BROOKLYN
BOTANIC GARDEN

RECORD

Vou. ¥ cae JANUARY, 1916

No. 1

= 5

EDITED. BY
Be » -C. STUART GAGER

CONTENTS

‘Prospectus of Courses Offered. by the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1916 ..

Colonel Woodward and the Garden ......0....6.. 00.0. 0c00. 00

ee Graduation of Garden Teachers

PAGE
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Doctorates in ane Conferred by American Universities in 1915 ............15

“Notes wish boateinidl ass acy she'a! enti Waa a ae ae oe Laan gener cbs Bike VE Ca ec cas Soka

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY
AT’ 41. NORTH QUEEN STREET
= ; LANCASTER, PA.
BY THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Entered: as second-class aoe in the Post-office at Lancaster, Pa.,
under Act of ee t 24, 1912

BOTANIC GARDEN STAPF

; Dr. C. STUART GAGER, Director
Mr. NORMAN TAYLOR, Curator of Plants
Dr EDGAR W. OLIVE, Curator of Public Instruction
Dr, 0. E. WHITE, Curator of Plant Breeding
Miss ELLEN EDDY: SHAW, trator of Elementary Instruction
Miss BERTHA M. EVES, Secretary
Dr. LAURA E. WATSON BENEDICT, Librarian’
Miss JEAN A. CROSS, Assistant Curator. of Elementary ‘Instruction
Dr. WILLIAM MANSFIELD, Honorary ‘Curator of Economic Plants
Mr. HAROLD A. CAPARN, Consulting Landscape Architect
Mr. MONTAGUE FREE,- Head Gardener
Dr, ALFRED L. GUNDERSEN, Herbarium Assistant -
Mr. FRANK STOLL, Laboratory Assistant.
7 . , Garden Aid
Mr. HERMAN KOLSH, Foreman.

McKIM, MEAD & WHITE, Architects
OLMSTED BROS., Landscape Arehitete

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Fic. 1. The Japanese Garden during a snow storm.

THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN

RECORD

VoL. V January, I916 No. I

BROsPBerusS OF COURSES OFFERED: BY Ete
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN, 1916

A. CHILDREN’S GARDENS AND NATURE STUDY

Courses for Children

At. Garden Practice.—A course in outdoor work, open only to
those pupils who are recommended by their teachers for excellence
in nature study in their schools. The work includes the raising
of common vegetables, flowers, and fiber plants. Open to both
boys and girls. A fee of twenty cents will be charged, the ma-
terial raised becoming the property of the pupil. Twelve lessons
every Saturday morning, 10:30-11:30, from April d—June 24.
Miss Shaw.

A2. Summer Garden Work.—A summer’s work in the garden,
each child having his own plot. This is a continuation of Course
At. A fee of twenty cents a month will be charged for material
consumed except to those continuing from Course Ar, who will
be charged ten cents. Fach child has the product from his own
garden. Saturday mornings, 9-11, July S—September 23.

Miss Shaw.

A3. Nature Study.—The structure and germination of seeds;
the parts of a plant and their uses; relation of the plant to soil,
air, water, and light. The course consists of study of the plants
themselves, with experiments and greenhouse work done by the

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children; no book work, no home work, no examinations. Open
to children from 8-12 years of age. A fee of ten cents will be
charged to cover material used. A certificate will be given those
who satisfactorily complete the course. Two courses will be
given each spring and two each fall, as follows:

Boys’ SprinG Course.—Saturday mornings, 9-10, from Jan-
uary 22—March rr.

GIRLS’ SPRING CouRsE.—Saturday mornings, 10:30-I1 :30,
from January 22—March rt.

Boys’ Fatt Course.—Saturday mornings, 9-10, from October
14—N ovember

Grrts’ FALL en —Saturday mornings, 10:30-11 :30, from
October 14—November 18. Miss Shaw.

ny
Co

A4. Plant Propagation.—Raising of plants from seeds for the
outdoor vegetable and flower garden; elementary study of soils
Work done in the children’s greenhouse. Fee, for material used,
fifteen cents. Girls and boys from 12 to 15 years of age are
eligible to these courses. Two of these courses will be offered
each spring and two each fall, as follows:

GIRLS’ SPRING CourRSE.—Friday afternoons, 3:30-4:30, Janu-
ary 2I-March ro.

Boys’ SPRING Course.—Saturdays, 1:00-2:00, January 22-
March 11.

Grrts’ Fatt Course.—Friday afternoons, 3:30-4:30, October
13-November 17.

Boys’ Fart Course.—Saturdays, 1:00-2:00, October r4—No-
vember 18. Miss Shaw.

A5. Advanced Nature Study.—A course designed for those
older boys and girls who have taken courses A1—A4. Plant col-
lections will be made, and the simpler principles of classification
studied. Special problems will be assigned to individuals, and
larger garden plots will be set aside for the further working out
of these problems. Open only to pupil assistants of the Garden.
For details confer with Miss

GirLs’ SPRING CoursE.—Thursdays, 4-6, March 2-June 22

Boys’ SPRING CoursE.—Thursdays, 3:30-5, March 2-June 22.

Girts’ Fart Course.—Thursdays, 4-5, October 5-November
oo

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Boys’ Fay Course.—Thursdays, 4-5, October 5—-November 2 ge
Miss Shaw, Dr. Gundersen, Mr. Stoll.

A6. Junior Gardener’s Course.—A course for boys from 14-17
years of age. Lessons given in the care of border and other
flower beds, in the weeding and care of small vegetable gardens,
in mowing and watering lawns, repotting plants, etc. This is
planned to fit boys for summer work and to enable them to obtain
positions. Hours to be arranged. Fee twenty cents. Practical
work with the gardeners and foreman, under Miss Shaw’s su-
pervision.

A7. Nature Study for Boy Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, and
Others.—Short courses of at least four hours each, with talks,
demonstrations, and field trips in the Botanic Garden and Pros-
pect Park to study trees, shrubs, etc. The instruction will be
adapted to meet the needs of the various groups who apply. Open
only to groups of at least six persons, at hours to be arranged.

Mr. Stoll.
Courses for Teachers

A8. Greenhouse Work for Teachers.—This course is planned to
be of assistance to the teacher in garden work with children. A
study of soils, and of the plant itself. Practical work in the
propagation of plants, and the raising of flower and vegetable
seedlings for the outdoor garden. A fee of fifty cents will be
charged to cover cost of materials. Thursday afternoons, from
4-5, January 20-March 9. Miss Shaw.

Ag. Nature Study for Teachers.—Intended to familiarize teach-
ers with material suitable for class use and with easily accessible
sources. The work given will be practical, such as may be ap-
plied in the Nature Study teaching of the class room. A fee o
fifty cents will be charged to cover cost of material. Thursdays,
from 4-5. March 16-June tr. Miss Cross.

Miss Cross.
Lectures for Children

(Admission only by Ticket)
Stories About Useful Plants. (Illustrated.)
April 29. How to make a garden.

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May 6. How to make Brooklyn more beautiful.

May 13. Rubber, a very useful plant.

May 20. Sugar, and how it is obtained.

May 27. The wild flowers now in bloom.

It is necessary to limit the number of tickets for these talks to
children. This is due tothe small size of the present lecture room.
Not more than 70 children can be accommodated at any one talk.
Tickets will be issued in the order of application until the number
is exhausted.

The talks will be repeated for school classes, if so desired,
either at the Garden or at the school.

—

B I. Courses ror TEACHERS OF CHILDREN’S GARDENING

There is an increasing demand for persons adequately prepared
to become teachers or supervisors of children’s gardens, but op-
portunities to secure the necessary preparation are not numerous.
As in other cases where special problems are to be met and solved,
an interest in children, a mere liking for the work, or even native
teaching ability, while highly essential, are not, of themselves,
sufficient to insure success.

The following ten courses are planned to acquaint the prospec-
tive teacher with some of the main problems to be met with in this
work, and such effective solutions of them as have been worked
out in practice. The ten courses are considered as a unit, and are
not offered separately. Whenever possible it is urged that the
entire course be completed within two school years. Special im-
portance is attached to No. Bro.

The fee for the entire course is Fifteen Dollars. Even though
credit be given for work done elsewhere, the minimum charge for
a certificate will in any case be Ten Dollars.

To those who satisfactorily complete the work a Certificate in
Children’s Gardening will be granted.

Bx. Soils and Agricultural Principles—A study of soils; fer-
tilizers, natural and chemical; relation of water and air to soil;
liming; mixing of soils and tillage. Five lectures with laboratory
work, Tuesday afternoons, from 4-5, January 18—February 15.

Miss Shaw.

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B2. Elementary Botany.—A survey of general physiological
and morphological principles, illustrated by a few of the more
important types of plants. Sixteen lectures and demonstrations
in laboratory and greenhouse. A high-school course in botany,
extending over at least one half year, will be accepted in place of
this course. Fridays at 4 p. m., January 21-May 5.

Dr. Olive and Dr. Gundersen.

B3. Children’s Garden Practice.—Practice work with a class of
children ; including such topics as planning and making the garden,
laying out of grounds, preparation of soil, seed sowing, transplant-
ing, cropping, cultivation, the construction of simple garden
utensils, school garden management, improvement of school
grounds, preparation of exhibits. Twenty lectures and outdoor
practice work. Saturday mornings, 10-11 :30, from February
5-June 17. Miss Shaw, Miss Cross and Mr. Stoll.

B4. Plant Propagation and Greenhouse Work.—Methods of
plant propagation, care of plants, cuttings, raising of seedlings for
the outdoor garden. Work related to children’s gardens. Labo-
ratory work. Eight lessons. Wednesdays, from 3:30-5 p. m.,
February 23-A pril 12. Miss Shaw and Miss Cross,

B5. Nature Study.—Nature in relation to gardens and plant
life. Topics: plant structure; fruit and fruit formation; weeds;
weed dispersal ; insect pests; birds in their relation to agriculture ;
garden friends; shrubs; shade and lawn trees. Credit will be
given for this course in Nature Study on presentation of a satis-
factory certificate of similar work done at any other accredited
institution. Twenty lectures. Tuesdays, 4-5 p.m., February 20-
May 16 and October 3—November 21. Miss Cross.

B6. Fungous and Insect Pests.—Three lectures and demonstra-
tions on the occurrence of, and methods of combating the com-
moner fungous and insect pests of garden and greenhouse plants.
Fridays, at 4 p. m., May 12-May 26. Dr. Olive.

B7. Fall Garden Work.—Practical work with the outdoor bulb
bed, harvesting of garden crops, indoor planting of bulbs, raising
of plants indoors, the window box. Five lessons on Wednesday
afternoons, from 4-5, October 4-November 1. Miss Shaw.

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B8. Pedagogy of Botany.—A brief discussion of the mental
processes involved in learning and teaching science, and the funda-
mental principles which underlie and point the way to laboratory
and field work. Three successive Saturday afternoons, from I :30
to 2:30, November 4-November 16. Dr. Gager.

Bo. Genetics.—Four lectures on the problems of heredity, vari-
ation and environment, and their bearing on education; illustrated

y d tration material obtained from plant-breeding experi-
ments, and by lantern slides. Lecture subjects: Kinds and extent
of variation in plants and animals ; How characters are inherited ;
Sex in plants and the methods of crossing; Human heredity.
Saturdays, from 2:30-3:30, November 4-November 25.
Dr. White.
Bro. Practical Garden Work.—A summer’s work with children
in a garden under supervision. This work may be done at the
Brooklyn Botanic Garden, or its equivalent in some children’s
garden, the work of which is acceptable to the Botanic Garden.

B Il. SumMER SCHOOL OF CHILDREN’S GARDENING

Courses Br-Bio are also offered as a concentrated six-weeks’
summer course, from July 5 to August 15, 1916. For circular
and further information apply to Miss Ellen Eddy Shaw.

C. CouRSES FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC

Cx. Garden Planning.—Three lectures with practical demon-
strations. The object of this course is to help owners of small
places to plan their yards and gardens to best advantage. Wednes-
days at 4, February 23-March 8. Mr. Free.

C2. The Outdoor Flower Garden.—Ten lectures with demon-
strations and practical work. Instruction will be given with re-
gard to soils, preparation of grounds for planting, propagation,
hardy perennials, annuals, vines, herbaceous borders, summer bed-
ding, shrubbery, roses, making and care of lawns, drainage, etc.
A fee of $1.00 will be charged to cover cost of materials used.
Wednesdays at 4, March to—May 17. Mr. Free.

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C3. House Plants and Small Conservatories.—Five lectures
with demonstrations and practical work. The course includes con-
sideration of principles to be observed in the care of indoor plants,
and cultural details concerning suitable subjects. Instruction will
be given with reference to hanging baskets, window boxes, War-
dian cases, etc. A fee of $2.50 will be charged to cover cost of
materials used. The plants raised by the class will become the
property of those taking the course. Wednesdays at 4, January
19-February 16. Mr. Free.

C4. Garden and Greenhouse Work in Fall.—A course of six
lessons covering the making of cuttings, taking up and storing of
plants, bulb planting, winter protection of plants, fall pruning, etc.
Thursday afternoons from 4-5, September 28-November 2.
fee of $1.00 will be charged to cover cost of material used.

Mr. Free.

C6. Local Flora.—These two courses are specially planned for
teachers of nature-study, and for others who wish to become more
familiar with the wild plants about them. Numerous specimens
will be brought to the class-room for study. Part of the time will
be given to field study, mainly in the Botanic Garden or Prospect
Park.

SPRING CoursE.—Evergreens and other trees in the winter
condition, followed by wild flowers and ferns. Saturdays, at 3
o'clock. March r1-June ro.

FALL Course.—A study of fall flowers and weeds, trees and
shrubs. Saturdays, at 3 o’clock. October 7—-December 9.

Dr. Gundersen.

C7. History of Botany.—Six lectures giving a brief outline of
the history of botany from the time of the Greeks to the present.
Saturdays, at 3 o'clock, January 290—March 4. Dr. Gundersen.

C8. Bacteria and Other Micro-organisms in the Home.—Fight
periods devoted to lectures, and demonstrations on the occurrence
of bacteria, yeasts, molds and other micro-organisms in the home;
in water, sewage, etc. Saturdays, at 11:00, February 5—March
25. Die @live.

