4.0—-7.5 cm. longa et 1.5—2.75 cm. lata, supra nitida, subtus pallidiora, apice acuminata, basi cuneata, margine serrata, costa supra complanata, venis ca. 7—9 paribus utrinque prominentibus, petiolis glabris ca. 5 mm. longis. Flores axillares, 1- vel 2- (rare 3-) fasciculati; pedicelli glabri, recurvi, 10-11 mm, longi, apice bracteolis 2 suboppositis inaequalibus sepaloideis minutis 0.5-0.7 mm. longis obtusis glabris persistentibus; hypanthium glabrum, obconico-obovoideum, ca. 2 mm. longum, calycis lobis 5 inaequalibus imbricatis glabris pergamenaceis 1.0—1.5 mm. longis et ca. 1.5 mm. latis, apice obtusis vel flabelliformibus, margine ciliolatis; petala 1941] KOBLSKI, STUDIES IN THEACEAE, VI 195 5, inaequalia, imbricata, obtusa ca. 5 mm. longa et 4.5 mm. lata, margine incurvata; stamina uniseriata, ca. 25, filamentis glabris ad 3 mm. longis, basi petalis adnatis et non incrassatis, antheris ca. 1 mm. longis, mucrone subulato ca. 0.5 mm. longo; ovarium fere totum inferius, ovarii parte superiore dense hirsuta; styli 2, liberi, ca. 3 mm. longi, parte inferiore hirsuti. Fructus (Brenes 6228) obovoideus vel subglobosum, subligneus, rugosus, ca. 8 mm. longus et 6 mm. latus, calyce stylisque persistentibus coronatus, apice excepto glaber, bi-locularis, 2-spermus; semen ovoi- deum, brunneum, ca. 4 mm. longum et 3.5 mm. latum, intus leviter concavum, extus hemisphaericum et rugosum basi apiceque obtusum. Costa Rica: La Palma v El Socorro de San Ramon, alt. 1175 m., A.M. Brenes 4396 (tTypE, FM), August 27, 1925 (leaves ca. 9 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide).— Same locality, woods and pastures, alt. 1180 m., A. M. Brenes 4453 (FM), September 29, 1925 (tree 4-6 m. tall with spreading round crown; fruit immature).— Same locality, pastures and woods, alt. 1150 m., 4. M. Brenes 5151 (FM), November 24, 1926 (small tree with rounded crown; fruit blue, small).— Same locality, woods and pastures, alt. 1150-1175 m., 4. M. Brenes 5720 (FM), October 5, 1927 (small tree 4—5 m. tall. very branched; fruit axillary, isolated or in twos, green becoming black in drying, frequently 6-8 mm. long and 3—4 mm. diameter, surface rugose, pericarp thick, nearly woody ; seeds ovoid, fleshy, light purple, 2 * 3 mm.).— Same locality, A. AZ. Brenes 6228 (FM), July 24, 1928. Sym plococarpon Brenesii is characterized by glabrous, shining, coria- ceous, serrate, lanceolate leaves. The flowers are somewhat smaller than those of the other Central American species and are disposed in fascicles of one or two, rarely three, flowers. The styles are hirsute along the lower half and the filaments of the stamens lack the basal thickening found to a marked degree in S. multiflorum and to a lesser degree in S. chiriquiense. With the exception of S. Airy-Shawianum, this species is the only one in the genus to have been collected in fruit. All the specimens cited above, with the exception of the type, are fruiting specimens. Probably for the first time, mature or nearly mature fruit has been collected and recorded. A. M. Brenes, the collector, notes that the fruits are blue (no. 5151). In the immature stage (no. 4453) the fruit is oblong- obovate and probably green, with the hirsute apex and the persistent calyx-lobes clearly visible. On maturing (nos. 5151, 6228), the two- seeded fruit appears more nearly globose, the pericarp becomes some- what woody and thickened, and the small persistent calvx-lobes, although 196 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XXII still present and discernible, have become less obvious and lie appressed at the apex. It is quite difficult to decide from the mature stage whether the fruit is one-, two-, or even three-celled. However, in the immature stage (no. 4453), the cross-sections show the fruit to be distinctly two- celled. I must confess that in my study of the mature fruit I was per- mitted, because of the paucity of fruit, to make very few actual sections. This species is named after the collector, Professor A. M. Brenes, who, in the course of his collections in the San Ramon region, prepared the excellent series of specimens upon which the species has been based. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, Harvarp UNIVERSITY. 1941] SWINGLE, MOMORDICA GROSVENORI 197 MOMORDICA GROSVENORI SP. NOV. THE SOURCE OF THE CHINESE LO HAN KUO WALTER T. SWINGLE With two plates In 1932, while engaged in an agricultural survey of Kwangsi Province for the able and energetic military governor, Marshal Li Ts’ung-jen, Prof. George Weidman Groff of Lingnan University, Canton, China, dis- covered that the “lo han kuo,” a plant widely used in household medi- cine in southern China, which he had been vainly seeking for many vears, is cultivated in the mountains near the capital city of Kweilin by the non-Chinese Miao-tze people. Later, Prof. and Mrs. Groff visited the Kweilin region as guests of Marshal Li, who was born in this region and still maintains a residence there. On this trip visits were made to the Miao-tze villages but no living plants of the mysterious “lo han kuo” were seen. Marshal Li, however, sent a number of the swollen rootstocks to Prof. Groff at Canton, where they produced leafy shoots but no flowers, probably because of the high summer temperatures. These plants were the first of this species ever seen by botanists! In order to learn exactly where and how the plant is cultivated, Prof. Groff requested a grant from the National Geographic Society through the late Dr. Frederick V. Coville, Chairman of the Research Committee, who with myself had been for many years anxious to find the source of “lo han” fruits and to identify the plant that produces them. Dr. Gilbert Grosvenor, President of the Society, approved the grant, and with the cooperation of Lingnan University of Canton, China, a special expedition, headed by Prof. Groff, was sent to Kweilin and vicinity in August, 1937, The “lo han kuo” is a cucurbitaceous vine cultivated in northern Kwangsi by the Miao-tze people, who train it over horizontal trellises in special gardens cleared in the mountain forests. Abundant herbarium specimens and photographs of it were brought back by this expedition and turned over to me for identification. It became evident upon care- ful study of this material that it constitutes a new species of Momordica very distinct from any now known to botanists. I take pleasure in naming it Momordica Grosvenori, in honor of Dr. Gilbert Grosvenor, who for many years has encouraged liberally the geographic and botanical exploration of China. 198 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Momordica Grosvenori sp. nov. Ab aliis speciebus Momordicae differt seminibus applanatis radialiter striatis sulcatisque, margine rima lata profunde percursis, embryone ovato-lenticulari quam semine multo minore, fructus pulpa dulcissima in sicco in massam fibrosam levem coalescente, tota superficie plantae (facie superiore folii excepta) pilis minutissimis nigris ornata, folii margine sparse irregulariterque hydathodibus instructo. A dioecious vine, climbing to 2—5 m., the roots perennial, tuberous, fusiform when young, finally subglobose, 10-15 cm. in diameter. Stems slender, the internodes 3—9 cm. long, the axillary tendrils 8-12 cm. long, bifid above the middle. Petioles slender, 2—7 (usually 3-5) cm. long, 1-2 mm. in diameter, longitudinally striate. Leaf-blades thin, ovate- cordate, sometimes hastate and nearly triangular in outline, 8-15 (rarely to 23) cm. long, 3.5-12 (rarely to 17) cm. broad, acute or acuminate at apex, deeply cordate-emarginate at base with a cuneate juncture with the petiole (see pl. 2, fig. 1), the margins entire, irregularly and coarsely crenulate, or shallowly lobed, very rarely with callose spathulate hyda- thodes projecting beyond the margins in continuation of veinlets, the lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs on each side of the midrib, the lower pair running close to the margin of the cordate sinus but soon branching into 3 or 4 strong veinlets, the 3 or 4 pairs in the upper part of the leaf- blades not showing such strong veinlets, the upper surface and margins with scattered short white or light buff hairs, the lower surface with similar hairs and also with characteristic widely scattered minute black hairlets (also found on all exposed surfaces of stems, tendrils, petioles, peduncles, pedicels, ovaries, and the outer surfaces of sepals and petals). Pistillate inflorescences clustered (2 or 3) in leaf-axils or sometimes solitary, either with simple pedicels bearing a single flower or with peduncles 3—5 cm. long bearing 2—5 flowers on pedicels 0.5—1.5 cm. long, the pedicels subtended by finely pubescent bracts 2-3 mm. long and 0.5—1 mm. broad, the bracts often caducous or lacking. Ovary inferior, oblong-ovoid, 8-10 mm. long, 3.5-4.5 mm. broad, rounded at base, 3-locular, with numerous ovules in 6 rows (see pl. 1, fig. 2, 3, pl. 2, fig. 2). Sepals 5, persistent, soon reflexed, 5-7 mm. long, 1.5—2 mm. broad at base, tapering into thread-like pubescent tips. Petals 5, free, thin, yellowish, lanceolate-acuminate, 20-23 mm. long and 6-7 mm. broad (in dried state), with 6 or 8 subparallel veins. Staminodes 3, slender, 2—2.5 mm. long, two of them paired, one single. Styles 3, 4—5 mm. long, 3-lobed, sometimes each lobe bifid (see pl. 2, fig. 2). Stami- nate inflorescence racemose, arising singly in leaf-axils, 9-13 cm. long, unbranched for 6-8 cm. at base, the upper portion bearing 4-15 more or less appressed pedicels 1-3 cm. long and 0.5—1 mm. in diameter, the 1941] SWINGLE, MOMORDICA GROSVENORI 199 pedicels sometimes subtended by minute slender bracts 2-3 mm. long and 0.5—0.8 mm. broad. Staminate flowers single. Calyx funnel-shaped, 5-lobed above, the lobes 6-9 mm. long, 2.5-3.5 mm. broad at base, attenuate into slender thread-like finely pubescent tips. Petals 5, free, thin, yellowish, lanceolate-acuminate, 18-25 mm. long and 6-8 mm. broad (in dried state, possibly larger in fully developed fresh flowers), with 6 or 8 veins, two of the petals (nos. 1 and 2) bearing near the base bluntly rounded flaps (2-3 mm. long, 1.5—1.8 mm. broad, minutely pubescent above and ciliate at margins with nearly hyaline hairs, over- lying those arising from the bases of the stamens). Stamens 3, two of them with a pair of anthers, the other with a single anther; filaments 3-4 mm. long (usually doubled above in the stamens with 2 anthers) ; anthers subtriangular, 4-5 mm. long, 2—2.5 mm. broad, extrorse, dull reddish brown on inner side, each anther with a single S-shaped pollen- locule with the outer descending arm longer (3 mm.) and the inner ascending arm shorter (2—2.5 mm.); filaments at base more or less irregularly expanded into sheets of tissue which extend under the petal- flaps and together with them almost completely cover the nectary. Fruits broadly ellipsoid, ovoid or subglobose, with broadly rounded ends, 6-11 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad, more or less densely pubescent with yel- lowish (rarely reddish) hairs intermixed with numerous black hairlets, often with 6 (or more?) longitudinal stripes (see pl. 2, fig. 6), the peel very thin (0.5—0.8 mm. thick), the three doubled locules each with 2 rows of seeds (about 10-12 in a row) with slightly brownish gray pulp which dries to a light fibrous mass, intensely sweet in taste and with an aromatic odor and flavor (somewhat like licorice). Seeds light brownish gray, broadly oval or ovate, flattened, 15-18 mm. long, 10-12 mm. broad, —4 mm. thick at edges but with a depressed area (8-9 mm. long, 3—4 mm. broad) in the center of each side, surrounded by a ring of raised tissues which is radially striate and sparingly furrowed (see pl. 2, fig. 4), the margin deeply sunk as if eroded. (see pl. 2, fig. 4, 5), the embryo ovate-lenticular, much smaller than the seed, 7.5—9 mm. long, 3.5—4 mm. broad, 1.8—2 mm. thick, the testa very thin; smooth (see pl. 2, fig. 3). Type: CHINA: Kwangsi Province: Pai-shou (Po-seh) District, Niu-ho village, near Chien-kan, Taam Ving-wah 1 ( @ ), 15 ft. tall, Aug. 17, 1937, cultivated in garden, 15 Chinese feet high, in Herb. National Arboretum; Dupl. Herb. Arnold Arboretum. Serial microtome sections S. and T. 508 A, slides 1-8 (longitudinal sections of half an ovary); 508 B, slides 1-12 (cross-sections of the other half of 508 A); 508 C, slides 1-20 (cross-sections of an entire ovary); 716 A, slides 1, 2, 716 B, slide 1 (cross-sections of leaves); all filed in type collection of Herb. National Arboretum. 200 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII ADDITIONAL MATERIAL: Kwangsi Province: Pai-shou Dis- trict, Pao-an community near Pan-pu village, Taam Ying-wah 69 (2 ), PARATYPE, (in Herb. Nat. Arb. and Herb. Arnold Arb.). Serial micro- tome sections S. and T. 509 A, slides 1—7 (cross-sections of flower-bud) ; 509 B, slides 1-7 (longitudinal sections of flower-bud); 717 B, slide 1 (48 cross-sections of a flower-bud); 717 C, slides 1—7 (cross-sections of flower-bud) ; 717 D, slides 1-8 (longitudinal sections of flower-bud) ; 717 E, slides 1-33 (longitudinal sections of nearly mature flower) ; 717 A, slide 1 (cross-sections of leaf); all filed in type collection of Herb. Nat. Arb. Pai-shou District, Chih-lung village, Taam Ying-wah 22( 2 ) (in Herb. Nat. Arb. and Herb. Arnold Arb.). Boundary between Pai-shou and Kwei-lin Districts, Liu-ch’a mountains, alt. 2000 ft. (609 m.), Groff, Hoh, & Tung 21172 (¢@), Aug. 9, 1937, “Ch’ang han kuo” va- riety (in Herb. Nat. Arb. and Herb. Arnold Arb.). Boundary between Kweilin and Pai-shou Districts, Liu-ch’a mountains, Groff, Hoh, & Tung 21173 (?), Aug. 9, 1937 (in Herb. Nat. Arb.). Pai-shou District, San-wa village, near San t’ai mountain, Taam Ying-wah 5 ( 2 ), Aug. 18, 1937 (in Herb. Nat. Arb. and Herb. Arnold Arb.). Serial microtome sections S. and T. 729 A, slides 1-12 (cross-sections of young ovary) ; 729 B, slides 1-3 (cross-sections of young fruit); all filed in Herb. Nat. Arb. Clay slope near Pan-pu village of Po-an, Taam Ying-wah 67 ( @ ), Aug. 27, 1937 (in Herb. Nat. Arb.), Taam Ying-wah 71 ( 2 ), ‘““Ch’ang t’an tzu” variety (in Herb. Nat. Arb). Shih-lung village, Taam Ying- wah 41 (9°), Aug. 22, 1937, “Ma ling tsu” variety (in Herb. Nat. Arb. and Herb. Arnold Arb.). Hsing-an District, Sai-on village, T. S. Tsoong 83644 (9), Aug. 27, 1937, young fruits red (in Herb. Arnold Arb.). Hsiang District, Yao Mountain, Ku-ch’én, alt. about 5000 ft. (1570 m.), Huang Chi 40248, seen by Prof. Groff and Hoh Hin-cheung, marked “lo-han-kuo,” with green fruits only (in Herb. Sun Yatsen Univ. no. 97307). Kiangsi Province: Chung-jén District, near Li-pei-chiao, alt. 200-700 m., Y. Tsiang 10200 (¢), July 7, 1932 (in Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.). Kwangtung Province: Hainan Island, Chang-kiang Dis- trict, O-kao (Ngo-ko) Mt., near Chin-ch’i (Tsat cha) village, S. K. Lau 1925 ( 8), June 12, 1933 (in Herb. Arnold Arb., Gray Herb., and Herb. Nat. Arb.). Hainan Island, Kan-én (Kum-yun) District, S. K. Lau 27685 (4), Aug. 18, 1936; “fruit scarlet” (on @ plants) (in Herb. Arnold Arb.). Serial microtome sections S. and T. 721 A, slide 1 (cross-sections of leaf); 721 B, slides 1—7 (cross-sections of flower- buds); 721 C, slides 1-4 (longitudinal sections of flower-buds) ; all filed in Herb. Nat. Arb. 1941] SWINGLE, MOMORDICA GROSVENORI 201 The two collections of wild plants growing in Hainan Island were studied by Dr. E. D. Merrill, Director of the Arnold Arboretum, and by Dr. Franklin P. Metcalf, Botanist of Lingnan University at Canton, China, and were found by them to represent a new species of cucurbita- ceous plant native in China. When it became obvious that these Hainan plants belonged to the same species as the one cultivated in Kwangsi province, the dried material, notes, and drawings of the Hainan material were turned over to me so the species could be based on the more abund- ant collections of both male and female plants. I wish to take this occasion to render thanks for this most generous action. As appears from the above enumeration of the known material, Momordica Grosvenori is known from three rather widely separated regions in southwestern China: (1) the mountains westward from Kweilin in the northeastern part of the province of Kwangsi, where it is intensively cultivated in several districts at altitudes of 600 meters and over (found growing wild at 1570 meters) ; (2) about 600—700 kilometers northeast of Kweilin in the north-central portion of Kiangsi Province in Chung-jén district southwest of Yang-po lake, at altitudes of 300-700 meters; (3) about 700 kilometers south of Kweilin in two districts of Hainan Island at altitudes of 610 meters or over. In Kwangsi province it grows in the mountains in shady forests where Cunninghamia lanceo- lata, the tea-oil tree, Thea sasanqua, and the wood-oil tree Aleurites Fordii are native. In these foothill mountain forests, rains and fogs are frequent in the summer season. “Lo han kuo” tubers transplanted by Groff from Kweilin to Canton near sea level gave rise to vigorous vines but did not flower. Four principal varieties of the “lo han kuo” are grown in the Miao-tze country, where they are propagated by dividing the tuberous roots. These varieties show rather striking differences in the shape and color of the fruit and in the shape and size of the leaves, and also in the degree of evenness of the leaf-margins. In some varieties a very few hydathodes can sometimes be detected along the leaf margins, but more often they are wanting entirely. Nothing is known as to the fruit characters of the wild plants of Momordica Grosvenori. The leaves of the Kiangsi province plant (Y. Tsiang 10200) are the largest known, reaching 23 cm, in length and 13 cm. in width. Those of the Hainan Island plant (S. K. Lau 1925) are the smallest, 6.5-8 by 3.5-5 cm. Male plants are not cultivated by the Miao-tze people and for this reason are seldom seen. Flowers collected from the wild plants growing in the mountains are used by the Miao-tze people to pollinate the cultivated female plants. Momordica Grosvenori, in common with a number of other species of Momordica, has the double nectary protection by two basal petal flaps 202 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXII supplemented by broad proliferations from the bases of the 3 stamens, very similar to that described and figured in M. trifoliata by A. Zimmer- mann (Die Cucurbitaceen 2: 61-62. fig. 44, 45. 1922). Several other species of Momordica studied in minute detail in East Africa by Zimmer- mann show striking homologies with M. Grosvenori in the morphology of the male flowers. A species of Momordica native to northern French Indochina, M. tonkinensis Gagnep. (in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 24: 376. 1918; fig- ured in Flore gén. de l’Indo-Chine 2: 1070. fig. 120 [5-8]. 1921), presents certain analogies to the “lo han kuo,” and may prove to be a somewhat related species. The general appearance of this plant is evi- dently much like that of M. Grosvenori and its leaves are said to be “atro-glandulosa” on the under side, but it is not stated whether this is due to the presence of scattered black hairs as in the “lo han kuo.” The fruits are unknown and the male inflorescences differ from those of the “Jo han kuo” in having a very short corymb containing 12-15 flowers borne at the end of a peduncle 9-11 cm. long. It is described as having five free stamens. The male flowers have broad and rather bluntly pointed sepals very different from those of M. Grosvenori, which has the sepals long-acuminate, ending in slender thread-like tips. The “lo han kuo” is a small gourd-like fruit having an intensely sweet taste, widely used by the South Chinese as a household remedy for colds, sore-throat, and minor stomach and intestinal troubles. From the studies of Prof. Groff and his Chinese assistants, it appears that about 1000 tons of the green fruits are delivered every year to the dry- ing sheds at Kweilin. The fruits lose much weight in drying and are then packed in boxes and shipped to Canton where most of the crop is consumed, but large numbers of the “lo han” fruits are exported to the Cantonese living in the United States and other over-sea countries. Professor Groff was able to secure seeds of the “lo han kuo” near Kweilin in 1937 and found they retained their viability for a long time. Some of the seeds were planted at Lingnan University, Canton, China. The young seedlings soon developed fusiform roots. Half a dozen of these roots were recently presented to the Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction of the Bureau of Plant Industry by Professor Groff! through the National Geographic Society. It is hoped that these plants 1] wish to render here grateful acknowledgment to Professor G. Weidman Groff, not only for these living plants, but also for * of the details sp apotiet in this paper regarding the culture and curing of the “ uo,” taken from a manuscript — = ro ger Hoh on their trip to n orthern Kia angsi made in 19 This report was put i y hands by Dr. Gilbert Grosvenor, President of the sere ‘Geosraphic Society, i in ie to aid me in determining the taxonomic status of this PLaTE I Jour. ArNnoLtp Ars. VoL. XXII ingle MomorpicA GROSVENORI Sw MERIDEN FULL-TONE Piate II Jour. Arnotp Ars. VoL. XXII MAK “Nagel Ss S—. =, aes Ay: a, FN, Ys “4 rhs , SS re NY} * NI . = = ar 2 i oRI Swingle Momorpica GROSVEN MERIDEN FULL-TONE 1941] SWINGLE, MOMORDICA GROSVENORI 203 represent both sexes and that cuttings from them may he tested at different altitudes and different climates in hope of finding localities in the United States where this remarkable plant can be grown successfully. This will permit much better material than that now available to be obtained for use in determining its relationships in the genus Momordica. EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 1 Momordica Grosvenori Swingle. Female plants: Fig. 1, Taam 22; Fig. 2, 3, type, Taam 1. Male plant: Fig. 4, 5, 6, Sachate Taam 69. Fic. 1. Flowering twig. X& MY. Fic. 2, 3. Serial microtome cross-sections of ovary, showing 3 locules each with 2 rows of ovules, also both pale yellow and black hairs covering the outer wall. 6. Fic. 4. Flowering twig, showing slender racemose ¢ inflorescences. x 2. Fic. 5. ia tudinal microtome section of 3 flower-bud, showing petal picrignt) and growth starting to form at base of filament (left). hy Loma a ron : pa microtome section of nearly mature ¢ flower show- ing (to right) petal flap which overlaps the proliferation at base of the staminal filament growing over the nectary, also 2 S-shaped pollen-locules of 2 anthers. X 3 PLATE 2 Momordica Grosvenori Swingle. Female plants: Fig. 1, 2, Taam 22; Fig. 3, seed from a fruit purchased in a Chinese shop 1 cisco: Fig. 4,5, Taam 71, Ch’ang t’an tzu variety, from Jose Gomez’ drawing No. 17; Fig. 6, three cured fruits of the Ch’ang t’an tsu variety, Groff photo graph No. 1206 Fic. 1. Flowering branch, showing 2 inflorescences with flower-buds and owers, from Jose Gomez’ drawing No.9. X M%. Picw2, Sy microtome section of young ovary showing numerous niles, 3-parted style, and abundant small pale yellow and black ee covering outer wall, microtome section. X 10. Fic. 3. Cross-section of mature seed showing ee outline of the small embryo and the ened tissues of the erose ma x 6. Fic. 4. Mature seed showing radial sda wie furrows, ais depressed area over the embryo in the ce x 2 Fic. 5. Side view of seed showing erose margin. X 2. Fic. 6. Cured and polished fruits of Ch’ang tan tsu variety. X /M%. BuREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D. C. 204 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. Xxm NEW SPECIES OF MALLOTUS FRANKLIN P. METCALF* In this paper four new species and one new variety are proposed, and in addition one new combination is made. In the group with densely tomentose stems and capsules a key is added to distinguish the closely related species. The writer wishes to thank Dr. E. D. Merrill, Director of the Arnold Arboretum, for facilities made available during the progress of this work, and Dr. Leon Croizat, specialist in the Euphorbiaceae, for his friendly criticism of the manuscript. 1. Mallotus apelta (Lour.) Miill.-Arg. var. Kwangsiensis Metcalf var. nov. Mallotus sp. in discussion under MWallotus Stewardii Metcalf in Lingnan Sci. Jour. 10: 489, 1931. saben hapies Croizat in Jour. Arnold are a 142-3. 1938, quoad spec. cit. e Kwangsi, Ching 7111, non Mull.- A typo speciei differt aculeis capsulae multo eee flavidis nec albis. Capsular spines much longer than in the species, giving a looser, less compact appearance to the ¢ inflorescences, and vellowish in color rather than pearl-white. The peduncle of the ¢ inflorescence is also unusually long, up to 16 cm. As Croizat (1. c.) has pointed out, it resembles somewhat the Bornean and Javanese material of Mallotus ricinoides Miill-Arg. Kwancsi: Yeo Mar Shan, N. Hin Yen, 4000 ft., R. C. Ching 7111, TYPE, Aug. 24, 1928, in open wood, tree, 25 ft. Fan & Li 4, from Chang Ning Hsien, Hunan, may also belong here, but is not an exact match. Possibly it may represent a form of Mallotus Paxii Pamp. Further field work will be necessary before the relationships of this specimen from Hunan can be established. New collections from Kwangsi, Hunan and Tonkin may help greatly to clarify the limits within this group. 2. Mallotus Croizatianus Metcalf sp. nov. Arbor usque ad 7 m. alta; ramulis villoso-tomentosis, ultimis 7-10 mm. diametro; foliis alternis, peltatis, palmatinerviis, chartaceis, late *Fellow (1940) John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation; Curator of Herbarium, Botanical Survey, Lingnan University (on leave). 1941] METCALF, NEW SPECIES OF MALLOTUS 205 ovatis vel subrotundatis, 20-40 cm. longis et 20 cm. latis, elobatis vel 1—3-lobatis, lobis inch breviter triangulari-acuminatis, lobis ter- minalibus gradatim acuminatis vel caudato-acuminatis, basi area supra subglabris, subtus tomentosis, nervis 7—9; petiolo variabili, i foliis superioribus 2—5 cm. longo, in foliis inferioribus maturis ad 20 cm. longo, dense villoso-tomentoso; ¢ inflorescentiis paniculatis; @ inflores- centiis, racemosis congestis, dense tomentosis; floribus ¢ : sepalis ellip- ticis, 3.5 mm. longis et 2 mm. latis, dense stellato-tomentosis; staminibus multis, plus quam 120; @ floribus: sepalis 4, lanceolatis, acuminatis, 4—4.5 mm. longis, dense stellato-tomentosis; stylis 3, exsertis, recurvatis, stigmatibus piloso-subfimbriatis; fructibus globosis, ad 2 cm. diametro, aculeis dense stellato-tomentosis apice glabris, brunneis; pedicello stel- lato-tomentoso, 2—4 mm. longo. Kwancs!: En route Liang-chiang to Pai-shan city, Pai-shan district, Y. W. Taam 4, type 2, Aug. 17-18, 1937, abundant among shrubs on dry, rocky, sandy soil of Chien-kan-shan, near Niu-lo ts’un, erect woody plant, 2 m. high with fragrant, yellow flowers, “‘P’ao-mu-shu.” Shap Man Taai Shan, near Ping Hoh village, S.E. of Shang-sze, Kwangtung border, Shang-sze district, W. T. Tsang 22132, 4 , April 17, 1922, abund- ant in meadow along roadside or in dry clay, woody, 4 ft., fl. yellow. Na Hung, Ling Yiin Hsien, A. NV. Steward & H.C. Cheo 356, May 7, 1933, ¢, shrub, 7 m. with yellow flowers; specimen also with portion of bark, ex Herb. Univ. Nanking. 3. Mallotus Dunnii Metcalf sp. nov. Mallotus Roxburghianus Miull.-Arg. var. glabra Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 88: 365. 1908; Pax & Hoffmann, Pflanzenr. (Heft. 63) IV. 147, vir: 173, 1904 tn nota (as var. glaber Dunn); Croizat in Jour. Arnold Arb. 19: 144. 1938. FUKIEN: Yenping, Buong-kang Village, Dunn 1136-HH 3437 (HK, K, AA.) This material is so distinct that it should not be retained as a variety. Furthermore, the specimen cited above does not have the pubescence characteristic of Mallotus Roxburghianus Miill.-Arg. The leaves are small, peltate, palmately 8-10-nerved, subrotund, with 1-3 lobes at the apex, glabrous on both sides with the base of the leaf rotund and the lobes acuminate; the blades are approximately 18 cm. long and 15 cm. wide; the petioles are 8-15 cm. long; the inflorescence is terminal, race- mose, with slender pedicels (0.5-3.5 cm. long), with the lowest pedicels distinctly the longest. The specimen seen by Croizat and myself in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum is sterile. The description of the inflorescence is 206 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL, Xx based on my notes taken in the herbaria of Kew and of the Hongkong Botanical Garden. 4. Mallotus lotingensis Metcalf sp. nov. Mallotus barbatus (Wall.) Miull.-Arg. var. congestus [congesta] Metcalf in Lingnan Sci. Jour. 10: 487. 1931. KwanctTunc: On way to San Kai Tin, Loting, Ying Tstang 1131, Sept. 13, 1928. Sunyi, Ying Tsiang 2734, June 17, 1929, in open, along water, shrub. (Both formerly distributed as M. barbatus Miill.-Arg.). Squire 317 from Hue, Indo-China, a ¢ specimen, probably also repre- sents this species. Croizat (in Jour. Arnold Arb. 19: 135. 1938), in his discussion under M. barbatus var. pedicellaris Croizat, has suggested that M. barbatus var. congestus Metcalf is a form that has sessile or subsessile fruit on a con- gested inflorescence, and that it is doubtfully conspecific with his new variety, adding that “it is probable that a better knowledge based on more ample collections of Chinese M. barbatus will introduce further changes in the treatment and limits of the species.” After making an additional study of this material along with some new material not available in 1930-31, I have come to the conclusion that this is in reality a good species and not a variety. It is much nearer in its relationships to M. luchenensis Metcalf from Kwangsi, Hunan, and Kwangtung, than to M. barbatus from Yunnan, Szechuan, Annam, and Cochinchina. The leaves, young branches, petioles and inflorescences are densely stellate and soft velvety-tomentose beneath. The ¢ inflorescence is a congested eglandular raceme, and the capsules are sessile, stellate-pubescent, with the spines quite noticeable. 5. Mallotus luchenensis Metcalf sp. nov. Arbor vel suffrutex usque ad 3 m. altus; ramis farinoso-tomentosis, ramulis villosis, dense tomentosis, flavis vel flavo-ferrugineis; foliis late ovatis vel subrotundatis, 15-30 cm. longis, 10-15 cm. latis, 3-lobatis, lobis rare nullis vel uno laterali, lobo terminali triangulari-acuto vel acuminato, lobis lateralibus acutis vel caudato-acuminatis, basi cordatis vel rotundatis vel truncatis, supra, nervis exceptis, subglabris, subtus dense stellato-tomentosis, pilis in foliis maturis albis, in foliis juvenilibus ferrugineis; petiolo usque ad 10 cm. longo, dense tomentoso-pubescente ; inflorescentiis terminalibus, elongato-racemosis, ad 30 cm. longis, dense stellato-tomentosis; ¢ inflorescentiis: sepalis ellipticis, stellato- tomentosis; staminibus numerosis; ¢ inflorescentiis elongato-racemosis; sepalis ovatis, stellato-tomentosis; stylis 4, recurvis exsertis: stigmatibus papilloso-fimbriatis; fructibus subeloboas, leviter denseque stellato- 1941] METCALF, NEW SPECIES OF MALLOTUS 207 tomentosis, 10 mm. longis latisque; pedicello 6-10 mm. longo, dense tomentoso; calyce et stylis persistentibus; aculeis totis massam unam efformantibus, brunneo-nigris, minute glandulosis, pilis confertis stellato- tomentosis undique indutis. Kwancs!: Shan Fang, N. Luchen, 1500 ft., R. C. Ching 5699, June 6, 1928, TYPE @ , in open thicket, spreading shrub, 10 ft., with gray bark. KwancTunc: Ting Wu Shan, W. Y. Chun 6342 6 and 6400 @ (2 sheets), May 5 and 6, 1928, in open shrub, or light woods; tree 2.5—3 m. high. KwetcHow: Ad viam Tschenning Huangtsaubam fluminis Houdjiau ho in silva lateris australis, Handel-Mazzetti 10364, June 20, 1917; Tuyun, Y. Tstang 5766, July 12, 1930, in dense shade, tree 6 m. high, diam. breast high, 15 cm., sterile specimen. Inpo-Cu1NnaA: Tonkin, prov. Santay, Petelot 2218, 2, June, 1939, tree 7-8 m. This species was formerly confused with Mallotus barbatus Mill.-Arg. and its variety congestus Metcalf (— M. lotingensis Metcalf). It is, however, probably more closely related to M. lotingensis from Kwang- tung than it is to either the species M. barbatus or its variety pedicellaris Croizat. This species has leaves similar to M. barbatus, but the fruits are short- rather than long-pedicelled, and the capsules are reddish or reddish orange, not yellowish or straw-colored. From M. lotingensis it can be distinguished by the pedicelled, not sessile, capsules in loose, not congested, racemes. 6. Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Miill.-Arg. var reticulatus (Dunn) Metcalf comb. nov. Mallotus reticulatus Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. 38: 365. 1908. Pax & Hoffmann, in Pflanzenr. (Heft. 63) IV. 147. vir: 184. 1914, have listed Mallotus reticulatus Dunn as a synonym of M. philippensis Mill.-Arg. Mallotus reticulatus, in my opinion, is not typical M. philip- pensis Miull.-Arg. On the other hand, it should not be treated as a dis- tinct species. If Dunn 3429 from unexplored western Fukien were the only collection available to me, I might still consider it a good species, but another specimen collected by Ford in Hongkong shows a dentation which is not quite so pronounced. Both specimens, nevertheless, are characterized by coarsely dentate leaves, hardly serrate, as stated by Dunn (1. c.). Dunn 3429 has more deeply dentate leaves, which are coriaceous, distinctly and finely reticulate, and with a very peculiar yellowish bloom in addition to the usual red granular glands and pubes- cence beneath. The specimen is also much more densely pubescent. 208 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL XXII The yellowish bloom and prominent reticulate lower surface of the leaves are the most distinctive characteristics. WESTERN FukIEN: Wong Ka Chi, Dunn 164-HH 3429, typE of M. reticulatus Dunn (HK, AA). Kwanotunc: Lung-tau-shan, LU 12890 (To & Tsang) (CCC; fragment, AA). HoncKone: Ford (AA). One sheet from Futschau (Foochow) collected in 1887, namely War- burg 5876, has leaves with a somewhat dentate margin, but these leaves are subcoriaceous, much thinner than those of the typical variety, and lacking the yellowish bloom and the somewhat distinct raised reticula- tions; hence is placed here with doubt. Below I am adding a key to characterize and distinguish the species in the “barbatus” group, namely M. barbatus Miill.-Arg., M. barbatus var. pedicellaris Croizant, M. luchenensis Metcalf, M. lotingensis Met- calf, and M. Croizatianus Metcalf. KEY TO THE “BARBATUS” GROUP OF MALLOTUS a. Spines of capsule forming a continuous stratum. b. Capsules yellowish. c. Pedicels short, 1 cm. or less, mostly less; capsules about 12 mm. diam.; branchlets shaggy-tomentose (Yunnan, Szechuan). 4 ae Hee EE ERAN a KEES HAS ROE EERE barbatus Mull.-Arg. cc. Pedicels longer, 1-4.5 cm.; capsules 15-16 mm. diam.; branch- lets tomentose (Szechuan). .. barbatits var. pedicellaris Croizat bb. Capsules reddish or reddish orange; branchlets rather shaggy- tomentose (Kwangsi, Kwangtung, Tonkin)... .duchenensis Metcalf aa. Spines of capsule not forming a distinct stratum but appearing some- what echinate. b. Capsules about 1 cm. diam. and somewhat congested or confluent in the spike; branchlets shaggy-tomentose (Kwangtung and PRN e655 5 05 20 ree eka ena or eee es eee es lotingensis Metcalt bb. Capsules about 2 cm. diam., scattered, not congested or confluent : branchlets shaggy-tomentose (Kwangsi). .. Crotsatianus Metcalt ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 1941] MUNOZ, RELCHELA PANICOIDES STEUDEL 209 RELCHELA PANICOIDES STEUDEL GRAMINEAE ENDEMICA EN CHILE!’ CarLos Munoz? Con una lamina DuRAnTE las observaciones sobre algunos géneros de Gramineae rep- resentados en Chile, Dr. Agnes Chase nos llamo la atencién sobre las caracteristicas peculiares de Relchela panicoides Steudel, haciéndonos ver las posibilidades de reconocer este género mono-especifico en su verda- dero valor taxondmico y filogénico. La abundancia de material critico encontrado en el Herbario de Gramineas del Museo Nacional de los EE.UU. nos indujo a efectuar un estudio sobre el mencionado tema. Relchela Steudel (20) es un anagrama creado por el autor a base de Lechler, colector de la especie. Lechlera, nombre inédito, solo ha sido mencionado por Steudel en correspondencia a botanicos y amigos suyos. Desde la época de su creacién (1854) el género ha sido mal inter- pretado. Su unica especie, Relchela panicoides Steudel, descrita en Paniceae, ha sido incluida en el género Calamagrostis y sus sindnimos descritos en Panicum y Agrostis. Bentham (2:91) la incluye por primera vez en Deyeuxia Clarion (Lachnagrostis Trinius), comentando que “Relchela, Steud., . .. Cinnas- trum, Fourn. (at least as to Deyeuxia poaeformis, Kunth.), Deveuxia mutica, Wedd., and D. breviglumis, Benth., with a few other South- American species, form a little group with a glabrous rhachilla and the awn reduced to a small point.” Al mismo tiempo indica Agrostis sesqui- valvis Desv. (error para A. sesquiflora del mismo autor) como sinénimo. Bentham & Hooker (3: 1153) la menciona como Deyeuxia, hoy dia considerada sub-seccion de Calamagrostis, indicando una vez mas Agrostis sesquiflora como sindnimo, Hackel (11) la sigue considerando Calamagrostis (§ Devyeuxia), haciendo notar su anomalia dentro de ella. Index Kewensis (15) la anota también bajo Deyeuxia, y Dalla Torre & Harms (9) la coloca bajo Calamagrostis Adans. Bews (4) adopta la misma opinion de Hackel. 'Leido ante la seccién respectiva del Congreso Cientifico Americano, el 17 de Mayo de 1940, en Washington, DC 2Manuscrito realizado bajo el auspicio de John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, durante la ae heads de la beca latino-americana para Chile, con que fué agraciado durante 1939-4 210 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XxI Ultimamente Pilger (19) crea una nueva seccioén del género Briza (§ Relchela), basando su nueva combinacion especifica en Agrostis sesquiflora Desv., atendiendo seguramente a la opinion de los autores anteriormente citados. Estos antecedentes fundamentados en consideraciones a priori, sin la consulta previa de material critico, y la diagnosis genérica y especifica dada por el autor (errénea y poco precisa) crearon una confusion en la interpretacion de Relchela. Sus caracteres quedan perfectamente bien definidos por la posicién y numero de antecios (1—2), compresi6n lateral y consistencia perfecta- mente indurada de la glumela, apenas 5—7-nerviada, callo robusto, coro- nado de pelos tiesos, raquilla prolongada y pubescente, caryopsis hirsuto en el apice e hilio basal, lanceolado-linear. Consideramos Relchela pani- coides perteneciente a la tribu Festuceae, sub-tribu Festucinae. E] género y la especie son endémicos en Chile, con una distribucién geografica comprendida entre Aconcagua y P aaculivas desde la costa al valle central. La época de floracién, de acuerdo con el material que nos ha sido posible estudiar, varia desde Diciembre a Febrero. Durante la diseccion de las espiguillas de un solo antecio, notamos la presencia de caryopsis completamente desarrollados y anteras de tamano muy reducido, que agrupadas y entremezcladas con el resto de estigma coronaban su apice. La glumela y la palea se unian por sus bordes fuertemente, y la separaciOn de la primera se hacia dificultosa debido a su consistencia estremadamente coriacea. Este hecho nos hace reconocer un fendmeno de cleistogamia en esta clase de elementos. Hemos tratado de ilustrar esta caracteristica, comun en otros géneros americanos, en la lamina que adjuntamos, en la que puede apreciarse el tamano de las anteras en los antecios cleistogamos y aquellos normales. En el material estudiado, la especie encierra también un complejo de variaciones, que aparentemente podrian tomarse como fijos. Por ejemplo, la glumela se presenta algunas veces completamente escabra en la mitad inferior (Buchtien, Valparaiso, US. no. 1099593); otras veces, la forma generalmente aovada de la glumela se inclina a lanceolada (Joseph 5113). Los antecios son en la mayoria de los especimenes mas cortos que las glumas; en cambio en el material citado anteriormente el primer antecio tiene el mismo largo que las glumas y el segundo sobresale bastante de ellas, lo que afirma su posicion dentro de la tribu. La palea es mas corta que la glumela y otras veces de su misma dimension. La longitud de las anteras presenta ligeras variaciones respecto de las anotadas. Hemos creido necesario dar a conocer en detalle la discusién de cada 1941] MUNOZ, RELCHELA PANICOIDES STEUDEL 211 uno de los tipos y presentar una diagnosis completa basada en material critico, con el fin de aclarar su valor taxonémico. Relchela panicoides Steudel, Syn. Pl. Gram. 1: 101. 1854. El tipo se encuentra conservado en el Herbario del Museo de Paris. E] ejemplar colectado por Lechler, no. 435, Arique, Chili, Dc. 51, con la etiqueta de Lechler, lleva otra que dice, “Relchela panicoides Steudel (Lechlera, seguido de un nombre especifico inédito), Lechlera Miq. est aliud genus. Prope Arique Chili. Lechler Hrbr. no. 435” |manuscrito del autor]. Esta formado por dos ejemplares de 60 cm. de altura (culmo de uno de ellos quebrado), perenne; grupos pequenos de pocos a varios culmos; hojas lacias, aplanadas, de 3 mm. de ancho; paniculas sobre- maduras, de 5-9 cm. Las espiguillas llevan un solo antecio; el ovario completamente desarrollado, y anteras pequenhas coronando su apice. Una segunda hoja correspondiente al mismo colector y numero la forman ejemplares pequenos, mas jOvenes; culmos de 25—40 cm., designados por Steudel con un nombre varietal inédito. Isotipos de la especie se encuentran (1) en U.S. National Herbarium (US. no. 1127141), ex Wien. Nat. Mus. (W). ‘“W. Lechler pl. chilensis. Ed. R. F. Hohenacker, 435, Relchela panicoides Steudel, novum. Panicearum genus, Relchela anagramma e Lechlera, prope col. Arique et pr. Techa. Dec. m. 1851.” Es un ejemplar completo bien conservado, de dos culmos y mostrando la presencia de estolones; (2) en el Jardin Botanico de Leningrado (LE), fragmento en US., obtenido por Hitch- cock, en 1907; (3) en el Herbario de Cambridge, Inglaterra (CGE), Chili (Arique) Lechler 435, obtenido por Prof. Hitchcock; (4) en el Herbario Pittier & Durand, Bruselas (BR) (Lechlera, seguido del mismo nombre especifico inédito), “Relchela panicoides Steudel’’ Valdivia, Chili, Lechler (Hohenacker) 435, nombre manuscrito por el autor; fragmento obtenido por Hitchcock en 1935; (5) en el Herbario del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile (SGO), Herbario Philippi. Segun Espinosa® existe otro ejemplar colectado en ‘‘Arique (Valdivia) en 1851.” También en US. no. 1761967, en hoja separada, se encuentran 4 ejemplares completos, de paniculas delgadas y reducidas, W. Lechler pl. chilensis, Ed. R. F. Hohenacker, 435, Relchela panicoides Steudel, n. gen., “in virgultus prope Arique. Novembr.m.1853” (Notese que el ano, mes y anotaciones difieren de la etiqueta considerada original ). Planta perenne, raiz fibrosa, estolonifera, innovaciones extravaginales, 20-60 cm. de altura, formando grupos de pocos 0 varios culmos. Estos 3 n M.R. Espinosa, también existe bajo esta misma ce en SGO un Seg se colectado en ‘““Huallihuapi” ad originem Rio Futa (Valdivia 212 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxX cilindricos, erectos o algo geniculados en la base,* de 0.8-1 mm. de diametro, retrorso-escabros, de 2 nudos visibles, separados entre 12-13 cm., circulares, negruzcos, de 0.3 mm. de ancho, desnudos. Vaina glabra o muy escasamente pubescente, amarillenta, estriada, mas corta que la lamina, 4-10 cm., envolviendo o no por completo el culmo. Ligula 2 mm. de largo, blanquecina, membranosa, pubescente al interior, decurrente sobre la vaina. Lamina plana, la inferior 15—20 cm., 2-3 mm. de ancho, lanceolada-acuminada, de 13-15 nervios prominentes, escariosos; la superficie inferior de las mas maduras cubierta en los nervios de apéndices largos, blanquecinos, separados. Algunas veces, la lamina superior del culmo de 6 cm. de largo, alcanzando a la mitad de la panoja. Panicula contraida, erecta, 4—8 cm., por 3—5 de ancho; las ramificaciones escariosas, ascendientes, en verticilos de 3—5, separados entre 1.5—2 cm.; el verticilo mas corto de 0.5 cm., y el mas largo de 2 cm.; cada rami- ficacion principal o secundaria desnuda inferiormente. Espiguillas 1-2 antecios, el primero sésil, incluido por completo por las glumas, el segundo en una raquilla igual a la mitad del primero, ambos hermafroditas. Glumas aquilladas, casi iguales, de margenes membranosos, trans- parentes, de bordes enteros o muy finamente aserrados; carena escariosa ; la inferior de 4—4.5 mm. y 0.5 mm. de ancho, 1-nerviada; la superior 4.3-4.5 mm. y 0.5 mm. de ancho, 3-nerviada en su base. Glumelas cilindricas y dorso encorvado, 3.3-3.5 mm. y 0.4 mm. de ancho, de apice obtuso, y el nervio medio no sobresaliendo entre los lébulos de ella, indarades. gruesas, con la base coronada de pelos cortos, de bordes escariosos, lisa cians: algo escariosa hacia el extremo, 5-—7- nerviada, oscuramente asi; los antecios lateralmente comprimidos. Palea 2-nerviada, mas corta que la glumela o del mismo largo, 2.6-3.1 mm. de largo, por 0.5 mm. entre los nervios; estos escariosos 0 casi ciliados hacia el vértice, el apice entero. El segundo antecio 2.3 mm., igual en estructura al inferior, con la palea del mismo largo que la glumela, Estambres 3, con los filamentos 1% mas cortos que las anteras, éstas 1.7-2.2 mm. de largo. El callo robusto, redondeado, amarillento, estrangulado hacia la base de la glumela, bordeado por pelos blancos, tiesos, cortos de no mas de 0.5 mm. Ovario 0.5 mm., angosto hacia la base, con el estigma poco plumoso, 1.8 mm.; estilos cortos y aplanados, naciendo separados. Caryopsis hirsuto en el apice, 1.2 mm. y 0.4 mm. de ancho, subtriangular, de surco mas 0 menos pro- fundo; hilio lanceolado-linear, negruzco. Lodiculos bilobulados, con uno de Ales mas corto y eahseatg lateralmente, 1 mm. de largo, y 0.3 de ancho. ‘Panicum oligostachium (segin descripcién) Fr. Vidal Gormaz, Maullin en 1874. 1941] MUNOZ, RELCHELA PANICOIDES STEUDEL 213 Panicum oligostachium Steudel, Syn. Pl. Gram. 1: 97. 1854. Hemos estudiado un ejemplar del Herbario Steudel, Museo de Paris, que lleva en la etiqueta el nombre manuscrito por el autor, seguido de: “prope Conception, Chili, legit Urville’’; se trata de un espécimen pobre, obtenido por Mrs. Chase en 1935. Isotipo de la especie, en el Herbario de Caen, Francia (CN); la etiqueta dice: “Chauvin 1851, Hb. Urville, Chile,’ que le suponemos como tal. No lleva indicaciones manuscritas por el autor. Se trata de un ejemplar pequeno, de mas o menos 12 cm. de altura. Chase, 1935. Ramificaciones de la panoja verticiladas, con 2-4 ramificaciones escabras; la espiguilla de dos antecios, 3.4 mm. de largo, de pedicelo escarioso; gluma inferior 3.7 mm. y 0.5 mm. de ancho, 1-nerviada, escariosa en la mitad superior y borde finamente aserrado; gluma superior 3-nerviada, escariosa como la primera de 3.5 mm., y 0.8 mm. de ancho; antecio de 3 mm. por 0.6 mm. de ancho, coronado por pelos en su base, lanceolado-oblongo. Glumela levemente 7-nerviada, 0.7 mm. de ancho, escariosa; palea de 2 mm. de largo y 0.5 mm. de ancho, 2-nerviada, francamente escarioso-pubescente en los bordes. El segundo antecio 1.8 mm., 0.5 mm. de ancho; la proporci6on entre palea y glumela es la misma como en el primer antecio. Anteras 0.4 mm. de largo, con el filamento muy corto. Ovario 0.4 mm. de largo, escasamente pube- scente. El segundo antecio en este espécimen es mas pequenho que en el material observado anteriormente, y la palea del primer antecio difiere por su longitud notablemente mas corta. Agrostis ? asperula Phil. Linnaea 29: 89. 1857-58. Desconocemos donde pueda encontrarse el tipo de Philippi, pero su descripcién concuerda en todos sus caracteres con Relchela. El autor indica su posicién dudosa en Agrostis. Pilger (19) dice haber observado un espécimen determinado por Philippi como tal, pero cuyas espiguillas llevan un solo antecio. El ejemplar citado mas adelante, también determinado por Philippi, concuerda mas con su descripcién (NY). En el Museo de Santiago (SGO), Espinosa® nos da cuenta que ejemplares bajo esta especie existen dos: uno de Puyehue, Prov. Valdivia, y otro de San Juan, Mirador, Enero de 1865, que difieren de la localidad origi- nal del tipo. Agrostis limonias Phil. Linnaea 33: 287. 1864-65. El tipo de esta especie se encuentra conservado en el Herbario Hackel, 5Chauvin fué el médico del barco en la Expedicion comandada por eg ans Probablemente los especimenes de este ultimo fueron colectados por Chauv ®SCarta fecha 29 de Enero, 1940. 214 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXII Museo de Viena (W). Nos ha sido posible estudiar un fragmento de él y una fotografia del mismo ejemplar. La etiqueta dice: Pantanos | Manuscrito de Philippi] Agrostis limonias Ph. Valdivia [Manuscrito de Reiche]. Ademas no. 150, que corresponde al envio de material efectuado por el Museo Nacional de Santiago al Prof. E. Hackel. El espécimen se compone de un solo culmo quebrado, y sus vainas alcanzan casi hasta la altura de la panicula; las espiguillas de color amarillo claro. La gluma inferior de 3.5 mm., la superior casi del mismo largo. Antecio de 2.8 mm., visiblemente coronado por un circulo de pelos tiesos. La glumela difiere un tanto del ejemplar de Lechler por tener la superficie de su mitad inferior casi completamente lisa y brillante, de color amarillo palido. Anteras 1—-1.2 mm., flavas. Palea 2.5 mm. por 0.4 mm. de ancho, escariosa hacia arriba, los nervios casi paralelos en la mitad. La raquilla pubescente, de 2 mm. de largo. Agrostis ’? corralensis Phil. Linnaea 33: 286. 1864-65. Hemos estudiado fotografia y fragmento de un ejemplar, conservado en el Herbario de Viena (W). Ejemplares de esta especie no se encuentran representados en Santiago. La etiqueta dice: ‘‘Agrostis corralensis Ph. no. 161,’ Valdivia” [en manuscrito de Reiche]. La fotografia muestra un espécimen de un solo culmo, desprovisto de la parte basal. Las vainas alcanzando hasta el nacimiento de la panicula; las laminas son anchas, planas, lanceoladas, acuminadas, notablemente estriadas. En general este material aparece mas robusto que los otros especimenes estudiados. Espiguillas de 2 antecios, de 4 mm. de largo; el primer antecio 3.5 mm. por 1.6 mm. de ancho, 3-nerviado, muy oscuramente 5-nerviado, escarioso, de apice angostamente obtuso; palea 2-nerviada, escariosa en sus 34 superiores, 3 mm. de largo y danuflla 0.8 mm. de largo. El segundo antecio 3 mm., escarioso, raquilla 2 mm. de largo, pubescente. La raquilla del et antecio es ensanchada en su término y esta provista de abundantes pelos blancos, que la sobrepasan en su mismo largo. Anteras del primero 1.5-2 mm.; ovario 0.5 mm., no desarrollado, pubescente; lodiculos 1 mm. de largo, 0.3 mm. de ancho. Las dimensiones anotadas en las descripciones son las correspondientes a material observado en seco. Los 6rganos florales (sexuales) y lodiculos fueron observados después de remojar los antecios durante 3 a 5 minutos en agua caliente, agregando 2 0 3 gotas de glicerina. Las abreviaciones empleadas para los diferentes herbarios son aquellas publicadas por Chronica Botanica (5: 142-150. 1939), de acuerdo con la standariza- cidn que se quiere establecer en este sentido. 7Numeracion correspondiente al material enviado a Viena. 1941] MUNOZ, RELCHELA PANICOIDES STEUDEL 215 Ciertos ejemplares presentaban pustulas negruzcas sobre las laminas, que corresponden al patdgeno Phyllachora graminis (Pers.) Fkl., de la familia Dothideaceae, indicando con ello un nuevo mesonero para este hongo.* La comparacion del tipo de Agrostis sesquiflora Desv.,° conservado en el Museo de Paris, y del cual hemos observado fragmentos, nos lleva a la conclusién que la combinacién nueva de Pilger, establecida reciente- mente, Briza (§ Relchela) sesquiflora (Desv.) Pilger, no tiene base. Desvaux (10) al término de la diagnosis dice que el rudimento del pedicelo de una segunda flor es siempre mas corto que la cuarta parte de la palleta inferior, algunas veces pestafiado en el vértice, y pocas lineas antes dice que las espiguillas son ovales, uniflores, presentando generalmente un rudimento del pedicelo de segunda flor. La primera de estas citaciones de la diagnosis dada por Desvaux ha servido seguramente de base para que la interpretacion del rudimento de segunda flor quede relacionada a nuestra Relchela panicoides. Sin embargo, Agrostis sesquiflora Desv. esta afortunadamente muy bien definido e ilustrado en la Flora de Claudio Gay, y evidentemente nada existe de comun con Relchela.’° A. sesquiflora alcanza de 30-35 cm.;" laminas 5—7.5 cm. de largo, 1.5—2 mm. de ancho, vainas lisas; panojas 5-7.5 cm.; espiguillas estrictamente unifloras con un rudimento de raquilla angosta, cilindrica, que alcanza a la cuarta parte de la glumela; glumas uninerviadas, 2—2.5 mm.; glumela 1, 5-nerviada, membranosa, delgada, 2 mm. de largo; palea de la misma consistencia que la glumela, 2-nerviada, mas corta y truncada en el vértice; callo glabro; lodiculos oval-alargados, enteros; anteras 0.4—-0.5 mm. de largo; ovario ovoideo con los estilos naciendo casi juntos; caryopsis cilindroideo, de 1 mm., glabro, de hilio punctiforme E] rudimento de segunda flor de las especies de Agrostis ha sido también observado en algunas especies norteamericanas, e Hitchcock (13) lo expresa como caracter fundamental en su clave. Por otro lado —y esto hasta donde nos ha sido posible observar — 8Determinacion del Dr. Annie E. Jenne del Departamento de dase ipeieecay Wash- ington, D. C., y comprobado se R. Orton, especialista en el g SEI t de Desvaux se comp a 4 especimenes y 4 culmos ae una base meses un rizoma delgado, ae 2.5 cm. de largo; los culmos de 18-30 cm. de altura, hojosos en la Pes laminas planas, flexibles las paniculas de 43 —7 cm., dk ae es as A su uelta as. La etiqueta tiene ano tado: “Desv. 3, Agrostis sesquiflora Des * [manuscrito “gel autor]. En etiqueta de Gay: “185 m.ch.antuco Chil Province de RO Trig 10Seran considerados sinénimos de esta especie: Briza Sere (Desv.) Pilger y Deyeusia hy egies Benth. & a ok. f. ex Jackso Claudio Joseph 4229, Yumbel, Jan. 1928 (US. no. ee Herb. R. A. Philippi, s.n., Banos de Chillan, Jan. 1877 (us. no. 556343). 216 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XXII Agrostis sesquiflora parece ser una especie que habita la alta cordillera andina. Nuestra especie, en cambio, queda localizada principalmente en el valle central y los cordones de la cordillera de la costa. MATERIAL ESTUDIADO. VatparaAiso: Otto Buchtien s.n., Valparaiso, Agosto, 1894 (US. no. 1099593). Curic6: Claudio Joseph 4269, Curico, Enero, 1928 (US. no. 1423606); Claudio Joseph 4254, Curicé, Enero, 1928 (US. no. 1423597). ConcepciONn: Claudio Joseph 5714, Concepcion, Nov. 1927 (US. no. 1423625); Claudio Joseph 4602, Concepcion, San Pedro, Oct. 1926 (US. no. 1299006); Claudio Joseph 182, Concepcion, Oct. 1925 (US. no., 1258854); F. W. Neger s.n., Concepcidn (US. no 1129015); Claudio Joseph 4212, Tomé, Nov. 1929 (US. no. 1283793): Claudio Joseph 5713, Concepcion, Nov. 1927 (US. no. 1423624). Maute: R. A. Philippi 559, Prov. Maule (US. no. 1761968). NuBLe: E.W. D.& M. M. Holway 277, Recinto, Jan. 1920. Cautin: Claudio Joseph 4664, Temuco, Dec. 1926 (US. no. 1299005); E.W. D.& M.M. Holway 167, Temuco, Nov. 1919. Va.pivia: Otto Buchtien, s.n., Valdivia, Sept. 1905 (US. no. 1099592); H. Gunckel 2812, Cerros del Bols6n, Corral, Dec. 1931 (US. no. 1538160); H. Gunckel 1512, Amargos, Feb. 1930 (US. no. 1502456); Claudio Joseph 2644, Pangui- pulli, Enero, 1924 (US. no. 1198570). LLANquIHUE: Fr. Vidal Gormaz s.m., Maullin (SGO. no. 226). Sin Locattmpap: R. A. Philippi (SGO. no. 589) (US. no. 556334); R. A. Philippi (SGO. no. 20) (US. no. 1761969); Philippi, Chile (NY). Agradecimientos: El] trabajo fué realizado bajo la direccion de Dr. Agnes Chase, a cargo del Herbario de Gramineas del Museo Nacional, en Washington, y a quien expresamos nuestro mas sincero aprecio y reconocimiento por su inteligente ayuda y critica. A Dr. Jason R. Swallen, del Departamento de Agricultura, por su critica en la discusién de la posicion sistematica del género, los hacemos extensivos. SUMMARY (1) The genus Relchela Steudel has been ignored or misinterpreted since its erection, and its only species, Relchela panicoides Steudel, has been considered an anomalous species of Agrostis, Calamagrostis, and more recently as the type-species of a new section of Briza. (2) Because of its well-defined floral characters, Relchela has a definite phylogenetic and taxonomic status and belongs to the tribe Festuceae, subtribe Festucinae. (3) Agrostis sesquiflora Desy. and Relchela panicoides Steudel being 1941] MUNOZ, RELCHELA PANICOIDES STEUDEL 217 compared with Briza sesquiflora (Desv.) Pilger, based on the former, Pilger’s combination is invalid. (4) A new diagnosis is given for critical type-material and isotypes, and a new synonymy as well. (5) Spikelets formed by a single floret are interpreted as cleisto- gamous elements. (6) The species is a host to Phyllachora graminis (Pers.) Fkl. BIBLIOGRAFIA x ARBER, Acnes (1934). Gramineae. A study of Cereal, Bamboo, and Gra appre 2. BENTHAM, G. (1881). Notes on Gramineae. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 14-134. 3. ———— and J. D. Hooker (1883). Genera Plantarum 3 (2). London. 4. Brews, J. W. (1929). The World’s Grasses. London. 5. CHASE, ares (1908). Notes on cleistogamy of grasses. Bot. Gaz. 45: 135-1 6. ———— aie Notes on Genera of Paniceae. IV. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 24: 103-159. 7. ———— (1918). Axillary cleistogenes in some American grasses. Am. Jour. Bot. 5: 254-258. 8. ———— (1924). Aciachne, a cleistogamous grass of the high Andes. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 364-3 . Datta Torre, C. G. & H. HarMs (1900-07). Genera Siphono- gamarum. Lipsiae. 10. Desvaux, E. (1853). Gramineas, in Gay, Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile, Botanica 6: 233-469; Atlas Bins, Fanerogam, lam. 74-83 \o 11. Hacket, E. estes The true grasses. New York. 12. ————_ _ (19 a Sulla cleistogamia nelle Graminacee. Revis. Arg. Agron. 4: 1-2 13. Hircucock, A. S. (1935). Manual of the grasses of the United States. U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Publ. 200. Washington 14. Hupparp, C. E. (1934). Gramineae, in Hutchinson, T The families of flowering plants, 2: 199- London 15. Jackson, B. D. (1895). Index Reweass 1: 740. London. 16. Paropr, L. R. (1920). Notas sobre las especies de Briza de la flora Argentina. Revis. Fac. Agron. y Vet. [Univ. Buenos Aires] 3: 113-138. 17. Puivippr, R. A.j (1857-58). Plantarum novarum = Chilensium. Linnaea 29: 1- ilo, 18. ————— (1864-65). Plantarum novarum Chilensium. Linnaea 33: 1-308. 19. Pricer, R. (193 Uber die systematische aE und Nomen- klatur einiger Oe Gattungen. Repert. Sp. Nov. 45: 1-8. 218 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII 20. Steupet, E. G. (1854-55). Synopsis plantarum graminearum. Stuttgartiae. EXPLICACION DE LA LAMINA . Lodiculos de los mismos X 20. Fig. A. Habitat, Vidal Gormaz, afio 1874. X 1. Fig. 1. Espiguilla mostrando los dos antecios y la raquilla pubescente. Fig. 2. Primer antecio. Fig. 3. Segundo antecio y prolongacion de la raquilla. Fig. 4. Palea vista ventralmente. Fig. 5. La misma desde el dorso. [Dibujados del tipo, & 20]. Fig. 6. Caryopsis normal < 40 (Joseph 5819). Fig. 7. Caryopsis de elementos cleistogamicos K 40 (Tipo). 8. Organos sexuales < 20 (Isotipo, Hb, Pittier & Durand). 9 0 = =< - . Mapa mostrando la distribucién geografica en la parte centro- sur de Chile. WASHINGTON, D. C. PLATE I XXII Jour. ArNotp Arr. Vol. a eS RELCHELA PANICOIDES Steudel 1941] SMITH, CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR IN CATALPA HYBRIDA 219 CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR IN CATALPA HYBRIDA SPAETH E. CHALMERS SMITH* AccorDING to Seward (1931), the genus Catalpa Scop. of the Big- noniaceae is represented in fossil deposits in what was an Oligocene river estuary on the Isle of Wight. There is reason to believe that the genus, in common with other genera of that time, was more widely distributed then than now. Catalpa is now represented by about ten species in North America, the West Indies and eastern Asia (Rehder, 1940). Catalpa ovata Don is native to China and isa cultivated tree in Japan. Catalpa bignonioides Walt. and C. speciosa Warder are both North American species. These three are the common cultivated catalpas of this region. A natural hybrid appeared when C. ovata was introduced into this country in 1849 and was planted near the native species in Indiana (Sargent, 1889). This hybrid was thought to be the cross C. ovata C. bignonioides and is known as Catalpa hybrida Spaeth (Teas’ Hybrid Catalpa). According to Sargent this tree is more vigorous and of more rapid growth than either the American or the Chinese parent. It sets good crops of seed and shows segregation in the F., generation. In 1911 Dr. E. M. East made the reciprocal cross, C. bignonioides C. ovata at the Connecticut Experiment Station. This cross resulted in a numerous progeny identical with the natural hybrid, very vigorous, and five to ten times more productive in amount of seed produced than either parent. These seeds were well developed and fertile. A sample tested in the incubator gave 51% viability (Jones and Filley, 1920). The fact that this species hybrid is fertile and segregates in the second generation indicates that the parents probably have the same chromosome number and that their chromosomes are similar in struc- ture. The haploid chromosome number of C. syringaefolia Sims (= C. bignonioides Walt.) has been reported by Scheu to be = 20 (Tischler, 1936). Aceto-carmine smears of pollen mother cells from C. ovata, C. bignonioides, and C. hybrida clearly show the haploid num- ber of chromosomes to be 20. In addition, smears of seedling root tips of C. speciosa show the diploid number in this species to be 40. Up to this time few chromosome numbers have been determined in this large *Maria Moors Cabot Foundation Fellow. 220 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VoL. Xx family. The haploid chromosome number of 20 seems to be common to one other genus, Campsis Lour. (Sax, 1933). The chromosomes of C. ovata and C. bignonioides pair regularly and show no irregularities in any stage of the meiotic divisions or microspore formation. Both species are highly fertile, showing from 90-95% mor- phologically good pollen in counts of 2000 pollen grains. Catalpa hybrida exhibits a similar behavior. The chromosomes pair regularly at the first meiotic division and there is no evidence of lagging chromosomes or inversion bridges at either the first or second meiotic divisions. Neither is there any indication of polyspory. The fertility of this hybrid corresponds to that of the parent species. These conclusions are based upon the examination of twenty-five metaphase and anaphase plates of each of the meiotic divisions for the species concerned. The species C. ovata of eastern Asia and C. bignonioides of North America have evidently been isolated for a long period of time, and yet their chromosomes seem to have undergone no fundamental change in structure. There seems some reason to believe that a similar condition exists in the case of C. ovata and C. speciosa, for a cross made between these two species in the Arnold Arboretum in 1940 has set a quantity of well developed seed. Among the reports of fertile F, hybrids between geographically iso- lated species which have appeared in the literature are those of several hybrids between woody species. Platanus acerifolia (Ait.) Willd., a hybrid between P. occidentalis L. and P. orientalis L., shows complete chromosome pairing and segregation at meiosis accompanied by high fertility (Sax, 1933). Larix eurolepis Henry, the hybrid L. leptolepis (Sieb. and Zucc.) Gord. (= L. Kaempferi Sarg.) L. decidua Mill. rep- resents a cross betweeen a Japanese and an European species. A study of meiosis in this hybrid (Sax, 1932) shows almost complete pairing of the chromosomes with about 9% morphologically imperfect pollen as opposed to complete pairing and 2—3% morphologically imperfect pollen found in the parent species. In addition the average chiasma frequency is approximately the same in both parents and the hybrid. Campsis Tagliabuana (Vis.) Rehd., a hybrid between an Asiatic and a North American species, shows complete chromosome pairing but is partially sterile. 1941] SMITH, CHROMOSOME BEHAVIOR IN CATALPA HYBRIDA 221 LITERATURE CITED Jones, D. F. & W. O. Fittey (1920). Teas’ Hybrid Catalpa. Jour. Hered. 11: 1-9. Renper, A. (1940). Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs, Ed. 2. Mac- millan Co., N. Y. SarGENT, C. S. (1889). A hybrid Catalpa. Garden and Forest 2: 303-305. 3,0, 0an » Fae See Chromosome pairing in Larix species. Jour. Arnold Arb. 13: 368-37 Sax, K. eave ‘sre hybrids in Platanus and Campsis. Jour. Arnold Arb. 14: 274— SEWARD, A. C. penn Plant life through the ages. Macmillan Co., N.Y. TIscHLER, G. (19 ere Pflanzliche Chromosomen — Zahlen. Tabulae Biologicae 12: 57-115. BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 222 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. xx A NOTE ON THE DATES OF PUBLICATION OF WIGHT’S “ICONES PLANTARUM INDIAE ORIENTALIS.” E. D. MERRILL THE basic information on the dates of issue of the various parts of this important work, consisting as it does of 2101 plates and accompany- ing descriptive text, is that supplied by Wight himself.* In the preface to the last volume, dated January 20, 1853, he states that the last part was issued in March, 1853. Here he gives the year and the month of issue of most of the parts, and his data, which are frequently over- looked except by experienced bibliographers, are repeated below, for even Pritzel, ‘“Thesaurus” ed. 2, 346, no. 10246. 1877, gives only the inclusive dates 1840—56 for the six volumes, although in the first edition of that work, 1851, p. 322, no. 11222, he does give the dates of publi- cation of the first three volumes as 1(1838-40), 2(1842), and 3(1843- 47). Wight’s data are repeated below, verbatim: “Vol. I Nos. 2, 3, oa 21-60) Sept. 1838. Nos. 4, 5, (61-100) Nov. 1838. Nos. 6, 7, 8, (101-161) June 1839 No. 9, (162-181) Aug. 1839. No. 10, (182-201 ) Sept. 1839 Nos, 11, 12, (202-241) Nov. 1839. Nos. 13, 14, (242-279) Feb. 1840 Nos. 15, 16, (280-318) May 1840. Vol. Il (319-736 ) 1840-1843. Vol. III. Parts I. II. III. (737-1046) 1843 to Nov. 1845. Part IV. (1047-1162) Sept. 1846. Vol. IV. Part I. (1163-1282) Jan. 1848. Part II. (1283-1403) Aug. 1848. Part III. (1404-1501 ) Apr. 1849. Part IV. (1502-1621) May 1850. Vol. V. Part I. Orchideae, (1622-1762) May 1851. Part II. (1763-1920) Jan. 1852. Vol. VI. (1921-2101) Mar. 1853.” *WiGHT, R. Icones plantarum Indiae Orientalis 6: viii. 1853. 1941] MERRILL, DATES OF PUBLICATION OF WIGHT’S ICONES 223 The record is complete except for volume one, number one (plates 1-20), volume two (parts 1-4, plates 319-736), and volume three (parts 1-3, plates 737-1046). A fascicle cover for volume 1, no. 1, is dated 1838, and in his prospectus Wight states that no. 1 was to appear in July of that year; thus 1838 can safely be accepted as the date of issue of this part. It is worthy of note that the first twenty plates forming number one bear the numbers 35, 73, 160, 171, 176, 178, 189, 197, 198, 198[bis], 198[ter], 205, 334, 339, 341, 342, 396, 467, 513, and 723. These figures apply to the numbers of the species as described in Wight and Arnott’s “Prodromus” published in 1834. These plates, in sequence, shouid = numbered 1 to 20, for while Wight added the forms 3';, +% etc., in his published explanations of the plates and brief LA he did not commence to print these fractional forms on the plates until number two appeared. This system of numbering is obscure until one realizes that where the fractional form of numbering appears on the plates and in the text, the numerator represents the sequence of plate numbers for the “Icones” (this to be cited), and the denominator is the species number in Wight and Arnott’s ‘“Prodromus florae Indiae Orientalis” (1834). After number one appeared, Nathaniel Wallich, then Superintendent of the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, placed at Wight’s disposal the unpublished drawings prepared under the direction of William Roxburgh, and now preserved in the library of that institution. The use of these Roxburgh drawings is explained by Wight in a notice issued with the second number of the “Icones’”’; these illustrations, as reproduced by Wight, all bear the legend “Roxburghianae.” This is mentioned to emphasize the importance of these particular illustrations, for they graphically represent numerous species actually described by Roxburgh in his ‘Flora Indica” ed. 1, 1(1820), 2(1824), and ed. 2, 1-3(1832). Wight’s original plan of publication was to issue twenty plates, with descriptive text, as individual numbers, and this plan was approximately followed for those parts forming volume one. Beginning with volume two this plan was changed to one involving fewer and larger parts, the four forming volume two containing from 98 to 116 plates each, this system being continued to the end of the work. In reference to volume two, I: have no information as to the dates of issue other than Wight’s own statement (Icones 6: viii. 1853) that of volume two, plates 319-736 were issued from 1840 to 1843; the title page date is 1843. As plates 319-416 form part one, we can rather safely assume that this part was issued in 1840. Part four includes plates 632 to 736 and clearly appeared in 1843. This leaves plates 417 to 631, forming parts two and three, for 224 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VvoL. Xx which more definite dates of issue are as yet unknown, other than the inclusive period 1840-43, although it seems probable that they may have been issued in 1841-42. For volume three it is now possible to add some supplementary in- formation regarding the dates of issue from a fascicle cover, and its accompanying notice, recently received at the Arnold Arboretum. Wight states (Icones 6: viii. 1853) that parts one to three of this volume appeared from 1843 to November 1845. The fascicle cover of number one of volume three bears the printed date 1843, but it was clearly not issued until 1844. In the notice accompanying this part, in explaining the delay in the issue of his “Illustrations of Indian Botany,” Wight states regarding the latter: “Immediately on publication of the last part [of the “Illustrations” ] published (Part 1, Vol. 2) he was under the necessity of packing up the whole of his collections preparatory to leaving Madras and up to the present hour, (May 1, 1844) [italics mine | the greater part of them are unavoidably still in the packing cases.” Thus part one of volume three of the “Icones” could not have been issued before May, 1844. As the list on the inside of the back cover of the fascicle cover included plates 737 to 815, we can safely assume that the year of publication of these was 1844 (not 1843), and probably in May of that year. For volume three, part three, plates 618 to 930, and the text of plates 931 and 932, repeated in volume three, part two, no additional data are available other than that the part was issued in 1844-45. Part three, including plates 931 to 1046, appeared in Novem- ber, 1845 (Wight’s own statement), and the remainder of the volume, plates 1047-1162, in September, 1846* (again Wight’s own statement). Summarizing we can thus narrow the dates of publication of the parts-discussed, as follows: Vol. 1, No. 1, pl. 1-20 (July?) 1838 Vol. 2, Part 1, pl. 319-416 1840 Part 2, pl. 417-514 1840-43 (probably 1841) Part 3, pl. 515-631 1840-43 (probably 1842) Part 4, pl. 632-736 43 18 Vol. 3, Part 1, pl. 737-815 (May?) 1844 Part 2, pl. 816-930 1844-45 Part 3, pl. 931-1046 (Nov.) 1845 Part 4, pl. 1047-1162 (Sept.) 1846 ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HarvarpD UNIVERSITY. *PritzEL, G. A. Thesaurus literaturae botanicae ed. 1, 322, no, ara 1851, states that volume three, parts 1 ha 4, plates 737-1162, appeared in 1843-4 shown above that the first part, plates 737-815, Bene not have appea ared before May, 1844, but the last part, plates 1047-1162, may not have been issued until 1847. 1941] STEARN, BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 225 LEDEBOUR’S “FLORA ROSSICA,” “ICONES PLANTARUM NOVARUM,” AND “FLORA ALTAICA,” WITH A NOTE ON PALLAS’ “FLORA ROSSICA.” WILLIAM’ T. STEARN Amonc the many German naturalists who labored under the Tzars and Tzarinas of Russia to make known the vegetation and fauna of that vast realm, Carl Friedrich von LepEBour (1785-1851) holds an honored place for being the first man to complete a comprehensive flora, one with detailed descriptions and synonymy, covering northern Asia, the Caucasus, and Alaska, as well as European Russia. Such a work, with colored folio plates and on too grand a scale ever to be finished, was begun by Catherine the Great’s favorite, Peter Simon Patias (1741- 1811), but only two parts of his Flora Rossica were published. LEpE- BouR’s Flora Rossica sive Enumeratio Plantarum in totius Imperii Rossict Provinctis Europaeis, Asiaticis et Americanis' hucusque observa- tarum is in more modest but more practical octavo format, without illustrations but including a map. Its publication began at Stuttgart in 1841 and ended in 1853, two years after Ledebour’s death. Alexander von BuNGE (1803-1890) wrote the account of Pedicularis; Eduard FENzL (1808-1879) the account of Alsineae, Amarantaceae, Gypsophila, Paronychieae, Phytolaccaceae, Salsolaceae, Sclerantheae; August H. R. GRISEBACH (1814-1879) the account of Gramineae; Ernst H. F. MEYER (1791-1858) the account of Juncaceae; Ludolph Christian TREvrRANUS (1799-1864) the account of Carex. According to Trautvetter, it includes 6522 species (5398 Dicotyledons, 1040 Monocotyledons, 84 Cryptogams). Few botanists are aware that this work, like many other floras, came out in parts; hence citations from it are not always cor- rectly dated. The contents of the parts of Ledebour’s Flora Rossica and their probable dates of issue as revealed by contemporary notices, notably those in the weekly Allgemeine Bibliographie fur Deutschland (Leipzig), Botanische Zeitung (Berlin), J. C. Hinrichs, Verzeichniss neuer Biicher (Leipzig), and the Leipziger Repertorium der deutschen und auslandischen Literatur, herausgegeben von E. G. Gersdorf (Leip- zig), are as follows: 1“America Rossica,” i. e. Alaska, did not become United States territory until 867. 226 Fasc. Fasc. Fasc. Fasc. Fasc. Fasc. Fasc. i. 2: JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Contents text pp. 1-240, Conspectus pp. 1-8, Praefatio etc. pp. ili—XVv1 text pp. 241-480, Conspectus pp. 9-16 . text pp. 481-790 VOLUME 1 Date 1841 (late ) 1842 ( probably October ) 1843 Conspectus pp. 17-22 (probably text pp. 1-204 . text pp. 205-462 . text pp. 718, Conspectus pp. 1-13 . text pp. 719-937, Conspectus pars 2 pp. 1-12, Fl. Ross. Fontes pp. i-vi. March) VOLUME 2 1843 (probably September ) 1844 ( probably July) 1845 (probably August ) 1846 (probably August ) Authority Hinrichs, Verz. Juli—Dec. 1841: 148; Gersdorf, Rep. 32: 234 (1842). Bailliére invoice to British Museum dated 18 Nov. 1842; Flora 25, II: 765 (Dec. 1842); Hinrichs, Verz. Juli-Dec. 1842: 145; Leipz. Rep. 1, I: 333 (Feb. 1843); Archiv. f. Naturg. 8, 11: 416 (1843) Allg. Bibl. 1843: 116 (27 April 1843); Bot. Zeit. 1: 402 (June 1843); Hin- richs, Verz. Jan.—Juni 1843: 115. Bot. Zeit. 2: 730 (18 Oct. 1843); Allg. Bibl. 1843: 348 (16 Nov. 1843) ; Hin- richs, Verz. Juli—Dec. 1843: 127; Letpa, Rep. 1, IV: 456 (Dec. 1843). Allg. Bibl. 1844: 252 (15 Aug. 1844); Bot. Zeit. 2: 730 (Oct. 1844) ; Hinrichs, Verz. Juli-Dec. 1844: 144; Archiv. f. Naturg. 10, II: 378 (1844). Bot. Zeit. 3: 617 (12 Sept. 1845); Allg. Bibl. 1845: 308 (2 Oct. 1845); Leipz. Rep. 3, IV: 195 (Oct. 1845); Hinrichs, Verz. Juli—Dec. 1845: 139. Bot, Zeit. 4: 621 (4 Sept. 1846); Allg. Bibl. 1846: 300 (17 Sept. 1846); Leipz. Rep. 4, 1V: 76 (Oct. 1846); Hinrichs, Verz. Juli-Dec. 1846: 136 1941] Fasc. Fasc. Fasc. Fasc. Fasc. Fasc. asc: Vis “a. ne 14. STEARN, BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 227 VoL_uME 3, part 1 Contents Date text pp. 1-256 (probably October ) . text pp. 257-4 1849 Conspectus pp. -“ 13 (probably June ) VoLUME 3, part 2 . text pp. 493-684, 1850 Conspectus pp. 1-4 (probably November ) text pp. 685-863, 1851 Conspectus pp. 5-8 (probably December ) VOLUME 4 text pp. 1-240 1852 ( probably April) text pp. 241-464 1852 ( probably September ) text pp. 465-741, 185 Conspectus pp. 1-16 ( probably une ) Authority Allg. Bibl. 1847: 364 (4 Nov. 1847); Bot. Zeit. 5: 871 (Dec. 1847); Hin- richs, Verz. Juli-Dec. 7: 163. Allg. Bibl. 1849: 220 (12 July 1849) ; Leipz. Rep. 7, IIT: 238 (July 1849) ; Hin- richs, Verz. Juli—Dec. 1849: 130; Wikstrom, Ars- beratt. 1849: 125 (1852). Allg. Bibl, 1850: 461 (5 Dec. 1850) ;: Wikstrom, Ars- beratt. 1850: 139 (1854) ; Leipz. Rep. 9, I: 113 (Jan. 1851); Hinrichs, Verz. Jan.—Juni 1851: 144; Bot. Zeit. 9: 199 (March 1851). Allg. Bibl, 1852: 9 (8 Jan. 1852); Hinrichs, Verz. Jan.—Juni 1852: 149; Bot. Zeit. 10: 134 (Feb. 1852) ; Wikstrom, Ars-beratt. 1851: 103 (1855). Allg. Bibl. 1852: 160 (20 May 1852): Hinrichs, Verz. Jan.—Juni 1852: 149; Bot. Zeit. 10: 723 (Oct. 1852) ; Leipz. Rep. 10, III: 52 (1852) : Wikstrom, Ars- beratt. 1851: 111 (1855). Allg. Bibl. 1852: 379 (21 Oct. 1852): Hinrichs, Verz. Juli-Dec. 1852: 151 Wikstrom, Ars-beratt. 1851: 111 (1855); Leipz. Rep. 11, I: 120 (1853). Allg. Bibl. 1853: 229 (14 July 1853): Bot. Zeit. 11: 630 (Sept. 1853); Hin- . 1853: 173: Leipz. Rep. i, 4V * 52 (1853). 228 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxX Ledebour’s Jcones Plantarum novarum vel imperfecte cognitarum Floram Rossicam, imprimis Altaicam, illustrantes (5 vols., folio, with colored plates; Riga etc.) was also published in parts. A copy in the Lindley Library with the original wrappers preserved supplies the following data: fasc. 6c , “cc 51-100 ; ae eel; tt. 1-50 \ — “ 151-200 1 1, 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 1, “ 201-250 — 1831 “ 3° “ 2, 251-300 — 1832 4 1, “ 301-350 | 4 2, “ 351-400 f 5 1, “ 401-450 | 5 2, “ 451-500 f 1833 , 1834 Ledebour’s Flora Altaica (4 vols. and index, octavo: Berlin) provides detailed text to the Jcones. This work, which was written in collabora- tion with his one-time pupils, Carl Anton Meyer (1795-1855) and Alexander von BUNGE (1803-1890), is based on an expedition to the Little (or Siberian) Altai region of Central Asia made by the three in 1826. Their travels extended from Dorpat to Barnaul, Zmeyeva (Schlangenberg), Krasnoyarsk, the source of the river Charysh (Tscharysh) etc., the Riddersk mine and about 120 miles eastward over the Altai mountains. For a detailed account, see their Reise durch das Altai-Gebirge und die Soongorische Kirgisen-Steppe (2 vols., octavo, and atlas of plates, quarto; Berlin, 1829-30). The Flora Altaica was not published in parts but a whole volume at a time, as follows: Vol. 1, pp. xxiv + 440... 1829 (probably second half) “ 2, pp. xvi + 464 . 1830 “ 7 . “3, pp. viii + 368 ... 1831 7 = “ “ 4, pp. xiv + 336 ... 1833 . J ' “ Index, pp. xcvi .... 1833 (thus dated but probably 34, cf. Hinrichs, Verz. Juli-Dec. 1834: 121) Ledebour was born in Pomerania at Greifswald in 1786 (fide Flora 34: 416. 1851) or at Stralsund on 8th July 1786 (fide Pritzel, who is more likely to be correct). In his nineteenth year he was appointed associate professor (“‘ausserordentlicher Professor”) of Botany and 1941] STEARN, BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 229 director of the botanic garden at Greifswald. From here in 1810 or 1811, after seeking information about Russia from Pallas, who was then living in Berlin, Ledebour moved to Dorpat as professor of botany, mineralogy, and zoology; much of the next twenty-five years he devoted to the botanical exploration of Russia from the Baltic to the Black Sea and east to the Altai mountains. To prepare the better his Flora Rossica he retired from Dorpat in 1836, his former pupil Bunge succeeding him as professor, and returned to Germany, living first at Heidelberg, then at Munich, where he died on 4th July 1851, having completed the text a few months before his death. P. S. Patras, Flora Rossica seu Stirpium Imperti Rossici per Europam et Asiam indigenarum Descriptiones et Icones, Vol. 1 pars 1 consisting of pp. viii + 80, tt. 1-8, 8B, 9-50 (1784); pars 2 consisting of pp. 114, tt. 50 (1788); extra plates 1-25 (1831); cf. B. D. Jackson in Jour. Bot. 38: 189 (1900). Unfortunately both parts lack indices; the following are the genera (most of them nowadays divided into smaller genera) included: r 1:8, Amygdalus 1:12, Andromeda 2:53, Arbutus 2:48, Atragene 2: 69, aie 2:51, Berberis 2:41, Betula 1:60, Boletus 1:3, Buxus 2:17, Carpinus 2:6, Celtis 2:19, Colutea 2:88, Corispermum 2: 112, Cornus 2: 22 eee 24, Cupressus 2: 11, Cynoglossum 2:96, Cytisus 1:73, Daphne B70; Diospvics 2:20, Elaeagnus (Eleagrus) 1:10, Empetrum 2:49, fo heles 2:87, Erica 2:59, Fagus 2:5, Ficus 2:44, Fraxinus 2:7, Gentiana : tr Olea 2: 19, Paeonia 2: 92, Pallasia 270; Pariploce: 2: 68, Philadelphus 2: 59, Pinus 1: l..-Pistacitar2d: zl, .Platanus 231,.brunus 13 154 Punica. 23167; Pyrus Sorbus 1:28, Spiraea 1: 32, Giepie ies i AER VE Swertia 2:98, Tamarix 2:72, Taxus 2:17, Tilia 2:8, Ulmus 1:75, Vaccinium 2:45, Viburnum 2:30, Viscum 2:91, Vitex 2:44, Vitis 2: 40. According to the English traveler Edward Daniel CLARKE (1769- 1822), who lodged with Pallas at Simferopol (Achmedchid) in the Crimea for two months in 1800, the drawings for the last two volumes were then all finished and the text needed little addition, but owing to the tyrannical rule of the mad Tzar Paul, they could not be published in Russia. The plates for the first part of vol. 2 had been printed by March, 1800, but the descriptive matter had not then arrived at Petrograd from Germany. Clarke says that the Russian authorities confiscated the proof-sheets sent to Pallas from Leipzig. Hence the extremely rare 25 extra plates listed by Jackson are all of vol. 2 that 230 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXII saw the light; they are without text. See E. D. Clarke, Travels 1: 458 (1810) and W. Otter, Life and Remains of Edward Daniel Clarke, 2:9, 59, 65, 87 (1825). An English life of Pallas is contained in the volume on dogs by Charles Hamilton Smith in William Jardine’s Naturalist’s Library 9: 17-76 (1839). LINDLEY LIBRARY, RoyaL HortTicuLTuRaAL Society, Lonpon, ENGLAND. 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, II 231 STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, II* A. C. SMITH MONIMIACEAE IN stupy1InGc the Monimiaceae of the area under consideration, the basic works of Perkins and Gilg (Pflanzenr. 4 (IV. 101). 1901) and Perkins (Pflanzenr. 49 (IV. 101. Nachtr.). 1911; Bot. Jahrb. 52: 191- 218. 1915) are of inestimable importance. By far the greater part of the Papuasian material available to these workers was collected in Northeastern New Guinea, and hence it is not surprising that the collec- tions of the Archbold Expeditions, from British and Netherlands New Guinea, contain a considerable percentage of novelties. Many of the present specimens are in fruiting condition, particularly in the genus Kibara; however, this genus is readily recognizable in fruit, and since foliage and fruit characters appear the most important in specific identification, I have ventured to describe as new three species of Kibara without flowers. The generic limits recognized by Perkins are accepted in this treatment, and the sequence established by her is followed. I have been privileged to examine the material deposited in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden (NY) as well as that in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum (A) ; the place of deposit is shown by the parenthetical letters, in the absence of which the speci- men is to be found only at the Arnold Arboretum. Type fragments and original drawings of many of Perkins’ species in the Gray Herbarium have greatly facilitated my work. Hepycarya Forst. Hedycarya solomonensis Hemsl. Kew Bull. 1895: 137. 1895; Perk. Pflanzenr. 49 (IV. 101. Nachtr.): 6.1911. Sotomon IsLANps: Bougainville: Koniguru, Buin, alt. 800— 950 m., Kajewski 1995, 2058. Guadalcanal: Berandie River, sea-level, Kajewski 2384; Uulolo, Tutuve Mt., alt. 1200 m., Kajewski 561 The species, apparently previously known only from the type col- lection from San Cristoval, is common in rain-forest over a wide alti- tudinal range, according to Kajewski. He reports it as a tree up to *(Botanical Results of the Richard Archbold Expeditions) See Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: 60-80. 1941. 232 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII 20 m. high, known by the local names of Kokobila (Bougainville) and Maroi or Undie (Guadalcanal); the natives make a poultice from the leaves and apply it to sores. The ripe fruits are black, on a yellow receptacle. Another specimen from Bougainville which may also represent the species is Kajewski 1887 (Kugumaru, Buin, alt. 150 m.; tree to 12 m. high, in rain-forest; native name: Cher-rau). This plant has leaf-blades up to 30 cm. long and 11 cm. broad and is more robust throughout than those cited above. It may represent an undescribed species, but the variation within species of Hedycarya is unusually pronounced; addi- tional material is desired before the extreme limits of H. solomonensis are known. LEVIERIA Becc. Levieria nitens Perk. in Perk. & Gilg, Pflanzenr. 4 (IV. 101): 21. 1901: Pflanzenr. 49 (IV. 101. Nachtr.): 7. f. 3, R, S. 1911; Bot. Jahrb. 52: 196. 1915; S. Moore, Jour. Bot. 61: Suppl. 41. 1923. British NEw GuINEA: Central Division, Dieni, Ononge Road, alt. 500 m., Brass 3805 (A, NY) (erect tree 20 m. tall, common in rain- forest, the bark brittle, dark brown, with a few scattered lenticels, the wood hard, brown, with numerous fine rays; leaves smooth, paler beneath; receptacle fleshy, yellow, the fruits orange-yellow). NErTHER- LANDS NEW GUINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 900 m., Brass 13086 (tree 7-8 m. high, common in mossy forest substage layer; receptacle orange, the fruits red). The species has previously been reported only from two collections by Forbes from Sogere. No. 13086 differs from the other in having its secondary nerves slightly more spreading, but it seems to fall into a reasonable concept of the species. Levieria squarrosa Perk. Bot. Jahrb. 52: 196. 1915. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1800 m., Brass 12253 (tree 3-4 m. high with weak . slender branches, occasional in mossy forest seral growths; receptacle yellow, the fruits black); 18 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, alt. 2150 m., Brass 12493 (weak slender tree 3-6 m. high, very abundant in young seral growths of mossy forest; receptacle fleshy, orange, the fruits reddish black). The cited specimens agree well with the description of L. Squarrosa, otherwise reported only from Ledermann’s collections in the neighboring Sepik River region of Northeastern New Guinea. A comparison with type material should be made before the Brass specimens are definitely taken as this species. 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, II 233 Levieria parvifolia sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva 2-3 m. alta ubique sub anthesi glabra, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus apicem versus stramineis demum cinereis; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petiolis 4-7 mm. longis, laminis tenuiter coriaceis vel chartaceis siccitate fusco-olivaceis elliptico-oblongis, 3—5 cm. longis, 1-2 cm. latis, basi acutis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice obtusis vel subacutis et inconspicue calloso-apiculatis, margine dentibus paucis (utrinsecus 2 vel 3) calloso-apiculatis ornatis et leviter recurvatis, costa supra valde prominula subtus subprominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 5-9 brevibus patentibus supra subimmersis vel leviter prominulis subtus manifeste elevatis, venulis inconspicuis subtus leviter prominulis; inflorescentiis @ paucis axillaribus plerumque unifloris, pedunculo gracili interdum ad 2 cm. longo bracteis 2- vel 3-jugis oppo- sitis oblongis subacutis ad 1 mm. longis saepe ornato interdum nullo, pedicello gracili 6-13 mm. longo; floribus late cupuliformibus sub anthesi 5—6 mm. diametro, receptaculo complanato, tepalis 4 incurvatis tenuiter coriaceis late deltoideis subacutis, circiter 2 mm. longis et 4 mm. latis; carpellis 35-40 congestis 1.5—-2 mm. longis leviter angulatis in stylum brevem subacutum desinentibus; receptaculo sub fructu coriaceo ad 8 mm. diametro, drupis maturis 1—5 ovoideis subacutis ad 9 mm. longis et 6 mm. latis. BritisH New Guinea: Central Division, Murray Pass, Wharton Range, alt. 2840 m., Brass 4630 (A, TYPE, NY), July 28, 1933 (forest substage tree or bush, loosely branched, 2-3 m. high; leaves shining, paler beneath; fruit smooth, yellow). Levieria parvifolia appears to be closely related to L. squarrosa Perk., differing in its smaller leaf-blades with fewer serrations and the apex acute or obtuse rather than obviously acuminate, and in the presence of obvious tepals on the pistillate flowers. IDENBURGIA Gibbs Idenburgia elaeocarpoides Gilg & Schlecht. Bot. Jahrb. 58: 247. 1923. NORTHEASTERN NEW GUINEA: Morobe District, Yunzaing, alt. 1350 m., Clemens 3978 (tree, on forest hill, the trunk 30 cm. diam.; fruit green) ; Ogeramnang, alt. 1800 m., Clemens 5122. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 18 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 2150 m., Brass 12661 (occasional subsidiary tree about 20 m. high, in mossy forest; leaves stiff, concave, very pale beneath; flowers white, fleshy; fruit red); Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2200 m., Brass 11078 (tree 14 m. high, in old secondary forest; leaves very pale beneath; fruit red); 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2740 m., 234 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXII Brass & Versteegh 10472 (tree 15 m. high, rare in mossy forest, the trunk 27 cm. diam., the crown not wide-spreading; immature flowers and fruits green; bark 5 mm. thick, black, fissured, rough; wood orange- colored). The differences between /. pachyphylla and J. elaeocarpoides, the two new species proposed by Gilg and Schlechter in their discussion of Idenburgia (Bot. Jahrb. 58: 244-248. f. 1, 2. 1923), do not seem very pronounced. Our material agrees better with the description of J. elaeocarpoides, being glabrous throughout, but it is quite possible that the two names will prove conspecific. Our specimens are all in fruit, Brass 12661 bearing flowers as well. The specimens available to Gilg and Schlechter apparently had uniformly 1-seeded fruits, but those cited above have about half of the fruits 2-seeded; the development to ma- turity of the second ovule appears to take place very frequently. The species has previously been reported only from Ledermann’s original collections in Northeastern New Guinea. Idenburgia pauciflora sp. nov. Arbor ad 3.5 m, alta, ramulis copiosis gracilibus subteretibus apicem versus densissime et arcte brunneo-tomentellis demum glabratis et cine- reis; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis vel interdum ad apices ramulorum verticillatis, petiolis gracilibus leviter canaliculatis ut ramulis tomentellis 6-11 mm. longis, laminis papyraceis vel chartaceis obovato-ellipticis, 5-7 cm. longis, 1.8-2.8 cm, latis, basi acutis vel subattenuatis, apice abrupte cuspidatis (apice ipso ad 6 mm. longo calloso), margine incon- spicue nigro-calloso-serrulatis (dentibus 4—8 per centimetrum), supra sic- citate brunneis et pilis debilibus pallidis paucis exceptis glabris, subtus pallidioribus et praecipue ad nervos et venulas pilis crispulis stramineis 0.4 mm. longis tomentellis, costa supra impressa subtus elevata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 5-8 brevibus subrectis anastomosantibus supra acute impressis subtus prominulis, venulis supra immersis subtus paullo prominulis; inflorescentiis solitariis terminalibus paucifloris brev- iter racemosis sub anthesi 6-15 mm. longis, pedunculo brevi (ad 3 mm. longo) et rhachi teretibus 1-1.5 mm. diametro dense stramineo- tomentellis (pilis circiter 0.4 mm. longis), rhachi cicatricibus florum delapsorum saepe congestis conspicue ornata; bracteis submem- branaceis ovato-oblongis obtusis, 4-4.5 mm. longis, circiter 2.5 mm. latis, extus pilis ad 0.7 mm. longis dense tomentellis, intus glabris, mox deciduis; floribus 6-10 per inflorescentiam mox caducis sub anthesi plerumque paucioribus, pedicellis crassis brevissimis (circiter 0.8 mm. longis) ut rhachi tomentellis; tepalis 4 membranaceis obovato- 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, II 235 orbicularibus mox caducis, circiter 2.5 mm. diametro, margine integris vel leviter undulatis, exterioribus ut bracteis extus conspicue tomentellis, interioribus utrinque glabris; staminibus circiter 8 glabris, filamentis carnosis complanatis circiter 0.2 mm. longis, antheris oblongis falcato- incurvatis 1.7—2 mm. longis, apice obtusis; gynaecio oblongo sub anthesi circiter 1.3 mm. longo et 1 mm. diametro, ovario pilis circiter 0.3 mm. longis dense stramineo-tomentello, stigmate sessili glabro pulvinato ob- scure lobato. NorTHEASTERN New GurINeA: Morobe District, Yunzaing, alt. about 1400 m., Clemens 3828 (typE), Aug. 11, 1936 (tree about 3.5 m. high, along forest trail; flowers cream-colored ). Idenburgia pauciflora is very distinct from the four species of the genus thus far known, being characterized by the small size of all its parts (leaves, inflorescences, and flowers) and the conspicuous tomentum of its branchlets, petioles, leaf-blades, and inflorescences. The tomen- tellous ovary appears to be especially noteworthy. In leaf-shape and size, the new species is perhaps most suggestive of J. movo-guineensis Gibbs, but characters of pubescence and inflorescence-size readily sepa- rate the two species. STEGANTHERA Perk. Steganthera Schumanniana Perk. Bot. Jahrb. 25: 565. 1898; Perk. & Gilg, Pflanzenr. 4 (IV. 101): 53. 1901; Kaneh. & Hatus. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 52: 355. 1938. NORTHEASTERN New GuINEA: Morobe District, Ogeramnang, alt. about 1600 m., Clemens 4840. The cited specimen agrees well with the two previously known, both from the same general region, but often has the leaf-blades with a few inconspicuous callose-apiculate teeth on each side. Steganthera ilicifolia sp. nov. Frutex monoecus ad 2.5 m. altus, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus ad nodos complanatis juventute purpurascentibus et inconspicue cinereo- strigillosis mox glabris et stramineis; foliis oppositis, petiolis rugosis canaliculatis mox glabris 4-7 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis elliptico- oblongis, 4.5-8.5 cm. longis, 1.5—4.5 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice acumi- natis (acumine 5-10 mm. longo calloso-apiculato), margine dentibus deltoideis conspicuis calloso-apiculatis utrinsecus 3-5 remote serratis, utrinque glabris, siccitate supra viridi-olivaceis subtus fuscis, costa supra valde elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 4—6 arcuatis anastomosantibus utrinque conspicue elevatis, venulis copiose reticulatis utrinque valde prominulis; inflorescentiis axillaribus pauci- 236 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. xx floris breviter paniculatis vel racemosis sub anthesi ad 1.5 cm. longis, ubique pilis fusco-cinereis 0.2-0.3 mm. longis inconspicue adpresso- strigosis demum glabris, bracteis oblongis 1-2 mm. longis caducis, rhachi pedicellisque gracilibus, pedicellis 2-4 mm. longis, bracteolis 2 apicem pedicelli versus insertis lineari-oblongis obtusis ad 1.5 mm. longis vel nullis; floribus ¢ subglobosis 2-2.5 mm. diametro, receptaculo urceolato carnoso circiter 0.5 mm. crasso intus glabro, tepalis 4 minutis inflexis anguste imbricatis deltoideis obtusis, 0.3-0.5 mm. longis, 0.5—1 mm. latis; staminibus 4 oblongis carnosis, circiter 0.8 mm. latis, exterioribus circiter 1.2 mm. longis, interioribus paullo brevioribus, filamentis brevi- bus glabris, aptheris apice rotundatis; floribus @ ut ¢ similibus vel paullo majoribus, apice mucronulatis, receptaculo intus obscure sericeo, tepalis subnullis; carpellis circiter 10 congestis parce et demum densiore pilosis 1.2-1.5 mm, longis, ovario ovoideo, stylo subulato; inflorescentiis sub fructu ad 3 cm. longis, receptaculo plerumque unico ad 6 mm. diametro, drupis maturis ut videtur 2-5 ovoideis ad 10 mm. longis et 8 mm. latis, breviter stipitatis, demum glabris, apice saepe apiculatis. BritisH New Guinea: Central Division, Murray Pass, Wharton Range, alt. 2840 m., Brass 4752 (A, TypE, NY), Aug. 8, 1933 (straggling bush up to 2.5 m. high, very common, forming small thickets in forest fringes and isolated forest patches; receptacle yellow, fleshy). This well-marked species appears most closely related to S. Schu- manniana Perk., from which it obviously differs in its smaller con- spicuously toothed leaf-blades with strongly prominulous venation, its more compact inflorescences, and its glabrous stamens. Steganthera elliptica sp. nov. Arbor parva ad 1.5 m. alta ubique praeter inflorescentiam parcissime cinereo-strigosam glabra, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus ad nodos com- planatis mox cinereis; foliis oppositis, petiolis gracilibus rugosis 5-13 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis ellipticis, 5-9.5 cm. longis, 3—5 cm. latis, basi obtusis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice obtusis vel breviter cuspidatis (apice ipso calloso-apiculato), margine dentibus minutis calloso-apicu- latis utrinsecus 3—5 remote serratis, siccitate utrinque fusco-viridibus, costa supra conspicue elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 4-6 leviter arcuatis marginem versus anastomosantibus supra subplanis subtus prominulis, venulis supra immersis subtus leviter prominulis; inflorescentiis axillaribus plerumque plurifloris paniculatis sub anthesi 3—8 cm. longis mox glabris, bracteis oblongis obtusis ad 1 mm. longis manifeste strigosis, pedicellis gracilibus ad 6 mm. longis saepe minute bibracteolatis; floribus ¢ ellipsoideis circiter 3 mm. longis et 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, II 237 2.5 mm. latis apice piloso-apiculatis, receptaculo carnoso urceolato intus dense brunneo-strigoso, tepalis subnullis, ore minuto; carpellis circiter 14 glabris 1.2-1.4 mm. longis, ovario oblongo- slincaden stylo minuto subacuto; receptaculis sub fructu plerumque (1—)2—5 per inflorescentiam coriaceis ad 1 cm. diametro, drupis maturis ut videtur 2-6 ovoideis ad 10 mm. longis et 6 mm. latis sessilibus subacutis. NORTHEASTERN NEw GuINEA: Morobe District, Ogeramnang, alt. about 1800 m., Clemens 5105 (TYPE), Jan. 23, 1937 (small tree 4 ft. high, in woods near water-supply; receptacle yellow, the fruits red) ; Mount Kudose Seggele, Ogeramnang, alt. 1850-2150 m., Clemens 4934 (small tree 4 ft. high, in forest; receptacle yellow, the fruits red). Steganthera elliptica is of the relationship of S. oblongiflora Perk. and S. atepala Perk., differing from both in its more completely glabrous habit and its elliptic and proportionately broader leaf-blades, which are sparsely serrate and obtuse or merely cuspidate rather than long-acumi- nate at apex. Steganthera insignis Perk. Pflanzenr. 49 (IV. 101. Nachtr.): 24. 1911; Bot. Jahrb. 52: 202. 1915; Diels in White, Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 214. 1929. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1250 m., Brass 13029 (small tree 2 m. high, in rain-forest undergrowth; receptacle orange-yellow, the fruits purple- black); 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, alt. 850 m., Brass 13464 (undergrowth tree 3 m. high, in rain-forest of river flood-plain; nodes of branches myrmecophilous; receptacle red, the fruits reddish brown). This curious plant has previously been reported only from North- eastern and British New Guinea. The species was confused with Antho- bembix hospitans (Becc.) Perk. by Perkins in her earlier treatments (Perk. & Gilg, Pflanzenr. 4 (IV. 101): 55. 1901; in K. Schum. & Lauterb. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzg. Siidsee 330. 1901). Its staminate flowers are turbinate or essentially globose, as is usual for Steganthera, but its pistillate flowers are somewhat patelliform, with the perianth conspicuously expanded laterally into a circular flange. This type of pistillate perianth is not otherwise found in Steganthera but is essen- tially similar to that of Anthobembix. The present species, therefore, seems to form a connecting link between the genera and may well be sought in Anthobembix. Our specimens agree well with Brass 1331 from British New Guinea (cited by Diels), but that specimen has only pistillate flowers. 238 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII ANTHOBEMBIX Perk. Anthobembix myrtifolia sp. nov. Arbor gracilis 3-4 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus pur- purascentibus juventute cinereo-adpresso-strigosis mox glabris; foliis oppositis, petiolis gracilibus canaliculatis 4-6 mm. longis ut ramulis strigosis mox glabris, laminis tenuiter coriaceis oblongo-ellipticis, 3-6 cm. longis, 1-3 cm. latis, basi acutis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice acutis vel breviter cuspidatis et calloso-apiculatis, margine integris et leviter incrassatis, utrinque glabris et siccitate fusco-viridibus, costa utrinque valde elevata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 3-6 anastomo- santibus, cum venulis copiose reticulatis utrinque valde prominulis; inflorescentiis ¢ axillaribus 1-3 cm. longis 2- vel saepe 1-floris ubique dense cinereo-adpresso-strigillosis, bracteis elongato-deltoideis ad 2 mm. longis mox delapsis, pedicellis gracilibus ad 15 mm. longis apicem versus interdum bibracteolatis (bracteolis lanceolato-oblongis acutis circiter 1.5 mm. longis); floribus mox glabris plus minusve patelliformibus cir- citer 2 mm. altis et 5 mm. diametro, receptaculo carnoso margines versus conspicue complanato intus obscure sericeo, tepalis minutis ut videtur 4 deltoideis acutis anguste imbricatis; staminibus 4 oblongis circiter 1 mm. latis, majoribus 1 mm. minoribus 0.7 mm. longis, filamentis carnosis dense strigoso-sericeis, antheris apice rotundatis per rimas introrsas horizontales dehiscentibus; inflorescentiis @ ut ¢ similibus sed plerumque unifloris; receptaculo turbinato apicem versus lateraliter paullo expanso, sub anthesi 2—2.5 mm. longo et circiter 3 mm. diametro, intus dense strigoso, tepalis ut videtur subnullis; carpellis circiter 6, 1.3-1.5 mm. longis, ovario ellipsoideo dense strigoso, stylo brevi subulato acuto glabro; pedicello sub fructu paullo incrassato ad 18 mm. longo, receptaculo coriaceo circiter 4 mm. diametro, drupis maturis paucis elliptico-ovoideis ad 13 mm. longis et 9 mm. latis, breviter stipitatis, apice rotundatis, extus conspicue rugosis. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 18 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 2150 m., Brass 12498 (slender tree 3—4 m., high, frequent in mossy forest seral growths), 12672 (TyPE), Feb. 1939 (tree 3 m. high, in bamboo undergrowth of mossy forest). The type bears staminate flowers and a single detached drupe, while no. 12498 bears pistillate flowers and fruiting receptacles. The new species is peculiar in Anthobembix in the fact that, although its staminate flowers have the receptacle greatly expanded as is usual for the genus, the receptacle of the pistillate flowers is merely slightly expanded and is more suggestive of the genus Steganthera. Anthobembix myrtifolia is 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, II 239 also at once distinguished from the members of either genus by its small stiff leaves; A. parvifolia Perk. is perhaps its closest ally. Anthobembix Brassii sp. nov. Frutex subscandens, ramulis subteretibus juventute pilis crispis sim- plicibus 0.3-1 mm. longis densissime pallide brunneo-tomentosis demum glabris cinereis; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petiolis rugulosis ut ramulis decidue tomentellis mox glabris 10-22 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis elliptico-oblongis, 8-13 cm. longis, 3.5—6.5 cm. latis, basi late obtusis vel rotundatis, apice breviter cuspidatis, margine integris vel interdum utrinsecus dentibus ad 5 minutis calloso-apiculatis remote et obscure serratis, siccitate utrinque fusco-viridibus vel subtus brunneis, supra glabris, subtus tomentum crispulum cinereum evanescentem (pilis ad 0.7 mm, longis) gerentibus mox glabris, costa supra valde elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 6—9 erecto-patentibus conspicue anastomosantibus supra valde prominulis subtus subpromi- nentibus, venulis copiose reticulatis utrinque prominulis; inflorescentiis axillaribus vel subterminalibus cymosis vel paniculato-cymosis pauci- floris (plerumque 3- interdum ad 9-floris) ad 4 cm. longis, ubique praeter florum superficies pilis fusco-stramineis 0.5—0.7 mm. longis dense tomentellis, pedunculo ad 2 cm. longo, bracteis oblongis 1.5—2.5 mm. longis caducis, pedicellis ad 7 mm. longis infra medium et apicem bracteolam unicam lineari-oblongam obtusam ad 2 mm. longam caducam gerentibus; floribus ¢ plerumque ad apices inflorescentiae ternatis supra glabris et nigrescentibus patelliformibus valde complanatis, sub anthesi ad 4 mm. altis et 9 mm. diametro, receptaculo carnoso ad margines conspicue expanso intus stramineo-strigoso, tepalis minutis vel subnullis; staminibus 4 carnosis oblongis circiter 1.2 cm. latis, majoribus sub anthesi 1.5 mm. minoribus 1.2 mm. longis, filamentis brevibus basi pilis ad 1 mm. longis conspicue brunneo-strigosis, antheris apice rotundatis per rimas introrsas horizontales dehiscentibus; floribus ut ¢ similibus, carpellis 10-14 sub anthesi 2—2.5 mm. longis, ovario oblongo-ellipsoideo pilis ad 1 mm. longis dense brunneo-setoso, stylo revi subacuto glabro; pedunculis pedicellisque sub fructu incrassatis demum subglabris, receptaculo coriaceo saepe solitario ad 8 mm. dia- metro supra persistenter strigoso, drupis maturis saepe numerosis (2—10) coriaceis sessilibus ellipsoideis ad 12 mm. longis et 10 mm. latis, apice abrupte mucronatis, demum glabris, extus conspicue rugosis. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2800 m., Brass 10261 (TYPE), Oct. 1938 (large subscandent shrub, occasional in undergrowth of primary forest). 240 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Anthobembix Brassii is readily distinguished by the evanescent crisp pale tomentum of its branchlets and foliage, its compact and densely tomentellous inflorescences, and its flattened flowers which are glabrous above. Probably more closely related to A. oligantha Perk. than to other described species, it is sharply distinct on the basis of the mentioned characters. KrBara Endl. Kibara laurifolia sp. nov. Arbor ad 6 m. alta sub fructu ubique glabra, ramulis fusco-cinereis subteretibus apicem versus 2.5—4 mm. diametro ad nodos incrassato- complanatis; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petiolis rugulosis crassis (2-4 mm. diametro) profunde canaliculatis 3-10 mm. longis, laminis coriaceis siccitate pallide olivaceis late ellipticis, 9-15 cm. longis, 4.5—8.5 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice breviter cuspidatis vel subacutis, margine integris et conspicue anguste recurvatis, costa supra elevata et saepe striata subtus prominente, nervis secondariis utrinsecus 6—8 adscendenti- bus subrectis vel margines versus leviter arcuatis supra prominulis subtus acute elevatis, venulis reticulatis utrinque prominulis vel supra sub- immersis; inflorescentiis sub fructu axillaribus vel subterminalibus 3—8 cm. longis, pedunculo ad 3 cm. longo pedicellisque paullo complanatis, pedicellis 10-27 mm. longis apicem versus incrassatis, receptaculis 2—6 per inflorescentiam vel interdum solitariis coriaceis 5-10 mm. diametro, drupis maturis pluribus coriaceis oblongo-ovoideis, ad 16 mm. longis et 10 mm. latis, stipitibus 2—3 mm. longis et crassis articulatis ornatis, apice inaequaliter apiculatis, basi obtusis vel rotundatis, extus sublevibus. NETHERLANDS New GuINnEA: Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2200 m., Brass 11218 (TYPE), Nov. 1938 (tree 6 m. high, common in secondary forest, the fruits unripe). Kibara laurifolia is a species with glabrous coriaceous leaf-blades, but it does not seem closely related to any of the species in this section of Perkins’ key (Bot. Jahrb. 52: 208. 