JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY EDITORIAL BOARD A. C. SMITH, Editor P. C. MANGELSDORF I. W. BAILEY E. D. MERRILL J. H. FAULL H. M. RAUP I. M. JOHNSTON A. REHDER C. E. KOBUSKI K. SAX VOLUME XXV JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS. 1944 Reprinted with the permission of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University KRAUS REPRINT CORPORATION 1968 DATES OF [ISSUE 1-131, 6 pl.) issued January 15, 1944. 133-270, 3 pl.) issued April 15, 1944, . 271-405, 12 pl.) issued July 15, 1944, 407-521. 7 pl.) issued October 16, 1944. Printed in U.S.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS STUDIES IN THE MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA. By Aui-Lin Li ....... PLANTS OF COAHUILA, EASTERN CHIHUAHUA, AND ADJOINING ZACA- TECAS AND DURANGO Ll. By Jean MM. Johnstot gauiag i.e ek eee ces A New CoMBINATION IN ASIMINA. By Alfred Rehder and IVilliam A. TIGNIOI Nope cree ate yl he. + & Se ak. OR w Os EA 5 A Oe es toe THE PHILIPPINE, CHINESE, AND INDO-CHINESE SPECIES OF THE GRASS GeNus GARNOTIA BronGniart. With two plates and one text-figure. a Rk EF POR 6 boy po VGA y bw 4d es aR KE HE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE WHINTERACEAE, II]. Woop. Witton pinresee i oh. i, Baiey 96 oss oo eos oeon. Pe eee eee STUDIES OF PAPOASIAN PLANTS, VI: By A.C. Sintili «cage ees sa 6% STUDIES IN THE SIMAROUBACEAE, I, THE GENUS CASTELA. By Arthur CC FOUTS oe re SE 2 « a5 eo ad ces o's a ECAR ee ee eee SCHISANDRA MicHaux, NOMEN (GENERICUM CONSERVANDUM. By FELT IE) eee Sb 206 doe 6 wn ds A oe eR ee ae PLANTS OF COAHUILA, EASTERN CHIHUAHUA, AND ADJOINING ZACA- TECAS AND DuraAnoo, V. By Ivan M. Johnston occ. ccc eens PLANTAE PAPUANAE ARCHBOLDIANAE, XIV. By F. D. Merrill and 1 M 18 (iratg\ MP PO ae sociated 2 2 f5ns, Hee, Ree State: 67 ahve) 'd) erly atc eo ee ADDITIONS TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE FLoRA OF HAINAN. By Hui-Lin LAE highs ORR ME Miia Re EG a ee Pdr et ack 4h Sag ck SEs Bet AG THE COMPARATIVE MoRPHOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAE, [V, ANATOMY oF THE NODE AND VASCULARIZATION OF THE LEAF. With three plates. By 2. aie ane Harlolie G,. INASE ois cw en oa one ee StupiFs OF PAPpUASIAN PLANTs, VI. (Continued). By 4. C. Smith STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTs, VI. (Concluded). By 4. C. Samuth New or NotewortHy PLANTS FROM SOUTHWESTERN CHINA. By Hut- Pea Peas hes vod ik oo SoS ESS ENERGY ERAS ee ea A Revision oF DistyLIUM AND Sycopsis (HAMAMELIDACEAE). With FOWE tex Neutes:. By Looper Hl. Wailer sy oscas cere ene eee es THE CoMPARATIVE MorPHOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAE, V. FOLIAR EPIDERMIS AND SCLERENCHYMA, With three plates. By /. WV’. Bailey One Oi ote G. NGSE 5 62594 P42 4h i's0 5 6d eee eee eae. REVISION DEL GENERO ONoseRIS. With nine plates. By Ramon PBR re oa ere oe rae eke hs KO Reb yee Sees ie?) mn 129 206 215 eee fas 299 319 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON THE ADVENTIVE AND WEED FLORA OF THE Lrewarp Coasts or Fiji. By William Greenwood ............004. 97 THE GROUP OF SELAGINELLA OREGANA IN NortH AMERICA. With two plates. By C,.A. Weainerdy oc viccssavsvcsweneiveri¥errweevedan’ 407 Notes ON THE FLORA OF SOUTHERN CHINA. By Hui-Lin Li .......... 420 PLANTS OF COAHUILA, EASTERN CHIHUAHUA, AND ADJOINING ZACA- TECAS AND DurRANGO, IV. By Ivan M. Johnston 2.0.0.0. 00 ces 431 THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAE, VI. VASCULAR ANATOMY OF THE FLOWERING SHOOT. With four plates and one text- figure. By Charlotte G. Nast ...... cc ccc ccc cence ence nce en tenes 454 EFFECT OF SEED WEIGHT AND SEED ORIGIN ON THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT oF EASTERN WuitTeE Pine. With one plate and two text-figures. By RL 2, Bes ae | 2. 5 aa aa a ae ae a eee ae 467 PUBLICATION-DATES OF GAUDICHAUD’S BOTANY OF THE VOYAGE OF THE Bowie. By leek M. JOntHOW cia s ven cade chew esas ehekaw ks dneek is 481 THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM DURING THE FIscaAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1944 488 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE PUBLISHED WRITINGS OF THE STAFF AND STU- DENTS, JULY 1, 1943 - JUNE 30, 1944 ... 0... occ cee ee eee 497 STAFF OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM, 1943-44 2000000. 501 INDE Sicpebe ce 69-0 Baccats ae-b brerace suth'dnd pea peansara ev eceuyinc cto was etbla es eas 503 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM VoL. XXV JANUARY, 1944 NuMBER 1 STUDIES IN THE MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA! Hut-Lin Li In making identifications of recent collections of plants from southern and southwestern China, it was observed that much remained to be done in clarifying the classification of Chinese Melastomataceae. Consequently a review of the family as represented in China was undertaken, involving a study of all genera and species recorded from China and an examination of all available specimens and the published records. Many nomenclatural adjustments are made involving new synonyms and new combinations. A number of apparently hitherto undescribed species are noted. In some groups the generic limits appear to be sharply defined, while in others, especially the Oxysporeae and Sonerileae, difficulties are encountered be- cause of certain rather complex characters normally used in attempts to delimit genera. In these genera, complete flowering and fruiting specimens are indispensable in ascertaining the correct generic disposition of certain entities, and not infrequently species have been placed in wrong genera because of lack of adequate material. The accumulated collections now available, assembled through recent extensive botanical explorations in China, have provided us with ample material representing some of the pre- viously imperfectly known species, and it thus becomes possible to make more exact determinations. This study is based on the collections of the Arnold Arboretum (A), the Gray Herbarium (G), and the New York Botanical Garden (N). While all the known Chinese species of the family are accounted for, this paper is not intended to be a complete revision, for the reason that types of certain species have not been available for consultation because of war conditions. To the curators of the above-mentioned herbaria, I am indebted for their kindness in furnishing the material for this study. In addition to the several general monographic studies of the family published in the nineteenth century, there are several important papers 1Prepared with partial support of a grant from the Penrose Fund, American Philo- sophical Society, to Dr. E. D. Merrill to assist him in working up the accumulated collections of Chinese botanical material in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum. 2 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM | VOL, XXV treating various groups of the Melastomataceae of eastern Asia. In 1892, Stapf published a paper, “‘On the Sonerileae of Asia” (Ann. Bot. 6: 291- 320. 1892), in which he described two new genera from China, Fordiophy- ton and Gymnagathis. Guillaumin, in 1913, in a series of papers entitled “Contribution a l'étude des Mélastomacées d’Extréme-Orient” (in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 301-323. 1913, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 86-92, 273-276, 362-371, 401-406. 1913), treated various genera. He re-identified many of Léveillé’s Chinese species that had erroneously been ascribed to the iaacemeiaaiias and provided a complete list of the species of eastern own at that time, with keys to the genera and species. Diels’ “Beitriige zur Kenntnis der Melastomataceen Ostasiens” (Bot. Jahrb. 55: 97-119. 1932) considered the species of Oxysporeae a Sonerileae, and he described many new species and one new genus, Cypotheca, from China In these two tribes Diels’ arrangement has here been accepted, with occa- sional new names and transfers. Keys to the species of the genera in these groups have been prepared only as the addition of new species indicates this as desirable. KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES AND GENERA OF CHINA A. Ovary usually 4- or 5-celled; ovules very many; fruits many-seeded; embryo very small. B. Anthers opening by a single terminal pore; placentas — ee ee eee bis anda BE Opals PEP WE AE EM ba OU a EPO Re od eke 9S sae MELASTOMATOIDEAE. BB. Anthers opening by slits; placentas parietal, nearly er Saag ie ay eae peers ap pede os ea Say eae sith aes nes we onsen ee ak ga Ae ene a I. ASTRONIOIDEAE. AA. sa 1-celled; ovules about 9; placentas free central; fruits 1-seeded; embryo Var Oe sisters cbs sstie o50 Kelas Baas Who kage ae dP ee es . MEMECYLOIDEAE. Subfamily I. MELASTOMATOIDEAE A. ses curved through half a circle, minutely punctate (Tribe a AE). . Stamens all alike; ie dry, tardily dehiscent. ................. . Osbeckia. B Stamens very unequal; fruits somewhat fle ed indehiscent. ....2. ey nian AA. Seeds eda oblong, obovate, or aaa not cu B uits capsular, loculicidally econ with the top usually Ha ‘and conical; inflorescences terminal or axillary, the flowers arranged in panicles, cymes, or fascicles, never scorpi- oid (Tribe OxysporEAE). D. Stamens 8, equal or unequal. Inflorescences pseudo-umbellate; connectives at the base of the anther gibbose or subcalcarate behind; fruits not ridged. ...... Seg Saeed oda ad ate each a he aes ayia er een erates Oa Hee 3. Plagiopetalum. FF. Inflorescences paniculate; connectives not Scale eis behind ; fruits strongly bel Cede eee Shae ne ge es de eyes . Allomorphia. EE. Stamens very unequa F. Connectives at mn slightly produced in front, not calcarate behind. G. Flowers pseudo-umbellate; connectives gibbose-thickened DODING. 64 ceccnass by ee a kee cia a veda aes ete Ds Cypotheca. GG. Flowers in large elongated panicles; connectives not gibbose- thickened behind. .......... 0.0.0.0. 0 ccc eee ee 6. Oxyspora. FF. Connectives at base bisetose in front, often calcarate paps: Nari hen. 1944 | LI, MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA 4} DD Stamens 4, equallteracuiesi toes ic cas Wes ae ae 8. CC Ovary flattened or oar at the top; inflorescences terminal, ste axillary, usually in umbels cymes, sometimes in panicles, in some cases scorpioid (Tribe Se in. D. Flowers 4-merous; stamens 8, rarely 4. _ Inflorescences in umbels, cymes, or panicles, the branches not scorpioid. F. Connectives at the base of the anthers 2-tuberculate in front, shortly calcarate behind. ............+-.-22-s2eeeees 9. Bredia FF. Connectives a - base af anthers inappendiculate or only slightly calcarate behi G. Anthers a attenuate, the tips of the anther-cells free and slightly i era connectives at the base of anthers often Galcarate bebInd.- 22). «c+ ave daw enero 10335 GG. Anthers usually attenuate, the anther-cells united to their very tips; connectives inappendiculate or shortly calcarate behind. . Stamens 8, Head unequal, or sometimes 4; connectives not calcarate beh in Anther-sacs ie at the base. ...11. Fordiophyton. Ee Anther-sacs not produced at the base. 12. eee . Stamens 8, a. or subequal; connectives usually short- sence behinds 0.45.2 vaca Sinan 13. Det aice EE. Inflorescences in large eas the ultimate aeerr ek — Olde. = Abt CO on he Ie oer & corpiothyrsus. DD. ag 3-merous; stamens 3 or sometimes 6; ndorseenes in eg . Sonerila. Pe ne rer ec otter 16. Anplectrum. GG@eStamensrequale: 22308 Wa ceaces d0\' ain (aie adetincy oterer mal ere ece aber eenenCr ne 17. Medinilla. Subfamily II. AsTRONIOIDEAE 18. Pternandra. Subfamily II]. MEMECYLOIDEAE 19. Memecylon. 1. OSBECKIA Osbeckia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 345. 1753. Although nine species of Osbeckia are credited to China, I can recognize Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 401, 402. 1913) records Osbeckia rostrata D. Don and O. capitata Benth., two Indian species, as occurring in Kweichow and Yunnan respectively. I have seen no Chinese specimens referable to these species and suspect that the plants designated as O. capitata Benth. by Guillaumin are included within the concept of O. chinensis L. Key TO THE CHINESE SPECIES A. Sage on the calyx-tube stellate, pectinate, or branching. Anthers produced into a long beak; flowers 4-merous. Leaves narrow, less “than 1.5 cm. nod 4 Regia ee 1. O. chinensis. CC. Leaves wider, more than 2 cm. broad. Calyx covered with spreading stellate hairs. .............. . O. crinita. DD. Calyx covered with appressed stellate or cee hairs. .. o stellata. BB. Anthers attenuate upward, not beaked; flowers 5- merous. .... os ne palensts. AA. Hairs on the calyx-tube simple. ............ 0. e eee ee ee OF ee 4 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xxv 1. Osbeckia chinensis L. Sp. Pl. 345. 1753; Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 228. 1790, ed. Willd. 281. 1793; DC. Prodr. 3: 141. 1828; Hook. Bot. Mag. 69: t. 4026. 1843; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 115. 1861; Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 53. 1871; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 132. 1884; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 515. 1879; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 298. 1887; Guillaum. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 308. 1913, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 402. 1913, et in Lecomte, Fl Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 874. 1921; Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 5: 138. ot Picea Am. Philos. Soc. II. 24(2): 288. 1935; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 597. uPEH: I-chang, A. Henry 2320 (G); western eee E. H. Wilson 2483 (N); ) an Che-li Hsien, C. W. Wang 78710 (A), 79568 (A), pid (A); Mienning, 7. 7. Yu 17746 (A). Kwancst: Hin Yen, Yeo Mar Shan C. Ching 7255 (N); Yung District, Steward & Cheo 932 (G, N); Wait-sap ae W. T. Tsang 22733 (G). Krancst: Kiukiang, A. Allison 9 (G); Nanchang, 7. N. Hsiung 495 (G); between Ningtu and Ki-an, Wang-Te-Hui 499 (A); Fengcheng, Y. Tsiang 10254 (N); Anyi, Y. Tsiang oehi (N); Pai-shou District, ¥. W. Taa 5 (A); Kien-nan District, S. K. Lau 4314 (G Kwanctunc: Hongkong, C. tea s. n. (G, N); Canton, C. oo 1174 i 1422 (G), 3016 (A), _ pees 1799 (N); Lin District, C. O. [pee 4 (G); Wung-yuen District, S. K. 2364 (G); Yang-shan District, 7. M. Tsui o (N); Kao-yao District, S. ¥. Lau gee (N); Ma Hou i , Shih Wan Tai Shan, H. Y. Liang 69544 (A); Hwei-yang District, Lin Fa Shan, T. Tsang 25688 (A). Harnan: Fan Ta, F. A. McClure 9147 (A); Ching-mai les C. I. Lei 639 (N), 807 (N); Dung Ka, WN. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 43344 (N); Fan oe N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 44005 (G, N); Yaichow, H. Y. Liang 62350 (N), F. C. How 70636 (N); Lam-ko District, W. T. Tsang 15736 (N), 17021 (G). FUuKIEN: ati Hills, J. B. Norton 1335 (G); Amoy, H.H. Chung 6127 (A). Tropical Asia and Malaysia. A common species, readily distinguished by its narrow leaves. 2. Osbeckia crinita Benth. apud Wall. List no. 4066. 1829, nom. nud.; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 517. 1879; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Lian: Soc. Bot. 23: 299. 1887; Cogn. in DC. Manose, Phan. 7: 323. 1891; agen Bot. Jahrb. 29: 484. 1900; Dunn & Tutcher, Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 10: 10 6. 1912; Guillaum. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 308. 1913, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 402. 1913, et in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 871. 1921; Rehd. & Wils. in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 421. 1915; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: ia oo Hand.-Maz. Symb. in. 7: 597. 1933; Rehd. Jour. Arnold Arb. 15: 109. Osbeckia slat sensu Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Bot. 14: an 1850; Hance, Jour. Bot. 16: . 1878; non Wall. Osbeckia ar Benth. var. eagelsnipaess Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 324. 1891; Guillaum. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 308. 1913; H. Lév. Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 277. 1914, Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 176. oe Osbeckia yunnanensis Franch. ex Cogn. in DC. oo Phan. 7: 324. 1891, pro syn.; Craib, Notes Bot. Gard. "Edinb. 10: 57. ae Melastoma Mairei H. Lév. Repert. Sp. Nov. 11: as Osbeckia Mairei Craib, Notes Bot. pee Edinb. 10: Py 1917, syn. nov. Osbeckia robusta Craib, l.c., syn. n Hupen: Western ere E. H. ian 2558 (A, N). Hunan: Sin-ning District, C.S. Fan & Y. Y. 5 (A). Krancst: From Tsoongjen to Ihwang, Y. Tsiang 10001 (N); Ihwang, - pati 10034 a SzECHUAN: Kiating, E. H. Wilson 3260 Nae Mt. Omei, W. P. Fang 2300 (A), Y. S. Liu 1011 (A), T. C. Peng 191 (A), . Y. Chiao & S.C. Fan 38 (A); Han-yuan District: W. P. Fang 3766 (A). SIKANG: 1944] LI, MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA 5 Si-chang District, T. T. Yu 1223 (G); Ya-an, C. Y. Chiao 1208 (A). KwEICHow: Kweiting, Y. Tsiang 5358 (A, N); Tsung-yi District, Steward, Chiao & Cheo 37 (N); Hsufeng, Lan-won-san, S. W. Teng 90593 (A). YUNNAN: No precise locality, F. C. Schneider 2559 (G); Mengtze, A. Henry 9978 (N); Szemao, A. Henry 12458 (A, N); Tchouan-se-pa, E. E. Maire s. n. (holotype of Melastoma Mairei H. Lév. and Osbeckia Mairei Craib, photo. and merotype, A); west of Tali, J. F. Rock 6366 (G); west of Mekong, J. F. Rock 6972 (A); Pi-tsieh District, H. T. Tsai 52761 (A); Tali, H. T. Tsai 53889 (A); Ping-pien District, H. T. Tsai 62422 (A); Shang-pa District, H. T. Tsai 58936 (A); Kengma, T. T. Yii 17279 (A). KwancsI: Hin Yen, Tsin Hung Shan, R. C. Ching 6930 (N); Yung District, Steward & Cheo 919 (G, N); Wait-sap District, W. T. Tsang 22825 (G), 23264 (A); Ling-chuan District, W. T. Tsang 27864 (A); Kwei-lin District, W. T. Tsang 28098 (A); Pai-shou District, Y. W. Taam 28 (A). Kwanctunc: Lienchow River, C. Ford (Hongk. Herb.) 1782 (A); Lungtou Shan, Shaochow, H. Handel-Mazzetti 704 (A); Canton, C. O. Levine 1789 (G); Yang-shan District, T. M. Tsui 663 (A, N); Wung-yuen District, S. K. Lau 2239 (A); Loh-chang District, W. T. Tsang 20756 (N); Shih Wan Tai Shan, H. Y. Liang 69667 (A). Fuxren: Northern Fukien, near the Chekiang border, R. C. Ching India, Siam, Indo-China. Guillaumin refers all the Chinese specimens to Osbeckia crinita var. yunnanensis Cogn., which Craib recognized as a species, Osbeckia yunna- nensis Franch.; but I believe, with Handel-Mazzetti and Rehder, that there are no essential differences between the Indian and Chinese plants. Two of Craib’s species are here reduced to synonymy, one, Osbeckia Mairet Craib, on the strength of a photograph and fragments of E. E. Maire s. n. from the Edinburgh herbarium, and another, Osbeckia robusta Craib, on the basis of the description alone. The latter was based on G. Forrest 8561, of which I have seen no specimen. Craib’s description conforms to the characters of Osbeckia crinita Benth., which is widespread and more or less variable. 3. Osbeckia stellata Wall. List no. 4062. 1829, nom. nud.; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 517. 1879; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 185. 1924; Hand.- Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 597. 1933. Osbeckia crinita sensu Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Bot. 14: 72. 1850, non Benth. Y : data, H. T. Tsai 59000 (A), 61397 (A); Shang-pa District, H. T. Tsai 54607 (A), 58822 (A), 58884 (A); Salween-Kiukiang Divide, T. T. Yu 20374 (A). India, Siam. Many authors, including Guillaumin (in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 871. 1921), consider this species as synonymous with Osbeckia crinita Benth., but if the above determinations are correct, it is certainly different from the latter. Clarke (1. c.) has clearly pointed out the confusion that has existed and the difference between the two species. Osbeckia stellata Wall., as I interpret it here, differs from Osbeckia crinita Benth. chiefly in the hairs covering the calyx-tubes being appressed, stellate, or pectinate in the former and spreading, long-stalked, and stellate in the latter. 4. Osbeckia nepalensis Hook. f. Exot. Fl. 1: t. 31. 1823; DC. Prodr. 3: 142. 1828; Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 55. 1871; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 521. 1879; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 317. 1891; Guillaum. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 307. 1913, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 401. 1913, et in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 868. 1921; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 185. 1924. 6 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [ VOL. XXV YUNNAN: Mengtze, 4. Henry 11026 (A, N); Szemao, A. Henry 12309 (N); Luchang, G. Forrest 874 (A); from Pingpo to Youngchang aad Tengyueh, J. F. ae 7021 (N); between Tengyueh and Lungling, J. F. Rock 7092 (A); Chi-tze-lo, H. Tsai 54202 (A); Ping-pien District, H. T. Tsai 61505 (A); Che-li District, C.W. ae 79451 (A); no atk: M.K. 1i 1701 (A). Kwanocsr: Lin-yen, R. C. Ching 6762 (A). India, Siam, Indo-China. This is distinguished from the other Chinese species by its pentamerous flowers. ime 5. Osbeckia melastomatoides Merr. & Chun, pares 2: 293. 1931. Hatnan: Mo San Ling, N. K. Chun & C. o 44310 (1sotypE, A); Po-ting, F.C. How 72029 (A); no precise locality, C. Wong 34643 (N), 35035 (N), 35861 (A, N), H. Y. Liang 64180 (A, N), 64182 (A, N This is apparently an anomalous species. Merrill and Chun mention that “In general aspects this strongly resembles various Aig of Mela- stoma, but by its floral and fruit characters is an Osbeckia. It does not seem to be closely allied to any previously described form.” The straight seeds and the concave 4-valved fruit suggest the tribe Sonerileae but I cannot refer it to any genus of that tribe. The general appearance of the plant is strongly indicative of the Melastomatoideae. 2. MELASTOMA Melastoma Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 389. 1753. A. Calyx provided with simple appressed hai Young stems glabrous or with short omeanl hairs; leaves small, generally less than 5 cm. long; calyx-hairs appresse C. Leaves glabrous above or with a row af hairs along a margins only. .... sreeiay sane aeq teehee feta wae awe ne Ah eas Ap eoeeeverd Saeiare os .M. dodecandrum. CC. Leaves covered with short patent hairs all over a Calyx more or less densely covered with sit on teeth 9 x Ware a aie a8 pattly pt ete td F bed ewe ea eres geek ese ee sig intermedium. ee fe cas eee Ga ep ore es Waa eG a ave aa beeen Ee eOS "Ms uffruticosum. BB. Young stems densely or sparsely covered with long ee hairs, their bases spreading ; leaves large, 10-15 cm. long or more; calyx-hairs long, spreading. C. Hairs on young stems and an very dense; leaves densely hairy on both SULIACES. gates fas cages Spe 4 44a aan ate eee eee eee . M. penicillatum. CC. Hairs on young stems very sparse; leaves nearly glabrous beneath. ....... S aiauarslae: Rely gaa ye Od 515 Sra sheers Sais eedyare ete areas e oa ee esses 5. M. sanguineum. AA. ges provided with ava or iis branching or denticulate hairs. airs on stems long, ading; leaf-base narrow, rounded to acute, 3—5- nerved; calyx densely penta with long or scale-like denticulate hairs. ..... Pog ah SBA ewe Ges Go de Seder a Son ng Mp a Pate ts eens eudlay a aa veered « 6. M. normale. BB. Hairs on stems short, scaly, more or less appressed. C. Leaves densely long- oni beneath; leaf-base — 5—7-nerved ; JA calyx-hairs long, denticulate. ......... 0.000... eee ee 1. candidum. CC. Leaves short- pubescent ae leaf-base narrow, FR to attenuate, 3—5-nerved; calyx-hairs long or scaly. ................ 8. M. polyanthum. 1. Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 274. 1790, ed. Willd. 336. 1793; Hand. oa Symb. Sin. 7: 597. 1933; Merr. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. II. 24(2): 287. 19 Pe ci aie Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 4: 54. 1796; Hance, Jour. Bot. 7: 296. 1869; Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 58. 1871; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 113. 1861; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 300, 1887; Cogn. in DC. Monogr 1944] LI, MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA 7 Phan. 7: 344. 1891; Sea in mea Not. Syst. 2: 317. 1913, Bull. Soc. Bot France 60: 402. 1913, in ee e, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 886. 1921; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: ois KIANGSI: ee ae ee 0856 (N); Kien-nan District, S. K. Lau 3990 (A). KweicHow: Kweiting, Y. i ang 5437 (N); paren oe Tons 6594 (N). Hunan: Chang-ning pins Cx: n & Y. Y. Li 2 (G). ANGSI: South of Nanning, Ri Wan Tai Shan, R. C. ie 8022 (N); Yung a Steward & Cheo 735 (A, - Shang-sze District, Shih Wan Tai Shan, W. T. Tsang 22331 (A, G), 22496 (A). Kwasorvse Hon ee (Ok ees e 3566 (N), C. te s. n. (G, N), Hance 670 nae Ta-pu Dicerict. W. T. Tsang 21024 (A ea Lung-men District, W. T. Tsang 25346 (A); Hai-fung District, W. T. Tsang 25591 (A). FuxKren: Foochow, Dunn (Herb. Hongk.) 2705 (A); Kushan, H. H. Chung 3737 (A); Amoy, H. H. Chung 1703 (A), 4958 (A); Yenping, H H. H. Chung 2824 (A), 3465 (A), 3621 cae Kuliang, H. Chung 6433 (A). CuHexianc: Tientai Shan, C. Y. Chiao 1492 (N Indo-China. A common and distinct species, well characterized by its small ovate leaves, which are almost totally glabrous. In habit it is very unlike all of the other species, being a low spreading plant, while the others are all erect hrubs 2. Melastoma intermedium Dunn, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 38: 360. 1908; Guillaum. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 317. re Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 402. 1913; Chung, m. Sci. Soc. China 1: 185. 19 FuKIEN: Yengping, ue pee ee 2706 (1soTyPE, A); Foochow, Kuliang, J. B. Norton 1333 (G, A), H. H. Chung 6709 (A, N); Minchow, H. H. Chung 2745 (A). Known only from see Province. 3. Melastoma suffruticosum Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 14: 42. 1935. Kwancst: Nanning to Shang-sze, R. C. Ching 7771 (A). Haran: Ngai District, S. K. Lau 247 pageige: A); Kumyun, S. K. Lau 27841 (A); Yaichow, H. Y. Liang 62880 (A, N), N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 44797 (A, N). As yet Garacarded from elsewhere. 4. Mess penicillatum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Bot. 13: 280. 1849; Cogn. in nogr. Phan. 7: 346. eee i Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 3: 187. 1923; Merr. - Chun, ane 5: 145. Hat No precise locality, C. “aap 35716 (A, N), H. Y. Liang 64392 (N), 64761 Ne Yai Dace. Ss ie an 6321 (A); Bak Sa, S. K. Lau 25889 Nes Philippines. A distinct species, characterized by the dense, long, harsh, more or less purplish hairs covering the young branches and the calyces. 5. Melastoma sanguineum Sims, Bot. Mag. 48: ¢. 2241. 1821; DC. Prodr. 3: 145. 1828; Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 60. 1871; C. B. Clarke. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 524. 1879; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 300. 1887; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 185. 1924. pera decemfidum ae hae Beng. 90. 1814, nom. nud., Fl. Ind. 2: 406. ack, Trans. Linn. 14: 6. 1823; DC. Prodr. 3: 146. ee Benth. FI. ee 114. 1861; rile eh DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 345. 1891; Guillaum. in Lecomte, Not. Svst. 2: 315. 1913, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 402. 1913, et in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 883. 1921; Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 9: 138. 8 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xxv Shih Wan Tai Shan, R. C. Ching 7820 (A, N), 8051 (A), W. T. Tsang 22462 (A), 22522 (A), 23843 (A, N). Kwanctunc: Hongkong, C. Wright s. n. (G), E. Faber s.n. (N), C. S. Sargent s.n. (A), W. Y. Chun 5025 (A), Y. Tsiang 277 (A); 60023 (N); Wong Lan To, F. A. McClure 7189 (A); Kao-yao District, S. Y. Lau 20197 (N); Luichow, Pon-tan, ¥. Tsiang 2565 (A); Hwei-yang District, W. T. Tsang 25663 (A), 25811 (A). Hainan: No precise locality, C. Wang 32782 (N), 32799 (N), 34147 (N), 36117 (N), 36268 (N), H. Y. Liang 63333 (A, N), 64467 (N), 65032 (N); No odoa, F. A. McClure ies (A); Tan District, S. K. Lau 1077 (A, N); Chang- Po-ting, P. S. iv 62405 ve ne Ching-mai District, C. J. Lei 178 (N), 710 (N); Yaichow, - Y. Liang 62005 (N), 62405 (N), F. C. How & N. K. Chun 70267 (N) ; Dam-ka, N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 43420 (N); Lam-ko District, W. T. Tsang 15670 (A, N); Oe Area, Hung Mo Shan, Tsang, Tang & Fung 17588 (A, N). Indo-China, Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Borneo. 6. Melastoma normale D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 220. 1825; DC. Prodr. 3: 145. 1828; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 524. 1879; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 352. 1891; Guillaum. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 319. 1913, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 402. 1913, et in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 889. 1921; H. Lév. Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 227. 1914, Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 176. 1916; Rehd. & Wils. in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 2: 241. 1915; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 185. 1924; Merr. Lingnan Sci. ae 5: 138. 1927; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 596. 1933; Rehd. Jour. Arnold Arb. 15: 109. 1934. Melastoma Codalene H. Lév. Repert. Nov. Sp. 3: 21. 1906. Melastoma Esquirolii H. Lév. Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 61. 1910. SZECHUAN: No precise locality, A. Henry 8976 (G); E. H. Wilson 3259 (A, G), 4907 (A); banks of the Yangtze River, E. H. Wilson 3648 (A); Ki-kiang District, W. P. Fang 1292 (A), Lo-shan District, W. P. Fang 2286 (A). YuNNAN: No precise locality, G. Forrest 7510 (A), 9831 (A), H. T. Tsai 55842 (A); Mengtze, A. Henry 10954 (A, N); Manhao, H. Handel-Mazzetti 5846 (A); Kien-shuei District, H. = Tsai 53059 (A); Shih-ping District, H. T. Tsai 53358 (A); Ping-pien District, H. T. Tsai 55123 (A), 62127 (A); Lung-ling District, H. T. Tsai 55708 (A), 55781 (A); Pies ka, District, W. T. Tsang 21898 (A); Shang-sze District, W. T. Tsang 21993 (A), 22198 (A). Kwancrunc: Ting-wu Shan, W. Y. Chun 6294 (A); Tung-koon District, S. ¥. Lau 20008 (N); Tsing-yun District, Y. F. Chun 30481 (N); Chung-shan District, W.T. Tsang 19260 (N); Ho-yuen Disteiek, W.T. Tsang 28714 (A), 58635 (A). Formosa, Indo-China, Siam, Borneo, and the Philippines to the New Hebrides. In the herbarium this species is sometimes confused with Melastoma candidum D. Don. It may be distinguished from the latter by its long, spreading hairs instead of short, scaly, more or less appressed ones on the stem, and the narrow, rounded to acute instead of cordate leaf-bases. 7. Melastoma candidum D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 288. 1823; DC. Prodr. 3: 145. 28; Benth. in Hook. Kew Jour. Bot. 4: 116. 1852; Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 60. 1871; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 299. 1887; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 348. 1891; Guillaum. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 313. 1913, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 402. 1913, et in nie Fl]. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 880. 1921; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 184 Melasioma Septemnervium pea Fl. eer om 1790, ed. Willd. 335. 1793; Merr. Lingnan Sci. te . 5: 138. 1927, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. II. 24(2) + 287. 1935; non Jacq. (17 1944] LI, MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA 9 Melastoma macrocarpon sensu Benth. Fl. Hongk. 113. 1861, non D. Don. Kwanctunc: Hongkong, C. Wright s.n. (G, N), Ford s.n. (A), C. S. Sargent s. n. (A), W. T. Brigham s. n. (G); Kowlon, T. N. Liou 727 (N); Whampoa, S. Williams s. n. (G); Canton, C. O. Levine 783 (A, G); Ting-wu Shan, Levine & Groff 38 (A); Heung Shan, W. Y. Chun 12 (N); Kochow, Y. Tstang 2081 (N); Lofaushan, S. P. Ko 50048 (N); Ricans eeige S. Y. Lau 20271 (A, N); Ma Hou Ho, H. Y. Liang 69572 (A); Taai Ue Shan, W. T. Tsang 16528 (A); Ta-pu District, W. T. Tsang 21608 (A); Hwei-yang District, W. T. Tsang ooo (A). Kwancsit: Hin Yen, R. C. Ching 6965 (A, N); Poseh, Bako Shan, R. C. Ching 7417 (A); Nanning to Shang-sze, R. C. Ching 7756 (A); Shang-sze Eee W. T. Tsang 23882 (A, N), 23965 (A, N), 24530 (A, N). Hainan: No precise locality, A. Henry s. n. (G), C. Wang 32831 (N), 35225 (N); southern slope of Five Fingers Mt., F. A. McClure 0410 (A); Ling-shui District, S. K. Lau 1 (A, N); Chang-kang District, S. K. Lau (A, N), H. Y. Liang 62384 (N); Po-ting, S. P. Ko 52158 (A, N), F. C. How 71930 (A), 72840 (A); Dung Ka, N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 43428 (A, N); Taam-chau District, W. T. Tsang 17172 (A); Lam-ko District, W. T. Tsang 15826 CAV IN); Ching-mai District, C. J. Lei 636 (N). Fuxren: No precise locality, H. H. Chun 5091 (N), 7796 (N); Yengping, Dunn (Hongk. Herb.) 2704 (A); Kuliang Hills, J. B. Norton 1334 (A); Minchow, H. H. Chung 2469 (A), 2744 (A). Formosa, Indo-China. The name Melastoma septemnervium Lour. is invalidated because of the earlier M. septemnervium Jacq. (1760) of the West Indies. 8. Oe eee, eth Blume, Flora 2: 481. 1831, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 55. 1849: C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 523. 1879; Cogn. in DC. Roane Pivart 7: 354. 1891; Guillaum. in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 322. 1913, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 403. 1913, et ine Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Tndo= Chine 2: 893. 1921; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: SzecHUAN: Kiating, S. S. Chien 5985 i Omei Shan, Y. S. Liu 1025 (A). YuNNAN: Szemao, A. sae 11712 (A, N), 11712A (A), J. F. Rock 2701 (A), 2815 (A); Shung-kiang District, C. W. Wang 72977 (A); Nan-chiao, C. W. Wang 75023 (A); Fo-hai, C. W. Wang 76099 (A); Shun- -ning, T. T. Yu 15937 (A). KWancst: Ling-yuin District, Steward & Cheo 561 (A); south of Nanning, Shih Wan Tai Shan, R. C. Ching 7909 (A, N); Ling-wun District, S. K. Lau 28780 (A); Shing-an District, Z. S. Chung 81831 (A). Kwanctunc: Honam Island, C. O. Levine 491 (A); Wat Shui Shan, W. Y. Chun 7374 (A); San-on District, T. M. Tsui 271 (A, N); Sin-fung District; ¥. W. Taam 848 (A); Ta-pu District, W. oe Tsang 21173 (A, N), 21608 (N); Lung-men District, W. T. Tsang 25338 (A), 25435 (A). Hatnan: Ching-mai District, C. J. Lei 127 (N), 477 (N); Kan-en District, S. K. Lau 3587 (A); Lam-ko District, W. T. Tsang 15674 (A, N). Indo-China, Siam, Malay Peninsula, Australia. The Chinese specimens agree well with specimens representing Blume’s species from tropical Asia and Malaysia, except that they have longer and more prominent calyx-lobes; they apparently represent a form of the species. 3. PLAGIOPETALUM Plagiopetalum Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 3: 452. 1917. The genus Plagiopetalum, when described by Rehder, was placed in the Sonerileae with supposed relationships to Fordiophyton and Sonerila. Diels (Bot. Jahrb. 65: 99-100. 1932) includes it in the Oxysporeae, which position I accept. Ac Leaves 3-nerved.. District. Shih Wan Tai Shan, W. 7. Tsang 2 22673 (A), 23896 (A, N), 24315 (A, N); Yao Shan, C. Wang 39927 (A); Ping- sie District, C. Wang 40425 (A). KWANGTUNG: Tai a Shan, Shih Wan Tai Shan, H. Y. ane 69608 (A). HaINan: No ia locality, C. Wang 35614 (N); See H. Y. Liang 63063 (A, N); Loktung, S. K. Lau by 308 (A), 26984 (A). Tide. Chin: 2. Dissid urophylla Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 102. 1932. YuNNAN: Mengtze, A. Henry 9769 (A, N), 9769A (1soTyPE, A), 11448 (isopara- 1944] LI, MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA 11 type, A, N), 114484 (A, N); Wen-shan District, H. T. Tsai 51789 (A), Tsing-pien District, H. T. Tsai 52453 (A), 52601 (A); Ping-pien District, H. T. Tsai 61656 (A), 61118A (A). Endemic. . Allomorphia pgs Craib, Kew Bull. 1913: 68. 1913; eae a Soc. Bot. France 60: . 1913, et in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: ee Howe F. Jeffrey & W. W. Smith, Notes Bot. ea laa we ea wW ieee pies Howell Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 102. 1932, syn. nov. Szemao, A. Henry 12993 (isosyntype, A); between Muang Hing and Maliping, J. F. Rock aoe (A); Kiukiang Valley (Taron), T. T. Yii 20168 (A) ; Che-li District, C. W. Wang 78331 (A), 79696 (A); Jenn-yeh District, C. W. Wang 80132 (A), 80734 (A), 80832 (A). Siam. A species well characterized by the setose hairs present on the stems, petioles, and inflorescences. Diels correctly transferred Oxyspora Howellii J. F. Jeffrey & W. Smith to Allomorphia, but he apparently overlooked Allomorphia Retasi Craib of Siam and Yunnan. Oxyspora Howellii, on the basis of its original description, manifestly represents the same species as A. setosa Craib. 4. Allomorphia flexuosa Hand.-Maz. Sinensia 3: 195 Described from R. C. Ching 7012 trom Ling-yen, iewhneats no specimen seen. mn . Allomorphia caudata (Diels) c Anerincleistus ? caudatus Diels, a aan 65: 101. 1932. Yu , A. Henry 10761 (1sotypr, A); Ping-pien District, H. T. Tsai 60437 (A), pre a "61279 (A), 61591 (A). Endemic. Diels doubtfully assigns this very striking plant to Anerincleistus, as fruits were lacking on his Henry specimens. Fruits are now known from Tsai 61279 and 61591, and, as they conform to those of Allomorphia, I therefore transfer the species to this genus. The long spicate inflorescences and the densely tomentose leaves are very characteristic. The somewhat immature fruits are globose to subglobose, about 2.5 mm. in diameter, hirsute, strongly 8-nerved, one-celled, many-seeded; seeds very minute, oblong, about 0.5 mm. long 5. CYPOTHECA Cypotheca Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 103. 1932. 1. Cypotheca montana Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 103. 1932. Yunnan: Mengtze, A. Henry 10655 (1sotype, A); Kien-shuei District, H. T. Tsai 53115 (A); Tsang-yuan, C. W. Wang 73206 (A); Shun-ning, 7. T. Yu 16241 (A), 16627 (A). Endemi In addition to the type, the four numbers from recent collections as listed above are referable to Diels’ new genus. The fruit was unknown to him. Yi 16627 is a specimen in young fruit. The fruit is completely en- closed by the calyx-tube, which is turbinate, about 6 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, and slightly furfuraceous on the outside. The capsule is 4-valved at the tip and slightly acute. The seeds are numerous and minute, 6. OxXySPORA Oxyspora DeCandolle, Prodr. 3: 123, 1828. 12 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xxv In addition to the well known species Oxyspora paniculata DC., two new ones are here added which may be differentiated by the following key: A. Plants more or less hairy on the branches; leaf-bases broadly acute to rounded or cordate, with a tuft of hairs on the upper surface at the base where the petiole joins the lea ied -bases subcordate to cordate; leaves more or less stellate- Aisa chistes aha skeen sie SAWS aye 4 Gels ald bla hha aed eo wd as 1. O. paniculata. BB. Leaf. sine broadly acute to rounded; leaves glabrous beneath. .............. Pasialaayalayn ate sielare ee ane gre Ghalsl Pedy oe ees Pah eS pee eae a A oe 8a . O. yunnanensis. AA. Plants eee: glabrous; leaf-bases acute to subrounded, with a small basal BEES WANS oo cia chee ldehccn seu nu gesoe sede cat wseteleceieseicsd 3. O. glabra. 1. Oxyspora Ponca DC. Prodr. 3: 123. 1828, Mem. Melast. 33. t. 4. 1828; Wa ; Phan. 7: 471. 1891; H. Lév. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 176. 1916; Guilin, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 404. 1913, et in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 907. 1921; Diels, pon Jahrb. 65: 104. 1932; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 597. 1933; Rehd. Jour. Arnold Arb. 15: 110. 1934; Chun, Say REO 192. Bredia soneciolass H. Lév. Repert. Sp. Nov. . 1910 Sonerila nel H. Lévy. lc. pro syn. Brodin sonpritoldics op. cit. L1: 494. 1913. Yu . Henry 9010 (A, N), 9010B (N), 11284 (A, N); Szemao, A. Henry 12508 pin ere (A), C. Schneider 2554 (A); Mopo, J. F. Rock 2901 (A); no ae oes ty, G. Forrest 7677 (A), 7680 (A); from Pingpo to Yung-chang, J. F. Rock 7025 (A); Chugai, J. . Rock 2997 (A); Wen-shan District, H. T. Tsai 51470 (A), ee (A); Chi-tze-lo, H. T. Tsai 54260 (A); Shang-pa, H. T. Tsai 54754 ge 58905 (A), 58971 (A); Litne- Ae District, H. T. Tsai 55009 (A); Lu-se District, . T. Tsat 56929 (A); Ping-pien District, H. T. Tsai 60937 (A), 61470 (A), 62287 (A); ane ning District, C. W. Wang 71869 (A); Cheng-kang District, C. W. Wang 72525 A); Keng-ma, C. W. Wang 72899 (A); Jenn-yeh District, C. W. Wang 80381 (A), 80756 (A); Kiukiang Valley (Taron), 7. T. Vii 20196 (A); no precise locality, J. C. Liu & C. Wang 82743 (A). Kweicuow: No locality, S. W. Teng 91064; Chengfeng, S. W. Teng 90935 (A); Lolu, Y. Tsiang 7209 (A, N). Kwanest: East of Lin-yen, Lau Lon, R. C. Ching 6642 (A); Wei- chen, south of Hoo-chi, R. C. Ching 6648 (A); Ching Sai, S. P. Ko 55517 (A); Ling-yuin District, S. K. Lau 28595 (A). India, Indo-China. Some of the specimens have been referred to as Oxyspora cernua Hook. f. & Thomson, but I fail to note any constant difference between these two supposedly distinct species; nor is there any clear distinction indicated in the published description of Hooker f. & Thomson’s species. 2. Oxyspora yunnanensis sp. nov. Frutex circiter 1-1.75 m. altus, ramulis brunneis teretibus hirsuto- ciliatis ; latis, supra viridibus, subtus paulo pallidioribus, acuminatis, basi late acutis vel rotundatis, 5- plinerviis, margine minute denticulatis vel subintegris, venis transversis utrinque subconspicuis; petiolo 0.5—1.3 cm. longo glabro canaliculato; inflorescentiis terminalibus paniculatis, 11-21 cm. longis, 6-7 cm. latis, glabris vel rarius Hae ciliatis, pedicellis circiter 5 mm. longis, bracteis minutis linearibus 1.5—2.5 cm. longis, acuminatis; calycibus cupuli- formibus, circiter 6 mm. longis, glabris, margine 4- dentatis, dentibus late triangularibus, 1.5 mm. longis; petalis 4, ovatis, circiter 10 mm. longis et 6 mm. latis, apice longe ciliato-acuminatis: staminibus 8: 4 violaceis longi- 1944] LI, MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA 13 oribus, antheris 8-9 mm. longis, filamentis 4-5 mm. longis; 4 luteis brevi- oribus, antheris circiter 4 mm. longis, filamentis 3-4 mm. longis, connectivo haud appendiculato; ovario inferiore, 4-loculari, stylo 1 cm. longo, stigmate inconspicuo; capsulis ellipticis, circiter 1 cm. longis et 5 mm. latis, 8- costatis; seminibus numerosis m Kiukiang Valley, ered: TL. 7. ¥u igs (typPE, A), Aug. 20, 1938, a sraiiice ft. high, among thickets, casual, alt. 1700 m., flowers rosy pink; Kiukiang Divide, Sochieh, 7. T. Yu 20850 (A), Oct. 26, ieee a shrub § ft. pay margin of woods, common, alt. 1600 m., capsules greenish brown; Champutong, Bar-ru-lah, Salween- oe Divide, C. W. Wang 67488 (A), Oct. 1935, under pee alt. 2800 m., fruit green. A fee well characterized by its relatively small, ovate-oblong, glabrous leaves and long, narrow, and almost totally glabrous inflorescences save a few ciliate hairs occasionally found on the main axis. 3. Oxyspora glabra sp. nov Frutex glaber, circiter 1. 5 m. altus, ramulis gracilibus teretibus brunneis ultimis 1.5 mm. diametro; foliis membranaceis petiolatis oppositis inaequali- bus lanceolato-oblongis, '7.5-14 cm. longis, 3-4.2 cm. latis, glabris basi margine minute denticulatis vel subintegris, 5-nerviis, nervis transversis supra subconspicuis, subtus distinctis; petiolo gracili 1-2 cm. longo glabro canaliculato; floribus ignotis; infructescentiis terminalibus paniculatis cir- citer 12 cm. ‘Jon ngis et 4 cm. latis, pedicellis circiter 1 cm. longis, recurvis, capsulis ovoideis, circiter 7 mm. pane et 4 mm. latis, 8-costatis; seminibus falcatis numerosis minutis. Shang-pa District, H. F a 56640 (TYPE, A), Sept. 27, 1933, a small shrub 5 ft. high, on open slope, alt. 210 A species characterized by its eh glabrous habit except a small tuft of ciliated hairs at the base of the leaf-blade, the long narrow membrana- ceous leaves, and the rather small and narrow panicles of fruits. 7. BARTHEA Barthea Hooker f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1: 751. 1867. The genus Barthea is well characterized by its bisetose anthers and 4-angled fruits. There are two species in the genus, one in Formosa and one in southern China. 1. aes Barthei (Hance) Krasser in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(7): 175. Disiochaeta Barthei Hance in Benth. Fl. Hongk. 115. 1861, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 867. Berke an Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 1: 751. 1867; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. — 300. 1887; Guillaum. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 404. 1913; Chung, Mem. Soc. China 1: 185. 1924; Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. Jour. 12: 155. 1933: ae =a Jahrb. 65: 104. 1932. Kwancst: Me-kon, Shih Wan Tai Shan, south of Nanning, R. C. Ching 8436 (A, N); Yao Shan, Tseungyuen, C. Wang 39448 (A); Shang-sze District, Shih Wan Tai 24746 (A,N). Kwanctunc: Taimoshan, Hongk. Herb. 7039 (A); ity page Wilford s.n. (G), Y. Tsiang 41 (A, N), N. K. Chun 40153 (N); Lofaushan, Herb. Bur. Sci. Manila 10992 (N); Canton Christian Coll. 6890 (N); Pan Ling Tsze, W. 7 Chun 5943 (A); Shih Wan Tai Shan, C. L. Tso 23570 (N). 14 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [ VOL. XXV The accepted name is almost but not quite a duplicate binomial: under the International Code it is the valid one for the species. 8. BLastus Blastus Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 526. 1790. The genus Blastus is divided by Diels (Bot. Jahrb. 65: 104-107. 1932) into two sections: Desmoblastus and Thyrsoblastus, Section I. Desmoblastus Diels This section is typified by Blastus cochinchinensis Lour. as consisting of species with axillary inflorescences, generally sessile or sometimes in pedunculate cymes as in B. Copniaunii Stapf, a species extending from Borneo to Indo-China and Hainan. In addition to these two species, Diels describes two new ones, B. tenuifolius and B. setulosus from Yao Shan, Kwangsi, of which I have seen no specimens. Three species from Yunnan and one from Kwangsi are herein described as new. They all have axillary sessile inflorescences. Although complete material is not available in all cases, nevertheless, each has certain definite characteristics and they safely appear to represent distinct forms The section includes the species numbered 1-8 in this treatment. Section II. Thyrsoblastus Diels As Diels points out (Bot. Jahrb. 65: 106-107. 1932), the characters of the species of the section Thyrsoblastus are uncertain and further study is needed. A careful examination of all available material, including certain type specimens, shows that the various species proposed in this group are for the most part difficult to distinguish except by certain details in the floral parts, and these parts are mostly inadequately described in various published diagnoses. It is obviously open to question whether or not the eae currently used for this section are strong enough for species segregat One new species is proposed, distinguished from the others y its eal appearance as well as in certain details. It is apparently nearer to Oxyspora, a closely related genus, than are the other species. The section includes the species numbered 9-15 in this treatment. 1. Blastus cochinchinensis Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 526. 1790; Seem. Jour. Bot. 1: 281. 1863; Hance, Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 8: 103. 1867; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 2: 528. 1879; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 301. 1887; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Ph an. 7: 476. 1891; Guillaum. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 89, 403. 1913, et in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 896. 1921; H. Lév. FI. Ron tchieou 276. 1914; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 185. 1924; Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 5: 138. 1927, Trans. Am. Philos. Boe. Il. a 288. 1935; Rehd. Jour. Aciold Arb. 15: 111. 1934 Anplectrum pauciflorum Benth. FI. Hongk. 116. 1861. Blastus parviflorus Tr:ana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 74. t. . : 65. 1871. Blastus Marchandii H. “ Repert. Sp. Nov. - 494, Kwancsi: Tang Han, R. C. Ching 6555 (A “Yon oS eth & Cheo 776 (A, N); Shang-sze Line Shih Wan Tai Pes W. Tsang 22463 (A), 24134 (A, N) ; Sun-to District, W. T. Tsang 22970 (A). KWwanctTuNc Fiaions. Cc. ages s. mn. (N); Ting-wu Shan, Sampson (Herb. Hance) 13762 te. Levine & Groff 93 1944] LI, MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA 15 (A, G), Levine 3090 (A), W. Y. Chun 6330 (A), 6504 (A), Y. Tsiang 739 (A), 1569 (A, N), S. Y. Lau 20189 (N), T. N. Liou 854 (N); perk ae District, C. O. Levine 2091 (A); Sun-yi, Y. Tsiang 2759 (N); Loh-chang, C. L. Tso 20380 (N); Shih Wan Tai Shan, H. Y. Liang 69569 (A), 70037 (A); Ta-pu Bane, W. T. Tsang 21099 (A, N); Hwei-yang District, W. T. Tsang 25751 (A); Wung-yuen District, S. K. Lau 2582 (A). Hainan: No precise locality, C. Ford s.n. (A, N), C. Wang 33230 (N), 34528 (N), 35285 (N), 36376 (A, N); Nodoa, McClure 8134 (A); Loktung, S. K. Lau 27355 (A); Chang-kiang District, S. K. Lau 1621 (A, N); Kan-en District, S. A. Lau 3863 (A); Ching-mai District, C. J. Lei 235 (A, N), 671 (N); Dung Ka, N.K. Chun & C. L. Tso 43907 (A, N); Yaichow, H. Y. Liang 62067 (A), 62077 (N), 62664 (N); Lam-ko District, W. T. Tsang 15782 (A, N); Lai Area, Hung Mo Shan, Tsang & Fung 17850 (A, N); Taam-chau District, W. T. Tsang 17263 (A). FUKIEN: Fong Kong Tze, Dunn (Hongk. Herb.) 2708 (A); Eng-lok District, H. H. Chung 1374 (A), L. Chen 67 (A); Yenping, H. H. Chung 2696 (A), 3317 (A); Kushan, near Fuchow, H. H. Chung 3702 (A), 6865 (A); Shanghang, J. L. Gressitt 1698 (A). India, Indo-China, Formosa. . Blastus tenuifolius Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 105. Based on S.S. Sin 3742 from Yao Shan, ae no ae seen. . Blastus ee Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 106. 193 Based on S. S. Sin & K. K. Whang 686 from Yao Shan, Kwangsi; no specimen seen. N wW - . Blastus latifolius sp. nov. Frutex circiter 1.3 m. altus, ramulis junioribus plus minusve quadrangu- laribus, fulvo-pilosis; foliis membra naceis, longe petiolatis, oblongo-ovatis, 7-11 cm. longis, 3.5—5.5 cm. latis, longe acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel subcordatis, 5-nerviis, ea. supra minute squamuloso- -glandulosis, dis- perse_ setosis, subtus Llanes Soe a nervis ie ma rgine Sh 1 mm Tongs. Yu nN: Mengtze, A. Henry 9058A (type, A), a shrub 4 ft. high, in forests, alt. 5000 ei eee pink. This species is apparently very close to Blastus tenuifolius Diels, from Kwangsi, differing from the latter, according to its description, by the slightly thicker leaves with Scattered setose hairs above instead of being glabrous and with shorter peduncles. The flowers of Diels’ species are white, according to the collector. No petals are present on the type speci- men of this new species, although the field note states ‘‘flowers pink.” 5. Blastus yunnanensis sp. nov Frutex circiter 2 m. altiie ramulis junioribus subteretibus squamuloso- supra inconspicuis, subtus prominulis; petiolo 1.5—4 cm. longo, squamuloso- glanduloso; floribus ex axillis foliorum delapsorum infra ramis foliatis ortis, cymis 3- vel 4-floris, parvis, pedunculo circiter 1 mm. longo; calyce tur- binato, squamuloso- glanduloso, circiter 1.5 mm. longo, margine subintegro; petalis ovatis longe acuminatis, circiter 2.5 mm. longis; filamentis 2 mm. 16 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV longis, antheris oblongis, 2 mm. longis, apice subtruncatis, connectivo sub theca nies 0.5 mm. longo, leviter incrassato., Yu g-pien enh H. T. Tsai hee is A), July 14, 1934, a shrub 6 ft. high, i in ravine, alt. 1300 m., flowers rose-pur This species is near the setulosus a (from the description), but it differs in the margins of the leaves being non-setulose, in the smaller flower parts, and more distinctly in the structure of the stamens. 6. Blastus mollissimus sp. nov Frutex, ramulis an a dense _villosis; sit tenuiter Raging pees longe petiolatis ovato-oblongis, 10-18 cm. ‘longi , 5-8.5 cm. latis, longe acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel leviter cordatis, en nerviis, acts setulosis, supra disperse setosis, subtus pallide squamuloso- glandulosis, praecipue in venis mollissime villosis, nervis transversis supra subconspicuis, subtus prominulis; petiolo 2.5— 7 cm. longo, dense villoso; floribus axillaribus, cymis circiter 3-floris; pedunculo circiter 2 mm. longo, villoso; turbinato- campanulato, dense villoso, margine 4-lobato, lobis anguste lanceolatis, 2-3 mm. dei dense villosis WANGSI: Yao Shan, C. Wang 40050 (TYPE, “A), Oct. 12, 1936, a small shrub along stream side, fruit green, penis ose A species distinctly chaencietvad by the densely villose tomentum on the stems, underside of the leaves, and the calyx. It is probably related to Blasius setulosus Diels, but it is distinguished, among other characters, by the much broader leaves. 7. Blastus hirsutus sp. nov. Herba circiter 1 m. alta, ramulis junioribus subquadrangularibus vel 4- sulcatis, glabris; foliis subchartaceis, longe petiolatis, ovato-oblongis, 9-15 cm. longis, 6-9 cm. latis, longe acuminatis, basi late acutis vel rotundatis, 5—7-nerviis, margine setulosis, supra glabris, subtus minute squamuloso- glandulosis, venis transversis supra subconspicuis, subtus distinctis; petiolo 3-7 cm. longo, glabro; floribus haud visis; fructibus ex axillis foliorum delapsorum infra ramis foliatis ortis, cymis 3- vel 4-carpis, pedunculo circiter 1 cm. longo, glabro; calycibus persistentibus turbinato-campanu- latis, subhirsutis, 5 mm. longis, margine 4-lobatis, lobis gciehioiaial ovatis, 2mm. longs, tenuibus; capsulis inclusis, apice acute 4-lobat a District, H. T. Tsai 54257 (typr, A), Sept. 17, 1933, “58672, ee 20, pore herb to 4 ft. high, in forests, alt. 2500-2800 m., flowers pink, fruit red. This species, although only fruiting material is ae seems to be remote from other species of the section in its herbaceous habit and its nearly glabrous leaves, which are setulose only along the margins and have very minute scaly glands only on the lower surface. The somewhat softly hirsute calyx, in fruit, has no scaly glands. 8. Blastus Cogniauxii Stapf in Hook. Ic. Pl. 24: ¢. 2311. 1894; Guillaum. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 90, 403. 1913, et in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 1896. 1921. Oéhtocharis tel Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 481. 1891, non Blastus parviflorus Tria HAINAN: Vite Qs Y. Liang 62607 (N). Borneo, Indo-China; new to Hainan; also recorded for Kweichow (Guillaumin, l.c.). Cogniaux based his species on Beccari 1403 from Sarawak; Borneo, but 1944] LI, MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA 17 his specific name is preoccupied in Blastus by B. parviflorus Triana (1871). Stapf mentions the very characteristic discoid glands on the lower surface of the leaves, petioles, young branches, and inflorescences. These glands are characteristic of all species of the genus, but as they are usually very minute and oe disappear in age, they are consequently overlooked by most author Spare (Kew Bull 1929: 317-319. 1929) is of the opinion that Blastus Cogniauxii is strictly limited to Borneo and that the Indo-Chinese plant described by Guillaumin as B. Cogniauxii is B. eglandulosus Stapf. How- ever, the Hainan plant is clearly glandular and agrees well with both the ental description and illustration as well as authentic specimens from Borneo. It may be that both Blastus Cogniauxii and B. eglandulosus occur in Indo-China. 9. Blastus Dunnianus H. Lév. Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 449. 1911, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 276. 1914; Guillaum. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 91, cae aoe Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 107. 1932; Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 144. Kweicuow: Majo, J. Cavalerie 2971 (1sotype, A). Kwancst: Hang-on-yuen, Z. S. Chung 81771 (A). Kwanctunc: Huangtung, S. S. Sin 9954 (N); Loh-chang, C. L. Tso 21030 (N); Shih Wan Tai Shas, H.Y. Liang 69969 (A). This species is characterized by the obtuse, more or less rounded calyx- lobes. The leaves are membranaceous, with or without a few small teeth, and with very minute glandular scales on the lower surface. ‘The more or less densely arranged flowers are very short-pediceled. The anthers are obtuse at the base. Although Guillaumin describes the calyx-tube as 5 mm. long, I note that in both the isotype and the other collections cited it is only 2-3 mm. long; the fruit is scarcely 5 mm. long. 10. Blastus Cavaleriei H. Lév. & Vaniot, Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 35: 395. 1906, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 94. 1907. Allomorphia Bodinieri H. Lév. Repert. Nov. Sp. 5: 100. 1908. Bredia Bodinieri H. Lév. 1.c. (1908), pro syn. Blastus pees sensu Guillaum. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 90. 1913, ae parte; H. Lév. ouy-Tchéou 276. 1914; Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. Jour. 12: . 1933, pro parte ae Jour. Arnold Arb. ice 111. 1934; non Benth. Blastus spathulicalyx Hand.-Maz. a Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. 59: 106. 1922, Symb. Sin. 7: 598. 1933; syn. no Kwercuow: Tou Chan, J. Cavalerie 2676 (HoLoTyPE, photo. and merotype, A), between e aeehbl and Liping, H. Handel-Mazzetti 10913 (isotype of B. spathulicalyx Hand.-Maz., A). Kwancst: South of Nan one Shih Wan Tai Shan, R. C. Ching 8382 (A, N); north of Luchen, ee Feng Shan, R. C. Ching 5771 (A, N); Ling-wun, S. K. Lau 28661 (A); Tzu Yuen, Z. S. Chung 83552 ( Blastus Cavaleriei H. Lév. & Vaniot was first reduced to B. pauciflorus (Benth.) Guillaum. by Guillaumin, and Léveillé himself followed Guillau- min in his Flore du Kouy-Tchéou. Handel-Mazzetti’s B. spathulicalyx, described later, evidently represents the same species. This species differs from B. pauciflorus (Benth.) Guillaum. in the long spatulate calyx-lobes, rounded at tip and attaining a length of 3 mm. in fruit. The leaves are denticulate to entire. The calyx-tube is about 4 mm. long. The anthers are obtuse at the base. 18 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL, XXv 11. Blastus tomentosus sp. nov. Frutex circiter 65 cm. altus, ramulis novellis teretibus dense brunneo- ec vas -tomentosis ; foliis chartaceis, petiolatis, oblongo-ellipticis vel ovatis, —17 cm - longis, 5-10 cm. la tis, acuminatis, basi leviter vel perspicue ae margine integris vel obscure denticulatis, supra glabris, subtus squamuloso- glandulosis, nervis 5, supra leviter impressis, subtus elevatis distinctis parce tomentosis vel glabr ris, venis transversis supra obscuris, subtus elevatis; petiolo 1-2 cm. longo, plus minusve dense strigoso- tomentoso ; inflorescentiis terminalibus paniculatis, 12-13 cm. longis, plus minusve tomentosis vel glabrescentibus, pedicellis 1-2 mm. longis; calycibus turbinato-campanulatis 2-3 mm. longis, leviter squamuloso-glandulosis, lobis linearibus vel subspathulatis, 1.5—-2 mm. longis, 1 mm. latis, rotunda- tis; petalis late ovatis, 1.5 mm. longis, acutis, filamentis 3 mm. longis, antheris 4 mm. longis, basi incrassatis, haud attenuatis; stylis 7-8 mm ongis; fructibus capsularibus, one 6 mm. longis, quadrangularibus, calycis lobis persistentibus, ad 3 m ngis Kwancsi: Wait-sap District, Tong seit near ane luk Po Village, W. T. Tsang 22792 (TYPE, A), Sept. 15, 1933, a shrub 2 ft. high, fairly common, sandy soil, in swamp, flowers purplish red. This species is characterized by the abundant strigose hairs on the young branches and petioles. The veins on the under surface of the leaves are also very slightly hairy. In its long, obtuse, more or less spatulate calyx- lobes, it is near Blastus Cavaleriei H. Lév. & Vaniot, but differs, in addition to the indumentum, in the anthers being thickened at the base but not attenuate, and also in the much smaller floral parts. In addition to the type specimen, one specimen of W. T. Tsang 20827 (N), clearly belongs to this same species. This may be due to a mixture of material, as two other sheets of Tsang 20827 represent Blastus Ernae Hand.-Maz 12. Blastus Ernae Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. 59: 106. 1922: Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 7: 317. 1931; Metcalf, op. cit. 12: 155. 1933 Kwanctunc: Mandse Shan, near the Hunan border, R. Mell 473 (isosyntype, A) ; Tan Hsia Shan, W. Y. Chun 5570 (A); Nip Doo to _. W. ¥. Chun 5751 (A); Loh-chang District, W. T. Tsang 20827 (A, N). Endem This species is distinguished by the stipitate Seale hairs on the calyx- tube, while in the remaining species the calyx-tube is scaly-glandular or subglabrous. It is also characterized by its anthers about 10 mm. long with long attenuate acute bases. The leaves are entire or obscurely crenulate. The calyx-tube is about 5 mm. long with short triangular acute lobes. The style is 14-20 mm. long. 13. Blastus longiflorus Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. 59: 106. oe Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 7: 317. 1931; Metcalf, op. cit. 12: 156. 1933. NGsI: Kien-nan District, S. K. Law 3951 (A). Kwanosi: North of Lin-yen, Tsin ‘Lune Shan, R. C. Ching 6945 (A, N); Pai-shou District, ¥. W. Taam 23 (A); Ling-chuan District, W. T. Tsang 27891 (A), 27946 (A); Kwei-lin District, W. T. Tsang 28442 (A). Kwanctunc: Lung Tan et Mell 703 er ae A); Yingtak, . K. Wang 2864 (N); Wat Shui Shan, W. Y. Chun 7381 (A); Sin-fung District, y. W. Taam 339 (A); Wung-yuen District, S. 4 Lau 1997 (A - In the structure of the anther, with its attenuate-acute base, this species 1944] LI, MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA 19 is similar to Blastus Ernae Hand.-Maz., but it differs in the calyx-tube, which is lepidote-glandular instead of stipitate-glandular. The calyx-tube is about 4-5 mm. long, with short triangular acute lobes. The anther is about 8 mm. long and the styles 8-10 mm. long. The leaves vary from denticulate to entire. 14. Blastus apricus (Hand.-Maz.) comb Blastus spathulicalyx Hand.-Maz. var. ees Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math 06. 1922; Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. Jour. 12: 156. 1933. eiancrane Wung-yuen District, S. K. Lau 803 (A, N) ; Sin- eh District, Y. W. Taam 921 (A); Lienping, R. Mell 638 (photo of 1sorypr, A). Endem The type of Blastus spathulicalyx Hand.-Maz. is from Kweichow. The type of Handel-Mazzetti’s variety apricus, Mell 638, of which a photograph is available (A); is from Lienping, which is in northern Kwangtung, as are the other two specimens cited above. This differs from Blastus spathuli- calyx Hand.-Maz. = Blastus Cavaleriei H. Lév. & Vaniot in that the calyx- lobes are not spatulate and rounded but are linear and acute and are only up to 2 mm. long. The leaves are slightly denticulate. It is probably close to Blastus pauciflorus (Benth.) Guillaum., but it has longer (about 4-5 mm.) calyx-tubes, while the anther-bases are attenuate. 15. ae Laer (Benth. ) aera Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 90, 403. 1913; p. Jour. Sci. Bot. 13: . 1918; Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 185. nye Die pot Jahrb. 65: ie pe aee pro parte; Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. Jour. EZ: 159. Allomorphi powcior Benth. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 1: 485. 1842; Triana, _ Soc. 28: 74. 1871; Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 301. 1887. Oxyspora ? pauciflora Benth. FI. nae ee 186 Blastus Hindsit Hance, Jour. Linn. Soc . 13: ae 1873. Kiancsi: Southern Kiangsi, Tai Au ma J. L. Gressitt 1576 (A). KWaANGTUNG: North River, H. F. Hance 11352 (G); Canton, C. O. Levine 1462 (G); Lofaushan, D. Merrill 10743 (N); Taai Tsung Shan, F. A. McClure 6642 (A, N); Ta-pu District, W. T. Tsang 21567 (A, N) ; Hweiyang, W. T. Tsang 25557 (A). This species is inecicuized by its small flowers, with the calyx-tube about 2-3 mm. long. The calyx-lobes are small and triangular, and thus, in this respect, the species can be distinguished from the closely related ones like Blastus Dunnianus H. Lév. and Blastus Cavaleriei H. Lév. & Vaniot. The leaves are in general entire. The anthers are obtuse at their bases. This species seems to be confined to the eastern part of Kwangtung and adjacent southern Kiangsi, for the Kweichow and Kwangsi plants referred to this species by Guillaumin, Diels, Metcalf, etc., actually belong to Blastus spathulicalyx Hand. -Maz. = B. Cisalen H. Tey, & Vaniot. 9. BREDIA Bredia Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 25. 1849; Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 108. 1932, ampl. Tashiroca Matsum. ex Ito & Matsum. Jour. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 12: 489. 1899, syn. nov. The genus plage was established by Blume in 1849 for Bredia hirsuta Blume, a species of Formosa, the Liukiu Islands, and Japan. In 1871 Hooker f Aeeciee 5, Oldkami from Formosa, a species rather distinctly 20 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV different from Blume’s original generic type. This is accepted by Cogniaux and other authors as belonging in Bredia. Diels in 1924 described B. amoena, the first species of the genus known from China. He considerably amplified the concept of the genus in 1932 by describing several new species and transferring a number of entities originally described as representatives of other genera to Bredia. His concept is tentatively accepted here. In this broader sense, the genus includes species with eight stamens either subequal or distinctly unequal. The anthers are attenuate at their apices, and the connectives are either slightly elongated at the base of the anthers or not, usually gibbose in front and short-calcarate behind. The flowers are either solitary, umbellate, or cymose-paniculate. The fruit is usually flattened or slightly rounded at the top. The genus Tashiroea Matsumura, described in 1899, was based on two species, T. okinawensis Matsum. and T. yaeyamensis Matsum., both from the Liukiu Islands. Diels added a Chinese species, T. chinensis, to the genus in 1924. It is found that all of these species are closely related to Bredia Oldhami Hook. f. and are, I believe, congeneric with it. Tashiroea chinensis Diels is also found to be identical with Bredia glabra Merr. Accepting the current concept as to the wider scope of the genus Bredia, Tashiroea is here included within its limits. The type species, Bredia hirsuta Blume, and a closely related one, B. scandens Hayata, are both known from Formosa. Closely allied to them is B. amoena Diels from southeastern coastal China. These three species form a group with cymose-paniculate and hirsute inflorescences and with cordate, pubescent or glabrous leaves. However, the last one is also near the next group and appears to be transitional between the two groups. This group extends from Japan, the Liukiu Islands, and Formosa to the coastal regions of China. A second group is represented by the three species of Tashiroea, as well as by Bredia Oldhami Hook. f. and B. quadrangularis Cogn. These species are characterized by attenuate, rarely rounded or subcordate leaves, which are glabrous or minutely stellate-pubescent. The inflorescences are cymose- paniculate as in the first group, rarely solitary, and usually glabrous. ‘To this group one new species from China is added. These representatives occur in Formosa and the maritime districts of southern China. A third group is found in western and southern China. ‘These species have cordate, hirsute, or velutinous leaves and umbellate, rarely 1-flowered inflorescences. To this group are added three new species from China. These three groups, although more or less different, nevertheless exhibit common characters and intergrading forms, and it is thought best for the time being to treat them as sections of the genus Bredia. Their differentiat- ing characters are as follows. I. Sectio Eubredia sect. nov. Folia rotundata vel cordata, pubescentia vel glabrata. Inflorescentia cymoso-paniculata, plus minusve hirsuta; staminibus 8, inaequalibus, con- nectivo sub theca elongato vel haud elongato. 