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Co. Heredity and Environment.—F'ive lectures, planned espe-
cially for teachers, preachers, and social workers. Special em-
phasis will be laid upon the part played by heredity and environ-
ment in the formation of human character, both physical and
mental. Ilustrations of fundamental truths, applicable to class-
room and social problems, presented in the form of charts, dia-
grams, lantern slides, and d istration material from breeding
experiments. Persons who contemplate taking this course should
first consult with Dr. O. E. White, either personally or by mail.
Saturdays, at 10 a. m., November 4—December 2. Dr. White.

N.B. Courses Cr-Co inclusive, are open free to the public un-
less otherwise specified. Those planning to take any of these
courses are asked to register at the Garden at least one week
before the course opens, so that adequate arrangements may be
made for materials, ete. They are open to both men and women,
but no course will be given to a class of less than six.

D, ADVANCED COURSES AND INVESTIGATION

For the following advanced and research courses there is a
charge covering all expenses, including laboratory fee, of $30 for
each full course of 100 credit hours, and $20 for each half course
of 50 credit hours.

Advanced Courses

Di. Mycology and Plant Pathology.—Morphology and pathol-
ogy of the fungi and bacteria. Life histories of fungi; methods
of control of plant diseases, etc. Prerequisite, a satisfactory col-
lege course in general botany. 100 credit hours of work. Hours
to be arranged. r. Olive and assistant.

D2. Fresh-Water Microbiology.—A course of lectures, recita-
tions, and laboratory work on the various organisms found in
drinking water. Odors, colors, etc., of drinking water; methods
of microscopical and bacteriological examination. 50 credit hours
of work. Hours to be arranged. Dr. Olive and assistant.

D3. Cytology.—A course of lectures and laboratory work on
cell physiology and cell morphology. Methods of cytological
technique, and practice in accurate interpretation of cell phenom-

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ena. Prerequisite, satisfactory college courses in general botany
and plant physiology. 100 credit hours of work. Hours to be
arranged. Dr. Olive and assistant.

D4. Experimental Evolution.—Detailed studies of the nature
and causes of variation and heredity. Some of the subjects con-
sidered are: Historical Resumé of the Evolution Theory, Physical
Basis of Inheritance, Inheritance of Acquired Characters, Kinds
and Causes of Variation, Mendelism, Biometry, Principles and
Technique of Plant Breeding. This course is open to students of
college rank with a knowledge of the elements of physics, chem-
istry, geology, botany, and zoology. The work is primarily in- .
tended for students in pure science, and for agricultural or horti-
cultural students fitting themselves for various professional ac-
tivities in these particular fields. Three lectures and two labo-
ratory periods a week. 100 credit hours of work. Hours to be
arranged. Dr. White.

Ds. Phytogeography.—A course dealing with plant distribution
over the earth. Prerequisites are courses in plant ecology and
geology, and a good general knowledge of climatology and system-
atic botany. 50 credit hours of work. Hours to be arranged.

Mr. Taylor.

D6. Seminar and Journal Club.—A bi-weekly meeting of the
Garden Staff and advanced students, for the discussion of funda-
mental problems of botany or of general biology, and for the
review of pertinent botanical literature. Open to others on in-
vitation.

Graduate Study and Botanical Research

D7. Research in Plant Physiology.—Independent investigation
of problems dealing with plant functions. Thesis. Dr, Gager.

D8. Research in Mycology and Plant Pathology.—Independent
investigation of problems in fungi and fungous diseases of plants.

Dr. Olive.

Do. Research in Plant Genetics.—Independent investigation of
problems of variation and heredity, including that phase of cy-
tology having a direct bearing on the subject matter of genetics.

D hite.

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CooPERATION WitH LocAL SCHOOLS

1. Talks at Schools.—The principals of any schools, public or
private, may arrange with the director to have lantern talks given
at the schools on various topics related to nature study, such as
garden work with children, tree planting, and Arbor Day. If an
illustrated lecture is desired, the lantern and operator must be pro-
vided by the school, but slides will be furnished by the Botanic
Garden. Principals may address the Curator of Elementary In-
struction for list of talks and for appointments.

pea

2. School Classes at the Garden.—(a) Schools not provided
with stereopticon may arrange for their classes, accompanied by
their teachers, to come to the Botanic Garden. At present, not
more than 70 children can be accommodated at any one time.

(b) Notice of such a visit should be sent at least two days previ-
ous the date on which a talk is desired. These talks will be illus-
trated by lantern slides, and by the conservatory collection of
useful plants from the tropics and subtropics. spring and fall
announcements of topics will be issued during 1916.

c) The Garden equipment, including greenhouse, plant ma-
terial, lecture room, lantern, and de is at the disposal of
teachers who desire to instruct their own classes at the Garden.
Arrangements must be made in advance with the Curator of
Elementary Instruction, so that such work will not conflict with
regular classes and lectures.

(d) The principal of any secondary school in Brooklyn may
arrange also for a series of ten lessons on plant culture to be
given during the fall to a class. These lessons will be worked
out for the most part in the greenhouse. Such a course must be
arranged for in advance, and the class must be accompanied by
its teacher.

3. Home Gardening.—Assistance will be given to children in
planning and planting home gardens. Enrollment cards for such
assistance may be had on application to the Curator of Elementary
Instruction. Prizes will be offered to both schools and indi-
viduals, at the annual Children’s Garden Exhibit, for the best
results in home gardening. This exhibit is open to all children in
the City of Brooklyn, although their garden products may have

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been raised at their summer homes. Certifications must be made
that the work has been done by the child himself.

The exhibit for 1916 will be held on the 29th and 30th of
September. All exhibits, of schools as well as of individuals,
must be brought to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden on the afternoon
of September the 28th, or by 10 o’clock on the morning of the
29th. The exhibits will be judged on the afternoon of the 2oth,
and will then be on exhibition for the public from three to five
o’clock on the afternoon of the 29th, and from ten in the morning
until four in the afternoon of the 30th. The announcement of
prizes will be made on the 30th. After four o’clock of this day,
exhibitors may remove their exhibits. Prizes will be distributed
on Saturday afternoon, October 14, at three o’clock.

Silver and bronze medals will be awarded as first and second
prizes for individual exhibits. A bronze statute of Victory is
the first prize for the school making the best exhibit as a whole.
This prize is to be competed for annually until one school wins
it three times, when it will become the property of that school.
A new prize will then be offered. This statue is now in posses-
sion of P. S, 152, this school having won it twice, at the first
and second annual Children’s Garden Exhibits. The second
prize is a silver cup, which is retained by the winning school.

4. Penny Packets of Seeds.—In order to assist the above work,
penny packets of seeds are put up by the Botanic Garden, for
children’s use. In the early spring, lists of these seeds, conditions
for entry as an exhibitor, home gardening record cards, and other
information may be had no application to the Curator of Ele-
mentary Instruction.

5. Conferences.—Conferences may be arranged by teachers and
principals for the discussion of problems in connection with gar-
dening and nature-study. Monday and Saturday afternoons are
usually available for this purpose. Appointments must be made
in advance. Address Miss Ellen Eddy Shaw.

6. Study and Loan Material.—On request, the Garden will en-
deavor to provide living seedlings or plant parts for study, to the
extent of our limited facilities. Teachers may arrange to have

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various physiological experiments or demonstrations conducted
at the Garden. Petri dishes, which must be cleaned and delivered
to the Garden, will, on request, be filled with nutrient agar, ready
for exposure in the study of bacteria and molds. In all cases
arrangements must be made by teachers for calling for such ma-
terial, and all material loaned by the Garden must be returned
promptly in good condition.

DocENTRY

Classes, and other parties of several persons, wishing to view
the plantations under guidance, may arrange with the Curator of
Public Instruction for appointments with a docent to conduct them
through the Garden. For this service there is a charge of 25
cents an hour or fraction thereof, or 10 cents a person for parties
of three or more; except that no charge is made for teachers with
classes, nor to members of the Botanic Garden.

Tur HERBARIUM
The Garden herbarium consists at present of over 100,000
specimens, including phanerogams, ferns, mosses, liverworts,
lichens, parasitic and other fungi, algee, and myxomycetes. This
collection may be consulted by those interested, and specimens
submitted will be gladly identified. Address Curator of Plants.

THE LIBRARY

_—

The rapidly growing library of the Garden occupies temporary
quarters on the main floor of the laboratory building. This is not
a circulating library, but is open free for consultation to all per-
sons, from 9 a. m. until 5 p. m. Over 200 current periodicals
devoted to botany and related subjects are regularly received.

COLONEL WOODWARD AND THE BROOKLYN
GARDEN*
The speaker became a resident of Brooklyn so comparatively
recently that the memory of first impressions is still vivid. Among
* Remarks by the director of the Garden, at the meeting in memory of
Col. Robert B. Woodward, at the Academy of Music, Brooklyn, October
31, 1915.

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these impressions was the realization that Brooklyn has been un-
usually favored in the large number of public-spirited citizens for
whom the welfare of the city has always been a matter of prime
importance; they have given freely of their time, their money,
and their ability in order to make Brooklyn a better place to live in.

All of this work has been without ostentation, much of it has
been practically anonymous. Our citizens freely enjoy daily many
opportunities for education and culture and wholesome recreation
without having the slightest idea to whom they are indebted for
such privileges, or indeed that they are indebted to any private
individuals at all. Herein lies Brooklyn’s real justification for
civic pride; not in her parks, her hospitals, her charity organiza-
tions, her libraries, her schools, her Institute, her museums, her
art gallery, her botanic garden, but in the splendid body of citizens
whose interest in and devotion to the public welfare have made
these institutions possible.

One of the leaders of this group was the man in honor of whose
memory we are assembled this afternoon. The details of his life
and his public services have been reviewed in the well-merited
tribute of the afternoon’s chief address; the chairman of the meet-
ing has spoken of his sterling qualities as a man and a friend; his
invaluable benefactions to the Department of Education and to
the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences have
been ably recounted, and I esteem it a great privilege to add a
brief word of tribute in recognition of his interest in the Brooklyn
Botanic Garden, and his generous support of this newest depart-
ment of the Institute’s activities.

The establishment of a public educational and scientific insti-
tution requires something more than money; those who have im-
mediate charge of the conduct of its affairs, however efficient they
may be, require the sympathetic support of the public in the work
they endeavor to accomplish. One could always count on Col.
Woodward for such support. This was shown, among other
ways, by the frequency with which he visited the Garden, and I
recall with satisfaction one or two of his visits when he found the
director somewhat discouraged because the development of the
Garden had not been able to make more rapid progress; his words
of counsel at such times made it impossible not to view things in

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a truer perspective, and thus brought the most substantial kind of
encouragement.

The last time I ever saw Colonel Woodward was last July,
when he took the director of the Brooklyn Museum and the di-
rector of the Botanic Garden with him to Cold Spring Harbor,
Long Island, to confer with the director and one of the board of
managers of the Biological Laboratory of the institute located at
that place. The object of that visit was in the interest of bring-
ing about a closer articulation between the biological laboratory
and the other departments of the institute. As has before been
said, the welfare of the institute amounted to a passion with
Colonel Woodward, and no one realized more fully than he the
absolute necessity of solidarity for the largest success of stich an
institution.

He was essentially an optimist. At the last annual inspection
of the Garden by the trustees he overheard someone inquiring
where he was, and replied, “ Here he is, enjoying the good things
of life as usual.” But to enjoy the best things in life himself was
never enough; he was ever actively interested in securing such
advantages for others, and this altruistic habit of mind was the
mainspring of his philanthropies.

THis estimate of values was not limited by his own attainments.
On one occasion he said to the speaker, in substance, “I don’t
know anything about botany, but I believe the work you are try-
ing to do at the Botanic Garden is worth doing, and that a botanic
garden is a desirable thing for any city to have.’ Its value as a
public institution was sufficient reason in his mind for supporting
it. One cannot help here but note the contrast between such a
largeness of view and the more restricted vision of those who re-
gard, or profess to regard, museums and art galleries, zoological
parks, and botanic gardens, as luxuries and frills, and who ques-
tion the propriety or desirability of supporting them, even in part,
by public taxation.

The life of Colonel Woodward was a living protest against
such a point of view. In the work of the Brooklyn Botanic
Garden, as elsewhere and always, his gifts were generous and
timely, his sympathy was intimate and helpful, his optimism, con-
tagious and leavening. We honor ourselves in this public recog-

15

nition of his services; to have known him was a rare pleasure;
fortunate the city of his citizenship.
C. STUART GAGER.

GRADUATION OF GARDEN TEACHERS

The annual graduation exercises of teachers of children’s gar-
dening was held December eleventh, at three o’clock, in the labo-
ratory building of the Botanic Garden. The course leading to a
certificate in children’s gardening covers one year’s study, includ-
ing a summer’s teaching in a children’s garden. Last November
the first class of seven students received certificates. The enroll-
ment in this course is now forty, but only four students received
certificates this year. The members of the class are Mrs. Engerie
Coles McCord, Miss Johanna L. Becker, Miss Maud E. Snedeker,
all of Brooklyn; and Miss Elsa C. Wolf, of Indianapolis.

Miss Alice Fitts, director of the Kindergarten Department of
Pratt Institute, spoke to the graduates on “The value of garden-
ing to the child.” The graduates of the class of 1914 presented
a sundial, as a gift from them to the Botanic Garden. This is
to be set up in the new children’s plot. Mrs. LeRoy Barton pre-
sented the gift on behalf of the class.

At the close of the exercises a reception was given in the Li-
brary to the graduating class by the Garden Teachers Association
of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Miss Lenda Hanks, of the
Girls High School, and Miss Harriet Porrit, of P. S. No. 130,
Manhattan, members of the Association, poured.

Ee eS:

DOCTORATES IN BOTANY CONFERRED BY AMERI-
CAN UNIVERSITIES IN ro15

According to the list published in Science N. S. 422555-565
Oct. 22, 1915, there were 40 doctorates given in botanical subjects
by American universities during 1915; chemistry again leading all
other subjects with 85 degrees, while botany comes second, and
zoology third.

16

As with previous lists published in the Recorp (1: 105; 2:121;
3:123), it has been difficult to differentiate certain titles which
might well be classified as botanical, although doubtless some of
them were probably presented in departments of agriculture, or
of physiological chemistry.

The subjects of these doctorate theses in botany for 1915 were
as follows:

UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

Hanna Caroline Aase: “ Vascular anatomy of the ‘ Megasporo-
phyll’ in conifers.”