1915). Although flowers are not available, the new species seems more closely allied to K. monticola Perk., from which it differs in its shorter and proportionately broader leaf-blades with acute or cuspidate rather than acuminate apices, more ascending secondary nerves, and venation more obvious on the upper leaf-surface. Kibara Archboldiana sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva ad 3 m. alta, ramulis stramineis gracilibus subteretibus glabris infra nodos conspicue incrassato-clavatis pertusis intus concavis formicas hospitantibus; foliis oppositis, petiolis rugulosis 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, II 241 incrassatis (2-4 mm. diametro) 5-25 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis vel papyraceis oblongo-ellipticis, 15-36 cm. longis, 6-15 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel late obtusis, apice conspicue et abrupte acuminatis (acumine gracili 1-2 cm. longo obtuso), margine integris et anguste recurvatis, utrinque olivaceis et glabris vel subtus juventute sub lente minutissime et decidue puberulis, costa supra elevata et saepe striata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 6-10 arcuato-patentibus conspicue anastomosantibus supra valde elevatis subtus prominentibus, venulis copiose reticulatis utrinque valde prominulis; inflorescentiis sub- fasciculatis vel contracto-racemosis paucifloris sub anthesi quam petiolis multo brevioribus ad 8 mm. longis, ubique minute cinereo-puberulis, pedunculo crasso brevi, bracteis inconspicuis papyraceis suborbicularibus ad 0.4 mm. longis, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 3-6 mm. longis apicem versus minute bibracteolatis; floribus ¢ subglobosis 2-4 mm. diametro, receptaculo crasse carnoso (ad 1 mm. crasso) valde cupuliformi; tepalis 6 minutis ovatis rotundatis, 4 per paria cruciatim oppositis anguste imbricatis, 2 exterioribus duplicatis; staminibus 6, 4 exterioribus 1—1.6 mm. longis, antheris subsessilibus ovoideis per rimam horizontalem semi- orbicularem dehiscentibus; inflorescentiis sub fructu valde incrassatis, receptaculis 1 vel 2 coriaceis 8-12 mm. diametro, drupis maturis pluribus ovoideo-oblongis, 16-23 mm. longis, 8-10 mm. latis, breviter stipitatis (stipitibus 1-3 mm. longis superne valde incrassatis articulatis), apice inaequaliter subacutis, extus valde rugulosis. BritisH NEw GurneEa: Central Division, Dieni, Ononge Road, alt. 500 m., Brass 3938 (A, NY, TvPE), May 2, 1933 (weak-branched bush or small tree 2-3 m. high, fairly common in rain-forest, the leaf-blades shining above; flowers yellow; receptacle bright orange, the drupes shining purple-black); Western Division, Fly River, 528-mile Camp, alt. 80 m., Brass 6858 (sparse-foliaged tall shrub 2 m. high, in forest caderseowit on a ridge-top). Kibara Archboldiana is a close relative of K. formicarum Becc., re- sembling it in foliage, the myrmecophytic habit, etc., but differing in having the secondary nerves of the leaf-blades raised instead of im- pressed above, the inflorescence more compact, the tepals smaller and inconspicuous, the stamens 6 rather than 8, and the drupes longer and proportionately narrower. Kibara inamoena Perk. Pflanzenr. 49 (IV. 101. Nachtr.): 34. 1911; Bot. Jahrb. 52: 211. 1915. BritisH NEw Guinea: Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, Brass 7560 (undergrowth tree 5 m. high, in rain-forest; leaves smooth and shining, the nerves prominent on both sides). 242 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII The cited specimen agrees very well with the type collection of the species in foliage, although the leaf-blades of our specimen are often faintly puberulent beneath and have the areoles of the veinlet-reticula- tion slightly larger. The range of variation of the species cannot be fully understood at present; it has previously been represented only by two collections from Northeastern New Guinea. The Brass specimen, in fruit, has the inflorescences to 6 cm. long, the pedicels 13-22 mm. long, the receptacle 4-10 mm. in diameter, and the drupes ovoid-ellipsoid, to 13 by 10 mm., subacute, short-stipitate. Kibara papuana sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva ad 2 m. alta ubique praeter flores glabra, ramulis gracilibus stramineis subteretibus vel apices versus complanatis; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petiolis gracilibus canaliculatus 3-10 mm, longis, laminis papyraceis translucentibus oblongo-ellipticis, 9—17 cm. longis, 3.5—7 cm. latis, basi obtusis et in petiolum paullo decurrenti- bus, apice cuspidatis (apice ipso ad 5 mm. longo obtuso), margine integris, utrinque olivaceis, costa supra subplana vel leviter elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 6-9 arcuato-adscendentibus supra prominulis vel subplanis subtus elevatis, venulis reticulatis utrinque paullo prominulis vel supra subimmersis; inflorescentiis axillaribus vel e ramulis inter folia orientibus fasciculatis paucifloris (in specimine nostro 1- vel 2-floris), bracteis deltoideis subacutis ad 1 mm. longis, pedicellis crassis sub anthesi circiter 2 mm. longis, apice quadribracteo- latis (bracteolis late deltoideis vel semiorbicularibus obtusis, inferioribus circiter 0.5 mm. longis et 1 mm. latis, superioribus circiter 1 mm. longis et 1.5 mm. latis infra tepala orientibus); floribus ¢ 2—2.5 mm. longis et diametro, receptaculo tenuiter carnoso leviter cupuliformi; tepalis 6 submembranaceis late semiorbicularibus, circiter 1 mm. longis, 1.5—2 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, luteo- siewniioeiy: 4 per paria cruciatim oppositis, 2 exterioribus duplicatis; staminibus 6 obovoideis circiter 0.8 mm. latis, 4 exterioribus circiter 1.2 mm. longis, 2 interioribus paullo brevioribus, filamentis gracilibus dense stramineo-sericeis, antheris late deltoideis obtusis per rimam horizontalem semiorbicularem dehiscenti- bus; floribus @ ut ¢ plus minusve similibus, receptaculo subcomplanato intus dense aureo-setuloso, tepalis paullo majoribus calyptra sub anthesi supra receptaculum circumscisse deciduis; carpellis 7 ovoideis circiter 1.5 mm. longis, ovario dense stramineo-sericeo, stylo brevi; inflorescentiis sub fructu incrassatis, receptaculis 1 vel 2 coriaceis stipitibus exceptis ad 7 mm. diametro, drupis maturis pluribus ellipsoideis, 12-18 mm. longis, 7-11 mm. latis, interdum paullo lateraliter compressis, stipitibus crassis 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, II 243 (ad 3 mm. diametro) 4-6 mm. longis ornatis, apice obtusis vel rotundatis, extus saepe valde tuberculato-rugosulosis. BritisH New Guinea: Central Division, Dieni, Ononge Road, alt. 500 m., Brass 3798 (NY, TYPE), Apr. 20, 1933 (shrub 2 m. high, in rain-forest understorey; leaves shining on both sides; flowers yellow; drupes black, wrinkled), Brass 3992 (A, NY) (tall bush or small tree, in rain-forest understorey; leaves flat, smooth; drupes rugose, yellow- green, at length pale purple); Iawarere, alt. about 300 m., Brass 668 (large weak shrub, in rain-forest; drupes yellow). All the cited specimens bear fruits, but only the type has flowers, and these are very few, so that the above floral descriptions are based merely upon one staminate and one pistillate flower. Nevertheless, the material is sufficient to indicate that an unusual species is represented, character- ized by thin entire leaf-blades of medium size for the genus, very com- pact and few-flowered inflorescences, short pedicels, a supplementary pair of bracteoles on the receptacle (somewhat intermediate in size and position between the pedicellary bracteoles and the tepals), and con- spicuously rugulose drupes. Its alliance is apparently with K. imamoena Perk., a species with undulate-serrulate leaf-blades, comparatively ample inflorescences with long pedicels, and more numerous carpels. Kibara rigidifolia sp. nov. Arbor ad 4 m. alta sub fructu ubique glabra, ramis elongatis, ramulis stramineis crassis (apicem versus 5—7 mm. diametro) juventute conspicue angulatis; foliis suboppositis apices ramulorum versus ut videtur con- gestis, petiolis rugosis 2-3 mm. diametro 13-20 mm. longis, laminis tenuiter coriaceis siccitate flavovirente-olivaceis lanceolato-oblongis, 18-31 cm. longis, 4.5—7.5 cm. latis, basi attenuatis et in petiolum decur- rentibus, apice conspicue calloso-apiculatis, margine leviter recurvatis interdum integris interdum dentibus utrinsecus ad 8 disperse spinulosis, costa supra leviter elevata et striata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 20-27 cum aliis interspersis patentibus rectis anastomosanti- bus utrinque valde prominulis, venulis reticulatis utrinque paullo prominulis; inflorescentiis axillaribus sub fructu ad 3 cm. longis pauci- ramosis, pedunculo brevi ad 15 mm. longo, pedicellis crassis 12-15 mm. longis, receptaculis 1 vel 2 coriaceis stipitibus exceptis 6-8 mm. dia- metro, drupis maturis pluribus ovoideis, 12-16 mm. longis, 8-10 mm. latis, breviter stipitatis (stipitibus incrassatis 1-3 mm. longis), apice conspicue apiculatis, extus levibus vel paullo rugulosis. BritisH NEw GUINEA: Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 8216 (TYPE), Oct. 1936 (tree 4 m. high, with long droop- 244 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VoL. XxII ing branches, in undergrowth on a moist shaded cliff-face in rain-forest, the branchlets 3-angled; leaves stiff, narrowly recurved at margins; receptacle orange, the drupes smooth, black). Although the cited specimen lacks flowers, it obviously belongs in Kibara and, on the basis of foliage characters, seems certainly to be undescribed. It appears to be most closely related to K. Ledermannii Perk., from which it differs in its angled branchlets, proportionately narrower and often spinulose-margined leaf-blades, apparently more compact fruiting inflorescence, and less conspicuously stipitate drupes. Compared with K. olivaeformis Becc., another relative, K. rigidifolia is distinguished by its differently shaped proportionately broader drupe as well as by foliage details. Kibara elongata sp. nov. Arbor gracilis ad 2.5 m. alta sub fructu ubique glabra, ramulis stra- mineis elongatis gracilibus subteretibus vel ad nodos leviter incrassato- complanatis; foliis oppositis, petiolis crassis (3-5 mm. diametro) 14—20 mm. longis leviter canaliculatis, laminis tenuiter coriaceis siccitate viridi- olivaceis lanceolato-oblongis, 20-40 cm. longis, 6-11 cm. latis, basi attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice longe acuminatis (acumine gracili 18-25 mm. longo calloso-subacuto), margine interdum dentibus paucis disperse et inconspicue spinulosis interdum integris, costa supra elevata et saepe inconspicue canaliculata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 10-14 cum aliis interspersis patentibus rectis con- spicue anastomosantibus utrinque acute elevatis, venulis reticulatis utrinque valde prominulis; inflorescentiis sub fructu axillaribus vel e ramulis inter folia orientibus pauciramosis 15-18 cm. longis, pedunculo 7-10 cm. longo pedicellisque gracilibus stramineis, pedicellis 2—4 cm. longis apicem versus incrassatis, receptaculis paucis (maturis circiter 2 per inflorescentiam) coriaceis stipitibus exceptis 7-12 mm. diametro, drupis maturis pluribus elliptico-oblongis, 22-27 mm. longis, 8-12 mm. latis, breviter stipitatis (stipitibus incrassatis 3-4 mm. longis et dia- metro), apice rotundatis et minute apiculatis, basi obtusis, extus rugu- losis, semine siccitate nigrescente. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 850 m., Brass 13349 (tTypE), Mar. 1939 (slender tree 2.5 m. high, occasional in flood-plain rain-forest; receptacle orange, the drupes black). Kibara elongata is related to the preceding new species (K. rigidifolia) and its allies, but is clearly distinguished by its long-acuminate leaf- blades and its elongate peduncles, pedicels, and drupes. In the latter 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, II 245 character it is suggestive of K. olivaeformis Becc., from which the acumi- nate and proportionately narrower leaf-blades and the elongate inflo- rescences distinguish it. PALMERIA F. Muell. Palmeria arfakiana Becc. Malesia 1: 186. 1877; Perk. & Gilg, Pflan- zenr. 4 (IV. 101): 65, f. 18, L, M. 1901; Gibbs, Contr. Phyt. & Fl. Arfak Mts. 135. 1917. NORTHEASTERN NEW GUINEA: Morobe District, Ogeramnang, alt. 1700-1800 m., Clemens 4485 (tree 10 m. high, on forest-margin; buds green to reddish), 5169 (small tree, on forest hill; flowers gray); Tobou, alt. about 1650 m., Clemens 6550. The species has previously been reported only from the Arfak Moun- tains in Netherlands New Guinea; our specimens precisely match a fragment of the type collection. The first two specimens cited bear staminate flowers, the last fruits. In his original publication Beccari described only foliage and pistillate flowers; Gibbs later added a descrip- tion of staminate flowers, but this description does not entirely agree with my present observations, the stamens having been mentioned as 1-4 in number. The fruit has not yet been described. Below I add a description of staminate flowers and fruits baseu on the cited material. Staminate inflorescences axillary, to 4 cm. long, pseudopaniculate, few- branched, densely and closely cinereous-tomentellous throughout, the peduncle, rachis, and branchlets very slender, the pedicels 2-4 mm. long, the flowers subglobose or turbinate, 2—-2.5 mm. in diameter slightly before anthesis; receptacle thin-carnose or membranous, obscurely puberulent within; tepals 5, inflexed in bud, deltoid-oblong, about 1.5 mm. long, long-acuminate; anthers about 15, sessile, deltoid-oblong, 0.5-0.6 mm. long, obtuse or minutely apiculate, often obscurely puberulent distally; fruiting inflorescences lax, to 12 cm. long, the branchlets sparsely puberulent, the fruiting receptacles irregularly sub- globose, to 12 mm. in diameter, glabrescent, abruptly apiculate at apex, thin, brittle, the drupes 1-5, ovoid, angled by mutual pressure, about 7mm. long and 5 mm. broad. Palmeria incana sp. nov. Frutex scandens, ramulis gracilibus rectis subteretibus densissime et minutissime stellato-cinereo-puberulis ad nodos complanatis; foliis oppo- sitis vel suboppositis, petiolis 6-9 mm. longis ut ramulis puberulis, laminis tenuiter coriaceis oblongis, 9-16 cm. longis, 3.5—6.5 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel late obtusis, apice breviter acuminatis (acumine ad 1 cm. longo obtuso), margine integris et anguste recurvatis, supra fusco- 246 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII olivaceis subnitidis glabris (vel ad costam sparse stellato-puberulis), subtus indumento albo-cinereo arcto densissime indutis (pilis minutis stellatis multiramosis, ramulis ad 0.1 mm. longis), costa supra conspicue impressa subtus prominente, nervis secondariis utrinsecus 7—9 patenti- bus rectis anastomosantibus supra inconspicuis subplanis subtus valde prominulis, venulis copiose reticulatis supra immersis subtus prominulis; inflorescentiis sub fructu axillaribus anguste paniculatis 2—8 cm. longis, rhachi, ramulis brevibus et pedicellis crassis (ad 3 mm. longis) dense stellato-puberulis; receptaculis sub fructu subglobosis vel late obovoideis maturitate 10-16 mm. diametro cinereo-puberulis demum glabrescenti- bus, apice vestigio perianthii conspicue apiculatis, coriaceis, ad 1 mm. crassis, demum irregulariter fissis, intus pilis stramineis ad 0.8 mm. longis setosis; drupis 1-5 per receptaculum ovoideis ad 7 mm. longis et 5 mm. latis. BritisH NEw GUINEA: Central Division, Mafulu, alt. 1200 m., Brass 5427 (A, TypE, NY), Nov. 3, 1933 (large climber in lower primary forest; leaves gray beneath; fruiting receptacles red, the drupes black ). Although flowers are not available, there seems no doubt that the cited collection represents a new species of Palmeria, characterized by the persistent and extremely close and dense whitish tomentum of the lower surfaces of leaf-blades. Palmeria incana does not seem closely allied to described species, but it is perhaps of the relationship of P. Aypo- chrysea Perk. and P. hypargyrea Perk. It differs from both in the above- mentioned pubescence, and in its somewhat larger leaf-blades which are thicker in texture. Palmeria habbemensis sp. nov. Frutex parvus scandens 2-3 m. altus, ramulis gracilibus elongatis purpurascentibus quadrangularibus demum subteretibus cinereo-stellato- puberulis demum glabrescentibus; foliis oppositis, petiolis gracilibus 3-8 mm. longis ut ramulis vel densiore puberulis, laminis tenuiter coria- ceis oblongis, (3.5—) 4-6 cm. longis, (1.3—) 1.5-2.8 cm. latis, basi ex rotundatis subacutis, apice breviter acuminatis (acumine 3-8 mm. longo subacuto), margine integris, supra pilis stellatis flavescentibus minutis paucis obtectis mox glabris, subtus indumento stramineo arcto densissime indutis (pilis stellatis multiramosis, ramulis 0.1—0.15 mm. longis), costa supra impressa subtus valde elevata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 4—6 patentibus anastomosantibus supra immersis vel leviter insculptis subtus valde prominulis, venulis supra immersis subtus paullo prominulis indumento obscuris; inflorescentiis ¢ axillaribus anguste - paniculatis (1.5—) 2—5 cm. longis pauciramosis ubique pilis stramineis 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, II 247 stellatis multiramosis minutis (circiter 0.15 mm. diametro) dense obtectis, bracteis linearibus ad 3 mm. longis caducis, pedicellis gracili- bus sub anthesi 4-9 mm. longis, bracteolis linearibus parvis vel nullis; floribus sub anthesi 4.5—5.5 mm. diametro, receptaculo tenuiter carnoso, tepalis 5 vel 6 subcoriaceis deltoideis acutis 1.5-2 mm. longis et latis; staminibus circiter 25, antheris sessilibus deltoideo-oblongis obtusis, circiter 0.8 mm. longis, glabris vel apicem versus obscure puberulis. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2800 m., Oct. 1938, Brass 10590 (TyPE), 10591 (scrambling shrubs 2-3 m. high, common in young second growths of forest clearings; upper surface of leaves smooth and shining). This species and the following appear to represent a small-leaved montane group in Palmeria, probably closely related to the preceding species (P. incana) of lower altitudes, but differing in obvious foliage characters. Among other described species, these two suggest P. pulchra Perk., another small-leaved species from high elevations in Northeastern New Guinea. However, our species apparently have the tomentum of the lower surfaces of the leaf-blades denser. In the original publication (Pflanzenr. 49 (IV. 101. Nachtr.): 38. 1911) of P. pulchra, authentic material of which is not available to me, Perkins refers to “folia.. . subtus pilis stellatis minutis instructa,’’ while in her more recent key (Bot. Jahrb. 52: 214. 1915) she refers to the hairs as “zerstreuten.” Neither of these remarks suggests the dense persistent tomentum which entirely obscures the lower leaf-surfaces of the present two new species. The inflorescences of our species are apparently more reduced than those of P. pulchra. Palmeria habbemensis and its relative from the Wharton Range are distinguished from each other as follows: Leaf-blades (3.5-) 4-6 cm. long, (1.3-) 1.5-2.8 em. broad; inflorescence (1.5—) 2-5 cm. long ; stamens about 25, the anthers strictly sessile OTTO ee eee re eee TTT are ee tee F. Mabe: Leaf-blades 1.8-3.5 cm. long, 0.6-1.8 cm. broad; inflorescence 0.5-2 cm. long ; stamens 15-20, with short but obvious filaments. ... P. montana. Palmeria montana sp. nov. Frutex parvus multiramosus scandens 2—3 m. altus, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus cinereo-stellato-puberulis mox glabris; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petiolis gracilibus 1.5-4 mm. longis ut ramulis puberulis, laminis chartaceis ovatis vel ovato-oblongis, 1.8—3.5 cm. longis, 0.6—1.8 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel late obtusis, apice acuminatis (acumine 2-7 mm. longo subacuto), margine integris et leviter recurvatis, supra glabris vel pilis stellatis cinereis minutis sparsim obtectis, subtus indu- mento albo-cinereo arcte densissime indutis (pilis stellatis multiramosis, 248 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII ramulis circiter 0.1 mm. longis), costa supra impressa subtus elevata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 3—5 brevibus inconspicue anastomosantibus supra subplanis subtus paullo prominulis, venulis reticulatis utrinque immersis vel supra visibilibus; inflorescentiis ¢ axillaribus racemosis 0.5-2 cm. longis paucifloris ubique indumento cinereo denso indutis (pilis stellatis circiter 0.15 mm. diametro), bracteis oblongis ad 2 mm. longis caducis, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 3-7 mm. longis bracteo- lam lineari-oblongam 1.5—2.5 mm. longam prope medium interdum geren- tibus; floribus sub anthesi circiter 5 mm. diametro demum ad 10 mm. diametro apertis, receptaculo tenuiter carnoso intus interdum obscure puberulo, tepalis 5 submembranaceis elongato-deltoideis acutis, circiter 4 mm. longis et 2.5 mm. latis; staminibus 15-20, filamentis brevibus circiter 0.4 mm. longis tenuiter carnosis, antheris deltoideo-oblongis obtusis glabris 0.8-0.9 mm. longis; inflorescentiis @ ut ¢ plus minusve similibus; floribus subglobosis sub anthesi 2—-2.5 mm. diametro, recep- taculo carnoso 0.3—0.4 mm. crasso intus conspicue stramineo-setoso, tepalis 5 inconspicuis inflexis deltoideis circiter 0.4 mm. latis; carpellis 10-15 sub anthesi 1.5-2 mm. longis, ovario oblongo-ellipsoideo distaliter puberulo in stylum subulatum attenuato; receptaculis sub fructu irregu- lariter subglobosis ad 15 mm. diametro coriaceis mox glabris demum irregulariter fissis, intus pilis stramineis ad 0.7 mm. longis setosis; drupis 1—5 per receptaculum. BritisH NEw GUINEA: Central Division, Murray Pass, Wharton Range, alt. 2840 m., Brass 4667 (A, Type, NY), July 31, 1933 (scandent much-branched slender shrub about 2 m. high, growing along forest fringing borders; leaves pale, recurved at margin, pale brown-pubescent beneath; flowers cream-colored; fruit irregularly bursting, the seeds shining reddish brown), 47517 (slender bush of somewhat scandent habit 2-3 m. high, not common in forest undergrowth; leaves gray-brown beneath; flowers cream-colored). The type bears pistillate inflorescences and fruits, no. 4751 staminate inflorescences. The latter specimen has leaves averaging somewhat larger than those of the type collection, but in view of the similarity of the two collections in other respects it seems likely that no. 4667 was merely growing in a comparatively exposed situation. Palmeria Fengeriana Perk. Pflanzenr. 49 (IV. 101. Nachtr.): 39. 1911; Bot. Jahrb. 52: 216. 1915. British NEw GUINEA: Central Division, Mafulu, alt. 1700 m., Brass 5360 (A, NY) (scandent shrub in mountain-crest forest; flowers cream-colored). NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: Bele River, 18 km. 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, II 249 northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2200 m., Brass 11367 (large scrambling shrub on bank of river); 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1800 m., Brass 12307 (large scrambling shrub, common in open places in mossy forest). The above-cited specimens are referred to P. Fengeriana with some hesitation, since they differ in certain respects from the original descrip- tion. Our specimens have the leaf-blades up to 17 cm. long, the sec- ondary nerves often as few as 5 per side, the inflorescences up to 35 cm. long and 15 cm. broad, and the staminate flowers up to 7 mm. in diam- eter. These appear to be characters of degree only, and I believe that the specimens fall into P. Fengeriana as delimited by the several citations in the second reference above, although I have seen none of this material. Among our specimens, no. 5360 has the hairs of the inflorescence and of the lower leaf-surface cinereous or whitish rather than dull yellow. The species has previously been reported only from Northeastern New Guinea. Palmeria paniculata Ridley, from Netherlands New Guinea, seems closely related to P. Fengeriana and perhaps conspecific, although the leaves are said to be glabrous. Examination of type collections is desirable before the cited Brass material is finally placed. Palmeria puberula sp. nov. Frutex scandens, ramulis elongatis gracilibus purpurascentibus sub- teretibus parce cinereo-stellato-puberulis mox glabris; foliis oppositis, petiolis gracilibus 8-13 mm. longis ut ramulis puberulis, laminis papyra- ceis oblongo-ellipticis, 11-16 cm. longis, 5-8 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice cuspidatis vel breviter acuminatis, margine integris et leviter recurvatis, supra glabris vel ad costam pilis stellatis parvis sparsim obtectis, subtus pilis stramineis stellatis multiramosis parvis (0.2—0.3 mm. diametro) paucis instructis demum glabrescentibus, costa supra leviter impressa subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 5—9 erecto-patentibus anastomosantibus supra minute prominulis subtus elevatis, venulis reticulatis utrinque paullo prominulis vel supra subplanis; inflorescentiis é axillaribus vel e ramulis infra folia orientibus paniculatis multifloris valde ramosis, 10-15 cm. longis, 5-8 cm. latis, ubique (praecipue flori- bus) pilis stellatis adpressis minutis ad 0.1 mm. diametro densissime cinereo-puberulis, rhachi gracili subtereti demum glabrescente, bracteis parvis elongato-oblongis mox caducis, bracteolis ut videtur subnullis, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 3-5 mm. longis; floribus late cupuli- formibus sub anthesi 4-6 mm. diametro, receptaculo submembranaceo explanato, tepalis 5 membranaceis deltoideis 3—3.5 mm. longis et latis apice conspicue angustatis et acuminatis; staminibus 30-35, antheris sessilibus oblongo-deltoideis obtusis 0.8—1 mm. longis. 250 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXII NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 850 m., March 1939, Brass 13463 (typE) (large scandent shrub, on an open river-bank in rain-forest; flowers yellow). Palmeria puberula is characterized by its sparsely pubescent leaf- blades, its closely pale-stellate-puberulent inflorescences, and its large flowers. Related to P. Fengeriana Perk. and P. paniculata Ridley, it is distinguished from both by its very different type of pubescence. Its relationship may also be with P. myriantha Perk., a species with sparser pubescence throughout, smaller leaves, and much smaller flowers. ISOMEROCARPA gen. nov. Arbores saepe procerae, foliis oppositis petiolatis, laminis chartaceis vel coriaceis margine serratis vel subcrenatis; inflorescentiis axillaribus solitariis brevibus cymosis paucifloris pedunculatis; floribus hermaphro- ditis pedicellatis ubique glandulosis saepe ternatis, bracteis parvis cadu- cis, pedicellis apice bracteolas 2 papyraceas valvatim involucrantes mox deciduas gerentibus, cicatricibus sub anthesi conspicuis; receptaculo carnoso urceoiate extus apicem versus tepala stamina et staminodia gerente; tepalis 8 biseriatis tenuiter coriaceis oblongis sub anthesi patentibus, 4 exterioribus et 4 interioribus similibus; staminibus 4—9 carnosis, filamentis brevissimis crassis utrinsecus glandula aliformi auctis, antheris extrorso-lateraliter bilocellatis, locellorum valvis sursum de- hiscentibus, connectivo in appendiculam complanatam producto; stami- nodiis 2- vel 3-seriatis intra stamina 9-16 lanceolato-oblongis, exteriori- bus manifeste majoribus; carpellis 10-12 in fundo receptaculi congestis, in stylos subulatos exsertos desinentibus, ovulo basim ovarii versus sub- erecto; receptaculo fructifero ellipsoideo vel anguste ovoideo coriaceo in valvas 3 vel 4 subaequales dehiscente, fructus carpellis inclusis angustis longe pilosis in stylos longos desinentibus, pericarpio tenui semini adnato. Isomerocar pa is proposed to include Daphnandra novoguineensis Perk., originally described on the basis of a fruiting specimen; in this con- dition the plant is indeed so suggestive of the Australian species of Daphnandra that one would not seriously question its place, although the dehiscence of the fruiting receptacle is different. In describing a second New Guinean species of this alliance, Gilg and Diels (Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 466. 1925) apparently did not consider the generic placing of their plant, as flowering specimens are quite unlike those of Daphnandra, The presence of involucrate bracteoles beneath each flower is in itself a sufficiently pronounced character to remove the New Guinean species from DapAnandra according to Perkins’ key to genera (Pflanzenr. 4 (IV. 101): 14. 1901). 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, II 251 Isomerocarpa differs from Daphnandra in the presence of the above- mentioned involucrate bracteoles, in having the tepals 8 and the mem- bers of both series similar in number and texture (the tepals of Daph- nandra being 10-15, those of the inner series more numerous, larger, and thinner in texture than those of the outer), in the somewhat produced and conspicuouly flattened anther-connective, in the essentially basal rather than pendulous ovule, and in having the fruiting receptacle de- hiscing into three or four subequal valves (rather than inequilaterally along one side as in Daphnandra). A closer relative of the new genus appears to be the Australian Atherosperma Labill., which agrees with the New Guinean plants in having paired bracteoles beneath each flower. /somerocarpa, however, differs from Atherosperma in having its flowers hermaphrodite rather than dioecious or polygamo-monecious, in having its stamens 4-9 rather than 10-16 and its filaments inconspicuous (those of Atherosperma being slender and obvious), in its produced anther-connective, and in its ellipsoid fruiting receptacle (that of Atherosperma being either sub- globose or urceolate). The staminate flowers of Atherosperma com- pletely lack both staminodes and carpels, the receptacle being flattened, while the pistillate flowers have more numerous (at ‘least 25) carpels than those of Jsomerocarpa. The staminodes of Atherosperma, present only in pistillate flowers, are arranged on the inner surface of the recep- tacle above the carpels, while the new genus has the staminodes on the distal outer surface of the receptacle. Isomerocarpa, a member of the Subfamily Atherospermoideae, Tribe Laurelieae, according to Perkins’ treatment, seems to have as strong a combination of characters as any of the five genera of this relationship treated in the Pflanzenreich. These genera, although small, are well marked and will presumably seem quite acceptacle to future monog- raphers. The name of the new genus refers to the fact that the fruiting receptacle splits into equal valves. Isomerocarpa novoguineensis (Perk.) comb. nov. Daphnandra novoguineensis Perk. Bot. Jahrb. 52: 217. f. 5, i915. NorTHEASTERN NEW GuINEA: Morobe District, Ogeramnang, alt. about 1800 m., Clemens 4598 (tall tree in forest hills, the trunk 38-60 cm. diam., the buds greenish white), 4796, 5456; Yunzaing, alt. about 1400 m., Clemens 3853 (tall tree, the trunk 60 cm. diam. or more; fruit green; tree growing with Calophyllum sp.). BRiTIsH NEW GUINEA: Central Division, Ononge Road, alt. 500 m., Brass 3913 (gray-barked tree in rain-forest, the leaves thick, dark, pale beneath; flowers brown; 252 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XxII fruit green, hard). NerTHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: Balim River, Brass & Versteegh 11194 (on forested slopes at 2160 m.; tree 26 m. high, the trunk 60 cm. diam., the crown fairly wide-spreading, the bark thick, gray, 18 mm. thick, the wood brown; flowers red; fruits green); 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 900 m., Brass 13085 (common subsidiary tree 10-12 m. high, in mossy forest; flowers yellow, with red stamens); 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 11948 (tree 25 m. high, frequent in primary forest at 1590 m. alt., the trunk 44 cm. diam., the crown not wide- spreading, the bark 11 mm. thick, dark brown, the sap-wood yellow, the heart-wood brown-yellow; fruits light green), 11984 (tree 31 m. high, frequent in primary forest on the slope of a ridge at 1900 m. alt., the trunk 60 cm. diam., the crown not wide-spreading, the bark 12 mm. thick, rough, fissured, the sap-wood light yellow, the heart-wood brown- yellow; flowers red). The species has previously been reported only from Northeastern New Guinea. The above-cited specimens agree well with the original description, although they may equally well be referred to Daphnandra Perkinsiae Gilg & Diels. From a comparison of the two descriptions I am inclined to doubt the existence of two species, as the differences in leaf-size, texture, apex, and punctation mentioned by Gilg and Diels seem very slight. In general, it appears that specimens from higher elevations have thicker and smaller leaf-blades, but I fail to find specific differences among those cited. The reduction cannot definitely be made without examination of the two types. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HarvArD UNIVERSITY. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VI 253 PLANTAE PAPUANAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VI* E. D. MERRILL AND L. M. PERRY Tue Papuan material under study contains representatives of several families with but a few numbers each. In some groups considered below the material is entirely from Netherlands New Guinea (Third Archbold Expedition), the Fly River collections having previously been named and recorded, while in others our total material of the family is considered. Included also are a few specimens, misplaced in the original hasty ordering up of the collections for reference, representing families previ- ously considered. The new species and the range extensions here recorded were detected in our effort to complete the identifications of the material in certain of these smaller families. As far as we know, no representatives of the genera Elaeagnus, Crypteronia, Duabanga, and Callitriche have previously been reported from New Guinea. Elaeagnus and Callitriche were to be expected, as both have long been known as occurring in Malaysia and in Australia. Duabanga and Crypteronia are small genera characteristic of Malaysia, New Guinea perhaps repre- senting the southeastern limits of their geographic range. ULMACEAE Celtis Linnaeus Celtis similis sp. nov. Arbor 8 m. alta, trunco 25 cm. diametro; ramulis brunnescentibus glabris, novellis apres pubescentibus, pilis flavescentibus; foliis sub- coriaceis petiolatis, pro more affinium eximie trinerviis, lanceolate: ad ovato-ellipticis, 2.5—-5 cm. longis, 1.2—2.2 cm. latis, basi subrotundatis vel obtusis paullo obliquis, apice saepe longe acuminatis, acumine 0.4—1.2 cm. longo, acuto vel subapiculato, margine integris vel supra medium remote serratis, supra glabris vel novellis parce pubescentibus, subtus praecipue in costa nervisque primariis parce pubescentibus, axillis plerumque minute fasciculato-barbatis; costa recta in tertia parte supera nervos utrinsecus 1—2 emittente, nervis basalibus 2 superne evanescenti- bus, exterius + 4 venas laterales arcuatim anastomosantes emittenti- bus; venularum reticulo + inconspicuo; stipulis ipsis non visis; petiolo *(Botanical Results of the rn Archbold Expeditions) See Jour. Arnold Arb. 20: 324-345. = A op. cit. 21: 163-200, t. 1. 1940; op. cit. 292-327; op. cit. 511-527; op. cit. 22: 32-59. 1941 254 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XX 1.5-3 mm. longo, adpresse pubescente; cymis axillaribus fructiferis + 1 cm. longis, pedunculis 3-5 mm. longis, pubescentibus; drupis late ellipsoideis, leviter compressis, apice pubescentibus obtuse apiculatis, putamine 2 mm. longo, 2.5 mm. lato, ruguloso. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Balim River, Brass & Versteegh 11168 (tYPE), December 1938, alt. 1600 m., relic strip of primary forest on river bank (tree 8 m. high, 25 cm. diameter; bark gray; fruit green). Celtis similis is undoubtedly closely related to C. rubrovenia Elmer of the Philippine Islands. The leaves, petioles and fruits are a little smaller than in the latter species, and the new growth is densely pubescent. Further, the leaves lack the puncticulations characteristic of the Philippine species, and differ also in that, usually, minute tufts of hairs are present in the axils of the larger veins on the lower surface. Celtis Kajewskii sp. nov. Arbor usque 25 m. alta; ramulis cinereo-brunnescentibus glabris, innovationibus pubescentibus; foliis subcoriaceis, petiolatis, trinerviis, ovato-ellipticis, 10-19 cm. longis, 6-10 cm. latis, apice (+ fractis) probabiliter acuminatis, basi rotundato-obtusis vel brevissime cuneatis, paullo obliquis, margine integris, supra glabris vel costa nervisque parce pubescentibus, subtus praecipue in costa venisque parce pubescentibus: costa recta, nervis primariis 2 tantum conspicuis a basi ad apicem laminae arcuatim productis, exterius venas laterales plures intra mar- ginem arcuatim anastomosantes emittentibus, venularum reticulo supra manifesto, subtus prominulo; stipulis ipsis non visis; petiolo 7-10 mm. longo, + adpresse pubescente; cymis fructiferis usque 5 cm. longis; drupis elongato-ovoideis subtetragonis, 2 cm. longis, + 1.5 cm. latis, stigmate bilobo coronatis, parce pubescentibus vel glabratis. SoLoMON IsLANps: Guadalcanal, Berande, Kajewski 2445 (TYPE), January 1931, common in rain-forest at sea level (very large tree up to 25 m. high, with straight stem and little buttressed or not; fruit orange- colored when ripe, 2.5 cm. long, 1.6 cm. broad, oval shaped with a point at the end). New Britain: Keravat Experiment Station, near Rabaul, Kanehira 3964. The characters of this species approach those of C. Zippeli (Blume) Planchon as given in the description; in the latter, however, the two main nerves do not extend to the apex of the leaf, and the leaves are glabrous. Parasponia Miquel Parasponia rigida sp. nov. Arbor usque 6 m. alta; ramulis teretibus, adpresse pubescentibus vel glabratis; foliis coriaceis alternis petiolatis lanceolatis haud ovatis, usque 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VI 255 8.5 cm. longis, 2.3 cm. latis, basi rotundatis paullo obliquis, apice acute acuminatis, margine in sicco leviter revolutis serrulatis, trinerviis, supra scabridulis (pilis basi bulbosis vel pustulatis), rugosis, costa atque 2 nervis adpresse pubescentibus, subtus adpresse pubescentibus ac mani- feste dense reticulatis; nervis basilaribus usque ad apicem productis arcuatis, exterius venas laterales plures longiuscule arcuatas intra mar- ginem anastomosantes emittentibus, costa interdum unam venam lateralem emittente; petiolo + 8 mm. longo, adpresse pubescente; stipulis in costis adpresse pubescentibus in unam stipulam intrapetio- larem circiter 8 mm. longam bicuspidatam connatis; cymis axillaribus, circiter 1 cm. longis; rhachi adpresse pubescente; bracteis ovatis, fere acuminatis, circiter 1 mm. longis; floribus parvis monoicis; ¢ : peri- anthio 5-partito, laciniis imbricatis late obovato-ellipticis, 1.6 mm. longis, 1.2 mm. latis, obtusiusculis puberulis ciliatis; staminibus 5, filamentis 0.8 mm. longis, antheris 0.7 mm. longis, thecis oblongis, curvatis; pistilli rudimento 0.8 mm. longo angulato-obconico, apice medio paullo im- presso, receptaculo hirsuto; @ : pedicellatis, pedicellis 1-1.5 mm. longis; perianthio 1.2 mm. longo, laciniis ovatis, puberulis, ciliatis; drupis ovoideis 2—2.4 mm. longis, 2.2 mm. latis, stigmatibus marcescentibus coronatis, basi perianthio suffultis. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 18 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 12459 (type), February 1939, alt. 2150 m., mossy forest, dominating young forest at the foot of a rock-slide (tree up to 6 m. high; branches flat-spreading; fruit red). This species is very close to Parasponia melastomatifolia J. J. Sm. differing chiefly in the lanceolate leaves with a serrulate margin. The $ and @ inflorescences are on different branchlets, and the outer lateral veins are long-arcuate before anastomosing. Parasponia simulans sp. nov. Arbor 4-5 m. alta; ramulis teretibus, adpresse pubescentibus ad glabratis; foliis subcoriaceis vel chartaceis, alternis petiolatis lanceolatis interdum elongato-ovatis, 5.5-11 cm. longis, 1.7-4 cm. latis, basi rotundatis paullo obliquis, apice acute acuminatis, margine in sicco leviter revolutis crenulato-serrulatis, trinerviis, supra vix scabridulis, costa parce pubescente, subtus costa venis venulisque adpresse pube- scentibus, dense manifesteque reticulatis, novellis subtus pubescentibus costa recta, nervis primariis 2 tantum, conspicuis, a basi ad apicem laminae arcuatim productis, exterius venas laterales plures breviter arcuatim anastomosantes emittentibus; petiolo 6-12 mm. longo, adpresse pubescente; stipulis in unam intrapetiolarem circiter 7 mm. longam bi- 256 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (voL. xx cuspidatam adpresse puberulam connatis; inflorescentiis axillaribus, + 1 cm. longis; rhachi adpresse pubescente; floribus monoicis; 4 : peri- anthio 5-partito, laciniis obovato-ellipticis, + 1.5 cm. longis, 1.2 cm. latis, adpresse pubescentibus, ciliatis; staminibus 5, filamentis 1.5 cm. longis, antheris 0.8 mm. longis, ovoideis, thecis oblongis, curvatis; pistilli rudimento angulato-clavato; receptaculo dense hirsuto; ¢ : perianthio 8 conformi; drupis ovoideis 2.5 mm. longis, stigmatibus marcescentibus 0.8 mm. longis coronatis, putamine late subgloboso-ovoideo, 1.4 mm. longo, 1.8 mm. lato. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 13072 (type), March 1939, alt. 850 m., common in seral rain-forest (tree 4-5 m. high). Unquestionably Parasponia melastomatifolia J. J. Sm., P. rigida and this species are very closely related. Unfortunately we have only the plate and the original description of the first to compare with our species. Parasponia simulans appears to be separable from P. melastomatifolia J. J. Sm. by the lanceolate leaves with crenulate-serrulate margin and the relatively smooth upper surface. Comparing P. simulans with P. rigida Merr. & Perry, the following differences appear: the inflorescence of the former is more open, staminate and pistillate flowers are in the same inflorescence; the leaves are thinner, the lower surface is much less pubescent, the venation is less elevated, and the veins extending outward from the main nerves are only shortly arcuate. ROSACEAE Parastemon A. de Candolle Parastemon Versteeghii Merr. & Perry, Jour. Arnold Arb. 21: 197. 1940 NETHERLANDS New GuINEA: Hollandia, Brass 8948, July 1938, alt. 20 m., common in dry open second growths (bushy tree 6—7 m. tall; fruits very numerous, white). This specimen has practically mature fruits 1.7 cm. long, 0.7 cm. diameter. Their structure agrees entirely with that of the fruit of P. urophyllus A. DC. as delineated by Boerlage and Koorders, Ic. Bog. 1: ¢. 97. 1901. MELIACEAE Dysoxylum Blume Dysoxylum Whiteanum sp. nov. Arbor alta; foliis alternatis, 50-60 cm. longis, 3—5-jugis, pari- atque impari-pinnatis, novellis dense apresse pubescentibus mox glabratis, petiolatis, petiolo usque 10 cm. longo, supra applanato, glabrato; foliolis 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VI 257 suboppositis petiolulatis chartaceis, oblongis vel inferioribus oblongo- ellipticis, 6.5—20 cm. longis, 4-6 cm. latis, basi, foliolo terminali excepto, oblique brevissime cuneatis, apice obtusis abrupte in acumen angustum + 1 cm. longum productis utrinque glabris; venis primariis utrinsecus 12—21 obliquis, supra manifestis, subtus vix prominulis; petiolulis 1—1.8 cm. longis, terminali 3—3.5 cm. longo; racemis fasciculatis pendentibus, in axillis foliorum vel in ramulis defoliatis, usque 19 cm. longis, rhachi ac bracteis minutis adpresse pubescentibus; floribus albis sessilibus; calyce crateriformi circiter 4 mm. longo, leviter 4-lobato, adpresse pubescente, lobis vix 1 mm. longis liberis, apice parce pubescente excepta glabris; tubo stamineo circiter 6 mm. longo, utrinque glabro 8-fido, laciniis 2 mm. longis apice emarginatis, antheris 8 inter lacinias affixis, circiter 1.5 mm. longis; tubulo cylindrico 2 mm. longo, crenulato, extus margine + dense pubescente excepta glabro, intus parce pubescente; ovario dense adpresse pubescente, 4-loculari, stylo adpresse pubescente, stigmate discoideo. BritisH NEw GuINEA: Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 8005 (TYPE), October 1936, rain-forest, common on river- flats flooded by tides (profusely flowering tall canopy tree with widely flanged base; bark reddish brown, lenticellate; leaves to 50-60 cm. long; flowers white, in pendent racemes, fasciculate in leaf-axils and lateral on smaller branches). In several characters this species suggests Dysoxylum Pettigrewianum F. M. Bail. It may be distinguished from the latter by the longer pendent inflorescences, the incised (rather than crenulate) apex of the staminal tube, the shorter and less hairy tubular disk, and the oblong or oblong-elliptic rather than lanceolate leaflets. Dedicated to Mr. C. T. White in appreciation of his extensive contri- butions to the knowledge of the botany of northeastern Australia and his interest in the flora of New Guinea. Dysoxylum micranthum sp. nov. Arbor gracilis parva; ramulis glabris lenticellatis, lenticellis albe- scentibus, innovationibus minute pubescentibus mox glabratis; foliis alternis, 3-jugis, pari-pinnatis, petiolatis; petiolo 2.5—4.5 cm. longo et rhachi 4-6 cm. longa glabris; foliolis oppositis, sessilibus vel sub- sessilibus, chartaceis, lanceolatis, 7—13.5 cm. longis, 2.3—3.5 cm. latis, utrinque angustatis, basi longe angusteque cuneatis atque paullo obliquis, apice obtuse acuminatis, acumine + 5 mm. longo, utrinque glabris; venis primariis utrinsecus 11-14, obliquis marginem versus adscendentibus, manifestis vel inconspicuis; paniculis axillaribus vel supra-axillaribus, usque 9 cm. longis, ramis brevibus vix 1 cm. longis; floribus parvis, alabastris circiter 2 mm. longis, pedicellis circiter 0.5 mm. longis; calyce 258 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx 0.8 mm. longo, 4—5-dentato, margine inconspicue ciliolato; petalis 4-5, late ovatis, 1.8 mm. longis, 1.2 mm. latis, acutiusculis, glabris, tubo stamineo in parte inferiore adnatis; tubo stamineo %4 longitudinem petalorum subaequante, 8-10-fido, glabro; antheris 8—10, oblongis, semi- inclusis; tubulo urceolato, 0.6 mm. longo, extus glabro, intus infra mar- ginem pubescente; ovario subgloboso, 0.8 mm. longo, minute pubescente, 3-loculari; stylo glabro, circiter 1 mm. longo, stigmate crasso discoideo. SOLOMON IsLanps: San Cristobal, Star Harbor, Brass 3114 (TYPE), October 1932, alt. 100 m., rain-forest (slender small tree with green flowers). In the abruptly pinnate leaves and the very small flowers, this species shows some resemblance to the genus Pseudocarapa Hemsl.; neverthe- less, on account of the free disk we have placed it in Dysoxylum Blume. Possibly it has an affinity with D. arborescens (Blume) Mig. At present we cannot suggest a species closely resembling it. CALLITRICHACEAE Callitriche Linnaeus Callitriche papuana sp. nov. Planta submersa; foliis caulinis et ramalibus linearibus uninerviis, apice profunde lunate excisis; floribus ¢ non visis; fl. 9: ovario juvenili 0.3 mm. longo, stylis 1 cm. longis erectis vel subdivergentibus; ovario submaturo 1 cm. longo, stylis 2.2 cm. longis; fructibus maturis subsessilibus vel brevissime pedicellatis, 1.4—-1.6 cm. longis, 1.2—1.4 cm. latis, suborbicularibus vel paullo longioribus quam latioribus, convexis, apice leviter cordatis, marginibus binis subapproximatis parallelis tenui- ter subalatis, carinis latis acutiusculis. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Lake Habbema, Brass 9541 (TYPE), August 1938, alt. 3225 m., submerged (green) aquatic rooting in outer shallows of lake. Apparently this is the first collection of Callitriche from New Guinea. We have been unable to match the material with any herbarium speci- mens or with any of the descriptions of Asiatic or Australian species. It is most like C. stagnalis Hegelm., but the latter has fruits more broadly winged and the apex of the leaves is emarginate rather than roundly incised. AQUIFOLIACEAE Tex Linnaeus Ilex scabridula sp. nov. Scandens; ramis longis pendentibus; ramulis subferrugineis scabridulis + angulatis gracilibus; foliis valde coriaceis glabris, ovatis ad oblongis, 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VI 259 3-7 cm. longis, 1.4—3 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel rotundatis, apice acumi- natis vel interdum acutis, acumine 0.5—-1 cm. longo, subapiculato, mar- gine integris vel in parte tertia superiore 2—4-serrulatis, subtus glandu- loso-punctatis; costa media supra canaliculata, subtus prominula; venis primariis supra obscuris, subtus utrinsecus 6-9 prominulis rectis vel juxta marginem arcuatim confluentibus, minoribus interdum majoribus intermixtis; petiolo 2.5-4 mm. longo, nigrescente glabro; racemis soli- tariis axillaribus, 1.5—3.5 cm. longis, rhachi parce pubescente, pedicellis circiter 3 mm. longis, parce pubescentibus, basi bracteatis, bracteis sub- rotundatis, + 1 mm. longis; calyce 4—5-mero glabro, lobis rotundatis margine .parce atque obsolete ciliolatis; corolla rotata, petalis oblongis apice rotundatis vel obtusis, circiter 2.5 mm. longis; staminibus fl. 3 petalis fere aequalibus, antheris ovoideis, 0.8 mm. longis; pistillodio sub- angulato-pulviniformi, medio apiculato, circiter 0.8 mm. diametro; stami- nodiis fl. @ quam petalis brevioribus, antheris minutis; ovario obtuse ellipsoideo, compresso, 6—10-loculari, stigmate magno crasso discoideo elliptico, 1.2 mm. longo, 0.4 mm. lato; drupis ellipsoideis, 3 mm. longis, 2.5 mm. diametro, obsolete longitudinaliter sulcatis. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 10502, 10775, 11006 (typE), October 1938, alt. 2800 m. and 2900 m., frequent in mossy forest of moist valleys (large liane with pendent branches forming long hanging masses of foliage; flowers white; fruit small, black). Although somewhat resembling Ilex spicata Blume, this species is readily distinguished by the scabridulous branchlets; the glandular dots on the lower surface of the leaves are fairly numerous and readily seen with a hand lens; while the leaf-margin is sometimes remotely serrate towards the apex of the leaf. Tlex Versteeghii sp. nov. Arbor usque 21 m. alta glabra; ramis teretibus cinereis, plerumque lenticellatis; ramulis brunnescentibus subangularibus; foliis valde coria- ceis subnitidis, ellipticis vel oblongis, 3.5—-7(—11) cm. longis, 1.5—3.5 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel late cuneatis interdum rotundatis, apice obtusis vel retusis vel subemarginatis, margine integris plerumque revolutis, supra olivaceo-viridibus, subtus pallidioribus vel brunnescentibus non punctatis; costa supra canaliculata, subtus prominente; venis primariis utrinsecus 6—9, supra impressis, subtus prominulis, rectis ad marginem curvatis atque anastomosantibus; petiolo 4-8(—14) mm. longo, atro; inflorescentiis axillaribus, breviter pedunculatis, plerumque bis interdum ter dichotomis, 3—13-floris, pedunculo 3—7 mm. longo, pedicellis + 3 mm. longis; floribus 5-meris; calyce glabro, lobis rotundatis minute ciliolatis; 260 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII corolla rotata, lobis oblongis rotundatis, circiter 3 mm. longis; staminibus fl. ¢ quam petalis paullo brevioribus, antheris ovoideis, 1 mm. longis; pistillodio depresse angulato-conico; staminodiis fl. 2 non visis; ovario depresse ovoideo, 4—6-loculari, stigmate crasso discoideo, inconspicue 5-lobato, circiter 1 mm. diametro; drupis ovoideis vel subglobosis, 4 mm. longis, 3.5 mm, diametro. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Balim River, Brass & Versteegh 11192 (TYPE), December 1938, alt. 2180 m., forests of the slopes (tree 17 m. high, 35 cm. diameter; fruits red); Brass 11662, December 1938, alt. 1600 m., scattered over grassy deforested slopes (shrub 2 m. high; leaves smooth and shining, margins recurved; flowers white); 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 10262, 10263, 10654, October 1938, alt. 2800 m., common in substage of valley forests and also in old sec- ondary forests (tree 10-15 m. high; flowers white); Brass & Versteegh 10455, October 1938, alt. + 2930 m., frequent in mossy forest on ridge (tree 20 m. high, 28 cm. diameter; flowers white); Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 11290, November 1938, alt. 2350 m., fagaceous forest of slopes, frequent in young seral growths (tree 2-3 m. high; leaves stiff, convex); 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Iden- burg River, Brass & Versteegh 12576, February 1939, alt. 1350 m., frequent in primary forest (tree 21 m. high, 48 cm. diameter). Brass 11290 is somewhat aberrant in having very long leaves. The branchlets of Brass & Versteegh 12576 (a sterile specimen) are much lighter in color than those of the other collections. Possibly the follow- ing two collections from Balim River also belong in this species: Brass 11771, 11772, December 1938, alt. 1800 m. and 1700 m., common in brushy growths on dry, stony, long deforested slopes (shrub or small tree 1-3 m. high; leaves smooth and shining; flowers white). The leaves are smaller than those of the other collections, but we have not yet found any specific differences. In the grayish branchlets and the entire impunctate leaves, Jlex Versteeghii is closely allied to J. Archboldiana Merr. & Perry; the latter, however, is a compact tree with denser foliage; the leaves are smaller, and the mesocarp is much thinner than in /. Versteeghii. CELASTRACEAE Celastrus Linnaeus Celastrus novoguineensis sp. nov. Probabiliter frutex scandens, glaber; ramulis teretibus vel apicem versus subangulatis, atrobrunneis, lenticellatis, lenticellis mumerosis, 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VI 261 pallidis; foliis alternis, tenuiter coriaceis, oblongis ad ellipticis, 13-16 cm. longis, 5—7.5 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel rotundatis, apice obtusiusculis vel acutiusculis, margine minutissime remotiusculeque serrulatis, leviter revolutis, in sicco plerumque pallide viridescentibus; costa supra sub- plana subtus prominula; venis primariis utrinsecus 7—8 patentibus arcu- atim adscendentibus, utrinque manifestis + prominulis, reticulo laxi- usculo + distincto; paniculis terminalibus, 15—20 cm. longis, ramis 3—6 cm. longis, divaricatis vel oblique adscendentibus; ramulis usque 1—1.5 cm. longis; pedicellis 1 mm. longis; bracteis deltoideis, 0.6 mm. longis; floribus parvis; calyce 2 mm. longo, 5-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis ; petalis 5, ellipticis 2.5 mm. longis, staminibus 5 in margine disci locatis, filamentis brevissimis vix ullis, antheris 1 mm. longis, oblongis, sub- auriculatis; disco cupuliformi, 1 mm. longo, non crasso; ovario subgloboso, 0.8 mm. longo, 1.1 mm. diametro, 3-loculari; stylo brevi; stigmate quam stylo latiore 3-lobulato, lobulis bifidis; capsulis loculicide trivalvis, valvis 1 cm. longis, extus inconspicue transverseque corrugatis; seminibus + ellipsoideis, 8 mm. longis. NORTHEASTERN NEW GUINEA: Ogeramnang, Clemens 5152 (TYPE), 5394, January and February 1937, alt. + 1750 m.; Yoangen, Clemens 6606, June 1937, alt. + 1250 m. In some characters this species suggests Celastrus papuanus Warb., but the latter has smaller leaves and a racemose panicle with very short branches (only 6-8 mm. long). Clemens 3523, a fragmentary specimen from Yunzaing may also belong here. Perrottetia Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth Perrottetia traumatophylla sp. nov. Arbor 5—7 m. alta, glabra; ramulis brunnescentibus lenticellatis, lenti- cellis numerosis ovalibus pallidis; foliis alternis 2-3 cm. remotis, charta- ceis vel subcoriaceis, oblongo-ellipticis utrinque angustatis, 9-15 cm. longis, 3.5—-6 cm. latis, basi obtuse cuneatis, apice breviter acuminatis apiculatis, margine integris vel interdum apicem versus remote minute- que denticulatis, costa supra subplana, subtus prominente; venis pri- mariis utrinsecus 7—8 supra manifestis interdum depressis, subtus per- spicuis, oblique arcuatim patenti-adscendentibus, intra marginem 2-3 mm. anastomosantibus, venulis paucis manifestis; petiolo circiter 7 mm. longo; paniculis axillaribus, 4—9 cm. longis, sub lente pulvereo-papillosis, bracteis minutis deltoideis, pedicellis fructiferis vix 1 mm. longis; flori- bus perparvis, ovario excepto 5-meris; calycis lobis triangularibus vix 262 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. Xx 1 mm. longis, pulvereo-papillosis; petalis paullo longioribus, apice acutis, pulvereo-papillosis; staminibus brevissimis, in disci margine insertis; disco crassiusculo; ovario ovoideo, biloculari, stylo crassiusculo, stigmate bilobo; baccis 3—4 mm. diametro, bilocularibus, 4-spermis; seminibus 2-2.5 mm. longis, testa rugulosa. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 10968 (TYPE), October 1938, alt. 2750 m., common in forest open- ings on the lower slopes (flat branching tree 5—7 m. high; flowers green) ; Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 11528, November 1938, alt. 2400 m., common in forest undergrowth (tree 5-6 m. high; flowers green). Perrottetia traumatophylla shows some likeness to P. nervosa Ridl. in the few prominent primary veins anastomosing well within the margin of the leaves. The leaves, however, are not rounded at the base, the petals are longer than the sepals, the inflorescence is much longer, and the fruit is a little larger than that of P. nervosa Ridl. On the lower surface of the leaves, particularly near the veins, many minute punc- tures indicate the presence of domatia; hence, the specific name trau- matophylla. SABIACEAE Meliosma Blume Meliosma Schlechteri sp. nov. Ramuli subangulati, apicem versus + ferrugineo-hirsuti; foliis impari- pinnatis, alternis, 3—5-jugis; petiolo rhachique 8-20 cm. longis, ferru- gineo-hirsutis, pilis detergibilibus; petiolulis 5-7 mm. longis, terminali 1.2 cm. longo, hirtellis; foliolis coriaceis, oppositis, oblongo-ellipticis, 49.5 cm. longis, 2.6—4 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel subrotundatis leviter obliquis vel superioribus cuneatis, apice obtuse acuminatis apiculatis, acumine 3—7 mm. longo, margine integris vel apicem versus remote minuteque 3-—5-dentatis, supra glabris, subtiliter reticulatis, costa plerumque pubescentibus, subtus distincte reticulatis, praecipue costa venisque breviter pilosis, axillis inter venas ac costam + fasciculato- barbatis; venis primariis utrinsecus 7—9, supra impressis, subtus prominu- lis; inflorescentiis + 30 cm. longis, divaricatim ramosis, hirtellis, floribus tantum glabris; sepalis rotundatis, glanduloso-ciliatis; petalis exteriori- bus obovato-orbicularibus, interioribus dorso filamentorum adnatis, utrinque in appendiculam brevem productis; staminodiis connatis; disco subannulari quam ovario glabro paullo breviore, margine irregulari- lobato, lobis subulatis. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VI 263 NoRTHEASTERN NEW GuINEA: woods of Kani, Schlechter 18292 (TYPE) September 1908, alt. 1000 m. This species is undoubtedly very closely related to Meliosma humilis Merr. & Perry. It differs in its practically entire and much more coria- ceous leaves. It is also much less pubescent than the latter species. RHAMNACEAE Ventilago Gaertner Ventilago papuana sp. nov. Planta magna scandens; ramulis puberulis fuscis, innovationibus + dense pubescentibus; foliis tenuiter coriaceis, late ellipticis, 4.5-12 cm. longis, 2.5—7 cm. latis, basi rotundatis, apice abrupte acuminatis, acumine 0.5-1.5 cm. longo, 0.3—0.5 cm. lato, obtuso, margine integris vel obsolete remoteque crenulatis, maturis utrinque glabris, novellis subtus puberulis, in utraque pagina dense manifesteque reticulatis; venis primariis utrin- secus 6-8 curvato-adscendentibus; petiolo 6-9 mm. longo tereti vel minute canaliculato, puberulo vel glabro; racemis 4-13 cm. longis, axillaribus atque subterminalibus, minute pubescentibus; axi hinc inde anguloso; floribus exiguis, fasciculatis, pedicellatis; pedicellis 1 mm. longis; calyce extus minute pubescente, lobis acutis circiter 1 mm, longis; petalis obovato-deltoideis emarginatis; staminibus quam petalis paululo longioribus; disco prope stylum parce pubescente, caeterum glabro; stylo bipartito basi pubescente, apice vix incrassato; fructibus immaturis usque 4 cm. longis alis inclusis, basi puberulis, ala oblonga, + reticu- latim venosa; semine non viso. BritisH New Guinea: Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 7973 (tTyPE), October 1936, occasional on the ridges (rain- forest canopy liane; flowers yellow). In some characters this species suggests Ventilago cernua Tul. from Rawak Island. The latter species, however, has much shorter petioles (about 3 mm. long) and fewer and somewhat more ascending primary veins. We are indebted to Monsieur R. Metman, Muséum d Histoire Naturelle, Paris, who, previous to the outbreak of hostilities, very kindly lent us a flower and a leaf from the type of Ventilago cernua Tul. for comparison with our material. Another collection which may belong to this species is Brass 14038, Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, April 1939, alt. 50 m., rain-forest of flooded river plain (common large liane in forest edges). This speci- men has spreading rather than appressed pubescence on the inflorescence, and is without fruits. 264 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VoL. xx Colubrina Richard ex Brongniart Colubrina papuana sp. nov. Arbor magna; ramulis atro-fuscis, innovationibus fulvo-pubescentibus mox glabratis; foliis alternis membranaceis integris, ellipticis ad oblongis, 5-10 cm. longis, 2—5 cm. latis, basi obtusis, in apicem obtusum recurvum angustatis, maturis utrinque glabris, novellis subtus + pubescentibus mox glabratis, penninerviis; venis primariis utrinsecus 5—7, oblique adscendentibus; petiolo 0.5—1.5 mm. longo, puberulo ad glabro; panicu- lis ad ramulorum apicem axillaribus, circiter 4 cm. longis, axi ramulisque puberulis ad glabratis; floribus ante anthesim glabris pedicellatis, pedi- cellis 1.5 mm. longis; calyce ad medium 5-fido, lobis vix 2 mm. longis, acutis, intus cristatis; petalis 12 longitudinem calycis loborum sub- aequantibus, margine incurvis; staminibus brevibus, probabiliter petalis subaequilongis; disco crasso 5-lobato, in margine brevissime libero; ovario in disco submerso calyci adnato, triloculari, stylo crassiusculo apice 3-lobato, lobis brevibus recurvis; fructibus depresso-globosis, leviter trisulcatis, circiter 1-1.5 cm. diametro, basi calycis patella suf- fultis, introrse dehiscentibus; epicarpio in sicco vix 0.4 mm. crasso, endocarpio crustaceo-sublignoso; semine compresse globoso, 1 cm. longo latoque 6 mm. crasso, testa rubra, puncticulata. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Hollandia, Brass 8986 (Type), August 1938, alt. 100 m., rain-forest (common large canopy tree; trunk spurred; bark corky-fibrous, rough; wood yellowish; flowers cream-colored; fruit orange); Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 14005, April 1939, alt. 75 m., occasional on the lower slopes of primary rain- forest (tree 25 m. high; flowers yellow; fruit red). BriTIsH NEW GUINEA: Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, Brass 7459, August 1936, common tree of rain-forest canopy (bark pale brown; fruit orange-colored; seeds red). Although the general aspect of the collections suggest Rhamnus, on account of the thick disk and the partly inferior ovary, the plant seems to fall in the genus Colubrina. The valves of the fruit are coarser and firmer in texture than those of C. asiatica Brongn. It is to be noted that Lauterbach, Bot. Jahrb. 57: 326-340. 1922, does not include Colubrina? Beccariana Warb. in his treatment of the Rham- naceae of Papuasia. THY MELEACEAE Gyrinops Gaertner Gyrinops Ledermannii Domke, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 11: 349. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 2 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VI 265 Idenburg River, Brass 13672, March 1939, alt. 750 m., rain-forest of the slopes (slender treelet 2 m. high; flowers white). This collection seems to be a reasonably good match for the descrip- tion of Gyrinops Ledermannii Domke, founded on a fruiting specimen of Ledermann from Northeastern New Guinea. Brass 13672 shows a flowering branch and a young growing shoot. The leaves of the latter are 10.5—21 cm. long and 3-5.5 cm. broad, the larger ones are acuminate- caudate, the acumen being 2.5 cm. long, all are sparsely pilose beneath. This is a considerable variation from the measurements of the leaves of the type-specimen. The fascicles contain 3—6 flowers, the calyx-tube is 3 mm. long, the pistil is scarcely more than 3 mm. long, somewhat densely short-pilose, the ovary and stipe are hardly 2 mm. long, com- pressed obconical, the style and stigma are 13 mm. in length. The other floral characters and measurements coincide with those given in the original description, Phaleria Jack Phaleria subcaudata sp. nov. Frutex magnus; foliis oppositis anguste obovato-oblongis, circiter 23 cm. longis, 7 cm. latis, petiolatis, basi obtusis vel late cuneatis, apice sub- abrupte longe acuminatis, acumine + 2 cm. longo, integris chartaceis glaberrimis; costa subtus prominula; venis primariis utrinsecus 10-12 patenti-obliquis prope marginem anastomosantibus; venulis numerosis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiis subumbelliformibus terminalibus proba- biliter axillaribus; pedunculis circiter 5 mm. longis bracteatis; floribus numerosis albidis; involucri foliolis breviter ellipticis obtusis glabris; perianthii tubo infra angustissimo, apicem versus ampliato, extus glabro, intus minute parceque puberulo, + 18 mm. longo, limbo quadrilobo, lobis 7 mm. longis obtusis margine tantum + pubescentibus; staminibus longe exsertis, antheris ellipticis 0.6 mm. longis; stylo paullo exserto quam filamentis breviore; ovario parce puberulo; fructibus ignotis. British New Gurnea: Central Division, Kubuna, Brass 5657 (tyPE), November 1933, alt. 100 m., rain-forest (large straggling bush, very showy white flowers). In foliar characters this species suggests Phaleria capitata Jack and P. calantha Gilg. It differs from the former in the larger number of primary veins, from the latter in the leaf-outline, and from both in having the perianth lobes pubescent only along the margins. Phaleria Perrottetiana (Decne.) F. Vill. ae Fl. Filip. 183. 1880: Merr. Enum. Philipp. FI. Pl. 3: 131. Drimyspermum Perrottetianum Decne. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. Bot. 19: 38. 1843. 266 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. Xx British New GuInEA: Western Division, Daru Island, Brass 6057, 6240, fairly common in light rain-forest (shrub 1-2 m. or more high; flowers white, fragrant; fruit red, fleshy); Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, Brass 7657, occasional in rain-forest undergrowth (shrub or small tree 2—2.5 m. high; bark tough, fibrous; fruit smooth, red). These specimens were determined in 1937 by Dr. W. Domke. The species has been collected previously in the Philippines and Borneo; this seems to be the first record for New Guinea. Possibly two collections from the Solomon Islands (Kajewski 2698, Guadalcanal Island, and Kajewski 2237, Bougainville Island) also belong here. The specimens show only very young buds. Wikstroemia Endlicher Wikstroemia venosa sp. nov. Frutex + 1 m. altus; ramulis hornotinis + dense minuteque pube- scentibus, annotinis fusco-purpureis glabris; foliis chartaceis vel leviter coriaceis, oppositis, lanceolatis vel lanceolato-ellipticis vel fere ovatis, 2-7 cm. longis, 1-3 cm. latis, basi late obtusis vel subrotundatis, apice acutis vel acutiusculis interdum obtusiusculis, utrinque glabris vel initio costa subtus -+ pilosis; venis primariis distincte manifestis subirregulari- bus utrinsecus 7-10 patentibus deinde curvato-adscendentibus; petiolo brevi, 1—2.5 mm, longo pubescente; floribus viridibus vel flavis, pluribus, subspicatis vel subfasciculatis, saepissime inflorescentiis terminalibus interdum axillaribus; pedunculo 2—4 mm. longo, rhachi usque 11 mm. longo, adpresse pubescentibus, pedicellis brevissimis pubescentibus; peri- anthii tubo circiter 6.5 mm. longo et 1 mm. diametro, extus fere glabro, lobis 4 oblongis 2—2.5 mm. longis extus puberulis; antheris 8, lineari- oblongis, 1 mm. longis, filamentis brevissimis, eis seriei superioris faucem vix attingentibus, seriei inferioris paullo supra medium affixis; disci squama unica 1 mm. longa, apice biloba; pistillo 1.2 mm. longo, ovario fere glabro apice parce strigilloso, stylo 0.2 mm. longo, stigmate capitato ; fructibus ellipsoideis utrinque leviter angustatis, 6-8 mm. longis, apice parce strigillosis. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Balim River, Brass 11667 (TYPE), December 1938, alt. 1600 m., deforested slopes, occasional on grassy banks of streams (shrub + 1 m. high; flowers green; fruit red, fleshy) ; southern slopes of Balim Valley, Brass 11612, alt. 1700 m. (grassland shrub; flowers green). BritisH NEW GurINeEA: Central Division, Laloki River, Rona, Brass 3577, April 1933, alt. 450 m., on or about rocks on savannah, common (compact small tree with tough brown bark; lower leaf-surface glaucous; flowers yellow). 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VI 267 This species seems to be most like Wikstroemia foetida (L.f.) A. Gray, the leaves are firmer with a strongly marked venation, the inflorescence is spicate, occasionally subfasciculate. Possibly belonging to this species or surely closely allied to it is Brass 3473, Cape Prieto, Ysabel, Solomon Islands. The inflorescence here is longer-pedunculate and more loosely flowered. The genus is very much in need of critical revision. Kelleria Endlicher Kelleria patula sp. nov. Suffrutex ramosissimus; caulibus vagantibus, decumbentibus; ramis erectis vel adscendentibus glabris cicatricatis; foliis alternis, inferioribus patentibus interdum reflexis, superioribus laxe imbricatis, lanceatis vel lineari-subulatis, 4-6 mm. longis, 1.5 mm. latis, obtusis, late sessilibus, convexis, 7—9-striatis, marginibus et apicibus sericeo-villosis; floribus + 6 apice ramulorum confertis; pedicellis brevissimis pilosis; perianthio piloso, tubo subinfundibulari, 3 mm. longo circiter 1 mm. diametro, 8-venoso; lobis 1.2 mm. longis, patulis oblongis obtusis intus glabris; staminibus 4 cum perianthii lobis alternantibus, vix 1 mm. longis; faucis squamis ellipticis, discretis, basi loborum binatim inter staminum inser- tionem affixis; disco hypogyno nullo; ovario 1 mm. longo oblongo sessili, apice piloso, stylo 2.4 mm. longo, stigmate globoso parvo; fructibus ignotis. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 11 km. northeast of Wilhelmina-top, Brass & Myer-Drees 9806 (type), September 1938, alt. 3400 m., alpine grassland, plentiful on sandy banks of stream (bushy shrub 20-40 cm. high); Brass & Myer-Drees 9671, September 1938, alt. 3400 m., rather dry grassy place (very small shrub; corolla white, anthers orange-yellow ; leaves grayish; twigs reddish brown). This species differs from Kelleria ericoides (Hook. f.) Domke and K. papuana Domke in the coarser decumbent habit and the slightly larger and spreading rather than erect appressed leaves. Both the latter species have an erect habit and leaves rather stiffly erect and closely appressed. ELAEAGNACEAE Elaeagnus Linnaeus Elaeagnus triflora Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: 459. 1821; Servettaz, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 25(2): 104. 1909. NETHERLANDS NEw GuInEA: Balim River, Brass 11703, December 1938, alt. 1600 m., in a relic strip of Castanopsis forest (large scrambling 268 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD. ARBORETUM [VOL. xxi shrub; flowers white; fruit red, fleshy); 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 13273, March 1939, alt. 850 m., seral rain-forest (scandent shrub with yellowish flowers). NORTHEASTERN New Guinea: Sattelberg, Clemens 169, 468, October 1935, alt. about 900 m., forest hill (scandent over trees; fruit tomato-red; flowers yellow, very fragrant). e have not found any previous record of the presence of this genus in New Guinea, but it is to be expected as it has long since been reported from Malaysia and Australia. The specimens here cited represent the subsp. tetragonia Servett. LYTHRACEAE Rotala Linnaeus Rotala mexicana Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 567. 1830; Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. 1: 150. 1881, Pflanzenr. 17(1V. 216): 29. 1903; Val. Bull. Dept. Agr. Ind. Néerl. 10: 36. 1907. BritisH NEw Guinea: Western Division, Mabaduan, Brass 6536, April 1936, a wet season ephemeral plant growing on wet soil around pools in savannah-forest. Since Mansfeld’s treatment of the Lythraceae of Papuasia begins with the statement that this family is represented in New Guinea by Ammannia, Pemphis and Lagerstroemia, it seems worth while to record this second collection (leaves both decussate and whorled) of Rotala mexicana Cham. & Schlecht. from British New Guinea, and also to call attention to Valeton’s previously published record of this species from Merauke, Netherlands New Guinea. Lagerstroemia Linnaeus Lagerstroemia Archeriana F. M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. Fl. 196. 1883: Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. 4: 408. 1883; F. M. Bail. Queensl. Fl. 2: 678, t. 24. 1900; Koehne, Pflanzenr. 17(1V. 216): 264. 1903. BritisH NEw Guinea: Western Division, Daru Island, Brass 6239. The collection is a good match for Brass 888 which Mr. C. T. White indicated as identical with Lagerstroemia Archeriana F. M. Bail. Koehne, in his treatment of the Lythraceae, assigned the species to section Trichocarpidium Koehne under the major caption, “Calyx aut ecostatis aut costis v. alis v. plicis sepalorum numero duplo munitus.” The contrasting caption, “Calyx costis v. alis v. auriculis a latere com- planatis tot quot sepalis munitus,” separating the section Pterocalymma 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VI 269 (Turcz.) Koehne from the others, seems to us a more suitable place to look for this species. Bailey described the calyx of his plant as promi- nently six-ribbed; the latter is an obvious character of the New Guinean collections. SONNERATIACEAE Sonneratia Linnaeus f. Sonneratia ovata Backer, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. III. 2: 329. 1920. BritisH NEw GUINEA: Western Division, Daru Island, Brass 6264, March 3, 1936, plentiful in landward edge of mangrove forests (hand- some thick foliaged tree 15-20 m. high; branches spreading, short; a few large pointed pneumatophores over 30 cm. high and + 6 cm. diameter; thick fissured, suberose, brown bark; leaves fleshy, nerves more prominent beneath; flowers white; fruit depressed, + 5.5 x 3.5 cm.). This species is based on specimens from Riouw, Java, Karimon Djawa Islands, Celebes and Moluccas. To this geographical range we now add New Guinea. Duabanga Buchanan-Hamilton Duabanga moluccana Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 109. 1849. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 2 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 13514, March 1939, alt. 750 m., occasional on slopes of primary rain-forest (tree 35 m. high; flowers yellow); Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 14015, April 1939, alt. 75 m., occasional in primary rain-forest on lower moun- tain slopes (tree 27 m. high; fruit green). British NEw GUINEA: Palmer River, 2 miles below Black River Junction, Brass 7289, July 1936, alt. 100 m., river flood-plain forest (branches stiff, robust, 1.5—2 m. long; petals in bud yellow-green). Except for slightly larger (up to 4 cm. long) and possibly more conical fruits, these collections are a good match for the Malaysian specimens of Duabanga moluccana Bl. in our herbarium. It is to be noted that Knuth, in separating his D. borneensis from this species, mentions only the difference in the size of the capsule. We have not sufficient material at hand to determine the range of variation in the size of the fruits of D. moluccana Bl., but we are a little wary of using such a character without other supporting differences. This is apparently the first record of the genus from New Guinea. 270 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII CRYPTERONIACEAE Crypteronia Blume Crypteronia Cumingii (Planch.) Endl. Gen. Suppl. 4(2): 39. 1847; Merrill, Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3: 139. 1923. —— oe Planch., Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 4: 478, t. 16, C. f. 1-4 NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 13584, April 1939, alt. 450 m., occasional in primary rain-forest (tree 24 m. high; buds green; bark dark brown, scaly). Although this specimen has only very young flower-buds, we are rea- sonably sure it represents Crypteronia Cumingii (Planch.) Endl., a species previously known from the Philippines and Borneo. If we have not overlooked some reference, this is the first record of the genus in Papuasia. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HarvaArpD UNIVERSITY. 1941] BRASS, NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA 271 THE 1938-39 EXPEDITION TO THE SNOW MOUNTAINS, NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA L. J. Brass With seven plates INTRODUCTION THE 1938-39 expedition was the third of a series undertaken by Mr. Richard Archbold, Research Associate, American Museum of Natural History, for general biological exploration on the still imperfectly known and partly unexplored island of New Guinea. The first of these expe- ditions’ covered in 1933-34 a section from Hall Sound on the south coast of the Territory of Papua to the summit of Mt. Albert Edward (3980 m.), and visited the Oriomo River, between the Fly River and the border of Netherlands New Guinea. The second expedition,” * in 1936-37, examined the Fly River from the coast to the foothills of the central mountain complex, and the country of the Wassi Kussa River, also in Papua. The chief objective planned for the 1938-39 expedition was a Cross section of the northern slopes of the Snow Mountains, from the Idenburg River to Mt. Wilhelmina, in Netherlands New Guinea. The Snow Mountains, the most lofty section of the high central range of the island, rise to an elevation of 5000 m. in Mt. Carstensz, and six of the peaks — the Idenburg Mts., Mt. Carstensz, Mt. Wilhelmina, J. P. Coen Mts., Prins Hendrik Mt. and Juliana Peak —are capped with eternal snow. A large lake (Lake Habbema) was known to exist at an altitude of over 3000 m. on the north fall of the range, near Mt. Wil- helmina, and on this lake it was proposed to land a party by airplane and there establish a base for operations up and down the slopes. As early as 1912 the Wollaston Expedition had penetrated from the south coast and reached the edge of the permanent snow on Mt. Carstensz; and in 1936 Colijn had led an expedition to its summit. Mount Wilhelmina was climbed from the south side by the Lorentz-van 1ARCHBOLD, RicHaRD and : Summary of the 1933-34 Papuan Ex- sedition. ie IL. Am. Mus. ce aie Py 527. 579. 1935. “Brass, L. J. Notes on the vegetation of the Fly and Wassi Kussa Rivers, British New Guinea. Jour. Arnold Arb. 19: 174-190. 1938 8Ranp, A. L. and L. J. Brass. Summary of the 1936-37 New Guinea Expedition. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 77: 341-380. 1940. 272 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xxn Nouhuys Expedition in 1909, and again in 1913 by the Herderschee Expedition. In 1921 the Kremer Expedition, approaching from the north past Lake Habbema, had also reached the summit of Mt. Wil- helmina. These expeditions, all but the last, had brought back collec- tions from high altitudes on the Snow Mountains, but, owing to the difficult conditions under which they were made, and the short time spent at the upper levels, none was very extensive. In 1920, Lam, botanist to the van Overeem Expedition, made large gatherings of plants on the outlying Doorman-top. Several expeditions had made zoological and botanical collections on various parts of the Idenburg River. To carry out the work projected it was necessary to seek the aid and co-operation of the Government of the Netherlands East Indies. This was given in full and generous measure, and a joint expedition, called the Indisch-Amerikaansche Expeditie, was formed under the general leadership of Archbold. A military covering party of 56 officers and men, under the command of Staff Captain C. G. J. Teerink, was provided by the Indies Government. Doctor L. J. Toxopeus was attached as entomologist, Dr. E. Myer-Drees as forester, and Mr. Ch. Versteegh as assistant forester. The American staff consisted of Dr. A. L. Rand, ornithologist and assistant leader, Mr. W. B. Richardson, mammalogist, and the writer in charge of botanical collections. Seventy-three Dyaks from east-central Borneo were recruited as carriers and field assistants for the scientific party. The military escort had a carrier force of 30 convicts — mostly Javanese. As finally constituted the expedition per- sonnel numbered about 200 men. For aérial transport, Archbold provided a two-engined Consolidated P.B.Y.2 flying-boat — the “Guba” — with a crew of four in charge of Pilot R. R. Rogers. To assure the co-ordination of operations essential to an expedition of the kind, the equipment included portable radio sets by means of which the various field parties could keep in touch with each other, maintain communications with coastal headquarters, and with the airplane while in flight. * OK Ok Ok Ok Ox The expedition yielded about 6000 numbers of plants in all, of which 69 per cent occurred above 1000 m. and 20 per cent at elevations exceed- ing 3000 m. With the exception of about 600 numbers from coastal localities and the Idenburg River, which Myer-Drees collected inde- pendently for Buitenzorg, these collections are deposited at the Arnold Arboretum. Before returning to Java in October, 1938, Myer-Drees assisted in general botanizing on Mt. Wilhelmina; and included in the 1941] BRASS, NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA 273 main collections are 602 numbers representing trees from which Versteegh took wood specimens for the Forest Research Institute, Buitenzorg. The Pandanaceae, Ulmaceae, Pittosporaceae, Rosaceae, Geraniaceae, Oxalidaceae, Rutaceae, Meliaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Celastraceae, Sapinda- ceae, Rhamnaceae, Barringtoniaceae, Rhizophoraceae, and several other families represented by very few numbers have been determined by Dr. E. D. Merrill and Dr. L. M. Perry; the Theaceae and Oleaceae by Dr. C. E. Kobuski; the Myristicaceae, Monimiaceae, and Hippocrateaceae by Dr. A. C. Smith; the Musci by Dr. E. B. Bartram; and in part, the Boraginaceae by Dr. I. M. Johnston, the Selaginellaceae by Mr. A. H. G. Alston, the grasses by Mrs. Agnes Chase, and the ferns by Prof. E. B. Copeland. Numbers following a generic name in the text of this paper are the field numbers of the writer, under which collections made conjointly with Myer-Drees and Versteegh also appear. ith some few exceptions, the generic names thus used are from a list of preliminary sight identifications kindly supplied by Dr. Merrill. ITINERARY AND ROUTES In April-June, 1938, a coastal base was established at Hollandia, a civil administration post and small settlement on the west side of Humboldt Bay, connected by monthly steamer with Makassar and Java. Then followed, between June 21 and 27, a series of four preliminary flights for the purpose of examining the country in which the inland party proposed to operate. The first aim of these flights was a recon- naissance of Lake Habbema, which, from its large size and situation among not too high ridges, proved eminently suitable for a high altitude air base. Mount Wilhelmina and its approaches were also examined at this time. To ensure a safe retreat to the coast in the event of a mishap to the airplane, it was necessary to find a route, as short and direct as the nature of the country would allow, from Lake Habbema to the Iden- burg River, and to select a site for an emergency supply base on the Idenburg. In successfully carrying out this part of the aérial recon- naissance, there was discovered, to the east of the route followed by Kremer’s party, in country previously unexplored and unseen from the air, a very extensive system of heavily populated valleys that com- menced little more than a day’s walk from Lake Habbema and extended far north and northwest towards the Idenburg. The northernmost of the new valleys drained to the Wal or Hablifoert River, a tributary of the Idenburg. Most of them were, however, laterals of a great central valley, to which the name “Groote Vallei” was given 274 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx by the Netherlands members of the party. About 80 km. long and up to 20 km. wide, this central valley had a bottom elevation of 1500-1700 m. and was found to be drained by the Balim (or Baliem) River, the headwaters of which were discovered by the Kremer Expedition in 1921. Flowing first west-northwest from the slopes of Mt. Wilhelmina and receiving the waters of Lake Habbema, the Balim described a wide loop to the east and southeast, then cut through the Snow Mountains in a deep gorge to join the Reiger, the main branch of the Lorentz River, which flows to the south coast. The Grand Valley of the Balim, and many of its laterals, had been almost completely deforested up to elevations of 2300-2400 m. on the sides of the surrounding mountains. The utmost limit of cultivation was in the neighbourhood of 2500 m. Whole mountain ridges had been stripped of their original vegetation and their contours laid bare under a pale coating of grass. On these bald ridges were many village groups of gardens walled with stones, and marking their surface, in pleasing native irregularity, were the old walls which had enclosed former culti- vation plots. The pock-marked effect given by sinkholes indicated that most of the country rock was limestone. In the main valley the plane flew low over numerous walled or stockaded villages and beautifully patterned gardens laid out on rich alluvial flats. Broad ditches in these gardens were in many cases full of water, for much of the valley bottom was low lying and swampy. A first estimate of 60,000 people in these, for New Guinea, highly cultivated valleys, was probably too conservative. The usual direction flown from Hollandia on the reconnaissance and subsequent transport flights was approximately 240° for 200 km. to the Idenburg, then 220° for 100 km. to Lake Habbema or Mt. Wilhelmina. On this course, after leaving the hilly shores of Humboldt Bay, with their discontinous fringe of secondary grassland, the Cyclops Mts. were passed on their inland side and the plane flew over Lake Sentani. Lake Sentani, beginning 10 km. from the coast, has a length of about 25 km., a width of 1-12 km., and lies at an elevation of 80 m. above sea level. From the air the lake is seen to be surrounded by hills partly covered with rain-forest but mostly by treeless grassland. Remarkably distinct lines of trees border the shores at the foot of the grassy hills and fill the gullies that score their sides. In some parts the shores are fringed with sago swamps. Off-lying valleys on the south and west sides look like dry arms of the lake. The lake carries a population of 7000 people, most of whom live in villages built on piles over the water. The grasslands are undoubtedly a secondary condition following deforesta- tion by the natives. Clearing for gardens, the process by which these 1941] BRASS, NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA 275 grasslands are formed, can at any time be seen in operation on the forest edges. In the comparatively dry “winter” season of the southeast trade- winds, the fires which secure the invading grasses against the re-establish- ment of the original forest are almost a daily occurrence on some part of the area. A somewhat scattered population continued westward on the line of flight for a distance of perhaps 30 km. from Lake Sentani. There, and in a parallel flat valley to the south of the lake, were extensive grassy areas, some of them secondary, others apparently patches of marshy land not suited for the growth of trees. Beyond the disturbed area of Lake Sentani was a broad tract of low mountain country, completely forested, and carrying a very sparse popu- lation living in small villages or scattered solitary houses. Apparently of limestone, the mountains attained a fairly even elevation of perhaps 800 to 1000 m. and lay in closely parallel ridges trending east-southeast and west-northwest. When passing over them in early morning, there could be seen, when the weather was clear, two snow-capped peaks of the Central Range, far to the south. On one occasion, when flying at 3500 m. after a period of storms, Mt. Wilhelmina, with snow far down its sides and its top clear cut and icy, presented a magnificent sight, heightened in effect by a dark overcast and the blue-black of the lesser heights. Between these still largely unexplored low mountains and the central mountain mass lies the valley of the Idenburg—the Meervlakte or Lake Plain. About 60 km. wide where it was crossed, the Meervlakte, as the name implies, is flat and swampy. Muddy tributaries loop over the plain to join the main river, which flows along the southern side, near the base of the central mountains. The Idenburg is a broad stream, winding and silt-laden, with an amazing number of cut off U-bends and often islands formed by the shifting of the channel. Out on the plain are big lagoons and areas of open grass marsh. Forests of. swamp- inhabiting slender trees are conspicuous from the air and the open canopy and abundance of sago palms in more mixed forest further testify to the swampy nature of the ground. Later it was learned that even the dense closed forests are inundated to a depth of one to two meters for months on end in the season of the northwest monsoons. The Meervlakte extends up the Idenburg for a distance of about 170 km. from the Mamberamo. Similar conditions are reported to prevail for about an equal distance on the Rouffaer River, the west branch of the Mamberamo. Probably the greater part of these areas is under water from December to May, when the rivers, dammed back by rapids on the Mamberamo, overflow their banks. 276 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. Xx The first line of the central mountains rises sharply from the Meerv- lakte in a complex system of bold ridges which proved to consist of dark- coloured plutonic rocks. Except for one marshy valley draining into what is now known as Archbold Lake, areas deforested by natives, and the tops of the higher outlying peaks such as Angemoek and the Doorman-top, the ranges are forested up to high altitudes on the Snow Mountains. Practically every valley of consequence on the course from the Idenburg to the Balim carried some population. But not until Arch- bold Lake was passed did population have any great disturbing effect upon the forests. So far as could be seen from the air, the commence- ment of heavy population coincided with the change of the country rock to limestone. The uniform reddish colour of the young leaves indicated some change, and a pronounced dominance, in the composition of the mountain forests (afterwards found to be of Nothofagus); for in their young-leaf colours the mixed rain-forests of lower levels presented a diversity of greens, yellows and browns, as well as reds. Above about 3000 m. on the slopes of the Snow Mts. the forests assumed a sombre hue, and soon after that long tongues of grassland, very different in appearance from the grass- lands of the deforested valleys, descended in hollows from the alpine heights. Lake Habbema lies in the outermost and shorter of two broad grassy valleys that run parallel to the axis of the range on a high, shelf-like plain. The Habbema valley is perhaps twice as long as the lake, which has a length of about 4 km., a width of 2 km., and is 3225 m. above sea level. The inner valley, in which a headwater stream of the Balim proper flows westward and the Wamena tributary eastward from an almost imperceptible divide, continues for an undetermined distance far to the west in the direction of Mt. Carstensz. The bottoms of these valleys of the high plain are flat and treeless. They contain many little pools and are drained by winding streams lined with the curious Cycas-like tree- ferns peculiar to high altitudes in New Guinea. There are also numer- ous pools on the tops of the smooth ridges that separate the two high valleys and form the rim of the Grand Valley. These ridges rise 75—125 m. above the plain, and carry shrubberies and mossy scrubs in which numerous slender conifers (Libocedrus) rise above the lower vegetation. There is little closed forest. From the air, cushions of golden-brown moss are conspicuous on the trees, and patches of the same colour appear in the shrubberies. On the rugged main ridge of the Snow Mts., there was considerable low tree growth under bluffs and in other sheltered places up to an eleva- 1941] BRASS, NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA 277 tion of about 3900 m. The higher parts west of Mt. Wilhelmina con- sisted mainly of bare grey-white rock, frequently with a smooth weathered surface exhibiting a criss-cross pattern of cracks. On the summit of the strongly stratified knife-edged limestone ridge of Mt. Wilhelmina peak was a small area of permanent snow. Several small lakes and shallow ponds occurred on both sides of Mt. Wilhelmina about 1000 m. below the summit. A long narrow lake lay between two sharp ridges that formed a double crest to the range about a dozen kilometres to the east of the peak. On one occasion the plane passed over the summit of Mt. Angemoek, an outlying, unexplored peak rising to 3950 m. a little to the west of the regular route. This peak was forested almost to the summit on the north side, while to the south it sloped down in a grassy plateau, perhaps 200 acres in extent, on which were two small ponds some 500 m. below the summit. After the reconnaissance flights, a military detachment commanded by Lieut. V. J. E. M. van Arcken was landed on the Idenburg with carriers and stores for three months, for the purpose of establishing a river base, building canoes for use in case of an emergency, and exploring a route to the newly discovered Balim Valley. A trial landing with the airplane was then made on Lake Habbema. On July 19 began the transport flights to the lake, where, by the end of the month, 105 men, comprising scientific party and military covering party and carriers, with full equipment and food for ninety days, were landed in eleven trips. Meanwhile, van Arcken was making his way in to the Grand Valley, where he was to be met by Teerink with a patrol from Lake Habbema. Guided by aérial photographs, notes and sketch maps made on the reconnaissance flights, and provisioned by parachutes dropped from the airplane, the two patrols met at a pre-arranged spot on the Balim River on August 13. This was a fine achievement, and an excellent illustration of the speed and precision with which exploration can be carried out with modern facilities and the efficient co-ordination of operations on land and in the air. Good contacts were established with the natives, the way prepared for work planned for the scientific party in the Grand Valley, and a land route opened up by which the highland party could, if necessary, withdraw from Lake Habbema to the Idenburg in 14 days of travel. The month of August was occupied in collecting at Lake Habbema, and excursions were made to the slopes of Mt. Wilhelmina and down the slopes from the lake to examine possibilities for collecting and to choose sites for camps. On such excursions advantage was taken of 278 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xxu well defined native tracks which, ascending from the inhabited valleys, passed over the highlands in all directions and even crossed the summit of the range at an altitude of 3800 m. September was spent at collecting camps established at 3560 m, and 3800 m. on the northern slopes of Mt. Wilhelmina. Attempts to reach the summit of the peak, extending over two weeks, were frustrated by bad weather. The highest point reached was attained by Archbold and Rand, who, approaching by the main ridge from the west, climbed through mist to an altitude of 4500 m. Leaving a small military unit to maintain Lake Habbema Camp as a supply base, early in October the main party moved down the slopes toward the Grand Valley and established camp in high Nothofagus- forest at an altitude of 2800 m., five carrier hours from the lake. A subalpine type of forest dominated by Podocarpus papuanus Ridl., superior to any hitherto seen, extended down the slopes to 3100 m. The new camp was placed on the edge of a planted Pandanus grove, in which stood a well built hut roofed with bark. = = " “WrZ = %e fs 3 ig & WININD MIN 1SV3 i ° a WE Dee = < " ig > he = 2a, -ay WI Me = Yes ne "Ed, bs wt WG Mig AW Ayn ix a EVAL RAL aS é 9 (é = a I> at Lb % rs 2 S) Sire, Mau, 00's we Wau RU i Et ~ We Ee % é &/3, et} 7 Says . I %\ Pe x Fel nt | ' Be Fale ae a “pte, = Wt YY =] - > Pa Sav = LS Ps 5 FESO ik Ve _ pe ae en SSE Se “Et SS aed 3 wwf wr WN S aT Uy \ f, Pll! IW " Ae Zeon, € Shiny “et VAX ey 3 oy \ ng Pn CESS iS hy: LF ony Se OL ARO GS a = Reet 4 WUE SWZ Nol 5,2 rr % 3 23% Ne wie 5 I BF { ee sly AY espe Se es so NR ott’ Of F aD hace ae tty, \. guast| gud yh + qj Fite Pee 2 “nn, ee. |S” ” nl ; S 5 Sis a gms 7 Min s| % y Ml fs \ =z F Ter wr Hae] BLAU \ 5 By srs BN tie, BRNO Cs S = % % ») SAE =, Fini, in $ € me 2S < se ee ¥ 3 N %, 2 Si 2 ¥ = %, yr we ne t 3 Dae % ¥ on® = 8 ° : EX F & NB aa 2 || Je lo) we yy = te Ee o 3 £ E 2s d% = Ths a aS ‘ on Skt = 3 Ha S 3 P, = ow Ne G ee 3 - Pay KES 2 A 4 < _— Hp \ My, ae “gue Re a< ABA DE At re a - as > ZO eS wy oO EAD b7 74 nin Wee a %, é. NB SAS s ‘ WSS VS 7s oye s wel } WS = St 2 w~ we FZ =N} \) 5 aye aes WS \ | / y Jie nN zs hs MW Cy. My a 1 a i Ma ay Sim, VF = =? N My ye = Si —'Lay 47 ye NY oy See swe as Sle "| z 1X, S BME ZS. SH Me Fe ME hy ™ a Miys “ GRE We %, Y=. 7 4 Yims ~SP a oy Be 2 Mn lAgy ™~ hors, > = "9 we VE WR SX g = 4 3 S ZS Epil % [5 ana DS. #gSE « 4 AW Fie OS r ee = & A a7 NZ, ‘ = = SUM, S ~ = © >, PRIN, SS z SSS >, Fi, \o o : SS Wee TZ! ig = = \ 7 £€ a 7") mFS = G i, SSF as eas a SS : § $ WSS OF -ctity= E SS = “Aj = = > yo iy WIN SEIN Soe oo 2S = z SE BWI ores O GA = “a Wiz .. » iy = = : iy, EMit = Gon, pet, NY Pan) VE Mil, @ < Sun, Ca WAX NG SNY “-- i ; Say?” GINA, Ese NG P 4 Jee WS S BY NSSS Zing Ss88S iil, 9% ayy * WWE, BEX AHO SR NAS SEE FAN “Moy wat & bod” Ss Fine ANS AWE 77) WR BEN GS 6s Tapa) te yw Wa SSS ngs WE SB ilFares Gs SN 4 . ws < > = y Ba =S Der Om eee: wi Ye fF SS aw = > Hlé Ss we: Tso Vc? SVS 5 SOU ans z S it Rese F =") 10 SEES S w te eS 2 Zs, wth Sy sic & S87" BO Is ane 3 a, oe std ¢ at %& JE Ws = PZ NFS S§ 3 \ ye 3 4 ee ==> SS = > Z we Mg SeINSSh D> WAGE SM S Cs SHANA NOSE ‘ pa EE SS SMW W/Z SSOF od > cae w"Z sss, “FS " WV ST BSS SSS Wwe % Se, S GSW S, oS NSS 34, 5 a a . Wes S FRIST aay ett S735) Ss, x nS Hae, ZEW. SByy7} 4 WY MYM F, Ata ZEN 7, RSO Sirs ib “yz Pica\) NY; De A Ey : 5 vay 3h) s 9 aye e' 2 ye 3 : WL ott e ay oes a ae a a ol ay = x “ = 5 we Aa gee a Wn ; AS = 2 Z ht Ee se -_~ = & we ° Ue 3 we ae WL ee ‘ 5 — ° m wt Tue 1938—39 ExpepITION TO THE SNow Mountains, NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 343 STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III* A. C. SMITH GUTTIFERAE THE most essential treatments of Guttiferae, for a study of the Papuasian species, are those of Vesque (in DC. Monogr. Phan. 8: 1-669. 1893), Lauterbach (Bot. Jahrb. 58: 1-49. fig. 1-10. 1922), and Engler (in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. ed. 2. 21: 154-237. fig. 68-107. 1925). In the present paper, only the new or otherwise noteworthy species of recent collections are discussed; the order of genera and sections proposed by Engler is followed. My work has been facilitated by the examination of specimens in the following herbaria: Arnold Arboretum (A), New York Botanical Garden (NY), Yale School of Forestry (Y); the place of deposit is shown by the parenthetical letters, in the absence of which the specimen is to be found only in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum. Hypericum L. Hypericum (§ Brathys) habbemense sp. nov. Frutex glaber gracilis ramosus ad 2 m. altus, ramulis gracilibus sub- teretibus fuscis vel purpurascentibus, novellis leviter complanatis vel obscure quadrangulatis; foliis oppositis, laminis sessilibus subamplexi- caulibus papyraceis ovato-ellipticis, (9-)12-23 mm. longis, (4—) 7-17 mm. latis, basi rotundatis, apice rotundatis vel obtusis, margine integris vel obscure undulatis, copiose glandulis utrinque paullo prom- inulis pellucido-punctatis, siccitate fusco-olivaceis vel subtus pallidiori- bus, 7—1l-nervatis, nervis adscendentibus utrinque prominulis vel supra subplanis rete venularum inconspicuo obscure conjunctis; floribus nunc terminalibus et solitariis nunc in cymas plus minusve foliatas aggregatis sub anthesi 23-25 mm. diametro; pedicellis gracilibus ad 15 mm. longis apicem versus gradatim incrassatis; sepalis 5 persistentibus papyraceis lanceolato-ellipticis, 4-5 mm. longis, 1.5-2.2 mm. latis, longitudinaliter pellucido-glanduloso-lineolatis, apice obtusis, marginem versus parce pel- lucido-punctatis, margine interdum nigro-glanduloso-callosis; petalis 5 patentibus membranaceis obovato-ellipticis, 11-13 mm. longis, 6-8 mm. *(Botanical Results of the ae Archbold Expeditions) See Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: 60-80. 1941; op. cit. 231- 344 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII latis, flabellatim 12—15-nervatis (nervis saepe furcatis), basi conspicue angustatis, apice rotundatis, margine integris et saepe parce glandulosis; staminibus 25-30 liberis, filamentis gracilibus 5-7 mm. longis, antheris ellipsoideis circiter 0.6 mm. longis; ovario ovoideo-ellipsoideo sub anthesi circiter 3.5 mm. longo et 2.5 mm. lato uniloculari, basi rotundato, pla- centis 3—5 parietalibus circiter 0.3 mm. latis, stylis 3-5 (raro 6) gra- cilibus 2—2.5 mm. longis, stigmatibus subtruncatis; capsulis stylis ex- ceptis circiter 6 mm. longis polyspermis, apice stylis persistentibus cor- onatis, 3(—5)-valvis, seminibus complanatis ellipticis utrinque rotun- datis 0.3-0.4 mm. longis. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2600-2650 m., Brass 10865 (TYPE), Oct. 1938 (slender erect shrub up to 2 m. high, plentiful on open landslips in forest), Brass 10979 (sparsely branched shrub 0.5—2 m. high, plentiful on open landslips in forest of lower slopes; flowers yellow, showy); Bele River, 18 km. north- east of Lake Habbema, alt. 2200 m., Brass 11361 (slender shrub about 1 m. high, plentiful on open grassy banks of river; flowers yellow) ; southern slopes of Grand Valley (Lake Habbema region), alt. 1800-2000 m., Brass (coll. Teerink) 9261 (flowers yellow). Hypericum habbemense is very distinct among species of the region, characterized by its fairly tall shrubby habit, its comparatively large, rounded, and conspicuously pellucid-punctate leaf-blades, its very large flowers, numerous stamens, and the variability in the number of its styles and placentas. While the styles appear to be most often three in number, four and five are common, and six are occasionally seen, but in this latter case I have not observed more than five placentas. I have not seen material of H. Hellwigii Lauterb., but according to the description, H. habbemense is probably allied, differing in the char- acters mentioned above. Hypericum papuanum Ridley is described as an herb with smaller leaves and flowers than the new species, but nevertheless it seems possible that Ridley’s species was based on a depauperate specimen and is actually the same as H. habbemense. As the description of H. papuanum is entirely inadequate, I venture to describe our plant as new, but a comparison of the types should even- tually be made. CALOPHYLLUM L. Calophyllum (§ Apoterium) procerum sp. nov. Arbor grandis ubique praeter partes novellas et bracteas inflorescen- tiarum ferrugineo- vel cinereo-puberulas vel tomentellas glabra, ramulis novellis angulatis mox teretibus et cinereis; petiolis 7-13 mm. longis 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 345 canaliculatis superne complanatis; laminis coriaceis oblongo-ellipticis, 4-7 cm. longis, 2—4 cm. latis, basi acutis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice rotundatis vel obtusis, margine paullo incrassatis, costa valida supra conspicue canaliculata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus nu- merosissimis (24-32 per centimetrum) patentibus utrinque leviter pro- minulis; inflorescentiis juvenilibus (solis visis) compactis minutis in ramulis inter folia orientibus vel interdum axillaribus; bracteis basi in- florescentiae 4 submembranaceis vel papyraceis elliptico-oblongis, 2.5—3 mm. longis, circiter 1.5 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, extus minute tomen- tellis; floribus 4 vel 5 per inflorescentiam pseudofasciculatis (minute racemosis, rhachi brevissima) bracteolis minutis glabris subtentis; sep- alis 4, 2 exterioribus papyraceis suborbicularibus concavis in specimine nostro immaturis circiter 1 mm. longis et latis, 2 interioribus similibus sed submembranaceis; petalis ut videtur nullis; staminibus numerosis (80-100), filamentis immaturis brevissimis, antheris oblongis obtusis; ovario minuto glabro. British NEw GuINEA: Western Division, Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, Brass 7589 (TYPE), Aug. 1936 (large tree with rounded leafy crown, forming, with a few other species, a scattered super-canopy layer in rain-forest; trunk cylindric, the bark gray, hard, deeply fissured, about 3 cm. thick on old trees; sap yellowish; the natives use this tree for their larger dugout canoes). Although the inflorescences of the cited specimen are immature, it is apparent that even at maturity they would be unusually small, com- pact, and few-flowered. The position of the inflorescences, which are usually scattered along the branchlets rather than axillary, is also re- markable. Calophyllum procerum is a relative of C. Versteegii Lauterb., from which it differs in its longer petioles as well as in the size and position of the inflorescences as above mentioned. sia rl ($ Apoterium) Warburgii Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. III. 6: 222. 1893; Lauterb. Nova Guin. Bot. 8: 843. 1912; nN Bot. Jahrb. 58: 13, 1922, Calophyllum lanceolatum Warb. Bot. Jahrb. 13: 381. 1891; non BI. (1825), non Teijsm. & Binn. (1855). BriTIsH NEw GUINEA: Western Division, Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, Brass 7698 (common tree in rain-forest canopy, the bark hard, suberose, fissured, with yellow latex; flowers white), Brass 7724 (shapely tree 8-10 m. high, common in second growth rain-forest on old garden sites, the bark rusty brown, slightly flaky and with scattered very large lenticels; sap yellow, viscid; flowers white, fragrant), Brass 346 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XX 7745 (common tree of rain-forest canopy layer, the dark brown, thick, lenticellate, marked with shallow longitudinal fissures; sap cream- colored; flowers white, the filaments very slender), Brass 7748 (better flowering material of 7745). The species has previously been reported only from the Key Islands and southern Netherlands New Guinea. Among the cited specimens, 7698 is an excellent match with Warburg 20048 (type coll.) ; the other specimens have a tendency toward slightly broader leaves, more ample inflorescences, and larger sepals, but these characters hardly seem of nomenclatural value. Also of this relationship is Brass 7385 (BritisH NEW GuINEA: Palmer River, 2 miles below junction with Black River, alt. 100 m.; canopy tree, common on the lower ridges). This specimen, in fruit, has leaves similar to those of the type collection of C. Warburgii but with the lateral nerves slightly more spaced. The fruiting inflorescences are racemose, up to 6.5 cm. long, and the apparently mature fruits are subglobose and about 14 mm. in diameter. Additional collections are desirable in order to ascertain the range of variation of C. Warburgii. Calophyllum (§ Apoterium) trachycaule Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 58: 13. fig. 3. 1922. British New GuINneEA: Central Division, Kubuna, alt. 100 m., Brass 5654 (A, NY) (densely foliaged symmetrical tree 10 m. high, in rain- forest on low ridges, the bark pale brown, somewhat scaly; fruit dull blue). The cited specimen agrees very well with the description and illustra- tion of C. trachycaule, previously known from Northeastern New Guinea. Our specimen has the leaf-blades slightly larger (to 15 cm. long and 5 cm. broad) than those described and the fruits also somewhat larger (to 25 mm. long and 22 mm. broad), but these differences appear of little consequence. Calophyllum (§ Jnophyllum?) solomonense sp. nov. Arbor grandis, ramulis juventute leviter angulatis (et gemmis) ferru- gineo-puberulis vel -strigillosis mox subteretibus et fusco-cinereis; pe- tiolis decidue puberulis rugosis crassis 15-23 mm. longis; laminis coriaceis subnitidis elliptico-oblongis, 11-23 cm. longis, 5.5-10 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel acutis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice ut videtur obtusis vel rotundatis, margine incrassatis et leviter recurvatis, supra glabris, subtus praeter costam decidue ferrugineo-tomentellam glabris, costa valida supra valde elevata et inferne canaliculata subtus prominente et carinata, nervis lateralibus numerosis (18-26 per centimetrum) patenti- 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 347 bus leviter curvatis utrinque paullo prominulis; inflorescentiis sub fructu axillaribus racemosis (vel ut videtur interdum pseudofasciculatis) fruc- tibus inclusis ad 4 cm. longis, pedunculo brevi et rhachi ad 12 mm. longis cum pedicellis 14-17 mm. longis rugosis et glabris, fructibus 1-3 per inflorescentiam ovoideo- subglobosis maturitate ad 22 mm. diametro, apice obtusis et stylo saepe coronatis, pericarpio 1.5—3 mm. crasso extra levi vel demum rugoso. SoLoMoN IsLANps: Guadalcanal: Ma-massa, Konga, alt. 500 m., Kajewski 2469 (type), Feb. 8, 1931 (large tree up to 25 m. high, common in rain-forest, sometimes found on creek-banks and overhang- ing streams, the bark furrowed; native name: coi-low; an excellent tim- ber-tree). Ysabel: Tataba, alt. 50 m., Brass 3447 (common tree on rain-forest ridges, attaining large size, the bark rough, brown, scaly, the wood brown, tough; sap yellow, very viscid; branchlets, petioles, mid- ribs, and leaf-margins brown; fruits mottled-green). Calophyllum solomonense cannot definitely be referred to a section in the absence of flowers, but it bears a close resemblance to C. inophyllum L. in foliage, differing obviously in its greatly contracted inflorescences. In the Brass specimen the fruits appear to be solitary in the leaf-axils; in the type this is rarely the case, the fruits being arranged on very short racemes. The fruits of the Brass specimen are apparently essen- tially mature, in which condition they are much smaller than those of C. inophyllum. Calophyllum vitiense Turrill and C. samoense Chris- tophersen are also of the relationship of C. solomonense, but both have slightly narrower leaf-blades, more ample inflorescences, and probably larger fruits. To the best of my knowledge, only the ubiquitous sea- coast C. inophyllum has thus far been reported in the genus from the Solomons. Calophyllum (§ J/nophyllum) vitiense Turrill, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 43:17. 