1944 ] LI, MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA 2) 1. Bredia hirsuta Blume sy aa a Japan ?). 2. Bredia scandens Hayata (Form 3. Bredia amoena Diels (China: Ghekune, Fukien, Kwangtung). II. Sectio Tashiroea (Matsum.) sect. nov. Folia attenuata, rarius rotundata vel subcordata, glabra vel minute stellato-pubescentia. Inflorescentia c moso-paniculata, rarius solitaria, glabra; staminibus 8, inaequalibus, connectivo sub theca interdum elongato. 1. Bredia Oldhami Hook. f. (Formosa) 2. Bredia quadrangularis Cogn. (China: Fukien, Kiangsi). Tashiroea okinawensis Matsum. e x Ito & Matsum. ee Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 12: 490. 1899, Ic. Pl. Koisikav. 1: 153.:6.77.19 Liukiu Islands. 4. Bredia yaeyamensis (Matsum.) comb. nov. Tashiroea yaeyamensis Matsum. ex Ito sea ela Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 12: 489. 1899, Ic. Pl. Koisikav. 1: 150. t. 76. Liukiu Islands. 5. Bredia sinensis (Diels) Li (China: = Fukien, Kwangtung, Kwangsi). 6. Bredia sessilifolia Li (China: Kwangsi). III. Sectio ited sect. nov. Folia cordata, hirsuta vel velutina. Inflorescentia umbellata rarius uni- ora; stamin ibus 8, eet vel inaequalibus, connectivo plerumque sub theca haud elongato Bredia velutina Diels atte Yunnan). Bredia sepalosa Diels (China: Kwangsi). Bredia microphylla Li (China: Kwangsi) Bredia Fordii (Hance) Diels (China: Szechuan, Kweichow, Kwangtung). Bredia Cavaleriei (H. Lév.) Diels (China: Yunnan, Kweichow, Kwangtung). Bredia tuberculata (Guillaum.) Diels (China: Kwangtung, Kwangsi, Kiangsi) . Bredia longiloba (Hand.-Maz.) Diels (China: Hunan, Kiangsi, Kwangtung). Bredia yunnanensis (H. Lév.) Diels (China: Yunnan). . Bredia omeiensis Li (China: Szechuan) Bredia cordata Li (China: Sikang, Szechuan). The Chinese species are enumerated below. 1. Bredia amoena Diels, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 197. 1924, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 111. 1932; Metcalf, Jour. Arnold Arb. 12: 271. 1931, Lingnan Sci. Jour. 12: 154. 1933 _ Bredia chinensis Merr. Jour. Arnold Arb. 8: 11. 1927. Bredia Pricei Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. Jour. 12: 153. 1933, syn. nov. CuHEKIANG: Sia Chu, R. C. Ching 1684 (A); North Yentang, H. H. Hu 30 res TYPE, photo. in A); Ts’ing Tien, Y. L. Keng 151 (A), 157 wee = ntang Shan, C. Y. Chiao 14691 (A). Fuxkien: Shou-ning, R. C. Ching 2309 (A, N Bredia Pricei Metcalf was based on W. R. Price ica: as same number being cited by Diels in 1932 as representing B. amoena. la. Bredia amoena Diels var. serrata var. nov. typo speciei differt foliis distincte arcuato-serratis, dentibus acutis, apice rigidis. CHEKIANG: Ts’ing Tien, Y. L. Keng 187 (type, A), July 28, 1926, a low shrub, growing by roadside, flowers purplish. 2. sas quadrangularis Cogn. in DC. nogr. Phan. 7: 473. 1891; Guillaum. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 403. 1913; ae Lingnan Sci. Jour. 12: 155. 1933. 22 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [ VOL. XXV KIA Yuan-shan District, H. H. Hu 1313 (A). Fuxkten: No adie locality, Dunn (Honk. Herb.) 2710 (A); Yenping, Pao-chu Shan, H. H. Chung 2931 (A). The type of Cogniaux, “in China australi, Seemann in herb, Hort. Petrop.”, according to Diels (Bot. Jahrb. 65: 11. 1932), cannot be found in the Leningrad herbarium. Guillaumin (1. c.) records that species from Kwangtung and Metcalf (1. c.) refers Hu 1313 from Kiangsi to this species. The Chung specimen from Fukien cited above also agrees well with Cogniaux’s description and is even more typical. This species is close to Bredia sinensis (Diels) Li, but is characterized by its terminal and axillary inflorescences and slender filiform peduncles, 3-4 cm. long. . Bredia sinensis (Diels) comb. no Tashiroea sinensis Diels, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 9: 198. 1924 alain Beale Merr. a Arnold Arb. 8:12. 1927; Hares Lingnan Sci. Jour. ] . 1933; syn. no en -— st: Yao Shan, C. — 40258 (A). Kwanctunc: Mei District, Yam Na Shan . Gressitt 1371 (A), W. T. Tsang 21403 (A). Fuxkten: No precise locality, Dunn (its Herb.) 2709 (A); Shaowu - vicinity, Fan Hsoh Niao, Fukien Christ. Univ. 2 (A); Chung-an District, H. H. Hu 1343 (isotype, A). Krancst: Southern shat an San, J. L. Gressitt a A) CHEKIANG: Pang Young, R. C. Ching 2029 (isotype of Bredia glabra Merr., : Ts’ing Tien, Y. L. Keng 152 (A), 156 (A); Tai Shun, Y. L. Keng 263 (A) Diels (1. c.) referred this species to Tashiroea with some doubt. An examination of the type shows that it is identical with that of Bredia glabra Merr. After studying Liukiu material representing Tashiroea Matsum., I consider that this genus should be reduced to Bredia Blume. The stamen characters, as originally described by Matsumura, but not clearly depicted in the two later drawings, are essentially the same as those of Bredia. Both of Matsumura’s Liukiu species are rather closely related to Bredia sinensis (Diels) Li of the southeastern coastal provinces of China and Bredia Oldhami Hook. f. of Formosa in habit, vegetative characters, inflo- rescences, and especially in minute stellate indumentum on the leaves. 4+. Bredia sessilifolia sp. nov. Frutex circiter 30 cm. altus; foliis coriaceis sessilibus vel subsessilibus oblongo-ovatis, 6-10 cm. longis, 2-3 cm. latis, longe acuminatis, basi rotundatis vel subcordatis, distincte 3-nerviis, nervis marginalibus 2 gracili- oribus additis, supra inconspicuis, subtus elevatis, margine integris revolutis rarius parce denticulatis, venulis u utrinque inconspicuis; floribus ignotis; infructescentiis terminalibus cymoso- paniculatis, ad 6 cm. longis, pedicellis circiter 1 cm. longis; capsulis in calycibus inclusis, circiter 4.5 mm. longis, apice leviter rotundatis. Kwancsi: Shang-sze District, Shih Wan Tai Shan, Tang Lung Village, W. T. Tsang 24346 (TYPE, A), Sept. 25, 1934, 24381 (A, N), Sept. 30, 1934, 1 ft. high, fairly common in thickets, fruits gray or purplish red. A species apparently related to Bredia sinensis (Diels) Li, but readily distinguished by its sessile or subsessile leaves. 5. Bredia velutina Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 109. 1932. : Mengtze, A. Henry 13479 (1sotypE, A, N). Known from the original ee only. 1944] LI, MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA 23 6. Bredia sepalosa Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 109. 1932. Described from Kwangsi, based on S. S. Sin & K. K. Whang 648; no specimen seen. 7. Bredia microphylla sp. nov. Suffruticosa scandens 8-10 cm. alta ramosa, ramis rufo-brunneis pube- scentibus gracilibus, feats radicantibus; foliis inaequalibus vel aequalibus petiolatis subchartaceis ovato- orbicularibus, 1-2 cm. longis, 1—1.8 cm. latis, subacutis vel rotundatis, basi rotundatis vel cordatis 5-nerviis, margine integris, supra hirsutis, parce hispido-pilosis, subtus pubescentibus, nervis venulisque supra inconspicuis, subtus elevatis; petiolo 0.5-1.5 cm. longo, pubescente; floribus terminalibus solitariis rarius 3-umbellatis; pedicelli glanduloso-setosis, lobis linearibus 2-3 mm. longis; petalis 4, roseis ovatis acutis ae 11 x 6 mm.; staminibus 8, inaequalibus: 4 majori ibus fila- mentis 3 mm. longis, antheris linearibus acutis, 3 mm. longis, connectivo basi a theca leviter elongato antice tubercula to: 4 minoribus filamentis 2 mm. longis, antheris 2.5 mm. longis, connectivo basi tuberculato, postice haud calcarato; stylis 7 mm. longis, stigmate inconspicuo; capsulis 4-lobatis circiter 4.5 mm. longis, apice leviter rotundatis, in calycibus inclusis. KwancsI!: ye lin ee Chi-fen hoa Hsi-chang Village and vicinity, W. 7. Tsang 28432 (TYPE, A), 28477 (A), Oct. , 1937, a climber, fairly common, 3-4 in. high, flowers purplish red, fruits white This distinct species is recognized by its slender scandent branches and small, more or less rounded leaves. In the large calyx-lobes, it is evi- dently related to Bredia sepalosa Diels. 8. Bredia Fordii ea Diels, a a 65: 110. 1932. Otanthera Fordii Hance, Jour. 29: 46. 1881; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. : 342. 1891; Forbes & ed “Jour. ia, Soc. Bot. 23: 299. 1887; Cuda. Bull, Soc. Bot. France 60: 402. Kwancsi: Tuhshan, Y. Tsiang 6908 , 6563 (N). Kwanctunc: Hongkong, . Ford s.n. (G). is deen from Szech ss Sn ae tonics (H. Lév.) Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 110. 1932; Hand.-Maz. Symb. Sin. 7: 599. 1933; Rehd. Jour. ae ae 15: 1934. Barthea ence Lév. Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 61. 1910. Fordiophyton Cavalerieit Guillaum. Bull. Soc. ss pee 60: 275, 404. 1913; . Kouy-Tchéou 276. 1914. Bovdiopiatn Cavaleriei var. violacea H. Lév. Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 176. 1916, nom. nud. eat as Yao Shan, S. S. Sin 9911 (N). The original specimens from Kwei- chow not se 10. Bredia tuberculata (Guillaum. ) ae Bot. Jahrb. 65: 110. 1932 aac no aa . in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2: 326. 1931, Bull. Soc. Bot. e 60: KWANGSI: aun of ene oe Wan Tai Shan, R. C. Ching 8196 (N), 8309 (A, N); Yao Shan, C. Wang 39973 (A), 40201 (A); Chen-pien District, S$. P. Ko 55878 (A); Shang-sze District, Shih Wan Tai Shan, W. T. Tsang 22457 (A), 22563 (A); Wait-sap District, Tong Shan, W. 7. Tsang 22761 (A); Kwei-lin District, W. T. Tsang 28114 (A). Kwanctunc: Lofaushan, C. Ford 314 (N); Loh-chang, C. L. Tso 20999 (N); Sin-fang District, ¥. W. Taam 287 (A); Mai District, W. T. Tsang 21515 (A, N). Kuzancsi: Southern Kiangsi, Hong San, J. L. Gressitt 1639 (A). 11. a longiloba (Hand.-Maz.) Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 111. 1932; Hand.-Maz. in. 7: 599. 193 Pa anata pits Hand. — var. longilobum Hand.-Maz. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien Math.-Nat. 63: 3: SG) 24 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV Hunan: Chang-ning lee C. S. Fan & Y. Y. Li 314 (A). KWANGTUNG: Yang-shan District, T. M. Tsui 746 (A). een known from Kiangsi. 12. Bredia yunnanensis (H. Lév.) Diels, Bot. Jahrb. 65: 111. 1932; Rehd. Jour. Arnold Arb. 15: 112. 1934 Bredia yunnanensis H. Lév. Repert. Sp. Nov. 11: 300. 1912. Blastus Mairei H. Lév. 1.c sie drt Cavaleriei (H. Lév.) Guillaum. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 275. 1913, pro par YUNNAN: wea Ne eke _ M. septentrionalis. CC. Leaves chartaceous, subsessile, acute; branches fleshy. .. .3. M. himalayana. AA. Flowers in axillary cymes only. B. Young branches terete. CC. Leaves distinctly petiolate. D. Leaves obovate, rounded to subacute. .....-.-+.-++-- .5. M. radicans. 38 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV DD. Leaves oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, long- ners gf aiatecn eiee- Lb wie a uih alg seg Scare «hing 58 Cae aeG walatae’s 4a ere as _M. pr eerars BB. Young branches 4-angled. C. Leaves large, 15-20 cm. long; young branches winged. ........ 7.M. Tsait. CC. Leaves 9-13 cm. long; young branches not winged. .8. M. yunnanensis. 1. Medinilla Spirei Guillaum. in Lecomte Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 921. 1921. Yunnan: Ping-pien District, H. 7. Tsai 60888 (A). Kwancsi: Bako Shan, west- ern Poseh, R. C. Ching 7536 (N); Pin-lam, S. P. Ko 55588 (A). Hartnan: Kan-en District, S. K. Lau 3793 (A), 5240 (A). Indo-China. New to China. A distinct species, characterized by the membranaceous, cordate, sessile leaves and large terminal panicles. . Medinilla septentrionalis (W. W. Smith) comb. n Ste septentrionalis W. W. Smith, Jour. As. — Beng. . 7: 69 a caerulescens Guillaum. in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. ese Chine 2 on 1921, ov. Medinilla caerulescens var. nuda Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: 699. 1931, syn. nov. Anplectrum yunnanense Kranzl. Viert. Nat. Ges. Ziirich 76: 153. 1931, syn. nov. YUNNAN: Szemao, A. Henry 11705 (isotype of Anplectrum oe Kranzl., A), 11705B (A), 11705C (A, N), 11705D (A); no precise localit . Forrest 26642 A, N), 27163 (A, N); Fo-hai, C. W. W _ 77199 (A); Che-li Se C. W. Wang 78399 (A), 79515 (A); Jenn- es D: strict, C. W. Wang 80282 (A), 80830 (A); Lung- ling District, H. T. Tsai 55666 (A); Lu-se arulind H. 7. Tsai 56353 (A), 56796 (A), 56860 (A), 56910 (A), ge (A). Kwanocsi: West of Poseh, Bako Shan, R. C. Ching 7519 (N); Yao Shan, C. Wang 39025 (A), 39936 (A); Tai Ching Shan, Nor Yut, S.P. Ko 55362 (A) Indo-China, Upper Burma, northern Siam. A distinct species, characterized by the relatively small, membranaceous, long-acuminate leaves. The connectives are elongated below the anther and strongly 2-tuberculate in front and shortly calcarate behind. I follow Guillaumin in placing this species in Medinilla, although it is somewhat anomalous in the genus. Oritrephes is a small genus established by Ridley for certain Malayan species. It belongs to the Oxysporeae, while the present species clearly belongs in the Medinilleae. The equal or nearly equal stamens and the axillary as well as terminal ane immedi- ra remove it from Anplectrum, where Kranzlin place nies: himalayana Hook. f. ex ree Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 88. 1871; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 549. 1879. Yeu Che-li District, C. W. Wang 7828 (A). Himalayan region; new to China. A species characterized by the presence of both terminal and lateral paniculate cymes. 4. Medinilla hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 292. t. 64. 1935. HAaIna! Fan Yah, N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 44185 (1sotypr, A). Known from the = collection only. atmos — Blume, Flora 14: 509. 1831, Rumphia I: 15. t. 3. 1835; Cogn. DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 573. 1891; Guillaum, in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Ties Chine 283. 1930. 2: 922. eee Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 6: Hartnan: No precise locality, C. Wang 32296 (A, N), 34216 (A, N); Loktung, 1944] LI, MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA 39 S. K. Lau 27167 (A), 27346 (A); Ngai District, S. K. Lau 138 (N), 15846 (A), 15847 (A), H. ve 20066 (A, N); Liamui, J. L. Gressitt 1157 (A); Lam-ko ee W. T. Tsang 3 oe beset F.C. How 70716 (A, N), 70968 (A, N), H. ¥. ne 62056 i Po-t . How 72849 (A); Dung Ka to Wen Fa Shi, NV. : ne GC. £.Tse per “CA, a 43696 (A, N); Seven Finger Mts., H. Y. Liang 61773 a )'. Indo-China, Java. Merrill (1. c.), in first crediting this species to Hainan on the basis of Tsang 15847, comments: “This appears safely to be the same species as the Indo-China form referred by Guillaumin to Blume’s species although there is some doubt as to the correctness of his interpretation.’ 6. Medinilla biel eo atcha Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24: Misc. 85. 1838; Paxt. Mag. Bot. on si 1843; Lemaire, Hort. Univ. 5: 72. 1 ¢. 1844; Merr. Brittonia 4: 127. ina erythrophyllum Wall. List no. 4085. 1830, nom. pase igi cunda sensu C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit, eA 2: 547. 1879; Cog Monogr. Phan. 7: 581. 1891; non Blume. YUNNAN: porn Valley (Taron), T. T. Yu 19918 (A), 19925 (A). Himalayan region, eastern Bengal, and Upper Burma; new to China. Merrill has clarified the status of this species, which was previously con- fused with the distinctly different Medinilla rubicunda Blume (M. Hasseltit lume). He says: “The species is allied to Medinilla Hasseltii Blume, but the geographical ranges of the two are very different. . . . It should be noted that the type of Melastoma rubicundum Jack — Medinilla ee (Jack) Blume, came from Singapore, and that Ridley does not admit t species, as interpreted by Clarke and Cogniaux, in his flora of the Malay Peninsula. Jack’s original description applies strictly to the oranae Malaysian form later characterized as Medinilla Hasselttui Blume . 7. Medinilla Tsaii sp. nov. Frutex scandens circiter 30 cm. altus, ramis junioribus quadrangularibus, alatis, alis crispis; foliis chartaceis, sessilibus vel subsessilibus, oblongo- ovatis, 13-20 cm. longis, 5.5—8 cm. latis, acutis vel acuminatis, basi acutis, 3- nerviis, marginalibus 2 gracilioribus additis, venis lateralibus tertiariisque obsoletis: inflorescentiis ignotis; infructescentiis lateralibus cymosis, 5—6 cm. longis, pedunculis 1—1.5 cm. longis, pine 1.2 cm. longis; fructi- bus oblongo- -turbinatis, 1 cm. longis, latis, 4-locularibus, calycis marg ne persistente, 2— c) mm. longo, membranaceo, integro. Yunnan: Ma-kwan District, H. T. Tsai 51846 (TyPE, A), March 1, 1933, a prostrate undershrub 1 ft. high, on rocks in aca alt. 1800 m., fruit reddish green. A species characterized by the strongly winged branches, large sessile leaves, and oblong fruit with persistent calyx-margins. 8. Medinilla yunnanensis sp. nov. Frutex ad 2 m. altus, ramis plus minusve carnosis, ramulis 4- angulari- bus; foliis subchartaceis, breviter petiolatis, oblongo-ovatis, 10-13 cm. longis, 3.5-4.5 cm. latis, breviter acuminatis, basi acutis, 3- nerviis, venis lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 10, subconspicuis vel obscuris, venis tertiariis obsoletis; petiolo circiter 5 mm. longo; inflorescentiis lateralibus cymosis sessilibus, 2—4-floris, pedicellis 4—5 mm. longis; calyce turbinato, circiter 4 mm. longo, margine integro; petalis 4, obovatis, membranaceis, 5-6 mm. 40 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV longis, 3 mm. latis; staminibus 8, aequalibus, filamentis 2-3 mm. longis, antheris linearibus, 5-6 mm longis, connectivo sub theca haud elongato, antice leviter 2- tuberculato, postice breviter calcarato; stylo circiter 1.1 cm longo; fructibus ovoideis vel subglobosis, 6—8 mm _ diametro, 4- locularibus. YuNNAN: Szemao, A. Henry 10275 (typr, A, eal a 10275A (A, N), a shrub 2-6 ft. high, alt. 5000 ft, — pink; Tsang-yuan, C. W. Wang 73270 (A), April, 1936, in oak woods, alt. Om. This species eer Medinilla hainanensis Merr. but is distinguished by its sessile inflorescences. 18. PTERNANDRA Pternandra Jack, Malay. Misc. 2(7) : 60. 1822. 1. Pternandra rer eroneistan Jack, Malay. Misc. 2(7): 61. 1822; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Ind. 2: 551. 1879; Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 153. 1871; Guillaum. in ent Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 924. 1921; Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 13: 65. 1934. Hainan: Hung Mo Shan, north of Fan Ta, Tsang & Fung 18034 (A). Merrill, in recording this specimen as a Pternandra, says, “The specimen is in fruit but probably represents Jack’s species at least as it is interpreted by Guillaumin.” 19. MEMECYLON Memecylon Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 349. 1753. KEY TO THE CHINESE SPECIES A. Leaves dark olivaceous or blackish, smooth and shining above. — dark-brown-olivaceous, chartaceous, 3.5 cm. long or less; fruits yellow- BPRS ale vad Se Gitar sess Gg aes § GSE Gta Spe sth 49578 Boaters amigo rac . M. pauciflorum. Pee eae ge Maa G was oie clad oi .M. nigrescens. CC. Fruits 8-costate, usually single. Mg wala Hd Pantages ane ode : octocostatum. AA. Leaves yellowish to pale olivaceous when dry, usually eae and not shining abov B. Flowers few (less than 15), peduncles is or very short. C. Leaves large, about 8.5 x 4.5 cm, er. D. Leaves 8.5 cm. or less long; ila ss short (2-3 mm.) -pedunculate. Egy 5b Wh Ar rays Wiaed GME pon rata ale ahaveqsiaiea es asa ¢ 4025. 6-44. bes Tears . M. floribundum. DD. Leaves 9-13 cm. long, inflorescences long(10-15 mm. ) -pedunculate.. sravisiaa de PA /mGis ate, aad eae eveita Gree Gv d ky a 4 WEE 4s Sede Pte ie 5. M. haba: cc, igi about 5.5 x 2.5 cm. or less. . Leaves ovate, 3 cm. or less long; fruits 8-9 mm. in diameter. ......... Ge 6 tes aA ete ata aA ed, ado Sate pale ae eee auchaaee sed . mM. peer hes DD. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 7-8 cm. long; fruits 6-7 mm. in diameter. share $s8 each bseigun Grin ern eae. ge ghee a ers are bara e/earete Z M. ligustrifolium. BB. Flowers numerous (15-50), glomerulate, very short (2-3 mm,)- pedunculate. .. Sis eta thse ge a oS s BoM AGSE ied SG Rivets Shb).0 wa dupa ahe Rowe aaa: cone ada 8. M. polyanthum. 1. Memecylon pauciflorum Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 356. 1851; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 555. 1879; Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc, 28: 158. 1871; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan, 7: 1169, 1891; Guillaum. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 338, 405. rie in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 928. 1921; Mere. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 5: 139. 1927 Hainan: No precise een ty, A. Henry 8349 (G); Wen-chang District, H. Fung 20329 (A, N); Lan-ko District, W. T. Tsang 17440 (A). Indo-China, Siam, India, Malaysia and northern Australia. 1944] LI, MELASTOMATACEAE OF CHINA 41 2. Memecylon nigrescens Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. ae 1833; ieee Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 159. 1871; ” Forbes & Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. 23: 302. 1887; Chung, Mem. Sci. Sue, China 1: 185. 1924; Merr. Lineaai si cree 13: 65. 1934 KWANGTUNG: crated pee Herb. 1070 (A), 9561 (A); eke W. Y. Chun 3150 (N); Luichow, Y. Tsi 2538 p. p. (N). HAINAN: No precise locality, H. Y. Liang 64158 NDC: ls 33317 (A, N), 33660 (N); een F.C. How 73788 (A); Loktung, S. K. Lau 27017 (A); Dung Ka to Wen Fa Shi, V. K. Chun Be Tso 43671 (A. N), 43767 (A,N). 3. Memecylon octocostatum Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 294. 1935. Hanan: No precise locality, H. Y. Liang 63312 (A, N), 66465 (N), C. Wang 34456 (A, N); Loktung, S. K. Lau 27133 (N), pleet (N); Kan-en District, . K. Lau 3475 (A); Chank- ane District, S. K. Lau 1460 (A, N), 2981 (A); Yaichow, N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 44589 (ssoT wre, A), Ho Y. pe 63018 (N). In its vegetative characters, this species closely resembles M. pauct iflorum Blume, but it is strongly characterized by its 8-costate fruits. 4. Memecylon floribundum Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1: 361. 1851; Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 158. 1871; Guillaum. ee a . Bot. France 60: 337, 405. 1913, in Lecomte, FI. Gén. Indo-Chine 2: 927. INAN: Chang- a, District, S. K. Lau 1789 es pun Kumyun, S. K. Lau 27621 a Yaichow, N. K. Chun & C. L. Tso 44629 (A, N 5, Memecylon hainanense Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 44. 1934. Harnan: No precise locality, C. Wang ines ~ ape 34514 (A, oe 34575 (A, N), 36241 (A, N); Chang-kiang District, S. K. 7 (A, N); Bak-sa, S. K. oe 26546 (A); Po-ting, S. K. Lau 28059 (A); a F. C. How 70619 (A, Seven Finger Mts., H. ¥. Liang 61782 (1soTYPE, A). 6. Memecylon scutellatum (Lour.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. Bot. 18: 282. ee Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7:1157. 1891; Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsen ia 1: 1930; Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 13: 66. 1934, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. Il. ee 288. 1935 Scutula scutellata Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 235. cylon edule Roxb. var. scutellata C. 2 ae in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 564. ‘aie Guillaum. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 339. 1913, in Lecomte, FI. Gen. Indo- Chine 2: 935. 1921 Kwanctrunc: Hongkong, C. Ford s. n. (N); Kochow, Y. Tsiang 230 (N), 898 (A, N), 2246 (N); Luichow, Tsiang 2358 p. p. (N); Ho-po District, H. Y. Liang 20353 (A). Kwanost: Nanning to Shang-sze, R. C. Ching 7757 (A, N). Haran: No precise locality, H. Y. ae 64543 (N), 65066 (N), 66153 (N), 66272 (A, N), C. Wang 32755 (N), 32759 (N), 33202 (A, N), 34896 (A, N), 36487 (A, N); Tai Un, F. A. McClure 7740 (A, ee Ching-mai District, C. I. Let 104 (A, N); Ling-shui District, F. A. McClure 22120 (A, N); Kumyun, S. K. Lau 27797 (A); Kan-en District, S. - Lau 3751 (A); Canes a S. K. Lau ee (A); Ngai District, Lae 17 Lie N); Tan Distuish, RY au 1012 (A, N), J. L. Gressitt 878 (A), a How 70866 (A, N) ,N.K. Chun 6 C. L. Tso 44576 (A, N), 44791 (A, N), . ene 61915 (A, N), 61916 (A, N), 62488 (N); Seven Finger Mts., H. Y. Liang 617 58 (A, N) Burma, Indo-China, and Malay Peninsula. 7. Memecylon ligustrifolium Champ. ex Benth. in Hook. Kew Jour. Bot. 4: 117. 1852; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 117. 1861; Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 156. 1871; Forbes & "Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 302. 1887; Guillaum. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 338, 405. me Chung, Mem. Sci. Soc. China 1: 185. 1924; Merr. Lingnan Sci. Jour. 5: 13 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV Memecylon scutellatum sensu Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 186. 1833; Seem. Bot. Herald Voy. 378. 1857; non Naud. YUNNAN: Fo- i Wang 74432 (A), — ag 74971 (A), 76177 (A). Kwancst: Sout P Nauiaw: Shih Wan Tai Shan, R. C. Ching 8109 (A, N), 8263 (A, N); Shang-sze ack Shih Wan Tai Shan, W. - Ee 24572 (A, N). Kwanc- ’, O. Levine 388 (A, G), 1709 (A, G), 2078 (A), 2108 (A, G); Ting-wu Shan, T. Sampson (Herb. Hance) 673 (G); C. O. Levine 758 (A, G), W. FY. Chan 689 (A), H. T. Ho 60027 (N); Wung-yuen District, S. K. Lau 2392 (A); Kao-yao District, S. Y. Lau 20192 (A, N); prea ese District, W. T. Tsang 25661 (A); ing-tak District, VY. F. Chun 30410 (N Hainan: No precise locality, H. ¥. Liang 62637 (N), 63625 (N), 64159 (N), ae (N), C. Wang 34381 (N), 34721 (N), (A, N), 36061 (A, N); Po-ting, F. C. How fag (A); Hung Mo Tung, Jp Vuk coe 18347 (N); Ngai District, S. K. Lau 66 (A i 5085 (A); Bak Sa, S. K. Lau 26594 (A); polsieiay . K. Lau 27521 (A); Kumyun, S. K. Lau 27758 (A 8. Memecylon dclecotieass sp. nov. Frutex 2—3.5 m. altus, ramis ramulisque teretibus, ramulis ultimis cir- citer 1 mm. diametro: foliis coriaceis elliptico-ovatis, 5—8 cm - longis, 2-3 cm. latis, haud nitidis vel subnitidis, longe acuminatis, basi acutis, in sicco supra subbrunneis, subtus pallidioribus, costa supra impressa, subtus per- spicua elevata, nervis venulisque obscuris: petiolo 3-5 mm. longo; inflore- scentlis axillaribus, multifloris (15-50), densis, subglobosis, ‘circiter 1.5 cm. diametro, e cymis brevibus fasciculatis multifloris compositis; pedunculis vix 2—3 mm. longis: floribus breviter pedicellatis (2-3 mm.), 4- meris, altis, bracteolis minutis basilaribus; calycibus circiter 1.5 mm. ongis, tu 1-1.5 mm. diametro, breviter 4- denticulato; petalis late ovatis acutis, 1.5 mm. longis et latis: filamentis 8,2 mm. longis: stylis 3-4 mm. longis. YUNNAN: Che-li District, Sheau- pane yeang, C. W. Wang 75514 (A), 79634 (TyPE, A), 81021 (A), a shrub 6-10 high, mountain slopes, in woods, alt. 900— 1000 m., flowers white; Che-li oe pe meng-lung, C. W. Wang 77707 (A), Aug. 1936, 2 m. high, in thickets, alt. A species characterized nee its numerous flowers densely arranged in glomerulate inflorescences, remote from all the other known Chinese species. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, Harvarp University. 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, Il 43 PLANTS OF COAHUILA, EASTERN CHIHUAHUA, AND ADJOINING ZACATECAS AND DURANGO, III Ivan M. JOHNSTON CYPERACEAE by H. K. SvENSoN Cyperus (Eucyperus) esculentus L. Sp. Pl. 45 (1753) CoanviLa: Sierra del Carmen, Sept. 8, 1936, Marsh 748; Sierra Cruces, near Santa Elena, in arroyo, not common, Stewatt 288, 2176. HIHUAHUA: 5 km. north of Escobillas ee on silty flat, Stewart 2372; Piramide, moist heavy soil near ran_h, Johnston 8138; 7% mi. south of Piramide, moist silty flat above labor, Johnston 8105a; 10 mi. southeast of aa oe common in low ground at foot of slope, Stewart & Johnston 2035; mi. south of Camargo, White 2226. Widely distributed in rea as in the Old World. Cyperus (Eucyperus) acuminatus Torr. & Hook. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 435 (1836). CoauuILa: Mesa . about 40 km. northwest of Hac. Encantada, in water of tinaja, fairly common, Stewart 1638; along trail from southern eee of Hillcoat Mesa to Buena Vista ce sare July 27, 1938, Marsh 1491 Widely distributed across southern parts of the United States. Marsh’s material is referable to the var. cyrtolepis (Torr. & Hook.) Kukenth. Cyperus (Eucyperus) ochraceus Vahl, Enum. 2: 325 (1806). Coanvuita: Muzquiz Swamp, 1936, Marsh 889. Louisiana and eastern Texas south through eastern Mexico to Argentina. Cyperus (Eucyperus) amabilis Vahl, Enum. 2: 318 (1806). ee anvua: Hills northwest of Chihuahua, damp gravelly places on ledges, Pringle 9 The oe specimen belongs to the var. macrostachyus (Boeck.) Kikenth. The species is widespread in the tropics of both hemispheres. Cyperus (Eucyperus) seslerioides H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 209 (1815). CuimvuaHva: Hills northeast of Chihuahua, Sept. 16, 1885, Pringle 554. Trans-Pecos Texas (Big Bend) and Arizona, south through Mexico to Venezuela. Cyperus (Juncellus) laevigatus L. Mant. Pl. 179 (1771). Cumuanua: Lake Santa Maria, Nelson 6417 ; 3 mi. west of Camargo, White 2267a. Ranging from Texas to California and southward; of world-wide distri- bution in the tropics, usually in saline or brackish situations. Cyperus (Pycreus) niger R. & P. Fl. Peruv. 1: 47 (1798). Coanvuta: Saltillo, shallow muddy creek, 1898, Palmer 177 ; Jimulco, warm sp rings, May 13, 1885, Pringle 124. CHIHUAHUA: Valley near enhuahus, wet 7 Sept. 27, 1886, Pringle 809; Presa de Chihuahua, 1936, sian 1108; 3 mi. west of Camargo, White 2267 Ranging from Texas to California and south into South America. The 44 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV Chihuahua material cited is referable to the var. castaneus (Wats. ) Kukenth. Cyperus (Pycreus) albomarginatus Mart. & Schrad. ex Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2(1):9 (1842). Cuinuanua: Wet places in the mountains northwest of Chihuahua, Oct. 7, 1886, Pringle 810 Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres; extending north through Mexico into the southern parts of United States. Cyperus (Mariscus) tenuis Swartz, Prodr. he Ind. Occ. 20 (1788). CoanvuILa: Sierra del Carmen, Sept. 12, 1936, Marsh 835; Muzquiz Swamp, — 934; Canon Bocatoche, scattered oie rocky arroyo on valley floor, Muller 09. ee idely distributed in the tropics of America and west Africa. Muller’s collection is immature and its identification is somewhat doubtful; it was originally identified as C. uniflorus var. pseudothyrsiflorus Kiikenth., but it does not have the hardened scales characteristic of C. uniflorus. e Coahuilan collections cited possibly can be referred to C. breviradiatus ajebm. Cyperus (Mariscus) spectabilis Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 318 (1827). CoanuiLa: Sierra del Carmen, Cafion Sentenela a, moist stream-side, Wynd & Mueller 595; Zacate, Marsh 511; Canton Bocatoche, scattered on grassy valley floor, Muller 3134: aire si Bah near La Noria, gravelly arroyo banks, Stewart 1216, n place near hacienda, Johnston 8130a; canyon west of Organos, gravelly arroyo banks with Acacia, Stewart & Johnston 2076; rocky hills near Chihuahua, Pringle 311; west- ern ei of Sierra Santa ane south of Potosi Mill, about north-facing ledges, fairly , Stewart & pee m 2115. Zacatecas: Valley 15 km. west of Concepcion del oe Sioutovd eta Ranging from nan and Arizona south to southern Mexico. Cyperus (Mariscus) apiculatus Liebm. Vidensk, Selsk. Skr. Kjobenh. V.2: 220 (1851). CHIHUAHUA: Samalayuca, sand dunes, 1935, LeSueur 1720. Known only from Mexico. Cyperus (Mariscus) Fendlerianus Boeckl. Linnaea 35: 520 (1868). CoanuILa: Sierra del Carmen, Sept. 7, 1936, Marsh 801; Sierra del Carmen, Cafon Sentenela, Wynd & Mueller 512, 580; Hac. La Babia, open eleg floor, Wynd & Muster 654; Sierra del Pino, La Noria, flats in dry pine woods, Johnston & Muller 540, CHIHUAHUA: Pirdmide, about rock masses, Johnston 8127, 81 130; 7% mi. south of Piramide, moist silty flat above labor, Johnston 8105; Sierra Virulento, 2-3 mi. east of Rancho Virulento, rocky rg and ridges, Johnston 8072a, 8074; sand dunes, Sama- layuca, 1935, LeSueur 172 , rocky hills near Chihuahua, 1885, Pringle 310; wasters base of Sierra Santa sciaie south of Potosi Mill, about north-facing ledges, rare, Stewart & Johnston 2116 Ranging from ete to Arizona and south to southern Mexico. The cited collection from the Sierra del Pino is typical C. Fendlerianus. The other collections have conspicuously pedunculate clusters of spikelets and belong to the var. debilis (Britt.) Kiikenth, 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 45 Cyperus (Mariscus) Mutisii (H.B.K.) Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 567 (1864). CuinuaAHua: Rocky hills near Chihuahua, wet ledges, 1885, Pringle 512. Arizona south through Mexico into South America. Pringle’s collection no. 512 is cited as C. tetragonus var. Pringlei by Kikenthal, Pflanzenr. 101 (IV. 20): 493 (1936). The above cited specimen, in the Gray Herbarium, seems identical with C. Mutisii (at least as to Mexican speci- mens) and is very different from C. tetragonus. Perhaps Pringle’s number is a mixture. Horvat, Cathol. Univ. Amer. Biol. Series 33: 78 (1941), refers the New York Botanical Garden specimen of Pringle 512 to C. Pringlet Britt. but explicitly excludes the Philadelphia Academy specimen bearing the same number. Cyperus (Mariscus) inflexus Muhl. Descr. Gram. 16: 1817. CoanvulILa: Sierra del Carmen, Canon Sentenela, W ynd & Mueller 516; mountains 21 mi. northeast of Monclova, Sept. 1880, Palmer 1330. CHIHUAHUA: Poanide base of large rock-masses, Johnston 8123; Sierra Encinillas, 4 km. north of Fierro, damp sand arroyo, fairly common, Secor 783; rocky flat just ao of Organos, wet soil among grass, Stewart & Johnston 2060. Widely distributed in temperate and tropical America. aie Ene uniflorus Torr. & Hook. Ann. Lyc. N. ¥. 3: 431 (1836). CoaH Don Martin Dam, White 1390. CuinuanHvua: Sandhills south of Sama- layuca, bier 23, 1886, Pringle 808; sand dunes, Samalayuca, 1935, LeSueur 1723. Ranging from Arizona to MelAaneas south into northern Mexico. Cyperus (Torulinium) ferax L. C. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 106 (1792). Coanvutra: Don Martin Dam, White 1378; Sierra del Carmen, Sept. 5, 1936, Marsh 809; Muzquiz Swamp, 1936, Marsh 933; valley below Saltillo, abundant, 3 ft. tall, Gregg 539; Rancho La Botica, Valle de las Delicias, by water, Stewart 2853, 2926. Cuimuanva: By stream near Chihuahua, Oct. 30, 1885, Pringle 588. Widely distributed in temperate and tropical parts of the world. ae acutus Muhl. ex Bigelow, Fl. Boston. 15 (1814); Beetle, Am. Jour. Bot. 28: 3 (1941). Sibi lacustris var. occidentalis Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 218 (1880). VERNACULAR NAME: Tule. Coauvuita: Saltillo, rare in this locality, 1898, Palmer 258. CHIHUAHUA: Rio Conchos at Meoqui, he Sugar 1099; 3 mi. west of Camargo, White 2262. The collection from Saltillo is immature and its identification is question- able. The collection from Meoqui is young but recognizable. White’s material from Camargo is in prime condition. The achenes are 2.5 mm. long, the yellowish scales are smooth except for the whitened-scabrous mid- rib and mucro and the strongly fringed margin. The collection, which closely resembles the pale specimens characteristic of the southwestern United States, consists of two plants, one with lance-ovate spikelets (10 « 4 mm.), the other with elongate spikelets (up to 14 & 2.5 mm.). There does not seem to be any clear-cut difference between S. acutus and S. validus, either in character of the root-stocks and root, or in the shape, size, or microscopic details of the achenes. Scirpus Olmeyi Gray, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 5: 238 (1845). Coanuita: Sierra del Carmen, Aug. 9, 1936, Marsh 744; Monclova, ae 1695; Cuatro Cienegas, Marsh 2076. Comueoe Lake Santa Rene. Nelson 46 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM LVOL. XXV Widely distributed in United States and extending south into tropical America. The species differs from S. americanus in its very short involucral bract, usually blunter spikelet, much smaller style-branches, and more slender anthers. Scirpus lineatus Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 32 (1803). CoanvuiLa: Sierra del Carmen, Cafon Sentenela, stream-side, Wynd & Mueller 545. An abundant species of eastern United States, extending southwest to Texas. Apparently not previously reported from Coahuila. Scirpus coahuilensis Svenson, sp. nov. Rhizomate duro adscendente ad apicem in fasciculis grandis caespitosis terminato; fasciculis 3—20-foliatis, sayeraer sque ad 8 cm. chartaceo- vaginatis; foliis firmis, glaucis, elongatis 3-4 dm. longis, perangustis 0.5 mm. latis, planis vel concavis, margine ‘serr ratis, ad apicem flexuoso-fili- formibus; culmis strictis, basi foliatis, glaucis, filiformibus, 4-5 dm. altis, singulatim e fasciculis productis: foliis involucri filiformibus 1-10 cm. longis inflorescentiam plerumque superantibus ; spiculis 12-20 lanceolatis, 7-10 mm. longis, 10—-12-floris, laxe coarctatis sessilibusque vel in radiis 1-3 cm. longis glomerulatis: squamis membranaceis, albido-flavescentibus, ovatis, 4 mm. longis, glabris, frequenter scabrido- mucronatis; achaeniis late obo- vatis, plano-convexis vel obscure trigonis, 1.8—-2 mm . longis, 1.4 mm. latis, nitide brunneis, leviter papillosis; setis 2—4, levibus, plerumque achaenio multo brevioribus; stylo 3-fido, sub ramis 2 mm. longo, minute fimbriato ad apicem, basi haud incrassato: staminibus 3, antheris 1.5 mm. longis Coanutta: High western ridge of Sierra de la Fragua, north of Puerto ads. abundant, coarse om 1-3 ft. tall, on rocky slopes with scrub oaks and Pinus Pinceana, Sept. 2, 1941, Johnston 8763 (TYPE, Gray Herb.). The relationships of this curious plant are obscure. Its general appear- ance, at least in the herbarium, is that of a much-stiffened Eriophorum with somewhat branched immature inflorescence. However, the general texture of the spikelets and especially of the bristles is quite different from that found in Eriophorum. One might infer that it represented an unusual species of Bulbostylis, but the plant is perfectly glabrous, and, further- more, has practically no swollen style-base. Though the achenes, in color and shape, are somewhat similar to those of Fimbristylis spathacea, the plant does not appear to be related to either the New World or the Old World species of Fimbristylis. When the plant was collected it was assumed to be a species of Carex of the general relationship of C. prae- gracilis, since its individual spikelets superficially resemble those of that species. The plant forms very coarse clumps becoming a decimeter or more thick at the base. Its extremely abundant stems and leaves are ascending or widely spreading or even lie along the ground and may cover an area nearly a meter broad. It is a xerophyte growing in well-drained rocky calcareous soil along a ridge clothed with scattered pines and oaks. Eleocharis rostellata Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2: 347 (1843). Coauvutta: Bank of stream in cienega, 7 km. south of Cuatro Cienegas, Harvey 1235. Saline or alkaline marshes from Nova Scotia and British Columbia south into northern Mexico; also in South America. 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 47 Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) R. & S. Syst. 2: 149 (1817). CoauuILa: Muzquiz Swamp, 1936, Marsh 932. Ranging from Texas to Florida and throughout the New World tropics. Eleocharis cellulosa Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 298 (1836). CoauuiLa: Muzquiz Swamp, 1936, Marsh 930; Monclova, along Rio Monclova, White 1770. Ranging, chiefly in brackish and coastal waters, in southern United States, West Indies, and Yucatan. Not previously reported from northern Mexico Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) Blake, Rhodora 20: 24 (1918). VERNACULAR NAME: Tullillo. CoanuiLa: Sabinas River, Muzquiz, Marsh 403; Monclova, White 1722, 1749, 1763; Rancho cw ote, Valle Acatita, about spring, Stewart 2736. Widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions. Eleocharis ee Kunth, Enum. 2: 144 (1837). Eleocharis arenicola Torr. in Engelm. & Gray, Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 5: 237 (1847). Coauuita: Sierra del ee Sept. 8, 1936, Marsh 747; Santa Anna Canyon, Marsh #451; Monclova, Marsh 1700; Saltillo, along shallow credle 1898, Palmer 255; Saltillo, Arséne 10628. Cuimuanua: Chihuahua, low wet bottoms, 1908, Palmer 30; southwest of Chihuahua, LeSueur 1098 Ranging from South Carolina to California and south to central Mexico; also in Argentina and Uruguay. Eleocharis Parishii Britton, N. Y. Micros. Soc. Journ. 5: 110 (1889). Curmuanua: Lake Santa Maria, Nelson 6415; 3 mi. west of Camargo, White 2261. Western United States south into northern Mexico. Eleocharis macrostachya Britton in Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. 184, 1327 (1903). VERNACULAR NAME: Tule. CoanuiLa: High mesa in the Sierra Encantada 6 km. northwest of Buena Vista, erect in water of arroyo, fairly common, Stewart 1423; along trail from southern large charco in valley southeast of El Almagre, abundant in wet soil and standing water, Johnston & Muller 1221. Cuinuanua: Jimenez, Rio iis. edge of water, White 2102; 37 mi. north of Escalon, by small pond, White 20 Widely distributed in Western United States and an into Mexico. Eleocharis montana (Willd.) R. & S. var. nodulosa (Roth) Svenson, comb. nov. Scirpus nodulosus Roth, Nov. P!. Sp. 29 (1821). CoanutLra: Canon Indio Felipe, Sierra Hechiceros, in water along creek, 1 m. tall, Stewart 143. Florida to Arizona and southward in tropical America. Typical E. montana is based upon plants from the high mountains of Colombia with thickened non-septate culms. Plants from lower altitudes have the culms more or less distinctly septate and may be distinguished as the var. nodulosa. Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl, var. ee Chapm. FI. S. U.S. 549 (1860). Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl, Enum. 2: 289 (1806). Coanuita: Cuatro Cienegas, 1939, Marsh 2078. Representing the phase of the species with puberulent scales that is com- mon in the interior of the continent. 48 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [ VOL. XXV Fimbristylis annua (All.) R. & S. Syst. 2: 95 (1817). Cumuanua: Valley northeast of Chihuahua, Sept. 16, 1885, Pringle 555. A very widely distributed plant, abundant in all tropical and temperate parts of the world. Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C. B. Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. 6: 652 (1893). Curmuanua: Piramide, along sheltered crevices in large rock-masses on plain, Johnston 8145. the United States. Ranging from Maine to Minnesota south to Texas; also on the Pacific coast from Oregon southward. Bulbostylis juncoides (Vahl) Kiikenth. ex Osten, Ann. Mus. Nac. Montevideo II. 3 Cumuanva: Sierra de los Organos, 1937, LeSueur 1286; hills northeast of Chi- huahua, Aug. 20, 1885, Pringle 529. Ranging from Texas to Arizona and south into Mexico; also in South America. Our plants have the loose inflorescence characteristic of var. ampliceps Kikenth. Schoenus nigricans L. Sp. Pl. 64 (1753). CoanutLa: Cuatro Cienegas, along irrigation ditch, White 1921; Cuatro Cienegas, Marsh 2074. The material from Cuatro Cienegas has scales and bracts pale straw- colored rather than dark brown or black, as is usual in this species. Schoenus nigricans has a wide distribution in the Old World. It is known only from scattered stations in northern Mexico and southern parts of the United States. Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax in E. ‘& P. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 22: 105 (1887). Crimvuanva: Hills northeast of Chihuahua, Oct. 7, 1885, Pringle 524. Widely distributed in the United States and southward to South America. Dichromena colorata (L.) Hitchc. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 141 (1893). Coanvuma: Sabinas River near Muzquiz, 1936, Marsh 400; Muzquiz, 1938, Marsh 168 An abundant species in tropical America. Cladium jamaicense Crantz, Inst. 1: 362 (1766). CoaHvILA: Santa Anna Canyon, 1936, Marsh 439; ponds at El Anteojo, 3 mi. west of Cuatro Cienegas, forming very coarse clumps in deep water with Typha, stems becoming 10-12 ft. tall, conspicuous, Johnston 8871. The mature achene is 3 mm. long, dark-brown except for the acute yellow- ish tip, smooth and shiny, with a broad truncate base. The “saw-grass” of the tropical savannas. Fuirena simplex Vahl, Ecol. Am. 2: 8 (1798), Enum. 2: 384 (1806). Coanutma: Muzquiz Swamp, 1936, Marsh 929; Hermanas, 1939, Marsh 1573; 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 49 Monclova, Aug. 1880, Palmer 1336; Monclova, Marsh 1740; El Anteojo, 3 mi. west of Cuatro Cienegas, edge of brackish lake, Johnston 7124; Rancho La Botica, by water, water, common, 11 dm. tall, Stewart 2798; Rancho del Coyote, eastern margin of Valle de Acatita, edge of spring, common, Stewart 2734; Cafion del Indio Felipe, Sierra Hechiceros, in water along creek, 8 dm. tall, Stewart 144. The specimens show the great variability in stature and conformation of perigonial bristles inherent in many species of Fuirena. From the closely related F. squarrosa, characteristic of the eastern United States, F. simplex is readily separated by the glabrous (sometimes minutely puberulent) style. Its relative has the style densely hispid. The scales vary from hispid to nearly smooth and the outer row of bristles is frequently longer than the ovate-tipped inner group. In one collection (Marsh 929) the outer series of bristles is conspicuously swollen in the middle. Fuirena simplex an F. obtusiflora (and Rynchospora glauca) were collected by von Rohr in South America, at ‘Baia Chico” on the northeastern coast of Venezuela. Fuirena Schiedeana was obtained by Schiede at Vera Cruz in 182 Carex Schiedeana Kunze, Suppl. Riedg. i t. 30 (1842); Mack. No. Am. FI. 18: 225 (1935), No. Am. Carices t. 261 (19 CoAHUILA: Hillcoat Mesa, west of Sen Ranch, July 25, 1938, Marsh 1447; Puerto San Lazaro, scattered on fine soil in shelter of shrubs on rocky slope, Muller 3062; Carneros Pass, hillsides, 1890, Pringle 3218; 4 km. east of Fraile, on mountain, oO sparse in moist shaded upper canyon, Muller 3305. Cuinuanua: Sierra Almagre, sparse open slope with brush and some grass, Johnston & Muller 1190; Sierra Almagre, moist base of cliff in shaded deep canyon, ee & Muller 1194. Ranging from western Texas south to central Mexico. Carex praegracilis W. Boott, Bot. Gaz. 9: 87 (1884); Mack. No. Am. Fl. 18:35 (1931). ° >] : ee Chihuahua, forming large patches in low wet bottom land, 1908, alm Widely distributed in the western United States. Carex potosina Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3: 474 (1885). CoaHumLa: 10 mi. east of Fraile, low place on silty valley floor, fea 7306. ZACATECAS: Valley 15 km. west of Concepcion del Oro, Stanford et a Known only from the states of Coahuila, Zacatecas, and i oe Potosi. Carex Frankii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 498 (1837). OAHUILA: Sierra del Carmen, Cafion Sentenela, moist stream-side, Wynd & Mueller 550. Widely distributed in United States and extending south to Texas. Not 50 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV previously reported from Mexico. The achenes are 2 & 1.5 mm. in dimen- sions, somewhat larger than those given by Mackenzie for the species. Carex hystricina Muhl. ex Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 282 (1805). Coanvuria: Sierra del Carmen, Cafion Sentenela, moist stream-side, Wynd & Widely distributed in United States. Not previously reported from Mexico. The perigynia are 7 mm. long, very firm, and of a glistening stramineous color. In these respects the collection is much like those seen from the southern United States. The perigynia thus reach the maximum size recorded by Mackenzie. The achenes are also a trifle larger than the common specimens from the northern United States. Carex Emoryi Dewey, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 230 (1859). Coanuita: Muzquiz, 1936, Marsh 1081. Not previously reported from Mexico. The original collection was made on the Upper Rio Grande. Carex filifolia Nutt. Gen. 2: 204 (1818). CoauvitA: 11 km. northeast of Jimulco, rolling hills, Stanford et al. 35. This collection appears to represent C. filifolia, a species widely dis- tributed in the western United States but heretofore unreported from Mexico. Perhaps an undescribed species may be represented. The perigynia, though very young, show a beaked oblique apex. From other herbarium specimens examined the Mexican collection differs in its elongate, many-flowered staminate inflorescence. This exceeds 2 cm. in length but falls within the measurements for the part given by Mackenzie. PALMAE Brahea bella Bailey, Gentes Herb. 6: 194. f. 99, 100 (1943). Coanvutta: Muzquiz, Dec. 5, 1936, Marsh 1061; Sierra Gloria, 1939, Marsh 1925, 2210. The type of B. bella was collected by Prof. L. H. Bailey “on Rancho San Geronimo (Mangum) about fifty miles northwest from the postoffice at Muzquiz near the upper waters of the Rio La Babia.” Additional material was obtained further northward “at Rancho Agua Dulce (Persons).” He states that the palm grows “on plains and mountains at altitude of 2000— 3000 feet, in clefts and seams of limerock and among separated boulders of it, growing as single trees in many sizes but often covering the valley floor as if in forests and abundant on cliffs and broken ranges at higher altitudes.” The collections I have cited above are fragmentary or juvenile and have been doubtfully identified as B. bella by Bailey. They suggest that the species ranges along the escarpment of the plateau in northern Coahuila and in the outlying sierras in middle-eastern portions of the state. Perhaps also belonging to the species are the palms observed about the high lime- stone cliffs in the Sierra Gavia at the north portal of Tres Rios Pass, about 70 km. south of Monclova. The present species is most closely related to B. Berlandieri Bartlett, 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 51 known only from La Silla, the type station, La Mitra, and Cafion Huesteca, in the vicinity of Monterey. This species, which possibly may just enter Coahuila in the mountains between Monterey and Saltillo, is said to differ rom B, bella in having the fronds, at least beneath, distinctly glaucous and blue-green, rather than bright green on both sides and somewhat glossy and shiny. Since many elements of the flora found on the mountains about Tonterey range northwestward at least to the Sierra Gavia and Sierra Gloria, south and southeast of Monclova, it would not be surprising if the palms ‘leiowmn from these latter ranges prove either referable to B. Ber- landieri or intermediate between that species and B. bella LEMNACEAE Lemna gibba L. Sp. Pl. 970 (1753). CninvuAHvuA: Samalayuca, in springs, April 17, 1852, Wright 1892. Nebraska to Texas and west to California; northern Mexico; Old World. COMMELINACEAE Tradescantia crassifolia Cav. Icones 1: 54. t. 75 (1791). VERNACULAR NAME: Lino de Maiz. Coanumta: Sierra del Carmen, Cafion Sentenela, Wynd & Mueller 566; Sierra del Carmen, Sept. 12, 1936, Marsh 816; Hillcoat Mesa, west of Encantada Ran on July 25, 1938, Marsh 1468; Saltillo, July 16, 1848, Gregg 253; Carneros Pass area, 1880, Palmer 2016; highest peaks of the Sierra Cruces, rock crevices, fl. purple, Stewart 1142. Sierra Organos, LeSueur; El Pozo, Sierra Santa Eulalia, fl. lavender, White 2416: hills near Chihuahua, Pringle 691, 1386. A variable but readily recognizable widely ranging species which reaches its northern limit in our area. The stems and lower leaf-surfaces are usually white-villous, but plants glabrescent in various degrees are frequent. Tradeseantia brachyphylla Greenm. Proc. Am. Acad. 33: 471 (1898). Coanuita: Mountains 4 km. east of Fraile, moist place, fl. purple, Stanford et al. 357a, Zacatecas: Concepcion del Oro, among thorny shrubs high up steep canyon sides where moist and shady, fl. ree oT color, rare, 1904, Pane 323; 15 km. west of Concepcion del Oro, Stanford et al. : Known from the Sierra tae e Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas and from Pue Tradescantia Wrightii Rose & Bush, Trans. Acad. Sci, St. Louis 14: 188 (1904). CoaunuiLa: Hillcoat Mesa, west of Encantada Ranch, July 25, 1938, Marsh 1479; western base of Picacho del Fuste, gypsum beds on north slope, corolla purple, Johnston 8396; mountains 4 km. east of Fraile, moist place, Stanford et al. 360; Cafion del Agua Chica, west of Las Delicias, limestone slope, fl. ea Stewart 2828; ? Rancho del Coyote, east side of Valle Acatita, on gv DS in arroyo, fl. white, Stewart 2746. CuinuAHuA: Northwest end of Sierra Diablo, « open hillside, fl. lavender, Stewart 978. A species known only from our area and from trans-Pecos Texas (moun- tains near El Paso, Wright 701, type; Guadalupe Mts.; and near Alpine). In our area it is readily recognized by its simple stem, 15— 25 cm. tall, which bears a single cauline leaf and is terminated by a sessile cluster of flowers: 52 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL, XXV The Texan material is completely glabrous, but the Mexican specimens have glanduliferous hairs on the pedicels. Tradescantia pinetorum Greene, Erythea 1: 247 (1893). Cuimuauva: Cool slopes in the hills northwest of Chihuahua, Pringle 804. A characteristic plant of the highlands of western Chihuahua and adja- cent Sonora and Arizona. It is readily recognized by the very abundant minute retrorse hairs which usually clothe its slender stems. Tradescantia Karwinskyana Schultes, Syst. Veg. 72: 1165 (1830). CoanvurLa: Hillcoat Mesa, west of Encantada Ranch, July 25, 1938, Marsh 1416; Sierra Gloria, Marsh 1893; Carneros Pass area, 1880, Palmer 1325; mountain 4 km. east of Fraile, moist place, fl. purple, Stanford et al. 357. ZACATECAS: 15 km. west of Concepcion del Oro, fl. purple, Stanford et al, 499 Ranging from Hidalgo north along the eastern Sierra Madre into our area. Tradescantia venustula Kunth, Enum. 4: 87 (1843). VERNACULAR NAME: Lino de Maiz. Coanutua: Near Santo Domingo, limestone hill, Wynd & Mueller 458; Santa Anna Canyon, Marsh 485; Mesa Grande, 4 km. northwest of Hac. Encantada, Stewart 1670; Hillcoast Mesa, west of Encantada Ranch, July 25, 1938, Marsh 1415, 1416; vicinity of Buena Vista Ranch headquarters, July 14, 1938, Marsh 2288; east of La Rosa, dry mountain slope, Wynd & Mueller 39; hills 20 mi. west of Saltillo, Shreve & Tinkham 9825; Saltillo, Gregg 250; Saltillo, 1898, Palmer 319; Sierra Madera, Canon Charretera, Johnston 9119; Sierra del Pino, Canon Ybarra, Stewart 1245, 1808; Sierra del Pino, La Noria, Johnston & Muller 408, 609; Sierra Cruces, Cafion Tinaja Blanca, Johnston & Muller 260a; Picacho de San José, Stewart 1113; Sierra Mojada, Cafon Hidalgo, below crest, Stewart 1097, CHinuanua: Sierra Diablo, Cafon Rayo, Stewart 923; Sierra Diablo, high valley at northwestern end of sierra, Stewart 979. An attractive plant with glabrous glaucescent stems and leaves and pale sky-blue corollas. It favors open rocky hillsides and, though widely dis- tributed in northern Coahuila, is seldom common. I refer the Coahuilan plant to 7. venustula with some hesitation. That species was based upon plants grown at Berlin from seeds collected in Mexico by Karwinski. Plants indistinguishable from the Coahuilan plants have been collected by Purpus (no. 5019) near Minas de San Rafael, S.L.P., and accordingly the species can be expected in northern Hidalgo where Karwinski made extensive collections. Kunth’s description of T. venustula, except for the flower-color (“sepala . . . interiora in alabastro azurea’’), fits equally well either the present plant or the one I have called T. rhodantha. The present species, however, has decidedly sky-blue petals, which show this color even in the bud and accordingly differ markedly from the reddish petals of 7. rhodantha. Tradescantia rhodantha Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 225 (1859). Coanuita: Sierra del Carmen, Canon Sentenela, Wynd & Mueller 618; Sierra del Carmen, Sept. 7, 1936, Marsh 805. Curivanua: Sierra Rica, Cafion Madera, cliff crevices, fl. purple, Stewart 2515; rocky hills just west of Chihuahua, Pringle 698. This species has reddish or reddish pink flowers and usually glandular hairy pedicels and calyces. It is best known from western Chihuahua and from thence ranges southward at scattered stations to Durango, San Luis 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 53 Potosi, and Guerrero. Our plants clearly belong to T. rhodantha Torr.; that species, however, may have an earlier name in T. linearis Benth. Commelina diffusa Burm. f. Fl. Ind. 18. t. 7 (1768). CoauuiLaA: Carneros Pass area, July 1880, Palmer 1326. An Asiatic species introduced and now widely established in America. Commelina dianthifolia Delile in Redout. Liliac. 7. t. 390 (1801). Coanura: Sierra del Carmen, Sept. 7, 1936, Marsh 796; Hillcoat Mesa, west of Encantada Ranch, July 25, 1938, Marsh 2273. CuHrauaAHuA: Sierra Rica, Canon Madera, sunny slopes, Stewart 2536. Widely distributed in Mexico and extending northward along the western Sierra Madre to Arizona, New Mexico, and trans-Pecos Texas. Commelina erecta L. Sp. Pl. 41 (1753). VERNACULAR NAME: Espuelitas. Coanuita: Allende, Marsh 2228; 11 mi. south of Allende, Johnston 7011; Yerda Encantada, Stewart 1560; Hillcoat Mesa, west of Bacantada Ranch, July 25, 1938, Marsh 1477, 1478; Cafion San Enrique, Sierra Encantada, west of Buena Vista, Stewart 1365; Cafion Bocatoche, Muller 3105; hills near Mesillas, Gregg 526; Sierra del Pino, La Noria, Johnston & Muller 619; 12 mi. north of San Rafael, Sibert 423; Cruces, aia Blanca, Johnston & Muller 260; northwest en Sierra Planchada, pe 1007; east of Guimbalete, Stewart 2637; Tanque Toribio, 30-40 km. nor f Colonias, Sees 781. CHIHUAHUA: 5 south of Rancho Enci- White 2417; oa oui 487; 12 mi. south of Camano White 2195; 5 mi. of Jimenez, White 2 A plant een on flats and on hillsides, in clay or rocky places, com- monly sheltered by bushes or cacti and more or less supported by them. A northern species which reaches south into Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon. The common form in our area is the narrow-leaved var. angustifolia (Michx.) Fernald, Rhodora 42: 439 (1940). Mr. Marsh has collected about Muzquiz, however, a form with broader, thinner, darker green leaves which appears to be referable to typical C. erecta Setcreasea brevifolia (Torr.) Pilger in E. & P. Nat. Pflanzenfam. Erganzungsheft VERNACULAR NAME: Pollo. CoanurLa: Sierra del Carmen, Cafion Sentenela, Wynd & Mueller 624; Rancho Agua Dulce, Sierra San Manuel, Wynd & Mueller 335; Palm Canyon, Muzquiz, eee 356; Sierra Guajes, Cafion Milagro, shaded canyon-sides, Stewart 1534a; Sierra Encantada, high mesa 15 km. northwest of Buena Vista, rocky slopes, ff. pen Stewart 1438; Sierra Gloria, Marsh 2220; Soledad, fl. pink, fan Palmer 2014; Cuatro Cienegas, Marsh 2049; Sierra Hechiceros, Cafion Indio Felipe, cliff-face, fl. lavender, Stewart 3; Sierra del Pino, head of Cafion Ybarra, ee fl. light pink, Stewart 1257; western base - Picacho del Fuste, among loose rocks in deep arroyo, Johnston 8450; Picacho de San José, among rocks on open hillside, pide 1109. Ranging from the Davis and Chisos Mountains and the lower Pecos River ite locality), in Texas, south into northern Coahuila. A low o4 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [ VOL. XXV plant with coarse rhizomes growing among loose rocks or in crevices, usually on sheltered cliffs or north-facing slopes. Usually locally common when present. The corollas are pinkish. In the literature this plant of desert mountains has been confused with Setereasea Buckleyi nom. nov. (Tradescantia speciosa Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1862: 9 [1863], not Linn.), a plant of the coastal area of southern Texas which has a paler corolla and loosely branched elongate trailing stems. Setcreasea leiandra (Torr.) Pilger almost certainly grows along our northern boundary. It is a trans-Pecos Texan plant known from such stations as the Davis Mts., Chinati Mts., and (at the type-locality in Paysano Pass) near Alpine. Tinantia erecta (Jacq.) Schlecht. Linnaea 25: 185 (1852). CuinuAHuA: Nea deren LeSueur 248; shade of cliff in mountains southwest of Mapula station, Pringle 8 A Sha species Sane northward along the Sierra Madre into Chihuahua Commelinantia Pringlei ee Tharp, Torreya 24:52 (1924), Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 54: 337. t. 26, 27 (1927). Coauuma: Sierra del Carmen, Cafion Sentenela, moist stream-side, Wynd & Mueller 619; Yerda Spring, Marsh 950; ite Gloria, Marsh 1957; Sierra Guajes, Canon Milagro, shaded places in deep canyon, Stewart 1534; Sierra araacida Canon Indio Felipe, shaded crevices on cliffs and ae stream, Stewart 4, A very distinct species known only from the mountains of Nuevo Leon and northern Coahuila. PONTEDERIACEAE Kichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 527 (1883). CoauuiLa: Monclova, 1939, Marsh 2201, 2243. A floating aquatic from South America now widely established in the warmer parts of the world. Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacMill. Metasp. Minn. Valley 138 (1892). eae etal Rio Conchos at Rosatilla, LeSueur 564; Rio Conchos at Camargo, White A ae aquatic widely distributed in temperate and tropical America. Heteranthera mexicana Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 166 (1883). Coauurta: Villa Juarez, on Sabinas River, 1880, Palmer 1324 (TYPE). Known only from northeastern Coahuila and adjacent Texas. Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd. Ges. Nat. Freunde Berlin Neue Schr. 3: 439 Coanuta: Tanque La Palma, south base of Sierra Hechiceros, in wet mud and standing water, Johnston & Muller 1281. CutHuanvua: Sierra Hechiceros, near Rancho Encampanada, along stream, Stewart 193. Widely distributed in temperate and tropical America. BROMELIACEAE Hechtia texensis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 374 (18 Hechtia scariosa L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 117: - (1937). VERNACULAR NAMES: Guapilla; Aguapie. 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 59 CoanuuaA: Hermanas, Marsh 1608; Sierra San Vicente, Canon Espantosa, Schroeder 146; La Pistola, eastern margin of Llano de Guaje, arid limestone hills, Johnston & Muller 770; Sierra del Pino, ledges at mouth of southern canyon, Johnston & Muller 733; Tanque Jerico, limestone hillside, Johnston 8337; western base of Picacho del Fuste, cemented gravels, Johnston 8447; Potrero del Cuervo Chico near Tanque Bandido, limestone ledges, Johnston 8578; Aguaje Pajarito, west end of Sierra Fragua, rocky slopes and ledges, Johnston 8716; Parras, March 1905, Purpus 1101; eastern foothills of Sierra Cruces north of Santa Elena, limestone ledges, Johnston & Muller 324; Sierra Jimulco, 11 km. northeast of Jimulco, Stanford et al. 88; near Jimulco, limestone ledges, Pringle 72 (type of H. scariosa). CHIHUAHUA: Sierra San Carlos, lime-shale ridge near mines, Johnston & Muller 62. The type-locality of this species was given by its discoverer (Havard, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 8: 478. 