Joseph Stuart Caldwell: “A study of the effects of certain
antagonistic solutions upon the growth of Zea Mays.”

Hermann Bacher Deutsch: “Effect of light upon the germina-
tion of the spores of the true ferns.”

James Frederick Groves: “ Life duration of seeds.”

Andrew Henderson Hutchinson: “ Fertilization in Abies bal-
samea.”

James Palm Stober: “ A comparative study of winter and sum-
mer leaves of various herbs.”

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Guilford Bevil Reed: “Studies in plant oxidases.”
William Henry Weston, Jr.: “On the development of Thraus-
totheca, with a comparative examination of Dictyuchus.”

CoLuMBIA UNIVERSITY
Arthur Percival Tanberg: “Experiments on the amylase of
Aspergillus Orygal.”

CORNELL UNIVERSITY

Elmer Eugene Barker: “ Heredity studies in the morning glory
([pomea purpurea).”

Harry Phillip Brown: ‘ Growth studies in forest trees.”

Leonard Amby Maynard: “ The fixation of nitrogen by sweet
clover.”

George Adin Osner: “Leaf smut of timothy.”

William Jacob Robbins: “ Digestion of starch by Penicillium
camemberti.”

17

Joseph Rosenbaum: “The Phytophthora disease of ginseng.”

Constantine Demetry Sherbakoff: “ Fusaria of potatoes.”

James Kennith Wilson: “ Physiological studies of Bacillus radi-
cicola of soy bean (Sojus max Piper) and of factors influencing
nodule production.”

Tue Jouns Hopkins UNIVERSITY
John Wesley Shive: “A study of physiological balance in nu-
trient media resulting in a simplified culture solution for plants.”

YALE UNIVERSITY

Isaac Faust Harris: “ Chemical and physiological studies of the
castor bean and soy bean.”

Henry Daggett Hooker, Jr.: “ Thermotropism and hydrotro-
pism.”

Unrversity oF ILLINOIS

Demetrius Ion Andronescu: “The physiology of the pollen of
Zea Mays with special regard to vitality.”

George Leo Peltier: “ Parasitic Rhizoctonias in America.”

Frank Archibald Wyatt: “The influence of calcium and mag-
nesium compounds on plant growth.”

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
Helen Margaret Gilkey: “A revision of the Tuberales of Cali-
fornia.”
Richard Morris Holman: “The orientation of terrestial roots
with particular reference to the medium in which they are grown.”
Harry Stanley Yates: “ The comparative histology of certain
California Boletaceae.”

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
George Herbert Coons: “A study of the factors involved in
the growth and pycnidia formations of Plenodomus Fusco-
Maculans.”
Adrian John Pieters: “The relation between vegetative vigor
and reproduction in some Saprolegniaceae.”

18

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

John Young Pennypacker: “Observations on the beach plum:
a study in plant variation.”

David Walter Steckbeck: “ Comparative histology and irrita-
bility of sensitive plants.”

Heber Wilkinson Youngken: “The comparative morphology,
taxonomy and distribution of the Myricaceae of the eastern United
States.”

WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY

Alva Raymond Davis: “Enzyme action in the marine algae.”

William Harrison Emig: “ The occurrences in nature of certain
fungi pathogenic for man and higher animals.”

Joseph Charles Gilman: “‘ Cabbage yellows and the relation of
temperature to its occurrence.”

Melvin Clarence Merrill: “ The electrolytic determination of
exosmosis from the roots of plants subjected to the action of
various agents.”

Lee Oras Overholts: “ Comparative studies in the Polyporaceae.”

INDIANA UNIVERSITY
Fermen Layton Pickett: “ Arisaema triphyllum: a biological
study.”
UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA
Richard Hans Boerker: “ Ecological investigations with certain
forest trees.”
Clarence Jerome Elmore: “The diatoms (Bacillarioideae) of
Nebraska.”
CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY
Daniel Da Cruz: “A contribution to the life history of Liliam
tenuifolium.”

Be WO;
NOTES

Thirteen bids were received by the Board of Park Commission-
ers on October 28, 1915, for the completion of our laboratory
building and plant houses. The lowest bidders for general con-
struction were Frymier & Hanna, $140,228.00, for heating and
ventilating, Adams Britz Company, $16,928.00, and for plumb-

19

ing, C. Nally, $7,569.00. The contract with Frymier & Hanna
was executed by the contractor on November 20, and excavation
for the foundation began on December 1.

The first bunch of bananas to be grown at the Garden was
harvested on October 23, and specimens were sent to trustees and
members of the various staffs of the Institute, and to other friends
of the Garden. There were over 250 bananas on the bunch, and
the total weight was 170 pounds.

The New York Section of the National Nature Study Associ-
ation met at the Garden on October 30, at 10:30 a. m. At the
close of the business session a brief address was given by the di-
rector on the aims and work of the Garden, the relation of botanic
gardens to nature study in the schools, and the desirability of
establishing botanic gardens more generally in American cities.
At the close of the session the members were conducted through
the conservatories and the Japanese Garden.

Among recent visitors to the Garden was Dr. H. Terao, botanist
of the Imperial Agricultural Experiment Station, Tokio, Japan,
who called on November 10. Dr. Terao plans to spend the re-
mainder of the academic year at the Bussey Institution, Harvard
University, investigating problems in plant breeding. He was
very favorably impressed with our Japanese Garden, pronouncing
it the most perfect one he had seen in America.

Owing to the prolonged season of Indian summer, many species
of plants remained in bloom out of doors until as late as Novem-
ber 15.

On Tuesday afternoon, December 7, a meeting of the New
York City Federation of Women’s Clubs was held at the Chil-
dren’s Museum, Brooklyn, to consider the topic, “ What our city
is doing for children.” The speakers were Mrs. Janet D. Cheney,
chairman of the art department of the Washington Irving high
school, New York, Dr. C. Stuart Gager, director of the Brooklyn
Botanic Garden, Mrs. John Francis Yawger, New York City,
Mrs. Henry D. Annable, chairman of the Alliance of Women’s
Clubs of Brooklyn, Miss Anna B. Gallup, curator of the Chil-

51, a eases

20

dren’s Museum, and Mr, Orrin C. Cox, of the Board of Censor-
ship of Motion Pictures, of the People’s Institute. The meeting
was under the chairmanship of Mrs. John J. Schoonhoven.

The members of the first class to complete the course for the
preparation of teachers of children’s gardens have organized the
Garden Teachers Association of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.
The objection of the association is primarily to further the chil-
dren’s garden work at the Botanic Garden. All students who
hereafter complete the course are eligible to active membership.
At the exercises marking the close of the second season of the
children’s gardens, held on September 24-25, 1915, the associa-
tion awarded a bronze cup as a special prize to the child who
had done the most satisfactory work in our children’s gardens for
two consecutive years
director of the Garden addressed the Rhode

On December 15 the
at Providence, on the effects of

Island Horticultural Society,
electricity and radium rays on plants.

The first souvenir post cards to be issued by the Garden, com-
prising eleven views of the Japanese garden in both summer and
winter, were placed on sale during December, 1915. They may
be had in photo prints at five cents each, and in half-tone repro-
ductions (like the frontispiece in this issue of the Rrecorp), at
two for five cents. A double card, showing a panoramic view
of the entire Japanese garden, may be had for ten cents in photo
print, and five cents in half-tone reproduction,

The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and. Sciences

OFFICERS OF THE BoarRp
OF TRUSTEES
BOS car AUGUSTUS HEALY
"| First: Vice-Presipent— ———_
Seconp’ Vice-Presipent—HORACE J: MORSE
Turep VicE-PRESIDENT—WALTER H. CRITTENDEN
TREASURER—DANIEL V. B, HEGEMA AN.
Secrerary—HERMAN: STUTZER

Se ee ON Boren GARDEN
ALFRED T. WHITE

WALTER H, CRITTENDEN GEORGE D, PRATT
' > ALBERT DeSILVER . WILLIAM A. PUTNAM

GATES D. FAHNESTOCK HERMAN STUTZER

Ex OFFICIO MEMBERS OF THE Boa RD
- THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK
THE PRESIDENT OF THE BOROUGH OF. BROOKLYN
THE COMMISSIONER OF PARKS, BOROUGH ‘OF ‘BROOKLYN.

PUBLICATIONS
OF THE
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN

_. RECORD. Paonia January, 1912. An administrative ‘periodical,
issued quarterly. Contains, among other things, ee nntial. report of the
director and heads of desaticae special reports, notincemerits of courses
of instruction, miscellaneous papers, and notes eae Garden progress _
»-and events. Free to members of the Garden and of the Department of
‘Botany of the Institute. .To others. one dollar a year ; 25 cents a copy.
CONTR IBUTIONS. Papers originally published in botanical or other
periodicals, reissued as “ separates,” without change of paging, os eae
consecutively. This series includes occasional papers, as well as those em-
bodying the results of research done at the Garden, or by sere of its staff.
or students. Twenty-five nt URC S constitute one volume. Price 25 cents ~
each, $5.00 a ene
“1, The educational work of botanic Watins 13 pages. IQII..:
2. The purpose of an imtroductory course in botany. 8 pages. IQ1I.
3. Cryptomeric inheritance in Onagra. 1% pages, figs. 2; plates 2. 1911)
4. On the origin and, present ae hu at of the pane: -barrens of New
Jersey. 15 pages, figs. 2. 1912
s) Digoeing sprouts of Solanum ee 10 pages, figs. 6; plate 1.
1Qt2,
6. I ntermingling of perennial sporophytic and gametophytic generations wn
- Puccina, P. obtegens and Uromyces Glycyrrhizae. 15 pages, 1 plate. 1913.

7. Studies of teratological Pog ene im thew relation to soiluhon and the
problems of heredity. 1. A study of certain floral abnormalities in Nico-
tiana, etc. 14 pages, ee 4. oe

. Some. observations on the formation of the capuhivum and the deveiop-
ment of Physarella nivale Peck and han: fusca Roth, 15 pages,
2. plates. 1914.
<Q) he growth: “forms it the flora of New Y ork and. Zidane Q pages.

IOI!

GUIDES to the collections, buildings, and grounds. Price based upon cost
of es |
. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden. “Price, 5 cents.

al ote ‘Established April 10, 1913, and published weekly or bi-
weekly during April, May, June, September, and October. The purpose of
the Leaflets is primarily to give announcements concerning flowering and.
- other plant activities to be seen in the Garden near the date of issue, and to’
give popular, elementary information about plant life for teachers and others.
Current numbers free to all who wish them. Back series re, 50 cts.
each; back numbers, 5 cts. each. |

SEED LIST. Issued in December of each year. ;

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY.” Established, January, 1914,
Published, in cooperation with the BoTantcat Society, oF AMERICA,
monthly, except during August and September. Subscription rates: to mem-
bers of the Botanical Society of America, $3.00 a year; to all others $4.00
a year.

BROOKLYN

Vou. V Roster te ae APRIL, 1916 No. 2
EDITED BY
C. STUART GAGER
pee ees CONTENTS
PAGE
. Fifth Rona apart of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, TOTS sees eee eee aee BT
Report of the Director eet tak
Report of the Curator of Pla 51
Report of the ee e Public Instruction. 57
Report of the Librar dntakeey 68
Financial pe as He 1015 82
_ x, Municipal Account . ie Shenton aks
“2. Private Funds Accounts ...... Bale ae meee OA
3. Corporate Stock Accounts cae 86
Appendices Peart yen caver en we Birt eae ve erie ce ee BO

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY
AT 41 NORTH QUEEN: STREET
AEN a Se a pe - LANCASTER, PAG

BY THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

5 Entered as second-class matter in the Post-office at Teneaten Pa.,
under of AM 2 24, 192

BOTANIC GARDEN STAFF

Dr. C. STUART GAGER, Director
Mr. NORMAN TAYLOR, Curator of Plants
Dr. EDGAR W. OLIVE, Curator of Public Instruction
| Dr. O. E. WHITE, Curator of Plant Breeding
Miss ELLEN EDDY SHAW, Coibutor of Elementary Instruction
Miss.BERTHA M. EVES, Secretary
Dr. LAURA E. WATSON BENEDICT, Librarian .
‘Dr, ALFRED L. GUNDERSEN, Assistant Curator of the Herbarium
Miss JEAN A. CROSS, Assistant Curator of Elementary Instruction
Dr. WILLIAM MANSFIELD, Honorary Curator of Bronomic Plants
Mr. HAROLD A. CAPARN, Consulting Landscape Architect
Mr. MONTAGUE FREE, Head Gardener
Mr. FRANK STOLL, Laboratory Assistant
, Garden Atd
Mr. HERMAN KOLSH, Foreman

McKIM, MEAD & WHITE, Architects
OLMSTED BROS., Landscape Architects

THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN

RECORD

VoL. V April, 1916 No. 2

FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BROOKLYN
BOTANIC GARDEN, 1915

REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR
To THE GovERNING COMMITTEE OF THE BOTANIC GARDEN:

Gentlemen: I have the honor to submit herewith the fifth an-
nual report of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, of the Brooklyn In-
stitute of Arts and Sciences, for the year ending December 31,
IQI5.

Five Years of Development

fistorical.—The thirtieth of June, 1915, marked the close of
our first five years of development. The Brooklyn Botanic Gar-
den came into legal existence with the execution of the first
agreement between the City of New York and the Brooklyn
Institute concerning the Garden. This agreement was signed, on
behalf of the City, by Mayor George M. McClellan, on December
28, 1909, four days before he retired from office ; but the appoint-
ment of the first director did not take effect until six months later,
namely July 1, roro. :

Aims and Results——One of the first duties of the director was
to prepare, at the request of the Committee on Botanic Garden,
a plan of development for the first five years. The plan pro-
vided for an organization to be realized at the end of that period

21

22

comprising, in addition to the director, a staff of eight of the
rank of curator (including the librarian) and assistant curator, a
secretary, head gardener, three gardeners, a photographer, and
the usual assistants for such a staff, in addition to an engineer,
fireman, night watchman, and day laborers. For the realization
of the plan it was anticipated that the budget for maintenance for
the fifth year would be $36,960.