1915 SoLoMON IsLanps: Bougainville: Koniguru, Buin, alt. 850 m., Kajewski 2020 (tree to 35 m. high, eommon in rain-forest; fruit yellow when ripe, to 38 mm. long and 25 mm. broad; native name: pugtaro,; a good timber-tree). Guadalcanal: Ma-massa, Konga, alt. 400 m., Kajewski 2463 (tree to 40 m. high, common in rain-forest, with medium-sized flanges and a rough furrowed bark; fruit black when ripe, to 30 mm. long and 22 mm. broad; tree furnishing an exceptionally fine cabinet wood); Uulolo, Tutuve Mt., alt. 1200 m., Kajewski 2657 (tree to 30 m. high, common in rain-forest, the bark rough, furrowed; fruit purple when ripe, to 26 mm. long and 22 mm. broad; tree fur- nishing a fine cabinet wood). 348 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII The cited specimens are all in fruit, in which condition they agree in every respect with Seemann 47 (cotype coll.) and several other Fijian specimens of C. vitiense. If my determination is correct, the species is to be anticipated in the New Hebrides. From Kajewski’s notes, it seems that the tree is fairly common at middle elevation in the Solomons and is conspicuous by its great size. Calophyllum (§ Jnophyllum) papuanum Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 58: 9. 1922. NETHERLANDS New GuINEA: 4-6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 850-1200 m., Brass & Versteegh 13124 (occasional tree of primary forest in flood-plain, 23 m. high, the trunk 30 cm. diam., the crown small; bark 4 mm. thick, brownish black, with some dark yellow sap; sap-wood brown; heart-wood reddish brown; fruits green), Brass & Versteegh 12518 (frequent tree of primary forest on the slope of a ridge, 34 m. high, the trunk 45 cm. diam., the crown fairly small; bark 10 mm. thick, dark brown, with yellow resin; wood red-brown; fruits green), Brass 12786 (canopy tree in rain-forest, 25 m. high, the trunk 35 cm. diam.; lower surfaces of leaves brown-pubescent). NortTH- EASTERN NEw GuINEA: Morobe District, Sattelberg, alt. 750 m. Cle- mens 2278 (tree about 15 m. tall, on forest hill; fruits green) ; Yunzaing, alt. 1400 m., Clemens 3656 (tree 30 m. high, in high forest, the trunk about 1 m. diam.; fruit green) ; Ogeramnang, alt. 1850 m., Clemens 5389. Although the cited specimens bear fruit and leaves only, they can be referred to C. papuanum with some confidence; they agree with the de- scription in all respects, including the persistently tomentellous or con- spicuously puberulent aspect of the distal branchlets and the lower sur- face of the costa. Our specimens occasionally have the leaf-blades up to 10 cm. long and 5 cm. broad, slightly larger than those described by Lauterbach. The leaf-blades are often deciduously farinose-puberulent beneath. A description of the fruits, based on the cited material, follows: Fruiting inflorescences compact, hardly exceeding 4 cm. in length (in- cluding fruits), the peduncles and pedicels stout, farinose-puberulent, the pedicels (above ultimate articulations) 5-8 mm. long; fruits usually re- duced to 1 per inflorescence, glabrous, subglobose, at maturity about 2.5 cm. in diameter, the pericarp 4-8 mm. thick, smooth, the mesocarp spongy ; seed ovoid. Calophyllum (§ /nophyllum) pauciflorum sp. nov. Arbor grandis ubique praeter partes novellas evanescenter ferrugineo- puberulas glabra, ramulis gracilibus novellis quadrangularibus demum teretibus et cinereis; petiolis rugulosis canaliculatis 3-10 mm. longis; 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 349 laminis coriaceis rhomboideo-ellipticis vel -obovatis, 3—7.5 cm. longis, 1.5-3.5 cm. latis, basi acutis, apice obtusis vel rotundatis, margine in- crassdtis et saepe recurvatis, subtus minute sed copiose glanduloso- punctulatis, costa supra elevata et basim versus leviter canaliculata subtus prominente carinata, nervis lateralibus numerosissimis (18-25 per centimetrum) obliquis supra subimmersis subtus prominulis; inflo- rescentiis apices ramulorum versus axillaribus racemosis vel reductis et simplicioribus 1—3-floris, sub anthesi 1—-1.5 cm. longis, pedunculo brevi et pedicellis (3-5 mm. longis) incrassatis, bracteis mox caducis; floribus sub anthesi 7-10 mm. diametro; sepalis 4, 2 exterioribus papyraceis late suborbicularibus, circiter 4 mm. longis et 4.5-5 mm. latis, glabris vel in- terdum extus inconspicue puberulis, 2 interioribus ut petalis similibus; petalis 4 submembranaceis obovato-suborbicularibus, 6—7.5 mm. longis et latis, arcte nervatis, margine scariosis et puberulenti-ciliolatis; stam- inibus numerosissimis (circiter 100), filamentis gracillimis Aleaeibis ad 6 mm. longis, antheris oblongis circiter 2 mm. longis apice mucronu- latis; ovario glabro ovoideo sub anthesi circiter 2 mm. longo, stylo crasso ovarium aequante, stigmate peltato circiter 2 mm. diametro margine crenulato obscure trifido; inflorescentiis sub fructu brevibus (fructibus inclusis ad 3 cm. longis), pedunculo pedicellisque paullo incrassatis, fructibus plerumque solitariis subglobosis maturitate (?) ad 17 mm. diametro, apice stylo subpersistente coronatis, pericarpio 2-3 mm. crasso extus levi. NORTHEASTERN NEw GuInEA: Morobe District, Yunzaing, alt. 1250- 1550 m., Clemens 2378 (TypPE), Apr. 21, 1936 (large tree, in Mt. Aloki forest; flowers white; anthers golden), Clemens 3849 ; Ogeramnang, alt. 1700 m., Clemens 4955. The type bears flowers, 3849 fruits, and 4955 flower-buds. Calophyllum pauciflorum appears to bea close relative of C. papuanum Lauterb., from which it differs in its essentially glabrous habit, its some- what rhomboid (rather than lanceolate-elliptic) leaf-blades which are smaller on the average, its more compact inflorescences, its much smaller flowers, its glabrous or puberulent (rather than furfuraceous) outer sepals, its much longer anthers with conspicuously elongate filaments, and its glabrous (rather than tomentose) ovary. Calophyllum (§ Jnophyllum) congestifiorum sp. nov. Arbor 18-25 m., alta ubique sub anthesi glabra, ramulis juventute quadrangularibus mox teretibus et cinereis; petiolis rugulosis canalicula- tis 2-5 mm. longis; laminis coriaceis oblongo- vel obovato-ellipticis, 2.5—5 cm. longis, 1.3-3 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice rotundatis vel in- 350 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII terdum leviter emarginatis, margine paullo incrassatis, subtus incon- spicue sed copiose glanduloso-punctulatis, costa supra canaliculata in- terdum paullo elevata subtus prominente carinata, nervis lateralibus numerosissimis (20-30 per centimetrum) patentibus supra subimmersis subtus leviter prominulis vel subplanis; inflorescentiis apices ramulorum versus axillaribus congestis breviter racemosis 1-—3-floris, sub anthesi 7-10 mm. longis, pedunculo pedicellisque brevissimis paullo incrassatis, bracteis mox caducis; floribus sub anthesi 6—9 mm. diametro; sepalis 4, 2 exterioribus papyraceis late suborbicularibus, circiter 3 mm. longis, 3.5-4 mm. latis, glabris, margine puberulenti-ciliolatis, 2 interioribus ut petalis similibus; petalis 4 mox caducis submembranaceis late obovatis, 4,5~5.5 mm. longis et latis, arcte nervatis, margine puberulenti-ciliolatis ; staminibus numerosis (30-50), filamentis filiformibus 1.5—3 mm. longis, antheris oblongis 0.7—-1 mm. longis apice obtusis; ovario glabro sub- globoso sub anthesi circiter 2 mm. diametro, stylo brevi crasso, stigmate juvenili non viso sub anthesi ut videtur subpeltato; inflorescentiis sub fructu brevibus, fructibus plerumque solitariis subglobosis immaturis ad {2 mm. diametro, apice stylo coronatis, pericarpio tenui levi vel siccitate ruguloso. NETHERLANDS New GuInea: 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1800 m., Brass & Versteegh 11902 (type), Jan. 10, 1939 (tree 18 m. high, frequent in mossy forest on crests of ridges, the trunk 40 cm. diam., the crown small; bark 8 mm. thick, dark brown, fairly smooth, with light yellow resin; sap-wood rose; heart-wood red; flowers white), Brass 12122 (tree up to about 25 m. high, a mossy forest co-dominant, the trunk about 80 cm. diam.; sap somewhat milky ; wood pale and soft, an excellent fuel when green; flowers white) ; 8 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, alt. 1600 m., Brass 12721 (tree 20 m. high, in mossy forest, the trunk 25 cm. diam.; fruit immature). BRITISH New GuInea: Western Division, Palmer River, 2 miles below junction with Black River, ? Brass 7099 (canopy tree with spurred trunk, plenti- ful in ridge-forests, the bark thick, flaky, yellowish, suberose; crown compact, the leaves rigid; immature fruit about 1 cm. diam.). Calophyllum congestiflorum appears to represent a continuation of the trend toward reduced inflorescences and smaller flowers, seen in the preceding new species (C. pauciflorum), both of these species being related to C. papuanum Lauterb. Calophyllum congestiflorum differs from C. pauciflorum not only in its more compact inflorescences and smaller flowers, but also in its much shorter anthers and filaments. This latter character does not necessarily follow the size of the flowers, since C. papuanum, with large flowers, has small anthers. The new 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 351 species differs from C. papuanum in its glabrous habit and small leaves, as well as in obvious floral characters. The type and 12122 bear flowers, 12721 immature fruits. The speci- men from the Palmer River is questionably referred to this species. It bears immature fruits and has foliage very similar to that of the other cited specimens, but with a trace of furfuraceous puberulence on the lower surface of the costa and with even more obscure glandular puncta- tion. It may represent an undescribed species; should it prove to belong to C. congestiflorum, the species will have an unusually broad aiti- tudinal range. Both C. congestiflorum and C. pauciflorum bear a marked resemblance to the Fijian C. cerasiferum Vesque (known only in fruiting condition), a species with slightly larger (on the average) leaf-blades with closer lateral nerves and less obvious glandular punctations on the lower surfaces. Calophyllum (§ Jnophylium) costatum F. M. Bailey, Queensl. Fl. 104. 1899; Compr. Cat. Queensl. Pl. fig. 40. 1913. BritisH NEw GuINEA: Western Division, Gaima, Lower Fly River (east bank), Brass 8337 (rain-forest canopy tree attaining 25-30 m. in height, the bark thick, scaly, secreting a green glutinous sap; outer wood ripple-marked; flowers white). Originally based on a fruiting specimen collected in Queensland by Bailey, C. costatum has not previously been reported from New Guinea. Having compared the Brass specimen with the cited plate and a sterile specimen collected in North Queensland by C. T. White, I feel reason- ably sure of the determination. However, it is conceivable that collec- tion of flowering specimens in Queensland will establish the specific distinctness of our plant, in which case it probably represents a new species; it is none of those treated by Lauterbach (loc. cit. 8-14), being only distantly related to C. papuanum Lauterb. The inflorescences of the Brass specimen are here described: Inflorescences axillary toward apices of branchlets, racemose, usually 1—3-flowered, 1-2 cm. long at anthesis, the peduncle short, deciduously puberulent, the pedicels slender, 3-5 mm. long, the bracts small, cadu- cous; flowers about 10 mm. in diameter at anthesis; sepals 4, the 2 outer ones papyraceous, suborbicular, 3-4 mm. in diameter, glabrous, with faintly puberulent-ciliolate margins, the 2 inner ones similar to petals; petals 4, membranous, obovate-elliptic, at anthesis 5-6 mm. long and 3—4.5 mm. broad, glabrous, obscurely ciliolate at margins, finely nerved, often reflexed at margins; stamens 50-60, the filaments filiform, 3-4 mm. long at anthesis, the anthers oblong, about 2.5 mm. 352 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXII long, mucronulate at apex; ovary glabrous, ellipsoid, 1.5—2 mm. long at anthesis, the style equalling the ovary, the stigma peltate, 1.5—-2 mm. in diameter, irregularly bifid, crenulate at margins. Calophyllum (§ Jnophyllum?) Brassii sp. nov. Arbor ad 20 m. alta sub fructu ubique praeter ramulos inflorescenti- arum decidue ferrugineo- vel cinereo-puberulos glabra, ramulis robustis (apicem versus 4-6 mm. diametro) leviter angulatis et saepe striatis demum subteretibus et cinereis, interdum conspicue lenticellatis; petiolis rugosis crassis (3-5 mm. diametro) 2—4 mm. longis; laminis crasse coriaceis subnitidis oblongis, 12-17 cm. longis, 5—6 cm. latis, basi rotundatis, apice ut videtur rotundatis vel obtusis, margine incrassatis et conspicue sed anguste recurvatis, costa valida supra leviter elevata (inferne canaliculata superne carinata) subtus valde prominente, nervis lateralibus numerosis (16-28 per centimetrum) patentibus subrectis utrinque inconspicue prominulis; inflorescentiis sub fructu apices ramu- lorum versus axillaribus paniculatis fructibus inclusis ad 6.5 cm. longis et 8 cm. latis, pedunculo brevissimo, ramulis paucis et rhachi rugosis angulatis robustis (2-3 mm. diametro), pedicellis 8-24 mm. longis crassis superne leviter incrassatis; fructibus pluribus (5—8 vel ultra) per inflorescentiam ovoideo-subglobosis, ut videtur maturitate et sicci- tate ad 13 mm. diametro, apice obtusis et stylo brevi saepe coronatis, pericarpio siccitate circiter 2 mm. crasso extra demum rugoso, epicarpio tenul, mesocarpio suberoso. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 850 m., Brass & Versteegh 13122 (tTypE), March 7, 1939 (tree 20 m. high, frequent in primary rain-forest on the flat plain, the trunk 55 cm. in diameter, the crown not wide-spreading; bark 14 mm. thick, brown, scaly, with pale yellow sap, the sap-wood brown, the heart-wood dark brown; fruits green). Calophyllum Brassii is a species characterized by its unusually thick oblong leaf-blades with very short petioles. Known only from the cited fruiting specimen, the species cannot be accurately placed within the genus, but its comparatively short paniculate inflorescences suggest C. Kiong Lauterb. & K. Schum., perhaps its closest ally. Calophyllum Brassu differs from C. Kiong in having short petioles, leaf-blades nar- rower and rounded rather than cuneate or acute at base, and lateral nerves less obvious and less crowded. Calophyllum savannarum sp. nov. Arbor 10-12 m. alta sub fructu ubique glabra, ramulis gracilibus juventute leviter complanatis vel angulatis mox subteretibus et fusco- 1941 ] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 353 cinereis ad nodos paullo incrassatis; petiolis leviter canaliculatis vel complanatis 9-17 mm. longis; laminis coriaceis siccitate fusco-olivaceis anguste elliptico-oblongis, 8-13 cm. longis, 3.5—5.5 cm. latis, basi acutis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice gradatim acuminatis (acumine ad 1 cm. longo obtuso), margine leviter incrassatis et paullo recurvatis, costa supra elevata et basim versus canaliculata subtus prominente et saepe carinata, nervis lateralibus valde adscendentibus subrectis 10-16 per centimetrum utrinque valde prominulis; inflorescentiis sub fructu axillaribus vel subterminalibus racemosis fructibus inclusis 3-9 cm. longis, rhachi gracili (1-2 mm. diametro), pedicellis 6-15 mm. longis superne incrassatis, fructibus ut videtur 3-7 per inflorescentiam vel interdum paucioribus ellipsoideis maturitate ad 22 mm. longis et 15 mm. latis, apice rotundatis et stylo saepe apiculatis, basi rotundatis, epicarpio tenui levi glaucescente, mesocarpio suberoso. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: Vicinity of Hollandia, alt. 20-100 m., Brass 8888 (TYPE), June 29, 1938 (tree 10-12 m. high, one of the principal species of forest clumps on secondary savannas; fruits blue). Calophyllum savannarum, although represented by a fruiting speci- men only, is quite distinct among species of Calophyllum in the region in its conspicuous lateral nerves, which ascend at an angle approaching 45°. Among Papuan species, it seems most suggestive of C. Si Lauterb., differing in its venation, its leaf-shape, its longer fruiting pedicels, and its somewhat larger fruits. The true relationship of the new species is hardly to be ascertained until flowers are available. Calophyllum Kajewskii sp. nov. Arbor grandis sub fructu ubique glabra, ramulis crassis (apices versus 4—6 mm. diametro) purpurascentibus rugosis demum fuscis et lenti- cellatis; petiolis crassis (circiter 3 mm. diametro) rugosis 15-20 mm. longis leviter canaliculatis; laminis coriaceis subnitidis oblongo- vel obovato-ellipticis, 14-17 cm. longis, 6-9 cm. latis, basi acutis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice rotundatis, margine conspicue incrassatis et saepe leviter recurvatis, costa valida supra valde elevata (inferne canaliculata superne carinata) subtus prominente et carinata, nervis lateralibus numerosis (14-20 per centimetrum) erecto-patentibus sub- rectis utrinque prominulis; inflorescentiis non visis; fructibus magnis subglobosis 5—6 cm. diametro, longitudinaliter multicostatis (costis non conspicuis sed facile distinguitur), basi et apice rotundatis, pericarpio lignoso 10-15 mm. crasso. Sotomon Istanps: Bougainville: Koniguru, Buin, alt. 800 m., Kajewski 2024 (typE), Aug. 6, 1930 (large rain-forest giant, 354 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII common, the bark slightly furrowed; fruit green, more or less globular, with slightly raised ridges; native name: sikoraku) ; Siwai, Waterhouse 201 (NY) (large tree with orange-like fruit; native names: huwau, manuba, qalukoko, bunkbunt). Although it is represented only by foliage and a single detached fruit accompanying the type, in which condition it cannot be referred to a section, the cited specimens are so distinct that I venture to describe them as new. No Calophyllum thus far known from the region, as far as I can ascertain, has such an extremely large and woody fruit. The foliage of C. Kajewskti closely resembles that of the lowland C. inophyllum L., which, of course, has a very different fruit. The only available sheet of Waterhouse 201 is sterile, but its foliage and the note implying the size of the fruit strongly suggest C. Kajewskii. GaARCINIA L. Garcinia (§ Xanthochymus) Warburgiana nom. nov. Xanthochymus novo-guineensis Warb. Bot. Jahrb. 13: 381. 1891. Garcinia novo-guineensis Warb. ex Lauterb. Nova Guinea Bot. 8: 309. 1910; Bot. Jahrb, 58: 19, 1922; non Vesque (1893). The necessity for applying a new name to this species arises from the fact that Warburg’s parenthetical mention of Garcinia does not alter his acceptance of NXanthochymus as the genus of his new species. Garcinia novo-guineensis Vesque was referred by Lauterbach to G. Edelfeldti (Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 58: 21. 1922), which is therefore an unnecessary binomial. Although known from several specimens from other sections of New Guinea, G. Warburgiana has not previously been reported from British New Guinea, where it is represented by the following collections: BritisH New Gutnea: Koitaki, alt. 450 m., Carr 12727 (NY) (tree 25 m. high; fruit green), Carr 12735 (NY) (tree 12 m. high: buds green); Western Division, Mabaduan, Brass 6489 (common in monsoon-forest substage; excurrent richly branched tree attaining 20 m., exuding a cream colored latex when cut; leaf-blades stiff, the largest ones about 30 cm. long, at ends of branchlets, the nerves deeply im- pressed above, prominent beneath; fruit pale yellow, about 3.5 cm. diam.) ; Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 7976 (sub-canopy tree to 25 m. high, occasional on ridges in rain-forest, the bark hard, slightly scaly, the latex white; flowers greenish white). Our specimens have the leaf-blades considerably larger than those previously described; according to Brass’ notes these attain a size of 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 355 30 cm. long and presumably about 17 cm. broad. The staminate flowers of Brass 7976 are also unusually large, with petals up to 9 mm. long and broad and phalanges up to 7 mm. long. Garcinia (§ Cambogia) angustifolia sp. nov. Arbor gracilis glabra ad 5 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus (apicem versus 1-2 mm. crassis) cinereis juventute inconspicue quadrangulatis demum teretibus; petiolis gracilibus (0.5—-1 mm. diametro) canaliculatis 6-10 mm. longis, basi foveola inconspicua praeditis; laminis membranaceis vel tenuiter papyraceis siccitate fusco-viridibus lanceolato-oblongis, 8-14 cm. longis, 2—3.5 cm. latis, basi subattenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice cuspidatis vel abrupte acuminatis (acumine 3-8 mm. longo obtuso), margine integris, costa supra paullo canaliculata et saepe inconspicue elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 15-20 (cum nervis debilioribus interdum interspersis) erecto- patentibus utrinque prominulis nervo marginali conjunctis, venulis inconspicuis; inflorescentiis in axillis foliorum saepe delapsorum pulvi- natis, floribus ¢ paucis (juvenilibus 3-5 sed sub anthesi plerumque 1) sessilibus sub anthesi circiter 5 mm. longis et 4 mm. diametro, bracteis inconspicuis deltoideis suffultis; sepalis 4 subaequalibus anguste imbri- catis papyraceis ovato-deltoideis, 1.5-2 mm. longis et latis, apice rotundatis, margine scariosis et integris vel minute erosulis; petalis 4 valvatis sub anthesi suberectis tenuiter carnosis obovato-lanceolatis, 3.5-4 mm. longis, 1—1.3 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine subintegris ; staminibus 5 vel 6 liberis toro carnoso subtereti erecto 1-1.5 mm. longo insertis, antheris 1- vel 2-seriatis sessilibus oblongis, circiter 1 mm. longis et 0.5 mm. latis, apice truncatis vel minutissime papillosis, loculis 2 rimis elongatis lateralibus dehiscentibus; ovario nullo. NETHERLANDS New GuINEA: Vicinity of Hollandia, alt. 100 m., Brass 8990 (typE), July 8, 1938 (tree 5 m. high, occasional in rain- forest undergrowth). Garcinia angustifolia is characterized by its thin and narrow leaf- blades and the reduced number of its stamens. It is a close relative of G. pachypetala Lauterb., a montane species; although mature flowers of G. pachypetala have not been described, they have 8-10 stamens and are apparently larger than those of the new species. Garcinia (§ Cambogia) pachyantha sp. nov. Arbor parva glabra, ramulis crassis (apicem versus 2—4 mm. crassis ) juventute paullo complanatis mox teretibus et cinereis; petiolis rugulosis leviter canaliculatis 10-22 mm. longis, basi foveola inconspicua praeditis ; laminis papyraceis vel chartaceis elliptico-oblongis, 8-17 cm. longis, 3—6.5 356 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII cm. latis, basi subattenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice abrupte acuminatis (acumine 5-10 mm. longo obtuso), margine integris et anguste recurvatis, costa supra leviter canaliculata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 15-20 erecto-patentibus interdum furcatis cum aliis brevioribus interspersis utrinque prominulis nervo marginali conjunctis, venulis subimmersis; floribus ¢ paucis (plerumque sub anthesi singulis) ex pulvinis conspicuis axillaribus sessilibus, sub anthesi 14-16 mm. diametro, bracteis inconspicuis mox deciduis suffultis; sepalis 4 papyraceis vel submembranaceis anguste imbricatis late semiorbicu- laribus, 2.5—3.5 mm. longis, 4—5.5 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine integris et scariosis; petalis 4 anguste imbricatis carnosis oblongis, 7-8 mm. longis, 4-5 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine anguste scariosis et integris; staminibus 21-25 liberis toro applanato vel paullo convexo insertis, antheris sessilibus oblongis, 1.5-1.8 mm. longis, circiter 1 mm. latis, apice truncatis, connectivo crasso, loculis 2 rimis elongatis lateralibus dehiscentibus; ovario nullo; fructibus axillaribus sessilibus ut videtur subglobosis et ad 2.5 cm. diametro, basi sepalis persistentibus suffultis, apice stigmate sessili circiter 5 mm. diametro coronatis, seminibus plus minusve 10, pericarpio carnoso. NORTHEASTERN NEW GuINEA: Morobe District, Sattelberg, alt. 1030 m., Clemens 3080 (TYPE), May 12, 1936 (on forest hill above mission; flowers white); Yunzaing, alt. 1400 m., Clemens 3597A (tree, the trunk 13-15 cm. diam., along forest trail), Clemens 4183 (small tree, the trunk about 13 cm. diam.; fruit green). Nos. 3080 and 3597A bear 8 flowers; no. 41/83 is accompanied by a few badly dried fruits. Garcinia pachyantha is related to G. fruticosa Lauterb., differing in its proportionately broader leaf-blades with more numerous lateral nerves, -its longer petioles, its larger flowers, especially as regards the carnose petals, and its fewer stamens (21—25 rather than about 30). Garcinia (§ Cambogia) riparia sp. nov. Arbor glabra 5-15 m. alta, ramulis ut videtur elongatis subteretibus (apicem versus complanatis) juventute fuscis demum cinereis; petiolis circiter 2 mm. crassis leviter canaliculatis 15-22 mm. longis, basi foveola deltoidea inconspicua ornatis; laminis tenuiter papyraceis elliptico- oblongis, 12-20 cm. longis, 5.5—9 cm. latis, basi acutis vel gradatim attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice cuspidatis vel acuminatis (acumine ad 15 mm. longo obtuso), margine integris et anguste recurvatis, costa supra paullo elevata et obscure striata vel canaliculata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-12 adscendentibus 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 357 vel erecto-patentibus utrinque conspicue elevatis marginem versus valde adscendentibus, rete venularum inconspicuo vel utrinque paullo prominulo; floribus ¢ paucis (juvenilibus ut videtur pluribus sed sub anthesi plerumque 1 vel 2) ex pulvinis conspicuis (ad 7 mm. diametro) in axillis foliorum delapsorum sessilibus, sub anthesi ad 15 mm. diametro, bracteis minutis suffultis; sepalis 4 papyraceis late ovato-semiorbicu- laribus, circiter 4 mm. longis, 4-5 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine scariosis et integris; petalis 4 in alabastro imbricatis sub anthesi crasse carnosis anguste obovato-oblongis, 7-8 mm. longis, 3-4 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine integris vel minute erosulis; androecio conspicuo, toro cylindrico crasse carnoso 1.5—2 mm. longo 1—1.3 mm. diametro apice incrassato et stamina 40-50 gerente, antheris subsessilibus con- fertis oblongis, 0.5—0.6 mm. longis, circiter 0.3 mm. latis, apice truncatis vel leviter emarginatis, loculis 2 rimis verticalibus lateralibus dehiscenti- bus; ovario nullo; fructibus axillaribus sessilibus subgloboso-obovoideis, maturitate ad 7 cm. longis et 5 cm. latis, basi sepalis persistentibus suffultis, apice rotundatis et stigmate sessili radiatim rugoso circiter 4 mm. diametro coronatis, extra conspicue 7—10-costatis, pericarpio siccitate coriaceo, seminibus 7—10 oblongis in pulpo nidulantibus. British NEw GuINneEA: Western Division, Sturt Island, Lower Fly River, Brass 8154 (TYPE), Oct. 1936 (loosely branched undergrowth tree 5—6 m. high, plentiful in flood-plain rain-forest; flowers pale pink, with a fungus on petals); Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 8025 (weak spreading tree 5—6 m. high, common in under- growth in rain-forest on flood-plain; leaf-margins recurved; fruit green, broadly pyriform, almost sessile below the leaves); Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, Brass 7588 (tree 15 m. high, in rain-forest substage; fruit yellow-green, solitary, sessile on old wood). The type bears ¢ flowers, the other two specimens being in fruit. Garcinia riparia is a very distinct species of § Cambogia, characterized by its thin leaf-blades with comparatively few and ascending lateral nerves, few-flowered inflorescences with large sessile flowers, and a con- spicuous columnar androecium with numerous stamens. It appears to be closely related to G. Ledermannii Lauterb., from which it differs in its fewer lateral nerves, larger leaf-blades, smaller flowers, especially as regards the petals and androecium, and its larger and conspicuously costate fruits with more numerous seeds. Garcinia (§ Cambogia) solomonensis sp. nov. Arbor glabra ad 25 m. alta, ramulis apicem versus quadrangulatis demum teretibus et fusco-cinereis; petiolis rugulosis canaliculatis 8-12 358 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. xx (—20) mm. longis, basi foveola oblonga inconspicua ornatis; laminis papyraceis siccitate fusco-olivaceis elliptico-oblongis, 8-15 mm. longis, 3.5-6(-8) cm. latis, basi acutis vel attenuatis et in petiolum decurrenti- bus, apice cuspidatis vel acuminatis (acumine 3-10 mm. longo obtuso), margine integris et anguste revolutis, costa supra subplana vel leviter canaliculata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8—12(—14) erecto-patentibus utrinque valde prominulis marginem versus arcuatis et nervo marginali conjunctis, rete venularum inconspicuo plerumque immerso; floribus ¢ paucis (sub anthesi plerumque solitariis) ex pul- vinis interdum conspicuis in axillis foliorum mox delapsorum sessilibus, sub anthesi 5-7 mm. diametro, bracteis 4 imbricatis papyraceis reni- formi-suborbicularibus ad 1.5 mm. longis suffultis; sepalis 4 tenuiter carnosis oblongo-suborbicularibus, 2—3.5 mm. longis et latis, apice rotundatis, margine integris; petalis 4 (in specimine nostro ut videtur immaturis) carnosis oblongis, 2—2.5 mm. longis, 1-1.5 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine integris; staminibus 40-45 congestis toro leviter convexo insertis, antheris subsessilibus liberis multiseriatis oblongis, circiter 0.35 mm. longis et 0.25 mm. latis, apice truncatis, basim versus paullo angustatis, connectivo leviter incrassato, loculis 2 rimis verti- calibus lateralibus dehiscentibus; ovario nullo; fructibus axillaribus sessilibus subglobosis vel ellipsoideis, maturitate ut videtur ad 4 cm. diametro, basi sepalis persistentibus suffultis, apice rotundatis et stigmate sessili inconspicuo coronatis, extra inconspicue 7—10-costatis, pericarpio carnoso, seminibus 7-10 in pulpo nidulantibus. SoLoMon IsLANDs: Bougainville: Siwai, Waterhouse 186 (A, NY, Typr, Y) Jan. 1933 (small tree about 5 m. high, the trunk about 35 cm. diam.; native name: pinuhunuhunu); Kugumaru, Buin, alt. 150 m., Kajewski 1816 (medium-sized tree up to 20 m. high, com- mon in rain-forest; bark with a yellow sap; fruit green, with yellow sap; native name: na-boita) ; Lake Luralu, Koniguru, Buin, alt. 1500 m. ?Kajewski 2063 (small tree, common among stunted vegetation in rain- forest; leaves purple-veined; fruit plum colored; native name: sipego) ; Kupei Gold Field, alt. 950 m., ?Kajewski 1673 (tree up to 25 m. high, common in rain-forest; fruit yellow-red when ripe). Guadalcanal: Ma-massa, Konga, alt. 500 m., Kajewski 2484 (tree to 18 m. high, common in rain-forest; fruit apple-shaped, yellow-green when ripe, with pleasant fragrance and not abundant pulp). Of the cited specimens, only the type collection is in flower; the others bear fruits, but only Kajewski 2484 appears to have a ripe fruit. The two questioned Kajewski collections are dubiously included in this species; they occur at higher elevations than the others and have thicker 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 359 leaf-blades with more robust petioles; their fruits, although young, appear to be proportionately longer than those of Kajewski 1816 and 2484, of which the former especially is a good foliage match for the type. Garcinia solomonensis is characterized by its sessile and usually soli- tary flowers with numerous stamens. Its relationship is probably with G. Ledermannii Lauterb. and G. Assugu Lauterb., but it differs from the first in such obvious characters as its fewer secondary nerves, small flowers, and inconspicuous androecium-torus, and from the second in its few flowers, small anthers, few secondary nerves, etc. Garcinia (§ Cambogia) macrantha sp. nov. Arbor parva glabra, ramulis crassis (apicem versus 5—7 mm. diametro) rugosis juventute quadrangulatis demum subteretibus; petiolis crassis (3—5 mm. diametro) rugosis leviter canaliculatis 15-30 mm. longis, basi foveola conspicua oblonga ad 10 mm. longa ornatis; laminis tenuiter coriaceis vel chartaceis amplis siccitate fusco-olivaceis elliptico-oblongis, 18-32 cm. longis, 8-14 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel rotundatis et in petiolum paullo decurrentibus, apice obtusis vel obtuse cuspidatis, margine integris vel undulatis et leviter recurvatis, costa supra paullo elevata et saepe striata vel canaliculata subtus valde prominente et saepe carinata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 25—35 (cum nervis breviori- bus debilioribus copiose interspersis) erecto-patentibus subrectis utrinque prominulis nervo marginali distincto conjunctis, rete venu- larum inconspicuo plerumque immerso; floribus ¢ apice ramulorum fasciculatis ex pulvinis inconspicuis inter folia terminales orientibus 7-10 per inflorescentiam, sub anthesi 30-40 mm. diametro, bracteis paucis papyraceis oblongo-deltoideis acutis ad 10 mm. longis suffultis; pedicellis teretibus crassis (2-3 mm. diametro) ad 18 mm. longis apicem versus incrassatis; sepalis 4 imbricatis, 2 exterioribus tenuiter coriaceis valde concavis late ovato-oblongis, 10-13 mm. longis, circiter 15 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine anguste scariosis et integris, 2 interiori- bus petalis similibus; petalis 4 carnosis sub anthesi patentibus sub- orbiculari-oblongis, 16-19 mm. longis, 12-15 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine anguste scariosis et integris, longitudinaliter dense sed incon- spicue et irregulariter glanduloso-lineolatis; androecio conspicuo, toro semigloboso carnoso sub anthesi 5-8 mm. alto et circiter 10 mm diametro, staminibus numerosissimis (circiter 200) confertis torum tegentibus, filamentis carnosis subteretibus 0.2—-0.7 mm. longis, antheris crasse carnosis oblongis, 1.3—-2 mm. longis, 0.8—-1.2 mm. latis, saepe conspicue falcatis, apice obtusis, loculis 2 rimis conspicuis elongatis introrsis dehiscentibus; gynaecii rudimento parvo carnoso apice tori 360 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII inserto circiter 1.5 mm. longo, stigmate peltato circiter 2 mm. diametro margine paullo undulato. British NEw GuINEA: Western Division, Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 8092 (typPE), Oct. 1936 (sparse tree, in undergrowth on ridges in rain-forest; latex drying bluish white; leaf- venation dark beneath; flowers brownish pink). Although there seems no doubt that G. macrantha belongs in § Cam- bogia, it is so distinct from other species of the region as to make comparison superfluous. It is characterized by its remarkably large and coarse leaves and flowers, terminal inflorescences, conspicuous torus. Garcinia (§ Cambogia) balimensis sp. nov. Arbor parva glabra, ramulis crassis (apicem versus 4—5 mm, diametro) rugosis subteretibus (vel distaliter leviter complanatis) cinereis; petiolis rugosis 2-3 mm. diametro 7-15 mm. longis, basi foveola conspicua elliptica margine incrassata instructis; laminis tenuiter coriaceis sicci- tate fuscis late ellipticis, 8-12.5 cm. longis, 5-8 cm. latis, basi late obtusis, apice rotundatis vel obtusis et saepe leviter emarginatis, costa supra leviter canaliculata subtus valde prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 20 (cum nervis paullo debilioribus alternatis) patenti- bus utrinque valde prominulis nervo marginali conjunctis, venulis in- conspicuis interdum paullo prominulis; floribus @ axillaribus sessilibus solitariis sub anthesi 17-20 mm. diametro, bracteis 4 late imbricatis papyraceis reniformibus circiter 2 mm. longis et 4.5 mm. latis rotundatis integris subtentis; sepalis 4 subaequalibus imbricatis submembranaceis late semiorbicularibus, 4-5 mm. longis, circiter 8 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine integris, dense glanduloso-lineolatis; petalis 4 anguste imbricatis crasse carnosis obovato-oblongis, circiter 10 mm. longis, 6-7 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine anguste scariosis et subintegris; staminodiis 16—18 uniseriatis circiter 3 mm. longis breviter stipitatis oblongis subacutis, loculis 2 longitudinalibus ut videtur rimis verticalibus dehiscentibus; ovario breviter cylindrico rugoso sub anthesi circiter 3 mm. diametro, loculis 8-12 uniovulatis, stigmate 3-4 mm. diametro conspicue papilloso margine irregulariter lobato; fructibus axillaribus sessilibus subglobosis vel paullo complanatis, ad 3.5 cm. diametro (maturis ?), basi sepalis persistentibus suffultis, apice stigmate radiatim rugoso coronatis, pericarpio siccitate valde rugoso, seminibus 8-12 in pulpo sparso nidulantibus. 1941) SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 361 NETHERLANDS NEW GuINEA: Balim River, alt. 2100 m., Brass 11753 (TYPE), Dec. 1938 (small tree in secondary forest; flowers yellow; fruit green). Garcinia balimensis, although represented only by a specimen with pistillate flowers, seems to belong to § Cambogia by virtue of its several- celled ovary, is oblong staminodes arranged in a single row, and its solitary sessile flowers. It is characterized by coriaceous and _ pro- portionately broad leaf-blades and large flowers. Although I cannot place it as a close ally of any described Papuasian species, G. balimensis seems amply distinguished from those described by the above-mentioned combination of characters. Garcinia (§ Discostigma) Warrenii F. v. Muell. Vict. Naturalist 8: 109. 1891; Vesque in DC. Monogr. Phan. 8: 641. 1893; Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 58: 24. fig. 5. 1922. Garcinia Branderhorstii Lauterb. Nova Guin. Bot. 8: 311. 1910. BritisH NEw GuINnEA: Central Division, Biriatabu, alt. 460 m., Brass 568 (shapely tree 15 m. high, the bark light brown, somewhat scaly, the wood pale brown, used by natives for building and for handles of weapons; fruit with bright yellow sticky latex; native name: faretz) ; Hewa, Vailala River, Brass 1117 (small compact tree 15 m. high, with stiff branches, on clay ridges close to sago swamps; fruit brown, eaten by natives; native name: ekobu); Western Division, Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 7996 (rain-forest substage tree, plentiful on ridges, the bark brown-black, somewhat scaly; flowers cream colored); Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, Brass 7471 (tree up to 14 m. high, abundant in lake-shore substage, the branches spread- ing, the bark gray-black, shallowly fissured; flowers cream colored, fragrant); Tarara, Wassi Kussa River, Brass 8430 (tree 10 m. high, common in rain-forest on clay banks of river; fruit red, subglobose, 3—3.5 cm. diam.; latex yellow). The cited specimens surely represent G. Branderhorstii, which Lauter- bach refers without question to the Queensland species G. Warrenii. Previously this species has been known from southern Netherlands New Guinea as well as Queensland. Garcinia (§ Tetrachoristemon) Lauterbachiana sp. nov. Frutex glabra, ramulis gracilibus apicem versus 0.7—1 mm. crassis quadrangulatis demum subteretibus cinereis; petiolis gracilibus leviter canaliculatis 2-4 mm. longis, basi foveola inconspicua ornatis; laminis submembranaceis vel papyraceis siccitate viridi-olivaceis neatintes ellipticis, 2—4.5 cm. longis, 0.7-1.7 cm. latis, basi acutis vel obtusis, 362 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx apice obtusis vel obtuse et breviter acuminatis, margine integris et leviter recurvatis, costa utrinque leviter elevata vel supra subplana, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 3—5 adscendentibus nonnunquam furcatis utrinque paullo prominulis nervo marginali indistincte conjunctis, rete venularum immerso; stipulis membranaceis saepe conspicuis ad 5 mm. longis caducis, floribus ¢ solitariis (vel paucis?) ex pulvinis inconspicuis subsessilibus (pedicellis circiter 1.5 mm. longis), alabastro ellipsoideo circiter 2:5 mm. longo et 2 mm. diametro; sepalis 4 membranaceis elliptico-oblongis, circiter 2 mm. longis et 1.5 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine minute erosulis, conspicue longitudinaliter venosis; petalis 4 obovato-oblongis, 2.5—3 mm. longis, circiter 1 mm. latis, inferne carnosis superne submembranaceis, apice rotundatis, margine apicem versus scariosis et subintegris; staminibus 4 in apice tori inconspicui erectis, filamentis carnosis brevibus (circiter 0.2 mm. longis) basi connatis, antheris obovoideo-oblongis, 1—-1.2 mm. longis, apice truncatis et 0.5 mm. latis, basim versus angustatis, rimis lateralibus verticalibus dehiscenti- bus; ovario nullo. NORTHEASTERN NEW GuINEA: Morobe District, Ogeramnang, alt. 1700 m., Clemens 5441 (TYPE), Feb. 18, 1937; Yunzaing, alt. 1400 m., Clemens 2975 (undershrub, on forested hills; buds orange), Clemens 6470a; Finisterre Gebirge, alt. 1300 m., Schlechter 19105 (A, NY). The cited specimens are sterile, with the exception of a single nearly mature flower on the type and a few buds on Clemens 2975 ; neverthe- less the species is so readily recognized by its foliage that I have no doubt that the specimens are conspecific. Garcinia Lauterbachiana shows a close affinity with G. maluensis Lauterb., the only previously known member of § Tetrachoristemon, which it reser | in its habit, stipules, leaf-texture, is floral structure. The new species differs from G. maluensis in its remarkably small leaf- blades, its truncate but not apically papillose anther-connectives, and its lack of a gynaecium-rudiment in the staminate flowers. Otherwise, especially in texture of sepals and petals, the staminate flowers of the two species are nearly identical. Garcinia (§ Tetrachoristemon) rhynchophylia sp. nov. Arbor gracilis 3-4 m. alta glabra, ramulis gracilibus apicem versus 1 mm. vel minus crassis quadrangulatis demum subteretibus cinereis striatis; petiolis gracilibus leviter canaliculatis, 4-5 mm. longis, basi Laka inconspicua praeditis; laminis submembranaceis siccitate viridi- bus anguste ovato-lanceolatis, 2.5-5 cm. longis, 0.7—1.3 cm. latis, basi acutis, apice caudato-acuminatis (acumine 7-15 mm. longo acuto incon- 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 363 spicue calloso), margine integris, costa supra leviter prominula et canaliculata subtus paullo elevata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-10 (cum aliis debilioribus interspersis) interdum furcatis patentibus utrinque minute prominulis marginem versus indistincte anastomo- santibus, venulis intricate ramulosis utrinque minute prominulis vel subimmersis; stipulis linearibus 3-5 mm. longis mox caducis; fructuum pedicellis gracilibus ad 5 mm. longis; fructibus axillaribus subglobosis ad 2.3 cm. diametro (immaturis?), basi sepalis 4 imbricatis papyraceis semiorbicularibus ad 2 mm. longis et 3 mm. latis suffultis, apice rotundatis et stigmate sessili circiter 2 mm. diametro radiatim rugoso coronatis, extra ut videtur levibus, pericarpio tenui, seminibus paucis in pulpo sparso nidulantibus. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1200 m., Brass 12867 (TYPE), Feb. 1939 (tree 3-4 m. high, frequent in rain-forest undergrowth; unripe fruit up to 2.3 cm, diam.). Garcinia rhynchophylla, based on the above cited fruiting specimen, is almost certainly closely related to G. Lauterbachiana (above de- scribed), differing in its caudate-acuminate leaf-blades with more numer- ous and spreading lateral nerves, more obvious veinlets, and presumably pedicellate flowers (as indicated by the pedicels of the fruits). Garcinia (§ Hebradendron) subtilinervis F. v. Muell. Descr. Notes Pap. Pl. 1: 85. 1877; Vesque in DC. Monogr. Phan. 8: 488. 1893; Lauterb. Nova Guin. Bot. 8: 312. 1910; Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 58: 38. 1922. BritisH New GuINneEA: Koitaki, alt. 450 m., Carr 12567 (NY), 12795 (NY); Kanosia, sea-level, Carr 11299 (?) (NY), 11301 (?) (NY); Western Division, Palmer River, 2 miles below junction with Black River, alt. 100 m., Brass 7310 (small slender tree 3 m. high, com- mon in ridge-forest undergrowth; flowers cream colored), Brass 7006 (forest substage tree 6-8 m. high, common on low ridges and river-flats; leaves coriaceous, with recurved margins; fruit green, sessile on old wood), Brass 7077 (tree 8-10 m. tall, common constituent of ridge- forest substage; branches slender, always heavily mossed; fruit sessile below leaves, pale green); Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 8061 (undergrowth tree 2—3 m. high, in rain-forest on ridges; branches drooping, horizontal; leaf-nerves obscure; fruit red, solitary, sessile). The cited specimens agree very closely with the original description, although this is so brief that comparison with the type (D’Albertis from 364 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxII the Fly River) is desirable. Nevertheless, I refer our collections to the species with some confidence; they bear a close superficial resemblance to the Indian G. cowa Roxb., a point emphasized by Mueller. Lauter- bach cited a specimen of G. subtilinervis from southern Netherlands New Guinea and referred the species to § Cambogia with a question. If my identification is correct, however, the species belongs in § Hebra- dendron, Previous descriptions being incomplete, it seems advisable to redescribe the species on the basis of the above cited specimens: Glabrous slender tree to 12 m. high, the branchlets slender, distally quadrangular, the older ones subterete and cinereous; petioles slender (usually less than 1 mm. in diameter), shallowly canaliculate, 4—10(—20) mm. long, inconspicuously foveolate at base; leaf-blades papyraceous or submembranaceous when dried, olivaceous, narrowly elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 7-12(—20) cm. long, 3—5(—7.5) cm. broad, obtuse to subattenuate at base, acuminate at apex (acumen 5-15 mm. long, obtuse), entire and narrowly recurved at margins, the costa slightly raised to shallowly impressed above, subprominent beneath, the lateral nerves usually 10-12 per side, arcuate-ascending, prominulous (usually inconspicuously so) on both sides, the veinlets few, inconspicuous, sub- immersed; ¢ flowers few (apparently 2—5 per inflorescence, probably often solitary at anthesis), on inconspicuous axillary glomerules, 3—4 mm. in diameter at anthesis, subtended by minute bracts, pedicellate (pedicels very slender, 2—3 mm. long) ; sepals 4, membranous, subequal, elliptic-oblong, 1.5—2 mm. long, 1.3-1.5 mm. broad, rounded at apex, entire at margin, few-nerved; petals 4, thin-carnose, obovate-oblong, 2—2.5 mm. long, 1.3-1.5 mm. broad, rounded, entire, soon caducous; androecium erect, 1.3—-1.5 mm. long, the stalk carnose, subterete or lightly angled, about 0.5 mm. long, the stamens about 12, congested on the subglobose distal portion of the androecium; filaments carnose, stout, 0.1-0.15 mm. long, the anthers horizontally affixed, peltate, 0.4—0.6 mm. in diameter, 4—8-loculed, dehiscing by a continuous lateral cleft; gynaecium-rudiment lacking; fruit solitary, subsessile on older branchlets, subglobose or slightly flattened, at maturity up to 5.5 cm. in diameter (ex Brass), with subpersistent sepals at base, 8—12-costate (probably inconspicuously so when fresh), the seeds 8-12, imbedded in somewhat fibrous pulp. Of the cited specimens, only Brass 7310 bears flowers; the other Brass specimens are in fruit, no. 7006 having unusually large leaves and the only mature fruits; the Carr specimens are sterile. From the staminal arrangement, the described species is surely a member of § Hebradendron, in which, however, it is not closely allied to the only 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 365 other Papuasian species, G. fusco-petiolata Lauterb., a species with free stamens. Garcinia subtilinervis is readily distinguished from other members of § Hebradendron by its few stamens aggregated and sub- sessile on a short androecium, by its small flowers, and by its thin acuminate leaf-blades. Garcinia (§ Daedalanthera) Hunsteinii Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 58: 40. fig. 8. 1922. NETHERLANDS New GUINEA: 2-6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 800-1200 m., Brass & Versteegh 12536, 13154, 13531 (trees 25-30 m. high, rare or occasional in primary rain-forest on ridges, the trunk 39-47 cm. diam., the crown small, not wide- spreading, the bark 4-9 mm. thick, gray, fairly smooth, with a little yellow latex, the wood yellow to brown; young fruits green, the ripe ones red). Reported as fairly abundant between 1000 and 1500 m. elevation in the adjacent portion of Northeastern New Guinea, G. Hunsteinti is apparently here first reported from the Netherlands section of the island. Our specimens are in fruit, but agree very well with the original descrip- tion and figure; they have leaf-blades often slightly larger (up to 10.5 cm. long and 4.5 cm. broad) than those originally described. The coriaceous bluntly acuminate leaf-blades with comparatively few and immersed lateral nerves distinguish the species. Garcinia (§ Daedalanthera) Schraderi Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 58: 43. 1922. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. about 2680 m., Brass & Versteegh 10478 (tree 26 m. high, common in ridge-forests, the trunk 33 cm. diam., the crown not wide-spreading, the bark 11 mm. thick, with yellow latex, brown, fairly rough, the wood soft, yellowish; flowers yellow; young fruits green, the ripe ones brown) ; 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1780 m., Brass & Versteegh 11196 (tree 27 m. high, common in primary forest on the slope of a ridge, the trunk 47 cm. diam., the crown not wide-spread- ing, the bark 10 mm. thick, dark brown, fairly rough, with yellow latex, the sap-wood light brown, the heart-wood dark brown). NORTHEASTERN New Guinea: Morobe District, Ogeramnang, alt. 1550-1850 m., Clemens 4737 (tall tree on forest-ridge, the trunk at least 45 cm. diam. ; flowers green), 4622, 5081, 6246. The species has previously been reported only from Northeastern New Guinea; it is apparently of considerable abundance at an altitude un- usually high for the genus. 366 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Garcinia (§ Daedalanthera) Archboldiana sp. nov. Arbor glabra ad 25 m. alta, ramulis cinereis crassis (apicem versus 3-4 mm. diametro) juventute complanatis demum subteretibus et rugosis, petiolis 2-3 mm. crassis leviter canaliculatis 6-10 mm. longis nigrescentibus, basi foveola elliptica praeditis; laminis tenuiter coriaceis siccitate fusco- vel viridi-olivaceis elliptico-oblongis, 8-15 cm. longis, 3—6 cm. latis, basi attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice rotunda- tis vel late obtusis, margine integris et anguste recurvatis, costa supra leviter elevata et canaliculata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus numerosissimis (1-1.5 mm. distantibus et rete venularum irregulariter conjunctis) patentibus nonnunquam furcatis utrinque prominulis nervo marginali conjunctis, venulis subimmersis vel minute prominulis; floribus ¢ paucis (1-3 per inflorescentiam) ex pulvinis inconspicuis in axillis foliorum mox delapsorum orientibus, bracteis coriaceis minutis pluribus subtentis; pedicellis crassis (2-3 mm. dia- metro) saepe verrucosis 4—6 mm. longis; sepalis 4 imbricatis late orbicu- laribus concavis rotundatis integris, 2 exterioribus tenuiter coriaceis, circiter 2 mm. longis, 3.5-4 mm. latis, 2 interioribus papyraceis, circiter 4 mm. longis, 6—7.5 mm. latis; petalis 4 imbricatis carnosis late ellipticis, 7-10 mm. longis, 5-7 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine obscure undulatis; phalangibus 4 basi connatis profunde et conspicue lobatis, 5-6 mm. longis, apicem versus copiose antheriferis; staminibus numerosissimis, antheris subsessilibus subpeltatis vel ellipsoideis, 0.3—0.4 mm. diametro, loculis 3 vel 4 rimis brevibus horizontalibus apicali- lateralibus dehiscentibus; ovario nullo. NETHERLANDS NEw GurneEa: Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 300 m., Brass & Versteegh 13596 (type), April 20, 1939 (tree 25 m. high, rare in primary rain-forest on a ridge, the trunk 64 cm. diam., the crown not wide-spreading, the bark 7 mm. thick, brown, scaly, with some yellow sap, the wood light brown; flowers white). Garcinia Archboldiana is one of a group of three new species of § Daedalanthera characterized by a reduction in the number of anther- locules and the absence of a gynaecium-rudiment in the staminate flowers. These three species are related to G. Schraderi Lauterb. and G. Pullei Lauterb., differing from both by the anthers and by obvious foliage-characters. Garcinia Archboldiana has large leaf-blades and very large flowers for this group of species, and is further characterized by numerous secondary nerves and deeply divided phalanges. The four primary phalanges, in fact, are difficult to observe, as the numerous finer divisions appear essentially free from each other. The extremely small and numerous anthers, with only 3 or 4 locules, also distinguish the new species. 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 367 Two other specimens from the same region are possibly conspecific with the type of the new species; these are: 6 km. southwest of Bern- hard Camp, alt. 1200 m., Brass 13011 (tree 25 m. high, in minor canopy of rain-forest, the trunk about 50 cm. diam., the bark smooth, brown; fruit green); 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, alt. 1780 m., Brass & Versteegh 11199 (tree 25 m. high, occasional in primary forest on the slope of a ridge, the trunk 53 cm. diam., the crown not wide-spreading, the bark 4 mm. thick, scaly, brown, with dark yellow sap, the wood light brown; young fruit green). These plants, occurring at substantially higher elevations than the type, differ from it in their somewhat coarser leaf-blades and petioles; their fruits are subglobose, up to 3 cm. in diameter, with stout pedicels and conspicuous stigmas. Lacking speci- mens from intermediate elevations, I hesitate definitely to refer these two specimens to G. Archboldiana. Garcinia (§ Daedalanthera) Engleriana sp. nov. Arbor glabra ad 28 m. alta, ramulis fusco-cinereis crassis (apicem versus 3-4 mm. diametro et complanatis) demum subteretibus et rugosis; petiolis nigrescentibus circiter 2 mm. diametro semiteretibus 5-8 mm. longis, basi foveola conspicua margine incrassata praeditis; laminis subcoriaceis siccitate fusco-olivaceis elliptico- vel obovato- oblongis, 5—9.5 cm. longis, 2.5-4.5 cm. latis, basi attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice rotundatis vel late obtusis, margine integris et interdum conspicue revolutis, costa supra leviter elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus numerosis (1—1.5 mm. distantibus) patentibus raro furcatis utrinque prominulis nervo mar- ginali conjunctis, rete venularum inconspicuo subimmerso; floribus 4 sub anthesi 1-4 per inflorescentiam 13-15 mm. diametro ex pulvinis conspicuis in axillis foliorum demum delapsorum orientibus, bracteis minutis deltoideis numerosis subtentis; pedicellis 5-11 mm. longis cir- citer 2 mm. crassis saepe leviter quadrangulatis; sepalis 4 papyraceis vel tenuiter coriaceis semiorbicularibus concavis rotundatis integris, 2 exterioribus 1.5-3 mm. longis et .2.5-3.5 mm. latis, 2 interioribus 5-6 mm. longis et latis; petalis 4 (vel raro 5) tenuiter carnosis obovato- oblongis, 7-8 mm. longis, 5-6 mm. latis, rotundatis, margine anguste scariosis et subintegris vel obscure undulatis; phalangibus circiter 16 patentibus carnosis 5-6 mm. longis, basi connatis, stipite basim versus 1-2 mm. diametro, ramulis paucis apicem versus; staminibus 15-20 per phalangem, filamentis carnosis brevibus (ad 0.4 mm. longis) vel subnullis, antheris subpeltatis vel ellipsoideis, 0.6-0.8 mm. diametro, margine undulatis, loculis 3-7 rimis brevibus horizontalibus apicali- lateralibus interdum confluentibus dehiscentibus; ovario nullo. 368 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XXII NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 18 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1970 m., Brass & Versteegh 12508 (type), Feb. 7, 1939 (tree 28 m. high, common in primary forest on slope of a ridge, the trunk 52 cm. diam., the crown not wide-spreading, the bark 4 mm. thick, brown, with yellow latex, the wood white; flowers white); 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, alt. 1800 m., Brass 12099 (tree 25 m. high, co-dominant in mossy forest, the trunk shortly spurred at base, the bark pale brown, lenticellate, with copious yellow latex; flowers white). Like the preceding new species (G. Archboldiana), G. Engleriana differs from other species of the section in its deeply divided phalanges and comparatively few anther-locules. In the present species the phalanges are so deeply divided that the presumably fundamental four are no longer discernible. The anthers are larger than those of G. Archboldiana and there are obvious floral and foliage differences between the two species. Garcinia (§ Daedalanthera) idenburgensis sp. nov. Arbor glabra ad 33 m. alta, ramulis fusco-cinereis apicem versus 1.5-2 mm. crassis obscure quadrangulatis demum teretibus; petiolis ni- grescentibus circiter 1.5 mm. diametro leviter canaliculatis 7-11 mm. longis, basi foveola inconspicua ornatis; laminis subcoriaceis siccitate fusco-viridibus obovato-ellipticis, 7-11 cm. longis, 3.5-5 cm. latis, basi attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice obtuse cuspidatis, margine integris et minute revolutis, costa supra paullo subtus valde elevata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus numerosis (1—1.5 mm. distantibus) erecto- patentibus raro furcatis utrinque planis vel minute prominulis nervo marginali conjunctis, venulis immersis obscuris; floribus ¢ 5-16 per inflorescentiam sub anthesi 7-8 mm. diametro ex pulvinis conspicuis (3-5 mm. diametro) in axillis foliorum saepe delapsorum orientibus, bracteis minutis numerosis suffultis; pedicellis sub anthesi 5-8 mm. longis gracilibus (0.3-0.5 mm. diametro); sepalis 4 papyraceis vel submembranaceis, oblongis vel obovato-oblongis, apice rotundatis, mar- gine integris, 2 exterioribus valde concavis circiter 2.5 mm. longis et latis, 2 interioribus tenuioribus, 3.5—4 mm. longis, circiter 3 mm. latis; petalis 4 sub anthesi erecto-patentibus tenuiter carnosis elliptico- vel obovato- oblongis, 4.5-5 mm. longis, circiter 3 mm. latis, rotundatis, integris; phalangibus 4 carnosis 2.5—3 mm. longis copiose ramulosis, basi connatis; staminibus apicem phalangis versus aggregatis 30-35 per phalangem, antheris subsessilibus subpeltatis carnosis 0.5—0.6 mm. diametro, loculis plerumque 4 rimis distinctis parvis horizontalibus apicali-lateralibus de- hiscentibus; rudimento gynaecii nullo vel minute pulvinato. 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 369 NETHERLANDS New Gutnea: Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 100 m., Brass & Versteegh 13570 (type), April 15, 1939 (tree 33 m. high, frequent in primary rain-forest on the lower mountain-slopes, the trunk 62 cm. diam., the crown not wide-spreading, the bark 5 mm. thick, brown, scaly, with some dark yellow latex, the wood brown; flowers white). Garcinia idenburgensis seems related to G. Pullei Lauterb., from which it differs in its thicker and larger leaf-blades with less obvious venation, larger flowers, and anthers with fewer locules (those of G. Pullei having 10-20 locules). The flowers of G. idenburgensis are more numerous and smaller than those of the preceding two new species, while the phalanges are clearly four. Garcinia platyphylla sp. nov. Arbor glabra ad 20 m. alta, ramulis crassis fuscis apicem versus com- planatis inferne subteretibus; petiolis rugosis semiteretibus 2-3 mm. crassis 7-17 mm. longis, basi foveola conspicua coriacea margine ad 3 mm. incrassata praeditis; laminis tenuiter coriaceis late ellipticis vel obovato-ellipticis, 10-20 cm. longis, 6-14.5 cm. latis, basi obtusis et petiolum paullo decurrentibus, apice obtusis vel rotundatis, margine in- tegris et paullo recurvatis, costa valida supra paullo elevata et striata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus numerosissimis (1-3 mm. dis- tantibus rete venularum irregulariter conjunctis) erecto-patentibus rec- tis utrinque prominulis nervo marginali conjunctis, venulis indistincte prominulis; inflorescentiis ¢ cymosis terminalibus ut videtur 10—20- floris (sed floribus ante anthesi saepe delapsis) 3-5 cm. longis et latis, pedunculo brevi et ramulis paucis crassis, bracteis coriaceis concavis ovato-deltoideis subacutis 2-4 mm. longis; floribus apice ramulorum inflorescentiarum binis vel ternatis, pedicellis ad 5 mm. longis apice bibracteolatis et articulatis; sepalis 4 imbricatis papyraceis concavis semiorbicularibus integris, 2 exterioribus circiter 3 mm. longis et 4.5 mm. latis, 2 interioribus circiter 4 mm. longis et 6 mm. latis; petalis 5 (immaturis) carnosis oblongo-obovatis, alabastro circiter 5 mm. longis et 4 mm. latis, rotundatis, integris; toro androecii carnoso subcupuliformi margine elevato, staminibus 40—50 apicem tori versus congestis, antheris subsessilibus immaturis ut videtur obovoideo-oblongis (0.5—0.8 mm. longis) 2(vel 3—4?)-loculatis, rimis longitudinalibus lateralibus dehiscen- tibus (?); rudimento gynaecii circiter 1.3 mm. longo, stipite carnoso, stigmate circiter 0.6 mm. diametro minute ruguloso; fructibus (inflores- centiis fructiferis non visis) elongato-ovoideis, ad 5.5 cm. longis et ye cm. latis, basi inconspicue stipitatis et sepalis persistentibus suffultis, 370 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII apicem versus gradatim attenuatis, apice ipso obtusis et stigmate sessili 4—5 mm. diametro bilobato ruguloso coronatis, extra levibus, pericarpio siccitate coriaceo 0.5—1 mm. crasso, seminibus 2 elongato-ovoideis rugu- losis, dissepimento membranaceo, pulpo ut videtur sparso. SOLOMON IsLaNps: Bougainville: Siwai, Waterhouse 108 (NY, TYPE, Y), Oct. 1932 (tree 8-9 m. high; native name: matumatu); Koniguru, Buin, alt. 900 m., Kajewski 2016 (tree up to 20 m. high, common in rain-forest; native name: nakamolo). The type collection bears immature staminate flowers, the Kajewski specimen being accompanied by detached fruits. As these two speci- mens are nearly identical in the details of their foliage, I have little hesitation in referring them to the same species, although the fruit of the second is not of the type commonly found in Garcinia. Comparison with other species of the region leaves little doubt that a new species is represented, but it seems inadvisable at present to refer it to a section. The flowers, unfortunately, are not sufficiently mature to permit the structure of the anthers to be entirely understood; it seems probable that a new section may eventually be desirable for this species. How- ever, it is apparent that the anthers are subsessile on the margin of a continuous and somewhat cupuliform structure surrounding the gynae- cium-rudiment. This arrangement is suggestive of § Conocentrum. The young anthers of our plant are crowded and appear to have three or four locules, but more mature anthers seem to be 2-loculed and longi- tudinally dehiscent, as in § Cambogia. The precise shape of the floral axis of the new species is not found in § Cambogia, which, furthermore, appears never to have only two cells in the ovary. Garcinia platyphylla is further characterized by its thick leaf-blades with numerous lateral nerves, its cymose inflorescences, and its 5 petals. PENTAPHALANGIUM Warb. ——— latissimum (Miq.) Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 58: 46. nes latissima Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 209. 1864; Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 2: XXXVI. 1883; Vesque in DC. Mono ogr. Phan. 8: 338. 1893 NETHERLANDS NEW GuINEA: 2 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 800 m., Brass & Versteegh 13196 (tree 25 m. high, frequent in primary rain-forest on the slope of a ridge, the trunk 56 cm. diam., the crown not wide-spreading, the bark 17 mm. thick, black, scaly, with a fair amount of light yellow latex, the wood yellow-brown; fruits green). 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 371 The species was based on a specimen collected in Halmahera by Teys- mann and subsequently cultivated at Buitenzorg; a sterile specimen from this cultivated plant (no. VI, c, 28) is available in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. Although the species is included by Lauterbach in his treatment of the New Guinea Guttiferae, his de- scription and his new combination are apparently based entirely on a staminate specimen from the Buitenzorg plant. It seems, therefore, that the collection by Brass & Versteegh is the first of the species from New Guinea. Our specimen has foliage which is an excellent match for that of the Buitenzorg plant, and its fruits agree very well with those described by Pierre and Vesque. Pentaphalangium pachycarpum sp. nov. Arbor glabra ad 24 m. alta, ramulis crassis apicem versus 4-8 mm. diametro subteretibus rugosis fusco-cinereis, novellis in nodis paullo ap- planatis; petiolis validis rugosis circiter 3 mm. diametro leviter canali- culata 15-32 mm. longis, basi foveola elliptica margine valde coriacea et elevata praeditis; laminis coriaceis siccitate fuscis obovato- vel oblongo-ellipticis, 9-22 cm. longis, 5.5—11.5 cm. latis, basi subacutis vel attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice rotundatis interdum emar- ginatis, margine integris et anguste recurvatis, costa valida supra con- spicue elevata subtus prominente carinata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus numerosis (1-3 mm. distantibus, alternatis debilioribus) patentibus non- nunquam furcatis utrinque prominulis vel supra subimmersis nervo mar- ginali inconspicuo conjunctis, venulis immersis; inflorescentiis ? ter- minalibus crassis ad 3 cm. longis breviter spicatis 3—7-floris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi rugosis subteretibus 5-6 mm. crassis, floribus sessilibus bracteis papyraceis deltoideo-suborbicularibus rotundatis integris cir- citer 2 mm. longis et 4-5 mm. latis subtentis; sepalis 3 vel 4 imbricatis tenuiter coriaceis semiorbicularibus, circiter 4 mm. longis, 6-8 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine anguste scariosis et integris; petalis 5 vel 6 papyraceis obovato-oblongis, 10-11 mm. longis, 8-10 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, basim versus angustatis, margine scariosis et integris saepe inflexis; phalangibus 5 vel 6 trienti inferiori petalorum adnatis incon- spicuis 2-3 mm. longis irregulariter divisis ut videtur interdum nullis; ovario breviter cylindrico rugoso sub anthesi 4-5 mm. diametro, stig- mate carnoso circiter 5 mm. diametro obscure et regulariter ruguloso, loculis 2 uniovulatis; fructibus elongato-ovoideis, maturitate ad 10 cm. longis et 4.5 cm. latis, basi rotundatis et sepalis persistentibus suffultis, apice stigmate conspicuo ad 1 cm. diametro coronatis, pericarpio sicci- tate crasse coriaceo (lignoso?) 4-7 mm. crasso utrinque sublevi, semini- 372 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII bus 2 lanceolato-ovoideis, ad 8 cm. longis et 2 cm. latis, siccitate coriaceis, apicem versus angustatis, extra conspicue impresso-reticulatis. NETHERLANDS NEw Guinea: Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 50-100 m., Brass & Versteegh 13550 (typE), April 10, 1939 (tree 24 m. high, occasional in primary rain-forest on lower mountain-slopes, the trunk 72 cm. diam., the crown fairly wide-spreading, the bark 10 mm. thick, black, scaly, with some white latex, the wood yellow-brown; flow- ers white; young fruits green, the ripe ones red), Brass 14065 (tree about 20 m. high, common in flooded rain-forest of river-plain; fruits green). The position of this plant in Pentaphalangium is indicated by the leaf- texture, fruit-shape (suggesting that of P. carolinense Lauterb.), and position of the flowers, as well as by the presence of staminodial phal- anges on the petals of the pistillate flowers. On the type-specimen very few flowers are available, and the above description, based only on two dissections, may require future amplification; no. 14065 bears only foliage and fruits. Of the two flowers dissected, one has six petals with obvious but not conspicuous phalanges, while the other, curiously, has five entirely smooth petals. From its only close ally, P. datissimum (Miq.) Lauterb., the new species differs in its somewhat smaller leaves, proportionately broader sepals and petals, and much longer and proportionately narrower fruits. Pentaphalangium Brassii sp. nov. Arbor glabra ad 20 m. alta, ramulis crassis apicem versus 4-8 mm. diametro valde rugosis, novellis complanatis vel leviter quadrangulatis demum subteretibus; petiolis rugosis 2—4 mm. crassis canaliculatis 10-25 mm. longis, basi foveola elliptica margine valde crassa et elevata praeditis; laminis subcoriaceis oblongo-ellipticis, 13-32 cm. longis, 6-16 cm, latis, basi acutis vel attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis, margine integris et paullo recurvatis, costa valida supra elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrin- secus numerosis (1-3 mm. distantibus, alternatis debilioribus) rectis plerumque simplicibus utrinque prominulis nervo marginali conjunctis, rete venularum inconspicuo vel in laminis novellis leviter prominulo; in- florescentiis @ terminalibus crassis 1.5—2.5 cm. longis cymosis vel brev- iter spicatis 3—7-floris, pedunculo brevi rugoso 3-4 mm. crasso, bracteis basi ramulorum inconspicuorum oblongis acutis ad 8 mm. longis; floribus sessilibus sub anthesi 22-25 mm. diametro, bracteis papyraceis del- toideis acutis carinatis 3-4 mm. longis subtentis; sepalis 4 coriaceis imbricatis late ovato-semiorbicularibus, 4-6 mm. longis, 7-8 mm. latis, 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, III 373 rotundatis, margine scariosis et integris; petalis 5 papyraceis obovato- oblongis, 13-14 mm. longis, 8-9 mm. latis, basim versus angustatis, margine integris vel obscure erosulis, venulis distaliter inconspicue reticulatis; phalangibus inconspicuis 1.5—2 mm. longis pauciramosis basi petalorum adnatis; ovario breviter subcylindrico sulcato sub anthesi 3-5 mm. diametro apicem versus obscure ruguloso, stigmate conspicuo carnoso convexo 6-7 mm. diametro minute ruguloso, loculis 3 uni- ovulatis; fructibus ovoideis, maturitate ad 9 cm. longis et 5 cm. latis, basi rotundatis et sepalis persistentibus suffultis, apice stigmate ad 1 cm, diametro coronatis, pericarpio coriaceo siccitate 2—5 mm. crasso utrinque sublevi, dissepimentis subcoriaceis, seminibus 3 (interdum 1 vel 2) oblongo-ovoideis, ad 7 cm. longis et 3 cm. latis, siccitate valde coriaceis, apicem versus gradatim angustatis, testa subcoriacea in- conspicue impresso-reticulata. British New GuINnEA: Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 8206 (tTyPE), Oct. 1936 (dense-foliaged tree 20 m. high, common on banks of river in flood-plain rain-forest, the trunk cylindric, the bark dark, rough, fissured, the latex cream colored, the branches short and weak; flowers white, the stigma yellow; ripe fruit red). Pentaphalangium Brassii bears a close resemblance to the preceding new species (P. pachycarpum), but differs in its slightly more slender pistillate inflorescence with acute and carinate rather than rounded bracts, in its longer and proportionately narrower petals with the staminodial phalanges at the base rather than higher on the face of the petal, in its 3 rather than 2 ovary-locules, in the thinner pericarp of its fruit, and in its proportionately broader seeds with less obvious surface reticulation. The flowers dissected all agree in having 4 sepals, 5 petals, and 3 ovary-locules, but of course additional material may prove these numbers unstable. Pentaphalangium solomonense sp. nov. Arbor glabra 10 m. alta, ramulis fuscis apicem versus subcomplanatis et 3-4 mm. crassis demum subteretibus rugosis lenticellatis; petiolis rugosis semiteretibus circiter 2 mm. crassis 10-15 mm. longis, basi foveola elliptica margine coriacea et valde (ad 2 mm.) elevata praeditis; laminis crasse coriaceis siccitate fuscis obovato-ellipticis, 7-13.5 cm. longis, 3.5—7 cm. latis, basi subattenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice rotundatis vel inconspicue emarginatis, margine integris et leviter recurvatis, costa supra subplana vel paullo elevata subtus prominente carinata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus numerosis (1—1.5 mm. distanti- bus) erecto-patentibus utrinque prominulis vel supra subimmersis mar- 374 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL, XXII ginem versus saepe furcatis nervo marginali conjunctis, rete venularum subtus interdum leviter prominulo; inflorescentiis @ terminalibus ad 3 cm. longis trichotome cymosis (3—)9~—15-floris (sub anthesi floribus paucis), pedunculo brevi et ramulis paucis rugosis 2-3 mm. crassis saepe leviter angulatis, bracteis basi ramulorum coriaceis oblongis subacutis 4-7 mm. longis, floribus sessilibus bracteis coriaceis deltoideo-semi- orbicularibus rotundatis circiter 2 mm. longis et 3-4 mm. latis subtentis; sepalis 4 late imbricatis coriaceis concavis semiorbicularibus, 3.5—5 mm. longis, 5-6 mm. latis, rotundatis, margine scariosis et integris; petalis 5 (raro 4) carnosis obovato-oblongis (in specimine nostro immaturis), 6-7 mm. longis, 3-4 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, basim versus angustatis, margine integris; phalangibus trienti inferiori petalorum adnatis in- conspicuis simplicibus stamina 1-3 sterilia gerentibus (filamentis car- nosis circiter 0.2 mm. longis, antheris subglobosis vel transverse ellip- soideis 0.5—-0.8 mm. diametro); ovario obovoideo-cylindrico ante anthesim 2-3 mm. diametro sulcato carnoso, stigmate conspicue ruguloso circiter 2.5 mm. diametro margine irregulariter lobulato, loculis 2 uni- ovulatis; fructibus juvenilibus elliptico-subglobosis, basi rotundatis et sepalis persistentibus suffultis, apice stigmate bilobato ruguloso ad 3.5 mm. diametro coronatis, pericarpio coriaceo. SoLOMON ISLANDS: N’Gela Group _ (Florida Islands), Olevuga: Brass 3484 (type), Jan. 16, 1933 (tree 10 m. high, solitary in a rain-forest gully on grassland, the branches stiffly spread- ing, the bark hard, rough, dark brown, with a white sticky latex, the leaf-blades stiff, with pale midribs; immature fruits pale yellow, with black persistent stigmas). Compared with the species thus far known in Pentaphalangium, P. solomonense is unusual in having the staminodial phalanges of the petals of its pistillate flowers composed of 1-3 abortive stamens; as a rule these phalanges are merely irregularly laciniate tissue with no approximation of true anthers. Conspicuously different from the Papuan species thus far known, P. solomonense seems most closely related to P. carolinense Lauterb., from which it differs in its much thicker leaf-texture; in P. carolinense the phalanges of the pistillate flowers have numerous branches (Kanehira, Fl. Micrones. 241. fig. 112, C. 1933), ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HarvArRD UNIVERSITY. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VII 375 PLANTAE PAPUANAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VII* E. D. MerrILL AND L. M. PERRY THIS paper is a continuation of our study of the smaller families of the Papuasian collections. Lack of authentic material for comparison, coupled with the fluidity of generic lines, has made the identification of the Vitaceae a particularly difficult task. The family is in great need of critical revision, and, in order to clear up some of the loose concepts, it should be surveyed as a whole rather than geographically. VITACEAE Ampelocissus Planchon Ampelocissus acetosa Planchon, Vigne Améric. 96. 1885; Planchon in C. Monog. Phan. 5: 381. 1887; Domin, Bibl. Bot. 22: 925. 1927. Cissus acetosa F. v. Muell. Trans. Phil. Inst. Vict. 3: 24. 1859. Vitis acetosa F. v. Muell. Pl. Vict. 1: 94. 1860-62; Benth. Fl. Austr. 1: 449. 1863; F. M. Bail. Queens]. Fl. 1: 282. 1899, British NEW GUINEA: Western Division, Wassi Kussa River, Tarara, Brass 8647, January 1937, rambling amongst grass in savannah- forest (branches, petioles and lower surface of ledves glaucous; inflo- rescence red); Daru Island, Brass 6448, April 1936, rare small climber in edge of light rain-forest (large bunches of grape-like fruit); Laloki River, Haga, Brass 900, January 1926, coast savannahs (flowers red- dish; fruit black, edible, slightly acrid). With no available material for comparison, and with the similarity between the Papuan specimens and the description of this Queensland species so marked, we have hesitated to place these collections elswhere at present. Am/pelocissus pauciflora Merr. of the Philippine Islands is a closely related species. Tetrastigma Planchon Tetrastigma Pullei Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 514. 1925. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 10247A, October 1938, alt. 2800 m., common climber of second growths in forest openings. * (Botanical ee of the Richard Archbold Expeditions) See Jour. Arnold Arb, 22: 254-270. 376 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Although this collection seems to belong to Tetrastigma Pullei Lauterb., it seems worth mentioning that the leaves are coriaceous or very firmly chartaceous, the terminal leaflets vary from 1.7 to 4 cm. long and up to 3.2 cm. broad, the widely spreading primary veins are im- pressed above (sometimes also branched so that the upper leaf-surface appears rugose) and prominent beneath. Tetrastigma Lauterbachianum Gilg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam. 3(5): 447, f. 218 A-E. 1896; K. Schum. & Lauterb. FI. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 430. 1900; Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 510. 1925. SoLoMoNn IsLANDs: Malaita Island, Quoimonapu, Kajewski 2319, December 1930, common in rain-forest at sea level. The species has been recorded previously from New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. Cissus Linnaeus Cissus conchigera Ridley, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 9: 31. 1916, NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 13075, March 1939, alt. 850 m., climbing in Saccharum on flood banks of river (flowers greenish yellow; fruit black). British NEw GuInEA: Palmer River, 1 mile above Black River Junction, Brass 6942, June 1936, wet clayey soil on riverside landslip (low scrambling brown-pubescent shrub; flowers yellow); Lake Davi- umbu, Middle Fly River, Brass 7479, rain-forest, very common large canopy liana. Without access to the type-specimens, we are unable to distinguish Cissus Ledermannii Lauterb. from this species. The lower leaf-surfaces in the Fly River collections are much more pubescent than those of the collection from Netherlands New Guinea, but all surely belong to the same species. Cissus indica Rottler, Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berl. Neu. Schrift. 4: 183. 1803 Cissus adnata Roxb. FI. Ind. 1: 423. 1820. On account of some doubt as to the identity of the plant, the name Cissus indica Rottler was discarded by Planchon. There seems to be, however, an authentic specimen in Willdenow’s herbarium, and, in the light of the numerous present day collections, this ought to be re- examined together with the originals of C. adnata Roxb. and C, assamica (Laws.) Craib. These species have been variously interpreted. Of 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VII 377 the Indo-Malaysian material at hand, all of the earlier Indian collec- tions have been distributed under the specific name adnata. In this are three entities as to types of pubescence: (1) pubescence of single several-celled hairs; (2) pubescence of malpighioid hairs, the leaf tend- ing to become glabrous except along the nerves on the lower surface; (3) pubescence of malpighioid hairs, the leaf tending to remain densely pubescent on the lower surface. In addition, in the flowers of plants clothed with simple hairs, there are a few hairs around the base of the style on the disk; in the other two, the disk of the flowers is glabrous. The first, Gagnepain, Not. Syst. 1: 353. 1911, has intepreted as C. adnata Roxb., a species unquestionably distinct from the other two entities designated as C. assamica (Laws.) Craib, and var. pulosissima Gagnep. respectively. Whether Gagnepain’s interpretation is correct we cannot say, since he gives no indication of having had access to authentic material of C. adnata Roxb. and both species are reported from the same region. As a matter of fact, in the early and historic collections (some of which are cited by Gagnepain) at hand the material is badly mixed; hence, without the opportunity to examine the original specimens, and, considering the rather vague original de- scriptions, any decision in the matter must, of necessity, be arbitrary. n the Papuan collections under consideration there are specimens which, we believe, represent both C. adnata Roxb. and C. assamica (Laws.) Craib as interpreted by Gagnepain. Of the former, we have a single specimen, Schlechter 18896, cited by Lauterbach, Bot. Jahrb. 59: 519. 1925, under C. repens Lam. Unfortunately, we have not a single collection cited by Lauterbach under C. adnata Roxb.; hence, we are at a loss to know what entity he considered to be C. adnata Roxb. Further, we do not find in his work, “Die Vitaceen Papuasiens,” any mention of Hollrung 419, the one collection of this complex from New Guinea cited by Gagnepain. In view of the nomenclatural dilemma outlined above, for the present we have assigned the following collec- tions to: Cissus assamica (Laws.) Craib, Kew Bull. 1911: 31.1911. Vitis assamica Laws. FI. Brit. Ind. 1: 648. 1875. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 12397, January 1939, alt. 1500 m., rain-forest, climbing in undergrowth on open bank of stream (flowers yellow; fruit immature); 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 13064, March 1939, alt. 850 m., in rain-forest seral growths, common scrambling shrub on river banks. British NEw GUINEA: 378 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Jawarere, Brass 679, November 1925, alt. + 300 m., rain-forest. NorTHEASTERN New GurneA: Bulung River, Clemens 5341, Feb- ruary 1937, alt. + 800 m. Sotomon Isianps: Bougainville Island, without definite locality, Kajewski 1605, March 1930, alt. 100 m., rain- forest (fruit black when ripe, 6 mm. long, 7 mm. diameter); Kugimaru, Buin, Kajewski 1811, June 1930, alt. 150 m., rain-forest (fruit shiny black when ripe, 6 mm. long 5.5 mm. diameter); Marmaromino, Kajewski 2215, September 1930, alt. 50 m., climbing in rain-forest trees. Somewhat doubtfully we add Kajewski 2410, Berande, Guadalcanal Island. The leaves of this are larger and more membranaceous than in the other collections cited. Cissus simplex Blanco FI. Filip. 72. 1837; Merr. Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 7% Cissus pyrrhodasys Migq. F1. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1: 517. 1860. SoLoMon IsLtanps: Guadalcanal Island, Uulolo, Tutuve Mountain, Kajewski 2640, May 1931, alt. 1200 m., common in rain-forest; Malaita Island, Quoimonapu, Kajewski 2362, December 1930, alt. 50 m., rain- forest. These collections represent a small range extension eastward. The species is known from India through Malaysia. Possibly this is the entity which Lauterbach designated as Cissus adnata Roxb. var. mon- tana in New Guinea. Cissus ? hypoglauca A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 272. 1854; Planchon in DC. Monog. Phan. 5: 519. 1887. Vitis hypoglauca F. v. Muell. Pl. Vict. 1:94. t. 10. 1860-62; Benth. Fi. Austral. 1: 450. 1863. NORTHEASTERN New GuINEA: Ogeramnang, Clemens 4970, January 1937, alt. + 1700 m., tall vine in forest. This rather young specimen shows a very strong likeness to our Australian material of Cissus hypoglauca A. Gray. It differs in that the midrib on the lower surface of the leaflets, the petioles, petiolules, and the axis of the inflorescence are clothed more or less with a brownish tomentum. This is obviously partly deciduous, but whether it is wholly so as the plant arrives at maturity we cannot say. Cayratia Jussieu Cayratia grandifolia (Warb.) comb. nov. Cissus grandifolia Warb. Bot. Jahrb. 18: 199. 1893; K. Schum. & Lauterb. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Stidsee 428. 1900; Lauterb. Nov. Guin. 8: 302. 1910; Rechinger, Denkschr. Math.-Naturw. Kaiserl. 1941) MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VII 379 Akad. Wissensch. 89: 574 (Bot. Zool. Ergeb. Wiss. Forsch. Samoa-I, Neug.-Arch. Salomonsins. 5: 132). 1913; Ridl. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 9: 31. 1916; Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 527. 1925. BritisH NEw GuINEA: Western Division, Daru Island, Brass 6396, March 1936, rare in second growth rain-forest (robust liana); Sturt Island, Lower Fly River, Brass 8195, October 1936, rain-forest (large climber ascending to the tree-tops); Central Division, Nakeo District, Baroka, Brass 3771, April 1933, alt. 30 m., fairly common in the rain- forests (very large climber with thick flexible stems; leaflets somewhat convex, shining on both surfaces, nerves pale; petals greenish yellow). SOLOMON IsLANps: Bougainville Island, Kieta, Kajewski 1577, March 1930, at sea-level, rain-forest (common vine; fruit white-green when ripe, semi-transparent, flattened at the apex and the base, 9 mm. long, 14 mm. diameter, when dry 6 mm. long, 8 mm. diameter, + rugose). Although we have no authentic material for comparison, these collec- tions agree reasonably well with the description of this species except that the pubescence on the lower surface of the leaves is confined to the midrib and the larger nerves. Cayratia megacarpa (Lauterb.) comb. n Cissus megacarpa Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. ss om 1925. This species is represented in our herbarium only by Schlechter 16878, a specimen cited in the original description. Cayratia lineata (Warb.) comb. nov. Cissus lineata Warb. Bot. Jahrb. 18: 370. 1891. Cayratia lineata var. fusco-lanata (Lauterb.) comb. no Cissus lineata var. fusco-lanata Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. oe 528. 1925; White, Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 236. 1929. The two specimens of this variety at hand are Schlechter 16775, an isotype, and Brass 1137. Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. Not. Syst. 1: 349. 1911, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 1: 983. ¢.26. f.11—16. 1912 Vitis japonica Thunb. Fl, Japan 104. 1784. SOLOMON IsLANps: Guadalcanal Island, Uulolo, Tutuve Mountain, Kajewski 2600, April 1931, alt. 1200 m., common in rain-forest (fruit black when ripe, flattened, 8 mm. long, 1.4 cm. diameter). This collection agrees reasonably well with the material of this species from tropical Asia. Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. appears to be a wide-spread species, having been reported from China, Indo-China, Japan, Formosa, Java, the Philippines, Australia, New Caledonia, the 380 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Loyalty Islands, and the Bismarck Archipelago. This seems to be the first record from the Solomon Islands. Leea Linnaeus Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Philip. Jour. Sci. 14: 245, 1919, Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 3: 11. 1923. Staphylea indica Burm. f. Fl. Ind. 75. t. 23, f. 2. 1768. Leea sambucina Willd. Sp. Pl. 1:1177. 1797; Benth. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 2: 214. 1843; Hemsl. Kew Bull. 1895: 134. 1895; Valeton, Bull. Dept. Agric. Néerl. 10: 31, 1907; Rechinger, Denkschr. Math.- Naturw. Kaiserl. Akad. Wissensch. 89: 574. 1913; C. T. White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 34: 43. 1923; Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 531. 1925; Lam, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. 88: 208. 1928; C. T. White, Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 237. 1929. British New Guinea: Fly River, 528 mile Camp, Brass 6809, common on river banks from camp to coast; Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 8201A, plentiful on river banks (sparsely branched tree 6—7 m. high; stem and branches hollow and inhabited by ants; branchlets corrugated; flowers green). In addition to the above are two other collections which may possibly belong here; at least without further material we are hesitant about placing them elsewhere at present. The leaves are very much like those of L. indica (Burm. f.) Merr. but are minutely pilose on the nerves on the lower surface of the leaflets, and the leaflets have a very long acumen (up to 3 cm.); the inflorescence (in early anthesis) is very short (up to 12 cm. long) as compared to the usual form in this species. NETHERLANDS New GUINEA: 6 km, southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 12764, February 1939, alt. 1200 m., on open banks of a small stream (tree 3 m. high). SoLomMon IsLANpDs: San Cristobal Island, Waimamura, Brass 2591, August 1932, common in lowland rain-forests (sparsely branched tree 12 m. tall, supported on stilt roots 1 m. long; stems pithy; bark brown, lenticellate; flowers yel- lowish green; fruit compressed, fleshy, purple-black, 1.3 cm. diameter ). Leea solomonensis sp. nov. Arbor usque 7 m. alta; ramulis minute ferrugineo-pubescentibus; foliis simpliciter pinnatis, in specimine typico 2-jugis; petiolo circiter 6 cm. longo et rhachi 7 cm. longa minute crispule ferrugineo-pubescentibus ; foliolis ellipticis, + 18 cm. longis, 8-10 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel late cuneatis, apice fractis, margine repando-dentatis, chartaceis, supra glabris, subtus parce crispule pubescentibus, subclathrato-reticulatis, venis primariis utrinsecus 15—17, patenti-adscendentibus prope marginem 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VII 381 arcuatis, supra distinctis, subtus prominulis; petiolulis lateralibus 1.4-2 cm. longis, terminali 4.2 cm. longo; paniculis minute crispule pubescentibus, in fructu 35 cm. longis; alabastris immaturis, calyce puberulo; petalis 5 basi connatis, apice inflexo-mucronatis valvatis, 6 mm. longa, extus apicem versus puberulis; staminibus 5; ovario glabro, stylo glabro striato; baccis depressis globosis, in sicco + 1.5 cm. longis, 2.5 cm. diametro, 6-spermis. SOLOMON IsLANDs: Guadalcanal Island, Ma-massa, Konga, Kajewski 2488 (TYPE), February 1931, alt. 400 m., common in rain-forest (a very small tree up to 7 m. high; fruit red when ripe, 2.4 cm. long, 3 cm. diameter, flattened at the apex and the base). In its loosely branching inflorescence Leea solomonensis appears to be related to L. macropus Lauterb. & K. Schum. It may be readily distinguished however, by the elliptic leaves obtuse rather than rounded at the base, and the minute crisp pubescence on the lower surface of the leaves. Leea suaveolens sp. nov. Arbor usque 10 m. alta; foliis simpliciter pinnatis, ? bijugis, petiolo + 7 cm. longo, glabro vel puberulo; foliolis oblongo-ellipticis, 15-20 cm. longis, 7-9 cm, latis, basi subrotundatis paullo obliquis, apice acuminatis, acumine 2—2.5 cm. longo, margine grosse serrato-crenatis, subcoriaceis, glabris vel subtus costa atque axillis inter venas ac costam parce pubescentibus, tenuiter subclathrato-reticulatis, venis primariis utrinsecus 11-13, patenti-adscendentibus prope marginem arcuatis, in dentes marginis ipsius excurrentibus; petiolulis + 1.5 cm. longis, pu- berulis interdum consperse glandulosis; paniculis puberulis subdivari- catim ramosis; floribus pentameris ad apices ramulorum 2—4-natis; pedicellis 5-6 mm. longis; calyce 3 mm. longo, campanulato, + irregu- lariter lobato, extus puberulo interdum parce glanduloso; corolla 7 mm. longa, laciniis oblongis, 4.5 mm. longis, apice brevissime subcucullatis inflexo-mucronulatis, extus puberulis; staminibus 5, filamentis prope basim disci extus insertis atque in sulcis longitudinalibus disci immersis, antheris in alabastro intra discum inflexis, 1.8 mm. longis; disco cylin- drico, 5 mm. longo, 5-dentato, dentibus emarginatis; ovario glabro, 1 mm. longo, stylo striato 3 mm. longo puberulo; baccis globosis, siccis 2.5 cm. diametro, 6-spermis. SoLtoMon IsLanps: Ysabel Island, Tiratona, Brass 3343 (TYPE), December 1932, alt. 600 m., common in rain-forests (densely foliaged tree up to 10 m. tall; leaves pale below; flowers cream-colored, sweetly perfumed; fruit globose, smooth, brown, up to 5 cm. diameter). 382 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII In the oblong-elliptic leaflets and the open inflorescence Leea suaveolens shows some resemblance to L. macropus Lauterb. & K. Schum. The latter, however, is a glabrous tree with flowers densely crowded at the apices of the ultimate branches of the inflorescence. In L. suaveolens the inflorescence is puberulous with scattered glands on the calyx and occasionally on the axis and the branches of the in- florescence; glands also occur on the rachis and the petiolules of the leaflets. Unfortunately, our material is too scanty to determine whether these are sufficiently constant to be used as a specific diagnostic char- acter. The fruit of this species is somewhat larger than that reported for the other related species. Leea macropus Lauterb. & K. Schum, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl. 2: 130. 1898; K. Schum. & Lauterb. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 430. 1900, Nachtr. 313. 1905; Valeton, Ic. Bogor. 3: 147. ¢, 258. 1908; Bak. f. Jour. Bot. 61: Suppl. 11. 1923, 1. c. 62: 54. 1924; Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 59: 530. 1925; Kaneh. & Hatus. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 52: 415. 1938. SoLoMoNn IsLANDs: San Cristobal, Balego-Nagonago, Brass 2825, September 1932, alt. 500 m., mountain rain-forests (sparsely branched spreading tree 6 m. tall; branches pithy, rather fleshy; leaves smooth and shining; flower buds yellow; unripe fruit brown, broadly pyriform, 2.5 cm. diameter ). Although we have no authentic material of this species for comparison, this collection corresponds too closely with Valeton’s description and plate of K. Schumann’s species to be placed elsewhere at present. Closely allied or possibly belonging to the same species is Kajewski 1865, a fruiting specimen with open inflorescence and bipinnate leaves. This material was collected on Bougainville Island. Leea papuana sp. nov. Arbuscula 2—2.5 m. alta, ramosa vel eramosa; foliis paucis sub apice caulis congestis, simpliciter pinnatis, 5-jugis; petiolo 17 cm. longo, rhachi 31 cm. longa 4-angulatis, supra canaliculatis, marginibus ven- tralibus alatis vel subalatis, glabris; petiolulis 6-12 mm. longis, crispo- alatis; foliolis anguste oblongis, 18-38 cm. longis, 6.5-10 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel subrotundatis, apice longe acuminatis, acumine 1.5—3 cm. longo, margine remotiuscule sinuato-dentatis, glabris, coriaceis, crebre clathrato-reticulatis, venis primariis utrinsecus 10-17, supra distincte manifestis, subtus perspicuis; panicula terminali conferta; axi 5-6 cm. longa; baccis brunneis globosis, + 3.5 cm. diametro, 6-spermis. British New Guinea: Palmer River, 2 miles below Black River 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VII 383 Junction, Brass 7325 (TYPE), July 1936, alt. 100 m., restricted to the muddy banks of flood-plain streams; uncommon (small tree, branched or unbranched, 2—2.5 m. high; leaves few, clustered at the apex of the stem below a dense terminal cluster of soft brown globose fruit + 3.5 cm. diameter). Leea tuberculata Lauterb., L. coryphantha Lauterb., and L. hetero- doxa Lauterb. & K. Schum., all have more or less the aspect of L. papuana. Nevertheless, our new species may be distinguished from the first by its simply pinnate leaves, from the second by the coriaceous narrower and sinuate-dentate leaflets, and from L. heterodoxa Lauterb. & K. Schum. by the narrowly winged rachis. CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia Schrader Wahlenbergia confusa sp. nov. Herba gracilis glabra; caulibus decumbentibus hinc inde ramosis; ramis 5-15 cm. longis, adscendentibus, saepe confertis, inferne foliosis, insuper nudis (1-6 cm.), unifloris; foliis alternis, sessilibus, lineari- oblongis vel fere lanceolatis, 4-7 mm. longis, 1.5-2 mm. latis, remote minuteque serrato-dentatis; calyce glabro, tubo circiter 2 mm. longo, cyathiformi, lobis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis, 3 mm. longis; corolla cyanea, 1.6 cm. longa, infundibuliformi, 5-fida, lobis ovatis; staminibus in alabastris prope anthesim 5 mm. longis, antheris 2 mm. longis, fila- mentis post anthesim 3 mm. longis, minute pilosis, basi applanatis sursum gradatim angustatis, versus apicem filiformibus; stylo longitu- dine tubi corollae, a medio ad apicem puberulo; stigmatibus 3, post anthesim revolutis; capsulis + 5 mm, diametro, subglobosis, calycis lobis reflexis coronatis, 3-locularibus, apice 3-valvis, dehiscentibus; seminibus ellipsoideis, vix 1 mm. longis. NETHERLANDS NEW GuINEA: 5 miles northeast of Wilhelmina-top, Brass 9399 (type), August 1938, alt. 3440 m., plentiful under the banks of grassland streams (ascending herb with striking blue flowers) ; 11 km. northeast of Wilhelmina-top, Brass & Mvyer-Drees 9721, September 1938, alt. 3400 m., rather wet open places along a small river (herba- ceous; corolla blue). The species most closely approaches the description of Wahlenbergia eurycarpa Domin, but that is an erect plant with a larger capsule. As compared with W. gracilis A. DC., this plant is readily separated by the one-flowered inflorescence, and the flowers are distinguishable by the outline of the filaments; in this species the filament gradually tapers 384 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. Xx to a filiform apex, in W. gracilis A. DC. the flattened and pubescent base of the filament very abruptly narrows into the short filiform apex; the capsules too are slightly different in outline, and the calyx lobes crowning the capsule of W. gracilis A. DC. are erect. Wahlenbergia gracilis A. DC. Monog. Campan. 142. 1830; F. v. Muell. Pap. Pl. 2: 11. 1885; K. Schum. & Lauterb, Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 593. 1900; White & Francis, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 38: 260. 1927. NETHERLANDS New GuINnEA: Balim River, Brass 11627, December 1938, alt. 1600 m., plentiful on grassy deforested slopes. BritisH NEw GuINEa: Central Division, Wharton Range, Murray Pass, Brass 4640, June-September 1933, alt. 2840 m., sporadic on grasslands. We believe these collections represent Wahlenbergia gracilis A. DC. in the wider sense. They appear to be more like the Australian material passing as W. gracilis A. DC. than the Asiatic material labelled W. marginata A. DC. It is to be noted, however, that there has been a tendency to regard the two as the same species, although specialists working on the group state very definitely that the Australian material is different from the Asiatic. Nannfeldt, Act. Hort. Gothob. 5: 32. 1929 (Campanulaceae in H. Smith, Pl. Sinenses) indicated that N. E. Brown, Gard. Chron. 54: 316. 1913, discussed and defined Wahlenbergia gracilis, attributing the combination to Schrader who did not complete it, and pointing out that W. gracilis A. DC. is a mixture of at least a half dozen perfectly distinct species; also that the entities cannot be un- tangled without considerable study of the types. Pentaphragma Wallich Pentaphragma macrophyllum Oliver, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 15: 29. 1875; F. v. Muell. Pap. Pl. 1: 28. 1876; Valeton, Bull. Dept. Agric. Neerl. Ind. 10: 68. 1907; Pulle, Nov. Guin. Bot. 8: 407. 1910, 1. c. 691. 1912; Lam, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Ind. 88: 213, 218. 1928. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 12904, alt. 1200 m., in sheltered gully in rain- forest; 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 13275, alt. 850 m., occasional on shady banks of rain-forest streams. British NEw GuINEA: Fly River, 528 mile Camp, Brass 6622, May 1936, alt. 80 m., casual in gullies of forest (a striking fleshy unbranched shrub + 1 m. high; leaves smooth and shining, nerves deeply impressed above, prominent below; sepals greenish white; petals yellow; fleshy white fruit containing very small brown seeds). 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VII 385 The collections from Netherlands New Guinea agree closely with the original description. These have a practically glabrous flower, somewhat pubescent at the base and also on the subtending bracts and along the axis of the inflorescence. The lower surface of the leaves is pubescent chiefly along the nerves. In the Fly River material, the calyx- tube is pubescent outside even when mature, the axis of the inflorescence and the floral bracts are densely so, and the entire lower surface of the leaves is sparsely pubescent. Possibly further collections will reveal other differences. Lobelia Linnaeus Lobelia brachyantha sp. nov. Herba prostrata paullo ramosa, consperse pilosa, trichomatibus sim- plicibus pluricellularibus; caulibus gracillimis; foliis parvis, late reni- formi-orbicularibus, 2.5-5 mm. longis, 3-7 mm. latis, petiolatis, petiolo + 2 mm. longo; margine undulato-dentatis, dentibus mucronulatis, supra consperse pilosis, subtus glabris; floribus axillaribus; pedunculis 4—5 mm. longis; hypanthio brevissimo, calycis lobis 2-2.5 mm. longis, lineari-lanceolatis obtusiusculis, margine utroque prope medio lobulum unum gerentibus; corolla purpurea, oblique subcampanulata, 3 mm. longa, tubo brevi intus maculato atque minute piloso, lobis extus pilosis, 3 anticis ovatis, 2 posticis paullo oblique lanceolatis; staminibus con- natis, fere 3 mm. longis, filamentis glabris, antherarum tubo extus postico parce glanduloso, antheris 2 inferioribus minoribus apice setigeris, 3 superioribus apice nudis; capsulis vix 3 mm. longis, bivalvis; semini- bus compressis ovoideis. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass 11570 (type), November 1938, alt. 2350 m., creeping on bare rock on a sparsely vegetated limestone precipice (flowers a very dark purple). Lobelia brachyantha is a very small species with a Pratia-like habit belonging to the section Hemipogon. It differs from the description of L. arfakensis Gibbs in the very shallowly sinuate-dentate leaf-margins, the much smaller flowers and capsules, the very short hypanthium, and the minutely lobed or toothed calyx-lobes. The hairs of the pubescence are distinctly several-celled. Lobelia microcarpa C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 424. 1881, vel aff. BritisH NEw Guinea: Oriomo River, Wuroi, Brass 5737, January- March 1934, alt. 10-30 m., common throughout the savannahs (fleshy 386 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII ascending herb with small blue flowers); Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, Brass 7839, plentiful on wet savannahs and open grass plains (flowers bright blue). This plant (from 10-50 cm. in height) is much larger than that (7-13 cm.) which was the basis of the original description, yet the char- acters are similar: the lower leaves are lanceolate-ovate, crenulate- dentate, the upper are linear and bract-like. The seeds are distinctly trigonous. Unfortunately, we have no material for comparison. It is very much like some collections from Indo-China and China at present passing under various names, including material named by F. E. Wimmer as a variety of L. alsinoides Lam. and described by Danguy as L. chinen- sis Lour. var. cantonensis Wimm. Lobelia zeylanica L. Sp. Pl. 932. 1753; G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 709. 1834. Lobelia succulenta Blume, Bijdr. 728. 1826; Lam, Nat. Tijdschr. Nederl. Ind. 89: 315, 317. 1929. Lobelia affints Wall. List no. 1311. 1829, nomen nudum; G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 709. 1834; S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. II. 9: 88. 1916; Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 55: 122. 1917. Lobelia barkata Warb. Bot. Jahrb. 13: 444. 1891; K. Schum. & Lauterb. Fl, Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Stidsee 593. 1900. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 13253, March 1939, alt. 850 m., rain-forest, com- mon on open flood banks of river; Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 13965, April 1939, alt..55 m., on silt beds in a rain-forest stream (flowers violet). NORTHEASTERN New GUINEA: in open thickets, Schlechter 18258, September 1908, alt. 600 m. Two factors probably have contributed to the confusion associated with the interpretation of Lobelia zeylanica L. Linnaeus derived his spe- cific name from Campanula ceylanica, senecionis folio, flore purpureo Seba, Thes. 1:37. ¢. 22, f. 12. 1734, yet, at the same time, adding a question mark to the reference; however, his description was based wholly on a plant collected by Osbeck, near Canton, China, and this, as described, represents a species totally different from the form Seba illustrated. The Osbeck specimen is unquestionably the type of L. zeylanica L. We have examined a number of collections from southern China which agree well with the description of Linnaeus’ species, and some of these have been so named by F. E. Wimmer. In the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden is a specimen named in Blume’s handwriting as L. succulenta Bl., thus being apparently an isotype. It is a good match for the Chinese material of L. zeylanica L., and also for the Indian material of L. affinis Wall. It should be noted, however, 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VII 387 that De Candolle, Prodr. 7: 373. 1839, placed L. succulenta Bl. in §2, characterized thus, ‘“‘Antherae 2 solum inferiores apice barbatae vel setis terminatae,’’ and in his specific description says ‘‘Antherae su- periores glabrae’”’; his authority for this is “(v. in h. mus. Par. a cl. Blum. miss.).” Hence, it would seem either that Blume distributed a mixed collection or that De Candolle erred in his observations. We have at hand collections of this species from China, India, Sumatra, Java, and New Guinea. A collection from Java labeled in Blume’s handwriting as Lobelia javensis Zipp. is a distinctly different species. Phyllocharis Diels Phyllocharis subcordata sp. nov. Herba basi radicans; caulibus glabris; foliis 1-1.5 cm. petiolatis, tenuiter membranaceis, glabris vel subtus in nervis puberulis, anguste ovatis, 1.5—3.5 cm. longis, 1.2—2 cm. latis, apice acutiusculis, basi sub- cordatis vel truncato-subcordatis saepe paullo inaequilateralibus, mar- gine crenato-dentatis, dentibus mucronatis; floribus pedunculatis; pedunculo 5—6 mm. longo; calycis tubo 1-2 mm. longo, glabro, lobis linearibus, 2-3 mm. longis; corollae tubo brevissimo, lobis 2 posticis 8 mm. longis, 0.5 mm. latis, quam labio antico subduplo longioribus, glabris, lobis 3 anticis 3 mm. longis supra medium connatis, intus papillosis; seminibus minute verruculosis. NORTHEASTERN NEw GuINEA: Morobe District, Yoangen, Clemens 3426 (TYPE), June 1936, alt. + 1200 m., on wet bank with Elatostemma (flowers yellow); Malalo Mission, Clemens 4404A, December 1936, alt. + 750 m. In the crenate-dentate leaf-margin and the inner papillose surface of the anterior lip of the corolla, this species approaches Phyllocharis Schlechteri Diels; in the practically glabrous flower, the much longer posterior lobes of the corolla and the verruculose seeds there is a likeness to P. oblongifolia Diels. Phyllocharis subcordata differs from both species in the subcordate or truncate and very shallowly lobed leaf-base. GOODENIACEAE Velleia Smith Velleia spathulata R. Br. Prodr. 580. 1810; F. M. Bail. Queensl. FI. 3: 894. 1900; Krause, Pflanzenr. 54(IV.277): 29. 1912. British New GUINEA: Western Division, Oriomo River, Dagwa, 388 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxII Brass 5931, February-March 1934, alt. 40 m., common on damp slopes of open ridges (ascending panicles of pale yellow flowers) ; Wassi Kussa River, Tarara, Brass 8385, December 1936, savannah forest, common in poorly drained gray soils (flowers yellow). Apparently these are the first collections of this genus outside of Australia. The first collection cited was identified by Mr. C. T. White with the comment that it was a good match for the Australian plant. Calogyne R. Brown Calogyne pilosa R. Br. Prodr. 579. 1810; F. M. Bail. Queens]. Fl. 3: 905. 1900; Merr. Govt. Lab. Publ. 35: 68. 1905, Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 3: 589. 1923; Krause, Pflanzenr. 54(1V.277): 95. 1912. British NEw GuINEA: Western Division, Oriomo River, Dagwa, Brass 5995, February-March 1934, alt. 40 m., common amongst grass on a savannah forest ridge (flowers brownish purple). The species has been found previously in China, the Philippines, and Australia. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, Harvarp UNIVERSITY. 