1885) as follows: ‘On the bluffs of the Rio Grande, south of,the Chisos Mountains, mixed with Lechuguilla and nearly as forbidding, was collected a new species of a genus not before observed in the United States — Hechtia texensis, Watson.” Subsequently the plant has been found in various parts of the Big Bend area, apparently always on limestones. The plant is common and widely distributed on sunny limestone ledges and on banks of cemented gravels over most of Coahuila, usually in the company of Agave lechuguilla and frequently of Agave falcata. The heads of armed leaves grow in crowded clumps. In some old colonies the clumps die out at the center and the heads become arranged in a ring up to a meter or more in diameter. Although the margins of the leaves have very sharp recurved thorns, the tissue of the blade is very juicy and can be chewed for quenching thirst when no other source of water is available. The species is characterized by its scarious, usually pinkish sepals and bracts, and by its loosely branched inflorescence. It is probably most Zacatecas, which differs in its subsimple female inflorescence and firmer stramineous sepals and bracts. Hechtia elliptiea L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 20 (1937). Hechtia zacatecae L. B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 117: 21 (1937). HUILA: Saltillo, June 1898, Palmer 205 (type): Zacatecas: Cedros, high ridges, Kirkwood 5 (type of H. sacatecae) ; without locality, 1908, Lloyd 125 This species probably ranges widely along the western base of the Sierra Madre and on the small ranges of the plateau, in southeastern Coahuila, western Nuevo Leon, and northern Zacatecas. It is closely related to the more easterly H. glomerata Zucc. and appears to replace that species on and H. mexicana Smith), ranges from Zapala County, Texas, south in Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon to Hidalgo. It differs from H. ellipti ca in having smaller capsules and smaller firmer brownish sepals and floral bracts scantily clothed with trichomes. Like H. elliptica, and hence differing from H. texensis, its female inflorescence consists of a spicate arrangement of dense capitate glomerules. Hechtia glomerata may possibly enter our borders in northeastern Coahuila 56 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [ VOL. XXV Tillandsia recurvata L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 410 (1862). Coanuma: Sierra del Carmen, Canhon Sentenela, Wynd & Mueller 589; Verda Springs, Marsh 323; Sierra Gloria, Marsh 2007; Puerto San Lazaro, Wynd & Mueller 119, Muller 3101; San Lorenzo Canyon, 6 mi. southeast of Saltillo, shady rock-face, 1904, Palmer 428; Sierra Cruces, Canon Tinaja Blanca, local, Johnston & Muller 262; Sierra Cruces, Cafion Encinal, local, Stewart 2276; Sierra Jimulco, 11 km. northeast of Jimulco, Stanford et al. 6. CuimuanHua: Sierra Almagre, local in deep canyon, Johnston & Muller 1184. ZACATECAS: _ canyons, Santa Rosa and Cedros, Kirkwood 42; without locality, 1908, Lloyd 5 An epiphyte growing on rocks, fone end trees in canyons and sheltered places. Commonly occurring in great abundance when present, but colonies usually very localized and very widely scattered, and in some areas uncommon or even rare. JUNCACEAE by F. J. HERMANN Juncus mexicanus Willd. in R. & S. Syst. Veg. 7: 178 (1829). CoanuIta: Saltillo, large masses in wet bottoms, 1898, Palmer 201. CHIMUAHUA: 3 mi. west of Camargo, White 2 Texas to California and south in Mexico; Chile and Patagonia. Juncus bufonius L. Sp. Pl. 328 (1753). Coanutita: Saltillo, in a ditch, 1898, Palmer 263. Nearly throughout North sani cosmopolitan. Juncus tenuis Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 214 Juncus dichotomus Ell. Bot. S. Carlin, 406 (182 Juncus albicans Fernald, Proc. Am. A 45: ne aan, CoaHuUILA: Sierra del Carmen, — 8, 1936, Marsh 750. CHtHuaHua: Out- skirts of Chihuahua, a few plants in corn-field, 1908, Palmer 161 (type of J. albicans), Typical J. tenuis is found from Massachusetts and Florida to Texas and Mexico; also in South America from Brazil to Argentina. The type of J. albicans is a form intermediate between typical J. tenuis and the var. multicornis (i.e. J. macer S. F. Gray). Such transitional forms are com- paratively infrequent in the eastern United States but become more plenti- ful in the southwest. The auricles in J. albicans are intermediate in texture between those of typical J. tenuis and the var. Dudleyi; the seeds are nearer those of the var. mudticornis (the shallowly margined areolae averag- ing four times as broad as long, and about 40 to a vertical row) than to those of true J. tenuis (the conspicuously ridged areolae averaging only twice as broad as long, and less than 20 to a vertical row) and are not appre- ciably longer nor more prominently white-caudate than the average in either typical J. tenuis or its var. multicornis. Juncus tenuis var. Dudleyi (Wiegand) Hermann, comb. n Juncus Dudleyi Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 27: 524 ‘ook Coanuita: Sierra del Carmen, Canon Sentenela, 1936, Wynd & Mueller 561. The cited collection is slightly atypical but may be referred to this variety, which ranges from Newfoundland to Washington and south through central and western United States into Mexico. Although J. tenuis, as it occurs in its typical form on the coastal plain of the eastern United States, 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, II 57 is readily distinguishable from allied forms, the characters setting it off from those currently separated as J. Dudleyi tend to become obscure to imperceptible where the ranges of the two plants merge. This is doubtless the explanation of many of the recurrent reports of “J. tenuis” from stations far inland. Specimens from the upper Mississippi Valley, in par- ticular, may frequently have as much in common with J. tenuis as they do with J. Dudleyi; examples of such intermediates from Indiana are Deam 54009, White County; Kriebel 3451, Lawrence County; and Friesner 6038, Hancock County. Such transitional forms appear sporadically in the east (Hermann 4344, Delaware County, Pa., having some auricles almost those of typical Dudleyi, some of tenuis, and some approaching those of macer, and leaf-blades from flat to involute to terete), but become progressively more common westward. Juncus tenuis var. multicornis E. Mey. Linnaea 3: 371 (1828). Juncus macer S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Fl. 2: 164 (1821). Juncus tenuis of authors, not Willd. Coauurta: Sierra Hechiceros, Cafion Indio Felipe, edge of creek, Stewart 111; Sierra del Pino, La Noria, moist sand in arroyo, Johnston & Muller 481, Stewart 1202. Ranging almost throughout North America; also in Chile, Argentina, and Brazil. Among the collections cited, Stewart 1202 is a transitional form approaching typical J. tenuis. Recent study of an extensive series of southwestern collections in SPoiophylli shows that the disintegration of the specific line between J. tenuis and J. macer is as pronounced as that between J. tenuis and J. Dudleyi. Again illustrations of this may be found in the eastern United States, such as Nils 8, from the mouth of the Patuxent River, Md., having some auricles of tenuis and some of macer and most of the mature seeds those of macer, and True 313, from Chester County, Pa., having auricles intermediate between tenuis and macer. The much more numerous inter- mediates in the western United States appear in various forms. Infre- quently one may show the prolonged, scarious auricles of macer in com- bination with the dark olive to brownish green inflorescence and mahogany- brown capsules of tenuis (Demaree 14946, Drew County, Ark.) ; but much more common are forms having the inflorescence and capsules of macer but the auricles imperceptibly, if at all, prolonged and the sheaths strongly tinted with red at the base. Such transitional forms seem to be the basis of the anomalous J. dichotomus var. platyphyllus Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 30: 448 (1903). The unreliability of the characters employed to maintain these plants as specifically distinct from one another becomes patent upon study of a comprehensive series of collections representing the full extent of their known geographic ranges. Thus the leaf-blades in a large proportion of the collections of typical J. Dudleyi are terete, either altogether (Howell 12775, Trinity County, Calif.) or in part (Hermann 7944, Keweenaw County, Mich.), whereas the leaf-blades of “typical” tenuis may be abso- lutely terete throughout, or flat at the base to terete towards the apex, or 58 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [ VOL. XXV convolute, or involute, several types being frequently found on a single plant. Likewise the ridges marking off the areolae on the seeds in J. tenuis, although very pronounced up to the time of full maturity, tend to become eventually almost as inconspicuous as those in the seeds of J. macer; and the differences between the two in relative width and length of the areolae are equally unstable. For the reasons given, it has seemed desirable to regard both J. Dudlevi and J. macer as varieties of J. tenuis. It is unfortunate that, according to the rules of nomenclature, Meyer’s J. tenuis var. multicornis must be taken up as the proper name for so widespread and common a plant as J. macer. Originally applied to a minor ecological or physiological form, it was poorly chosen for the form Meyer had in hand, and it becomes entirely meaningless as an epithet for the broader application in which it must now be used. Juncus nodosus L. var. meridianus Hermann, var. nov. Planta a varietate typica recedit fructus rostro breviore, 0.5—-0.75 mm. longo, valvulis apice non cohaerentibus. CoanuILaA: Saltillo, 1898, Palmer 264 (US). Cuinuanua: Ojo Almagre, Sierra Almagre, wet sand in canyon, locally abundant, tuberous, Johnston & Muller 1203; Chihuahua, a few plants in large bunches in moist shady place under overhanging rocks of river bank, 1908, Palmer 360 (typE, U. S. Nat. Herb.); 3 mi. west of Camargo, White 2268; Jimenez, wet sandy soil along Rio Florido, White 2088; El Cima, June 29, 1936, LeSueur 1112. Texas: Glenn Springs, Chisos Mts., Warnock 770 (US); Lower Oak Canyon, Chisos Mts., Sperry 329 (US); Gano Springs, west of Chisos Mts., Sperry 401 (US). Known only from Coahuila, Chihuahua, and the Chisos area in Texas. In typical J. nodosus, which ranges across the northern United States and south to Virginia, Illinois, New Mexico, and southern Nevada, the narrowly oblong capsules generally equal the perianth in length, only the long beak, 0.75-1.5 mm. long, being exserted. In the var. meridianus the broadly oblong capsules conspicuously exceed the perianth, the short, abrupt beak, 0.5-0.75 mm. long, having its base raised about 1 mm. above the tips of the perianth-segments. The capsule-valves in the var. meridianus are less firm in texture than those of typical nodosus, are usually pale stra- mineous in color rather than dark brown, and apparently separate com- pletely immediately upon dehiscence instead of cohering at the apex. The stamens are very frequently reduced to three in the variety, and the rhizomes tend to be more generally and prominently tuberiferous. Juncus Torreyi Coville, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 22: 303 (1895). Coanumta: Sierra del Carmen, Aug. 9, 1936, Marsh 647, 745; Monclova, Marsh 648 Widely distributed in the United States and south into Coahuila. Juncus saximontanus Nels. Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 29: 401 (1902). CoanutLa: Sierra del Carmen, Cafion Sentenela, Wynd & Mueller 509; Sierra Hechiceros, Cafion Indio Felipe, water along creek, Stewart 145, Colorado to British Columbia, south to Oregon, Arizona, and New Mexico; extending south in Mexico to Durango and east into northern Coahuila. Of the two collections cited, that from the Sierra del Carmen 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 59 belongs to the forma brunnescens (Rydb.) Hermann, differing from the typical form in having relatively smaller, more numerous, and fewer- flowered heads in the inflorescence. LILIACEAE Smilax bona-nox L. Sp. PI. 1030 (1753). Coanuma: Yerda Spring, near Muzquiz, Marsh 266; Sierra Gloria, Marsh 1995. A plant of eastern Mexico and eastern United States. Entering our area from adjoining Nuevo Leon. Asphodelus fistulosus L. Sp. PI. 309 (1753). Glyphosperma Palmeri Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 164 (1883). Coauutrta: Saltillo, sandy valleys, 1880, Palmer 1320 (type of G. Palmeri) ; Saltillo, in roadside ditch: juncoid, oe clumps 1-2™% ft. aa bois pinkish, Johnston 7246. Zacatecas: Near Concepcion del Oro, 1902, Palm Introduced from southern Europe and ae aad in central Mexico. Anthericum Torreyi Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. 15: 317 (1876). Coanvutta: Hillcoat Canyon west of Buena Vista Ranch, July 13, 1938, Marsh 2285; Valle de los Guajes, 25 km. south of Buena Vista, grassy flat, not common, erect, fl. orange, Stewart 1327; basal slope of low limestone hill on plateau north of Canon de Cuervo Chico, gravelly places, erect, fl. orange, Johnston 8566; oli hills near La Rosa, Shreve & Tinkham 9574. CHIHUAHUA: 16 km. south of E billas, silty flat, frequent, erect, fl. yellowish, Stewart 2362; Chihuahua, LeSueur a Pringle 666; 11 mi. northeast of Camargo, silty soil along dee one plant, fl. orange, Johnston 7922; high valley at northwestern end of Sierra Diablo, open hillside and siege meadows, not common, erect, fl. orange, Stewart 971. ZacaTECAS: 18 km. est of Concepcion del Oro, on mountain, 18 in. tall, fl. yellow, Stanford et al. 600. The plants referred here have fruits less than 12 mm. (commonly not surpassing 10 mm.) long. The leaves in Stanford et al. 600 and Johnston 7922 are 4-6 mm. wide and flat, but the other collections have them con- spicuously narrower, usually revolute, and with veins more prominent and crowded. is latter form is icles A. Torreyi and is found in western Chihuahua, New Mexico, and western Texas. The material from Arizona and adjacent Mexico, passing as A. Torreyi, differs in having the filaments nearly smooth and not conspicuously vesicular-roughened as in typical A. Torreyi. Anthericum stenocarpum Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. 15: 317 (1876). CoaHuILaA: Sierra del Pino, head of Canon Ybarra, dry hillside, Stewart 1259a; Sierra del Pino, edule north of high eastern ridge, frequent, crevices, ie slopes, fl. orange, Stewart 2283; Sierra Pino, a ia, meadows and rrace along et al. 423; San Antonio de las Alencanis: yellow, 2 ft. tall, frequent, Gregg 393 (ISOTYPE). A plant of the oak and pine belts characterized by its coarse habit, large strict capsules (13-20 mm. long), and broad flat leaves. It is also known rom the Sierra Madre of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas. Watson, Proc. Am. 60 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [ VOL. XXV Acad, 18: 164 (1883), reports the species from Lirios, Coahuila (Palmer 12) Anthericum leptophyllum (Benth.) Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. 15: 317 (1876). Coanvuimta: Near Saltillo, Sept. 1898, Palmer 327. The above collection may be only a phase of A. Torrey, but it very much resembles the type collection of A. lepidophyllum, from Aguas Calientes. This latter species is close to the more northern A. Torreyi, differing in its shorter, somewhat firmer, scabridulous leaves, which at anthesis seem to be less well developed than in A. Torrey. Hemiphylacus latifolius Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 164 (1883). CoaHviLa: Mountains 6 mi. east of Saltillo, 1880, Palmer 1319 (TYPE) ; Chojo Aug. 1904, Palmer 367; rolling hills 11 km. northeast of Jimulco, fl. white, tubers 1-2) in. long, Stanford et al. 79. Known also from San Luis Potosi and Oaxaca. A very coarse broad- leaved herb with unusual sausage-shaped tubers. Zigadenus virescens (H.B.K.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 4 (1918). Coauvita: Carneros Pass area, 1880, Palmer 1321; Carneros Pass, Pringle 2827 ; ? Hillcoat Mesa west of Encantada Ranch, July 25, 1938, Marsh 1473 Widely distributed in the mountains of Mexico. Schoenocaulon Coulteri Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. 17: 477 (1879). Schoenocaulon intermedium Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc. 17: 477 (1879), as to Coulter 568. Schoenocaulon macrocarpum Brinker, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 29: 300 (1942). Coauvutta: Mountain-border near Saltillo, frequent, 2 ft. tall, root used for snuff, June 25, 1848, Gregg 214; high western end of Sierra Fragua north of Puerto Pelocado. rocky soil under pines on east slopes, frequent, 12-30 in. tall, corolla yellowish green, Johnston 8754; Sierra del Pino, dry rocky slope at lower edge of pine-oak belt below La Noria, tak Johnston & Muller 421; Sierra Mojada, Canon Hidalgo, about cliffs in shady canyon below the crest, fot common, erect, fl. white, Stewart 1070. Cummvuanua: Sierra Santa Eulalia, 1885, Pringle 40; 14 km. up Cafion Rayo, north- east end i“ Sierra Diablo, shade of bushes on arroyo bank, not common, fl. white, Stewart Ranging; in our area and in the mountains of eastern Mexico south at least to Hidalgo (type from Zimapan); apparently also in the Guadalupe Mts. of western Texas and adjoining southeastern New Mexico. The species much resembles and is closely related to S. Drummondii and especially S. texanum of Texas, differing from them in its more southern range and extremely fibrous bulb-coats. The bulbs of the Texan plants have friable papery coats and are persistently fibrous only at the neck where they project from the soil. The usually more elongate and deeply buried bulbs of S. Coulteri have extremely fibrous coats. The outer coats disintegrate in age and the older bulbs become thickly invested by very abundant coarse dark-colored fibers. Though S. intermedium Baker has page priority over S. Coultert Baker, I am taking up the latter name since it was based entirely on Coulter 1569, which clearly represents the present concept. Schoeno- caulon intermedium is founded on Coulter 1568, representative of our 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 61 concept, and Coulter 1570, representative of S. caricifolium (Schlecht.) Gray. I have been unable to follow ag Seager of See Ae recently proposed by Brinker, Ann. Mo. . Gard. 29: 283-316 (1942). His classification is decidedly anconvincing. His key is short, artificial, and not successful. Though he proposes many new species, his descriptions are cursory and the individual species have no discussion or explanation. Sus- picion is immediately aroused by the lack of geographical segregation among the very obviously closely related species he recognizes, as also their lack of conformity to the familiar patterns of geographical distribution followed by most groups of Mexican plants. This is well exemplified by his classification of the species of the Pacific Coast of Mexico, probably all conspecific and properly called S. calcicola Greenm., which he has broken up into S. calcicola Greenm., S. jaliscense Greenm., S. megarrhiza Jones, S. regulare n. sp., S. tenue n. sp., and S, Mortonii n. sp. Material of S. Coulteri, as I have defined it, Brinker classifies under S. Coultert, S. Drummondii Gray, S. macrocarpum n. sp., and S. texanum Scheele. The bulb coats amey distinguish S. Coulteri from S. Drummondi and S. texanum. Brinker’s S. macrocarpum is a synonym of S. Coulteri. Schoeno- caulon caricifolium (Schlecht.) Gray, which has a synonym in S. comatum Brinker, is a plant of east-central Mexico, more closely related to the plant of western Mexico than to S. Coulteri. From S. Coulteri it is readily dis- tinguished by its more slender spike of smaller flowers and its stouter usually longer pedicellate spreading capsules. Milla biflora Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 76 (1793). VERNACULAR NAMES: Mayo blanco; Flor de Mayo; Estrellas. Coauutta: Sierra Hechiceros, gravelly flat at head Re Cafon Madera, locally common, Johnston & Muller 1298, eae Sier se rmaiencue Rancho En- El Pino, 10 km. southeast of Sierra Rica, pen Suny slope, Pcie fl. white, Stewart 2562; 4 km. east of Tepopote, silty flat, scarce, erect, fl. white, Stewart 23065; Piramide, base of rock-masses, Johnston 8150; bigh valley at northwestern end 6 Sierra Diablo, sunny open hillsides, not common, erect, fl. white, Stewart 965; 31 mi southeast of Jimenez, scattered on grassy desert valley, fl. white with ae stripe down outside of each lobe, Muller 3338; plains near Chihuahua, Pringle 6 Ranging from central Mexico northward along the western ie Madre to Sonora, Chihuahua, and southeastern Arizona. Milla Bryani Johnston, Jour. Arnold Arb. 24: 90 (1943). VERNACULAR NAME: Sebollin CoaHUILA: West base of Picacho del Fuste, north-facing slope about limestone rocks, common, fl. white with green lines, Johnston 8364; near head of Canon del Cuervo Chico, rocky slopes and crests of limestone, 1-3 ft. tall, perianth white with among ae ik and pines on ridge, 2-3 ft. tall, not common rolla white with greenish stripe, Johnston 8777; Rancho La Botica, Valle Delicias, open pres erect, 3 dm. tall, fl. white, Stewart 2848, 2898. 62 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV An endemic species closely related to M. biflora and replacing it in the limestone mountains of central Coahuila. Differing from its relative in its more elongate and slender corolla and exserted filaments. Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt. in Britt. & Br. Ill. Fl. N. U.S. 1: 415 (1896). CoanuiLa: Sierra del Carmen, Cafion Sentenela, Wynd & Mueller 589; Sierra Gloria, Marsh 1929; Monclova, 1880, Palmer; Sierra Hechiceros, El Tule, damp soil in arroyo, fa'rly common, erect, fl. white, Stewart 499; dry steep canyon 5 km. north- east of Jimulco, Stanford et al. 121. CHimuAHuA: Sierra Hechiceros, Rancho En- campanada, 1940, Stewart. Zacatecas: Concepcion del Oro, exposed mesas among thorny and scrubby plants, 1904, Palmer 270 Widely distributed in Mexico and eastern United States. Muilla Purpusii Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 177 (191 Bloomeria Purpusii (Brandeg.) Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 9 (1918). Coauurra: Sierra de la Paila, Oct. 1910, Purpus 4859 (IsoTYPE). A bulbous plant bearing a slender scape terminating in an umbel of small blue flowers. The species is known only from the type collection. Its generic position is uncertain. Allium cernuum Roth in Roem. Arch. 18: 40 (1798). Coauuita: Sierra del Carmen, Aug. 26, 1936, Marsh 609. Widely distributed in United States and extending south into northern Mexico. Our material belongs to the southwestern variant which has been called A. neomexicanum I am indebted to Prof. Marion Ownbey for identification of the speci- mens of Adlium cited in the present paper. Allium Drummondii Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. 32: 112 (1875). CoanuILa: Valley of the ng Grande near Piedras Negras, April 20, 1900, Pringle 9185; Burro Mts., G. Jermy 1 Kansas saute through ae and southeastern New Mexico to Coahuila. Allium glandulosum Link & Otto, Icon. Rar. 1: 33. t. 17 (1828). CutmuAHuA: Cafion Madera, southeastern flank of Sierra Rica, frequent on talus slope 5 km. up canyon, oak-pinyon belt, Stewart 2532 Widely distributed in Mexico. Prof. Ownbey states that the species differs from A. Kunthi in having slender fleshy rhizomes produced from the base of the bulbs, and adds that perhaps A. rhizomatum Woot. & Standl., from New Mexico, may be a synonym of the species. Allium Kunthii Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 6: 82 (1827). VERNACULAR NAME: Cebolla cimarron. CoanuiLa: Western slope of Sierra del Carmen, 10 km. east of Hac. Encantada, open hillside, Stewart 1690; Hillcoat Mesa, west of Encantada Ranch, July 25, 1938, hal be Canon Madera, Sierra Guajes, east of Rancho Buena Vista, hillside, Chico, rocky bank in open canyon, Johnston 85224; Sierra Madera, Cafion Charretera, stony open place on canyon floor, Johnston 9151; Sierra Madera, Cafion del Agua, abundant among desert shrubs in foothills at canyon-mouth, Muller 3204; high western 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 63 ridge of Sierra Fragua, north of Puerto Colorado, gravelly ete along crest, Johnston northeastern side of Sierra Diablo, silty slope, Stewart 858; Portrero Mts., east of Mapula station, summit, Sept. 10, 1886, Pringle 803. Zacatecas: Cedros, Aug. 1908, Lloyd 198. Western Texas and New Mexico south to southern Mexico. Growing in rocky soil in sunny places in canyons and on ridges, usually in local colonies. Corolla white to pink. Calochortus barbatus (H.B.K.) Painter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 348 (1911). Calochortus barbatus subsp. chihuahuanus Painter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 349 (1911). Calochortus barbatus var. chihuahuanus Macbr. Contr. Gray Herb. 59: 28 (1919). CHInUAHUA: Sierra Santa Eulalia, summits, 1885, Pringle 328 (isotype of var. chihuahuanus). e species usually has yellow petals. The plant from Santa Eulalia has purplish petals and has been distinguished as var. chihuahuanus. Nolina cespitifera Trel. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 50: 419 (1911). CoanuiLa: Valle de los Guajes, 20 km. south of Buena Vista, grassy flat, Stewart 1338; western base of Sierra Guajes, 8 km. east of Buena Vista, igneous hillside, Stewart on flats and in broad arroyos, Johnston 8956; western end of Sierra Fragua, north of Puerto Colorado, high ridge with pines on steep rocky brushy slopes, Johnston 8771; Buena Vista battlefield, May 21, 1847, Wislizenus 308 (Mo, TyPE); near Saltillo, high dry lands, Dec. 25, 1847, Gregg 81; Carneros Pass area, July 1880, Palmer; cm. southwest of Fraile, in arroyo, sfalies 18 inches tall, Stanford et al. 343. CHIHUAHUA: Sierra Rica, Cahon Madera, dry open slopes, Stewart 2533 nown only from our area and from the vicinity of Galeana in the Sierra Madre of Nuevo Leon. The inflorescence becomes 4—9 dm. tall and commonly does not much surpass the large rosette of leaves. The axis and branches of the panicle, especially in the more southern material, may be very much roughened by epidermal protuberances. The capsule, in size, shape, and dehiscence, is much like that of V. cexana and, as in that species, is soon ruptured, exposing the maturing seeds. The lobes of the ruptured capsule are conspicuously stained with r The species is to be confused only with \V. erumpens, from which it may be readily distinguished by its somewhat yellowish, rather than grayish, green leaves, usually roughened branches of the inflorescence, and smaller soon-dehiscent capsules conspicuously reddish at the base. Its broad leaves quickly separate it from NV. texana and N. micrantha. Nolina erumpens (Torr.) Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 248 (1879). CoanuiLa: Sierra del Carmen, Sept. 7, 1936, Marsh 810; near Santo Domingo, limestone hill, Wynd & Mueller 452; Hillcoat Canyon, west Of Buena Vista Ranch, July 13, 1938, Marsh 1291. Cutmuanua: Rocky slope of mountains 2—3 mi. east of Virulento, inflorescence 4 ft. tall, Johnston 8064. Known only from trans-Pecos Texas (western Terrell to southern Hudspeth Counties) and south into our area. Torrey appears to have based the species on Wright 1918, a collection apparently composed of material 64 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV from southern Hudspeth Co. and from eastern Jeff Davis Co., Texas. Torrey’s description calls for leaves 6 mm, wide and rounded (semiterete ) beneath and seeds bursting the capsules and long persistent. These details, and the specific name, apply to V. texana. The material of Wright 1918 at St. Louis and Cambridge, however, is characteristic V. erumpens as currently accepted, with broad flat leaves and seeds filling but not bursting the somewhat angulate and inflated pods. Possibly Torrey’s species has been misinterpreted. Because of war conditions, however, I have been unable to examine the type of V. erumpens. Nolina microcarpa Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 247 (1879). Nolina durangensis Trel. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 50: 421 (1911). Cuinuanua: Rocky hills near Chihuahua, 1885, Pringle 159; Pras of Chihuahua, stony bluffs and hills, flowering stems 5-6 ft. tall, 1908, Palmer 355. Ranging from southern Arizona and New esas fer into Durango. One of the broad-leaved species having a large elongate inflorescence with internodes 4-8 cm. long. The papery long-pedicellate fruits open along the sutures and are not disrupted by the growing seeds. Nolina texana Wats. var. compacta (Trel.) Johnston, Jour. Arnold Arb. 24:90 1943). Nolina ae Trel. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 50: 417 rare Nolina caudata Trel. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 50: 417 Nolina erumpens compacta Trel. Proc. Am. Philos. — 50: “418 (1911). Cuimuanua: Below the Sandhills [betw. Candelaria and Lucero] on the El Paso- Chihuahua City road, Aug. 17, 1846, Wislizenus 219 (Mo, excluding the leaf ?); rocky hills near Chihuahua, “fruit and leaves, May,” 1885, Pringle 2 in pt. (GH) ; rocky hills near Chihuahua, April-May, 1885, Pringle 1 & 2 (Mo, type of N. affinis). Ranging from trans-Pecos Texas west to southeastern Arizona and south into inne A sheet at St. Louis, labeled as composed of Pringle no. 1 and no. 2, bears Trelease’s designation as type of his NV. affints. Although Trelense: cited some collections of NM. micrantha when he published his N. affinis, his designated type-specimen entirely represents NV. texana var. compacta. As is very unusual in Pringle’s superb collections, his specimens of Nolina numbered / and 2 (the first numbers in his famous set of Mexican exsiccatae) seem to be mixtures of two species. In his published diary he mentions collecting material for his no. 7 in Bachimba Canyon (i.e. between Mapula and Horcasitas stations, 20-35 km. southeast of Chihuahua) on April 2, 1885, and again on April 4, ‘‘on ledges northeast of house” on the northeastern outskirts of Chihuahua. He mentions collecting Nolina no. 2 in Bachimba Canyon on May 22. I suspect that the material obtained on the outskirts of Chihuahua and that obtained in Bachimba Canyon were different species, one being VV. texana var. compacta and the other NV. micrantha, Flowering and fruiting material of both species were dis- tributed mixed under the two numbers. Nolina micrantha Johnston, Jour. Arnold Arb. 24: 91 (1943). CoAHuILA: Sierra Hechiceros, vicinity of Rancho EI Tule, rocky slopes and flats, Johnston & Muller 1326 (typE), Stewart 490. CHIHUAHUA: Sierra Hechiceros, Rancho Encampanada, sunny hillside, Stewart 193; Organos, base of grassy oak-clad 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, Ill 65 hills, Stewart & Johnston eee rocky hills near Chihuahua, May 1885, Pringle 2 in pt.; vicinity of Santa Eulalia, common on stony hills and mesas, 1908, Palmer 1 An endemic species ak thick narrow leaves resembling these of N. texana. It is probably most closely related to V. texana, but differs in its ange smaller flowers, larger looser inflorescence with less rigid, less wiggy, more slender and elongate branches, purpurascent capsules, and md less lacerate bractlets. Dasylirion cedrosanum Trel. ex Lloyd, Publ. oe Inst. 139: 23 (July 1911); Trel. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 50: 431 (Aug. 1911). Dasylirion Palmeri Trel. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 50: 432 (19 ? Dasylirion texanum aberrans Trel. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. at 434 (1911). VERNACULAR NAMES: Sotol; Cortadilla; Sotol cenizo. Coanurmta: Mouth of Cafion de la Cruz, 20 km. south of Ocampo, common, Puerto Colorado, common, Johnston 8720; Monclova, 1880, Palmer 1315 (Mo, photo of type of D. texanum aberrans); Puerto San Lazaro, 1936, Wynd & Mueller 165; Rancho La Luz, Sierra de la Paila, April 22, 1905, Endlich 7 (Mo); San Lorenzo Canyon, southeast : Saltillo, 1905, mo 696 (type of D. Palmeri); near Saltillo, Dec. 25, 1847, Gregg 78. ZACATECAS: ar Cedros, foothills, June 1908, Lloyd 118 (Mo, TYPE) ; ste June 1908, oe 96 (Mo, GH), Lloyd 82 (Mo). A coarse plant with large, dull, rarely glaucescent leaves 20-25 mm. wide bearing stout antrorsely curved marginal thorns. The species is known only from our area. Dasylirion Stewartii Johnston, Jour. Arnold Arb, 24: 92 (1943). Dasylirion Stewartii var. glaucum Johnston, Jour. Arnold Arb, 24: 93 (1943). VERNACULAR NAME: Sotol. Cc 11a: Vicinity of Santa Elena, eastern foothills of Sierra Cruces, common, Stewart 823 (type), 841; 7 mi. north of Santa Elena, Johnston & Muller 331; 3 mi. northwest of El Oro on road to Esmeralda, White 1970. CHiHuaHuA: Mouth of Cafion del Rayo, Sierra Diablo, Stewart 957 (type of var. glaucum). A coarse plant much resembling the more southern and eastern D. cedro- sanum, from which it differs by having the stout curved marginal thorns of the leaves retrorse rather than antrorse. The typical form of the species in the Sierra de las Cruces has dull green leaves. Collections from the Sierra Mojada and Sierra Diablo, further south, have very pale glaucous leaves and have been described as var. glaucum. Dasylirion texanum Scheele, Linnaea 23: 140 (1850). VERNACULAR NAME: Sotol. Coanuita: Monclova, Aug. 1880, Palmer 1315; Sierra del Pino, abundant on dry rocky Rhee s and ies a ie eastern ridge bast of La Noria, scape 8-15 ft. tall, Johnston & Muller A species an narrow (up to 15 mm. wide) lustrous green leaves with sharp antrorse marginal thorns. This is a plant centering on the Edwards Plateau and probably entering Coahuila from the northeast. Dasylirion heteracanthum Johnston, Jour. Arnold Arb. 24: 92 (1943). VERNACULAR NAME: Sotol. Coa LA: Western base of Picacho del Fuste, frequent on rocky slopes and flats, Pee ee (TYPE). 66 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV This species is closely related to both D. texanum and D. leiophyllum and grows in an area between these two species; possibly it intergrades with both of them. It is known from the Big Bend area of Texas and the area eastward to the lower Pecos. It differs from its relatives in its somewhat broader, usually non-lustrous leaves with usually straight divaricate mar- ginal thorns. Occasional thorns on the leaf-margins may be weakly curved, but the thorns are not like cats-claws and neither antrorse as in D. texanum nor retrorse as in D. leiophyllum. Dasylirion leiophyllum Engelm. ex Trel. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, 50: 433 (1911). CuHInvuAHUA: Sierra Santa Eulalia, 1885, Pringle 149; northwest of Chihuahua, LeSueur 565; vicinity of Chihuahua, 1908, Rose 11682 i te) A plant with narrow lustrous green leaves 14-19 mm. wide, armed with stout recurved marginal thorns. ‘The type was collected at Presidio by Havard in 1880. In Texas the species ranges from Presidio and Jeff Davis Counties westward along the mountains near the Rio Grande and is reported as extending into the mountains of southeastern New Mexico. Information regarding its distribution in Chihuahua is fragmentary. I have observed the plant on limestone slopes near Charca de Pefa, about 120 km. east of Chihuahua. I saw no plants of Dasylirion during my journey by railroad from Chihuahua to Ojinaga, although numerous limestone mountains were seen on which it might be expected. Most of central eastern Chihuahua being composed of volcanic rocks, it is not surprising that Dasylirion is absent in that area. Dasylirion Wheeleri Wats.; Rothrock in Wheeler, Rep. U. S. Surv. 100th Meridian 6 8 (1878). Dasylirion durangensis Trel. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 50: 438 (1911). Dasylirion Wheeleri Wislizeni Trel. Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 50: 439 (1911). Curiuanuua: Near Lake Santa Maria, 1899, Nelson 6392. Ranging from southern Arizona and New Mexico south in the highlands of Chihuahua and Sonora to Durango. Trelease reports his D. Wheeleri Wislizeni from the mountains near El Paso and adjoining Chihuahua _ the south. The species has leaves usually 15-20 mm. wide armed w stout antrorse marginal thorns. The typical Arizona plant has pale foliage The New Mexican material appears to be usually green. The large, broadly winged, usually deeply notched fruits have a conspicuous pedicel. The staminate clusters are usually evidently pedunculate. The evident pedicels and peduncles are useful characters in distinguishing the species. Dasylirion Berlandieri Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 249 (1879). Coauvuita: Angostura, south of Saltillo, May 21, 1847, Wislizenus 307 (Mo). The cited specimen is a poor one, but it may represent D. Berlandieri, or possibly juvenile D. cedrosanum. Dasylirion Berlandieri ranges in the Sierra Madre of Nuevo Leon from near Monterey south at least to the Galeana area and can be expected within the Coahuilan borders. It has dull green leaves, 15-30 mm. wide, with numerous small relatively weak antrorse marginal thorns. Its broadly winged deeply notched fruit tends to be broader than long. 1944 | JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, Hl 67 Hesperaloe funifera (Koch) Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14: 36. t. 3-4 (1902). VERNACULAR NAME: Samandoque. Puerto Caballo], silty grassy flat, clumps scattered, Johnston 8313; about 15 km. east of San Antonio de los Alamos, brushy flats, local colony, Johnston $8294; Cerro del Cypriano, near Mohovano, June 1910, Purpus 4508. A yucca-like plant growing on clay and stony flats and on gentle slopes along the base of sierras. It appears to favor moderately gypsiferous soils and possibly because of this fact usually grows on Upper Cretaceous beds or on outwash near them. Though the species occurs over a large area, its distribution is discontinuous and seemingly erratic. It may be present, scantily or in local abundance, and then absent for considerable distances. In addition to stations represented by specimens cited, it has been observed also in the area south of Peyotes, south of Laguna de Leche, north of Puerto Colorado, near Matrimonio, and on the Atravasada between FE] Oro and Esmeralda. South of our area it has been collected about 150 km. east of San Luis Potosi, at Hacienda de Angostura, a distant area sharing a large number of peculiar plants with the area about Cuatro Cienegas. It has been reported in cultivation, for its fibers, at Bustamente in the moun- tains of southwestern Tamaulipas. Various stations for the species are known in northern Nuevo Leon It is a plant of distinctive appearance. It is acaulescent and its large, erect, usually clustered rosettes are composed of relatively few, strictly ascending, stiff, elongate leaves 1-1.8 m. long. The leaf-blades are concavo- convex, lustrous and beautifully lineate-grooved beneath and very stiffly and coarsely fibrous on the margins. The slender-stemmed inflorescence becomes 3 m. tall, with the upper two-fifths bearing a few slender divaricate branches 3-12 dm. long. The small nearly rotate corolla is greenish yellow or slightly stained with purple. Yucea Torreyi Shafer in Britton & Shafer, No. Am. Trees 157 (1908); McKelvey, Yuccas of S.W. U.S. 1: 104-117. t. 52-58 (1938). Yucca baccata var. macrocarpa Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 221 (1859). Yucca macrocarpa (Torr.) Merriam, No. Am. Fauna 7: 358 (1893); Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 110. t. 70-71 (1902); not Y. macrocarpa Engelm. (1881). VERNACULAR NAMES: Palma China; Palma de San Juan; Palma de Pita; Palma criolla; Palma cenisa; Palma loca. Coanuma: Muzquiz, Marsh 1162; 20 mi. north of Hipolito, on desert, Wynd & Mueller 67; flats of La Vega, about 15 km. southeast of Cuatro Cienegas, Schroeder 84; foothills of Sierra Cruces, near Santa Elena, frequent, Johnston & Muller 332. This species centers in our area and extends north across the Rio Grande into western Texas and adjoining New Mexico. It has been reported as far south as San Juan de Guadalupe, in the easternmost corner of Durango. The plant grows in limestone as well as igneous areas, and is found among desert scrub in the broad valleys, scattered in grasslands, occasional on rough basaltic slopes, but best developed in the foothills of limestone mountains, where, in the company of Yucca carnerosana and Dasylirion, 68 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV it is frequently rather common. It occurs at much lower altitudes than Y. carnerosana and does not ascend as high in the mountains. It usually grows singly or in small groups and ssauiapesi and it never forms great congregations, the so-called ‘‘Palmares,” as does Y. carnerosana. It is usually an unkempt plant, commonly 3-5 m. tall, normally with several acl trunks. These trunks, thatched with selexed dead leaves, bear an elongate, rather untidy head of stiff sword-like grayish leaves. The leaves of Y. carnerosana radiate from a hemispherical axis, forming a tidy symmetrical globose cluster. The axis of Y. Torreyi is elongate, and the head of leaves is distinctly longer than broad. Its leaves do not spread regularly and the leaf-cluster is usually confused and untidy be- cause of seemingly crossed leaves and lack of perfect symmetry. Compared with the trim dignified plants of the aristocratic VY. carnerosana, those of Y’. Torreyi seem disheveled and somewhat ill-nourished, though individually more interesting because their form of growth is less stereotyped. Exploration has shown that Y. Torreyi, formerly known only from western Texas (the type came from the Davis Mts.), is generally dis- tributed in Coahuila and eastern Chihuahua south into northeastern Durango and northern Zacatecas. Southern plants of Y. Torreyi have the appearance and behavior of the plants along the Rio Grande and are obviously conspecific with them. Trelease, however, while maintaining Y. Torreyi (under the name Y. macrocarpa) as a valid species in trans- Pecos Texas and adjoining Mexico, failed to recognize that the species extends into the southern and eastern portions of our area. Plants from these latter portions of our area Trelease identified as typical Y. Treculeana. Mrs. McKelvey, l.c., p. 75, has shown that true Y. Treculeana is the plant of southern Texas, Tamaulipas, and eastern Nuevo Leon which Trelease called Y. Treculeana var. canaliculata. She has also shown that the plants of Texas, in the area between Uvalde and the mouth of the Rio Pecos, adjoining northeastern Coahuila, which Trelease included in the typical variety of “VY. Treculeana,”’ are also referable to Y. Torreyi. Yucca Treculeana possibly may enter Coahuila on the Rio Grande Plain in the very extreme northeastern portions of the state. The Coahuilan plants, however, which Trelease and others have called “Y. Treculeana” probably all belong to Y. Torreyz. Yucca carnerosana (Trel.) McKelvey, Yuccas of S.W. U.S. 1: 24 (1938). Samuela carnerosana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 118. t. 76-81 (1902). VERNACULAR NAMES: Palma de San fake Palma de San Pedro; Palma barreta; Zamandoque CoauuILa: Sierra del Pino, abundant on hillsides and valleys, Johnston & Muller 712; eastern foothills of Sierra Cruces near Santa Elena, common, Johnston & Muller 1013; near Saltillo, 1898, Palmer 197; mouth of San Lorenzo Canyon, southeast of Saltillo, 1903, Dewey 578 (US); Carneros Pass, limestone hillsides, Pringle 3912 (1so- TYPE); Carneros Pass, 1900 and 1905, Trelease 58, 167 (Mo). Zacatecas: Cedros, hills and foothills, Lloyd 35 (US); Mazapil, Lloyd 35 (Mo). A common and characteristic plant of rocky limestone soils on the plateau from the Big Bend area in Texas south into San Luis Potosi, and a familiar 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, IIT 69 feature on mountain-sides and in open mountain valleys up into the lower parts of the Oak Belt. It may occur, sometimes abundantly, on rocky pediment slopes along the mountains, but probably it rarely descends below 4000 ft. altitude. It is the most conspicuous element in that characteristic zone of vegetation on limestone sierras of western Coahuila, appropriately called the “Palma Belt.” The trunk becomes 2—4 m. tall and rarely even taller, and, though sev- eral may spring from the ground together, they are seldom branched. The stout trunk is commonly clothed with reflexed dead foliage and above bears a large trim globose cluster of rigid radiating sword-like leaves. It is said to flower in April and May. The species is probably present on most limestone mountains of Coahuila except some in the eastern portions of the state. Its exact eastern limit has not been determined. Mr. Stewart reports that it is abundant on the western slopes of the Sierra del Carmen near Hacienda Encantada. Farther south I have seen it near La Mula and in the foothills of the Sierra Madera south of Ocampo. It is said to be abundant in the Sierra de la Paila. The large yuccas growing in oak-thickets along the crest of the high ridge just east of Saltillo, along the steep grade to Diamante, probably belong to the species. It is to be expected elsewhere along the western flank of the Sierra Madre. In southern Coahuila it is present, frequently in great abundance, in the east-west mountain ranges from Carneros Pass (the type locality) west to the extremity of the Sierra de Parras southwest of Parras. It is reported as common in extreme northeastern Zacatecas, at least as far west as Cedros, and Endlich, Beiheft z. Tropenpflanzer 9: 248 (1908), reports it from the Sierra de Ramires, farther west, within the extreme eastern corner of Durango. Farther north in northeastern Durango I know it from the area about Mapimi, and westward, along the road to Palmito Dam, on the mountains about Cadena and some miles beyond. Information regarding the distribution of the species in Chihuahua is very incomplete. Near the Coahuilan border in extreme southeastern Chihuahua the plant is known from the Sierra Almagre and the Sierra Diablo. The middle portion of eastern Chihuahua is largely composed of igneous rocks on which Y. carnerosana is absent. Farther north, however, there are limestones. I have seen the plant in the Sierra San Carlos, in the hills 10 miles south of Mula, and along the road northwest from Castillon, Coah., as far west as Tascate. Along the railroad between Chihuahua City and Ojinaga a yucca with the familiar habit of the Coahuilan plant is com- mon on all limestone mountains northeast of Las Trancas. The limestone mountains in this portion of Chihuahua have a north-south orientation and extend in broken chains north to the Rio Grande. The large yucca seen on the various sierras northeast of Las Trancas, accordingly, can be expected to range north to the Rio Grande and should therefore approach the range of Y. Faxoniana, an extremely close relative of Y. carnerosana, which is common in the limestone mountains along the Rio Grande south of Sierra Blanca and Van Horne, Texas. The plants seen along the 70 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [ VOL. XXV Chihuahua-Ojinaga railroad possibly may represent Y. Faxoniana or forms connecting it with Y. carnerosana. mee filifera Chabaud, Rev. Hort. 48: 432. f. 97 (tare? Carriére, Rev. Hort. 52: 76. f. 75-77 (1 yd - cit. 56: 53. f. 12, 13 (1884); Baker, Garden and Forest he f. 13, 14 (18 Yucca baccata var. pai Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 44 (1873). Yucca australis (Engelm.) Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 162. t. 3, 4 (1892), op. cit. : 103. t. 60, 61 (1902). VERNACULAR NAMES: Palma china; Palma loca; Palma grande. CoanuILa: Saltillo, tree yucca , Palmer 197; Parras, i sterile plain, largest specimens seen 15-25 ft. high, es ahd 2-3 ft. thi ck, Nov. 1852, Thurber 857. A large Yucca, with pendulous inflorescence and ene fruits, which becomes much branched and arborescent. It is reported to become 15 m. in height and to develop a trunk over 2 m. thick. In our area, trees 8-12 m. high are not uncommon. It is a plant of the broad valleys in the southern parts of our area, where it is frequently found in large colonies. From north of Monterey, N. L., it ranges on the east side of the Sierra Madre south into western Tamaulipas. It enters our area via the valleys northwest and west of Monterey. It grows in the valley near Saltillo and in the plain south of the Sierra Gavia, about 100 km. to the northward. West of Saltillo it is known from between General Cepeda and Seguin and about Parras. It appears to be widely distributed in northern Zacatecas. Kirkwood, Pop. Sci. Monthly 75: 442 (1909), states that in this latter area it often occurs with VY. carnerosana but has lower altitudinal limits and is primarily “a native of the wide valley lands, where it often occurs in great profusion as at Palmas Grandes, a few miles west of Mazapil, and again on the footslopes some twenty miles east of Camacho.” In extreme eastern Durango, Trelease reports the species as present along the railroad ‘in varying quantity, about La Mancha and thence south to about Symon.” According to Trelease the species extends south through San Luis Potosi to Queretaro. The name Yucca filifera is based upon a plant flowering under cultiva- tion in France and said to have been introduced from Mexico by Roezl. The descriptions and illustrations of the plant clearly apply to the present species and antedate by over twenty years the name Yucca australis, coined and given currency by Trelease. Trelease’s binomial is based upon Yucca baccata var. australis Engelm., a name founded upon material of the present species collected by Thurber near Parras and by Gregg near Saltillo. It is possible that our species may have earlier names, antedating even VY. filifera, in fol Baker and Yucca polyphylla Baker, Gard. Chron, 1870: 1088 (1870). These latter species were named by Baker upon the basis of a sterile plants of unknown origin cultivated in England. While it is possible that they may represent Y. filifera, the descriptions of them published are brief, incomplete, and ambiguous, and, in addition, the names are probably to be rejected as provisional names, since, when publishing them, Baker remarked that “I give now a pro- visional name for each of them, and an epitome of the notes which I have 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 71 already made, reserving diagnosis and full description for our intended monograph .. .” Baker failed to amplify his original remarks and later, ur. Linn. Soc. 18: 228 (1880), indicated, without actually making tri- ae that they were only varieties of Y. baccata Yucca eee Trel. Rep. Mo. ae Gard. 18: 229. t. 15-17 (1907); Endlich, Beiheft z. Tropenflanzer 9: 260 VERNACULAR NAME: Pitilla. This remarkable acaulescent fleshy-fruited yucca was apparently based upon material collected south of the Sierra Paila near Marte Station. It spreads by rhizomes and its rosettes of few strictly ascending or erect leaves (2.5-5 dm. long) are crowded to form dense clumps of moderate size. The inflorescence is shorter than the leaves. The small, cream to brownish or purplish flowers are described as 15 mm. long and borne on slender elongate pedicels over 25 cm. in length. The fruit is said to be 25-30 mm. long, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, and not very fleshy. Endlich reports that it is usually found in very dense, sharply defined, usually not very exten- sive clumps among the desert scrub in the area between the Sierra de Parras, the Sierra del Rosario, and the Sierra de la Paila, where, especially in the Valle de Rosario, it is common. The smooth dark green or bluish green leaves have a brown margin bearing stiffish recurving fibers. Yucca elata Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 7: 17 (1882). VERNACULAR NAMES: Palmito; Sollate. Coanvurita: Rancho El Pino, fairly common on sandy flat, Stewart 1781; 1 south of Las Norias, 20 mi. north of Esmeralda, silty soil rusian about sdeanet ss trunk 1-6 ft. tall, inflorescence 4-8 ft., fibers | deta ching and cu rling up at leaf-bases, Stewart 2655. Curmuanua: Hills around Juarez, 1912, Stravus (Mo); international boundary near White Water, June 18, 1892, Mearns 363 (US); between Casas Grandes and Sabinal, Nelson 6371; Moctezuma, 1900, Trelease 400 (Mo); Chihuahua, 1900, Trelease 399 (Mo); 10 a west of Julimes, frequent on sandy plain, Stewart & Johnston 2097; southeast of San Pablo, April 30, 1847, Gregg (NY Ranging from Arizona east into Brewster County, in trans-Pecos Texas, and south into our area, where it is restricted to finely divided, usually valley soils. In our area it grows on silts, sandy soils, and gypsum in loca- tions where there is evidence of moderate amounts of subterranean water, or in places where the storm waters collect and the soil beneath the surface remains moist during the growing season. In Coahuila and Chihuahua it is found in the open valleys and on rolling country dominated by grass or desert scrub. The species is uncommon in Coahuila and apparently is restricted to the western portions of the state. In addition to the Coahuilan stations from which I have cited specimens, I know it only near Castillon, where occasional plants grow about sabanetas. It probably grows in the northwest corner of the state, for it has been collected near the Rio Grande near the tip of the Big Bend at San Vicente, Texas. In northeastern Chihuahua I have seen the species, usually represented by only a few plants, at various places between Ojinaga and Chilicote, near Trincheras, 72 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [voL. XXV along the road between Piramide and Castillon, between San Francisco and Mestenas, and between Organos and Charca de Pena. Yucca rostrata Engelm. ex Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 68, t. 40-42 (1902). Yucca rostrata var. linearis Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 226 (1907). Yucca rostrata forma integra Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 102 (1911). VERNACULAR NAMES: Soyate; Amole. CoauuiLa: Peyotes, April 27, 1900, pier (Mo); Allende, Marsh 1757; Sabinas, May 21, 1902, Nelson 6231 (US, Mo), 6 NY); Hac. Mariposa at Puerto Santa Anna, Wynd é& Mueller 257; a in oe La Babia, northwest of Sabinas, March 10, 1906, Endlich 1161 ‘tos type of forma integra) ; Sierra del Carmen, 3 km. northeast of Hac. Encantada, common on hillsides, 2 m. tall, Stewart 1582; Berrendo, 3 m. tall, flower stalk 7 m. high, fruit with offensive odor, White 1861; Monclova, Aug. 1880, Palmer; Monclova, tree 8-10 ft., panicle 2.5-3 ft. long, much branched, Aug. 1880, Palmer (Mo, type) ; east of La Rosa, dry mountain slope, Wynd & Mueller 47; Sierra Pata Galana, March, Purpus 5586 (UC); Sierra Parras, rocky canyons, April 1905, Purpus 1132 (UC); Parras, April 9, 1905, Purpus (Mo); Parras, March 1905, Purpus 1103 (UC); two plants from canyons of Sierra Parras received at Mo Bot. Garden June 5, 1905, Purpus (Mo, type of var. linearis). Extending from just within Texas (Boquillas area, and 6 mi. above mouth of Maravillas Canyon) in the Big Bend Region, south through east- ern Coahuila to west of Saltillo and then west across southern Coahuila. It is known only from areas of limestone rock. It grows in rocky places on hillsides and along arroyos. Reports of the species from Chihuahua are almost certainly erroneous. Among our three species with flexible pallid leaves with a horny yellow margin, Y. rostrata is readily distinguished by its remarkable rostrate capsules. The fruit is ovoid with the upper third gradually contracted into a coarse stout beak 2-3 cm. long. The type of the species was collected near Monclova. The species usually has the leaf-margins denticulate, but plants with smooth or nearly smooth margins appear to be not uncommon. One of these latter forms, from Hacienda La Babia, was described as forma integra Trel. The material cited from southern Coahuila has narrow leaves. The northern typical plants have leaf-blades 7—13 (usually 8-12) mm. wide and 3—6 dm. long. Trelease based his var. linearis upon material collected by Purpus in the Sierra de Pata Galana and Sierra Parras which has narrowly linear blades 3-4 mm. wide and 4 dm. long. Some collections from Parras (Purpus 1132) are less extreme. Mrs. McKelvey, who had made a de- tailed study of all available material of Y. rostrata and Y. rigida, tells me that she suspects there are one or more undescribed species of Vucca in southern Coahuila and that one of these may be represented among the not very satisfactory collections of Purpus which I have cited above. She is particularly suspicious of Purpus 1103 from Parras, Purpus 5583 from Sierra Pata Galana, and Purpus 7717 from Viesca, in which the associated flowers are smaller in size and different in form from any known in indubitable Y. rostrata and its allies. Some of Trelease’s original suite, other than the type, of var. linearis may also represent this aberrant plant. Obviously, until there are good new collections of this group of yuccas of southern Coahuila, showing mature foliage, flowers, and fruit, their classification must remain doubtful and tentative. 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, Ill 73 Yucca Thompsoniana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 101. t. 104-107 (1911). VERNACULAR NAME: Palmilla. HUILA: Santa Elena, eastern foothills of Sierra Cruces, rocky hillsides and slopes, trunk 1-4 m., frequent, Stewart 2279; near Santa Elena, frequent, especially on limestone ledges, stems usually about 6 ft. tall, Johnston & Muller 329; arid hills near La Pistola, eastern border of Llano de Guaje, stems to 10 ft., locally common on limestone ledges, Johnston & Muller 771; western base of Picacho del Fuste, along arroyos and along terraces of cemented gravels, frequent in colonies, Johnston 8458 ; colony on gravelly outwash from canyon, trunks to 8 ft., leaf-margiis smooth, Johnston 8831. A species of western Texas, from Presidio to Val Verde County, and ranging south into our area. Apparently restricted to limestone. The type specimen was collected by Bigelow from mountains at ‘“Bufatello near Presidio del Norte,” Aug. 10, 1852, presumably along the Rio Grande Almagre, between Esmeralda and El Oro, on the Sierra Aplanchada, west of San Antonio de los Alamos, in the southern canyon of the Sierra del Pino, in canyons southeast of Puertecito, and in hills north of Tanque Colorado. The yuccas observed on the steep canyon-sides of Canon del Agua, just north of Cuatro Cienegas, probably were of this species, though possibly they may represent Y. rostrata. Yucca Thompsoniana is one of the three species in our area having flexible elongate pallid leaves with horny yellow margins. It ranges in western Coahuila and adjoining Chihuahua, whereas Y. rostrata occupies the limestones in eastern (and apparently southern) Coahuila, and Y. rigida occupies the limestone areas from northeastern Chihuahua south into northeastern Durango. Yucea rigida (Engeim.) Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 65. t. 35, 36 (1902). Yucca rupicola var. rigida Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 49 (1873). Yucca rigida inermis Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 102 (1912). VERNACULAR NAMES: Palma San José; Palmito. tall, with seed-pods, April 18, 1847, Gregg 477 (Mo, type). Duranco: South of Picardias, in box-canyon, Aug. 20, 1900, Trelease 396 (Mo). ZACATECAS: Mountains near Symon, June 1908, Lloyd 128; Sierra del Chivo, near Symon, June 1908, Lloyd 77 (Mo, type of forma inermis; UC, leaf-margins denticulate). Under the present species are grouped plants of Chihuahua, north- 74 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV eastern Durango, and adjoining Zacatecas which have pallid flexible leaves with horny yellow margins. Information regarding them is frag- mentary and the collections representing them are few and incom- plete. Possibly more than one species is involved. These western plants are most closely related to Y. Thompsoniana but appear to differ from that more easterly ranging species in having somewhat broader and longer leaves and tougher capsules said to have the valves flattened on the back. Until more collections are available for study, the species must remain puzzling, obscure, and somewhat questionable. The type of Y. rigida, a specimen consisting of leaves and capsules, was collected by Gregg on April 18, 1847 between Mapimi and Jimenez, while traveling rapidly with a small group of mounted soldiers carrying an urgent message from Saltillo to Chihuahua City. On April 18th the party traveled from Arroyo del Cerro Gordo, on the Durango-Chihuahua border (80 mi. northwest of Mapimi), to a point in the desert about 25 mi. southeast of Jimenez. Traveling rapidly, Gregg must have had little time to collect plants. Possibly he may have been able to collect the yucca on the mountain-side or in the canyon at San Bernardo (30 mi, southwest of Escalon), where the party rested at mid-day. With Gregg’s specimen, Trelease associated material he collected at the southeastern end of the Sierra Hispafia, not far from Picardias, a station in the valley of the Rio Aguanaval. He reports that the plant “is abundant on or near rocky hillsides” near Picardias and along the railroad to about Jalisco, a station 10 km. farther southeast. The same species has been collected in the Sierra del Chivo, near Symon, along the same railroad about 100 km. still farther to the southeast. Collections from the latter locality (Lloyd 77) with smooth leaf-margins have been described as VY. rigida inermis, The type of this form at St. Louis does have smooth entire leaf- margins. However, a duplicate of the same collection at Berkeley has the leaf-margins denticulate. In addition to the plants of Durango, Trelease also associates with Gregg’s collection a yucca that has been collected in the general vicinity of Chi- huahua City. Trelease mentions the Sierra Santa Eulalia, Wilkinson’s material is labeled as from that range of mountains. Pringle’s collection, no. 165, is given as from “rocky hills near Chihuahua” and as made up of flowers collected April 17, 1885, and fruit collected May 17, 1885. Accord- ing to Pringle’s published diary he was in Bachimba Canyon, 25-35 km. southeast of Chihuahua, on April 17th, and on that date he particularly mentions collecting ‘flowers of 165.” On May 17, 1885, the date on which the fruit of the yucca is given as collected, Pringle was botanizing in a large canyon (in the Sierra Guadalupe?) southwest of Jimulco, just inside the Durango boundary about 25 km. southeast of Picardias, where Trelease found Y. rigida. Unless there is an error in the printed date appearing on Pringle’s label, one must.conclude that the fruit associated with Pringle 165 did not grow on the “rocky hills near Chihuahua.” Probably to be associated with the plant collected about Chihuahua is 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 75 the yucca with pale yellow-margined leaves which is frequent on limestone hills along the Chihuahua City-Ojinaga railroad from near Trancas to near the Rio Conchos. This plant suggests Y. Thompsoniana but is coarser, with a larger head of leaves. Plants examined near Picachos Station had leaves 25-30 mm. wide and 5—6 dm. long. AMARYLLIDACEAE Cooperia Drummondii Herb. Bot. Reg. 22: ¢. 1835 (1836). VERNACULAR NAME: Cebollita. Coanuua: Santa Anna Canyon, Marsh 535; Hac. eens: hillside, fl. white, Stewart 1738; Hillcoat Mesa, ae of Encantada Ranch, July 25, 1938, Marsh 1450; battlefield near Buena Vista, fl. white, Gregg 84; 7 km. west : "Santa Elena, Sierra Cruces, black loam on hillside, Stewart 1738 Northeastern Mexico (? and Giseil north to New Mexico, Kansas, and Louisiana. Cooperia pedunculata Herb. Amaryll. 179. t. 42 (1837). VERNACULAR NAME: Flor de Mayo. Sierra San Vicente, Cafion Espantosa, April 27, 1941, Schroeder 1; near Saltillo, stony hillsides, fl. white, sweet scented, April 1898, Palmer 70. Northeastern Mexico and eastern half of Texas. Zephyranthes Lindleyana Herb. Amaryll. 174. t. 35 (1837). Zacatecas: Cedros, Lloyd 40 Ranging from Hidalgo northward into Nuevo Leon and westward onto the plateau to San Luis Potosi, Charcas, and Cedros. To be expected in southern Coahuila. The corolla is pink. Zephyranthes longifolia Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Nov. 3: 55 (1880). VERNACULAR NAME: ae llita. Coanvuita: 2 mi. west of San Rafael, tobosa flat, Stewart 657a; valley west of Bufido, silty soil, ae & “iis 845B; La Azufrosa, fl. yellow, Gregg 491; Saltillo, stony hill-slope, fl. lemon-yellow, 1898, Palmer 219. CHIHUAHUA: Valley 30 km. northwest of Jaco, silty flat, fl. yellow, Stewart 683. ZACATECAS: Cedros, hills, Lloyd 124. From San Luis Potosi north to western Texas and Arizona, usually on valley silts. Agave (Manfreda) brunnea Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 156 (1891). VERNACULAR NAME: Huaco. Coanvuita: 10 km. east of La Palma, gravelly hills north of Sierra Cruces, 5-6 dm tall, Stewart 655; eastern foothills of Sierra Cruces, 7 mi. north of Santa Elena, rocky bank among bushes, leaves succulent-herbaceous, dark green mottled Hees terra-cotta, somewhat glaucous, Johnston & Muller 1012; west base of Picacho de S n José, dry hillside, 8-10 dm. tall, not common, Stewart 643; Saltillo, 1880, Palmer 1 ae battlefield of Buena Vista, 1888, Pringle 2218 (TYPE CHIHUAHUA: 6 mi. south of Camargo, leaves with teddish markings, corolla Srownich inside, White 2190. The plant has the underground stem erect and much shortened and sur- rounded by the crowded leaf-bases to form a tunicate bulb. The roots are fleshy tubercles. The leaves are very juicy and neither rigid nor sclerified. They form a flattened basal rosette and have conspicuously mottled blades 1-2 dm. long and 2~3(—4) cm. wide. The flowers are brownish. The cited 76 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xxv material from Chihuahua differs in having a less well developed bulb in which the old leaf-bases become fibrous, but otherwise it is much like the Coahuilan material. Agave (Manfreda) planifolia Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 479 (1887). Cuimuanua: Canyon in mountains southwest of Mapula station, warm sandy banks of stream, Pringle 1141 (TYPE). The type of this species, cited above, is in fruit. Watson describes the corolla as 18 mm. long with the segments 3—4 times the length of the tube. The leaves are very large and the base of the stem is not bulb-like, but rather is a coarse rhizome clothed with fibrous remnants of old leaves. Agave (Manfreda) singuliflora (Wats.) Berger, Die Agaven 31 (1915). Bravoa singuliflora Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 479 (1887). Curmuanvua: Cool slopes in mountains just south of Chihuahua, Pringle 1142 (TYPE). A plant with a loose tunicate bulb, fleshy roots, and linear leaves. Ranging widely in western Chihuahua. Agave (Littaea) Lecheguilla Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 213 (April 1859). Agave Poselgeri Salm-Dyke, Bonplandia 7: 92 (April 1859). Agave lophantha var. Poselgeri Berger, Die Agaven 93 (1915). Agave lophantha var. pallida Berger, Die Agaven 93 (1915). VERNACULAR NAME: Lechuguilla. Coanurta: Sierra del Pino, Johnston & Muller 658; Potrero del Cuervo Chico, Johnston 8571; Saltillo, 1898, Palmer 227; east of Cienega Grande, May 18, 1847, Gregg 699; Jimulco, Pringle 28. Curmuanua: Sierra Santa Eulalia, Pringle 157; 8 mi. west of Escalon, White 2064. ZACATECAS: Cedros, Kirkwood 8. A common and characteristic plant in the limestone areas from western Texas south through our area at least to San Luis Potosi. There is some doubt as to the correct name for this well known species. The two earliest names assigned the species, A. Lecheguilla and A. Poselgeri, both appear to have been published in April, 1859. Since I have been unable to establish their precise dates, I have accepted the more familiar of the two. Agave Lecheguilla was based chiefly upon material collected by Charles Wright near Del Rio and along Devils River, in southern Val Verde County, Texas. Agave Poselgeri, given as from the “mexicanischen Hochebene,”’ probably came from near Saltillo or San Luis Potosi, where Poselger is known to have collected cacti and other succulents. Agave lophantha var. pallida is based upon material from Parras collected by Purpus. The plant is well known as “Lechuguilla” and is all too common on sunny open mountain-slopes and in the valleys near the mountains, It occurs on clay, but it is most abundant in rocky soils and appears to favor limestone areas. It multiplies by stolons, and a single plant may have its numerous Clusters of dagger-like leaves scattered abundantly over as much as 50 square meters. The leaves in especially favorable locations may become 4—5 dm. long, but commonly they are 15-30 cm. in length. Rigid and dagger-like, the leaves are terminated by a formidable spine. Anyone who has been jabbed in the ankle by Lechuguilla and suffered the first sharp pain and, worse, the aching in the ankle-joint which may continue 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 77 afterwards for over a week, knows why the plant is a constant hazard to man and beast in the extensive tracts of country where it abounds. It isa much cursed distraction in the peaceful pursuits of plant-collecting; I have plants, mosquitoes, and poison “varmin” lumped together. A less human botanist might marvel at the vigor and adaptations which have permitted it to have become such a widespread and successful plant in the deserts of Coahuila, but I can only rank it as a pest and a curse on the country. Agave (Littaea) univittata Haw. Philos. Mag. 10: 415 (1831). Agave heteracantha Zucc. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. 167: 675 (1833). Agave lophantha Schiede ex Kunth, Enum. 5: 838 (18 CoaHuILa: Rancho Agua Dulce, eastern slope of Sierra San Manuel, Wynd & Mueller 380. A plant of the eastern slopes of the Sierra Madre, from Nuevo Leon southward to the arid portions of the plateau in east-central Mexico. It is closely related to A. Lecheguilla, which replaces it in the arid plateau of northern Mexico, differing in its thinner, less rigid, flat, more strap-like, and more elongate leaves, which commonly have an evident median white stripe. seca Pein glomeruliflora (Engelm.) Berger, Hort. Martol. 12 (1912), Die n 93 dee ate forma glomeruliflora Engelm. Gard. Chron. II. 191: 48 (1883). Agave chisosensis Muller, Am. Midl. Nat. 21: 763 (1939). VERNACULAR NAME: Maguey de Garcia. CoaHuita: Sierra de los Guajes, fairly common on hillside, Stewart 1502; Sierra del Pino, single colony of 20-25 plants on rocky hill just below oak-belt, rosettes soli- tary, 12 in. tall and 15 in. broad, stem 12 ft. tall, less than upper 3 ft. floriferous, Johnston & Muller 711. This species was based upon material from the Guadalupe Mts. in west- ern Texas. It is evidently allied to A. Lecheguilla but differs in its nar- rowly paniculate rather than spicate inflorescence, the flower-clusters being borne on branches several centimeters long. The leaves appear to average larger and to have coarser lateral thorns than is common in its relative. Possibly it is only a phase of that species. Agave (Littaea) faleata Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 304 (1875). VERNACULAR NAMES: Guapilla, Espadin, Palmita. Coanutra: Sierra Guajes, Cafion Madera, east of Buena Vista, hillsides, Stewart 1499; western base of Picacho del Fuste, mountain-side, Johnston 8370; 20 mi. north of Hipolito, dry rocky ridge, Wynd & Mueller 69; Chojo Grande, 27 mi. southeast of Saltillo, 1905, Palmer 716; Buena Vista, 1848, Gregg 299; Gomez Farias, stony slopes, Shreve & Tinkham 9605; Parras, 1880, Sed 1314; Fimuleo, dry hills, Pringle 7. ZacATECAS: Cedros, low ridges, Kirkw This species appears to be ee to our area. It was based upon col- lections of Wislizenus and Gregg, obtained near Saltillo. It is closely related to A. striata Zucc., of Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, and Hidalgo, a plant with very much longer and much more slender leaves, and apparently it replaces that species on the plateau. The leaves of A. falcata have a stiff linear falcately curved blade 15-25 cm. long. The dense rosettes grow 78 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [ VOL. XXV in very crowded masses, usually on banks of cemented gravels or limestone ledges. The species seems to be restricted to the eastern parts of the plateau in northern Coahuila. It has not been noted in the Sierra del Pino. It is present on the slopes about Potrero de la Mula, north of Ocampo, and in Charretera Canyon, Sierra Madera, from the mouth of the canyon up to sunny ledges in the oak-belt. Berger, Die Agaven 79-80 (1915), reports collections from Hac. Tortuga near Sauceda (Endlich 879a), southern slopes of Sierra de la Paila near Marte Station (Endlich 879), and Sierra de Parras (Purpus). Agave (Littaea) potrerana Trel. in Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 138 (1920). CutHvuanua: Portrero Peak, summit of the southern Sierra Santa Eulalia east of Mapula station, Pringle 802 (TyPE), 584. A well-marked species, known only from the type locality. The type collection is Pringle 802, not no. “302” as originally cited by Trelease. Agave (Littaea) parviflora Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 214 (1859). Cutnuanua: Dry porphyritic hills 6-12 mi. northwest of Chihuahua, Pringle 1995. A rare species, known only from a few stations in southern Arizona, Sonora, and northern Chihuahua. Agave (Littaea) Victoriae-reginae Moore, Gard. Chron. II. 4: 484 (1875). This species is reported from “Coahuila” by Trelease, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 139 (1920). It is well known from northern Nuevo Leon and is to be expected within Coahuila east of Saltillo and Monclova. Agave (Euagave) scabra Salm-Dyck, Bonplandia 7: 86 (1839); Berger, Die Agaven 6 (1915). Agave Wislizeni Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 320 (1875); Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 89. t. 75-79 (1912). Agave chihuahuana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 90. t. 82, 83 (1912). Agave Havardiana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 91. t. 84-86 (1912). CoanuiLa: Caracol Mts. near Monclova, 1880, Palmer 1310; Sierra del Pino, along dry ridge crest, Johnston & Muller 656. Cutmuanua: Sierra Santa Eulalia, north canyon, Pringle 22; vicinity of Santa Eulalia, very common, forming large patches on stony mesas and ridges, stems averaging 15 ft. tall, 1908, Palmer 138. Ranging from Coahuila and Chihuahua north to the mountains of western Texas. The type material of A. scabra and A. Wislizeni is given as from San Sebastian, on the Rio Nazas about 10 km. northeast of Torreon. Trelease refers to the species garden material said to have been distributed from Lampazos, N.L. He cites under A. chihuahuana collections from the hills near Chihuahua (Pringle 958), from Cusihuiriachic (Rose 11654), and from the Sierra Madre of southwestern Chihuahua (Endlich 1201). In the United States (under the name A. Havardiana) the species is known from the Guadalupe, Davis, Chinati, and Chisos Mountains, Texas. It is a plant of rocky hills and mountain ridges, usually forming colonies. Herbarium material may be difficult to separate from that of A. asperrima. The latter, however, has larger, more elongate leaves and larger, more branched inflorescences, and is characteristically a plant of the valleys and mountain-bases, where it grows singly or in small colonies. San Sebastian, the type any given for A. scabra and A. Wislizent, is in an area where 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 79 A, asperrima is to be expected, rather than the present species. However, since the type material of A. Wislizeni does appear really to belong to the present concept, one may wonder if it originated, not at San Sebastian, but rather at Cusihuiriachic, where Wislizenus lived for a number of months and where Rose is reported as having found the species. Agave (Euagave) parrasana Berger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 250 (1906), Die Agaven 176. fig. 58 (1915); Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Garden 22: 90. t. 80, 81 (1912). A species based upon garden material originally collected in 1905 in the Sierra de Parras by Purpus. A plant with short very broad leaves, con- spicuous elongate terminal spine, and very coarse sparse marginal teeth. Illustrations of it suggest plants growing in crowded colonies in dry open pine forests along the highest ridges of the Sierra Madera. Agave ag asperrima Jacobi, Hamb. Gartenzeit. 