It has been possible for the Garden to realize the program laid
down with only minor changes. The municipal appropriation
for maintenance for the fifth year (1915) was $37,124.50—less
than two hundred dollars in excess of the amount anticipated.
The city appropriation for maintenance has been supplemented
by generous donations of private funds, in addition to those pro-
vided for the building up of our collections, and the prosecution
of research, and this has made it possible for us to accomplish
somewhat more than was initially planned.

From an existence wholly on paper on January 1, 1910, and a
staff of one in temporary quarters on July 1, 1910, the Garden
has grown to a scientific staff of twelve, occupying a portion of
its own building and plant houses, with a monthly pay roll of 29
persons, and a weekly pay roll averaging nearly 14 persons dur-
ing the open season, with nearly 50 acres of land, an endowment
over one half as large again as the original amount, a rapidly
erowing library of nearly 4,000 volumes and nearly 6,000 pam-
phlets, a steadily increasing herbarium of over 110,000 speci-
mens, plantations comprising nearly 3,500 species, and other
scientific collections, and real estate having an assessed valuation
of over $2,700,000.

The Garden as a Public Institution

Obligation to the Public—The purpose of a botanic garden is
the increase and diffusion of a knowledge and love of plants, and
a garden supported in large part by public taxation is under
special obligation to render to the general public—to all the people
—as large a measure of direct returns as possible, consistent with
the entire purpose and best interests of the institution.

Ways of Serving the Public—This obligation may, to a large

23

extent, be discharged by laying suitable emphasis on the second
half of the aim just stated, namely the diffusion of a knowledge
and love of plants; and this is accomplished by labeled collec-
tions, indoors and out, by popular lectures and publications, by
courses of instruction in various branches of botany, by giving,
without charge, information on all phases of plant life, and by
cooperation in various ways with the instruction in geography,
nature study, and botany in the public and private schools of the
City.

From the broad standpoint of general education and culture,
and as one of the most potent influences in arousing in the people
an enthusiasm for the ideal of a city beautiful, one can hardly
imagine anything more effective than to create and foster a knowl-
edge and love of plant life, in all its varied phases.

A publicly supported botanic garden is also in a position to
give reliable information to the department of parks on the care
of trees and shrubs in streets and parks, and especially on the
treatment and prevention of destructive diseases to which they
are subject.

Our own Garden, through its department of public instruction,
and otherwise, has been able to render such services, and to meet
increasing demands for them on the part of the public. Now
that the Garden is becoming better known in the City, requests
for information and advice are of almost daily occurrence. Our
distribution of seeds to school children, and the children’s gardens
may be mentioned as two of the numerous ways 1n which the
Garden meets a variety of public needs.

"A botanic garden is, moreover, of special benefit in a large city
by the mere fact of being a garden or park, thereby offering an
additional breathing space, and a place of natural beauty where
one may keep in touch with growing things, and retire from the
noise and dust and confusion of the city streets; in fact it minis-
ters in a unique way to the educational, aesthetic, and recreational
needs of a city population.

The Garden as a Scientific Institution

Need of Investigation—But a botanic garden that confined its
activities merely to the diffusion of knowledge already known

24

would not only fail to make the most of its opportunities, it would
thereby greatly restrict its usefulness and efficiency. “The assem-
bling and proper care of a large collection of plants, native and
exotic, demands a staff of highly trained and experienced spe-
cialists in botany and horticulture; men who are not only pos-
sessed of such knowledge of plant life as has already been ascer-
tained, within the range of their special interests, but who are
competent and desirous of extending our knowledge of plants.
Much of this new knowledge (e. g., in plant pathology and plant
breeding) may become immediately applicable in the care of our
collections and otherwise, some of it may find its so-called “ prac-
tical” use only later; but one can never tell when some bit of re-
liable scientific information may become of the utmost importance
in our daily affairs; research, therefore, should not be restricted
to what may seem, in advance, to be useful or usable. Certain
it is that if a botanic garden is to be more than a park, if it is to
be in reality a scientific institution, it must be administered by
men who are not only competent to extend the boundaries of our
knowledge, but whose services cannot be secured and retained
unless time and opportunity are given for such work.

It can hardly be overemphasized that, however valuable the
diffusion of popular information may be, and however appropriate
as a function of an institution supported in whole or in part by
public money, the work of extending the limits of our knowledge
is vastly more important, for it is fundamental to the former
activity, vitalizing both it and those engaged in it; Said Presi-
dent Butler in his last annual report to the trustees of Columbia
University : “So long as the spirit of research dominates the uni-
versity and is its major interest, just so long will its teaching be
kept fully alive and just so long will its public service be real and
vitalizing. To organize and to stimulate research, therefore, is
the university’s chief business.”

The same is equally true of a botanic garden which aims to be
an educational and scientific institution ; its public service will be
real and vitalizing and its teaching fully alive so long, and only
so long, as it is dominated by the spirit of investigation, and the
members of its staff are actively engaged in scientific research.

The plan of our building, approved by the trustees and the

25

municipal authorities, includes a number of private research
rooms, in addition to other features having the same implication.
It is anticipated that, within one year from the publication
of this report, we shall be occupying the completed building.
Plans should be developed at once for putting the building to
the full uses for which it is intended.

Our work of popular education is now thoroughly organized;
that it will move forward by both pushes and pulls, as well as by a
well-developed momentum of its own, is now assured ; our danger
to guard against is a smug contentment in feeling that we are
accomplishing our full duty and making the most of our oppor-
tunities by only this. The director, therefore, urges upon the
Committee that, from the standpoint of the fundamental wel-
fare and vitality of the Garden, no more important problem will
be before us during the next five years, than the organization
here of botanical research, and making ample provision for its
support. This Garden, with its strategic location and the unsur-
passed equipment it will shortly possess, should become one of
the recognized centers of botanical investigation in the United
States.

Public Support of Research—That scientific research—the ex-
tension of knowledge for its own sake as well as for its prac-
tical applications—should receive public support is self-evident
to those who have given thoughtful consideration to the matter.
This is not the place to present the evidence im extenso, but a
passage from Louis Agassiz, one of our greatest citizens, as well
as one of the world’s greatest scientists, may appropriately be
quoted in this connection:

“ And let me say that the community should foster the purely
intellectual efforts of scientific men as carefully as they do their
elementary schools and their practical institutions, generally con-
sidered so much more useful and important to the public. From
what other source shall we derive the higher results that are
generally woven into the practical resources of our life, except
from the researches of those very men who study science, not for
its uses, but for its truth.”

26

Appropriation for Additional Building

The most important event during the year, and in fact during
the entire history of the Garden, was the provision last spring,
by private gift and city appropriation, of the sum of $200,000
to make possible the completion of our buildings, and other per-
manent improvements. The events leading up to this were as
follows:

The contract for the erection of the first sections of the labora-
tory building and plant houses was let on January 18, 1912, a
little over two years after the execution of the agreement (De-
cember 10, 1909) between the City and the Institute providing
for the establishment of the Garden, and a year and a half after
the appointment of the first director. Owing to exasperating de-
lays, these sections, comprising only one fifth of the laboratory
building and about one sixth of the plant houses, were not com-
pleted until the latter part of September, 1913, one year and eight
months after the ground was broken.

These first sections were considerably outgrown by the work
of the Garden before they were occupied, but difficult adjustments
were cheerfully made, in the expectation that funds for additional
sections would be provided by the City within a few months. In
response to the growing needs of the Garden and the demands
of the public, the staff increased from four (its maximum num-
ber during the occupation of temporary quarters in the Museum
Building) to twelve; the library and herbarium entirely outgrew
their temporary quarters, collections of exotic living plants con-
tinued to be received by gift and otherwise until the small plant
houses were congested to the extreme limit ; herbarium and filing
cases, desks and storage shelves overflowed into the hall and up
into the small attic. The public office with two desks, two occu-
pants, iron safe, and filing cabinets continued to occupy a room
seven feet by eleven, intended originally as a private research

room for one person.

In fact, by May, 1915, a year and a half after the first section
was occupied, over three years after it was begun, and five years,
lacking one month, after the first director entered upon his duties,
the situation had become impossible. The Garden could make

27

no further progress in any direction; stand still we could not—
we must either advance or go backwards.

Meanwhile unprecedented conditions throughout the world, ag-
gravated by the European war, the drain upon the finances of the
city, owing to the enormous cost of subway construction and to
other things, all combined to postpone any action by the Board of
Estimate and Apportionment on our request for an appropriation
of $128,000 for the construction of two additional sections of
the building and plant houses (leaving two for’ later construc-
tion). The request was before that body without action for over
one year from January 23, 1914.

Early in April the situation and the outlook were thoroughly
reviewed at a conference between the chairman of the Committee
on Botanic Garden and the Director, and on April 26, 1915, the
chairman, Mr. Alfred T. White, sent the following communica-
tion to the City Comptroller:

“APRIL 26, IQI5.
Hon. Witi1AM A. PRENDERGAST, Comptroller,
New York City

Dear Sir:

The Brooklyn Botanic Garden comprises about forty acres of Park
lands adjacent, as you know, to Prospect Park. Although these grounds

ve been owned by the City for fifty years, they have been practically
little used by the seo of Brooklyn until the Botanic Garden was ini-
tiated, in December , through the lease of the lands to the Brooklyn
Institute of Arts ee Sciences for that purpose. The assessed valuation

corporate stock for improvement of the grounds and buildings. This
amount has been expended in doing most of the necessary grading, a part
of the top-soiling, the construction of the most necessary walks and the
erection of the first sections of the instruction building and plant houses.
These sections cannot, however, be used for the purposes for which they
were intended without the completion of the buildings. It also remains
to complete the grading and soil improvement, the construction of a
siderable length of fence, ee and turnstiles, some additional walks aa
much needed propagating house

fter reviewing careful cane of the cost of the above work, I
believe that it can be accomplished for $200,000; and realizing the many
directions in eas the City is being pressed for the issue of corporate
stock, I desire to propose to the Corporate Stock Committee that if the
City shall scat half of the sum necessary for this expenditure, say

Pu

$100,000, I will undertake to raise by private contributions an equal sum,
so that the grounds and buildings may be progressed rapidly to completion.
hese expenditures will, in my judgment, obviate the necessity of ask-
ing further issues of corporate stock for several years. They will enable
us to meet the demands from the public schools for the classes of children
who desire to study at the Garden, which we are now unable to meet, and
will also serve to complete and throw open the entire Garden for the recre-
ation of the general public; in other words, will make the whole of the
large investment of the City available for the public good.
Very respectfully yours,
Signed ALFrep T. WHITE.”

The reply of the Comptroller, under date of May 6, 1915, was
as follows:

“May 6, IQI5.
Mr. Atrrep T. Wuite, Chairman,
Committee on Botanic Garden,
Brooklyn Botanic Garden,
Brooklyn, New York.
Dear Sir:

At a meeting of the Corporate Stock Budget Committee yesterday, the
proposition contained in your letter of April twenty-sixth regarding the
completion of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden work was considered.

I have been authorized to say to you that the Committee will accept the
proposition you have made; it is understood that $200,000 will complete
the work. I will be very glad indeed to discuss with you further details
of this matter.

Very truly yours,
(Signed) Wm. A. PRENDERGAST,
Comptroller.”

A letter of May 11, 1915, from Mr. White to the Comptroller,
in reply to his communication of the sixth, contained the follow-
ing paragraphs:

“Referring to my letter of April 26th and your favor of May 6th in
reply thereto, I am pleased to inform you that I have secured by private
subscription One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000), to be given to
the City towards the completion of the buildings and other development
of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, on the understanding that the City will
appropriate an equal amount of corporate stock for a similar purpose.
shall be prepared to collect and turn over to you the entire contribution
from private sources at any time you may request.

Although almost the entire sum of $200,000 will be needed for the com-

29

pletion of the buildings, I trust there will be some small portion available
for the improvement of the grounds, and therefore would suggest, if
agreeable to you, that the fund might be given the general designation of
Brooklyn Botanic Garden Improvement Fund, which would, I presume,
make it available for either purpose. . .

Let me repeat the assurance Berd given you, that no further issues
of corporate stock will be asked on behalf of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden
during the term of the present administration.”

The check for $100,000, contributed on behalf of the Brooklyn
Institute of Arts and Sciences, by the chairman of the Com-
mittee on Botanic Garden and by the two donors of the original
endowment of the Garden, was transmitted to the Comptroller
on May 26, 1915.

The report of the Committee on Corporate Stock Budget, of
the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, recommending the
issue of $100,000 corporate stock is recorded in the’ minutes of
the meeting of the Board for June 11, 1915. Under Rule 19
the matter was laid over for one week, the resolution to authorize
the appropriation of $100,000 being passed by the Board of Esti-
mate and Apportionment on June 18, 1915; a certified copy of the
resolution was transmitted to the Board of Aldermen on June
22, 1915, with a recommendation for adoption, and was adopted
by the Board on July 6, 1915. The resolution was approved by
the Mayor on July 16, r915.*

In the meantime the original plans for the laboratory building
were carefully reconsidered and fundamentally revised in the
light of five years of actual experience. Although the disadvan-
tage of the long delay in the completion of the building can
hardly be exaggerated,; still there was some advantage, for the
building as now planned will not only be better suited to our
needs, but will contain more room than was originally intended,
owing to the decision to excavate under the entire structure north
of the central pavilion.

The matter of revision of plans et cetera was referred to the
Governing Committee of the Botanic Garden with power, by the
Board of Trustees on June 10, 1915, and final plans and specifi-

* See Appendixes 5-7.
y The situation was presented in detail in the preceding Annual Report,
Brooklyn Botanic Garden Recorp 4: 41-43. Ap IQIS5.

30

cations were approved by the Board of Estimate and Apportion-
ment of the City on September 24.*

Bids for the contract were opened on October 28 from the
following firms, and excavation began on December 1. The offi-
cial time began on December 20, and the specifications call for
the completion of the work within 300 working days.