1941] SMITH & BAILEY, BRASSIANTHA 389 BRASSIANTHA, A NEW GENUS OF HIPPOCRATEACEAE FROM NEW GUINEA* A. C. SmitH Anp I. W. BaILey With one plate A SPECIES occurring in the New Guinea collections of both Brass and Clemens was first called to the attention of the authors by Drs. E. D. Merrill and L. M. Perry, who, in their studies of the Celastraceae of these collections, came to the conclusion that the plant more probably belonged in the Hippocrateaceae than in the Celastraceae. Further study verified the conclusion that the species is a member of the Hippocrateaceae, although in many respects it is unique and far from typical of the family as previously understood. We propose to designate this plant as the type-species of a new genus, Brassiantha, so named in honor of Mr. L. J. Brass, whose extensive collections in New Guinea as a member of the Richard Archbold Expeditions have greatly enriched our botanical knowledge of the region. All material cited in this paper is deposited in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum. The first author has drawn up the formal description and has compared the plant with other genera of the Hippocrateaceae, while the second author has contributed the comments on the anatomical relationships of the new genus. BRASSIANTHA A. C. SMITH, GEN. Nov. Arbores parvae, ramis ramulisque gracilibus alternatis, foliis alter- natis petiolatis, laminis chartaceis vel papyraceis; inflorescentiis ex axillis foliorum interdum delapsorum orientibus paniculatis vel pseudocymosis, ramulis paucis alternatis vel suboppositis bracteis parvis subtentis; flori- bus parvis in cymulas aggregatis vel apicem inflorescentiarum versus solitariis bracteolis inconspicuis pluribus suffultis; pedicellis gracilibus basim versus inconspicue articulatis; calyce cupuliformi, sepalis 5 anguste imbricatis; petalis 5 sub anthesi erecto-patentibus; disco carnoso annulari-pulvinato discontinuo (segmentis 5 oblongis distinctis sed contiguis composito); staminibus 5 erectis intra discum dispositis et segmentis disci alternatis, filamentis obscure ligulatis apice antheris *Botanical Results of the Richard Archbold Expeditions. 390 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII articulatis, antheris extrorsis, connectivo conspicuo glanduloso, loculis 2 obliquis subapicalibus rimis distinctis (saepe contiguis vel subconfluenti- bus) dehiscentibus; ovario truncato-conico apice leviter depresso et stigmatibus inconspicuis radiatim signato, stylo nullo, loculis 5 stamini- bus alternatis, ovulis in quoque loculo 2-5 superpositis vel biseriatis (superioribus interdum singulis); inflorescentiis fructiferis valde in- crassatis, fructibus paucis capsularibus subglobosis suturis loculicide dehiscentibus, pericarpio coriaceo, dissepimentis subcoriaceis; semini- bus 2—4(—5) (raro abortu 1) ellipsoideo-oblongis suberectis superpositis vel irregulariter imbricatis in pulpo sparso ut videtur nidulantibus, testa membranacea, cotyledonibus crassis ut videtur confluentibus. Brassiantha pentamera A. C. Smith, sp. nov. Arbor gracilis ad 10 m. alta ubique praeter flores interdum minutissime puberulos glabra, ramulis subteretibus fusco-cinereis; petiolis gracilibus leviter canaliculatis 3-10 mm. longis basi saepe paullo incrassatis; laminis siccitate fuscis vel olivaceis oblongo-ellipticis, (4—)5-12 cm. longis, (1.3—)2-4(—5) cm. latis, basi acutis et in petiolum decurrenti- bus, apice obtuse cuspidatis vel breviter acuminatis (acumine ad 6 mm. longo), margine integris, subtus saepe pallidioribus, costa supra leviter elevata subtus subprominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 5-9 brevibus patentibus marginem versus arcuatis et inconspicue anasto- mosantibus supra subplanis vel minute prominulis subtus manifeste prominulis, rete venularum immerso vel subtus leviter prominulo; inflorescentiis 5-18 mm. longis 4—15-floris, pedunculo gracili ad 8 mm. longo vel nullo (ramulis in axillis foliorum paucis), ramulis brevibus, bracteis connatis vel singulis papyraceis oblongo-deltoideis 0.8—1.4 mm. longis acutis margine integris vel undulatis; bracteolis basi pedicellorum plerumque 4-6 inconspicuis laxe imbricatis ut bracteis similibus sed 0.4-1 mm. longis; pedicellis sub anthesi 2.5-11 mm. longis apicem versus inconspicue incrassatis; floribus sub anthesi 2.5—3.5 mm. dia- metro; calyce obscure et parce albo-peltato-squamuloso, sepalis tenuiter carnosis late deltoideo-ovatis, circiter 0.7 mm. longis, 0.8-1.3 mm. latis, obtusis, margine subintegris et obscure scariosis; petalis submem- branaceis oblongis, 1.7—2.5 mm. longis, 1-1.3 mm. latis, subacutis integris glabris vel utrinque obscure puberulis; disco sub anthesi circiter 1.5 mm. diametro et 0.4 mm. alto basim versus tenuiore; filamentis circiter 0.5 mm. longis, connectivo transverse ellipsoideo circiter 0.3 mm. longo et 0.6 mm. lato, loculis 0.4-0.5 mm. longis; ovario carnoso sub anthesi 0.50.9 mm. longo et lato; fructus pedicellis ad 12 mm. longis et apicem versus 3-4 mm. diametro; fructibus ad 3 cm. diametro leviter 5-sulcatis, 1941] SMITH & BAILEY, BRASSIANTHA 391 pericarpio 2-4 mm. crasso utrinque levi, seminibus leviter falcatis cir- citer 12 mm. longis, 7 mm. latis, et 5 mm. crassis, uno latere rapha suberosa inconspicua carinatis. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: Hollandia and vicinity, alt. 20-50 m., Brass 8889 (tree 2 m. high, in rain-forest undergrowth; flowers red), Brass 8954, 8956 (TYPE), July 7, 1938 (bushy trees to 10 m. high, plenti- ful in secondary rain-forest on steep slopes; flowers red; fruits and seeds red). NORTHEASTERN NEw GUINEA: Morobe District, Ogeram- nang, alt. about 1800 m., Clemens 5082 (small tree, on forested hill above water-supply, the trunk about 7 cm. diam.; buds green, the flowers purplish red), Clemens 5413. Of the cited material, the Brass specimens bear excellent flowers, 8954 and 8956 being accompanied by abundant mature fruits; both Clemens specimens have buds or very young opened flowers, 5413 having also a few fruits. In all respects the five specimens appear essentially identical. The fact that the plant is found near sea-level and again at 1800 meters may indicate that it is actually not uncommon; it seems likely that other collectors have obtained it, and one may expect to find additional specimens among those not yet referred to families. Although Brassiantha pentamera bears little superficial resemblance to the members of the Hippocrateaceae, one observes, upon analysis of each character, that there is no reason to exclude it. Following is a discussion of these characters and remarks on the relationship of the new genus. Transverse sections of the branchlets of Brassiantha are characterized by having zones or bands of septate fibers in the secondary xylem. Such a tendency for the replacement of banded apotracheal parenchyma by banded septate fibers occurs in Maytenus of the Celastraceae and in Salacia (and other related genera having drupaceous fruits) in the Hippocrateaceae. That Brassiantha belongs in one of these families is indicated by its unilacunar nodes and by an abundance of elastic material, viz. caoutchouc, in the leaves. Furthermore, the general his- tological and anatomical features of the pith, xylem, cortex, and leaf are indicative of such a relationship. It should be emphasized in this connection, however, that there are conspicuous trends of structural specialization in the Hippocrateaceae which are closely correlated with transitional stages of the acquisition of a climbing habit of growth. Both the inner and the outer secondary xylem of non-scandent representatives of Salacia are of ‘‘normal”’ structure, whereas in subscandent or scandent species the first-formed 392 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII secondary xylem is of this type but the later-formed wood exhibits a more or less abrupt transition to a large-vesselled ‘anomalous’ type of structure. Therefore, in studying the relationships of Brasstantha it is essential to focus one’s attention upon comparisons with non- scandent species or with the more normal first-formed secondary xylem of scandent ones. The wood of available species of Salacia differs from that of the celastraceous genus Maytenus in having narrower rays which frequently are dominantly uniseriate and with an evident tendency to form some paratracheal parenchyma. The xylem of the young stems of Brassiantha has high-celled mostly uniseriate rays and little or no paratracheal parenchyma. Thus, in this respect, the genus appears at first sight to be somewhat intermediate in structure between Salacia and the celastra- ceous genus. Unfortunately, there is no later-formed xylem available for determining whether multiseriate rays are formed during the later stages of the ontogeny of the stems. Such retardations in the formation of multiseriate rays occur not infrequently in the young stems of celas- traceous genera. Furthermore, many additional species of Salacia and Maytenus must be studied in order to determine the range of structural variability within these genera. Therefore, it is not possible at present to refer Brassiantha to the Hippocrateaceae rather than to the Celastra- ceae solely upon the basis of diagnostic features of the secondary xylem. Alternate leaves are unusual in the Hippocrateaceae, but they occur in several species of Salacia, Tontelea, Peritassa, and perhaps else- where; subopposite, rather than strictly opposite, leaves are common. The characters of Brassiantha pertaining to the inflorescence, bracts, bracteoles, pedicellary articulation, sepals, and petals are not unusual for the Hippocrateaceae. The disk in the Hippocrateaceae is annular and continuous in all genera except Chetloclinium, where it is disjunct into small pockets each subtending a stamen (see A. C. Smith, Brittonia 3: 525-550. fig. 12. 1940). In Brassiantha the disk is composed of five pulvinate glands which are contiguous at the ends to form a pseudocontinuous annular disk. Actually, this is not a continuous disk in the sense of other Hippocrateaceae, but it does not seem any more remarkable in its way than the disk of Cheiloclinium. As there is no doubt that the latter genus belongs in the family, one cannot exclude Brassiantha on the basis of its disk, which is, however, quite unique and certainly a char- acter of generic value. Throughout the Hippocrateaceae, stamens are three (sporadically two or four), except for two species of Cheiloclinium in which they are con- 1941] SMITH & BAILEY, BRASSIANTHA 393 sistently five. The presence of five stamens, therefore, cannot be used to exclude our plant. The stamens of Brassiantha are situated within the disk, which is normal for the family (but not for the Celastraceae), and they are opposite the breaks in the disk. This is quite the reverse of their position in Cheiloclinium, where they are opposite the centers of the portions of disjunct disk. The presence of swollen connectives has been occasionally noted in Cheiloclinium and Peritassa, but Brassiantha has them much more conspicuous; this, however, is hardly an excluding character. The locules and their dehiscence are normal for the family. The pollen of Brassiantha clearly falls within the range of structural variability of the Hippocrateaceae. In this connection, however, it is of interest to note that the pollen of the Celastraceae exhibits a similar range of variability in size, form, and structure as that of the Hippo- crateaceae. As to the ovary, the lack of a style is remarkable, occurring elsewhere in the Hippocrateaceae only in Cheiloclinium. In the latter genus the stigmas are sessile and radiating on the summit of the ovary but always obvious; in Brassiantha the stigmas are obscure, apparently reduced to minute radiating lines in the hollow of the ovary-summit. This apical hollow is not elsewhere found in the family. The arrangement of septae opposite the stamens is normal (in the species of Cheiloclinium with five stamens there are also five locules). Superposed ovules are common in the family, and their inner basal position is characteristic. The fruit of Brassiantha is unique for the Hippocrateaceae. In other genera the fruit is either capsular and extended into three large wings or indehiscent and drupaceous. In Brassiantha, the fruit is capsular and dehiscent but not developed into wings, i.e. the vertical axis is not atrophied as it is in Hippocratea and allied genera. The loculicidal dehiscence of the fruit of Brassiantha is paralleled in the other dehiscent- fruited genera, in which each capsule dehisces down the middle. In a family with such great variation in its fruits, there is nothing funda- mental about the fruit of Brassiantha which will serve to exclude the genus. The seed appears essentially similar to that of the drupaceous- fruited genera, with large cotyledons; in this case the cotyledons seem to be fused. To summarize, the genus Brassiantha appears to have no characters which can be used to exclude it from the Hippocrateaceae. On the other hand, it is so distinct from known genera, in the characters of its disk, stamens, ovary, and fruit, as to make comparison superfluous. It appears to be rigidly excluded from the Celastraceae, as that family is at present constituted, by the position of the stamens within the disk. 394 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [ VOL. XXII This, indeed, may be the only fixed character by which the families Hippocrateaceae and Celastraceae may be separated. If so, one must consider the families quite artificial, especially since they exhibit parallel series of variations in characters pertaining to wood-anatomy and pollen-structure. EXPLANATION OF PLATE Fic. a. Flowering branchlet, * ™%; b. Inflorescence, X 2; c. Flower, x 5; d. Sepal, X 10; e. Petal, X 10; f. Flower with sepals and three petals removed, X 15; g. Stamen, exterior view, X 30; h. Stamen, lateral view, X 30; 7. Longitudinal section oe flower, X ; y. Fruit, x 1; k. Fruit with two carpels removed, ARNOLD ARBORETUM AND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES, HarvARD UNIVERSITY. PLatTE | XXII ArNoLD ARB. VOL. if lea im Jour. / Sm UU fins UT SMITH BRASSIANTHA PENTAMERA A. C. 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VII 395 STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VII THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CLEYERA CLARENCE E. KoBuskI THE genus Cleyera, well known and generally accepted as a distinct genus of the Theaceae by students of the Asiatic flora, has been included under the genus Eurya by workers on the flora of tropical America. This is probably due to the fact that Szyszylowicz, in the first edition of Engler and Prantl’s Natiirliche Pflanzanfamilien, treated Cleyera as a section of Eurya. Included here also as a section was the American genus, Freziera. Urban in 1896 protested vigorously at this treatment (and rightly so), feeling that all three should be retained as distinct genera. However, Melchior, in the second edition of Engler and Prantl’s work, followed the lead of Szyszylowicz, if perhaps a little less strongly, and raised the questionable sections of Szyszylowicz to subgenera. The genus Eurya is confined to the eastern hemisphere and is char- acterized by dioecious flowers and by having the stamens uniseriate in multiples of five, with glabrous anthers. The pedicels are quite short (usually less than 5 mm.) and decidedly curved. The petals are joined for approximately one-third of their entire length. Cleyera ranges through the tropics and subtropics of both hemispheres and can be distinguished from the genus Eurya by the hermaphroditic flowers and the uniseriate stamens, usually in multiples of five, often in odd numbers, with distinctly setose anthers. The pedicels are seldom less than 10 mm. long (often up to 20-25 mm.), sturdy and conspicuous. The petals are joined only lightly at the base. Cleyera was first described by Thunberg in his Nov. Gen. 3: 69. 1783 and was named in honor of the physician and botanist Andrew Cleyer, Dutch Director of Commerce during the years 1683-1688. Thunberg described a single species, Cleyera japonica, and based his description on plants growing near Nagasaki, Japan. Unfortunately, this description was based upon two shrubs, as an examination of the type indicates. Nearly filling the sheet is an ample specimen of Cleyera japonica, while in the upper right corner is a fragment or near fragment of Ternstroemia gymnanthera (W. & A.) Sprague. Later, realizing the discrepancy mentioned above, Thunberg 396 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII came to the conclusion that Cleyera was congeneric with Ternstroemia and transferred his Cleyera japonica to Ternstroemia under the name T. japonica. In 1841, Siebold & Zuccarini took up the original name Cleyera. They drew attention to the fact that Thunberg undoubtedly did have the two distinct elements at hand when he first described Cleyera. At the same time, however, they emended his description and pointed out that careful shacks showed that, regardless of what material Thunberg had, his actual generic description was based on the specimen of Cleyera and could refer only to Cleyera. True enough, in the specific description, the leaf arrangement refers to T. japonica (T. gymnanthera Sprague). How- ever, this does not affect the status of the genus. They cleared up the whole matter and treated in detail both original elements under their respective genera and gave the specific epithet “japonica” to both. Re- cently Sprague, realizing that 7. japonica could not be retained, made the combination T. gymnanthera (W. & A.) Sprague. With Siebold and Zuccarini’s work, confusion should have ended, because their treatment of the whole subject seems very clear and quite final. Sprague’s treatment of the generic status of Cleyera in Jour. Bot. 61:17. 1923 did much to clear up the whole situation and probably directly or indirectly caused the name Cleyera to be placed on the list of “nomina conservanda”’ by the International Congress of 1935. The generic name Sakakia is clearly a true synonym of Cleyera. This name was proposed by Nakai, who hoped to clear up the involved synonymy. Evidently unaware of or ignoring the action taken by the International Congress in the case of Cleyera, the Japanese botanists have all rallied to Nakai and wholeheartedly accepted the name Sakakia. Incidentally, this name would have been most fitting since Cleyera japonica, the type of the genus, is generally known throughout the Japanese Empire as “Sakaki.” From ancient times the species has been known and revered. It grows wild in the mountainous districts and can be found planted around the homes and about Shinto shrines. It is sometimes called ‘“Mijam Sakaki” meaning ‘“God-of-the-high- mountains.” ‘“Tamakushige” a kind of wand, dedicated to the gods, has been made from this plant, explaining the name ‘“Tree-of-God.” According to Siebold and Zuccarini, the Buddhists revere the tree be- cause their priests maintain it is a species close to the ‘“‘Sara tree” under which the founder of their cult died. Besides the type species itself, there are several varieties growing throughout Formosa, China, Tibet and India. Some of these have been 1941) KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VII 397 given specific status at times but are usually considered varieties. The species itself and all its varieties, with the exception of Cleyera japonica var. lipingensis (Hand.-Mazz.) Kobuski are entire-leaved. In the western hemisphere, all species except C. albo-punctata, C. Ekmani and C. integrifolia have crenulate or serrulate leaves. Treatment of the Asiatic species was made by the writer in Jour. Arnold Arb. 18: 118-129. 1937. The present paper is concerned only with the species of the western hemisphere. The specimens used in this study and cited in this current paper are from the herbaria of the Arnold Arboretum (AA); Gray Herbarium (G); Field Museum of Natural History (FM); Missouri Botanical Garden (MO); New York Botani- cal Garden (NY); and the United States National Museum (US). Cleyera Thunberg, Nov. Gen. 3: 69. 1783. — Siebold & Zuccarini, FI. Jap. 153, t. 81. 1841.— Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve, 1854, 14 (Mém. Ternstroem. 21). 1855.— Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. 1: 183. 1862. — Urban in Berichte Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 14: 49. 1893; in Bot. Jahrb. 21: 537. 1893.— Sprague in Jour. Bot. 61:17, 83. 1923.— Internat. Rules Bot. Nomencl. ed. 3, 135. 1935.—Kobuski in Jour. Arnold Arb. 18: 118-129. 1937. Tristylium Turezaninow in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, 31, 1: 247. 1 Eurya § Cleyera Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, ‘Nat. ineioaran III, Abt. 6: 189, 1893. al subgen. Cleyera Melchior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. eo, Ble T47,. Loco: Sakakia Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 17: 77, t. 19. 1928. Trees or shrubs. Leaves evergreen or deciduous, entire or serrulate. Flowers hermaphroditic, solitary or in fascicles in the leaf-axils. Pedicels usually 1 cm. or more in length, thickened at the apex, bibracteolate, the bracteoles minute, subopposite or alternate near apex of pedicel. Sepals 5, imbricate, unequal, the outer sepals smaller, ciliolate. Petals 5, imbricate, connate at the very base. Stamens about 25; anthers setose, biloculate with longitudinal openings. Ovary usually glabrous, 2—3- celled, with many ovules; style elongate, 3- or 4-fid at the apex. Fruit indehiscent, baccate, spherical or ovoid, many-seeded; seeds with thin endosperm and curved embryo. Type species: Cleyera japonica Thunberg, emend. Siebold & Zuccarini. 398 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII KEY TO THE SPECIES A. Leaves entire. B. Pedicels up to 25 mm. long with persistent bracteoles 4-5 mm. long; sepals up to 8-9 mm. wide; stamens with filaments 5-9 mm. long, the anthers 2.5 mm. long. (Cuba, Porto Rico)..... MiStLAw ees es eee Koes eeaaees 448 eeaee 1. C. albo-punctata. BB. Pedicels 10-14 mm. long (rarely up to 20 mm. long in C, integri- folia) with bracteoles, when present, not over 2 mm, long ; sepals 4 mm. wide or less; stamens with filaments not over 3.8 mm. long, the anthers not over 1.2 mm. long. C. Flowers large; petals 7-9 mm. long, 6.0-6.5 mm. wide; sepals always glabrous; leaves rounded or emarginate at Spee. (CUO iis ak bo ev cevaxdvnwadet box 2. C. Ekmani. CAS. bisdics medium-sized ; petals not over 5 mm. long; sepals usually pubescent, at least at first; leaves acuminate at apex. B.C Tk ee ree ees 3. C. integrifolia. AA. Leaves crenate or serrulate. D. Leaves membranaceous. E. Leaves oblique, elliptic, rounded at base, the lateral veins numerous and evident on both surfaces. (Dominican Re- UNG Bo. 5-546 644 anedeeee bakceessa 4. C. Bolleana. EE. Leaves symmetrical, obovate, cuneate at base, the ia veins 8-10, inconspicuous on both surfaces. (Chiapa Mesien’. Sev LEE eee ReAA wet ee Leen eee a Matudos DD. Leaves coriaceous. F. Leaves over 5 cm. long, obtuse or acuminate at apex, G. Leaves, branchlets, pedicels and calyx definitely escent. H. Inflorescence 9-10-flowered; calyx-lobes acute, connivent. (Mexico). ............ 6. C. cernua. HH. Inflorescence 1-2-flowered: calyx-lobes obtuse, not connivent. revolute, oblanceolate, 1.5-2.5 em. wide, obtuse or rounded at apex; styles 3-4- parted. (Guatemala). ....... 7. C. revoluta. II. Leaves not revolute, obovate, 3-5 cm. wide, obtusely acuminate at apex; styles always 3- parted. (Guatemalan-Mexican border), .... Cu AGS OM ee WEA Greene a4 eee ees 8. C. tacanensis. — Ss Ore) rat) < o Ww GG, Young parts and branchlets glabrous or occasionally lightly pubescent, quickly glabrescent. J. Ovary hirsute near apex; style small, 1.25-1.50 mm. long ; calyx and pedicel densely hirsute. (MICO. fo cak evaccheketae ne’ 9. C. serrulata. 1941) KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VII 399 — JJ. Ovary glabrous; styles ca. 3 mm. (2-3 mm. in C. theaeoides), calyx and pedicel glabrous or glab- rescent. Pedicels short (5-7 mm. ee petals white. (Guatemala, Mexico). ...... 0. C. Skutchii. KK. Pedicels 10-14 mm. long ; ae yellow, green- ish yellow or greenish white L. Leaves 3-5 cm. long, sharply serrate. (Costa Rica), 2 os.034 11. C. costaricensis. LL. Leaves 4-8 cm. long, crenate or crenulate. M. Calyx pubescent; petals ca. 6 mm. long. N. Shrub; petiole 4-7 mm. long; lateral veins irae (Cuba). .. isles wen ees 2. C. nimanimae. NN. Tree; petioles 7-10 mm. long; eral veins ca. 12. (Panama, Costa-Kicay.1a..¢, cams MM. Calyx glabrous; petals c 0 m long. (Jamaica)...14.C. ieee FF. Leaves less than 4 cm. long, rounded or emarginate at apex. Leaves less than 2 cm. long, less than 1 cm. wide, ap- pressed pilose beneath, the petioles 1-2 mm. long; in- ternodes 2-3 mm. long. (Haiti). ..15. C. vaccinioides. Leaves 2.0-3.3 cm. long, 1.5-1.9(2.2) cm. bbls glab- rous beneath, the petioles 3-5 mm. long ; internodes 5-6 mm. long. (Hait Pera elaine 1620; Sab ORI O © . Cleyera pie eae (Grisebach) Krug & Urban in Bot. Jahrb. 217537. 18 Ternstroemia albo-punctata Grisebach, Cat. Pl. Cuba, 36. 1866. Eurya albo-punctata (Grisebach) aaa in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 147, 1 Eroteum albo-punctatum anes Britton in Britton & Wilson, Sci. Survey Porto Rico & Virgin Isl. 5: 582. 1924. DIsTRIBUTION: West Indies (Cuba and Porto Rico). Cusa. Oriente: Sierra Nipe, near Woodfred, edge of pines, alt. ca. 550 m., J. A. Shafer 3050, 3455 (NY), 3148 (NY, G), Dec. 1909 - Jan. 1910 (shrub or small tree 15—20 ft. with cream colored flowers) .— Camp La Gloria, south of Sierra Moa, J. A. Shafer 8115, 8183, 8297 (NY), Dec. 1910- Jan. 1911 (shrub or tree 12-20 ft.; flowers pendent, creamy white; fruit long-pedicelled, red). — Loma del Gato and vicinity of Cobre range of the Sierra Maestra, alt. 850 m., Fre. Leon, Clement & M. Roca 10006 (NY), July 11—Aug. 14, 1921 (tree 10 m. or more tall; flowers yellow). 400 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Porto Rico. Humacao: Sierra de Naguabo, Monte el Duque, mountain forest, J. A. Shafer 2242 (NY), Mar. 8, 1914. — Same locality, Rio Prieto and adjacent hills, thickets at top of peak, alt. 1000 m., J. A. Shafer 3643 (FM, MO, NY), Aug. 1914 (scrubby tree, 10 ft. with white flowers). — Same locality, thickets at summit of El Duque, alt. 750- 1080 m., J. A. Shafer 3659 (NY), Aug. 13, 1914 (straggling tree, 8 ft.).— Rio la Mina, Rio Piedras, C. L. Horn 49 (NY), April 1934 (tree 50 ft., short trunk with large, long, spreading branches; bark smooth brown; flowers greenish white). Mayaguez: in forest near Mari- cao, P. Sintenis 193 (G, MO, NY) Dec. 10, 1884. Luquillo: Sierra de Luquillo, in sylvis montis Yunque, Sintenis 1362 (G), July 14, 1885. This species is easily distinguished by its large flowers (an inch or more across), the petals of which are strikingly pubescent along the medial strip on the dorsal surface. Persistent, subopposite bracteoles, 4—5 mm. long and wide at the apex of the smooth but rugged pedicels are other characters of note. The species is glabrous except for the individual terminal buds. The leaves are thick-coriaceous, obovate to obovate-elliptic, rotund or occasionally emarginate at the apex, 5-11 cm. long and 2.0—-5.5 cm. wide with the midrib deeply impressed on the upper surface. The under surface is much lighter in shade, the margin revolute, entire or very slightly serrate. The flowers are solitary or occasionally in two’s in the axils; the pedicels are sturdy, 1.0-2.5 cm. long, thickening toward the calyx, up to 2.5 mm. diam. at the point of juncture. The persistent bracteoles are larger than the calyx-lobes of the majority of species in the genus, ca. 4—5 mm. long and 4 mm. broad, deltoid or subrotund, apiculate at the apex. The calyx is typical of the genus, 5-6 mm. long and up to 8 mm. wide, especially leathery, obtuse or subrotund at the apex, the margin scarious. The petals are larger than those of most species (up to 12 mm. long and 7-10 mm. wide) with a scarious margin up to 2.5 mm. wide; the dorsal surface has a strip of dense shining pubescence. The stamens, about 35 in number, have long filaments (5-9 mm.) and short anthers (ca. 2.5 mm.) which vary in the amount of pubescence. The ovary is glabrous and the style is three-parted for only a short distance from the apex. The Porto Rican material usually has shorter pedicels and generally smaller flowers than the Cuban specimens. Here might possibly be cited Fuertes 1054 from Santo Domingo. The leaves are smaller, 2.5—5.0 cm. long, acute and mucronulate at the 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VII 401 apex. The flowers, as well, are smaller; the petals only sparingly pubescent. Also, Fr. Leon 12246 from Cuba probably represents only a slight variation and should be cited here. The young branchlets and the under surface of the younger leaves are puberulent. 2. Cleyera Ekmani (O. C. Schmidt), comb. nov. Eurya Ekmani O, C. Schmidt in Rep. Spec. Nov. 22:97. 1925. Freziera Ekmani (O. C. Schmidt) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 354. 1938. DisTRIBUTION: West Indies (Cuba). Cusa: Prov. Oriente, Sierra Maestra, Arroya Jiménez, alt. 600-900 m., E. L. Ekman 14792 (paratype of Eurya Ekmani, NY), Aug. 9, 1922 (tree with white flowers). Cleyera Ekmani is glabrous except for the leaf-buds and very young branchlets; shortly these both become glabrous. The leaves are glabrous, coriaceous, oblong-obovate or oblong-elliptic, 4-6 cm. long and 1.3—2.0 cm. wide, obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the base, entire or slightly denticulate at the apex, light green on the upper surface, brown- ish below (exsicc.). The petiole measures 3-4 mm. in length. The flowers are found singly or in two in the axils, supported by glabrous pedicels 10-14 mm. long. The bracteoles (ca. 1 mm. long and broad) are suborbicular, ciliolate at the margin. The sepals are also suborbicular, unequal, ++ 4 mm. long and wide, and ciliolate at the margin. The petals (fide O. C. Schmidt) are 7-9 mm. long, 6.0—6.5 mm. wide, pubescent up the middle of the dorsal surface. The stamens (fide O. C. Schmidt) ca. 25, the filaments 3.8 mm. long, the anthers elliptic, + 1.2 mm. long, (pilose?). The ovary (fide Schmidt) sub- globose, 3-celled, each cell containing approximately 25 ovules, with a style ca. 2.2 mm. long, three-parted. Cleyera albo-punctata (Grisebach) Krug & Urban is the closest ally but can be easily separated by its much larger flowers (an inch or more across), the larger bracteoles (4-5 mm. long and wide), the sturdy pedi- cels (up to 2.5 cm. long), the larger calyx-lobes (5-6 mm. long and up to 8 mm. wide), the long filaments (up to 9 mm.), and the larger leaves (5-11 cm. X 2.0-5.5 cm.). 3. Cleyera integrifolia (Bentham) Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Genéve 14:110. 1855.—Hemsley, Biol. Centr.-Amer. 1: 93. 1879. — Urban in Bot. Jahrb. 21: 539. 1896. Fresziera integrifolia Bentham, Pl. Hartweg. 6. 1839. Cleyera syphilitica Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Genéve 14: 110. 55. — Urban in Bot. Jahrb, 21: 259. 1896. Ternstroemia syphilitica Pavon ex Choisy, loc. cit. in synon. 402 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XXII Eurya integrifolia (Bentham) Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 105. 1856. — Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. 6: 190, 1893. — Melchior, op. cit. ed. 2, 21: 147. 1925. Tristylium mexicanum Thirteaniiiw in Bull. bs Nat. Moscou, 31, 1: 248. 1858. Cleyera mexicana (Turcz.) Planchon ex Hemsley, Biol. Centr.-Amer. 1: 93. 1879. Eurya syphilitica (Choisy) Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam., III. 6: 189. 1893. — Melchior, op. cit. ed. 2, 21: 147. 1925. — ullock in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform, 1936: 391. 1936. Eurya mexicana (Turez.) Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam. III. 6: 190, 1893. — Standley in Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23, 3: 823. 1923.— Melchior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 147. 1925. Eurya Benthamiana Bullock in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform. 1936: 391. 1936. Fresiera mexicana (Turez.) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 55. 1938. DISTRIBUTION: Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacan, Mexico and Guerrero). Mexico. Jalisco: Bolafios, among pines, T. Hartweg 18 (iso- type of Freziera integrifolia, FM, G, NY), 1837 (shrub 8-10 ft.). Guerrero: Petlacala, north of Mine Santa Elena, streamside, alt. 1880 m., Y. Mexia 9041 (NY), Dec. 27, 1937 (common tree 9 m. high with red fruit).—Same general locality, oak and pine forest, alt. 2750 m., G. B. Hinton 15402 (AA), Dec. 30, 1939 (tree 10 m. high with dull white flowers). Mexico: Temascaltepec, G. B. Hinton 319 (AA), 1099 (FM), 3835 (AA), 3886 (AA, FM), 7192 (AA), 7227 (AA, NY), 7704 (FM, NY), 7990 (AA, FM, US), 1932-1939. Michoacan: vicinity of Morelia, alt. 2100-2400 m., Bro. G. Arséne 5371, 5663, 8461, 8474 (US).— Mountains above Cuernavaca, C. G. Pringle 6957 (AA, FM, G, MO, NY, US), Aug. 9, 1898; Zitacuaro, deforested hillsides, rocky soil, alt. 2380 m., G. B. Hinton 11950 (AA), June 10, 1938 (tree 15 m., flowers yellow-white) ; Barroloso, oak forest, alt. 2300-2600 m., G. B. Hinton 15085 (G), 15098 (G), Aug. 9-10, 1939 (flowers wax white) ; Barroloso, alt. 2300 m. G. B. Hinton 15374 (G), Oct. 22, 1939 (tree 8 m.). Without locality,? Sessé & Mocino s. n. (type of Freziera syphilitica Choisy, Genéve 23952; photo FM). In the past, Cleyera integrifolia has been separated from C. syphilitica by its sericeous calyx, shorter pedicels and smaller leaves. Standley, in 1923, joined these two species under Eurya mexicana. Careful study of considerable material reveals that, although this species varies widely in all these characters, it cannot be separated clearly into two entities. The calyx, in the type, is glabrescent, generally appears pubescent to a more or less degree and is extremely sericeous. However, variation can 1941) KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VII 403 be found grading from nearly glabrous material (Hinton 3835, 7227, 7704) to the extreme pubescence in the type. In all cases, except Hinton 15085, the anthers possess a few hairs. Also the pedicels vary in length. Hinton 15374, from general appearances, should meet the requirements of C. syphilitica nicely. The calyx-lobes appear glabrous, except at the apex, and the peduncles are nearly 20 mm. long. However, the leaves measure only 8.0 3.7 cm. In the type of C. syphilitica the pedicels are ca. 20 mm. long and the leaves ca. 9.5 cm. long. These measurements were taken from a photograph. One can only assume that the calyx is glabrescent. Hinton 15098 has a pubescent calyx, leaves measuring 7 X 4 cm., but peduncles up to 17 mm. long. Hinton 7704 has a nearly glabrous calyx but the peduncles are only 5-9 mm. long and the leaves measure only ca. 8.0 & 2.5cm. Hinton 15402 has a pubescent calyx, peduncles 5-10 mm. long but leaves measuring up to 11 cm. long, exceeding the type of C. syphilitica in the last character. 4. Cleyera Bolleana (O. C. Schmidt) comb. nov. Eurya Bolleana O. C. Schmidt in Rep. Spec. Nov. 33: 177. 1933. Freziera Bolleana (O. C. Schmidt) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 354, 1938. DISTRIBUTION: West Indies (Santo Domingo). The distinguishing characters of this species are the membranaceous, oblique, elliptic leaves, 5.0-8.5 cm. long and 2.4—3.5 cm. wide, rounded at the base, narrow and acute at the apex, the margin minutely serrate- crenate, the midrib impressed above, rather thick and prominent below, the lateral veins numerous and evident on both surfaces. No material of this species has been available for study. However, the original description shows clearly that the species belongs to Cleyera. The only specimen of Cleyera from Santo Domingo examined by me is Fuertes 1054 cited dubiously under C. albo-punctata. I tried to place this specimen with Schmidt’s C. Bolleana but the leaves are so thick and coriaceous that they could never be confused with the ‘‘“membrana- ceous”’ leaves of the present species. 5. Cleyera Matudai, sp. nov. Planta lignosa, arbor videtur, ramulis teretibus brunnescentibus pubescentibus. Folia membranacea, primo pubescentia mox glabre- scentia, obovata, 7-11 cm. longa et 2.5-3.7 cm. lata, apice basique attenuata margine crenata, costa supra complanata, venarum ca. 8-10 paribus undique inconspicuis, petiolo 3-4 mm. longo. Flores axillares 1- vel 2-fasciculati; pedicelli glabri, ca. 8-12 mm. longi, bracteolis 2, 404 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII suboppositis vel alternatis, cito caducis; sepala 5, imbricata, inaequalia, glabra, 2.5—3.0 mm. longa et ca. 2.0—2.5 mm. lata, apice obtusa apiculata margine ciliolata; petala 5, inaequalia, imbricata, ca. 6 mm. longa et 5-6 mm. lata, glabra, apice subrotundata vel emarginata; stamina 30, uniseriata, filamentis 3.5—4.0 mm. longis basi incrassatis et petalis adnatis apice sparse hirsutis; antheris obovatis parvis 0.50-0.75 mm. longis basi attenuatis, loculis inaequalibus apiculatis; ovarium sub- globosum, glabrum, ca. 2 mm. longum, in stylum attenuatum triloculare, multi-ovulatum; stylus parvus, 1.5—2.0 mm. longus, glaber, ad medio tri-partitus. Fructus ignotus. DiIsTRIBUTION: Mexico (Chiapas). Mexico. Chiapas: Mt. Ovando, alt. 1250-2370 m., FE. Matuda 2560 (AA, TYPE; FM, NY), July 1938. — Finca Irlanda, C. A. Purpus 7433 (AA, FM, G, MO, NY, US), June 1914. In general appearance this species exhibits no outstanding obvious characteristics to distinguish it from other species. However, the stamens, 30 in number, with the small obovate anthers (0.50—0.75 mm.) attenuated at the base, and the filaments sparsely hirsute just below the anthers are characters that easily separate the species from all others. Also the short style (1.5-2.0 mm.), free for nearly 1% its length and the membranaceous leaves are other distinguishing features. Unfortunately, in both collections cited above, just the barest field notes are available. One can only surmise that the species is a tree in habit. 6. Cleyera cernua (Tulasne), comb. nov. Freziera cernua Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, 8: 338. 1847. Eurya cernua (Tulasne) Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam. III, 6: 190. 1893. DIsTRIBUTION: Mexico (Oaxaca). Oaxaca: Canetze, alt. 900 m., H. Galeotti 1686 (tTyPE of Freziera cernua, Geneve; isotypes NY, US; photo and fragment, FM); La Lagune, C. Liebmann 337, in part (NY, US); 338 (FM, US), August 1842. This species is characterized by the outstanding rufous, pilose buds, branchlets and undersurface of leaves (especially the midrib). On the older branchlets this pubescence appears black. Other notable char- acters are the many-flowered fascicles and the connivent, acute calyx- lobes. Tulasne, in his original description, refers to the inflorescence as 2—4-flowered. Unfortunately, Galeotti 1686, from which the descrip- 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VII 405 tion was drawn, proves to be a very poor specimen. A photograph of the type in Geneva shows only eight flowers on the whole specimen. On both Liebmann 337 and 338 single fascicles possess up to 9-10 flowers, more flowers than can be found on the entire type specimen. Tulasne records the leaf-measurements as 8-10 cm. long and 3.5—4.5 cm. wide. The more complete Liebmann numbers show leaves up to 15 cm. long and 5 cm. wide. According to Tulasne, the calyx-lobes should be 4—5 mm. long and the pedicels 1.0-1.5 cm. long. On the isotypes (NY, US) the calyx-lobes are seldom over 3 mm. long and the pedicels are always less than 1 cm. long. Although only a millimeter or so in variation in length of calyx-lobes, this variation proves interesting because the three- parted style protrudes beyond the calyx-lobes after the petals have fallen. The calyx-lobes are more acute in this species than those of most other species of the genus and the outer lobes are mucronulate as well as ciliolate. Instead of spreading, as is usually the case, the calyx-lobes are connivent, even after anthesis. In the type, the brac- teoles are subopposite and close to the calyx. In the Liebmann speci- mens the bracteoles are usually 2-3 mm. apart. The pedicels are recurved as are those of most species. The species is most closely related to C. integrifolia (Bentham) Choisy, from which it can be separated by the many-flowered fascicles, the usually shorter pedicels, the densely rufous-pilose young parts, the more acuminate leaves, pilose beneath, with a tendency towards serra- tion, and the acute connivent calyx-lobes. 7. Cleyera revoluta, sp. nov. Arbor parva, ca. 10 m. alta, ramis ramulisque teretibus pubescentibus brunnescentibus. Folia 5-9 cm. longa, et 1.5-2.5 cm. lata, revoluta, coriacea, oblanceolata, pubescentia, apice obtusa vel subrotundata, basi cuneata in petiolum 7-10 mm. longum attenuata, supra viridia, subtus argentea, margine crenata, nervis lateralibus 8—10 undique subobscuris. Flores non visi. Fructus immaturi in axillis solitarii, apice leviter pube- scentes, pedicellis pubescentibus scabris 1.5-1.7 cm. longis, bracteolis 2 suboppositis cito caducis, sepalis 5 inaequalibus imbricatis pubescenti- bus 3.0-3.5 mm. longis et 3.5—4.0 mm. latis subrotundatis, stylis per- sistentibus glabris 3.54.0 mm. longis, 3—4-partitis medio liberis. DIsTRIBUTION: Central America (Guatemala). GUATEMALA: Dept. San Marcos, between La Vega ridge along Rio Vega and northeast slope of Volcan Tacana, to three miles from Guate- mala-Mexico boundary, in vicinity of San Rafael, alt. 2500-3000 m., 406 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [ VOL. XXII J.A. Steyermark 36208 (FM), February 20, 1940 (tree 35 ft. tall; leaves “involute”’, coriaceous, rich dark green above, silvery beneath). Although the material from which this species is described lacks both flowers and mature fruit, the fact that it represents a distinctive new species is unquestionable. Distinguishing characters are the revolute oblanceolate leaves, pubescent in the mature state rather than glabres- cent, and the sturdy pubescent pedicels and calyx. The sparsely pubes- cent immature fruit suggests a pubescent ovary. In this character it resembles the Asiatic Eurya trichocarpa Korthals which possesses a densely hirsute ovary that on maturing becomes quickly glabrescent belying the specific name. Since only two fair-sized fruits are present, one with a 3-parted style and the second with a 4-parted style, it seems inadvisable to sacrifice either of them for sectioning. In both cases the style is free for nearly one-half its total length. 8. Cleyera tacanensis, sp. nov. Arbor 9-metralis, ramulis brunneis hornotinis pilosis. Folia obovata, subcoriacea, pubescentia, 5-10 cm. longa et 3—5 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel abrupte acuminata, basi cuneata, supra opaca, pulchre viridia, subtus pallidiora, margine acute serrata, costa supra canaliculata, venis utrin- secus 9-10 supra impressis, subtus manifeste prominentibus, petiolo 2—4 mm. longo. Flores pauci in axillis solitarii; pedicelli scabri, pubescentes, (S—) 7-12 mm. longi, crassi, apice 2 mm. diam., bracteolis cito caducis; sepala 5, pubescentia, inaequalia, imbricata, obtusa, 2.5—-3.0 mm. longa et 3-4 mm. lata, ciliolata; petala 5, alba, inaequalia, imbricata, obovata, apice retusa, glabra (medio dorso excepta), 6-8 mm. longa et 7 mm. lata; stamina ca. 25, filamentis inaequalibus 3-5 mm. longis, antheris ovatis glabris 1.25-1.50 mm. longis apiculatis (etiam bi-apiculatus) ; ovarium subglobosum, glabrum 3 mm. longum et latum, rubidum, tri- loculare, multo-ovulatum; stylus crassus, 3 mm. longus et 1 mm. diam., ad medium tri-partitus. Fructus ignotus. DIsTRIBUTION: Central America (Guatemala) and Mexico (Chiapas). GUATEMALA: Dept. San Marcos, along Quebrada Canjula, between Sibinal and Canjula, Volcan Tacana, lower slopes, alt. 2200-2500 m., J. A. Steyermark 36052 (type, FM), Feb. 18, 1940 (tree 30 feet with subcoriaceous leaves and white flowers). — Dept. San Marcos, Rio Vega, near San Rafael and Guatemala — Mexico boundary, Volcan Tacana, alt. 2500-3000 m., J. A. Steyermark 36280 (FM), Feb. 20, 1940 (tree 25 ft. tall with rigid coriaceous leaves).— Dept. San Marcos, along Quebrada, Canjula, between Sibinal and Canjula, Volcan Tacana, alt. 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VII 407 2200-2500 m., J. A. Steyermark 36026 (FM), Feb. 18, 1940 (leaves subcoriaceous, rich green above, paler beneath). Mexico. Chiapas: Chiquihu ite, Volcan Tacana, alt. 2800 m., E. Matuda 2845 (AA, NY), Mar. 27, 1939.— Pasitar, E. Matuda 394 (AA, MO, US), Dec. 1936. This unusual species is characterized by large, obovate, sharply serrate leaves of a distinctive subcoriaceous texture. The pedicels are sturdy (2 mm. diam, below calyx), scabrous pubescent. The calyx-lobes are quite densely pubescent, wider than long. The petals are white, un- equal, large, wider than long (6-8 mm. long and 7-9 mm, wide) with a dense pubescence, similar to that of the calyx, found along the medial strip of the dorsal surface. The stamens have rather long filaments (3-5 mm.). The anthers are glabrous (unique for the genus) and the projection in some instances appears forked. The style is sturdy, ca. 3 mm. long, three-parted for one-third its length with an obvious tend- ency toward further separation. There is considerable variation found in the other specimens cited above. Matuda 394 is placed here dubiously. The leaves are less sharply serrate, in most cases appearing subentire. The flowers are many — but unfortunately only in bud. Upon dissection, the anthers are sparsely hirsute whereas in the type the anthers are glabrous. The species seems to be quite localized in the vicinity of Volcan Tacana on the Chiapas-Guatemala border. 9. Cleyera serrulata Choisy in Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 14, 1: 110. 1855. Ternstroemia serrulata Herb. Pavon, ex Choisy 1. c. DIsTRIBUTION: Mexico (Hidalgo). Mexico: Hidalgo, vicinity of Chiconquiaco, G. Schiede 325 (MO).— exact locality unknown, “Sessé, Mocino, Castillo & Maldonado 2331” (FM, probable isotype). Choisy (1. c.) in making the combination states: “5 Cl. serrulata. Nob. — Ternstroemia serrulata. Herb. Pavon! — Plante du Mexique égale- ment fort analogue au Cl. integrifolia et offrant, comme celleci, des sépales velus; elle en differe principalement par ses feuilles dentées en scie dans la partie supérieure.” No actual type was cited — nothing but a reference to a specimen in Herb. Pavon. However, Pavon was not known to have collected in Central America or Mexico where most species of Cleyera abound. No species of Cleyera has been found in Peru where Pavon did most of his collecting. 408 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Standley (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23, 1: 17. 1920) remarked that probably many Sessé and Mocifio specimens were distributed from the Madrid herbarium by Pavon and through some error, Pavon’s name was affixed to the labels. In the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History is a specimen from the herbarium of the botanical garden of Madrid (Norti Botanici Matritensis) collected by “Sessé, Mocino, Castillo et Maldonado . . . (1787-1795-1804).” ‘This speci- men has two labels (1) Ternstroemia serrulata and (2) Ternstroemia parviflora N. Arbor 13 ped. Probably Choisy had a duplicate of this specimen before him and cited it as T. serrulata Herb, Pavon. As Choisy stated in his brief description, the pubescent calyx and serrulate leaves separate the species from C. integrifolia. Here also might be cited C. A. Purpus 6177 (MO) collected between Misantla and Naolinco, Vera Cruz, Aug. 1912. The serration of the leaves of this specimen is more outstanding than that found on the two specimens cited above. One may assume from the specimens cited that the range of this species lies in southeastern Mexico. Since no complete description of this species has ever been recorded, the following description has been drawn from the type: Small tree about 4 m. tall with brown glabrescent branchlets. Leaves coriaceous, obovate, glabrescent, 5-8 cm. long, 2~3 cm. wide, obtusely acuminate at the apex, dark green above, paler beneath, cuneate at the base, the margin serrulate, the lateral veins (8-10 pairs) impressed on the upper surface, conspicuous below, the petiole 4-5 mm. long. Flow- ers few, solitary in the axils, the pedicel appressed pilose, ca. 1 cm. long, the bracteoles quickly caducous; sepals 5, unequal, imbricate, densely hirsute, 3.0-3.5 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, rounded at the apex, the outer sepals apiculate; petals 5, unequal, imbricate, obovate, glabrous or sparingly pubescent on medial portion of dorsal surface, ca. 6 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, rotundate or emarginate at apex; ovary globose, ca. 2.5 mm. long, hirsute at the apex with pubescence extending spar- ingly onto style; style short, 1.25—1.50 mm. long, 3-parted, free for one-third distance. Fruit unknown. 10. Cleyera Skutchii, sp. nov. Arbor ad 20-metralis (fide collectoris), ramulis brunneis hornotinis ad apicem subadpresse pilosulis, mox glabrescentibus. Folia oblongo- elliptica vel obovata, coriacea, glabra juventate excepta, 3.5—-8.0 cm. longa et 1.0—-2.7 cm. lata, apice acuminata, basi cuneata in petiolum 3-4 mm. longum attenuata, margine serrata, nervis lateralibus 10-12 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VII 409 undique prominentibus. Flores in axillis solitarii; pedicelli glabri, recurvi 5-7 mm. longi, bracteolis 2 suboppositis ovatis + 1.5 mm. longis cito caducis; sepala 5, inaequalia, imbricata, concava, perga- menacea, rotundata, exteriora pubescentia, 2.5-3.0 mm. longa et ca. 2 mm. lata margine ciliolata; petala 5, alba, glabra, inaequalia, imbri- cata, emarginata, ca. 6.0-6.5 mm. longa et 5—6 mm. lata; stamina uniseriata, ca. 25, filamentis 3-4 mm. longis basi manifeste crassis et petalis adnatis, antheris sparse hirsutis vel subglabris oblongis + 1 mm. longis apiculatis (0.25-0.50 mm. longis); ovarium subglobosum in stylum attenuatum, glabrum, ca. 2 mm. longum, tri-loculare, multi- ovulatum; styli 3, ad medium vel plerumque ad basin liberi. Fructus ignotus. DIsTRIBUTION: Central America (Guatemala) and Mexico (Chiapas). GUATEMALA. Dept. Chimaltenango: Chichavac, alt. 2400-2700 m., A. F. Skutch 545 (typrE AA; isotypes FM, NY, US), Aug. 18, 1933 (common tree, 60 ft. high with white flowers). — Chicha- vac, dry oak woods, alt. 2400-2700 m., A. F. Skutch 271 (US), Feb. 21, 1933.— Chichavac Tecpan, J. G. Salas 1395 (FM), Dec. 1929 (tree 6-8 m.). Dept. Chiquimula: _ upper slopes of Montana Tajuran, in vicinity of El Barriol, alt. 1200-1700 m., J. A. Steyermark 30814 (AA, FM), Oct. 28, 1939 (tree 50 ft. with leaves dark dull green above). Dept. Zacapa: forested slopes near summit of Sierra de las Minas, near Finca Alejandria, alt. 2000 m., J. A. Steyermark 29805 (AA, FM), Oct. 12, 1939 (shrub with sweet-scented, white flow- ers, the stamens yellow, the style green; leaves slightly thick, dark green above, paler beneath). Dept. Jalapa: Cerro Alcoba, just east of Jalapa, oak woods near summit, alt. 1300-1700 m., J. A. Steyer- mark 32559 (FM), Dec. 2, 1939 (tree 20 ft. with firm subcoriaceous leaves, dark green above, pale silvery gray beneath). — Between Mira- mundo and summit of Montana Miramundo, between Jalapa and Mata- quescuintla, six miles south of Miramundo, alt. 2000-2500 m., J. A. Steyermark 32778 (FM, NY), Dec. 5, 1939 (tree 20 ft. with leaves dark green above, silvery beneath, “barratillo”). Dept. Guatemala: Volcan de Pacaya, above Las Calderas, in moist open forest, alt. 1800— 2400 m., P. C. Standley 58402 (FM), 58471 (AA, FM), Nov. 30, 1938 (large tree with greenish white flowers). Dept. Sacatepe- quez: Santiago, alt. 2000 m., R. Gémez 790 (G, MO, NY, US). Dept. Solola: Solola, alt. 2250 m., A. F. Skutch 1057 (AA) Aug. 27, 1934. Mexico: Chiapas, Mt. Pasitar, E. Matuda S-211 (AA, MO, NY, US), Aug. 3, 1937. 410 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXII This species is characterized by short pedicels (5-7 mm.), the white emarginate petals, the rather long filaments (3.5—4.0 mm.), swollen at the base, the anthers only slightly hirsute and distinctly apiculate (0.25—0.50 mm.) and the styles free to the base or nearly so. These characters serve to distinguish the species from C. costaricensts, its nearest relative. The pedicels are unusually short for the genus. In the type, the bracteoles are situated at the apex of the pedicels, close to the calyx- lobes, and are subopposite. In Steyermark 29805 and Standley 58471, the bracteoles are alternate, with the lower bracteole situated nearly half-way down the pedicel. It is unusual to find white flowers in the genus; in most other species they are yellow, greenish yellow or even bronze. Skutch 271, according to the collector, is a fruiting specimen of the type, or at least, of the same species. The leaves are much larger, up to 12 cm. long and 5 cm. wide and a mature fruit (crushed in pressing ) measures about 1 cm. across. Also dubiously cited here might be E. A. Goldman 961 (US) from Teopisca, Chiapas. On this specimen the lateral veins number as many as fifteen pairs and in most cases appear nearly at right angles to the midrib, although in some leaves the lateral veins are at nearly forty-five degree angles. 11. Cleyera costaricensis, sp. nov. Frutex 2—5 m. altus, ramulis griseis hornotinis ad apicem breviter et subadpresse pilosulis, mox glabrescentibus. Folia oblongo-elliptica, coriacea, glabra juventate excepta, 3-5 cm. longa et 1—2 cm. lata (etiam pauca 6-8 cm, longa et + 3 cm. lata), apice obtusa vel abrupte acumi- nata, basi in petiolum 2-3 mm. longum attenuata, margine serrata, nervis utrinsecus 10-11 subtus manifeste prominentibus. Flores in axillis solitarii vel plures; pedicelli glabri, recurvi, 10-14 mm. longi (Stork 2592 ad 20 mm.), bracteolis 2 suboppositis vel ad 4 mm. distanti- bus linearibus 2—3 mm. longis cito caducis; sepala 5, glabra, concava, pergamenacea, acuta + 3 mm. longa et 2.0-2.5 mm. lata; petala 5, inaequalia, imbricata, cuneiformia, 6-7 mm. longa et 6-8 mm. lata, apice truncata vel retusa; stamina uniseriata, ca. 25, filamentis 2.0—2.5 mm. longis glabris basi manifeste crassis et petalis adnatis, antheris hirsutis obovatis + 1 mm. longis breviter apiculatis; ovarium sub- globosum in stylum attenuatum, glabrum, ca. 2 mm. longum, triloculare, multi-ovulatum; stylus ca. 2 mm. longus, ad medium tripartitus. Fructus ignotus. 1941) KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VII 411 DISTRIBUTION: Central America (Costa Rica). Costa Rica: Foréts du Copey, alt. 1800 m., A. Tonduz 11716 (TYPE, US), February 1898 (flowers green-white).— Cerro de las Vueltas, wet forest, alt. 3000 m., P. C. Standley 43588 (US, FM), Jan. 1, 1926 (shrub 10-15 ft. with dark green leaves and bronze-green flowers) .— Santa Clara hills, in old cut-over land, alt. 1800 m., H. E. Stork 2592 (FM), June 6, 1928 (shrub 6 ft. with waxy yellow flowers). This species is characterized by very small leaves (3-5 cm. long) especially on the flowering branches. Occasionally, larger leaves are present. In the type, two sheets of which were examined, only two leaves measured above 5 cm. The apex is acute and the base tdpers into a short petiole. Except for the very young parts, the species is strictly glabrous. The pedicels are semi-recurved. In C. panamensis, although originally described as small-leaved (specimens since collected prove the type exceptional) the leaves are obtuse or rounded at the apex, the margin is crenulate and the calyx- lobes are covered with a short appressed pubescence. 12. Cleyera nimanimae (Tulasne) Krug & Urban in Bot. Jahrb. 21: 540. 1896 Freziera nimanimae Tulasne in Ann, Sci. Nat. sér. 3, 8: 338. 1847. — Walpers, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1: 120. 1848 ?Fresiera Ce Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, 8: 337, 1847. — Walpers, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1: 120. 1848. See ee ( Tulasne ) ee & Urban var. 8 viridula Krug & Urban ot. Jahrb. 21: 540. 1896 Eurya nimanimae ice Melchior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam. ed. 2, 21: 147. 1925 DiIstTRIBUTION: West Indies (Cuba). Cupa: S. Yago, Pinol de Nimanima, J. Linden 2128 (1soTyPE of Freziera nimanimae, FM).— Southern Baracoa region, crest of Punta del Mata, alt. 1230 m., Fr. Leon 12159 (NY), July-August 1924 (small tree, 5-6 m.).— Near Monte Verde, in dense woods, C. Wright 1126 (1soTYPE of C. nimanimae var. viridula, NA, G, FM, MO), Aug. 2, 1859 (tree 50 ft. with yellowish green flowers). To my mind this is a rather dubious species. The type itself is dis- tinguished from the other material at hand by the narrow oblong-elliptic leaves. It is closely allied to C. theaeoides, the Jamaican species, but can be separated by the leaf shape, smaller floral parts and the pubescent calyx. The three specimens cited above conform quite well to the description 412 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII of the species. However, Wright 1126 presents an interesting problem. There are available for my study five specimens of this number. Were it not for the specimen from the Field Museum, I could only conclude that two distinct species or forms had been included in the collection. However, this specimen has both the narrow elliptic leaves of C. nimani- mae and the broader obovate leaves: of C. theaeoides on a single branchlet. Other specimens dubiously placed here are Fr. Leon et al. 10610, 10172, 10979, and E. L. Ekman 14701. These collections have broader leaves, similar in shape to C. theaeoides, still they possess the smaller flowers and pubescent calyx of C. nimanimae. Urban, in a key to the West Indian species of Cleyera, separated these two species by the absence or presence of buds at the base of the pedicel, besides leaf-shape and size. In the type of C. nimanimae, Linden 2128, this character (absence of buds) does hold, but in Fr. Leon 12159 (representing C. nimanimae) and the material examined of C. theaeoides both the presence and the absence of buds can be noted. Dubiously cited under this species as a synonym is Freziera ilictoides Tulasne. Urban cited F. dicioides under Cleyera theaeoides. Unfortu- nately, I have not been able to examine the type material but from the extensive description I feel that it is more closely associated with the present species. 13. Cleyera panamensis (Standley), comb. nov. Eurya panamensis Standley in Woodson & Seibert in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 829. 1938; in Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Bot. Ser. 22: 169. 1940 DIsTRIBUTION: Central America (Panama and Costa Rica). PanaMA. Prov. de Chiriqui: valley of upper Rio Chiriqui Viejo, alt. 1300-1900 m., Gene & Peggy White 16 (TYPE of Eurya panamensis, FM; isotype, AA), July 16, 1937 (tree 10-12 m. high with white, very fragrant flowers).— Vicinity of Casita Alta, Volcan de Chiriqui, alt. 1500-2000 m., Woodson, Allen & Seibert 791 (AA, FM, MO), June 28 — July 2, 1938 (tree 6 m. high with yellow flowers). — Vicinity of Finca Lérida, Volcan de Chiriqui, alt. 1750 m., Woodson & Schery 232 (AA, MO), July 7-11, 1940 (tree 10 m. high with yellow- cream flowers).— Vicinity of Callején Seco, Volcan de Chiriqui, alt. 1700 m., Woodson & Schery 499 (AA, MO), July 17, 1940 (tree 6 m. with pale yellow flowers). — Volcan de Chiriqui, Boquete Distr., open hillsides, alt. 1500-2700 m., M. E. Terry 771 (AA, FM, MO), 785 (FM), 880 (AA, FM, MO), 922 (FM), 1350 (FM), June 26, 1935- 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VII 413 Feb. 13, 1940 (tree 5—9 m. with pale yellow, greenish yellow or greenish white flowers). Costa Rica: hills above Zarcero, in woodland, alt. 1800 m., Austin Smith A127 (AA, FM, MO), Aug. 14, 1935 (tree 6 m. with campanu- late flowers [15 mm. across], pale citron yellow; bark dark gray, thick, granularly roughened, the wood white).— Alajuela, Palmira, alt. 2100 m., Austin Smith 4166 (FM), Apr. 30, 1937 (tree 50 ft.; 2 ft. diam. at base, bark grayish, corrugated; flowers semi-campanulate, yellow to mustard yellow, 15 mm. across). — Paso Ancho, alt. 1675 m., C. H. Lankester 287 (FM), June 1919. Standley distinguishes this species by the small obovate leaves (2.5—5.5 cm. long, 1.0—2.5 cm. wide), very obtuse or rounded at the apex. On the type in the, Field Museum, this character holds true. However, on the isotype in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum, leaves are found measuring up to 8 cm. & 3 cm. Most of the specimens cited above have larger leaves, with the smaller leaves the exception. The apex of the leaves may be very obtuse or rounded or, as found on later speci- mens, obtuse but bluntly acuminate. Very characteristic are the densely hirsute, white or greenish white terminal buds. In a group of plants where characters are most variable, this character is consistent. The pubescence carries through on the very young branchlets and younger leaves, especially on the petiole and undersurface. The older leaves appear glabrous or nearly so. The calyx-lobes, under the hand-lens, may seem glabrous, but under the binocular, they usually appear covered with a dense appressed pubescence. This pubescence is usually found on the inner surface of the calyx-lobes as well. The serration of the leaves varies somewhat from the distinct denta- tion as found in the type to the nearly entire margin found in Terry 771 and 922. From C. costaricensis this species can be separated by the obtuse acuminate or rounded apex, the texture and veining. In C. costaricensts the leaves are in some instances even smaller than the type of this species, quite coriaceous, acute at the apex and less abruptly acuminate. 14. Cleyera theaeoides (Swartz) Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 14, 1: 110. 1855 “thoeoides.” — Grisebach, Fl. Brit. West Ind. Isl. 103. 1859.— Urban in Bot. Jahrb. 21: 538. 1896. Eroteum ee Swartz, Prodr. 85, 1788.— Fawcett & Rendle in Jour. : 362. 1922; Fl. Jam. 5: 185. 1926. Freziera herr Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 2: 972. 1800. — Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 2, 2: 1179. 1800. a in Rees, Cyclop. 15: no. 1. 1810. — De 414 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Candolle, Prodr. 1: 524. 1824. — Macfadyen, Fl. Jam. 1: 115. 1837. — Hooker in Bot. Mag. 76: t. 4546. 1850. — Paxton’s Fl. Gard. 1: 189. pn Meee Bot, Voy. Herald, 87. 1853. — Triana & Planchon nn. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 4, 18: 264. 1862. ee theoides (Swartz) Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 105. 1856. — Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. 6: 189. 1893. — Standley in Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23, 3: 823. 1923. — Melchior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 147. 1925. DIsTRIBUTION: West Indies (Jamaica). Jamaica: vicinity of Cinchona, V. L. Britton 109 (NY), Sept. 2-10, 1906.— Vicinity of Newcastle, hillside, Silver Hill to Hardware Gap, N. L. Britton 3447 (NY), Sept. 11, 1908 (tree 10 m.).— Road to John Crows Peak, alt. 1860 m., W. Harris 6513 (NY, FM), Sept. 8, 1896 (tree 10 m.).—Cinchona, Sir John’s Peak, alt. 1830 m., W. Harris 9514 (NY), Sept. 27, 1906 (small tree 10-12 ft.).— Content Road, alt. 900 m., W. Harris 6104 (AA, NY), Nov. 21, 1895 (small tree, 15 ft.).— Morce’s Gap, W. Purdie s.n. (G), June 1843; J. H. Perkins 1132 (AA, G), May 22, 1916; F. Shreve s.n. (NY), Jan. 1906. — Cinchona, leeward slopes of Blue Mts., J. A. Harris & J. V. Lawrence C 15180A, C 15361, C 15374A, Feb. & Mar. 1916. — Blue Mountain near Portland Gap, alt. 1700 m., A. ReAder s.n. (AA), Feb. 11, 1903 (tree 20 ft. high with rather smooth brown bark; fis. yellowish white).—on summit of Blue Mountain Peak, alt. 2225 m., A. Rehder sn, (AA), Feb. 11, 1903 (shrub 10 ft.).— extreme summit of Blue Mountain Peak, alt. 2262 m., W. R. Maxon 1405 (US), Apr. 1903 (shrub 8-12 ft.).— Blue Mountain Peak, open southeastern slope of East Peak, alt. 2200 m., W. R. Maxon 9949 (US), July 1926 (shrub 2.5 m.).— Blue Mountain Peak, summit, alt. 2250 m., G. E. Nichols 116 (FM, G, MO, NY, US), July 21, 1903.— Gordon Town (Cinchona plantation), J. Hart 593, 654, 1051 (US). Shrubs or small trees up to 20 ft. Branchlets and terminal buds appressed pilose becoming glabrous. Leaves obovate or oblong-obovate, chartaceous-coriaceous, glabrous, 4-8 cm. long and 2—4 cm. wide, bluntly acuminate (rarely attenuate) at the apex, sharply or broadly cuneate at the base, the lateral veins inconspicuous above, prominent below, anastomosing near the crenulate or crenate margin; petiole 3-7 mm. long. Flowers solitary, rarely in two’s in the axils; pedicels glabrous, 1-2 cm. long, the bracteoles 2, usually deciduous before anthesis, when present, linear, membranaceous up to 2 mm. long; sepals unequal, semi-orbicular, glabrous, outer sepals smaller, 2.0-3.5 mm. across, inner sepals 3.5—5.0 mm. wide, ciliolate; petals + 1 cm. long, obtuse, glabrous 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE,. VII 415 on dorsal surface; stamens 25-30, the filaments 3-5 mm. long, adnate to the base of the corolla, the anthers oval-elliptic, + 1 mm. long, sparsely hirsute; ovary glabrous, globose, 3-locular, 14-18 ovules in each locule, the style 2-3 mm. long, 3-parted with a tendency to split simulating Eurya. Fruit globose, about 1 cm. diameter. The crenulate leaf-margin is similar to that found in the Japanese species, Eurya japonica. In his original description of this species under the genus Eroteum (1788), Swartz used the spelling “‘Theaeoides.” In 1800, under the genus Freziera, Swartz changed this spelling to ‘“‘theoides.” Choisy (1855), in making the transfer to the genus Cleyera used “‘thoeoides.”’ Since then, most authors have used ‘“‘theoides,” the later spelling em- ployed by Swartz. However, Fawcett & Rendle, as well as Sprague, in discussions over the correct generic name, used the original ‘‘theae- oides.”” Personally, I feel the second name more euphonious and it is surely easier to record. Nevertheless, to my mind, the change to this name by Swartz was merely an oversight. J do not believe it to be a correction, Since the original spelling seems correct enough grammati- cally, it should be employed. From the material examined, one is not impressed by the range of the species in Jamaica. All the material seems to have been collected in the southeastern portion of the island, on or close to Blue Mountain. This is due, perhaps, to the fact that most collectors worked from a base established at Kingston. However, were it collected elsewhere, surely it would be found in one of the various herbaria, whose material I have at my disposal. 15. Cleyera vaccinioides (O. C. Schmidt), comb. nov. Eurya vaccinioides O. C. Schmidt in Rep. Spec. Nov. 22: 98. 1925. Freziera vaccintoides (OQ. C. Schmidt) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 355. 1938. DISTRIBUTION: West Indies (Haiti). Haiti: Massif de la Selle, Pétionville, slope of M. Le Visite, on top of limestone ridge in exposed situation, alt. 2100 m., FE. L. Ekman H 1438 (1soTyPE of Eurya vaccinioides, US).— Massif de la Hotte, pinelands, alt. 2300 m., E. L. Ekman H 10628 (US), Sept. 13, 1928. The most outstanding character of this species is found in the minute elliptic or obovate leaves, measuring 1.0-1.8 cm. long and usually less than | cm. wide with a petiole 1-2 mm. long. Also, the leaves are coria- ceous, punctate on the upper surface, appressed strigose pubescent beneath, the veins obscure and the margin revolute with a few dentations at the very apex. 416 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Unfortunately, as Schmidt intimated in his original diagnosis, the petals and the stamens can be found only in the unopened buds. How- ever, Schmidt states that the petals were suborbicular and densely pilose up the center. The pedicels are only 0.5 mm. long. Closely allied to C. vaccinioides is C. ternstroemioides which differs in its larger leaves (2.0-3.3 cm. long and 1.4~-1.9[-—2.2] cm. wide), glabrous on the under surface. In the latter species, the very young parts (branchlets and leaves) are appressed-pilose, later becoming glabrous. There are fewer leaves because of the longer internodes which are 5—6 mm. long as compared with the 2-3 mm. long internodes of C. vaccinioides. 16. Cleyera ternstroemioides (O. C. Schmidt), comb. nov. Eurya ternstroemioides O. C. Schmidt in Rep. Spec. Nov. 24: 79. 1927, Freziera ternstroemioides (O. C. Schmidt) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 355. 1938. DisTRIBUTION: West Indies (Haiti). Haiti: Massif de la Hotte, western group, Torbec, top of M. Formona, alt. 2225 m., E. L. Ekman H 7487 (isotype of Eurya tern- stroemiotdes, US), January 1, 1927. Cleyera ternstroemioides is characterized by glabrous, coriaceous elliptic to obovate leaves, 2.0-3.3 cm. long and 1.4-1.9(—2.2) cm. wide, rotund at both ends, with the margin slightly dentate at the apex, punc- tate on the upper surface, the midrib sulcate above, the veins obscure on both surfaces. The branchlets and leaves are appressed-pilose at first, later becoming glabrous. The pedicels are about 1 cm. long. The petals are obcordate-orbicular, 8.5-10 mm. long and 8-9 mm. wide, densely pilose on the medial portion of the dorsal surface, ciliolate along the margin. The anthers are sparsely hirsute. Closely related is C. vaccinioides which can be separated by its even smaller flowers (one-half), the appressed-pilose undersurface of the leaves and branchlets, the short internodes (2-3 mm.) and pedicels (0.5 mm.). ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 1941] CROIZAT, THE TRIBE PLUKENETIINAE 417 THE TRIBE PLUKENETIINAE OF THE EUPHORBIACEAE IN EASTERN TROPICAL ASIA LEON CROIZAT Two specimens of Euphorbiaceae were found in the collections made by C. W. Wang in Yunnan, during 1938, which have a gross morphology suggesting that of Tragia L. A dissection made of their flowers shows that: (1) the ¢ perianth has three broadly triangular lobes, alternating with as many large triangular stamens, with an apical dehiscence and very short appendages; (2) the stamens stand upon a short column, without a central pistillode, and are surrounded by a slightly upraised, eglandular annulus, suggesting a similar structure commonly found in certain Asclepiadaceae of the Tribe Stapelieae; (3) the @ flower bears a style much thickened at the apex, without expanded stigmas. Characters of this kind belong to several genera in the vicinity of Tragia, for instance, Cnesmone Bl., Sphaerostylis Baill., Megtstostigma Hook f., Clavistylus J. J. Sm., Cenesmon Gagnep., and Tragiella Pax & Hoffm. Before the Wang collections could be determined all these genera had to be studied in detail, which necessarily entailed a considera- tion of the Tribe PLUKENETIINAE and its nearest allies. The result of this investigation proved to be fruitful of taxonomic and nomenclatural changes which are the subject of the present contribution. In their latest work on the Euphorbiaceae, Pax & Hoffmann (Nat. Pflanzenfam. 19[c]: 141-148. 1931) includes Cenesmon among the gen- era of the MERCURIALINAE. It is not apparent why they should do this, since they remark ‘‘Die Gattung zeigt Beziehung zu Cnesmone’’, which is closely related to Tragia, the type-genus of the PLUKENETIINAE. Tragia alone numbers about 140 species, and the balance of the species of the tribe, about 40, are distributed by Pax & Hoffmann among not less than twenty genera, eleven of which are monotypic. Clearly, genera of this nature cannot be critically worked out unless by making refer- ence to Tragia, of which they are bound to be comparatively minor seg- regates. Tragia is a critical genus, which Pax & Hoffmann (Pflanzenr. 68[1V.147. IX—XI]: 32-101. 1919) divide into nine so-called sections. These nine sections very nearly fall into two natural groups. In one 418 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII group the ¢ perianth is 3-lobed and the lobes alternate with as many stamens; in the other group, the ¢ perianth is 5-lobed and the stamens tend to be numerous. The stylar structure of the genus is variable throughout. Some species have evolute columns with divaricate stigmas (see, for instance, T. Sellowiana Muell. Arg. and T. leucandra Pax & Hoffm.). Others, on the contrary, have branches of the style that become divergent at the very top of the ovary (see, for instance, T. geraniifolia Baill. and T. mitis Hochst.). The stigmatic surfaces are more or less thickly and finely papillose. The stamens are more or less elongated, sometimes mixed with staminodes, but so far as I know the anthers bear no appendage arising from an extension of the con- nective between the cells, and the filaments are almost always delicate. Like the majority of the genera of the Euphorbiaceae, Tragia is a natural group, covering species that are unlike in their morphology and, even more, in their tendencies. Such a group is essentially defined by negative characters and cannot be broken up at will into lesser units merely because some of its forms happen to have characters in their flowers that do not exactly fit the standard generic definition. Tragia is a phylogenetic node from which have radiated forms that ultimately have evolved along lines of their own. One of such lines, for instance, can readily be identified. It begins with the coarsely papillose and thick style of certain species of Tragia, and through Cnesmone it ends in Plukenetia, the stylar structures becoming larger and more deeply and intimately connate as the evolutive trend unfolds itself. The earliest segregate from 7ragia recorded in the botany of tropical Asia is Cnesmone. In publishing it as Cnesmosa (Bijdr. 12: 630. 1825, corrected to Cnesmone in Blume & Fischer, Fl. Jav. 1: vi im nota. 1828"), Blume laid stress upon the following: ‘“‘Genus a Tragia diversum calice in femineis 3-sepalo, stigmatibus sessilibus carnosis intus verrucosis ut etiam habitu”. None of the characters emphasized by Blume can validly separate Cnesmone from Tragia. The species lectotypica pro- posita of Tragia is T. volubilis L., which has a 3-lobed ¢ calyx and a 6-lobed ¢@ perianth, this type of flower being also characteristic of certain species of Cnesmone. As has been pointed out, ‘“‘stigmatibus sessilibus carnosis intus verrucosis” occur on 7. geraniifolia. The habit, San reference is — — following Pax & Shire op. , 102, as “FI. Jav. praef. VI. (18 28), 7 is misleading. The intr see ee to the Flora Javanica referred to as eis : an integral part of the first volume of this work, n says nah Many ae corrections are effected by Blume in this ge me tion. Cnesmosa is a “clearly unintentional orthographic error’ under the Rule Ss ae Nom ha si whic lume was justified in correcting. eas alludes to the urent baie “a the type-species, C. javanica, as pointed out by Pax & Hoffmann, op. cit., 102 in n 1941) CROIZAT, THE TRIBE PLUKENETIINAE 419 of course, is very much alike in the genera of the PLUKENETIINAE, and Cnesmone quite agrees with the gross morphology of Tragia. The fundamental difference between Cnesmone and Tragia is that of the anthers, which bear a manifest connective between the cells in Cnesmone and are exappendiculate, on the contrary, in Tragia. This difference, overlooked by Blume, is emphasized by Pax & Hoffmann in their key to the genera of the PLUKENETIINAE, in which they (op. cit., 9) say of Tragia: “Stamina numerosa vel plura, saepius autem 3. Ovarium 3-loculare; styli superne liberi” and refer to Cnesmone as having: “Stamina normaliter 3 vel 2. Ovarium 3-loculare. Anthe- rae appendiculatae. Styli superne liberi.’”’ Mueller Argoviensis, on his part (in DC. Prodr. 15[{2]: 926. 1866), states that Cnesmone is ‘Planta fruticosa, scandens, habitu Tragiae, in Java et India orientali crescens, connectivi et stylorum indole insignita.” This characterization of Blume’s genus is correct, in the main. Unfortunately, it has often been read to mean that the thickened style of Cnesmone has generic im- portance. This is not necessarily true, because the stigma of C. javanica is essentially free, and as such is correctly illustrated by Pax & Hoffmann (op. cit., 103 fig. 23 E). In his publication of Cenesmon, Gagnepain (in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 865-866. 1924) notices that this genus differs from Tragia because it has appendaged anthers with spreading cells, coarse and conical papillae on the stigmas and no stylar column. He furthermore states that Cenesmon is unlike Cnesmone because it has stigmas that spread in anthesis, conical stigmatic papillae and no stylar column. It is to be feared that in emphasizing differences such as these, Gagnepain relies too much on characters of the flower that are unimportant in the Euphorbiaceae. Since in Tragia a stylar column may be present or absent, and the stigmas may be finely or coarsely papillate, no reliance can be put upon the nature of the stylar column and of the stigma to effect generic segregations in this group. Shorn of unessentials, Gag- nepain’s notes amount merely to this: Cenesmon is generically distinct from Tragia because it bears appendaged anthers, and it differs from Cnesmone in having stigmas that spread at the time of anthesis. The fact that the stigmas tend to be inflexed rather than to expand has absolutely no systematic significance in the PLUKENETIINAE. In this tribe, the style varies a great deal in the different stages of its growth, which is proved by van Steenis’ illustration of the style of Clavistylus peltatus J. J].Sm. The two states which van Steenis (in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. iii, 12: 201, fig. 10 d, e. 1932) shows are so different that tax- onomists of the school of Gagnepain would hesitate in believing them to 420 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII be conspecific and perhaps even congeneric. At the very best, fully accepting the accuracy of Gagnepain’s observations, Cenesmon could be maintained as a subsection of Cnesmone to include the species that have about reached a stage of evolution wherein their style begins to look like the style of certain species of Tragia. There can be no ques- tion of erecting two genera because the stigmas spread or fail to do so. Cnesmone, as has been shown, differs from Tragia because it has appendaged anthers. Characteristically, Cenesmon is said by Gagne- pain to differ from Tragia in the very same manner, that is to say, in carrying anthers that are appendaged. It is but a logical conclusion that Cenesmon is a synonym of Cnesmone, because none of the dif- ferences which are said to separate them has any value. It might be possible to treat Cnesmone as a subgenus of Tragia, denying generic validity to the presence or absence of the appendage in the anthers. Such a treatment, however, is neither necessary nor correct. Cnesmone is a good genus not because its anthers differ in some detail from those of Tragia. It is a good genus because it consists of species that are phylogenetically, phytogeographically and morphologically one unit, and form as such a natural group in the flora of eastern tropical Asia. It is conceivable that some of the species of Cnesmone may have anthers that are less manifestly appendaged than ‘those of others, and that their position under Cuesmone may ultimately depend upon sums of intangibles rather than upon technicalities of floral morphology. Such technicalities have a very limited value in the Euphorbiaceae; were they stressed, every one of the fundamental genera of the family could be broken up into countless meaningless segregates. I have not seen material of Sphaerostylis Tulasneana Baill. The classic illustrations of this species, prepared under the supervision of Baillon (Etud. Gén. Euphorb., pl. 21, fig. 19-21. 1858; in Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar 4[xxix]: pl. 196. 1890) are fortunately very clear. In view of what they show it is safe to conclude that Tragiella Pax & Hoffm. is merely a synonym of Sphaerostylis. The lobes of the @ calyx are manifestly pinnatifid in Tragiella, but they are at least toothed in Sphaerostylis. The peculiar coarctate ¢ perianth of the former is described by Pax & Hoffmann (op. cit., 104) as: “Calyx ¢ valvatim 3-partitus, parte inferiore campanulatus, ad faucem introrsum plicatus, lobi deinde patentes.” The perianth of Sphaerostylis likewise is char- acterized by the two authors (op. cit., 106) as: “Calyx ¢ ultra medium valvatim partitus; lobi demum transversim introsum plicati, quasi discum simulantes.” The lobes of the @ perianth are about 6 in both genera. The style of Tragiella is described as: “Styli in columnam infun- 1941] CROIZAT, THE TRIBE PLUKENETINAE 421 dibuliformem, apice trilobam, vel in massam globosam connati,” and that of Sphaerostylis as: “Styli in massam globosam, longitrorsum trisulcam, ovario multo majorem connati, summo apice brevissime liberi.” The differences in the stamens of the two genera are just as trifling as are those in the styles. In Tragiella the stamens are de- scribed as: “Stamina 3-4, alternisepala; filamenta brevia, basi in- crassata et hic inter se connata; connectivum valde incrassatum; antherae introrsae, longitudinaliter dehiscentes; loculi paralleli. Ovarii rudimentum parvum evolutum, cum basi filamentorum connatum.” In Sphaerostylis the stamens are said to be: “Stamina 3, alternisepala; filamenta fere nulla, in columnam connata; antherae in summa columna erectae, demum subreflexae, apiculatae; loculi introrsum contigui, paralleli, longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarii rudimentum nullum.” The presence of a.pistillode, of course, is scarcely of significance in this tribe, because in the type-species of Tragia itself, T. volubilis L., the pistillode appears as: “Ovarii rudimentum nanum vel nullum” (see Pax & Hoffmann, op. cit., 48). In brief, since Sphaerostylis is based upon a plant from Madagascar, and the three species brought under Tragiella by Pax & Hoffmann range from South Africa to British East Africa, it may not be doubted that Tragiel/a is correctly treated as a synonym of Sphaerostylis, with which it agrees both in characters and in range. Megistostigma, which Pax & Hoffmann have reduced to Sphaerostylis, differs from this genus at least in respect to its range, to its more or less applanate ¢ perianths, to the entire lobes in its 9 perianth. Clavi- stylus, which Pax & Hoffmann treat as a valid genus, with the note (op. cit., 104): ‘“‘Genus certissime affine est Cnesmonae, sed non stimulosum; insuper differt disco ¢ evoluto, stylis foliisque peltatis,”’ has much less to do with Cnesmone than with Megistostigma. Smith himself (in Meded. Dep. Landb. 10: 517. 1910) remarks that Clavistylus shares with Megistostigma the unisexual inflorescence and the characteristic disc of the ¢ flower, together with the thick columnar style. The differ- ence between these two genera, Smith concludes, is that Clavistylus has peltate leaves, appendaged anthers, a 3-partite @ calyx and a style connate more extensively toward the apex. None of these differences has generic significance, and the new species described in the present contribution, based upon the Wang collections from Yunnan, is inter- mediate in its characters between the type-species of both Megistostigma and Clavistylus. It might be suspected that Pax & Hoffmann have not fully grasped the distribution and the morphology of these genera. They assume that Cresmone has no disc, which is not the case. They bring together two monotypic genera based upon species endemic, re- 422 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxII spectively, in Madagascar and in Malaysia which is certainly unneces- sary. In addition, they publish a new genus for three African species which are manifestly allied with the holotype of Sphaerostylis, and accept the validity of a Malaysian monotypic genus, Clavistylus, which cannot be extricated from Megistostigma. I incline to retain two genera which are undoubtedly allied, but are distinct by their ranges and details of morphology. These genera are: Sphaerostylis (Syn. nov.: Tragiella), which belongs to Eastern Africa, and Megistostigma (Syn. nov.: Clavistylus), which is endemic in Malaysia and S. W. China. No material is available here of the three species of Tragia described for the flora of the Philippine Islands, T. irritans Merr., T. luzoniensis Merr. and T. philippinensis Merr., and it is impossible to place them on the basis of the descriptions. Pax & Hoffmann (op. cit., 108) treat T. irritans as Pachystylidium hirsutum (Bl.) Pax & Hoffm. var. 8 irri- tans (Merr.) Pax & Hoffm., and describe the anthers of the binomial as: ‘“Sessiles, subhorizontales, dorsifixae, extrorsae,” adding that the styles are: ‘In columnam crassam, late conicam connati.” The peculiar position of the anthers would seem to be due to their being more or less versatile upon a very short filament, which accounts for their being seen at the same time as sessile, subhorizontal and extrorse. All these plants may as yet be found to fall within the generic limits of Cnesmone. The holotypes must be seen to dispose of Cnesmone subpeltata Ridl., Tragia laevis Ridl. and Cnesmone glabrata Kurz. The @ flower of C. subpeltata is unknown (see Ridley in Kew Bull., 368. 1923, and FI. Malay Penins. 3: 307. 1924), but the note: ‘“‘Anther-cells separated by a wide connective keeled on both sides and prolonged to a short point” fits the stamens of Megistostigma malaccense in so precise a manner as to suggest that Ridley’s binomial is a synonym of that species. The leaves of M. malaccense are not essentially peltate or even subpeltate, but their venation is pinnately triplinerved, and this venation fre- quently yields subpeltate foliage in the Euphorbiaceae. Tragia laevis is said by Ridley (in Kew Bull., 368. 1923 and FI. Malay Penins. 3: 308. 1924) to have: “disc large circular papillose. Stamens 3, filaments short thick, as long as disc; anther cells 2 separated on a broad thick connec- tive . . . style stout short with 3 fleshy arms with thick papillae on the upper face.’ These are certainly not the characters of a species of Tragia but I may not say whether Cnesmone or Megistostigma is involved. The key of Pax & Hoffmann (op. cit., 10) would point to the latter (as Clavistylus), which is supposedly distinct from Cnesmone on account of its having: “Discus ¢ evolutus.” Unfortunately, the é flower of certain species of Cnesmone has as large and as well formed an annulus as that of Megistostigma, 1941] CROIZAT, THE TRIBE PLUKENETIINAE 423 Pax & Hoffmann refer to Cnesmone glabrata Kurz as follows (op. cit., 103 Nota 2): “A nobis non visa et ab auctoribus omissa, verosimiliter a C. javanica vix diversa est.” Ridley reduces it to Megistostigma malaccense (Ridley’s Sphaerostylis malaccensis) on the strength of the description, but fails to effect the combination under Sphaerostylis, which is required by Art. 54 of the Rules of Nomenclature. Such a combination, Sphaerostylis glabrata (Kurz) Merr., is effected in the Papers Mich. Acad. Sc. Bot. 24: 78. 1938, with M. malaccense in syn- onymy. Kurz’s own description does not seem to bear out these dis- positions. Kurz (in Flora 58: 32. 1875) says: ‘“Calycis laciniae lineari- oblongae, acuminatae, sparse puberulae, fimbriatae, 2 lin. circiter longae, subinde in dentem unum alterumve productae.”’ Despite the added note: “Ovarium .. . stigmate glaberrimo magno campanulato-cuneato terminato,” this description excludes Megistostigma malaccense, which (see Hook. Icon. 16: pl, 1592. 1887) has entire calyx-lobes. Cnesmone glabrata is a nomen dubium on the face of the publication, which is to be rejected under the Rules (see Art. 63 and Rec. XX XVII) until such time as the holotype becomes available for certification. The single species of Plukenetia endemic in eastern tropical Asia, P. corniculata Sm., is placed by Pax & Hoffmann (op. cit., 22) under Pterococcus Hassk., together with two other African endemics, P. afri- canus (Sond.) Pax & Hoffm. and P. procumbens (Prain) Pax & Hoffm. Still another genus, Angostylidium (Muell. Arg.), Pax & Hoffm., is used by the two authors (op. cit., 17) for Plukenetia conophora Muell. Arg., which ranges in tropical western Africa. It may be suspected that this arrangement is not free from the same misconceptions that have sug- gested the publication of Tragiella and the reduction of Megistostigma under Sphaerostylis. I cannot find characters to separate Pterococcus from Plukenetia, and agree more than readily with Pax & Hoffmann that Angostylidium: “A Plukenetia paulo distat.”’ The winged ovary which Pax & Hoffmann (op. cit. 9-10) emphasize in their key to separate Pterococcus from Plukenetia occurs not only in both genera, but Plukenetia volubilis L., which is the species lectotypica proposita of the Linnean genus, has a capsule that has winged cocci like Pterococcus. In conclusion, and so far as I know at the present, the PLUKENE- TIINAE of eastern tropical Asia are distributed as follows: (1) — Tragia L.— The easternmost representative of the genus is said to be T. novae-hollandiae Muell. Arg., endemic in Australia, which I have not seen. Tragia Delpyana Gagnep. is represented in our herbarium by collections made in Laos and in the Valley of the Mekong, 424 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII in French Indo-China. In India proper several species are known, one of which, T. involucrata L., appears to be the parent-form of several lesser segregates. In the anthers of T. involucrata the connective tends to be thicker than is usual in the genus, and the dehiscence may be introrse. However, 7. bicolor Miq., which is near T. involucrata and like it is endemic in India, has thin filaments and small anthers that dehisce laterally and have no appendages. It seems well established that the Indian species are closely related to those of Africa. Tragia, consequently, enters the flora of tropical Asia to a small extent, as an overflow, as it were, of the large African complex under the genus. (2) —Cnesmone Bl. (Cenesmon Gagnep., Syn. Nov.; Tragia auct. Non L.) — The great majority of the Euphorbiaceae of the Tribe Pru- KENETIINAE endemic in tropical Asia and Malaysia belong to this genus. ‘Technically, the anthers’ structure, involving the presence of an appendage between the cells, is the generic character. The range extends from Yunnan, in S. W. China, to Malaysia. (3) — Megistostigma Hook f. (Clavistylus J. J. Sm., Syn. nov.; Spaerostylis auct. Non Baill.; ? Tragia auct. Non L.; ? Cnesmone auct. Non Bl.) —Close to Sphaerostylis Baill. (Tragiella Pax & Hoffm., Syn. nov.), which differs in range (Madagascar, east tropical Africa) and in structural details of the perianth, lobes and anthers. Reported, so far, in S. W. China (M. yunnanense Croiz. sp. nov.), in Malaya proper (M. malaccense Hook f.) and in the Sunda (M. peltatum (J. J. Sm.) Croiz. comb. nov.). (4) —Plukenetia L. (Pterococcus Hassk.)—A nearly pandemic genus of less than 12 species ranging from America to eastern Asia through tropical Africa. Represented in Asia by one widespread species, P. corniculata Sm., with distribution N. E. India to eastern Malaysia. These four genera can be keyed as follows: Anthers numerous, fruit more or less winged. ............ Plukenetia L. Anthers (2-)3, fruit not winged. Filaments not forming an appendage beyond the anthers, usually thin ; ed ie gon) a ee ee ene ee a ere re eee ee Tragia Filaments forming an appendage beyond the anthers, thick. Stamens more or less triangular, apically dehiscing by a slit; styles thickened, more or less extensively connate or fused. .......... sevcctavvnveevccsescvesessecessescss sMegistostigma Hook. f. Stamens ligulate to subclavate, with a manifest connective between the anther-cells, dehiscing laterally or introrsely; styles free or WRAMIY CONNAUG i icsss5 os Khao eee wee ee So Cnesmone BI. 1941] CROIZAT, THE TRIBE PLUKENETIINAE 425 Plukenetia L. Plukenetia corniculata Sm. in Nov. Act. Upsal. 6:4. 1799; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15[2]: 772. 1866; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 464. 1887; J. J. Sm. in Meded. Dept. Landb. 10: 526. 1910; Merr. in Philip. Jour. Sc. 16: 564. 1920, Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 2: 447. 1 Pterococcus corniculatus (Sm.) Pax & Hoffm. in Pflanzenr. 68 [IV. 147. IX-XI]:22. 1919; Merr. in Papers Mich. Acad. Sc. 24: 78. 1938. Pterococcus glaberrimus Hassk. in Flora 25, Beibl. 41, 2: 41. 1842; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 309. 1924. SPECIMENS SEEN:' Rahmat Si Boeea 7593 & 7827, east coast of Sumatra, 1935. As noticed by Mansfeld (Kew Bull. 454. 1935) and by Merrill, Pterococcus Hassk. (1842) is a later homonym of Pterococcus Pallas (1776). Hasskarl’s name is not worthy of being proposed as a nomen conservandum. The material seen strongly suggests at first sight a subherbaceous form of Acalypha L. The ¢ perianth is 4-partite, small, and has many stamens. Tragia L. Tragia Delpyana Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 1027. 1924, in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Ch. 5: 393. 1926 SPECIMENS SEEN: Thorel 2205, Laos [isotype]; Pierre s.n., Cochin- china |isosyntype|; Harmand, delta of the Mekong. This is the only authentic species of Tragia known to me east of India. The two subsessile stamens are very characteristic. Megistostigma Hook f. Megistostigma malaccense Hook. f. in Icon. 16: pl. 1592. 1887, FI. Brit. Ind. 5: 467. 1888. Sphaerostylis malaccensis Pax & Hoffm. in Pflanzenr. 68 [IV. 147. IX-XI]:31, fig. 11 E, F-107. 1919; Ridl. Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 308. 1 924. Sphaerostylis glabrata Merr. in Papers Mich. Acad. Sc. Bot., 24: 78. 1938 [quoad specimina Sumatrana. An: Cnesmone glabrata Kurz ?]. SPECIMENS SEEN: Rahmat Si Boeea 7186, 8780, 9864, east coast of Sumatra, 1935; Rahmat Si Toroes 1389, east coast of Sumatra, 1928. Hooker’s type-illustration is good, although the anthers it shows are 1All the emer cited belong to the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. 426 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. Xx apparently immature. The species is very easily confused at first sight with a narrow-leaved form of Mallotus or Macaranga. Megistostigma peltatum (J. J. Sm.) Croiz. comb. nov. Clavistylus — J. J. Sm. in Meded. Dept. Landb. 10: 517. 1910; K urs. Fl, Java 2: 498. 1912; van Steen. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. iii. “12: 201, fig. 10. 1932; Pax & Hoffm. in Pflanzenr. 68 [IV. 147. [X-X1] : 104. 1919. I have not seen specimens, but the illustrations and the careful criti- cal notes of van Steenis, together with the descriptions and the remarks of Smith and Pax & Hoffmann, leave no doubt as to the true position of Clavistylus. As previously stated, M. yunnanense has characters which are intermediates between those of M. malaccense and M. peltatum. Megistostigma cordatum Merr. in Philip. Jour. Sc. 16: 563. 1920, Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 2: 446. 1923. I have seen no material of this species. The description points to a peculiar form for the genus, as it speaks of: ‘Style pubescent, 2 to 3 mm. long; stigma subglobose, obscurely 3-lobed, glabrous, fleshy, about 6 mm. in diameter.” Megistostigma yunnanense Croiz. sp. nov. Frutex scandens, primo intuito Phaseoli vel Dolichi specimen, ni folia obstarent simplicia, habitu optime mentiens. Caulibus teretibus, striatis, pallidis, sublignosis, sub apicem parcius setulosis, stipulis tri- angulari-lanceolatis ad 1 cm. longis, brunneis, integris, conspicuis ad basem petiolorum insignitis. Foliis cordatis, plus minusve ellipticis vel obovatis, breviter abrupteque caudatis, integerrimis, nervis utrinque 3—4 adscendentibus, pilis adpressis simplicibus hinc inde obsitis, lamina caeterum glabrescente vel glabra, 12-16 cm. longa, 7-14 cm. lata, [laminis interdum minimis 5 cm. longis, 2 cm. latis|, petiolo herbaceo, eglanduloso, sat gracili, parcius pubescente, 4-14 cm. longo. Floribus in cymulis 2-sexualibus congregatis [an semper ?], ¢ ca. 7 mm. magnis, perianthio fere ad basem in lobos 3 integros, triangulares, eglandulosos partito, lobis ca. 3 mm. magnis; staminibus 3, triangularibus, carno- sulis, processo in medio breviter producto, rima apicaliter dehiscentibus, ca. 1 mm, longis, 1.5 mm. latis, in stipite brevissime insidentibus, more generis annulo haud carnoso, nempe perianthio ipso grosse plicato- rugoso, circumdatis, pistillodio nullo [an semper ?]. Floribus @ in axillis bractearum foliaceo-subpetaloides latiusculis orientibus, perianthio in lobos 5 partito, 6 mm. longos, 2 mm. latos, integerrimos, lanceolato- 1941} CROIZAT, THE TRIBE PLUKENETIINAE 427 ovatos, petaloideos, venosos; ovario depresso-globuloso, albicante his- pidulo, ca. 2 mm. magno, stylis in columnam coalitis, apice subimpresso- partitis [sic immaturis tantum ?], grosse clavatis, glaberrimis, 5 mm. longis, 4 mm. latis. Caetera desiderantur. YUNNAN: Wang 75870, Sheau-meng-yeang, Cheli, alt. 1100 m., “vine on mountain slope, woods,” Sept. 1936 | 6 spec. — Holotypus | ; Wang 74861, Fo-Hai, alt. 1300 m., “in woods,” June 1936 [ 2 spec.]. The anthers perfectly match those shown by van Steenis in M. peltatum (Clavistylus peltatus). In every detail of its gross morphology but the simple leaves, the new species simulates vines of the Leguminosae family. The genus is new for the flora of China, and is likely to turn up in Indochina, where so far it has not been recorded. Cnesmone BI. Cnesmone javanica BI., Bijdr. 12: 630. 1825 [as Cnesmosa, sphalm. | ; Bl. & Fisch., Fl. Jav. 1: vi in nota | Blume emend., Cnesmone | ; Baill. Et. Gén. Euphorb. 458, pl. 4, fig. 14-17. 1858; Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15[2]: 926. 1866; J. J. Sm. in Meded. Dept. Landb. 10: 513. 1910; Pax & Hoffm. in Pflanzenr. 68 [IV. 147. IX—XI]: 102. 1919; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 306. 1924; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Ch. 5: 385. 1926; Merr. in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 15: 161. 1929. SPECIMENS SEEN: J.D. H. & T. T., Khasia; Pierre, Indochina; For. Res. Inst. Dehra Dun 15094, Burma; Elmer 20663, Borneo; Brinkman 658, Java. This species is hardly better understood today than it was one century ago. Ridley published C. subpeltata which, as previously noticed, can- not be identified from description and may be merely a leaf-form of Blume’s species. The material seen from Khasia is very close to C. tonkinensis, a specimen of which, Balansa 3259 |fragm. in herb. Arnold Arb.], has been determined by Pax & Hoffmann (op. cit., 102) as C. javanica. The @ perianth is 6-lobed in C. tonkinensis and C. aniso- sepala and 3-lobed in C. javanica. However, three of the lobes of the perianth of the species first mentioned are much smaller than the others with which they alternate, and it seems altogether likely that the typic 3-lobed perianth of C. javanica is derived from the 6-lobed perianth of C. tonkinensis and C. anisosepala by abortion of the inner floral whorl [= petals]. On the cited Pierre specimen, which I may not dissect, there is one @ perianth in which the relic of a lobule would seem to appear between two normally developed lobes. 428 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Cnesmone laotica (Gagnep.) Croiz. comb. nov. Cenesmon laoticum Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 867. 1924, in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chin. 5: 390. 1926. SPECIMENS SEEN: Thorel; Harmand | Godefroy |, Indochina. Gagnepain describes six sepals in the perianth of this species, three of which are much smaller. Better collection may prove that C. laotica falls within the specific limits of C. tonkinensis or C. anisosepala. Cnesmone linearis (Gagnep.) Croiz. comb. nov. Cenesmon lineare Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 867. 1924; in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chin. 5: 389. 1926 SPECIMENS SEEN: Thorel, Indochina. This, too, may prove to be an extreme form of the C. tonkinensts - C. anisosepala complex, with very narrow leaves. Cnesmone peltata (Gagnep.) Croiz. comb. nov. Cenesmon peltatum Gagnep. in. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 868. 1924; in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chin. 5: 392. 1926. SPECIMENS SEEN: Poilane 5493 & 8349, Indochina. Poilane 8349 has a gross morphology that is strongly reminiscent of Megistostigma, and this is probably the material that has prompted Gagnepain (in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 866. 1924) to remark that one of the species of Cenesmon is close to Clavistylus. The holotype of the species, Poilane 5493, however, does not suggest Clavtstylus and agrees with the gross morphology of Cnesmone, I may not say whether these differences are merely the result of individual variations, because the material I have at hand is sterile. Gagnepain’s description of the flow- ers points to Cnesmone, witness the characterization of the style as having: “Stigmata 3, lanceolata, valde patentia, tenuia, 3 mm. longa, 1.5 mm. lata, supra papillis conicis majusculis marginantibus tecta.” Cnesmone Poilanei (Gagnep.) Croiz. comb. nov. Cenesmon Poilanei Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 869. 1924; in Lecomte, Fl, Gén. Indo-Chin. 5: 387. 1926. SPECIMEN SEEN: Poilane 2862, Indochina. The anthers are those of Cnesmone. Although near to small-leaved forms of C. javanica and C. tonkinensis, this species is likely to prove distinct. The locus classicus is the Island of Tré, near Nhatrang, Annam, which is rich in peculiar endemics characterized by small, often distinctly sclerophyllous types of foliage. 1941] CROIZAT, THE TRIBE PLUKENETIINAE 429 Cnesmone tonkinensis (Gagnep.) Croiz. comb. nov. Cenesmon tonkinense Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 869. 1924; in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chin. 5: 389. 1926. SPECIMENS SEEN: Bon 5810, Indochina; Balansa 3259, Indochina; Pételot 6520 & 6521, Indochina. It is difficult to distinguish at sight this species from C. javanica, which it matches in every detail of its gross morphology. The perianth has six lobes, three of which are much smaller. In C. javanica the @ perianth has only three lobes, suggesting a reduction from the perianth of C. tonkinensis. It is probable that intermediates between these two species will be found, with three subabortive lobes. Good material is needed which is now not available. Cnesmone Mairei (Léveillé) Croiz. comb. nov. Alchornea Mairei Léveillé Catal. Pl. Yun-nan 94, 1916. SPECIMEN SEEN: Maire s.n., Yunnan. The nomenclature of this species is altogether confusing. Léveillé published it under Alchornea in 1916, basing it upon an unnumbered collection of Maire from the “Vallon de You-fong-kéou” in Yunnan. Handel-Mazzetti mistakenly identified Maire’s material as a variety of Tragia involucrata L. (Symb. Sin. 7: 218. 1931), which is a very differ- ent plant. Rehder accepted Handel-Mazzetti’s misdetermination at first (in Jour. Arnold Arb. 14: 234. 1933), but later decided it was a distinct species and effected the combination Tragia Mairei (Léveillé) Rehd. (in Jour. Arnold Arb, 18: 214. 1937). While this was going on, Gagnepain found the Maire collection still unnamed in the Paris herba- rium and based upon it Cenesmon Mairei Gagnep. (in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 868. 1924; in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chin. 5: 391. 1926). Thus the same collection was independently used to publish a species under Alchornea and under Cenesmon, the same specific epithet being chosen by coincidence by Léveillé and by Gagnepain. A good fragment of the holotype of Gagnepain’s binomial is in our herbarium. I have dissected its flowers and I am certain that Cnesmone and not Tragia is involved. The ¢ perianth has the very conspicuous annulus that is mistakenly believed to be characteristic of the flower of Megistostigma and not of that of Cnesmone. Cnesmone anisosepala (Merr. & Chun) Croiz. comb. nov. Tragia anisosepala Merr, & Chun in Sunyatsenia 2: 261. 1935. Tragia involucrata Merr. [fide ipsius] in Lingn. Jour. Sci. 5: 111. 1927. SPECIMEN SEEN: Lau 141, Hainan. 430 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL, Xx The connective between the anther-cells is well-developed and the annulus is manifest. Further critical comparison with C. tonkinensis is desirable. Cnesmone hainanensis (Merr. & Chun) Croiz. comb. nov. Cenesmon hainanense Merr. & Chun in Sunyatsenia 5: 94. 1940. SPECIMEN SEEN: How 73926, Hainan. The ¢ flowers are lacking, but the holotype, which is the single collec- tion so far known, suggests Cnesmone, and it is quite unlikely that it may prove to belong to Tragia. As remarked in the original publication, C. hainanensis resembles Poilane 5493, holotype of C. peltata. The true affinities of this interesting species are still obscure. Sphaerostylis Baill. To dispose of the troublesome synonymy created by the reduction of Megistostigma to Sphaerostylis, and to reestablish the limits in this group of genera, the following new combinations and listings are required: Sphaerostylis natalensis (Sond.) Croiz. comb. nov. Tragia natalensts Sond. in Linnaea 23: 107. 1850; Muell. Arg. in DC Prodr, 15[2]: 942. 1866; Prain in Dyer, FI. Trop. Afr. 6[1]: 974. 1913. Tragtella eed (Sond.) Pax & Hoffm. in Pflanzenr. 68 [IV. 147. IX-XI]: 105, fig. 24, A-E. 1919. Sphaerostylis anomala (Prain) Croiz. comb. nov. Tragia anomala Prain in Kew Bull. 194. 1912; in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 6{1]: 975. 1913. Tragiella anomala (Prain) Pax & Hoffm. in Pflanzenr. 68 [IV. 147. IX-XI]: 106, fig. 24, F. 1919. Sphaerostylis Frieseana (Prain) Croiz. comb. nov. Tragia Frieseana Prain in Wissensch. Ergeb. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo Exped. 125, 1914. Tragiella sor ai Pax & Hoffm. in Pflanzenr. 68 [IV. 147. X—XI]: 106. 19 Prain has reduced ees to Tragia, apparently granting to Baillon’s genus a subgeneric or sectional rank (in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. 6[1]: 976. 1913) under the cryptic listing: “Tragia (Sphaerostylis) Tulasneana.” I cannot follow him, because the concept of generic limits he adopts in this tribe would tend to bring all its genera under Tragia. 1941] CROIZAT, THE TRIBE PLUKENETIINAE 431 Ramelia Baill. Ramelia codonostylis Baill. in Adans. 11: 132. 1874; Benth. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Plant. 3: 326. 1880; Guillaum. in Lecomte Not. Syst. 2: 376. 1913; in Arch. Bot. Caen 2[3]: 40. 1929; Pax & Hoffm. in Pflanzenr. 68 [IV. 147. IX—XI]: 108. 1919. I have not seen material of this rare shrub, which is strictly localized in New Caledonia, and, according to Guillaumin, is synonymous with Cleidion platystygma Schlecht. (in Bot. Jahrb. 39: 150. 1907). The lobes of the @ calyx form two series, as in Cnesmone, but the habit is not that of a climber. Ramelia, consequently, is not the same genus as Cnesmone or Megistostigma. Its phylogenetic significance is still unknown, and it may prove to be an ancestral form to both Sphaerostvlis and Megistostigma. It is certainly a very primitive form. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 432 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE Hil. IMPERFORATE TRACHEARY ELEMENTS AND XYLEM PARENCHYMA I. W. BariLtey AND R. A. Howarp With three plates WE HAVE shown in the second paper of this series (3) that there are salient irreversible trends of structural specialization in the vessels of the Icacinaceae which parallel those that occur in other families of the dicotyledons. These lines of phylogenetic modification are more or less closely synchronized and may be utilized in differentiating the Icacinoi- deae into successive levels of increasing structural modification. Bailey and Tupper (2) and Kribs (6) have demonstrated by statis- tical analyses of the dicotyledons as a whole that there are clearly defined trends of evolutionary changes in the imperforate tracheary ele- ments and the wood parenchyma of the secondary xylem. Althoug these cells tend in general to become more and more extensively modified with increasing specialization of the cambium and vessels, the rates of the various phylogenetic changes are not the same in all cases. Thus, in a specific family, the modification of the imperforate tracheary ele- ments or of the wood parenchyma may run ahead of or lag behind that of the vessels. It is of interest, accordingly, to study the types of imperforate tracheary elements and of xylem parenchyma that occur in the three major categories of the Icacinoideae which were differentiated in the second paper of this series. IMPERFORATE TRACHEARY ELEMENTS The length of the vessel members in the secondary xylem of dicotyle- dons is determined primarily by the length of the fusiform initials in the cambium. The elongation or contraction of the vessel members during tissue differentiation is so slight in most cases as to be statistically negligible, Bailey (1). On the contrary, the diameters and the cross- sectional area of the vessels are determined largely by the lateral expan- sion of the vessel members during tissue differentiation. The imper- forate tracheary elements of the secondary xylem commonly elongate 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE, II 433 more or less during tissue differentiation and, therefore, tend to be considerably longer than the vessel members and than the cambial initials from which they are both derived. The tangential diameters of the imperforate tracheary cells are determined largely by the cambial ini- tials. Therefore, conspicuous fluctuations in the cross-sectional area of imperforate tracheary elements are commonly correlated with variations in the size of the fusiform initials of the cambium. As we have shown in the preceding paper of this series and as is indicated in Table I, there is a progressive shortening of the vessel members and pari passu of the fusiform initials of the cambium with in- creasing structural specialization of the vessels in the Icacinoideae. If the amount of elongation of the imperforate tracheary elements were the same in all cases, the phylogenetic shortening of the vessel members would of necessity be closely paralleled by a concomitant decrease in length of the imperforate elements. It is evident, however, from the measurements listed in Table I that the elongation of these cells varies in different categories of the Icacinoideae. TABLE I MEASUREMENTS IN MICRONS Average length Average Average cambial length Elongation Categories of Icacinoideae sey imperforate imperforate essel tracheary tracheary eens cells cells I. Trilacunar ana scalarifor 1470 2490 1020 II. Trilacunar Icacineae: scalariform-porous 1050 2580 1530 III. A. Unilacunar Icacineae: porous 590 1600 1010 III. B-D. Iodeae, Sarcostigmateae, Phytocreneae: porous 470 870 400 In the group II Icacinoideae, the imperforate tracheary elements are on an average slightly longer than those of Group I. This is due to the fact that, although the cambial initials of Group II are conspicuously shorter than those of Group I, the imperforate tracheary elements elon- gate more extensively during tissue differentiation. In Group IIIA, the 434. JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII elongation of these elements is comparable to that in Group I, but the cells are much shorter owing to excessive decrease in the length of the cambial initials. In Group IIIB-D, the imperforate tracheary elements are very short due not only to a further decrease in the length of the cambial initials but also to a reduced elongation during tissue differentia- tion. It is evident, accordingly, that in the Icacinaceae, as in certain other families of dicotyledons, the specialization of the vessels must be of considerable magnitude before a statistically significant shortening of the imperforate tracheary elements becomes evident. Although the imperforate tracheary elements of the Group II Icaci- noideae are as long and have as large a cross-sectional area as the tracheids of Group I, they commonly exhibit a conspicuous reduction in the size of their bordered pits and in the volume of their lumina. In such genera of the Group I Icacinoideae as Anisomallon, Apodytes, Calatola, Cassinopsis, Dendrobangia, Emmotum, Oecopetalum, Pittosporopsis, Platea, Poraqueiba, and Citronella, the inter-tracheid bordered pits commonly attain maximal diameters of from 4—5u in the first-formed secondary xylem and from 6—8p in the later-formed wood. These pits have clearly defined borders in surface view and large conspicuous chambers in sectional view, Figs. 1 & 2. In the Group II Icacinoideae, bordered pits of comparable dimensions occur in certain species of Stemonurus and Cantleya, but less commonly, if ever, in Discophora, Gastrolepis, Grisollea, Gonocaryum, Lasianthera, Leptaulus, Medusan- thera, and Urandra. In the latter genera, not only are the borders of the pits more or less reduced in diameter, Fig. 3, but also the pit chambers frequently are flattened and thus are difficult to detect in sectional views of the bordered pits. In the Group I Icacinoideae, the walls of the tracheids fluctuate from relatively thin in Platea, Fig. 1, to very thick in Apodytes, Emmotum, Fig. 2, Ottoschulzia and certain species of Citronella. In the Group II Icacinoideae, with the exception of Gonocaryum and of certain species of Leptaulus and Stemonurus, the lumina of the imperforate tracheary elements are much reduced in volume or are occluded by excessive thickening of the secondary walls, Fig. 3. In the Group IIIA, in contrast to the Group I, Icacinoideae, the im- perforate tracheary elements of the arborescent and non-scandent frutes- cent species exhibit not only a marked decrease in length and in cross-sectional area, Fig. 4, but also a conspicuous reduction in size of the bordered pits. The latter trend of specialization is, however, less advanced in Merrilliodendron than in Desmostachys and Alsodeiopsis and particularly than in Mappia and Nothapodytes. In the last two 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE, III 435 genera, the bordered pits have been reduced to simple ones and the transition to libriform fibers is complete, Fig. 4. On the contrary, in those representatives of the unilacunar Icacineae having a scrambling or climbing habit of growth, as in the scandent Iodeae, Sarcostigmateae and Phytocreneae, there are reversals in the specialization of the imperforate tracheary elements which culminate in the formation of curious short tracheids. These tracheary cells are characterized by having relatively conspicuous lumina and numerous large bordered pits. They are most typically developed in the large-vesselled anomalous wood of Pleuri- santhes, Lavigeria and of various representatives of the Iodeae and Phytocreneae. Intermediate or transitional stages of their phylogenetic differentiation occur in Humirianthera, Icacina, Leretia, Rhaphiostylis, Map pianthus and Sarcostigma, as well as in the denser, smaller-vesselled parts of the stems of certain Iodeae and Phytocreneae. WOOD PARENCHYMA The terminology of wood parenchyma distribution has been and still is somewhat confused and unsatisfactory, and ultimately will have to be revised and clarified. Although a comprehensive revision should not be attempted until more adequate data are available, certain recently proposed modifications of the terminology should be discussed at this time. There are obviously two fundamentally different categories of wood parenchyma distribution. In the first of these, the distribution bears no specific relationship to the vessels, i.e. contacts between parenchyma and vessels are random and indefinite. On the contrary, in the second type, the parenchyma is definitely aggregated about the vessels. Chalk’s (4) suggestion that these two major categories be designated respec- tively as apotracheal and paratracheal is, therefore, deserving of careful consideration. Chowdhury (5) has advocated the term, initial, for use in contrast to terminal, and Kribs (6) has proposed two additional terms, diffuse-aggregate and banded paratracheal. If these suggestions were generally adopted, the following classification of types of parenchyma distribution would result: Apotracheal Paratracheal diffuse scanty paratracheal diffuse-aggregate banded paratracheal metatracheal confluent terminal aliform initial vasicentric 436 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. XxII Such a classification, however, is open to criticism from various angles. The term, metatracheal, was originally used by Sanio (7) for types of distribution in which the vessels are linked together by paren- chyma. To use this term for designating an apotracheal type of distri- bution reverses the original meaning and it appears desirable to replace it by banded apotracheal. To make diffuse-aggregate of coordinate rank with diffuse and to confine the use of the latter term to woods in which the wood parenchyma strands are completely isolated from one another is both unnecessary and unwise; woods are classified as diffuse porous regardless of whether the individual vessels are isolated or occur in small clusters. Diffuse-aggregate or preferably diffuse-in-aggregates should be used in designating one of several possible sub-divisions of diffuse. In the case of tropical woods, there frequently is considerable difficulty in differentiating banded apotracheal from terminal. The introduction of the term, initial, further complicates the difficulty. Terminal has been utilized from a descriptive or topographical point of view for parenchyma situated at or upon the margins of growth layers, regardless of whether it differentiates at the end or the beginning of a growing season. To interject a purely ontogenetic point of view at this time is inadvisable. Kribs’ (6) statistical investigations have demonstrated that the prim- itive type of parenchyma distribution in dicotyledons is diffuse and that the aggregation of parenchyma in apotracheal bands and in paratracheal patterns involve varying degrees of phylogenetic specialization. It should be emphasized in this connection, however, that the statistical data do not enable one to determine with certainty how the various paratracheal types have arisen from the apotracheal ones. This can be accomplished only by intensive investigations of a wide range of families. Recent unpublished investigations of this character indicate that (1) broad-banded apotracheal types arise from diffuse ones through various transitional narrow-banded apotracheal types, (2) in many families, vasicentric, aliform and confluent types originate from banded types, and (3) through excessive reduction, scanty paratracheal types may arise at various levels of the differentiation of both apotracheal and paratracheal types. Furthermore, these investigations indicate that there are many complex types of parenchyma distribution which are transitional between typical apotracheal and purely paratracheal types. These distributional patterns are so diverse and variable, not only in related genera and species but also within the limits of a single individual, that it seems unwise to develop a fixed and stereotyped terminology for their description. 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE, III 437 In view of such facts as these, we propose to use the following sim- plified basic terminology: Apotracheal (Chalk) Paratracheal (Sanio) diffuse scanty banded abundant terminal abaxial vasicentric The more complex transitional types of distribution will be referred to as such. For example, banded paratracheal will be regarded as a mix- ture of banded apotracheal and paratracheal just as diffuse may be associated with paratracheal, terminal with vasicentric, etc. Confluent and aliform will likewise be regarded as transitional or mixed types. Furthermore, the definition of confluent either should be revised or the term should be used in a purely descriptive sense without implication of origin from coalesced aliform. The distribution of the wood parenchyma in the Group I Icacinoideae is dominantly of the primitive diffuse apotracheal type, Fig. 5. The parenchyma is abundant and tends to occur in small linear aggregates of varying sizes, forms and orientations.. Where the parenchyma is reduced in amount, as in the small stems of certain herbarium specimens, there is at times a higher ratio of contacts between parenchyma and vessels than can be accounted for upon the basis of a purely random distribution of the parenchymatous elements. This tendency is much exaggerated in the wood of Emmotum holosericeum Ducke and certain exceptional species of Citronella, where the distribution is obviously transitional to scanty paratracheal and much of the parenchyma tends to be in contact with the abaxial surfaces of the vessels. In Poraqueiba, Fig. 6, and particularly in Ottoschulzia, there frequently are indications of transitions from diffuse (in tangentially linear aggregates) to narrow- banded apotracheal. The distribution of wood parenchyma in the Group IT Icacinoideae is transitional and highly variable. In Stemonurus, Discophora and Gonocaryum, the parenchyma is abundant and tends to be transitional between diffuse (in tangentially linear aggregates) and narrow banded apotracheal.* In Medusanthera, the parenchyma is transitional between these types of distribution and more or less irregularly banded types in 1For additional illustrations of these types of parenchyma distribution, the ntl is referred to Figs. 1-3 of the preceding paper of this series, Bailey & *See Fig. 6 of the preceding paper of this series. 438 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXII which the vessels are partly or completely jacketed by parenchyma, Fig. 9. In Cantleya*, Gastrolepis and Urandra*, the parenchyma is scanty paratracheal, but exhibits vestiges of its derivation from apotra- cheal, Fig. 10. In the wood of Leptaulus daphnoides Benth., the dis- tribution is transitional from diffuse to very scanty paratracheal, and the parenchyma tends to occur in contact with the abaxial surfaces of the vessels, Fig. 11. In small stems from herbarium specimens of L. grandifolius Engl., L. Zenkeri Engl., and Grisollea Thomassetti Hemsl., there are conspicuous arcs of aggregated vessels and parenchyma in the first-formed secondary xylem. However, this is not indicative neces- sarily of a similar distribution in the later-formed wood. Aberrant distributions of vessels and parenchyma are of not infrequent occurrence in young stems, particularly where growth is excentric or where tropis- tically induced arcs of gelatinous fibers are formed. The wood parenchyma of the Group III Icacinoideae occurs in vary- ing mixtures of apotracheal and paratracheal types of distribution and the ratios of the two types fluctuate greatly not only in different genera and species but also in different parts of the same plant. Merrillioden- dron is characterized by having very abundant apotracheal parenchyma, Fig. 7. It is transitional between diffuse (in tangentially linear aggre- gates) and narrow-banded apotracheal and occurs in association with paratracheal parenchyma which encloses the vessels, viz., vasicentric. Similar distributions of apotracheal parenchyma occur in certain repre- sentatives of Nothapodytes, whereas in others, as in Mappia, Fig. 14, and Alsodeiopsis, Fig. 8, the distribution is of a more or less irregular banded apotracheal type. In these plants, the associated paratracheal paren- chyma fluctuates between scanty and vasicentric. It should be noted in this connection, however, that there are certain species of Notha- podytes, e.g. N. dimorpha (Craib) Sleumer and N. pittosporoides (Oliv.) Sleumer; which are structurally divergent. Twigs from her- barium specimens of these plants are characterized by having fairly conspicuous growth layers and small vessels in relatively large irregular clusters. The vessels have conspicuous spiral thickenings and the parenchyma is much reduced in amount, occurring as fragments of bands and as scattered isolated cells. In our material of Desmostachys, Fig. 12, and of those unilacunar Icacineae which have a scrambling or climbing habit of growth, viz., Icacina, Humirianthera, Lavigeria, Leretia, Pleurisanthes, Fig. 15, Rhyticaryum and Rhaphiostylis, Fig. 13, there is a more or less con- 8See Fig. 4 of the preceding paper of this series. 4See Fig. 7 of the preceding paper of this series. 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE, III 439 spicuous reduction in the amount of banded apotracheal parenchyma. The associated paratracheal parenchyma tends to persist as the apotra- cheal is reduced, and thus there are varied transitions between mixed banded apotracheal and paratracheal types of distribution and others having a prevailingly paratracheal or vasicentric distribution. Such fluctuations are of common occurrence in different parts of the same plant, and it is difficult to characterize species or genera by specific types of parenchyma distribution. As the banded apotracheal parenchyma is reduced in amount, it tends to be replaced by shorter and shorter arcs of parenchyma, varying ratios of which are closely associated with the vessels. Under the latter circumstances, the paratracheal parenchyma appears to have winglike or aliform extensions, Figs. 12 & 13. This is true regardless of whether the vessels are completely jacketed by para- tracheal parenchyma or not. Similar unstable types of parenchyma distribution occur in the less specialized, small-vesselled parts of the stems of certain representatives of the Phytocreneae and the Iodeae, e.g. Mappianthus, Hosiea sinense (Oliv.) Hemsl. & Wils., Jodes liberica Stapf, etc. In the large-vesselled anomalous wood of these plants, as also of Pleurisanthes and Lavigeria, the parenchyma tends to be more dominantly paratracheal, Fig. 16, and occurs in association with much modified vestiges of banded apotracheal. In Sarcostigma and at times in certain of the Phytocreneae, the strands of wood parenchyma tend to be replaced by curious septate fusiform parenchymatous elements; true septate fibers do not occur in the sec- ondary xylem of the Icacinoideae. It should be noted, in connection with our discussion of wood paren- chyma, that the length of parenchyma strands and of fusiform paren- chymatous elements is determined by the length of the fusiform initials of the cambium. Therefore the reductions in the length of the vessel members and of the cambial initials in the Group II and Group III Icacinoideae are closely paralleled by concomitant reductions in the length of the parenchymatous elements. SUMMARY AND CONGLUSIONS The data presented in the preceding pages indicate that there are salient trends of morphological specialization in the imperforate tra- cheary elements and the wood parenchyma of the Icacinoideae which tend in general to parallel those that occur in the vessels. Although the phylogenetic modifications of these three categories of cells are not per- fectly synchronized in all cases, the differentiation of the Icacinoideae into three Groups, upon the basis of differences in vessel structure, 440 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII serves to segregate the imperforate tracheary elements and the wood parenchyma into three general levels of increasing morphological spe- cialization. In our Group I Icacinoideae, as in many other genera of structurally less modified dicotyledons, the primitive types of vessels occur in asso- ciation with typical large, more or less thick-walled tracheids. In the Group II Icacinoideae, the imperforate tracheary elements do not ex- hibit a reduction in length owing to their excessive elongation during tissue differentiation, but do show a conspicuous tendency towards re- duction in size of their bordered pits and towards a much exaggerated thickening of their secondary walls. In other words, the imperforate tracheary elements of this group exhibit evidences of a transition from tracheids to fiber-tracheids. In the non-scandent representatives of the Group IIIA Icacinoideae, the imperforate tracheary elements show not only a conspicuous reduction in both length and cross-sectional area, but also in the size of their bordered pits which culminates in Mappia and Nothapodytes in the formation of libriform fibers. In the scram- bling and climbing representatives of the Group IIIA Icacinoideae, as in the scandent Iodeae, Sarcostigmateae and Phytocreneae, there is a further reduction in the length of the imperforate tracheary elements and a tendency for enlargement of the bordered pits. These trends of specialization culminate — as in scandent representatives of a num- ber of other families of the dicotyledons — in the formation of curious short tracheids which resemble the vessels in having numerous, large bordered pits. The distribution of the wood parenchyma in the Group I Icacinoideae is dominantly of the primitive diffuse apotracheal type. However, the most highly specialized representatives of this group —i.e. from the point of view of the vessels — have parenchyma that is either transi- tional between diffuse and narrow-banded apotracheal, Poraqueiba and Ottoschulzia, or between diffuse and scanty abaxial paratracheal, Em- motum. The parenchyma of the Group II Icacinoideae fluctuates markedly in both abundance and distribution and exhibits several trends of specialization. In Stemonurus, Discophora and Gonocaryum, it is abundant and is transitional between diffuse (in tangentially linear aggregates) and narrow-banded apotracheal. In Medusanthera, it is transitional between these types of distribution and more or less irregu- larly banded types in which the vessels are partly or completely jacketed by parenchyma. In Cantleya, Gastrolepis and Urandra, the parenchyma is scanty paratracheal, but exhibits vestiges of its derivation from apotracheal. In the wood of Leptaulus daphnoides Benth., it is transi- 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE, III 441 tional between diffuse and very scanty, abaxial paratracheal. Most, if not all, of the Group III Icacinoideae are characterized by having more or less paratracheal parenchyma that occurs in association with varying percentages of apotracheal. In Merrilliodendron, Mappia and most species of Nothapodytes, the apotracheal parenchyma is abundant and is either transitional between diffuse (in tangentially linear aggregates) and narrow-banded apotracheal or is dominantly banded apotracheal. On the contrary, in the scandent or semi-scandent representatives of the unilacunar Icacinoideae, as in the Iodeae and Phytocreneae, the banded apotracheal parenchyma is exceedingly unstable both as regards its abundance and its distributional patterns. In Sarcostigma and in cer- tain of the Phytocreneae, there is a tendency to replace the wood paren- chyma strands by curious septate, fusiform parenchymatous elements. LITERATURE CITED 1. Barvey, I. W. The cambium and its derivative tissues II. Size varia- tions of eee: initials in gymnosperms and angiosperms. Amer. Jour. Bot. 7: 355-367. 1920. 2. ———— apace , W.W.. Size variation in tracheary cells. Proc. Amer. ee Arts and Sciences, 54: 149-204, 1918. 3. ———— anp Howarp, R. A. The comparative morphology of the aay ae II. Vessels. Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: 171-187. 1941. 4. L. The phylogenetic al of ee anatomical features of dicsee ends woods. Ann. Bot. N. S.1 of. 5. CHowpHury, K. AHMAD. aa inal and ee parenchyma cells in the ee of Terminalia Baeces W. & A. New Phytol. 35: 351- 358. 193 6. Kriss, D. "i Salient lines of structural specialization in the wood parenchyma of dicotyledons. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 64: 177-187. 1937. 7. Santo, K. Vergleichende Untersuchungen tiber die Zusammensetzung der Holzkorpers. Bot. Zeit. 21: 389. 1863. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES Pcate I. Fic. 1. Platea species. Y.U. 20201. Transverse section of thin-walled tracheids, showing three bordered pits in sectional view. > 1200 Fic. 2. Emmotum holosericeum Ducke. Y. U. 33816. Transverse sec- tion of thick-walled tracheids, showing bordered pits in sectional view 200. Fic. 3. Discophora panamensis Standl. Y.U. 12246. Transverse sec- tion of fiber-tracheids and parenchyma, showing pits with re- duced borders. > 1200. 442 - un nN N oo ‘Oo — cs —_ — nN wm JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xxm Nothapodytes obtustfolia (Merr.) Sleumer. Y. U. 29539. Transverse section of libriform fibers, showing simple pits. 1200. PiatTeE II. se pice dimidiata E. Mey. Y. U. 14833. Transverse section of the wood. Parenchyma distribution is diffuse-in-aggregates. x 50. Poraqueiba sericea Tul. Y. U. 19244. Transverse section of the w nchyma transitional between diffuse (in tan- prep iar haan es) and narrow-banded apotracheal. x 50. eel egies rotense santivehe Fe: 19468. Transverse section of the wood. Par a — is a mnixture of vasicentric pr diffuse-in- ae 50. . Alsodeiopsis Schumani Engl. O. U 5060. Transverse section of the wood. Parenchyma distribution is a mixture of banded apotracheal and paratracheal. 0 . Medusanthera samoensis (Reinecke) Howard. Y. U. ea Transverse section of the wood. Parenchyma distribution is mixture of irregularly banded Perici and apron eg x 50. . Urandra scorpiotdes (Becc.) O. Ktz Y. U. 16043. Trans- d verse section of the wood. fea eo is paratracheal an vestigial apotracheal. > 50. Prate III. . Leptaulus psoas etn Y. U. 19758. Transverse sec- tion of the wood. enchyma is scanty diffuse and abaxial paratracheal. 100. . Desmostachys Vogelii Stapf. Y.U. 15097. Transverse section al with w of the wood. arenchyma is scanty paratracheal with wing- like or aliform extensions of apotracheal. X 100. . Rhaphiostylis cordifolia Hutch. Linder 1218. Transverse sec- ion of a young stem. Parenchyma is scanty paratracheal pe vestigial apotracheal. 7 100. ; aa racemosa Jac Y. U. 12196, Transverse section of the w ren aed chine is scanty paratracheal and broad-banded baer 100. . Pleurisanthes fava Sand. N. Y. 590. Transverse section of a x 100. young stem arenchyma is paratracheal. . Llodes eee Bl. H. U. 2775, Transverse section of large- ] vesselled anomalous secondary xylem. Parenchyma is vasi- porte 100. BIoLoGcicAL LABORATORIES, HarvarRD UNIVERSITY. Jour. Arnotp Ars. VoL. XXII CoMPARATIVE MorPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE FULL-TONE——-MERIDEN Jour. Arnotp Ars. VoL. XXII . 5 tO Miss At aS be} Bt 2, str a yi eneess, U ( Wer x lee Hit Nees peters, DOM, 8;90 leccesas i an pO fom.) FY ah pay -¢ ia: Hh Hs 4 » Be & oc ‘i ne “hie mee } Ni es 4 i Ns Hite Baas eos Se. So et ey JF jos 5 iyne@) ih by ane pie Sete sad | . es0SS Fo noms ® i ae BP :ye08 eal eal ns ne ne sa 0it h ey: vs ‘a meg ni zt ni alia i ease Pe aati ata, an pall fel ies Pelt Jd ST ae 3° vant Wi 2 >) Bly ve s) pe. agit ih } q ja A io? pitts seth i Ree th eee peve ey i ad LBA a et / 3, bas bs ey Be i Pes! raat 9 74, ah ie: 20. : CoMPARATIVE MoRPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE FULL-TONE— MERIDEN PLATE 2 Jour. ArRNoLp Ars. VoL. XXII PLATE 3 pea PY OA4 On Zeger 2 we € { YSEY: 6 Onset Qe ry re) BY HRT ee Ae qi Ors 096, 96828 mh 56.0 Zot 4? PRY ig ; Suanes o=@ 1) a ( 201 My sre V, {' ee , TB , On Zed zg TESS “() Spry 3 : 1.) : va t: 1 Yo-A EG Co. 2, BRET Ye Ae. Ceo PASTY C4 38 ¥ Ra LJ Poly Xiex rar. = SY & rs Shit, See a de oe we ai ey 4 ALN, ey 4 g 4 4 \ ¥ a (Gages. a , @ ria ba) Meee *¢ x Bye" W . en Ea Ay Sy, a Go? evant 2 COMPARATIVE MorRPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE FULL-TONE— MERIDEN 1941] SMITH & NICHOLS, SPECIES HYBRIDS IN FOREST TREES 443 SPECIES HYBRIDS IN FOREST TREES E, CHALMERS SMITH AND CHARLES NICHOLS JR.* In any breeding project two steps are necessary in the initial pro- duction of superior individuals. The first step is the selection of superior parental types for crossing. The choice of breeding stocks is especially important in natural populations not subjected to artificial selection. The second step is the production of hybrids between the superior types to obtain favorable gene combinations resulting in hybrid vigor. The success of such a program in tree breeding is well illustrated in the selection and breeding of Hevea for rubber production (Bangham and D’Angremond, 1939). In most tree breeding projects less attention can be given to the initial selection because of the time involved, and favorable results must depend more on the increased vigor of the first generation hybrids. Such a program also involves adequate methods for vegetative propagation of the F, hybrids. In any comprehensive study of forest genetics the question of seed origin or provenance must play an important role. Recent papers dis- cussing current programs for forest tree improvement emphasize this point. It may be well to recall that while forest, genetics is a relatively new field of endeavor, provenance studies have been carried on since the first part of the 19th century (Langlet, 1936; Kalela, 1937). As far back as the middle of the 18th century Swedish foresters recognized the existence of distinct races or types in pine and raised the question as to whether these differences were entirely due to environmental condi- tions or whether some more fundamental differences were present. Credit for the first experimental approach to the subject of seed origin should go to De Vilmorin (1862). As early as 1823 he studied seed cultures using pine seed from different regions. From these ex- periments De Vilmorin was able to conclude that from pine seed of different origins one would obtain trees which were quite different in form and rate of growth. Throughout the 19th century provenance studies were carried out in Europe and particularly in Sweden where experience had taught foresters that seed of German origin produced inferior stands when planted in the more rigorous climate of Sweden. The general conclusion to be drawn from the vast number of experi- *Cabot Fellows for research in Forest Genetics. 444 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII ments on provenance is that seed of local origin is the best type to be planted in a given region. However, as Schreiner (1937) has pointed out, there are exceptions to this general rule and for this reason more complete data on seed origin will be of invaluable aid in any program of forest genetics. It is well known that among trees of a given area there may be differences in rate of growth, form, and resistance to disease or adverse environmental conditions. For this reason it is desirable from the point of view of forest genetics to make progeny tests from indi- vidual trees in order that the very best trees may be selected for hybridizing experiments. Simultaneously with investigations of seed origin and progeny tests actual hybridizing among forest tree genera, species, and varieties must play an important part in any program of forest tree improvement. It is only in comparatively recent years that this phase of the problem has been undertaken on a large scale. However, for over a century foresters have considered the production of entirely new types of forest trees by means of hybridization. Klotzsch (1854) was apparently the first investi- gator to report hybridizing experiments in forest trees. In 1845 he pro- duced artificial hybrids in pine, oak, elm, and alder and noted remark- able vigor in the hybrids. In 1891 Luther Burbank is reported to have produced the remarkable Paradox walnut, a hybrid between Juglans regia and J. californica. It was not until the early part of the 20th century that Augustine Henry gave new impetus to the idea of breeding forest trees. In 1914 Henry reported on artificial hybridization in ash, elm, larch, poplar, beech, and oak. Since 1914 many programs of forest tree breeding have been initiated in this country as well as in Europe. Worthy of mention among these more recent attempts are the chestnut breeding experiments endeavoring to obtain a blight resistant type, the poplar hybridization work of the Oxford Paper Company, and the work of the Institute of Forest Genetics in California which was undertaken in 1925. In planning a program of forest tree improvement it is well to con- ‘sider carefully just what improvements will be of most value. Increased vigor and rate of growth are commonly found in first generation species hybrids. This fact immediately suggests that rapidity of growth would be one of the primary aims in producing forest tree hybrids. However, there are other facts which must be taken into consideration. If a par- ticular forest tree is used exclusively for timber production then the quality of the timber in the hybrid is of utmost importance. Generally speaking, timber from the more rapid growing conifers is somewhat weaker and inferior to the timber from slower growing trees. On the 1941] SMITH & NICHOLS, SPECIES HYBRIDS IN FOREST TREES 445 other hand, in certain of the best hardwood timber trees, rapidity of growth tends to strengthen and improve the quality of the timber (Henry, 1914). Certain forest trees such as spruce and poplar are used largely for pulp and plastics. In such cases the strength and quality of the wood is of secondary importance. The primary aim would be the production of a rapid growing hybrid from which a merchantable crop could be obtained in a shorter period of time. Perhaps of equal importance in hybrid forest trees is the question of disease resistance. Plant breeders dealing with agricultural crops have always found disease resistance of primary importance. In order to realize that disease resistance is important in forestry it is only necessary to recall the fate of the American chestnut. Foresters are aware of this fact and intensive breeding experiments have been in progress in an attempt to produce a chestnut which is resistant to the chestnut blight and still retains all the desirable qualities of a good timber tree. The importance of seed origin studies and hybridization have been discussed briefly above. There is another phase of the problem which must not be neglected. Seed from first generation hybrids does not breed true. Therefore, in order to perpetuate any desirable hybrid, vegetative reproduction must be used. If vegetative reproduction can be used successfully the hybrids may be multiplied rapidly without wait- ing for the trees to mature and there is no danger of losing any of the first generation vigor or other advantageous characters. Vegetative propagation of most conifers and many of the commonest hardwood trees has been considered difficult (Thimann and Delisle, 1939). Extensive studies on rooting ability reveal the fact that with the aid of optimal concentrations of auxin and proper age of the trees from which cuttings are taken, most of the difficult species can be rooted. Cuttings from young white pine trees, 3 or 4 years old, root most suc- cessfully. However, not many cuttings can be obtained from a single tree of such an age and vegetative propagation is not yet possible on a commercially profitable scale. The recent discovery that colchicine may be used to double the chro- mosome number in plants makes this chemical a valuable aid to plant breeders. In cases where a species hybrid is sterile, the use of colchicine may double the chromosome number to produce a true breeding amphi- diploid with complete fertility. Colchicine may be of further value in forestry by producing polyploid forms of existing forest tree types. The polyploid forms are often more vigorous than the diploid forms from which they were derived. A study of natural hybridization is of value in showing the degree of 446 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXII species hybridization in various genera. The occurrence of natural interspecific hybrids in forest trees depends upon the realization of three conditions—that flowering times of the species coincide, that the genetic relationships between the species concerned be such as to permit cross- ing, and that the geographic distribution of the species coincide to some extent. These conditions are sufficient to account for natural hybrids in the case of dioecious species, however, isolation mechanisms such as self-sterility, protandry, and protogyny are required in the case of monoecious species. Protandry and protogyny are widespread in forest tree genera (Larsen, 1937; East, 1940). In regard to self-sterility Larsen has this to say, “The majority of our forest trees should not be classified for purposes of breeding with the absolutely self-sterile plants but ought rather to be included among those plants which normally are cross-pollinated but can by artificial means be rendered self-pollinated.” Due to the widespread occurrence of protandry and protogyny and the occasional occurrence of dioecious species in forest trees, natural interspecific hybrids are common. Among these the London plane, Platanus acerifolia (Ait.) Willd., the cricket-bat willow, Salix alba L. var. calva G. F. W. Mey., and the common linden, Tilia europaea L., are natural hybrids of considerable economic importance. Platanus aceri- folia, according to Henry and Flood (1919), originated in the Oxford Botanic Garden about 1670 as the result of a cross between P. occiden- talis L. and P. orientalis L. This tree is extensively planted as a shade tree in localities where neither parent can survive. Tilia europaea is widely planted and is valuable as a hardy shade tree. It is the hybrid T: cordata Mill. & T. platyphyllos Scop. Salix alba var. calva is recognized by Henry (1914) as a hybrid between S. alba and S. fragilis L. It probably originated at Norfolk, England, about 1700 and is used extensively in the manufacture of cricket-bats. However, Wilkinson (1941), on the basis of a cytological investigation of S. alba, S. fragilis, their varieties and hybrids concludes that S. alba var. coerulea (= S alba var. calva) is a variety of S. alba and not a hybrid. The occurrence of natural hybrids in the genera of forest trees and the success of artificial species hybrids provides some information of value in planning a breeding program, and at the same time indicates the relationships of the species in the various genera. The chromosome numbers also are of interest in respect to crossing diploid and polyploid species, and provide some indication of the probable success of the arti- ficial production of polyploids. The data on natural and artificial interspecific hybrids in sixteen genera of local importance are shown in table 1. Of these genera only 1941] SMITH & NICHOLS, SPECIES HYBRIDS IN FOREST TREES 447 one, Fagus L., has no interspecific hybrids reported. The table is based for the most part on the list of interspecific hybrids in tree genera pub- lished by Johnson (1939). Some additions and changes have been made. Crosses using varieties of species or hybrids which have not been assigned a specific name as parents have been omitted. It is unfortunate that in the original hybrid lists, the name of the authority for the species name was often omitted. Nevertheless, an attempt has been made to bring these lists into agreement with the system of naming used by Rehder (1940). The same authority was used for approximate number of species within the genera and for division of the genera into sub- genera, sections and series. Chromosome numbers were taken from the lists of Tischler (1927, 1931, 1936, 1938) and from various later pub- lications (Peto, 1938; Dillewijn, 1940; Duffield, 1940). In the case of Populus and Catalpa some chromosome numbers were taken from the work of Smith (unpublished). TABLE I ecciva Bt seh clam NATURAL ARTIFICIAL ee CROSSES ABIES 40 12 2 1 5 ACER 115 13,26, 39, 52 10 1 11 2 BETULA 40 14, 28, 35, 42 11 11 14 CARYA 20 16, 32 7 0 7 CASTANEA 10 12 6 10 8 CATALPA 10 20 1 1 2 Facus 10 12 0 0 0 FRAXINUS 65 23, 69 0 4 4 JUGLANS 15 16 7 8 6 Larix 10 12 6 4 9 PICEA 40 iz 4 3 6 Pinus 80 i 11 7 20 PopuLus 30 193-57 12 81 paid 2 QUERCUS 200 12 60 2 50 TILIA 30 41, 82 9 0 9 Uximus 18 14, 28 3 3 7 448 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII The genus Acer L. is divided into fourteen sections. The hybrids listed are the result of crosses between species within the section Plat- anoidea Pax and the section Spicata Pax, and crosses between species belonging to different sections as follows: Platanoidea < Campestria Pax, Campestria X Spicata, Spicata > Macrantha Pax. Most of the crosses occur between the sections Campestria and Spicata with only one cross between the sections Spicata and Macrantha. Chromosome counts up to this time, based on the examination of some seventeen species, show a polyploid series based on a reduced number of n= 13. Meurman (1933) finds that, on the basis of secondary association of chromosomes in A. platanoides L., the basic ancestral chromosome num- ber isn— 12. The genus is self-fertile as far as is known (East, 1940). The artificial cross A. rubrum L. < A. saccharinum L. has been reported by Freeman (1941). Both parent species belong to the section Rubra Pax. The genus Fraxinus L. is divided into sections and subsections. Johnson (1939) does not list any hybrids in this genus, but Henry (1914) reports seedlings from four crosses. Some of these were seen by Anderson in 1934 (Anderson and Whelden, 1936), at which time they were vigorous young trees. All four crosses occur between species within the same section of the genus, Fraxinaster DC. Two are crosses within the subsection Melioides Endl., and two are crosses between the subsections Melioides and Bumelioides Engl. The work of Anderson and Turrill (1938) indicates that natural hybridization does take place in the case of F. oxycarpa Willd. and F. Pallisae Wilmott. Of the six species for which chromosome numbers have been determined, five have the reduced number n = 23 while one species has n = 69. East (1940) reports no cases of self-sterility in this genus. Quercus L. is divided into three subgenera, the last of which is re- divided into six sections. Hybridization in this genus seems to be limited to species which belong to the same subgenus (Trelease, 1924; Johnson, 1939). In the case of the subgenus Lepidobalanus Endl., crossing occurs between species belonging to different sections, although most of this is limited to the section Prinus Loud. On the basis of chromosome counts of forty-six species, the genus has a chromosome number of n= 12. The Fagales and especially the genera Betula L., Fagus L., Castanea Mill., and Quercus are very protandrous, so much so that isolated trees bear almost no fruit, but there seems to be no difficulty in getting selfed seed by artificial pollination. All are self-fertile (East, 1940). The chromosome number in Fagus is 12, in Castanea 12, in Betula the base 1941] SMITH & NICHOLS, SPECIES HYBRIDS IN FOREST TREES 449 number is 14 but a polyploid series of 14, 28, 35, and 42 exists. These reduced numbers are founded on chromosome counts of one, two, and twenty-five species and varieties respectively. The genus Populus L. is divided into five sections, Leuce Duby, Leucoides Spach, Tacamahaca Spach, Aegeiros Duby, and Turanga Bge. Species hybrids within and between the sections Leuce, Tacama- haca and Aegeiros are known, although those within and between the latter two sections are the most common. Johnson (1939) states that there appears to be little limitation to species hybridization in this genus. Heimburger (1940) sees a definite limitation to species hybrid- ization based on genetic affinities which cause crossing to follow a series similar to the series aspens— silver poplars — cottonwoods — balsam poplars. Thus far no crosses involving species belonging to the sections Leucotdes and Turanga have been reported, but it seems to be possible to make any desired cross between and within the remaining three sections. Chromosome counts based on the investigation of thirty-six species and varieties of Populus show the reduced number in this genus to be 19. Occasional triploid forms are known within the section Leuce. One tetraploid form has been reported, but subsequent investigations show that n = 19 is the common haploid number for this species, al- though it is conceivable that it does exist in the tetraploid form. Dille- wijn (1940), on the basis of secondary association of chromosomes at pre-meiotic metaphase of the meiotic divisions, concludes that n = 8 is the real base number and that the genus is a secondary polyploid. The genus is dioecious as a rule. When monoecious trees appear they are self-fertile (East, 1940). Ulmus L. is divided into five sections. The reported hybrids occur between species in the section Madocarpus Dum. There is one excep- tion, the probable hybrid which Klotzsch produced in 1845 and reported as U. campestre X U. effusa. The parent species, if correctly given, here belong to the sections Madocarpus and Blepharocarpus Dum. re- spectively. Chromosome counts of thirteen species show the reduced number to be 14, with one tetraploid species. As far as is known all species within this genus are self-fertile but there is marked protogyny (East, 1940). The genus Carya Nutt. has a haploid number of n= 16, with some tetraploid species. These conclusions are based on an investigation of seven species. Juglans L. also has a reduced number of 16 based on counts of seven species. East (1940) has investigated all the common species of Juglans and Carya and finds them to be self-fertile, though tending to be protandrous. 450 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Tilia L. has one or more species known to be self-fertile, while a con- siderable amount of protandry is known in the Tiliaceae. In Tilia, chromosome counts on 12 species show the basic haploid number to be n — 41, with both diploids and tetraploids known in the genus. Catalpa Scop., of the Bignoniaceae, is a self-fertile genus (East, 1940). The haploid chromosome number in the genus is 20 based on the examination of three species. The genus Picea A. Dietr. is divided into three sections. The hybrids listed occur as the result of crosses both between and within sections, with more occurring between than within the sections. Pinus L. is divided into two subgenera, three sections, and ten series. With few exceptions hybrids occur between species belonging to the same series. There are no reported hybrids from crosses of species belonging to different sections or subgenera. The parents of most of the reported hybrids belong to the subgenus Diploxylon Koehne, section Pinaster Endl. Two hybrids are reported between species belonging to the subgenus Haploxylon Koehne, section Cembra Spach. In the genera of the Pinaceae considered here all the species thus far investigated have the reduced chromosome number of n= 12. This number is based on the examination of five, six, five, and twenty-one species respectively for the genera Abies Mill., Larix Mill., Picea, and Pinus. They are thought to be self-fertile though normally cross- pollinated (Larsen, 1937). The hybridization work at the Arnold Arboretum has been limited largely to Populus, Betula and Pinus. These genera are of value in reforestation projects particularly where the trees are to be used as a source of cellulose. The incidence of both natural and artificial hybrids shows that interspecific hybridization in these genera occurs readily. The technique employed in the hybridization of forest trees is essen- tially that employed in the breeding of any flowering plants. Schreiner (1938), among others, has published on methods of tree hybridization. However, each genus requires modifications of the general technique. Yanchevsky (1904) seems to have been the first to use a method by which flowering branches of Salix were brought into the greenhouse, flowered, and seed matured. Wettstein (1933) employed this method in Populus. he authors have also used this method in this genus, where it has proved most successful in the case of species belonging to the section Leuce. Crosses in other sections of the genus were more successful when made on the trees. Since pollen from all species of Populus may be forced in the greenhouse, the advantage of being able to overcome natural differences in blooming time is not lost when cross- ing must be done in the field. 1941] SMITH & NICHOLS, SPECIES HYBRIDS IN FOREST TREES 451 The forcing of pollen in the greenhouse may be used successfully in the case of Betula. Here sausage tubing may be used in place of the usual glassine bags when it is desired to cover a large number of small flowers on one branch. The best results were obtained when the ends of the tube were plugged with cotton wool, thus allowing for some aeration. Ulmus may be treated in a manner similar to Populus in that branches may be brought into the greenhouse and flowered, crosses made, and seed matured. The perfect flowers of Ulmus are small and difficult to emasculate. However, since the genus is strongly protogynous, crosses may be made without emasculation. This method was used successfully by the authors in certain crosses made in the greenhouses of the Arnold Arboretum in the spring of 1938. As the knowledge of flowering habits in forest trees grows, increasing use of protandry, protogyny, and self- sterility will simplify hybridization techniques. Isolated trees of dioecious species or of monoecious species which are strongly protandrous or protogynous may be used as a source of hybrid seed providing that trees of other species in the genus are flowering in the neighborhood. Accurate records on the blooming times of all trees in the vicinity will aid in determining what the male parents probably are. In the genus Quercus there are a large number of natural hybrids but very few reports of artificial hybrids. This must indicate that proper techniques have not yet been developed for this group. A similar lack of technique probably accounts for the failure to obtain artificial hybrids in the genus Acer. There is some evidence that an overabundance of pollen on the stigmas of female flowers in Juglans and Carya prevents crosses from being successful. Special techniques are needed in order that small amounts of pollen can be used when dealing with these groups. Very often a cross may yield a good set of seed but the seed may not germinate. In many cases this failure of germination may be due to an upset in the ratio of embryo size to endosperm size. This difficulty may be overcome by making use of the technique of embryo culture. If the embryo is removed from the seed at the critical stage and placed on nutrient media a healthy and mature plant may be obtained where ordinary methods of germination fail. Crosses between species of Pinus and other genera of conifers have been made, but the resulting seedlings are not large enough for critical study. The work on Pinus has been confined to the white pine species. The hybrids in the genus Populus are grown in nursery plots and are cut back severely to induce an abundance of lateral sprouts from which 452 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII cuttings can be obtained. These cuttings will provide the trees to be tested at the Harvard Forest in comparison with the parental species or with hybrids of known value. The authors have attempted a number of interspecific crosses in the genera Abies, Betula, Carya, Catalpa, Fagus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Picea, Pinus, Populus, Quercus, and Ulmus during the past three years. This work has been done under the Maria Moors Cabot Foundation for Botanical’ Research on trees growing in the Arnold Arboretum of Har- vard University. The following list of crosses represents part of the work done in the years 1938 and 1939. The resulting trees have been tentatively identified as hybrids. No attempt has as yet been made to compare the vigor of these young trees with that of the parent trees or with other hybrids, but the cross Ulmus Wilsoniana Schneid. « U. japonica (Rehd.) Sarg. seems to be more vigorous and more resistant to insect attack than is. U. japonica. Among the hybrids in the genus Populus, those crosses using the species P. Maximowiczii Henry as the female parent seem to be the most promising. Betula L. B. mandshurica (Reg.) Nakai var. japonica (Miq.) Rehd. B. lenta L. B. mandshurica (Reg.) Nakai var. japonica (Miq.) Rehd. X B. Maximo- icsianu ; B. mandshurica (Reg.) Nakai var. japonica (Miq.) Rehd. & B. nigra L. B, oo (Reg.) Nakai var. japonica (Miq.) Rehd. & B. popultfolia B, nandshuric (Reg.) Nakai var. japonica (Miq.) Rehd. & B. papyrifera B, are ae x B. lenta L. B. papyrifera Marsh. var. kenaica Seen Henry X B. mandshurica .) Nakai var. apie (Migq.) Rehd B. populifolia Marsh. X B. lent B. popultfolia Marsh. X B. isa Marsh. Populus L. P. alba L. var. nivea Ait. X P. deltoides Marsh. P. alba L. var. nivea Ait. X P. ade nopoda Maxim. P. canescens (Ait.) Sm. & P. alba L. loid P. canescens ( Ait.) Sm. & P. alba L. triploid P. canescens ( Ait.) Sm. X P. deltoides Marsh. P. canescens (Ait.) Sm. & P. tomentosa Carr. P. cathayana Rehd. X P. deltoides Marsh. P. cathayana Rehd. X P. laurifolia Ledeb. P. deltoides Marsh. X P. acuminata Ryd P. deltoides Marsh. X XP. canadensis Moench. P. deltoides Marsh. X P. nigra P, Maxtmowiczit Henry X P. delioides Marsh. —— ~ 1941] SMITH & NICHOLS, SPECIES HYBRIDS IN FOREST TREES 453 Maximowicsti Henry X P. laurifolia Ledeb. Maximowiczii Henry X P. nigra L. Maximowicsu Henry & P. tomentosa Carr nigra L. var. ttalica Muenchh. X XP. canadensis Moench. Sargentit Dode X P. acuminata Rydb. Sargentit Dode X P. deltoides Marsh. Tacamahaca Mill. * XP. canadensis Moench. Tacamahaca Mill. & P. deltoides Marsh. Tacamahaca Mill. & P. nigra L Tacamahaca Mill. X P. nigra L. var. ttalica Muenchh. Tacamahaca Mill. & P. Simoniti Carr. tomentosa Carr. X P. adenopoda Maxim. tomentosa Carr. X P. alba L. diploid tomentosa Carr. X P. alba L. triploid Ulmus L. xU. hollandica Mill. X U. japonica (Rehd.) Sarg. U. Wilsoniana Schneid. X U. japonica (Rehd.) Sarg. WN NNW TD LITERATURE CITED ett sa = AND C. M. W oe a (1936) Studies in the genus Fraxinu Jour. Hered. 27: a a B. TurRILL ose a studies on two popula- tions of ee New Phytologist 37: 172. BaNGHAM, W.N. anp A. D’ANGREMOND (1939) Tapping results on some new A. V. R. . Hevea clones which origin ated in cros pollinations. aaa voor de Rubbercultuur 23: 191-231. DILLEwIJN, C. vA aoe ie Sai Studien in der Gattung Popu- ] Genetica "22: 131- si i ih Fis (1940) oe counts in Quercus. Amer. Jour. Bot. East, = i (1940) The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 82: 449-518. Etwes, J. H. p A. HENRY (1913) Trees of Great Britain and Ire- land. Vol. 7 Edinbur gh. FREEMAN, O. M. (1941) A red maple, silver maple hybrid. Jour. Hered. 32: 11-14. Heimsurcer, C. (1940) Report on popular hybridization II. Forestry Chronicle 16: 149-160. Henry, A. (1914) The artificial production of vigorous trees. Jour. ept. ee and Tech. Inst. Ireland 15: 2-20. — anp M.G. Fioop (1919) The history of the London plane. Proc. Roy. cee Acad. 35: 9-28. Jounson, L. P. V. (1939) A descriptive list of natural and artificial interspecific hybrids in North American forest-tree genera. Canad. Jour, Res. 17: 411-444. Kaceta, A. (1937) Zur Synthese der experimentellen Untersuchungen uber Klimarassen der Holzarten. Com. Inst. Forest. Fenniae 26: 1-434. 454 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII Kiotzscu, J. F. (1854) Ueber die Nutzanwendung der Pflanzen- Bastarde und a Ber. Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1854: 535-562 LANGLET, O. (1936) Studier over tallens page Cie Variabilitet och dess Samband med Klimatet. Medd. fr. Sta Skogsforsoksanst. 421-470. (Translation No. 293 U. S. Forest Seem Div. of Silvics. ) Larsen, C. SyracH (1937) The employment of species, types, and individuals in forestry. Roy. Vet. and Agric. Col. Copenhagen rigtsd 1937. MeurMAN, ©. (1933) Chromosome morphology, somatic doubling 7 ape! west in Acer platanoides L. Hereditas 18: 145-1 Peto, F. (1938) Cytology of Poplar species and natural oe Canad rae Res. 16: 445-455. Reuper, A. (1940) Manual of cultivated trees and shrubs. 2nd Ed. MacMillan Co., New York ScHREINER, E. J. (1937) Improvement of forest trees. U. S. Dept. Agric. Yearbook 1937: 1241-1279. —. (1938) Forest tree breeding technique. Jour. Forestry 36: 712-715. THIMANN, K. V. ano A. L. DetistE (1939) The vegetative propaga- tion of difficult ae Jour. Arnold Arb. 20: 116-136. TiscHLer, G. (1927) Pflanzliche Chromosomes-Zahlen. Tabulae Bio- logica e 4: 1-83. ———. (1931) Pflanzliche Chromosomes-Zahlen. Tabulae Biologicae 7: 109-226. ———.. (1936) Pflanzliche Chromosomen-Zahlen. Tabulae Biologicae 12: 57-115. ———.. (1938) Pflanzliche Chromosomen-Zahlen. Tabulae Biologicae 16: 162-218. TRELEASE, W. Pals The American Oaks. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 1-255. t. 1-420. DE vnenere (1862) Exposé historique et déscriptif de I’ Ecole gina tiére des Barres prés de Nogent-sur-Vernisson (Loiret). Mem. Soc. Imper. Centr. d’Agric. France S. 1-61. Paris. WETTSTEIN- Ad Sldncalomtae! V.von (1933) Die Kreuzungsmethode und . Beschreibung von Fi Bastarden bei Populus. Zeitschr. Zuchtung. A. Pian nicicine ‘18: 597-626. WILKINSON, J. (1941) The cytology of the Cricket Bat Willow. Ann. Bot. 5: 149-167. YANCHEvSKy, K. (1904) On the peculiarities of the germination of the seeds of Aspen and of some species of Willow. (Russian) Proc. Imperial Forest. Inst. 11: 269-274. BioLoGIcAL LABORATORIES, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 1941) MERRILL, COSSON’S “ILLUSTRATIONES” 455 A NOTE ON THE DATES OF ISSUE OF THE FASCICLES COMPRISING COSSON’S “ILLUSTRATIONES FLORAE ATLANTICAE” 1882-1897 E. D. MERRILL As noted by Stearn* in his comprehensive consideration of the dates of publication of this important two-volume work, the inclusive dates for volume one are 1882-1890 and for volume two 1893-1897, pub- lication thus extending over a period of fifteen years. The only reason for the publication of this note is the fact that Stearns saw no fascicle covers, which carry the dates of publication and the in- clusive pages and plates of each fascicle. A second set of the work was recently acquired by the Arnold Arboretum, this fortu- nately in its original fascicle covers. In our bound library set the fascicle covers are missing, and this seems to be the case in most libraries; the chief reason for their non-preservation, other than the earlier and unfortunately common practice of discarding such covers, is probably due to the fact that the covers are of rather heavy bristol board and thus were not adaptable to binding. The following data are taken directly from the original fascicle covers: VOLUME I FASCICLE COVER STEARNS’ DATES DATES Fasc. I, pp. 1-36, t. z-25. Sept., 1882 Oct. 10, 1882 Fasc. II, pp. 37-72, t. 26-50. Aug., 1884 August, 1884 Fasc. III, pp. 73-120, t. 51-73. Dec., 1888 Jan.—Feb., 1889 Fasc. IV, pp. 121-159, ¢. 74-08. Oct., 1890 Jan. 10, 1891 VOLUME II Fasc. V, pp. 7-42, t. 99-123. Feb., 1892 April, 1892 Fasc. VI, pp. 43-82, ¢. 124-148. Nov., 1893 Nov.—Dec., 1893 Fasc. VII, pp. 1-6, 83-125, t. 149-175. May, 1897 July—Aug., 1897 ARN, W. T. Dates of publication of some floras of north-west Africa: Desfontaines’ “Flora Atlantica,’ Cosson’s “Compendium,” Cosson and Baratte’s “Tllustrationes,” Battander and Trabut’s eae ” Jour. Soc. Bibl. Nat. Hist. 145-150. 1938. 456 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. xxi While it is a well known fact that the printed dates on fascicle covers are not always the exact dates of issue, they are in general dependable. Here is a case where there is a rather remarkable agreement as to the dates of issue of the several parts as between the data taken directly from a set of the original fascicle covers and those derived from Stearn’s critical search of records and reviews. For fascicle two the dates are the same by both methods, August, 1884; fascicles one, three and six are about one month earlier than the dates as derived by Stearn; fascicle five is at most two months earlier; and fascicles four and seven are between two and three months earlier. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, Harvarp UNIVERSITY. JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM VoL. XXII OCTOBER, 1941 NuMBER 4 STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS FREZIERA CLARENCE E. KospuskI THERE has been considerable controversy over the name of this genus. By a vote of the committee of the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature (1935), it was decided to conserve the name Freziera, in preference to Eroteum or Lettsomia. The genus Eroteum was founded by Swartz (Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 85) in 1788 and two species, E. theaeoides and E. undulata were described. Three years later, Swartz elaborated upon this earlier description (still under the name of Eroteum) in Schreber, Gen. Pl. (ed. 8) 2: 807. 1791. However, in his Fl. Ind. Occ. 2: 971. 1800, Swartz changed the name Eroteum to Freziera in honor of a botanist who travelled in South America. He maintained the same two species under the names, F. “theoides” and F. undulata. Choisy (Mém. Soc. Phys. His. Nat. Genéve, 14: 109-110. 1855) observed that two distinct generic elements were being included under the genus Freziera and that, of the two original species described by Swartz, the first, F. theaeoides (generally considered the type) belonged to Thunberg’s Asiatic genus, Cleyera; the second species, F. undulata, represented the true Freziera. All the other species in this complex, described by various authors up until this time, were generically placed by Choisy. Since the publication of the work of Choisy, most botanists have accepted the name Freziera, and up until 1893, the majority of species were described under this name. In 1893, Szyszylowicz, in his treatment of the Theaceae for Engler & Prantl’s Nat. Pflanzenfam. combined Ternstroemiopsis, Cleyera and Freziera under the genus Eurya and designated them as sections. Urban protested vigorously (1896) and insisted that the four distinct entities 458 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx should be maintained as separate genera and as such has always treated his West Indian material. Still, in 1925, Melchior in the second edition of Engler & Prantl’s Nat. Pflanzenfam. listed Szyszylowicz’s sections as subgenera. As a result of the works of Szyszylowicz and later, of Melchior, the name Eurya, although belonging strictly to an Asiatic and Australasiatic genus, has been used by many botanists instead of Ero- teum, Lettsomia, or Freziera. Finally, thanks to a slight controversy between Sprague on one side and Fawcett and Rendle on the other side, the generic status, Freziera vs. Eroteum, was brought to the attention of the International Congress and by a vote of the committee the name Freziera was conserved relegat- ing Eroteum and Lettsomia to synonymy. In examining the relationship between Freziera and Eurya one cannot help being impressed, at first, by the similarity in the fruiting characters. The fruit are quite alike in appearance; both may have cell variation ranging from 3—4—5. However, the number of seeds differs in the two genera. In Eurya there are usually only 4-10 seeds in each locule while in Freziera the number per locule varies from 10-60. The flowers in Eurya are considerably smaller than those found in Freziera and offer slight characters for specific delimitation. In Eurya, the style is 3—4- or 5-parted according to the number of cells in the ovary. This partition of the style may vary from a slight separation at the apex to a complete separation to the base. The ovary is usually globose and contracts sharply at its juncture with the style. In Freziera the style is never parted and there is little constriction at the point of union with the ovary. The ovary is quite conic in shape and tapers evenly through an unparted style to the stigma. The petals in Eurya are imbricate, alternating with the sepals and are united for at least one-third their entire length. In Freziera the petals are usually free to the base, seldom united and if so, merely at the very base. In Eurya, the flowers are always dioecious; staminodia are seldom found in the pistillate flower and seldom are there signs of a vestigial ovary in the staminate flower. In Freziera, the flowers are dioecious or, as Urban puts it, gynodioecious. In the pis- tillate flower is found always a full series of staminodia. In the stami- nate flowers occurs a seemingly well developed ovary with distinct loculi and from gross appearance well developed ovules. Only a functioning stigma seems to be lacking. Urban maintains that this latter type of flower drops early from the branch, hence one does not know whether the ovary actually might function. It is these flowers which most stu- denis have in mind when they attribute hermaphroditic flowers to the genus. Urban infers that some species of Freziera may be hermaphro- 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 459 ditic. However, I have never found a single flower which I could defi- nitely state as being such. The persistent bracteoles at the base of the calyx-lobes in Freziera are extremely variable in the genus and play an important rdle in specific delimitation. In Eurya, these bracteoles are insignificant as characters. The leaves of all species in Freziera have “winged” petioles caused by a narrow continuation of the leaf-blade to the base of the petiole. This character is entirely lacking in all species of Eurya. In addition to the material deposited in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum (AA), specimens from the Gray Herbarium (G), the Field Museum of Natural History (FM), the Missouri Botanical Garden (MO), the New York Botanical Garden (NY), and the United States National Museum (US) were used in this study. Freziera Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 2: 971. 1800, in part; in Willdenow, Pl. 2?:1179. 1800, in part.— Humboldt & Bonpland, PI. Aequin. 1:22. 1808.—De Candolle, Prodr. 1: 524. 1824, in part. —Endlicher, Gen. Pl. no. 5412. 1840.— Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, 8: 326. 1847, in part. — Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, 14:120 (Mém. Ternstroem. 32). 1855, emend. — Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Pl. 1: 183. 1862.— Triana & Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 4, 18: 261. 1862.— Wawra in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12': 282. 1886.— Urban in Berichte Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 14: 50. 1896; in Bot. Jahrb. 21: 541. 1896.— Fawcett & Rendle in Jour. Bot. 60: 362. 1922. — Sprague in Jour. Bot. 61:85. 1923. —Internat. Rules Bot. Nomencl. ed. 3, 135. 1935. Eroteum Swartz, Prodr. 85. 1788, in part; in Schreber, Gen. PI. ed. 8, 2: 807. 1791, in part. — Baillon, Hist. Pl. 4: 256, 1873. Lettsomia Ruiz & Pavon, Prodr. 77, t. 14. 1794. — De Candolle, Prodr. 1: 525. 1824. — Endlicher, Gen. Pl. no. 5413. 1840. — Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve, 14: 123 (Mém. Ternstroem. $5.):1855. Eurya § Freziera Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. 6: 190, 1893. — Hieronymus in Bot. Jahrb. 20, Beibl. 49: 49. 1895. Eurya subgenus Freziera Melchior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam. ed. 2, 21: 148. 1925. Trees or rarely shrubs. Leaves coriaceous or occasionally mem- branaceous, usually lightly serrulate, occasionally subentire. Flowers dioecious or “gynodioecious,” in fascicles in the leaf-axils or on abbre- viated flowering branchlets. Bracteoles 2, opposite, at apex of peduncle, just beneath sepals. Sepals 5, imbricate, persistent, concave, the outer sepals varying from the inner sepals in size and texture. Petals 5, imbricate, alternating with sepals, unequal, usually free to the 460 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. Xx base. Staminate flowers: stamens 15-30 uniseriate; filaments adnate to the base of the petals; anthers linear or ovate-elliptic, glabrous, usually dehiscing to the base. Ovary free, glabrous, 3- or 5-celled, rarely 4-celled, attenuated into an entire style; ovules many; stigma non- functioning. Pistillate flower: staminodia less in number than the stamens, adnate to base of the petals or attached to the disk. Ovary and style as in ¢ fl., stigma the same number of lobes as cells in the ovary. Fruit indehiscent, conic-globose; seeds 10—50 in each cell, small, 0.5—1.0 mm. diameter. Typer species: Freziera undulata Swartz. KEY TO THE SPECIES 1. Leaves deeply cordate at base ......6.6.cccc0ccensees 1. F. cordata 1. Leaves rounded, obtuse or cuneate at base, not cordate .......... Z 2. Leaf-base decidedly unequal ............... cece cecececcceees 3 2. Leaf-base equal or if unequal, hardly perceptible ............... 11 3. Leaf- “margin PUTRI, ic os eee as hs yo oe be te ees 4 3. Leaf-margin des or subentire, not undulate ..............2. 5 4. Branchlets, petioles, peduncles and bracteoles covered with a persistent dense yellow-brown villous pubescence .... 2. F. hirsuta 4. tame only on very young growth, quickly becouse PURO oo oo baie 45-445 bas 4k eek ee eke ETRE 3. F. undulata 5. Leaves not over 2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide ............ 4, F. suberosa 5. Leaves over 10 cm. long and 4 cm. wide ..........0.00.00 eee 6. Branchlets glabrous or very lightly pubescent; calyx lobes ea UIE 464 oy cg oe aspera d by 9404) ea ia ee teste aad eeanenue 7 6. Branchlets covered with a tawny or ferrugineous pu- bescence; calyx-lobes (outer lobes, at least) pubescent .......... 8 7. Ovary and fruit 3-celled; stigma 3-parted; leaves sessile or if petioled, very slightly so ....................-. 5, F. angulosa 7. Ovary and fruit 5-celled; stigma 5-parted; petioles 1.5-3.5 ret | a 0, - ig One ag aa oe aa ee 6. F. Hieronymi 8. Flowers and fruit borne in fascicles on abbreviated flowe ing stems of more than a single year’s duration .. 7. F. ¢ nuatemalensis 8. Flowers and fruit in simple fascicles lacking a common “peduncle” 9 9. Pedicels a Po mm. long; ovary and fruit 5-celled SU SOTIEE. 6 i dae vee aneeken cas eeeesuss . F. ceuaieuls 9. Pedicels up 2 mm. long; ovary and fruit 3-celled ; on BIORIOE o.6ij eeu ge hee LTA ASS OEE REE CED AEREN TREE LENE REEN 10 10. Petioles 3-4 cm. long; lateral veins 25-30 pairs; bracteoles RITE ss 6s vege ad wen bene bane sees 9. ds Smithiana 10. Petioles ca. 1 cm. long; lateral veins up to 20 pairs; bra feoles apiculate saccvuxen essa ees eadsixaieseous 10. F. | agieaes 11. Petioles longest in the genus, 5 cm. long .... 11. F. Friedrichsthaliana 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 461 1 i. i. 1S, Kk . Calyx-lobes Sa a - a! with bracteoles which may _ \O — ‘oO Le) wm long . Leaves in cm. or less long, 5-6 cm. wide; petioles 1.0-1. PEUOIES NOL OVERS .S OO 4 6G ei bas ee are eRe aR 12 Leaves spathulate, generally rounded at apex .... 12. F. spathulifolia EAVES NOU SPAUINte oon ccacs ass edo aceeenote tah koe en 13 Leaf-base rounded, truncate or obtuse, not cuneate ......+-.+++- 14 Leaf-base distinctly cuneate and tapering .............0e ee eure 24 DE PUDRSCOE ea DP OU: a wis occa cts anew ioe eee eeem cede eae kamen hs . Calyx-lobes and aR a densely hirsute, tomentose or sericeous 20 . Leaves densely tomentose on under surface, very thick 13. F. longipes Leaves glabrous, glabrescent or lightly pubescent on under surface, not tomentose; chartaceous to subcoriaceous, not ac aes ee kk 4S es RA OR ee ee 16 ~ WERGIES C0 Ci, TONS oii dea sn ae oe ee ede ee CRA eee ean gars 17 po PetG eae 0. Che Gav k's ov sc ee eee eee ee eee eas 18 . Leaves 20-26 cm. long, 8-9 cm. wide; petioles up to 0.5 ¢ Pr ar er er Se eS SS 14. "F. calophylla 5 tray OS ee eek a a 2's SR a ee eee 15. F. nervosa ieee ca. 6 cm. wide; margin serrulate ............ 16. F. verrucosa . Leaves extremely wide, up to 10 cm.; margin subentire ......... 19 . Pedicels 2-3 mm. long ; leaves submembranaceous, less than 20 cm. long, obtuse or sea and short-acuminate at the 7. apex, 20 GF less Dats Of VEINS: cr iaisk ss cewee eas 17. F. in ie . Pedicels 7-10 mm. long ; feces heavy coriaceous, 22-29 c long, long-acuminate, 30-35 pairs of veins .......... 8 1 F. caloneura . Ovary and fruit $-celled; stigma J-parted 2.35 cccdasseccene cedars Zz) . Ovary and fruit 5-celled; stigma 5-parted ..............ceeeees Zo . Flowers and fruit borne in fascicles on colle flower- ing stems of more than one year’s duration ........ 19. F. lancifolia . Flowers and fruit in simple ramen ide a common gic (tle en nC ee er ee re ee 22 . Leaves 4-7 cm. long, 1.5-2.0 cm. wide, pubescent above hen very young (later glabrous), densely ferrugineous- tomentose below -. i¢¢e 4 yeen es ee eee ine 20. F. ferruginea . Leaves 13-17 cm. long, 4.0-8.5 cm. wide, glabrous above, pubescent: on midrib Below ven s45 44 ose eens ods 21. F. Grisebachi . Branchlets and leaves covered with a _ rufous-floccose fascictilate pubestence < 1c 2s caarwse came een eo es 2. F. arbutifolia . Branchlets and leaves covered with a simple pubescence 23. F. reticulata Mealy -1ODGS: SIAN POUS. i sd cee ee ee RS Oe AS Sa eo es 25 o(Galye-Obes DUbESCEnE 7... carps arene ee er ieee eV oe ea ie has 29 . Flowers sessile; leaves and branchlets densely rufous- 24 LOMENLOSE: fo core Re toe ear arsra © ccs . F. sericea . Flowers pedicellate; leaves and branchlets glabrous or sparingly pubescent at first, later glabrous .............0.-0-00s 26 462 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoOL. Xx hd nN . Plants glabrous throughout (except bracts at base of pedi- cel) ; leaves 8-10 cm. lon ng with 30 or more pairs of veins arranged in close SUCCESSION ........0cecsececcvees 25. F. Wawrai 26. Branchlets, leaves, petioles and pedicels pubescent at first, later glabrous; leaves 5-9 cm. long with 20 or less pairs OE WROR vc corsa dsne ese heseen cc yea obese eens ernnens cede ves 27 27. Leaves up to 10 cm. long, 2.5-3.0 cm. wide ...... 26. F. Karsteniana 27. Leaves 3-5 cm. long, 2 cm. or less wide ......... 0.00 cee eens 28 28. Leaves with 15-20 pairs of veins, in strict succession, ca. Wi. BORE ccc cu san cueece eas ee¥ ius cous ereaeedacnwnk 27. F. parva 28. Leaves with 6-9 pairs of lateral veins, laxly arranged and S58 tnlsen: We S Mit, GORlE ode eserves ve cavdeedew cea . F. euryoides oe. PUWere SOESUG onc ces cde vies ceeds Rivesatinentse 29. F. tomentosa 29s; UCWETS OOUIOIMIE ng oh 6s een d Ges 4044 Rea h eee eR eee 30. Flowers and fruit borne in fascicles on abbreviated flower- ing branchlets of more than a single year’s duration ............ 31 30. Flowers and fruit in simple fascicles, lacking a common MIE os Sn G00 bo oes 5 od pee ae OS OAM ORR ea EG ee aS 32 31. Leaves and branchlets covered with a dense short, erect pubescence, not one) appressed silky; longitudinal stria- ths BUSCUE OF IOAVEE asc ciciawca shies da Seeeses scons . F. lanata 31. Leaves and bra nickle covered with a silky sericeous pubescence; longitudinal striations on leaves ..... 31. F. roraimenstis 32. Flowering parts large for the genus; calyx-lobes 6-7 mm. long, 7-9 mm. wide; petals 11-12 mm. long, 6.0-8.5 mm. Se rks ae ah eset e eer es Pe eel ees ae ee Eee 32. F. canescens 32. Flowering parts normal in size; calyx-lobes not over 3-4 mm. long; petals considerably less than 10 mm. long ........ 33 33. Pedicels up to 5 or 6 mm. long, longer than the calyx- lobes; ovary and fruit globose; pubescence lightly seri- ceous ; veining pronounced on upper surface of leaves 33. F. candicans . Pedicels 1-3 mm. long, usually shorter than calyx- ign ovary and fruit conic; pubescence densely sericeous ; ing rather inobscure on upper surface of leaves .. 34. "E. ger Tn eS) Ww 1. Freziera cordata Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 8: 334. 1847.— Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve 14: 112. 1855. — Urban in Bot. Jahrb. 21: 541. 1896.— Duss, Fl. Phan. Antill. Frang. 96. 1897. Eurya cordata Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ITI. 6: 190. 1893. — Melchior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 149. 1925. DIsTRIBUTION: West Indies (Martinique) and ? Venezuela. MarTINIQUE: Montagne Pelée, environs du lac des Palmistes, alt. 900-1200 m., Pére A. Duss 72 (MO, NY, US), 576, 4039, 1882-1899 (arbuste droit, ou tortueux, ou presque sans tige et a branches touchant presque la terre). 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 463 VENEZUELA: Maracaibo, A. Plée s.n. (tyPE, Paris, Mus d’Hist. Nat.; photo FM). This species is characterized by the large (up to 13 cm. long and 7 cm. wide), coriaceous, cordate leaves, the veins (ca. 20 pairs) deeply im- pressed on the upper surface, highly raised on the lower surface. The lateral veins are unusually large. At the base, the midrib is quite thick but decreases in size as it approaches the apex. The veins appear as part of a huge cable (midrib) at the base. As they approach the apex, the veins seem to detach themselves and swing toward the sharply serrate margin. The comparatively large flowers on short pedicels (2-3 mm.) are nearly obscured by the leaf-auricles. The calyx-lobes, at first covered with a dense fulvous pubescence, become glabrescent, are quite rotundate (6mm. X 6 mm.). The five petals are approximately 1 cm. long and the stamens number ca. 15. The ovary is conic-ovate, tapering into the style and finally terminated by a 3-parted stigma. The type of F. cordata was supposedly collected at Maracaibo, Vene- zuela, by A. Plée. Except for this single collection, all other specimens have been collected from Mt. Pelée on the island of Martinique. The collector and student Pére A. Duss gives the impression that the species is endemic to Mt. Pelée. Since A. Plée collected in Martinique as well as several other West Indian Islands, I feel quite certain the type was collected from the same locality visited by Pére Duss — which may be tragic — for a brief note on a specimen in the New York Botanical Garden, “cette belle plant a du disparaitre sous les laves,” may mean that the whole species was destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Mt. Pelée in 1902. 2. Freziera hirsuta Smith in Rees, Cyclop. 15: no. 4. 1810. Freziera undulata var. 8 hirsuta Urban in Bot. Jahrb. 21: 543. 1896. DISTRIBUTION: West Indies (St. Vincent, Grenada). St. VINCENT: in monte Soufriére, H. Eggers 6908 (AA, G) January 10, 1890. GreNapA: Mt. St. Catharine, alt. 750 m., H. Eggers 6189 (AA, US), December 1889 (tree 20 ft. with white flowers). — St. Georges, Grand Etang woods, W. E. Broadway s.n. (G, MO, NY). This species resembles F. undulata Swartz in the obovate-oblong leaves (up to 10 cm. long; 2.5—4 cm. wide), the undulate margin and small flowers. Separating it from F. undulata and the var. elegans is the dense, persistent, yellow-brown, villous pubescence found on the branches, petioles, peduncles and bracteoles. This species has been recorded as ranging throughout the lesser dot JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. xx Antilles up into Cuba. However, since it has been so often confused with F. Grisebachii and F. undulata, it seems best to restrict its range until actual specimens representing this species have been examined from the islands formerly recorded. 3. Freziera undulata (Swartz) Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 2: 974. 1800. — Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 2?: 1179. 1800.— Smith in Rees, Cyclop. 15: no. 2. 1810.— De Candolle Prodr. 1: 524. 1824. — Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2: 596. 1825.— Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 65. 1835.— Urban in Bot. Jahrb. 21: 542. 1896. — Duss, Fl. Phan. Antill. Frang. 97. 1897. — Boldingh, Fl. Eustatius, Saba and St. Martin, 1: 134. 1909; Fl. Nederl. West-Indische Eil. 286. 1913. Eroteum undulatum Swartz, Prodr. 85. 1788.— Vahl, Symb. 2: 61. 1791. Eurya undulata Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 105. 1856.— Szyszy- lowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. 6: 190. 1893. Freziera Perrottetiana Tulasne in Ann. Sci, Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 8: 332. 1847, fide Urban. Freziera salicifolia Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve 14: 122. 1855. Freziera salicifolia Choisy var. undulata (Swartz) Wawra in FI, Bras. 12!: 283. 1886. DISTRIBUTION: West Indies (St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Dominica, Trinidad, Saba, Montserrat). St. Kitts: Masson s.n. (probably isotype, G).— Mountains above Lamberts, alt. 600 m., H. Eggers s.n. (US), Dec. 1882 (high tree). — Upper slopes of Mt. Misery, V. L. Britton & J. F. Cowell 507 (NY, US), Sept.—Oct. 1901. Dominica: in silvis ad Lagunam Roseau, alt. 1000 m., H. Eggers ed Toepffer 632 (G), Dec. 1881.— Hb. Hooker sm. (NY). Trrnipap: Sieber 113 (G, NY). Martinique: M. Hahn 119 (G), Feb. 1868.— Bois de la Calebasse et du Champflore, alt. 500-700 m., Pére A. Duss 71, 644, 4040 (NY, US), 1879-1899 (petit arbor elégant).— Bois du Matouba, alt. 600-900 m., Pére A. Duss 2988 (NY, US), 1892, (petit arbor, droit ou tortueux). MONTSERRAT: Gages, near Soufriére, J. A. Shafer 195 (NY, US), Jan. 23, 1907 (tree 4—5 m. with white fls., “mountain parrot”). Saba: mountains, alt. 800 m., J. Boldingh 2211B (NY), 1906. This species is quite widely distributed throughout the Lesser Antilles. It is closely allied to F. hirsuta but is pubescent only on the very young or new growth, quickly becoming glabrous. The flowers are short-pedicellate. Characterized by oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, undulate margined leaves, unequal at the base, 5-15 cm. long and 2—4 cm. wide, the veins elevated on the upper surface. Flowers axillary, 2—5 per fascicle. 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 465 Pedicels ca. 4 mm., bracteoles obtuse, + 1.5 mm. long and wide. Calyx- lobes 5, rounded, subequal, 1.5—2.0 mm. long, ca. 1.5 mm. wide. Petals 5, acuminate, white, 5-6 mm. long. Stamens ca. 20, the filaments 1.0-1.5 mm. long, the anthers 1.2—-1.7 mm. long, ovary ovate, 3-locular, attenuated into style. Style 1.5-2.0 mm. long, about equalling the ovary in length, entire, crowned by a 3-parted stigma. Fruit globose or ovoid-conic, 3a. Freziera undulata Swartz var. elegans (Tulasne) Krug & Urban in Bot. Jahrb. 21: 543. 1896. Freziera elegans Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 8: 336. 1847. — Walpers, Ann. 1: 119. 1848. Cleyera coins Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, 14: 110, 1855. DISTRIBUTION: West Indies (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Dominica). GUADELOUPE: Lac Flammarion near Soufriére, humid transitional forest, very windy, alt. 1100 m., H. Stehlé 460 (NY), April 22, 1936 (very rare); 1517 (US), Feb. 8, 1937.-—Savane a Mulets et Savane aux Ananas, alt. 900-1000 m., Pére A. Duss 3426 (NY, US), 1894 (1.5-2.5 m. tall). MARTINIQUE: Pitons-du-Carbet, montagne Pelée, Pére A. Duss 644a (NY, US), 1882 (small tree or large bush, rare). Dominica: Trois Pitons, F. E. Lloyd 756 (NY), 1903. The variety is characterized by the leaves being smaller, more deli- cately patterned, elliptic, and narrower than in the type of the species. The leaves are equal or nearly equal at the base, and are seldom over 8 cm. long. In the 6 flowers the bracteoles are about 1.8 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide and scarious margined. The five sepals are a little larger, about 2 mm. or more long and nearly as wide, ciliolate. The five petals are quite uniform in size measuring ca. 6.0 3.5 mm., acuminate at the apex, involute. The stamens (15—20) have filaments 1.2—1.7 mm. long and anthers 2.1-2.7 mm. long. Both the filaments and anthers are somewhat longer than those found in the species. The ovary is conic- ovate and tapers directly into the style with no point of differentiation. Many ovules are to be found in the three cells of the ovary, which, as far as I can see, never develops. Urban suggests that the ¢ flowers drop soon after the pollen is developed. The stigma is closed rather than spreading as in the @ flowers and lacks a papillose, stigmatic surface. The @ flowers are similar to the ¢ flowers except that the staminodia are undeveloped, with hardly any distinction between filament and anther. The ovary tapers into the style which is crowned by a 3-parted stigma. 466 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xxI 4, Freziera suberosa Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 8: 330. 1847. — Triana & Planchon, op. cit., sér. 4, 18: 264. 1862. Eurya suberosa Sie ) Szyszylowicz in “ne & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam. III, 6: 190. 1893. — Melchior in Engler & Prantl, op. cit., ed. 2, 21: 149. 1925. DIsTRIBUTION: South America (Colombia). Cotomsia: Dept. Tolima, Andes Mts., J. Goudot s.n. (photo and fragment of typE, FM), 1844 Freziera suberosa is characterized by a hirsute, fissured, corky bark. The leaves are small (2.5 1.0 cm.), elliptic-oblong, widely revolute, obtuse at the apex, unequal at the base, glabrous above (even when young) except for the midrib which is tawny pubescent nearly the whole length, densely sericeous below; the petiole scarcely 2 mm. long, hirsute. Since only a fragment of leaves and branchlets were available for study, the description of flower and fruit of the original author must suffice. The @ flowers axillary very often solitary, large, the peduncles long, hirsute; bracteoles subopposite, coriaceous, hirsute, keeled on the dorsal surface, fulvous; calyx-lobes 5, ovate-rotundate, coriaceous, con- cave, fulvous, 7-8 mm. long and 5—7 mm. wide; petals 5, glabrous ovate- rounded, imbricate in bud; staminodia 15-18 in a single series glabrous; ovary conical, 3-4 celled, glabrous, tapering into a short rigid style, which is terminated by 3 or 4 stigmas. Fruit globose, conic. The very small leaves separate this species from all other known species of the genus. Tulasne and also Triana & Planchon compare the leaves of this species to those of Buxus sempervirens. The flowers are very large for the genus. The species must be rare. It seems, judging from the material deposited in American herbaria, to have been collected only once. 5. Freziera angulosa Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 8: 332. 1847. Eurya ges agi a ee ) Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam. III m4 893. — Melchior in Engler & Prantl, op. cit. ed. 2, 21: 149. DIsTRIBUTION: South America (Bolivia). Boutvia. Dept. La Paz: Vicinity of Coroico, Pentland 105 (photo of type, FM), 1839. — Mapiri, A. M. Bang 1489 (AA, G, MO, NY, US), July—Aug. 1892.— Mapiri, alt. 600 m., G. H. H. Tate 476 (NY), Mar.—Apr. 1926.— Copacabana, about 10 km. south of Mapiri, alt. 850-950 m., B. A. Krukoff 11035 (AA, NY), Oct.—Nov. 1939 (tree 24 m.).— Valley of Tipuani, H. A. Weddell sn. (FM) 1851.— Ticunhuaya, alt. 1500 m., G. H. H. Tate 1105 (NY), Apr. 1926. 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 467 Branchlets angled, pubescent at first, later glabrous, leaves elliptic- oblong, coriaceous, 10-20 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, decidedly unequal and rounded at base, subsessile, shining, glabrous (pubescent below, at first), the margin lightly serrulate, the veins prominent on both surfaces. Flowers 4—6-fasciculate, axillary; pedicels very short (1-2 mm.), sericeous; bracteoles 2, deltoid, sepaloid, ca. 2.5 mm. long and wide, pubescent; calyx lobes 5, imbricate, concave, suborbicular, glabrous, ca. 4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, the margin scarious; petals 5, ca. 6 mm. long, unequal, width 3-5 mm.; stamens ca. 20, ca. 3.5 mm. long, the filaments 2 mm. long, the anthers linear, flat, 1.5 mm. long; ovary conic, tapering into brief style, 3-celled, multi- ovulate. Fruit globose, 5-6 mm. diam., 3-celled, many-seeded. Like F. Hieronymi, this species is characterized by glabrous, angled branchlets, soon becoming terete. Also, in both species, the leaves are unequal at the base, more pronounced in F. angulosa. However, in F. Hieronymi the leaves are long-petioled (1.5—2.0 cm.) while in this species the leaves are sessile, or, if petioled, very slightly so. For some unknown reason, most herbarium material of this species has been identified as F. subintegrifolia and as such has generally been known. Whereas the leaves in this species are sessile or subsessile, the leaves in F. subintegrifolia are long-petiolate (2.5-3.0 cm. long), and much wider (up to 10 cm.). These two characters will immediately separate the two. 6. Freziera Hieronymi Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 355. 938 Eurya nitida Hieronymus in Bot. Jahrb. 20, Beibl. 49: 50. 1895. — Melchior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 149. 1925.— Non Korthals (1840). DISTRIBUTION: South America (Colombia). Cotomsia: Prov. Antioquia, between Yolombé and Cancan, alt. 1500-2000 m., F. C. Lehmann CCXVIII (isotype of Eurya nitida Hieronymus, US; photo of Berlin type, G, FM), Sept. 1884.— Exact locality missing, J. C. Mutis 4445 (US), 4600- (US), 4625 (FM, US). Because of the existence of an earlier homonym, Eurya nitida Korthals (1840), a new name, Freziera Hieronymi was used when the transfer to Freztera was made in 1938. At that time, the name was erroneously recorded ““Hieronyma” instead of Hieronymi as listed above. This species is characterized by glabrous young branchlets, angled and narrowly subalate at first, finally becoming subterete. Leaves oblong- ovate, coriaceous, ca. 13-14 cm. long and 6—7 cm. wide, abruptly acumi- 468 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. xxi nate at the apex, unequal and subrotund at the base, the margin serrate, the veins raised and reticulate on both surfaces, shining and glabrous above, pubescent on the veins below; petiole 1.5—2.0 cm. long, canalicu- late, winged. Flowers axillary, the fascicles 2—5-flowered, shortly pedicellate (1—2 mm. long, sericeo-pubescent to subglabrous), the bracteoles 2, suborbicu- lar, ca. 2 mm. long, glabrous, the calyx-lobes 5, orbicular, ca. 2.5 cm. long, glabrous. According to Hieronymus (herbarium material in bud of fruit), the petals are crassulate, ovate, ca. 4-5 mm. long, glabrous, the stamens 10, with the anthers a trifle shorter than the filaments, the ovary glabrous, conic-ovoid 5-loculate, attenuated at the apex into a short style topped by a 5-parted stigma. This species can be separated from F. nervosa by the angled, winged young branchlets, the 5-celled ovary, and the shining, coriaceous leaves. Mutis 4625 varies from the other specimen in having ovate-lanceolate leaves. 7. Freziera guatemalensis (Donn. Sm.) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 354. 1938. Eurya guatemalensis Donnell Smith in Bot. Gaz. 46: 109, 1908. — Standley in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 8: 317. 1931. DiIsTRIBUTION: Central America (Guatemala, Republic of Hon- duras). GUATEMALA: Dept. Alta Verapaz, Coban, alt. 1350 m., H. von Tuerckheim II 1824 typE (FM, G, MO, NY, US), June 1907. — Dept. San Marcos, near Finca E] Porvenir, alt. 1400-1700 m., J. A. Steyermark 37049, 37272 (FM), Mar. 1-8, 1940 (flowers creamy; “‘durazno de monte’). Honpuras: in forest near the summit of the range above El Alchote, in cloud zone, above the plains of Siguatepeque, alt. 1800 m., T. G. Yuncker, R. F. Dawson & H.R. Youse 6161 (FM, MO, NY, US) July 28, 1936 (small tree 4.5 m.; fls. white, fleshy; leaves shiny green above, brown-wooly beneath). This species is characterized by Donnell-Smith as having lanceolate leaves, shining above, ferrugineous-tomentose beneath, acuminate at the apex, unequal, acute or subacute at the base, the margin entire. The flowers pedicellate, in fascicles, on a common peduncle. This applies very well for the type. However, later collections (Steyermark 37049 and 37272) show the margins to be serrulate as well as entire, and the tomentose pubescence to be tawny, as well as ferrugineous. The two nearest relatives are F. candicans and F. lancifolia. Freztera candicans, like F. guatemalensis, possesses both entire and serrulate 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 469 leaves but it lacks the abbreviated peduncle in the inflorescence, has an equilateral leaf-base and a conspicuous, more delicate pattern of veining on the upper surface of the leaf. Freziera lancifolia, also like F. guate- malensis, has the abbreviated “flowering branch” or common peduncle. This is not as well developed in the latter species but careful examination shows an initial development. However, F. lancifolia differs from F. guatemalensis in having the under surface of the leaves nearly glabrous, a rounded and equilateral leaf-base and the pedicels considerably longer. 8. Freziera macrophylla Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 8: 42. 350,018 Eurya ala ha Se ; 1 cle pantie in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam. III. 6 — Melchior in Engler & Prantl, op. cit., ed. 2, 21: 148. ioe DIsTRIBUTION: Mexico (Oaxaca). Oaxaca: Locality lacking, D. Franco s.n. (photo of type, FM), 1842. — Teotalongo, C. Liebmann 337, in part (FM, US), Nov. 1842. Freziera macrophylla, rightfully named because of its large leaves, reaches the northernmost range on the American continent. No other species of Freziera, except those in the West Indies, extends so far north. Besides the type, one other collection Liebmann 337, in part, has been collected in Oaxaca. About this latter number, there is some uncertainty. The uncertainty lies in the collector’s number, not in the species. In several herbaria, are representatives of Liehmann 337 which belong to Cleyera cernua supposedly collected at La Lagume in August 1842. Liebmann 337 cited here under Freziera macrophylla is questionably labeled ‘‘?Teotalongo 11.42.” Branchlets and leaves (under surface) are covered with a very short, appressed, tawny pubescence. The leaves are linear-oblong, 20-25 cm. long and 5—6 cm. wide, acuminate at the apex, rotund and unequal at the base, glabrous above (except for a line of tawny pubescence extending along the entire midrib), short appressed tawny pubescent below, the primary veins sharply elevated below, 20-25 pairs, the margin plane, serrate, the petiole winged, about 1 cm. long, pubescent. Flowers axil- lary, fasciculate (4-6), shortly pedicellate (2-4 mm.), the bracteoles broadly ovate, ca. 1.5 mm. long, obtuse at the apex, pubescent, coria- ceous; calyx-lobes 5, suborbicular, imbricate, coriaceous, 3—4 mm. long, the outer lobes pubescent on the dorsal surface, the inner ones glabrous; petals 5, glabrous, imbricate in the bud, broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, twice as long as the calyx-lobes; stamens ca. 15 (not seen), unequal, adnate to the base of the corolla. According to Tulasne, the ovary is glabrous, 5-celled, the fruit is globose, 5-celled, multi-ovulate. 470 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII 9. Freziera Smithiana, sp. nov. Arbor ramulis teretibus brunnescentibus hornotinis dense fulvo- pilosulis, probabiliter mox glabrescentibus. Folia oblongo-ovata, coriacea, 20-24 cm. longa et 6.0—8.5 cm. lata, supra glabra (juventate fulvo-pubescentibus), subtus pubescentia, apice abrupte acuminata, basi subrotundata, distincte inaequalia, costa supra canaliculata, subtus Ca. 3 mm. elevata, venis lateralibus 25-30 paribus undique prominentibus reticulatis margine serrulata, petiolis 3-4 cm. longis pubescentibus, alatis involutis. Flores axillares, 5—7-fasciculati; pedicelli fulvo-pubescentes, ad 7 mm. longi, apice bracteolis 2 oppositis sepaloideis suborbicularibus concavis dense fulvo-sericeis ca. 3 mm. longis latisque; sepala 5, imbri- cata, inaequalia, subrotundata, concava, dense hirsuta, exterioribus 5—6 mm. longis et ca. 5 mm. latis, margine anguste scariosis, interioribus ca. 6 mm. longis et ca. 5 mm, latis, margine 1.5 mm. scariosis; petala 5, imbricata, inaequalia, ca. 9 mm. longa et 6-7 mm. lata, apice sub- rotundata; stamina ca. 25, uniseriata, 3-4 mm. long, filamentis ca. 1 mm. longis claviformibus, antheris linearibus ca. 3 mm. longis apiculatis; ovarium (2 fl.) ca. 5 mm. longum, basi 2 mm. diam., ad apicem attenuatum, tri-loculare, multo-ovulatum. Fructus ignotus. DiIsTRIBUTION: South America (Colombia). Cotompia: Dept. Santander, vicinity of Las Vegas, Eastern Cor- dillera, in thickets, alt. 2600-3000 m., E. P. Killip & A.C. Smith 15915 (AA, TYPE; G, NY, US), Dec. 1926 (tree). The leaves of this species are very distinctive. Such features as the large size, the large number of showy lateral veins, the cross reticula- tions on the under surface, the tawny pubescence on both surfaces when very young, the long sturdy petiole and the difference of 8-10 mm. of the leaf-sides at the base cause this species to stand out from all others. The dense tawny pubescence on the pedicel, bracteoles and calyx, all are features of distinction. The absence of lenticels on the branchlets is an unusual feature. No pistillate flowers or fruit were available for study. This species is named for Dr. A. C. Smith of the Arnold Arboretum Staff. He participated in the collection of the type specimen and early recognized the species as new. 10. Freziera inaequilatera Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 63. 1889. lt ee are Melchior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- m, ed. 2, 21: 149. 1925 oe ‘Snavouakitolia Lingelsheim in Rep. Spec. Nov. 7: 111. 1909. — Melchior in Engler & Prantl, l.c. — Syn. nov 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 471 Freztera inaequalifolia (Lingelsh.) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 354. 1938. DisTRIBUTION: South America (Bolivia). Botivia. Dept. La Paz, Prov. Larecaja: Mapiri, alt. 750 m., H. H. Rusby 2467, type (G, MO, NY, US), May 1886. — Mapiri Region, San Carlos, alt. 750 m., O. Buchtien 1998 (isotypes of Eurya inaequaltfolia Lingelsheim, NY, US), Sept. 1907; O. Buchtien 1652 (G, NY), 1653 (FM, US), March 29, 1927 (tree 8 m.).— Copa- cabana, about 10 km. south of Mapiri, alt. 850-950 m., B. A. Krukoff 11044 (AA, NY), Oct—Nov. 1939 (tree 18 m.). Trees with branchlets ferrugineous tomentose at first, later glabrescent. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, (12—)16—20 cm. long, 4—6 -cm. wide, sparsely pubescent above (especially on lower-half of midrib), ferrugineous tomentose below, acuminate at apex, rounded and unequal at base, margin serrulate, lateral veins (ca. 20 pr.) prominent below; petiole 1 cm. long, tomentose, winged. Flowers axillary, fascicles 3—7- flowered; pedicels tomentose, varying lengths, up to 7 mm. long; brac- teoles 2, deltoid, 3.0-3.5 mm. long, 3.5-4.0 mm. wide, tomentose, con- cave, pergamentaceous, apiculate; calyx-lobes 5, imbricate, subrotund, concave, pergamentaceous, ca. 5 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, outer 2 tomentose on entire dorsal surface, inner 3 tomentose only in center of dorsal surface, margins glabrous, membranaceous; petals 5, imbricate, ca. 6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at base, tapering toward apex, lower half membranaceous, upper half hard, somewhat sepaloid in texture; stamens 20+, ca. 3 mm. long, filaments ca. 1.5 mm. long, thick, attenuated at point of union with anther, the anthers somewhat hastate, apiculate; ovary glabrous, conic, tapering into style, ca. 3 mm. long, 3-celled, multi-ovulate. Fruit globose, 5-7 mm. diam., many-seeded. As the name suggests, the outstanding characteristic of this species is the unequal sides of the leaves. At the base, there is a variation of as much as 5 mm., making the leaf appear (1.5-2.0 cm.) more greatly petiolate than is actually (1.0-1.5 cm.) the case. This character plus the very dense ferrugineous tomentose pubescence on the branchlets, leaves, pedicels, bracteoles and calyx are the major gross characters which separate this species from Freziera subintegrifolia, its nearest relative. 11. Freziera Friedrichsthaliana (Szyszylowicz) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 354. 1938. Eurya Friedrichsthaliana Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam. III. 6: 190. 1893. — Melchior in Engler & Prantl, op. cit. ed. 2, 21: 148. 1925. 472 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII DISTRIBUTION: Central America (Guatemala, Nicaragua). GuaTEMALA: Exact locality missing, Friedrichsthal 996 (TYPE, Berlin; photo and fragment, FM). Nicaracua: exact locality lack- ing, G. Wright s.n. (G, US), 1853-1856. — Summit of Mt. Mombacho, near Grenada, in meadow in rain-forest, alt. 1600 m., V. Grant 808 (AA), Dec. 24, 1940 (spreading tree 8 m. high with white flowers). The only references made to this species seem to be in the two keys in Engler & Prantl’s, Nat. Pflanzenfam., first by Szyszylowicz in 1893 and later, in the second edition by Melchior (1925). A complete description follows: Trees or shrubs with strong vigorous glabrous reddish brown branchlets, in very young stage somewhat pubescent. Leaves unusually long-petiolate with the petioles 4-5 cm. long, glabrous, lightly winged on dorsal side; the leaf-blades (10—)14-16 cm. long giving an overall measurement of 18-21 cm. long, 5-7 cm. wide, subcoriaceous, ovate, glabrous (pubescent while unfolding), acuminate at apex, obtusely cuneate at base, delicately patterned on undersurface with many (25*) pairs of reddish lateral veins and cross veins, the margin sharply serrate. Flowers axillary, 3—5-fasciculate; pedicels ca. 5 mm. long, hirsute, glabrous, 3 mm. long; calyx-lobes 5, imbricate glabrous, pergamenta- ceous, suborbicular, ca. 4 mm. long, 3.5—4.0 mm. broad, concave; petals 5, imbricate, 6 mm. long, 4 mm. at middle, tapering to 1-2 mm. at apex, membranaceous at base, somewhat brittle and subinvolute at apex; ovary glabrous, conic, ca. 2 mm. long, 3-celled, multi-ovulate, tapering into very short (0.5 mm.) style, surrounded at base by a single series of staminodia; stigma 3-parted. Fruit globose, glabrous, 5 mm. diam., many-seeded. This species stands alone because of its long petiole (5 cm.), probably, by far, the longest in the genus. The sharp serration of the leaf is another feature which makes it unusual. 12. Freziera spathulifolia (Melchior) Kobuski in Ann, Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 335. 1938. Eurya spathulifolia Melchior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. d. 2, 21: 149. 1925. DIsTRIBUTION: South America (Peru). Peru: Precise locality lacking, A. Weberbauer 3423 (photo of type, AA, FM, G). This species can easily be recognized by the distinctly spathulate leaves, rounded or obtuse at the apex and tapering gradually at the base. This type of leaf is most unusual in the genus. Melchior (1925) merely 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 473 recorded this species as new in Engler & Prantl (l.c.), and except for his notes in a key, no description has ever been published. The follow- ing description is compiled from a photograph of the type. Tree or shrub; branchlets pubescent at first, later glabrescent. Leaves coriaceous, oblong-spathulate, 5.0—7.5 cm. long, 2.0-2.7 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at apex, tapering gradually at base into a broadly winged petiole (1.5-1.7 cm. long) or perhaps, according to interpreta- tion, a petiole 2-3 mm. long, glabrous, shining above, pubescent below (pubescence appears quite dense in photograph), the margin serrulate. Flowers axillary, in fascicles of 1-4; pedicels 3-4 mm. long, appear to be pubescent; bracteoles 2, suborbicular, sepaloid, ca. 1.5 mm. long, appear to be pubescent; calyx-lobes 5, imbricate, suborbicular, appear to be glabrous; petals 5, ca, 5-6 mm. long, tapering at apex; stigma (attached to fruit) 3-parted; ovary 3-celled (assumption drawn from stigma). Fruit globose, glabrous, 5-6 mm. diameter. 13. Freziera longipes Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 8: 327. 1847.— Triana & Planchon, op. cit. sér. 4, 18: 264. 1862. Lettsomia longipes (Tulasne) Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve 14: 23. 1855. Eurya longipes (Tulasne) Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam. III. 6: 190, 1893. — Melchior, op. cit. ed. 2, 21 : 149. 1925, DIsTRIBUTION: South America (Colombia). CoLomBIA: Dept. Cundinamarca, Salto de Tequendama, J. Goudot sm. (TYPE, Herb. Mus. Paris; photo FM).—Locality dubious, Bro. Ariste-Joseph B-142 (US), 1921.— Dept. Magdalena, Sierra de San Lorenzo, dry forest, alt. 2100 m., H. H. Smith 1753 (NY), Mar. 10, 1899, Freziera longipes is characterized by large, thick, ovate leaves measur- ing up to 15 cm. long and usually 7-8 cm. wide with a long petiole which measures 3 cm. and is up to 4 mm. thick. The leaf-base is rounded or obtuse. The pubescence on the under surface of the leaf is so lanuginose that the serrulate margin appears entire. The flowers are large and sessile in the axils of the leaves. The calyx-lobes are glabrous, sub- rotund, ca. 7-8 mm. long and wide. The petals are large, about twice as long as the calyx-lobes. The ovary is five-celled. The species can be separated from F. tomentosa, its nearest relative, by wide, thick-petioled leaves, rounded or bfoadly obtuse at the base, larger flowers, and glabrous calyx-lobes. Freziera tomentosa has seri- ceous calyx-lobes, which appear as though they might become glabrescent, much narrower leaves tapering at both ends, and more slender petioles. 474 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xx 14. Freziera calophylla Triana & Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 4,18: 261. 1862. Barya oe (Tr. Pl.) Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. enfam. III. 6: 190. 1893. — Melchior in Engler & Prantl, op. ig ed. 2, 21: 149, 1925. DISTRIBUTION: South America (Colombia). CotomsiA: Dept. Antioquia, San Julian, in forest, alt. 1800 m., J. Triana s.n. (photo of type, FM). Since only a photograph of the type is available for studying this species, one must depend almost entirely on the original description for details. The species is very outstanding and should be recognized by the leaf characters alone. The authors state that the specimen comes from a beautiful tree of medium height which is glabrous. While these authors are usually very careful in mentioning pubescence, and no men- tion is made of pubescence throughout the entire description, yet Melchior (l.c.) in his key intimates that the under side of the leaf is thick silky-pubescent and also that the calyx is pubescent. Examining the photograph with a hand lens one is inclined to discredit Melchior’s observations. The leaves appear oblong-elliptic, chartaceous, are 20-25 cm. long, 8—9 cm. wide, glabrous, short-pointed at the apex, subrotund at the base, tapering into a short petiole (ca. 5 mm.), the margin serrulate; the midrib above is flat, the veins below are prominent and reticulate. Only staminate flowers were seen by the authors. They remark that the flowers are axillary, fasciculate, very shortly pedicellate, the corolla longer than the calyx, the stamens about 30, the ovary 3—5-celled, coni- cal, tapering through the style to the stigma which they mention as 3—5-dentate. 15. Freziera nervosa Humboldt & Bonpland, Pl. Aequin. 1: 31, t. 9. 1808.—Smith-in Rees, Cyclop. 15: no. 8. 1810.— De Candolle, Prodr. 1: 525. 1824. — Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2: 596. 1825. — Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 65. 1835.— Triana & Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 4,18: 262. 1862. Eurya nervosa (H. & B.) Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam, III, 6: 190, 1893.— Hieronymus in Bot. Jahrb. 20, Beibl. 49: 49. 1895, Eurya oe Hieronymus in Bot. Jahrb. 20, Beibl. 49: 49. 1895. — .no Fresiera Lshonanni oi hie Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 354. 1938. yn. no DIsTRIBUTION: South America icon. 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 475 CotomsiA: Dept. Narifio, vicinity of Pasto, A. Bonpland s.n. (frag- ment of type, FM).— Dept. El Cauca, dense damp forests in highlands of Popayan, alt. 1600-2200 m., F. C. Lehmann B.T.427 (AA, G, NY), 4777 (isotype of Eurya Lehmannii FM, G, US), 4449 (FM), 7879 (FM, US). — Dept. El Cauca, Popayan, alt. 1760 m., E. Pérez Arbeldez & J. Cuatrecasas 6035 (US), July 13, 1939 (large tree). Freziera nervosa is characterized by membranaceous or submembrana- ceous leaves, glabrous above, pubescent below, with many pairs of con- spicuous lateral veins. The flowers are axillary in fascicles up to seven; pedicels hirsute, 5-8 mm. long; bracteoles deltoid, sepaloid, unequal, 1.2-1.5 mm. long and as broad, pilose on the dorsal surface; calyx-lobes 5, small, 2.5-2.7 mm. long and nearly as broad, glabrous, concave, sub- rotund, scarious-margined and ciliolate; petals 5, ca. 5 mm. long and 2.5-4.0 mm. wide at the base, tapering to less than 1 mm. at the sub- involute apex, the lower half membranaceous, the upper half somewhat thicker; ovary glabrous, ovoid, ca. 2 mm. long, tapering in a short style less than 1 mm. long which is topped by a three-parted spreading stigma nearly 0.5 mm. long and wider than that of other species of Freziera. Hieronymus separated Eurya Lehmannii from F. nervosa as follows: “Species E. nervosae (Humb.-Bonpl.) Szysz. affinis, differt ramulis novellis, petiolis, pedicellis indumento obtectis, petiolis paulo longiori- bus, floribus paulo majoribus etc.” Freziera nervosa is pubescent on the young branchlets, petioles and pedicels. There is a variation in degree of pubescence but hardly enough to warrant specific delimitation. Also, the small variation in size of petioles and flowers mentioned by Hieronymus is negligible. The only difference I can note is a smaller number of veins present in the leaves, which are, perhaps, a little more rotund at the base. 16. Freziera verrucosa (Hieronymus) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25:355. 1938 Eurya verrucosa paeecnauie in Bot. Jahrb. 20, Beibl. 49: 51. 1895. — Melchior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 149. 1925. DISTRIBUTION: South America (Ecuador). Ecuapor: Prov. Azuay, western slope of the West Andes of Cuenca, in dense forests around Yerba-buenas and Molleturo, alt. 2400-2800 m., F.C. Lehmann 5656 (Type, Berlin; isotypes FM, G, US) (tree to 10 m. with large, close crown; leaves thick, robust, almost leathery, shiny with brown petioles and veins; flowers yellow-white.) — Prov. Chimborazo, Riobamba, outer slopes of Western Cordillera, alt. 2500 m., A. Rimbach 73 (AA), Nov. 1931, 121 (AA, FM, NY, US), Feb. 22, 1932 (middle- 476 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII sized forest tree; bark rather smooth, light gray with white lenticels; flowers small, faintly scented, corolla white; vernacular name “huishca- parun”).—In Andes, R. Spruce 5032 (NY), 1857-1859. — Prov. Tungurahua, H. Sydow 533 (US), Dec. 14, 1937. This species is characterized by coriaceous ovate leaves up to 18 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, scattered silky-pubescent on the under surface, later glabrescent, glabrous above, long-petioled (2-3 cm.). Flowers axillary, 3—8-fasciculate, the pedicels pubescent, 7-10 mm. long; brac- teoles 2, usually close to calyx-lobes and simulating them (occasionally 1 bracteole found lower on pedicel in Rimbach 121); calyx-lobes 5, imbricate, suborbicular, ca. 4 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, concave, gla- brous; petals 5, white, 9 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide at base, tapering toward involute apex, lower third lighter in color and texture; staminodia 25-30, ca. 3 mm. long; ovary globose, ca. 4 mm. long, 5-celled, many- ovuled, the style 1.5—2.0 mm. long, the stigma distinctly 5-parted, each branch nearly 1 mm. long. Fruit not seen. Freztera verrucosa is most closely allied to F. Hieronymi and F. sub- integrifolia. All three are characterized by shining, ovate, glabrous leaves with long (2-3 cm.) petioles. From both species F. verrucosa can be separated by the glabrous, long-pedicelled (up to 10 mm.) flowers. In both of the other species the pedicels are very short, glabrous in F. Hieronymi and pubescent in F. subintegrifolia. Freziera verrucosa and F. Hieronymi have coriaceous, serrulate and less broadly ovate leaves (not over 6 cm. wide), while F. subintegrifolia has membrana- ceous, entire or subentire and more broadly (up to 10 cm.) ovate leaves. The leaves of the type of this species are less silky-pubescent, and generally shorter than the two specimens collected by Rimbach. As a result, the Rimbach numbers appear to represent a distinct species. However, on close examination, the constant flower characters prove to be the same and the leaves present no really stable characters for separation, 17. Freziera subintegrifolia (Rusby) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 355. 1938 Eroteum (Erotium) subintegrifolium Rusby in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 3. no. 3:9. 