561 CG Son: Rep. . Gard. 7: 89. t. 53 (1896) ; ae ie aven 146 (19 Pees Cie Berger, Die Agaven 147 (191 VERNACULAR NAMES: Maguey; Maguey cenizo. CoauvuiLa: Sierra del Pino, ledges near mouth of southern canyon, Johnston & Muller 725; San Lorenzo de la Laguna, 1880, Palmer 1309; Jimulco, Pringle 158. ZacaTEcAS: Cedros, Kirkwood 9 This is the widely aictibuted large gray Agave scattered among the desert scrub on valley slopes, usually on somewhat stony soils. It also grows in the mountains, where it is occasional on sunny open brushy flats and slopes in the yucca belt. It appears to be restricted to limestone areas. The large gray rosettes may be solitary or, less frequently, in especially favorable places, grouped to form patches of the plant several meters in extent. The flowering shoots commonly reach about 5 m. in height. The species was based upon garden material said to have been collected by Lindheimer in Texas. In Texas it has been collected near El Paso, in the Big Bend, and along the southern escarpment of the Edwards Plateau. Berger, l.c., reports collections from the Sierra de la Paila, and from San Pedro, Viesca, and Jimulco. IRIDACEAE Sisyrinchium Shaffneri Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 160 (1883). Hydrastylus parvus Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 27: 384 (1900). CoanuILa: Saltillo, along water-courses, fl. yellow, 1898, Palmer 157; Saltillo, low cae 1847, Gregg 340 (isotype of H. parvus). Ranging from central Mexico north into Coahuila and Chihuahua. The plant tends to stain collecting papers purplish. It has a loosely forking rhizome. Sisyrinchium tenuifolium H. & B. ex Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 92 (1809). Coauurta: Tableland north of Canon del Cuervo Chico, thin soil at base of low rounded limestone hills, common, Johnston 8568; Lirios, 1880, Palmer 1301 Ranging from Guatemala north to Coahuila and Chihuahua. sy Sc aff. arizonicum Rothr. Bot. Gaz. 2: 125 (1877). CHIHUAHUA: Sunny open hillsides about the high valleys at the northwest end of the Sierra ‘Diablo, not common, Stewart 960. 80 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV The plant cited differs from S. arizonicum in having much more slender glaucescent stems and leaves, inconspicuously ribbed leaves, and much smaller spathes. Perhaps it may be more closely related to S. tenutfolium or may even be a vigorous form of it. Sisyrinchium sp. VERNACULAR NAME: Purole. CoAHUILA: Sierra del Carmen, Cafion Sentenela, Wynd & Mueller 528; Hillcoat La Noria, gravelly bench along arroyo, Johnston & Muller 499; Sierra Madera, main ridge east of Picacho de Zozaya, high open ridge crest, Johnston 9016. CHIHUAHUA San Pablo, Rio San Pedro, marsh, April 29, 1847, Gregg 539; Sierra Diablo, in endow in high valleys at northwest end of range, Stewart 1005. Cited above is material of blue-flowered perennial species belonging to the complex which in Mexico is generally called S. scabrum 5. Several species may be represented. Some of the specimens closely re- semble named forms from western Texas and others resemble in varying degrees plants from central Mexico. dees Pringlei Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 24: 85 (1889). Cuimvuanua: Southern foothills of the Sierra Hechiceros near £1 Tule, wet rocky hillside, open 498. Ranging along the western Sierra Madre from Durango north into Arizona. The species of Nemastylis here mentioned were identified by Dr. R. C. Foster Nemastylis tenuis (Baker) Benth. ex Baker, Handb. Irid. 112 (1892). Coanuita: Hillcoat Mesa, west of Encantada Ranch, July 25, 1938, Marsh 1467. Trans-Pecos Texas south to central Mexico, Iris missouriensis Nutt. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 7: 58 (1834). Coauumta: Lirios, 1880, Palmer 1302. This species ranges widely in the western United States east to Montana, Colorado, and New Mexico and approaches the Mexican boundary only in southeastern Arizona. If Palmer found the plant growing wild at Lirios, in the Sierra Madre near the Nuevo Leon boundary about 40 km. east of Saltillo, then his specimens represent a remarkable outlying station for the species. It has not since been discovered in Mexico nor at such an easterly point. At Lirios, however, Palmer collected another Jris (no. 2009) rep- resenting one of the showy European species which must have come from a garden or from plants escaped from cultivation. Possibly Palmer’s material of J. missouriensis may have also come from plants either in a garden or escaped from it. It is difficult, however, to imagine the circum- stance under which this /ris of the western United States could have reached a garden in the remote valley in the Sierra Madre where Palmer collected it. 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 81 ORCHIDACEAE (Identifications by L. O. WILLIAMS) Govenia sp. CoaHUILA: Sierra de la Gloria, Aug. 6, 1939, Marsh 2204. The specimen from the Sierra Gloria is sterile but is probably conspecific with the material obtained by Pringle (no. 2794) in cool rich canyons in the Sierra Madre near Monterey. Pringle’s collection is the type of G. elliptica Wats., a species now considered a synonym of G. pauciflora Lindley. A Govenia, probably the same species, is also present in the Sierra Madera. The coarse rosettes of broad leaves, assumed to be this orchid, are frequent on the moist shady slopes in the conifer forests, below the highest crests, in Charretera Canyon. No flowers nor even weathered old fruiting stems were observed in September. Corallorrhiza elliptica Schlechter, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 362: 410 (1918). CoanuILa: Muzquiz, 1936, Marsh 1002. A poorly understood species known also from Chihuahua. Perhaps also referable here are Corallorrhizae collected in the Sierra del Carmen, Sept. 12, 1936, Marsh 635, and in the Sierra Madera in damp shaded coniferous forests in Canon Charretera, Johnston 9008 and 9051. Hexalectris grandiflora (Rich. & Gal.) L. O. Williams, comb Corallorrhiza grandiflora Richard & Gal. Ann. Sci. Nat. We 8: 0 (1845). Hexalectris mexicana Greenm. Proc. Am. Acad. 39: 77 (19 CoaHutILa: Sierra del Carmen, Canon Sentenela, er - Mueller 530; Hillcoat Mesa, west of Encantada Ranch, July 25, 1938, Marsh 2274; Sierra del Pino, occa- sional in pine forest, Johnston & Muller 529; Sierra Madera, Cafion Charretera, deep leaf mulch in moist shaded canyon in pine farests, Johnston 8989; Carneros Pass area, July 1880, Palmer 2006; mountains northwest of Fraile, Stanford et al. 460 Known from the Big Bend area in Texas, and from Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Michoacan, Puebla, and Oaxaca. Hexalectris nitida L. O. Williams, sp. nov. Herbae saprophyticae simplices erectae efoliosae usque ad 3 dm. altae; sepalum dorsale elliptico-oblongum; sepala lateralia elliptico-oblonga obtusa arcuata; petala elliptico- ai caer obtusa arcuata; labellum elliptico- ovatum ‘trilobatum: columna gen Stems slender, with several a cauline bracts; inflorescence several- flowered, the flowers opening one at a time, the ‘bracts 3-6 mm. long, elliptic- ovate, cucullate; dorsal sepal ca. 11 mm. long and 3.5—-4 mm. broad, obtuse; lateral sepals 9-10 mm. long and 3.5—4 mm. broad; petals ca. 10 mm. long and 3.5 mm. broad, 3-nerved with the nerves branched; lip 8-9 mm. long and 6—-6.5 mm. broad: lateral lobes of lip ca. 6 mm. ‘long from base of lip, not reaching to apex of the mid-lobe, subovate, obtuse; mid-lobe 3-4 mm. long and 3-3.5 mm. broad, obovate to suborbicular or subquadrate, truncate; lamina of lip with several carinate ridges extending down center and onto the lobes; column ca. 6.5—7 mm. long; pollinia 8, 4 in each cell of anther. CoanuiLa: Sierra Mojada, Cafion de Hidalgo, shaded canyon below crest at t op canyon, erect, among rocks, not common, Aug. 4, 1941, R. M. Stewart 1068 een Gray Herb.). 82 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV A species to be associated with H. parviflora L. O. Williams and sharing with it the distinction of having the smallest flowers known in the genus. From that species it is readily distinguished by the shape of its petals and lip. Spiranthes rubricallosa Robins. & Greenm. Am. Jour. Sci. 50: 165 (1895). CoaHuILA: Sierra Madera, moist shaded pine forest, among moss, along the high crest east of Picacho Zozaya, rare, Johnston 9024 Otherwise known from single soles from Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon, and Puebla. Spiranthes michuacana (Llav. & Lex.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3: 301 (1884). Cuuanua: Hills near Chihuahua, Oct. 1885, Pringle 521. Ranging from Chiapas north through Durango, Sonora, and Chihuahua to southeastern Arizona; also in the Chinati Mts. of trans-Pecos Texas. Spiranthes durangensis Ames & Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard 3: 128 (1935). Spiranthes saltensis Ames, Orchid. 2: 258 (1908) ; non Griseb. (1879) This species has been collected on cliffs near the Rio Grande in the Big Bend area of Texas and may be expected in our area. It is otherwise known only from Nuevo Leon, Durango, San Luis Potosi, and Federal District. Spiranthes cinnabarina (Llav. & Lex.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3: 300 (1884). VERNACULAR NAME: Lirio. Sierra del Carmen, Sept. 1, 1936, Marsh 623; Hillcoat Mesa west of Mt., Aug. 1880, Palmer; Sierra Gavia, 5 mi. north of Saucillo, hillside, Johnston 7221; Puerto San Lazaro, rare on rocky shrubby slopes, Muller 3054; Chojo Grande, 27 mi. southeast of Saltillo, gravelly openings in canyon, scarce, 1904, Palmer 370; Sierra del Pino, among rocks at head of great western escarpment, about 10 mi. north of La Noria, Johnston & Muller 545; Cafion del Cuervo Chico, among Lechuguilla on dry limestone hillside, Stewart 1105; Sierra Mojada, Cafon Hidalgo, canyon below crest, Stewart 1064; Sierra de Parras, south of Parras, Shreve & Tinkham 9871; Sierra de Parras, Oct. 1910, Purpus 4690. CHIHUAHUA: Sierra Santa Eulalia, 1885, Pringle 632; Sierra Diablo, canyons and high valley at northern end of range, Stewart . Ranging from the Big Bend area in Texas south through our area, San Luis Potosi, and Hidalgo to the drier parts of central and southern Mexico and adjoining Guatemala. An attractive plant, with a conspicuous orange- red flower-cluster, which, though seldom common, is widely distributed in our area on open slopes and ridges in arid rocky limestone soils, commonly in the company of Lechuguilla. Its habit may be an unconventional one for an orchid, but anyone who has tried to dry specimens of the plant without continued artificial heat can appreciate its ability to retain its moisture under desert conditions. Habenaria limosa hee ) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Am. Bot. 3: 305 (1884). Coa eros Pass area, Aug. 1880, Palmer; mountains near Carneros Pass, Sept. "i a, i Peisle 2828 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, III 85 Known from Arizona and New Mexico and from Sonora, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon; south to Guatemala. Habenaria brevifolia Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 218 (1881). CoaHuILA: Sierra Madera, Canon del Agua, leaf-mold in moist oak-maple forest, Muller ee Sierra Madera, La Pipa fork of Charretera Canyon, moist shady conifer forest, Johnston 9007, 9007a; Sierra Madera, rocky open pine forest of high crest east of Picacho de Zozaya, Tomson 9025. Known from New Mexico, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamauli- pas, and south to Oaxaca. Malaxis fastigiata (Reichenb. f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 673 (1891). Coanuita: Caracol Mt., Aug. 1880, Palmer 1300. Known from Arizona and New Mexico, and from Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon; south to Costa Rica. Malaxis Ehrenbergii (Reichenb. f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 673 (1891). CoauuILa: Sierra del Carmen, Sept. 15, 1936, Marsh 560a; Sierra del Pino, high eastern ridge, one plant in rich shady soil, fl. purple, Stewart 2290; Sierra Madera, peer Corte Blanco fork of Charretera Canyon, local in deep leaf-mulch under oaks in deep moist shaded ravine at lower edge of pine-belt, Johnston 8982; mountains nerinet of Fraile, Stanford et al. 407. Ranging from New Mexico and Arizona south through Coahuila and Chihuahua to Guatemala. Malaxis Soulei L. O. Williams, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21: 343 (1934). CoauvuiILa: Sierra Madera, Corte Blanco fork of Charretera Canyon, local in deep leaf-mulch under oaks in deep moist shaded ravine at lower edge of pine belt, growing with M. Ehrenbergii, Johnston 8981. CHIHUAHUA: Canyon in Mapula Mts., cool slopes, Nov. 4, 1886, Pringle. Western Texas (Davis Mts.) to Arizona south through Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, and Chihuahua to Panama. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HaArvarp UNIVERSITY. 84 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV A NEW COMBINATION IN ASIMINA ALFRED REHDER AND WILLIAM A. DAYTON Asimina pulchella (Small) comb. no Deeringothamnus pulchellus cae in Bull, Torrey Bot. Club 51: 390 (1924). Asimina pulchella (Small) G. A. Zimmermann in Jour. Hered. 32: 89 (1941) “A. pulchellus” ; nomen. — Sati & Dayton, Standard. Pl. Names, ed. 2, 24, 257, 468 (1942), nomen The genus Deeringothamnus, typified by his D. pulchellus, was pro- posed by the late Dr. John K. Small in 1924, being separated from Asimina by “the dimorphous stems, the flat or depressed receptacle, and the narrow nearly uniform unsculptured petals.” Later (in Addisonia 15: 17. 1930), Small transferred Asimina Rugelii Robins. to Deeringothamnus. Both species are shrubs of the Florida flatwoods, not over 2 ft. high, with fusi- form roots, persistent aromatic leaves, very fragrant flowers, and linear petals. It seems probable that the majority of botanists, as well as horticultur- ists and other workers with plants, will prefer to regard these two dwarf pawpaws as belonging to the genus Asimina, since the characters by which Small separated Deeringothamnus do not seem to be important enough for generic distinction. They were treated as species of Asimina in the Journal of Heredity (l.c.) by the late Dr. G. A. Zimmermann of Harrisburg, Penn- sylvania, probably the outstanding American authority on the horticulture and genetics of this genus, as well as by Kelsey and Dayton in their Standardized Plant Names (l.c.).. Miss Doris W. Hayes, of the U. S Forest Service, who has in manuscript a proposed publication on the records of the Edison Botanic Research Corporation, informs us that the late Thomas A. Edison, in his researches on native United States plants as possible sources of emergency rubber, made three routine chemical tests of Asimina pulchella but with negative results. Unfortunately, use of the combination Asimina pulchella has hitherto been illegitimate, the require- ments of Art. 44(2) of the International Rules not having previously been met. Small’s type of Deeringothamnus pulchellus was collected by him in 1923 ‘in the uninhabited wilderness between Punta Gorda and Fort Myers,” De Soto County, Florida. This would appear to be in what is now known either as Charlotte or Lee Counties. Harold N. Moldenke collected the species (Moldenke 930) on Big Pine Island, Lee County, Florida, in 1930. Miss Hayes advises us that the Edison collection above referred to was made in the spring of 1928 near Fort Myers, Lee County, Florida, by unspecified collector(s) of the Edison Botanic Research Corporation. ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Unirep STATES ForREST SERVICE. 1944] SANTOS, THE GRASS GENUS GARNOTIA 85 THE PHILIPPINE, CHINESE, AND INDO-CHINESE SPECIES OF THE GRASS GENUS GARNOTIA BRONGNIART! José VERA SANTOS With two plates and one text-figure Tue original plan of the writer was to make a critical study of all the species of Garnotia and to prepare a monograph of the genus. The presence of several polymorphic species, however, demands a more intensive investi- gation of a larger number of collections than available at present and, especially, a careful study of the type specimens. The species are so extremely variable that it is impossible to define them accurately without access to additional material. The variations include primarily the great diversity in the size and pubescence of the leaves and in the length and insertion of the awns of the spikelets. Thirty-eight species and seven varieties have been described. The type specimens of 11 of these are in the segregated type collections of the U. S. National Herbarium, which are not accessible for the duration of the war. Since it is impossible to borrow specimens from foreign herbaria or to visit them, it is necessary to confine the present work to the species of the Philippines, China, and Indo-China, from whence there is sufficient material available for study. All accessible types, duplicate types, or topotypes of the species treated in this paper were examined. In all cases the original descriptions were consulted. The present treatment includes eight species and two varieties, of which three species and one variety are described as new. This study is based on the collections in the U. S. National Herbarium, supplemented by specimens borrowed from other institutions. The follow- ing abbreviations are used in designating the herbaria in which the cited specimens are deposited: (NH) United States National Herbarium, (NY) Britton Herbarium of New York Botanical Garden, (G) Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, (UM) Herbarium of the University of Michigan, (UC) Herbarium of the University of California, and (AS) Herbarium of the National Research Institute of Biology, Academia Sinica, Nanking, China. The author expresses his gratitude to Agnes Chase for her encouragement and guidance during the course of this study. Grateful acknowledgement is also due Jason R. Swallen for his assistance, and to Dr. William R. Maxon for his kind co6peration in extending to the writer the facilities of the U. S. National Herbarium and for borrowing specimens from other herbaria. SYNONYMY AND RELATIONSHIPS Garnotia Brongn. in Duperrey, M. L. I., Voyage Autour du Monde 1Papers from the Department of Botany of the University of Michigan, no. 732. 86 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV 2(2): 133. pl. 21. 1830. The genus and a single species, G. stricta Brongn.., are described and figured with a full-page illustration showing the habit of a flowering plant and the structure of the spikelet. Miquelia W.-Arn. & Nees, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. Nat. Cur. 19: Suppl. 1: 177. 1841. A generic description is given and three species are included: M. barbulata Nees (p. 178), M. Emodi W.-Arn. & Nees (p. 178), and M. courtallensis W.-Arn. & Nees (p. 179). The incomplete diagnosis of M. barbulata must have been based on fragmentary material, for in presenting the structure of the spikelet, the first glume was described, then it was stated that “Reliquas partes fructificationis explicare non potui.” Since no collection was cited, it seems best to consider this as a species dubia until it is interpreted by an adequate specimen. In M. Emodi, the straight, erect awn of the lemma is a deviation from the generic descrip- tion which specifies that the short-bidentate apex of the lemma “emittens aristam (setam) infra medium geniculatam et tortilem.” MM. courtallensis, the last species, agrees well with the generic description, hence it is taken as the type species. There is no indication that Walker-Arnott and Nees were aware of Garnotia Brongn. when they described Migquelia, for no reference was made to it. An analysis of the description of Miquelia W.-Arn. & Nees shows that its characters agree with those of Garnotia Brongn. The transfer to Garnotia of the three species originally described under Miquelia is clearly justified: G. barbulata (Nees) Merr. Philip. Jour. Sci. Bot. 13: 130. 1918, G. Emodi (W.-Arn. & Nees) Janowski in Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 86. 1921, and G. courtallensis (W.-Arn. & Nees) Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeyl. 363. 1864. Garnotia barbulata, however, must be considered temporarily as a species dubia. Dr. Keng refers it doubtfully to Arundinella setosa Trin. as a synonym.” Berghausia Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. 3: 57. 1843. ‘“Miquelia Nees in Plant. Meyen. 177,” the only citation, refers to a specimen, not to a publication. The generic description agrees well with that of Miquelia W.-Arn. & Nees. No species were here transferred by Endlicher. Probably unaware of Garnotia Brongn., Endlicher must have proposed the genus Berghausia on the ground that the name Miguelia had been previously applied to two other genera, Miquelia Meissn. Gen. 152. 1838, and Miquelia Blume, Bull. Neerl. 1: 94. 1838. Since the publication of Berghausia Endl. involves only a change in nomenclature, maintaining the generic concept of Miquelia W.-Arn. & Nees, the type species of Miquelia, M. courtallensis W.-Arn. & Nees, is retained for Berghausia Endl. Following the concept of Endlicher, Miquel* published six species of Berghausia, each of which was based on a species of Miquelia. Endlicher is given as the author of B. barbulata, B. Emodi, and B. courtallensis. All the species published under Berghausia have been transferred to Garnotia Brongn. “Keng, Y. L., Nat. Cent. Univ. Science Reports, Biology 2: 56. 1936. ’Miquel, F. A. G., Verh. Nederl. Inst. III. 4: 32. 1851. 1944] SANTOS, THE GRASS GENUS GARNOTIA 87 In 1855 Steudel* recognized Garnotia, but at the same time he considered Miquelia W.-Arn. & Nees as a separate genus with Berghausia Endl. as a synonym. The first treatment of Garnotia as it is now accepted is that of Bentham,’ who considered it as a valid genus with both Miguelia W.-Arn. & Nees and Berghausia Endl. as synonyms. Following Bentham’s treat- ment, the genus was similarly recognized in the floristic studies of Asia, among the most prominent of which are those by Thwaites,° Hooker,‘ Trimen and Hooker,’ Cook,® Merrill,!° and Ridley." The 1-flowered spikelets, subterete to dorsally compressed, and dis- articulating below the glumes, misled the earlier authors as to the taxonomic position of the genus. Brongniart states that it is near Paspalum ; Walker- Arnott and Nees place it in Tristegineae, and Endlicher in Paniceae. Steudel places both Garnotia and Miquelia in Paniceae. Bentham places Garnotia in Tristegineae. Thwaites does not indicate the tribes but places Garnotia next after Arundinella Raddi. Hooker was the first to recognize the affinity of Garnotia, in spite of its anomalous characters, placing it in Agrostideae, and he has been followed by subsequent authors. Garnotia Brongn. Spikelets 1-flowered, lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, subterete to dorsally equal, acute to acuminate, awned or awnless, 3-nerved, the nerves scaberu- awnless) from the entire, notched, or bidentate apex, the awn slender, erect, straight, flexuous, bent, or geniculate and twisted toward the base, or tortuous toward the tip: palea membranous, enclosing a bisexual flower, faintly 2-nerved, keeled along the nerves, the 1 as argins auricled below the middle; lodicules 2, minute, glabrous or fimbri Annual or perennial grasses with simple or ance culms, flat or involute blades, and open to contracted panicles. TYPE spEcIES: G. stricta Brongn. Described from Tahiti. This species has been repeatedly reported in floras of several regions in Asia and the islands of the Pacific. During the preparation of this paper, an intensive study was made of the numerous specimens from the regions mentioned which had been determined as G. stricta. The writer, guided by the original description and plate of Brongniart, came to the conclusion that the only collections which represent the species are those of Peter 4Steudel, E. G., Syn. Pl. Gram. 119. 1854, Add. et Emend. 417. 1855. 5Bentham, G., Fl. Hongk. 416. 1861. 6Thwaites, G., Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 363. 1864. THooker, J. D., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 241. 1896. 8Trimen and Hooker, Handb. FI. Ceyl. 5: 253. 1900. 98Cook, T., Fl. Pres. Bomb. 2: 1012. 1908. 10Merrill, E. D., Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 1: 81. 1925. 11Ridley, H., Fl. Malay Pen. 5: 242. 1925. 88 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV Nelson (359 and 430) from the island of Guam. Of the six collections from the Philippines cited by Merrill’? as belonging to G. stricta, the fol- lowing duplicates were examined: Elmer 6210 and 6989; Merrill 3903, 4716, and 5484. Careful study of the specimens shows that none of them can be identified as G. stricta. Merrill’? himself stated that, “The Philip- pine form of Garnotia may represent a aishinet species, characterized specially by the long-awned flowering glume.’ Garnotia is distributed from eastern and southern Asia to the Pacific Islands, at low to high altitudes. There are about 30 species, three from the Philippines, five from China, three from Indo-China, and the rest from the other localities of its range. Key TO THE SPECIES AND VARIETIES A. Lemma Jong-awned. B. Awn of olen geniculate, Palais below the bend. C. Glumes papillose-pilose ..........0.. 560 eee 1. G. ciliata. Cc. ea glabrous . Mature blades conduplicate, falcate to subarcuate. ............02005- ips nch Rewards oe eds epee kee ain ga eee la. G. eilate var. conduplicata. DD. Mature blades flat. ..... 0.0... eee eee eee eee 2. G. fragilis. BB. Awn of lemma erect, ee wes wisted. C. Branches of mature panicles stiffly spreading. ................3. 3. G. patula. CC. ena of mature panicles loosely cepa or sometimes strict. . Both glumes long-awned, the awn 3-5 mm. long E. Culms erect, 20-40 cm. tall. ........ 0. cece ee eee eee . G. triseta. EE. Culms decumbent, rooting at the lower nodes, 45-90 cm a iaebar Te ee eee ee 4a. G. triseta var. decumbens. DD. Both glumes short-awned to awnless, rarely one glume long-awned. . Awn his lemma stiff, straight to weakly flexuous from the base to ANG GIG ck earned eas os aed pene oo nee eae es . G. caespitosa. EE. Awn of lemma stiff, straight to weakly flexuous to shacas the middle, capillary, strongly flexuous or tortuous, usually drooping toward the tip, the tortuous part sometimes deciduous at eres ufeu buen pave uteeg wee as oo.4sa et spa asueiinwalsiaene eng eae . G. mindanaensis. AA. Lemma awnless. B. Branches of mature panicles spreading, the pairs of spikelets distant. ........ Ain ew Sey Guha as Age AWS ERS peeweiate # Wie.o'bp olaa a + whee we clar ee aaler ee 7. G. mutica. BB. Branches of mature panicles loosely appressed, the pairs . spikelets approxi- WALES 5 Ae cia hia oe or gale saad new ps pees ae en es .G. philip pinensis. 1. Garnotia ciliata Merr. Philip. Jour. Sci. Bot. 13: 130. 1918. Perennial, 25-40 cm. tall; culms usually ascending from a decumbent base, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, glabrous, the nodes pubescent; sheaths papillose-pilose, mostly longer than the internodes; collar glabrous or nearly so; ca about 0.5 mm. long, the margin minutely erose, ciliolate; blades 8-11 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, flat, narrow-lanceolate, acumin nate, tuberculate- pilose with long hairs on both surfaces, the margins wavy, scaberulous and tuberculate-ciliate; emu to 13 cm. long, occasionally longer; branches strict, up to 6 cm. long, 1 n fascicles or those near the summit paired to solitary : spikelets dorsally ae a about 6 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, narrow-lanceolate, bearded around the base, in pairs, the short, unequal pedicels angular, scaberulous; glumes equal or subequal, 12Merrill, E. D., Philip. Jour. Sci. Bot. 1: Suppl. 374. 1906. 1944] SANTOS, THE GRASS GENUS GARNOTIA 89 acuminate, short-awned, sparsely pilose with long, soft hairs; lemma below the bend, the rest straight, scaberulous, pale; palea shorter than the lemma, narrow, the margins auricled towar the base, sparsely aa from the auricles to the tip; lodicules membranous, cuneate, glabrou TYPE AND LocaLity: “Loh Fau Mountain (Lofaushan), Merr ll ae Aus 25, 1917, on thin earth over boulders along streams, altitude 900 to 1,000 m Cu ngtung: Loh Fau Mountain, roadside, ici re es Levine Rae ‘Chris. 0 no. 6928), Aug. 31 — Sept. 4, 1921 (NH; G, photograph only) ; moist place on rocks near summit, Hitchcock 19009, Oct. 26-29, 1921, taller plant with broader and ienuee leaves (NH). la. Garnotia ciliata Merr. var. conduplicata var. nov. Annua; vaginae papilloso-pilosae; laminae ad maturitatem condupli- catae, falcatae vel subarcuatae; paniculae usque ad 15 cm. longae; spiculae eis speciei similes sed glabrae. Annual; culms erect or ascending; sheaths papillose-pilose, the hairs mostly deciduous: blades at maturity conduplicate, falcate to subarcuate, with hairs similar to those of the sheaths; panicles up to 15 cm. long, the branches strict; spikelets about 5 mm. long, similar to those of the species but glabrous Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1106724, collected on moist place on fae near the summit of Loh Fau Mountain, Kwangtung, China, Oct. 26-29, 1921, by . Hitchcock, no. 1900914. Another specimen from Kwangtung is Cant. Christ. on no. 10547, Oct. 28, 1921 (NH). No collector nor particular locality is indicated. The habit is identical with that of the species but the variety differs in that most of the hairs of the leaves are deciduous, leaving the papillae only ; the mature blades are conduplicate, falcate to subarcuate, and the spikelets are glabrous. 2. Garnotia fragilis sp. nov. Pirate I. Annua; culmi simplices vel pauciramosi, nodis pubescentibus; vaginae compressae, carinatae, non crebrae; laminae 6-15 cm. longae, S—12 mm. latae, planae, utrinque papilloso-pilosae; paniculae laxae, saepe fragiles, infirme flexuosae; spiculae e dorso compressae, 3-4 mm. longae, 0.5—0.6 mm. latae: lemma pallidum, anguste lanceolatum, glabrum, 1-nerve, inter lobos aristatum, arista lemmate 2—3-plo longiore, cece infra genicu- lum torta. ane culms up to 36 cm. tall, sparingly branched, erect or sometimes ascending ‘and rooting at the lower nodes, glabrous, the nodes pubescent ; sheaths compressed, keeled, sometimes sparsely ciliate along the margins, otherwise glabrous; collar g!abrous; ligule about 0.5 mm. long, membranous, ciliolate; blades of the basal leaves much reduced, those of the upper 6-15 m. long, 5-12 mm. wide, flat, narrow-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, sparsely papillose-pilose on both surfaces, the hairs on the upper surface near the ligule about 4 mm. long, the nerves and the wavy margins weakly scaberulous, the bases usually narrow; panicles lax, partly included in the uppermost sheaths, interrupted toward the base; main axis angled, sca- brous; branches up to 7 cm. long, often fragile, weakly flexuous, ascending or loosely appressed, fascicled at the lower nodes, paired to solitary toward 90 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV the tip; spikelets dorsally compressed, 3-4 mm. long, 0.5—0.6 mm. wide, narrow-lanceolate, pubescent at the base, in pairs, the unequal pedicels about 14 and 14-34 as long as the spikelets respectively; first glume slightly shorter than the second, both scaberulous on the nerves, sparsely so on the — awned from the notched or shortly bidentate apices, the awns up to 4 as long as the glumes, the awn of the first glume usually slightly shorter than that of the second; lemma pale, equaling the second glume, narrow-lanceolate, glabrous, faintly l-nerved, the margins hyaline, awned from the bilobed apex, the lobes narrow, obtuse, the awn 2-3 times as long as the lemma, sometimes longer, geniculate toward the base, brown and twisted below the bend, the rest lighter in color, straight to weakly flexuous, antrorsely scaberulous; palea much shorter than the lemma, mem- branous, the margins auricled toward the base, sparsely soft-pubescent from the auricles to the tip; lodicules cuneate, glabrous Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1610035, collected along a path through humid forest at an elevation of about 2000 meters, in the vicinity of Chapa, Lo Qui Ho, Indo-China, September, 1933, by A. Pételot, no. 4745. A duplicate type is in the Britton Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden, and another is in the possession of A. Pételot 5058 (NH) and 5068 (NH, NY), collected from the type locality and its vicinity, also belong to this species. The specific epithet alludes to the characteristic fragility of the branches of the panicles, which break off easily While this species shows affinity to the Indian Garnotia polypogonoides Munro,’* it is distinguished from that by the following characters: culms sparingly branched; basal sheaths not crowded and overlapping, the blades papillose-pilose on both surfaces; panicles lax, partly included in the upper- most sheaths, the branches often fragile, weakly flexuous; mature lemma pale. 3. Garnotia patula (Munro) Benth. Fl. Hongk. a Bao — patula Munro, Proc. Amer. Acad. 4: Garn — Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV, oe ‘18: 253, 1862. Described from Lest ong (Hance Herb. propr. no. 8668), pilenie not — Poilanei A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 27: aie, 1921. Described from Cambodia, Poilane 271. Perennial; culms 30-80 cm. tall, tufted, erect, simple, glabrous, the nodes glabrous to short-pubescent; leaves mostly basal; sheaths glabrous to sparsely pilose; collar densely pubescent; ligule membranous, 0.2-0.5 mm. long, ciliate to pilose; blades 15-40 cm. long, 4-12 mm. wide, linear- lanceolate, acute to acuminate, glabrous to ee tuberculate-pilose, the margins weakly scabrous; panicles compound, 15—40 cm. long, the branches stiff, widely spreading, as much as 11 cm. long, fascicled toward the base, paired to solitary toward the summit; spikelets dorsally compressed, 4—4.5 mm. long, lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, pubescent around the base, in pairs, one pedicel short, the other up to about as long as the spikelet; glumes equaling the spikelets, acute to acuminate, short-awned or sometimes long- wned, the nerves scaberulous; lemma as i as the glumes, glabrous, 3-nerved, acuminate, awned, the awn 7-13 m . long, weakly scabrous, straight or slightly wavy; palea membranous, ae margins auricled toward 13Munro ex Oliver in Hook. Icon. Pl. 5: 64. pl. 1484. 1885. 1944] SANTOS, THE GRASS GENUS GARNOTIA 91 the base, soft-pubescent from above the auricles to the tip; lodicules spatu- late-cuneate, glabrous Y tity: “Hong Kong.’ Collected by en Wright (U. S. North Pac: eu Exped. 1853-56). No collector’s number g Cu o Yam Shan (along eae border), near Tai Chung villeee ous to District), Tsang 22968, Oct. 12, 1933 (G); Tou Ngok Shan (along Kwangtung ree near Tung Chung village (Waitsap replay Tsang 23271, Nov. 24, 1923 (G); S e Shan (along Kwangtung border), near Tung Chung ee (Waitsap Dees ce 23326, Dec. 4-6, 1933 (G); Kwa renaee Mountain, 20 miles north of Sheklung, in moist place on rock slide above ae Hitchcock 19049, Oct. 26-29, 1921 (NH); Canton, White Cloud Mountain and vicinity, re ee stream, Hitchcock 18909, Oct. 24, 1921 (NH); above Canton, at summit of Pakwan Mountain, Hance Herb. no. 9668, Oct. 8, 1869, collector not indi- cated (G); Hainan, Chow 73545, 1935, an exceptionally tall and robust plant (G); opening in woods on Kachek River 25 miles above Kachek, Hitchcock 19628, Oct. 13, 1921 (NH); Hongkong: Wright (U. S. North Pac. Expl. Exped.), 1853-56 (G, ISOTYPE) ; Hance Herb. no. 1009, Oct. 1859, no awe given (G); Road to Victoria Peak, shady lbs below hotel, Hitchcock 19133, Nov. 5, 1921 (NH). Inpo-Curna: ord ng chemins en forét, ara du Tom Dao,” alt. 1000 m., Pételot 3839, Nov. 1930 (NH, N Xe) 4. Garnotia triseta Hitchc. Lingn. Sci. Jour. 7: 200. 1931. Perennial; culms 20-40 cm. tall, tufted, erect, simple, glabrous, the nodes pubescent ; leaves mostly basal; sheaths glabrous or the throat sparsely pilose ; collar short-pubescent to pilose; ligule membranous, 0.2—0.3 mm. long, minutely erose, ciliolate; blades 5-13 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, linear- lanceolate, acute to acuminate, sparsely pilose on the upper surface ee brous on the lower, the margins ‘weakly scaberulous; panicles narro 15 cm. long (rarely much longer), the main axis and branches Pees the latter appressed or slightly eco in fascicles of 3’s at the lower nodes, paired to solitary toward the summit; spikelets dorsally compressed, 3—4 mm. long, about 0.8 mm. wide, narrow-lanceolate, pubescent around the base, in pairs, one pedicel short, the other about as long as the spikelet; glumes equal or subequal, the nerves scabrous, the tips acute, extending into an awn 3-5 mm. long; lemma as long as the glumes, gla brous, acute to acuminate, terminating in a slender, scaberulous, straight or slightly wavy aw n 8-15 mm. long; palea membranous, the margins auricled below the ad sparsely soft-pubescent from above the auricles to the tip; lodicules membranous, spatulate-cuneate, glabrous. TYPE AND LOCALITY: “Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 1106729, collected in moist shady place along stream on Lohfau Mountain, Kwangtung Province, China Oct. 28, 1921, by A. S. Hitchcock al 19003).” NA: Kwangtung: h Fau, Levine (Lingn. Univ. Herb. no. 10234), Oct. 28, 1921 (NH); Loh Fau hare 20 miles north of ee moist shady place along stream, Hitchcock 19003, Oct. 28, 1921 (NH, 1sotyPE) ; g Woo Mountain, Levine (Cant. Christ. Coll. no. 69), Nov. 19, 1916 (NH, para aie Kwangsi: Tonghan (along Kwangtung aad near Sap-luk Po ee Sates District), Tsang 22775, Sept. 14, 1933 (G 4a. Garnotia triseta Hitchc. var. decumbens Keng, Sunyatsenia 3: 18. 1935. Culms 45-90 cm. tall, 2-3 mm. thick, ascending from a decumbent base, rooting at the Hales nodes: blades as much as 35 cm. long and 8 mm. wide; panicles 20—40 cm. long, the branches erect-ascending, as a as 15 cm. long; spikelets od 4 mm. long, similar to those of the type. 92 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXV The foregoing description is a translation from the original Latin diag- eo no — —— available for examination. “| collected by the side of a stream, Sunyi, Kwangtung, Phd yeas et. by C. Wang (no. 31157)” (AS). 5. Garnotia caespitosa sp. nov. Pirate II. Perennis; culmi usque ad 40 cm. alti, caespitosi, nodis pubescentibus; vaginae glabrae, marginibus in parte superiore ciliatis, collari pubescente ; laminae 5-12 cm. longae, circa 2 mm. latae, utrinque papilloso-pilosae; a mm. ig a subaequales, breviter aristatae; lemma anguste and rooting at the pubescent nodes; internodes glabrous; sheaths with prominent veins, ciliate along the upper part of the margins, otherwise glabrous; collar pubescent; ligule membranous, about 0.3 mm. long, ciliolate: blades 5—12 cm. long, about 2 mm. wide, flat, sometimes becoming involute at maturity, papillose-pilose on both surfaces except for the gla- brous base of the upper surface, the margins weakly scaberulous, gradually becoming smooth toward the base, the tips acuminate; panicles 10-20 cm. long, narrow, the main axis and branches smooth or nearly so, the latter in fascicles of not more than 3 at the lower nodes, paired to solitary toward the apex; spikelets dorsally compressed, 3—3.5 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide, lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, pubescent at the base, the hairs 0.5 mm. long, in pairs, the strongly unequal pedicels angular, glabrous; glumes subequal, the nerves scaberulous, gradually becoming smooth from middle to base, the internerves glabrous, the tips acute to acuminate, short-awned ; lemma as long as the second glume, narrow-lanceolate, narrowed toward the base, thinly coriaceous, rounded on the back, faintly ce nerved, glabrous, acuminate, entire, awned, the awn scaberulous, slender, stiff, stra aight or weakly flexuous from the base to the tip, 10-15 mm. long: palea shorter than the lemma, narrow-lanceolate, membranous, the margins auricled below the middle, sparsely soft-pubescent from above the auricles to the tip; lodicules spatulate-cuneate, glabrous. U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1238135, collected at Los Banos, Laguna Province, Luzon Island, Philippines, March 6, 1913, by F. C. Gates (no. 6237) (NH Purrppines: Philip. Bur. Sci. 14209 (no collector nor locality given) (NH); Luzon: Isabela Province, San Mariano, Ramos & Edano (Philip. Bur. Sci. 47127), 1904 (NH, NY); Betwurt, Baguio, Elmer 8898, Mar. 1907 (NH, NY); Bulacan Province, Angat, Ramos & Edano (Philip. Bur. Sci. 34069), Feb. 1919 (UC); Laguna Province, Catalan (Philip. Bur. For. 26465), Feb—Mar. 1917 (NH); San Antonio, Ramos (Philip. Bur. Sci. 2003), Feb. 1913 (NH); Mt. beans Robinson (Philip. Bur. Sci. 9763), Mar. 5-7, 1910 (NH, NY); Mindanao: Zamboanga Province, Malangas, Ramos & Edano (Philip. Bur. Sci. 36776), Get. Nov. 1919 (NH); Isabela de Basilan, Ebalo 907, Jan. 5-18, 1941 (UM). CuHina: Kwangtung: Canton, Ting-u Shan, at the saa of running water, Sampson (Herb. Hance no. 8135[?]), Oct. 1867 (G). INpo-CuH1 Tonkin: Chapa, on rocks by the side of stream, alt. 1500 m., Pételot 3253, Tan. 1928 (NH, NY). This species is closely related to Garnotia mindanaensis Santos, differing 1944] SANTOS, THE GRASS GENUS GARNOTIA 93 chiefly in the erect, rigid, straight or weakly flexuous awn of the lemma, and in the plainly evident hairs at the base of the spikelets. 6. Garnotia mindanaensis Santos, Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 33: 135. f. 7. 1943. Garnotia stricta Brongn. var. longiseta Hack. in Kneucker, Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 41. 1909. Described from Mt. Mariveles, Bataan Province, Luzon, Phil- ippines. Perennial, 45-55 cm. tall; culms simple, tufted, erect or slightly genicu- late toward the base, glabrous, the nodes pubescent; sheaths glabrous to short-pilose, the veins prominent; collar pubescent; ligule about 0.2 mm. long, glabrous to ciliolate; blades 8-25 cm. long, 3-10 mm. wiue, linear- lanceolate, flat, glabrous to short-pilose, the margins scaberulous; panicles 10-28 cm. long, narrow, interrupted, the branches loosely appressed; spike- lets dorsally compressed, 4-4.5 mm. long, 0.5-0.6 mm. wide, narrowly ous specimens of Garnotia from the Philippines have been studied. After examining about 25 collections which were determined as belonging to this species, it became evident that an important character had been overlooked. Most of the mature spikelets of the type specimen did not show the capillary, tortuous upper part of the awn of the lemma. A detailed description of this awn is therefore included in the preceding paragraph. Type anp Locaity: “Type in the herbarium of the University of Michigan, dupli- cate type in the U. S. National Herbarium, collected by H. H. Bartlett, no. 17235, Dec. 6, 1940, grassland at Del Monte, Bukidnon, Mindanao Island, Philippines.” Puiippines: (Philip. Bur. Sci. Herb. 13983, no collector nor locality given) (NH); Loher 7185, no locality (NH); Luzon: Ilocos Norte Province, Merritt & Darling (Philip. Bur. For. 15517), Nov. 1908 , NY); Cagayan Province, Ramos (Philip. Bur. Sci. 13983), Feb. 1912 (NH); Curran (Philip. Bur. For. 16842), Mar. 1909 (NH); Mountain Province, Bontoc, Bauco, Vanoverbergh 4005, Dec. 1915 (NH); Benguet, Ramos (Philip. Bur. Sci. 5379), Dec. 1908 (NH, NY); Zambales Province, Mt. Tapolao, Ramos & Edano (Philip. Bur. Sci. 44721), Nov.—Dec. 1924 (NH, NY); Pampanga Province, Mt. Arayat, Clemens 16211, Oct. 31, 1925 (NY); Merrill 3903, Oct. 1904 (NH, NY); Bulacan Province, Ramos 1933, Dec. 1914 (NY, G); Bataan Province, Mt. Mariveles, Merrill (Kneucker, Gram. Exsic. 744), Dec. 12, 1908 (G) ; Elmer 6989, Nov. 1904 (NY) ; Williams 236, Nov. 27, 1903 (NH, NY) ; Rizal Province, Ramos 596, Nov. 1910 (NH); Ramos (Philip. Bur. Sci. 24081), Dec. 1915 (NH, NY, G); Mt. Irid, Ramos & Edano (Philip. Bur. Sci. 48501), Nov. 1926 (NH, NY); San Andales, Edano (Philip. Bur. Sci. 48733), Dec. 1926 (NY); Montalban, Merrill 6237, Nov. 1908 (NH, NY); Tayabas Province, Guinayanan, Escritor (Philip. Bur. Sci. 20904), Mar—Apr. 1913 (NH, NY); Albay Province, Mayon volcano, Ramos & Edano (Philip. Bur. Sci. 75748), Sept. 1928 (NY); Catanduanes Island, Ramos & Edano (Philip. Bur. Sci. 75257), Jul—Sept. 1928 (NY); Sorsogon Province, Mt. Bulusan, Irosin, in soil among rocks of light shaded woods along upper edge of Sibulan River falls, alt. 2750 ft., Elmer 16633, July 1916 (NH, NY, G); Visayan Islands: 94. JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV Island of Leyte, Menzel 1519, July 28, 1915 (NY, G); Island of Bohol, Ramos (Phil’p. Bur. Sci. 42880), Aug.—Oct. 1923 (NH); Mindanao: Bukidnon Province, grass- land at Del Monte, Bartlett 17235, Dec. 6, 1940 (UM, type; NH, isotype); Davao Province, Mt. Apo, Todaya, Elmer 11773, Sept. 1909 (NH); Todaya, in dry rather stony soil of a wooded ridge, alt. 2000 ft., near Sibulan River, Elmer 11298, Aug. 1909 (NH, NY); Zamboanga Province, Merrill 5484, Oct. 10, 1906 (NH). 7. Garnotia mutica (Munro) Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club 1916: 624. 1917. Later combination ior ope same basis, G. mutica (Munro) Janowski in Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. 17: 921. Hesehousie mutica ii oe Amer. Acad. 4: 362. Garnotia tectorum Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 242. 1896. eee from Ceylon. —— patula Munro var. mutica Rendle ex Forbes & Hemsley, Jour. Linn. Soc. t. 36: 387. 1904. Based on Berghausia mutica Munro ert culms 30-40 cm. tall, erect, simple, glabrous, the nodes pubescent ; blades mostly basal: sheaths glabrous, longer than the inter- nodes; collar pubescent; ligule membranous, the margins minutely erose, ciliolate: blades elongate, 25-50 cm. long, 4-6 mm wide, flat, glabrous or the upper surface with a few, long, widely distributed, papillose- base hairs, the base of the blade densely pubescent with short and long a inter- mixed, the nerves and margins scaberulous; panicles about 32 cm. long the branches slender, up to 11 cm. long, ascending to spreading, in aa fascicles of 3’s, or those toward the summit paired to solitary; spikelets dorsally compressed, 4.5-5.5 mm. long, about 0.8 mm. wide, lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, bearded around the base, in distant pairs, one pedicel short, the other about as long as the spikelet; glumes equal to subequal, the nerves scaberulous, the tips acuminate, awnless or the first glume awnless, glabrous, 3-nerved; palea shorter than the lemma auricled toward the base, sparsely soft-pubescent from above the auricles to the tip; lodicules cuneate, gla , : “Hong Kong.” Collected by nana Wright (U. S. North Pac. wis Exped. went Collector's number not indicated. Cuina: Kwangtung: Hongkong, C. Wright (U. . North Pac. Expl. Exped. 1853-56) (NH, G, ee. 8. Garnotia philippinensis sp. nov. Fic. 1. Perennis; culmi 35-55 cm. alti, erecti, simplices, nodis pubescentibus; vaginae giabrae vel sparse pilosae, collari dense Sh penn a laminae 10— he cm. longae, 3-8 mm. latae; paniculae circa 20 cm. longae, angustae spiculae 4—5 mm. longae, 0.5-0.7 mm. latae, basi breviter pubescentes; , erect, simple, glabrous, the ‘nodes pubescent; sheaths longer than the internodes, those near the base some- times sparsely pilose, the upper glabrous or the throat with few long hairs; collar densely pubescent; ligule about 0.2 mm. long, minutely erose, cilio- late; blades of the basal leaves reduced, those of the upper 10-30 cm. long, 3-8 mm. wide, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, the upper surface with short, sparse pubescence toward the tip, the base densely pubescent with short hairs mixed with a few long ones, the rest of the blade glabrous, the nerves and margins scaberulous; panicles about 20 cm. long, narrow, conspicu- ously interrupted toward the base, the branches weakly scabrous, usually appressed, up to 4 cm. long; spikelets dorsally compressed, 4-5 mm. long, 1944] SANTOS, THE GRASS GENUS GARNOTIA 95 0,5—-0.7 mm. wide, narrow-lanceolate, short-pubescent at the base, in pairs, the pedicels short, unequal; first glume as long as the spikelet, acuminate; second glume usually shorter than the first, acute to acuminate, the mid- nerve running along a prominent, longitudinal, median depression, both glumes awnless, scaberulous on the nerves, sparsely puberulent on the inter- nerves; lemma narrow-lanceolate, glabrous, 1-nerved, acuminate, awnless; palea shorter than the lemma, the margins auricled toward the base, sparsely Satiaieh ee the auricles to the tip; lodicules spatulate-cuneate, glabrous. E int . S. National Herbarium (Philip. Bur. Sci. no. 42963), collected from the Island - Bake Visayan Islands, Philippines, Aug.—Oct., 1923, by Maximo Ramos c d Fic. 1. Garnotia philippinensis Santos, drawn from the type deposited in the U. S. National Herbar.um (Philip. Bur. Sci. no. 42963): a. and 6b. ventral and dorsal views of the spikelet respectively ; c. lemma; d. palea (a-d, x 14). This species is distinguished from all Philippine forms of Garnotia in having awnless spikelets. The habit of the plant and the structure of the spikelet suggest Garnotia mutica (Munro) Druce, of Hongkong, from which the new species differs in the absence of long, tuberculate-base hairs, which are very sparsely distributed along the entire length of the blades in G. mutica, and in having a narrow panicle with branches not more than 4 cm. long, the spikelets approximate, as many as 10 pairs along the appressed branches. 96 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXV EXPLANATION OF PLATES All figures are drawn from types deposited in the U. S. National Herbarium. PLATE I Garnotia fragilis Santos era 4745): a, habit, x ™%; b. inflorescence, x 1%; c. spikelets, x 14; d. lemma Pate II Garnotia ge Santos (Gates 6237): a. habit, x %; b. ligule and adjacent parts, X 5; c. and d. dorsal and ventral views of the spikelet respectively; e. lemma (c-e, 14 ,o Botany DEPARTMENT AND BOTANICAL GARDEN, UNIveRSITY OF MICHIGAN. Jour. Arnoxp Ars. Vor. XXV PiaTE I M/, SRS = = <= x Ss Soe SS ia Ht GARNOTIA FRAGILIS SANTOS PLATE II Jour. Arnotp Ars. VoLt. XXV GARNOTIA CAESPITOSA SANTOS 1944] BAILEY, MORPHOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAE, II 97 THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAF Il. WOOD I. W. BAILey With four plates Goppert (22) in 1842 noted the absence of vessels in the wood of Drimys Winteri J. R. and G. Forst. His observations have been verified by Eichler (18), Méller (29), De Bary (17), Solereder (34, 35), Stras- burger (36), Groppler (23), and many other anatomists and taxonomists. That Trochodendron has a similar vesselless type of wood was reported by Kichler (18) in 1864. Tetracentron was subsequently added to the list by Harms (24) in 1897. It was upon the basis of their vesselless wood that van Tieghem (38) segregated the genera Drimys, Pseudowintera,' Bubbia, Belliolum, Exospermum, Zygogynum, Trochodendron, and Tetracentron in three families of a distinct order, the Homoxylées. Thompson and Bailey (37) and Bailey and Thompson (9) studied all organs and parts of Drimys Winteri J. R. & G. Forst., Pseudowintera axillaris var. colorata (Raoul) A. C. Sm., Trochodendron, and Tetracentron, and demonstrated that vessels and vessel-like structures are absent throughout both the primary and secondary bodies of these plants. In assembling all available collections of Winteraceae for taxonomic revision, my colleague Dr. Smith (32, 33) has provided me with the unusual opportunity of studying the anatomy of a wide range of accurately identified representatives of the family. Vessels are invariably absent from both the primary and the secondary xylem. Parmentier (30) obviously erred in reporting the presence of vessels in two putative species of Drimys. As van Tieghem (38) and others have shown, Parmentier’s observations were based upon incorrectly determined material. Thus, increasing evi- dence accumulated by many investigators during the last 100 years indi- cates that the Winteraceae (excluding Jllicium), Trochodendron, and Tetracentron are the only known living representatives of the dicotyledons that have a primitive vesselless type of secondary xylem. This is not indicative necessarily of close genetic relationship between the Wintera- ceae, Trochodendron, and Tetracentron, as assumed by van Tieghem, but rather the occurrences are to be regarded as retentions of a primitive ranalian type of wood by three families which exhibit diverse trends of specialization in their other vegetative characters and in their reproductive organs. During the last 25 years, the study of the comparative anatomy of the cambium and xylem has progressed rapidly to a stage where it is possible to visualize the salient trends of evolutionary specialization of these tissues 1Pseudowintera Dandy, i.e. Wintera sensu v. Tiegh., non Murray. 98 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXv in the gymnosperms and angiosperms. Particularly in the case of the cambium (2, 3, 4), vessels (6, 10, 16, 19, 20, 21), imperforate tracheary cells (7, 10), and rays (8, 12, 13, 14, 27) of dicotyledons, the irreversible trends of structural specializations are so obvious and clearly defined that they may be utilized, even statistically, in evaluating the levels of morpho- logical specialization that have been attained within specific groups of plants (6, 7, 8, 25, 26, 39, 40). The cambium of the Winteraceae, as of Trochodendron and Tetracen- tron, is of the same cytological and histological type as that which occurs so characteristically in the lower vascular plants which form vesselless secondary xylem. The fusiform initials of the non-stratified cambium periodically divide diagonally, elongate extensively, and commonly attain lengths of as much as 5000 microns in the outer parts of old stems. Since the changes in length and tangential diameter of the tracheary derivatives are relatively slight during tissue differentiation, the tracheids of the Winteraceae resemble the fusiform initials in length and tangential outline and tend to be arranged in relatively undisturbed radial seriations, Figs. 1-3 and 7-9, The primitive character of the cambium and xylem in the Winteraceae, Trochodendron, and Tetracentron rules out any possibility of these plants having developed vessels and subsequently having lost them. Wherever vessels have originated (primary body of Selaginella, Pteridium, and monocotyledons, secondary body of Gnetales and dicotyledons), their development is closely correlated with fundamentally significant cyto- logical, histological, and ontogenetic changes in the xylem. In the case of the dicotyledons, which have now been very comprehensively investi- gated, the development and the specialization of vessels is closely synchro- nized with significant changes in the cambium and xylem. Furthermore, it should be emphasized in this connection that in those dicotyledons (e.g. Cactaceae, Crassulaceae, aquatics, and other super-specialized forms) where there is a tendency towards the reduction or elimination of vessels, the tissues are obviously profoundly modified and highly specialized. There is no evidence of reversible transitions leading toward a reversion to the primitive type of cambium and xylem that characterizes the Wintera- ceae, Trochodendron, Tetracentron, and the lower vascular plants. In the past, many investigators have referred to the wood of Drimys as having a coniferous type of structure. Such comparisons between the Winteraceae and the Coniferae are misleading, since they overlook out- standing structural differences. The wood rays of the Winteraceae, Tro- chodendron, and Tetracentron are of the primitive heterogeneous type I (Barghoorn, 12) that characterizes the secondary xylem of anatomically less specialized dicotyledons. Two widths of rays occur typically in this form of ray structure: (a) uniseriates and (b) multiseriates. The uni- seriate rays which extend outward from the fascicular parts of the stele are composed of vertically much elongated cells, whereas the multiseriate rays which extend outward from the gaps in the stele are constituted of more nearly isodiametric or radially elongated cells, Figs. 1-6. Both 1944] BAILEY, MORPHOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAE, III 99 types of rays increase in number in enlarging stems by appropriate cyto- logical changes in the cambium (Barghoorn, 12); both are much extended longitudinally in the first formed secondary xylem and are dissected into lower rays during subsequent enlargement of the stem. In the Cordaitales, Ginkgoales, and Coniferae, not only are there no multiseriate rays com- parable to those of the dicotyledons, but also the characteristically uni- seriate (occasionally bi- or tri-seriate) rays are of a basically different type. The coniferous uniseriate ray is very low in the first-formed secondary xylem and commonly increases in height during subsequent enlargement of the stem (Barghoorn, 11). Furthermore, it is composed usually of radially rather than vertically elongated cells. Mixtures of narrow and wide rays do occur, however, in the wood of the Pteridospermae, Ben- nettitales, and Cycadales, and the wood of Pteridospermae frequently exhibits a heterogeneous type of ray structure (Andrews, 1). The tracheary pitting in the primary xylem of Ginkgo, the Coniferae, and the Gnetales is of a highly modified type (Bailey, 5) and is entirely unlike that which characterizes the lower vascular plants and the angio- sperms. Furthermore, the scalariform and transitional types of tracheary pitting in the secondary xylem of the Winteraceae, Trochodendron, and Tetracentron have no counterparts among the Cordaitales, Ginkgoales, Coniferae, or Gnetales, but closely resemble those types that occur in the secondary xylem of certain Bennettitales and Protopitys. Thus, if the vesselless wood of the Winteraceae is to be compared with that of the gymnosperms, it should be with the secondary xylem of Pteridospermae and Bennettitales rather than with that of the Coniferae, Ginkgoales, or Cordaitales. The wood parenchyma, tracheids, and rays of the Winteraceae fluctuate considerably in available samples of the wood of different representatives of the family, Figs. 1-8, 10, and 11. Thus the woods of the New Cale- donian Zygogynum Vieillardi Baill., Figs. 1 and 4, the Solomon Island Belliolum haplopus (Burtt) A. C. Sm., Figs. 3 and 6, and the Chilean Drimys Winteri J. R. and G. Forst., Figs. 2 and 5, are composed of much larger tracheids than those of the Australian Drimys lanceolata (Poir.) Baill., Figs. 7 and 10, and the New Zealand Pseudowintera axillaris var. colorata (Raoul) A. C. Sm., Figs. 8 and 11. Growth rings, Fig. 7, are well developed in the sample of Drimys lanceolata but are not detectable in the other illustrated specimens. Wood parenchyma, which is absent or of infrequent occurrence in Drimys Winteri, Fig. 2, is more or less abundantly developed in the other woods and exhibits diffuse, diffuse-in- aggregates, and tangentially banded distributions. The multiseriate rays vary in height and width, in the size and form of their constituent cells, and in their number within a unit area, Figs. 1-8, 10, and 11. The uni- seriate rays fluctuate in height and in the vertical extension of their con- stituent cells. The character of the tracheary pitting also varies con- siderably, the ratios of scalariform to multiseriate-circular to uniseriate- circular fluctuating from specimen to specimen. 100 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV It has been customary in the past to utilize such differences in the con- struction of keys for differentiating the woods of genera and _ species. There is, however, a very considerable element of uncertainty in so doing, unless unusually extensive collections of each species are available. This is due to the fact that the structural characters enumerated in the preced- ing paragraph commonly fluctuate more or less markedly, not only within different parts of the same tree, but also in trees grown under different environmental conditions. Furthermore, it is difficult at present to deter- mine from herbarium specimens (twigs) what the expression of diagnostic characters in the outer parts of large stems will be. Therefore, any deduc- tions regarding generic differences between the woods of the Winteraceae are tentative and subject to future verification. Available material sug- gests that there are at least two significant trends of structural specializa- tion within the Winteraceae, one leading toward a marked reduction in the amount of wood parenchyma in the New World Wintera section of Drimys, and the other toward a reduction in cell size and a striking enlargement of the multiseriate rays in Pseudowintera. The vesselless woods of Trochodendron (Japan and Formosa) and Tetracentron (Central China) are characterized by their conspicuous annual growth rings, Fig. 9. In fact, the growth rings are as contrastedly devel- oped as those of Keteleeria, Larix, and other conifers of the northern hemisphere, The tracheids of the earlywood are large, thin-walled, and provided with scalariform bordered pitting such as occurs so generally in the tracheids of ferns. On the contrary, those of the latewood are smaller, thick-walled, and have scattered small circular bordered pits. The tracheids of the transitional region exhibit transitions between scalariform and multiseriate-opposite, multiseriate-alternate, and uniseriate-circular types of pitting, such as occur in the Winteraceae and certain Bennettitales (Bailey and Thompson, 9). The ray structure is conspicuously hetero- geneous as in the Winteraceae, but the multiseriate rays (in wood from large stems) are lower, are composed of smaller cells, and have a fusiform outline in tangential sections, Fig. 12. Diffuse parenchyma is confined largely to the latewood, Fig. 9. Thus, the vesselless wood of Trochodendron and Yetracentron differs from that of the Winteraceae in its conspicuous growth layers, in the dominantly scalariform pitting of its earlywood, and in its specialized form of heterogeneous ray structure. The question arises how significant are such structural differences in considering possible rela- tionships within the Ranales. Growth rings in trees are commonly interpreted as being conditioned by environmental influences. There are, however, two distinct types of zona- tion phenomena in wood: (1) facultative and (2) obligate. Many tropical and subtropical plants as well as plants of the southern hemisphere form growth rings or not, depending upon the environment in which they are grown. The growth rings of certain Winteraceae, Fig. 7, as of man Podocarpaceae and Araucariaceae appear to be of this facultative type. On the contrary, many plants of the northern hemisphere form zonate wood 1944] BAILEY, MORPHOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAE, III 101 under all conditions of survival, both natural and experimental. growth rings of Trochodendron and Tetracentron, with their associated characteristic type of tracheary pitting, appear to be of the obligate type. Thus, fossilized representatives of these genera from the Jurassic (?) of India (Sahne, 31), the Tertiary of northwestern United States (Beck, 15), and the Eocene of Greenland (Mathiesen, 28) have wood that is indis- tinguishable structurally from that of the postglacial living representatives. From the point of view of the comparative anatomy of the vascular plants as a whole, the obligate growth layers of Trochodendron and Tetra- centron and the segregation of scalariform pitting in excessively thin- walled earlywood tracheids are evidence of structural specialization. The type of ray structure illustrated in Fig. 12 arises in other dicotyledonous families as specializations from such ray forms as occur in the Winteraceae. This suggests that the wood of the Winteraceae is of a more primitive and plastic ranalian type, resembling that from which the modified and stereo- typed wood of Trochodendron and Tetracentron has been derived. It should be noted in this connection that in young stems of Winteraceae (Bailey and Thompson, 9), as in the wood of certain Bennettitales, the scalariform tracheids tend to be segregated in the earlywood when un- usually conspicuous growth layers are developed. It is unlikely that the dicotyledonous type of vessel could have originated in a specialized vesselless wood of the trochodendraceous type, since the more primitive types of vessels in dicotyledons are diffused throughout the wood and are not in zonal arrangements. Although the plastic vesselless wood of the Winteraceae more closely approximates the type in which vessels originated, the actual ancestral forms must have contained a higher ratio of scalariform pitting than occurs in most living representatives of the Winteraceae, which exhibit evidences of reduction in the amount of such pitting. When the summation of evidence from all organs and parts of the plants is taken into consideration, there are no convincing argu- ments for deriving the Trochodendraceae from the Winteraceae or vice versa or even for inferring that these families are closely related genetically. Nor can one assume that other ranalian families were derived from these specific vesselless families. Each of the latter exhibits a combination of more or less primitive and specialized characters, indicative of reticulate rather than linear relationships and of common origin from an ancestral ranalian stock. Until essential fossilized material is discovered, the com- posite structure of such ancestors can be synthesized only by combining the more primitive features of a number of diverse families. LITERATURE CITED 1. Anprews, H. N. On the stelar anatomy of the Pteridosperms with particular reference to the secondary wood. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 27: 51-118. 1940. 2. Baitey, I. W. The cambium and its derivative tissues. II. Size variations of cambial initials in gymnosperms and angiosperms. Am. Jour. Bot. 7: 355-367. —_______._ JI. A reconnaissance of cytological phenomena in the cambium. Am. Jour. Bot. 7: 417-434. 1920 102 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV LL, 14. is: 16. 17. 18. 19. 223 23, 24. 25. ry i IV. The increase in girth of the cambium. Am. Jour. Bot. 10: 499-509. 1923. . Some sear lines on ~~ in tracheary pitting. I. Gymno- spermae. Ann. Bot. 39: 587-5 ——— and OWARD. anid co Fait morphology of the Icacinaceae. Il. ee Tous, _ — 22: 171-187. 1941. —_—_—_—_ so . Imperforate tracheary elements and xylem paren- chyma. eae ieaeid ren 22: 432-442. ~——— and —————.._IV. Rays of the secondary xylem. Jour. Arnold Arb. earn 1941. --——— and W. P. Tuompson. Additional notes upon the angiosperms Tetra- centron, Trochodendron, and eee in which vessels are absent from the wood. Ann. Bot. 32: 503-512. 1918 ————— and W. W. a Size variation in tracheary cells. I. A oo between a secondary xylems of vascular cryptogams, gymnosperms, and ang sperms. Proc. Am. Acad. 54: 149-204. 1918 BARGHOORN, 7 S. Origin and development of the uniseriate ray in the Coniferae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 67: 303-328. 1940. ———. e ontogenetic dnleciient and enka na rege gga of rays in the xylem of aad I. The primitive ray structure. Am. Jour. Bot. 27: 918-928. 1 —_— nee of the multiseriate and uniseriate rays. Am. Jour. Bot. 28: Oh 282. 1941, III. The elimination of rays. Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 68: 317-325. 1941. Beck, GEo. 7 Fossil woods of the far West. Central Wash. College. Vol. I o.2. 194 CHEADLE, V. i The origin and certain trends ir specialization of the vessel in the Monocotyledoneae. Am. Jour. Bot. 30: 11- 1943. Der Bary, A. Ve carina Anatomie der ee der Phanerogamen und Farne. Leipzig. ErcuHvter, A. W. Be * coleamaen uber die Structur des Holzes von Drimys und Trochodendron, sowie iiber die systematische Stellung der letzteren eatican Flora 47: 449-458, 1864. Frost, F. H. Specialization in secondary xylem of dicotyledons. I. Origin of vessels. Bot. Gaz. 89: 30. ———.._ Il. Evolution of end wall of vessel segment. Bot. Gaz. 90: 198-212. 1930. ————. 4 Ruins of lateral wall of vessel segment. Bot. Gaz. 91: 88-96. 193 Goppert, H. R. Ueber die anatomische Structur einiger Magnoliaceen. Linnaea 16: 135-140. 1842. GRopPPLER, R. ts owas Anatomie des Holzes der Magnoliaceen. Bibl. Bot. 6[Heft 31]: 1-49. 1894, Harms, H. Ueber die Stellung der Gattung Tetracentron Oliv. und die Familie der Trochodendraceen. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 15: 350-360. 1897. Hermscu, Cuarres. Comparative anatom my of the secondary xylem in the ruinales” and “Terebinthales” of Wettstein at reference to taxonomic grouping. Lilloa 8: 83-198. 42. “ . H. Wetmore. The mares of wood anatomy in the tax- onomy of the Juglandaceae. Am. Jour. . 26: 651-660. 1939. Kriss, D. A. Salient lines of structural pecilation in the wood rays of dicoty- ledons. Bot. Gaz. 96: 547-557. 1935 Jour. Arnotp Ars. VoL. XXV PLaTE | 7 a _— - if etA'S — — H} | | ‘ Ii a. : y / ) “ ~ > = : { SL Memes ComMpARATIVE MorpHOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAE Hee re i ‘ ila: | fh A) ' | ig | | Ca) i . rir uf 7 is t i} ; j js nt | { yeas } | FRY Birth ' tim! | Heidi: {| a i} HW Y rj f \ | ; 7 f | ——— — — _ ee == eo > ——«, = Sa = 4 tani == 5. e%\ 2) ¥¢€ >? = ‘ = ca ~, i ~ ines , 44 | ie + t) & x74 ‘ie rs Se = : as a é " M i i A] === ry 3. =: ae bs —— — Jour. Arnotp Ars. VoL. XXV Prate III a. H 3 iis ry Raval $3 gat aupyat 103 f} oh 3 rclgbete sed! a, ttt tre: = 2 we 3 tae: eet Fe if eat aif SSuaayts By s A Bes ao sasn0e. Pag adie Ee Ww eS es POOR @ ae > sh t2 £255 as wet @ i] 8 ae IBek eb, == wae Baneee: 825.5, : cise Oo] : : i | ate CK re = ( at 5 p | oe ee A) dies === | 4 -—— Sance COMPARATIVE Morpuo.oGy OF THE WINTERACEAE Pirate IV Jour. Arnotp Ars. VoL. XXV —» —<_<_<_— oe — we eee a Se EK Sees ——— — — =—_ ———- ——+ — ——— _ =" = -—— fe) — ===>)...” ¥ > = =: a ~s-022°> ER eH Oo Seta i : : yy — =. SS EO ee — diem. S222 oo ; : ————S=——— ee WS He Ses ste S — : =. -_* - oe = <_< — SRD SOT wees Sipe mare ee Re Ooh PSB Or ee 4 Ae Se x Fo Si) Sam =—= ee ry BS <0Ps OS: erase. 80 ————— => ©, 257 auto. Catan NSes5e aa ‘e eg ee x x 2 oa ews is ; — thre gene, Py reo ee, oo ar) ~ etan's" 68a tw oOo: OO———<—<—<—— ae tr? 'e oe '5%% .¢ ee. (4 - PP oone Oat = melee = CoMPARATIVE MorpHOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAE 1944] BAILEY, MORPHOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAE, III 103 28. apenas Fr. J. Notes on some fossil plants from East Greenland. Meddel. m Grénland. 85: 1-62. 1932. 29. Morter, J. Beitrage zur vergleichenden Anatomie des Holzes. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Naturw. (Wien) 36: 1-130. 1876. 30. PARMENTIER, P. Histoire des Magnoliacées. Bull. Sci. Fr. et Belg. 27: 159-337. 1896. 31. Sanne, B. Homoxylon rajmahalense, gen. et sp. nov., a fossil angiospermous wood, devoid of face from the Rajmahal Hills, Behar. Mem. Geol. Survey India, n.s. 20: Mem. 2: 1-19. 1932 32. Smitu, A. C. te pee species of Drimys. Jour. Arnold Arb. 24: 1-33. 1943 33. ————_. onomic notes on the Old World species of Winteraceae. Jour. Arnold Pte ‘24: 119-164. 1943. 34. SOLEREDER, H. Ueber ae systematischen Wert der Holzstructur bei den Dicoty- ledonen. Miinchen. 1885. 35. ———_-. tne Anatomie der Dicotyledonen. Stuttgart. 1899. 36. eee E. Ueber den Bau und die Verrichtungen der Leitungsbahnen in den Pflanzen. Jena. 37. THompson, W. P. and I. W. Barrey. Are Tetracentron, rab pp irae and Drimys specialized or primitive types? Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 27-32. 1916. 38. TiecHeM, P. van. Sur les dicotylédones du groupe des Homoxylées. ee de Bot. 14: 259-297, 330-361. 1900. 39. Trpro, O. Comparative anatomy of the Moraceae and their presumed allies. Bot. Gaz. 100: 1-99. 1938. . Vestat, P. A. The significance of comparative anatomy in establishing the rela- tionship of the oe to the Guttiferae and their allies. Philip. Jour. Sci. : 199-256. es ie) EXPLANATION OF PLATES Pate I Fie. 1. eal Ais Vieillardi Baill., Y. U. sets Transverse section of the wood, x 50. Fic. 2. Drimys Winteri J. R. and G , H. U. 17320. Transverse section of the wo a x20055 FIGs: 3: Betistum ere (Burtt) ACS 22694 Transverse section of the wood, Pirate II rer 4, Pr ae Vieillardi, Y. U. 14295. Tangential section of the wood, x 50. Fic s Winteri, H. U. 8949, ae ngential section of the wood, x 50. Fic. 6 pone Herat Ye v. 22694. Tangential section of the wood, x 50 Pirate III Fic. 7. Drimys sas hag (Poir.) Baill., Y. U. 16121. Transverse section of the wood, x 50. Fic. Pseudowintera dela var. colorata (Raou 15776. Transverse section of the wood, x 50. 1G.9:, fro Sennen praca Sieb. & Zucc., H. U. 18074. Transverse section of the wood, x : PLATE IV Fic. 10. Drimys lanceolata, Y. U. 16121. Tangential section of the wood, x 50. Fic. i Pseudowintera axillaris var. colorata, H. U. 15776. Tangential section of the wood, x 50. Fic. 12. Trochodendron aralioides, H. U. 18070. Tangential section of the wood, x 50. BrIoLoGIcAL LABORATORIES, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. 104 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI* A. C. SMITH ELAEOCARPACEAE Tue only comprehensive discussion of the Papuasian species of Elaeo- carpaceae is that published by R. Schlechter (in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 92-155. f. 1-9. 1916), recognizing six genera and about 90 species in the group. Although numerous species have been described since 1916 by several writers, Schlechter’s treatment remains a fairly adequate and highly useful summary; the general pattern of the family proposed by him is followed in the present paper. Fortunately, many of the species described by Schlechter and other students are represented by isotypes in American herbaria, and in the remaining cases the descriptions are in general adequate. In connection with this treatment, herbarium specimens have been seen from the Arnold Arboretum (A), the New York Botanical Garden (NY), and the University of California (UC). In the absence of parenthetical letters indicating the place of deposit, cited specimens are deposited only at the Arnold Arbo.etum, Sericolea Schlechter Originally founded by Schlechter (in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 95. Apr. 1916) to include six New Guinean species, Sericolea was subsequently amplified by the same author (in Rep. Sp. Nov. 16: 29-32. 1919) to take in 14 species. Most of the later species were transfers from the following genera, which are synonyms of Sericolea: Mischopleura Wernham (in Hook. Ic. Pl. 31: pl. 3059. June, 1916, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 9: 99. Aug. 1916), with two species, originally placed in the Ericaceae; Pyrsonota Ridley (in Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 9: 40. Aug. 1916), with one species, originally placed in the Saxifra» cae; and Hormopetalum Lauterb. (in Bot. Jahrb. 55: 257. 1918), wit: three species, originally placed in the Rutaceae. The last genus was not described by Lauterbach, who referred to an un- published volume of Nova Guinea for the generic description and for descriptions of two species; a third species, Hormopetalum Werneri, was described, and one may accept the genus as adequately published for this reason, and also since it was keyed in the discussion of the genera. Since Schlechter’s second discussion of Sericolea, in 1919, two additional species have been described by O. C. Schmidt (in Nova Guin. Bot. 14: 151-153. 1924) and in the same publication Lauterbach’s undescribed species were validated by descriptions. The genus thus now consists of 16 species; *Botanical — of the Richard Archbold Expeditions. See Jour. Arnold Arb. 23: 417-443. 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 105 from the descriptions it seems that most, if not all, of these are main- tainable. In the present treatment five new species are proposed Sericolea elegans Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 98. 1916, in Rep. Sp. Nov. 16: 31. Van Steenis in Nova Guin. Bot. 14: 305. 192 NETHERLANDS NEW GuINEA: 15-18 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1800-2150 m., Brass 12418 (common epiphyte, 2-3 m. high, on tall trees in mossy-forest; leaves glaucous beneath; flowers white), Brass 12637 (slender tree 2—3 m. high, abundant in low scrub on an exposed summit; leaves gray beneath; flowers white). The species has previously been known only from the type collection, made in the Waria region of the Morobe District, Northeastern New Guinea, and from the Hellwig Mts. of Netherlands New Guinea. Our specimens precisely match the type collection (Schlechter 19756, UC). Sericolea Werneri cra een harem in Rep. Sp. Nov. 16: 32. 1919; Van Steenis Nova Guin. Bot. 14 Hormopetalum Werneri rare in ik Jahrb. 55: 257. 1918. NORTHEASTERN NEw Guinea: Morobe District, Ogeramnang, alt. about 1800 m., Clemens 5518. The cited specimen agrees very well with the original description, based on Werner 95, from the nearby Finisterre Mts. at 1700 m. The species appears to be very close to S. elegans Schlechter, being distinguished by its shorter pedicels and its leaf-blades being revolute (“‘involuta” in the description) at base. The stamens are said to be 10, but the Clemens specimen is in fruit and this point cannot be checked. Another fruiting specimen which possibly belongs here is Clemens 11212, from Matap, Morobe District, alt. 1500-1800 m. This specimen has leaves somewhat larger, up to 10.5 & 1.8 cm., but otherwise it agrees with Clemens 5518 and the original description. Sericolea decandra sp. nov. Frutex vel arbor 2—4 m. alta ut videtur multiramosa et dense foliata, ramis ramulisque gracilibus, juventute complanatis et dense aureo-sericeis mox subteretibus purpurascentibus glabrisque; foliis oppositis vel sub- oppositis, petiolis gracilibus 2-4 mm. longis primo ut ramulis sericeis demum glabrescentibus, laminis subcoriaceis oblongo- lanceolatis, 5—6.8 cm. longis, 1-1.6 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice in acuminem gracilem calloso-mucronu- latum 10-15 mm. longum gradatim attenuatis, margine basim versus saepe conspicue revolutis superne recurvatis, dentibus 3-7 per centimetrum spinulosis circiter 1 mm. longis praeditis, supra glabris vel costa puberulis, subtus densissime argenteo- vel juventute aureo-sericeis, costa supra elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus multis obliquis cum rete venularum rhachi brevi, bracteis minutis dentes 2 laterales subulatos circiter 1 mm. longos gerentibus; floribus 2-8 saepe 4 per inflorescentiam, pedicellis subcurvatis 4-6 mm. longis; sepalis S papyraceis ovato- lanceo- latis, 2.2-2.5 mm. longis, 1—-1.2 mm. latis, acutis, intus puberulis et leviter carinatis, extus sericeis; petalis 5 membranaceis obovatis longitudine sepala 106 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM (VOL. XXV subaequantibus, 1.3—-1.6 mm. latis, apice plerumque emarginatis et bilobatis interdum irregulariter crenulatis; ‘disco glabro 5-lobato, lobis carnosis pro- funde bilobatis circiter 0.5 mm. altis et latis; staminibus 10 alternatim leviter inaequalibus, brevioribus (circiter 0.7 mm. longis) lobis disci alter- natis, longioribus (circiter 0.8 mm. longis) lobis disci oppositis, filamentis gracill ili bus glabris, antheris oblongis circiter 0.4 mm. longis apicem versus obscure setulosis; ovario glabro subgloboso sub anthesi circiter 1 mm diametro, loculis 2 biovulatis, stylo crasso 0.5-0.7 mm. longo obscure bifido: fructibus subcarnosis maturitate circiter 3 mm. diametro, disco et stylo persistentibus, seminibus 4 subfalcato-oblongis 1—1.4 mm. longis. NETHERLANDS New GUINEA: Vicinity of Lake Habbema, alt. 3345 m., Brass 9267 (type), Aug. 1938 (shrub or tree 2-4 m. high, common in mossy fitabets of ridge crests; branches erect; leaf-blades brownish above, argenteous beneath; flowers cream- colored; fruits black). Sericolea decandra seems most closely allied to S. Werneri (Lauterb.) Schlechter, which is also described as having 10 stamens. The new species differs from S. Werneri in its rigid and subcoriaceous rather than papyra- ceous leaf-blades, which have less conspicuously attenuate tips, more obvi- ous marginal teeth, and more conspicuous venation. The new species is further characterized by its more compact inflorescence and short pedicels; its sepals and petals are larger than those described for S. Wernert, but those were immature. Other species with 10 rather than 15 stamens (the usual number for the genus) are S. Ridleyana (Wernh.) Schlechter and S. Lamii O. C. Schmidt, ut these are quite unlike S$. decandra in other respects. The staminal arrangement described above has been verified by many dissections, and the same arrangement is illustrated for S. Ridleyana and S. Lamit. Sericolea venusta sp. nov. Arbor gracilis circiter 10 m. alta, ramulis elongatis gracilibus dense brevi- terque aureo-crispato-pilosis demum glabris purpurascentibus ; foliis oppo- sitis vel suboppositis, petiolis gracilibus circiter 1 mm. longis ut ramulis pilosis, laminis subcoriaceis ovatis, 15-25 mm. longis, 7—12 mm. latis, basi rotundatis vel obtusis, apice obtusis et calloso-apiculatis, margine utrince- cus dentibus 5-9 inconspicuis spinulosis praeditis, supra glabris, subtus densissime aureo-sericeis demum cano-puberulis, costa supra prominula subtus valde elevata, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 6-10 cum aliis inter- spersis et rete venularum intricato utrinque prominulis sed subtus indu- mento saepe obscuratis; inflorescentiis compactis axillaribus vel e ramulis defoliatis orientibus breviter racemosis 2— 6-floris, rhachi et pedunculo minuto 2—6 mm. longis et pedicellis gracilibus 4-6 mm. longis aureo- puberulis; bracteis _sericeis tripartitis, lamina oblonga acuta 0.5—-1 mm. obscure crenulatis; disco 5-lobato, lobis carnosis oblongis 0.3-0.4 mm. diametro; staminibus 10-12, 1—-1.2 mm. longis, filamentis glabris, antheris oblongis circiter 0.5 mm, longis ubique puberulo- setulosis; gynaecio glabro sub anthesi circiter 1.7 mm. longo, ovario subgloboso, stylo gracili 0.7-0.8 mm. longo obscure bifido, loculis 2 biovulatis. 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 107 NETHERLANDS New GurINeEA: Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2300 m., Brass 11056 (TYPE), Nov. 1938 (slender tree about 10 m. high, common in low suhstage of ridge-crest forests; flowers white). Like S. Ridleyana (Wernh.) Schlechter and S. Lamii O. C. Schmidt, the new species has the combination of small leaves and a reduced number of stamens, although flowers of the present species appear to have 10, 11, or 12 stamens rather than a fixed number. When only 10 stamens are present, they are arranged opposite to and alternate with the disk-lobes, as de- scribed above for my new species S. decandra. When 11 or 12 stamens are present the arrangement is less regular, and apparently 1 or 2 of the disk- lobes subtend 3 stamens each — the more usual arrangement in the genus. Sericolea Ridleyana has foliage quite unlike that of the new species, but S. Lamii seems closer; from the latter S. venusta differs in its densely seri- ceous rather than glabrous lower leaf-surfaces and its more compact inflo- rescences with shorter pedicels. Species with foliage suggesting that of S. venusta but with 15 stamens are S. novo-guineensis Gibbs, S. Gjellerupi O. C. Schmidt, and S$. Pullei (Lauterb.) Schlechter, all of which also differ from the new species in minor details of foliage and inflorescence. Sericolea floribunda sp. nov. Frutex epiphyticus 3-4 m. altus copiose ramosus et foliatus, ne fuscis gracilibus, juventute parce argenteo-sericeis complanatis mox gla a et teretibus; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petiolis gracilibus 2—4 longis inconspicue sericeis, laminis chartaceis subrigidis oblongo- tieecdlatis 4.5-7 cm. longis, 8-16 mm. latis, basi obtusis vel subacutis, apice in acuminem gracilem calloso-mucronulatum 1-2 cm. longum attenuatis, margine obscure spinuloso-serrulatis et anguste recurvatis, siccitate con- 1-2.5 cm. longis et latis 5—20-floris, pedunculo brevi ad 8 mm. longo paullo complanato, ramulis lateralibus plerum mque 1-4, 1-6 mm. longis, 2—4-floris; bracteis tripartitis, lamina lanceolata ad 3 mm. longa paucidentata ubique sericea mox caduca, dentibus 2 basalibus subulatis subpersistentibus 0.5—0.8 mm. longis, bracteolis minutis; pedicellis gracilibus 3—7 mm. longis, floribus saepe nutantibus; sepalis 5 concavis oblongo- lanceolatis, 2.1-2. longis, 0.8—1 mm. latis, acutis, extus sparse sericeis, intus obscure puberulis; petalis 5 submembranaceis glabris cuneato- obovati tis, 2.5-3 mm. longis, 1.5-1.8 mm. latis, apice truncato-crenulatis, margine apicem versus saepe anguste involutis; ‘disci lobis 5 distinctis glabris oblongo-subglobosis circiter .4 mm. diametro; staminibus modo vulgari generis 15, 1.3—1.5 mm. longis, filamentis gracilibus minute puberulis, cases oblongis circiter 0.7 mm. longis ubique puberulo-setulosis; gynaec o glabro circiter 2 mm. ovario ellipsoideo, stylo gracili ovarium subasquante obscure bifido, loculis 2 biovulatis; fructibus sllipepideis Sea oe a ON disco e stylo persistentibus, seminibus magni 1 vel 2 saepe reductis. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 6 km. ee of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg ae alt. 1200 m., Brass 12862 (Type), Feb. 1939 (common epiphytic “tree” 3-4 m. high; leaf-blades glaucous beneath; flowers yellow-green). 108 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV Sericolea floribunda is the only species of the genus thus far described as having a paniculate inflorescence, with lateral few-flowered branches toward the base; for all other species a simple raceme is indicated. The relation- ship of the new species appears to be with S. glabra Schlechter and S. salicina Schlechter, both rather inadequately described species, which are said to have 4-ovulate ovary-locules and few-flowered racemose inflo- rescences., Sericolea Brassii sp. nov. rbor gracilis 5-7 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus purpurascentibus vel cinereis, juventute complanatis, novellis aureo-sericeo-puberulis; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petiolis mox glabris gracilibus canaliculatis 4—6 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis oblongis, 5.5-10 cm. longis, 1.5—3 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice in acuminem calloso-subulatum 1—2 cm. longum gradatim angustatis, margine dentibus spinulosis 2 vel 3 per centimetrum praeditis, supra glabris, subtus pallidioribus inconspicue pallido-sericeis mox glabre- scentibus, costa supra elevata subtus prominente, nervis secundariis rectis venularum intricato utrinque valde prominulis; inflorescentiis axillaribus breviter racemosis 4—7-floris, rhachi pedicellisque sericeo-puberulis, pe- dunculo brevi 1-2 mm. longo, rhachi 2-6 mm. longa, saan ae heen 7-9 mm. longis; bracteis papyraceis utrinque sericeis lanceolat longis mox caducis, dentibus 2 basalibus subulatis circiter 0.5 1 mm. longis subpersistentibus; ‘sepalis 5 papyraceis oblongo-lanceolatis, 3—3.5 mm. longis, 1.2—1.3 mm. latis, acutis, utrinque obscure sericeo-puberulis, intus leviter carinatis; petalis 5 glabris submembranaceis obovatis, sepala longi- tudine subaequantibus, 1.7—2 mm. latis, apice truncatis et irregulariter 3- vel 4-crenulatis; disco annulari-pulvinato continuo circiter 0.4 mm. alto leviter crenulato; staminibus 15 (5 quam aliis paullo longioribus) 0.8-1 mm. longis, filamentis gracilibus glabris, antheris oblongis 0.5—0.6 mm. longis ubique obscure puberulo-setulosis ; gynaecio glabro sub anthesi circiter 2.5 mm. longo, ovario nen stylo crasso circiter 1 mm. longo obscure bifido, loculis 2 biovulatis NETHERLANDS NEw GuINeEA: 18 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg artis, alt. 2150 m., Brass 12709 (typE), Feb. 1939 (slender tree 5-7 m. high, common in situations in mossy-forest; leaf-blades very glaucous beneath; flowers white). Sericolea Brassii is apparently closely related only to S. calophylla (Ridley) Schlechter, with which it has in common oblong leaves which are thinly pubescent beneath and comparatively broad for the genus. The original description of that species (as Pyrsonota calophylla Ridley, in Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 9: 40. 1916) and the illustration (loc. cit. pl. 3, f. 48-54) do not agree in all details, but from them one can obtain a fairly accurate idea of Ridley’s plant. The new species appears to differ from S. calophylia in its larger bracts, longer pedicels, broader petals, continuous rather than 5-lobed disk, shorter stamens, and glabrous rather than pilose gynaecium. The leaves of S. calophylla are portrayed as up to 7.3 .3 cm., somewhat larger than described; those of S. Brassii are often still larger. 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 109 Sericolea lanata sp. nov. Arbor 7 m. alta, ramulis juventute complanatis dense aureo-sericeis mox subteretibus glabris purpurascentibus; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petiolis primo sericeis mox glabris canaliculatis 3-5 mm. longis, laminis rigidis coriaceis ovato-ellipticis, (3—)5—7.5 cm. longis, (1.5—)2—3.5 cm. latis, basi late obtusis vel subrotundatis, apice in acuminem callosum ad 1 cm longum abrupte angustatis, margine dentibus sims inconspicue crenu- lato-serratis, supra glabris siccitate olivaceis, subtus tomento aureo-arach- noideo- lanato densissime indutis, costa supra apes aibtue prominente, nervis secundariis utrinsecus 15-25 patentibus supra obscuris vel paullo prominulis subtus elevatis, rete venularum intricato supra leviter prominulo subtus tomento occulto; inflorescentiis in axillis foliorum solitariis vel binis racemosis 2—6-floris, rhachi pedicellisque crispato-pilosis, pedunculo brevi et rhachi 1-10 (raro sub fructu ad 20) mm. longis, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 4—6 mm. sub fructu ad 14 mm. longis; bracteis lanceolatis circiter 2.5 mm. longis sericeo-puberulis caducis, dentes 2 breves subulatos basales subpersistentes gerentibus; = (pan 5 submembranaceis oblongo-lanceolatis, circiter 2.5 mm. longis, 0.8—1.2 mm. latis, acutis, extus dense tomentellis, intus obscure puberulis et teas: petalis 5 membranaceis glabris late 0.5-0.6 mm. latis emarginatis, sub fructu in pulvino crenulato persistente eee ee 10 vel 11 ubique minute puberulo-setulosis, 0.8— mm. longi , filamentis gracilibus, antheris oblongis circiter 0.5 mm nee sone glabro sub anthesi circiter 2 mm. longo, ovario subgloboso, stylo gracili ovarium subaequante obscure bifido, loculis 2 quadriovulatis; fructibus subglobosis carnosis maturitate circiter 5 mm. diametro, semini- bus magnis ad | vel 2 saepe reductis obovoideis levibus. pines: New GurneEa: 18 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 2150 m., Brass 12676 (TYPE), Feb. 1939 (tree 7 m. high, uncommon in mossy-forest ne pre lene stiff, convex; flowers white; fruit fleshy, black). Sericolea lanata, in its beautifully golden-arachnoid-lanate lower leaf- surfaces, suggests S. chrysotricha Schlechter, which has much narrower, lanceolate, long-acuminate leaf-blades and flowers with 15 stamens. Sericolea calophylla (Ridley) Schlechter agrees with the new species in general leaf-shape and size but has the leaf-blades less densely pilose, with longer tips and coarser denticulation, while its stamens are also 15. The broad and deeply lobed petals further characterize S. /anata. From all other described species of Sericolea the new species differs in numerous and obvious characters of leaf-size, shape, and pubescence. As only a few flowers are available, the variation in number of stamens of S. lanata needs to be checked; apparently 10 is the normal number, but sometimes an extra one is found. A fruiting specimen which is very probably conspecific with S. anata is Clemens 6277, from the Busu River, Morobe District, Northeastern New Guinea, alt. 2100-2400 m Sericolea array (F. v. Muell.) Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 100. 1916, in Rep. v. 16: 3 Sp. ; : 31. 1919. Aristotelia Gaultheria F. v. Muell. in Jour. Bot. 29: 176. 1891. 110 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV British New GUINEA: Wharton Range, Central Division: Neon Basin, alt. 3200 m., Brass 4501 (A, NY) (compact tree 4-5 m. high, very common in forest patches, fruit pale green, flecked with red, about 6 mm. diam.); Murray Pass, alt. 2840 m., Brass 4504 (A, NY), 4665 (A, NY) (compact trees 5-8 m. high, very common in forest; leaf-blades dark green above, silver-gray beneath, the petiole red; flowers yellow or cream-colored; fruit reddish brown to black, 4-7 . diam.). The cited specimens appear almost certainly to cached S. Gaultheria, the type of which was collected on the summit of Mt. Yule, not far from the above localities. This is the only species of Sericolea thus far de- scribed from British New Guinea; Mueller has also mentioned Aristotelia Siege F. v. Muell. (in Southern Science Record 1: 150, nomen. 1881, . 2: 5, nomen. 1885), which Schlechter (in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 155. PN a. may possibly be identical with S. Gaultheria. While this may be true, Mueller’s two names are based on different types. The Brass specimens may be confidently excluded from all other species of Sericolea except S. Gaultheria, the original description of which is too generalized to permit absolute identification. The leaves of Mueller’s species are said to be ‘‘'4—2 in. long,” while the Brass specimens have leaf- blades 2.5—-4 cm. long and 7-15 mm. broad. The pedicels of S. Gaultheria are said to be double or triple the length of the sepals, which are “hardly 1% in. long.” On Brass 4501, which probably best agrees with the descrip- tion in this respect as well as in its “leaves . . . gradually much contracted into an acute apex,”’ the pedicels are 5—7 mm. long and the sepals 2.5—3 mm. long. Numbers 4504 and 4665 have the pedicels 10-16 mm. long and the sepals 3.5-4 mm. long. In spite of these and other minor differences among the three collections cited, I am confident that only one species, of reason- able variability, is represented. Aceratium DC. In his discussion of Aceratium, Schlechter (in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 100-107. 1916) recognized 13 species, of which 11 are from New Guinea, one from the New Hebrides, and one from Amboina; in 1918 (in Bot. Jahrb. 55: 194) he transferred one of Ridley’s New Guinean species of Elaeocarpus to Aceratium. To this number, C. T. White (in Kew Bull. 1932: 42-43. 1932) added three species from Queensland, so that the genus is now composed of 17 species. In Schlechter’s original treatment, three of the New Guinean species are listed as “ined.” and references are given to an unpublished number of Nova Guinea. In these three cases types are cited and brief notes are given, the species also being placed in a key; therefore one may consider them validly published. Since type material of these three species is available to me, I give more detailed descriptions of them below. Seven species from New Guinea, one from the Kai Islands, and one from the Solomon Islands are here proposed as new. Although Schlechter states that the ovary of Aceratium is usually 4- locular and only rarely 3-locular, considerable latitude in this character is found. Aceratium Branderhorstii, for instance, may have the ovary-locules 3, 4, or 5 on the same plant; A. sericeum has only 2 or 3 ovary-locules, while 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI in several other species have 3 locules more or less consistently. In fruit some species, such as A. erythrocarpum and A. Archboldianum, appear to have unilocular pyrenes. Aceratium parvifolium Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 102. 1916. ETHERLANDS NEw Guinea: Parameles Mountains, alt. about 1100 m., Pulle 561 (TYPE COLL.), Dec. 1912 (tree 4 m. high, in primary forest). Since Schlechter’s original publication of this binomial is accompanied by only a few preliminary notes, a description based on an isotype is herewith offered. Mature flowers are not available to me, but the species is very distinct from others of the genus on the basis of its small leaf-blades with fine and copious serrulations; the inflorescence is very slender, and appar- ently the flowers will prove to be small for the genus. Arbor gracilis ad 4 m. alta, ramulis subteretibus primo dense cinereo- sericeo-strigosis demum glabratis; foliis oppositis, petiolis gracilibus 2-3 mm. longis evanescenter pilosis, laminis papyraceis in sicco fuscescentibus anguste ovato-lanceolatis, 5—6.5 cm. longis, 1.3-1.7 cm. latis, basi late obtusis, apice in acuminem ad 1 cm. longum obtusum calloso-apiculatum serrulatum gradatim attenuatis, margine copiose mucronulato-serrulatis (dentibus 8-10 per centimetrum ), supra costa sericeo-puberula excepta mox giabratis, subtus plus minusve persistenter brunneo-strigosis, costa nervis- que lateralibus utrinsecus 10-15 leviter arcuatis supra paullo subtus valde elevatis, rete venularum intricato utrinque prominulo vel supra subplano; inflorescentiis breviter racemosis 3—6-floris, pedunculo et rhachi gracillimis mm. longis cum pedicellis puberulis glabratis, bracteis lanceolatis acutis ad 2 mm. longis mox caducis, pedicellis gracilibus ad 25 mm. longis; floribus maturis non visis; sepalis 5 submembranaceis oblongo-lanceolatis alabastro ad 15 & 1.5 mm., apice subacutis, utrinque puberulis glabratisque, intus basim versus sericeis et carinatis; petalis 5 membranaceis anguste oblongo-cuneatis (ad 2 cm. longis ex Schlecht.), apice 5—7-lobatis (denti- bus saepe emarginatis, segmentis obtusis), intus basim versus et margine copiose pallido-tomentellis; disco pulvinato stramineo-hispidulo; stamini- bus 15 quam gynaecio brevioribus, filamentis filiformibus hispidulis, an- theris oblongis alabastro 2—2.5 mm. longis copiose setulosis et apice pilis stramineis 0.5—0.7 mm. longis hispidis; gynaecio quam petalis breviore, ovario pallide sericeo-hispidulo 3-loculari (unico dissecto), ovulis 6 in quoque loculo, stylo subulato inferne hispidulo superne glabro. Aceratium erythrocarpum sp. nov. Arbor ad 25 m. alta, ramulis gracillimis teretibus primo inconspicue stri- gosis cito glabris cinereisque; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis raro sub- alternatis, petiolis gracilibus semiteretibus 2-4 mm. longis breviter strigosis demum glabrescentibus, laminis chartaceis oblongo-lanceolatis, (4—)5—8.5 cm. longis, 1.2—2.2 cm. latis, basi subacutis vel obtusis, apicem versus grada- tim angustatis, apice ipso obtusis et mucronulatis, margine integris et paullo incrassatis vel anguste revolutis, supra viridibus praeter costam et mar- valde prominulis, venulis transversis numerosis anastomosantibus utrinque leviter prominulis; inflorescentiis sub fructu ut videtur breviter racemosis, 112 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV rhachi pedicellisque pilis brunneis 0.5—1 mm. longis epsaarne! strigosis, rhachi brevi, bracteis minutis, pedicellis gracilibus sub -12 m longis; calyce sub fructu subpersistente, sepalis 5 ne ace: 8 mm longis et 1 mm. latis extus copiose strigosis intus puberulis; fructibus ut videtur subglobosis, maturitate ad 2.3 cm. diametro, basi et apice rotunda- fisso, papers osseo —3 mm. crasso, pyrena uniloculari (dissolutione dissepimentorumi 7; British New Guinea: Fly River region, Palmer River, 2 miles below pas with Black River, alt. 100 m., ss 7141 (type), June 1936 (common sub-canopy tree of lower ridges, attaining 25 m. in height; trunk spurred or with prop-roots; leaf-blades gray beneath; fruit red, teks), Among described species, A. erythrocarpum is close only to A. parvi- folium Schlechter, from which it differs in its entire leaf- blades, which are distinctly glaucous beneath, essentially glabrous except on the veins, and have only 6-10 lateral nerves. Although the new species bears fruits, its inflorescence seems more compact than that of A. parvifolium and has shorter pedicels. Aceratium Branderhorstii Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 102. 1916. NetrHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: Kampong Kabatiel [near Okaba, south coast near boundary of British New Guinea], Branderhorst 269 (tyPE COLL.). BRITISH NEw Guinea: Western Division: Gaima, lower Fly River (east bank), Brass 8341 [det. 7466 [det. R. Knuth] (profusely flowering virgate non 7-8 m. a, high, common in rain- forest substage; leaf-blades eo brown-pubescent beneath; flowers pale yellow) ; Wuroi, Oriomo River, alt. 20 m., Brass 5886 (NY) (twiggy tree 3 m. high, rare in savanna forest; leaf-blades gray aarinaliets fruit pale yellow, with a glaucous bloom). This is one of the species which Schlechter published with only pre- liminary notes. In view of the fact that ample material is now available, a complete description is herewith offered. Brass 7466 is in flower, while Brass 5886 and 8341 and the type collection are in fruit. Arbor ad 10 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus teretibus juventute ferrugineo- vel cano-tomentellis demum glabris; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petio- lis gracilibus ut ramulis juvenilibus tomentellis vel pilosis 3-5 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis oblongo-ellipticis, 57.5 cm. longis, (1.5—)2—4 cm. latis, basi late obtusis vel subrotundatis, _apice cuspidatis vel acuminatis et calloso- pallidioribus primo dense sericeis demum pilis canescentibus laxe pilosis, costa supra prominula subtus valde elevata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus leviter prominulis; inflorescentiis breviter racemosis 2—6-floris, rhachi gra- cili 5-10 mm. longa et pedicellis pilis 0.5-0.8 mm. longis canescentibus Saige bracteis anguste oblongis pilosis 2-3 mm. longis, ser ea gracilli- : ongis ; sepalis 5 oblongo-lanceolatis, 9-10 mm. longis, ri 4. 5 mm. latis, apicem subacutum gradatim angustatis, extus ut pedicellis pallide et dense pilosis, intus obscure puberulis et basim versus carinatis; petalis 5 membranaceis oblongo-cuneatis, 11—15 mm. longis, 5-6 mm. latis, 1944 | SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 113 apice dentibus 4 vel 5 inaequalibus 1-2 mm. longis saepe 2—4-lobatis lacini- atis, intus basim versus et margine copiose tomentellis; disco annulari- pulvinato circiter 0.7 mm. alto et crasso dense hispidulo-piloso; staminibus 15 quam gynaecio brevioribus, filamentis gracilibus filiformibus glabris 6—7 mm. longis, antheris oblongis 2.7-3 mm. longis ubique minute setoso- puberulis et apice pilis 0.3-0.5 mm. longis ciliato-hispidis; gynaecio sub anthesi 11-12 mm. longo, ovario ovoideo dense stramineo-piloso 3—5-locu- lari, ovulis plerumque 10 pendulis biseriatis in quoque loculo, stylo subulato apicem minute 3—5-fidum attenuato basim versus puberulo distaliter oe 8-9 mm. longo; A ieabic elongato-ovoideis maturitate glabris 20-30 m longis et 9-15 mm. latis, inconspicue 3—5-angulatis, basi rotundatis, sees versus angustatis et basi styli puberulo saepe coronatis; pericarpio (meso- carpio fibroso et endocarpio osseo inclusis) 1-4 mm. crasso, pyrena 3-—5- loculari. Aceratium sericeum sp. nov. Arbor ad 23 m. alta, ramulis juventute subcomplanatis ferrugineo-sericeis demum teretibus glabris: foliis oppositis vel aera petiolis gracilibus leviter canaliculatis sericeis 3-5 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis in sicco ee fuscescentibus elliptico- vel janet ee oblongis, 5—8.5 cm. longis, .5—3 cm. latis, basi late obtusis vel subrotundatis, apice gradatim acumi- natis lacime circiter 1 cm. longo calloso-mucronulato), margine apicu- lato-serrulatis (dentibus 3—5 per centimetrum), supra costa interdum brevi- ter strigosa excepta glabris, subtus dense et persistenter aureo-sericeis, costa supra leviter subtus valde prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 10-14 leviter curvatis utrinque cum rete venularum intricato prominulis (venulis tomento subtus interdum obscuris); inflorescentiis racemosis 2-—7-floris, pedunculo et rhachi ad 32 mm. longis pedicellisque pilis 0.5—0.8 mm. longis sericeis demum subglabrescentibus, bracteis parvis mox caducis, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 5-12 mm. longis; sepalis 5 raro 4 lanceolatis, 11-13 mm. longis, 1.5-2.5 mm. latis, apicem acuminatum gradatim angustatis, extus dense sericeis, intus sericeo-puberulis et obscure carinatis; petalis 5 taro 4 membranaceis anguste cuneatis, 15-20 mm. longis, 5—6.5 mm. latis, apice dentibus 4—7 inaequalibus 1.5—3 mm. longis et saepe 2- vel 3-lobatis laciniatis, intus basim versus et margine involuto dense tomentellis; disco pulvinato 0.5—1 mm. alto dense aureo-hispido; staminibus 15 (12 in floribus 4-meris) quam gynaecio brevioribus, filamentis filiformibus ubique breviter setulosis 6—7 mm. longis, antheris oblongis 2.7-3 mm. longis ubique setuloso- puberulis et apice pilis 0.3—-0.5 mm. longis ciliato-hispidis; gynaecio sub anthesi 12-13 mm. longo, ovario dense sericeo 2- vel 3-loculari, ovulis plerumque 6 in quoque loculo, stylo subulato 9-10 mm. longo basim versus sericeo distaliter glabro apice minute 2- vel 3-fido; fructibus anguste ovoideis immaturis ad 15 mm. longis et 6 mm. latis, plus minusve pilosis, inconspicue angulatis, basi obtusis vel subrotundatis, apice stylo piloso coronatis; pericarpio plus minusve tenui, mesocarpio haud fibroso, endo- Carpio osseo, pyrena 2- bs 3-loculari, dissepimentis mox evanescentibus. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINE 6 km. mouineeee of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1150-1200 m., Brass eae (TYPE), Feb. 18, 1939 (frequent tree of primary forest, crown small; flowers red), Brass 125304 (frequent tree of secondary forest, on the slope of a ridge; fruiting material of no. 12539), Brass 12810 (rain-forest substage tree 12 m. high, with immature fruit 114 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV Aceratium sericeum is most closely related, among described species, to A. Branderhorstii Schlechter, but the two are readily separated by several important characters which may best be summarized in a key: Leaf-blades at length spreading-pilose with grayish hairs, the margin entire, obscurely mucronulate-serrulate only toward apex; peduncle and rachis 5-10 mm. long; pedicels, sepals, and ovary spreading-pilose with pale nearly colorless hairs; sepals 9-10 mm. long, subacute at apex; petals 11-15 mm. long; filaments glabrous; ovary-locules 3-5, the ovules usually 10 per locule. ............ A. Branderhorstii. Leaf-blades persistently golden-sericeous beneath, the margin apiculate-serrulate throughout; peduncle and rachis up to 32 mm. long, pedicels, sepals, and ovary sericeous with appressed golden-brown hairs; sepals 11-13 mm. long, acuminate at apex; petals 15-20 mm. long; filaments short-setulose ; ovary-locules 2 or 3, the ovules usually 6 per locule. 1.2.0.0... 0.0 cece eee teens A. sericeum. Although A. sericeum resembles A. parvifolium Schlechter in leaf-shape and margins, it differs markedly in pubescence and in its much larger flow- ers, to such a degree that the relationship appears only distant. Aceratium Brassii sp. nov. Arbor ad 20 m. alta ut videtur copiose ramulosa, ramulis validis juven- tute brunneo-strigoso-puberulis cito glabris cinereisque; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petiolis gracilibus canaliculatis puberulis 6-10 mm. ongis, laminis chartaceo-coriaceis in sicco fusco-olivaceis oblongo-ellipticis, 5—8.5 (-10) cm. longis, 2-3.5 cm. latis, basi obtusis, apice cuspidatis et calloso- mucronulatis, margine integris apicem versus interdum obscure crenulatis, supra costa strigosa excepta glabris, subtus glaucis ut videtur farinoso- ceriferis et pilis 0.5—0.8 mm. longis laxe pilosis, costa supra elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-9 curvatis marginem versus anastomosantibus supra prominulis subtus valde elevatis, rete venularum copioso intricato utrinque prominulo; inflorescentiis axillaribus breviter racemosis 2—7-floris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi crassis leviter angulatis ad 2 cm. longis cum pedicello bracteisque dense pallide brunneo-tomentellis, bracteis oblongis obtusis 1.5—3 mm. longis mox caducis, pedicellis crassis circiter 1.5 mm. diametro sub anthesi 7-12 mm. longis; sepalis 5 carnosis (profusely flowering subsidiary tree 15 m. high, in rain-forest of slopes; leaf-blades vray beneath; flowers red). 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 115 Closely related only to A. Branderhorstii Schlechter and A. sericeum (above-described), A. Brassii sharply differs from both in many characters, most obvious of which are its longer petioles, thicker leaf-blades with more pronounced veinlets, stouter inflorescences, much broader and _ thicker sepals, larger petals, longer filaments and anthers, and more copiously hispid ovary. Aceratium gracile sp. nov. Arbor ad 15 m. alta, ramis gracilibus pendulis, ramulis dense foliatis apicem versus leviter complanatis cinereo-tomentellis demum teretibus glabrisque; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petiolis gracilibus semiteretibus cano-sericeo-puberulis 2-4 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis oblongo-lanceo- latis, 6-11 cm. longis, (1.5—)2—3.5 cm. latis, basi late obtusis, apice cuspi- datis vel gradatim acuminatis et calloso-mucronulatis, margine apiculato- serrulatis (dentibus 4 vel 5 per centimetrum), supra costa strigoso-puberula excepta glabris, subtus pallidioribus et dense stramineo-sericeis, costa utrinque valde elevata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10 adscendentibus leviter curvatis supra subplanis subtus elevatis, rete venularum inconspicue laxo utrinque plano vel leviter prominulo; inflorescentiis breviter racemosis 2-7-floris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi gracilibus 2-8 mm. longis pedicellisque pilis 0.3—0.5 mm. longis laxe pilosis, bracteis oblongis minutis caducis, pedi- cellis gracillimis sub anthesi 5-12 mm. longis; sepalis 5 submembranaceis oblongo-lanceolatis, 10-11 mm. longis, 2—2.5 mm, latis, apice subacutis, utrinque pallide sericeo-puberulis, intus carinatis; petalis 5 membranaceis anguste oblongo-cuneatis, 13-17 mm. longis, 3.5—5 mm. latis, apice dentibus 4—6 obtusis interdum bilobatis 1-2 mm. longis laciniatis, intus basim versus et margine copiose puberulis; disco pulvinato circiter 0.7 mm. alto dense setuloso-puberulo; staminibus 15 quam gynaecio brevioribus, filamentis filiformibus sparsissime setulosis 5-6 mm. longis, antheris anguste oblongis 22.3 mm. longis ubique setulosis et apice pilis 0.3-0.4 mm. longis copiose hispidis; gynaecio sub anthesi 12-15 mm. longo, ovario anguste ovoideo pallide hispidulo 4-loculari, ovulis 8 in quoque loculo, stylo subulato 9-11 mm. longo infra medium hispidulo-puberulo superne glabro ut videtur obscure 4-fido. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 850 m., Brass 13208 (Type), March 1939 (tree 15 m. high, on bank of a rain- forest stream; trunk 30 cm. diam.; branches slender, long, drooping; flowers profuse, the petals brownish pink). Aceratium gracile is most closely related to A. Branderhorstu Schlechter and the two new species described above, differing from all of these in several minor characters of pubescence and dimensions. It has more slender flowers, with narrower petals and shorter anthers, than any of its immediate allies. In its serrulate leaf-margin, A. gracile is suggestive of A. sericeum, the leaves of which have more conspicuous veinlets and a brighter tomentum beneath. Compared with A. sericeum, the new species has a shorter rachis, brownish pink rather than red petals, a more closely pilose disk, and an ovary which is hispid rather than sericeous. Aceratium angustifolium sp. nov. Frutex robustus virgatus vel arbor parva, ramulis juvenilibus complanatis 116 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV inconspicue et pallide strigoso-puberulis demum teretibus oh agrsiai pagaperten foliis oppositis, petiolis gracilibus semiteretibus 2—4 m ongis sericeo- strigulosis, laminis Sasi in sicco brunnescentibus pron s oblongo- ellipticis, 6-9 cm. longis, 1.5-3 cm. latis, basi subacutis vel obtusis, apice gradatim breviter aiearene et calloso-apiculatis, margine subintegris sub lente mucronulato-crenulatis (dentibus circiter 4 per centimetrum), supra costa puberula excepta glabris, subtus pallidioribus pilis 0.7—1 mm. longis cano-albidis sericeo-pilosis, costa supra leviter subtus valde elevata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-11 erecto- patentibus supra subplanis subtus prominulis, rete venularum inconspicuo; inflorescentiis compactis breviter pediceilis sub fructu gracilibus 7—12 mm. longis puberulis: fructibus obscure sericeo-puberulis cito glabratis conico- aalie. ut videtur maturitate 15—20 mm. longis et 9-13 mm. latis, inconspicue ‘angulatis, basi latioribus truncato-rotundatis, deinde ad apicem acutum basi styli coronatum gra tim medrde pole pericarpio (mesocarpio fibroso et endocarpio osseo ce in sicco 1-2 mm. crasso, in vivo carnoso crassiore, pyrena 3-loculari, dissepi- mentis validis persistentibus. British New GuIneEa: Eastern Division, U-uma River, alt. 300 m., Brass 1518 (TYPE), May 20, 1926 (large virgate bush or small tree, on river bank; teat blades thin, soft, paler beneath; fruit fleshy, solitary in leaf-axils). Aceratium angustifolium, belonging to the group of A. Branderhorstiu Schlechter, differs from that species in its proportionately narrower and shorter-petiolate leaf-blades and its shorter, more distinctly conical fruit, of which the base is more definitely truncate. The relationship of A. angustifolium to the other relatives of A. Branderhorstii described above is more remote. It is to be expected that floral characters will serve further to differentiate A. angustifolium. The only other species of Aceratium thus far described from the eastern part of British New Guinea is A. Muellerianum Schlechter (Elaeocarpus edulis sensu F. v. Muell. in Jour. Bot. 31: 321. 1893, non Teys. & Binn.), based on Forbes 295, 705, and 896, from Sogere. Aceratium Muellerianum is said to have leaf-blades up to 15 & 6.5 cm. (6 & 2% inches), indi- cating that it is not close to A. angustifolium. It should be noted that A. ochraceum (Ridley) Schlechter (based on Elaeocarpus ochraceus Ridley) has even larger leaves; this is probably distinct from A. Muelleri- anum, in spite of Ridley’s statement (in Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 9: 22. 1916) that “Forbes’s nos. 295 and 580, from British New Guinea, seem to be the same species.” Aceratium Clemensiae sp. nov Frutex vel arbor parva, rami gracilibus apicem versus subcomplanatis sparse brunneo-sericeo-puberulis demum teretibus glabratis; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, en ape rete circiter 2 mm. longis hispidulo-puberulis, laminis chartaceis anguste ovato-oblongis, 4—6.2 cm. longis, 1.5—2.2 cm. latis, basi panda et minute cordatis, apice obtuse cuspidatis et calloso- apiculatis, margine mucronulato-serrulatis (dentibus 4 vel 5 per centi- metrum), supra costa obscure puberula excepta glabris, subtus molliter et pallide sericeo-tomenfellis, costa supra leviter subtus valde elevata, nervis 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 117 lateralibus utrinsecus 8-12 erecto-patentibus supra cum rete venularum prominulis subtus elevatis, venulis subtus indumento obscuratis vel paullo prominulis; inflorescentiis racemosis ut videtur 4—6-floris, pedunculo et rhachi sub fructu 8-15 mm. longis cum pedicellis pallide puberulis, pedicellis sub fructu gracilibus 10-17 mm. longis; fructibus glabratis oblongo-ellip- soideis, ut videtur maturitate 15-18 mm. longis et 8-12 mm. latis, incon- spicue angulatis, basi obtusis, apice basi styli coronatis et subacutis (stylo subpersistente subulato 9-11 mm. longo inferne copiose puberulo superne glabro); pericarpio in sicco 2-4 mm. crasso, mesocarpio fibroso, endocarpio osseo, pyrena 3-loculari, dissepimentis validis persistentibus. NorTHEASTERN NEw Guinea: Morobe District, vicinity of Bulung River, alt. 900— 1500 m., Clemens 5192 (TYPE), Jan. 28, 1937 (shrub or small tree, in open woods; fruit red when mature Like the eevee species described above, the new species is a member of the small-leaved group composed of A. Branderhorstii Schlechter and its allies. Aceratium Clemensiae differs from its relatives in its rounded and faintly cordate leaf-bases. The only other species of this alliance with such conspicuously serrulate leaf-margins are A. parvifolium Schlechter, A. sericeum, and A. gracile, but these all have obtuse leaf-bases and other differentiating characters of foliage and pubescence. The fruits of A. Clemensiae, apparently mature, are small for the genus and oblong-ellipsoid rather than ovoid or subconical, the more usual shape in Aceratium. Aceratium dasyphyllum sp. nov. Arbor ut videtur gracilis, ramulis gracillimis juvenilibus subcomplanatis aureo-sericeo-puberulis demum teretibus glabratis; foliis oppositis vel sub- oppositis, petiolis gracilibus subteretibus 3-5 mm. longis ut ramulis sub- sericeis, laminis chartaceis vel papyraceis in sicco tse ee oblongo- ellipticis, 6-10 cm. longis, 2.5-4 cm. latis, basi obtusis vel subacutis, apice cuspidatis vel in acuminem ad | n. longum calloso-apiculatum abrupte angustatis, margine subintegris ae don apicem versus obscurissime apicu- lato-crenulatis, supra glabris vel costa puberulis, subtus inconspicue pallido- sericeis, costa supra leviter subtus valde elevata, nervis lateralibus utrinse- cus 7 vel 8 subrectis adscendentibus cum rete venularum supra paullo subtus valde prominulis; inflorescentiis breviter racemosis paucifloris, pedunculo et rhachi gracilibus ad 5 mm. longis (vel longioribus?) pedicellisque hir- suto-puberulis glabratis, pedicellis gracillimis sub anthesi 10-15 mm. longis; sepalis 5 tenuiter carnosis anguste oblongo-lanceolatis, 14—18 mm. longis, 2.5-3 mm. latis, apice subacutis, utrinque inconspicue puberulis, intus cari- natis; petalis 5 submembranaceis anguste oblongo-cuneatis, 17-21 mm. longis, 5-9 mm. latis, me copiose irregulariter laciniatis (dentibus 12—16 angustis obtusis 1.5-3 mm. longis saepe crenulato-emarginatis), intus basim versus et margine aes eae ene disco pulvinato circiter 1 mm alto pilis pallidis circiter 0.3 n m. longis hispidulo; staminibus 15 quam gynaecio brevioribus, i eee filiformibus pallide setulosis vel glabratis, antheris oblongis 3— 4m m. longis ubique minute setulosis apice pilis 0.2—0.3 mm. longis stramineo- es dis; gynaecio sub anthesi 13-15 mm. longo, ovario dense pallido-sericeo 4-loculari, ovulis in quoque loculo 10-12, stylo subulato 10-12 mm. longo basim versus hispidulo-puberulo superne glabro apice obscure 4- fido. 118 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV Kar Istanps: Collector unknown (type), cultivated in Buitenzorg Botanical Garden as “Ins. Kai-Kamp. Ewoe.” The Arnold Arboretum specimen was obtained from the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, and bears the inscription “Regu le 1 février 1927.” This is probably the plant recorded as Elaeocarpus dasyphyllus Scheff. by Dakkus in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. III. Suppl. 1: 122. 1930, without description. The specimen here designated as the type bears this binomial on the label, but apparently Scheffer never published it. Aceratium dasyphyllum appears to be most closely related to A. Ver- steegii Schlechter, of southern Netherlands New Guinea, differing in its shorter-petiolate and smaller leaf-blades, which are subentire rather than “distincte crenato-dentata vel grosse dentata” at margins and apparently more persistently pilose beneath. Complete flowers of A. Versteegii have not been described, but the gynaecium is said to be about 17 mm. long. No other specimens of Aceratium have been recorded from the Kai Islands. Aceratium insulare sp. nov. apiculatis, margine inconspicue spinuloso-serrulatis (dentibus 3 vel 4 per centimetrum), supra costa puberula excepta glabris vel glabratis, subtus breviter et pallide sericeo-puberulis subglabrescentibus, costa supra paullo subtus valde elevata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10 erecto-patentibus supra planis vel insculptis subtus elevatis, rete venularum inconspicuo utrinque prominulo vel supra plano; inflorescentiis laxe racemosis 2—4-floris, pedunculo et rhachi gracilibus 4-13 mm. longis cum pedicellis sparse puberulis vel sub anthesi glabratis, bracteis minutis caducis, pedicellis gracillimis sub anthesi 1-2 cm. longis; sepalis 5 tenuiter carnosis oblongo- lanceolatis, 7-8 mm. longis, .5 mm. latis, apice subacutis, utrinque inconspicue puberulis, intus carinatis; petalis 5 submembranaceis anguste cuneatis, 9-11 mm. longis, 4-5 mm. latis, apice emarginatis (quoque lobo dentibus 2 vel 3 circiter 1 mm. longis irregulariter crenulato-lobulatis laciniato), intus basim versus et margine copiose puberulo-tomentellis; disco annulari-pulvinato circiter 0.5 mm. alto inconspicue pallido-setuloso ; staminibus 15 quam gynaecio brevioribus, filamentis filiformibus circiter 5 mm. longis glabris, antheris oblongis circiter 2 mm. longis ubique setulosis et apice pilis 0.4-0.7 mm. longis hispidis; gynaecio sub anthesi 7-9 mm. longo, ovario et styli basi copiose stramineo-setuloso-puberulis (pilis 0.1-0.15 mm. longis), loculis 3 vel 4, 8-ovulato, stylo 5—7 mm, longo sub- ulato basi crasso superne glabro apice obscure 3- vel 4-fido; pedicellis sub fructu plerumque solitario ad 3 cm. longis; fructibus elongato-ovoideis glabris, maturitate 3—4.5 cm. longis et 1.5—2.5 cm. latis, inconspicue angu- latis, basi rotundatis, apice subacutis et basi styli saepe apiculatis; peri- carpio (mesocarpio fibroso conspicue fisso et endocarpio lignoso inclusis) 5-6 mm. crasso, pyrena 3- vel 4-loculari, seminibus ut videtur solitariis. Sotomon Istanps: Bougainville: Marmaromino, Buin, alt. 50 m., Kajewski 2189 (TYPE), Sept. 28, 1930 (common tree up to igh, in rain-forest; petals cream-colored; native name: marangi kegitor [fruit of the devil]); Kugimaru, Buin, 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 119 alt. 150 m., Kajewski 1807 (common tree up to 20 m. high, in rain-forest; fruit red en ripe; native name: marangi kegitor) ; Malaita: Quoimonapu, sea-level, Kajewski 2326 (common spreading tree up to 8 m. high, in swampy places in rain- forest; fruit red when ripe; leaves said to have been used as a poultice for spear- and arrow-wounds); Guadalcanal: Uulolo, Tutuve Mt., alt. 1200 m., Kajewski 2616 (tree up to 20 m. high, common in rain-forest ; fruit red, insect-stung and deformed). Aceratium has not previously been reported from the Solomons, but its presence there has been indicated by the occurrence of A. Braithwaitet (F. v. Muell.) Schlechter! in the New Hebrides. The new species is more closely allied to A. Braithwaitei than to any of the New Guinean species, but it differs from the New Hebrides plant in its substantially smaller flowers. Aceratium Braithwaitei has the sepals about 12 mm. long, the petals 14-16 mm. long, the anthers about 3 mm. long, and the other parts proportionately large. The rachis and pedicels of the New Hebrides plant are stouter and more densely pilose than those of A. insulare. Although I have not seen mature fruits of A. Braithwaitei, Mueller’s original description indicates that they are very similar to those described above. Aceratium Archboldianum sp. nov. Arbor ad 10 m. alta (vel ultra?), ramulis hornotinis gracilibus brevibus subteretibus dense ferrugineo-tomentellis, vetustioribus glabratis cinereis; foliis oppositis vel suboppositis, petiolis validis subteretibus 2-8 mm. ongis ut ramulis tomentellis, laminis chartaceis oblongis, 7-14 cm. longis, 3—5.5 cm. latis, basi rotundatis, apice acutis vel cuspidatis et calloso-apiculatis, margine integris apicem versus haud undulatis, utrinque pallide sericeo- puberulis demum costa excepta glabratis, costa supra valde elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-9 arcuatis supra subplanis sub- tus elevatis, rete venularum intricato supra obscuro subtus leviter pro- minulo; inflorescentiis breviter racemosis ut videtur circiter 4-floris, pedunculo et rhachi gracilibus ad 25 mm. longis cum pedicellis pilis 0.2—0.4 mm. longis dense ferrugineo-hispidulo-tomentellis, pedicellis 18-25 mm. (sub fructu ad 30 mm.) longis superne gradatim incrassatis; sepalis 5 tenuiter carnosis oblongo-lanceolatis, 19-21 mm. longis, 4—4.5 mm. latis, apice subacutis, extus breviter tomentellis, intus puberulis et carinatis; petalis 5 submembranaceis anguste cuneato-oblongis, 21-24 mm. longis, 1Aceratium Braithwaitei (F. v. Muell.) Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 103. 1916. Aristotelia Braithwaitei F. v. Muell. in Southern Science Record 1(10): 149. 1881. Elaeocarpus Kajewskii Guillaumin in Jour. Arnold Arb. 12: 232. 1931; syn. nov. New Hesrives: Aneityum: Anelgauhat Bay, sea-level, Kajewski 710 (type coll. of Elaeocarpus Kajewskii); Eromanga: Dillon Bay, alt. 300 m., Kajew- The cited specimens agree with Mueller’s description in all respects except the larger leaves; the type was collected on Tanna. 120 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV ovulis in quoque loculo 8, stylo subulato 11-12 mm. longo basim versus hispidulo-puberulo superne glabro apice obscure 3-fido; fructibus ovoideo- ellipsoideis demum glabratis maturitate ad 4 cm. longis. et 2 cm. latis, haud angulatis, basi obtuse rotundatis, apice subacutis stylo plus minusve per- sistente coronatis; pericarpio ¢ ad 7 mm. crasso demum fisso, mesocarpio pe rvaee endocarpio duro tenui, pyrena uniloculari, semine ut videtur solitar i ovcuaes New Guinea: Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2300-2350 m., Brass 11066 (tree 10 m. high, in forest substage), Brass 11526 (TYPE), Nov. 1938 (common in forest substage; flowers yellow-green). Aceratium Archboldianum seems closely related only to A. Ledermannii Schlechter, from which it differs in its proportionately slightly narrower leaf-blades, its longer pedicels, sepals, and anthers, its less copiously laciniate petals, and its shorter gynaecium, of which the ovary is pale sericeous-hispidulous rather than densely rufo-tomentulose. Closely _re- ated to A. Archboldianum are two specimens from Northeastern New Guinea (Morobe District, Clemens 6436a, 41710) with very immature flowers and mature fruits. The fruits have consistently 3-locular pyrenes and flowers should be examined before the status of these two collections can be decided. In some characters they suggest A. obtusidens Schlechter, a species which differs from A. Archboldianum in its much smaller flowers and dentate leaf-blades. Aceratium pachypetalum Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 107. 1916. NETHERLANDS NEw Gurnea: Humboldt Bay, alt. about 50 m., Gjellerup 985 (TYPE COLL.), Feb. 1912 (tree 5 m. high, in woods) ; Hollandia, alt. 10 0 m., Brass 8977 (tree 4 m. high, in older secondary rain-forest; branches long, drooping). This is one of the species proposed by Schlechter with only a few inade- quate notes, but nevertheless I believe that his name should be accepted as valid. Since ample material is now available from essentially the type locality, a full description is herewith added. The type is in flower, while the Brass specimen bears both flowers and fruits. Although the leaf- blades of this species are not as broad as implied in Schlechter’s key, it is presum- ably properly placed as a relative of his A. pittosporoides and A. molle. The essentially globose fruit, as found in both A. pachypetalum and A pittos poroides, is not usual for the genus. parva, ramulis hornotinis gracilibus subteretibus densissime pallido-brunneo-tomentellis, pearl cinereis glabratis; foliis oppo- sitis, petiolis subteretibus 4- longis ut ramulis tomentellis, laminis chartaceis in sicco Giana eae ovato-ellipticis, (9—)11—16 cm. longis, ( latis, basi obtusis vel subrotundatis, apice cuspidato-acumi- natis ee ad 1 cm. longo), margine conspicue et remote mucronulato- dentatis, supra primo puberulis demum costa nervisque tomentellis exceptis glabris, subtus pallidioribus arcte cinereo-tomentello-puberulis, costa supra paullo elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5—7 dis tantibus leviter curvatis anastomosantibus supra prominulis subtus alae elevatis, rete venularum intricato copioso utrinque prominulo; inflorescentiis breviter racemosis 4—6-floris, pedunculo et rhachi validis 6-10 mm. longis cum pedicellis 10-15 mm. longis dense brunneo-hispidulo-tomentellis: 1944 | SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 121 sepalis 5 carnosis oblongo-lanceolatis, 11-13 mm, longis, 2.5-3.5 mm. latis, apice subacutis, extus ut pedicello tomentellis, intus puberulis et valde cari- natis; petalis 5 tenuiter carnosis vel submembranaceis oblongo- paeaeee. 14-16 mm. longis, 4-5 mm. latis, apice 4—6-lobatis (dentibus 1—-1.5 m longis saepe emarginatis, segmentis obtusis), intus basim versus et ean pallide hispidulo-puberulis; disco pulvinato circiter 1 mm. alto pilis circiter 0.2 mm. longis pallidis hispidulo-puberulo; staminibus ut videtur circiter 19 quam gynaecio brevioribus, filamentis filiforniibus 4-6 mm. longis glabris, antheris oblongis 33.5 mm. longis setulosis apice breviter stramineo-hispi- is; gynaecio sub anthesi 11-12 mm. longo, ovario subgloboso copiose pallido-hispidulo-tomentello - vel 4-loculari, ovulis 8 in quoque loculo, stylo subulato crasso 7-8 mm. longo basi hispidulo superne glabro; fructi- bus ellipsoideo-subglobosis puberulis demum glabratis, ad 17 & 15 mm., haud angulatis, basi et apice rotundatis, stylo subpersistente coronatis; pericarpio (mesocarpio fibroso et endocarpio duro osseo inclusis) 3-4 mm. crasso, pyrena plerumque 4- interdum forsan 3-loculari, dissepimentis validis persistentibus. (To be continued) 122 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV STUDIES IN THE SIMAROUBACEAE, I THE GENUS CASTELA ARTHUR CRONQUIST EXTENSIVE chemical studies now in progress in the laboratories of Merck & Co., at Rahway, New Jersey, have rendered desirable systematic reviews of several genera of the Simaroubaceae. In the course of this work I intend to revise the New World representatives of the family. A comprehensive delimitation of the genera will be presented in due time. The genus Castela was proposed by Turpin in 1806, with C. depressa, from the present Dominican Republic, as the type species. A second species, C. erecta, from Antigua, was described at the same time. Turpin wrote, and his figure clearly indicates, that C. depressa has a long slender style and a capitate slightly lobed stigma. He did not illustrate the flowers of C. erecta, but said that they ‘‘ne m’ont paru avoir aucune difference remarquable.” Castela erecta has been identified beyond doubt, and it has a short style column with divergent stigmas, as do all subsequently described species of the genus. Small’ seized upon the supposed difference in styles and segre- gated all the species except C. depressa as a new genus, Castelaria. He apparently had no material of C. depressa, but took its character from Turpin’s description. Material now available from the Dominican Republic has a short style column and long, recurved, almost circinately rolled stig- mas, but is otherwise rather similar to Turpin’s figure. No other species of Castela is known from the Dominican Republic, and C. erecta, which it most nearly resembles, approaches no nearer than St. Croix. The proba- bility is that Turpin’s description and figure are in error, and I am treating the recently collected plants from the Dominican Republic as C. depressa. At the time he segregated the genus Castelaria, Small replaced the name Castela Turp. with Neocastela Small, rejecting the former because of its similarity to Castelia Cav., 1801, which is generally regarded as a synonym of Priva. However, Castela Turp. has recently been conserved (Kew Bull. 1940: 108. 1940). Aside from the ditypic Holacantha, which appears to be a specialized offshoot of Castela, the latter seems most closely related to Picrasma (sens. lat., including Aeschrion), some species of which show a tendency toward reduction in size and number of leaflets, the leaflets resembling the leaves of Castela. The chief difference in flowers is that Castela has 8 stamens, whereas Picrasma has only 4. There are several obvious species-groups in the genus Castela. Castela erecta, C. galapageia, and C. tortuosa are closely related and only doubt- 1Small, J. K. Simaroubaceae. N. Am. Fl. 25: 227-239. 1911. 1944] CRONQUIST, THE GENUS CASTELA 123 fully distinct. Presumably they had a common ancestor in relatively recent time. Three Cuban and one Jamaican species form another closely knit group: C. spinosa, C. jacquinifolia, C. calcicola, and C. macrophylla. The characters on which these are separated are minor, and they too would seem to have had a recent common ancestor. A third group is formed by C. Tweedii and C. coccinea, of South America. Though obviously related, these two species are amply distinct. Of the three remaining species, C. peninsularis seems to be an offshoot of the C. macrophylla group, C. retusa forms a connecting link between the C. macrophylla and C. erecta groups, and C. depressa is evidently related to C. erecta. A tentative phylogenetic arrangement is given below. Picrasma The geographic distribution of the species of Castela suggests that for- merly continuous ranges have been broken up and are being progressively restricted. Even within the area of a single species, such as C. tortuosa, observations by collectors indicate that, while individuals are found in abundance in a given patch, it may be many miles between patches. Simi- larly, C. erecta is apparently found on relatively few of the West Indian islands, although more collecting will presumably increase the number of known stations. I wish to thank Dr. R. T. Major, Director of the Research Laboratory of Merck & Co., Inc., who made this study possible, Dr. H. A. Gleason and Mr. B. A. Krukoff, of the New York Botanical Garden, who have given helpful advice and criticism and aided in obtaining necessary material, and the curators of the following herbaria (designated hereinafter by the letters at the left), who have loaned specimens for study: A — Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, F — Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, G — Gray Herbarium, Harvard University, Mich — University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mo — Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, NY — New York Botanical Garden, US — United States National Herbarium, Washington, D. C., Y — Yale University School of Forestry, New Haven, Conn. Specimens cited as Kr. Herb. are mostly vouchers received by Mr. 124 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV Krukoff in connection with samples for chemical analysis. Most of the Gray Herbarium material was examined at Harvard, and only critical specimens are cite A fmt, KEY TO THE SPECIES Filaments very conspicuously thickened toward the base; plants of northern Argen- tina and adjacent area. 2. Flowers delicate, the petals mostly 3-3.5 mm. long, the anthers mostly 1.2—1.5 mm. long; leaves downy-pubescent with spreading hairs to essentially glabrous beneath, essentially glabrous above except for some fine hairs along the midrib; spines slender, mostly unbranched and not more than 2 cm. long. ..2. C. Tweedii. 