List oF Bips For THE COMPLETION OF THE BotANIc GARDEN BUILDINGS

General Construction

t.Lbryimier a bianne CoN YU. Howser). 26 iste $140,228
2 hos: Weel cow el nt... cuhvahaeecaed en cea acts 147,235
is Bevis Oni! COs hc main anc aoe ayc Pty, 2 ae een an 155,000
Ave Joni Bradwvuas CO seco air a Pees a rene 155,480
Bee POS) lho WWalteEsy GOs a cthcn sts eeee ako wales cide mee, ila 156,956
6. Sto Wer COnst. CO ick; scale hashuanacatelealsloeeete Maree 159,580
Vib s ls Carlen ac Ost COs ac.c0 taken ti hate rere 166,600
Si WalliamiceWeerier feiss iO wily Oe re ees 160,986
Oa Tae AC lar hel COM sieu hich: fo its calhche ce AG and coe mle a ee 169,300
TO} Jieler ease: CO 5 ys.nsvege ahs pte wae ohio OME eee 171,400
16s GRR" Arca! [ml 9077 eng CR Heit SAGE Tee ea 171,871
12. Marble Archi Co serene ehcp iteres: Ga ass We 174,000
(aoe miersat he itor tit. oe eta wena eee et 186,000
Heating
PA dams: Brigit Com (Ow ese) i sncirss cent eae teh ier $ 16,928
2) ig Heating CO gts frst oP eh cree Eien 17,750
3: Tan, Mahaney so Munro <acfc. beat ates 17,975
4. Wells OF INO WAOl aoe heen ir casi Gaede emia eee 109,681
Plumbing
Te AeA A OWS IC Are vita Pana icq dh onleh eid tm ty ance $ 7,569
Ai cae cleat «Sito al aa gear dae rere ee Ree eet rene ee eer ao Seria 7,890
3. Jas. Har es Plumbing (20 nh ceta ho ee 7,991
Ai NS, sled CTI as rete toe gt oh aed dead et tent eee 8,358
5. Jas Harley soot pisces eis wal Da arnt heer ane 8,440
Ge Sy ALCOR NOUS) =e tes S20 fahren WP oes et eh Meenas oes 8,506
We Cehas.; Wallan s venhse8 soc a Ree i ened se ee, 8,908
8. Wells . oe fire Bcc ah Nt pce cheat a ee 9,291
Oss Jeu Belrords ate beige cc) anak eo ene ters Pee eae 9,488
10. Jas. eee recede ie os ee tia tae i ier ce ee 9,900

* See Appendix 8.

31

Total Amount of Lowest Bids

Ccheralm@onsint Chore =e ern | ee eee eee $140,288
JB UCPN AD ANee 5 anc peatit aeetnr rl Mae eta een ue Ec cee hint 16,928
IPANGiC am OTL aYS, xcs 2 OSE ce ta a On ee kaon a en 7,569
$164,725

Architects’ and Engineers’ Fees ............ FE ase ne 7,500
ELC Gall Meri eso et re lke nos te Rene I $172,225

New Walks——On March 5, the Board of Estimate and Appor-
tionment approved plans and specifications of Olmsted Bros., for
the construction of walks and drainage on the south addition, op-
posite the Willinck entrance to Prospect Park, in the sum of
$4,350, to be paid out of a balance of $5,012 on city appropria-
tion C.D.P. 200K for the construction of walks. These walks,
of bituminous macadam, are so arranged as to facilitate direct
passage across the property between Washington and Flatbush
Avenues, in accordance with the terms of the agreement of
August 17, 1914, by which the land was transferred to the Insti-
tute by the City for botanic garden purposes. The contractor
was Louis J. Sieling, of Manhattan, whose bid was $3,762. The
contract time was 45 working days from May 14, and the work
was completed on July 15.

Repair of Old Walks.—During September the walks laid by
DiMenna & DePaolo in 1914 were reinspected by the landscape
architects, and the contractors have made all the repairs indicated.
The work has now been finally accepted.

New Fence—As no unincumbered balances on corporate stock
accounts of the City were available for the fencing in of the south
addition, as a new appropriation for this purpose by the City was
out of the question for 1915, and as the need of the fence was
imperative, your Committee, at its meeting of February 3, 1915,
authorized its chairman and the director of the Garden to make
contracts for the fencing and turnstiles, the cost of the same to
be met from private funds to be raised by subscription.

On February 19 an order was placed with the J. L. Mott Iron
Works for the construction of the fence, exclusive of turnstiles
and gates, for the sum of $1,984.40. The work was completed
on June 5. The contract included the removal of the old fence

32.

along the original southern boundary of the Garden, and the re-
pair and resetting of the party-line fence along the west edge of
the Brighton Beach R. R. cut, extending from Washington Ave.
to Malbone St. This latter part of the work has not yet been
done, owing to delays in readjusting the boundary line with the
railroad company.

Entrance Gates and Turnstiles—Since our entire grounds will
soon be intensively planted with labeled plants, each one a scien-
tific specimen with accession number, and may of them rare and
not easily replaced, and also for other reasons, it is necessary. for
us to control all entrance and exit to the grounds, as well as to
the laboratory building and plant houses. It is also desirable to
have an accurate register of attendance, and to accomplish these
ends, if possible, without the expense of an attendant at each of
the five or six gates. This can be done with an automatically
registering entrance turnstile, and exits which would permit
persons remaining in the Garden after closing hours to leave
without admitting others.

Mr. George M. Beerbower, chief engineer of the New York
Zoological Park, became interested in our problem and very kindly
consented to devise the turnstiles and exit gates, since nothing
suitable could be obtained in the open market. For the turnstiles
the difficult problem was a device that would register once, and
only once, for each entrance, and would discourage the twirling
of the stile by boys. Moreover it was necessary to allow for the
passage of baby carriages.

y devices of his own invention Mr. Beerbower succeeded in
meeting most of the demands, and a season’s experience will
demonstrate with what degree of success. Four gates were
equipped during the fall and early winter.

The Garden is deeply indebted to Mr. Beerbower for his per-
sonal interest and attention, to the end that our needs might be
met with entire satisfaction.

Attendance.—The total attendance for the year, including the
four months when the conservatories and laboratory building
only, but not the grounds, were open to the public, was over
71,600. Omitting the four months just mentioned, the smallest
attendance was in August, a month when people are absent from

33

the City in large numbers, and when the nearby seashore offers
superior attraction for hot weather. The largest attendance was
in November, which, in 1915, was an unusually beautiful month,
with a prolonged season of Indian summer.

Japanese Garden

New Planting—During the early spring about 170 azaleas and
other shrubs were planted in the Japanese garden, bulbs of Ger-
man and of Japanese Iris were placed near the border of the
lake at several places, and thirty or forty honey-locusts and
Scotch pines were planted north and west of the garden to serve
as a screen between it and the large Museum building. A chry-

santhemum bed, surrounded by peonies, was laid out and planted
just east of the entrance to the tea-house, and a narrow gravel
path was also made along the edge of the lake from the tea-house
to the moon-view house. All of this work was done under the
personal supervision of the designer of the garden, Mr. T. Shiota.
One of the chief dangers of a Japanese garden in the hands
of American gardeners is the temptation to convert it into a flower
garden. This results partly from a feeling that a blaze of color
is characteristically Japanese, and partly from a failure to under-
stand the purpose and essentials of a Japanese Garden. One or
two rather extensive and costly Japanese gardens in America have
been practically ruined, from the Japanese point of view, by being
transformed into flower gardens, following American ideas.
‘Wisdom dictates that we should keep close to Japanese gardeners
in our treatment of the Japanese garden from year to year. So far,
many competent critics of Japanese art have assured us that our
garden is a close realization of the Japanese ideal, and is, in fact,
not surpassed in America for the faithfulness with which it
represents this unique form of art.

Formal Opening.—On Friday afternoon, May 7, from 4 until
6, the trustees and their friends enjoyed a preliminary inspection
of the Japanese garden. A complete Inari shrine outfit was in-
stalled in the temple for the first time on this occasion. A full
account of the affair appeared in the Recorp for July, 1915. On
Saturday, June 5, the Japanese garden and entire botanic garden
grounds (which had been closed to the public for a little over one

j4

year on account of grading and the construction of new walks)
were thrown open to inspection by members of the Garden and
their friends, and were opened to the general public on the fol-
lowing day.

Preparation of Description and Guide—During the early sum-
mer Mr. Shiota completed a description and guide to the Jap-
anese garden, written in Japanese. After two or three unsatis-
factory attempts to secure a good translation of the manuscript
into English in this country, arrangements were made through
Prof. K. Miyake, professor of botany at the Botanical Institute
of the Agricultural College, Tokyo Imperial University, Komaba,
to have the translating done in Japan by a Japanese who had pre-
viously resided for over ten years in the United States, and who
has an American wife. The original manuscript was forwarded
to Prof. Miyake on October 29, and the manuscript of the trans-
lation is expected by the fore part of February, 1916.

Guarding and Care.—The inadequate municipal appropriation
for personal service for the year made it necessary to meet nearly
all the expense of care and guard duty in the Japanese garden
during 1915 out of private funds.

Photographing Restricted —After several weeks’ experience
with unrestricted photographing by visitors, and later with pho- |
tographing under written permission, your committee passed a
garden to the official photographer of the Garden. The rapidly
increasing number of amateur photographers, especially on the
more crowded Sundays and holidays, the undesirability of hav-
ing inferior or unauthorized photographs of the Garden offered
for sale (as occurred in one instance in violation of the written
permit), and the. plan of the Botanic Garden to offer for sale
official photographs and an illustrated guide, are the chief reasons
which led to the very wise action of the committee.

Plans for a Rock Garden
During the late fall the head gardener, Mr. Free, prepared a
sketch of the proposed rock garden. Specifications and more
accurate plans are being prepared by the engineer of the Park

35

Department, and it is anticipated that the rockery may be con-
structed in the early spring of 1916

Plantations

Work Done.—The report of the curator of plants, appended
hereto, gives a detailed statement of the year’s work in connec-
tion with the plantations. In addition to the regular gardeners
we employed an average of about 14 laborers a week from March
19 to November 5. In the busiest periods the force was increased
to from 20 to 22 men, and during the last two or three weeks it
was reduced to as few as three men, owing to insufficient funds
to employ more. Much urgent work had to remain undone owing
to the small appropriation for labor, and notwithstanding gen-

erous contributions of private funds for this purpose. The needs
for 1916 will be as great, if not greater, than in 1915.

In the gardening division proper, the principal events to be
mentioned here are the planting of four rows of flowering dog-
wood trees along the walks of the Museum esplanade, the coopera-
tive experiment with Holland bulbs in conjunction with the
United States Department of Agriculture, and the initiation of
our seed collecting and first Seed List, for exchange with other
botanic gardens. Requests were received and filled for 1,150
packets. Seeds received by us in return will be a means of
greatly enriching our collections of living plants. Other opera-
tions are listed in the report of the curator, pp. 51 to 57.

A careful inventory of plants actually growing has enabled us
to bring our office records up to date, and shows that as of De-
cember 31, 1915, there were growing in the Garden, in addition to
purely ornamental and screen plants, 2,840 species, representing
1,285 genera, besides 544 of doubtful specific identity.

Enlargement of Wild Flower Collections. Large numbers of
native wild flowers, collected on field trips, have been sent to the
Garden during the past season by members of the staff. The
Garden hopes soon to have under cultivation large groups of each
species that grows wild within 100 miles of Brooklyn. Gifts of
living plants, in quantity, for this collection will be greatly ap-
preciated.

36

Recommendation.—The suggestion in the report of the curator
of plants, of the desirability of building up our general systematic
collection with American plants is worthy of emphasis. As there
stated, practically all systematic collections in America, as well
as in European botanic gardens, are composed, almost wholly, of
plants of the flora of Europe. Many of our native plants are
equally beautiful, and interesting, and would serve the purpose
as well as those of a foreign flora. If this idea can be followed
out and gradually realized, we shall have a unique and unusually
interesting collection. The result can be accomplished only by
having special collections made for the Garden in the field

Conservatories

Inadequate Space-——The great congestion in our plant houses
as previoustly mentioned, has very seriously hindered the growth
of our tender and tropical collections; nevertheless, as much
progress has been made as could well be expected under the
circumstances.

Snow Guards—In order to obviate the danger of breakage
from snow sliding from the roof of the lantern of the economic
house, snow guards of wire mesh were placed on the lower roof,
near the base of the lantern in December.

Collection of Boston Fern Varieties —By cooperative arrange-
ment with Dr. Ralph Curtis Benedict, of Brooklyn, editor of the
American Fern Journal, the Garden was able to place on exhibi-
tion, during October, one of the most extensive collections of the
varieties of the Boston fern (Nephrolepis), ever assembled in
Greater New York. There were nearly seventy named varieties,
and invitations were sent, among others, to all the florists of
Brooklyn, for a preliminary view from October 8-10. A special
Leaflet was issued, descriptive of the exhibit.

Popularity of Economic House —The experience of the wast
year has emphasized in a striking manner the wisdom of develop-
ing the larger of our plant houses as an economic house, for the
exhibition of tender and tropical plants having a commercial or
economic value. These plants are not only attractive and in-
teresting, but the educational value of such an exhibit is very

37

great. The exhibit, which was entirely rearranged early in the
year, has been specially appreciated by teachers of geography and
nature study, who have brought their classes here in large num-
bers to study the collections. Among plants of special interest
that have fruited during the year may be mentioned the banana,
lemon, kumquat, citron, lime, grape-fruit, fig, pineapple, loquat,
papaw, besides such others as sugar-cane, ginger, sisal, Manila-
hemp, tea, coffee, chocolate, Para rubber, camphor, West Indian
cedar, Eucalyptus, date-palm, cocoanut palm, papyrus, vanilla,
and numerous others.

Australian Cycads.—The arrival on February 16 of a collection
of living plants of Australian cycads, collected especially for our
Garden, by cooperation with the botanic gardens at Rockhampton,
Queensland, was noted in the Recorp for July, 1915. Notwith-
standing the fact that, owing to the war conditions, the plants did
not reach us until about seven months after they were collected,
they have practically all done well under the care of the head
gardener. The species represented are Cycas media, Macrozamia
spiralis, Macrozamia Moorei, and Bowenia serrulata, with stami-
nate and carpellate specimens of each. They are not only of
much scientific interest and value, but will, in time, make very
beautiful specimens. Unless the new wings of the conservatories
are completed before next winter, we shall be in danger of losing
some of the plants on account of not being able to give them a
proper environment.

Library

Growth.—The accompanying report of the librarian records a
total of 3,804 books and 5,885 pamphlets; of these 771 books and
2,235 pamphlets were accessioned during the year. Two hun-
dred and twenty-four current periodicals are now regularly re-
ceived by gift, purchase or exchange. Special attention is called
to the valuable gift from the Hoagland Bacteriological Labora-
tory of 142 volumes of the Comptes Rendus de l Academy des
Sciences (Paris), and eight volumes of the Journal of the Royal
Microscopical Society of London.