1893. Eurya subintegrifolium oe Melchior in Engler’ & Prantl, Nat. anzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 149. DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia. Borivia: Yungas, A. M. Bang 496 type (FM, G, MO, US), 1890. This species is represented only by the single collection cited. The leaves are outstanding because of the extreme width (up to 10 cm.), the 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 477 long petioles (2.5-3.0 cm. long), the truncate or rounded base and the nearly entire margin. In addition, the leaves appear somewhat mem- branaceous, and are sparsely pubescent (close-lying, white, fine, silky) when young, later becoming glabrous. The very short pedicels (2—3 mm. or less), and the bracteoles are pubescent while the calyx-lobes are glabrous and ciliolate. Closely allied to this species is F. Hieronymi, which can be separated by the less broadly ovate leaves (not over 6 cm. wide). These leaves are broadly cuneate and slightly unequal at the base and serrulate on the margin. The pedicels (very short) and all the flower parts are strictly glabrous. The internodes are winged. Freziera verrucosa belongs with these species but can be quickly sepa- rated from both by the long-pedicelled (up to 10 mm.) flowers. These pedicels add strikingly to the appearance of the species considering the fact that up to 8 flowers are often found in a single fascicle. 18. Freziera caloneura, sp. nov. Arbor parva, 6-metralis, cortice brunneo valde lenticellato rimoso, ramulis brunneis glabris lenticellatis. Folia oblongo-ovata vel ovato- elliptica, coriacea, 22—29 cm. longa et 7.0—10.5 cm. lata, glabra (juven- tate exceptis), apice abrupte sed longe acuminata, basi aequalia et rotundata, costa supra canaliculata, violacea (fide collectoris), subtus ca. 3 mm. elevata, viridia, venis lateralibus crassis 30-35 paribus undique prominentibus, margine minute serrulata vel subintegra, revoluta, petiolis 3.0-3.5 cm. longis glabris alatis involutis glabris (juventate pubescenti- bus). Flores ignoti. Fructus globosus, 8-10 mm. diam. (probabiliter immaturus), 5-locularis, multi-seminatus; pedicelli 7-10 mm. longi, glabri, bracteis linearibus 5-8 mm. longis et ca. 3 mm. latis pubescenti- bus, bracteolis 2, glabris 8-10 mm. longis et 7—8 mm. latis apice sub- rotundatis, basi contiguis; sepala 5, imbricata, inaequalia, subrotundata, concava, pergamentacea, glabra, ca. 7 mm. longa et lata. DisTRIBUTION: South America (Bolivia). BottviA: Dept. Cochabamba, Prov. Chapare, Oncachaca, in forest, alt. 2200 m., J. Steinbach 9475 (typE AA; isotypes FM, NY), Feb. 28, 1929 (small tree 6 m., leaves dark green, shiny above, the midrib violet above, green below; fruiting calyx and bracteoles brown-violet-green ; fruit dark green). Freziera caloneura has several outstanding features which distinguish it from all other species in the genus. The leaves, largest in the genus (22-29 cm. long, 7.0—-10.5 cm. wide), surpass both F. Smithiana and F. macrophylla in length and F. subintegrifolia in width. On the under 478 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. xxi surface of the leaf, the lateral veins (30 or more pairs), arranged in close succession, swing boldly out and approach close to the margin before breaking toward the apex. The bracts at the base of the pedicel are seldom featured as distinctive. On this species they are linear and measure up to 8 mm. long and 3 mm. wide. The two bracteoles are contiguous or nearly so at the base and encircle the pedicel just below the calyx-lobes. Also, these bracteoles surpass the calyx-lobes in length. This is the only species in which this reversed situation occurs. Unfor- tunately, no petals or stamens are available for study. One might assume that the petals, when eventually collected, will measure 13-15 (or even more) millimeters. Since the fruit is definitely 5-celled, the stigma is probably 5-parted. 19, Freziera lancifolia (Standley) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 354. 1938. Eurya lanctfolia Standley in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 8: 317. 1931. DISTRIBUTION: Central America (British Honduras). BritisH Honpuras: Middlesex, in forest on mountain side, alt. 75-120 m., W. A. Schipp 455 (type FM; isotypes AA, G, MO, NY), November 15, 1929 (tall tree 15 m.; wood yellow, close-grained; fruit yellow; rare).—-Camp 36, British Honduras, in forest on mountain side, alt. 800 m., W. A. Schipp 8-710 (FM), June 26, 1934 (rare tree 18 m. with cream colored flowers). The important characteristics of this species are: tall tree with reddish brown branchlets pubescent at first, later glabrescent. Leaves with pubescent, lightly winged petiole 1.0—-1.5 cm. long; leaf-blade lanceolate, glabrous on upper surface except for midrib, sparsely pubescent below, becoming glabrous except for midrib and principal veins, 10-14 cm. long, 3.0-4.5 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, rounded at base, the margin serru- late. Fruit axillary, in fascicles on abbreviated flowering stem or peduncle, glabrous, subglobose, ca. 7 mm. long, 3-celled, many-seeded ; style persistent; stigma occasionally found, 3-parted; pedicel 3-5 mm. long, pubescent; bracteoles 2, sepaloid, suborbicular, sericeous, ca. 1.5 mm. long; calyx-lobes 5, imbricate, suborbicular, sericeous, ca. 3.0—3.5 mm. long. This species is most closely related to F. candicans and F. guatemalen- sis. From the former it can be separated by its glabrous or nearly glabrous lower leaf-surface, rounded leaf-base and abbreviated peduncle. From F. guatemalensis it can be separated by the same glabrous under leaf-surface, the serrulate leaf-margin, and the equilateral leaf-base. 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 479 Only two collections, both by Schipp in British Honduras, have been recorded. 20. Freziera ferruginea Wawra in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12': 284. 1886. Eurya ferruginea (Wawra) Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. 6: 190. 1893.— Melchior in Engler & Prantl, op. cit., ed. 2, 21: 149. 1925. DISTRIBUTION: South America (Peru). Peru: Dept. San Martin, near Guayrapurima Mt., near Tarapoto, R. Spruce 4442 (isotypes, C, FM, NY), August 1856. Branchlets terete, covered at first with a dense ferrugineous tomentum, later becoming glabrescent. Leaves oblong-ovate, coriaceous, 4-7 cm. long, 1.5—2.0 cm. wide, very young leaves pubescent above at vernation, later glabrous, shining, below covered with the same dense ferrugineous tomentum of branchlets, not becoming glabrous, obtuse pointed at apex, rounded at base, the margin serrulate, the lateral veins (15—20 pairs) impressed above, prominent below even through tomentum; petiole 4—7 mm. long, covered with same thick short ferrugineous tomentum. Flowers, axillary, fascicles 1—3-flowered (according to Wawra, dioe- cious) ; pedicels 2-4 mm. long, densely ferrugineous-tomentose; brac- teoles minute, ca. 1.0-1.5 mm. long, densely tomentose; calyx-lobes 5, imbricate, concave, pergamentaceous, obtuse or subrotund at apex, ca. 2 mm. long, thickly tomentose on the dorsal surface; petals 5, seemingly free, 3.5-4.0 mm. long, 1.5—2.0 mm. wide, oblong, obtuse at apex, lower half membranaceous, upper half (exposed above calyx-lobes) thicker, simulating texture of calyx-lobes; staminodia none; ovary glabrous, conic to globose, tapering into the style, topped by 3-parted stigma, 2.75 mm. long (over all). Fruit not seen. This species is outstanding because of its small evenly shaped leaves, covered by a deep ferrugineous tomentum. This tomentum is found also on young branchlets, pedicels, bracteoles and calyx-lobes. The flowers are small, the petals slightly exceeding the calyx-lobes in length and simulagae the calyx-lobes in texture on their exposed portion. 21. Freziera Grisebachii Krug & Urban in Bot. Jahrb. 21: 542. 1896. Freztera hirsuta ie ar raat Pl. Cub. 36. 1866. — Non Smith (1810). Eroteum hirsutum G. Maza in Anal. Hist. Nat. Madrid, 19: 222. 1890. Eurya mea ee in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. Vie 3 © . 1925. ea ta West Indies (Jamaica, Cuba). Jamaica: Tweedside, below Moody’s Gap, alt. 1100 m., W. Harris 5658 (iso-syntypes, AA, NY, US), March 19, 1895 (tree 10 m.); same locality, W. Harris 6067 (iso-syntypes, NY, US), Nov. 14, 1895 (tree 480 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII 13 m.).—Same locality, N. L. Britton 3380 (NY), Sept. 10, 1908 (tree 15 m.). CusBa: Loma del Gato, Cobre Range of Sierra Maestra, alt. 900-1000 m., Fre. Leon, Clement & M. Roca 9920 (NY), July— Aug. 1921 (tree 7-8 m. with large flowers).— Oriente, C. Wright 49 (iso-syntypes, G, MO, NY), Dec. 7, 1856 (small tree 6 m. high with white flowers and dark red fruit). A species closely related to F. cordata in size of flower but separated quickly by rounded or obtuse base of leaf. Related to F. hirsuta in tomentose pubescence but separated by larger flowers, fruit and leaves. Trees 10-15 m. with straight, terete rufous-villous branchlets, not geniculate. Leaves distichous, glabrous above; pubescent on midrib below, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 13-17 cm. long, 4.0—5.5 cm. wide, equal or subequal, rounded or obtuse at base, narrowly acuminate at apex, margin flat, serrate, 15-20 pairs of lateral veins, petiole 1-2 cm. Flowers in axils 2—3-fasciculate, bracteoles semiorbicular, 2—3 mm. long; 3.0-4.5 mm. wide, tomentose. Sepals 5, unequal, 4-5 mm. long, 3.0—4.5 mm. wide, pergamentaceous, tomentose. Petals 5, white, 5-6 mm. long. Staminodia in @ fl. uniseriate, ca. 25. Ovary narrowly conic-ovate tapering into a style crowned by 3-parted stigma, 3-celled, multi- ovulate. Fruit ca. 10 mm. long, 6—8 mm. diam., glabrous. Because of the dense pubescence, this species has been confused with and often cited as F. hirsuta Smith. The latter species is not found in Cuba, or, as far as I know, in Jamaica. 22. Frezieria arbutifolia Triana & Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 4, 18: 262. 1862. Eurya arbutifolia (Tr. & ary Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. flanzenfam, III. 6: 190. 1893.— Melchior in Engler & Prantl, op. cit., ed. 2, 21: 149. 1925. DIsTRIBUTION: South America (Colombia). Cotomsia: Dept. Antioquia, Manzanillo, alt. 2000 m., J. Triana s.n. (isotype, NY, photo and fragment, FM).— Dept. Antioquia, be- tween Carolina and Santa Rosa, alt. 2400-2800 m., F. C. Lehmann CCXXII (US), Sept. 1884. Young branchlets densely rufous-pubescent. Leaves elliptic-oblong, coriaceous, 8-12 cm. long, 3—4 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at apex, rounded at base, serrate, shining above, rufous-pubescent (floccose- fasciculate) on the impressed midrib and veins, more pubescent below, veins prominent; petiole ca. 1 cm. long, canaliculate, pubescent, nar- rowly margined. Flowers axillary, 1—2-fasciculate; pedicels 1-2 cm. long, densely rufous-pubescent; bracteoles densely pubescent, sub- 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 481 orbicular, 2-3 mm. long and broad; calyx-lobes 5, densely pubescent, suborbicular, 4-5 mm. long and broad; petals (not seen) 5, oblong, longer than calyx; stamens ca. 20-30; ovary conic, glabrous, attenu- ated into a short style, 5-celled, multi-ovulate; stigma 4—5-parted. This species is closely related to F. reticulata, from which it can be separated by the longer pedicelled (1—2 cm.) flowers usually one in the axil, occasionally two, the leaves more nearly elliptic in shape, more obovate than ovate-lanceolate (as in F. reticulata), and the unusual floccose-fasciculate pubescence. 23. Freziera reticulata Humboldt & Bonpland, Pl. Aequin. 1: 22, t. 5. 1808. — Smith in Rees, Cyclop. 15: no. 3, 1810.— De Candolle, Prodr. 1: 525. 1824. — Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2: 596. 1825. — Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 64. 1835. — Triana & Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 4, 18: 264. 1862. Eurya reticulata Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. II, 6: 190. 1893. Non Korthals (1840). Eurya Humboldtiana Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 105. 1856. DIsTRIBUTION: South America (Colombia). CotomBiA: Dept. El Cauca, Almaguer, alt. 2260 m., Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Herb. Delessert, Genéve, TyPE; Mus. Paris, isotype; photo and fragment, FM).— Paramo d’ Achupallas, Andes de Pasto et Quindio, alt. 3000 m., J. Triana s.n. (NY). —San Pedro, Fre. Tomds é& Daniel 1307 (FM), Dec. 1937 (‘‘cerezo del monte”). — Quindio, Purdie s.n. (G). Freziera reticulata, as the name indicates, is characterized by out- standingly reticulate leaves. The veins, noticeably impressed on the upper surface, are sharply elevated below. The cross veins are also raised on the under surface, giving a net-like appearance to the leaf surface. A dense rufous tomentum covers the lower surface of the leaves and, even though thick, coriaceous, and lustrous the upper sur- face is also pubescent. This latter is an unusual character. A sharp, glandular serrulation further separates this species from its near relative F. sericea. The shape of the leaf might be termed wide ovate-lanceolate, up to 17 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, obtusely acuminate at the apex and rounded at the base. The petiole measures as much as 2 cm. long and is densely tomentose, narrowly winged, and involute. The flowers (according to Humboldt and Bonpland) are white, axillary, and in fascicles up to five. The calyx, bracts and pedicels are densely tomentose. Since most of the specimens were in fruit, no accurate measurements of the corolla could be made from the material 482 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. Xx at hand. The calyx-lobes are deltoid, approximately 6-7 mm. long and about as wide. The bracteoles nearly equal the calyx-lobes in size and appear very similar. Both the calyx-lobes and bracteoles are densely tomentose as well as the pedicels which vary in length up to 5 mm. The fruits of the specimens examined were 5-celled. 23A. Freziera reticulata Humboldt & Bonpland var. subintegrifolia (Hieronymus) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 355. 1938. alc reticulata (H. & B.) ee var. subintegrifolia Hierony- in Bot. Jahrb. 20, Beibl. 49: 51. 1895. DIsTRIBUTION: South America eae: CoLomBIA: Dept. Antioquia, between Carolina and Santa Rosa, alt. 2400-2800 m., F. C. Lehmann 4068 (US, isotype), Sept. 1884. — Dept. Antioquia, San Pedro, Bros. Daniel & Tomas 1561 (US), Aug. 1938.— Precise locality lacking, Bro. Apolinar-Maria 267 (FM). This variety differs from the species in the narrower leaves (not over 5 cm. wide), the entire or nearly entire leaf-margins, the longer petioles (up to 3 cm.), and the many-flowered fascicles (up to 10, fide Hieronymus). The pedicels seem shorter than those of the species, many appearing almost sessile. The bracteoles are deltoid, 5—6 mm. long and ca. 4 mm. wide. The calyx-lobes are only slightly larger than the bracteoles, 5.0-6.5 mm. long and 4.0—-5.5 mm. wide, obtuse to deltoid. The petals measure ca. 7.5 mm. long and 3—4 mm. wide, are oblong, obtuse to acute at the apex, hardly joined at the base, more membranaceous at the base than nearer the apex. The ovary is conic-ovoid, 4 mm. long, 3 mm. diam., 5-celled, multi-ovulate. The style is almost negligible, while the stigma appears as hardly more than 5 minute deltoid points. 24. Freziera sericea Humboldt & Bonpland, Pl. Aequin. 1: 29, t. 8. 1808.— Smith in Rees, Cyclop. 15: no. 7. 1810.— De Candolle, Prodr. 1: 525. 1824. — Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2: 596. 1825. — Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 65. 1835.— Triana & Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 4, 18: 263. 1862.— Wawra in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12': 283. 1886. _ sericea (H. & B.) Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 105. 1856. — szylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. 6: 190. 1893, — Hieronymus in Bot. Jahr rb. 20, Beibl. 49: 49. 1895. — Mel- chior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 149. 1925. DIsTRIBUTION: South America (Colombia). CoLomBIA: Dept. Narifio, Pasto, A. Bonpland s.n. (photo of isotype, 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 483 FM).— Dept. Antioquia, near Amalfi, alt. 1700-2000 m., F. C. Lehmann CCXXI (US); 7878 (FM), Sept. 1884.— Dept. El Cauca, “La Gallera,”’ Micay valley, forest near Rio San Joaquin, alt. 1100-1300 m., £. P. Killip 7802 (G, NY, US), June 1922 (tree). — Dept. El Cauca, Tetilla mountains near Popayan, alt. 1500-1700 m., F. C. Lehmann 7693 (FM, G, US) (trees up to 10 m. with large open crowns; trunks rarely over SO cm. diam.; leaves shiny, yellowish, dark green above, rusty brown pubescent below; flowers yellow-white). — Dept. El Cauca, forests of El Rosario, highlands of Popayan, alt. 1600-1800 m., F. C. Lehmann B.T.436 (AA, G, NY). Freziera sericea is characterized by a long silky appressed pubescence, (amber-brown in color) on the lower surface of the leaves, the young branchlets and the terminal buds. This pubescence simulates in texture and color that found on Archboldiodendron, a theaceous genus indige- nous to New Guinea. Also characteristic to both are the longitudinal striations, apparent in the pubescence of the lower leaf surface, presum- ably caused by the close folds of the leaf in bud. The leaves are elliptic-lanceolate, coriaceous, acuminate, glabrous above, sericeous below, up to 15-16 cm. long and usually up to 4 cm. wide (in one instance wider), sessile or with a petiole shorter than the flower clusters. The flowers are axillary, sessile, the calyx-lobes glabrous. The fruit is 5-celled, many-seeded, and the stigma is 5-lobed. Closely related are F. chrysophylla, F. longipes, F. candicans and F. tomentosa. All these species have the same type of pubescence on the under surface of the leaves, varying in degree and color. One species, F. chrysophylla, has even been united as a variety. The various difference between these species and their closest allies will be found discussed under the species in question. 25. Freziera Wawrai Urban in Bot. Jahrb. 21: 544. 1896. Freztera salictfolia Wawra in Martius, Fl. Bras. 121: 283. 1886. Non Choisy (1855). ie Wawrai Se oven in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- ed. 2, 21: 149. DISTRIBUTION: South America (Peru). Peru: Dept. San Martin, Tarapoto, Campana Mt., R. Spruce 4359 (iso-syntypes G, NY), August 1856.— Near Tarapoto, in mountains along Mayo river, R. Spruce 4841 (iso-syntypes, FM, G, NY), July August 1856. The branchlet terete, glabrous. Leaves subcoriaceous, glabrous, lanceolate to subelliptic, 8-10 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, acute at apex, 484 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII cuneate at base, the veins 30 or more pairs arranged in close succession, prominent on both surfaces, the margin plane, serrulate; petiole 3-5 mm. long, glabrous. Flowers axillary, 2—5-fasciculate; bracts minute at base of pedicel, pubescent; pedicels glabrous, varying in length up to 4 mm. ; bracteoles glabrous, inconspicuous, lying close to calyx, ca. 1 mm. long; calyx-lobes 5, suborbicular, glabrous, ca. 2 mm. long and broad, con- cave, not ciliolate; petals 5, linear, ca. 6 mm. long and 2 mm. or less wide, somewhat involute; no stamens or staminodia present; ovary glabrous, tapering from base gradually to stigma (including style), 3 mm. over all, 3-celled, many-seeded. Fruit not seen. This species stands out from all other species of the genus in being glabrous throughout, except for the bracts at the base of the pedicels. As mentioned, the veining is prominent on both surfaces, the lateral veins, 30 or more pairs, rising in close succession from the midrib. For such small leaves (8-10 cm.), this feature is most noticeable. The combination F. Wawrai was made by Urban in observations included in his studies of West Indian plants. For some unexplainable reason, this combination has not been recorded since, even in Index Kewensis. Melchior (l.c.) transferred the species to Eurya but made no mention of the original place of publication. 26. Freziera Karsteniana (Szyszylowicz) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 354. 1938. Eurya Karsteniana Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. peree : 190. 1893. — Melchior in Engler & Prantl, op. cit. ed. 2, 21: 148. 1925. DistTrIBUTION: South America (Colombia). Cotomsra: Locality unknown (cited by Szyszylowicz as Guatemala), H. Karsten s.n. (type, Berlin, photo & fragment FM).— Locality un- known, Purdie s.n,. (G). Like Freziera Friedrichsthaliana, this species was proposed by Szyszylowicz (l.c.) in a key to the Central American species of the genus Eurya. No description, other than the key characters, accom- panied the proposal and both species were attributed to Guatemala. Karsten, the collector, as far as I know, never collected outside of South America, most of his time and efforts being spent in Colombia and Vene- zuela. Hence, since the photograph* and fragment of the type, found in the Field Museum, match with Purdie s.n. collected in Colombia, I have no hesitancy in attributing this species to Colombia, rather than *Accompanying the photograph is a note stating that the specimen is from Colombia, while on the fragment, a note states that it is from Venezuela. At any rate, on neither fragment nor aa artonie’ is there any mention of Guatemala. 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VII 485 Guatemala. A description, drawn up from Purdie s.n. (G) follows: Trees probably, with reddish brown branchlets, slightly pubescent at first, later glabrescent. Leaves subcoriaceous, ovate, pubescent at first, later glabrous, acute at apex (not acuminate), equilateral and cuneate at base, the widest portion close to base, 5-9 cm. long, 2.5—3.0 cm. wide, shining above, lighter green below, the margin serrulate; petiole pubescent, canaliculate, lightly winged, ca. 5 mm. long. Flowers axillary, small, 3—6-fasciculate; pedicels 3-4 mm. long, pubescent (probably glabrescent in fruit); bracteoles 2, slightly over 1 mm. long, sub- orbicular, pubescent; calyx-lobes 5, imbricate, glabrous, ca. 2 mm. long, suborbicular, membranaceous along margin, usually not ciliolate; petals 5, imbricate, 4-5 mm. long, 1.5—2.0 mm. wide, linear, revolute near apex; staminodia in a single series adhering to either corolla or ovary, 1 mm. long; ovary ca. 1 mm. long, ovate, tapering into broad style also 1 mm. long, 3-celled, multi-ovulate; stigma 3-parted. Fruit globose, 4-5 mm. diam., many seeded. This species is one with smaller leaves and flowers but no other out- standing characters which cause it to stand out in the genus. Like many species of the Asiatic genus Eurya, it is difficult to key. Because of the lack of description and the error in geographic distribution, it has been disregarded in botanical literature to date. Placed here dubiously is E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 15225 from Colombia, Dept. Santander, alt. 1500 m. The leaf tapers differently (a non-tangible character) from the typical species and is generally larger. 27. Freziera parva, sp. nov. Frutex 1-metralis, ramulis teretibus brunneis lenticellatis pubescenti- bus. Folia elliptica vel elliptico-ovata, coriacea, 3-5 cm. longa et 1.5- 2.0 cm. lata, apice obtusa, basi cuneata et aequalia, glabra (costa undique excepta), venis lateralibus 15-20 paribus undique elevatis, margine serrulata, petiolis 5-8 mm. longis alatis involutis pubescentibus. Flores axillares 1-2 (raro 3)-fasciculati; pedicelli 3-5 mm. longi, pilosi; brac- teoli 2, minuti, glabri, deltoidei, 1.5 mm. longi et ca. 2 mm. lati; sepala 5, imbricata, subrotundata, concava, glabra, ca. 2.5 mm. longa et 3 mm. lata, ciliolata, interioribus petaloideis; petala 5, imbricata, elliptica, alba, concava, ca. 5 mm. longa et 2 mm. lata; staminodia ca. 20, uniseriata, + 1 mm. longa; ovarium conico-globosum, apice attenuatum, glabrum, tri-loculare. Fructus immaturus. DISTRIBUTION: South America (Peru). Peru: Dept. Amazonas, Prov. Bongara, between Jumbilla and San 486 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. Xx Carlos, alt. 2900-3000 m., A. Weberbauer 7152 (tTypE, G; isotypes, FM, US), June 1915 (shrub 1 m. high, with white flowers). This species is closely related to F. euryoides, the following species. Both are distinctive for their small leaves and small flowering parts. Seldom over 5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, the leaves of both are further characterized by having an obtuse, but not acuminate, apex and cuneate ase. However, in F. parva, the leaves are traced by 15-20 pairs of veins arranged in close succession while in F. euryoides, only 6—9 pairs of veins can be observed. According to the collector this species is a shrub (1 m.), which is most unusual in the genus. 28. Freziera euryoides, sp. nov. Planta lignosa, arbor ut videtur, ramulis teretibus brunnescentibus lenticellatis, hornotinis strigosis. Folia oblongo-obovata, 3—5 cm. longa et 1-2 cm. lata, chartacea vel subcoriacea, sparse strigosa, apice obtusa, basi in petiolum attenuata, margine serrulata, venis lateralibus paucis (ca. 6-9 paribus), petiolis 4-6 mm. longis strigosis alatis involutis. Flores axillares, 1—2-fasciculati; pedicelli 3-4 mm. longi, strigosi, bracteolis 2 sepaloideis sparse strigosis ca. 2 mm. longis et 1.5—2.0 mm. latis; sepala 5, imbricata, inaequalia, concava, subrotundata, glabra, ca. 3 mm. longa et lata; petala et stamina non visa; ovarium globosum, glabrum, tri-loculare, stylo brevi, ca. 1 mm. longo; stigmata tri-partita. Fructus immaturus globosus tri-loculatus. DISTRIBUTION: South America (Colombia). CotomsBiaA: Exact locality lacking, J. C. Mutis 3706 (typE US), 2206 (US), 3707 (US). Freziera euryoides, as the name signifies, simulates the genus Eurya in general appearance. No complete flowers were observed, yet one could not hesitate to describe the species from the fruit and persistent calyces, so distinct is it from all other species. The small leaves and flowers, as stated under the preceding species, are two of the outstanding characters which set it apart from most other species. Also, as mentioned before, the wide variation in veining distinguishes this species from F. parva. 29. Freziera tomentosa (Ruiz & Pavon), comb. nov. Lettsomia tomentosa Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Peruv. & Chil. Prodr. 4:77, t. 14. 1794; Syst. Veg. 134. 1798.—De Candolle, Prodr. 1: 525. Fresiera Dombeyana Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. . 8: 329. 1847. yn. nov Lettsomia Dombeyana (Tul.) Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve 14: 3. 1855. 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 487 Eurya Dombeyana (Tul.) Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam. III. 6: 190. 1893. — Melchior, op. cit., ed. 2, 21: 149. 1925. DisTRIBUTION: South America (Peru). Peru: Exact locality lacking, J. Pavon s.n. (TYPE of Lettsomia tomentosa; isotypes, Delessert Herb., Bot. Gard. Genéve, FM ).— Exact locality lacking, J. Dombey s.n. (TYPE of Freziera Dombeyana, Paris; photo, FM).— Dept. Huanuco, Rio Pozuzo, near Palcazu, alt. 1600—- 1700 m., A. Weberbauer 6755 (FM, G, US). This species is characterized by oblong-linear-lanceolate leaves, up to 15-17 cm. long and 3.0-3.5 cm. wide, coriaceous, glabrous above, golden brown, lanuginose and longitudinal striated below, margin serrulate, long acuminate at apex, tapering at base into a winged, involute petiole 1.5-2.0 cm. long. In the petioled leaves it resembles F. chrysophylla. However, the leaves are narrower and covered with a much darker pubescence. The flowers of F. tomentosa are large and sessile as in F. sericea and F.longipes. In the type of Lettsomia tomentosa the calyx- lobes are pubescent (sparsely so), while in Weberbauer 6755 the calyx- lobes are nearly glabrous. Freziera longipes can be distinguished by the presence of heavy, wide leaves with a strong petiole. The principal characters separating F. tomentosa from F. chrysophylla and F. candi- cans are the sessile flowers and quite glabrous calyx-lobes. Also the flower parts are much larger in this species than those of the other two. Belonging here also is F. Dombeyana. In the original description Tulasne drew attention to the very close relationship to Lettsomia tomen- tosa and mentioned that, perhaps, it was the same as the species described by Ruiz and Pavon. 30. Freziera lanata (Ruiz & Pavon) Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 8: 334. 1847, in obs.— Weberbauer in Engler & Drude, Veg. Erde, 12: 263. 1911. Lettsomia lanata Ruiz. & Pavon, Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 4: 77. 1794; Syst. Veg. 135. 1798. — De Candolle, Prodr. 1: 525. 1824. Eurya lanata (R. & P.) Melchior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. Presiera pungasia Tulasned in Ann, Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 8: 333, 1847. — Syn. rons ee (Tul.) Rusby in Mem, Torrey Bot. Club ser. 3, 3: 9. 1893. Eurya arias (Tul.) Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- i I : . 1893. — Melchior, op. cit. ed. 2, 21: 149. 1925. Freaod Byers Wawra in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12!: 284. 1886. — Syn. nov 488 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx Eurya boliviensis (Wawra) Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. 6: 190. 1893.— Melchior in Engler & Prantl, op. cit., ed. 2, 21: 149, 1925. DisTRIBUTION: South America (Peru, Bolivia). Peru: Exact locality lacking, J. Pavon s.n. (photo and fragment of type of Lettsomia lanata, FM).— Dept. Ayacucho, above Ayma be- tween Tambo and the Apurimac river, alt. 1900 m., A. Weberbauer 5610 (FM, G, US), June 1910 (shrub 4 m. with yellowish white flowers) .— Dept. Ayacucho, Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, wooded hillside, alt. 1000 m., FE. P. Killip & A.C. Smith 22458 (FM, NY, US), May 1929 (tree 3-4 m.).— Dept. Junin, San Ramon, dry woods, alt. 900-1300 m., FE. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 24773 (FM, NY, US), June 1929 (tree 3-4 m.).— Dept. Huanuco, Yanano, sunny hillside, alt. 1800 m., J. F. Macbride 3765 (FM), May 1923 (compact shrub-tree, 4m.). BorrviA: Yungas, Pentland 178 (rypE of F. yungasia, Paris, photo and fragment FM).— Yungas, 4. M. Bang 386 (FM, G, MO, NY, US), 1890. — Yungas, in woods, alt. 2100 m., O. Buchtien 563 (US), Nov. 30, 1906. — Dept. La Paz, Larecaja, in woods, alt. 2800 m., G. Mandon 830 (isotypes of F. boliviensis, FM, Genéve, Gray, NY, Paris, Vienna), 831 (G, FM), June 1860.— Dept. La Paz, Prov. Larecaja, Copacabana, about 10 km. south of Mapiri, alt. 850-950 m., B. A. Krukoff 10993 (AA, NY), Oct.—Nov. 1939 (tree 24 m.).— Mapiri region, alt. 850 m., O. Buchtien 1680 (FM, NY, US), Feb. 1927.— Dept. La Paz, Tipuani, alt. 1400 m., O. Buchtien 5462 (G, NY, US), 7379 (FM, MO, NY, US), 1920-1922.— Dept. La Paz, Apolo, alt. 1500 m., R. S. Williams 1509 (NY, US), 2448 (US), 1901- 1902 (6 m. tall). — Dept. Cochabamba, Prov. Chapare, in woods, alt. 2300 m., J. Steinbach 8923 (AA, FM, G, NY), Jan. 23, 1929 (tree 5 m., flowers greenish white). Young branchlets covered with a light buff, short tomentum, later becoming glabrescent. Leaves linear to oblong-ovate, coriaceous, 5—10 (—12) cm. long and 2—3(—4) cm. wide, acute at the apex, base equi- lateral, cuneate or subrotund, the upper surface opaque, glabrous, occa- sionally pubescent on basal portion of midrib, the lower surface covered with light colored, short tomentum with the 20 or more pairs of veins and cross-veins conspicuous even under tomentum; petiole 2—5 mm. long, pubescent. Flowers axillary, in close succession on short floral branchlets appearing as abbreviated racemes; pedicels very short, un- equal, 2~3 mm. long, densely pubescent; calyx-lobes 5, imbricate, unequal, 1.5-2.0 mm. long, subrotund, densely tomentose; petals 5, imbricate, lightly connate at base, oblong-linear or ovate-oblong, un- 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 489 equal in width, 4-6 mm. long, 1.5—2.0 mm. wide; stamens not seen; ovary glabrous, ca. 1 mm. long, tapering into a thick style (1 mm. long) and topped by a 3-parted conspicuous (for the genus) stigma, 3-celled. Fruit globose, ca. 4-5 mm. diameter, crowned by persistent style and occasional stigma, many-seeded. The short buff colored tomentum, through which the veins show clearly, is an outstanding character of the species. In a few specimens this character is almost lacking, found only on both sides of the midrib and where the leaf was folded in bud. The small flowers on the axillary floral branches furnish an unusual character. These short branchlets are bereft of any leaves and evidently bear flowers for more than one season. Some of the branchlets are over a centimeter in length and show, in close succession, the scars of former flowers. After studying considerable material it is quite impossible to maintain F. yungasia aS a species or even as a variety. Most of the Bolivian material labeled F. yungasia agrees with the typical Peruvian material of F. lanata. However, several collections present singular variations which, unfortunately, are not consistent throughout. It is on these variations that F. yungasia was originally based. Buchtien 7379 is found in four herbaria. In FM, MO, and NY are specimens repre- senting typical F. lanata. However, in US, and a second specimen in MO, are supposed duplicates with wider leaves, more coarsely serrate, and a pubescence less dense, longer and silky. Bang 386 consists of seven specimens, six of which (FM, G, MO, NY, and US) are of the wider-leaved, silky pubescent type, while at NY is found a single speci- men typical of F. lanata. Weberbauer 5610 (FM, G, US) have typi- cally lanate pubescent leaves while a fourth 5610 (FM) has leaves nearly glabrous. Krukoff 10933 (AA, NY) is typically F. Janata but nearly glabrous in both specimens. Perhaps, if one were examining all the material of Buchtien 7379, Bang 386 or Weberbauer 5610 separately, a conclusion that two species were included under a single number might be reached. However, it is quite baffling to find this same consistent variation carried through several collections. Cited here also in synonymy is Freziera boliviensis Wawra. Mandon 830, collected in Bolivia, is the only representative of F. boliviensis in the material studied. This one specimen is merely smaller leaved than most representatives of this species. It agrees in leaf-shape, the distinc- tive pubescence, the unusual raceme-like floral branchlets and all the other characters mentioned above. 490 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII 31. Freziera roraimensis Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. sér. 3, 8: 339. 1847. Eurya roraimensis (Tul. », Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam, III. 6: 190, 1893.— Melchior in Engler & Prantl, op. cit., ed. 2, 21: 149. 1925. Freziera guianensis Wawra in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12': 284. 1886. — Eurya guianensis Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. 6: 1893. — Melchior in Engler & Prantl, op. cit., ed. 2, 21: 149. 1925. — Syn. nov. DISTRIBUTION: South America (Venezuela, Mt. Roraima). VENEZUELA: Vicinity of Mt. Roraima, R. Schomburgk 591 (leaf fragment of type of F. roraimensis, FM), 511 (leaf fragment, FM), 1842-1843. The branchlets fulvous pubescent at first, later glabrous. The leaves coriaceous or subcoriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, 6-9 cm. long and 2—3 cm. wide, acute at the apex, equilateral and attenuate at the base into a pubescent slightly winged canaliculate petiole ca. 1 cm. long, glabrous, shining on upper surface, lightly sericeous pubescent below at first, later glabrous, the margin dentate, the veins ca. 9 pairs laxly arranged. According to Tulasne, the flowers are borne on a very brief axillary peduncle (2—4 mm. long), the pedicel 4-5 mm. long, tomentose, with the 2 bracteoles at the apex, just below the calyx, acute and tomentose; sepals 5, imbricate, broadly ovate or orbicular, tomentose, scarcely 2 mm. long; petals 5, ca. 6 mm. long, subacute; stamens 15-18, the anthers oblong, scarcely acute; ovary “linear-conic,” glabrous, acute, 3-celled, indefinite number of ovules, the stigma 3-parted. The above notes, with the exception of those concerning the leaf- characters, were compiled wholly from the original description. Tulasne feels that the species is closely related to F. Janata. Wawra’s description of F. guianensis is very incomplete, still the close relationship to the present species is very evident. Both F. roraimensis and F. guianensis were collected at the same locality by the same collector. There is no doubt in my mind that only one good species exists in this locality and close relationship with any of the Andean species of western South America is very remote. 32. Freziera canescens Humboldt & Bonpland, Pl. Aequin. 1: 25, t. 6. 1808. —Smith in Rees, Cyclop. 15: no. 5. 1810.— De Candolle, Prodr. 1: 525. 1824. — Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2: 596. 1825. — Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 64. 1835.— Triana & Planchon in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 4, 18: 263. 1862. 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 491 Eurya canescens (H. & B.) Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 105. 1856. — Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. III. 6: 190. 1893. — Hieronymus in Bot. Jahrb. 20, Beibl. 49: 51. 1895. DISTRIBUTION: South America (Colombia, Peru, Ecuador). Ecuapor: Prov. Tungurahua, hacienda San Antonio, near Bajfos, H. Sydow 559, Dec. 17, 1937.— Prov. Pichincha, near Quito, A. Bon- pland s.n. (TYPE, Paris; fragment, FM). Coromsta: Dept. El] Cauca, Las Escaleretas, Moras Valley, Rio Paez basin, Tierra Adentro, alt. 2500-3000 m., H. Pittier 1338 (US), Feb. 1906 (medium-sized tree; flowers white, closed; fruit a black oval berry).— Dept. El] Cauca, alt. 2200-3300 m., F. C. Lehmann 3687 (US), 6445 (FM, G, US).— Dept. El Cauca, Mt. Puracé, thickets along Rio Aguablanca, alt. 2900-3100 m., E. P. Killip 6743 (G, NY, US), June 1922 (tree).— Dept. Narifo, Pasto, alt. 3000 m., J. Triana s.n. (NY), 1851-1857. — Without definite locality, J. C. Mutis 695 (241) (US).— Dept. El Cauca, Puracé, Cas- cade Chirimbolo, alt. 3200 m., E. Dryander 1655 (US), Sept. 1936 (tree 3-4 m., common name ‘Motilon’’).— Dept. El Cauca, vicinity of Puracé, alt. 2700-3100 m., E. Pérez Arbeldez and J. Cuatrecasas 5975 (US), July 11, 1939 (tree). PERU: Dept. Huanuco, Pan de Azucar, M. Sawada 67 (FM), July 2, 1927 (35 ft. high). Freziera canescens is a medium-sized tree (5-6 m.). The brownish, terete young branchlets are covered, at first, with a white tomentum (later becoming glabrescent) and are sparsely dotted with white-yellow lenticels. Leaves strongly coriaceous, up to 15 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, ovate-elliptic, obtuse to bluntly acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, glabrous and shining above, densely blonde tomentose below, the veins many, slightly elevated above, the midrib canaliculate above, the margin revolute at base of leaf, otherwise lightly serrate, the petiole ca. 1 cm. long, sulcate. The flowers large, fasciculate, 1-4 in axils of leaves; pedicels tomentose, thick, varying in length up to 6 mm. long, ca. 2 mm. diam.; bracteoles 2, immediately beneath calyx, sepaloid, deltoid, per- gamentaceous, ca. 7 mm. long, 8-9 mm. wide, tomentose, apiculate; sepals 5, imbricate, concave, tomentose in center, glabrous at margin, ciliolate, pergamentaceous, ovate to deltoid, unequal, 6-7 mm. long, 7—9 mm. wide; petals 5, texture similar to sepals at base, inner ones more nearly membranaceous, ovate, white, glabrous, 11-12 mm. long, 6.0—8.5 mm. wide; stamens 20-25, uniseriate, glabrous, the filaments ca. 1 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at center, attenuated at both ends, the anthers linear, 4.5 mm. long, nearly 1 mm. wide, opening by longitudinal slits, the ovary (¢ fl.) glabrous, ca. 6 mm. long, 3 mm. diam., tapering quickly for 2 mm. into a blunt style (the customary 3-parted stigma seems to 492 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII be absent even in fruiting specimens), tri-locular, multi-ovulate. Fruit ovoid, 8-10 cm. long and broad, 3-celled. Seeds many (over 100) minute, typical of the genus, 1 mm. or less long. The above description seems quite essential, considering no record of measurements has ever been made. Humboldt and Bonpland refer to the 4-parted stigma and 4-celled ovary and fruit. The material exam- ined by the present author exhibited only 3-celled ovaries and fruit. The large flowers, seemingly woody, sometimes four to the axil, cov- ered with a dense white tomentum, the large, quickly tapering fruit, the very brief style and the white tomentose coriaceous broadly ovate leaves distinguish this species from its relatives. The fruits grow to such proportions that the persistent calyx-lobes tend to split, giving a very ragged appearance to the fruit clusters. The specimens Mutis 695, Dryander 1655, and Pérez Arbeldez and Cuatrecasas 5975, cited above, vary from the type in having smaller leaves (not over 9 cm. long and 3 cm. wide) and the stem decidedly geniculate. Otherwise, they agree with the description. 32A. Freziera canescens Humboldt & Bonpland forma rufescens, forma nova. A typo differt ramulis foliisque pubescentibus rufescentibus. DiIstTRIBUTION: South America (Ecuador). Ecuapor: In the Ecuadorian Andes, R. Spruce 5089 (tTyPE, G; isotypes, FM, NY), 1857-1859. This form is separated from the species on the dense colorful pubescence on the under surface of the leaves. Otherwise, it agrees well with the species. 33. Freziera candicans Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 8: 328. Lettsomia candicans (Tul.) Choisy in Mém. Soc. Phys. Geneve, 14: 125. 1855. Eurya candicans (Tul.) Szyszylowicz in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflan- zenfam. III. 6: 190. 1893.— Melchior in ese: & Prantl, op. cit., ed. 2, 21: 149. 1925. Eurya Seemanniana Pittier in Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 480. 1922. — Melchior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 149, 1925.— Standley in Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. ser. 18: 701. 1937, Fresiera Seemanniana (Pittier) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 355. 1938. Freziera sericea Hemsley, Biol. Centr.-Amer. 1:93. 1879.— Non Humboldt & Bonpland (1808). 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 493 DISTRIBUTION: Central America (Costa Rica, Panama); South America (Venezuela, Colombia). PanaMA: Chiriqui, forests around El] Boquete, alt. 1000-1300 m., H. Pittier 2944 (type of F. Seemanniana, US; isotypes, FM, G), March 1911 (middle-sized tree; “sajinillo”).—Same locality, alt. 1800 m., M. E. Davidson 562 (AA, FM), April 11, 1938 (tree 6-15 m. with pale yellow flowers).— Volcan de Chiriqui, vicinity of Casita Alta, alt. 1500-2000 m., R. E. Woodson, P. H. Allen and R. J. Seibert 904 (AA, FM, MO), June 1938 (tree 5 m. with yellowish white flowers). Costa Rica: region of Zarcero, alt. 1700-1800 m., Austin Smith 153 (FM, MO), H 224 (FM, MO), A 408 (FM, MO, NY), Aug. 1937-Jan. 1938. —La Palma de San Roman, alt. 1100 m., A. M. Brenes 4482, 5505 (FM).—Vara Blanca de Sarapiqui, north slope of Central Cordillera, between Pods and Barba Volcanoes, alt. 1950 m., A. F. Skutch 3479 (AA, NY), Jan. 1938 (tree 8 m. with white flowers).— Alajuela Prov., Volcan de Pods, moist forest, alt. 2100-2600 m., P. C. Standley 34641 (FM, US), Feb. 1924 (tree 6 m.). —San José Prov., moist forest, alt. 1500-1800 m., P. C. Standley 32629, 42534 (FM, NY, US), 42940 (US), Mar. 1924—Dec. 1925 (tree 6-15 m. with smooth, pale brown bark, white flowers and black fruit).— Prov. Cartago, brushy slope, P. C. Standley 39280 (US), Mar. 1924 (shrub 3.0-4.5 m.; fruit black). VENEZUELA: State of Aragua, near Colonia Tovar, A. Fendler 52 (G), 1854-1855. — Distr. Federal, Caracas, A. Bonpland s.n., (photo of TYPE, FM).— Camino de la Silla de Caracas, alt. 2100 m., E. Delgado 230 (US), Apr. 5, 1939.— La Cienega, Silla de Caracas, alt. 2000-2600 m., H. Pittier 8361 (G), Dec. 1918 (small tree, 6 m.).— Without exact locality, H. Karsten sn. (FM). Cotompta: Dept. El Cauca, Popayan, Timbio en Hatovieja, alt. 1800 m., E. Pérez Arbeldez and J. Cuatrecasas 6088 (US), July 14, 1939. Tree medium sized; young branchlets densely hairy at first, later smooth. Leaves petiolate, subcoriaceous; petioles hairy, winged, canaliculate, ca. 1.0-1.5 cm. long; blades ovate-lanceolate or ovate- oblong, 7-15 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, glabrous above, silky pubescent beneath, the margin usually serru- late, occasionally subentire. Flowers axillary, fasciculate (3-7), pedi- cellate, the pedicels 3-8 mm. long, hairy; bracteoles suborbicular, ca. 2-3 mm. long, sepaloid, densely pubescent; calyx-lobes 5, orbicular, imbricate, densely pubescent on outer surface (at least, the outer ones), 3-4 mm. long and broad; petals ovate, white, yellowish white or pale yellow, 6-8 mm. long, glabrous, lightly connate at base; stamens 20-25, uniseriate, adnate to the base of the petals, 2.0-2.5 mm. long; ovary 494. JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XxII ovoid, tapering into the short style, topped by 3—5-parted stigma. Fruit globose, black, glabrous, 7-9 mm. diam., 3—4—5-celled, many-seeded. This species, long overlooked by botanists, has an extensive range (Venezuela to Costa Rica) and has been misinterpreted as belonging to F. sericea, F. chrysophylla, and later to F. Seemanniana. There is considerable variation in the species, but no more than is found in all other species of this genus. The Panamanian material is characterized by entire or nearly entire leaves, while at all other locali- ties the material has serrulate leaves. This is one of the characters used by Pittier in separating the species from F. sericea. However, in the type of F. Seemanniana (Pittier 2944), evidences of serrulation can be seen on the leaf-margins. Woodson, Allen & Seibert 904 from the type locality has the more nearly entire-margins. However, in this specimen, the margin is somewhat revolute. In Davidson 562, also from the type locality, the leaf-margins are slightly serrulate. The Costa Rican material agrees more closely with that of South America. In both Standley 32636 (Costa Rica) and Delgado 230 (Venezuela) are found, on the same specimen, fruits with 3, 4 and 5 loculi. Karsten s.n. (Venezuela) has fruit that is 4-celled while in Skutch 3479 (Costa Rica), the fruit is 3-celled. Variation in density and color of pubescence is found. Usually the pubescence is white or yellowish. The variation in color is more particularly noticeable in the unfolding leaves. Pittier intimates that his Eurya Seemanniana is close to F. sericea. However, it is more nearly related to F. chrysophylla from which it is separated by the longer pedicelled flowers, globose fruit, less dense pubescence, and the pronounced veining on the upper surfaces of the leaves. 34. oe Peaches age Humboldt & Bonpland, Pl. Aequin. 1: 27, —Smith in Rees, Cyclop. 15: no. 6, 1810.— De ae ae 1: 525. 1824.—Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2: 596. 1825. — Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 64. 1835. -_— sericea H. & B. var. chrysophylla (H. & B.) Triana & Plan- n Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 4, 18: 263. 1862. — Wawra in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12!: 283. 2 Eurya sericea (H. & B.) Blume var. oe (H. & B.) Hierony- mus in Bot. Jahrb. 20, Beibl. 49: 49. DIstTRIBUTION: South America oes. Cotomsia: Dept. El Cauca, near Popayan, A. Bonpland s.n. (TYPE, Herb. Mus. Paris; fragment FM).— Cauca Valley, Rio Piendamo, alt. 1700-1900 m., F. W. Pennell & E. P. Killip 6386 (G, NY, US), June 6, 1922 (shrub in thicket growth).— Dept. El Cauca, Puracé, bushy 1941] KOBUSKI, STUDIES IN THE THEACEAE, VIII 495 slopes, alt. 1900-2100 m., Pennell & Killip 6403 (G, NY, US), June 1922 (tree with orange flowers).— Dept. El Cauca, Popayan, F. C. Lehmann 4450 (FM, G, US).— Dept. El Cauca, Popayan, H. Karsten s.n. (FM, Vienna) (fruit fleshy, edible).— Dept. Antioquia, between Carolina and Santa Rosa, alt. 2000-2500 m., F. C. Lehmann CCXIX (US), Sept. 1884. — Dept. Antioquia, Sonson, R. A. Toro 1230 (NY), July 20, 1928.— Dept. Antioquia, La Ceja, Bro. Daniel 401 (US), July 1934 (“cerezo de monte”).— Dept. Antioquia, Cerro de la Vieja, alt. 2650 m., Bro. Daniel 1708 (US), Dec. 1938.— Dept. Cundina- marca, Tenasuca, near Bogota, alt. 1800 m., J. Triana s.n. (NY). This species is characterized by lanceolate, petiolate, coriaceous leaves, glabrous above, sericeous below, acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, tapering into a winged, canaliculate petiole. The flowers are very short-pedicelled, quite small, with sericeous pedicels, bracteoles and calyx-lobes. The ovary is usually three-celled (four-celled, fide Humboldt and Bonpland) and the stigma three-lobed. Triana and Planchon reduced this species to a variety of F. sericea. The pubescence and longitudinal striations on the under surface of the leaves indicate this relationship. However, F. sericea has larger, sessile flowers in which the calyx-lobes are glabrous and the ovary five-ceiled. The leaves are sessile or subsessile and not as pronouncedly acuminate. More closely related is F. candicans. This last species ranges up into Costa Rica and has leaves which, though petioled and acuminate, are smaller, more ovate than lanceolate with pronounced, more strict veins on the upper surface and a much less dense and shorter pubescence on the under surface. The leaf-margin is entire, subentire or lightly serru- late. The flowers are definitely pedicellate, hence less crowded in the axils than those of F. chrysophylila. DOUBTFUL SPECIES Freziera Bonplandiana Tulasne in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 8: 335. 1847. DIstTRIBUTION: South America (Colombia? ). CoLomsBiA: A. Bonpland s.n. (photo and leaf fragment of type, M) The leaf is coriaceous, shining and glabrous above, appressed puberu- lent below. The veins are distinct, and close together. The leaf-base is obtuse and tapers into a winged, canaliculate petiole. The calyx- lobes are glabrous. According to Tulasne, there are ca. 25 stamens and the ovary is 3-celled. This species is most closely related to F. nervosa, which has a rounded leaf-base. The veins are lax and open, 496 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xxi compared with those of F. Bonplandiana. The calyx-lobes are pubescent and the stamen number is ten. This species seems to have been collected only once (probably in Colombia), reported as a new species by Tulasne and then never men- tioned again. The specific status must remain in question, perhaps, even after examining the type. The flowers appear (from photo) to be in the bud. Freziera conocarpa (O. Schmidt) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 354. 1938. Eurya conocarpa O. Schmidt in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. 22: 98. 1925. No material of this species is available for the present study. In the original description, Schmidt refers to the branchlets as opposite, alter- nate, or subverticillate, with the leaves at the apex of the branchlets. These characteristics plus a two-celled ovary with 4 ovules to each cell leads one to believe that the species probably belongs to Ternstroemia rather than Freziera as Schmidt suggests in his observations. Freziera monzonensis (Melchior) Kobuski in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 355. 1938. Eurya monzonensis Melchior in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 21: 149, 1938. DIsTRIBUTION: South America (Peru). Peru: Precise locality lacking, A. Weberbauer 3422 (photo of type, AA, FM, G). Melchior merely recorded this species in his treatment of the Thea- ceae (l.c.), intending, probably, to follow up later with a technical description. This, however, he neglected to do. From a photograph of the type, this species may be characterized by coriaceous, oblong-obovate leaves, 9-14 cm. long and 4—5 cm. wide, broadly acuminate at the apex, rounded or obtuse at the base, pubescent above where young, densely sericeous below, the margin slightly serrulate or subentire, the petiole 3.0-3.5 cm, long, winged, involute. Flowers 1-3, fasciculate, axillary, seemingly sessile and densely sericeous (buds only). Very closely related is F. reticulata var. subintegrifolia (Hieron.) Kobuski. However, F. monzonensis varies from this variety in the acuminate apex of the leaf and in the type of pubescence (sericeous) on the under surface of the leaf. Because of the longer silky sericeous pubescence the veining on the under surface is obscured. Otherwise these two seem to agree very well. HERBARIUM, ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 497 STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV* A. C. SMITH Tus paper discusses new and otherwise noteworthy species in the families Dilleniaceae, Actinidiaceae, and Ochnaceae. Specimens are cited from the herbaria of the Arnold Arboretum (A), New York Botani- cal Garden (NY), and Yale School of Forestry (Y); for specimens seen only in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum no place of deposit is indicated. DILLENIACEAE HisBBertTia Andr. Hibbertia Banksii (R. Br.) Benth. Fl. Austral. 1: 20. 1863; Bailey, Queensl. Fl. 1: 12. 1899. Hemistemma Banksii R. Br. ex DC. Reg. Syst. Veg. 1: 414. 1817. BritisH New GuINEA: Western Division, Tumbuke, Wassi Kussa River, Brass 8431 (shrub 1—2 m. high, common in Agonis scrubs; leaves stiff, convex, brown-pubescent beneath; flowers yellow). This is the second species of Hibbertia reported from New Guinea; it belongs in the Section Hemistemma, whereas H. novo-guineensis Gibbs, a montane species from the Arfak region, belongs in the Section Cyclan- dra, Group Subsessiles. The Brass specimen agrees precisely with Aus- tralian material of H. Banksii; some of its branchlets bear unusually large leaves, with blades up to 13 cm. long and 3 cm. broad. Wormia Rottb. Diels (in Bot. Jahrb. 57: 436-439. 1922) referred the Papuan species of this alliance to Dillenia, but other recent students, including Gilg and Werdermann (in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. ed. 2. 21: 33-36. 1925) and Corner (in Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 10: 3. 1939) separate Wormia and Dillenia. In view of the substantial differences in fruit between the two groups, this separation seems amply warranted; all of the Papuasian species appear to belong to Wormaia. *(Botanical Results of the Richard Archbold Expeditions) See Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: 60-80. 1941; op. cit. 231-252; op. cit. 343-374. 498 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. xxl Wormia (§ Exwormia) macrophylla ep ) Gilg & Werderm. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. ed. 2. 21: 35. Dillenia alata var. macrophylla Lauterb. in Bot. t. Jahrb, 45: 362. 1911; Lane-Poole, Rep. For. Res. Papua 116. 1925. Dillenia macrophylla Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 57: 437. 1922. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 50 m., Brass 14114 (canopy tree, attaining a height of about 25 m., very abundant and often gregarious in flooded rain-forests of river-plain; trunk up to 80 cm. in diameter, usually hollow; bark flaky, pale reddish brown; petals yellow; anthers red). The species has previously been reported from Neu-Mecklenburg and from the Ramu River in Northeastern New Guinea; according to Lane- Poole it is abundant in the latter locality. Wormia (§ Euwormia) crenata sp. nov. Arbor grandis ubique praeter inflorescentiam et petiolorum alas inter- dum sparse pallide puberulas glabra, ramulis fistulosis subteretibus vel apicem versus leviter complanatis siccitate rugosis cicatricosis; petiolis 4—6.5 cm. longis initio utrinque ala papyracea circiter 8 mm. lata superne auriculato-dilatata mox decidua ornatis, demum canaliculatis et longi- tudinaliter bicicatricosis; laminis subcoriaceis late ovato-ellipticis, 13-22 cm. longis, 10-18 cm. latis, basi truncatis vel obtusis, apice rotundatis vel inconspicue cuspidatis, margine grosse calloso-crenatis (dentibus 1—2.5 cm. distantibus), siccitate supra viridibus subtus fuscioribus, costa supra paullo elevata subtus prominente saepe carinata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 8—14 rectis erecto-patentibus in dentibus exeuntibus utrinque manifeste elevatis, nervis tertiariis transversis numerosissimis rete venu- larum utrinque prominulo conjunctis; inflorescentiis in extremitate ramulorum oppositifoliis floribus inclusis 5-8 cm. longis 2- vel 3-floris, pedunculo et rhachi gracilibus juventute dense aureo-sericeis glabre- scentibus, pedicellis sub anthesi circiter 1 cm. longis ut rhachi decidue sericeis; sepalis 5 subcoriaceis subaequalibus obovato-oblongis, 22—30 mm. longis, 18-24 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine subscariosis ciliatis et saepe inflexis, exterioribus extus dense et arcte aureo-velutinis, interioribus extus cinereo-sericeis; petalis desideratis; staminibus nu- merosis subaequalibus 11-13 mm. longis, filamentis castaneis ligulatis 6-8 mm. longis, antheris oblongis 5—7 mm. longis apice minute apiculatis poris subterminalibus dehiscentibus; carpellis circiter 7 glabris oblongis demum ad 15 mm. longis, stylis en filiformibus circiter 15 mm. longis. SOLOMON IsLANDs: Ysabel: Kakatio, alt. 900 m., Brass 3242 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 499 (handsome spreading tree, fairly common in rain-forests; bark thick, brittle, brown; wood yellowish; leaves very stiff, pale beneath; outer sepals orange; petals cream colored, falling without expanding; common name: kepe); Tatamba, alt. 50 m., Brass 3418 (type), Jan. 4, 1933 (very large straight-boled flanged tree, common in hardwood forests; bark pale brown, falling in soft scales; wood hard, brown; leaves very stiff; three outer sepals golden-yellow, the two inner ones pale green; petals white, falling without opening). Ulawa: alt. 250 m., Brass 2957 (gregarious large tree, common in mountain rain-forests; branches widely spreading; bark reddish brown, exfoliating in very thin flakes; leaves stiff, shining above, pale beneath; sepals red; petals yellow, falling without opening; lower part of trunk often giving rise to numerous erect coppice shoots). Wormia crenata is a relative of W. macrophylla (Lauterb.) Gilg & Werderm., from which it differs in its smaller and fewer-nerved leaf- blades with more conspicuously crenate margins, its fewer and smaller flowers, and its velutinous or sericeous rather than glabrous sepals. Wormia (§ Euwormia) nitida sp. nov. Arbor grandis, ramulis glabris subteretibus stramineis vel fuscis cica- tricosis; petiolis 4-6.5 cm. longis initio utrinque ala subcoriacea stra- mineo-sericea 4-5 mm. lata mox decidua ornatis; laminis subcoriaceis late ovatis, 11-20 cm. longis, 7-15 cm. latis, Had subcordatis, apice rotundatis, margine conspicue undulato-crenatis, supra nitidis glabris, subtus costa et nervis interdum inconspicue adpresso-sericeis et in angulis nervorum barbatis, costa supra paullo elevata et interdum inconspicue sulcata subtus prominente et carinata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 11-16 rectis patentibus marginem versus curvatis et indistincte anasto- mosantibus supra subplanis vel impressis subtus elevatis, nervis tertiariis transversis numerosis et rete venularum utrinque prominulis vel sub- planis; inflorescentiis sub anthesi ubique glabris apicem ramulorum versus oppositifoliis floribus inclusis 4-6 cm. longis 2—4-floris, pedunculo et rhachi crassis leviter angulatis, pedicellis sub anthesi 15-18 mm. longis; sepalis 5 subcoriaceis late ovatis vel suborbicularibus, apice ro- tundatis vel obtusis, exterioribus ad 33 mm. interioribus ad 25 mm. diametro; petalis desideratis; staminibus circiter 60 subaequalibus 15-18 mm. longis, filamentis ligulatis submembranaceis basim versus circiter 0.8 mm. latis, antheris lineari-oblongis acutis 7-8 mm. longis; carpellis 9-11 glabris sub anthesi rugosis et circiter 15 mm. longis sub fructu ad 25 mm. longis et 7-8 mm. latis, stylis filiformibus circiter 10 mm. longis. 500 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII British New Guinea: Central Division, Mafulu, alt. 1400 m., Brass 5282 (A, type, NY), Oct. 16, 1933 (large tree, plentiful in lime- stone forests, the trunk with heavy, rounded, short, spur buttresses; bark bright reddish brown, flaky; wood reddish brown, hard, heavy; leaves glossy, the nerves pale, impressed above, prominent beneath; outer sepals red, the inner ones yellow-green; common name [Kuni language]: manava, wood durable and used in building). Wormia nitida is closely related only to W. quercifolia White & Francis, from which it differs in having its leaf-blades subcordate rather than obtuse at base, its secondary nerves more numerous and with bar- bellate tufts of hairs in their axils, its inflorescence more robust, and its flowers nearly twice as large in all parts. Wormia (§ Euwormia) insignis sp. nov. Arbor ad 30 m. alta ubique praeter inflorescentiam glabra, ramulis subteretibus fuscis oblique cicatricosis; petiolis 4-6.5 cm. longis utrinque ala subcoriacea ad 8 mm. lata inferne gradatim attenuata superne ad laminam abrupte rotundata vel inconspicue auriculata per- sistenter ornatis; laminis subcoriaceis siccitate fuscis ellipticis, 8-11 cm. longis, 5-8 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel obtusis et interdum alis petio- lorum confluentibus, apice obtusis vel inconspicue cuspidatis, margine integris, costa supra inconspicue elevata subtus prominente et carinata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 6-8 rectis erecto-patentibus marginem versus arcuatis et inconspicue anastomosantibus supra subplanis subtus acute elevatis, rete venularum supra immerso subtus leviter prominulo vel plano; racemis brevibus subterminalibus saepe 2-floris, pedunculo, rhachi, et pedicellis 35-45 mm. longis validis debiliter cinereo-pilosis ; sepalis 5 subcoriaceis, suborbicularibus vel elliptico-oblongis, apice rotundatis, margine scariosis et saepe leviter ciliatis, extus sericeo- puberulis glabrescentibus, exterioribus 18-23 mm. interioribus 25-27 mm. diametro; petalis 5 papyraceis vel submembranaceis subcucullatis obovato-oblongis, 30-35 mm. longis, 20-30 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, basim versus angustatis, inconspicue nervatis, mox caducis; staminibus numerosissimis circiter 3-seriatis subaequalibus 23-28 mm. longis, fila- mentis castaneis submembranaceis ligulatis 14-20 mm. longis, basim versus 1—1.5 mm. latis, superne gradatim angustatis, antheris lineari- oblongis 7-9 mm. longis, apice minute apiculatis poris subterminalibus dehiscentibus; carpellis circiter 9 oblongis sub anthesi 10-12 mm. longis dense cinereo-sericeis (pilis 0.5-1 mm. longis); stylis subulato-fili- formibus 12-15 mm. longis, basi in columnam crassam circiter 4 mm. longam et 3 mm. diametro sericeam connatis, superne glabris et recurvatis. 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 501 SoLomon IsLanps: Bougainville: Kupei Gold Field, alt. 1000 m., Kajewski 1740 (type), April 18, 1930 (large tree to 30 m. high, common in rain-forest; pedicels pink, covered with light fine hairs; petals apricot to dark pink, very showy; stamens light brown, paler distally; styles light green). This remarkably distinct species is characterized by its comparatively small and few-nerved leaf-blades, long petioles with conspicuously broad and persistent wings, few flowers, sericeous sepals, extremely long fila- ments, sericeous carpels, and basally connate styles. Probably most closely related to W. macrophylla (Lauterb.) Gilg & Werderm. and its allies, the new species is readily distinguished by the above-mentioned characters. Wormia (§Euwormia) ingens (Burtt) comb. nov. Dillenia ingens Burtt in Kew Bull. 1935: 299, 1935. SoLomon IsLtanps: Bougainville: Kugumaru, Buin, alt. 150 m., Kajewski 1973 (large tree up to 20 m. high, common in rain- forest; leaf-blades up to 75 cm. long and 40 cm. broad; fruiting pedicels pink; common name: aukaba; fruits and leaves eaten by opossums). Ysabel: Garona River, Brass 3353 (few-branched tree up to 20 m. high, common in swampy lowland rain-forests; bark brown, uneven; wood brown, with numerous very distinct rays; leaves clustered towards ends of branches, the blades up to 1 m. long and 50 cm. broad or more, with a broad pale stripe along center of costa on upper surface, the secondary nerves very pale; fruiting sepals red). The type collection of this striking tree was obtained on Bougainville, and a second collection was mentioned by Burtt as from New Georgia. Our material differs from the original description only in its even larger leaves, its stipules to 11 cm. in diameter, and its sepals to 5 cm. long. Waterhouse 25 (Y, type coll.) also has larger stipules than those men- tioned by Burtt. Wormia (§ Capellia) auriculata (Martelli) Gilg & Werderm. in Engl. -& Prantl, Nat. Pfl. ed. 2.21: 35. 1925. Dillenia auriculata Martelli in Becc. Malesia 3: 159. 1886. BritisH NEw Guinea: Western Division, Fly River, 528-mile Camp, alt. 80 m., Brass 6821 (tall tree, in canopy layer of ridge-forests ; leaves glossy, glabrous; flowers showy, about 10 cm. in diameter, the petals and stamens yellow, the carpels red); Palmer River, 2 miles below junction with Black River, alt. 100 m., Brass 7275 (slender tree 30 m. tall, in ridge-forest canopy layer; trunk supported on prop-roots 502 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII about 1 m. long; bark reddish brown, flaky; wood, hard, brown; leaves stiff, glabrous, smooth, shining; flowers yellow, 11 cm. in diameter). Wormia auriculata a previously been reported only from the type collection from northwestern Netherlands New Guinea. The species is known to me only from the original description, which appears to agree precisely with the Brass specimens in all essential details. The present collections have leaves with deciduous barbellate tufts of hair in the axils of secondary nerves beneath, and the carpels are usually 7 (rather than 10 as reported by Martelli). ACTINIDIACEAE SAURAUIA Willd. Burtt (in Hook. Ic. Pl. 34: pl. 3316. 1936) has remarked that the series proposed for the Papuasian species of Saurauia by Diels (in Bot. Jahrb. 57: 441. 1922) and subsequently adopted by Gilg and Werder- mann (in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. ed. 2. 21: 44. 1925) are largely arti- ficial. It is true that such characters as the position and branching of the inflorescence, the degree of development of enveloping bracts, the pubescence of the lower surfaces of leaf-blades, and several others used by Diels to distinguish his series do not seem fundamental. As Burtt suggests, the type of indument may give a more dependable indication of the true relationships of the species. But, until some careful monog- rapher has worked upon the genus in its entire range and has learned to distinguish between the fundamental and inconsequential characters, it seems advisable to follow the only system thus far proposed for the Old World species. The species of Saurauia are not difficult to recognize when adequate material is available, but characters which are fairly stable (i.e. type, direction, and length of hairs, shape of scales, size of flowers, number and arrangement of stamens, stylar arrangement, etc.) have not always been adequately described. In the following discussion of new and otherwise noteworthy species, the arrangement of Gilg and Werdermann is followed. Many species of Saurauia have abundant and obvious fusiform crystal- bearing cells; the presence of these will perhaps be usable as a differen- tiating specific character, but up to the present they have scarcely been mentioned in formal descriptions. These cells contain both raphides and styloids and are most obvious in the leaves, petals, and ovaries of certain species. From the material thus far available, it seems that only a few Papuasian species of Saurauia are to be considered abundant. Among 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 503 these are S. conferta Warb. (throughout New Guinea and in the Solo- mons), S. Dufaurii (F. v. Muell.) Diels (in British New Guinea), and S. Schumanniana (in Northeastern New Guinea and the Solomons). These species occur in rain-forests at comparatively low altitudes, rarely as high as 1200 m. Most Papuasian species of the genus, and especially those occurring at high elevations, appear to have very restricted ranges. Saurauia calyptrata Lauterb. in Nova Guinea Bot. 8: 838. 1912; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 57: 446. 1922. Saurauia eximia Ridley in Trans. Linn. Soc, II. Bot. 9: 14. pl. 1, fig. 15-19. 1916. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2600 m., Brass 10908 (tree 3 m. high, on open bank of stream in forest; flowers white). A careful comparison of the original descriptions of S. calyptrata and S. eximia indicates that only one species is concerned. It appears that Ridley misinterpreted the calyptrate bracteoles as “outer sepals” (fig. 16); these bracteoles are clearly present and completely enclose the young flowers on the present specimen. Brass 10908 differs from the original descriptions in having its leaf-blades sometimes up to 7 cm. long and 3.5 cm. broad, its secondary nerves occasionally 8 in number, its pedicels to 3.5 cm. long, its flowers slightly smaller, and its stamens about 40 in number; these differences seem of no more than individual consequence. The leaf-blade and the ovary-wall of the Brass specimen have very obvious and abundant fusiform crystal-bearing cells. Saurauia excurrens sp. nov. Arbor 8-10 m. alta, ramis elongatis dependulis excurrentibus, ramulis gracilibus purpurascentibus apicem versus leviter angulatis et squamulas parvas deltoideas obtusas sparsas gerentibus demum subteretibus et glabris; petiolis gracilibus 7-22 mm. longis canaliculatis ut ramulis decidue squamulosis: laminis chartaceis anguste lanceolato-oblongis, 10-22 cm. longis, 1.5-3.5 cm. latis, basi acutis vel attenuatis, apice gradatim acuminatis, margine inconspicue crenato-serratis (dentibus 4—6 per centimetrum minute callosis) vel subintegris, supra siccitate fuscis et glabris, subtus pallidioribus et sparsim squamulosis mox glabris, costa supra valde impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrin- secus Circiter 50 cum aliis debilioribus interspersis patentibus nervo sub- marginali conjunctis supra subplanis subtus prominulis, rete venularum inconspicuo vel subtus paullo prominulo; inflorescentiis fasciculatis plerumque 4—10-floris axillaribus vel e ramulis defoliatis orientibus, bracteis ut videtur nullis vel mox caducis, pedicellis gracilibus 8-11 mm. 504 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voOL. Xx longis inconspicue squamulosis basim versus bracteolis 2 oblongis acutis 1.5-2 mm. longis squamulosis ornatis; floribus sub anthesi 10-13 mm. diametro ubique glabris; sepalis 5 papyraceis orbiculari-oblongis rotun- datis valde inaequalibus, 2 exterioribus 2—2.5 mm. longis 1.5-2 mm. latis, 3 interioribus 3-4 mm. longis et latis; petalis 5 vel 6 sub anthesi patentibus membranaceis oblongis, circiter 7 mm. longis, 3-5 mm. latis, apice rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis; staminibus 30-40 plerumque 2-seriatis 2-3 mm. longis, filamentis membranaceis ligulatis basim versus connatis, antheris oblongis 1-1.2 mm. longis obtusis basim versus dorsi- fixis; ovario subgloboso 1.5—2 mm. diametro, stylis 3 inferne in columnam gracilem connatis 3—3.5 mm. longis in triente superiore liberis, loculis 3. NETHERLANDS New GuINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 850 m., Brass 13265 (TYPE), March 1939 (tree 8-10 m. high, common in open seral growths on flood-plains in rain- forest; branches long, drooping, excurrent and grouped at intervals; flowers white). Saurauia excurrens is a very distinct species, characterized by its narrow and multinerved leaf-blades, its compact inflorescence usually best developed on the older parts of branchlets, its glabrous flowers, unequal sepals, comparatively few stamens, and three styles. In the system of Diels, it should be placed in the Series Ramiflorae, but its rela- tionship to the only Papuan species of this series, S. Rodatzii Lauterb. & K. Schum., is remote. A better place for the new species is probably the Series Squamulosae; the above mentioned characters amply dis- tinguish it from its allies, of which S. desquamulata Diels is perhaps the closest. Saurauia rubrisquamata sp. nov. Arbor gracilis 3-5 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus fistulosis subteretibus mox glabris; squamulis ramulorum juvenilium, petiolorum, inflore- scentiae ramulorum, et calycis rubris carnosis (ex Brass) elongato- deltoideis acutis (1-)2-4 mm. longis; petiolis 10-18 mm. longis; laminis chartaceis obovatis, 8-15 cm. longis, 4-7 cm. latis, basi late cuneatis vel obtusis, apice cuspidatis vel breviter acuminatis, margine conspicue calloso-mucronulatis (setis crassis paullo curvatis 1-2 mm. longis), utrinque hinc inde praecipue in costa nervisque squamulosis, subtus pallidioribus, costa supra paullo elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-9 arcuato-adscendentibus supra prominulis subtus elevatis, venulis supra paucis prominulis; inflorescentiis axillari- bus cymosis plerumque 3-5-floris, pedunculo gracili 3-6 cm. longo sparsim squamuloso, bracteis papyraceis obovato-oblongis cuspidatis 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 505 ad 15 mm. longis utrinque squamulosis, pedicellis gracilibus 10-22 mm. longis medium versus vel supra bracteolis 2 linearibus circiter 4 mm. longis ornatis; floribus sub anthesi circiter 3 cm. diametro; calyce ut pedicellis bracteolisque squamulis deltoideis ad 3 mm. longis interdum imbricatis ornatis, sepalis 5 papyraceis lanceolato-oblongis, 7-9 mm. longis, 3-4 mm. latis, apice obtusis; petalis 5 patentibus membranaceis anguste oblongis, 13-15 mm. longis, 5-6 mm. latis, integris, apice rotundatis; staminibus circiter 60 plerumque 2-seriatis 3.5—-5 mm. longis, filamentis submembranaceis castaneis 1—-2.5 mm. longis inferne connatis, antheris oblongis circiter 2.5 mm. longis; ovario depresso-subgloboso 2-3 mm. diametro glabro, stylis 5 basim versus in columnam crassam connatis 5—6 mm. longis superne liberis, stigmatibus minute capitatis. BritisH New GuINEA: Central Division, Mt. Tafa, alt. 2400 m., Brass 4878 (A, TypE, NY), Aug. 27, 1933 (slender tree 3-5 m. high, plentiful on forest regrowths on landslides; leaves fleshy, rough with pale fleshy processes; pedicels and sepals covered with fleshy red scales; petals white). Saurauia rubrisquamata is best placed in the Series Sguamulosae as a relative of S. desquamulata Diels and S. Lorentzii Lauterb.; it differs from both in the more numerous and persistent scales of its petioles, leaf- blades, inflorescences, etc., and in its much larger flowers. From S desquamulata it further differs in its leaf-blades with conspicuously callose-mucronulate margins and fewer secondaries, and from S. Lorentzii in its proportionately broader leaf-blades. Possibly a closer relative of the new species is S. bifida Warb., which Diels refers to the Series Setosae, although it seems somewhat transitional between the two series. Saurauia rubrisquamata is readily distinguished from S. bifida by its more conspicuous, larger, and usually less pointed scales and its large flowers. Saurauia belensis sp. nov. Arbor parva circiter 2.5 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus purpurascentibus subteretibus juventute squamulis deltoideis obtusis circiter 1 mm. longis dispersis ornatis mox glabris; petiolis gracilibus leviter canaliculatis 7-15 mm. longis ut ramulis parce decidue squamulosis; laminis sub- coriaceis obovato-ellipticis, 7-10 cm. longis, 3—4.5 cm. latis, basi obtusis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice acuminatis (acumine angusto 5-12 mm, longo), margine anguste recurvatis et superne grosse calloso-crenu- latis, utrinque glabris vel subtus disperse squamulosis, supra cellulis crystalliferis copiose ornatis, costa utrinque paullo elevata, nervis lat- eralibus utrinsecus 6-8 arcuato-adscendentibus supra paullo impressis 506 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII subtus prominulis, rete venularum inconspicuo supra interdum leviter impresso; inflorescentiis axillaribus cymosis ut videtur 3-floris, pedunculo gracili ad 4.5 cm. longo et pedicellis parce squamulosis, bracteis papyra- ceis glabris anguste obovato-oblongis circiter 10 mm. longis et 3 mm. latis, pedicellis gracilibus 1-4 cm. longis medium versus bracteolis 2 ut bracteis sed 3-6 mm. longis ornatis; floribus ubique glabris sub anthesi circiter 25 mm. diametro, segmentis perianthii cellulis crystalliferis ornatis; sepalis 5 anguste imbricatis papyraceis subaequalibus concavis suborbiculari-oblongis, 6-8 mm. longis et latis; petalis 5 submembrana- ceis obovato-oblongis, 13—15 mm. longis, 7-9 mm. latis, apice rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis; staminibus 80-100 plerumque 2-seriatis 3-6 mm. longis, filamentis ad 2.5 mm. longis basim versus connatis, antheris line- ari-oblongis 2.5-3.5 mm. longis; ovario depresso-subgloboso circiter 3 mm. diametro pilis pallidis breviter villoso, stylis 5 gracilibus circiter 5 mm. longis ad basim liberis, stigniatibus minute capitatis. NETHERLANDS NEw Guinea: Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2200 m., Brass 11274 (TyPE), Nov. 1938 (tree 2.5 m. high, in rain-forest of flood-banks; flowers white). Saurauia belensis is characterized by its essentially glabrous habit, sharply acuminate leaf-blades, large flowers, and conspicuous narrow bracts. It is apparently best placed in the Series Squamulosae, differing from S. Lorentzii Lauterb., probably its closest ally, in the above men- tioned characters and its proportionately broader leaf-blades. Saurauia albiflora sp. nov. Arbor parva circiter 2 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus nigre- scentibus squamulas suborbiculares 0.5—1 mm. longas saepe apiculatas copiose gerentibus demum glabrescentibus; petiolis leviter canaliculatis 6-10 mm. longis ut ramulis squamulosis; laminis chartaceis siccitate fuscis oblongis vel anguste obovato-oblongis, 7-12 cm. longis, 2.5—4 cm. latis, basi acutis, apice inconspicue cuspidatis, margine subintegris vel obscure calloso-crenulatis, supra glabris (in costa interdum parce squamulosis), subtus in costa nervisque squamulis ut eis ramulorum hinc inde ornatis, costa supra acute elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 13-18 (cum aliis debilioribus interspersis) patenti- us valde curvatis et marginem versus adscendentibus supra subplanis subtus prominulis, rete venularum inconspicuo supra interdum im- presso; inflorescentiis breviter cymosis vel pseudofasciculatis ad 1.5 cm. longis 1—3-floris, pedunculo brevi pedicellisque nigrescentibus parce squamulosis glabrescentibus, bracteis anguste oblongis 2—3 mm. longis acutis, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 5-9 mm. longis minute bibracteo- 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 507 latis cum calyce articulatis; floribus glabris, sepalis 5 inaequalibus con- cavis chartaceis suborbicularibus rotundatis, 2 exterioribus 3-3.5 mm 2 interioribus 4-5 mm. diametro; petalis 5 patentibus submembranaceis oblongis, circiter 8 mm. longis et 4 mm. latis, apice rotundatis; stamini- bus numerosissimis (circiter 150) pluriseriatis, filamentis 2-4 mm. longis basim versus connatis superne filiformibus, antheris oblongis circiter 1.5 mm. longis; ovario subconico 1—-1.5 mm. longo glabro, stylis 5 cir- citer 2 mm. longis in columnam ad apicem connatis, stigmatibus minute divaricatis. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Balim River, alt. 1800 m., Brass 11767 (TYPE), Dec. 1938 (tree 2 m. high, rare in sparse secondary forest; flowers white). A member of the Series Squamulosae, S. albiflora is closely related only to S. Dufauri (F. v. Muell.) Diels, from which it differs in its more numerous and more definitely spreading secondary nerves, its short pedicellate flowers, and the absence of scales from its calyces. Saurauia macrantha sp. nov. Arbor ad 22 m. alta, ramulis crassis fistulosis squamulas suborbiculares umbonatas circiter 1 mm. diametro copiose gerentibus atque aculeis ad 1.5 mm. longis hinc inde saepe armatis; foliis apicem ramulorum versus saepe aggregatis, petiolis crassis leviter canaliculatis 1-5 cm. longis squamulis ut eis ramulorum vel deltoideo-cuspidatis dense praeditis; laminis subcoriaceis siccitate fusco-olivaceis oblongis vel obovato- oblongis, 10-23 cm. longis, 4-8.5 cm. latis, basi obtusis et interdum inaequilateralibus, apice obtusis saepe apiculatis, margine dentibus in- conspicuis callosis 3—7 per centimetrum crenulatis, supra praeter costam sparse umbonato-squamulosam glabris, subtus squamulis parvis umbo- natis vel interdum setiformibus et patentibus praecipue in costa nervisque ornatis, costa supra prominula subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 12-20 arcuatis supra prominulis subtus paullo elevatis, rete venularum subimmerso; inflorescentiis axillaribus paniculatis sub anthesi 4-14 cm. longis plerumque 3—5-floris, pedunculo, bracteis, pedicellis ut ramulis squamulosis, pedunculo gracili apice flores saepe congestos gerentibus, bracteis anguste oblongis acutis ad 5 mm. longis mox caducis, pedicellis gracilibus ad 30 mm. longis, bracteolis 2 inconspicuis vel nullis; floribus sub anthesi circiter 25 mm. diametro; sepalis 5 inaequalibus, 2 exterioribus subcoriaceis oblongis apice rotundatis, 6-9 mm. longis, 6-7 mm. latis, extus squamulis adpressis deltoideo-suborbicularibus plerumque obtusis saepe mucronulatis praeditis, 3 interioribus papyraceis orbiculari-obovatis rotundatis, 12-15 mm. longis, 9-15 mm. latis, glabris 508 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx vel ad lineam medianam dorso parce squamulosis; petalis 5 glabris sub anthesi patentibus tenuiter carnosis vel submembranaceis obovato- oblongis, 13-16 mm. longis, 8-11 mm. latis, apice rotundatis; staminibus numerosissimis pluriseriatis, filamentis liberis filiformi-ligulatis gracili- bus 2—4 mm. longis, antheris oblongis 2.5—3.5 mm. longis; ovario glabro conico circiter 3 mm. longo, stylis 5 ad apicem in columnam crassam circiter 5 mm. longam coalitis, stigmatibus minute capitatis sub- cohaerentibus. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2700-2800 m., Brass & Versteegh 10497 (TyPE), Nov. 7, 1938 (tree 22 m. high, common in old secondary forest in a valley, the trunk 28 cm. diam., the crown not wide-spreading, the bark black, 7 mm. thick, fissured, rough, the wood yellow; flowers white), Brass 10780 (tree to 18 m. high, frequent in older secondary forest on landslips and banks of creeks; flowers white). Apparently a member of the Series Squamulosae, S. macrantha does not seem closely related to any described species. Its closest ally is perhaps S. Gjellerupii Lauterb., from which it obviously differs in its squamulate indument, the obtuse apex of its leaf-blades, its compara- tively few-flowered inflorescence, and its much larger flowers. The presence of a few obscure thorns on the branchlets may indicate a relationship with such species of the Series Armatae as S. sterrolepida Diels, a species with a contracted inflorescence and much smaller flowers and leaf-blades, the latter with only 5 or 6 lateral nerves. Saurauia fimbriata sp. nov. Arbor 4-5 m. alta, ramulis purpurascentibus subteretibus fistulosis squamulas adpressas deltoideas ad 1.5 mm. longas obtusas margine erosulas vel fimbriatas gerentibus demum glabrescentibus; petiolis canaliculatis 1.5—4 cm. longis ut ramulis squamulosis; laminis chartaceis oblongo-ellipticis, 12—21 cm. longis, 4.5—8 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice conspicue acuminatis (acumine ad 15 mm. longo), margine dentibus parvis spinulosis 3—S per centimetrum crenulatis, supra siccitate fuscis glabris, subtus pallidioribus et squamulis ut eis ramulorum vel pili- formibus praecipue in costa nervisque ornatis, costa supra paullo elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 10-13 adscendentibus utrinque paullo elevatis, rete venularum intricato subtus leviter promi- nulo; inflorescentiis axillaribus paniculatis vel pseudocymosis 3—9-floris sub anthesi ad 8 cm. longis, pedunculo gracili ut ramulis foliatis squamu- losis; squamulis bractearum, bracteolarum calycisque stramineis ad- pressis imbricatis oblongis vel elongato-deltoideis obtusis ad 1 mm. longis 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 509 margine saepe conspicue multifimbriatis; bracteis papyraceis oblongis 7-12 mm. longis, pedicellis ad 17 mm. longis bracteolas 2 vel 3 calyci adpressas apice gerentibus, bracteolis submembranaceis elliptico-oblongis apice rotundatis, 6—9 mm. longis, 4-7 mm. latis; sepalis 5 papyraceis vel submembranaceis concavis ellipticis, 9-10 mm. longis, 6-8 mm. latis, apice rotundatis; petalis 5 membranaceis elliptico-oblongis glabris, 10-12 mm. longis, 5-6 mm. latis, apice plerumque emarginatis; staminibus 100-125, 2- vel 3-seriatis 3.5—-5.5 mm. longis, filamentis membranaceis 1.5-3 mm. longis basim versus connatis superne ligulato-filiformibus, antheris lineari-oblongis 2—2.5 mm, longis acutis; ovario subgloboso 2-3 mm. diametro pilis pallidis circiter 1 mm. longis dense tomentoso, stylis 5 triente inferiore coalitis 4-5 mm. longis superne gracilibus, stig- matibus capitatis. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 850 m., Brass 13394 (TYPE), March 1939 (tree 4-5 m. high, common in young seral growths on sandy flood-banks in rain-forest; flowers white). Saurauia fimbriata is a very distinct species of the Series Sguamulosae, readily distinguished by its conspicuous (but scarcely enveloping) bracts and bracteoles, which, together with the sepals, are densely squamulate with imbricate and beautifully fimbriate scales. Its closest relative may be S. zboana Diels, from which it differs in its proportionately broader leaf-blades, more numerous flowers, and pubescent ovary, as well as in the scales of the inflorescence. Saurauia Schumanniana Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 57: 448. 1922. Saurauia rosea Lauterb. & K. Schum. in K. Schum. & Lauterb. FI. Deutsch. Schutzg. Stdsee 446. 1901; Rechinger in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien 89: 579. 1913; non S. rosea Jungh. (1841). SOLOMON IsLANDS: Bougainville: Keita, near sea-level, Kajewski 1527. Florida (N’Gela): alt. 50 m., Brass 3506. Ysabel: Meringe, alt. 250 m., Brass 3188. Guadalcanal: Uulolo, Tutuve Mt., alt. 1200 m., Kajewski 2523. San Cristoval: Huro River, Brass 2608 ; Hinuahaoro, alt. 900 m., Brass 3038. Saurauia Schumanniana has previously been reported from several collections in Northeastern New Guinea and also from Bougainville (by Rechinger). It appears to occur in some abundance in the Solomons, where Brass and Kajewski report it as a large shrub or a small tree sometimes up to 12 m. high, with white or pale pink petals. A common name is teng-eng-sorsor (Guadalcanal). Saurauia purgans Burtt, as represented by Waterhouse 33 (Y, type 510 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx coll.) from Bougainville, is very close to S. Schumanniana and doubtfully distinct from it. The hairs of the calyx are slightly denser, crisper, and more spreading than those found on the above-cited specimens, but this is a character of dubious specific value in Saurauia. Saurauia holotricha Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 57: 450. 1922. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1750 m., Brass 12228 (small tree to 3 m. high, common in rain-forest gullies; branches spreading; flowers white). The species has previously been reported only from the neighboring Sepik region in Northeastern New Guinea. Our specimen agrees very well with the original description in all details except its somewhat shorter sepals. Saurauia Dielsiana sp. nov. Arbor parva ad 6 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus fistulosis juventute pilis ad 2 mm. longis dense setosis vel strigosis demum glabre- scentibus; petiolis gracilibus 10-15 mm. longis ut ramulis pubescenti- bus; laminis chartaceis obovato-ellipticis, 8-16 cm. longis, 3—6 cm. latis, basi acutis, apice cuspidatis vel acuminatis (acumine ad 1 cm. longo), margine dentibus parvis spinulosis numerosis inconspicue crenulatis, supra fuscis breviter strigosis demum glabrescentibus, subtus pilis pallide brunneis crispulis simplicibus 0.5-1 mm. longis ubique et uniformiter setosis vel strigosis, costa supra paullo elevata subtus prominente, nervis secondariis utrinsecus 8-12 arcuatis vel adscendentibus supra subplanis subtus prominulis, venulis plerumque planis; inflorescentiis axillaribus paniculatis sub anthesi 4-9 cm. longis plerumque 6—12(—25)-floris, pedunculo, ramulis, pedicellis sepalisque ut ramulis foliatis pubescenti- bus (pilis ad 2 mm. longis); bracteis papyraceis extus vel utrinque setosis nunc foliaceis et ad 15 mm. longis et 6 mm. latis nunc lineari- oblongis vel ellipticis et 3-6 mm. longis demum caducis; pedicellis gracilibus ad 13 mm. longis bracteolas 2 ut bracteas sed 2—5 mm. longas caducas gerentibus; sepalis 5 papyraceis oblongis, 5-7 mm. longis, 3—4 mm. latis, apice obtusis vel acutis, interioribus margine glabris; petalis 5 membranaceis glabris oblongis, 6-11 mm. longis, 3-4 mm. latis, apice leviter emarginatis vel rotundatis; staminibus plerumque 100-150 et pluriseriatis 2—4 mm. longis, filamentis ligulato-filiformibus 1—-2.5 mm. longis basim versus cohaerentibus, antheris dorsifixis oblongis 1-1.8 mm. longis acutis; ovario glabro depresso-subgloboso 2—4 mm. diametro, stylis 5 infra medium vel basi coalitis 3—4 mm. longis superne liberis et gracili- bus, stigmatibus minute capitatis. 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 511 British New GuINEA: Central Division, Mafulu, alt. 1250 m., Brass 5414 (A, Typr, NY), Nov. 1, 1933 (common small tree of sec- ondary forest growths; flowers white); Mt. Tafa, alt. 2400 m., Brass 4837 (A, NY) (tree 2.5—-3 m. high, common on brushy banks of a gully in forest; leaves dull; flowers pale pink); Eastern Division, U-uma River headwaters, Brass 1462 (tree to 6 m. high, in riverine rain-forest; leaves pale and prominently nerved beneath; flowers pink). I cannot agree with Diels (in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 241. 1929) in referring Brass 1462 to S. Andreana (F.v. Muell.) Oliver of Queensland, which, however, is apparently a closely related species. Saurauia Dielsi- ana differs from S. Andreana in having its inflorescence much longer, freely branched, and with many (rather than 1-3) flowers, its pedicels longer, and its petals oblong rather than obovate or orbicular-obovate. Both species are perhaps best referred to the Series Setosae; among Papuasian species of this series, S. holotricha Diels is related to the new species but differs in the long setose hairs of its branchlets, petioles, and leaf-nerves, its shorter inflorescence, larger flowers, etc. Saurauia Dielsiana also bears a resemblance to such species of the Series Rufae as S. egregia Diels, from which it differs in its lack of swollen scales on the branchlets, the simple hairs of the lower surfaces of leaves, its acute leaf-base, fewer secondaries, etc. Brass 4837, occurring at higher elevations than the other two speci- mens cited, disagrees with them in having slightly longer pubescence, more ascending secondaries, longer petals, and fewer stamens; these differences appear to me of little more thamindividual consequence and are included in the description. Saurauia Kajewskii sp. nov. Arbor parva ad 10 m. alta, ramulis purpurascentibus fistulosis juven- tute pilis circiter 2 mm. longis densissime adpresso-strigosis mox glabre- scentibus; petiolis 15-22 mm. longis ut ramulis strigosis; laminis charta- ceis oblongo-ellipticis, 14-23 cm. longis, 6-10 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice acuminatis (acumine conspicuo ad 15 mm. longo), margine dentibus callosis et setosis inconspicuis 6-8 per centimetrum ornatis, utrinque praecipue subtus pilis subadpressis 1-2 mm. longis sericeis vel crispulo-strigosis indutis, costa utrinque elevata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 10-13 arcuato-adscendentibus supra planis subtus prominulis, venulis inconspicuis; inflorescentiis axillaribus vel e ramulis infra folia orientibus paniculatis sub anthesi 5-10 cm. longis 3—9-floris, pedunculo, ramulis, pedicellis, bracteis, bracteolis sepalisque ut ramulis foliatis dense ferrugineo-strigosis; bracteis linearibus circiter 10 mm. longis et 512 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. xxl 2 mm. latis, bracteolis infra medium pedicellorum sed minoribus, pedi- cellis gracilibus 10-25 mm. longis; sepalis 5 subcoriaceis deltoideo- oblongis acutis sub fructu ad 10 mm. longis et 6—8 mm. latis; petalis 5 submembranaceis oblongis, 8-10 mm. longis, apice leviter emarginatis; staminibus numerosissimis pluriseriatis 2-4 mm. longis, filamentis ligu- latis 1.5—2.5 mm. longis basi cohaerentibus, antheris anguste oblongis obtusis 1.5—2 mm. longis; ovario depresso-subgloboso glabro, stylis 5 circiter 4 mm. longis ad basim liberis, stigmatibus minute capitatis. SoLoMon IsLANps: Bougainville: Kupei Village, alt. 750 m., Kajewski 1726 (type), April 16, 1930 (small tree to 10 m. high, common in rain-forest; petals white; anthers yellow; fruit light green, depressed- globose, about 11 by 15 mm., the pericarp more or less transparent). Saurauia Kajewskii falls into the Series Setosae and appears related to S. holotricha Diels and the preceding new species (S. Dielsiana). From the former it differs in the closer and subappressed (rather than spread- ing) hairs of branchlets, leaves, and inflorescences, in its larger leaf- blades, more copiously branching inflorescences, and proportionately broader sepals. From the latter it is readily distinguished by the more copious pubescence throughout, the larger leaf-blades, fewer and larger flowers, etc. Saurauia Kajewskii is not closely related to the few other species known from the Solomons. Saurauia Brassii Diels in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 81, 240. 1929. BritisH NEw GuIneEA: Central Division, Kubuna, alt. 100 m., Brass 5624 (A, NY) (erect small tree, not common, in forest on river-bank ; branches few; flowers white). The second collection of this species agrees perfectly with the type, having its leaf-blades, however, up to 40 cm. long and 15 cm. broad. As flowers were lacking from the original collection, I add a description of the inflorescences: Inflorescences loosely short-paniculate, 1.5-4 cm. long at anthesis, arising from defoliate branchlets, the few branches, bracts, pedicels, and bracteoles sparsely puberulent and soon glabrous; bracts and bracteoles oblong, obtuse, 1-2 mm. long; pedicels slender, 5-20 mm. long, the flow- ers at anthesis 15-18 mm. in diameter; sepals 5, erecto-patent, papyra- ceous, elliptic or obovate, 6-7 mm. long, 4—5 mm. broad, rounded at apex, sparsely puberulent and soon glabrous; petals 5, subspreading, sub- membranous, obovate-oblong, 8-9 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, usually emarginate at apex; stamens about 100, 3-4 mm. long, 2—4-seriate, the filaments membranous, 1.5—2.5 mm. long, firmly connate toward base, the anthers narrowly oblong, 2—2.5 mm. long, dehiscing by short oval 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 513 pores; ovary glabrous, subglobose, 2—2.5 mm. in diameter at anthesis, the styles 5, about 3.5 mm. long, free nearly to base, the stigmas minutely capitate. Saurauia collina sp. nov. Arbor circiter 3 m. alta, ramulis subteretibus apicem versus ad 7 mm. diametro et pilis 4-7 mm. longis densissime setosis demum glabrescenti- bus et papilloso-rugulosis; petiolis ad 12 mm. longis ut ramulis setosis; laminis chartaceis anguste obovato-oblongis, 11-19 cm. longis, 3.5—6 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice abrupte cuspidatis vel breviter acuminatis, mar- gine pilis 5—8 per centimetrum ad 3 mm. longis calloso-setulosis ornatis, utrinque praecipue in costa parce strigosis (pilis 2-3 mm. longis) demum subglabris, costa utrinque elevata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 11 arcuato-adscendentibus supra planis subtus elevatis, rete venularum interdum subtus leviter prominulo; floribus paucis ut videtur sub- fasciculatis vel breviter paniculatis, bracteis bracteolisque parvis setosis, pedicellis gracilibus ad 11 mm. longis pilis circiter 1.5 mm. longis setosis; floribus ubique glabris, sepalis 5 papyraceis oblongis, 5-7 mm. longis, 3—4 mm. latis, apice obtusis, interioribus marginem versus scariosis; petalis 5 submembranaceis oblongis, 6—7 mm. longis, 2.5-3 mm. latis, apice rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis; staminibus 35-40 uniseriatis 3.5-5 mm. longis, filamentis submembranaceis ligulatis 1.5-2.5 mm. longis laxe connatis, antheris oblongis 2-3 mm. longis, tubulis apicem versus distinctis; ovario glabro subgloboso circiter 3 mm. diametro, stylis 5 fere ad basim liberis circiter 3 mm. longis, stigmatibus capitatis. BritisH NEw GuINngEA: Central Division, Iawarere, alt. about 350 m., Brass 667 (tTyPE), Nov. 22, 1925 (small tree about 3 m. high, in foot- hill forest; petals pink). The cited specimen was merely referred to the genus by Diels (in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 241. 1929), doubtless because of the scarcity of flowers on the specimen. In spite of this, the material is sufficiently ample to indicate that an undescribed species of the Series Setosae is represented. Its relationship is with S. Brassii Diels, from which it differs in the finer and denser hair-like paleae of the distal portions of its branchlets, its strigose rather than essentially glabrous leaf-blades, its setose pedicel, and its slightly smaller flowers with fewer stamens and with filaments laterally connate in a single series. Saurauia idenburgensis sp. nov. Arbor parva 2-3 m. alta, ramulis subteretibus gracilibus apicem versus pilis ad 8 mm. longis densissime setosis demum glabrescentibus; petiolis 514 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XXII crassis 12-25 mm. longis ut ramulis setosis; laminis papyraceis lanceo- lato-obovatis, 20-30 cm. longis, 5.5-7.5 cm. latis, basi gradatim attenu- atis, apice acutis vel inconspicue acuminatis, margine integris setosis, utrinque praecipue in costa nervisque pilis longis setuliferis strigosis (pilis costae subtus copiosis patentibus curvatis 3-7 mm. longis), costa supra elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 13-16 arcuato-adscendentibus utrinque valde prominulis, rete venularum in- conspicuo utrinque interdum leviter prominulo; inflorescentiis paucis apicem ramulorum versus axillaribus ad 5 cm. longis ut videtur 1-3-floris, pedunculo, bracteis pedicellisque pilis patentibus 3-7 mm. longis dense et conspicue setosis; bracteis papyraceis lanceolatis, 15-18 mm. longis, circiter 3 mm. latis, pedicellis 5-8 mm. longis, bracteolis 2 ut bracteis sed circiter 10 mm. longis mox caducis; floribus sub anthesi circiter 4 cm. diametro, sepalis 5 erecto-patentibus papyraceis oblongis, 13-15 mm. longis, 5-7 mm, latis, extus dense setosis (pilis circiter 3 mm. longis patentibus curvatis), apice obtusis, interioribus marginem versus scario- sis; petalis 5 membranaceis anguste spathulato-oblongis, circiter 22 mm. longis et 8 mm. latis, basim versus ad 4 mm. angustatis, apice rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis; staminibus numerosis (60-80) 2- vel 3-seriatis 5-8 mm. longis, filamentis stramineis 3-5 mm, longis basim versus con- natis superne anguste ligulatis, antheris basim versus dorsifixis oblongis 3-4 mm. longis acutis; ovario depresso-subgloboso 3-4 mm. diametro minute et dense tomentello, stylis 5 in columnam crassam coalitis circiter 5 mm. longis apicem versus liberis, stigmatibus minute capitatis. NETHERLANDS New GuINEA: 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1200 m., Brass 12977 (TyPE), Feb. 1939 (tree 2-3 m. high, frequent in rain-forest undergrowth of gullies and ridges; petals pinkish white). A member of the Series Setosae, S. idenburgensis is related to S. ampli- folia Diels, S. mollissima Ridley, and S. mamberamana Diels, differing from them in details of pubescence and leaf-shape, its few secondary nerves, its large flowers, etc. Saurauia Archboldiana sp. nov. Arbor parva circiter 2 m. alta, ramulis crassis subteretibus fistulosis squamulis stramineis lanceolatis (3-6 mm. longis, basi 0.5—1 mm. latis) imbricatis subadpressis dense indutis demum glabrescentibus; petiolis crassis 5-10 mm. longis anguste alatis ut ramulis squamulas minores gerentibus; laminis chartaceis obovato-oblongis, 15-27 cm. longis, 6.5-8.5 cm, latis, basim versus gradatim angustatis, basi ipso obtusis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice subacutis vel breviter cuspidatis, mar- 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 515 gine dentibus spinulosis 3-5 per centimetrum inconspicue serratis, utrinque praecipue in costa nervisque pilis brevibus interdum sub- squamulaceis adpressis disperse strigosis, costa supra subplana vel leviter depressa subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 15—27 erecto- patentibus supra subplanis subtus valde prominulis, venulis subtus saepe leviter prominulis; inflorescentiis axillaribus sub anthesi circiter 4 cm. longis plerumque 3-floris, pedunculo, bracteis, pedicellis sepalisque dense et conspicue setosis (pilis subadpressis vel subpatentibus complanatis ad 6 mm. longis); bracteis papyraceis ellipticis foliaceis ad 25 mm. longis et 15 mm. latis interdum multo minoribus, pedicellis ad 25 mm. longis; floribus sub anthesi 3-4 cm. diametro, sepalis 5 subcoriaceis oblongis, 11-13 mm. longis, 5-7 mm. latis, apice rotundatis vel obtusis, marginem versus saepe scariosis; petalis tenuiter carnosis vel submembranaceis ob- longis, 17-19 mm. longis, 7-10 mm. latis, apice rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis; staminibus numerosis (80-100) 2- vel 3-seriatis 5-7 mm. longis, filamentis 2.5-4 mm. longis basi interdum subcohaerentibus, antheris dorsifixis anguste oblongis 4—4.5 mm. longis, tubulis apicem versus distinctis; ovario glabro subconico circiter 4 mm. diametro, stylis 5 fere ad basim liberis circiter 5 mm. longis, stigmatibus minute capitatis. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2300 m., Brass 11231 (TYPE), Nov. 1938 (tree 2 m. high, occasional in moist sheltered hollows in forest undergrowth; flowers white). Saurauia Archboldiana, belonging in the Series Setosae, is character- ized by its large many-nerved leaf-blades which are short-strigose on both surfaces, its few-flowered inflorescences with elongate setae, and its large flowers. Probably belonging in the same group as the preceding new species (S. idenburgensis), S. Archboldiana differs from that and its allies not only in its indument, but also in its large bracts, glabrous ovary, etc. Saurauia sterrolepida Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 57: 453. 1922. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: Lake Habbema, alt. 3225 m., Brass 9353 (erect small tree or shrub 3—4 m. high, common along streams in forest; flowers white); 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2900 m., Brass 10705 (compact small tree to 2 m. high, common in shrubby forest openings on wet sandy soil; flowers white) ; Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2200 m., Brass 11079 (low tree about 2 m. high, abundant in grassy second forest growth; leaves stiff; flowers white; fruit red). Although this species, originally reported from a single collection from 516 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII the Bismarck Mountains, is known to me only from the description, I have little hesitation in referring to it the cited specimens. The species is well marked by its stout spines, small leaves, and compact inflo- rescences. Saurauia alpicola sp. nov. Arbor ad 5 m. alta, ramulis crassis aculeis paucis ad 2 mm. longis hinc inde armatis atque squamulis orbiculari-deltoideis spinulosis ad 1 mm. longis imbricatis dense praeditis demum glabrescentibus; petiolis crassis 10-20 mm. longis ut ramulis dense squamulosis; laminis subcoriaceis anguste oblongis, 8-18 cm. longis, 3-6 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice breviter cuspidatis, margine dentibus parvis calloso-spinulosis 4-7 per centimetrum inconspicue crenulatis, supra glabris, subtus squamulis minutis interdum spinulosis vel fimbriatis disperse scabrido-papillosis, in costa subtus etiam interdum aculeatis, costa supra paullo impressa subtus prominente, nervis secondariis utrinsecus 12-20 arcuatis supra leviter insculptis subtus prominulis, rete venularum subimmerso; in- florescentiis apicem ramulorum versus axillaribus sub anthesi 5-13 cm. longis plerumque 1-3-floris, pedunculo, bracteis pedicellisque aculeis numerosis ad 1.5 mm. longis valde papilloso-rugosis, pedunculo crasso ad 9 cm. longo; bracteis subcoriaceis oblongis 15-20 mm. longis, pedi- cellis ad 25 mm. longis sed plerumque multo brevioribus, bracteolis mox caducis; floribus sub anthesi 5—6 cm. diametro; sepalis 5 valde inaequali- bus, 2 exterioribus coriaceis obtusis oblongis, 10-14 mm. longis, 7—10 mm, latis, extus dense spinulosis (spinulis crassis ad 1.5 mm. longis inter- dum minoribus et squamulaceis), 3 interioribus tenuiter carnosis vel submembranaceis obovato-ellipticis, 18-28 mm. longis, 15—25 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, glabris vel tertio partim spinuloso; petalis 5 carnosis patentibus obovato-ellipticis, 22-30 mm. longis, 15-23 mm. latis, apice profunde emarginatis; staminibus numerosis (circiter 125) 2- vel 3- seriatis subaequalibus 7-8 mm. longis, filamentis anguste ligulatis 3.5—5 mm. longis liberis vel basi cohaerentibus, antheris pallidis dorsifixis crassis oblongis, 3—3.5 mm. longis; ovario glabro breviter conico 3—4 mm, diametro, stylis 12-13 mm. longis in columnam crassam triquetram omnino connatis, stigmatibus 3 subconnatis, loculis 3. NETHERLANDS NEW GuINEA: Lake Habbema, alt. 3225 m., Brass 9140 (common marginal tree 4—5 m. high, in forest of moist hollows; branches erect and armed with prickles; flowers pale green); 7 km. northeast of Wilhemina-top, alt. 3560 m., Brass & Mvyer-Drees 9952 (TYPE), Sept. 1938 (flat-topped tree 5 m. high, represented by several examples in soil-pockets on a warm cliff-face; flowers greenish white). 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 517 Saurauia alpicola, belonging in the Series Armatae, is characterized by having the large leaf-blades conspicuously papillose-scabrid beneath with peculiar scale-like fimbriate papillae, the peduncle, pedicels, and outer sepals conspicuously rugose-spinescent, the flowers very large in all parts, and the styles 3 and completely connate. These characters amply distinguish the new species from the known species of the Armatae, to none of which it seems closely related. Saurauia tafana sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor parva 2—4 m. alta, ramulis subteretibus juventute pilis ferrugineis circiter 1 mm. longis basi incrassatis dense setosis demum glabrescentibus; petiolis gracilibus 13-18 mm. longis ut ramulis densissime et breviter setosis; laminis chartaceis oblongo-ellipticis, 8-13 cm. longis, 3-5 cm. latis, basi subacutis, apice breviter cuspidatis, mar- gine integris et copiose setosis, utrinque praecipue in costa nervisque pilis ad 1 mm. longis dense ferrugineo-hirsutis (pilis supra subadpressis subtus patentibus) costa supra subplana subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10 arcuato-adscendentibus supra subplanis subtus elevatis, rete venularum subtus saepe prominulo; inflorescentiis axillaribus sub anthesi 3-10 cm. longis plerumque 3-floris, pedunculo, bracteis, pedicellis bracteolisque pilis 0.5—1 mm. longis dense ferrugineo- setosis; pedunculo ad 7 mm. longo, bracteis papyraceis breviter stipitatis elliptico-oblongis ad 10 mm. longis et 4 mm. latis, pedicellis ad 15 mm. longis, bracteolis ut bracteis sed minoribus; sepalis 5 subcoriaceis obtusis oblongis, 7-9 mm. longis, 5—7 mm. latis, extus pilis circiter 4 mm. longis dense setoso-strigosis; petalis 5 erecto-patentibus submembranaceis vel papyraceis oblongis, 13-15 mm. longis, circiter 6 mm. latis, apice rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis; staminibus numerosis (120-140) 3-6 mm. longis plerumque 3-seriatis, filamentis subcoriaceis 2-4 mm. longis inferne connatis superne anguste ligulatis, antheris basifixis ob- longis 2-3 mm. longis; ovario glabro depresso-globoso sub anthesi cir- citer 6 mm. diametro, stylis 5 basim versus in columnam crassam coalitis circiter 6 mm. longis in triente superiore liberis, stigmatibus capitatis. BritisH NEw GuINEA: Central Division, Mt. Tafa, alt. 2400 m., Brass 4963 (A, TYPE, NY), Sept. 3, 1933 (bush or small tree 2—4 m. high, very common in forest secondary growths on clearings; indument of inflorescence and lower leaf-surface red; leaf-blades pale brown- pubescent above; petals white, pink-tinged). Saurauia tafana is probably best placed in the Series Rufae, where it seems most closely related to S. buddletfolia Diels, differing in having its leaf-blades cuspidate (rather than obtuse) at apex and subacute (rather 518 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xxn than subrotund) at base, its secondary nerves fewer, its flowers obviously pedicellate, and its styles more highly connate. The new species also bears a resemblance to S. Poolei White & Francis, placed in the Series Setosae by its describers, but differs in its denser and longer tomentum throughout, its narrower and differently shaped leaf-blades, partially connate styles, etc. Saurauia arcana sp. nov. Arbor parva circiter 2 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus juven- tute squamulis pallidis angustis fragilibus 2-3 mm. longis acutis praeditis mox glabrescentibus; petiolis gracilibus canaliculatis 1-3 cm. longis supra saepe breviter squamulatis mox glabris; laminis papyraceis obo- vato-oblongis, 8-16 cm. longis, 3.5—6 cm. latis, basi acutis, apice breviter cuspidatis, margine integris et setis curvatis ad 2 mm. longis basi in- crassatis 3-5 per centimetrum ornatis, supra costa pallide squamulosa excepta inconspicue papilloso-rugosis vel glabris, subtus primo praecipue in costa pallide et arcte lanatis mox glabris, costa utrinque elevata, nervis secondariis utrinsecus 11—15 arcuato-adscendentibus utrinque prominulis, rete venularum inconspicuo; inflorescentiis simplicibus paucis axillaribus sub anthesi 3—7 cm. longis 1—3-floris, pedunculo gracili saepe squamulis subadpressis 1—1.5 mm. longis mox caducis sparse setoso-squamulato ac etiam arcte et pallide tomentello demum glabrescente; bracteis 2 con- spicuis papyraceis inconspicue reticulato-nervatis circiter 18 mm. longis apiculatis mox glabrescentibus, basi connatis, ante anthesim flores inclu- dentibus; pedicellis subnullis, sepalis 5 submembranaceis vel papyraceis orbiculari-oblongis, 8-14 mm. longis, 6-12 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, marginem versus saepe scariosis, utrinque dense et pallide tomentellis glabrescentibus, ubique cellulis crystalliferis aureis numerosis ornatis; petalis 5 membranaceis glabris obovato-oblongis, 18—22 mm. longis, 12— 14 mm. latis, apicem versus undulato-rotundatis; staminibus 80-100 valde inaequalibus 5-10 mm. longis plerumque 3-seriatis, filamentis mem- branaceis 3-7 mm. longis basim versus connatis, antheris dorsifixis ob- longis 2.5-3 mm. longis acutis; ovario depresso-subconico sub anthesi 3-4 mm. diametro dense et pallide tomentello, stylis 3 basim versus in columnam crassam coalitis 7-8 mm. longis superne liberis, stigmatibus capitatis. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1800 m., Brass 12034 (tyPE), Jan. 1939 (tree 2 m. high, in undergrowth of a ravine; flowers white). The new species, referable to the Series Bibracteatae, is closely re- lated to the only previously described species of this group, S. bibracteata 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 519 Lauterb., differing in its thinner and smaller leaf-blades with longer petioles and in its sessile and much larger flowers. Saurauia congestiflora sp. nov. Arbor ad 15 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus purpurascentibus subteretibus juventute squamulis peltato-ellipticis ad 1 mm. longis breviter fimbri- atis dense ornatis demum glabrescentibus; petiolus gracilibus 1.5—4 cm. longis ut ramulis decidue squamulatis; laminis chartaceis elliptico- oblongis, 13-26 cm. longis, 5-10 cm. latis, basi obtusis et saepe in- aequilateralibus, apice subacutis vel breviter cuspidatis, margine dentibus minutis callosis 5 vel 6 per centimetrum ornatis, supra glabris et cellulis crystalliferis copiose praeditis, subtus squamulis minutis ferrugineis copiosissime fimbriatis dense tomentellis demum subglabris, costa supra leviter paullo elevata subtus prominente, nervis secondariis utrinsecus 12-20 erecto-patentibus supra prominulis subtus elevatis, rete venularum conspicuo supra leviter subtus valde prominulo; inflorescentiis com- pactis axillaribus sub anthesi 4—8 cm. longis circiter 20-floris, pedunculo gracili ad 6 cm. longo et bracteis ut foliorum facie inferiore squamulatis ; bracteis 2 vel 3 submembranaceis conspicue nervatis late ovatis circiter 2 cm. longis et latis, margine calloso-serrulatis, apice subacutis, ante anthesim flores includentibus; bracteolis numerosis ut bracteis sed minoribus, saepe circiter 10 mm. longis et 3 mm. latis; pedicellis gracili- bus ad 5 mm. longis squamulis fimbriatis dense ferrugineo-tomentellis; sepalis 5 papyraceis vel submembranaceis obovato-oblongis, 7-9 mm. longis, 4-5 mm. latis, apice obtusis, extus pilis circiter 1 mm. longis adpresso-setosis ac etiam arcte squamuloso-tomentellis; petalis 5 mem- branaceis oblongis circiter 10 mm. longis et 5—6 mm. latis, apice rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis, margine saepe undulatis; staminibus circiter 50 plerumque: 2-seriatis 3-6 mm. longis, filamentis gracilibus 2-4 mm. longis basi connatis superne filiformibus, antheris crassis ob- longis 1.5—-2 mm. longis; ovario ovoideo sub anthesi circiter 4 mm. longo glabro, stylis 5 ad basim liberis circiter 5 mm. longis, stigmatibus minute capitatis. NorTHEASTERN NEw GUuINEA: Morobe District, Sattelberg, alt. about 900 m., Clemens 340 (TYPE), Oct. 4, 1935 (tree about 12 m. high, in hillside forest, the trunk about 15 cm. diam.; flowers white), Clemens 436 (tree about 15 m. high, at head of stream in forest, the trunk about 20 cm. diam.; flowers white). This striking species is characterized by having the indument of its leaves, bracts, etc. made up of densely fimbriate minute scales, by its numerous flowers, and by its submembranous conspicuously nerved 520 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII bracts. I believe that it is best placed in the Series Bibracteatae, but it sharply differs from S. bibracteata Lauterb. and S. arcana (above de- scribed) in its tomentellous branchlets and leaves, its different bracts and bracteoles, its appressed-setose as well as tomentellous sepals, and its 5 styles. Possibly the new species should be referred to the Series Obvallatae, but here also it appears to be without close relatives. Saurauia eburnea sp. nov. Arbor ad 6 m. alta, ramulis crassis rugosis juventute dense et pallide tomentellis mox glabris; petiolis crassis anguste alatis 1-2 cm. longis glabris vel primo evanescenti-tomentellis; laminis coriaceis glabris sicci- tate olivaceis anguste elongato-obovatis, 18-27 cm. longis, 4—7 cm. latis, basim versus gradatim attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice breviter cuspidatis, margine dentibus calloso-spinulosis 2—4 per centi- metrum serratis, costa valida supra paullo elevata subtus prominente, nervis secondariis utrinsecus 18-27 arcuato-adscendentibus cum aliis debilioribus interspersis supra insculptis vel leviter prominulis subtus paullo elevatis, rete venularum copioso conspicuo utrinque subplano vel supla impresso; inflorescentiis simplicibus axillaribus sub anthesi 12—19 cm. longis, floribus summo pedunculi 8-12 aggregatis, pedunculo gracili ad 16 cm. longo glabro vel squamulis pallidis evanescentibus parvis obtusis ornato apice bibracteato, bracteis subcoriaceis orbiculari- oblongis rotundatis ad 22 mm. diametro ante anthesim flores includenti- bus; pedicellis sub anthesi 15-25 mm. longis rugulosis arcte et pallide tomentellis demum glabrescentibus, bracteolis evanescentibus vel nullis, floribus sub anthesi circiter 25 mm. diametro; sepalis 5 papyraceis ovato- ellipticis 5-6 mm. longis et latis, apice rotundatis, marginem versus scariosis, extus puberulis glabrescentibus; petalis 5 submembranaceis vel papyraceis obovato-oblongis, 10-12 mm. longis, 8—9 mm. latis, apice plerumque emarginatis; staminibus circiter 50 plerumque 2-seriatis 3.5—4 mm. longis, filamentis ligulatis membranaceis 2—3 mm. longis basi cohaerentibus, antheris crassis oblongis circiter 2 mm, longis medium versus dorsifixis saepe recurvatis; ovario glabro truncato-conico sub anthesi 4-5 mm. diametro, summo conspicue 5-sulcato, stylis circiter 2 mm. longis in columnam crassam omnino connatis, stigmatibus in pelta coalitis; fructibus carnosis ut videtur ovoideis ad 15 mm. diametro. BritisH New GurINnea: Central Division, Mt. Tafa, alt. 2400 m., Brass 4872 (A, typr, NY), Aug. 26, 1933 (spreading stiffly branched tree up to 6 m. high, common in secondary forest on old landslides; leaves shining, with red margins; corolla cream colored; fruit fleshy, red, dehisc- ing at apex). Saurauia eburnea is readily distinguished by its elongate glabrous 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 521 leaves with winged petioles, its long peduncles surmounted by con- spicuous coriaceous bracts and a cluster of numerous flowers, and its closely tomentellous pedicels. It appears to be a member of the Series Bibracteatae, in which it is obviously different from S. bibracteata Lauterb. and S. arcana (above described) in foliage and inflorescence characters, its 5 completely connate styles, etc. The new species also ears a resemblance to such members of the Series Squamulosae as S. Gjellerupi Lauterb. and S. plurilocularis White & Francis, but differs from them in its bracts, numerous flowers, and many other details. Saurauia pleurotricha Diels in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 80, 240. 1929. BritIsH NEW GUINEA: Fly River, 528-mile Camp, alt. 80 m., Brass 6851 (large loosely branched shrub 2.5 m. high, at head of a heavily shaded gully; branchlets, leaves, and inflorescence densely covered with coarse red hairs). The cited specimen, the second referable to the species, agrees well with the type from the Vailala River; its leaf-blades are slightly longer in proportion and more obviously acuminate, and its peduncle is up to 5 cm. long. Saurauia capitulata sp. nov. Arbor 6-18 m. alta, ramulis subteretibus aculeis validis 2-4 mm. longis saepe curvatis armatis atque juventute squamulis peltato-ellipticis umbonatis fimbriatis ad 1 mm. longis dense obtectis; petiolis crassis (6—)10-28 mm. longis ut ramulis squamulosis et interdum aculeatis; laminis subcoriaceis elliptico- vel obovato-oblongis, 7-21 cm. longis, 3.5-11.5 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel obtusis, apice rotundatis vel breviter cuspidatis, margine dentibus parvis callosis et interdum spinu- losis 2—4 per centimetrum ornatis, supra juventute pilis ad 6 mm. longis spinuloso-strigosis mox glabris, subtus densissime ferrugineo-pannosis, costa leviter elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 10-16 erecto-patentibus subrectis supra prominulis subtus valde elevatis, rete venularum utrinque paullo prominulo subtus tomento obscuro; inflorescentiis simplicibus axillaribus sub anthesi 6-12 cm. longis, flori- bus summo pedunculi 2—10 aggregatis, pedunculo gracili rugoso-squamu- lato vel aculeis ad 1.5 mm, longis recurvatis interdum copiose armato apice 2- vel 3-bracteato; bracteis persistentibus coriaceis suborbiculari- bus, 8-10 mm. longis, 9-13 mm. latis, basi connatis, apice rotundatis vel obtusis, ut pedunculo spinulosis vel squamulatis atque interdum pallide tomentellis, flores juveniles includentibus; floribus congestis sessilibus. sub anthesi circiter 2 cm. diametro, bracteolis papyraceis acutis oblongis circiter 10 mm. longis et 6 mm, latis extus dense adpresso- 522 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII setosis atque tomentellis; sepalis 5 papyraceis concavis elliptico-oblongis, 7-9 mm. longis, 4-6 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, margine saepe scari- osis, exterioribus pilis complanatis 3-6 mm. longis dense adpresso-setosis atque interdum tomentellis, interioribus saepe glabris; corolla subrotata circiter 15 mm. longa, petalis 5 vel 6 basim versus connatis membranaceis obovato-oblongis, 5-9 mm. latis, apice rotundatis vel emarginatis; staminibus 80-150 circiter 6 mm. longis 2- vel 3-seriatis, filamentis ligulato-filiformibus 4-5.5 mm. longis basim corollae adnatis, antheris dorsifixis oblongis 1.5-2 mm. longis obtusis saepe recurvatis; ovario glabro ovoideo-conico circiter 3 mm. diametro, stylis 5 in columnam crassam inferne coalitis 6-7 mm. longis apicem versus liberis gracilibus, stigmatibus minute capitatis. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2600-2750 m., Brass & Versteegh 10465 (tree about 12 m. high, rare on banks of streams in secondary forest, the trunk 30 cm. diam., the crown very small, the bark 4 mm. thick, blackish brown, scaly, the wood white), Brass 10698 (Type), Oct. 1938 (tree to about 18 m. high, com- mon in secondary forest on landslips, etc.; leaves stiff, convex; flowers white), Brass 10843 (tree 6 m. high, on bank of a forest stream; leaves convex; flowers white); Balim River, alt. 2100 m., Brass & Versteegh 11178 (tree 10 m. high, on edge of a landslip in forest, the trunk 28 cm. diam., the crown not wide-spreading, the bark 7 mm. thick, scaly, dark brown; flowers white). Saurauia capitulata is clearly a member of the Series Obvallatae, but I have not been able to find a description which satisfactorily fits the specimens. A close relative seems to be S. rufa Burkill (which appears to belong in this series rather than in the “Rufae” of Diels), a species occurring at lower elevation in British New Guinea; from this S. capitu- lata differs in its longer petioles and larger leaf-blades, sessile flowers, more numerous stamens, and styles connate except at apex. Other re- lated species are S, hystrix Ridley and S. achyrantha Diels. From the first of these the new species differs in its longer petioles, its smaller leaf- blades which are obtuse or rounded at base, its shorter peduncles, smaller sepals, and glabrous petals. Saurauia capitulata differs from S, achy- rantha in its arborescent habit, the presence of spines on its branchlets, petioles, peduncles, etc., its shorter petioles, smaller leaf-blades, bracts which are squamulate or spinulose but hardly setose, smaller inflo- rescences, sessile and smaller flowers, and glabrous ovary. It is not yet possible to evaluate the constancy of these characters without many more specimens, but in my present opinion the mentioned species of this alliance seem well founded. 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 523 Saurauia occulta sp. nov. Arbor ad 10 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus fistulosis aculeis brevibus disperse armatis ac etiam juventute squamulis coriaceis del- toideis acutis interdum spinulosis 0.5—2 mm. longis dense indutis demum glabrescentibus; petiolis gracilibus 7-20 mm. longis ut ramulis spinuloso- squamulatis; laminis subcoriaceis elliptico-oblongis, 7-16 cm. longis, 3-7.5 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice obtusis vel breviter cuspidatis, mar- gine dentibus callosis 3-8 per centimetrum crenulato-serratis, supra costa inferne interdum spinuloso-squamulata excepta glabris, subtus_pilis simplicibus subspinulosis ad 1.5 mm. longis disperse setosis atque in costa deltoideo-squamulatis, costa supra valde prominula subtus promi- nente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 10-14 erecto-patentibus supra prominulis subtus valde elevatis, rete venularum conspicuo utrinque prominulo; inflorescentiis simplicibus axillaribus sub anthesi 3-8 cm. longis, floribus summo pedunculi gracilis ut ramulis squamulati plerum- que 5-8 aggregatis; bracteis 2-4 papyraceis ellipticis, 7-10 mm. longis, 3-7 mm. latis, saepe connatis et flores juveniles includentibus, apice sub- acutis, margine breviter setosis, extus squamulis elongato-deltoideis cus- pidatis circiter 1 mm. longis ornatis atque interdum setosis; pedicellis crassis sub anthesi 5-7 mm. longis squamulatis, floribus sib anthesi 15-20 mm. diametro, bracteolis inconspicuis vel subnullis; sepalis 5 papyraceis vel submembranaceis oblongis, 6—7 mm. longis, circiter 4 mm. latis, apice obtusis, extus pilis stramineis rigidis 2-4 mm. longis dense sericeo-setosis; petalis 5 glabris membranaceis obovato-oblongis, 9-12 mm. longis, 5-6 mm. latis, apice rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis; staminibus circiter 60 plerumque 2-seriatis 3-4.5 mm. longis, filamentis 2-3 mm. longis basim versus connatis superne liberis et filiformi-ligulatis, antheris oblongis circiter 1.5 mm. longis; ovario glabro subgloboso 2—2.5 mm. diametro, stylis 5 circiter 3 mm. longis ad medium in columnam crassam coalitis superne gracilibus, stigmatibus minute capitatis. NETHERLANDS New GuINEA: Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2200 m., Brass 11208 (TYPE), Nov. 1938 (one of the principal trees in young secondary forest, about 10 m. high; bark brown, fibrous and fissured; flowers white); 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1800 m., Brass 12063 (tree 2 m. high, in secondary forest; flowers white). A member of the Series Obvallatae, S. occulta is closely related only to S. scaberrima Lauterb., differing in its more slender branchlets and petioles, the smaller and sparser spines of its branchlets, the lack of spines on its leaves, the obtuse rather than subcordate leaf-base, the pedicellate flowers, and the less obvious setae of its bracts. These two 524 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL, XxII species are readily separated from the preceding (S. capitulata) and its allies by the sparser and stiffer tomentum of the lower surfaces of leaf- blades. Saurauia conferta Warb. in Bot. Jahrb. 13: 379. 1891; K. Schum. & Lauterb. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzg. Suidsee 445. 1901, op. cit. Nachtr. 317. 1905; Lauterb. in Nova Guinea Bot. 8: 305. 1910, op. cit. 8: 835. 1912; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 57: 458. 1922; Diels in Nova Guinea Bot. 14: 84. 1924; Lane-Poole, Rep. For. Res. Papua 116. 1925; White & Francis in Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 39: 65. 1928; Diels in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 241. 1929. Sotomon IsLAnps: Bougainville: Kugumaru, Buin, alt. 150 m., Kajewski 1976; Kupei Gold Field, alt. 600-950 m., Kajewski 1632, 1645. Ysabel: Tiratona, alt. 600 m., Brass 3228. Guadal- canal: Uulolo, Tutuve Mt., alt. 1200 m., Kajewski 2596; Sorvorhio basin, alt. 200 m., Kajewski 2706. San Cristoval: Waimamura, Brass 2657. Although S. conferta is known to be abundant in New Guinea and is reported from Neu-Mecklenburg, the cited specimens appear to be the first records from the Solomon Islands, where the species is said to be common in rain-forest at comparatively low elevations. Kajewski and Brass report the plant as a small tree up to 15 m. high, with waxy-white petals. Common names are: kekeu-mor-mokiu (Bougainville), geota (Ysabel), and Aim-mulla or heina-muller (Guadalcanal). OCHNACEAE Ot CeHTITIIRMANGTA Bl In his treatment of the family, Gilg (in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. ed. 2. 21: 80. 1925) has given a key to the species of Schuurmansia in which he has introduced four new names for New Guinean species. As the brief mention of foliage characters given in the key hardly permits identifica- tion, and as no specimens are cited, it is probably best to consider these names nomina subnuda until they are more adequately published. From a study of Gilg’s brief key, I conclude that none of the three new species which I propose below will conflict with the plants named by him. Schuurmansia longifolia (Lauterb.) Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. ed. 2. 21: 80. 1925 Schuurmansia Bamlert var. longifolia Lauterb. in K. Schum. & Lauterb. Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzg. Sudsee 318. 1905; Hall. f. in Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 10: 351. 1913. 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 525 Sotomon Istanps: Bougainville: Kupei Gold Field, alt. 100 m., Kajewski 1692 (straight tree about 4 m. high, in rain-forest, the inflorescences and foliage terminal; petals light greenish pink; stamens bright yellow). San Cristoval: MHinuahaoro, mountain rain- forest, alt. 900 m., Brass 3018 (sparsely branched tree 10 m. high, the branches thick, leaf-scarred, the leaves shining); Star Harbour, hill- forest, alt. 50 m., Brass 3112 (slender sparsely branched tree 10 m. high, uncommon; leaves in dense clusters toward end of branches, persistent for several seasons in clusters separated by a few inches). The species has previously been reported only from a single collection on Neu-Mecklenburg. To the best of my knowledge, the cited speci- mens are the first representatives of the Ochnaceae reported from the Solomon Islands. Schuurmansia coriacea sp. nov. Arbor pauciramosa ad 3 m. alta ubique glabra, ramulis teretibus fuscis rugosis apicem versus 5—6 mm. diametro; foliis ad apices ramulorum in verticillis circiter 8 congestis, petiolis gracilibus 15-20 mm. longis angustissime alatis basi paullo incrassatis, laminis coriaceis siccitate fuscis lanceolato-obovatis, 10-14 cm. longis, 3—4.5 cm. latis, basi grada- tim attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice rotundatis et saepe minute calloso-apiculatis, margine incrassatis anguste revolutis nigro- calloso-serrulatis (callosis parvis 6-8 per centimetrum), costa utrinque prominente, nervis lateralibus crebris (2-4 per centimetrum, cum aliis paullo debilioribus interspersis) erecto-patentibus rectis nervo marginali crasso conjunctis supra subplanis vel subtiliter prominulis subtus leviter elevatis, rete venularum subtili saepe immerso; inflorescentiis paniculatis terminalibus multifloris ad 20 cm. longis et 25 cm. latis, basi bracteis paucis papyraceis ad 8 mm. longis fimbriatis subtentis; pedunculo cir- citer 3 cm. longo bracteis (vel stipulis? ) 3-4 mm. longis conspicue fim- briatis ornato, rhachi leviter angulata, ramulis patentibus bracteis caducis subtentis; floribus ¢ sub anthesi 8-10 mm. diametro, pedicellis gracilibus 2—4 mm. longis prope medium articulatis et saepe minute bi- bracteolatis; sepalis membranaceis pellucido-glandulosis elliptico-obo- vatis, 4-4.5 mm. longis, 3-4 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, marginem versus scariosis, margine ipso integris vel distaliter obscure erosulosis; petalis Fieaihranaieis late elliptico-obovatis, circiter 6 mm. longis et 4-5 mm. latis, inconspicue 9-11-nervatis, rotundatis, integris; stami- nodiis inconspicuis 30-40 (basi filamentorum 6-8 aggregatis) mem- branaceis lineari-oblongis circiter 1 mm. longis; staminibus 5, filamentis carnosis 2—2.5 mm. longis, antheris oblongis 1.5—2 mm. longis obscure 526 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. Xx mucronulatis; gynaecii rudimento ovoideo circiter 1 mm. longo, stylo stigmatibusque inconspicuis. British New Guinea: Central Division, Mt. Tafa, alt. 2400 m., Brass 5076 (typE), May-—Sept. 1933 (small sparsely branched tree 3 m. high, rare on landslip regrowths; leaves pale, smooth; flowers cream colored). Schuurmansia coriacea appears to be a very distinct species, charac- terized by its small coriaceous leaf-blades with the venation essentially plane above and the margins thickened and copiously callose-serrulate, and its ample inflorescence with fimbriate bracts, large flowers, small clustered staminodes, and comparatively long filaments. It is thus amply differentiated from what is probably its closest ally, S. rauwolf- oides Hall. f., which furthermore differs from the new species in its obtusely acuminate and membranaceous-chartaceous leaf-blades. Schuurmansia montana sp. nov. Arbor ad 8 m. alta ubique glabra, ramulis crassis (apicem versus 6-9 mm. diametro) fuscis rugosis fistulosis, cicatricibus foliorum de- lapsorum ornatis; foliis apicem ramulorum versus in verticillis 2—3 cm. distantibus congestis, petiolis crassis 5-20 mm. longis anguste alatis leviter complanatis basi incrassatis, laminis coriaceis fuscis anguste obovatis, (5—)7—10 cm. longis, (1.5—)2-3.5 cm. latis, basi attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice rotundatis vel interdum inconspicue emarginatis vel calloso-apiculatis, margine revolutis et conspicue nigro- calloso-serrulatis (callosis parvis 5-8 per centimetrum), costa supra elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis crebris cum aliis paullo debilioribus interspersis erecto-patentibus in marginem incrassatum con- junctis utrinque manifeste prominulis, rete venularum subtili utrinque prominulo vel subtus interdum subimmerso; inflorescentiis paniculatis terminalibus multifloris ad 20 cm. longis et 14 cm. latis, bracteis mox caducis, pedunculo nullo, rhachi et ramulis adscendentibus complanatis vel leviter angulatis; floribus @ sub anthesi 7-9 mm. diametro, pedi- cellis crassis 2-6 mm. longis prope medium articulatis; sepalis papyra- ceis crassis pellucido-glandulosis ellipticis, 3.5—-4.5 mm. longis, 3-3.5 mm. latis, circiter 7-nervatis, marginem versus scariosis, margine ipso obscure erosulosis; petalis membranaceis obovatis, 5-6 mm. longis, 3.5—-4 mm. latis, rotundatis, inconspicue circiter 7-nervatis; staminodiis numerosis (70-80) imbricatis 2- vel 3-seriatis lineari-oblongis membranaceis, interioribus 1-1.3 mm. longis; staminibus (ut videtur sterilibus) 5, filamentis circiter 0.3 mm. longis, antheris oblongis circiter 1 mm. longis obscure mucronulatis; ovario nigrescenti subgloboso-ovoideo sub anthesi 1941] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, IV 527 circiter 3 mm. longo, stylo crasso circiter 0.8 mm. longo, stigmatibus 3 patentibus ovatis (circiter 0.7 mm. longis et latis) obtusis arcte sericeis; pedicellis sub fructu paullo incrassatis, staminodiis persistentibus, capsulis obovoideo-ellipsoideis ad 13 mm. longis et 7 mm. latis, stylo incrassato, seminibus aliis inclusis circiter 5 mm. longis. BritisH NEw Guinea: Central Division, Murray Pass, Wharton Range, alt. 2840 m., Brass 4706 (sparsely branched tree up to 8 m. high, erect, common in open type of low forest; leaves dull, convex; fruit reddish), Brass 4743 (TYPE), June-Sept. 1933 (erect tree to 7 m. high, common on forest-fringes and in more open parts of low forest; leaves smooth, pale beneath; flowers white). Schuurmansia montana is a large-flowered montane species, closely related only to the preceding (S. coriacea), but differing in its smaller and conspicuously convex leaf-blades with shorter and stouter petioles, its obviously prominulous veinlets, and its thicker sepals. Of the cited specimens, 4743 bears pistillate flowers and 4706 is in fruit, and so a floral comparison with S. coriacea is not conclusive. The new species has an unusually large number of staminodes in the pistillate flower, and the nigrescent ovary and large ovate stigmas are also unusual. Schuurmansia montana is perhaps to be compared with S. lophiroides Gilg (in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. ed. 2.21: 80, nomen subnudum. 1925). Schuurmansia grandiflora sp. nov. Arbor parva ubique glabra, ramulis apicem versus ad 7 mm. crassis fistulosis subteretibus fuscis; foliis ad apices ramulorum in verticillis circiter 8 congestis, petiolis crassis ad 10 mm. longis complanatis et conspicue alatis basi incrassatis, laminis subcoriaceis siccitate fuscis elongato-obovatis, 11-18 cm. longis, 4-6 cm. latis, basi gradatim attenu- atis et in petiolum conspicue decurrentibus, apice obtusis vel obtuse cuspidatis, margine incrassatis integris vel obscure et sparse calloso- serrulatis, costa utrinque valde elevata, nervis secundariis crebris cum aliis paullo debilioribus interspersis erecto-patentibus in marginem con- junctis utrinque valde prominulis, rete venularum subtili utrinque mani- feste prominulo; inflorescentiis paniculatis multiramosis multifloris ad 17 cm. longis et 14 cm. latis, pedunculo brevi crasso cicatricibus bracte- arum delapsarum ornato, rhachi ramulisque leviter angulatis; floribus ¢ sub anthesi 10-13 mm. diametro, pedicellis gracilibus 2-3 mm. longis basim versus articulatis; sepalis papyraceis oblongo-ellipticis, 4.5—5.5 mm. longis, 2-3 mm. latis, apice rotundatis, pellucido-punctatis; petalis membranaceis obovato-ellipticis, 6.5-7 mm. longis, 3.5—-4.5 mm. latis, inconspicue 10-12-nervatis, apice rotundatis, integris; staminodiis cir- 528 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXII citer 40 lineari-lanceolatis circiter 1 mm. longis; staminibus 5, filamentis circiter 2 mm. longis, antheris oblongis 2.5—3 mm. longis obscure apicu- latis; gynaecii rudimento subgloboso circiter 0.5 mm. diametro, stylo stigmatibusque inconspicuis. British NEw Guinea: Central Division, Owen Stanley Range, alt. about 1800 m., Lane-Poole 371 (tyPE), Feb. 1923. Although the type of the new species is one of the collections cited by Lane-Poole (Rep. For. Res. Papua 116. 1925) and by White and Francis (in Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 38: 247. 1927) as S. Henntingsii K. Schum., it sharply differs from that species in its small leaf-blades and especially in its much larger flowers, both sepals and petals being nearly twice as large as those of S. Henningsti and its sepals being much thicker in texture. Two other collections of Lane-Poole have been cited as S, Henningsii, but I have no specimens of these to compare with the new species. The large sepals of S. grandiflora, as well as details of leaf-size, venation, and margins amply distinguish it from S. Gilgiana Lauterb. and the two new species described above. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VIII 529 PLANTAE PAPUANAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VIII* E. D. MerRILL AND L. M. PERRY WE had hoped to include in this paper the Anacardiaceae and the Staphyleaceae. The latter are represented by only nine collections of Turpinia Vent. from New Guinea. Since we found no record of that genus from Papuasia, it was necessary to reorganize our material in the search for determinative characters. The identification of our New Guinean collections will be included in a short summary of the compound- leaved species of Turpinia Vent. in the Old World. Amongst the Anacardiaceae some specimens of Campnosperma Thwaites offer an interesting verification of the record of a much earlier collection, Scheffer, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 1:17. 1876. In Semecarpus L. f., too, one species is conspicuous by its fruits. These are so different in shape from the usually compressed fruits that we have considered once more the status of the genus Oncocarpus A. Gray. Dr. C. Heimsch very kindly examined the wood-structure and the pollen for us. Although Onco- carpus A. Gray undoubtedly represents a good section, we do not find at present sufficient evidence to maintain it as a genus. The paper also contains another record of the Corynocarpaceae. ANACARDIACEAE Buchanania Sprengel Buchanania mollis Lauterb. Nov. Guin. 8: 829. 1912, Bot. Jahrb. 56: 349. 1920; Kaneh. & Hatus. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 52: 413. 1938. BritisH NEw GuINEA: Central Division, Ononge Road, Dieni, Brass 3866, April 1933, alt. 500 m., common in rain-forests (erect tree 25 m. tall, with close grey bark; branchlets brown; leaves shining above, pubescent beneath, midrib pale; flowers green; fruit immature). NorrTuH- EASTERN NEW GUINEA: Wareo, Clemens 1801, February 1936, alt. + 750m. The type was from Netherlands New Guinea; Kanehira has also collected the species in the Bismarck Archipelago. *Botanical Results of the Richard Archbold Expeditions. See Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: 375-388. 1941. 530 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. XXII Buck i pa Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 56: 350. 1920. NETHERLANDS NEw GurtneEA: Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 13553, April 1939, alt. 50 m., frequent in primary rain-forest on lower mountain slopes (tree 32 m. high, 48 cm. diameter; bark grey-brown with a little light resin; flowers yellow; fruit greenish brown). BritisH NEw GUINEA: eee River, 2 miles below Black River Junction, Brass 7342, July 1936, alt. 100 m., plentiful in forests of river flood plains (large buttressed tree over 30 m.; bark brown, reddish when cut, crown sparse. A good floating timber very suitable for the construction of rafts). Although we have only the original description for comparison, there seems little doubt that Brass & Versteegh 13553 belongs to this species. In the material from British New Guinea the lower surface of the leaves is ++ minutely pubescent; the fruit (perhaps not yet full grown) is only about 15 mm. diameter; nevertheless, at present, the collection seems better placed here than elsewhere. Buchanania solomonensis sp. nov. Arbor usque 20 m. alta; ramulis atro-fuscis, innovationibus adpresse pubescentibus, mox glabratis; foliis glabris coriaceis, inconspicue reticu- latis, petiolatis petiolo 4-5 cm. longo basi crassiusculo, elongato-oblanceo- latis vel lanceolatis, 16-35 cm. longis, 5--11 cm. latis, basim versus cuneatim angustatis, breviter decurrentibus, apice breviter acuminatis, margine integris ac leviter revolutis; venis primariis utrinsecus 17—27, supra distinctis, subtus prominentibus, patentibus, + parallelis, prope marginem sursum versis, secundariis inconspicue manifestis; paniculis subterminalibus atque axillaribus, in fructu 15-30 cm. longis, + pube- scentibus vel glabratis; floribus sessilibus vel subsessilibus; calycis segmentis rotundatis, 0.6--0.8 mm. longis; petalis oblongis, 2.5—3 mm. longis; disco 1.5—-2 mm. longo; filamentis subulatis, antheris sagittatis 0.8 mm. longis, lobis basalibus quam loculis brevioribus; carpellis 5, sterilibus 2 mm. longis, gynoecio minute piloso; drupis lentiformibus, + 1.2 cm. diametro, lateraliter compressis, glabratis, apiculo centrico, in sicco scrobiculato-rugosis. SoLoMON IsLANDS: Bougainville Island: Kugumaru, Buin, Kajewski 1873 (type), June 1930, alt. 150 m., common in rain- forest (medium sized tree up to 15 m. high; fruit shining black when ripe, flattened, 1.2 cm. long and broad, 5 mm. thick); Koniguru, Buin, Kajewski 2123, August 1930, alt. 1200 m., common in rain-forest (large tree up to 20 m. high, growing in the better forest areas; fruit green suffused with pink near the end, 1.3 cm. long, 1.1 cm. broad, 8 mm. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VIII 531 thick). San Cristobal Island: Magoha River, Brass 2745, August 1932, riverine rain-forest, common in lowlands (stiffly branched tree 10 m. tall; branches purple-brown; leaves very dark, smooth and shining, pale beneath; fruit purple). In foliar characters, the species is much like Buchanania mangoides F. v. Mueller and B. novo-hibernica Lauterb. In the latter, the gynoecium is glabrous, in B. solomonensis it is pubescent. The floral description was drawn up from the remnants of a flower found attached to one of the fruits. One complete anther was found, in this the basal lobes were about 1% the length of the anther or ™% the length of the locules, also the pubescence of the gynoecium is short: these two charac- ters distinguish our species from B. mangoides F. v. Muell. Buchanania Versteeghii sp. nov. Arbor circiter 29 m. alta; ramulis atro-fuscis; foliis coriaceis, petiolatis petiolo circiter 1.5 cm. longo basi paullo incrassato, obovatis, 7-12 cm. longis, ultra medium 3.5—5 cm. latis, basi cuneatis, apice breviter atque interdum oblique acuminatis, margine integro anduias revoluto, utrin- que glabris vel subtus costa venisque consperse pilosis; venis primariis utrinsecus 9-16 patentibus deinde subabrupte ad marginem incurvanti- bus, prominentibus, secundariis a primariis oblique abeuntibus, supra inconspicuis, subtus manifestis; paniculis subterminalibus 9-16 cm. longis fusco-tomentulosis, bracteis subulatis 5 mm. longis deciduis; floribus breviter pedicellatis; calyce glabro, lobis oblongis circiter 0.6 mm. longis; petalis ovatis 2.5 mm. longis (in floribus visis valde recurvatis) ; filamentis 1 mm. longis subulatis, antheris 0.6 mm. longis sagittatis, lobulis thecarum vix productis; disco urceolato 0.4 mm. longo + sulcato; carpellis 5, gynoecio strigoso-piloso; drupis immaturis 6-8 mm. diametro subglobosis, lateraliter compressis, apiculo centrico. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 13161 (tTypE), March 1939, alt. 800 m., occasional in primary rain-forest on flood plain (tree 29 m. high, 60 cm. diameter; bark black; flowers yellow-green; fruit green). Among Papuasian species of Buchanania, this suggests B. montana Lauterb. in foliar characters, but it is readily distinguished from the latter by the subtomentose inflorescence. Lauterbach carefully pointed out that B. montana Lauterb. is a tree of the mossy forest. B. Versteeghii is found in the rain-forest. Buchanania heterophylla K. Schum. var. pubescens var. nov. A forma typica recedit foliis subtus praecipue costa venisque consperse pubescentibus. 532 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxII BritisH NEw GuINEA: Lower Fly River, east bank opposite Sturt Island, Brass 8044 (TYPE), October 1936, rain-forest, restricted to the flood-plains (large canopy tree; stem cylindric; bark thick, brown, ex- foliating in small hard scales and exuding a clear brown resin when cut; leaves clustered at ends of branches; fruit red). Except for the scattered pubescence remaining in the lower surface of the leaves, this collection compares favorably with that of Brass 1636 from the Lower Mori River; in the latter, however, the leaves are entirely glabrous. The short-acuminate leaves of Brass 8044 are up to 55 cm. long and 16 cm. broad. Mangifera Linnaeus Mangifera minor Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 198. 1850; Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 56: 353. 1920; C. T. White, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 34: 40. 1922; Lane-Poole Rept. For. Res. Papua 107. 1925; White & Francis, Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 38: 237. 1927; C. T. White, Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 234. 1929; Kaneh. Jour. Dept. Agric. Kyushu Univ. 4: 355. 1935. SoLoMON IsLANDs: Bougainville Island: Kugumaru, Buin, Kajewski 1930, July 1930, alt. 150 m., common in rain-forest; Koniguru, Buin, Kajewski 2157, July 1930, alt. 600 m., common in rain-forest. This species has been reported from New Guinea, the Bismarck Archi- pelago, Micronesia and Polynesia, but apparently not before from the Solomon Islands. ? Mangifera inocarpoides sp. nov. Arbor 12 m. alta glabra; foliis subcoriaceis subnitidis, utrinque prominule reticulatis, oblongo-lanceolatis vel oblongis, 19-24 cm. longis, 4.5-7.5 cm. latis, basi cuneatis, apice acutis ac apiculatis; venis primariis utrinsecus + 25, patentibus, marginem versus arcuatis; petiolo 3.5-4.5 cm. longo; inflorescentiis terminalibus 18 cm. longis, parce ramosis; fructibus subrotundis, valde compressis, paullo obliquis, non apiculatis, 6 cm. longis, 6.5 cm. latis, 4 cm. crassis; pericarpio —4 mm. crasso fibroso, endocarpio membranaceo; semine oblique reni- formi vel oblongo, compresso, infra hilum laterale abrupte angustato atque producto, hic embryone locato; testa rugosa chartacea; embryone parvo, cotyledonibus conferruminatis, valde ruminatis. BritisH NEw GUINEA: Western Division, Penzara, between More- head and Wassi Kussa Rivers, Brass 8462 (Type), December 1936, 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VIII 533 plentiful in rain-forest fringing creeks (tree up to 12 m. high; fruit much compressed, 6—8 cm. diameter, 3.5—4 cm. thick). This is a fruiting collection from which all the parts of the flowers have fallen, and the seed is well developed. The general outline of the fruit is that of Jnocarpus, but we find neither the style-scar nor the characteristic ridge found on the fruit of this leguminous genus. Yet, it must be admitted that the cotyledons of Mangifera L. are smooth and uniform in consistency. On the contrary, when the seed of this species is cut into two parts, the cotyledons are marked more or less regularly with narrow streaks. We have not found any comment on the occur- rence of this ruminate character in the genus Mangifera L. Possibly when flowers are available some other generic disposition of this species may be indicated. Spondias Linnaeus Although we have no range-extensions to record in Spondias L., we simply note that the genus is represented in Papuasia by two species, S. dulcis Forst. and S. pinnata (L. f.) Kurz. The latter species is listed by previous students of the Papuasian flora as S. mangifera Willd. As a matter of fact both names appear in the literature of Indo-Malaysia; it may be of interest to point out that both are based on Mangifera pinnata Koen. & Linn. f. Suppl. 156. 1781. Kurz’s use of the earliest specific epithet validates his combination. Campnosperma Thwaites In studying the genus Campnosperma Thwaites, we find that C. philip- pinensis Merr. (Wenzel 3199, from Surigao) appears to be Buchanania nitida Engler. Campnosperma Thwaites, at present, is not known to occur in the Philippine Islands or Java, although it is to be looked for. The genus ranges from the Malay Peninsula, Penang, Sumatra, and Borneo to New Guinea and the Caroline Islands, and is here recorded for the first time from the Solomon Islands. Campnosperma montana Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 56: 359. 1920. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 12541, February 1939, alt. 1200 m., common on slopes in the rain-forest (tree 27 m. high; flowers yellow; fruit dark red); 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 13131, March 1939, alt. 900 m., common in A gathis forest (tree 25 m. high, 49 cm. diameter; bark brown; resin colorless; flowers light yellow; fruit green); Brass & Versteegh 13145, alt. 900 m., 534 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII common in mossy forest (tree 20 m. high; bark brown, scaly; flowers yellow; fruit black); Brass 13338, alt. 900 m., occasional in Agathis forest (subsidiary tree 20 m. high; flowers green). BritisH NEw Gurnea: Palmer River, 2 miles below Black River Junction, Brass 7091, 7130, 7169, June 1936, alt. 100 m., abundant in canopy layer of ridge forests (spur-buttressed tree up to 30 m. high; bark grey, some- what flaky, lenticellate; leaves clustered at the apex of the branchlets; flowers green; fruit smooth, green, immature, + 1.2 cm. diameter ). We have found only minor differences in these collections from various altitudes and possibly habitats. In the plants of low altitude the pubescence tends to be more obviously stellate-lepidote, the leaves are practically all retuse or rounded at the apex, and perhaps a little more decurrent down the petiole; these are only minor variations. We believe the cited collections represent a single species. Campnosperma macrophylla (Blume) Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2:41. 1876; Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 316. 1883; Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 56: 359. 1920; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settl. 10: 254. 1939. Buchanania macrophylla Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 185. 1850; Scheffer, Ann. Jard. Bot, Buitenz. 1: 17. 1876; F. v. Muell. Pap. Pl. 1: 54. 1876. British NEw GuINnEA: Palmer River, 2 miles below Black River Junction, Brass 7117, June 1936, alt. 100 m., chief dominant of a special swamp-forest found on a broad plateau-like ridge (straight slender tree 30 m. tall, with small open crown of sparsely foliaged semi-erect branches, and producing numerous slender-kneed pneumatophores from a few cm. to over 1 m. high; stem spur-buttressed or with prop-roots at the base; bark brown, lenticellate, vertically furrowed; leaves stiff, con- cave, shining above, brown pubescent beneath; flowers green; fruit immature); Gaima, Lower Fly River (east bank), Brass 8292, Novem- ber 1936, forming pure open stands in reed swamps within rain-forests (erect tree 20 m. high; bark brown, hard, furrowed, pink when cut; wood pale pink; young leaves brown beneath; ripe fruit smooth, black, soft, fleshy, up to 18 mm, long, 16.5 mm. diameter ). This species has been reported from Papuasia only on the basis of a single sterile specimen (hence doubtfully determined) collected by Teysmann on the island of Méoswar in Geelvink Bay, according to Scheffer, F. v. Mueller, and Lauterbach. The two collections above cited show both @ flowers and fruit; consequently, there should be little question concerning their identity, if we have interpreted the descrip- 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VIII 535 tions and herbarium specimens of C. macrophylla (Bl.) Hook. f. cor- rectly. The leaves are a little smaller (11-18 cm. long, 7—9 cm. broad) with fewer primary veins (13-22). Although these collections seem clearly to be conspecific, it should be noted that, in one, the lower surface of the leaves is covered with stellate (or fasciculate) hairs, obvious to the eye, as well as with smaller stellate scales; in the other collection occasional stellate hairs are present on the leaves; the young ones, although covered closely with the brown stellate scales, have the longer indumentum only on the petioles. Corner’s work is the most recent treatment of the genus; unfortu- nately for us, he restricts his consideration to those species occurring in the Malay Peninsula. Campnosperma auriculata (Bl.) Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 41. 1876; Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 320. 1883; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settl. 10: 253. 1939. Buchanania auriculata Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 185. 1850. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 13963, April 1939, alt. 50-60 m., plentiful in rain-forests on higher levels of flooded plains and on moist alluvial flats not subject to inunda- tion (large prominently buttressed tree 30-50 m. high; flowers green. The soft, not very durable wood was used by the expedition for making canoes). Previously collected in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. Campnosperma Brassii sp. nov. Arbor magna; innovationibus dense _ stellato-pubescentibus; foliis chartaceis vel tenuiter coriaceis, subsessilibus, petiolo vix 1 cm. longo auriculato, auriculis inconspicuis, 5 mm. diametro, + rotundatis, dense stellato-pubescentibus, lamina oblanceolata, 15-40 cm. longa, 6-12 cm. lata, in parte inferiore deorsum gradatim elongato-angustata, basi supra auriculis rotundata, apice rotundata, margine integra, supra glabra, crebre manifeste reticulata, subtus praecipue venis venulisque + minute stellato-pilosa; venis primariis utrinsecus 20-26, utrinque prominulis, late patenti-adscendentibus, parallelis, prope marginem sursum versis; paniculis axillaribus 15 cm. (in fructu 35 cm.) longis, dense et minute stellato-pilosis, ramulis inferioribus usque 7 cm. longis, bracteis ovatis acutis; floribus @ breviter pedicellatis tetrameris; calycis segmentis stellato-pubescentibus late ovatis, acutiusculis, circiter 0.5 mm. longis; petalis glabris ovatis 1 mm. longis obtusis; disco glabro crasso; stamini- bus 0.6 mm. longis, antheris parvis; ovario obtuse conico, in parte in- ferioré stellato-pubescente, stigmate + distincte lobato; drupis ovoideis 5 mm. longis 4 mm. diametro glabris. 536 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL, XxI SoLoMon IsLANDS: Ysabel Island: Garona, Brass 3355 (type), December 1932, riverine rain-forests, common in lowlands (tall spreading tree attaining a large size; old trees with flange buttresses and rough bark; branches leaf-scarred; leaves densely clustered at ends of branches, upper surface shining, lower brown, nerves on upper side very pale; flowers greenish; fruit smooth, brown, glandular-dotted, flesh oily; sap oily; one of the most conspicuous lowland trees). This species differs from Campnosperma macrophylla (Blume) Hook. f., the other known pubescent Malaysian species, in that the leaves are almost sessile and auricled. The petals are glabrous, the disk is thicker, the ovary is sparsely pubescent, and the fruit is much smaller. The lamina of the leaf is 5 mm. wide on either side of the midrib in the lower part, which corresponds to the winged petiole in C. auriculata (Bl.) Hook. f., a species with glabrous leaves. Apparently this is the first collection of the genus in the Solomon Islands. Rhus Linnaeus Rhus taitensis Guillem. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. 7: 361. 1837; A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Exped. 368. 1854; Merr. Enum. Philip. FI. PI. at 473. 1923; Kaneh. Fl. Micrones. 185. f. 76. 1933; Christophersen, Bishop Mus. Bull. 128: 127. 1935. Rhus rufa Teysm. & Binn. Nat. Tijdschr. 27: 52. 1863. Rhus panaciformis F, v. Muell. Fragm. Phytogr. Austr. 7: 22. 1869-71. Rhus retusa Zoll. ex Engl. in DC. Monog. Phan. 450. 1883, and 8 Blumei Engler 1.c. Rhus Engleriana Warb. Bot. Jahrb. 13: 363. 1891. Rhus retusa var. rufa Koorders & Valeton, Meded. Lands Plant. 19: 412. 1898. NETHERLANDS New GuInEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass 13726, March 1939, alt. 850 m., rain-forest, com- mon in older seral growths on river banks (tree + 15 m. high, 20 cm. diameter); Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 14123, May 1939, alt. 70 m., in primary forest of flood plain (tree 24 m. high, 44 cm. diameter; bark grey-brown with some white sap; wood reddish brown). BritrsH New GuINEA: Central Division, Laloki River, Rona, Brass 3674, March 1933, alt. 450 m., plentiful in borders of rain-forests and in light gully forests (erect tree up to 15 m. high, with stiffly spread- ing branches; bark pale grey-brown, slightly fissured and flaky; sap milky; flowers white) ; Eastern Division, Lower Mori River, Brass 15 if, May 1926 (tree 40-50 feet, with pale close grey bark; flowers white ; fruit glossy black, slightly viscid). NORTHEASTERN NEW GUINEA: Sattel- berg, Clemens 1946, March 1936, alt. + 900 m. SoLomon IsLanps: 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VIII 537 Bougainville Island: Kugumaru, Buin, Kajewski 1844, June 1930, alt. 150 m., rain-forest (large tree up to 20 m. high; fruits black, 5 mm. long, 3 mm. diameter, in numerous spreading panicles). Guadalcanal Is and: Uulolo, near Tutuve Mountain, Kajew- ski 2494, April 1931, alt. 1200 m., rain-forest (a large tree of the higher altitudes, up to 20 m. high, with spreading crown and short trunk; bark grey-brown, with small irregular furrows; sap milky; flowers white, faintly scented). N’Gela Island (Florida Island | northern end of island, Brass 3504, January 1933, alt. 100 m., rain-forest slopes (handsome tree with spreading crown; bark pale grey, brittle, slightly suberose, pink when cut; latex copious; flowers white). San Cristobal Island: Waumamura, Brass 2845, September 1932, lowland rain-forests (spreading tree 25 m. high; bark grey, peeling in thin flakes; sap milky; flowers white). In addition to the above material from Papuasia, we have at hand an isotype of Rhus Engleriana Warb. from the Key Islands, a collection from Java, one from the Celebes, four from the Philippine Islands, one from Queensland, one from the New Hebrides, two from Tahiti, and four from Samoa. These, we believe, represent a single wide-ranging species. The collections differ chiefly in the amount of pubescence on the lower surface of the leaves; this is so variable in quantity that it does not seem as if it could be a character of any great value. Lauterbach, Bot. Jahrb. 56: 363. 1920, in his comment on 2. Blumei Engl. points out that the specimens from New Guinea are glabrous; nevertheless, Melanococca tomentosa Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 236. 1850, the basis of Rhus retusa 8 Blumei Engl., is described as subochraceous-tomentose on the branches, petioles, rhachis of leaves, and peduncles. From the collec- tions at hand, we infer that the pubescence of the leaves is a more or less transitory feature. The species passed for a time as Rhus rufa Teysm. & Binn., but, following Engler, later workers took up R. retusa, appar- ently a manuscript-name of Zollinger. As far as we know, R. rufa Teysm. & Binn. is the earlier published name of the two; but, since the material does not appear to be separable from the Polynesian collections representing R. taitensis Guillem., there is no question of priority of names. Semecarpus Linnaeus f. Semecarpus magnifica K. Schum. Fl. Kais. Wilhelmsl. 65. 1889; K. Schum. & Lauterb. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 411. 1900; Lauterb. Nov. Guin. 8: 299. 1910, l.c. 8: 830. 1912, Bot. Jahrb. 56: 368, f. 5. 1920. BritisH NEw Guinea: Fly River, 528 mile Camp, Brass 6792, May 538 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII 1936, alt. 80 m., common in forest undergrowth on flooded river banks as well as on the ridges; Palmer River, 2 miles below Black River Junc- tion, Brass 7304, July 1936, alt. 100 m., common in forest undergrowth on flood plains and lower ridges; Central Division, Ononge Road, Dieni, Brass 3943, April-May 1933, alt. 500 m., rain-forest; Thu, Vailala River, Brass 974, rain-forest. The field notes are here summarized: small slen- der usually unbranched tree 5-6 m. tall, with a crown of very large oblanceolate leaves (in one number, two whorls 10 cm. apart) ; panicles several, scattered along the stem, flowers flat, small, white; numerous brown pubescent fruits. The pubescence is somewhat variable, Brass 3943 being practically glabrous. Not previously reported from British New Guinea. Semecarpus fulvo-villosa Lauterb. Bot. Jahrb. 56: 371. 1920. British New Gurtnea: Palmer River, 2 miles below Black River Junction, Brass 7271, July 1936, alt. 100 m., forest undergrowth of lower ridges (sparse slender tree 3—4 m. high; leaves stiff, grey below, flowers cream-colored) ; Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, Brass 7461, August 1936, contact zone of rain- and savanna-forest (tree 14 m. high, with pale brown corky deeply fissured bark exuding quantities of black resin when cut; leaves grey beneath). In the original description based on the staminate plant, specimens are cited from Netherlands New Guinea, Northeastern New Guinea, and the Bismarck Archipelago. The above cited collections seem to fit this species reasonably well, the first is in flower (4), the second in fruit. Infructescence axis 29 cm. long; branches 1-7 cm. long; dried drupes compressed, transversely and somewhat obliquely ellipsoid, 2 cm. long, 2.5 cm. broad, slightly keeled, golden brown velutinous, closely and very shallowly sulcate from base to apex, apex a little excentric, not beaked; hypocarp also golden brown velvety, turbinate, 6 mm. long, deeply sulcate when dry. Semecarpus rostrata Valeton, Bull. Dept. Agric. Ind. Néerl. 10: 29. 1907, Ic. Bogor. 3: 151, ¢. 259. 1908, Lauterb. Nov. Guin. 8: 299. 1910, 1. c. 8: 830. 1912, Bot. Jahrb. 56: 367. 1920. British New Gurnea: Fly River, 528 mile Camp, Brass 6788, May 1936, alt. 80 m., occasional in forest undergrowth on muddy flood banks of river (shrub 1-1.5 m. high; leaves stiff, pale beneath; inflorescence racemose, terminal; fruit + 5 cm. long, apical portion yellow, fleshy base green); Ihu, Vailala River, Brass 963, February 1926, common in rain-forests (small bush with terminal racemose inflorescence; fruit dull green, with much enlarged fleshy yellow base); Murua River, Gulf Di- vision, Brass 1334, March 1926, rain-forests. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VIII 539 There is considerable variation in the leaf-outline; nevertheless, these collections agree fairly well with Valeton’s description and plate of Semecarpus rostrata, a species previously known from Netherlands New Guinea. Semecarpus decipiens sp. nov. Arbor 20 m. alta; ramulis glabris, novellis + angulatis vel sulcatis, innovationibus pubescentibus; foliis petiolatis petiolo 2-3.5 cm. longo glabro supra canaliculato, glabris, coriaceis, utrinque manifeste reticu- latis, obovatis vel ellipticis vel lanceolatis, 11-23 cm. longis, 5-9 cm. latis, basi cuneatis atque breviter decurrentibus, apice abrupte ac pler- umque anguste acuminatis, margine integris vix revolutis; venis primariis utrinsecus 14-18, supra manifestis, subtus prominentibus, late patenti- adscendentibus prope marginem curvatis ac + anastomosantibus; pani- culis terminalibus axillaribusque, plerumque quam foliis brevioribus, 10-20 cm. longis, minute pubescentibus, ramis subdivaricatis; floribus sessilibus, ¢ : alabastris 1.5 mm. longis pubescentibus; calycis segmentis 0.5 mm. longis subtriangularibus; petalis late lanceolatis subacutis 2 mm. longis; staminibus 2 mm. longis, antheris subcordatis; ovarii rudimento piloso; @: calycis segmentis parvis; petalis elongato-ovatis acutis 2.5 mm. longis; staminibus quam petalis brevioribus, antheris parvis; disco dense pubescente; ovario depresse globoso dense piloso, stylis 3 diver- gentibus, stigmate bilobo; drupis lateraliter compressis, oblique ac trans- verse oblongis, 2 cm. longis, 2.5 cm. latis, apice breviter rostratis, rostra 4 mm. longa, consperse pubescentibus, hypocarpio 6 mm. longo + tur- binato. BritisH NEw GuINnEA: Sturt Island, Lower Fly River, Brass 8194, October 1936, flood plain rain-forest (profusely flowering tree attaining 30 m.; bark pale brown; leaves glaucous beneath; sap black; flowers green). SOLOMON IstaNps: Bougainville Island: Kugu- maru, Buin, Kajewski 1985, July 1930, alt. 150 m., common in rain- forest (tree up to 20 m. high), Karngu, Buin, Kajewski 2252, October 1930, alt. 50 m., common in rain-forest (tree up to 30 m. hig Guadalcanal Island: Uulolo, Tutuve Mountain, Kajewski 2560, April 1931, alt. 1200 m. (small tree up to 15 m. high; fruit green with hooked point at end, 2.5 cm. long, 2.6 cm. diameter. The sap o this tree is very caustic, burning the skin severely). San Cristobal Island: Waimamura, Brass 2666 (TYPE), August 1932, common in coastal rain-forests (erect tree 20 m. tall; bark brown, lenticellate; leaves pale, stiff, slightly wrinkled, glaucous below; flowers white). Malaita Island: Quoimonapu, Kajewski 2328, December 1930, 540 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. xx alt. 50 m., rain-forest, common (medium sized tree up to 20 m. high; sap very caustic; flowers minute, petals cream-colored). Ysabel Island: Meringue, Brass 3167, November 1932, littoral rain-forest (large spreading tree with pale brown flaky bark; leaves very dull, grey beneath; flowers white); Garona, Brass 3358, December 1932, lowland rain-forests, common (tree 10 m. tall; bark pale brown, slightly scaly; leaves stiff, dull green, grey beneath; flowers pale yellow; fruit green; sap mucilaginous). This species is closely allied to Semecarpus laxiflora K. Schum. and S. uncata Slis; but these have terminal inflorescences and somewhat dif- ferent fruits. The fruits of S. laxiflora K. Schum. are described as sub- tomentose with golden hairs, and that of S. uncata Slis is pictured with a longer more curving beak than is found in the Solomon Island material. Semecarpus brachystachys sp. nov. Arbor 25 m. alta; foliis chartaceis vel tenuiter coriaceis, petiolatis petiolo circiter 3 cm. longo minute pubescente, ellipticis, ad tertium su- perum paullo latioribus, 25-34 cm. longis, 12-15 cm. latis, basi rotundato- cuneatis vel breviter obtusis, apice rotundatis vel obtusis deinde abrupte acuminatis, margine integris undulatis leviter revolutis, supra glabris vel conspersissime et minute substellatis, crebre reticulatis, subtus glaucis, praecipue costa venisque minute pubescentibus (trichomatibus simpli- cibus atque substellatis); venis primariis utrinsecus circiter 22 + parallelis patentibus prope marginem subabrupte arcuatim anastomosan- tibus, supra manifestis, subtus prominulis, secundariis a primariis fere angulo recto abeuntibus, utrinque manifestis; paniculis terminalibus, in fructu circiter 10 cm. longis, ramis -- pubescentibus; floribus non visis; drupis immaturis lateraliter compressis oblique obovatis, breviter ros- tellatis rostro excentrico, circiter 4 cm. longis, in parte latissima 3 cm. latis, minute substellato-pubescentibus, brunnescentibus, in sicco longi- tudinaliter sulcatis; hypocarpio obtuse obconico, circiter 1 cm. longo, 1.2 cm. lato. SoLoMon Istanps: San Cristobal: Magoha River, Brass 2740 (type), August 1932, river bank, common in lowlands (tree 25 m. tall with brown suberose slightly flaky bark; leaves dull green, grey beneath; fruit immature; sap turns black upon exposure to air). The leaves somewhat resemble Semecarpus Anacardium L., but the inflorescence is much shorter and the fruit much larger. Perhaps among New Guinean species it approaches S. Airtiflora Ridley, the latter, how- ever, has hirsute pubescence, a very short inflorescence and fruit about half the size of that of S. solomonensis. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, PLANTAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, VIII 541 Semecarpus Archboldiana sp. nov. Arbor 21 m. alta; innovationibus pubescentibus; foliis + rigide coriaceis, utrinque reticulatis, petiolatis petiolo + 2.5 cm. longo basim versus + applanato, pubescente, obovato-ellipticis, 9-23 cm. longis, 4.5-11.5 cm. latis, basi late obtusis interdum subrotundatis, apice ro- tundatis deinde abrupte breviterque acuminatis, margine integris sub- undulatis, supra glabris interdum costa parce pubescente, subtus flavescentibus glaucis, secus costa venisque + pilosis; venis primariis utrinsecus 15-23 + parallelis patentibus, prope marginem. arcuatim anastomosantibus, supra impressis, subtus prominentibus, secundariis a primariis fere ease recto abeuntibus, subtus conspicuis; paniculis ? terminalibus + 16 cm. longis, interdum a basi ramosis, axi crasso ramisque brevissime tomentosis; floribus non visis, breviter pedicellatis vel sessilibus; drupis 1.5—2 cm. longis, 3-5 cm. latis, 3 cm. crassis, apice profunde depressis, sublobatis, uno latere subcarinatis, + minute tomen- tosis, hypocarpio obtuse obconico, 1 cm. longo, 2 cm. lato, longitudinaliter subsulcato, minute tomentoso. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 12590 (type), February 1939, alt. 1230 m., rare in primary rain-forest on ridge (tree 21 m. high, 42 cm. diameter; bark 15 mm. thick, scaly, black, with some black sap; fruits green). The alliance of this species is unquestionably with those Philippine and Polynesian species, S. philippinensis Engl. and S. vitiensis Engl., at one time placed in Oncocarpus A. Gray. Although the depressed and some- what knobby sinuate drupes are readily distinguishable from the lat- erally compressed ones of Semecarpus L. f. proper, nevertheless, from the available material examined, we are inclined to agree that the two are not separable on strong generic characters, but might well represent distinct sections. Probably S. venenosa Volkens of Micronesia belongs to this same group. CORY NOCARPACEAE Corynocarpus J. R. & G. Forster Corynocarpus australasica C. T. White, Contr. Arnold Arb. 4: 57, pl. 5. 1933; Van Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. III. 13: 101 +1 1985, NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 13101, March 1939, alt. 1220 m., rare tree in primary forest (bark black, scaly, rough; wood yellow- 542 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL, XXII brown). British New Guinea: Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, Brass 7713, September 1936, rain-forest substage (tree 12 m. high; leaf- nerves prominent below; immature fruit smooth, globose, + 4 cm. diameter). The species is known from three previous collections, two from Queensland, and one from Netherlands New Guinea (southern part) cultivated in the Botanic Gardens at Buitenzorg. This material seems to match the type fairly well as to foliar characters and fruit, the floral parts have practically all fallen. Professor I. W. Bailey and Mr. Rich- ard Howard very kindly sectioned twigs for us and compared the structure of the wood with that of prepared material of Corynocarpus. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HarvarD UNIVERSITY. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, OLD WORLD SPECIES OF TURPINIA 543 OBSERVATIONS ON OLD WORLD SPECIES OF TURPINIA VENTENAT E. D. MERRILL AND L. M. PERRY SINCE we have found no records of the occurrence of species of Turpinia Vent. in Papuasia, we were obliged to begin with the Indo- Malaysian collections as a starting point in the identification of the nine New Guinean numbers at hand. The species are readily separated into two categories, one with simple leaves, the other with compound ones. The first, consisting of T. arguta Seem. with much larger flowers than the other species, JT. formosana Nakai, T. indochinensis Mertr., T. simplicifolia Merr., and T. unifoliata Merr. & Chun, has received no consideration, as all our strictly simple-leaved specimens have been named. Approximately 20 binomials have been proposed for the compound-leaved species. A few have been credited with a wide geo- graphical range, while others are as yet restricted to limited areas. In addition to considerable unnamed material in the herbarium, there is so much variation in the named collections that it has seemed necessary to try to find some stable specific characters. This has been no easy task. Species are difficult to delimit, some currently recognized ones at times passing almost imperceptibly into closely related forms. Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: 339. 1926, commenting on his 7. parviflora, said “this species, T. parva, and T. nepalensis are very closely allied and require further study in the field.” Probably the only satisfactory study of the genus lies in the correlative observation of living and herbarium material. This, of course, is out of the question for us; further, we are handicapped by the lack of types. Nevertheless, we venture to set forth a summary of the compound-leaved species in the hope that it may be useful to others because of the widely scattered literature appertaining to the genus. In the Indo-Malaysian material the stipels of the leaflets are separate. In the collections from New Guinea, the two stipels of the pairs of opposite leaflets are united into one and bent backward toward the proximal end of the leaf in such a way as to cover at the point of insertion the shallow channel of the rachis lying between the insertion of the leaflets. As to the other foliar characters, differences are evident in the leaf-texture, and also in the relatively even or obvtously uneven 544 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. xxl distribution of the primary nerves along the midribs. Again, in some species, the margins are more definitely serrulate or crenulate-serrulate than in others. Although the leaf-outline is highly variable, if one has an abundance of material there are certain definite trends which tend to mark a species; for instance, in T. pomifera (Roxb.) DC. there is a distinct tendency toward an elongated apex which is rarely found in our material of T. sphaerocarpa Hassk. We have not found the number of leaflets a dependable character, nor seen any strictly trifoliolate species. Our specimens are 1—3-—5-foliolate or 5—7—11-foliolate. Craib, in de- scribing T. robusta, points out that one leaf is 4-foliolate in the type- specimen. We have no material either of this species or of the related T. trifoliata Ridl. from the Malay Peninsula. The latter ought to be easy to recognize by the short panicle; as for the foliar characters of Ridley’s species, it should be noted that in the original description, Jour. Roy. As. Soc. Straits Branch 82: 178. 1920, the petioles are de- scribed as ‘“‘.2 in. long,’ which is repeated in Ridley’s Fl. Malay Pen. 1: 512. 1922, but fig. 50 of the latter work shows them to be longer than any of the petiolules; the sketch is probably correct. The relative length of the panicle, its laxness, and the arrangement of the flowers, whether crowded or not, are fairly useful specific characters. The flowers are almost too constant to be of much help in determinative work. In some species the petals are ciliolate, some have larger anthers, a few have pubescent filaments, and the number of ovules varies, as from 2-4, 4-6, and 6-8. The size of the fruit would seem to be a fairly good char- acter, but it is difficult to evaluate in the herbarium on account of the collections being in various stages of development. The thickness of the pericarp appears to be of some value, since, even in immature fruits of the fleshy-fruited species, this feature is foreshadowed by the rela- tively small locules in comparison with the thickness of the pericarp and the size of the fruit. Pubescence is a minor feature of Turpinia Vent. In two collections from Sumatra the leaflets are pubescent on the lower surface. J. malabarica Gamble, T. ternata Nakai, and sometimes T. affinis have pubescent or ciliolate filaments. TJ. affinis is the only species we have found with the style and the upper part of the ovary hirtellous. Although the genus extends from China to New Guinea, several species have a limited distribution. The one with widest range, China, Indo- China, Sumatra, and Java, appears to be Turpinia montana (Blume) Kurz, with a variety in Borneo. T. pomifera (Roxb.) DC. has been considered a collective species extending from India to the Celebes, but our specimens indicate that T. pomifera (Roxb.) DC. in the strict 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, OLD WORLD SPECIES OF TURPINIA 545 sense is found in northern India (including Assam and Burma), Siam, Indo-China, and western China. Turpinia sphaerocarpa occurs in Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Mindanao, and the Celebes. Omitted from our summary is the consideration of 7. parviflora Craib, T. robusta Craib, and T. trifoliata Ridl. We have no material so labelled, and none from the region of the type-localities that seems to fit their descriptions. Even when we have specimens to examine, the characters are sometimes so elusive that we cannot always be sure of the proper disposition of the collections. Our superficial key represents such species as are available to us in the herbarium material at hand. We are citing only what we take to be representative specimens, although in some cases we have numerous collections of individual species. REY TO SPECIES 1. Stipels separate. Indo-Malaysia. 2. Pericarp somewhat fleshy, 1-5 mm. or more thick in the dried fruit. 3. Fruit 2-2.5 cm. epee eerie 2-5 mm. or more thick; half- open flowers 3.5—-4 mm. long, anthers oblong-ovate, 0.8-1 mm, long; leaves ee elliptic, often elongate-acuminate ‘ pomiiers. (Roxb.) DC. 3. Fruit up to 2 cm. diameter ; pericarp 1-2(-3 in larger fruits) mm. thick; half-open flowers 2-3 mm. long, anthers + round, 0.6-0.8 mm. diameter; leaves oblong or elliptic, rarely elongate-acuminate 4, Filaments pubescent . i... 666s xs aes T. malabarica Gamble. 4. Filaments glabrous. 5. Primary veins of leaflets 7-9, equally distributed along either side of the midrib; margins of leaflets dis- tinctly crenulate-serrulate or serrulate. 6. Leaves oblong, thinly coriaceous ..............505+ T. sambucifolia Elmer. a Oe Yar Mer Yee tae Se eae ee Se 6. Leaves elliptic or oblong-ovate, coriaceous ........ tk ts T. sphaerocarpa Hassk. 5. Primary veins of leaflets 4-6, gradually more remote toward the distal end of the leaflets; i of leaflets usually indistinctly crenulate or serrulat 6. Inflorescence lax, loosely flowered; fruit pele yetween the remnants of the subconic bases of the: SEViGS hc ee es ew nae els T. latifolia Ridl. 6. Inflorescence more compact and stiff; fruit = rounded or subtrilobed at the apex ... 7. ovalifolia Elmer. 2. Pericarp scarcely fleshy, 0.5-1 mm, thick, often wrinkled when dry. 3. Half- -open flowers ee large, about 3 mm. long, anthers elliptic, 0.8-1 . lon 4. Pistil Dene 546 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxII 5. Filaments glabrous; leaflets rather stiffly coriaceous, closely crenulate-serrulate; venation prominent; primary veins spreading, then arcuate, ascending for some distance almost parallel with the margin .... Leeegeavdereewedetenesawenhae’s T. nitida M. & P. 5. Filaments pubescent; leaflets thinly coriaceous, remotely cre te; venation not prominent; primary veins spreading-ascending, toward the — arcuate Peas s FARCE PEERS AO RRSE SDE ROE EES T. ternata Nakai. 4. ae at least the style and exposed part the ovary, arsely hirtellous ..........e+ee0% T. affinis M. & P. 3. Half- Pi flowers relatively small, 2-2.5 mm. long, anthers und, 0.5—0.6 mm. diameter or a little broader than long. 4. eee compact, somewhat stiff; flowers crowded. 5. Leaves coriaceous; secondary venation inconspicuous ... 5 (UAARERED ETE S ETS T. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. 5. Leaves chartaceous to subcoriaceous; secondary venation somewhat conspicuous ........ . glaberrima Merr. 4 ‘ earn prs usually longer than the leaves; flowers rcely ded. ie cab pune secondary venation casa! see OTC eee ee TT eT Te T. mo a (Bl.) oe 5. Leaflets thinly coriaceous; ee 7. incon- POU 2 a icakanackeneenedeies T. laxiflora Ridl. mal end of the leaf. New Guinea fg poe en ovate-elliptic, rounded at the base, inconspicuously serru- te; fruit subglobose, marked at the ee with 3 radiating lines ; ovules in each locule 6-8 ....... T. Versteeghti M. & P. 1. Stipels ican into one intrapetiolular stipel and pentose toward the pro 2. Leaflets mostly oblong, obtuse at the base, serrulate; fruits 3- pointed at the apex; ovules in each locule 2..7. papuana M. & P. Turpinia pomifera (Roxb.) DC. Prodr. 2: 3. 1825. Dalrymplea pomifera Roxb. Pl. Coromand. 3: 76, t. 279. 1819. Inpi1a: Jalpaiguri, Parker 3217; Sikkim, J. D. Hooker, alt. 2—7000 ft.; Khasia, Hooker f. & Thomson, 2—5000 ft.; Assam, Margarata, Dr. Prain’s collector 986, 994. BuRMA: Moulmein, Falconer; Pegu, Kurz 2050; Mergui, Parker 3083, 3172, Stam: Chiengmai Province, Rock 1841, 1904. INpo-Cuina: Tonkin, vicinity of Dong Mo, Pételot 6320. CHINA: Yunnan: Szemao, Henry 11612F,; valley of the Nam Ha, Rock 2490, 2505; near Chieng Law, Rock 2367; Meng-bang, Jenn-yeh Hsien, Wang 80302; Tsang Yuan, Wang 73219; Che-li-Hsien, Wang 75946, 77674, 77574, 79334, The strongest characters of this species appear to be the elliptic- 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, OLD WORLD SPECIES OF TURPINIA 547 oblong acuminate leaflets (up to 23 cm. long and 8 cm. broad), the panicle usually shorter than the leaves, the fairly large flowers (half- open flower about 3.5—-4 mm. diameter) crowded towards the tips of the ultimate branchlets, the ovate-oblong anthers 0.8-1 mm. long, and the fleshy fruits (in our dried specimens + 2 cm. diameter). Roxburgh described the fruit as “the size of a large medlar.” None of the other species of the genus in the herbarium material available to us has as fleshy fruits as this. Further, it can usually be distinguished, even if immature, by the small locules and the relatively thick pericarp. Turpin‘a malabarica Gamble, Kew Bull. 1916: 135. 1916; Alston, Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 6(Suppl.): 59. 1931. Inpra: Concan, Stocks & Law. CryLton: Thwaites 218. Our material of this species is not in very good condition; but appar- ently the two best characters of this species are the pubescent filaments and the size of the fruit (about 1.3 cm. diameter). The pericarp is a little fleshy, not nearly so thick as in T. pomifera DC., but thicker than that of 7. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. Turpinia sambucifolia Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 9: 3217. 1934. PHILIPPINE IsLANDs: Luzon, Elmer 8750, 22178 (1soTyPE); Loher 14941; Merrill 2502; Williams 551; Vanoverbergh 1088; Forestry Bureau 24951 (Amarillas), 29362 (Azurin); Bureau of Science 24252 (Ramos). This species is very like Turpinia sphaerocarpa Hassk. The leaves are somewhat thinner in texture and oblong rather than elliptic. These are the only differences we see at present. Since we did not find any collec- tion from Luzon exactly matching T. sphaerocarpa Hassk., we are main- taining the species for the present. Turpinia sphaerocarpa Hassk. Flora 25: Beibl. 42. 1825. Dalrymplea javanica Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 439. 1848. Turpinia pomifera sensu Koord. & Valeton, Meded. Lands Plant. 61: 245 (Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 9: 245), 1903, Atlas Baumart. Java 1: fig. 93. 1913, non DC, Java: Forbes 951,965,973; Kuntze 5909; Netherlands Indies Forest Service Ja.3076, Ja.3145, Ja.3734. SuMATRA: Forbes 2480,W.N. & C. M. Bangham 862, 981. BorNEo: Mount Kinabalu, Clemens 10407, 34388, 34423, 34462, 40321, 51675. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Mindanao, Province of Davao, Elmer 11726, 11825; Province of Surigao, Forestry Bureau 26983. Crveses: Netherlands Indies Forest Service Cel./ We regret that we have not better material from Java representing 548 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII this species, as these are the logical collections to use as a basis of this specific concept. Only Kuntze 5909 (a specimen borrowed from the New York Botanical Garden) has flower buds sufficiently well developed to show the parts of the flower fairly well; from this and fig. 93 of Atlas Baumart. Java, we have taken the measurements for the anthers. In the Bornean material, particularly Clemens 40321, the apex of the anthers is much more distinctly apiculate; however, in view of the somewhat fragmentary material and the similarity in foliar characters, we have placed the Bornean collections in this species. Clemens 40321 differs also in having somewhat narrower, almost ligulate, petals. Turpinia sphaerocarpa Hassk. somewhat resembles 7. pomifera (Roxb.) DC., but the leaflets as a whole are smaller, with finer crenulate- serrulate margins, and usually with a shorter apex (acumen up to 1.5 cm. long; unfortunately the tips of the leaflets are mutilated in many of our specimens; in 7. pomifera DC. the acumen is 1-3 cm. long, usually about 2 cm.) ; the inflorescence is more ample, with less crowded and smaller flowers (half-open flower 2 mm. diameter), the anthers are rounded and only 0.5-0.6 mm. long, and the dried fruit rarely exceeds 1.5 cm. diameter. Turpinia latifolia Ridl. Jour. Roy. As. Soc. Straits Branch 82: 178. 1920, Fl. Malay Pen. 1: 512. 1922. Matay PENINSULA: Singapore, Corner 34688, Ngadiman 34690; Johore, Corner 28690, 28710. SUMATRA: vicinity of Rantau Parapat, Bila, Rahmat Si Toroes 1916, 1924, 2254; Division Padang Si Dimpoean, Rahmat Si Toroes 4808, 4886, 4921. This species, in the lax inflorescences, the size of the flowers, and the small anthers, is very like Turpinia sphaerocarpa Hassk. ‘The leaflets, however, have a smaller number of primary veins, and these are obvi- ously farther apart and unevenly distributed along the midrib, the inter- val between the adjacent pairs becoming longer toward the distal end of the leaflet; the margins too are only indistinctly crenulate-serrulate. The specimens from the Malay Peninsula are only in flower. In the Flora of the Malay Peninsula, l.c., Ridley described the fruit as “globose fleshy green .5 in. through.” In the Sumatran collections, the apex of the fruit, even in some as large as 2 cm. diameter, is depressed between the remnants of the laterally compressed subconic bases of the styles. Turpinia latifolia Ridl. var. pubescens var. nov. A forma typica differt ramulis, petiolo ac rhachi pubescentibus; folio- lis supra glabris, subtus praecipue costa nervisque pubescentibus; inflo- rescentiae axi, ramis ramulisque + pubescentibus. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, OLD WORLD SPECIES OF TURPINIA 549 SUMATRA: Sigamata, near Rantau Parapat, Bila, Rahmat Si Toroes 2922 (Type); Padang Si Dimpoean, Goenoeng Manaoen, Rahmat Si Toroes 4468. The type is fragmentary, the leaflets being mostly separated from the rachis, but the flowers are normal. In the other specimen, the leaves are 3- and 5-foliolate, but all the flowers seem to have been stung. The general habit of the collections is much like that of Turpinia latifolia Ridl., hence, we have allied the material with that species. These are the only specimens of the genus in which we have seen pubescence on the leaves. Turpinia ovalifolia Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2: 490. 1908. Turpinia lucida Nakai, Jour. Arnold Arb. 5: 80. 1924. Turpima pachyphylla Merr. Philip. Jour. Sci. 27: 33. 1925. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS: Luzon, Elmer 8088 (isotype), 8601; Bureau of Science 22559 (Ramos & Deroy), 22585 (type of T. lucida Nakai), 40243 (Ramos & Edano), 41483 (Ramos), 45283 (Ramos & Edano) ; Forestry Bureau 22703 (Gangan), 24294 (Bawan & Borromeo); Adduru 273; Palawan, Elmer 13122. This species and Turpinia latifolia Ridl., apart from their geographi- cal range, are difficult to distinguish. In the Philippine material, the inflorescence is usually shorter than the leaves and also not so open as in T. latifolia Ridl., and the flowers are a little larger (half-open bud 3 mm. long) and of firmer texture than in the Malayan plant. Turpinia nitida sp. nov. Arbuscula glabra, tantum inflorescentia minute pubescens; petiolo + 6 cm. longo, rhachi 10 cm. longa; foliis 1—2-jugis; foliolis valde coriaceis, oblongis vel ellipticis, 10-20 cm. longis, 4-9 cm. latis, basi rotundatis interdum leviter inaequalibus, apice breviter acuminatis, marginibus dense serratis, utrinque nitidis, manifeste reticulatis; venis primariis utrinsecus + 10 patulis deinde arcuatim adscendentibus, versus marginem inconspicue vel haud anastomosantibus; petiolulis 1-3 cm. longis; paniculis 17 cm. longis, ramis 4 cm. longis atque ramulis puberulis; pedicellis + 2 mm. longis; floribus sub anthesi 4.5 mm. diametro; sepalis 3-4 mm. longis late ellipticis rotundatis ciliatis; petalis oblongis 4 mm. longis vix ciliolatis; filamentis circiter 3.5 mm. longis, basi 0.8 mm. latis, apice subulatis, antheris ovatis circiter 1 mm. longis, apice apiculatis (apiculo 0.2 mm. longo) ; disco crenulato ovario glabro subaequilongo; stylis glabris + connatis; ovulis 4 in loculo; baccis immaturis + 1 cm. diametro, stylorum basibus persis- tentibus; pericarpio 0.5 mm. crasso. 550 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx Borneo: Mount Kinabalu, Penibukan, Clemens 30770 in part, 30840 (type), January 1933, alt. 4000-5000 ft. (recumbent treelet; fruit purplish); Marai Parai, Clemens 30178, May 1933, alt. 3000 ft. (flowers cream-green, corolla purple on the margin). This species is perhaps closest to Turpinia sphaerocarpa Hassk. The leaflets, however, are more regularly coriaceous than in the latter species, the flowers are somewhat larger with anthers almost 1 mm. long and very distinctly apiculate, and the fruits, with a pericarp 0.5 mm. thick, could scarcely be called fleshy. Turpinia ternata Nakai, Jour. Arnold Arb. 5: 78. 1924. Japan: Liukiu, Yokohama Nursery Company; C. Wright ; Kyushu, Tashiro (typr); E. H. Wilson 6107. Formosa: E. H. Wilson 11072. In these collections the leaves are 1- and 3-foliolate. This is the nearest approach to a trifoliolate species in our herbarium. Twurpinia ternata Nakai is a fairly well marked species with half-open flowers 3—4 mm. diameter, pubescent filaments and large ovate-oblong anthers 0.8 mm. long; the fruits are immature, but in these the pericarp is scarcely more than 0.5 mm. thick. Turpinia affinis sp. nov. Arbor parva ubique praeter inflorescentiam glabra; cortice fusco; petiolo 6-14 cm. longo, rhachi 9-25 cm. longa; foliis impari-pinnatis 2—-4(interdum—5)-jugis; stipulis caducis, stipellis minutis; foliolis ellip- tico-oblongis, 7-18 cm. longis, 2.5—6 cm. latis, basi cuneatis vel obtusis, apice acuminatis (acumine 1—2.5 cm. longis), margine plerumque dense serratis, coriaceis, inconspicue reticulatis; venis primariis utrinsecus 7-10 arcuatim adscendentibus; petiolulis 1-1.5 cm. longis; paniculis usque 30 cm. longis, divaricatim ramosis, axi ramulisque minute pube- scentibus; floribus in ramulis ultimis pseudoracemosis vel cymoso- confertis, magnis; pedicellis + 1.5 mm. longis; sepalis elliptico-ovatis obtusis ciliatis 2.5—3 mm. longis; petalis 4 mm. longis obovato-ellipticis ciliatis, interdum paullo pilosis; filamentis 3 mm. longis, basi 1 mm. latis sursum angustatis, saepe ciliolatis, antheris ovato-oblongis 1(—1.2) mm. longis; disco dentato ™% longitudinem ovarii; ovario 1 mm. longo, parte superiore atque stylis (2 mm. longis) + parce hirtellis; ovulis 6-8; baccis subglobosis, 1-1.5 cm. diametro, cicatricibus stylorum persis- tentibus, plerumque parce hirtellis; pericarpio 0.5-1 mm. crasso. CHINA: Hupeh, Chow 2004; Kweichow, Steward, Chiao & Cheo 768; Kwangsi, Steward & Cheo 380; Tsang 22365, Chun 6817; Szechuan, Wilson 2351, 3359, 4803; Fang 3797, 12574; Chiao & Fan 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, OLD WORLD SPECIES OF TURPINIA 551 136; Yu-Shih Liu 1283, 1885; Yunnan, Tsai 53322, 54334, 54598, 55334, 55982, 56614, 58519, 58667, 59122; Yiu 17774, 19949; Forrest 15683 (TYPE), 17583, 18075, 26224, 26272; Henry 10694; Sikong, Chiao 1286, 1704. Inpo-Cutna, Tonkin, Chapa, Pételot 5929. Data on the type number, Forrest 15683, taken from Notes, Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 17: 152. 1930: “Shrub or tree of 30 or 40 ft. Flowers creamy-white. In open thickets on the Shweli-Salween divide. Lat. 25°30’ N. Alt. 10,000 ft. July 1917.” This species has flowers as large as those of Turpinia pomifera (Roxb.) DC. The leaflets, although acuminate, have not the elongate apex which marks most of the collec- tions of the latter species. The fruits are scarcely at all fleshy and not nearly so large as in T. pomifera (Roxb.) DC. Indeed, it would seem that this species is the explanation of why T. pomifera (Roxb.) DC. and T. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. (T. nepalensis Wight & Arn.) have been confused in China. Turpinia affinis, although readily separated from T. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. in the flowering state by the open lax inflorescence with flowers almost twice as large, is somewhat difficult to distinguish in the more nearly mature fruits. In all the specimens cited we have been able to see, around the subpersistent bases of the styles, some remnants of the pubescence which is readily seen on the pistil in the flower. The leaves usually have 5-9, sometimes 11, leaflets, a little broader than in the related species and more closely serrate. Turpinia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. Jour. Arnold Arb, 19:43. Triceros cochinchinensis Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 184. 1790. Tur pinia nepalensis Wight & Arn. Prodr. 156. 1834. InpIA: Nepal, Wallich 4277; Assam, Khasia, Hooker f. & Thomson; Khasia and Jaintia Hills, Ruse 137. Burma: Thandaung, Dickason 5143; Kachin Hills, Shaik Mokim. INpo-Cuina: Annam, Mt. Bana, Clemens 3791; Tonkin, Petelot 4242. Cuina: Yunnan, Henry 11612, A,B,H,I ; Tsai 54310, 54504, 54625, 56367, 56400, 56912, 58789, 58887, 58985 ; Forrest 7476, 8474, 11857, 11888, 15758, 17867, 17893, 26410, 26521; Rock 2924, 7200; Wang 73075, 76313, 77381; Yu 18195. Turpinia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. shows considerable variation. Amongst the material cited are specimens with 3-foliolate leaves, 3- and 5-foliolate leaves, but most have 5-foliolate leaves. The species is not an easy one to define. It blends into T. montana (Blume) Kurz and T. glaberrima Merr. on the one hand, and on the other it is not easy to distinguish from T. afinis in fruit. Its best character is the somewhat 552 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII stiff compact inflorescence and small flowers. In 7. montana (Blume) Kurz the netted venation of the leaves is much more distinct, the serra- tions are closer, and the inflorescence is longer and distinctly lax. Turpinia glaberrima Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 7: 312. 1931, l.c. 14: CuinA: Kwangsi, Ko 55847; Kwangtung, Tsiang 1701, 2715; Taam 176, 579; Hong Kong, C. Wright; Hainan, How 70303, 71654, 73218 ; Wang 36220, 36510; Liang 63626, 64285, 64286, 64719; Chun & Tso 43958, 43682, 43918, 44396; McClure (C.C.C. 8497). Inpo-CHINA: along Kwangtung-Tonkin border, Taai Wong Mo Shan, Tsang 27226. This species needs to be studied in the field; it is perplexingly in- constant. Some numbers have the leaves 1- and 3-foliolate, other 3- and 5-foliolate, or all 5-foliolate, a single number which we interpret as a young growing shoot of this species has 9—11-foliolate leaves. Some specimens are disturbingly close to Turpinia montana (Blume) Kurz, yet none has as long an inflorescence as that species; further, although the secondary venation is fairly distinct, the leaves are mostly firmer. Other collections are scarcely separable from 7. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. since we have removed T. affinis from that complex. Possibly more material of the three species will lead to the reduction of this. Turpinia glaberrima Merr. var. stenophylla var. nov. A forma typica differt foliolis angustioribus 4.5-6(—10) cm. longis, 1.5—2 cm. latis, plerumque rhachi breviore. CHINA: Kwangtung, along the Kwangtung-Tonkin Border, Fang Ch’eng District, Tsang 26739 (Type); Kwangsi, Sup-man-ta Shan, Liang 69616, 69632. These specimens are all fruiting material. The type of the variety has leaves small enough to belong to Turpinia parviflora Craib, described from Siam. We have no material so named, and Craib points out that it is very closely allied both to T. parva Koord. & Val. and to T. nepalensis Wight & Arn. Both the latter species have a fairly large inflorescence; the inflorescence in both 7. glaberrima Merr. and var. stenophylla is mostly shorter than the leaves. Turpinia montana (Blume) Kurz, Jour. As. Soc. Bengal 46(2): 182. 1875; Koord. Exkursionfl. Java 2: 528. 1912; Koord. & Val. Atlas. Baumart. Java 1: fig. 92. 1913; Merr. Contr. Arnold Arb. 8: 93. 1934, Jour. Arnold Arb. 19: 42, 1938. Zanthoxylum montanum Blume, Bijdr. 248. 1825. 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, OLD WORLD SPECIES OF TURPINIA 593 Turpinia parva Koord. & Val. Meded. Lands Plant. 61: 249 (Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 9: 249). 1903. Turpinia gracilis Nakai, Jour. Arnold Arb. 5:79. 1924. For further synonymy, consult Koorders (1912) and Merrill (1934). Cuina: Yunnan, Szemao, Henry 12039, b,c; Fo-Hai, Wang 73601, 73694, 73813, 74654, 74797, 77154; Nan-Chiao, Wang 75050, 75136, 75181; Che-li Hsien, Wang 75497, 75693, 78111, 79504, 79713. INDO- Cuina: Tonkin, Pételot 5959; Annam, Mt. Bana, Clemens 3894; Cambodia, Pierre 907. SUMATRA: on trail from Kabajakan to Tretel, W.N.& C.M. Bangham 887. Java: Hallier; Kuntze 4498. Turpinia montana (Blume) Kurz appears to be the most widely ranging species of the genus. It is a small tree with very slender and lax panicles as long as, or usually longer than, the leaves; the scarcely crowded flowers are small (half-open bud 2 mm. diameter) with ciliate petals and rounded anthers + 0.5 mm. long; the fruit is 7-8 mm. diam- eter. The venation of the chartaceous leaves is perhaps more obvious than in any other known species. Turpinia montana (Blume) Kurz var. borneensis var. nov. Foliolis usque 14 cm. longis et 5 cm. latis; fructibus usque 1.5 cm. diametro. Borneo: Sarawak, Native collector 2379; Mount Kinabalu, Penibu- kan, Clemens 31369, 31657, 40996, alt. 4000-8000 ft.; Tenompok, Clemens 28840, 29391 bis (TYPE), 29391, 30070, alt. 5000 ft. The leaflets, although larger than in Turpinia montana (Blume) Kurz, somewhat broader and more rounded-cuneate at the base, are similar in texture and venation to those of the species. In the few inflorescences at our disposal we have not found any floral differences worth noting. The fruit is larger in some cases, but the seeds are few and the pericarp is thin. When more and better prepared material is at hand this may prove to be a distinct species. Turpinia laxiflora Ridl. Jour. As. Soc. Straits Branch 82: 179. 1920, Fl. Malay Pen. 1: 512, 1922. MaLay PENINSULA: Perak, Larut, Dr. King’s collector 5640 (Chan- deriang). SuMaTRA: Asahan, Krukoff 4425; Rahmat Si Boeea 6689, 6871, 6894, 7198 ; Simaloer, Achmad 559. The distinguishing features of this species are the long lax panicles and the small (7-10 mm. diameter) dry fruits. In the specimens at hand all the dried fruits are wrinkled. This may be on account of their not 554 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXII being mature, or because of the thin pericarp (+ 0.5 mm. thick). The leaves are very much like those of Turpinia latifolia Ridl. Turpinia Versteeghii sp. nov. Arbor + 21 m. alta glabra, tantum inflorescentia minute pubescens; petiolo 6-8 cm. longo, rhachi 5-8 cm. longa; stipulis caducis; foliis 1—3-jugis; stipellis in stipellam unam intrapetiolularem recurvatim con- natis; foliolis coriaceis ovatis vel ellipticis, 9-17 cm. longis, 4.5—8.5 cm. latis, basi subrotundatis vel leviter cuneatis, apice breviter acuminatis, acumine + 1 cm. longo, margine inconspicue serrulatis interdum revo- lutis, subnitidis; venis primariis utrinsecus 8, utrinque manifestis, patulis deinde curvatim adscendentibus; reticulo subobscuro; petiolulis 1—1.5 cm. longis, terminali 2—4 cm. longo; paniculis ad maturitatem 20-30 cm. longis, ramis subadscendentibus; floribus 3-4 mm. diametro; sepalis oblongis rotundatis ciliatis; petalis obovato-oblongis ciliatis; filamentis 2.5 mm. longis, basi 0.6—-0.8 mm. latis, apice subulatis; antheris elliptico- ovatis 0.8 mm. longis minute apiculatis; disco dentato; ovario glabro; stylis glabris; ovulis in loculo 6-8; baccis obsolete trilobis 1.5 cm. diametro; pericarpio 2 mm. crasso. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 13586 (type), April 1939, alt. 300 m., frequent in primary rain-forest (tree 21 m. high, 39 cm. diameter; bark grey-brown, scaly, fissured; fruit green); 2 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Iden- burg River, Brass & Versteegh 13532, April 1939, alt. 700 m., frequent in primary rain-forest (tree 26 m. high, 50 cm. diameter; fruit green). NORTHEASTERN NEW GUINEA: Sattelberg, Clemens 3089, May 1936, alt. + 1000 m. (flowers white). The species is marked by the large and inconspicuously serrulate leaf- lets; the fruit lacks the protruding base of the styles so well marked in the other New Guinean species. Probably Clemens 3358 and 4041 from Yunzaing also belong here. Both are fragmentary specimens. Turpinia papuana sp. nov. Arbor + 20 m. alta praeter inflorescentiam puberulam glabra; petiolo 3—6 cm. longo, rhachi 2—5 cm. longa; foliis 1-2-jugis (in una collectione 1—S-foliolatis) ; stipulis caducis; stipellis in stipellam unam intrapetiolu- larem recurvatim connatis; foliolis coriaceis oblongis vel ellipticis, 7-11(—15) cm. longis, 2.7—4(—7) cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice acuminatis, acumine 1-2 cm. longo, margine seatiiiarts: venis primariis utrinsecus circiter 8 patulo-adscendentibus, reticulo inconspicuo; inflorescentiis in fructu usque 18 cm. longis, juvenilibus ad nodos multibracteatis, 1941] MERRILL & PERRY, OLD WORLD SPECIES OF TURPINIA 555 bracteis minute foliiformibus; baccis subglobosis vel subtrilobis, 1.5 cm. diametro, apice remote 3-tuberculatis; ovulis 1-2 in uno loculo; pericarpio 2—2.5 mm. crasso. NETHERLANDS New GuIneA: 18 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 11994 (typE), February 1939, alt. 2160 m., frequent tree of the primary forest, on the slope of a ridge (tree 20 m. high, 37 cm. diameter; bark grey; fruit green) ; 15 km. south- west of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Brass & Versteegh 11960, January 1939, alt. 1750 m., occasional tree in primary forest, on ridge (tree 17 m. high, 36 cm. diameter; bark grey; fruits brown) ; Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, Brass & Versteegh 11143, Novem- ber 1938, alt. + 2400 m., occasional in primary forest (tree 17 m. high; 33 cm. diameter; bark grey; fruits green-brown). NORTHEASTERN NEw GuINnEA: Ogeramnang, Clemens 6405, May 1937, alt. + 1750 m. Although we are handicapped by the lack of flowers, this material seems to be relatively uniform, differing from Turpinia Versteeghit in the smaller leaves with less rounded bases and definitely serrulate mar- gins. The fruits are 3-pointed at the apex and in each locule are only 1-2 ovules. In T. Versteeghii there are 6-8 ovules in each locule. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 556 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. Xx THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE IV. RAYS OF THE SECONDARY XYLEM I. W. BatLtey anp R. A. Howarp With four plates INTRODUCTION WE have shown in the preceding papers of this series that a segrega- tion of the Icacinoideae into three categories, upon the basis of their nodal anatomy and vessel structure, serves to differentiate their im- perforate tracheary elements and wood parenchyma into three general levels of increasing structural specialization. It is of interest in this connection to determine whether the salient trends of phylogenetic modi- fication of the rays tend to parallel those that occur in the other elements of the secondary xylem. Kribs’ (6) statistical investigations of the wood of large stems indi- cate that the primitive ray structure in dicotyledons is of the so-called heterogeneous I type. Woods with this primitive structure are charac- terized by having two types of rays, (1) vertically extensive, high-celled, uniseriate rays and (2) multiseriate rays with relatively long, high-celled, uniseriate extensions. Barghoorn’s (4) recent detailed studies of ray ontogeny in the various families of the dicotyledons demonstrate that in structurally less modified plants both the first-formed and the later- formed secondary xylem have rays of the heterogeneous I type. In young stems, the first-formed multiseriate rays extend outward from the gaps or interfascicular parts of the stele, whereas in young roots they arise opposite the strands of primary xylem rather than between them. The first-formed uniseriate rays of young stems extend outward from the fascicular parts of the stele. The original uniseriate and multiseriate rays are very extensive ver- tically, but are dissected into lower rays during subsequent stages of the lateral enlargement of the stem. During these stages of ontogeny, the multiseriate rays commonly undergo a more or less conspicuous increase in width, due either to an increase in the size or the number of 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF ICACINACEAE, IV 557 their constituent cells. New uniseriate and multiseriate rays are formed by the cambium, the multiseriate rays arising by lateral enlargement of the uniseriate ones. As Kribs’ (6) and Barghoorn’s (4 & 5) investigations have shown, there are various trends of morphological deviation from this primitive type of ray structure. The most significant of these are (1) increase in the size or the number of the multiseriate rays, (2) reduction in the height or the number of the uniseriate rays, (3) reduction in the size or the number of the multiseriate rays and (4) changes in the form and the orientation of the constituent cells of the rays. Certain of these trends of phylogenetic modification are first detectable in the later stages of the ontogeny of the stem or root. Thus, many dicotyledons tend to retain relatively primitive types of ray structures in the first-formed secondary xylem after the rays of the outer wood have become more or less extensively modified. On the contrary, the phylogenetic reduction or elimination of multiseriate rays frequently progresses in an inverse direction, viz. from the earlier toward the later stages of the ontogeny of the secondary body. Under these circumstances, the outer secondary xylem exhibits more primitive types of ray structure than does the first- formed secondary xylem. Therefore, in dealing with rays, it is essential to keep in mind that “the phylogenetic modification of rays is achieved by consecutive series of increasingly modified ontogenies,” Barg- hoorn (4). GROUP I. ICACINOIDEAE Trilacunar Icacineae: Vessels with scalariform perforations The first-formed rays of the secondary xylem of Calatola, Citronella, Dendrobangia, Emmotum, Oecopetalum, Ottoschulzia, Pennantia Cun- ninghamii Miers and Platea latifolia Bl. are of the primitive hetero- geneous I type. The vertically very extensive multiseriate rays vary somewhat in width, in number and in the shape of their constituent cells. The ontogenetic changes that these rays undergo during subsequent enlargement of the stem fluctuate considerably and give rise in the later- formed wood to different ray patterns that are characteristic of the various genera and species... Thus, in Oecopetalum guatemalense Howard, the multiseriate rays tend to retain a slender form, consider- In this S paper, aa rays are described and illustrated as seen in tangential Peer aie sections of the xylem. For illustrations a transverse sections of the w of us repre ceatniue of the Icacinoideae, the reader is referred to the si in the preceding papers of this series, Bailey and Howaed (1, 2 and 3) 598 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xx able height and relative wide spacing in the later-formed wood, Fig. 1. Similar widely spaced, high multiseriate rays are formed in Emmotum holosericeum Ducke, but they are much broader and are characterized by having a sclerotic modification of their constituent cells. The broad- ening of the multiseriate rays is much exaggerated in Ottoschulzia cubensis (Wright) Urb., Fig. 7, and the uniseriate rays are reduced in height and are composed of vertically shortened cells. In the allied genus, Poraqueiba, as in various species of Quercus and Casuarina, the huge multiseriate rays of P. sericea Tul. exhibit various stages of phylo- genetic dissection into so-called aggregate rays, Fig. 8. There is considerable widening and dissection of the multiseriate rays in the later-formed wood of Platea latifolia Bl. and Pennantia Cunning- hamii Miers, and many ot the lower multiseriate rays exhibit a fusiform outline in tangential sections, Fig. 2. Such a tendency for widening and dissection of the multiseriate rays is emphasized in various species of Citronella, Fig. 6, and is associated with a conspicuous increase in the number of multiseriate rays and a corresponding decrease in the num- ber of uniseriate ones. A similar increase in the number of multi- seriate rays at the expense of the uniseriate ones occurs in the wood of Calatola, Fig. 5, and certain species of Apodytes, but in these plants the multiseriate rays retain a more slender form. The first-formed secondary xylem of Anisomallon, Pittosporoides, Cassinopsis, most species of Apodytes, Platea excelsa Bl. and P. philip- pinensis Merr. exhibits various stages of the reduction in width, height and number of the multiseriate rays. As these rays are reduced in width, their constituent cells frequently tend to become more elongated vertically and thus to resemble the cells of the unmodified uniseriate rays. The multiseriate rays of the later-formed wood tend to be reduced in height and width, but not in number. In Anisomailon and Platea, Fig, 3, they are higher and relatively widely spaced, whereas in Apodytes, Fig. 4, they commonly are lower and are very numerous per unit area. Their cells still differ from those of their uniseriate exten- sions, and from the cells of the independent uniseriate rays, in being radially rather than vertically elongated. This trend of phylogenetic specialization in ray structure, which progresses from the earlier toward the later stages of ontogeny, culminates in other families of the dicot- yledons in the elimination of multiseriate rays from the entire sec- ondary xylem. In the Group I Icacinoideae, it progresses only as far as the elimination of multiseriate rays from the first-formed secondary xylem of certain species. Modified forms of relatively primitive hetero- geneous I type rays are retained in the later-formed wood. 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF ICACINACEAE, IV 559 GROUP II. ICACINOIDEAE Trilacunar Icacineae: Vessels of the secondary xylem with scalariform-porous perforations There are three major trends of phylogenetic specialization in the rays of the Group II Icacinoideae. The first of these occurs in Leptaulus. In this genus, as in Apodytes of the Group I Icacinoideae, there is an obvious tendency to reduce the number of multiseriate rays in the first-formed secondary xylem of the internodal parts of the stem. There is likewise a concomitant tendency to reduce the height and width of the multiseriate rays in the later-formed secondary xylem, but in Leptaulus, there is, in addition, a more pronounced tendency for re- duction in the height of the uniseriate rays. This leads to the formation of a heterogeneous II type of ray structure, in which the numerous, low, fusiform multiseriate rays have relatively short uniseriate extensions. The second trend of structural specialization occurs characteristically in Gonocaryum, Discophora, Stemonurus, Gastrolepis, Urandra and Medusanthera. In the wood of these genera, Figs. 9, 10 & 11, as in that of certain species of Citronella, Fig. 6, there is a conspicuous ten- dency for enlargement of the multiseriate rays, but the concomitant reduction in the number of the uniseriate rays is carried much farther than in the Group I Icacinoideae. There is, however, a considerable range of variability in the various species of these genera which illus- trates different stages of this salient trend of structural specialization. The first-formed secondary xylem of Gonocaryum usually has rays of the heterogeneous I type, but the number of uniseriate rays varies considerably in different species and in different parts of the same plant. Similar types of ray structure occur in the first-formed secondary xylem of Gastrolepis austro-caledonica (Baill.) Van Tiegh., Lasianthera africana Beauv., various species of Stemonurus and Discophora, and certain less modified representatives of Urandra, e.g. U. Ammui Kanehira and U. celebica (Val.) Howard. In other species of Urandra and Stemonurus, as in Medusanthera, the uniseriate rays are much reduced in number, even in the first-formed part of the secondary body. The enlargement of the multiseriate rays in the later-formed parts of the secondary xylem is not perfectly synchronized with reduction in the height and the number of the uniseriate rays. Thus, in Gonocaryum, Fig. 9, and Stemonurus, Fig. 10, the multiseriate rays frequently are as large and numerous as in comparable material of Urandra, Fig. 11, and Medusanthera, but the uniseriate rays are less reduced in height and 560 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. XXII in number. In general, the phylogenetic reduction of the uniseriate rays tends to progress from the later-formed toward the first-formed sec- ondary xylem. Therefore, species having a more normal heterogeneous I type of ray structure in the first-formed part of the secondary xylem tend to retain a higher ratio of uniseriate rays in the subsequently formed wood. A third trend of specialization in the ray structure of the Group I Icacinoideae occurs in Cantleya corniculata (Becc.) Howard, Grisollea Thomassetii Hemsl. and Stemonurus Merrittii Merr. There are more or less numerous, narrow multiseriate, as well as uniseriate, rays in the first-formed secondary xylem of these plants. During subsequent en- largement of the stem, these rays are dissected into lower ones and most of the uniseriate rays widen to form multiseriate ones. Thus, the later- formed secondary xylem is characterized by having numerous, relatively small multiseriate rays and very few uniseriate ones, Fig. 12. In Grisollea Thomassetii and Stemonurus Merrittii, the cells of the remain- ing uniseriate rays and of the much abbreviated uniseriate extensions of the multiseriate ones are reduced in height. Therefore, in the outer wood of these species, the rays are very nearly of the so-called homo- geneous type. GROUP HII. ICACINOIDEAE Unilacunar Icacineae: Vessels of the secondary xylem with porous perforations The later-formed secondary xylem of Mappia, Nothapodytes and Merrilliodendron, Fig. 13, resembles that of various species of Calatola, Fig. 5, and Apodytes, Fig. 4, in having very numerous, closely spaced, narrow multiseriate rays, as well as many high-celled uniseriate ones. Furthermore, in these genera as in Apodytes, there is a conspicuous tendency for reduction in the width of the multiseriate rays in the secondary xylem. On the contrary, the wood of Desmostachys Vogelit Stapf, Fig. 15, resembles that of Oecopetalum, Fig. 1, in having widely spaced, relatively high multiseriate rays, but it differs from the wood of this genus in its much modified uniseriate rays which are composed of a few unusually high cells. In the wood of Alsodeiopsis, Fig. 14, as of Poraqueiba, Fig. 8, there is a conspicuous phylogenetic tendency for the dissection of large multiseriate rays into so-called aggregate rays. In A. Staudtii Engl., Fig. 14, this trend of specialization has progressed to a stage comparable to that in various species of the betulaceous genera, Alnus, Corylus and Carpinus. The subscandent and scandent representatives of the unilacunar 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF ICACINACEAE, IV 561 Icacineae exhibit various stages in the modification of relatively large, widely spaced multiseriate rays. Certain of these trends of phylogenetic specialization progress from the first-formed, toward the subsequently formed, secondary xylem and, therefore, may be studied in stems of herbarium specimens.? In such material of Rhaphiostylis, the rays are of the heterogeneous I types, and the multiseriate rays extend outward from the interfascicular parts of the stele. A somewhat similar type of ray structure occurs in young stems of Rhyticaryum elegans Schellenb. and R. onocarpum Sch. & Lautb., but the multiseriate rays tend to be composed of vertically much elongated cells. On the contrary, there is a more or less conspicuous retardation in the formation of multiseriate rays in Leretia and Lavigeria. ‘The first-formed secondary xylem, par- ticularly of the internodal parts of the stem, is characterized by having numerous high-celled uniseriate and biseriate rays. The multiseriate rays arise abruptly at varying distances from the primary body, fre- quently from aggregations of narrow rays. This abrupt transition from small-rayed to wide-rayed wood appears to occur at the beginning of a new growth layer. In Lavigeria, it coincides with the transition zone between the normal and the large-vesselled anomalous secondary xylem, and the multiseriate rays are composed of very thin-walled, much modi- fied cells. The wood of Pleurisanthes is characterized by an evident phylogenetic tendency for the replacement of multiseriate rays by aggregate rays. The first-formed secondary xylem of Jcacina and Humurianthera has numerous high-celled uniseriate, or uniseriate and biseriate rays, but no large stems are available for determining whether multiseriate or aggregate rays are formed during the later-stages of the enlargement of the stem. Iodeae, Sarcostigmateae, and Phytocreneae In most species of these highly specialized tribes of climbing plants, there is a more or less conspicuous tendency for the elimination of multiseriate rays from the first-formed secondary xylem. The least modified types of ray structure occur in the young stems of certain representatives of the Iodeae, e.g. Hosiea sinense (Oliv.) Hemsl. and Wils. and Mappianthus iodoides Hand.