3. Leaves essentially glabrous beneath. ............. 2a. C. Tweedii var. typica. 3. Leaves downy-pubescent beneath. ......... 2b. C, Tsmeedt var. macrophylla. 2. Flowers larger and coarser, the petals mostly 4.5—5 mm. long, the anthers mostly 2-2.5 mm. long; leaves with a fine and closely appressed yellowish and what glutinous- “appearing pubescence beneath (occasionally becoming subglabrate at maturity), glabrous above, or slightly pubescent - the lower surface; spines arse, commonly al often well over 2 cm. long. ......... coccinea. yn io) e- co . Filaments only slightly or moderately Geta eed the base; plants of the Galapagos Islands, Colombia, Venezuela, the West Indies, Mexico, and southern S. A. (Texas) 2. Leaves white-tomentose beneath, shining and glabrous or nearly so above; young twigs oe white- or gray-tomentose except in C. retusa, whee merely puberul Bis ae mostly well over 1 cm. long and more than half as wide, rounded to retuse and sometimes mucronulate at the apex; tomentum thin and sparse; young twigs pineee puberulent, but not tomentose; plant of Oaxaca, Mexico. stag ob aiaoe st Win ipipihle eee wate orbreteerk A*aa ie giatacaa ce Sao Ghee a aR 904 eae 8. C. retusa. Leaves when over 1 cm. long not more than half as wide, acute to obtuse or sometimes rounded at the apex, often mucronulate, but not retuse; tomentum Ww ose. 4. Trailing or ascending shrub of the Dominican Republic; style branches recurved, almost circinately rolled; leaves rounded to eg at the DaSEs oc cig tie atpubone «peak outie BEN ep aiee Waa peetae eae . C. depressa. Erect shrubs, not of the Dominican Republic; style ie stitily spread- ing; leaves acute to rounded at the base, but scarcely subcordate. 5. Network of veins on the lower surface of the leaves raised and con- spicuous to the naked eye; veins glabrous, or less densely pubescent than the areolae; plant of the Galapagos Islands. ....10. C. galapageia. 5. Network of veins on the lower surface of the leaves usually incon- spicuous when viewed with the naked eye; veins equally as pubescent l _ Leaves mostly over 1.5 cm. long; network of veins on the lower surface of the leaves readily evident when viewed with a lens; plant of northern Colombia and Venezuela and the West Indies. fa Iaua pagsahs gue Seaig a x SoG ale Soe wens aehi eae ea eis acs a, 8S 11. C. erecta. . Leaves mostly 1.5 cm. long or less; network of veins on the lower surface of the leaves usually relatively obscure even when viewed with a lens; plant of southern Texas, U. S. A., to Oaxaca, Mexico. vig, Sone mise S Siedcd-a'e A gine a Hsaee ate a4 4 Sel 44a 9 Oks 9. C. tortuosa. 2. Leaves glabrous or pubescent above and beneath, but not white-tomentose; t an 3. Leaves appearing dull, copiously pubescent with spreading hairs rea similarly but less densely pubescent above; twigs pubescent like the low surfaces of the leaves; plant of Baja Cation, Mexico. ..7. C. peninsular . Leaves shining, glabrous or hispidulous to puberulous on one or bot faces; twigs variously pubescent; plants of the West Indies. Ww 1944] CRONQUIST, THE GENUS CASTELA 125 4. Leaves glabrous, except sometimes for a few small on the midrib; petals glabrous, 3-4 mm. long; plant of Oriente, Cuba. 5. C. jacquinifolia. Leaves euaysely to leas nie hispidulous or tke at least beneath, also above except sometimes in C. macrophylla; plants of Jamaica and western Cuba. 5. Plant very thorny, the thorns long, stout, os ee ier his- pidulous, 4-4.5 mm. long; plant of western as i. _ C. spinosa. . Plant a slightly or acter thorny, the fens fies eee and short, or wanting. 6. Leaves rounded or retuse at the apex, sparsely to moderately his- pidulous on both sides; petals hispidulous, 3.5-4 mm. long; plant Oi western Cubavctck.. Sx wis.Se ose oule se ahaa erator 4. C. calcicola. _ Leaves acute at the apex, except on vigorous young shoots, sparsely to moderately hirtellous or hispidulous beneath, often giabrous above; petals asked hispidulous or glabrous, ‘ 53 mm, PIANC OF JAMAICA. oo cine dcaes eee beens anne ees Ge marephyila. > on an CATALOGUE AND COMMENTS 1. ili coccinea Griseb. Abh. Ges. Wiss. Goett. 19: 107. 1874. ntz & Hieronymus 514, “in fruticetis Sierra Cordoba occidentalibus,” ao Argentina (F-photo, NY-photo). pach is Known only from northern Argentina and ak Paraguay. NA: Lor & Hieronymus 40 (F, US), 570 (NY); Ju y: Evyerdam & oe ae (Mo) ; a ald a: Eyerdam & Beetle 22892 (Mo); ae 0497 (A, Mo, US); Tucuman: Venturi 1391 (A, US); Santiago del Estero: Venturi 9731 (A, Mo, US); Chaco: Jorgensen 1951 (Mo, US); Schulz s.n. (Kr. Herb. #16378A). Paracuay: Rojas 2450 (US) Collectors’ notes indicate that this species is a shrub up to about 3 meters high. e pubescence on the lower surface of the leaves is sometimes so fine as to escape notice except under very careful observation with a good lens. There is a noticeable though scarcely tangible difference in the texture of the leaves of this and C. Tweedii, and these two may likewise be separated from other species of the genus by intangibles of leaf character and venation, after a little experience with the group. 2. Castela Tweedii Planch. Lond. Jour. Bot. 5: 569. 1846. 2a. Castela Tweedii var. ty Castela Tweedii Planch. Tha 1 you cok 3: 569. ? Castela alaternifolia Planch. loc. cit. “Chili a loco proprio.” No members of the Sim saa lamage are known to occur in Chile, and the description suggests a broad-leaved form of C. Twe Castela Tweedii var. dentata nel. i Pfl. 34: 219. 1896. Type: Tweedie s.n., “Parana et Banda oriental,” Brazil. DistRIBUTION: Known from Uruguay to Paraguay and adjacent Brazil. eebne es Ball s.m., in 1882 (NY); Lorentz s.n., October 30, 1875 (F- eae R ntre Riss: Baez sm. (Kr. Herb. #16371); Corrie Beanland 1205 (NY), 1207 (NY). Paracuay: Hassler 11042 (A), 11063 (A). 2b. Castela Tweedii var. caeeeadilin Chod. & Hass. Bull. Herb. Boiss. I. 3: 800. Type: Hassler 736, “in dumetis Cordillera de Altos,” Paraguay (NY, isotype). DistriBuTION: Known only from Paraguay ARAGUA Fiebrig 7 (A, F, US); nae. 3025 (A), 11792 (A, F, Mo), 11792a A, Mo), 12801 (A, Mo). 126 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xxv This species is reported to reach tree size, but the type of var. macro- phylla was described as a shrub 3—4 meters high. The variety macrophylla was founded on the size of the leaves, which is of no taxonomic significance in this case, but the type happens to belong to the pubescent-leaved phase of the species, so that the inappropriate name must be preserved. 3. Castela macrophylla Urb. Symb. Ant. 5: 377. 1908. Castelaria macrophylla Small, N. Am. Fl. 25: 232. 1911. Type: Harris 9219, Great Goat Island, Jamaica (F, NY, isotypes). DistRIBUTION: Confined to Jamaica. ca: Britton 1295 (NY), 2825 (NY); Britton & Hollick 1843 (NY, US); abso 0347 (A, NY, US), 9348 (A, NY), 10047 (NY), 12471 (Mo, NY, US); Lorter n. (Kr. Herb. #16317). 4. — calcicola (Britton & Small) Ekman ex Urb. Repert. Sp. Nov. 20: 304. Castel calcicola Britton & Small, Bull. Torrey Club 44: 34. 1917. PE: Shafer 13434, limestone hills, vicinity of Sumidero, Pinar del Rio, Cuba poe isotype (Mo). DiIsTRIBUTION: Known only from Pinar del Rio, Cuba. Cuspa: Pinar del Rio: Britton & Cowell 9981 (NY); Shafer 13386 (NY, US). 5. Castela jacquinifolia (Small) Ekman ex Urb. Repert. Sp. Nov. 20: 304. 1924. Castelaria jacquinifolia Small, N. Am. Fl. 25: 232.1 Type: Britton 2198, Leeward Point, Guantanamo Bay, Oriente, Cuba (NY). DistRIBUTION: Known only from Oriente, Cuba. Cusa: Oriente: Clement 107 (NY), 155 (NY). 6. Castela spinosa sp. nov. Frutex spinosissimus, spinis longis ramosis, ramulis hirtellis; foliis nitidis utrinque hirtellis ex late lanceolatis oblongisve ellipticis vel subrotundis, obtusis vel acutis, perspicue reticulato-venosis, circa longis et m. latis; petalis coccineis hispidulis 4-4.5 mm. longis; antheris circa 2—2.5 mm. patos drupis coccineis circa 1 cm. longis. Shafer 11082, rocky sngees? - Martinas to the Coast, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, December 19, 1911 (NY); isotype (U DistriBUTION: Pinar del Rio and oii: Cuba. eae Prins a See Wright 2193 (Mo, NY, US); Habana: Leon 7219 (NY); nar del Acuna s.n. (Kr. Herb. #16467); Roig 3931 (NY). Std species was aa ‘eum by Percy Wilson, who assigned it the same epithet here used, in an unpublished combination under Castelaria. It is the C. erecta, in large part, of Small’s treatment in North American Flora, but it is not closely related to the original Castela erecta Turp. 7. Castela peninsularis Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 278. 1909. Castelaria peninsularis Small, N. Am. Fl. 25: 231. 1911 Tyre: Purpus 244, San José del Cabo, Baja California, Mexico. DistrisuTION: Baja California, Mexico, especially near the coast, from Magdalena Bay around the cape to Santa Catalina Island. ME Baja California: Brandegee s.n., October 29, 1893 (NY), January, 1889 (A); Collins, Kearney, & Kempton 124 ( US); Johnston 3918 (US), (A, Mo, NY), 3983 (US); Rose 16295 (NY, US), 16399 (NY, US), 16547 (US), 16850 (NY, US), 16865 (US), 16909 (US). 1944] CRONQUIST, THE GENUS CASTELA 127 8. Castela retusa Liebm. Vidensk. Meddel. 1853: 108. 1854. Type: Liebmann s.n., between Tehuantepec and Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico (F-photo). DistRIBUTION: Known only from Oaxaca, Mexico. Mexico: Oaxaca: Seler 1749 (G). This species connects the C. erecta group with the C. macrophylla group. The tomentum on the lower surface of the leaves is sparser and much less conspicuous than in C. erecta and its allies, and the leaves are otherwise suggestive of the C. macrophylla group. It is apparently rare, being known from only one collection besides the type. 9. Castela tortuosa Liebm. Vidensk. Meddel. 1853: 108. 1854. Castela Nicholsoni B texana Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. 1: 680. 1840. Castela texana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 278. 1909. . ctl. ? Castela salubris Boas, Beih. Bot. Centr. 291: 342. 1913. If the statement in the original description that the petals of C. salubris are only 1.5 mm. long applies to boiled flowers, the plant deserves some sort of segregation from typical C. a. Castela salubris var. Endlichiana Boas, Repert. Sp. Nov. 12: 224. 1913. Type: Liebmann 4252, Tehuacan de las granadas, Puebla, Mexico (US, isotype). DIsTRIBUTION: Oaxaca, Mexico, to southern Texas, U.S. A. Mexico: Gregg s.n., May, 1847 (NY); Oaxaca: Gonzalez 984 (US); Liebmann 4252 (but data not as the type) (F); Nelson 1885 (US); Puebla: Liebmann 15053 (F); Rose, Painter, & Rose 10007 (NY, US); San Luis Potosi: Salazar s.n., February 22, 1913 (US); Tamaulipas: Bartlett 10720 (A, F, US), 11015 (F, US), 11173 (F); LeSueur 236 (F); Nelson 6614 (US); Palmer 121 (Mo, US), 129 (US); Parry et al. 160 (NY, US); Sours s.n. (Kr. Herb. #16001); von Rozynski 743 F, NY); Wizlizenus 366 (Mo); Wooton s.n., June 21, 1919 (US); Nuevo Leon: Edwards 391 (F); Taylor 391 (Mo); Thurber 863 (NY); Wizlizenus 323 (Mo); uila: Kenoyer 28 (F); Parry & Palmer 107 (Mo, US); Chihuahua: Wizlizenus 254 (Mo). Unirep States: Texas: Ferris & Duncan 3061 (Mo, NY); Heller 1402 (Mo, NY, US); Howard s.n., 1892 (Mich, NY); Jermy s.n., in 1904 (Mo, S); Mackenzie 44 (Mo, NY); Palmer 152 (Mich, Mo); Palmer 12951 (A, Mo); Wright 85 (NY, US). Collections from Texas are so numerous that I have cited only a small proportion of them. The difference between C. tortuosa and C. erecta in prominence of the veins of the leaves is neither very great nor entirely constant, yet it is helpful after one has established some standards by comparison of speci- mens of each. 10. Castela galapageia Hook. f. Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 229. 1851. Castelaria galapageia Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 8. 1933. Type: Darwin s.n., Chatham Island, Galapagos Islands. DistriBuTION: Galapagos Islands. GaLapacos IsLANDS: Stewart 1750 (US), 1754 (US), 1759 (US), 1761 (US), Wheeler, Rose, & Beebe 43 (NY), 50 (NY, US). This species seems to have retained wide variability in leaf size, whereas C. tortuosa has become relatively small-leaved and C. erecta has become relatively large-leaved in most cases. Several forms have been described, 128 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV but intensive study by Stewart? has shown that these have no taxonomic l 11. Castela erecta Turp. Ann. Mus. Par. 7: 80. ¢. = 1806. Castela Nicholsoni Hook. Bot. Misc. 1: 271. 183 Castelaria Nicholsoni Small, N. Am. Fl. 25: 231. Te. Castelaria erecta Small (as to name), loc. cit. 232. Type: Richard s.n., Antigua, West Indies. DistriBuTION: Known from northern Colombia and Venezuela, and Margarita, Cubagua, Antigua, and St. Croix Islands; to be expected on some of the other islands of the West Indies pigs Dawe 517 (US). VENEZUELA: Curran & Haman 429 pee Sucre: Curran & Haman 1249 (A, NY, US); Lara: Saer 23 (US); Zulia: Pittier pie (NY, US); Nueva Esparta: Cubagua: Cooper se (NY, US, Y); Margarita: Johnston 118 (NY, ni Miller & eee 236 (F, Mo, NY, US). St. Croix: Britton, Britton, & Kemp 55 (NY, US); Haunien sn. (NY); Ricksecker 377 (Mo, NY, US); Rose, Fitch, & Poe 3529 (NY, US); Thompson 176 (NY). Anticua: Box 738 (US); Nicholson s.n., September 26, 1850 (NY); Warneford s.n. (Kr. Herb. # 16434). Some specimens from Venezuela have the leaves no longer than is usual for C. tortuosa, though they are generally somewhat broader. C. erecta, C. galapageia, and C. tortuosa are very closely related, and accumulation of more material may force their combination into one species. Until then, in view of their geographic segregation, I think it best to continue the traditional treatment of regarding them as distinct, although I realize that the lines between them are very tenuous. 12. Castela depressa Turp. Ann. Mus. Par. 7: 79. t. 5A. 1806. Neocastela depressa Small, N. Am. Fl. 25: 230. 1911. Type: Turpin s.n., “Tle de Saint-Domingue, entre Mont-Christ et Saint-Yague,” Dominican Republic DISTRIBUTION : en only from the Dominican Republic. Dominican Repusiic: Jimenez 6018 (Herb. Jimenez); Jimenez s.n. (Kr. Herb. # 16134). DousBtFuL or ExcLupDED SPECIES a lychnophoroides Liebm. Vidensk. Meddel. 111. 1854. Described with- flowers or fruit, and probably ne a Caste ae Brittonit Small, N. Am. Fl. 25: 232. ne = Henoonia Brittonii (Small) Monachino. Castela Brittonii (Small) Engl. Nat. Pfl. If. 19a: 385.1931 — praec. New York Boranicat GARDEN, New York. “Stewart, A. Am. Jour. Bot. 2: 279-288. 1915. 1944] REHDER, SCHISANDRA MICHAUX 129 SCHISANDRA MICHAUX, NOMEN GENERICUM CONSERVANDUM ALFRED REHDER THE validity of the name Schisandra Michaux seems never to have been questioned. Neither de Candolle, in 1817 and 1824, nor Bentham and Hooker, in 1862, cite Stel/andria Brickell of 1803 as a synonym. Brickell’s name was published the same year as Schisandra Michaux, but evidently several weeks earlier than Michaux’s name. Brickell’s paper containing the generic and specific description of Stellandria and its only species, S. glabra, was published in number 3 of vol. 6 of the Medical Repository of New York. This volume was the last of the first hexade; of this hexade each volume starts in the middle of the year and was published in quarterly numbers, the third number appearing at the beginning of the following year. The numbers probably had covers which may have borne the exact date of publication, but none of the libraries I consulted had a copy with the covers preserved. Fortunately each number has several dated communications which allow a conclusion as to the approximate date of issue. Of number 3 (pp. 237-352) in volume 6, the latest dated communication is of February 22, appearing on p. 342 near the end of the number,! which shows that the number was published either at the very end of February or early in March. The latest date in number 4 is March 31 (p. 442), which indicates that the number came out sometime in April. The numbers being issued quarterly, number 3 should have appeared about three months before number 4, which appar- ently is not the case here, but it strengthens the assumption that number 3 must have appeared early in March. Michaux’s Flora Boreali-Americana apparently did not appear before March, 1803. The earliest notice of this work appeared in the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung in the number of March 19 of its Intelligenzblatt, where Michaux’s Flora Boreali-Americana is enumerated as being for sale in Paris and Strasburg: “bei den Gebriidern Levrault, Buchhandlern in Paris und Strasburg, sind folgende Biicher in Menge zu haben. . . Flora Boreali- Americana... par Michaux...” (See Bernice G. Schubert in Rhodora 44: 149.1942). There is also a later note on the publication of Michaux’s Flora Boreali-Americana in Journal Géneral de la Litterature de la France 6 (no. 5): 133 (an XI, Floréal [= April-May, 1803]). The dates of Michaux’s Flora and Brickell’s article are certainly very close, but there is no reason to assume that Michaux’s work came out earlier than number 3 of volume 6 of the Medical Repository. 1In this communication the establishment of the American Board of Agriculture is announced with a list of the members of the Board. The Constitution of the Board is reprinted in the following number of the Medical Repository on pp. 465-469. 130 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV Though Schisandra is not a large genus, containing about 15 species in eastern and southern Asia and one in North America, and is of neither economic nor horticultural importance, it is the type of a distinct group of the Ranales including the genus Kadsura Juss., with its name derived from Schisandra, the type of the group. By most authors this group is considered a tribe or subfamily of Magnoliaceae, called by Gray (in Gen. Pl. U.S. 1: 54. 1849) tribe Schizandreae, and by Harms (in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 15: 358. 1897) subfam. Schizandroideae. By some older authors the group has been placed under the Menispermaceae, as by de Candolle (Prodr. 1: 104. 1824) designated as Menispermeae trib. Schizandreae, and by Spach (Hist. Nat. Vég. Phan. 8: 6. 1839) as Menispermaceae trib. Schizandreae. Other authors consider it a distinct family, as Guillemin (in Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 15: 239. 1829) under the name Schizandreae, G. Don (Gen. Hist. Dichlam. PI. 1: 101. 1831) as Schizandriaceae, Blume & Fischer, Fl. Java 3: 1. 1836) as Schizandraceae. Michaux’s original spelling, Schisandra, was used by all authors up to 1818, as by Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 372 (1805), Poiret, Encyc. Méth. Bot. 6: 729 (1805), Sims in Bot. Mag. 34: ¢. 1413 (1811), Aiton f., Hort. Kew., ed. 2, 5: 268 (1811), Pursh, Fl. Bor.-Am. 1: 212 (1814), Nuttall, Gen. N. Am. Pl. 2: 209 (1818), except Desfontaines, Hist. Arb. Arbriss. 2: 25 (1809), who spells the name Schizandra. After the publication, however, in 1817 of the first volume of de Candolle’s Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale, in which he used the spelling Schizandra without explanation of its derivation, most authors, except some more recent authors, one of the earliest being Schneider (Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 340. 1905), accepted his spelling, considering it apparently a correction, since almost all generic names of similar deriva- tion begin with Schiz ... , the first part of the compound name being derived from oyfew, to split. Also, in works like Wittstein, Ethymodogisch- Botanisches Handworterbuch, p. 792 (1852), and Backer, Verklarend Woordenboek, p. 517 (1936), the name is said to be derived from oxifew and avyp and this derivation is found in all books in which the derivations of the botanical names are given, though Michaux states explicitly that Schisandra is derived from “‘Syisis, Avynp: fissurae antheris interjectae”’; oxisis OF More correctly written oxéo1s, division, splitting, and dvjo, man. Therefore the spelling Schisandra is correct according to its derivation, and, being the original spelling, it should be maintained. Chiefly for the reason that Schisandra is the type of a distinct group of the Ranales with its name or names based on this genus, and because Stellandria has never been used by any subsequent author and seems not to have been listed even as a synonym until cited in 1895 by Jackson, Ind. Kew. 2: 826, under Schizandra, the name Schisandra is here proposed for conservation. 1944] REHDER, SCHISANDRA MICHAUX ccicnaals Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: 218, t. 47 (March, 1803) vers a een in Med. Repos. New York 6 (no. 3): 327 (end of Feb. or early in March, Ne marae Freshness Hist. Arb. ae i“ 25 (1809).— De Candolle, Reg. Veg. : 544 [1817]; ain 1: 104 (18 Splacrastema Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Nederl. Ind. o (1825). —G. Don, Gen. Hist. Dichlam. 1: 101 (1831) ee aati a ars Hort. ex Lemaire in II]. Hortic. 2 (Misc.): 71, fig. (1855). salable ce Ruprecht in Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. 15: 142, ¢. 2 (in Mél. Biol. 2: 439, t. 2. 1857) (1856) “Maximowitschia” sub tab. ee coccinea Michx. = S. glabra (Brickell) Rehder. Schisandra glabra (Brickell) comb. n Stellandria glabra pe in Med. Repos. New York 6 (no. 3): 327 (end of Feb. or early in March, 180 Schisandra coccinea ae aux, Fl. Bor.-Am. 2: . 47 (March, 1803).— Desfon- taines, Hist. Arb. Reich: 2: 25 (1809), bir ad tt ”__ De Candolle, Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 544 [1817], “Schizandra.” TyPus: ARNOLD ARBORETUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM VoL. XXV APRIL, 1944 NuMBER 2 PLANTS OF COAHUILA, EASTERN CHIHUAHUA, AND ADJOINING ZACATECAS AND DURANGO, V! IvAN M. JOHNSTON LORANTHACEAE Phoradendron lanceolatum Engelm. Mem. Am. Acad. 4: 54 (1849). Coanuma: Sierra Gloria, Marsh 1872; Hillcoat Canyon, west of Buena Vista Ranc July 13, 1938, Marsh 1332; Sierra Madera, Cafion Pajarito, on white oaks, Muller oF Known only from astern Coahuila and northern Nuevo Leon. The type was collected on Quercus by Gregg (no. 255), Feb. 11, 1847, at Rinconada, just east of the Coahuila-Nuevo Leon boundary along the road between Saltillo and Monterrey. The species is readily recognized by its very elongate glabrous leaves 5—9 cm. long. Phoradendron tomentosum (DC.) Engelm. in Gray, Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 6: Viscum tomentosum DC. Prodr. 4: 670 30). Phoradendron resin Trel. Monog. ey 36. t. 32 (1916). VERNACULAR NAME: Injerto. Coanuma: Rancho Falcon, 12 mi. west of Berrendo, Wynd 732; Sierra Madera, & Mueller 133; Cafion de Jara, on Acacia, Johnston 8838; 60 mi. west cf Cuatro Cienegas, on Prosopis, White 1957; 5 mi. west of Americanos, on Prosopis, Muller 3292; east of San Antonio de los Alamos, on Prosopis, Johnston 8278; near Santa Elena, Sierra Cruces, on Forestiera, Johnston & Muller 229; 6 mi. northwest of El Oro, road to Sierra Mojada, White 1976; 30 mi. south of Sierra Mojada, Wynd 770. ZACATECAS: Cedros, Lloyd & Kirkwood 15. This is the common Phoradendron, usually found on Prosopis and Acacia, in the broad valleys and in the lower canyons on the plateau of northern Mexico, ranging from northern San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas north into trans-Pecos Texas. The type was collected in Dec. 1827 “supra Mimoseas”’ by Berlandier (no. 1364) near Catorce in northern San Luis Potosi. Phoradendron Greggii, based upon collections from Prosopis and other 1The third paper in this series, in which the treatment of the monocotyledons was completed, appeared in Jour. Arnold Arb. 25: 43-83 (Jan. 1944). The fourth part, covering the families Saururaceae to Urticaceae, will appear later this year. 134 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV legumes at Rinconada, just east of the Coahuila boundary on the road between Saltillo and Monterrey, appears to be a synonym In our area the species seems readily recognizable by its thickish orbicu- lar-ovate to ovate-oblong leaves and the grayish velvety indument on the spikes and younger leaves and branches. In trans-Pecos Texas it is diffi- cult, if not impossible, to separate it from plants collected on Juglans, Celtis, Quercus, and Prosopis, which appear to be pubescent phases of P. Engelmanni, Most of the typical P. tomentosum from Texas comes from the Big Bend area, and grows on Prosopis and Acacia. Trelease, Monog. Phorad. 36, reports material of P. Greggii from Jimulco (Pringle 845) and Pena (Purpus 1106). The collection from Gomez Farias (Palmer 291) which he refers to P. thyrsoideum probably also belongs to P. tomentosum as here accepted. Phoradendron Engelmanni Trel. Monog. Phorad. 35 (1916). Coanutta: Rancho Babia, Marsh 1216; along arroyo southwest of Sierra Azul, Rancho Buena Vista, July 8, 1938, Marsh 1262, 1263. The above collections have the green, inconspicuously pubescent stems and thin leaves of typical P. Engelmanni, a plant growing on Ulmus, Prosopis, and Quercus about the eastern and southern escarpments of the Edwards Plateau in Texas. Phoradendron macrophyllum (Engelm.) Cockerell, Am. Nat. oe = (1900). Phoradendron Cockerellit Trel. Monog. Phorad. 38. t. 36 (19 Under the name P. Cockerellii, Trelease, 1. c., eee a ee of the species from Juarez, Chihuahua. A completely glabrous form of the species occurs on Populus, Salix, and Fraxinus along the Rio Grande in southern New Mexico and along the southern boundary of Texas as far down the river as Presidio. The large broad bright green usually completely glabrous leaves, glabrous spikes, and its favoritism for trees growing in river-bottoms usually permit its recognition. It grows from trans-Pecos Texas to Arizona and in adjoining Mexico. Phoradendron Coryae Trel. Monog. Phorad. 43. t. 44 (1916 Phoradendron Wilkinsoni Trel. Monog. Phorad. 44. t. 45 aie. VERNACULAR NAME: Injerto. CoaunurLa: Sierra Gloria, Marsh 1896; Hillcoat Canyon, west of Buena Vista Ranch, July 13, 1938, Marsh 1334; Hillcoat Mesa lying west of Encantada Ranch, July 25, 1938, Marsh 1469; Sierra Madera, Cafion Pajarito, on white oaks, Muller 3173A & B. CHIHUAHUA: Sierra Organos, LeSueur 1307. A well marked species, readily recognizable by its dense close persistent indument of very numerous minute stellate hairs which form a crustose covering on its branches and thick leaves. It ranges from trans-Pecos to Arizona and northern Mexico, almost exclusively on oaks. The type of P. Wilkonsoni was collected in the Sierra Santa Eulalia, April 3, 1885, by Wilkinson. Phoradendron flavum Johnston, tigi Arnold Arb. 24: 93 (1943). CoanulILa: Sierras Negras, 9 km. south of Parras, on nbn Stanford et al. 210; hills 11 km. northeast of Jimulco, on Gartan Stanford et al. 71. This species is otherwise known only from the a which was collected 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, V 135 on oaks near Durango City by Palmer (no. 777). A plant with a tawny indument and thick dark green leaves. Phoradendron pauciflorum Torr. Pac. R. R. Rep. 4: 134 (1857). Phoradendron saltillense Trel. Monow: Phorad. 27. t. 16 (1916). CoAHUILA: ae del Carmen, ete Sentenela, Wynd & Mueller 625; Sierra del P. saltillense) ; Sierra Negras, 9 km. h of Parras, on Juniperus, Stanford et al. 149. I am unable to distinguish aS ee of eastern Coahuila from P. pauct- florum, a species of western North America ranging from Oregon to Baja California and Arizona. The species is not known from Texas, New Mexico, or Chihuahua. In our area it parasitizes Juniperus and Cupressus. These same genera, and also Abies, are the hosts of the plant in the western United States. Phoradendron Bolleanum (Seem.) Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 57: 134 (1868). CHIHUAHUA: Sierra Santa Eulalia, on Juniperus, April 1885, Pringle 256. A species of the Sierra Madre Occidental, ranging from Durango north into Arizona and western Texas. The species has been repeatedly collected on Juniperus and Arbutus Arceuthobium vaginatum (H.B.K.) Eichl. in Mart. FI. Bras. 52: 105 (1868). Coanvuira: Sierra del Pino, on Pinus arizonica, Johnston & Muller 591; General Cepeda, Nelson 6730. A Mexican species extending north into the United States to Arizona, Colorado, and trans-Pecos Texas. In northern Mexico and the United States it is usually confined to yellow pines. SANTALACEAE Comandra pallida A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 14: 636 (1857). Coanvuita: Sierra del Carmen, Cafion Sentenela, Wynd & Mueller 543; Sierra del Carmen, Aug. 26, 1936, Marsh 599. CutHuAHUA: Road between Samalayuca and El Paso, April 17, 1852, Wright 1784. A parasitic herb widely distributed in the United States reaching its southern limit in our area. RAFFLESIACEAE Pilostyles Thurberi Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. II. 5: 326 (1854). Apodanthes Pringlei Wats. ex Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 16: 83 (1891). peu lene Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 264 (1909). ariposa, east slope of Sierra de Puerto Santa Anna, on Dalea, W ynd s aie oe ie Fragua, high western ridge north of Puerto Colorado, on Dalea, Johnston The collection aoe the Sierra Fragua is a female plant and is very simi- lar to the type of P. Thurberi from Dalea in southwestern Arizona. The material from Hacienda Mariposa is a male plant. Its flowers are more elongate and lighter than are the female flowers. It seems probable that only a single species of this remarkable stem-parasite infects shrubs of the genus Dalea and that in all probability P. Covillei Rose (from Texas), 136 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV P. glomerata Rose (Puebla), P. Palmeri Rose (San Luis Potosi), and P. sessilis Rose (Hidalgo) are all phases of P. Thurberi. These species are known only from shrubby species of Dalea. A well-marked species, P. globosa (Wats.) Solms-Laub., a parasite on Bauhinia, is known from Monterrey. It should be looked for in Coahuila. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Aristolochia longiflora Engelm. & Gray, Jour. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5: 259 (1845). Coanuira: Muzquiz, 1935, Marsh 11. A plant of south-central and southern Texas, reaching its southern limit in eastern Coahuila Aristolochia Marshii Standl. Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 17: 238 (1937). CoanuILa: Muzquiz, April 1938, Marsh 1143. The type of this species was collected near Muzquiz, by Marsh (no. 10) in the spring of 1935. It is known only from near Muzquiz and in the vicinity of Monterrey. The stems are elongate, slender, and apparently twining. Aristolochia lassa Johnston, Jour. Arnold Arb. 21: 255 (1940). HUILA: Saltillo, common on bottom- a 1898, Palmer 187 (TYPE); Saltillo, 1909, Nil 10 (US); Carneros area, 1880, Palmer 1183. A well-marked species known only nei the collections cited above. This species is probably most closely related to the Texan A. Coryi, from which it differs in its abruptly bent rather than nearly straight perianth-tube, its lance-ovate rather than elliptic limb, and the somewhat retrorsely ascending or appressed hairs on the stem. Aristolochia Coryi Johnston, Jour. Arnold Arb. 21: 256 (1940). This species ranges from west-central Texas (Mitchell, Tom Green, Edwards, and Kinney Counties) west to Brewster County, Texas, where it has been collected at various stations in and around the Chisos Mts. In 1928 E. J. Palmer (no. 34225) collected it in clefts of rocky cliffs in the Grand Canyon of the Rio Grande near Castellan. At this station, now usually known as Santa Helena Canyon, A. Coryi makes its closest known approach to the range of A. Wrighti, for that more western and southern species has been collected on Mesa de Anguila, the mass of limestone through which the Rio Grande has cut Santa Helena Canyon. oo Wrightii Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 331. t. 72 (1856). tolochia Wrightii var. texana Johnston, Jour. Arnold Arb. 21: 254 (1940). aa. NAMES: Yerba del Indio; Pimpinela. CoanvuiLa: Sierra Hechiceros, Canon Indio Felipe, Stewart 150; Sierra Moreno, southeast ‘of Castillon, Johnston & Muller 1262; vicinity of Santa Elena, east base of Blanca, Johnston & Muller 292, Stewart 325, 574, 633; near San José, southeast base of Sierra Cruces, Johnston & Muller 1001; Sierra Planchada, Cafion Gringo, Stewart 1045; Sierra Mojada, April 19, 1892, Jones 52 (US); San Antonio de los Alamos, Johnston & Muller 902; Puerto San Lazaro, Muller 3044; Rancho Las Uvas, east side of Valle Acatita, Stewart 2689; Torreon, Feb. 1905, Purpus 1057; 6 mi. west of Viesca, Johnston 7746. Cuimuanua: Rancho San José del Progreso, south end of Sierra Seca, Stewart 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, V 137 2329; Rancho El Pino, southeast of Sierra Rica, Stewart 2385; 8 miles northwest of Cruces, Johnston 7986 (type of var. texana) ; 3 mi. south of Piramide, Johnston 8114; 714 miles south of Piramide, Johnston 8099; 2 miles east of El Coyote, Johnston & Muller 1407; Sierra Encinillas, near Fierro, Stewart 800; rocky hills near Chihuahua, April 1885, Pringle 9; west base of Sierra Santa Eulalia, Stewart & Johnston 2107; northwest of Chihuahua, Aug. 1, 1936, LeSueur 601; Rosatilla Dam east of Meoqui, LeSueur ee ia Oct. 4, 1936, Collins & Kempton (US). Duranco: Mapimi, 1898, Palmer Iam eee A. Wrightii Seem. as typified by the plant illustrated by Seemann, that is, apparently Seemann 2175 from near Durango. This form of the species is exemplified by Palmer 314 and 328 from central Durango, a fact I previously did not fully recognize, since I failed to realize that Seemann’s illustration of his plant is several times natural size. The typical form of A. Wrightii from central Durango strongly suggests A. brevipes Benth., from Aguascalientes, but differs from true A. brevipes, which has uniformly cordate leaves, and from the plants of San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, and central Mexico with lobed leaves, which possibly are forms of it, 1 having more elongate flowers and in having the ovary at anthesis not covered with abundant soft slender more or less reflexed hairs but with less quickly evanescent rather rigid spreading ones. The stems of A. Wrightu have usually rather rigid spreading hairs; the stems of A. brevipes and immediately related forms have the hairs more or less retrorsely ascending or appressed. The range of A. Wrightii is to the north and west of the area occupied by A. brevipes. I have seen typical A. Wrightii only from central Durango. The material of A. Wrightii from our area and adjoining United States differs from the typical Durango plant in being distinctly more robust, having larger flow- ers, and, most conspicuously, having an evidently tawny usually somewhat velvety indument of hairs that are longer, more slender, and more abundant. In 1940, on the basis of inadequate material, I attempted to distinguish the material of northern Chihuahua and Texas as var. texana. Subsequent collecting has shown that the extreme northern plants are indistinguishable from those found elsewhere in the area of the present report. The name A. Wrightii var. texana, accordingly, can be amplified and redefined and used for all forms of A. Wrightii found in our area, thus permitting them to be distinguished from the typical form of A. Wrightii found in central Durango Plants representative of the amplified var. texana are known from north- eastern Durango, eastern Chihuahua, and western Coahuila. Similar plants are known in eastern Coahuila only at Puerto San Lazaro and in the Sierra Gavia, about 75 km. south of Monclova. In Texas the plant is known from Mesa Anguila and the Chinati, Vieja, Wyile, Eagle, and Davis Moun- tains. It has been recently collected in the Florida Mts., in Luna County, New Mexico (Ripley & Barneby 2486). In our area it is commonly found about the base of cliffs or in sheltered places at the base of rocky slopes. Occasionally, however, it occurs in silty soils in the shelter of bushes on flats subject to flooding after storms. In these latter conditions 138 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV it becomes relatively luxuriant and develops leaves over 8 cm. wide. The plant is highly esteemed as a medicinal herb, and in the areas where I have seen it, it is well-known under the name ‘‘Yerba del Indio.” I have seen it for sale in the market at Chihuahua and have been told that it is also for sale at Torreon. POLYGONACEAE Eriogonum atrorubens Engelm. in Wislizenus, Mem. Tour. No. Mex. 108 (1848). CoanuILa: Carneros Pass area, July 1880, Palmer 1175. Ranging in the mountains, pine and juniper belts, of Nuevo Leon and adjacent Coahuila, and in northern Durango and western Chihuahua north to extreme southwestern New Mexico. The type was collected near Cusihuiriachic, Chihuahua This and the following three species have dark-colored, purple or maroon flowers. The remaining species have pale yellow to whitish corollas fre- quently more or less stained with red or purple. Eriogonum hemipterum Torr. ex Stokes, Gen. Eriogonum 21 (1936). Eriogonum hieracifolium var. hemipterum Torr. & Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 154 1 be hieracifolium {. atropurpureum pene Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 11: 149 (1936) ; Mueller, Trans. Texas Acad. 20: 16 (19 Coanutita: Sierra del Carmen, Aug. 14, 1936, pee 660. Known only from the Chisos Mts., Texas, and, to the southeast, in adjoining Coahuila, in the northern Sierra del Carmen. The type was collected by Parry on “Hillsides, along the canons of the Rio Grande, above the mouth of the Pecos,” probably near Boquillas Canyon. Eriogonum hemipterum Torr. var. griseum var. nov. A varietate typica differt foliis subtus dense et abundanter tomentosis. CoauuILa: Central parts of the Sierra del Pino, near the old log-slide, dry margins Sierra de los Pinos, Dec. 1937, LeSueur 1533, rg Valley on high northwest end of Sierra Diablo, grassy meadow, not common, erect, fl. dark red, 1941, Stewart 968. This plant, known only from the cited eer) differs from typical E. hemipterum only in the very abundant grayish felt-like indument on the lower surfaces of its leaves and in the slightly more copious indument of more slender hairs on other parts of the plant. Eriogonum rupestre Stokes, Gen. Eriogonum 21 (1936). VERNACULAR NAME: Yerba colorado. CHIHUAHUA: Sierra Encinillas, 8 km. east of Fierro, rocky hillside, not common, fl. red, Stewart 760. The and only other known collection of this species was obtained by Pringle ae 285) on Sept. 28, 1885, in the hills northeast of Chihuahua. I have not seen authentic material, but Mr. Stewart’s plant agrees well with the original description. The species is related to E. atrorubens, from which it differs only in its hairy perianth. It may be only a variety of that species ranging on the volcanic hills of eastern Chihuahua. 1944 | JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, V 139 Eriogonum ciliatum Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 175 (1859). a Vista, fl. dark seed May 19, 1849, Gregg 83; mountains 6 mi. east of Saltillo, July. 1880, Palmer 2088; San Lorenzo Canyon, southeast of Saltillo, fl. brownish oe Johnston 7287; 4 km. east of Fraile, mountain-side, fl. purple, Stanford et a Ranging ps southeastern Coahuila and northern Nuevo Leon south to northern San Luis Potosi and southern Tamaulipas. The original material of the species was collected on ‘“‘sandy soil near Buena Vista” by Edwards and “near Monterey” by Gregg. Eriogonum Greggii Torr. & Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 187 (1870). Eriogonum ciliqtum var. foliosum Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 175 (1859). CoAHUI Rancho Santa Teresa, south of Castanos, Wynd & Mueller 181; Puerto San Lazaro, open grassy slopes, Muller 3073, Saltillo, stony hillside, May 1898, Palmer 166; Carneros Pass area, March 1880, Palmer 1176; high plain near San Juan de Ja Vaqueria, fl. purplish, May 20, 1847, Gregg 719 (TYPE); Sierra Pata Galana, March 1905, Purpus 1151. Known elsewhere about Monterrey and near the Rio Grande in extreme southern Texas. Eriogonum Abertianum Torr. in Emory, on a Recon. 151 (1848). Eriogonum pinetorum Greene, Muhl. 6: 0). Eriogonum Abertianum var. neomexicanum ca Compt. Rend. Soc. Bot. Belg. 42: 196 Eriogonum Diesen var. ruberrimum Gand. 1. c. CurHuaHua: Near Lake Santa Maria, 1899, Nelson 6395. This is a species ranging in northwestern Chihuahua (Casa Grandes, Col. Juarez, and Carretas), Sonora, Arizona, and western New Mexico. It is a slender erect plant, usually simple below but with forking cymose- paniculate branches above the middle. Its range approaches that of the more eastern and southern E. cyclosepalum, a species confused with it, only in northwestern Chihuahua and in the Rio Grande Valley near E] Paso. Eriogonum Abertianum var. villosum Fosb. Madronfo 4: 191 (1938). This plant has been collected near El Paso, Texas (Jones, Thurber). Doubtless it occurs in adjacent Chihuahua. The collection distributed by Gray as Wright 1762 is a mixture of typical E. cyclosepalum and E. Abertianum var. villosum and is composed of material collected by Charles Wright on March 21, 1852, in the Rio Grande Valley south of the Quitman Mts., and on April 19, 1852, on the “foothills towards Lake Santa Maria.” Of this mixture I suspect that the latter Chihuahuan material is that rep- resenting E. Abertianum var. villosum. I am unable to determine whether var. villosum is merely a vernal phase of E. Abertianum or perhaps even a distinct species. It has roughly the same distribution as E. Abertianum, but it appears to be a much coarser, more hairy, and more spreading plant with coarser more-flowered involucres and more elongate peduncles. It rarely shows the forking open branching of true E. Abertianum, and its leaves are thicker and never so strongly reduced up the stem. Var. villosum strongly suggests the vernal forms 140 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV of E. cyclosepalum but is quickly distinguished by its very elongate peduncles, smaller paler flowers, and short involucre-lobes. Eriogonum cyclosepalum Greene, Muhl. 6: 1 (1910). Eriogonum lappulaceum Greene, Muhl. 6: 2 (1910). Eriogonum Abertianum subsp. lappulaceum Stokes, Gen. Eriogonum 37 (1936). (193 Eriogonum Abertianum var. bracteatum Fosb. Madrono 4: 192 (1938). CoaHuILA: Between Santo Domingo and Piedra Blanca, Wynd & Mueller 495; Picachos Colorados, Johnston & Muller 126; south base of Sierra Hechiceros, near E Tule, Stewart 538; Castillon, Stewart 386; near Santa Elena, Stewart 309; Cafion Tinaja Blanca, Sierra Cruces, Stewart 580, 2258; near Norias, 24 mi. north of Esmeralda, road to Chihuahua, eins of Carrizal, Aug. 21, 1846, eariahrr 127; near Chihuahua, 1908, Palmer 25; plain near _— mill, Chihuahua, Aug. 4, 1885, Pringle 681; 11 mi. northeast of Cantares. prvi n 7891; 3 mi. west af se Johnston 7859. Frequent in valleys and ‘foothills, in silty or sandy soils. Growing among grass, under bushes, or in bare open places. The plant ranges from trans- Pecos Texas south through Coahuila and eastern Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi. In the past it has been confused with the more northerly and western E. Abertianum, but it may be readily distinguished by its more compact lower growth-habit, its strict usually rather numerous stems bear- ing racemosely disposed involucres, its elongate involucre-lobes, and its slightly larger yellow or yellowish more or less conspicuously red: tinged perianth-lobes In his recent (study of this group Fosberg treated our plants as varieties of E. Abertianum, referring the vernal forms to var. cyclosepalum and the summer phases to var. bracteatum. I do not believe such seasonal forms merit nomenclatorial recognition. Fosberg’s E. Abertianum var. Gilles piet is a plant of Maricopa and Pinal Counties, Arizona, which appears to be an outlying isolated population related much more closely to E. cyclosepalum than to FE. Abertianum and which I believe should be called E. cyclo- sepalum var. Gillespiei (Fosb.) comb. nov. Eriogonum annuum Nutt. Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 5: 164 ale CHIHUAHUA: Dunes south of Salamayuca, Sept. 1886, Pringle 798; Los Medanos, 1935, LeSueur 414; near Carrizal, ora re 18, 1846, Wislizenus 104; sandhills near Cantarrecio, Oct. 1852, Thurber lant of nies soils, ranging from lathes Chihuahua north to the central United Sta Eriogonum seen Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 16 (1856). rth of airs rocky slopes, frequent, fl. reddish, Stewart 2373; Chihuabua,« ex "Scheer [P ts]. Arizona to trans-Pecos saat (Davis Mts.) and south into Chihuahua and Sonora. The species has been collected repeatedly in the highlands of western Chihuahua and northern Sonora. Pringle is listed as having collected the species near Chihuahua (no. 644). Potts’ material may have come from near Chihuahua City or from the mountains to the west. Mr. 1944 ] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, V 141 Stewart’s collection comes from the extreme northeastern part of the state. Eriogonum rotundifolium Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 21 (1856). VERNACULAR NAME: Chuch ILA: 10km. west of ete Guillermo, tobosa flat, fl. white, Stewart 1762; 9 km south of El Tule, south base of Sierra Hechiceros, dry hillside, fl. white, Stewart 451; Picacho Noche Buena, lava-strewn slope, Johnston & Muller 166; Castillon, silty arroyo at margin of gypsum flat, Johnston & Muller 1274; south of Laguna Leche, silty flat in somewhat saline and gypseous soil, Johnston 8623; near La Rosa, north- west of Saltillo, Shreve & Tinkham 9906. CHIHUAHUA: 3 mi. south of Providencia, sandy flat, white, Stewart 2560; dry hills and mesas near Juarez, May 5, 1901 and Sept. 26, cee Pa 9444, 11155. An associate-of Larrea on valley slopes and one showing a preference for silty, frequently somewhat gypseous soils. From our area ranging nort into Arizona, New Mexico, and trans-Pecos Texas. ae Wrightii Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 15 (1856). HUIL: Sierra del Carmen, Sept. 7, 1936, Marsh 806; Puerto Colorado, crevices in ie globose bush 12-18 vie tall, Johnston 8696; Sierra Hechiceros, Canon Indio Felipe, creek-banks, Stewart 110; northern foothills of Sierra ae gravelly open arroyo, bush 1 ft. tall, 2-3 ft. broad, fl. white, Johnston & Muller 1053; Cafon Tinaja Blanca, Sierra Cruces, sunny open slopes in upper canyon, erect, shrubby, 1-2 ft. tall, Johnston & Muller 295. Cuinuanva: 8 km. south of Rancho Hechiceros, in arroyo, fl. white, Stewart 216; along Sierra Seca, 20 km. north of Rancho San José del Progreso, rocky slopes, fl. ti ite, Stewart 2350; 3 mi. north of Mestefias, dry rocky slope in canyon, Johnston 7950; low ne a 2 mile southwest of Mestenas, rocky slope, fl. white, Stewart & Johnston 2031. Zacatecas: Concepcion del Oro, 1902, Palmer 381. Ranging from San Luis Potosi mee Vacaicens northward and northwest- ward into trans-Pecos Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The type came from extreme western Pecos County, Texas. The plant usually grows in gravelly or rocky soils and forms an erect bushy mass a foot or more tall. Eriogonum tenellum Torr. Ann. N. Y. Lyceum Re 241 (1827). Eriogonum tenellum var. leptocladon Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 20 (1856). VERNACULAR NAMES: Chuchaca; Chacate. Coanuma: Sierra del Carm ne Sentenela, Wynd é& Mueller 615; Piedra Blanca, igneous hills, Wynd & Wastes 490; Pak 1880, Palmer 1173; Cafion Indio Felipe, Sierra Hechiceros, sides of arroyo, Stewart 159; Sierra Cruces, Canon Los Organos, 1937, LeSueur 1310; rocky hills west of es April 24, 1885, Pringle 169; Chihuahua, stony mesas, fl. white, 1908, Palmer 80. Ranging from our area northward through nee Texas to western Oklahoma and thence westward in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. A plant of well-drained, usually rocky or gravelly soil in exposed situations, with a rather compact multicipital caudex, basal clusters ] petiolate ovate to a orbicular white-tomentose leaves, and nak flowering branche 142 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV Eriogonum tenellum Torr. var. ramosissimum Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 20 (1856). CutnvuanHua: Sierra de los Organos, Sept. 1937, LeSueur 2006. This variety has been previously known only from the igneous area of central Texas (Llano and Gillespie Counties), east of the area from which typical E. tenellum is known. From typical £. tenellum it differs in having a very much looser caudex with the small acutish ovate leaves scattered along the lower 5—15 cm. of the flowering stem. Its low usually sprawling slender growth-habit, small acutish leaves, and smaller flowers quickly dis- tinguish it from E. platyphyllum. Although from far to the southwest of previously known stations of var. ramosissimum, LeSueur’s collection from the Sierra Organos seems indistinguishable from it, as well as conspicuously different from the material of typical E. tenellum which has been collected in the same sierras. The variety may deserve specific rank. Eriogonum platyphyllum Torr. ex Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 20 (1856). Eriogonum tenellum var. platyphyllum Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 176 (1859). Coanuita: Rancho Agua Dulce, shrub-covered valley floor, 1936, Wynd & Mueller Soledad, Sept. 1880, Palmer 1174; Sierra Guajes, Canton Milagro, in arroyo, fl. yellow- ish white, Stewart 1537; several miles below Palos Blancos, road between Ocampo and Cuesta ede gravelly bench on open canyon-floor, Johnston R g from our area north into the Big Bend and along the south eas of the Edwards Plateau (mouth of Terlingua Creek, Havard 114; southwest of Langtry, Cory 19414; 10 mi. west of Laguna, Kinney Co., Cory 29317; and Nueces River west of Uvalde, Wright 618, type). Although obviously related to E. tenellum, its elongate erect shrubby very leafy stems and larger flowers readily distinguish it from that more westerly ranging species. Eriogonum Jamesii Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 7 (1856). Eriogonum undulatum Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 7 (1856). COAHUILA: ape del Carmen, Cafion Sentenela, Wynd & Mueller 616; Sierra del Carmen, Aug. 1936, Marsh 688; Mesa Grande, northwest of Hac. Encantada, fl. whitish, a 1650; crest of Sierra Encantada, fl. reddish, Stewart 1460; betw. Sierra riage 1939, Marsh 1918; Lerios, July 1880, Palmer 1172; 3 km. southwest of Fraile, in arroyo, fl. white, Stanford et al. 335; Sierra del Sia, rocky places along sunny ledges on cliffs, Johnston & Muller 1296; Picacho Noche Buena, lava cliffs, Johnston & Muller 181; Sierra Cruces, near Santa Elena, sandy arroyo, fl. white, Stewart 311; highest peaks of Sierra Cruces, rocky slopes, Stewart 1143; San Antonio de los cae crevices about summit of tuff cliffs, “hiipente & Muller en Sierra Parras, July 1910, ono 4606; Sierras Negras, 9 km. south of Par white, Stanford et al. 162; Picacho de Jimulco, summit, Stanford et al. 95. pains Pringle 680. era Mountains 18 km. west of Concepcion del Oro, fl. white, Ranier et al. 5 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, V 143 Ranging from Hidalgo along the eastern Sierra Madre into our area and from thence northward to Kansas, Colorado, and Arizona. Growing in well-drained places, along arroyos, in openings in oak-chaparral, and on exposed ledges and cliffs, and varying in habit accordingly. In sheltered places it becomes 3—5 dm. tall and has large leaves frequently grayish with a thin indument on the upper surface. On exposed ledges and about cliffs it is commonly only 1-2 dm. tall and usually has a well-developed trailing woody caudex with russet shreddy bark and crowded small leaves quickly glabrous and bright green above. The various forms of this widely ranging species vary greatly in appearance but the variants are not geographically correlated and seem best dismissed as ecological forms. Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 177 (1859). VERNACULAR NAME: Lengua de Vaca. CHIHUAHUA: Near Chihuahua, rich moist soil on river bank, 1908, Palmer 27. Ranging from California east to southwestern Wyoming and western Texas, and south into northern Mexico. e species was originally based upon two specimens, Thurber 140, from Hueco Tanks northeast of El Paso, and Wright 1782, from the western side of the Rio Grande in Dona Ana County, New Mexico, a short distance north of the international boundary Rumex altissimus Wood, Class Book ed. 2. 477 (1847). CHIHUAHUA: Near Chihuahua, by stream, May 28, 1888, Pringle 5540. Ranging in the eastern United States west to the base of the Rockies and south through Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona into northern Mexico. Rumex mexicanus Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 45 (1856). CoaHvuIta: Fraile, common in valley, Stanford et al. 275; 3 km. southwest of Fraile, in arroyo, Stanford et al. 329. Cutmuanua: Presa de Chihuahua, 1936, LeSueur 608. Widely distributed in the United States, south through Arizona and New Mexico, and along the Sierra Madre Occidental into central Mexico. I am unable to distinguish Mexican material from northern plants segre- gated recently as R. triangulivalvis (Dans.) Rech. The Coahuilan speci- mens cited above are in flower and lack fruit. They may possibly repre- sent R. Berlandieri Meisn. of eastern Texas and eastern Mexico Rumex violascens Rech. Repert. Sp. Nov. 39: 171 (1936), Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 17: 131. f. 23 (1937) CoauuiLtaA: Don Martin Dam, White 1376; San Lorenzo de la Laguna, 1880, 2 Valley of the Rio Grande along our northern limits west, in southern New Mexico and Arizona, into California, and south in Coahuila: The species was described from a large and representative suite of specimens, but no type was designated. Rumex crispus L. Sp. Pl. 335 (1753). VERNACULAR NAME: Lengua de Vaca. uta: Monclova, Marsh 1678; Saltillo, Feb. 20, 1847, Gregg; Parras, 1880, Palmer 1181. CHIHUAHUA: Presa de Chiluahice, LeSueur 605; Chihuahua, commo along river and ditches and in low ground, 1908, Palmer 97, 223. 144 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV A European plant widely established in wet soils in America. It has been repeatedly collected in the Rio Grande Valley below El Paso. Polygonum coccineum Muhl. ex Willd. Enum. PI. 1: 428 (1809). CHIHUAHUA: 3 miles west of Camargo, fl. pink, White 2269. Widely distributed in the United States and ranging south to Central America. The cited collection represents the forma terrestre Stanford, Rhodora 27: 169 (1925). Polygonum lapathifolium L. Sp. Pl. 360 (1753). CoanuILA: Sierra del Carmen, Sept. 8, 1936, Marsh 761; Sabinas River near Muzquiz, Marsh 402. ees Near Chihuahua, moist shady place along river, 1908, Palmer 332 Widely distributed in America; apparently introduced from Europe. It appears to be generally distributed along the Rio Grande at our northern limit Polygonum persicarioides H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 179 (18 Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. persicarioides Ae Rhodora 28: 27 ). Coanurta: Monclova, Marsh 1681; Monclova, edge of river, White 1769; Canon Indio Felipe, Sierra Hechiceros, bank of creek, Stewart 95; south base of Sierra Hechi- ceros, mud at Tanque La Palma, Johnston & Muller 1282 Ranging from southern California to Texas and south through Mexico to South America. The species has been collected in the Rio Grande Valley in the Big Bend Polygonum pensylvanicum L. Sp. Pl. 362 (1753). CuiHvuAHUA: Pond just east of Organos, growing in standing water, Stewart & Johnston 2049 Widely distributed in eastern United States and south in Mexico. Polygonum punctatum Elliot, Bot. S. Car. and Georgia 1: 455 (1817). COAHUILA: eae Swamp, Sept. 15, 1936, Marsh 931. Cu1nuaHua: Rio Concho at Camargo, White 2245. Widely distributed in America. es aviculare L. Sp. Pl. 362 (1753). Coanurra: Saltillo, in river bottom, rare, 1898, Palmer 570. anaes Vicinity ‘of Chihuahua, ‘low moist river bottom, prostrate, 1908, Palmer Widely distributed in America as a weed along roads and in a eae Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 237 (1803). Collected in the bottom-lands along the Rio Grande in E] Paso (Wright 1775) and Hudspeth (Waterfall 3968 and 4598) Counties and hence, doubtless, occurring in adjacent Chihuahua. Widely distributed in the United States. CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Sp. Pl. 219 (1753). VERNACULAR NAMES: neil Istafiate. pene Sierra del Carmen, Aug. 9, 1936, Marsh 681; Rancho Babia, Marsh 1213; La Azufrosa, 3 ft. oF scarce, 188 Gregg 515; Parras, 1898, Palmer 445; San Lorenzo de la Laguna, an Palmer i 1944] JOHNSTON, PLANTS OF NORTHERN MEXICO, V 145 Widely distributed in America as a weed and a medicinal herb. Chenopodium dissectum (Moq.) Standl. No. Am. FI. 21: 26 (1916). CoanuILa: Saltillo, low places and on top of a stony mountain, odor strong, 1898, Palmer 353 Ranging from Coahuila south to central Mexico. Chenopodium graveolens Lag. & Rodr. Anal. Cien. Nat. 5: 70 (1802). Chenopodium incisum Poir. in Lam. Encyc. Suppl. 1: 392 (1811). VERNACULAR NAMES: Yerba del Zorillo; Colo de Zorillo. CoauuILa: San Antonio de las Alanzanas, 1-2 ft. tall, scarce, Aug. 31, 1848, Gregg 390; Carneros Pass area, Pe 1880, Palmer 1150. CHIHUAHUA: Cafion Madera, Sierra Rica, open sunny slopes, Stewart 2459, 2502; canyon west of Organos, mee arroyo and under liveoaks, cae rt & Johnston 2077; Sierra Santa Eulalia, Oct. 1885, Pringle 552 A native species ranging from trans-Pecos Texas to Arizona and south to Central America. It is sold as a medicinal plant in the market at Chihuahua. Chenopodium murale L. Sp. Pl. 219 (1753). Coanvuita: Monclova, 1939, Marsh 1728, 1842. A European weed widely established in America. It has been collected in the bottoms of the Rio Grande near Boquillas, Texas. 9; Chenopodium Fremontii Wats. Bot. King’s Exped. 287 (1871). CoanuILa: Canon Indio Felipe, Sierra Hechiceros, abundant at base of talus-slope, Stewart 40; Cafion Indio Felipe, dry sandy arroyo, Stewart 58; north base of Sierra sandy arroyo, not common, Stewart 317; Carneros Pass, shaded iN Sept. 11 1889, Pringle 2308. CurmuAHuA: Rio Grande, Oct. 1852, Thurber 817 Widely distributed in the western United States and south into northern Mexico. Among the collections cited Stewart 40, Pringle 2308, and Thurber 817 are very similar and clearly conspecific. They represent the loosely branched slender-stemmed plant with thin, green, practically gla- brous leaves. Aellen, in Repert. Sp. Nov. 26: 141 (1929), cites Pringle 2308 and the very similar Wright 570 (from the Rio Grande bottoms below El Paso) as C. Fremontii. The other collections which I have cited are much less mature, less branched, somewhat farinose, and lack mature fruit. Their difference may be caused - their immaturity. They may, possibly, be forms transitional to C. incanu In my identifications of this pas ‘the following four species I have tried to follow Aellen, using his “Beitrag zur Systematik der Chenopodium-Arten Amerikas,” in Repert. Sp. Nov. 26: 31-64, 119-160 (1929), and the “Key and Synopsis of the American Species of Chenopodium” by Aellen & Just, in Am. Midl. Nat. 30: 47-76 (1943). The material from the area is scanty and much of it without mature fruits, and very many specimens must be collected and studied before our species can be satisfactorily identified, if, indeed, that will ever be possible in this complex genus. Chenopodium incanum (Wats.) Heller, Pl. World 1: 23 (1897). CuiHuaAHvA: Vicinity of Chihuahua, old fields and waste places, 1908, Palmer 342. According to Aellen, Repert. Sp. Nov. 26: 144 (1929), the species 146 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV ranges in the western United States and south to Zacatecas. He cites the collection of Palmer listed above, as well as a collection of Mearns from White Water on the international boundary in northwestern Chihuahua. Chenopodium pena Standl. No. Am. FI. 21: 19 (1916). COAHUILA: n José, southeast base of Sierra Cruces, basalt hill, rocky slope, Johnston & a 982a; San Antonio de los Alamos, flats on summit of tuff cliffs, Johnston 8260; Parras, 1880, Palmer 1151. Aellen, Repert. Sp. Nov. 26: 120 (1929), cites material of this species from Utah, Arizona, and northern Mexico. He cites Palmer 310 (1902), from Saltillo, and Palmer 1151, which I have cited above. The other col- lections from Coahuila which I have listed are similar to Palmer 1151. The plant suggests a xerophytic form of C. incanum with small scarcely angular leaves. Chenopodium pratericola Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 39: 310 (1912); Aellen, Ostenia 99 (1933). Chenopodium petiolare var. leptophylloides Murr, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 994 (1904). vaHuUA: Near Ortiz, May 26, 1888, Pringle 1992 (isotype of C. petiolare var. leptophylloides). Widely distributed in the western United States according to , Sm. and mexicana (DC. ) A.C. Sm. All of the previously described patterns of foliar vascularization are encountered in leaves from different collections of the first three plants, whereas the more complex types of vascularization have not been found in leaves of the last four. It may be significant, in this connection, that the leaves of the former plants com- monly are larger or broader than those of the latter. That the type of vascularization is not determined directly and invariably by the size of the leaf is evidenced, however, by the fact that large leaves may at times have simpler patterns and small leaves complex ones. The length and form of the petiole in relation to the size and form of the lamina are evidently com- plicating factors in need of future detailed investigation. In Drimys and Pseudowintera, division of the three strands to form more than six bundles in the petiole and the base of the lamina is of excep- tional occurrence, being confined in the material that we have studied to leaves from certain collections of Drimys Winteri varieties chilensis and punctata and D. granadensis var. grandiflora. In these specimens there are 7—9 small bundles in the petiole, Fig. 70, which frequently tend to become more or less coherent in the basal part of the lamina, Fig. 8. The bundles have a normal abaxial orientation of phloem and are arranged in a single symmetrical arc. The tendency for the three strands to form five or more bundles in the petiole is intensified in Belliolum, Bubbia, Exo- spermum, and Zygogynum, and the bundles tend to maintain their indi- viduality in the basal parts of the lamina, i.e. the bundles do not fuse into a more or less coherent arc of vascular tissue, except in certain species of Bubbia, e.g. B. pachyantha A. C. Sm. (Brass 4371). In Belliolum, the more or less numerous bundles of the petiole and midrib, Fig. 12, are of normal form and orientation except that the median bundle may at times be conspicuously offset abaxially from a normal posi- tion in the arc of bundles, compare Figs. 10 and 12. Similar types of vascularization occur in Bubbia, but in certain cases three bundles are offset abaxially, Fig. 14. The xylem of the offset bundles commonly tends to assume an adaxially indented form as seen in transverse sections. Three of the bundles are offset in the petioles and midrib of Exospermum Lecarti v. Tiegh., Fig. 15. The median one commonly exhibits an amphicribral form, Fig. 17, whereas the xylem of the two lateral ones is indented or horseshoe-shaped. The numerous bundles of the slightly concave arc are of varied forms and orientations. The bundles in the petioles and midrib of E. stipitatum (Baill.) v. Tiegh., Fig. 11, tend to be associated in pairs that are jacketed in the lamina by sclerenchyma. As shown in Fig. 13, one bundle of each pair has an inverted orientation, i.e. the phloem is situated on the adaxial side of the xylem. Similar aberrant types of bundle structure and bundle orientation occur in Zvgogynum, Fi; The patterns of foliar vascularization fluctuate in Betichin. Bubhin Exospermum, and Zygogynum, not only in different species, but also within different leaves of the same species. Furthermore, the specific topographical 218 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xxv features, visible in transverse sections, vary more or less at different levels of the petiole and midrib. The ranges of structural variability within species and genera are more or less extensive and may or may not overlap. In the past, most investigators have overlooked or ignored such factors of varia- bility in attempting to differentiate species and genera of dicotyledons by their petiolar structure. Thus, van Tieghem (8) infers a greater stability of structural patterns in the Winteraceae than actually occurs. He states that there are seven bundles in the petioles of Drimys, Pseudowintera,® Belliolum, and Bubbia, three bundles from the median strand and four from the two bifurcating lateral ones. Whereas these bundles have a normal orientation of xylem and phloem, van Tieghem maintains that three of the seven bundles in Exospermum stipitatum and E. Lecarti have an inverted orientation and are associated in pairs with three normal bundles. Furthermore, according to van Tieghem, there are eight bundles in the petiole of Zyvgogynum, one of which is offset. In 2. Balansae v. Tiegh., Z. bicolor v. Tiegh., Z. pomiferum Baill. and Z. spathulatum v. Tiegh., none of these eight bundles divides to form paired bundles, whereas in Z. Vieillardi Baill. the offset bundle does so, and in Z. Bailloni v. Tiegh. all or several of the upper bundles may do so. As we have previously shown, there is no such stability in the number and behavior of petiolar bundles in the Winteraceae as hypothesized by van Tieghem. The three foliar strands of Drimys and Pseudowintera may be unmodified or they may divide to form 4-9 bundles. Furthermore, the three strands or their derivative bundles may fuse to form a single arc- shaped strand. In Belliolum and Bubbia the petiolar bundles are of vari- able number and one or more of them may be abaxially offset, as in Exo- spermum and Zygogynum. Furthermore, the bundles of the latter genera fluctuate in number, form, and orientation. Although much more c comprehensive collections of the Winteraceae must be studied in detail before attempting to differentiate species and genera upon the basis of their petiolar structure, the available evidence indicates that there are fundamentally significant trends of structural specialization within the family. Two of these trends of specialization are discernible in Drimys, leading (1) toward division of the three foliar strands to form more or less numerous derivative bundles, and (2) toward the fusion of bundles to form a single arc-shaped vascular strand. The former trend of specialization is intensified in Belliolum and Bubbia and attains its climax in Exospermum and Zygogynum, where the most complex and highly modi- fied types of vascularization occur. It is significant in this connection, how- ever, that although the range of structural variability in the Winteraceae is relatively wide, the vascularization patterns do not overlap or even simulate those that occur in Jllictum, Tetracentron, Trochodendron, the Magnoliaceae, Schisandraceae, Degeneriaceae, or Himantandraceae. The size, form, thickness, and texture of the lamina fluctuate markedly in different representatives of the Winteraceae, as does the venation of 3Pseudowintera Dandy, i.e. Wintera sensu v. Tiegh., non Murray. 