The number of readers increases as much as could be expected
for a purely reference library, largely technical, and confined to

38

one branch of science, the total number recorded for the year
being 1,027.

Needs—As soon as the library moves into its permanent
quarters, on the completion of our building, its growth and proper
care will necessitate the full time of an assistant.

There are still many serious gaps in our files of botanical
periodicals. Some of these are expensive or rare and are becom-
ing more expensive and especially more difficult to secure each
year. A list of those urgently needed has a total cash value of
between $3,500 and $4,000.

Herbarium

Accessions—The total accessions for the year were 11,936
specimens, of which 3,465 were phanerogamic and 8,471 crypto-
gamic. Of these 10,583 were received by purchase, 1,315 by
collection, and 38 by gift.

Needs. (a) Assistance —Out of a total of 135,000 specimens,
more or less, about 10,000 are unmounted ; until they are mounted
they are practically inaccessible as scientific specimens for ready
reference. The curator of plants reports about 7,000 sheets
mounted this year, not counting the cryptogamic section. It is
anticipated that approximately 20,000 or 25,000 specimens will
be acquired in 1916. It seems, therefore, self-evident that the
proper care of the herbarium, including mounting and other labor,
will require, in addition to curatorial work, the entire time of an
assistant.

(b) Cases—The eight double-faced units of metal herbarium
cases, which we now have, accommodate about 100,000 sheets.
They are full. In addition we have about 22,500 mounted speci-
mens in temporary wooden cases, and over 10,000 unmounted
specimens in storage; in other words, additional metal cases, are
needed to accommodate approximately 32,500 specimens in addi-
tion to 20,000 or more specimens anticipated in 1916. This will
require four double-faced units.

The Staff
Librarian—Dr. Laura E. Watson Benedict, whose appoint-
ment was noted in my preceding annual report, entered upon her
duties as librarian on Monday, January 4.

39

Curator of Plant Breeding—On December 7, the assistant
curatorship of plant breeding was raised to a full curatorship, to
begin with January 1, 1916.

Curator of Elementary Instruction—On December 7, the title
of Miss Shaw’s position was changed from assistant curator of
public instruction to curator of elementary instruction, to take
effect January 1, 1916.

Instructor —The work of elementary instruction, including the
children’s gardens and teachers’ training course, reached such
proportions that additional assistance became necessary. The
services of Miss Jean A. Cross were secured for Saturday after-
noons, from April 17 to June 26, and on July t her appointment
as instructor on our regular staff became effective. On December
7 the title of her position was changed to assistant curator of
elementary instruction, to take effect on January 1, 1916. The
academic record and professional experience of Miss Cross is
given in the appended report of the curator of public instruction.

Laboratory Assistant—On September 1, Mr. Frank Stoll was
appointed laboratory assistant in place of Mr. Guy S. Bisby, who
resigned on May 3.

Assistant Secretary —Early in the year it became evident that
an assistant secretary of the Garden was absolutely necessary.
As no municipal appropriation had been requested for this posi-
tion in the budget for 1915 your Committee authorized the ex-
penditure of private funds for this salary.

Department of Public Instruction

Cooperation with Schools —The appended report of the curator
of public instruction records 60 talks and lectures given at public
and private schools during the year, with a total of 16,000 audi-
tors. Early in March posters were sent to all local schools, giving
a list of 18 talks to be given at the Garden on various topics
related to plant life, and closely correlated with the geography and
nature study work of the schools, and a similar poster, listing 17
talks, was distributed early in October. Largely in response to
this offer, two hundred and sixteen classes with their teachers,
comprising about 25,000 children, visited the Garden for regular
or special lectures, or demonstrations ; this is an average of nearly

40

22 classes a month for the ten months of the school year.
Children’s home gardens, to the number of 312, were visited and
supervised.

Requests from high schools for study and loan material, in-
cluding Petrie dishes with sterilized nutrient media, were about
double the number of those received in 1914.

Attendance.—The total attendance of visiting classes from local
schools was over 6,600, while the attendance at our own classes,
in regular courses of instruction, was over 9,100.

Course for Teachers—The course for the preparation of
teachers of children’s gardens was enriched by the addition of
new sub-courses, and the registration, totaling 4o for the year,
was nearly six times as large as in 1914, but only four persons
completed the course in time to receive certificates on De-
cember II.

Annual Children’s Garden Exhibit—A full report of the second
annual children’s garden exhibit may be found in the Garden
Recorp for October, 1915. About four times as many children
exhibited as at the first exhibit, the number reaching nearly
2,000.

Penny Packets of Seeds ——Over 85,600 penny packets of seeds
were distributed to school children during April. This is an in-
crease of more than 60,000 over the number distributed in 1914,
when the work was initiated.

Organization of Graduates—The organization, by our gradu-
ates, of the Garden Teachers’ Association of the Brooklyn Botanic
Garden has already been mentioned as a news item in the REcorp.
This is an evidence, not only of appreciation of our work, but of
enthusiastic loyalty to the Garden. Such an organization may,
in time, become a very potent influence in the affairs of any
educational institution.

Success of Our Graduates in Civil Service.—It speaks well for
the high character and thoroughness of our course for the
preparation of teachers of children’s gardens (as well as for the
individual herself) that one of the graduates of our first class,
Miss Maude Snedecker, stood first in the civil service examina-
tion on August 5, for school-farm attendant in Greater New
York, receiving 96 credits out of a possible 100. Another of our

41

graduates stood second on the written examination, but had not
had sufficient experience to rank second, on the final list.

Needs.—The needs of a larger area for the children’s garden,
of a children’s building on the site of their garden, of a lecture
hall, and additional class-room and laboratory space will all be
met by the new land acquired this year, and by the anticipated
completion of our laboratory building and a children’s building
next year.

Our greenhouse classes for children are, fees increasing to
a point quite beyond the capacity of the greenhouse now available
for that purpose, and undoubtedly the Garden will shortly be
obliged to consider the construction of a greenhouse wing for the
special accommodation of classes of both children and adults.

Investigations

Local Flora Studies —On January 30 was published the Flora
of the Vicinity of New York: A Contribution to Plant Geography,
by the curator of plants, Mr. Taylor. This work, of 683 pages,
was published as Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden,
Volume V. Its publication by the New York Garden was owing
to the fact that the work was initiated while the author was on
the staff of that institution, from 1909-1911, and was prosecuted
with the active cooperation of the director, Dr. N. L. Britton, who
freely placed all the facilities of that garden at the disposal of
Mr. Taylor. The book deals chiefly with the distribution of
the flora near Greater New York. It is more than a local flora,
since it is written from the phytogeographical point of view, and
is a contribution to the attempt to explain the origin and present
distribution of our local flora.

Mr. Taylor has also continued his studies during the year,
making numerous field trips for collection, and for a more in-
tensive study of the flora of Long Island. As an illustration of
the extent to which our knowledge of the flora of Long Island
is being extended by these studies, two maps are here given, one
showing the known distribution of the swamp honeysuckle
(Rhododendron viscosum) at the time our own explorations began
(January, 1914) and the other the known stations for the same
plant at the close of 1915 (fig. 3).

Ae

ae a pee

|

PIe.- 3. a erel survey of Tone Is feet A, showing ameeuion ee swamp ee ence
or azalea (Rhododendron viscosum), as illustrated by herbarium specimens, 1914. B, the same
n December, 1915. Similar maps have been made for all the native plants of Long Island.

GP

43

Numerous collecting trips by various members of the staff
have also served to enrich our herbarium and the local flora
section of our plantations.

lant Breeding —Investigations of heredity, variation and en-
vironment in peas, castor beans and corn have been carried on
during the year by Dr. White, resulting in throwing more light
on the laws governing the heredity of characters in these plants,
and by extension, on the laws of heredity in general. The chief
studies are being made in collaboration with the Bureau of Plant
Industry of the U. S. Department of Agriculture with peas, and
through help obtained from the Department, and from other
sources, over two hundred and fifty varieties from all parts of the
world have been collected and grown in the plant-breeding plots
of the Garden. Hundreds of crosses between these varieties have
been made, and through this means, it is hoped eventually to
make known the manner of inheritance of all the characters
which distinguish the numerous varieties and species of the genus
Pisum. The relation of some of these characters to different
environments is also being studied. It is needless to say that
such studies ultimately have a direct practical bearing on agri-
cultural and horticultural practice. At present the work is much
hampered through lack of sufficient greenhouse space for growing
winter cultures, and no considerable extension of the summer
work will be possible unless additional space can be secured for
out of door cultures.

In September, Miss Stella G. Streeter, teacher of biology in the
Jersey City high school, registered for graduate study, and is
investigating, under Dr. White’s direction, the inheritance of
seed-coat color and its relation to other characters in peas.

In addition to the above mentioned studies of the assistant
curator of plant breeding, Dr. Ralph Curtis Benedict has prose-
cuted at the Garden his investigations of the varieties of the
Boston fern (Nephrolepis). Preliminary results of this work
were embodied in a paper on Orthogenetic saltation in Nephro-
lepis, read by Dr. Benedict before the Botanical Society of
America on December 29, at Columbus, Ohio.

During November the director sent to the editors of numerous
horticultural journals a list of the varieties of Nephrolepis then

44

growing at the Garden, together with a brief statement offering
cooperation with American growers of that fern. This circular
stated the purpose of the Garden, not only to make a scientific
study of the genus, but to conduct the investigation in a way to
make it of value to American growers. An offer was made to
exchange cuttings of our plants for those we did not have, and
to answer any requests for information. Arrangements were
also made to reprint and distribute to those interested, Dr. Bene-
dict’s article on Nephrolepis, prepared for the Standard Cyclo-
pedia of American Horticulture. The results of this work will
not be fully realized until 1916, but already responses have begun
to come in, and our collections will ultimately be thereby greatly
enriched.

Establishment of Research Fellowship—At its meeting of
November 9, your Committee voted to establish the first research
fellowship of the Garden. The purpose of this fellowship is to
make possible a much needed survey of the diseases of the trees
and shrubs of Prospect Park, with a view to a better understand-
ing of the nature and causes of such diseases, and methods of
prophylaxis and treatment. The expense of this fellowship is to
be met from private funds, and the Commissioner of Parks has
given his hearty approval and offer of cooperation.

On November 24, Dr. W. H. Rankin, assistant professor in the
New York State College of Agriculture, at Cornell University,
was appointed to this fellowship. Professor Rankin plans to be
‘in residence at the Garden during three summer months in 1916
and 1917.

The information obtained as a result of this survey will be
placed freely at the disposal of the Department of Parks, and
should yield results that will make it possible for the Garden to
suggest remedial measures of much practical value.

The establishment of this research fellowship should be re-
garded as establishing a permanent policy at the Garden, and it
is sincerely hoped that, as soon as may be, after the completion of
our building insures adequate accommodations, funds may be-
come available for the establishment (preferably by permanent
endowment) of a number of such fellowships.

In June, Prof. H. M. Fitzpatrick, of the department of plant

Fig. 2. Children’s garden exhibit, 1915. Public School No. 129 bringing its exhibit.

46

pathology of the New York State College of Agriculture at
Cornell University, joined the Garden staff for three months for
the purpose of continuing his studies of various fungi and fungous
diseases of plants.

Publications

Record.—Volume IV of the Recorp contained 137 pages and
17 halftone illustrations.

Leaflets—Series III comprised twelve numbers, which ap-
peared at weekly or bi-weekly intervals. The popularity of this
publication continues to increase, requests for it being received
from all sections of the country. Additional requests speedily
exhausted the issue of several numbers.

Contributions —One number of the Contributions appeared,
and two other numbers are now in the printer’s hands.

American Journal of Botany.—The second volume of the
Journal comprised 581 pages. This volume was printed on the
Clarke memoir paper, which is an uncoated, linen rag paper, and
thus insures as great a degree of permanency as may be had with
any modern paper. The adoption of this paper makes the
Journal doubly valuable as a medium for publication on account
of the element of permanency. Cheaper papers, especially coated
papers of wood pulp stock, have a life of only a few decades.
Their progressive deterioration will ultimately result in the loss
of all records printed on them. ‘The publication of the Journal
has enriched our library through exchange courtesies, to the
number of fifty publications.

The Garden could not have rendered a more needed service to
botanical science than to make possible the establishment of this
Journal. The results of botanical investigation are accumulating
so rapidly that the present facilities for publication are wholly
inadequate. Prior to January 1, the Journal had in hand con-
tributions sufficient to fill an entire volume as large as the one
published last year. Other botanical magazines are even more
congested, so that an investigator can usually not secure the
publication of the results of his investigations until a year or
eighteen months after the manuscript is completed.

It is hoped that the size of the Journal of Botany can be some-

47

what enlarged this year without incurring any deficit, or at least
only a very moderate one.

Prospectus of Courses——The Prospectus of Courses and other
educational and scientific opportunities offered at the Garden for
1916, was issued in December as a separate reprint from the
Botanic Garden Recorp for January, 1916. In this announce-
ment the courses are classified in four groups, as follows.

A. Children’s gardens and nature study. This includes courses
and lectures for children, and courses for teachers, including 9
courses and 5 lectures.

BI. Courses for teachers of children’s gardening (10).

B II. Summer School of children’s gardening (Repetition of
Courses B 1—B 10).

C. Courses for the general public (9).

D. Advanced courses and investigation (9).

The total number of courses scheduled for 1916, exclusive of
lectures and docentry service, is 37, an increase of eight over 1915.

Miscellaneous —In May an illustrated pamphlet, of 20 pages
and cover, was isstied in connection with our membership can-
vass, and in July a second edition was printed of the little booklet
of information about our organization and activities.

Garden Membership

Reorganization of the Institute —An outline of the reorganiza-
tion, in January, of the Brooklyn Institute, especially as it affects
the Garden, was given in the Recorp for July. As there noted,
the new constitution, adopted on January 14, provided for sev-
eral classes of membership including benefactors, patrons, donors,
permanent members, life members, sustaining members, and an-
nual members.

Members Enrolled —The Garden’s canvass for members, in-
augurated in April by the mailing of invitations, resulted in the
enrollment of three life members, ten sustaining members, and
sixty-seven annual members, in addition to thirteen sustaining
memberships taken out through other Departments, and entitled
thereby to full privileges of Garden members.