-Mazz. There are a few widely separated multiseriate rays in the former species which extend outward from gaps in the primary body. The latter species resembles Leretia in having multiseriate rays which commonly arise abruptly at some “Larger stems of several of these genera are not available at present in existing collections 562 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL, XXII distance from the stele. The first-formed and more nearly normal sec- ondary xylem of most species of Jodes and Polyporandra is character- ized by having multiseriate rays with or without varying numbers of biseriate or aggregate rays. This type of ray structure predominates throughout relatively thick stems of the Sarcostigmateae, Fig. 16, but not of the Iodeae, where much modified multiseriate rays with very thin- walled cells are retained in the later-formed anomalous wood. In the Phytocreneae, multiseriate rays usually are eliminated from young stems except for pairs of wide rays which flank the inwardly projecting strands of phloem. INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN THE SALIENT TRENDS OF MORPHOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION IN VESSELS, TRACHEIDS, WOOD PARENCHYMA AND RAYS We have demonstrated in the preceding papers of this series that the Group I Icacinoideae are characterized by having primitive types of vessels, tracheids and wood parenchyma. They obviously have, in addition, a high ratio of relatively primitive heterogeneous I type rays. On the contrary, the Group III Icacinoideae, which have highly special- ized vessels, imperforate tracheary elements and wood parenchyma, exhibit a high ratio of much modified types of ray structures. The Group II Icacinoideae, which show various transitional stages of the modification of the vessels, tracheids and wood parenchyma, likewise illustrate various trends of structural deviation from the primitive heterogeneous I type of rays. It should be emphasized again in this connection, however, that although the salient lines of phylogenetic specialization in vessels, tracheids, wood parenchyma and rays tend in general to be correlated, the rates of these evolutionary modifications are not perfectly syn- chronized in all cases. Thus, in any particular species or genus; the changes in the rays may have been retarded or accelerated in relation to the specializations of the vessels, tracheids or wood parenchyma. Group I Icacinoideae In the case of the Group I Icacinoideae, the most primitive combina- tion of structural characters occurs in Oecopetalum. ‘The vessel mem- bers of Platea are structurally somewhat more primitive than those of Oecopetalum, but there is an obvious incipient tendency in Platea for the vessels to aggregate in radial clusters and for reduction in the number of multiseriate rays in the first-formed secondary xylem, par- 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF ICACINACEAE, IV 563 ticularly of the internodal parts of the stem. The most modified vessel members of the Group I Icacinoideae occur in Emmotum, Ottoschulzia and Poraquetba, and in these genera the tracheids, wood parenchyma and rays likewise exhibit varying degrees of morphological specialization. In Emmotum holosericeum Ducke, the parenchyma is transitional to scanty abaxial paratracheal, and there is a conspicuous enlargement and sclerotic modification of the multiseriate rays in the later-formed wood. In Ottoschulzia cubensis (Wright) Urb., the parenchyma is transitional to narrow-banded apotracheal, the bordered pits of the tracheids are reduced in size and the multiseriate rays are greatly en- larged. In Poraqueiba sericea Tul., the huge multiseriate rays exhibit various stages of dissection into so-called aggregate rays, but the tracheids have remained more or less unmodified. All of the remaining representatives of the Group I Icacinoideae, with the exception of certain species of Citronella, have retained a primitive type of parenchyma distribution, and all of them, with the exception of Pennantia, have relatively unmodified types of tracheids. In Pennantia, the bordered pits of the tracheids, as of the vessels, are considerably reduced in size, but the wood parenchyma and rays are of essentially primitive types. Certain species of Citronella resemble Emmotum in having parenchyma that is transitional to scanty abaxial partracheal. In these species, there are concomitant tendencies for specialization of the vessels and for increasing the size and number of the multiseriate rays at the expense of the uniseriate ones. Although there is a high degree of morphological stability in the tracheids and wood parenchyma of Anisomallon, A podytes, Cassinopsis, Dendrobangia and Pittos poropsis, there are obvious trends of specialization in the rays of these genera that are more or less closely synchronized with minor specializations of the vessels. For example, the reduction in the height of the multiseriate rays in the later-formed wood, and in their number in the first-formed secondary xylem, have progressed farther in various species of A podytes than in Anisomallon. The vessel members of the latter genus are in general somewhat less modified than those of A podytes. Group II Icacinoideae There are at least two, and possibly three, entirely independent lines of coordinated specializations in the Group II Icacinoideae. In the genus Leptaulus, the simple porous perforations of the vessels arise primarily by reduction in the number, and a concomitant increase in the size, of the scalariform perforations. The parenchyma is transitional to very scanty diffuse and abaxial paratracheal, the bordered pits of the slender, 564 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII thick-walled tracheids are reduced in size, and the numerous uniseriate and narrow multiseriate rays are much reduced in height. On the con- trary, in the remaining representatives of the Group II Icacinoideae, the simple porous perforations of the vessels arise by the elimination of more or less numerous bars between the scalariform perforations or, to express the matter ontogenetically, by the cells not forming such secondary wall thickening during tissue differentiation. More or less closely correlated with increasing specialization of the vessels in these plants are con- spicuous tendencies for reduction in the number of uniseriate rays, for increase in thickness of the walls of the imperforate tracheary elements, for reduction in the size of their bordered pits, and for modifications in the distribution of wood parenchyma. The least modified combinations of structural characters occur in species of Gonocaryum and Stemonurus which have small isolated vessels and relatively high ratios of scalariform and transitional types of perforations. The tracheids have relatively large bordered pits, the parenchyma is either diffuse or transitional to narrow-banded apo- tracheal, and there is less reduction of the uniseriate rays, particularly in the first-formed parts of the secondary xylem. There is, however, a more or less conspicuous tendency for increase in the size of the multi- seriate rays in the later-formed wood of various species of these genera. This tendency for enlargement of the multiseriate rays is accentuated in Medusanthera and the uniseriate rays are much reduced in number even in the first-formed secondary xylem. ‘The vessels tend to occur in clusters and have a very low ratio of vestigial scalariform perforations. The imperforate tracheary elements have excessively thickened walls and their bordered pits are much reduced in size. The wood parenchyma is transitional to irregularly banded types in which the vessels are partly or completely embedded. Discophora, Gastrolepis, Urandra and Cantleya are characterized by a tendency for enlargement of the pits in the lateral walls of the vessels, but the structural features associated with this aberrant trend of speciali- zation fluctuate considerably in the different genera. Thus, in Disco- phora the parenchyma is abundant and transitional between diffuse and narrow banded apotracheal, whereas in the other genera it is scanty paratracheal and vestigial diffuse. The large, very thick-walled, im- perforate tracheary elements of Cantleya corniculata (Becc.) Howard have large bordered pits, whereas those of Discophora, Gastrolepis and particularly of Urandra are reduced in size. The vessels of Cantleya are isolated in distribution, whereas those of Discophora, Gastrolepis and Urandra are more or less extensively aggregated into clusters. There is 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF ICACINACEAE, IV 565 a conspicuous tendency for reduction of the uniseriate rays in all of these genera, but the multiseriate rays in the wood of Cantleya differ from those of Discophora, Gastrolepis and Urandra, as well as of Gono- caryum, Stemonurus and Medusanthera, in being relatively low and very narrow. Similar small, but more numerous and nearly homo- geneous, multiseriate rays occur in herbarium material of Grisollea and in the wood of Stemonurus Merrittii Merr. However, in the latter plant, the numerous, small vessels tend to occur in radial clusters, the paren- chyma is scanty diffuse and abaxial paratracheal, and the slender thick- walled tracheids have small but conspicuous bordered pits. The pits in the lateral walls of vessels of this plant, as of Grisollea, are of small size. Group III Icacinoideae The structural specializations of the stems of most of the Group III Icacinoideae are obviously complicated by the acquisition of a scrambling or climbing habit of growth. Therefore, it is essential to differentiate trends of phylogenetic modification that occur in trees and shrubs of normal habit of growth from those that are characteristic of subscandent and scandent plants. It should be noted, in addition, that the most reliable means of differentiating the Group III from the Group II Icaci- noideae is by their unilacunar nodes. Although the vessels of the non- scandent unilacular Icacineae have prevailingly porous perforations and in general are composed of shorter vessel members, they are only slightly more advanced morphologically than the vessels of such highly modified representatives of the Group II Icacinoideae as Medusanthera, where the ratio of vestigial scalariform perforations is very low. The vessels of Mappia, Nothapodytes and Alsodeiopsis tend to occur in radial grouping. The wood parenchyma is abundant and transitional to irregular-banded apotracheal and scanty paratracheal. The slender thick-walled imperforate tracheary elements are of reduced length and are provided either with very small bordered pits, Alsodeiopsis, or with simple pits, Mappia and Nothapodytes. In the latter genera, there are numerous uniseriate and multiseriate rays, but the multiseriate rays are reduced in size throughout both the first-formed and later-formed sec- ondary xylem. In Alsodeiopsis, there is a conspicuous tendency for the dissection of large multiseriate rays into so-called aggregate rays, and for their elimination from the first-formed secondary xylem. The vessels of Merrilliodendron are very large and widely spaced. The wood parenchyma is very abundant and is transitional to loosely banded apotracheal and vasicentric. The numerous uniseriate and small multi- seriate rays are closely spaced. The cells of both the rays and the wood 565 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII parenchyma are large, resembling those that occur in Discophora and Medusanthera. ‘The thick-walled imperforate tracheary elements have conspicuously bordered pits. The vessels in the wood of Desmostachys Vogelii Stapf, as in the first- formed secondary xylem of various subscandent and scandent repre- sentatives of the unilacunar Icacineae, are reduced in number and exhibit a tendency to occur at least periodically in more or less loosely organized tangential or concentric grouping. The parenchyma fluctuates in abundance and distribution, being transitional between banded apo- tracheal and paratracheal. The thick-walled imperforate tracheary ele- ments have small conspicuously bordered pits. The widely spaced multi- seriate rays resemble those of Oecopetalum, but the uniseriate rays of the later-formed secondary xylem are composed of only a few, verti- cally much extended cells. The scrambling or climbing representatives of Humirianthera, Icacina, Lavigeria, Leretia, Pleurisanthes, Rhaphiostylis and Rhyticaryum, as of the Iodeae, Sarcostigmateae and Phytocreneae, exhibit various peculiar and aberrant trends of structural specialization that are corre- lated with the acquisition of a climbing habit of growth. The most significant of these are tendencies for lateral enlargement and shortening of the vessel members, for the development of curious short tracheids having relatively thin walls and numerous much enlarged bordered pits, for the reduction of banded apotracheal parenchyma to paratracheal types, for the reduction of widely spaced multiseriate rays in the first- formed secondary xylem either to narrow rays or to aggregates of narrow rays, and for either the elimination of multiseriate rays from the later- formed wood, Sarcostigma, or their modification into sheets of much modified cells, Iodeae, Phytocreneae and Lavigeria. It should be emphasized, in conclusion, that there is a very wide range of structural variability in different parts of these climbing plants. The material available at present is too fragmentary to serve as a basis for more than a preliminary investigation of their major trends of struc- tural specialization. Extensive collections, particularly of older and larger stems, are essential for making reliable detailed comparisons between the various genera. SUMMARY There is a high ratio of relatively primitive heterogeneous rays in the Group I Icacinoideae. On the contrary, the Group III Icacinoideae have a high ratio of more or less specialized types of ray structures. 1941] BAILEY & HOWARD, MORPHOLOGY OF ICACINACEAE, IV 567 The Group II Icacinoideae are transitional and exhibit various trends of morphological deviation from the primitive heterogeneous I type of ray structure. The interrelations between the salient trends of morphological speciali- zations in the vessels, tracheids, wood parenchyma and rays of the Icacinoideae are discussed in some detail. Although these trends of specialization tend in general to be more or less closely correlated, the rates of the evolutionary modifications in one category of these tissue cells not infrequently are retarded or accelerated in relation to the changes that are occurring in the other tissue cells. LITERATURE CITED 1. Barvey, I. W. and Howarp, R. A. The c comparative morphology of the Icacinaceae I. Anatomy of the node and internode. Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: 125-132. 1941. 2. ————- ———. The ogy aaa morphology of the Icacinaceae II. Vessels. Jour. Arnolé Arb. 22: 171-184. 1941. 3. —————- ————. The com parative morphology of the aa ITT. Imperforate tracheary elements and wood parenchyma. Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: 432-442. 1941. 4. Barcuoorn, Etso S., Jr. The ontogenetic development and phylo- genetic specialization = rays in the xy ae ee dicotyledons. I. The primitive ray structu Amer. Jour. Bot : 918-928. 1940. 5. ————. The ee development ee peers specializa- tion of rays & the xylem of coi es, II. Modification of multiseriate and uniseriate rays. Amer. Jour. Bot. 28: 273-281. eu 6. Kriss, D. A. Salient lines of structural specialization in the wood rays of “igeu aga Bot. Gaz. 96: 547-557. 1935. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES PLATE I Fic. 1. Ocecopetalum Preside it Howard, Skutch 2080. Tangential longitudinal section of the wood, showi ing typical, heterogeneous I ae of ray ee wa 50. Fic. 2. Platea del dee Bl., Y. “U. 30522. ma aie longitudinal section ood, sho owing heterogeneous I type of ray structure. > 50. Fic. 3. Bais species, Y. U. 20201. Tan eae longitudinal section of the wood, showing modified heterogeneous I type of ray structure. x 50. . Apodytes dimidiata E, Mey., Y. U. 14833. Tangential longi- tudinal section of the wood, showing much modified heterogeneous I type of ray structure. 50. _ Lal 9 -_ Fic. Fic. Fic. n N i.) —_— — JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. Xx PiaTeE II tola costaricensis Standl., Y. U. 20921. Tangential longi- tudinal section of the wood, showing very numerous high multi- i 50. _ Citronella mucronata (Ruiz and Pavon) D. Don, Y. U. 34058. Tangential longitudinal section of the wood, showing enlarged multiseriate rays. 50. _ Ottoschulzia cubensis (Wright) Urb., Y. U. 9230. Tangential longitudinal section of the wood, showing greatly enlarged multi- seriate ray. > 50 Po raquetba sericea Tul., Y. U. 19244. Tangential longitudinal section of the wood, showing aggregate ray. X 50. PuaTE III Gonocaryum calleryanum Becc., H. U. 8213. Tangential longi- tudinal section of the wood, showing numerous large multiseriate rays and reduced uniseriate rays. X 50. Stemonurus lugoniensis (Merr.) Howard, Y. U. 2310. Tangen- tial longitudinal section of the wood, showing enlarged multi- 50. seriate rays. Urandra scorpiotdes (Bece.) O. Ktze., Y. U. 16043. Tangential — section of the wood, showing much reduced uniseriate rays. xX 50. Cantleya corniculata (Becc.) Howard, Y. U. 12586. Tangential longitudinal section of the wood, iid small multiseriate and much reduced uniseriate rays. PLATE IV . Merrilliodendron rotense Kanehira, Y. U. 23233. Tangential longitudinal section of the wood, showing numerous small multi seriate rays. x 50. . Alsodetopsis Staudtit Engl., ¥. U. 24019. Tangential longitudinal x 50. section of the wood, showing aggregate rays. . Desmostachys. Vogelii Stapf, Y. U. 19758. Tangential longi- tudinal section of the wood, showing oT spaced multiseriate, ie: very high-celled uniseriate, rays. 50. Sarcostigma Horsfieldii R. Br., H. U. en Tangential longi- tudinal section of the wood, showing mostly uniseriate rays. X50. BIoLoGIcAL LABORATORIES, HaArVARD UNIVERSITY. PLATE I Jour. Arnotp Ars. VoL. XXII oe, =. Sere ns GES Cae _ eae z > x a -* = ——— Ste aT Pete Se ieoeg: Se em ~ op RES a eo =Sea as eee @,2°3"%e: se "an" Os oe S.5 ae = >, Ort COMPARATIVE MorPHoLocy OF THE ICACINACEAE MERIDEN FULL-TONE Pate III Jour. Arnotp Ars. VoL. XXII - io cay = Sperrsresstes = ee = Ee : —— Secress: ses: agree en Ome = pi eS . ) = SAS eT “nee ac = SS I= es meni easeres ices en : eens pat pe: ste Ssaete FULL-TONE MERIDEN COMPARATIVE MorRPHOLOGY OF THE ICACINACEAE PLaTEe IV XXII Jour. ARNOLD ARB. VOL. os = ae ><> i> i s a ————— SSS THE ICACINACEAE 1941] REHDER, NEW SPECIES, VARIETIES AND COMBINATIONS 569 NEW SPECIES, VARIETIES AND COMBINATIONS FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM ALFRED REHDER Cephalotaxus Harringtonia (Forbes) K. Koch, Dendrol. 2,2: 102 (1873), sensu stricto. — Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. FI. 1: 181 (1897), sensu stricto.— Schneider in Silva Tarouca, ‘Uns. Freil.-Nadelh. 162, fig. 159 (1913), sensu stricto. — Koidzumi in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 44: 97 (1930). Taxus Harringtonia Knight ex Forbes, Pinet. Woburn. 217, t. 66 (1839). Taxus Inukaja Knight ex Loudon, Bueyvel Trees, 943 (1842 Cephalotaxus pedunculata Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Wiss. sas 4,3: 234 (Fl. Jap. Fam. Nat. 2: 108) (1846).— Henry in s & Henry, Trees Gt. Brit. Irel. 6: 1471 Songs mes che tin var. B. Lopes (Sieb. & Zucc.) Miquel in t. Lugd.-Bat. 3: 169 (Prol. Fl. Jap. 333) (1867).— Wilson, Conif. Pasads Jap. 8 (1916). Taxus Sinensis Knight ex Gordon, Pinet. Suppl. 21 (1862) pro syn. C. pedunculatae. Cephalotaxus drupacea var. Harringtonia (Forbes) Pilger in Engler, flanzenr. (Heft 18) IV.5: 102 (1903). As most authors have adopted the name C. drupacea as the name for this species, the full synonymy is given above. Some authors of those who have kept C. drupacea as a distinct species, have used C. Harring- tonia for C. pedunculata, as Koch (1873), Ascherson & Graebner (1897), Schneider (1913), Rehder (1914); while almost all authors who united the two species, have done so under C. drupacea, as Miquel (1867), Pilger (1903), Wilson (1916), Rehder (1927), except Koidzumi (1930), who accepted C. Harringtonia for this concept. Henry (l.c.) is of the opinion that C. pedunculata is probably a hybrid between C. drupacea and C. Fortuni Hook. If this should be the case, the binary name of the hybrid would be C. Harringtonia and C. drupacea should be restored to specific rank. The remarks by Rothert (in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 17: 279, foot-note) on the leaf anatomy of C. Fortuni do not seem to bear out the possibility of hybridity. Though it is to be regretted that the nomenclatural type of this species is a plant of doubtful origin, and apparently known only in cultivation, the fact that “Harringtonia’” is the oldest specific epithet leaves no choice but to accept it under Cephalotaxus as the correct binomial. The fol- 570 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XX lowing two binomial combinations under C. Harringtonia have already been made: Cephalotaxus Harringtonia f. sphaeralis (Mast.) Rehder in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 1915(24): 213 (1916). Cephalotaxus pedunculata var. sphaeralis Masters in Gard. Chron. n. ser. 21; 113, fig. 23 (1884). Cephalotaxus Harringtonia var. drupacea (Sieb. & Zucc.) Koidzumi in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 44: 98 (1930). Cephalotaxus drupacea Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Wiss. Munch. 3: 232 (FI. Jap. Fam. Nat. 2: 108 (1846). — Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 239 (1847).— Wilson, Conif. Taxads Jap. 6 (1916), which see for additional literature and synonyms. In addition to these two combinations, the following new combina- tions are proposed here: Cephalotaxus Harringtonia f. fastigiata (Carr.), grad. nov.’ Podocarpus coraianus Siebold in Jaarb. Nederl. Maatsch. Anmoed. Tuinb. 1844: 34 (1844), nom. Podocarpus koraiana Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 217 (1847).— Carriere, Traité Conif. 464 (1855) ; in Rev. Hort. 1863: 349, fig. (1863). Cephalotaxus koraiana Hort. ex Gordon, Pinet. 275 (1858), pro synon. — Rothert in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 17: 277 (1899). Cephalotaxus pedunculata fastigiata Carriére, Prod. Fix. Var. Végeét. 44, fig. 1 (1865); Traité Conif. ed. 2, 717 (1867). Cephalotaxus ? Buergeri Miquel in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3: 169 (Prol. Fl. Jap. 333) (1867). Cephalotaxus Harringtonia |, koraiana K. Koch ex Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 1: 181 (1897). Cephalotaxus drupacea f. fastigiata (Carr.) Pilger in Engler, Pflan- zenr. (Heft 18) IV. 5: 103 (1903).— Wilson, Conif. Taxads Jap. 8 (1916).—Hornibrook in Chittenden, Cult. Conif. Rep. Conif. Confer. 80 (1932) ‘var. pedunculata {.f.”’ Cephalotaxus Harringtonia var. fastigiata Schneider in Silva Tarouca, Uns. Freil.-Nadelh. 162, fig. 161 (1913). Cephalotaxus Harringtonia var. coraiana Koidzumi in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 44:98 (1930). ” would be incorrect. The term “translatio nova” proposed in 1920 by L. H. Bailey (Gent. Herb. 1:8) refers to transfers of epithets without change of rank, while his “status novus” refers to change of rank, such as varieties or forms to a species or a subdivision of a genus to a genus, or vice versa. Both these terms were proposed by Bailey to replace by more definite terms the rather comprehensive 1941] REHDER, NEW SPECIES, VARIETIES AND COMBINATIONS 571 Cephalotaxus Harringtonia var. nana (Nakai), comb. nov. Cephalotaxus nana Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 33: 193 (1919). a ae aire drupacea var. nana (Nakai) Rehder in Jour. Arnold Arb. : 107 (1923), Cephalotaxus Harringtonia var. koreana (Nakai), comb. nov. Cephalotaxus koreana Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 44: 510 (1930). This plant differs from C. Harringtonia var. drupacea chiefly in its habit, being a low cespitose shrub, only about 1—-1.5 m. high. In its cespitose habit it differs also from the Japanese C. Harringtonia var. nana, which spreads by creeping rhizomes sending up shoots to 2 m. tall. The var. koreana is restricted to Korea according to Nakai who enumerates many specimens from different localities. I have seen only a specimen collected in 1917 by Wilson (No. 9605) at the base of Chirisan, province S. Keisho, which seems to differ from the Japanese varieties in the somewhat narrower and slender leaves inclined to be more falcate; unfortunately, Wilson says nothing of the habit. Cephalotaxus Harringtonia var. sinensis (Rehd. & Wils.), comb. nov. Cephalotaxus drupacea var. sinensis Rehder & Wilson in Sargent, PI. Wilson. 2: 3 (1914).— Pilger in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 1916 (25): 22 (1917). Carya illinoénsis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, Dendr. 1: 593 (1869).— Robinson & Fernald, Gray’s New Man. Bot. ed. 7, 331 (1908). Juglans pecan Marshall, Arbust. Am. 69 (1785), nom. subnud. be ee ulinoinensis Wangenheim, Beitr. Teutsch. Holzger. Forstwiss. m. Holz. 54, t. 18 (1787), descr. fructus mala. hae peer Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 361 (1789). Juglans alba ¢. pacana Castiglioni, Viaggio an Un. 2: 262 (1790). Juglans cylindrica Lamarck, Encycl. Méth, 4: 505 (1798). Juglans olivaeformis Hort. Paris ex ee lic. (1798), pro syn. — Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 192 (180 Carya oliz vaeformis Nuttall, Gen. N. Am Pl. 2: 221 (1818).—C. De Candolle in D.C., Prodr. 16,2: 144 64). Carya MatEer Sweet, Hort. Brit. - (1827).— Nuttall, N. Am. Sylva, 1: 41 (1842). Carya ra Liebmann in Vidensk. Medd. Nat. For. Kjdbenh. 1850: 86 (1850). Hicorta Pecan (Marsh.) Britton in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 15: 282 (1888 ).— Sargent, Silva N. Am. 7: 137, t. 338 (1895). Hicorius pecan Sargent in Gard. & For. 2: 460 (1889). Carya Pecan Engler & Graebner in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, 3, App. 9:19 (1902).— Sargent, Man. Trees N. Am. ed. 2, 177, fig. 169 1922).— Non Nuttall (1842). Since Britton proposed the combination Hicoria Pecan, basing it on 572 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. Xx Juglans pecan of Marshall, the epithet has been generally accepted also under Carya except by Robinson & Fernald (1.c.) and a few others as correct, although Marshall’s name is practically a nomen nudum, or at best a nomen subnudum. The only clue to the identity of the plant is the name Pecan, but without reference to any previous description or men- tion of it, the habitat given and the statement that the nuts are thin- shelled and that the young plants resemble “our young Pig-nut Hickerys,” that is C. cordiformis (Juglans alba minima Marsh.), not C. porcina. However, even if we accept Juglans pecan of Marshall as a valid name, the epithet transferred to Carya has no standing, since there is the older homonym of Nuttall (N. Am. Sylva, 1: 41) of 1842 based on Juglans Pecan ? of Walter (Fl. Carol. 236, 1788) which is not J. pecan Marsh. and apparently identical with Carya glabra var. megacarpa (Sarg.) Sarg., though in the absence of a description of the fruit, definite identi- fication is hardly possible. The next oldest available name for this species is Juglans illinoinensis Wangenh. (l.c.) of 1787. He gives a description of the leaves with a figure of a leaf apparently based on plants growing in the nursery of William Prince on Long Island, who received seeds of this species in 1762 from Illinois. Unfortunately, the fruit as illustrated does not belong here, though its description at least partly, except as to the shape which is described as reniform, applies fairly well to the nut of the Pecan. When K. Koch (l.c.) in 1869 transferred Wangenheim’s specific epi- thet to Carya, he changed the spelling to ilinoénsis which is a more correct spelling for an adjective derived from “Illinois” than ilinoinen- sts possibly due to a typographical error or to a slip of the pen; it seems therefore advisable to accept Koch’s correction as is also done by Robin- son & Fernald, and call this species Carya illinoénsis (Wangenh.) K. Koch. Why a name published in such a standard work as the seventh edition of Gray’s Manual was neglected is probably due chiefly to the fact that in that publication no extended synonymy could be cited and no reason given for the rejection of the name C. Pecan. It secms therefore, advisable to give above the full synonymy with explanatory remarks. Quercus floribunda Wallich, Num. List no. 2773 (1830), nom. nov. Quercus dilatata Lindley ex Wallich, Num. List no. 2785 (1830), nom. nud. — Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. 346, t. 84) fig. 2 (1839), nom.; “Q deaibata” sub tab. —A. de Candolle in DC., Prodr. 16,2: 41 (1864). — Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 602 (1888). — Non Rafinesque (1838). Quercus floribunda Wallich, Num. List, no. 2773 (1830), nom. nud. 1941] REHDER, NEW SPECIES, VARIETIES AND COMBINATIONS 573 The name Q. dilatata Lindl. was not validly published until 1864 by A. de Candolle (1.c.). In 1839 it was mentioned by Royle (l.c.) and a colored figure of a fruiting branch published, but without description. According to Royle, De Candolle (1.c.) and Hooker f. (l.c.), the figure bears the name “‘Q. dealbata” but in the copy in the Arboretum Library, the name on the plate is “Q. dilatata’’; one can see, however, that the plate is apparently of a later issue in which the legend of the plate had been changed. Since the name Q. dilatata was not validly published until 1864 it is a later homonym of Q. dilatata Rafinesque, Alsogr. Am. 24 (1838) which must be considered validly published though the description is rather incomplete, being based only on vegetative characters. Rafinesque’s species seems to fit best Q. marilandica Muenchh. to which it has been referred as a synonym by Trelease, Am. Oaks, 199 (in Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 199) (1924); he also refers to it doubtfully under Q. stellata (p. 104). The name is not mentioned by Sargent in his Silva. For Q. dilatata Lindl. ex De Candolle which must be rejected as a later homonym, the name Q. floribunda Wall. may be taken up, repre- sented by his No. 2773 which entered into the original description of Q. dilatata as given by A. de Candolle. The epithet “floribunda” does not seem to have been used either in Quercus, Pasania, Lithocarpus or Synaedrys and its adoption therefore cannot be expected to cause any confusion. To designate as nomen novum an old nomen nudum taken up in place of a name rejected because not conforming to the rules, may not seem literally correct, but having never before been used as a valid name of a species, it must be considered new from a nomenclatural point of view. Quercus petraea Liebl. f. insecata (Rehd.), comb. nov. Quercus ee y- laciniata Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 130 (1893). — H. Spath in Gartenfl. 61: 497, fig. 54 (1912) ; in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. EEN 138, fig. 18 (1914).— Non Lamarck & De Candolle Quercus sessilis (var. decipiens) f{. laciniata (Koehne) Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubh. 1: 197, fig. 102f (1904).— Camus, Chénes, 2: 230 (1939), pro var., non var. laciniata (Lam. ) Camus, p. 212. Quercus ce ions f. insecata Rehder in Jour. Arnold ATO, P40 (1919) ; Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, 177 (1927 Quercus petraea f. laciniata sensu Rehder, Man. Cult. Trees Shrubs, ed. 2, 167 (1940), quoad descr. et syn.; non (Lam.) Schwarz (1937). In 1919 I proposed for the oak described as Quercus sessiliflora y. laciniata Koehne the name (Q. sessiliflora {. insecata because of the older homonym (Q. sessiliflora B. laciniata (Lam.) Lamarck & De Candolle 574 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII of 1805 which represents a spontaneous form differing from the type chiefly in its broader more deeply lobed leaves, as figured by Schwarz, Monog. Eich. Eur. Mittelmeergeb. 2(Atlas): t. 10, fig. 3, 4, 7 (1936); also Loudon, Arb. Brit. 3: fig. 1577 apparently belongs here. The form represented by Q. sessiliflora y. laciniata Koehne is known only as a cultivated plant; its leaves are elongated and rather narrow with irregu- lar narrow lobes diverging mostly at an angle of less than 45°, other- wise they are very variable; its lobes may be few and remote or more numerous and obtuse to acute or even acuminate. Leaves of this form are figured by Schneider (l.c., fig. 102f) and by Spath (l.c.), in the latter figures reversions to the more typical shape are shown which occur rather frequently in this form. Schwarz does not mention Q. sessiliflora var. laciniata Koehne at all, nor f. insecata; his Q. petraea f. laciniata is based solely on Q. Robur B. laciniata Lamarck (1785). Camus (l.c.) has both forms as valid varieties: Q. sessilis var. laciniata (Lam.) Camus on p. 212 and Q. sessilis var. laciniata (Koehne) Schneider on p. 230, without figures. There can be no doubt that the two forms described as Q. sessiliflora var. laciniata are quite different and should not be confused. The form based on Q. Robur var. laciniata Lam. retains its varietal epithet under Q. petraea as f. laciniata (Lam.) Schwarz, while Q. sessiliflora var. laciniata Koehne becomes Q. petraea f. insecata (Rehd.) Rehd. Aristolochia chrysops (Stapf) Wilson in herb., comb. nov. Isotrema chrysops Stapf in Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8957 (1923). This Chinese specimen of eastern Szechuan and western Hupeh is closely related to A. heterophylla Hemsl., and the specimens collected by Wilson (nos. 367 and 4564) are recorded in Plantae Wilsonianae (3: 324) under A. heterophylla. The plant in cultivation was raised in 1908 from seed of Wilson no. 367. Another new species referred by Stapf to Jsotrema is I. lasiops Stapf in Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8957, p. [3] in nota (1923) based on Henry no. 4665 and Wilson no. 925, both referred to A. heterophylla, Henry no. 4665 by Hemsley (in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 361, 1891) and Wilson no. 925 by Rehder & Wilson in Plantae Wilsonianae (l.c.). Aristolochia chrysops differs from A. heterophylla chiefly in the leaves being mostly distinctly hastate at base and in the golden-yellow color of the mouth and of the margin of the dull purple lobes of the perianth. The generic name Jsotrema Rafinesque in Jour. de Phys. Paris, 89: 102. (1819); in Am. Monthl. Mag. 4: 195 (1819) based on A. Sipho is synonymous with Hocquartia Dumortier (1822), but has three years’ 1941] REHDER, NEW SPECIES, VARIETIES AND COMBINATIONS 575 priority and must be taken up, if the group is separated generically from Aristolochia. Clematis Roylei, nom. nov. Clematis nutans Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. 51 (1839).— Hooker f, & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1:10 (1855).— Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 1:5 (1872).— Kuntze in Verh. Bot. Ver. Branden. 26: 129 (Monog. Clem.) (1885).— Non Crantz (1763). Clematis nutans «. normalis Kuntze, l.c. (1885). As Clematis nutans Royle is invalidated by the earlier homonym C. nutans Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 2: 110 (1763); ed. 2, 1: 127 (1769), the species has to receive a new name. Although C. nutans Crantz is illegiti- mate, being a renaming of C. integrifolia L., the later homonym is to be rejected according to Art. 61 of the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature. Prinsepia uniflora Batal. var. serrata, var. nov. A typo differt foliis magis distantibus latioribus crenato- vel dentato- serratis, in ramis sterilibus ovato-lanceolatis vel ovato-oblongis mani- feste dentato-serratis, 3.5—-5 cm. longis et 1-1.5 cm. latis, in ramis floriferis oblongis vel lineari-oblongis, 1.5—4 cm. longis et 0.4-1 cm. latis. Prinsepia uniflora Farrer in anes Roy. Hort. Soc. 42: 103 (1916). Prinse pia uniflora Batal. ex F. N. Meyer in U. S. Dept. Agric. Bur. Pl. Indust. Invent. Seeds PI. Tmport. 42: 53, no. 40023 (1918). — Rehder in Jour. Arnold Arb. 5: 224 (1924), quoad spec. ex Kansu. Cutna. Kansu: Lien hao shan, Tao River valley below Titao, J. F. Rock, 13225, Aug. 1925 (type) (spiny shrub, 4 ft.; drupes scarlet, edible) ; below Lien hao shan, along sandy banks me pean: alt. 2500 m., J. F. Rock, 13504, Oct. 1925 (spiny shrub 5-6 ft.; leaves pale green, fruits red, juicy, edible); Valley of Motzuping, J. F. Rock, 12605, Apr. 1925 (shrub 3-4 ft.; flowers white to cream); between Choni and Lanchow, alt. 2600-3000 m., R. C. Ching, 1033, Sept. 19-21, 1923 (shrub to 7 ft., on clay soil); Upper Tebbu country, banks of Peshwekiang between Tsaruku & Pezhu, alt. 2500 m.; J. F. Rock, 14564, Aug. 30, 1926 (shrub 5-6 ft., with drooping branches; fruit wine-red); Lower Tebbu country, Pezhu valley, on low slopes, J. F. Rock, 14957, Oct. 1926; near Siku, R. Farrer, 272 in 1914, seeds (he): near Taochow, F. N. Meyer, 2161a, Dec. 1914, seeds (l.c.). Curtivatep: Arnold Arb. 1437-26 (from seed collected by J. F. Rock under 14564) Kobuski & Roush, Sept. 9, 1931; A. Rehder, Aug. 1, 1941; Arnold Arb. 82-27 (from seed coll. by J. F. Rock under no. 14957) Kobuski & Roush, Sept. 9, 1931; A. Rehder, Aug. 2, 1941; Arnold Arb. 21610 (seed collected by J. F. Rock under no. 13225) A. Rehder, Sept. 2, 576 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. Xx 1940; U. S. Dept. Agric. Exper. Sta. Chico, Calif., no. 40023 (from seed coll. by F. N. Meyer) C. C. Thomas, Oct. 31, 1921. The variety seems to be restricted to central and southern Kansu and may possibly extend into northwestern Szechuan, while the typical form has a much wider range extending from Ordos, Inner Mongolia, through Shensi, Shansi and Honan to Kiangsu. The variety is easily dis- tinguished from the type by the broader and serrate more distant leaves, on the flowering branches elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong to linear- oblong and serrulate or crenate-serrulate, on the sterile shoots ovate- oblong to lanceolate and distinctly dentate-serrate, at the base usually broad-cuneate or often nearly rounded. In the type the internodes are shorter and the leaves therefore more crowded, those of the flowering branches generally linear or sometimes narrow-oblong, entire or rarely remotely and indistinctly crenulate; on the sterile branches the leaves are linear to linear- or narrow-lanceolate, cuneate at the base and nearly entire to crenate-serrulate, only on vigorous shoots irregularly dentate- serrate, but always cuneate at the base and narrower and comparatively longer than in the variety. In the fruits and in the flowers there is little or no difference except that the latter are in the type mostly somewhat smaller. The variety was introduced into cultivation by Frank N. Meyer who in 1915 sent seeds to the U. S. Department of Agriculture; in 1925 and 1926 J. F. Rock also sent seeds to the Department of Agriculture and to the Arnold Arboretum. Plants are growing at the Arnold Arboretum; they have proved perfectly hardy and flower and fruit profusely, while the typical form is blooming well but sets fruit only sparingly. The fruit is acid and juicy, though Farrer (l.c.) states that he found the fruit consisting ‘“‘of almost nothing but skin and stone.” Caragana sinica (Buc’hoz), comb. nov. Robinia sinica Buc’hoz, Pl. Nouv. Découv. 24, t. 22 (1779) “R. sinensis” sub tab. Caragana chamlagu Lamarck, Encycl. Méth. - 616 (1785). — L’Heri- ier Stirp. Nov. 161, t. 77 (1791). — Bunge in Mém. Div. Sav. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb, 2: 90 sora Pl. Chin. an 16) (1833). — Komarov in Hort. Petrop. 29: 200, t. 5, fig. B oo Monog.) (1909).— Rehder in Jour. Arnold res 7: 164 (1926 Robinia chamlagu Hort. Reg. [Paris] ex L eek Encycl. Méth. 1: 616 o synon, Robinia lucida Salisbury, Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allert. 337 (1796), nom. illeg. Robinia — Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2: 312 (1807), pro synon. R. Chamlag Berberis a gamete De Candolle, Reg. Veg. Syst. 2: 18 (1821). 1941] REHDER, NEW SPECIES, VARIETIES AND COMBINATIONS 577 Caragana chinensis Turczaninov ex Maximowicz in bia Div. Sav. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. 9: 470 (Ind. FI. Pekin. ) (18 an Sra frutescens L. B. ussuriensis Regel in Gee ear ply oot. Pétersb. sér. 7, 4,4: 44 (1861). Aspalathus Chamlagu Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 161 (1891), nom. illeg. The name cited above under which the shrub generally known as Caragana Chamlagu Lam. was first described and figured has been entirely overlooked by all authors and is not listed in Index Kewensis. The description and the figure are apparently based on plants culti- vated in the Jardin des Plantes in Paris, and leave no doubt of the identity of the plant; Buc’hoz, moreover, states that the shrub is known as “Schanlaku” which obviously is only a different spelling for Chamlagu. Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum Hemsl. var. deminutum, var. nov. A typo recedit foliolis minoribus angustioribusque 1—2.5 cm. longis et 5-9 mm. latis, foliis plerisque trifoliolatis rarissime uni- vel quinque- foliolatis, petiolo distinctius sed anguste alato, inflorescentiis femineis tantum visis 5-10 mm. longis. CuinA. Yunnan: Kun, Ming, Tai Pu Chi, Mou Ko Sze, Y. Tsiang 16493, June 1939, 1 m. (type in herb. Sun Yatsen Univ.; photo in herb. Arnold Arb.). Southern Szechuan: inter Knapi et Tatiaoko, alt. 2600 m.; in decliv. calcar. freq., 2-3 m., C. Schneider 1353, May 23, 1914 (Herb. Arnold Arb.). At the first glance Tsiang’s specimen looks quite distinct from any Chinese Zanthoxylum, but on closer examination I found that it agrees in all characters except size of leaflets and of the inflorescence with Z. dimorphophyllum Hemsl. There is no difference in the essential charac- ters of the prickles, the pubescence, the leaves, the inflorescence and the flowers. The leaflets in typical Z. dimorphophyllum represented by eighteen collections are up to 12 cm. long and to 5 cm. broad and usually prominently veined or even reticulate, while in var. deminutum they are only obscurely veined on the under side and lustrous above. In the type the number of leaflets is one or three and only in var. spinifolium Rehd. & Wils. occasionally five leaflets occur. Tsiang’s specimen of var. deminutum collected in June, is in flower and clothed with the per- sistent leaves of the previous year, and is a much-branched shrub 1 m. high with short branchlets, while Schneider’s specimen from southern Szechuan collected in May is in young fruit and a shrub 2-3 m. tall with elongated branches bearing only young leaves and along the branchlets young fruit in numerous dense clusters 6-8 mm. high and about as wide, rarely up to 1 cm. high. Schneider’s specimen was col- lected about three degrees further north than Tsiang’s specimen at 578 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxXU approximately the same altitude; the habit of the two specimens is quite different and suggests a dry exposed situation for the latter specimen. Euonymus Maackii Rupr. f. lanceolata, f. nov. A typo recedit foliis multo angustioribus, plerisque lanceolatis vel anguste lanceolatis, 6.5-9 cm. longis et 1.2—2 cm. latis, inferioribus minoribus (in specimine culta) saepe elliptico-lanceolatis 4-6 cm. longis et 1.2-2 cm. latis, longe acuminatis, petiolis 1-1.5 cm. longis gracilibus, ceterum ut in typo. Mancuuria: Yakeshish, along the river, B. F. Skvortzov, 25. vii, 1930 (type) (‘“affinis E. Maackii Rupr. differt foliis lanceolatis”’). Cuttivatep: Arnold Arboretum, no. 18333 (seed received in 1923 from Exper. Farm, Echo Sta., Manch.), A. Rehder, July 2, 1940. At the first glance, this form with its long narrow-lanceolate slender- stalked leaves looks quite distinct from Euonymus Maacki Rupr., but the cultivated plant approaches somewhat the typical form in the lower leaves of the branchlets being shorter and broader, more elliptic- lanceolate. Also among the spontaneous material of E. Maacki in our herbarium there are specimens with the leaves, at least those toward the end of the branchlets distinctly lanceolate, as Komarov, Fl. Mansh. no. 1040, leg. F. Karo, Fl. Amur, circa Sachalien, 1905, and Skvortzov, Kirin prov., Cher Station, Aug. 30, 1922. From Korea intermediate specimens are R. Y. Mills (Wilson Exped.) Kanghai, prov. N. Heian, June 20, 1919 and U. Faurie 520, Chinnampo, the holotype of £. coreanus Lévl. Nakai in 1926 (in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 40: 573) referred E. Vidalii var. stenophylla Koidzumi (in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 31: 32. 1917) to E. Maacku as a synonym, which led me to suspect that it might possibly be identical with the narrow-leaved form of E. Maackii, but finding that forms of EF. Vidalii Franch. & Sav. (E. yedoensis Koehne) also exist in Hondo, e.g. a specimen collected by J. G. Jack near Lake Yumoto, Aug. 11, 1905, I doubt if Nakai was correct in referring Koidzumi’s variety to E. Maackii; I have not seen the type of Koidzumi’s variety, nor any other specimens so named. Lonicera codonantha (sect. Isoxylosteum), sp. nov. Frutex erectus metralis, ramulis flavido-brunneis villosis, vetustiori- bus griseis, cortice longitudinaliter fisso; gemmae pluriperulatae perulis ovatis acuminulatis. Folia decidua, ovalia vel ovato-ovalia, 1-2 cm. longa, obtusa et leviter mucronulata, basi rotunda vel subcordata, supra obscure viridia, glabra costa impressa villosa excepta, subtus villosa, venis utrinque 3-5, supra impressis subtus leviter elevatis, costa mani- 1941] REHDER, NEW SPECIES, VARIETIES AND COMBINATIONS 579 festius elevata; petioli brevissimi circ. 1 mm. longi, villosi. Flores axillares in parte superiore ramulorum, bini in pedunculo circ. 2 mm. longo glabro; bracteae lanceolatae, ovarium subaequantes, sparsissime ciliatae, bracteolae 4, distinctae, subrotundae, trientem ovarium sub- aequantes, glabrae; calycis dimidio ovario paulo longioris dentes ovati, obtusiusculi, glabri, triente inferiore connati; corolla campanulata, extus glabra, roseo-alba, tubo 6—7 mm. longo et (compresso) 6 mm. lato, intus fauce ultra medium piloso et basi nectariis 5 donato, lobis rotundatis 4 mm. longis intus piloso dimidium tubum aequantibus; stamina 5, in triente inferiore tubi inserta, medium tubum paullo superantia, antheris oblongis filamentis glabris subaequilongis; stylus glaber, staminibus brevior, stigmate capitato; ovaria subglobosa, 3 mm. alta, trilocularia, loculis pluri-ovulatis. Fructus ignotus. Affinis L. rupicolae Hook. f. & Thoms., sed recedit corollae tubo mani- feste latiore, filamentis longioribus, calyce, bracteolis bracteisque glabris, foliis latioribus obtusis vel obtusiusculis brevissime petiolatis. Cuina. Yunnan: Chenkang, Hsiaoshuishan, Snow Range, alt. 3500 m., open and rocky slopes, T. T. Vi, 17188, Aug. 4, 1938 (holotype) (shrub 2-4 ft., flowers pinkish white). This new species seems most closely related to the Himalayan L. rupicola Hook. f. & Thoms., which differs chiefly in the narrower coro!la- tube with the lobes glabrous inside, compressed 3-4 mm. wide, in the pubescent bracts, ciliate bractlets and calyx-lobes, and in the narrower acute or acutish leaves on slenderer pedicels 1.5—4 mm. long. Lonicera Myrtillus Hook. f. & Thoms. var. cyclophylla, var. nov. A typo recedit foliis suborbicularibus vel late ovalibus 0.6-1 cm. longis, pedicellis folio longioribus 8-12 mm. longis, bracteis suborbicu- laribus circ. 3 mm. latis, cupula bracteolarum trientem tantum ovarii tegentibus; proxima var. depressae (Nichols.) Rehd. sed foliis bracte- isque suborbicularibus et cupula manifeste breviore distinguitur. Cuina. Yunnan: Taron-Taru Divide, Mt. Tarulaka, alt. 3000 m., open and rocky slope, T. T. Yu, 20056, Sept. 3, 1938 (type) (shrub 1 ft., flower purplish pink). This variety at the first glance looks quite distinct from L. M yrtillus, but is apparently only a variety close to var. depressa and differing from it chiefly in the smaller suborbicular to broad-oval leaves and the sub- orbicular bracts. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 580 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII A NEW WILLOW FROM FLORIDA Wrii1AmM A. MurriLt AND ERNEsT J. PALMER With one text-figure Tue discovery by the senior author of an undescribed species of willow in the remote hammocks of central Florida, where it appears to be endemic, adds another interesting plant to the flora of the state and of the southeastern United States, where very few species of Salix are known. The species is apparently rather rare and local, but several plants were growing in the colony where it was discovered and at the other cited localities. Salix astatulana, sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor ad 4 m. alta, ramulis novellis pubescentibus, cortice fere laevigato cinereo parce maculato-striato. Folia juvenilia villosa, matura satis firma, supra glabra vel in costa parce pubescentia, subtus villosa vel raro fere glabra, plerumque 5-12 cm. longa, 2-4 cm. lata, oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-elliptica, apice obtusa, acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi rotunda vel raro subcordata, margine toto leviter un- dulato vel minute glanduloso-serrato; petiolo puberulo, 0.8-1.5 cm. longo. Stipulae minutae grosse serratae mox deciduae. Amenta cyl- indrica densiflora brevipedunculata, interdum foliis parvis 1-3 suffulta; rhachis dense pilosa; squamae fuscae oblongo-obovatae, 2-3 mm. longae, intus dense villosae, extus fere glabrescentes basi et margine exceptis, apice rotundo vel fere truncato. Amenta mascula circiter 4—6 cm. longa, 1-1.5 cm. crassa, filamentis 3—6 infra parce pilosis, 5-7 mm. longis. Amenta foemina circiter 3.5-5 cm. longa, 1.5 cm. crassa; fructus elongato-ovati, 5-7 mm. longi, 1.5—2 mm. crassi, adulti glabri, apice in stylum bifidum sensim contracti, pedicello parce villoso 2~3 mm. longo. In rich, humid soil of deep, low hammocks near streams, in Lake and Levy Counties, Florida, and probably in adjoining Counties. Fruit ripening about the middle of March. Lake Co., near Astatula, W. A. Murrill & J. R. Watson, Feb. 4 and March 7, 1941 (type); Lake Harris, near Tavares, W. A. Murrill, Dec. 5, 1940 and Feb. 5, 1941. Levy Co., Culf Hammock, Murrill & Watson, Feb. 23, 1941. (type, Arnold Arb. herb., isotype and para- types, Univ. of Fla. herb.). 1941] MURRILL & PALMER, NEW WILLOW FROM FLORIDA 381 In flower and fruit characters Salix astatulana appears to be most nearly related to Salix longipes Shuttleworth. It is, however, a very different plant in its foliage, and it is distinguished by its more densely flowered aments, much longer filaments, more slender capsules, and the nearly glabrous outer surface of the scales. the town of Astatula, near the type locality. is said to signify “sunset on the waters.” The specific name is for It is of Indian origin and Ay Dia WZ i EXPLANATION OF TEXT-FIGURE eaf (X 4); 2. pistillate ament (X 14); 3. capsule and inside of ane < 5); 4. staminate flov wer with inside of scale (< 5); 5. serration of leaf-margin (xX 6). EXPERIMENT STATION, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 582 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXII THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1941 IN SPITE of unsettled economic conditions due to the European war, the Arnold Arboretum is still the fortunate recipient of important and extensive extra-budgetary support from numerous individuals interested in the institution and its work. Unrestricted gifts to the Cultural Pur- poses Fund amounted to $7382.00 from 357 individuals. Special con- tributions of $1600.00 were made to the George B. Emerson Fellowship, bringing the total to date for these fellowships to $5125.00. Through the generosity of Mr. John S. Ames, a member of our Visiting Com- mittee, $2500.00 was provided for the purchase of that part of the Rowe Contracting Company’s old quarry site on the Arboretum side of Centre Street. This is a timely gift that will, in the not distant future, enable us to eliminate an unsightly spot adjoining the Arboretum on its most extensively travelled approach. During the year the permanent endow- ment funds were increased by the receipt of $12,880.56 from the estate of the late Miss Grace L. Edwards of Boston, the balance of her bequest of $25,000.00, and $23,054.90 from the estate of Mrs. Caroline S. Freeman, the latter to be added to the Laura Lucretia Case fund. Five thousand dollars was presented by Professor James R. Jewett, under the conditions that from the income the James R. Jewett and Vieno T. Johnson prizes may be awarded annually by the Arnold Arboretum to individuals who have made noteworthy contributions to the improvement of our native beach plum and other native and introduced fruits. The first awards will be made in August, 1941. One thousand six hundred seventy-three dollars and seventy-seven cents was added to the principal of two special endowment funds in accordance with the original terms of gift appertaining to the original James Arnold fund and the Charles Sprague Sargent bequest. Through the interest of Mrs. Augustus H. Eustis and Mrs. Frederic Channing Bowditch, descendants of James Arnold, the Arboretum received as a gift an interesting association piece in the form of an elaborate table formerly owned by James Arnold. This is a round table, fifty-three inches in diameter, the top being a mosaic of polished ornamental marbles, semi-precious and other stones, and it now graces the conference room in the Administration Building. The most serious situation that faces the institution at present is the very badly overcrowded conditions of the library and especially the 1941] THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 583 herbarium, and there is little chance of expansion on the basis of avail- able space in the present administration building. For several years past, temporary expedients have been adopted, and shifts in the sequences of both books and herbarium material made until the possi- bilities on the basis of present floor space are about exhausted. As noted in the herbarium report below, no further general distributions of reference material into the herbarium are possible, because of the already overcrowded condition of the herbarium cases. It was hoped that this overcrowded condition might be met by the construction of a major building to take the three large botanical libraries and herbaria belonging to Harvard University, the combined collections of the Gray Herbarium, the Arnold Arboretum, and the Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium. To the library resources of these units the extraordinary library facilities of the Museum of Comparative Zoology might be added, thus forming one comprehensive biological library to serve all the bio- logical units of the University, to replace the four large independent libraries now being maintained. This would be a major move, but unfortunately there seems to be little chance of its being consummated for financial reasons. In the meantime it has become imperative to construct a modest addition to the Gray Herbarium building to take care of the critical storage situation there. The solution of the equally press- ing space problem at the Arnold Arboretum apparently forces us to consider the possibility of a reasonable addition to the present adminis- tration building. In the meantime all space for books, reference material, office space, and accommodations for staff members, resident investi- gators, visitors, and students is at a premium, with no relief in sight other than some additional building space. Retirements and Appointments. — As noted in the report for the previous year, Professor Alfred Rehder, Curator of the Herbarium, re- tired on August 30, 1940, as Associate Professor Emeritus, having reached the age of 75 years, and Dr. J. H. Faull, in charge of Plant Pathology, became Professor Emeritus on the same date. Both indi- viduals served the institution with distinction, the former for a period of forty-two years, and the latter for twelve years. Because of certain adjustments that it was most desirable to make in connection with the genetics situation, it has unfortunately not been possible, as yet, to make a replacement appointment in plant pathology. Professor Rehder continues to occupy his old desk, working on special botanical and nomenclatural problems, but concentrating on the preparation of a bibliographical supplement to his Manual of Cultivated Trees and 584 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx Shrubs. Dr. A. C. Smith of the New York Botanical Garden staff reported for duty as Curator of the Herbarium on October 1, 1940, succeeding Professor Rehder. Buildings and Grounds. — The general operations in reference to buildings and grounds have proceeded as in the past few years. The widening of Bussey Street between the Arboretum proper and the Peters Hill section has been completed by the Park Department, while current repairs have been made to road surfaces, walks, and benches. The dry season characteristic of the late summer and early fall of 1939 resulted in a considerable amount of winter injury to certain shrubs, but losses were negligible. The task of preparing the detailed planting maps initiated several years ago has been completed, there now being on file 101 completed panels showing the exact positions of all planted trees and shrubs within the Arboretum limits. As changes are made in the plantings, corresponding alterations are made on these detailed maps and on the card catalogue record, the objective being to keep these maps and records strictly up to date. In checking the maps, which also in- volved a critical re-identification of many of the planted species, it is revealed that there are now in actual cultivation at the Arnold Arbore- tum approximately 6500 named species and varieties of hardy ligneous plants. During the winter, 3400 display labels were prepared and the majority of these were placed in position in the spring. A reserve supply is now available, as with certain changes in the technique of painting and letter- ing it has become possible greatly to increase the output without a corresponding increase in personnel. A new type of direction sign has been devised, the basis being thick swamp cypress lumber, finished in natural color, with the lettering machine carved. Thirty-one of these were prepared and installed during the year. They have the advantage of being practically unbreakable, and the carved letters cannot be easily obliterated. Furthermore, they can be retained in place summer and winter, without the necessity of removal for repainting, as was necessary with the old smooth surface painted signs which these new ones have replaced. The general design, which is distinctly attractive, has been adopted by the Trustees of Public Reservations for their holdings in Massachusetts Through the generosity of Mr. John S. Ames, the Arboretum has for- tunately been able to acquire that part of the old quarry site on Centre Street formerly owned by the Rowe Contracting Company. This small triangle situated on the south side of Centre Street, and bounded on one 1941] THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 585 side by Bussey Street, but separated from the Arboretum property by the abandoned right of way of old Centre Street, has long been more or less an eye sore, marring the approaches to the Arboretum. This tract will be placed in an attractive condition as soon as the City of Boston completes its projected improvement of the juncture of Bussey Street with Centre Street. This was the last piece of privately owned property on the Arboretum side of Centre Street, and it is now naturally pleasing to the Arboretum authorities and the Park Department that it has been acquired for Arboretum purposes. The popularity of the Arboretum continues to increase, this being reflected in the annually increasing numbers of visitors. A close estimate on Lilac Sunday, May 18, 1941, indicated approximately 44,000 pedes- trians in the grounds on that one day. That these numerous visitors are, for the most part, interested in plants, is evidenced by the fact that following this, and other Sundays and holidays at the season of greatest attractiveness in May and June, there are practically no papers or other rubbish left in the grounds, and there are also no evidences whatever of breakage of flowering shrubs and trees, reflecting great credit on the citizens of Boston and vicinity. Horticulture.— The past winter was not unusually cold and there was a protective covering of snow on the ground much of the time. During the latter part of March, however, after the snow had melted but while the ground was still frozen, several days with high tempera- tures, strong winds, and low humidity were experienced. ‘These factors combined resulted in more winter injury than in any winter since the severe one of 1933-34. While losses of individual plants were negligible, the killing of branches necessitated a great deal of extra pruning during the spring and early summer. Fortunately, our rhododendrons were not as severely injured as were corresponding plantings in neighboring towns. Some of the conifers suffered rather severely. During the spring planting season, 389 different species and varieties were added to the permanent collections by transfer from the nursery. Two hundred seven selected Malus and Prunus hybrids were planted on the Walter Street tract, while on certain hurricane devastated areas, 250 hemlock, 50 white pine, and 40 red pine plants were placed. It is of interest to record the fact that in spite of war conditions, we received in one shipment from England, six weeks in transit, about fifty species of trees, shrubs, and vines, mostly not hitherto represented in American collections. Two shipments of seeds from western China were also received. 586 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL, XXII The total number of living plants received from institutions in the United States, England, Canada, Hawaii, and Sumatra, was 1500. At the‘same time, 69 lots of scions were received for propagation work, and 107 packets of seeds, selected from the larger number received, were actually planted in the greenhouse. At the same time 4516 living plants were distributed, 438 lots of scions, and 1103 packets of seeds, this material going to various parts of the United States and Canada, Cuba, Australia, Great Britain and Hungary. From the Yunnan seed acces- sions, Lu Shan Botanic Garden and the Fan Memorial Institute Yunnan Expeditions, 476 packets of seeds were distributed to various institutions. A new collection of one hundred twenty-nine named ornamental crab- apples has been installed in the Peters Hill section across the driveway from the old established collection of these attractive plants. This plant- ing is planned to replace the poplar collection which was largely de- stroyed by the hurricane. Within a few years this should form a very attractive display. The poison ivy eradication campaign has been prosecuted as in the past few years, but much remains to be done on the elimination of this most attractive, yet distinctly noxious plant. In addition to the development of the larger nursery on the Walter Street tract, a definite plan has been developed for renovating the soil in the old nurseries in the Bussey Institution grounds. In the field of inter-institutional cooperation a part of the propagating grounds has been assigned to the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, where the institution is installing a comprehensive living collection of medicinal plants. After several seasons experience in color photography, and because of the unique opportunity offered by the very large collection of living plants available in the Arboretum plantings, a definite plan of recording the characters of selected plants in bloom, in fruit, and in autumn foliage has been developed. For this purpose 35 mm. Kodachrome film is used. During May and June about 300 natural color slides were added to this rapidly increasing collection. A serious attempt is made to keep the interested public posted on the attractions of the Arboretum and the services it renders. Through articles in the daily press, in weekly and monthly magazines, and in Arnoldia (the new name of our Bulletin of Popular Information), and by illustrated lectures to special groups of horticulturally minded people, the more popular and practical phases of the institutional work are pre- sented, and the value of these activities is reflected by the constantly 1941] THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 587 increasing demands on the Arboretum for material, advice, and assistance, resulting in an ever increasing heavy burden of correspondence. Cytogenetic Laboratory.— The plant breeding program has been continued with species hybridization in lilacs, apples, cherries, azaleas and roses. Second generation progeny of some of the species hybrids are being grown to provide a wide variety of new types for selection. Naturally cross pollinated species also have provided natural hybrids. Several thousand species hybrids are growing in the propagating beds and nurseries. The work on X-ray effects has been continued during the past winter. It was found that irradiation had no effect on subsequent X-ray sensi- tivity. The exponents of dosage curve equations for complex chromo- somal aberrations varies from 1 to 2 depending on X-ray intensity. Mr. Nichols has found frequent spontaneous chromosomal aberrations in root tips from old seed and from seed subjected to high temperatures. Dr. Giles found that spontaneous chromosomal aberrations in Trade- scantia are much more frequent in triploids than in the diploid and tetraploid parents. Supplementing the work in genetics as prosecuted in the past few years, the appointment of Dr. P. C. Mangelsdorf on the staff of the Botanical Museum, but financed in part by Arnold Arboretum funds, has enabled us to take part in his extensive corn breeding work, a part of this being centered at the Atkins Institution of the Arnold Arboretum at Soledad, Cienfuegos, Cuba, and a part in our own experimental grounds. Wood Anatomy. — During the year 789 microscopic slides of wood sections were added to the reference collections, making a total of 24,382 available for study, representing 7,065 species. From various sources, 538 wood specimens were received, forming important additions to this large collection. The totals are now 5,278 species represented by 9,324 individual collections, (preserved material) and 5,959 represented by 11,857 specimens (dried material). In the Icacinaceae study, Professor Bailey and Mr. Howard have continued their anatomical studies, and their work has been supplemented by a study of the pollen characters by Dr. Dahl and of the trichomes and crystals by Mr. Heintzelman. Dr. Heimsch has concluded an extensive study of the comparative anatomy of the secondary xylem of the Geraniales and the Sapindales, and Mr. Reed has initiated a comparative study of the Olacales and Santalales. Dr. Barghoorn has published the last of his series of studies 588 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xx on the ontogenetic and phylogenetic interpretation of the rays of the gymnosperms and the angiosperms, while Dr. Nast has continued her investigations along similar lines appertaining to wood parenchyma of the angiosperms. To an increasing degree the taxonomists on the Arboretum staff call for assistance in the detailed study of puzzling forms, in an attempt to supplement studies on the basis of the older taxonomic techniques by additional data, often of great significance, appertaining to wood anatomy, pollen and trichome structure. The Herbarium. — During the year 19,413 mounted specimens were inserted into the herbarium. A total of 26,770 specimens was mounted, some of these being ready for insertion and others being still under study. The total number of specimens now filed in the herbarium is 513,880. The number of specimens (including duplicates) received by exchange, gift, subsidy, purchase, or for identification was 94,474. Of these 42,591 are from North and South America, 23,232 from India and Indo-China, 12,058 from Polynesia, 10,635 from China, 2,936 from Malaysia, 1,050 from Papuasia, and 1,972 from Africa, the Philippines, Japan, and Australia. Important American collections received were 5,126 speci- mens collected by Donovan Correll in Louisiana, about 8,300 specimens collected by J. W. Thompson in western North America, about 3,000 specimens collected by G. Martinez-Calderon in Mexico, 3,247 speci- mens sent by the Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Argentina, and about 2,000 specimens collected by Verne Grant in Central America. Dr. I. M. Johnston’s summer campaign in northern Mexico resulted in his securing about 6,000 specimens. Important Asiatic collections re- ceived were about 22,000 specimens (including duplicates) collected in Indo-China by W. T. Tsang (with the cooperation of Lingnan Uni- versity), about 4,500 specimens collected by T. T. Yii in Yunnan, about 2,000 specimens from western China sent by the Lu-Shan Botanical Garden, about 2,500 specimens from Szechuan, China, sent by Nanking University, and sae 12,000 specimens (including duplicates) collected in Fiji by Otto Degener (during the Pacific cruise of the “Cheng Ho,” sponsored by Mrs. Anne Archbold). The total number of specimens distributed by the Arboretum was 42,445, of which 40,497 went to American institutions. Of these, 32,253 were sent in continuation of exchanges, 4,591 as gifts, and 2,161 for identification by specialists. To the Gray Herbarium 10,769 specimens and 1,130 mounted illustrations accompanying descriptions: were trans- ferred, while 3,119 specimens were transferred to the Farlow Herbarium and 504 specimens of orchids and numerous orchid descriptions and 1941] THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 589 illustrations were sent to the Ames Orchid Herbarium at the Botanical Museum. To foreign institutions 1,948 specimens were sent, while books to the equivalent value of 4,146 specimens were exchanged under a special arrangement. Thus the total number of specimens or their equivalent sent out was 47,721. In addition, many thousands of speci- mens were packed and stored for shipment to European institutions as soon as conditions permit. Thirty-three loans, totalling 1,275 specimens, were made to 16 Ameri- can institutions. For study by staff members, 89 loans with a total of 8,142 specimens were received from 28 institutions, for the most part American. The card catalogue of references to new species and other important literature appertaining to woody plants was increased by 3,300 cards, the total now being 129,119 cards. The collection of negatives repre- senting types and critical specimens now totals 4,047, 21 having been added during the year. Routine herbarium work included a continuation of the division of large genera into geographic series; all the larger genera are now so arranged and a beginning has been made toward breaking down all the Old World herbarium material in the smaller genera. Insertion of mounted specimens into the herbarium involved considerable shifting, certain families being removed from sequence and placed in the Conifer Room, where a rearrangement had made the coniferous families more compact. This appears to be the last makeshift which will be possible without additional floor space for herbarium expansion. Mounting was more or less limited to collections from regions under study by staff members; many important collections from other regions remain un- mounted due to lack of labor and space. During the year many thou- sands of clippings, typed descriptions, and illustrations were incorpo- rated into the herbarium. Members of the herbarium staff continued study in their special fields, with the result that numerous manuscripts were prepared for publica- tion and many thousands of routine determinations made. Professor Rehder, who retired from active duty at the end of August, 1940, con- tinued to visit the herbarium daily and to work on a bibliographical supplement to his Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs. Dr. Smith, taking up his duties on October 1, 1940, studied special families of the Arboretum’s extensive Papuasian collections, and undertook preliminary work on the Degener Fijian collection. Dr. Johnston, aided by a grant from the Milton Fund, continued his cooperation with the Carnegie Institution. His summer field work in northern Coahuila, Mexico, was 590 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. Xx eminently successful. In addition to extensive work on his own collec- tions, he has continued his identification work on Boraginaceae sent to him by numerous correspondents for study, and has continued the work of identification of the large collections obtained by Professor T. H. Goodspeed of the University of California and his associates in the arid parts of Chile and Peru. Dr. Raup continued his studies of the flora of Arctic America by preparing a report on his MacKenzie Mountains expedition, collections of 1939. During the year he has ordered up the very extensive herbarium collections of North American Salix, de- termining several hundred specimens. Through a study of 1,054 specimens from the Peace and Upper Liard River regions sent to him by eight collectors and correspondents, he has added 227 species to his published catalogue of the plants of these regions. Dr. Kobuski has continued his studies of the Theaceae, giving special attention to the American genera. Mr. Palmer has continued his studies of western American plants and his collections of cultivated plants in the Arboretum. Dr. Allen has extended her work on the Lauraceae of the Old World and especially of Papuasia, also making numerous determinations in the genus Halenia in America. Dr. Perry has continued to study the exten- sive series of New Guinea plants received from the Richard Archbold Expeditions and other sources. Dr. Croizat has studied many genera of the Euphorbiaceae, extending his work on this difficult family. Under my supervision, Miss Luetta Chen has continued her study of the genera Ormosia and Sabia, while Mr. H. L. Li has commenced a study of the Chinese species of Araliaceae. Professor F. P. Metcalf of Lingnan Uni- versity, with the aid of a Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship, worked at the Arboretum throughout the year in continuation of his work on the Flora of Fukien Province, China. My own work was largely concen- trated on the preparation of a comprehensive report on the Captain F. Kingdon Ward collections from Upper Burma (Vernay-Cutting Ex- pedition), a study of the accumulated Indo-China material and certain groups of our very extensive and as yet unnamed Chinese collections, the determination of various Philippine collections, and other accumula- tions from India, Burma, and Malaysia. Field Work. — Aside from the work in Mexico prosecuted by Dr. I. M. Johnston, mentioned above, and which will be continued during the summer of 1941, our field work has been largely prosecuted through the granting of modest subsidies to individuals in various countries to enable them to undertake botanical exploration for the Arnold Arbore- tum. Grants were made during the past year to Senor Guadalupe 1941] THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 591 Martinez-Calderon for work in Oaxaca, Mexico, Mr. Otto Degener for work in Fiji, Mr. Robert L. Pendleton for work in Thailand, Mr. E. E. Smith for work in Colombia, Mr. J. W. Thompson for work in the Puget Sound region, Mr. James H. Soper for work in Ontario, Dr. T. H. Goodspeed for work in South America, and the National Szechuan University for work in western China. The continued unsettled condi- tions in China have interfered with the transmission of collections from the field, but extensive collections made in previous years are in safe storage in western China, while certain most important collections were delivered safely, especially the very large Indo-China collections, some 2,800 numbers, with extensive duplicates, made in cooperation with Lingnan University. In Cuba, extensive summer collecting was done by Messrs. Dahl, Howard, Godfrey, and Hodge, the former a staff member of the Division of Biology, the last three graduate students in botany, through assistance and fellowship awards through the Atkins Institution of the Arnold Arboretum. The Library. — The extent of the library in bound volumes at the end of the fiscal year was 44,812, in unbound volumes several hundred, in pamphlets 12,957, in photographs 18,662, and in nursery catalogues several thousand, representing a net increase for the year of 306 bound volumes, 231 pamphlets and 18 photographs. Six interesting views of Mt. Vernon, photographed by Professor C. S. Sargent, were presented by Mrs. Mary Sargent Potter of New York City. There were added to the catalogue 1130 cards, 530 of them containing bibliographical data, and 1036 slips were added to the files which continue the printed author and subject catalogues of the library. Sixteen new periodicals were acquired and several new exchanges of publications arranged. Many books have been sent out on inter-library loans, and the requests for microfilms and photostats have been more numerous than in previous ears. Over 2200 photographs were printed on order for the Montreal Botanical Garden from the negatives made by E. H. Wilson on his expe- ditions to eastern Asia. The checking of the periodicals of the library for inclusion in the new edition of the Union List of Serials has been completed. Shelf lists have been made for the six alcoves and main corridor in the periodical section, and this has greatly facilitated the work of reference and research. Our large collection of forestry periodi- cals, numbering approximately 1730 volumes, was deposited in the library of the Harvard Forest at Petersham when Shaler Hall was com- pleted in May. James H. and Ralph Lowell made a gift of 33 books, totaling in value about $700, in memory of their father, John Lowell, 592 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXU Harvard 1877. One of our rarest folios, Thornton’s “Temple of Flora,” was requested as a special loan by the R. H. Macy Company of New York City, for the purpose of reproducing four of its colored plates for sale. The library has received as a gift a set of these excellent reproductions. A list of duplicate publications for sale or exchange has been prepared and will be ready for distribution at an early date. Atkins Institution of the Arnold Arboretum, Soledad, Cienfuegos, Cuba. —In the planting expansion program a number of palms were moved into the palm section, and several hundred shrubs and trees were transplanted into the newly acquired areas. In the additional area trans- ferred to the garden in February 1939 by the Soledad Sugar Company, the last cane crop has been harvested, so that all the land is now avail- able for planting and development. Naturally with a restricted and modest income, as the planted areas are increased, a higher percentage of the income has to be used for maintenance purposes, so that the expansion of the plantings must of necessity be slow. It has been necessary to extend the nursery area, and Dr. Mangelsdorf’s tropical American corn varieties being grown at Soledad have required the preparation of land for this purpose. A new entrance to the gardens was made at the corner of the recent addition below Casa Catalina, thus making the approach more direct. During the year 340 packets of seeds and 759 living plants were received and 433 packets of seeds, 46 living plants, and 53 lots of cuttings were distributed. Mr. Sturrock’s book on tropical fruits for southern Florida and Cuba and their uses was published through the cooperation of the Arnold Arboretum in 1940, the income from sales being impounded for the use of the Atkins Institution. About forty individuals enjoyed the hospitality of Harvard House for varying periods of time, the most that have taken advantage of the facilities available in any one year since the institution was organized. These included fourteen representatives of Harvard University working on various botanical and zoological problems. Other educational insti- tutions represented include Wilson College, the University of Colorado, the University of Ohio, Skidmore College, the University of Montreal, Colegio de la Salle, and the University of Havana. Other institutions and organizations represented were the Fairchild Tropical Garden, the New York Botanical Garden, Montreal Botanical Garden, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, the Ohio Division of Plant Industry, United Fruit Company, and Cuban Agricultural Experiment Station. A group of four, under the leadership of Mr. and Mrs. Warren H. Corning, rep- resenting the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, made the Atkins 1941] THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 593 Institution their headquarters for about a month while collecting natural history material for that institution. Among the Harvard staff members and students were Messrs. Gunckel, Salvin, Dahl, Howard, Hodge, and Godfrey, who spent extended periods in the summer of 1940 work- ing on various botanical problems, and Messrs. Dethier and Greenway, prosecuting zoological work. An extensive series of botanical specimens representing Cuban species was presented by Mr. José Carabia. The comprehensive collecting campaign initiated by Messrs. Dahl, Howard, Godfrey, and Hodge in the summer of 1940 will be continued during the summer of 1941, the objective being to secure the material on which a reasonably comprehensive flora of southern Santa Clara Province. may be based. During the year the Atkins Institution was the fortunate recipient of gifts totalling $4,426.68 for current expenses and special work, of which $2,200.00 was an anonymous gift to provide for the reconstruction and enlargement of the greenhouse and neighboring lath house, and for the construction of a public shelter house connecting these two units. Mrs. Edwin F. Atkins provided $1000.00 for expenses of visiting students and investigators, and $190.00 for an additional steel herbarium case, while Dr. Thomas Barbour provided $836.08, of which $300.00 was for student assistance, the balance for general expenses. Publications. — As usual the quarterly numbers forming our Journal were issued, the amount of technical material from staff members now taxing the available space. Beginning with the first number for 1941 our Bulletin of Popular Information was renamed Arnoldia, thus honor- ing James Arnold, whose original bequest received in 1872 made possible the establishment of the Arnold Arboretum. As in past years, articles published in the Arboretum serials represent only a part of the work of the staff members. A bibliography of the published writings of the staff and of students working under the supervision of staff members is appended. 594 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VoL. Xx Bibliography of the Published Writings of the Staff and Students July 1, 1940 — June 30, 1941 ALLEN, C. K. Studies in the Lauraceae, III. Some critical and new species of Asiatic Lindera, with occasional notes on Litsea. Jour. Arnold Arb, 22: 1-31. 1. BatLey, I. W. The walls of plant cells. A.A.A.S. Publ. 14: 31-43. 1940. a = Howarp, R. 1e comparative morphology of the Icacina- ceae, I. Anatomy of the node and internode. Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: pees 4 pl. 1941, —— & Howarp, R. A. The comparative morphology of the Icacina- ceae, II. Vessels. Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: 171-187, 6 pl. 1941. BarcuHoorn, E. S., Jr. The ontogenetic development and phylogenetic specialization of rays in the xylem of dicotyledons, I. The primitive ray structure. Am, Jour. Bot. 27: 918-928, 17 fig. ———— The ontogenetic development and phylogenetic specialization of rays in the xylem of dicotyledons, II. Modification of the multiseriate and uniseriate rays. Am. Jour. Bot. 28: 273-282, 17 fig. 1941 — The ontogenetic development and phylogenetic specialization of rays in the xylem of dicotyledons, III. The elimination of rays. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 317-325, 14 fig. 1941. —— & Batmey, I. W. A useful method for the study of pollen in peat. Ecology 21: 513-514. 1940, Concer, A. Chromosome deficiencies in microspores of Tradescantia. Jour. Heredity 31: 339-341. 1940. Croizat, L. A discussion of new and critical synonymy. Jour. Arnold Arb, 22: 133-142. 1941. Euphorbia Mayuranathanii Croizat. Hook. Ic. Pl. 35: t. 3404. —— A further comment on stability in nomenclature. Science 93: 109-110. 1941, — Identifying woody plants in winter. Am. Nurseryman 72(12): 7-8, 2 fig. 1940; 73(5): 9-10, 3 fig., (8): 7-9, 2 fig. 1941. ——— New and critical Euphorbiaceae from eastern tropical Asia. Jour, Arnold Arb. 21: 490-510. 1940 — Notebook records of leaves. Am. Nurseryman 72(6): 11-12, 1 fig. 1940. — Notes on the Dilleniaceae and their allies: Austrobaileyeae subfam. nov. Jour. Arnold Arb. 21: 397-404. 1940. ——— Notes on new and critical Far Eastern Phyllanthus. Jour. Jap. Bot. 16: ste do 1940. —_——_—— the origin and publication of the name Longetia. Chron. Bot. 6: 102. 1940. 1941] THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 595 On the phylogeny of the Euphorbiaceae and some of their pre- sumed allies. Revista Univ. (Univ. Catélica de Chile) 25: 205-220, 1 fig. 1940. ———— A significant new species from New Guinea: Euphorbia euony- moclada Croiz., n. sp. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III. 16: 351-357. 1940, ———— On the systematic position of Daphniphyllum and its allies. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 20: 79-104, 11 fig. 1941. ————. A voice Ana the dim past. Cactus & Succ. Jour. 13: 62. ———. , H. Critical notes on some Formosan Euphorbiaceae, II. Jour. ae noe 16: 383-390. 194 ———— & Metcatr, F. P. The Chinese and Japanese species of Daphni- phyllum. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 20: 105-127, pl. 1-3. 1941. Gites, N. The effect of fast neutrons on the chromosomes of Trade- scantia. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 26: 567-575. 1940. Heimscu, C., Jr. Wood anatomy and pollen morphology of Rhus and allied genera. Jour. Arnold Arb. 21: 279-291, 3 pl. 1940. Jounston, I. M. The floristic significance of shrubs common to North and nas American deserts. Jour. Arnold Arb. 21: 356-363. 1940. ————. Gypsophily among Mexican desert plants. Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: 145-170. 41. ———— New phanerogams from Mexico, IV. Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: 110-124. 1941, ———— Preparacion de ejemplares botanicos para herbario. Traducido del Inglés al Castellano por H. R. Descole y C. A. O’Donell. Tucuman. 1941. 1-49, 6 pl. ———— EI significado floristico de tos arbustos comunes a los desiertos norte y sudamericanos. Revis. Argent. Agron. 8: 114-121. 1941. ———— Studies in the Boraginaceae, XV. Notes on some Mexican and Central American species of Cordia. Jour. Arnold Arb, 21: 336-355. 1940. Kosusk1, C. E. A brief glossary of the more common botanical and horti- cultural hides Arnold Arb. Bull. Pop. Inf. iv. 8: 37-56. 1940. ———_— e Oleaceae of New Guinea collected by L. J. Brass. Jour. Arnold a 21: 328-335. 1940. ———— Studies in the Theaceae, VI. The genus Symplococarpon Airy- Shaw. ia Arnold Arb. 22: 188-196. 1941, MerriL1, E.D. The Atkins Institution of the Arnold Arboretum, Soledad, Cieniuenos. Cuba. Arnold Arb, Bull. Pop. Inf. iv. 8: 65-74, pl. 8-10. 1940, ————— The same, abridged. Parks & Recreation 24: 246-251, 2 fig. 1941. ————_. e herb garden at the Harvard Botanic Garden. Herbarist 7 00, ee 1941. ——— A note on the dates of publication of Wight’s “Icones plantarum Indiae orientalis.” Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: 222-224, 1941. ———— Records of Indo-Chinese plants, II]. Jour. Arnold Arb. 21: 364-391. 1940. JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xx A simple change in name. Arnoldia1: 1-2. 1941. ——— & CHUN, Y. Additions to our knowledge of the Hainan flora, III. Sunyatsenia 5: 1-200, pl. 1-28, fig. 1-22. 1940. ——— ha erry, L. M. Plantae papuanae Archboldianae, III, IV, PF our. Arnold Arb. 21: 292-327, 1 fig., 511-527. 1940; 22: ee 253-270. 1941. Nicuots, C. Spontaneous chromosome aberrations in Allium. Genetics 26: 89-100, 1941. Parmer, E. J. & Pickens, A. L. A new form of Crataegus viridis L. netbe oaa Res. 4: 61. 1940. aup, H. M. Botanical problems in boreal America. Bot. 147-208, 209-248. 1941. ist of plants collected by H. F. Conn in Arctic America, 1938. 1941. Castanea 6: 8-10. — An old forest in Stonington, Connecticut. Rhodora 43: 67-71. Rev. 7: 1941, on, R. E. The history of land use in the Harvard 1941. Forest. a Forest Bull. 20: 1-64, 9 fig. Renper, A. Abies procera, a new name for A. nobilis Lindl. 42: 522-524. 19 Rick, C. M. On ins nature of x-ray induced deletions in Tradescantia chromosomes. Genetics 25: 466-482. 1940. Sax, K. The effect of radiation on chromosome structure. 1940. Soc. Yearbook 1940: 240-241. & O'Mara, J. G. Mechanism of mitosis in pollen tubes. Bot. Gaz, 102: — ae — NSON, . Differential sensitivity of cells to x-rays. Sw Am. Jour. Bot. 28: ie os 1941, SEELER, E. A monographic study of the genus Thyronectria. V., Jr. Jour. Arnold Arb. 21: 429-460, 5 pl. 1940. Two diseases of Gleditsia caused by a species of Thyronectria. 0. Jour. Arnold Arb. 21: 405-427, 4 pl. 194 SmituH, A. C. The American species of Hippocrateaceae. 341-555, 12 fig. ———— Nomenclatural notes on Araliaceae. Trop. Woods 66: 1-6. Rhodora Am, Phil. Brittonia 3: 1941. ———— Notes on Old World Hippocrateaceae. Am. Jour. Bot. 28: 438-443. ——— Stiding: of Pacific Island plants, I. 397-406. 1941. Studies of Papuasian plants, I, II. 941, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: —-——— Jour. Arnold Arb, 22: 60-80, 231-252. Smitu, E. C. Chromosome behavior in Catalpa hybrida Spaeth. Jour. Arnold Arb, 22: 219-221. 1941. Srurrock, D. Tropical fruits for Southern Florida and Cuba and their uses. Jamaica Plain, Mass. 132 pp. 8°. 1940. 1941] THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 597 Swanson,C. P. The distribution of inversions in Tradescantia. Genetics 25: 438-465. 1940. WYMAN, = sae rose species. Am. Rose Ann. 26: 46-48. 1941. —---- ries ; spring-flowering shrubs that in summer produce color- ful berries, House & Garden Sept. 1940, Sec. I: 29, 70-71, 6 fig. 1940. — s planted in America. Trees Mag. 3(4): 7, 13-14, 3 fig. 1940; ay’ 4c): 14, 16-17, 3 fig. 1941. ns w hybrid crabapples. Nat. Hort. Mag. 20: 52-54. 1941, —_—— : pad more oriental crabapples. Nat. Hort. Mag. 20: 132-135, 2 fig. 1941, ————. The handsome honeysuckles. House & Garden Oct. 1940, Sec. I: 32-33, 80-81, 9 fig. 1940. —— The hacdiiees map. Am. Rose Ann. 26: 117-119. 1941. ———— A hardiness map for the United States. Arnold Arb. Bull. Pop. Inf. iv. 8: 61-64, pl. 7. 0. — Ha rdiness zones in the United States. Parks & Recreations 23: 507-510. 1940. ———— Laburnum alpinum. Parks & Recreation 24: 301-302. 1941. Rhododendron injury. Arnoldia 1: 33-36, pl. 2. 1941. ———— Shrubs; upwards of a hundred flowering shrubs and vines will flourish in dense or semi-shade. House & Garden Aug. 1940, Sec. I 40-41, Sec. II: 41, 43, 7 fig. 1940. ———— 1941 sources for rare woody plants. Arnoldia 1: 5-18; Supple- mentary list, 21-28. 1941. ———— Various forms of the Japanese yew. Horticulture 19: 51-52, 3 fig. 1941. ———— The white flowering Rhodora. Arnoldia 1: 3-4. 1941. ———— Winter injury and serious pests to be fought now. Arnoldia 1: 3740. 1941 598 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xx Staff of the Arnold Arboretum, 1940—41 ELMER Drew Me_rriLt, S.D., LL.D., Arnold Professor of Botany and Director. Joun GEorcE Jack, Assistant Professor of Dendrology, Emeritus. ALFRED REHDER, A.M., Associate Professor of Dendrology and Curator of the Herbarium, Emeritus. JoserH Horace Fautt, Ph.D., Professor of Forest Pathology, Emeritus. Irvinc WipM_ER Balrtey, S.D., Professor of Plant Anatomy. Kart Sax, Ph.D., Professor of Cytology. Pau CuristopH MAnceELsporr, S.D., Professor of Botany. ALBERT CHARLES SMITH, Ph.D., Curator of the Herbarium. Ivan Murray JOHNSTON, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Botany. Hucu MItter Raup, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Plant Ecology. CLARENCE EMMEREN Kopsusk1, Ph.D., Assistant Curator of the Herbarium. DonaLp Wyman, Ph.D., Horticulturist. ERNEST JESSE PALMER, Collector and Research Assistant. CAROLINE KATHRYN ALLEN, Ph.D., Assistant in the Herbarium. Lity May Perry, Ph.D., Technical Assistant. LEon Croizat, J.D., Technical Assistant. JANET RYTHER SELLARS, A.B., Librarian. VLADIMIR CONSTANTIN Asmous, A.B., Assistant Librarian. SusAN DELANO McKELVvEY, A.B., Research Assistant. CoNnSTANCE MANSFIELD GILMAN, Business Secretary. Louts Victor SCHMITT, Superintendent. WILLIAM HEnry Jupp, Propagator 1941] INDEX 599 INDEX Synonyms are printed in italics; new names in bold-face type. Acronychia elliptica, 56 —- gonio a, -- melicopoies, 57 Additions to our knowledge of the figs of New Guinea, 81 Agrostis asperula, 213 Alchornea Mairei, 429 LLEN, OL Studies in the Lauraceae, III, Sone critical and new species of Asiatic Lindera, with occa- sional notes on Litsea, 1 Ampelocissus acetosa, 375 Anatomy of the node and internode, The comparative morphology of the Icaci- naceae I, 125 Andropogon Bequaerti, 137 eres Brassii, 239 — myrtifolia, 238 Anulocaulis Ison 156 A perula assamica, 1, 2 eee sec eeth 164 s, 16 secon, Plantae Papuanae, 32, 253, 375, 529 ae chrysops, 574 Arnold Arboretum aiane the fiscal year ended June 30, 1941, The, 582 Arnold Arboretum, Staff of the, 598 Aspalathus Chamlagu, 577 Atriplex reptans, 111, 156 Bartey, I. W. & R. A. Howarp. The cs apea morphology of the Icaci- ceae, I, meer of the node and interno 125 h ipa morphology of the ees II, Vessels, 171 Baitey, I. W. & R. A. Howarp. The comparative morphology of the Icaci- naceae III. Imperforate tracheary ele- ments and xylem parenchyma, 432 — The comparative morphology of the Icacinaceae IV. Rays of the sec- ondary — Baitey, I. W. & A. C. Smiru. Brassi- antha, a new genus of Hippocrateaceae from New Guinea, 389 pretis ice 143 —lanceolatum, 143 Perea ite ang 9 Benzoin commu os puoi 15 — urophyllum, Berberis chagrin Bibliography the pga? writings of the staff and eras July 1, 1940 —June 30, 194 Brass, L. J. ed 39 Expedition to the Snow chia Netherlands New Guinea, 271, 297 Brassiantha, a new genus of Hippocra- teaceae from New Guinea, 389 Brassiantha, 389 — pent Ta, 390 Buchanania ona 535 — heterophy Sonate 531 — macrocarpa, = 600 Buchanania macrophylla, 534 is, 529 — solomonensis, 530 — Versteeghii, 531 Callitriche signa 258 Calogyne pilosa, 388 phyllum = 352 gii, 345 Campnosperms auriculata, 535 — Brassii, 535 — cnncrophyila: 534 — montana, 533 Caragana age igs 576 — chinensis, 577 — rates ussuriensis, 577 — sinica Carya es 571 — illinoénsis, 571 — olivaeformis, 571 — Pecan, 571 — tetraptera, 571 Catalpa yb Spaeth, Chromosome behavi Cayratia phe 378 — japonica, 379 — lineata, 379 — fusco-lanata, 379 — megacarpa, 379 Celastrus novoguineensis, 260 — raha 254 oa en 430 — ton nse, 429 Cephalotaxus Buergeri, 570 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. xxu Cephalotaxus drupacea, 570 — — fastigiata, 570 -- aisle tae 569 —— pe 569 s, 571 — — sphaeralis, 570 — koraiana, 570 — koreana, 571 — nana, 571 — pedunculata, 569 osome . in Catalpa hy- brida Spae Cissus canny es — adnata, 376 — assamica, 377 — conchigera, 376 — grandifolia, 378 — hypoglauca, 378 — indica, 376 — lineata, 379 — — fusco-lanata, 379 — megecarpa, 3 —- oe 378 simplex Clavistylus us 426 — nutans, 575 — nor — — Roy ee i, Cleyera, a in the Theaceae, VII, The American species of the genus, 395 — cernua, 404 — costaricensis, 410 — Ekmani, 401 — elegans, 465 1941] Cleyera integrifolia, 401 — revolu — serrulata, 4 — Skutchii, 408 — syphilitica, 401 — tacanensis, 40 — ternstroemioides, 416 — theaeoides, 413 — vaccinioides, 415 Comparative erie of the Icacina- ceae, I, ried of the node and internode, The, Comparative ie of the Icacina- ae, II, Vessels, The, 171 Comparative morphology of the Icacina- ceae III, Imperforate tracheary ele- ments and xylem parenchyma, The, 432 Comparative morphology of the Icacina- ceae IV, Rays of the secondary xylem, The, 556 Corynocarpus australasica, 541 reson eet Florae sre 7, A note on the d of issue ie the fascicles comprising, 455 Croizat, Leon. A discussion of new and critical synonym 33 — The tribe Plukenetiinae of the Eu- phorbiaceae in eastern tropical Asia, 417 _ Crypteronia Cumingii, 270 Cymbopogon Bequaerti, 137 INDEX 601 Dalea filiciformis, 159 Dalrymplea javanica, 547 — pomifera, 546 Daphnandra novoguineensis, 251 Daphnidium pulcherrimum, 20 Dicranocarpus parviflorus, 164 Dillenia alata macrophylla, 498 — auriculata, 501 Ol — macrophylla, 498 Discussion of new and critical synonymy, A, 133 Drimyspermum Perrottetianum, 265 Drymaria elata, 1 — lyropetala, 157 Duabanga moluccana, 269 tra micranthum, 257 um, 256 cae perien 267 Eroteum, 459 — albo- puntiaiaaa 399 — hirsutum, 479 — subintegrifolium, 476 13 Euonymus Maackii lanceolata, 578 Euphorbia astyla, 159 — Fen i, 133 — — dissimilis, 133 _ ica, Euphorbiaceae in eastern tropical Asia, The tribe Plukenetiinae of the, 417 Eurya § Cleyera, 39 — §Freziera, 459 — calophylia, 474 — candicans, 492 — cordata, 462 602 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM Eurya oo 487 — Ekman — ferru — Fri edrichthalona, 471 —— su lpn a 482 — roraimensi nee — — sericea, 482 — —chrysophylla, 494 _ 472 — suberosa, 4 ~- bei, 476 — syphilitica, 402 oo See a. 416 — theoides, 414 — undulata, 464 — vaccinioides, 415 — verrucosa, 475 — Wawrai, 483 — yungasia, 487 Evodia asteridula, 41 — Bonwickii, 39 eata, 39 — iileevana a aceae 38 — eriophylla, 38 Evodia cer aeriea 41 iga 4 — pena 40 a ensis, 45 Radlkoferiana, 41 — rosea, 36 — silvatica, 44 — simulans, olo sen = oa Rperieeieiny — vitiflora, 40 Fagara Rhetsa, 33 — vari 2 Fendlera rigida, 112 Ficus ee 93 — androbrota, 90 — Ar ehbolaiana, 84 — arfakensis, 100 — gymnorygma, 107 — Hahliana, 99 1941] Ficus hololampra, 93 — longepedunculata, 96 hynch — See 89 — ae 91 6 — eee 85 — sclerotiara, 8 — a ra 107 — septica, y Oo oa =s wn o = & oO oO Flacourtiaceae (Pangieae-Hydnocarpi- nae) from tropical Queensland, A new genus of, 143 INDEX Flaveria anomala, 165 Flindersia chrysantha, 59 — Schottiana, 58 Fouquieria Shrevei, a Frankenia gypsophila, 603 Freziera, Studies in a iets VIII. A synopsis of the genus, 45 Freziera, 459 — angulosa, 466 ~- arbutttolia, 480 — Karsteniana, 484 anata, 487 — lancifolia, 478 — Lehmannii, 474 — longipes, 473 — macrophylla, 469 — mexicana, 402 — monzonensis, 496 — nervosa, 474 — nimanimae, 411 — Parva, 485 604 Freziera Perrottetiana, 464 — reticulata, 481 —— sri ey 482 — roraim s, 490 Riehl aa 483 — — undulata, 464 — — 492 — sericea, —— aie 494 — sericea, 492 mit a, 47 — 472 — subero = a, 476 — ternstroemioides, 416 — theoides, 413 — tomentosa, 486 — undulata, 460, 464 — yungasia Gaillardia fone 166 Garcinia angustifolia, 355 — Archboldiana, 3 — balimensis, 360 — | 361 ana, 3 — Lauterbachiana, 361 — macrantha, 359 — novo-guineensis, 354 — rhynchophylla, 362 rade 6 > — Schraderi, 365 Gypsophily among Mexican plants, 14 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM desert [VOL. XXII Gyrinops Ledermannii, 264 Haploesthes Greggii, 168 — multiflora, 170 — — texana, 169 — robusta, 121 Hedycarya solomonensis, 231 Hemistemma Banksii, 497 Henslovia Cumingii, 270 Hibbertia Banksii, 497 Hicoria Pecan, 571 Hicorius pecan, 571 sy from New Guinea, iantha, a new genus of, 389 Perr congestiflora, 64 — Hellwigii, 61 — novo-guineensis, 62 — pachycarpa, 64 — aia 63 — trifida, 6 — eee, 62 Howarp, R. A. & I. W. Barrey. The ssneeaiie are of the Icaci- naceae, I, i tomy of the node and internode — The Sate a of the Icacinaceae II, Vesse 1 The comparative Oe of the Icacinaceae III, Imperforate tracheary elements and xylem parenchyma, 432 — The comparative morphology of the Icacinaceae oe of the sec- ondary xylem, 5 Hypericum La 343 Icacinaceae, I, Anatomy of the node and e, ee comparative morphol- ogy ie the, Icacinaceae ifs Vesel, a comparative morphology of the, Icacinaceae III, ae tracheary ments and xylem parenchyma, The semen morphology of the, 432 Icacinaceae IV, Rays of the secondary xylem, The comparative morphology of the, 556 Idenburgia elaeocarpoides, 233 — pauciflora, 234 Ilex scabridula, 258 — Versteeghii, 259 1941] INDEX Imperforate tracheary elemen and Lettsomia Dombeyana, 486 xylem parenchyma, e ate — lanata, 487 morphology of the Icacinaceae III, 432 — longipes, 473 Isomerocarpa, 250 — tomentosa, 486 — nov neensis, 251 Isotrema chrysops, 574 Jounston, IvAN M. Gypsophily among exican desert plants, 145 — ts inannlca ter from Mexico, IV, 110 Juglans alba pacana, 571 — angustifolia, te — cylindrica, — illinoinensis, a — olivaeformis, 571 Kelleria patula, Kibara Arc cee 240 — elongata, — Inamoena, 241 _ ae 240 —- — figidifo tia KosuskI, aa E. Studies in the Theaceae, VI, Pe van Symplococar- pon Airy-Shaw — Studies in the aoe VII, The American species of the genus Cleyera, 395 — Studies in the Theaceae, VIII. A synopsis of the genus aaa 457 oneal Archeriana, 268 Lauraceae I, Some peat and new peci Laurus Nacus Ledebow’s “Flora Rossica,” ‘Icones plantarum novarum,” and “Flora — candicans, 492 Leucophyllum candidum, 120 — griseum, 11 — pruinosum, 119 Levieria nitens, 232 arvifoli — parvifolia, 233 — ee 232 Lindera, ith occasional 605 notes Litsea, a in the Lauraceae, a ew a and new specie siatic ci: Popes 30 — angustifolia, 8 po wn a rs 3 . _ 5 P Fan — floribunda, 28 — glauca, 8 — kwangtungensis, 2 — — rob 3 — latifolia, 7 — Laureola, — longipedunculata, 6 — Meissneri, 2 wangtungensis, 2 — — lenticellata, 2 — membranacea, 13 — Metcalfiana, 3 — Nacusua, 9 axiana, 9 — pedunculata, 11 of 606 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM Lindera Playfairii, 29 — pulcherrima, 20 — Stewardiana, 26 — spec., 12 a dutta. 12 — strychnifolia, 28 — Hemsleyana, 25 — tonkinensis, 20 — umbellata, 1 — — hypoglauca, 14 — — latifolia, 17 — an ; Litsea, Studies in the Lauraceae, III, Some critical and new species of Asi atic Lindera, with occasional on, Litsea Merrilliana, 11 yfairii , 386 — sntin ntha, 3 — succulenta, 386 , 386 Loeselia Savardit 160 Lonicera codonantha, 578 — Myrtillus cyclophylla, 579 notes [voL. xx Mallotus, New — of, 204 Mallotus apelta, — kwangsiensis, 204 — sofia alse congestus, 206 0 — Croizatianus, Dunnii, — lotingensis, — philippensis reticulatus, 207 — reticulatus, 20 — Rox eskinats glabra, 205 — spec., 204 Mangifera inocarpoides,, 532 inor, 53 Mestiabletul rae 426 — malaccense, unnanense, 426 coriacea, — heterophylla, 48 — macrophy — mucr : — novo-guineensis, 48 — parvifolia, 45 — pe rspicuinervia, 50 7 — sterrophylla, Meliosma Schlechteri, 262 MeErrILL, E note on the dates of issue of the fascicles comprising Cos- son’s “Illustrationes Florae Atlanti- cae” 1882-1897, — A note on the dates of publication of Wig “Tcones plantarum Indiae Orientalis,” 222 MERRILL, D. & L. M. Perry. Ob- servations on old - species of Turpinia Ventenat, —— ieagre Papuanae fanny ee 32, 253, 3 2 METCALF, "Pans P. New species of Mallot Momo a pot nori sp. nov., The source of the Chinese - han kuo, 197 Muhlenbergia villiflora, 155 1941] Muwnoz, Cartos. Relchela panicoides Steudel, Gramineae endemica en Chile 209 Morritt, Wiruiam A. & Ernest J. oo A new willow from Florida, Myristica Archboldiana, 73 72 nsii, 78 — hispidum gypsicola, 162 — Purpusii, 161 _ iidakers velutina, 162 — Stewartii, 114, 161 Neolitsea Sten 29 ubcaudata, 23 Nees Caton 158 — gracilis 7 — incana, ie — linearifolia, 158 Netherlands New Guinea, The 1938-39 Expedition to the Snow Mountains, 271, 297 New genus of Flacourtiaceae (Pan- gieae- lie rom_ tropical Queensland, A, 14 New Guinea, fe to our knowl- ntha, a new genus of Hippocrateaceae from, 389 New phanerogams from Mexico, IV, 110 New Species of Mallotus, 204 INDEX 607 New species, varieties and combinations rom the collections of the Arnold Arboretum, 569 New willow from Florida, A, 579 NIcHOLS, CHARLES, JR. & E MERS Species inybee H in forest 443 Note on the dates of issue fascicles comprising Cosson’s. “Titus. serge Florae Atlanticae”’ 1882- bf Note on ee dates of publication of ight’s “Icones plantarum Indiae Orientalis,” A, 222 Notholaena bryopoda, 154 Observations on old. world species of Turpinia Ventenat, 543 PALMER, Ernest J. & Wuttam A. Morritr. A _ new willow from rida, 580 Palmeria arfakiana, 245 ce , 249 Panicum fe tna Papuasian Plants, ae. of, 60, 231, ’ Parasponia rigida, 254 — simulans, 255 Parastemon Vercieestil: 256 Pentaphalangium Brassii, 372 — latissimum, 370 — pachycarpum, 371 — solomonense, 373 Pentaphragma are laa 384 Perityle Castillonii, 1 Perrottetia iraumaiophyl, 261 Perry, L. M. and E. D. Merri b- servations on old ae species of Turpinia Ventenat, 543 — Plantae Peace Archboldianae, 32, 253, 375 Petalonyx crenatus, 160 Petrogenia, 116 — repens, 116 Phacelia gypsogenia, 163 608 Phaleria Perrottetiana, 265 — subcaudata, 265 Phyllocharis subcordata, 387 Plantae Papuanae Archboldianae, 32, 253, 375, Plukenetia corniculata, 425 Plukenetiinae of the Euphorbiaceae in eastern tropical Asia, The tribe, 417 Podocarpus coraianus, 570 — koraiana, 570 Prinsepia uniflora serrata, 575 Pterococcus corniculatus, 425 — glaberrimus, 425 Quercus dilatata, 572 — floribunda, 572 — floribunda, 572 — lens insecata, 573 — iniata, 573 == wsifor insecata, 573 — — lac a, 573 — sessilis vs 573 Ramelia codonostylis, 431 REHDER, ALFRED. New species, varieties and combinations from the collections of the Arnold Arboretum, 569 Relchela panicoides Steudel, Gramineae e i ile, 209 Rhus Engleriana, 536 — panaciformis, 536 — retusa, 536 Rotala ot 268 Sakakia, 39 Salix eee 580 Salvia texana canescens, 118 Salviastrum canescens, 118 — texanum canescens, 118 Senicula ‘canadensis genuina, 134 Sartwellia Flaveriae, 168 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. xx Sartwellia humilis, 167 — mexicana, 16 — puberula, 167 Saurauia albiflora, 506 — nate * — arc Be areas 514 — belensis, 50 — Brassii, 512 — calyptrata, 503 — capitulata, 521 — congestiflora, 519 — Dielsiana, 510 — eburnea, 5 — excurrens, 503 — eximia, 5 — fimbriata, 508 —-holotricha, 51 , 510 — idenburgensis, 513 Kaje ii, 511 — macrantha, 507 — occulta, 523 — pleurotricha, 521 — rosea, 509 — rubrisquamata, 504 — Schumanniana, 509 — sterrolepida, 515 — tafana, 51 Schuurmansia Bamleri longifolia, 524 — coriacea, 525 — grandiflora, 527 — longifolia, 524 — montana, Selinocarpus Purpusianus, 156 Semecarpus dae iene jana, 541 — brachystachys, 54 — decipiens, 539 — rostrata, 538 sf C. Studies of Papuasian Plants, 60, 231, 343, 497 —& I. W. Batrey. Brassiantha, a new genus of Hippocrateaceae from New Guinea, 389 SmiTH, E. CHALMERS. Chromosome be- havior in Catalpa hybrida Spaeth, 219 1941] SmitH, E. CHALMERS & CHARLES NicuHots, Jr. Species hybrids in forest trees, 443 now Mountains, Netherlands New rea The 1938-39 Expedition to the, 2 297 Solidago ais decemflora, 136 — — longipetiolata, 136 Sonneratia ovata, 269 Species hybrids in forest trees, 443 Sphaerostylis anomala, 430 — Frieseana, 430 Sporobolus Nealleyi, 155 Staphylea indica, 380 Wi1amM T. Ledebour’s “Flora Rossica,” “Icones Plantarum nova- ands Itaica,” with allas’ “Flora Rossica,” 225 Penieeiatn er 236 — ilicifolia — insignis, a — Schumanniana, 235 Studies in the Lauraceae, III, Some criti- cal and new species of Asiatic Lindera, with occasional notes on Litsea, 1 Studies in the Theaceae, VI, The genus Symplococarpon Airy-Shaw, 188 igre in the Theaceae, VII, The Ameri- n species of the genus Cleyera, 395 Sis in ins Theaceae, VIII, A synop- s of the genus Freziera, 4 iidies of cage ian Plante 343, 497 SUMMERHAYES, V. S. Additions to our oof of the figs of New Guinea, 60, 231, Bs WaLtTER T. Momordica Gros- ori sp. nov., The source of the Chinese lo han kuo, 1 eee Airy-Shaw, Studies in the Thea , VI, The genus, 188 ie ae 188 — Airy-Shawianum, 190 i — Saker INDEX 609 Symplococarpon Hintoni, 190 — multiflorum, 1 pusii, 19 Taxus Harringtonia, 569 — eats 569 — Sin 5, 569 epee 53 — ichingy fe —o = sppositifai, 54 olia, 54 hultzei i oneee 54 — eubiana, 54 Ternstroemia albo-punctata, 399 — Purpusii, 191 — serrulata, 407 — syphilitica, 401 Tetractomia, 53 — lanceolata, 54 — Lauterbachiana, 55 lia, 54 zei Leodhecdt 54 — Tr a lana, 54 Tetranthera bifaria, 9 — pulcherrima, ‘20 Tetrastigma Lauterbachianum, 376 ullei, 375 Theaceae, VI, The genus Symplococar- 8 co = Oo _ Co eens rma ramosius, 165 cabridulum, 165 ae PEE 429 — involucrata, 429 — natalensis, 430 Tragiella anomala, 430 — Frieseana, 430 — natalensis, 430 Triceros cochinchinensis, 551 610 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM his skin 397 — mext , 402 Turciois gan ating Observations on old world species of, - Turpinia affinis, — cochinchinensis, * — gracilis, 55 escens, 548 — nepalensis, 55 nitida, 549 — ovalifolia, 549 — pachyphylla, 549 ana, 554 —_ caer 547 — terna [VoL. xx Turpinia Versteeghii, 554 Velleia spathulata, 387 Ventilago papuana, 263 Ve pa he comparative morphology of e Icacinaceae II, 171 — hypoglauca, 378 — japonica, 379 Wahlenbergia confusa, 383 — gracilis, 384 Wuitr, C. T. A new genus of Fla courtiaceae (Pangie ni a ROE from tropical Queensland, 14 Wikstroemia venosa, 266 Wormia auriculata, 501 Ss s, 500 — cn 498 — nitida, 499 Kanthorivines novo-guineensis, 354 Zanthoxylum conspersipunctatum, 33 — dimorphophyllum deminutum, 577 — Dominianum, 32 — montanum, 552 — Rhetsa, 33