1944] BAILEY & NAST, MORPHOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAE, IV 219 the leaves. Figs. si illustrate the venation patterns of Drimys grana- densis var. grandiflora Hieron. (Cuatrecasas 6687), Bubbia vgs akg (Schlecht.) Burtt Lae 16470), and Bubbia pachyantha A. C. (Brass 4371). The three leaves exhibit such conspicuous differences as a suggest the possibility of differentiating species by characteristic features of their patterns of venation, a problem of much significance to palaeo- botanists. The three leaves shown in Figs. 18-20 are from different collec- tions of the same species, Drimys piperita Hook. f. The range of structural variability within this species obviously is nearly as great as that illustrated in Figs. 21-23. It is evident, accordingly, that in utilizing the venation of leaves for taxonomic purposes, it is essential to examine numerous collec- tions from different parts of the range of each species, viz. from as differ- ent environments as possible. Through the collaboration of our colleague, Dr. Smith (6, 7), we have had the opportunity of studying numerous identified collections of various representatives of the Winteraceae. It is evident from analyses of this material that the ranges of structural variability differ in different genera, species, and varieties. They may or may not overlap. Thus, the terminal veinlets of the New World (Wintera) section of Drimys are typi- cally slender, Fig. 21. The coarser types of venation, Figs. 20 and 23, apparently do not occur in the New World representatives of the Wintera- ceae. This is significant in view of the diverse environments in which these plants grow in Mexico, Central America, South America, and Juan Fernandez, and indicates that genetic as well as environmental factors must be assessed in studying foliar venation. Less slender types of terminal veinlets are predominant in Old World representatives of the Winteraceae; the coarser types of venation, Figs. 20 and 23, having been encountered commonly in Bubbia and Zygogynum and less frequently in Belliolum and the Tasmannia section of Drimys. The more conspicuous fluctuations in the diameter of the veins and vein- lets, illustrated in Figs. 18-23, are determined largely by variations in the amount of sclerenchymatous tissue that jackets the vascular bundles. In the coarser-veined types of leaves, there is a massive development of sclerenchyma about the bundles of the midrib, the veins, and the terminal veinlets. In the slender-veined leaves of the Wintera section of Drimys, on the contrary, much less sclerenchyma is formed about the bundles of the midrib and veins, and the terminal veinlets commonly are devoid of sclerenchymatous jackets. Among the Old World representatives of the Winteraceae, such veinlets are of infrequent and sporadic occurrence, hav- ing been encountered by us only in certain collections of Drimys insipida, D. lanceolata, D. piperita, D. stipitata, Pseudowintera axillaris var. colorata, Zygogynum pomiferum, and Z. spathulatum It should be emphasized, in conclusion, that there is a conspicuous trend of specialization in Belliolum, Bubbia, Exospermum, and Zygogynum lead- ing toward intense sclerification of both vegetative and floral organs. The formation of very coarsely veined leaves appears to be a concomitant of this general trend of structural specialization. 220 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV 1. LITERATURE CITED BaiLey, I. W. and R. A. Howarp. The comparative morphology of the Icacinaceae. I. Anatomy of the node and internode. Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: 125-132. 1941. and —————.._III. Vessels. Jour. Arnold Arb. 22: 171-187. 1941. Imperforate tracheary elements and xylem paren- 1941. 3. ———— and ————. III chyma. a Arnold Arh. 22: 432-442. ee. ee 22: 556-568. 1941. nr oo ——. IV. Rays of the secondary xylem. Jour. Arnold Arb. . Sinnott, E. W. Investigations on the phylogeny of the angiosperms. I. The anatomy of the node as an aid in the classification of angiosperms. Am. Jour. Bot. 1: 303-322. 1914 . Smitu, A.C. The American species of Drimys. Jour. Arnold Arb. 24: 1-33. 1943. —————-. Taxonomic notes on the Old World species of Winteraceae. Jour. Arnold Arb, 24: 119- 164. 1943. . TreGHEM, P. vAN. Sur les dicotylédones du groupe des Homoxylées. Jour. de Bot. 00 14: 259-297, 330-361. 19 tae! Eee nF ono pa Aree. CoMPARATIVE MorPHOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAE AXX “I0A ‘8uy AIONUy “UNo[ | aL1V1g PLaTE II Jour. Arnoitp Ars. VoL. XXV Y OF THE WINTERACEAE 2 ARATIVE MorPHOLO¢ Comp Jour. ARNotp Ars. VoL. XXV PrateE III] BMRA Cs ecReD wy ComMPARATIVE MorpHoOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAE 1944] BAILEY & NAST, MORPHOLOGY OF THE WINTERACEAE, IV 221 EXPLANATION OF PLATES Pirate I Figures 1-6 from greenhouse-grown material, fixed in chromo-acetic, een in celloidin, and stained with Haidenhain’s haematoxylin and safranin. Figures 7-10 f herbarium material aia in hot water and mounted in diaphane without Tehaieint or staining. All x Fic. 1. Drimys Winteri J. R. & G. Forst., H. U. 17321. Transverse section of the node, showing three foliar strands at level of seiner from stele. Fic. The same. At a slightly higher level. Fic. 3. The same. Transverse section of the mekinie: show- ing six bundles of unequal sizes. Fic. 4. The same. Transverse section at the base of lamina showing three conspicuous bundles of the midrib and diverging veins. Fic. 5. The same. ‘Transverse as of the central part of the lamina, showing three con- spicuous bundles. Fic. 6. The same. Transverse section of the apical part of the lamina, showing single ark in the midrib. Fic. 7. Drimys Winteri var. chilensis (DC.) A. Gray, Munoz ey Transverse ection at the base of the lamina, showing arc-shaped bundle. Fic Drimys granadensis var. grandiflora Hieron., Triana s.n. Transverse section at ey ce of the lamina, showing arc-shaped bundle. Fic. 9. Drimys Winteri var. chilensis, ela 12605. Transverse section at base of the Jamina, showing three bundles. Fic. Drimys granadensis var. grandiflora, Holton 673. Transverse section of petiole, See numerous bundles. PriaTE II Figures 11-17 from herbarium material re- -expanded in mee NaOH, embedded in paraffin, and stained in Haidenhain’s haematoxylin and s Fic. 1 Exospermum eh ene — Vv. eens Vieillard 2281. Transverse section at base of the lamina, showing numerous bundles of normal and in verted ori- entation, x 22. Fic. ae ie Sate pers v. Tiegh., Schlechter 15348. Transverse section at base of the lamina, showing arc of numerous bundles and abaxially offset median bundle, x 22. Fic.13. Exospermum stipitatum, “ ieillard 2281. 4. bundles, three of which are abaxially offset, x 22. 1G. 15. Exospermum Lecarti v. Tiegh., Lécart 144. Transverse section of petiole, showing numerous bundles, three of which are abaxially offset, x 22. Fic. 16. Zygogynum spathulatum v. Tiegh., Vieillard 2266. Transverse section of petiole, showing numerous bundles, x 22. Fic. 17. sh at Lecarti, Lécart 144. Amphicribral bundle from Fig. 15 more highly magnified, 00. Prater III Figures 18-23: Parts of leaves cleared in hot dilute NaOH and mounted unstained in diaphane. All x 14 Fic. . Drimys piperita Hook. f{., Ramos 19583 19. Drimys piperita, Mijoberg 193. Fic. 20. Drimys piperita, eet 101. "Fic. . Drimys granadensts var. grandiflora Hieron., oes 6687. Fic. 22. Pores “olgocerb Osea Burtt, Schlechter 16470. 23. Bubbia pachyantha A. C. Sm., Brass BroLoGIcAL LABORATORIES, HarvARD UNIVERSITY. 222 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL, xxv STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI A. C. SMITH Continued from page 121 Elaeocarpus L. IN the account of the Papuasian species of Elaeocarpus by Schlechter (in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 107-146. 1916), 57 species are discussed, although six of these species were insufficiently known to Schlechter and were not placed in sections by him. Since his treatment, 25 species have been described from Papuasia, mostly by R. Knuth. Thus, a total of 82 species has now been described from Papuasia; in the present treatment I describe 32 Papuasian species as new, bringing the total known from our region to about 114 species. It has been pointed out by Schlechter and many other writers that Elaeo- carpus is a difficult genus to break up into groups, due to the extraordi- narily complex inter-specific relationships. ‘The classical division of the genus into four sections, apparently first proposed by Masters (in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 400-408. 1874) and later adopted by K. Schumann (in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 3(6): 5. 1890), is scarcely useful, for such a complex mass of species is not divisible into such a small number of sections, at least if any degree of natural grouping is to be retained. On the other hand, it is found that the species of various regions fall into more or less recognizable groups, much smaller than the originally proposed sections. Nine of these groups were recognized and named as sections by Schlechter among the Papuasian species, and my studies in the same region incline me to believe that these are more or less natural, although a certain degree of overlapping is evident. Schlechter’s classification is extremely useful, and I am able to retain it with some modifications. A classification of the Malayan species has recently been proposed by Corner (in Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 10: 308-329. 1939), without the use of sectional names. It remains for a monographer to bring together the treatments which have been suggested for various regions and to evaluate and limit the sections thus far named. It seems probable that the genus can be best treated by recognizing a greater number of sections than has as yet been proposed. Before accepting Schlechter’s sectional names, I attempted to typify the earlier-proposed sections in order to correlate them with Schlechter’s. As a result, it seems that two of his names, § Ptilanthus and § Papuanthus, are referable to § Ganitrus and § Monocera respectively. The two remaining 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 223 sections of Masters, Schumann, etc., § Dicera and § Acronodia, appear not to occur in their limited sense in Papuasi. In the following pages I attempt to place in Schlechter’s system those species which were not so placed by him or which have been subsequently described, referring my new species to the appropriate groups. The fol- lowing key to the Papuasian sections is based primarily upon Schlechter’s, with certain modifications made necessary by additional material. KEY TO SECTIONS OCCURRING IN PAPUASIA Ovary-locules with 2 collateral ovules. Petals broad: biulobed 24-40 2.cc0. so vees een as eee nee eet ee 1. § Lobopetalum. Petals fimbriate, the lobes at least 5. Segments a a petals digitate, thickened at apex; racemes ascending : petals more OT ESSROLECL tpt ea ers ecu eels ons beiss hae oois one ats sical iene ete teens ea 2. § ctylosphaera. sane ce ate ae not thickened; racemes horizontally spreading, petals preading at anthesis. ...........ceeere eect eee seer eres ceeds § Chascanthus. Ovary- agen with 4-12 ae (occasionally 2-ovulate in E. roseo- ee of §Fissi- alum). Ovary 5(rarely 4-, 6-, or 7-)-locular, each locule usually 4 (rarely 6- ) -ovulate ; 1Elaeocar pus : Dicera phar & Gris in mee Soc. Bot. Fr. 8: 201. 1861; Mast. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: . 1874; K. Schum. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 3(6): 5. 1890) be based on Dicera yz R. & G. ie ichar, € zen. 1: t. 40. 1776), which genus was pr amplified by G. Forster (FI. Ins. Austr. Prodr. 41. 1786 ). Since the original illustration pertains to Dicera dentata, this has Sic been taken to typify the Forsters’ genus and thus as the type of rg eae Dice Elaeocarpus dentatu ; ate Vahl has the following ae eas acters: racemes Se ae a rire flowers of average size (petals 7-10 n etals ADAP Os str rictly glabrous, and 3-lobed at the apex, the nee rounded or undulate but not f mbriate ; disk continuous, hispidulous; stamen 20, i y sericeous, 2-locular, ae locule 4-ovulate [in the specimens available to me, and also in Hook. Ic. Pl. 7: t. 602 (as E. Hinau A. Cunn.). 1844; Cheeseman, III. N. Zeal. Fl. 1: pl. 24. 1914, shows the ovules as a and some variation in this respect is probable]. The only Papuasian group of Elaeocarpus which suggests § Dicera (in its narrow sense) is § eae, Schlechter. However, the Papuasian plants of this section have d petals which are definitely laciniate or fimbr ‘iate rather than = j=} TQ — uo! o § Dice The extent of § Dicera Lee New Zealand, in its limited application, is Pee but it has obviously been much too broadly interpreted by Masters and Blacocarpus § es (Mast. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 408. 1874; K. Sch in E. & P. Nat. Pf. 3(6): 5. 1890) is based on E. Acronodia Mast. (Acronodia ees Bl., not ten punctatus Wall.). It is a very distinct and natural group, with tetramerous flowers and staminate and monoecious individuals. Some authors (e. g. Corner in Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 10: 309. 1939) imply that Acronodia is worthy of Sauenene rank. It apparently does not extend east to Papuasia and thus does not concern the present problem. 224 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV Ovary 2- or 3-locular (said to be 5-locular in £. sterrophyllus of § ile fruit at maturity usually 1-locular, sometimes probably 2- or 3-locu Petals thinner than the sepals and usually obviously different, cae adead at apex. Ovary pie esd 4-ovulate (occasionally 2-ovulate in E. roseo-albus and 6-ovulate in =. ROLPORER INEST inflorescences slender, associated with the i at iho ; flowers small (petals up to 6 mm. long, usually essen- tially glabrous) ; stinssi s 10-30, erostrate; fruit comparatively thick. walled. ESE PRS Gna Aas ee Sigs Sek E Wi b-8-b pe bee a a EGOS oe ees Fissipetalum. Ovary-locules 6—12-ovulate (very rarely 4-ovulate; if 4- or 6- ovulate, the other characters obviously not of § Fissipetalum). Flowers very large for the genus (petals often exceeding 20 mm. in length) ; leaves large, usually aggregated at ends of thick branchlets; flowers arranged in comparatively short few-flowered racemes arising from the branchlets below leaves; stamens numerous (frequently 50-100 or more), with conspicuously awned anthers; ovary sericeous; fruit large, some- what flattened, the endocarp also flattened. ..............8. § Monocera. Flowers smaller (petals not exceeding 20 mm. in length, in most species much smaller); leaves not aggregated in terminal clusters; racemes often sealer and many-flowered; stamens fewer (usually 15—50); fruit und in cross-section, not flattened. Gan glabrou haa 4 baa pane Saale aaa bea eh eee ade 6. § Oreocarpus. us 7 Petals ver the size ot the sepals (usually less than 8 mm. long) and often some- what similar in texture, usually leauge distally and subentire or obscurely atid (in a few species broadened a ex and distinctly fimbriate), densely sericeous without and often within, sei with a conspicuous swollen carina within; ovary-locules 6—12- sone fruits comparatively pry the pericarp rarely exceading 3 mm. in thickness. ..................... Coilopetalum. 1. § LopopeTaLuM Elaeocarpus § Lobopetalum Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 109. 1916. Based on the single species FE. bilobatus Schlechter and its variety acutatus Schlechter, both entities from the Sepik region of Northeastern New Guinea, this section appears not to be represented in the material of the Archbold collections. . § DactyLosPHAERA Elaeocarpus § Dactylosphaera Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 111. 1916. In addition to the six species upon which Schlechter originally founded this well-marked section, E. Lamii O. C. Schmidt and the new species de- scribed below also belong in § Dactylosphaera. The original six species are obviously closely related and Schlechter did not designate a type for the section. Since E. heptadactylus Schlechter is the only species illustrated by him, this may be designated as the lectotype of the section. Elaeocarpus (§ Dactylosphaera) myrmecophilus sp. nov. Arbor 5-6 m. alta, ramulis validis subteretibus fistulosis apicem versus puberulis et 7-10 mm. diametro demum glabratis; foliis apicem ramulorum versus congestis, petiolis subnullis, laminis chartaceis in sicco fusco-oliva- 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 225 antherarum inconspicue setulosis, 2-2.5 mm. longis, antheris quam fila- mentis paullo longioribus apice truncatis; ovario conico conspicue 5- angulato minute puberulo 3-loculari, ovulis 2 in quoque loculo, stvlo gracili circiter 1.5 mm. longo superne glabro. NETHERLANDS NEw GurInea: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 850 m., Brass 13231 (TYPE), Mar. 1938 (tree 5-6 m. high, occasional on higher banks of river in rain-forest; branches upright, inhabited by ants; flowers green). This species of § Dactylosphaera is very distinct in its sessile long nar- towly spatulate-obovate leaf-blades, elongate racemes, and comparatively large flowers. In other characters it is perhaps most suggestive of £. dolichodactylus Schlechter. Elaeocarpus (§ Dactylosphaera) pachydactylus Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 113. NETHERLANDS NEw GuIneEA: Hollandia, Bernhard bivak, alt. about 55 m., Neth. Ind. For. Serv. 25756. The cited specimen bears juvenile inflorescences, but in all respects agrees well with the description of E. pachydactylus, previously known only from the Sepik region of Northeastern New Guinea, also at low elevation. 3. § CHASCANTI:US Elaeocarpus § Chascanthus Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 115. 1916. In proposing this very sharply marked section, based on two new species, Schlechter did not designate a type. owever, since /. multisectus Schlechter is illustrated, this may arbitrarily be taken as the lectotype of the section. Duplicates of the type of FE. multisectus, Schlechter 16521, are available at UC. Since Schlechter’s treatment, no other species refer- able to § Chascanthus appear to have been described; below I propose two new species which are obviously of this relationship. In addition, Brass 6956 and 7282, from the Fly River region of British New Guinea, represent a new species of § Chascanthus; these specimens bear a manuscript name of Knuth which may already have been published. Elaeocarpus (§ Chascanthus) solomonensis sp. nov. Arbor ad 25 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus teretibus apicem versus puberulis cito glabratis purpurascentibus vel cinereo-fuscescentibus; petiolis con- spicuis gracilibus (0.5-1 mm. diametro) canaliculatis, glabris vel incon- 226 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV spicue puberulis, 1-2 cm. longis, basi et apice paullo incrassatis; laminis papyraceis siccitate fusco-olivaceis oblongo- ellipticis, (6- ) —13 cm. longis, (2—) 3-5 cm. latis, basi late obtusis, apice in acuminem ad 1.5 cm. longum gradatim angustatis, margine regulariter crenato-serrulatis (den- tibus 3—5 per centimetrum primo saepe calloso-mucronulatis demum spinu- losis vel obtusis), utrinque glabris vel costa juvenili obscure puberulo- sericeis, subtus in axillis nervorum interdum domatiiferis; racemis e ramulis infra folia ortis patentibus sub anthesi 15-30 cm. longis laxe multifloris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi gracilibus (1—-1.5 mm. diametro) pedicellisque arcte cinereo- -puberullis, pedicellis gracillimis subrectis 5-18 mm. longis; alabastris late conicis 3-4 mm. longis; sepalis submembranaceis elliptico- ovatis acutis, 4-5 mm. cep. 1.5-2 mm. latis, extus obscure puberulis, intus glabris; petalis submembranaceis ex ungue brevi perlate cuneatis, 6—7 mm. longis, apice 7-10 mm. latis, margine (et marginibus loborum) haud hispidulis ceterum glabris, infra medium plerumque 5- vel 6-lobatis, parte apicali in segmenta 60-90 linearia acuta cop‘ose et irregulariter fimbriatis; disci lobis 5 sepalis oppositis oblongo- -subglobosis, circiter 1 mm. diametro, minute et dense brunneo-velutinis, apice truncatis; staminibus 30- 35 ubique minute hispidulis 4—4.5 mm. longis, Rlaments gracilibus curvatis circiter 1.5 mm. longis, antheris erectis oblongo-subulatis 2.5—3 mm. longis apice acutis; Ovario copiose et breviter pallido-sericeo 3-loculari, ovulis in quoque loculo 2 elongatis, stylo subulato circiter 1.5 mm. longo superne glabro; racemis pedicellisque sub fructu incragsatis, rhachis parte apicali interdum delapsa; fructibus ellipsoideis, maturitate 15-22 mm. longis et 8-13 mm. latis, basi et apice obtusis, pericarpio ian azureo duro et endocarpio crasso ee inclusis) 2-4 mm. crasso, semine solitario oblongo- a amas Sotomon Isranps: Bougainville: Siwai, Waterhouse 96 (A, NY), 177 (A, NY) (trees 10-20 m. high, in jungle; native name: ruhonai) : Kupei Gold Field, alt. 12CO m., Kajewski 1752 (tree to 20 m. high, common in rain-forest; fruit ue to 20 m. high with medium buttresses; bark fairly smooth; wood white, soft; fruit blue; native name: chikora); Malaita: Quoimonapu, alt. 50 m., Kajewski 2327 (TYPE), Dec. 10, 1930 (tree to 25 m. high, common in rain-fore st; trunk without prominent fenues or buttresses; flowers faintly scented, the petals white, feathery, the stamens black; native name: isikor); San Cristoval: Magoha River, Brass 2751 (slender tree 20 m. high, in lowland rain-forest; bark pale brown, slightly flaky; wood soft, pale; leaf-blades smooth and shining abeve: paler beneath; fruit pale blue) In spite of the altitudinal range indicated by the above-cited specimens, there can be no doubt that all are conspecific. The only specimen with mature flowers is indicated as the type, but younger inflorescences, agreeing in all details, are found on Waterhouse 177 and Kajewski 2608. Fruiting specimens are Kajewski 1752 and 2608 and Brass 2751. Elaeocarpus solomonensis is a close relative of the New Guinean E. multi- sectus Schlechter, the two species agreeing in the texture, shape, and mar- gins of leaves, their elongate inflorescences, copiously and irregularly fim- briate petals, erect blackish anthers on curved filaments, etc. However, the new species has the leaf-blades strictly glabrous at maturity (rather than sericeous-puberulent on both surfaces and persistently so beneath), the pedicels comparatively slender, and the petals glabrous except for a few 1944 | SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 227 hairs at margins (rather than barbate on the claw without). In foliage, E. solomonensis suggests the specimens which I refer to E. fauroensis Hemsl. (see discussion below under § Ganitrus). However, E. fauroensis has a nearly globose fruit, larger and thicker-walled than that described above. Furthermore, Hemsley’s species has somewhat larger leaf-blades, which are often broadest above the middle, and its petioles are shorter and much stouter than those of the new species. Elaeocarpus (§ Chascanthus) leucanthus sp. nov. Arbor ad 14 m. alta, ramulis subteretibus apicem versus 2-3 mm. dia- metro et brunneo- hirtis cito nigrescentibus glabratis; petiolis gracilibus 1.5-3.5 cm. longis ut ramulis decidue hirtis, basi et apice incrassatis; laminis oe vel subcoriaceis in sicco fuscis ellipticis, 8-14 cm. longis, 3-6 m. latis, basi late obtusis, apice in acuminem ad 1.5 cm. longum subito rene margine recurvo obscure serrato-crenulatis (dentibus 1 vel 2 per centimetrum), supra glabris vel juventute sericeo-hirtellis, subtus praesertim nervis breviter brunneo-hirtellis, costa supra paullo subtus valde prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5—7 arcuato-adscendentibus anas- tomosantibus supra subplanis subtus elevatis, rete venularum utrinque perspicue prominulo; racemis axillaribus vel infra folia orientibus sub anthesi 5-12 cm. longis, pedunculo brevi et rhachi gracilibus (0.5-1 mm. diametro) pedicellisque pilis circiter 0.5 mm. longis copiose brunneo- hirtis; floribus plerumque 15-20 per inflorescentiam, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 12-20 mm. longis, alabastris anguste elongatis: sepalis tenuiter papyraceis lanceolatis, 7-8 mm. longis, circiter 1.5 mm. latis, acutis, utrin- que obscure puberulis; petalis membranaceis oblongo-cuneatis, 9-10 mm. longis, 3.5—4.5 mm. latis, utrinque praesertim inferne sericeis, basi angus- tatis, parte apicali in segmen ta 19-21 linearia obtusa leviter inaequalia pectinatis; disci lobis 5 sepalis oppositis subconnatis carnosis oblongis circiter 1 mm. longis et latis, dense sericeis, apice truncatis; ees circiter 20, 3-3.5 mm. longis, filamentis gracilibus glabris circiter 1 m longis, antheris membranaceis 2—2.5 mm. longis superne obscure hispidulis apice setas 8-12 conspicuas 0.3-1 mm. longas gerentibus; ovario ellip- in quoque loculo 2, : fructibus Sa ut videtur saepe | per inflorescentiam, immaturis ellip- soideis ad 25 & 18 mm., pericarpio duro 2—3 mm. crasso extus ruguloso et pallido-lenticellato. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1600 m., Brass 12229 (TyPE), Jan. 1939 (tree 14 m. high, in rain-forest on side of a ravine, the trunk 20 cm. diam.; flowers white). Elaeocarpus leucanthus, of the alliance of E. multisectus Schlechter, clearly differs from that species in its thick leaf-blades with more obvious veinlets and less evident serrations, its shorter and more slender inflo- resences with larger flowers, its less deeply and less copiously fimbriate petals, and its fewer stamens, which are conspicuously setose at apex. 4. § GANITRUS aan a § Ganitrus Brongn. & Gris in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 8: 202. 1861; Mast. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 400. 1874; K. Schum. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 3(6) : 5. 1890. 228 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VoL. XXV Elaeocarpus b. Ganitrus Endl. Gen. PI. 1011. Elaeocarpus § Ptilanthus Schlechter in Bot. sate 94: 121. 1916. Elaeocarpus § Ganitrus is founded nomenclaturally on E. sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum. |Ganitrus sphaericus Gaertn.; Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Roxb.|. Gaertner (Fruct. 2: 271. ¢. 139, f. 6. 1791) took his generic name from Ganitrus Rumphius (Herb. Amb. 3: 160. ft. 107. 1743), but his de- scription was based on an actual specimen and his species must be inter- preted from the material described, rather than from Rumphius’ description and plate (see Merrill, Interpret. Herb. Amb. 351. 1917). Ganitrus sphaericus Gaertn., therefore, is an Indian species, and the identity of Ganitrus Rumph. (probably = Elaeocarpus amboinensts Merr., op. cit. 350) is not germane to an interpretation of Elaeocarpus § Ganitrus. Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum. has been interpreted rather widely by most recent students, and its range is often stated as extending throughout Malaysia and even into New Guinea (e. g. Koorders & Valeton in Meded. Lands. Plant. 33: 419. 1900; Merrill in Contr. Arnold Arb. 8: 100. 1934; Corner in Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 10: 326. 1939). At present I cannot express an opinion on the true extent of this Indian species, but I have seen no New Guinean material which seems conspecific with £. sphaericus. The essential characters of Elaeocarpus § Ganitrus, as typified by E. sphaericus, agree with those of Elaeocarpus § Ptilanthus, as was realized by Schlechter (in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 121. 1916). However, Schlechter felt that § Ganitrus had been too broadly interpreted and that not enough weight had been given to the number of ovules in the ovary-locules, and there- fore he proposed to place the New Guinean plants of this relationship in a new section, Ptilanthus. In the New Guinean material available to him, Schlechter found four ovules per locule to be the uniform number. How- ever, I now find that the locules of FE. trifidus (described below) and some- times those of E. kaniensis Schlechter are 6-ovulate; nevertheless these species are definitely members of § Ptilanthus Schlechter. The number of ovary-locules is not necessarily uniformly five as supposed by Schlechter, but may vary from four to seven. Elaeocarpus sphaericus has large 5-locular fruits with a strongly rugulose endocarp; the number of ovules in the ovary-locules of the flower is not stated in the treatments examined by me, but Wight’s illustration (Ic. PI. Ind. Or. 1: t. 66. 1838) shows them to be probably six, while Endlicher (Gen. Pl. 1011. 1840) states, for Elaeocarpus b. Ganitrus, “. . . loculis quadriovulatis.” At any rate, I believe that variation in the ovule-number within sections is somewhat greater than implied by Schlechter. In view of the fact that all the other essential characters of the two groups agree, I believe that § Ptilanthus must be placed in synonymy under § Ganitrus. The actual limits of this group, both morphological and geographical, can- not be stated without detailed study of the genus, but it is now known from India to the Solomon Islands § Ptilanthus was originally erected by Schlechter to include eight species: no type was designated, but the sectional name implies that FE. ptilanthus 1944 J SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 229 Schlechter was intended as the basic species. To these eight Papuasian species (herewith transferred to $ Ganitrus) must be added three others which are already described: E. orohensis Schlechter (originally placed in § Blepharoceras), E. fauroensis Hemsl., and E. breviracemosus Knuth. These three species are discussed below. Here I also add six new species, so that § Ganitrus in Papuasia is now composed of 17 species. The essential diagnostic characters of § Ganitrus, at least as I assume it to be represented in Papuasia, are as follows: branches and branchlets comparatively stout; leaves and branchlets essentially glabrous, or seri- ceous or closely tomentellous on young parts; leaf-blades usually large, often glossy, oblong or obovate, serrulate or crenate, rarely velutinous on nerves beneath; inflorescences usually arising from branchlets below leaves, only rarely associated with the leaves, often unilateral; petals somewhat larger and thinner than the sepals, often essentially glabrous or puberulent to short-sericeous, usually deeply laciniate; stamens often numerous, the anthers often elongate, awned or not; style long, the ovary sericeous, 5 (rarely 4—7-)-locular, the ovules 4 (rarely 6) per locule; fruit compara- tively large, thick-walled. Elaeocarpus (§ Ganitrus) kaniensis Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 123. 1916. NoRTHEASTERN NEW GuINEA: Kani-Gebirges (Minjem River region), alt. about 600 m., Schlechter 17893 (TYPE coLL.); Morobe District, alt. 250-1350 m., Sattelberg, Clemens 3095 (flowers yellowish) ; Salamaua, Clemens 7 (tree about 15 m. high; fruit bright blue) ; Yunzaing, Clemens 4142 (tree, in secondary forest; fruit blue) ; pee Clemens 41711 (fruit blue) ; Gaeng Station, Clemens 41295 (tall tree, the trunk up t 1 m. diam.; fruit green, immature). Elaeocar pus kaniensis, previously reported only from the type collection, appears to be fairly common in the Morobe District. Schlechter points out that its petals are unusual in § Ptilanthus [i. e. § Ganitrus| because of their concave elliptic shape, narrowed apex, and obscure laciniae, all these points being suggestive of § Coilopetalum. NWHowever, the petals lack the dense sericeous pubescence and the swollen carina usually found in § Coilo- petalum, and on the basis of all its other characters, including the 5-locular ovary, E. kaniensis is indubitably correctly placed in § Ganitrus. The flowers of Clemens 3095 agree precisely with those of the type collec- tion, but, being perhaps somewhat more mature, they permit an amplifica- tion of the dimensions given by Schlechter. The sepals may be up to 6 X 2.5 mm. and the petals to 8 * 3 mm.; the stamens have short fila- ments and anthers about 2.5 mm. long. The petals are usually laciniate to about one-third their length with 8 or 9 lanceolate teeth. The five ovary- locules may have either 4 or 6 ovules each, this number being variable even in the same flower. All of the Clemens collections except no. 3095 are in fruit. The fruits are subglobose or slightly ellipsoid, 18-30 mm. in diameter at maturity. The epicarp is thin and brittle when dry and the mesocarp is somewhat fibrous. The endocarp is hard and bony, very thick, in larger specimens with numerous irregularly oblong processes which are 4-6 mm. long. In smaller fruits, the endocarp is merely conspicuously rugose, without ex- 230 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV tended processes. The locules are small, consistently 5, each with a single Elaeocarpus (§ Ganitrus) altisectus Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 123. 1916. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 75 m., Brass & gray-brown, fissured; sap-wood light brown; heart-wood brown; fruits dark green). The cited specimen agrees very well in foliage with Schlechter’s descrip- tion of E. altisectus, based on specimens from the Sepik region at 20-100 m. altitude. The species is characterized by its narrowly oblong-obovate obtuse leaf-blades and very short winged petioles. No. 13569 bears fruits, doubtless immature, which are subglobose, up to 12 mm. in diameter, rugu- lose, with a thick pericarp (2-3 mm. thick). The epicarp is hard, the endocarp bony and irregularly sulcate, the locules 5 and apparently each l-seeded. The mature fruit is doubtless larger and probably the endocarp develops more obvious processes. Elaeocarpus (§ Ganitrus) trifidus sp. nov. Arbor ad 30 m. alta, ramulis juventute angulatis saepe dense tomen- tello-puberulis cito subteretibus cinereo-purpurascentibus glabratis; el lis ut ramulis saepe puberulis glabratisque supra complanatis 8-18 m longis; laminis chartaceis vel subcoriaceis in sicco olivaceo-fuscis ellipticis vel obovato- ellipticis, 7-12 cm. longis, 3—5 cm. latis, basi in petiolum gra- datim angustatis et decurrentibus, apice breviter cuspidatis, margine serru- latis (dentibus 3—6 per centimetrum primo setulosis mox obtusis), utrinque glabris vel subtus praecipue nervis interdum supra costa dense puberulis cito glabratis, costa utrinque prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10 arcuato-adscendentibus anastomosantibus utrinque elevatis, rete venularum intricato utrinque prominulo; racemis in ligno vetustiore ortis vel inter- dum axillaribus patentibus 6-12 cm. longis plerumque 20-30-floris et secundifloris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi sub anthesi circiter 1 mm. diametro pedicellisque dense hispidulo-puberulis, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi longis, alabastris breviter conicis ad 5 mm. longis a cuspidatis; sepalis ae ovato-lanceolatis, 5. 56 | mm. lon mm. latis, acuminatis, basim versus intus paullo incrassatis, utringue ‘puber- ulis; petalis subcarnosis Se Meee circiter 8 mm. longis, inferne 2-2.5 trifidis, margine inferne tomentello-ciliolatis, intus basim versus sericeis; disco annulari- pulvinato leviter crenulato minute hispidulo circiter 0.5 mm. alto: staminibus 2- vel 3-seriatis plerumque 50-60 praeter setas apicales 2.5—3.5 mm. longis, filamentis hispidulis brevibus, antheris 1.5-2.5 mm. longis ubique obscure setulosis apice in setas 1-3 ad 0.8 mm. longas pro- ductis; ovario subgloboso et styli basi dense sericeo- oe loculis 6 (raro 7) 6-ovulatis, stylo crasso subulato 5-7 mm. 0; pedicellis sub fructu incrassatis, fructibus subglobosis maturitate a OT mm. diametro, epicarpio tenui duro, mesocarpio fibroso, endocarpio crasso osseo processibus irregularibus 3-6 mm. longis copiose ornato, loculis 6 vel 7 interdum sterili- bus, semine in quoque loculo solitario. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 2-4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg 1944 } SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 231 River, alt. 900-950 m., Brass 13290 (type), Mar. 1939, Brass & Versteegh 13148, 13527 (trees 20-30 m. high, occasional in rain-forest, sometimes in primary mossy-forest on ridges; trunk 20-48 cm. diam.; crown not wide-spreading; bark 12-15 mm. thick, dark brown or black, scaly; sap-wood light yellow; heart-wood brown-yellow or brown- green; flowers cream-colored; fruits dark green or blue). The only flowering specimen is designated as the type; no. 13148 bears young fruits and no. 13527 apparently mature fruits, which are described above. The fruiting specimens are glabrous throughout, whereas the flow- ering specimen has the branchlets, petioles, and leaf-blades puberulent, although these parts even here are glabrescent. In its deeply 3-lobed petals and its floral dimensions, E. trifidus suggests E. altisectus Schlechter, doubt- less its closest relative, from which it differs in its longer-petiolate leaf- blades with cuspidate apices. The ovary-locules of the new species are 6 or 7 rather than 5, a feature which has not been otherwise noted in § Ganitrus but which is probably of little consequence. Furthermore, the ovules are consistently 6 per locule, and therefore the plant would fall into § Blepharoceras in Schlechter’s key to the sections. In all its other char- acters of foliage, inflorescence, and fruit, E. trifidus obviously represents § Ganitrus, the characters of which must therefore be modified. Another specimen which very possibly represents E. trifidus is Brass & Versteegh 11915, collected at 1740 m., 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp. This specimen bears mature fruits similar to those above-described in all respects except for having 5 locules. I do not positively refer the collection to E. trifidus because its leaves are also strongly suggestive of E. acutifidus (described below), in which the fruit is 5-locular; the two species con- cerned are difficult to distinguish without flowers. Elaeocarpus (§ Ganitrus) acutifidus sp. nov. Arbor ad 24 m. alta, ramulis juvenilibus cinereo-sericeo-puberulis angu- latis mox teretibus glabratis saepe nigrescentibus; petiolis gracilibus supra canaliculatis 7-15 mm. longis ut ramulis puberulis mox glabratis; laminis in sicco fusco-olivaceis chartaceis supra nitidis utrinque glabris oblongo- ellipticis, 7-13 cm. longis, (2.5—) 3-6 cm. latis, basi acutis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice cuspidatis, margine dentibus 3-5 per centimetrum primo spinulosis serrulatis, costa supra paullo subtus valde prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-12 erecto-patentibus utrinque peracute elevatis, rete venularum intricato copioso utrinque valde prominulo; racemis in ligno vetustiore ortis patentibus 4-6 cm. longis ut videtur circiter 15- floris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi angulata circiter 1 mm. diametro pedicel- lisque breviter sericeo-puberulis, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 10-14 mm. longis, alabastris ellipsoideo-conicis ad 8 mm. longis conspicue acumi- natis; sepalis submembranaceis acutis oblongo- Janceolatis, 12-15 mm. longis, 2.5-3 mm. latis, utrinque minute puberulis glabratisque: petalis membranaceis anguste oblongo- cuneatis, 17-20 mm. longi is, 5—6 mm. latis, basim versus margine sericeo-puberulis, ceterum glabris, in Ane 10- 14 acutas 3-9 mm. longas irregulariter fissis; disco annulari-pulvinato 1—1.5 mm. alto crenulato minute hispidulo-velutino; staminibus 40—42 plerumque biseriatis erectis 7-10 mm. longis ubique breviter setuloso-sericeis, filamentis 2-3 mm. longis, antheris 5-8 mm. longis apice setas 1-3 ad 1 mm. longas gerentibus; ovario 5-loculari et styli basi pallide sericeis, loculis 4-ovulatis, 232 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV stylo crasso-subulato 18-21 mm. longo petala conspicue superante; rhachi guint a sub fructu valde incrassatis, pedicellis ad 20 mm. longis et mm, diametro; fructibus subglobosis maturitate 3.5—4.5 cm. diametro, a obtuso- rotundatis, apice nnee cuspidatis, epicarpio tenui duro valde ruguloso, mesocarpio fibroso, endocarpio crasso osseo processibus irregu- laribus ad 1 cm. longis implicite ornato etiam lacunis parvis hinc inde pervaso, loculis 5 interdum abortivis, semine in quoque loculo solitario. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2300-2340 m., Brass & Versteegh 11158 (TYPE), Nov. 23, 1938 (tree 24 m. high, fre- quent in primary forest on slope of a ridge; trunk 32 cm. diam.; crown not wide- forest on slope of a ridge; trunk 35 cm. diam.; crown not wide-spreading; bark 8 mm. thick, gray, rough; wood white; fruits dark green). Flowers are described from the type, mature fruits from no, 117136. The closest relative of E. acutifidus is doubtless E. ptilanthus Schlechter, the two species having in common a comparatively short and few-flowered inflorescence. The type of EF. ptilanthus is from the Sepik region of North- eastern New Guinea, and Schlechter cites 11 Ledermann collections as probably representing the species; for the purpose of interpreting it, how- ever, only the type and two other flowering specimens need be considered. These are characterized not only by their few flowers, but also by having only about 15 stamens. From F£. ptilanthus, as described, E. acutifidus differs in its longer petioles and broader and elliptic rather than oblong- spatulate leaf-blades. The flowers of the two species are quite similar in shape of parts, but those of the new species have larger sepals, petals, and stamens; its petals are more finely laciniate and its stamens are 40—42 rather than about 15. In foliage, E. acutifidus is suggestive of EF. trifidus (described above), but the differences between these two species in flower- size, petal-cutting, anthers, etc., are numerous and obvious. Elaeocarpus (§ Ganitrus) aemulus sp. nov. Arbor ad 27 m. alta EF. acutifido supra descripto valde affinis, foliis flori- petiolis 7-10 mm. longis, laminis 7-10 cm. longis, 2.5-3.5 cm. latis, apice obtusis, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10; racemis 3—4 cm. longis 5-10- floris, pedicellis sub anthesi 7-10 mm. longis; hee 10-11 & 2-2.5 mm. petalis 15-16 X 5-6 mm., in lacinias 9-12 acutas 3-8 mm. longas fissis staminibus 30-32 erectis 7-8.5 mm. longis, peers 5—6 mm. long's; stylo 9-10 mm. longo quam petalis valde breviore; fructibus (unico viso) sub- iow circiter 2 cm. diametro. . NorRTHEASTERN NEW GuINnEA: Morobe District, Ogeramnang, alt. about 1780 m., Clemens 5019 (TYPE), Jan. 16, 1937; above Kaile, enroute to Sarawaket, alt. 1650- 1800 m., Clemens 4910 — 25-27 m. high, in wet a by stream; fruit blue). In many res s, E. aemulus is intermediate between E. ptilanthus Schlechter and E. pansy (described above), its closest allies. The possibility that this species and EF. acutifidus are only varietally distinct is to be considered, but for the time being I think it best to designate them as species. The differentiating floral characters are matters of degree, the 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 233 most marked difference being in length of style. The diagnostic characters of these three closely related species are as follows: Petiole 5-8 mm. long; leaf-blades oblong- eagnees 5-9 x 2-3.5 cm., obtuse; sepals about 10 mm. long; petals about 13 mm. long, fimbriate with 7—9 teeth; stamens about 15, about 6 mm. long; style exceeding the petals. ............ E. ptilanthus. Petiole 7-10 mm. long; leaf-blades oblong-elliptic, 7-10 x 2.5-3.5 cm., obtuse; sepals 10-11 mm. long; petals 15-16 mm. long, fimbriate with 9-12 teeth; stamens 30-32, 7-8.5 mm. long; style 9-10 mm. long, shorter than petals. ............ E. aemulus. = 7- yo mm. long; mee eres oblong-elliptic, 7-13 x 3-6 cm., cuspidate; sepals -15 . long; pet 17-20 mm. long, fimbriate with 10-14 teeth; stamens an 7 bi mm. long; an 18-21 mm. long, exceeding the petals. ...£. acutifidus. Elaeocarpus (§ Ganitrus) chloranthus sp. nov. Arbor ad 25 m. alta ubique inflorescentiis exceptis glabra (partibus juvenilibus forsan puberulis), ramulis subteretibus crassis apicem versus saepe a mm. diametro dense foliatis; petiolis brevibus late alatis 2—5 (7—) 11-20 cm. longis, (3—) 4-7 cm. latis, basi in petiolum conspicue decurrentibus, apice rotundatis vel late obtusis, margine inconspicue crenu- lato- denticulatis (dentibus 3-6 per centimetrum primo spinulosis) , supra nitidis, costa valida supra subplana vel elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 15-20 patentibus curvatis anastomosantibus utrinque peracute prominulis, rete venularum intricato pease) valde prominulo; racemis in ligno vetustiore ortis patentibus 5—9 cm. longis secundifloris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi robusta striata Be ete breviter sericeo- puberulis, floribus confertis, bracteis oblongo-lineari m. longi utrinque obscure puberulis; petalis membranaceis anguste oblongo-cuneatis, 15-16 mm. longis, 4-5 mm. latis, intus et margine basim versus sericeo- puberulis, in lacinias 13—20 acutas 3-6 mm. longas irregulariter fissis; disco annulari-pulvinato obscure crenulato circiter 0.7 mm. alto minute hirtello: staminibus 27-32 plerumque biseriatis 7-10 mm. longis ubique minute setulosis, filamentis 1.5-3 mm. longis, antheris 5—7 mm. longis in apicem acutum gradatim angustatis; ovario 5-loculari et styli basi breviter sericeis, loculis 4-ovulatis, stylo crasso 7-11 mm. longo superne glabro. NETHERLANDS NEw GUINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard camp, Idenburg River, alt. 850 m., a 13287 (TYPE), bon 1939 (tree 18-20 m. high, with umbrella crown, occasional in seral rain-forest on sandy flood-banks of river; flowers green); 15 km. southwest ee Bernhard Camp, alt. 1770 m., Brass & Versteegh 11939 (tree 25 m. high, occasional in forests of slopes; trunk 50 cm. diam.; crown not wide-spreading; bark 18 mm. thick, black, fairly smooth; sap-wood white; heart-wood brown-green; flower- buds green). Elaeocarpus chloranthus is probably most closely related to E. ter- minalioides Schlechter, differing in its glabrous and obtuse or rounded rather than short-acuminate leaf-blades, its shorter and more compact inflorescences, its much larger petals with acute rather than obtuse and somewhat dilated segments, and its longer stamens. sae ahaa (§ Ganitrus) orohensis Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 130. 1916. NETHERLANDS NEW GuINEA: Valley of Oroh River, alt. 1300 m., Pulle 1133 ee Feb. 24, 1913. 234 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xxv This is one of the species which Schlechter described very briefly, re- ferring to a number of Nova Guinea which has not been published. Since he gives a few notes and dimensions, however, the species must be con- sidered validly published. The exact locality is in doubt, “Oroh”’ being taken from a hand-written label and probably not accurate; the specimen was collected in the region south of Mt. Wilhelmina. Schlechter’s examination of the specimen must have been superficial, for he refers it to § Blepharoceras, a section characterized by having trilocular ovaries with the locules at least 6-ovulate. Pulle 1133 has the locules 4-ovulate and either 4 or 5 in number; 4- and 5-locular ovaries occur about equally in the several flowers I have dissected. The species is clearly a member of § Ganitrus, in which it is probably related to E. cuneifolius Schlechter. The leaf-blades of E. orohensis are peculiarly rugulose on beth surfaces with scattered elevations having the appearance of blisters. Be- cause of the inadequacy of the original publication, I here redescribe the Arbor ad 20 m. alta (ex Schlechter), ramulis teretibus brunneis juv- enilibus puberulis mox glabris; petiolis supra complanatis mox glabratis 1—1.5 cm. longis; laminis chartaceis utrinque glabris et disperse rugulosis, siccitate viridi-olivaceis, obovato-ellipticis, 12-15 cm. longis, 5—7.5 cm. latis, basi et apice obtusis, margine anguste recurvato inconspicue crenulato- serratis (dentibus circiter 2 per centimetrum), costa supra elevata interdum canaliculata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7—10 arcuatis utrinque oh en rete venularum copioso intricato utrinque valde promi- nulo; racemis axillaribus vel infra folia orientibus subrectis 10-15 (ad 20 ex Schlechter) cm. longis, pedunculo brevi et rhachi striata circiter 1.5 mm. diametro pedicellisque minute puberulis; floribus numerosis, arecnin gracilibus sub anthesi 6-10 mm. longis, alabastris angustis 4—5 mm. longis; sepalis papyraceis acutis deltoideo-lanceolatis, 4—5 mm. longis, ie 1.5 mm. latis, utrinque puberulis, intus glabratis; petalis membranaceis e basi angustata cuneatis, 5.5—6 mm. longis, 3—4 mm. latis, margine inferne puber- ulis ceterum glabris, in segmenta 25—30 linearia acuta irregularia circiter 2 mm. longa profunde fimbriatis; disco annulari-pulvinato circiter 0.5 mm. alto minute velutino- saga rea lobis 5 oblongis confluentibus; staminibus 15-17 erectis 2.5—3 longis ubique ee setuloso- puberulis, fila- mentis brevibus gracilibns, antheris circiter 2 mm. longis apice acutis et minute hispidulis; ovario pallide sericeo 4- vel 5- ae. loculis 4-ovulatis, stylo subulato circiter 4 mm. longo basim versus sericeo superne glabro. Elaeocarpus (§ Ganitrus) leptopus sp. nov Arbor ubique partibus nok puberulis inflorescentiisque exceptis glabra, ramulis gracilibus subteretibus vel primo leviter angulatis; petiolis gracilibus 15-18 mm. longis supra complanatis et obscure sericeo-puberulis: laminis chartaceis in sicco fusco-olivaceis ellipticis, 8-11 cm. longis, 3—4.5 cm. latis, basi obtusis et in petiolum decurrentibus, in apicem brevem obtusum vel minute emarginatum cuspidatis, margine inconspicue crenato- serrulatis (dentibus 2—4 per centimetrum), supra nitidis, costa supra leviter subtus valde prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-12 patentibus anas- tomosantibus utrinque valde prominulis subtus in axillis saepe domatiiferis, rete venularum utrinque prominulis; racemis e ramulis infra folia ortis 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 235 sub anthesi 10—20 cm. longis multifloris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi gracili striata 0.5-1 mm. diametro pedicellisque sparse puberulis mox glabratis, pedicellis gracillimis sub anthesi 5-8 mm. longis; sepalis submembranaceis deltoideo-lanceolatis acutis, circiter 3. 5 | mm. longis et 1 mm. latis, extus sparse puberulis glabratis, intus glabris; petalis membranaceis obovato- cuneatis, circiter 4.5 mm. longis, 2.5-3 mm. latis, margine medium versus ciliolatis ceterum glabris, in lacinias 15-17 inaequales 1-2 mm. longas lineares ee fissis; disco annulari-pulvinato indistincte 5-lobato cir- citer 0.4 mm. alto minute hispidulo; staminibus circiter 15 erectis 2—2.8 mm. longis, ilmentic gracilibus ad 1 mm. longis, antheris 1.5-1.8 mm. longis apice obtusis et setas 1-3 breves gerentibus; ovario subgloboso obscure hispidulo-sericeo 4- vel 5-loculari, loculis 4-ovulatis, stylo subulato glabro 2—2.5 mm. longo. NorTHEASTERN NEw Guinea: Morobe District, Sattelberg, alt. about 1000 m., Clemens 2022 (TYPE), Mar. 12, 1936 Although clearly a member of § Ganitrus, E. leptopus has flowers un- usually small for the section. They approach those of EF. orohensis Schlechter in size and shape of parts, but they are even smaller and have the petals less copiously laciniate. The rhachises and pedicels of the new species are much more slender than those of E. orohensis, while the leaves are smaller and different in shape and texture. Like EF. orohensis, E. leptopus has its ovaries either 4- or 5-locular. Elaeocarpus (§ Ganitrus) savannarum sp. nov. bor ad 7 m. alta, ramulis juvenilibus angulatis sericeo- -puberulis mox subteretibus glabratisque; petiolis gracilibus 8-15 mm. longis ut ramulis puberulis glabratis supra complanatis; laminis chartaceis fusco-viridibus oblongo- -ellipticis, 7-11 cm . longis, 2-4 cm. latis, basim versus attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice breviter et obtuse cuspidatis, margine inconspicue crenulato-serrulatis (dentibus 3—5 per centimetrum), costa supra saepe subplana subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-10 adscendentibus supra leviter subtus valde prominulis et in axillis interdum domatiiferis, rete venularum utrinque prominulo vel supra subimmerso; racemis axillaribus sub anthesi 7-12 cm. longis multifloris, eqaeuit brevi et rhachi striata circiter 0.5 mm. diametro pedicellisque arcte puberulis, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 5-6 mm. longis; sepalis papyraceis deltoi- deo-lanceolatis acutis, circiter 3 mm. longis et 1 mm. latis, utrinque minute puberulis et glabratis; petalis membranaceis obovato-cuneatis, circiter 4 mm. longis, 2—2.5 mm. latis, praeter marginem medium versus puberulum ubique glabris, in lacinias 13-17 inaequales lineari-lanceolatas 1-2 mm. ongas apice obtusas et paullo incrassatas fissis; disco annulari-pulvinato 5-lobato circiter 0.5 mm. alto minute hispidulo; ‘staminibus 12 vel 13 uni- serlatis 1.5—1.8 mm. longis, filamentis andy: brevibus, anthers 1.2-1.3 mm. longis apice obtusis et setas 1-3 c er 0.5 mm. longas gerentibus; ovario subgloboso minute ae ee Paneer loculis 4-ovulatis, stylo subulato glabro circiter 2 mm. longo. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: ‘Vicinity of Hollandia, alt. 20-100 m., Brass 8814 (TYPE), June 14, 1938 (tree 6-7 m. high, common in small forest clumps on secondary savannas; flowers white). Like the preceding new species (E. leptopus), E. savannarum has un- 236 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV usually small flowers for § Ganitrus, and in this species the ovaries are apparently uniformly 4-locular. Elaeocarpus savannarum has the sepals, petals, and anthers slightly smaller than those of EF. leptopus, while its racemes are shorter and its leaf-blades are duller, with more ascending secondaries and less obvious veinlet-reticulation. The two species are very closely allied. saa ig s Rau hari Hemsl, in Kew Bull. 1896: 159. 1896; Schlechter hrb. 54: 1916. eienita sani 7 wealaeiiie e: Kugumaru, Buin, alt. 150 m., Kajewski 1900 (tree to 25 m. high, common in rain-forest; fruit blue; wood used for house- building by natives; native name: ou-kari-pe); Guadalcanal: Uulolo, Tutuve Mt., alt. 12CO m. "Kajewski 2495 (tree up to 30 m. high, common in rain-forest; trunk straight: fruit purple, eaten by cockatoos and pigeons; native name: hy-cundt) Hemsley’s brief description of the type specimen, collected on Fauro Island, applies very well to the above-cited specimens, both of which, like the type, are in fruit. The leaf-blades of the Kajewski specimens are mostly slightly smaller than those described by Hemsley, averaging about 15 < 4.5 cm., but some of them attain the dimensions of 18 X 5.5 cm., very close to the 7-8 X 2-2.5 inches stated in the original description. The available fruits are subglobose-ellipsoid, 2-3 cm. in diameter, with a comparatively thick and hard rugulose epicarp (often 1 mm. thick The endocarp is very hard and bony, with numerous irregular processes 2-4 mm. long. The locules are 5, but sometimes all except 1 or 2 are small and empty. The seeds are dark brown and glossy, about 1 cm. long, and acute at both ends. Schlechter saw no material of this species and did not attempt to place it. The characters of the foliage and fruit are unmistakably those of § Ganitrus, but without flowers I cannot indicate the immediate alliance of the plant. Elaeocarpus (§ Ganitrus) breviracemosus Knuth in Rep. Sp. Nov. 48: 73. 1940. British New Guinea: Middle Fly River, Lake Daviumbu, Brass 7654 (TYPE COLL.) (spur-buttressed canopy tree, common in rain-forest; bark brown, thin, marked with shallow longitudinal fissures; fruit blue). The fruits of this species, not described by Knuth, are borne on slender spreading racemes up to 9 cm. long, arising from the older parts of branch- lets. The pedicels are 15-18 mm. long and fairly thick. The fruits are subglobose, about 2 cm. in diameter, with a smooth hard epicarp about 0.5 mm. thick and a somewhat fibrous mesocarp about 2 mm. thick. The endocarp is hard and bony, irregularly rugulose but without conspicuous processes; the locules are 5, each 1-seeded, but it is likely that sometimes fewer locules are fertile. The species is unmistakably a member of § Ganitrus, but it cannot be more definitely placed without flowers. 5. § FIsSIPETALUM Elaeocarpus § Fissipetalum Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 118. 1916. Schlechter originally based this section on five species, among which £. arfakensis Schlechter (inadequately described) is anomalous because of its 1944 | SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 237 densely tomentellous lower leaf-surface. The remaining four species have glabrous leaves. The only species illustrated is E. polydactylus Schlechter, and this obviously has all the characters which Schlechter intended to apply to the section. Therefore it seems advisable to designate E. polydactylus as the lectotype of § Fissipetalum. Since Schlechter’s work, several other species have been described which may be referred to § Fissipetalum: E. Pulleanus O. C. Schmidt, E. azalei- folius Knuth, and E. Brassii Knuth. These species are discussed below, and under the discussion of E. azaleifolius 1 also suggest that E. crenulatus Knuth may belong to this section. From the description, it seems probable that E. koebrensis Gibbs also belongs to § Fissipetalum, in which case its alliance may be with £. Pulleanus and its relatives or possibly with E. arfakensis. This latter species and two relatives described below as new differ from the remaining species of § Fissipetalum in the close tomen- tellous indument of their lower leaf-surfaces and inflorescences. In habit, they thus suggest certain species of § Blepharoceras (E. latescens F. v. Muell. and its allies, discussed below), but in essential floral characters E. arfakensis and its relatives appear to belong in § Fissipetalum. To the eight or ten species which thus already constitute § Fissipetalum, I herewith add seven new species below. The section is fairly coherent, in spite of a great range of variation in leaf-size, as indicated by the extremes of E. myrtoides and E. decorus, both proposed as new. Its diagnostic char- acters are as follows: inflorescence slender, axillary, associated with the leaves (at least at anthesis), ascending; flowers small, the petals up to 6 mm. long, more or less equally 5—36-fimbriate in the distal half or third, usually essentially glabrous; stamens 10-30, erostrate but often apiculate or hispid- setulose at apex; ovary sericeous, puberulent, or glabrous, 2- or 3-locular, each locule 4-ovulate (occasionally 2-ovulate in EF. roseo-albus and 6-ovulate in E. polydactylus, both discussed below) ; fruit globose to ellipsoid, com- paratively thick-walled, usually unilocular at maturity, the endocarp rugulose or sulcate or pitted but not conspicuously ornamented (except in E. sericolotdes, an aberrant new species with ornamented endocarp, dis- cussed below) Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) roseo-albus Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 119. 1916. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 15 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1800 m., Brass 12015 (slender subsidiary tree 12-15 m. high, frequent in mossy- forest ; ccs convex; calyx red; petals white). The cited collection is referred to E. roseo-albus with reasonable cer- tainty, in spite of minor differences in dimensions, etc. The type of the species was obtained in the Sepik region of Northeastern New Guinea at 2070 m. The most striking difference between the Brass plant and Schlechter’s description lies in the fact that the ovules are predominantly two in each of the three locules in our specimen; occasionally the ovules are three, and rarely four. Four is the only number mentioned in the original description, and indeed this number of ovules was considered uniform for § Fissipetalum by Schlechter. However, it is obvious that Brass 12015 cannot belong to any of Schlechter’s first three sections, in which paired 238 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV ovules are universal; just as obviously, § Fissipetalum is the proper place for this collection, and therefore one must assume that the number of ovules is more variable than indicated by Schlechter. The leaf-blades of Brass 12015 sometimes attain the dimensions of 5.5 X 2.5 cm., but as a rule they approximate the size of 5 X 1.5 cm indicated for E. roseo-albus. The petals of our collection, fully mature, measure about 3 X 1.5 mm. and are 9-11-laciniate; the disk is 5-lobed with each lobe slightly grooved; the stamens are 12—14, with anthers 0.8-1 mm. long and obscurely setulose at apex; the flowers are very rarely 4-merous. These slight variations, as compared with Schlechter’s description, indicate the only points in which our plant differs from his. The fruits of Brass 12015, which may not be fully mature, are ellipsoid, up to 8 X 5 mm., with a pericarp about 1.5 mm. thick and a single seed. The epicarp is thin and rugulose when dry; the endocarp is thick and woody, with longitudinal grooves. Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) myrtoides sp. nov. or 5-6 m. alta multiramosa dense foliata, ramis ramulisque sub- teretibus glabris cinereis copiose et conspicue verrucoso-lenticellatis, ramulis hornotinis rubris gracillimis ; petiolis gracilibus canaliculatis 1-3 mm. longis; laminis Solg coriaceis saepe convexis obovato-ellipticis, 10-20 mm. longis, 5-8 mm. latis, basi gradatim angustatis et in petiolum decur- supra impressa subtus ai nervis lateralibus utrinsecus plerumque 3 adscendentibus et rete venularum subtus prominulis; racemis axillaribus 1-2 cm. longis econ rhachi gracili glabra leviter angulata, pedicellis 6-8 mm. longis obscure sericeis vel glabratis; sepalis papyraceis acutis oblongo- de abe yearn er 4X 1.5 mm., extus inconspicue pallido- sericeis, intus glabris et carinatis; petalis submembranaceis obovato- oblongis circiter 4 < 1.5 mm., extus — sericeis, intus glabris, apice in segmenta circiter 6 subaequalia 0.6—1 mm. lon obtusa dissectis; disci lobis 5 late oblongis circiter 0.5 mm. altis, oe. hispidulis; staminibus circiter 15 erectis 2.8-3 mm. longis, filamentis gracilibus glabris, antheris 1.7-2 mm. longis apice acutis et obscure hispidulis; ovario glabro biloculari, loculis 4-ovulatis, stylo brevi; fructibus ovoideo-ellipsoideis ad 10 X 6 mm. (immaturis?), basi rotundatis, apice obtusis et basi styli subpersis- tente coronatis, pericarpio (epicarpio ruguloso et endocarpio osseo inclusis ) 1,5-2 mm. crasso, semine solitario. British New Guinea: Central Division, Murray Pass, Wharton pare alt. 2840 m., Brass 4505 (A, NY, type), July 15, 1933 (much-branched shapely tree 5-6 m. high, common in forests; branchlets, petioles, leaf-margins, rachises, and koe red; leaf- blades with nerves impressed above; sepals yellow-brown; petals pale yellow; fruit olive-green). Elaeocarpus myrtoides is clearly distinguished by its very small leaves, much smaller than those of any other species of § Fissipetalum. Its petals, with few and short teeth, suggest those of FE. roseo-albus Schlechter but are larger. The glabrous bilocular ovary and the very short few-flowered inflo- rescences further distinguish the new species from its close relatives. 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 239 Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) polydactylus Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 119. fig. 6. 16. NORTHEASTERN NEW GUINEA: aie District, Yunzaing, alt. 1650 m., Clemens 3731; Busu, alt. 1800-2400 m., Clemens 6 The cited specimens appear to fall into a reasonable concept of Schlechter’s species, although the leaf-blades are sometimes larger (up to 7.5 X 2.5 cm.) than those originally described, while the petals at maturity are larger (up to 5 mm. long) and only 10- or 11-laciniate (rather than 12—15-laciniate). Otherwise our specimens agree precisely with the de- scription and illustration. Schlechter has described a var. podocarpoides with leaf-blades up to 12 X 4 cm. Both the species and the variety are based on material from the Sepik region, at elevations of 1000-1350 m Clemens 3731 may have the locules either 4- or 6-ovulate, both con- ditions having been observed in a single flower. Therefore the 4-ovulate characterization of § Fissipetalum must be modified to permit the inclusion of occasional plants with 6-ovulate ovary-locules. Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) azaleifolius Knuth in ee Sp. Nov. 48: 72. 1940. British NEw GUuINEA: a Division, Mt. Tafa, alt. 2400 m., Brass 5002 (A NY) (tree 12-13 m. high, common in ridge-crest forests; crown flat, Spreadink, thinly foliaged; branchlets, ee. leaf-costas, and rhachises Peddish’ flowers cream- colored; fruits blue-green). The cited specimens precisely agree with the original description of E. azaleifolius, reported from the nearby Mt. Victoria at 2300 m. The ovary, not described in detail by Knuth, is 3-locular, with 4 ovules in each locule. Although the leaf-blades of the Brass specimen average in size, as those of Mt. Victoria material, about 3.5 1.3 cm., some of them attain a size of 5 & 2.2 cm. The fruits of Brass 5002 are ellipsoid, up to 12 10 mm., with a pericarp about 3 mm. thick and a single seed. The endocarp is hard and woody, with narrow grooves. Elaeocarpus azaleifolius is a very close relative of E. polydactylus Schlechter, differing principally in its more obtuse and more obscurely crenate leaf-blades, shorter pedicels, and larger sepals and petals. It seems probable that E. crenulatus Knuth (in Rep. Sp. Nov. 48: 74. 1940) also belongs in § Fissipetalum ; it is based on a sterile specimen also from Mt. Victoria. According to the description, the leaves differ from those of FE. azaleifolius only in having slightly longer petioles and broader blades. Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) mundulus sp. nov. Arbor 12 m. alta partibus juvenilibus inflorescentiisque exceptis glabra, ramulis teretibus gracilibus cinereis; petiolis leviter canaliculatis gracilibus 4-10 mm. longis; laminis coriaceis saepe convexis anguste obovato-ellipticis, —) 4.5-6 cm. longis, (1—) 1.5—2.5 cm. latis, basi attenuatis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice obtusis vel rotundatis, margine recurvato obscure crenulato-serratis (dentibus 2 vel 3 per centimetrum), costa supra paullo subtus valde elevata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 4-7 brevibus adscenden- erectis 4—9.5 cm. longis multifloris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi angulata minute sericeo-puberulis, floribus subconfertis saepe secundis, pedicellis gra- 240 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXxv cilibus 3—5 mm. longis glabratis; sepalis papyraceis deltoideo-lanceolatis cir- citer 4.5 X 1.5 mm. acutis, extus sparse puberulo-sericeis, intus oa ae Jsageees submembranaceis ex ungue parvo obovato-cuneatis, 5—6 spe S, 2-3 mm. latis, in segmenta 11-13 lineari-lanceolata obtusa 5 08m longa ior dissectis, margine basim versus minute puberulis, een glabris; disco annulari-pulvinato circiter 0.5 mm, alto superne hirsutulo, obscure hirtellis; ovario breviter sericeo 3- loculari, loculis 4-ovulatis, stvlo subulato 3.5-4 mm. longo glabro; fructibus (unico viso) globoso- ellipsoideis 11 < 9 mm., pericarpio crasso, epicarpio rugulos NETHERLANDS eg GuINEA: 9 km. en Sane of Lake ea alt. about 2800 m., Brass & Versteegh 10496 (tTypE), Nov. 1, 1938 (tree 12 m. high, frequent in mossy- forest; trunk 27 cm. diam.; crown small; bark 6 mm. thick, dark brown, fairly rough; flowers white). Elaeocarpus mundulus is most closely allied to E. azaleifolius Knuth, from which it differs in its longer petioles and longer and proportionately nar- rower leaf-blades, which are somewhat thicker in texture, more convex, and with less obvious crenulations. The flowers of the two species are very similar, those of &. mundulus being slightly the larger in sepals and petals. Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) Brassii Knuth in Rep. Sp. Nov. 48: 73. 