48

Financial Matters

Municipal Appropriation for Maintenance—The City appro-
priation for maintenance was $37,124.50, a decrease of $511.67
from the appropriation for 1914, notwithstanding the fact that
the cost of maintenance during 1914 was $4,181.18 in excess of
the City appropriation for that year. The amount required for
_ maintenance in 1915 was $40,174.76, the excess of expenditure
over City appropriation ($3,049.76) being contributed, as in 1914,
from private funds. Of this excess, $2,245.35 was for day
laborers on the grounds, and $447.22 for part time of an assistant
secretary of the Garden.

Corporate Stock Balances—Unincumbered balances remaining
on previous appropriations of corporate stock (exclusive of build-
ing appropriation), and totaling $6,054.65, were applied to the
grading, drainage, and construction of new walks on our south
addition and elsewhere. As in the case of maintenance, City ap-
propriations were inadequate to meet the needs of the Garden,
and private funds were contributed to the amount of $3,489.56,
including two thirds of the commission of the landscape archi-
tects in connection with the new walks.

New Issue of Corporate Stock—The circumstances leading to
the authorization of a new issue of corporate stock of the City
of New York, to an amount not to exceed $100,000, are recorded
earlier in this report (pp. 26-29), and a copy of the resolution of
the Board of Estimate and Apportionment is appended hereto as
Appendix 6.

Private Funds.—lIn addition to the contribution of $100,000
previously noted (p. 28), and not including the Japanese Garden,
the total amount expended for Garden purposes from private
funds during the year was $15,309.06, exceeding by $3,792.21 the
amount for 1914, and being the largest annual total of such funds
since the establishment of the Garden. In addition to $2,692.57,
required to meet the deficit in salaries and wages, $2,508.93 was
expended for the erection of an iron fence to enclose the newly
acquired south addition, and in the construction of entrance turn-
stiles and exit gates at four of our entrances, all of which items
should properly be met by the City, and were absolutely necessary
in order properly to protect City property.

49

Needs of the Garden

Increased Mumcipal Appropriation for Maintenance-—The
preceding paragraph, and an analysis of the appended financial
statement, clearly indicate that the annual City appropriations for
maintenance are not adequate to meet the needs of the Garden.

ey are not even sufficient to secure proper upkeep of the prop-
erty and care of the grounds, not to mention the requirements
of reasonable increases in salaries and a normal, healthy expan-
sion of our work. The need will be still further increased in
1916 by the fact of our having a larger area, and a much greater
percentage of it in lawn, laid out in beds, and planted with trees
and shrubs which require cultivation.

Increased Endowment—From the appended financial state-
ment of private funds accounts, it will be seen that the expendi-
tures from all accounts, omitting the Japanese Garden, give a
total of $15,308.46. The total expenditure for 1915 is nearly
equivalent to the income, at 4 per cent. on $400,000. Our present
endowment is $125,500. Proper regard for the expansion of our
educational work commensurate with the growing demands and
the present need for it, and for the development of our scientific
work commensurate with its importance, makes it self-evident
that the Garden should as soon as possible have an endowment
fund sufficient to insure an annual income of at least $25,000, the
interest at 5 per cent. on a principal of $500,000.

Nursery and Experimental Plot—In the plans which have been
adopted for the development of our present property, provision
is made for only a small plot for nursery and experimental pur-
poses. The present requirements of our plantations have made
this necessary ; but it is only a question of a very few years before
we shall have to have a larger nursery and experimental plot,
or else curtail our public exhibits and our scientific work. The
comparatively small size of the Garden, and its location between
“four much travelled thoroughfares, render it extremely difficult
to locate a service yard of adequate size and properly screened
from public view.

Sabbatical Year and Service Pensions —Attention may again
be called to two needs which should be provided for as soon as

50

possible, namely, a sabbatical year for members of staff of cura-
torial rank, and service pensions for all employees. ‘These mat-
ters were noted more at length in my preceding report. Provi-
sion is made for both of these features in all of our leading
universities, and in a number of our museums and other scientific
institutions.

Woman's Auxiliary —TVhere are innumerable ways in which a
woman’s auxiliary could be of great help in furthering the devel-
opment of the Garden, especially in its articulation with the local
public. Now that our membership is growing, and our buildings
are on their way to completion the organization of such an auxil-
iary should not be longer delayed.

Acknowledgments

Grateful acknowledgment is hereby made to Mr. Lester L.
Ditmas, Brooklyn, for 15 photographs; to Mr. G. H. Schenk,
Brooklyn, for 6 photographs; to Mrs, J. F. Nolan, Brooklyn, for
5 fancy gold fish for the conservatory pool; to the donors of pub-
lications to the library, as listed in the report of the librarian (p.

79); to the donors of living plants, listed in the report of the
curator of plants (p. 55); to the Commissioner of Parks, the Hon.
Raymond V. Ingersoll, for 66 trees of Norway maple set out
along the street adjacent to the south addition of the Garden, on
Washington and Flatbush Avenues and Malbone St., and for a
generous supply of leaves for leaf soil, and to the following sub-
scribers to the Botanic Garden Collections Fund, 1915.

Frank Bailey
George V. Brower
S. Seeley Brown
Dr. H. B. Delatour
H. F. Gunnison

A. Augustus Healy
Frances Ingraham

Adolph Miiller
Henry F. Noyes
Georce Di sPratt
William A. Putnam
Clifford S. Trotter
Miss Florence Starr
Herman Stutzer

Martin Joost
William J. Kelley
John McCallum

Mrs. John Van Nostrand
Mrs. Frederick Willenbrock
Col. Robert B. Woodward.

ol

Accompanying Papers
The following papers and documents are appended as a part
of this report:
1. Annual report of the curator of plants.
2. Annual report of the curator of public instruction.
3. Annual report of the librarian.
_ 4. Financial statements covering municipal appropriations and
private funds.
5. Appendices I-11.
Respectfully submitted,
C. Sruart GAGER,
Director of the Garden.

REPORT OF THE CURATOR OF PLANTS FOR 10915

Dr. C. Stuart Gacer, DIrEcTOR.
Sir: I take pleasure in submitting my report as curator of
plants for the year ending December 31, 1915.

General Maintenance and Construction Force

Work started on March 17, the same date as for the preceding
two years, and was stopped for lack of funds, on November 5,
nine days earlier than last year. The men could have been kept
busy to advantage throughout the remainder of the year. During
12 of the busiest weeks we employed 20-22 men, for 10 weeks,
II-18 men, and for 12 weeks 3-9 men. Actual maintenance
work, as in previous years, has suffered because of new construc-
tion work, and with the largely increased area of lawns, put down
this year, the maintenance problem will be acute during 1916
unless we can add to the force for that purpose. Deducting one
or two men for guard duty near the Japanese garden and other
miscellaneous work, leaves this force rather short-handed.

New work done during the year includes the following: Mak-
ing gateway and roadway near the Eastern Parkway entrance;
grading on new addition along Flatbush Avenue, for site of fence,
afterwards erected by the J. L. Mott Iron Works; a good deal
of cleaning up and path surfacing in and near the Japanese gar-

. 4. The Japanese garden, showing the island and cave, dru

Rete ey ‘fe get ae
its ee se ue 3
m bridge, bronze storks,
lantern (Yukimi), and moon-view house (Tsukimido).

stone

5d

den ; grading and seeding down lawn on the hill southwest of the
large conservatory; grading and seeding down lawn on a tri-
angular section near Section II ; making and sodding about 10,000
sq. ft. of terraces along the edges and near the southerly end of
the esplanade and at the reservoir gate; grading and seeding down
the esplanade and several adjacent areas; clearing rubbish from
new (south) addition; grading site of experimental garden and
new site for children’s gardens; and plowing, harrowing and
planting of winter rye on same.

A very considerable area has been put down to permanent
lawn, following, with some changes, the scheme for soil improve-
ment outlined in my first annual report. Much of this work
could not have been done without liberal use of top soil for sur-
face grading, and during the year we have received about 2,400
cubic yards of this material. Of this, 1,720 cubic yards were
purchased, and it is a pleasure to report that 680 cubic yards
were presented through the generosity of Mr. J. J. Hillin and of
the Norton and Gorman Company.

A considerable amount of work has been done by both men
and horses for the gardeners and for the children’s gardens. As
before this force has been under the immediate supervision of
Mr. Herman Kolsh, the regular foreman.

Gardening Force

The work in this department has been under the supervision
of the head gardener, Mr. Montague Free. The force and its
duties were the same as in 1914. Besides regular maintenance,
which has increased very materially, owing to the growth of the
collections the gardeners completed new work as follows:
1. Planting 156 specimen trees of flowering dogwood (Cornus

florida) on the esplanade.

2. Economic House plants reset, and rene in groups accord-
ing to economic use such as foods, fibers, drugs, etc., many
of them being planted out permanently.

3. Planting of conifers around the lake, both for additions to the
Pinetum and as screen for the Japanese garden. Some
deciduous trees were also planted for the latter purpose.

54

4. Six thousand bulbs consisting of 30 varieties of tulips and 8
of narcissus were planted in 36 beds. Half of these bulbs
were secured in Holland, the balance came from the U. 5.
Department of Agriculture. This is in the nature of an
experimental planting, in cooperation with the Department,
the object being to compare American grown and, Hol-
land bulbs of the same sorts under uniform conditions.

s. Local Flora beds replanted and rearranged, so that the clas-
sification would be more systematic, and local over-
crowding corrected.

6. Ornamental planting along the brook, where large groups of
water-loving species have been planted.

7. Remaking of the chrysanthemum and peony bed near the Jap-
anese garden.

During the year seeds of about 800 species and varieties were
collected for the seed exchange system, and 1,150 packets were
distributed in response to requests resulting from the publica-
tion of our first annual Seed List.

As before, a good deal of time has been given to the depart-
ment of public instruction and to the experimental plantings, and
Mr. Free has given many talks and practical demonstrations on

gardening. |

During the coming year nearly all the systematic collections
will have to be moved so as to occupy that part of the south
addition shown on the new plan for those collections, which was
approved by you on December 22. This plan has involved a
re-study of the whole arrangement of the systematic collections
by Mr. Caparn and myself, and the scheme as finally laid down
will make the different orders much more homogeneous units and
leave larger grass spaces between each order. An account of
this scheme appeared in Landscape Architecture for July, but the
area now occupied by the collections is larger than on the plan
shown there.

LABELING AND OTHER CLERICAL WoRK

During the year, 447 labels have been made for herbaceous col-
lections, about 150 of a temporary nature, for the greenhouse,

Dd

212 for woody plants out of doors, and 123 signs and special
labels, usually for special purposes. The labels and signs have
all been made at the Garden, and it will be desirable to continue
this arrangement, which should occupy practically all of one
man’s time, as our collections grow.

The plant accessions during the year and to date are as follows:

BY SOUL Clas Clete crcl apr esate Aen si ie eee ee 227
PS VaeCRCh all Ope arr ict hi Min dx tae eet One Cn teen oe 113
BaP LRG Meee tener cocks hc et ete Oe e eee am 79
VaR CON ect Om Nt cee ara ack etn ait Cpe err att 246
Dees COMER remo. BR te electing tte BERT hed SORE 403

ARGUS Ss, aks, ere ge ON na NR TIER, Chad irre fon) a 1,068

Accession numbers 5418-6271 inclusive were assigned during
the year. In the autumn a census of all the plants cultivated in
the general systematic garden, the local flora, pinetum, conserva-
tories, nurseries and along the brook was taken, in order to check
up our actual condition with the records in the office, and to
correct such errors as might be found. A count of these cor-
rected records shows, as of December 31, 1915, that we have
growing 2,840 species in 1,232 genera, besides 544 that are as yet
of doubtful specific identity, making a total of 3,384. The dif-
ference between these figures and those in my report of last year
is due to the fact that the latter were based on office records
merely and did not show our actual condition as the present
figures do.

Following is a list of the donors of living plants. (including
packets of seeds) ; the figures indicate the number of specimens
donated.

Plant Gifts, 1915
Dr. Ralph C. Benedict, 13; Miss Ida Heaton, 2; Miss Maude

H. Purdy, 2; Mr. E. J. Winslow, 1; Mr. A. T. White, 1; Miss E.
M. Kittredge, 2; Mr. C. A. Weatherby, 1; Mr. J. McCallum, 5;
Mr. F. H. Ames, 2; Miss F. A. Mulford, 1; Dr. E. B. Brainerd,
2; Mrs. C.S. Phelps, 1; Mrs]. Dy Prince, 1; Mr. John N. Drake,
2; Mr. William Andrews, 1; Mr. D. Steengrafe, 1; Mr. John L.
Childs, 1.

Phanerogamic Herbarium

The work in this department consisted chiefly in rearranging
the collection after the new cases arrived, and in the mounting of
specimens already on hand. About 7,000 sheets were mounted
during the year and most of these have been sorted, provision-
ally, into their proper places. The amount of purely technical
work still to be done on the herbarium, to make it of botanical
significance, as such collections go, is very considerable. ‘There
is also a great need for specimens from tropical regions in order
to facilitate the naming of the greenhouse collections. Because
of the already crowded conditions, in spite of the fact that we
doubled our herbarium cases during the year, few additions have
been made. Among the more important are collections from the
Philippine Islands (304), collections by A. A. Heller from the
Pacific coast (500) and collections of John McCallum, mostly
local (1,700). The total accessions were 3,465.

During the year Dr. Alfred L. Gundersen has attended to
many of the details of this department, and he has had assistance
from time to time in the cataloging and herbarium work.

Special Needs

On the grounds, it will be necessary to resurface all our bitu-
minous walks with sand during the coming year. Also the fence
along the boundaries is in need of a good deal of repair work
and considerable painting. Some of this would have to be done
by outside help. Very early in the spring we should extend the
water pipes for irrigation purposes to the south addition, so
that development and planting will not be delayed.

For the collections, now that permanent planting plans are out-
lined, we should put in all the trees and plants of a permanent
nature we can during the coming year. The planting of such
collections has been so long delayed that we should push this side
of our work to the utmost now that permanent plans are ready to
be worked out.