1940. British New Guinea: Western Division, Middle Fly River, Lake Daviumbu, Brass 7450 (TYPE COLL.) (tree 10 m. high, common on small pieces of dry ground in marshes; flowers cream-colored), bie 7506 Ces to 25 m. high, plentiful in ie fringing forests of drier lake-s pate stem deeply fluted, rabid with ig lenticellate bark; flowers cream-colored) ; , Oriomo River, alt. , Brass 5802 (A, NY) (tree 10 m. high, in small fh pectic patch on savanna; i. nate shining ; oe bright blue). The species is clearly a member of § Fissipetalum, related to E. poly- dactylus Schlechter; its two ovary-locules contain four ovules each. Brass 7566 has been reported by Knuth as the type collection of an unpublished species, but I fail to find any consequential differences between it and the type of FE. Brassti, from the same locality. The leaf-blades of no. 7566 are slightly narrower than those of no. 7450 and have more ascending nerves and more obvious crenations, but these appear to be minor individual points; in inflorescence the two plants scarcely differ. Brass 5802, a fruiting specimen, precisely matches the type collection in foliage. The fruits are ellipsoid, up to about 15 > 10 mm. when fresh, with a pericarp 3-4 mm. thick and a solitary seed. The epicarp is bright blue and thin, becoming coarsely wrinkled when dry. The endocarp is hard and some- what woody, with inconspicuous irregular lobes. Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) nubigenus Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 120. 1916. 10576 (slender tree 10-15 m. high, common along banks of streams; sepals brown; petals pat unripe fruit green). Britisir NEw GUINEA: So _ Murray Pass, Wharton Range, alt. 2840 m., Brass 4510 (A, NY), 4540 (A, NY), 4545 (A, NY) (straggling pie shrubs or small mee, som cere up to 13 m. high, often common in orests or more frequently on forest-borders; leaf-blades shisled above; branchlets, petioles, leaf-margins and nerves, and rachises red or reddish brown; ia and calyx pale greenish yellow or yellow-brown; petals cream-colored; fruit blue 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 241 The cited specimens can be referred with reasonable confidence to FE. nubigenus, based on Schlechter 18791 from the Bismarck Mts. of North- eastern New Guinea at 2500 m. Naturally a considerable range of dimen- sions is evident in the several available specimens. The leaf-blades were originally described as 6-8 3.2—5 cm., and this is about the average size, but our specimens have leaf-blades up to 10 6.2 cm. (Brass 4510). Schlechter states that the blades are “‘subintegra,” but ours would be better described as definitely crenate, at first spinulosely so, with the crenulations 2 or 3 per centimeter. Our specimens have racemes up to 13 cm. long; the sepals and petals are as described by Schlechter, the latter having 16-18 laciniae. The stamens (lacking in the type collection) are about 13-17 in number, 2—3 mm. long, with short filaments and anthers 1.5—2.3 mm. long and obscurely hispidulous at the blunt apex. The fruits (Brass 4510 and 10576) are ellipsoid, up to 18 % 12 mm. at apparent maturity, with a pericarp 2-3 mm. thick and 1 or 2 seeds; the epicarp is conspicuously rugulose when dry, and the endocarp is thick and irregularly shallowly lobed. Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) Pulleanus O. C. Schmidt in Nova Guin. Bot. 14: 154. pl. 16B, f. 1-8. 1924. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 9 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2900 m., Brass 10640 (tree 5-6 m. high, in disturbed forest on edge of a native rest clearing; leaves stiff, convex; fruit blue). The cited specimen agrees well with the original description of this species, which is based on a collection from the northern slope of the central range of Netherlands New Guinea at 1450-3260 m. altitude. Schmidt describes the leaf-blades as being 4—-5.5 2.6-3.5 cm., but his plate shows a blade up to 6 cm. long. Brass 10640 has the leaf-blades 4-8 cm. long and 2.5—4.5 cm. broad. The flowers of our specimen are mostly immature, but they agree well with those described, except that the ovary appears to be 3- rather than 2-locular. The mature fruits accompanying no. 10640 are ellipsoid, up to 17 * 12 mm., obtuse at base and apiculate at apex. The epicarp is hard and comparatively thick, the mesocarp is sparsely fibrous, and the endocarp is bony, 2—3 mm. thick, and irregularly sulcate; the locule is single and 1-seeded. The species appears to be more closelv related to E. nubigenus Schlechter than to E. polydactylus Schlechter, as suggested by Schmidt. Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) Archboldianus sp. nov. Arbor ad 19 m. alta, ramulis crassis apicem versus ad 5 mm. diametro valde angulatis strigoso-puberulis, mox glabratis, ramulis vetustioribus subteretibus cinereis; petiolis rugulosis crassis canaliculatis cito glabratis 8-17 mm. longis; laminis subcoriaceis in sicco olivaceis obovato- vel ellip- tico-oblongis, 7—13.5 cm . longis, 2.5-6.5 cm. latis, basi subacutis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice obtuse cuspidatis vel rotundatis, margine anguste recurvatis et crenulato-serratis (dentibus 3 vel 4 per centimetrum), supra glabris nitidisque, subtus brunneo-punctatis et costa nervisque primo saepe strigoso-hirtellis cito glabratis, costa supra elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-12 erecto-patentibus anastomosantibus 242 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV supra prominulis subtus valde elevatis et in axillis saepe domatiiferis, rete venularum copiose intricato supra paullo subtus valde prominulo; racemis axillaribus 11-18 cm. longis erectis multifloris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi leviter angulata 1-2 mm. diametro pedicellisque dense tomentello-puberulis demum glabratis, pedicellis saepe curvatis sub anthesi 5-8 mm. longis; sepalis papyraceis acutis deltoideo-lanceolatis, 4.5-5.5 mm. longis, 1.5— 1.8 mm. latis, extus breviter sericeis, intus obscure puberulis glabratis cari- natis; petalia membranaceis basim versus carnoso- incrassatis, obovato- cuneatis, 5—6 mm. longis, 2-3 mm. latis, apice rotundatis et in lacinias 18-36 lineares obtusas 1-2 mm. longas irregulariter fissis, praeter marginem medium versus tomentello-ciliolatum glabris; disco carnoso annulari-pul- vinato 5-lobato circiter 0.8 mm. alto minute “hispidulo staminibus 25-30 erectis 2.5-3 mm. longis, antheris 1.7—2.3 mm. setas 1-3 ad 0.2 mm. longas gerentibus vel ebarbellatis ; ovario conico- merc aries 3-loculari et styli basi breviter sericeis, loculis 4-ovulatis, stylo subulato 2.5—3 mm. longo; rhachi pedicellisque sub fructu valde incrassatis, = o = an wm je) ‘e io) fe) ° x = = a 172) 2 a4 cuspidatis, epicarpio duro crasso, mesocarpio subnullo, endocarpio 2-4 mm. crasso osseo extus profunde et irregulariter sulcato, loculo plerumque unico, semine silage. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. 2300 m., Brass & Versteegh 11127 (TYPE), Nov. 16, 1938 (tree 19 m. high, common in old secondary forest; trunk 38 cm. diam.; crown not wide-spreading; bark 8 mm. thick, black-brown, rough, shallowly urd: outer wood white; inner wood dar rown; flowers white; fruits are Brass 11414 (substage tree 14 m. high, in faga- ceous forest; flowers greenish white). Elaeocar pus pie tec is a species of the relationship of E. nubigenus Schlechter and FE. Pulleanus O. C. Schmidt, poles from both in its larger leaf-blades, longer inflorescences, and ore copiously laciniate petals, from the former also in its thicker and eens pilosulous leaf- blades, and from the latter also in its longer petioles. The petal-segments are 30-36 in the type collection and usually 18-20 in no. 11414, but the plants are otherwise identical. Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) decorus sp. nov. Arbor, ramulis crassis apicem versus valde angulatis 3-6 mm. diametro, juvenilibus dense brunneo-tomentellis, vetustioribus glabratis subteretibus Ci ecto crassis supra complanatis 7-15 mm. longis ut ramulis tomentellis demum glabratis; laminis subcoriaceis siccitate fusco-olivaceis obovato-ellipticis, 10-22 cm. longis, 3.5-8 (-11) cm. latis, basim versus gradatim angustatis et basi in petiolum decurrentibus, apice rotundatis vel late obtusis interdum paullo emarginatis vel minute cuspidatis, margine hirtellis demum subglabratis, costa supra leviter elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 13—20 erecto-patentibus valde anastomosan- tibus supra prominulis subtus peracute elevatis, rete venularum copioso utrinque prominulo; racemis axillaribus vel interdum e ramulis infra folia orientibus sub anthesi 14-22 cm. longis multifloris, pedunculo ad 2 cm longo et rhachi angulata 1-2 mm. diametro pedicellisque arcte tomentellis, 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 243 bracteis oblongo-linearibus obtusis 5-7 mm. longis extus puberulis mox caducis, pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 5-11 mm. longis; sepalis papy- raceis subacutis oblongo-lanceolatis, 3.5-4 mm. longis, 1.2-1.5 mm. latis, extus tomentello-puberulis, intus glabris; petalis membranaceis basim versus paullo incrassatis, anguste oblongo-cuneatis, 5—5.5 mm. longis, 1.7- annulari- pulvinato 5-lobato circiter 0.8 mm. alto dense hispidulo; stamini- bus 14-16 uniseriatis 2.2-3 mm. longis, filamentis gracilibus, antheris 1.7—2 conico- ellipsoideo 3-loculari et styli basi tomentello-puberulis, loculis 4-ovulatis, stylo subulato circiter 3 mm. longo superne glabro; rhachi pedi- cellisque sub fructu paullo incrassatis, fructibus ellipsoideis ad 16 mm., basi et apice rotundatis, epicarpio duro crasso ruguloso, mesocarpio subnullo, endocarpio osseo -4 mm. crasso profunde sulcato, maturitate loculo et semine solitario. NorTHEASTERN NEW GuINEA: Morobe re alt. 1200-1800 m.: Yunzaing, Clemens 2420 (type), Apr. 23, 1936, 3745; Ogeramnang, Clemens 4799 (tree 11 m. high, in forest; fruit blue), 5398; Matap, eee 11165 (tree, the trunk 20-25 cm. ; flower-buds with a dull purplish tinge; petals white); A-mieng, on Yaneng River, tributary of Buso River, Clemens 12323 (sepals pink; petals dull white). The type and no. 12323 bear inflorescences at anthesis, while nos. 3745 and 4799 are in fruit; the remaining collections bear immature inflo- rescences. Although no. 12323 has broader leaf-blades than the other speci- mens, there seems no doubt that all are conspecific. It seems that a plant so common in the Morobe District should have been described, but this well-marked species appears to be without a name. From its closest relatives, E. Pulleanus O. C. Schmidt and FE. Archboldianus (above de- scribed), it differs in its substantially larger leaf-blades with more numer- ous secondary nerves, its fewer stamens, and its comparatively broader fruits; the fruits of both E. Pudleanus and E. Archboldianus are narrower, obtuse at base, and cuspidate or apiculate at apex. Elaeocarpus decorus is further differentiated from EF. Pulleanus by its longer petioles and racemes, and from E. Archboldianus by its less copiously laciniate petals. Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) arfakensis Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 118. 1916. This species, based on Gjellerup 1198 from the Arfak Mts. of Nether- lands New Guinea, was inadequately described, but nevertheless it must be considered validly published because of Schlechter’s notes. It is said to differ from the other species of § Fissipetalum in its thickly tomentellous lower leaf-surfaces. Kanehira & Hatusima 14031 and 14072, also from the Arfak Mts., are probably correctly referred to E. arfakensis by the collectors, although, in the absence of an adequate description and without consultation of an isotype, such identification is open to question. Jer — p 5 5 Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) alpestris sp. nov. Arbor ad 25 m. alta dense foliata, ramulis subteretibus apicem versus 3-5 mm. diametro densissime brunneo-tomentello-velutinis, ramulis vetus- tioribus demum cinereis glabratisque; petiolis crassis 2-7 mm. longis ut ramulis dense tomentellis; laminis coriaceis in sicco fuscis ellipticis vel 244 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV obovato-ellipticis, 2.5—6 cm. longis, 1.7—3.8 cm. latis, basi et apice rotundatis vel late obtusis, margine leviter recurvatis et dentibus 2—5 per centimetrum serrulatis, supra primo cano-sericeis cito glabratis, subtus densissime brunneo- tomentello-velutinis demum interdum subglabratis, costa supra leviter elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5—7 erecto- patentibus supra leviter subtus conspicue elevatis, rete venularum utrinque prominulo subtus indumento occulto; racemis axillaribus suberectis angustis 15~20-floris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi subteretibus robustis 4-7 cm. longis cum bracteis pedicellisque ut ramulis densissime tomentellis, bracteis lanceo- latis acutis ad 7 mm. longis mox caducis, pedicellis saepe reflexis sub anthesi 3-5 mm. longis; sepalis tenuiter carnosis oblongo-lanceolatis, 3—4.5 mm. longis, 1.2—1.5 mm. latis, acutis, extus dense et arcte tomentellis, intus carinatis et sericeo- paceery? vel glabratis: petalis membranaceis obovato- cuneatis, 3.5-5 mm. longis, 2-2.5 mm. latis, in segmenta 14-20 filiformia obtusa subaequalia circiter 1 mm. ran laciniatis, margine puberulo epee glabris vel extus basim versus sparse sericeis; disco continuo 5-lobat 0.4-0.6 mm, alto copiose brunneo-hispidulo; staminibus 14-20 ate 2.5 mm. longis, filamentis gracilibus circiter 0.7 mm. longis glabris, antheris 1.5-1.8 mm. longis ubique obscure hispidulo- -papillosis apice obtusis et setas 1-3 minutas interdum gerentibus; ovario ovoideo 3-loculari et styli he copiose brunneo-sericeis, loculis 4-ovulatis, 7 subulato 1.5—2 mm longo superne glabro; pedicellis sub fructu ad 1 cm ongis ; fructibus coria- ceis ellipsoideis maturitate ad 18 X 13 mm. | pericarpio 3—4 mm. crasso, epicarpio duro ruguloso, mesocarpio submullo, endocarpio osseo ruguloso et leviter sulcato, loculo unico, semine solitar NETHERLANDS New GuINnrEA: Lake Habbema, - 3225 m., Brass 9092 (TYPE), Aug. 1938 (densely foliaged tree 4-10 m. high, plentiful in closed forest and sometimes in the taller mossy thickets of peat ridges; petals white; mature fruit blue), hel Myer-Drees 10434 (tree 8 m. high, in forest; trunk 31 cm. diam. [sterile]) ; 9 km. i of Lake Habbema, alt. 2900 m., Brass & Versteegh 10460 (tree about ‘ m. high, rare in mossy-forest; trunk 45 cm dani crown very small, dark; bark 16 mm. thick, black, rough; outer wood white; inner wood brown; flowers pale yellow). Among described species, E. alpestris is to be compared only with E. arfakensis Schlechter, with which it has in common densely tomentellous leaves and inflorescences and a type of flower suggesting § Fissipetalum, with 4-ovulate ovary-locules. The only definite statement about the flow- ers of E. arfakensis given by Schlechter indicates that the petals have about 10 segments; those of E. alpestris have 14-20 segments. If the Kanehira and Hatusima specimens mentioned above are correctly referred to E. arfakensis, that species further differs from £. alpestris in its smaller and less obviously toothed leaves with closer tomentum. Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) dasycarpus sp. nov. Arbor ad 16 m. alta dense foliata, ramis ramulisque subteretibus, ramulis juvenilibus circiter 2.5 mm. diametro densissime brunneo-tomentello-velu- tinis, ramulis vetustioribus glabratis; foliis confertis, petiolis inconspicuis 1-2 mm. longis ut ramulis tomentellis anguste alats, laminis coriaceis in sicco fuscis ellipticis, 1.5—3.5 cm. longis, 1-2 cn latis, basi obtusis et in petiolum decurrentibus, apice rotundatis vel late sbi. margine dentibus —8 per centimetrum obscure spinuloso-serrulatis, supra glabris vel cito glabratis, subtus indumento ferrugineo arcto dense tomentellis, costa supra 1944 | SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 245 leviter subtus valde elevata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-9 brevibus patentibus supra subplanis subtus elevatis, rete venularum supra immerso subtus prominulo vel indumento occulto; racemis axillaribus sub alabastro 3—4 cm. longis ut videtur circiter 10- floris, rhachi robusta leviter angulata et bracteis pedicellisque densissime tomentellis, bracteis lanceolato-ellipticis circiter 6 mm. longis mox caducis, pedicellis visis circiter 2 mm. longis; flori- bus eis E. alpestris similibus, sepalis in alabastro ad 4.5 X 2 mm., segmentis petalorum circiter 20, staminibus circiter 25, antheris 1.7—2 mm. longis, ovario etiam 3-loculari et loculis 4-ovulatis; inflorescentiis sub fructu valde incrassatis, pedicellis ad 6 mm. longis et ‘dia metro; fructibus area solitariis coriaceis obovoideo- ccpinres maturitate ad 5.5 4.8 c¢ pericarpio crassissimo, epicarpio tenui ruguloso, mesocarpio 1.5-2 mm. crasso fibroso, endocarpio lignoso 10-12 mm. crasso lacunis parvis hinc inde pervaso extus disperse scrobiculato, loculis 2 (vel interdum 1?), semine in quoque loculo solitario elongato utrinque subacuto. British NEw GuINnEA: Central Division, Murray Pass, Wharton Range, alt. 2840 thick stiff peduncles, bluish green, the putamen hard and pitted; native name: oriso [Kuama dialect ]). Elaeocar pus dasycar pus is closely allied to E. alpestris (described above), from which it differs in its subsessile leaf-blades, which are smaller, more finely and copiously serrulate, more closely tomentellous beneath, and with more immersed venation. Although only immature inflorescences of E. dasycarpus have been seen, it is probable that they will prove to be shorter and with fewer flowers than those of E. alpestris, while the sepals appear to be slightly broader and the stamens more numerous. Apparently mature fruits of both species are available, those of E. dasycarpus being much the larger and with a very thick hard pitted endocarp. From E. arfakensts Schlechter, the new species differs in its more copi- ously fimbriate petals and doubtless in other characters, an analysis of which must await examination of the type of E. arfakensis Elaeocarpus (§ Fissipetalum) sericoloides sp. nov. Arbor ad 30 m. alta, ramulis subteretibus fuscis juventute puberulis demum glabratis; foliis saepe oppositis vel aeons interdum alter- nantibus, petiolis gracilibus canaliculatis puberulis 1-3 mm. longis, laminis chartaceis glabris (vel costa substrigosis) ovato- ‘elliptic | 4— 7 cm. longis, 1.5—3 cm. latis, basi rotundatis vel late obtusis, ad apicem obtusum gradatim acuminatis, margine inconspicue crenulato- serratis (dentibus 2—4 per centi- metrum), costa supra leviter subtus valde elevata, nervis lateralibus utrin- secus 5—8 patentibus anastomosantibus et rete venularum intricato utrinque prominulis; racemis axillaribus sub anthesi 2—4 cm. longis, pedunculo brevi et rhachi gracili pedicellisque minute cano-puberulis, floribus bracteis mem- branaceis era caducis 2~3 mm. longis subtentis, pedicellis gracilli- mis sub anthesi 3-8 mm. longis; sepalis membranaceis glabris ovato- deltoideis, 35-4 mm. longis, circiter 1.7 mm. latis, acutis; petalis mem- branaceis glabris obovato-cuneatis, 3.5—4 mm. longis, circiter 1.5 mm. latis, dimidio superiore segmentis 10-12 linearibus obtusis regulariter laciniatis; disco continuo annulari-pulvinato circiter 0.5 mm. alto 5-crenulato minute 246 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV velutino ; staminibus 12 vel 13 erectis 2—2.5 mm. longis, filamentis gracili- u minute setulosis apice obscure mucronulatis; ovario glabro subgloboso 3-loculari, loculis 4-ovulatis, stylo subulato circiter 1.5 mm. longo; fructi- bus globosis 25-32 mm. diametro, epicarpio tenui fragili, mesocarpio ut videtur carnoso, endocarpio duro crasso lignoso processibus numerosis irregularibus 4— 8 mm. longis profunde lobato, semine parvo solitario. NETHERLANDS New GuINEA: 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, alt. 1000-1230 m., Brass & Versteegh 12558 (typE), Feb. 22, 1939, 13110 (trees 30 m. high, rare in primary forest, on the slope of a ridge [72558] or along a small stream [13110]; crown not wide-spreading; bark 8 mm. thick, gray or brown, fairly smooth or fairly rough; wood white; flowers white). At first glance this plant may be taken for a species of Sericolea, because of the predominantly opposite or subopposite leaves and the narrow small- flowered racemes. However, the continuous disk and the laciniate petals preclude this disposition, while the fruit is clearly of Elaeocarpus. This species demonstrates that Elaeocarpus may include species with opposite leaves, a fact that does not greatly weaken the status of Sericolea, which is well-characterized by its disk, petals, and fruit. The new species is placed in § Fissipetalum with hesitation, its fruit, with unusually long and irregu- lar endocarpic processes, being quite different from that of other species of the section. The floral characters are excellent for § Fissipetalum and in this respect E. sericoloides is suggestive of E. polydactylus Schlechter, E. azaleifolius Knuth, and their allies, differing in obvious foliage char- acters, its setulose- pubescent anthers, glabrous ovary, etc. It is possible that E. sericoloides should be placed alone 4 in an anomalous section. 6. § OREOCARPUS Elaeocarpus § Oreocarpus Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 127. 1916. This small section was founded by Schlechter with five species, but one of these, E. sterrophyllus Schlechter, according to the few inadequate notes, has a 5-loculed ovary and is thus aberrant in the section. In the remaining species the ovary is bilocular and they seem correctly placed together; selection of a lectotype must be arbitrary. Since E. populneus Schlechter is the only species fully described in his treatment, I suggest taking this as the lectotype of the section. Since Schlechter’s work the following species have been described which are referable to § Oreocarpus: E. sogerensis Bak. f., E. de Bruyn O. C. Schmidt, E. populneoides Knuth, and E. patens Knuth; the last of these is discussed below as a synonym of E, viscosus Warb alee (§ Oreocarpus) viscosus Warb. in Bot. Jahrb. 18: 201. 1893; K. Schum. erb. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 432. 1901; Steere in Bot. Jahrb. 54: - 1916 Elaeocarpus patens Knuth in Rep. Sp. Nov. 48: 77. 1940, syn. nov NoRTHEASTERN New GuINEA: Morobe District: Sattelberg, Wi 1050-1200 m., Clemens 1062 (large tree, in forested hills; trunk 30-60 cm. diam.; flower cream- colored) ; Ogeramnang, alt. about 1750 m., Clemens 5149 (type coll. of E. patens). Clemens 1062, a flowering specimen from the type locality, agrees pre- cisely with the description of EZ. viscosus in all respects, including floral 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 247 dimensions, except that the sepals are Seance puberulent without when young and) are soon glabrate rather than . . extus appresse sericeo- pubescentibus ...” The fruiting specimen cited above, the type collection of E. patens, apree precisely with no. 1062 in vegetative characters. The viscid nature of the young branchlets and inflorescence, emphasized by Warburg and Schlechter, is apparently reflected in dried specimens by the shining surfaces of these parts. Scattered immersed ey glands are also perceptible on the young branchlets, pedicels, and sepals. Ridley (in Trans. Linn. Soc. I. Bot. 9: 21. 1916) has reported E. viscosus from the southern slopes of Mt. Carstensz, Netherlands New Guinea. Elaeocarpus (§ Oreocarpus) populneoides Knuth in Rep. Sp. Nov. 48: 78. 1940. British New GurInea: Western Division: Lake Daviumbu, middle Fly River, Brass 7865 (TYPE COLL.) (common canopy tree in rain-forest; trunk flanged at base; bark thin, brown, marked with slight solar ridges; flowers white, sweet-scented) ; Tarara, Wassi Kussa River, Brass 8705 (tree 8 m. high, in gallery rain-forest; bark close, gray, the inner bark green). This species, based on the above-cited specimens, was described by Knuth without indication of relationship. Its ovary is glabrous and bilocular, each locule being 10-ovulate; thus it doubtless belongs in $ Oreocar pus, where it seems closest to E. populneus Schlechter, a position doubtless implied by Knuth in his choice of an epithet. Several important details, which are not brought out in the original description, separate E. popul- neoides from Schlechter’s species; for instance, the racemes are 7-14- flowered rather than 4—7-flowered, the laciniae of the petals are 25—30 rather than 12-15, and the stamens are about 35 in number rather than about 15. meanest (§ Oreocarpus) culminicola Warb. in Bot. Jahrb. 16: 23. 1892; K. Schum. & erb. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 432. 1901; Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. o4: ie 1916 NorTHEASTERN New Gurnea: Morobe District, Busu, alt. 1800-2400 m., Clemens fruit smooth, up to 25 x 15 mm.), Brass 5016 (A, NY) (weak bush or erage: ie 2-3 m. high, in undergrowth of forest; young growth red; leaf-margins and midribs above very pale; pedicels and calyx brownish pink; petals cream-colored; fruit smooth, blue-green, about 2 cm. long). The above-cited specimens are referred to E. culminicola with reasonable confidence, as they agree with the original description in such essential details as the entire and prominently veined leaf-blades, few-flowered inflorescences, comparatively large flowers, and pilose long-awned stamens. The type collection, from the Finisterre Mts. of Northeastern New Guinea at 2300 m. altitude, consists of sparse and inferior material, according to Schlechter. Therefore it is not surprising that the ample material now available discloses that the specific concept needs amplification. The species appears remarkably variable in the size of its parts; even on the 248 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxV same specimen the petiole may vary from 8 to 40 mm. in length, the leaf- blades being 8-19 2.5-7 cm. The dimensions given by Warburg are similar to those of the smaller leaves available to me. The inflorescences are 3-8 cm. long and 5—12-flowered. The pedicels vary from 15 to 35 mm. in length, and mature flowers are larger than those described by Warburg, with sepals 16-19 2-3.5 mm., petals 17-29 x 7-10 mm. and laciniate into 20-26 segments which are 4-6 mm. long, about 25 stamens with fila- ments 2—2.5 mm. long, and a style 12-13 mm. long. The anther-dimensions given by Warburg are about correct. The ovary is glabrous and 2-locular, each locule being 8—-12-ovulate. 7. § BLEPHAROCERAS Elaeocarpus § Blepharoceras Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 129. 1916. In basing § Blepharoceras upon three species, Schlechter remarks that its limits are not entirely satisfactory. One of the three original species, E. orohensis Schlechter, definitely represents § Ganitrus, and as such it has been discussed above. The two remaining species, E. blepharoceras Schlechter (the type species of the section) and E. coloides Schlechter, are quite different in vegetative characters, but they agree in the fundamental floral characters; as thus delimited the section appears quite recognizable and useful, although perhaps not natural. Since Schlechter’s work two other species have been proposed which are referable to § Blepharoceras: E. ihuensis O. C. Schmidt and E. filiformi- dentatus Knuth. The first of these certainly belongs here and the second probably, although I have not seen material of it and the description lacks verifying details of the ovary-structure. A new species related to E. blepharoceras is described below, and I also propose to add to § Blepharoceras a group of five montane species (E. latescens F. vy. Muell. and four new species) which differ sharply from other members of the section in having the lower leaf-surfaces and inflorescences densely tomentellous. These five species form a closely knit group which, in Schlechter’s system, can be referred only to § Blepharoceras, although in appearance the plants do not suggest this section. Actually, they bear a much closer superficial resemblance to certain species of § Fissipetalum (E. arfakensis, E. alpestris, and E. dasycarpus, discussed above) than to any species of § Blepharoceras, but in floral characters these two groups of tomentellous-leaved species do not seem closely related. If floral char- acters are to be used as the principal basis of sectional grouping in Elaeo- carpus, as seems most practical, it thus becomes necessary to place in widely separated sections two species-groups which are vegetatively quite similar. A further relationship should be noted between EF. latescens and its four close allies on the one hand and certain species of § Coilopetalum (e. g. E. fuscus Schlechter and FE. fuscoides Knuth) on the other. These two species have all the characters of § Coilopetalum except for their copiously tomentellous leaves and inflorescences, in which they suggest the above-mentioned members of § Blepharoceras. The complex inter-relation- ship of the species of Elaeocar pus is here well illustrated. 1944 ] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 249 As now constituted, § Blepharoceras consists of ten species, of which five are described as new in the present treatment. The fruits of only four species (E. tafaensis, E. erianthus, E. latescens, and E. whartonensis) of $ Blepharoceras are thus far known. Although widely divergent in size, these fruits agree in having an unusally dry and strongly fibrous mesocarp. The significance of this as a sectional character is as yet doubtful. Elaeocarpus (§ Blepharoceras) tafaensis sp. nov. Arbor dense foliata ad 25 m. alta, ramulis gracilibus juventute angulatis cano-sericeo-puberulis demum subteretibus cinereis glabratis; foliis apicem ramulorum versus confertis, petiolis gracilibus supra complanatis dense sericeis glabratisve (5—) 10-18 mm. longis, laminis subcoriaceis in sicco fuscis obovato-ellipticis, (4—) 6-9 cm. longis, (1.5—) 2-4 cm. latis, basi acutis et in petiolum gradatim decurrentibus, in apicem 2—5 mm. longum abrupte cuspidatis, margine anguste recurvatis et integris vel inconspicue undulato- crenatis, supra praecipue costa nervisque primo sericeis cito glabratis, subtus dense et persistenter pallido-brunneo-sericeis, costa supra paullo elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 5—8 adscendentibus supra leviter subtus peracute elevatis, rete venularum intricato supra prominulo subtus indumento occulto: racemis axillaribus patentibus gracilibus laxis sub anthesi 6-9 cm. longis 8—15-floris, pedunculo et rhachi 0.7-1 mm diametro pedicellisque primo sericeo-puberulis mox glabratis, bracteis parvis caducis, pedicellis striatis sub anthesi 11-15 mm. longis, alabastris anguste conicis, 8-11 mm. longis, circiter 2 mm. latis, acutis; sepalis submembrana- ceis lanceolatis, 12-13 mm. longis, basi 2-2.5 mm. latis deinde ad apicem subacutum gradatim angustatis, utrinque minute pallido-sericeis glabra- tisque, intus carinatis; petalis membranaceis oblongis, 13-17 mm. longis, 2-3 mm. latis, extus glabris, intus infra medium praecipue margine et carina prominente copiose pallido-tomentellis, in segmenta 15-35 filiformia apice obtusa et paullo incrassata 2-4 mm. longa irregulariter laciniatis; disco annulari-pulvinato 1.2-1.5 mm. alto, irregulariter sulcato, apice crenulato, minute hispidulo; staminibus 15-20 uniseriatis erectis gracilibus 7-9 mm. longis, filamentis glabris 2.5-3 mm. longis, antheris arista copiose hispidula 1-1.5 mm. longa excepta 3.5—4.5 mm. longis obscure sericeis; ovario ellip- soideo 3-loculari et styli basi copiose sericeis, loculis 6(raro 4-)-ovulatis, stylo subulato 11-12 mm. longo superne glabro; rhachi pedicellisque sub fructu incrassatis, fructibus subglobosis 30-42 mm. diametro, epicarpio tenui sublevi, mesocarpio conspicue fibroso 5-10 mm. crasso, endocarpio osseo 1-3 mm. crasso ut videtur sine processibus, loculis 3 vel abortu 1 vel 2. Britiso New Guinea: Central Division, Mt. Tafa, alt. 2300-2350 m., Brass 4102 (A, TYPE, NY), May 27, 1933 (dense-foliaged tree up to 25 m. high, one of the Jargest mossy-forest trees; bark dark, furrowed, scaly; wood hard, yellowish; leaf-blades convex, dark green and glossy above, pale brown and shining beneath; peduncles, pedi- cels, and calyces reddish; petals pale yellow; anthers pale purple; stvle yellow), Brass 5058 (A, NY), Sept. 17, 1933 (dense-foliaged tree 10-15 m. high, common in substage of tall forests; leaf-blades convex, thinly pale-pubescent above, brown-silky-pubescent beneath; pedicels and sepals reddish brown; petals pale green, fruit glaucous-green, apparently not quite mature, up to 42 x 40 mm.). Elaeocar pus tafaensis appears to be closely related to E. blepharoceras Schlechter, from the Sepik region of Northeastern New Guinea at about 1000 m. altitude. As Schlechter’s type had only immature flowers, a com- 250 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. Xxv parison of the two plants cannot be entirely satisfactory, but it seems likely that the new species has substantially larger flowers than E. blepharoceras. The pedicels of Schlechter’s species, from not wholly mature flowers, are said to be 4 mm. long, and the sepals are 5 mm. long, whereas even the buds of E. tafaensis have dimensions exceeding these. The petals of the new species are copiously tomentellous within rather than merely “. . . marginibus medio barbellata, caeterum subglabra.” In foliage, F. tafaensis has the leaf-blades obovate rather than elliptic, definitely broadest above the middle, merely cuspidate rather than acuminate at apex, and with the margins essentially entire. The fact that the ovary-locules of E. tafaensis are sometimes 4-ovulate suggests § Fissipetalum. However, as now constituted, § Fissipetalum has much smaller flowers (petals not exceeding 6 mm. in length), with erostrate anthers. Therefore I place E. tafaensis in § Blepharoceras, but it should be noted that the line between the two sections is not entirely satisfactory. Both the cited numbers are accompanied by fruits, which are remarkable for their thick and fibrous mesocarp, somewhat similar to that of the fruits of Aceratium., Elaeocarpus (§ Blepharoceras) coloides Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 130. 1916. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: a slope of Gautier Mts., alt. about 400 m., Gjellerup 898 (TYPE COLL.), Nov. Elaeocarpus coloides Teale oe the floral characters which Schlechter intended to include in his § Blepharoceras, although in vegetative char- acters it is not very suggestive of E. hlepharoceras Schlechter. The closest ally of EF. coloides is E. thuensis O. C. Schmidt, as pointed out by Schmidt (in Jour. Arnold Arb. 10: 80, 1929). As Schlechter’s original publication of E. coloides consists of only a few brief notes, I herewith re-describe the species from an isotype. Frutex 4 m. altus ubique partibus juvenilibus sparse puberulis et florum partibus exceptis glaber, ramulis subteretibus cinereis apicem versus 3—5 mm. diametro; petiolis rectis leviter canaliculatis 2-3 cm. longis basi et apice incrassatis: laminis chartaceis anguste obovato- ellipticis, 10-17 cm longis, 4-6 cm _ latis, basi obtusis, apice in acuminem ad 1 cm. lo ongum cuspidatis, margine inconspicue et remote serrulato-crenulatis, costa utrin- que prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-11 arcuato- adscendentibus supra prominulis subtus peracute elevatis, rete venularum intricato utrinque leviter prominulo; racemis gracilibus ad 5 cm. longis circiter 8—12-floris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi gracili pedicellisque obscure puberulis glabratis, bracteis oblongis cuspidatis circiter 1 mm. longis, pedicellis sub anthesi ~7 mm. longis; sepalis subcarnosis lanceolatis, circiter 7 mm. longis et 1.7 mm. ‘latis, subacutis, extus glabris, intus cano-puberulis; petalis mem- branaceis ubique glabris oblongo-cuneatis, 8-9 mm. longis, 3—4 mm. latis, 3-lobatis, in segmenta 12-17 breves irregulariter laciniatis; disco annulari circiter 0.7 mm, alto superne puberulo; staminibus 25-30 erectis 3.5—3.8 mm, i ee filamentis glabris, antheris ubique setuloso- puberulis circiter mm. longis apiculo brevi (ad 0.3 mm. longo) excepto; ovario sericeo 2-loculari. loculis ut videtur 8-ovulatis, sae deciduo. 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 251 Elaeocarpus (§ Blepharoceras) trichophyllus sp. nov. glabris vel mox glabratis, subtus densissime et persistenter ferrugineo- tomentellis, costa supra elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrin- secus 6-11 patentibus in dentibus marginis exeuntibus supra prominulis subtus prominentibus in axillis saepe obscure domatiiferis, rete venularum intricato utrinque leviter prominulo vel subtus indumento occulto; racemis axillaribus suberectis 7-12 cm. longis plerumque 10—18-floris, pedunculo subtereti 1-2 cm. longo et rhachi leviter angulata pedicellisque densissime ferrugineo-tomentellis, pedicellis curvatis sub anthesi 10-15 mm. longis, alabastris ovoideis breviter cuspidatis; sepalis tenuiter carnosis lanceolatis, 8-9 mm. longis, 2.5-3 mm. latis, extus copiose tomentellis, intus breviter sericeis, margine incrassato farinoso-puberulis; petalis membranaceis late obovato-cuneatis, 10-12 mm. longis, 8-10 mm. latis, apice profunde 3-5S- lobatis etiam in segmenta 35-45 lanceolata acuta 2-4 mm. longa irregu- lariter fimbriatis, utrinque copiose sericeis (pilis intus brevioribus) ; disci lobis 5 reniformi-oblongis copiose hispidis, circiter 1 mm. altis et 2 mm. longis; staminibus circiter 45 erectis 4.5—5.5 mm. longis, filamentis gracili- bus 1—-1.5 mm. longis glabris vel obscure hispidulis, antheris ubique hispidu- loso-papillosis arista subulata erecta 1.5—2 mm. longa excepta 2-2.5 mm. longis; ovario ovoideo 2-loculari dense sericeo, loculis 10-ovulatis, stylo subulato glabro circiter 4 mm. longo. NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: Bele River, 18 km. northeast of Lake Habbema, alt. Elacocarpus trichophyllus is the first of a group of five montane species with tomentellous lower leaf-surfaces and inflorescences, referred to § Blepharoceras because of a similarity of essential floral characters rather than because of any habital resemblance. The complex relationships of this group are discussed above under the sectional name. Elaeocarpus (§ Blepharoceras) erianthus sp. nov. Arbor ad 8 m. alta vel ultra, ramulis subteretibus apicem versus 2.5—4 mm. diametro densissime ferrugineo- vel canescenti-tomentellis demum cinereis glabratisque; petiolis validis 5-8 mm. longis ut ramulis tomentellis; laminis coriaceis oblongo-ellipticis, 2.5-5 cm. longis, 1.5—4 cm. latis, basi subcordatis vel rotundatis, apice rotundatis vel late obtusis, margine denti- bus 5-7 per centimetrum obscure calloso-serrulatis, supra in sicco olivaceis primo puberulis demum costa tomentella excepta glabratis, subtus densis- sime ferrugineo- vel demum cano-tomentellis, costa supra elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-8 patentibus in dentibus mar- ginis exeuntibus supra immersis vel impressis subtus valde elevatis, rete venularum supra immerso subtus inconspicue prominulo; racemis axillari- bus suberectis 4-7 cm. longis circiter 10-floris, pedunculo 1-2.5 cm. longo 252 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XxV et rhachi subteretibus pedicellisque copiose tomentellis, pedicellis curvatis validis 6-9 mm. longis, alabastris ovoideis obtusis; sepalis carnosis acutis ovato-lanceolatis, 7-8 mm. longis, circiter 3 mm. latis, extus dense tomen- tellis, intus carinatis et breviter sericeis; petalis late obovato-cuneatis, 7-8 mm. longis, 4-6 mm. latis, utrinque dense sericeis, saepe concavis vel margine anguste involutis, apice in segmenta 30-40 lanceolata acuta 1-1.5 mm. longa irregulariter fimbriatis; disci lobis 5 late oblongis circiter 1 < 2 mm. copiose sericeis; staminibus 40-50 erectis 4-4.5 mm. longis, filamentis gracilibus subteretibus glabris 0.8-1 mm. longis, antheris minute hispidulo- papillosis arista subulata erecta vel reflexa 1.5—1.8 mm. longa excepta 1.7—2 mm. longis; ovario ovoideo 2-loculari dense sericeo-hispidulo, loculis 12-ovulatis, stylo subulato glabro circiter 2 mm. longo; fructibus ovoideis ad 12 X 9mm., pericarpio 2-3 mm. crasso, epicarpio tenui ruguloso, mes carpio conspicue fibroso, endocarpio osseo extus leviter et irregulariter sulcato, loculo unico, semine solitario. British New Guinea: Central Division, Murray Pass, Wharton Range, alt. 2840 m., Brass 4537 (A, NY) (tree 7-8 m. high, abundant in forests on south side of pass; crown dense, rounded, composed of short stiff branches; leaves very stiff, pale brown beneath; fruit bluish green), Brass 4767 (NY, type), Aug. 8, 1933 (large dense-crowned forest tree; only one flowering specimen found). Elaeocarpus erianthus is closely related to the preceding new species, E. trichophyllus, from which it differs in its smaller leaf-blades, which are more finely serrulate and have the secondaries and veinlets immersed rather than prominulous above, its shorter pedicels, and its smaller floral parts. The petals of FE. erianthus are fimbriate with comparatively short segments and are not divided into lobes, as are those of E. trichophyllus. O- Elaeocarpus (§ Blepharoceras) eximius sp. nov. Arbor ad 30 m., alta, ramulis subteretibus apicem versus 2.5—3 mm. diametro primo cano-tomentellis vel laxe squamulosis mox glabratis, anno- ellipticis, (S—) 7-10 cm. longis, (3—) 4—5.5 cm. latis, ad basim obtusum apicem ramulorum versus axillaribus vel in ramulis brevibus 2 vel 3 agegre- gatis 5-9 cm. longis 8-14-floris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi angulata pedi- disci lobis 5 carnosis late oblongis circiter 0.8 * 1.3 mm. dense sericeis; staminibus 30-35 ubique minute hispidulis 4.5—5.5 mm, longis, filamentis 1944 | SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 293 gracilibus subteretibus 2—2.5 mm. longis, antheris arista erecta subulata 1.2-1.5 mm. longa excepta 1.2—1.5 mm. longis; ovario ovoideo 2-loculari et styli basi copiose sericeis, loculis 10-ovulatis, stylo subulato 2.5-3 mm. longo superne glabro; fructibus immaturis ellipsoideis ad 10 * 8 mm. dense tomentellis demum forsan glabratis, epicarpio ruguloso. British New Guinea: Central Division, Mt. Tafa, alt. 2400 m., Brass 4954 (A, tyPE, NY), Sept. 2, 1933 (tree to 30 m. high, with rather open crown of pale scurfy foliage, pale slightly scaly bark, and white wood; one of the commonest and most striking trees in the sheltered valley forests; flowers pale brown). Closely related to the two preceding new species (F. trichophyllus and E. erianthus), E. eximius differs from them in its somewhat canescent and scurfy tomentum, obtuse or subacute leaf-bases, narrower perianth-seg- ments, less copiously fimbriate petals, and longer filaments. In eaf- venation, the new species resembles E. trichophyllus more closely than E. erianthus. Elaeocarpus (§ Blepharoceras) latescens F. v. Muell. in Trans. Roy. Soc. Vict. 1(2): 2. 1889; Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 143. 1916. British New Guinea: Central Division, Mt. Tafa, alt. 2350-2400 m., Brass 4078 (A, NY) (compact small tree or tall shrub of erect branching habit, in small patch of burnt-over mossy-forest; leaf-blades brown beneath; sepals brown; petals paler brown, with whitish tips), Brass 4896 (A, NY) (tree 10-15 m. high, with compact rounded crown, common in forests; leaf-blades gray underneath when old, brown in young stages; flowers pale yellow-brown). Elaeocarpus latescens is based on a collection made by MacGregor on the Musgrave Range, and the original description, although inadequate in detail and lacking dimensions, indicates that a species with the leaf- blades rounded at apex and closely brown-tomentellous beneath is repre- sented. In attempting to match this description among the plants collected by Brass in the nearby Wharton Range and the Mt. Tafa region, I conclude that nos. 4078 and 4896 best represent Mueller’s concept. In all essential characters these collections agree with Mueller’s description, whereas the species which I describe above as E. dasycarpus, E. erianthus, and E. eximius each have several features which are less well suited to the descrip- tion. Furthermore, nos. 4078 and 4896 bear a striking resemblance to the plate of E. coriaceus (in Hook. Ic. Pl. 2: pl. 154. 1837) which, according to Mueller, “approaches in form of leaves and in several other character- istics to this Papuan subalpine species.” Schlechter saw no material of E. latescens and did not attempt to place the species. If correctly interpreted by me, it is clearly related to the three new species described above (E. trichophyllus, E. erianthus, and E. eximius), differing from them in the closer and somewhat farinose tomentum of the lower leaf-surfaces and inflorescences, the smaller floral ; ) tinis glabratis cinereis; petiolis gracilibus 4-10 mm. longis primo tomentellis cito glabratis; laminis coriaceis obovato-ellipticis, (2—) 3-5 cm. longis, (1.3—) 2-3 cm. latis. basi obtusis vel subacutis, apice rotundatis vel sub- 254 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV truncatis, margine dentibus 4-6 per centimetrum obscure calloso-serrulatis, supra in sicco olivaceis costa interdum tomentella excepta glabris, subtus densissime et arcte ferrugineo-tomentellis, costa supra leviter elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 4 vel 5 suberectis supra subplanis subtus valde elevatis, rete venularum intricato supra obscure prominulo subtus indumento occulto; racemis axillaribus suberectis 3-9 cm. longis 10—17-floris, pedunculo ad 2 cm. longo demum subglabrato, rhachi gracili et bracteis pedicellisque densissime ferrugineo-tomentellis, bracteis lanceo- latis 3—4 mm. longis mox caducis, pedicellis gracilibus curvatis sub anthesi 5-7 mm. longis, alabastris ovoideis obtuse se ares cage papyraceis acutis oblongo-lanceolatis, 4.5-—6 mm. longis, 1.3-1.5 mm. latis, extus ut pedicello tomentellis, intus minute sericeis; petalis seat a obovato- cuneatis, 5-7 mm. longis, 2.5-3.5 m - latis, extus dense sericeis, intus sparse sericeis glabratisve, apice in sieeanen 12-25 lanceolata acuta 1-2 m. longa irregulariter fimbriatis; disci lobis 5 subreniformibus vel late oblongis circiter 0.5 > 0.7 mm. conspicue sericeis interdum bilobatis; staminibus 20-25 ubique obscure hispidulo-papillosis 3-3.5 mm. longis, filamentis gracilibus hig pelea 1.2-1.7 mm. longis, antheris arista in- conspicua 0.3-0.5 m longa excepta 1—-1.3 mm. longis; ovario ovoideo 2-loculari et styli basi copiose brunneo-sericeis, loculis 8-ovulatis, stylo mene 2—2.5 mm. longo superne glabro; fructibus oo ellipsoideis 10 X 8 mm., basi et apice Sees pericarpio 2—3 mm. crasso, epi- carpio tenul ruguloso, mesocarpio ad 1 mm. crasso fibroso, ee Pie ‘duro inconspicue sulcato, loculo unico, semine i. videtur solitario. Elaeocarpus (§ Blepharoceras) whartonensis sp. nov. Arbor ad 7 m. alta dense foliata, ramulis teretibus, hornotinis 1.5—2 mm diametro dense ferrugineo- vel cano-tomentellis, annotinis fusco-cinereis glabratis; petiolis gracilibus 9-15 mm. longis tomentellis demum ewes laminis coriaceis convexis ovato- ellipticis, (3.5-) 4-7 cm. longis, 2-4 cm latis, basi late obtusis, apice in acuminem 3—6 mm. longum angustatis, mar- gine recurvatis et dentibus 3-5 per centimetrum calloso-serrulatis, supra olivaceis mox glabratis, subtus indumento arcto ferrugineo dense indutis, costa supra elevata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-11 tenuiter carnosis acutis a eer 6-7 mm. ing 1. 53. latis, extus ut pedicello tomentellis, intus valde carinatis et breviter sericeis; peta alis submembranaceis oblongo- cuneatis, 6-7 mm. longis, 2—3 mm. latis, utrinque copiose sericeis, apice in segmenta 10-16 lanceolata acuta circiter submaturis ellipsoideis ad 14 xX 10 mm., basi rotundatis, apice styli basi apiculatis, pericarpio eo FE. latescentis simili, loculis saepe 2, seminibus in quoque loculo solitariis. 1944 | SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 255 British New Gurnea: Central Division, Murray Pass, Wharton Range, alt. 2840 m., Brass 4559 (A, TyPE, NY), July 19, 1933 (dense-foliaged small tree 5-7 m. high, mon in forests; leaves convex, stiff, dull green above, pale brown beneath; sepals, pedicels, and rachises dark brown; petals pale brown; fruits green-blue). Elaeocarpus whartonensis is obviously a close relative of E. latescens F. v. Muell., as interpreted above, differing in its longer petioles, ovate- rather than obovate-elliptic leaf-blades which are acuminate rather than rounded or subtruncate at apex and have more numerous secondaries, shorter and fewer-flowered racemes, slightly larger sepals and stamens, proportionately narrower petals which are more regularly fimbriate and densely sericeous rather than glabrate within, and 6- rather than 8-ovulate ovary-locules. Although most of these differences are minor in nature, those pertaining to the leaf-apex, the number of secondary nerves, and the petal-pubescence appear to be of specific consequence. 8. § MoNOCERA Elaeocarpus § Monocera Brongn. & Gris in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 8: 201. 1861; Benth. & Hook. £. Gen. Pl. 1: 240. 1862; Mast. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 404. 1874; K. Schum. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. 3(6) : 5. 1890. Monocera Jack in Malay. Misc. 1(5): 42. 1820 [repr. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 2: 85. 1830; in Calcutta Jour. Nat. Hist. 4: 225. 1843; et in Miscel. Papers Indo-China II. 2: 243. 1887). Elaeocarpus § Papuanthus Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 130. 1916. Elaeocarpus § Monocera has been very broadly interpreted by most recent students, to such an extent that its true characters and limitations have been overlooked; doubtless for this reason Schlechter did not attempt to correlate the name with any group of Papuasian Elaeocarpi. However, the section is easily typified, since it rests solely upon the genus Monocera ack. The original publication of Monocera states: “This genus, whose characters appear to be sufficiently distinct, will include, besides the fol- lowing new species, several hitherto referred to Elaeocar pus, viz. E. Mono- cera Cavanilles, the separation of which has already been suggested, and of which the specific name may be appropriately adopted for the genus, . ..” It is therefore obvious that Elaeocarpus § Monocera is typified by E. mono- cera Cav., regardless of the breadth of interpretation applied to the concept by Jack, Bentham & Hooker, Masters, or any subsequent students. Elaeocarpus monocera Cav. (Ic. 6:1. t. 501. 1801) is a well-known Philippine species, of which ample herbarium material is available (see Merr. Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 3:18. 1923). Its essential characters are as follows: leaves large, aggregated at the ends of thick branchlets; flowers large (sepals to 13 mm. long; petals to 16 mm. long), arranged in com- paratively short few-flowered racemes arising from branchlets below leaves; petals copiously and irregularly laciniate, sericeous without, glabrous within; disk annular, 5-lobed, hispid; stamens numerous, with conspicu- ously awned anthers; ovary elongate-ovoid, densely sericeous, 2-locular, the locules usually 6-ovulate (rarely 4- or 5-ovulate), the style slender; fruit large (up to 7 X 5 cm.), ellipsoid, somewhat flattened, with fibrous mesocarp and very thick bony endocarp, which is slightly rugulose but 256 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXxv without conspicuous processes, the locule apparently single at maturity, with one large flattened seed. The concept thus typified by E. monocera in my opinion definitely in- cludes the Papuasian § Papuanthus Schlechter, originally based on eight species, among which a type species was not designated. This oversight is not important, as the original eight species obviously form a coherent section. The only important characters which might be used to separate § Papuanthus from § Monocera (restricting the latter, for the purpose of clarification, solely to E. monocera) are: flowers usually larger, ovules 10-12 per ovary-locule rather than 6 (or 4 or 5), and fruits (in the few species for which they are known) tomentellous or pulverulent. As to the number of ovules, this is known to vary in other coherent groups (e. g. § Coilopetalum) between 6 and 12, and therefore great weight cannot be attached to it in the present case. The pubescence of the fruits in $ Papuanthus does not seem very significant —at least not as significant as other fruit characters such as the large size, the somewhat flattened shape (especially obvious as regards the endocarp and seed), the fibrous mesocarp, and the fairly smooth endocarp without notable processes. These fruit characters are emphasized by Schlechter as distinguishing characters for § Papuanthus. In view of the facts brought out above, I herewith propose to reduce § Papuanthus to § Monocera, delimiting the latter much more strictly than is currently done. Its geographic limits probably extend considerably beyond the Philippines and Papuasia, but to what extent cannot yet be said. Since Schlechter’s work, three other Papuasian species referable to § Monocera have been described: E. comatus White & Francis, E. boridi- ensis Knuth, and E. lamekotensis Knuth: although I have seen no collec- tions of the last two, their descriptions indicate that they belong in this section. Below I propose two new species of § Monocera, which thus now consists of 13 species in Papuasia. Elaeocarpus (§ Monocera) Schlechterianus nom. nov. Elaeocarpus megacarpus Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 131. 1916; non Elmer in Leafl. Philip. Bot. 7: 2627 (as EF. megacarpa). 1915. NETHERLANDS NEW GUINEA: 6 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 1200 m., Brass & Versteegh 12538 (tree 27 m. high, frequent in primary forest of a -m. diam.; crown fairly wide-spreading; bark 9 mm. thick, gray, fairly smooth; wood white; flowers white) ; Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 350 m., Brass & Versteegh 13592 (tree 28 m. high, occasional in primary rain-forest on slope of a ridge; trunk 43 cm. diam.; crown not wide-spreading; bark 9 mm. thick, gray-brown, fairly smooth; wood rose; sterile). Elaeocarpus megacar pus Schlechter was based on Ledermann 9439, from the Sepik region of Northeastern New Guinea at about 850 m. altitude, and it has also been reported from the Central Division of British New Guinea by Lane-Poole (Rep. For. Res. Papua 111. 1925) and White and Francis (in Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensl. 38: 238. 1927). Although the Brass and Versteegh specimens are referred here with reasonable confidence, the determination remains questionable because the type lacked sepals and petals and these organs have not yet been described. In characters of < e, oy a oo + oc =] — mn 7 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 257 foliage and stamens, Brass & Versteegh 12538 agrees precisely with the original description; no. 13592 is sterile but has identical foliage. The sepals of no. 12538 are 22-23 * 5-6 mm. and densely tomentellous without; the petals are oblong, 23-25 about 10 mm., unequally laciniate with about 25 short segments, and very densely golden-sericeous without; the stamens are about 90 in number and agree with those discussed by Schlechter in dimensions, the anthers being sericeous along the dorsal mid- line; the densely sericeous ovary is 2-locular, each locule being 10-ovulate, and the style is sericeous except at apex and is subequal to the petals. Elaeocarpus (§ Monocera) leiophyllus sp. nov. Arbor ad 21 m. alta, ramis ramulisque validis teretibus cinereis lenti- cellatis glabris, ramulis apicem versus 6-9 mm. diametro, foliis ad apices planatis 1-4 cm. longis, basi et apice incrassatis, laminis coriaceis in sicco fuscis obovato-ellipticis, (10—-) 15-20 (—25) cm. longis, (4—) 7-9 cm. latis, basim versus angustatis et basi ipso anguste rotundato-subcordatis, apice obtusis vel inconspicue mucronulato-cuspidatis, margine remote undulato- crenulatis, utrinque glabris vel costa obscure puberulis, costa valida utrinque prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-13 erecto-patentibus anastomo- santibus supra subplanis subtus valde elevatis, rete venularum intricato supra immerso subobscuro subtus leviter prominulo; racemis in ligno vetus- tiore ortis abbreviatis 3—7-floris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi 1.5—4 cm. longis teretibus validis (2-3.5 mm. diametro) pedicellisque dense et arcte brunneo- tomentello-velutinis, bracteis mox caducis, pedicellis validis sub anthesi 12—25 mm. longis; sepalis crasse carnosis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis, 17-21 mm. longis, 4-5 mm. latis, extus et marginibus latis dense velutino-puberu- lis, intus sparse pilosis glabratisque ; petalis submembranaceis saepe leviter NETHERLANDS NEw GuINEA: 4 km. southwest of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 900 m., Brass & Versteegh 13525 (type), Mar. 30, 1939 (tree 21 m. high, occasional in primary mossy-forest on the slope of a ridge; trunk 39 cm. diam.; crown not wide- spreading; bark 9 mm. thick, black; wood light yellow; flowers light yellow). Elaeocar pus leiophyllus appears most closely related to E. Schlechterianus A. C. Sm. (E. megacarpus Schlechter, non Elmer), at least as that species is interpreted above. Like the new species, E. Schlechterianus, as I under- stand it, is characterized by its essentially glabrous petioles, large flowers, and densely sericeous petals. Elaeocarpus leiophyllus differs from this in its shorter petioles, narrower leaf-blades with the veinlet-reticulation immersed and obscure above rather than obviously prominulous, more compact inflo- rescences, smaller flowers in all parts, and more deeply laciniate petals. 258 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXV The new species differs from E. Nouhkuysii Koorders (to which it may be keyed in Schlechter’s treatment) in obvious foliage characters and in its sericeous rather than essentially glabrous petals. Elaeocarpus (§ Monocera) Nouhuysii Koorders in Nova Guin. Bot. 8: 173. 1909 ; Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 131. 1916. British New Gurnea: Western Division, Palmer River, 2 miles below junction with Black River, alt. 100 m., Brass 7074 (large canopy tree attaining 30 m. or more in height, common on low ridges near river; trunk spur-buttressed; bark thick, gray, somewhat flaky; leaf-blades glabrous and shining, with undulate margins; flowers greenish white, in numerous lateral racemes below the leaves). The cited specimen agrees very well with the original description of the type, obtained in southern Netherlands New Guinea near Van Weelskamp in the upper Lorentz River region. Our specimen is also a good match for Schlechter 16144 (UC), from the Minjem region of Northeastern New Guinea, cited by Schlechter as representing the species. The Brass speci- men has occasional leaf-blades up to 25 X 13 cm., and its rachises are sometimes up to 13 cm. long; in general, however, the dimensions of its leaves and flowers approximate those given by Koorders, Elaeocarpus (§ Monocera) polyandrus sp. nov. Arbor ad 20 m. alta, ramis ramulisque validis fusco-nigrescentibus tereti- bus glabratis, ramulis annotinis cicatricibus foliorum delapsorum conspicue ornatis, ramulis hornotinis 4-5 mm. diametro cano-puberulis; foliis sub- aggregatis, petiolis subteretibus striatis mox glabratis (4—) 6-9 cm. longis, iametro, basi et apice incrassatis, laminis papyraceis in sicco fusco-olivaceis utrinque glabris late ovatis, (8—) 15-23 cm. longis, (5—) 10-15 cm. latis, basi rotundatis, apice ut videtur obtusis, margine anguste revolutis et remote undulato-crenulatis, costa valida utrinque prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-10 subrectis erecto-patentibus supra leviter subtus valde elevatis, rete venularum intricato utrinque prominulo; racemis in axillis foliorum delapsorum ortis abbreviatis 4—6-floris, pedunculo brevi et rhachi 2.5-4 cm. longis teretibus validis (2 mm. diametro) pedicellisque minute sericeo-puberulis mox glabratis, pedicellis validis sub anthesi 2.5—3.7 cm. longis; sepalis crassissimis alutaceis lanceolatis, 20-22 mm. longis, sericeis Carinatis; petalis membranaceis oblongo-ellipticis, 23-26 mm. longis, 7-8 mm. latis, basim versus concavis vel involuto-marginatis, extus sparse sericeis, intus glabris et basim versus incrassatis, apice profunde 3-lobatis, quoque lobo 4-8 mm. longo deltoideo integro et acuto vel in segmenta 2 vel brevia inconspicue fimbriato; disco annulari erecto-patente carnoso superne hispidulo glabrato 1-1.5 mm. alto 10-crenulato; staminibus numero- sissimis (circiter 150) pluriseriatis gracilibus 17-20 mm. longis, filamentis teretibus hispido-sericeis 7-9 mm. longis, antheris ubique minute papillosis aristis exclusis 7-8 mm. longis, dorso linea mediana sparse sericeis, biaris- tatis, aristis circiter 2 mm. (interiore) et 3 mm. (exteriore) longis erectis; ovario ellipscideo 2-loculari arcte sericeo, pariete crassissimo, loculis 12- ovulatis, stylo crasso subulato 17-19 mm. longo inferne sericeo-puberulo superne glabro. Sotomon Istanps: Bougainville: Kugumaru, Buin, alt. 150 m., Kajewski 1866 (TYPE), June 28, 1930 (tree up to 20 m. high, common in rain-forest; petals 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 259 yellowish green, tipped with pink; native name: tu-ah-lu; timber said by natives to be very durable). Elaeocarpus polyandrus is very well characterized by its long glabrous petioles, broadly ovate leaf-blades, very thick sepals, few-lobed petals, biaristate anthers, and thick-walled ovary. In foliage the new species suggests E. lamekotensis Knuth, of New Ireland, but that species has com- paratively short and slender pedicels, much smaller flowers, and more copiously fimbriate petals. al < Monocera) geet White & Francis ex Lane- Fe Rep. For. Res. 1925, in’ Pro y. Soc. Queensl. 38: 238. f. 6 BriTISH os GUINEA: apie Division, Kumusi River, ie 185 (TYPE OLL.). This well-marked species of § Monocera, referred by its authors to the relationship of E. amplifolius Schlechter, is apparently closer to E. finis- terrae Schlechter, from which it differs in its longer petioles and much smaller flowers. 9. § CoILoPETALUM Elaeocarpus § Coilopetalum Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 134. 1916. § Coilopetalum was founded by Schlechter with 13 species, among which no type species was designated. From Schlechter’s discussion it appears that he was uncertain of the place of his last four species in this section. Furthermore, he states (1. c.) that “Die typischen, d. h. die dickblattrigen, langstieligen Arten bilden stets grosse Baume, . . .,” indicating that the nucleus of the section, in his concept, was composed of his species numbered 40-42. Of these, E. clethroides Schlechter is the only species illustrated, and therefore I believe that it may be designated as the lectotype of § Coilopetalum. It should be pointed out that E. fuscus Schlechter and to a certain extent E. pachyanthus Schlechter and E. mallotoides Schlechter (ex char., none of these three species being available to me) are unusual in the tomentum of their lower leaf-surfaces and inflorescences; in this they strongly suggest a group of five species (E. trichophyllus A, C. Sm. and its allies) referred above to § Blepharoceras. The line between these two sections becomes weak at this point and the species are divided rather arbitrarily upon char- acters of petal-shape, texture, and degree of laciniation. Other described species belonging to § Cotlopetalum are E. floridanus Hemsl., FE. pseudoscepicanus O. C. Schmidt, FE. confertifolius Knuth, &. lingualis Knuth, E. fuscoides Knuth, and probably E. novo-mecklenburg- ensis Knuth; some of these are discussed below. ‘To this section I here- with add nine new species, making a total of 28 Papuasian species now known in § Coilopetalum. The section doubtless extends beyond Papuasia, but I cannot indicate its geographic limits at present. e important diagnostic characters of § Coilopetalum are as follows: habit usually glabrous or subglabrous, the leaves sometimes hirsute beneath and in a few species closely tomentellous; inflorescences usually associated with leaves or slightly below them; flowers comparatively small 260 JOURNAL OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM [VOL. XXv (sepals and petals usually less than 8 mm. long, rarely up to: 12 mm. long) ; petals about the size of the sepals and often somewhat similar in texture, usually narrowed distally and subentire or obscurely toothed (in a few species broadened at apex and distinctly fimbriate), densely sericeous with- out and often within, often with a conspicuous swollen carina within; stamens comparatively small, variable in number, awned or not; ovary 2- or 3-locular, pubescent (apparently glabrous only in EF. Aabbemensis, an aberrant species described below), each locule 6—12-ovulate; fruits com- paratively small, the pericarp rarely exceeding 3 mm. in thickness, with thin epicarp, sparse mesocarp, and hard verrucose or rugulose endocarp, the locule solitary and at length apparently 1-seeded. Elaeocarpus (§ Coilopetalum) sepikanus Schlechter in Bot. Jahrb. 54: 135. 1916. ERLANDS NEW GUINEA: ——. Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 120 m., Brass & Versteegh 13549 (tree 22 m. high, rare in primary rain-forest on slopes of a ridge; trunk 43 cm. diam.; crown not wide. spreading; bark 10 mm. thick, brown; wood red- brown; flowers Hak yellow). The cited specimen agrees excellently with the original description, based on several Ledermann collections from the Sepik region of Northeastern New Guinea at low elevations, differing only in its slightly longer pedicels and fewer stamens (about 35 rather than about 50). The species has also been reported from the Northern Division of British New Guinea by Lane-Poole and White and Francis, but I believe that the specimen cited by them represents a new species, described below as F. elatus. Elaeocarpus (§ Coilopetalum) fluviatilis sp. nov. Arbor ad 25 m. alta inflorescentiis exceptis glabra, ramulis crassis apicem versus 5—6 mm. diametro et dense foliatis; petiolis rectis 3-4.5 cm. longis supra complanatis; laminis papyraceis vel chartaceis siccitate ye Teese ellipticis, 9-15.5 cm. lo gis, 4—6 cm. latis, basi anguste rotundatis vel late obtusis, apice in acuminem 1-2 cm. longum obtusum abrupte angustatis, margine dentibus circiter 2 per centimetrum conspicue crenatis, costa et axillaribus SS 5-10 cm. longis plerumque 1 5—20-floris, pedunculo 1.5-3 c m. longo t rhachi angulatis robustis pedicellisque dense et breviter ei ao sericeis, “pedicellis gracilibus sub anthesi 5—7 mm. longis, alabastris ovoideis circiter 5 mm. longis cuspidatis angulatis ; ies 5 papyraceis vel subcarnosis ovato-ellipticis, 6-7 mm. longis, circiter 3 mm. latis, breviter acuminatis, extus ge ye. intus glabris; petalis 5 papyraceis ovato- ellipticis circiter 5 X 2.5 mm., apice acutis et integris, utrinque dense aureo-sericeis, pilis intus retrorsis, carina inconspicua; disco inconspicuo 10-lobato, lobis circiter 0.2 mm altis s superne hirtellis; staminibus 65—70 pluriseriatis 3-4 mm. longis, filaments 0.4-1.2 mm. longis horse doe antheris dorso sericeis arista 0.5-0.8 mm. longa excepta circiter 2 m longis; ovario ovoideo 2-loculari pie sericeo, loculis 12-ovulatis, es subulato glabro circiter 2 mm. longo. British NEw Guinea: Central Division, Kubuna, alt. 100 m., Brass 5569 (A, type, NY), Nov. 25, Pee (tree 20-25 m. high, common in riverine rain-forests; trunk raised above ground on an irregular mass of prop-roots about 1 m. high 1944] SMITH, STUDIES OF PAPUASIAN PLANTS, VI 261 From the closely related E. sepikanus Schlechter, E. fluviatilis differs in its more distinctly toothed leaf-margins, more copiously flowered racemes, and more numerous and shorter stamens with longer awns. Elaeocarpus (§ Coilopetalum) confertifolius Knuth in Rep. Sp. Nov. 48: 74. 1940. British NEw GvuINEA: Central Division, Koitaki, alt. about 450 m., Carr 12697 Yi Elaeocarpus confertifolius is based on Carr 12067, a flowering specimen not available to me, also from Koitaki. No. 12697 agrees ae with the original description except for its slightly smaller leaf-blades. The fruits are ellipsoid, about 10 7 mm. at apparent maturity, aes when dried, with a pericarp about 2 mm. thick, a verrucose endocarp, and a single one-seeded locule. The habit and fruit of no. 12697 are obviously of § re and the original description of the flower also implies ae section; the species appears to be of the general relationship of E. clethroides aon ter Elaeocarpus (§ Coilopetalum) idenburgensis sp. nov Arbor ad 16 m. alta inflorescentiis exceptis glabra, ramulis subteretibus superne 3-5 mm. diametro brunneis copiose lenticellatis; foliis apicem ramulorum versus confertis, petiolis gracilibus 3-5 cm. longis leviter cana- liculatis, laminis chartaceis in sicco fusco-viridibus ellipticis, 8-13 cm. longis, 4- 6 cm. latis, basi anguste = ida vel obtusis, apice in acuminem ad 1