For the systematic collections, I would urge that the Garden
try to accumulate the greatest possible collection of American
species that can be had. The desirability of doing this in such

57

an institution as ours, is patent, for there are few gardens that
make any special feature of this. Collections of living plants
in this country are largely dominated by trade lists and by the
seeds offered in exchange by European botanical gardens. If
we could build up in the next few years a collection of repre-
sentative American species it would not only prove instructive
to the public, but prove a valuable exchange asset to the Garden.
The building up of such a collection requires a great deal of ex-
ploration work, and a number of interested correspondents in dif-
ferent parts of the country. I would suggest that the Garden
during the next few years inaugurate several such exploration
trips.

I have already received several invitations to go on such ex-
peditions, where a competent botanist, familiar with Be local
region, was willing to act as guide.

Personal Activities

In January my book on the Flora of the Vicinity of New York
was published. I have continued the botanical exploration of
Long Island, but there is still much to be done before a compre-
hensive survey of the island is completed. The editing of Tor-
reya, and the answering of many inquiries for the determination
of specimens, running from one to several hundred in a single
inquiry, have occupied considerable time.

Other activities are the same as outlined in my last report, ex-
cept that I no longer serve on the executive committee of the De-
partment of Botany of the Institute.

Respectfully submitted,
NorMAN TAYLOR,
Curator of Plants.

REPORT OF THE CURATOR OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
R 1915
Dr. C. Sruart Gacer, DrrEcTor.
Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith my report as curator
of public instruction for the year ending December 31, 1915.

58

Courses of Instruction

Of the twenty-nine courses of instruction offered in 1915,
twenty-one were given during the year, with a total registration
of 1,023, and a total attendance of over 9,100.

During the spring the work of elementary instruction, espe-
cially in connection with children’s gardens, assumed such pro-
portions that additional assistance became imperative. The
services of Miss Jean A. Cross, of the Teachers’ Training School,
at Yonkers, were engaged for Saturdays from April to June, in-
clusive, and on July 1, Miss Cross joined the Garden staff as in-
structor. In December the title of her position was changed to
that of assistant curator of elementary instruction to begin with
January 1, 1916.

iss Cross is a member of the class of 1909, of Wellesley
College; taught in a private school in Arlington, Mass., from
1909 to 1910; was field assistant in the Fairview Garden School,
Yonkers, N. Y., from 1910-1911; and was garden director for
the Boston Social Union for 1911 and 1912; teacher of nature
study at Yonkers Training School for Teachers 1912-13; trav-
elled and studied in Europe 1913-14; teacher of nature study
again at Yonkers Training School from 1914-15

A summary of the work in children’s gardening, written by
Miss Shaw, is incorporated in this report.

One phase of this teaching which is not there described is that
with Boy Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, and similar organizations.
Instruction was begun in October in various phases of nature
study, forestry, gardening, and agriculture, of such a nature as
to be especially adapted to the needs of Boy Scouts and Camp
Fire Girls. Although the offer of instruction was not extended
to these organizations till late in the fall, there were altogether
83 who took advantage of it. Both the Garden and the adjacent
Prospect Park present splendid opportunities for the study of
trees and other outdoor nature study subjects. When the su-
perior advantages offered by the Garden in these lines becomes
somewhat better known, there is no doubt but that our facilities
for such teaching will be taxed to the utmost. In order to have
the greatest measure of success, stich teaching must be done by

a"

59

one in thorough sympathy with the work. The Garden is for-
tunate to have secured the services of one so well trained and
possessing such an appreciative viewpoint. Mr. Frank Stoll has
had more than two years’ experience as scoutmaster in Dover,

. J., and in Brooklyn, and his broad interest and appreciation
of the aims of scoutcraft are shown by the fact that he is an
expert examiner in agriculture, gardening, forestry, conservation,
bird-study, carpentry, and bee-keeping. His teaching experience in
the public schools of New Jersey covered ten years; one year
was spent in the Dover business college, and one in teaching
ungraded classes in Brooklyn. He resigned from the latter work
to come to the Garden in September.

The increasing popularity of the group of courses for teachers
'of children’s gardening is attested by the fact that a total of
nearly 40 young women were taking this work during the fall;
while a total of 94 were registered in that group of courses which
are primarily intended for the general public.

As in previous years, the advanced and research courses have
been to a large extent held in abeyance, pending the time when
the completion of our building will provide adequate room and

facilities for teaching and botanical investigation.

Cooperation with Local Schools

Talks at Schools—About 60 talks and lectures have been given
during the year, at both public and private schools, reaching over
16,000 pupils.

School Classes at the Garden—The Garden has exercised a
most potent influence during the past year, especially on the ele-
mentary schools of Brooklyn, as is evidenced by the fact that 216
classes with their teachers came to the Garden for lantern talks
or trips through the conservatories. This important part of the
Garden activities is fully explained in the appended report of the
assistant curator of public instruction.

Several of the high schools and colleges, as well as private
schools, also took advantage of their opportunities to visit and to
study the work of the Garden. In several instances we arranged
for demonstrations on various phases of plant activity. To many

60

of these classes special talks were given, and all were conducted
through the conservatories and plantations of the Garden. Some
of the schools which utilized our facilities in various ways are
Erasmus Hall, Girls’ High, Boys’ High, Manual Training, Com-
mercial, Eastern District and Bay Ridge High Schools, Ethical
Culture School (Manhattan), Berkeley Institute, the Brooklyn
Training School, and Teachers College of Columbia University.
Also a class of 35 seniors from Pratt Institute, specializing in
kindergarten work, came to the Garden at regular intervals from
February to June, for practical instruction in gardening methods.

explained in the report of the assistant curator, I need only add
the fact that during July and August, the instructor, Miss Cross,
visited 312 home gardens throughout Brooklyn; and that, par-
ticularly in the outlying districts, this method of actual visit to the
homes has provided much sympathetic encouragement in home
gardening.

I might here again call attention to the wisdom of centering
at the Garden all the work throughout the Borough in the teach-
ing of gardening and in the stimulation of home garden work.
Such a plan would certainly make for greater economy as well
as greater efficiency.

Study and Loan Material—As heretofore, the majority of re-
quests for study and loan material have come from biology
teachers in various high schools throughout the City, for Petri
dishes filled with nutrient agar, designed for the study of bacteria
and molds. This year, requests for nearly 500 Petri dishes have
been filled, twice the number of the preceding year. When our
facilities for making such preparations are increased, as planned
in the completed building, and when teachers become more fa-
miliar with our offer to furnish such material, we anticipate many
more such requests.

Editorial Work

During the year a portion of my time has been occupied in
editing the Leaflets, and in editorial work on the American Jour-
nal of Botany.

61

Of the Leaflets, only twelve numbers of Series III were
issued, instead of the usual fourteen, but two of the numbers
were double and illustrated. Our present mailing list is fast
approaching 1,000, many of the calls being from libraries and in-
dividuals from a distance. The purpose of the Leaflets, as stated
in an early number, is two-fold: to furnish notice from time to
time concerning exhibits or concerning plants of special interest
to be seen at the Garden near the date of issue, and also to present
to teachers and others brief, popular summaries of certain sub-
jects of botanical interest.

The assistant curator of public instruction, Miss Shaw, has
also continued to serve as editor of the National Plant, Flower
and Fruit Guild Magazine, and as editor of the Children’s De-
partment of the Garden Magazine, and of The Nature Club of
Country-Life-in-A merica.

Cryptogamic Herbarium

The following accessions of mosses, algae, and fungi were made
during 1915: 7
IMG ESCs aeD UCASE © cu tones sc os tec daces 20 ee 48
Mosses, by gift from Mrs. N. L. Britton

wapgahye ee I

Nigaes iby purchase. ;.;.<; sya eee 50
ungins by purchase. .«!,..,..999 eae GS 8,285
Bungieby collection <.... see eee ix0)
Fungi, by gift from Mr. F. H. Ames ................. 37
Mota ok. is as. ee pee 8,471

The report of the assistant curator of public instruction fol-
lows.

Report on Elementary Instruction
By Etten Eppy SHaw

The work in elementary instruction has continued along three
lines, which at the very beginning of the work seemed to be most
imperative, viz., children’s class work, cooperation with schools,
and instruction for teachers. It is the purpose of this report to
make a statement of the growth in these three lines of activities,
and to point out the natural expansion from the set lines.

Fic, 5. Children’s garden exhibit, 1915. Exhibit of Public School No. 150, which took first prize.

63

Children’s Classes—The registration in the children’s classes
at the Garden always will be comparatively small. These
classes include those of spring and fali greenhouse work, six
classes covering six weeks each, and the outdoor garden courses
continuing over a period of six months. During the year of 1915
the registration figure for this work was 475. One might im-
mediately question this figure and ask why we do not cut down
the length of the long summer course and so double our figures.
The answer is briefly this: that we are working educationally and
not numerically. That is, the Botanic Garden is training up a
body of boys and girls whose knowledge is somewhat compre-
hensive and who, at the same time, are growing into the life and
understanding of the institution. This figure may be doubled and
quadrupled when the present capacity of the building and green-
houses is increased

It might be well to state here that some of these boys and girls
who came into the first classes are working with us on special
botanical topics independent of class periods. These are students
now in our local High Schools. What it may mean in the future
to the city of Brooklyn, and to this special institution, to have a
large number of young citizens intelligent and loyal to its civic
work is worth consideration. The class work at the Garden is
planned purposely to react on the home and school. Children in
many of our outdoor gardens last summer entirely supplied their
home tables with fresh vegetables during the season; home
gardens have been planted from seedlings raised in the spring
greenhouse classes; various school gardens have received hun-
dreds of young Rate homes have had blossoming plants—gifts
from young sons and daughters; one boy’s father moved from a
congested neighborhood in Brooklyn to the country so that his
son might have larger opportunities for work. As a direct result
of our work, more than one family removal has come about so
that a child might have a yard; and one lad had a present of an
acre of land because of good class work in the Garden greenhouse.

Cooperation with Schools—And yet the other side of the ques-
tion is imperative too, that of reaching out and teaching large
numbers of boys and girls. We have tried to meet this demand
in two ways: first, by offering to give special short courses to a

64

school making up its own classes; second, by special lectures for
entire classes.

The first solution of the problem never can wholly solve it; for
it too must be limited by the capacity of our building and our staff
for instruction. It might be well to note here that schools so far
removed as P. S. 36 and P. S. 148, requiring a trolley ride of
three quarters of an hour to reach the Garden, feel that it 1s
essential to have classes at the Garden, the children paying
their own car fares for six consecutive weeks and never missing
a lesson. No one is allowed to remain in a Garden class who
does not represent his school in the best possible way. It also
might be of interest to state here that P. 5. 89, a Gary school,
avails itself of this opportunity for class work. At the present
time we have a waiting list for classes desiring work and made
up by the school principal. These classes are not the Friday and
Saturday classes scheduled in the Prospectus as our regular ones,
but are quite separate and put in at the special request of schools.

School lectures at the Garden developed not only from an
actual and imperative need for handling larger numbers, but also
because a Botanic Garden, supported in part by municipal appro-
priations, ought to assist in the nature study teaching of the city
schools. Therefore, talks on certain subjects prescribed in the
city course of study were offered because we had lantern slides
and living plant material to illustrate such subjects, and green-
house and laboratory facilities to illustrate simple ways of doing
things in class-rooms. Two sets of these talks have been offered
to the schools, one in the spring, the other in the fall. The sub-
jects are as follows: -

TALKS GIVEN TO SCHOOL CLASSES AT THE BOTANIC
GARDEN

April to June
GRADES 3A AND 3B
1. Common wild flowers in bloom. (Wild Flower Garden, May-June
only
2. Common trees. (Field trip, in the Botanic Garden.)
3. Seeds and seedlings. (Experiments.)
4. Methods of propagating plants. (Greenhouse. )
s. Formation of soil. (Demonstrations.)

65

GRADES 44 AND 4B

6. Cultivation of plants by slips, seeds, etc. (Greenhouse

coNT

se

os

o ON DN OR

1H
9

. The cultivation of rice in Japan and China. (Lantern fides )
. Some useful plants of subtropical climates. (Lantern slides and living
plants.)

GRADES 54 AND 5B

. Plants useful to man. (Lantern slides and living plants.)

. Trees: blossom and fruit formation. (Botanic Garden grounds, May-
June only.)

. Common shade trees. (Botanic Garden grounds, May-June.)

. Evergreens and deciduous trees. (Botanic Garden grounds, May-June.)
. Food plants raised in the United States. (Lantern slides.)

. Plant industries and products of the United States. (Lantern slides.)
. Cotton raising in the South. (Lantern slides.)

GRADES 6A AND 6B

. Coffee culture in South America. (Lantern slides and living plants.)
. The rubber industry in South America. (Lantern slides and living
plants.

GRADES 7A AND 7B

. Agricultural products of the United States. (Lantern slides.)
. Some agricultural products of the Orient. (Lantern slides.)

October 2c to December 15
GRADES 4A AND 4B
Cultivation of plants by seeds, slips, runners, etc. (Greenhouse.)
What plants need for growth. (Experimen
Plant variations in the hot, cold and Per at countries. (Lantern
slides and specimen plants
The cultivation of rice in China and Japan. (Lantern slides.)
How boys and girls can help make Brooklyn a more beautiful city.
(Lantern slides.)

GRADES 5A AND 5B
How to plant bulbs for winter bloom. (Demonstration.)
Plant foods raised in the United States. (Lantern slides.)
How nature disperses her seed. (Demonstration.)
Useful plant products. (Lantern slides.)
How to distinguish common evergreens. (Study of the trees them-
selves.

66

GRADES 6A AND 6B
11. The classroom window box. (Demonstration.)
. Coffee culture in South America. (Lantern slides.)
13. How rubber is obtained. (Lantern slides.

rol
iS)

GRADES 7A AND 7B
14. Plants for classrooms and care of same. (Demonstration.)
15. Agricultural products of the United States. (Lantern slides.)
16, What plants mean to the world’s commerce. (Lantern slides.)
17. The life story of a tree. (Demonstration and slides.)

Over 6,000 children came to these talks in 1915. They came
in classes with their teachers during school hours. Usually this
represents to them their spring or fall excursion: they came first
to the Garden for their lesson; went through the greenhouse to
see the economic plants familiar to them in the pages of their
geographies, but not known face to face as living, real plants, and
finally took a short trip through the Japanese Garden, returning
thence to school or to Prospect Park for a little play, a lovely
ending for the one precious day set apart for excursioning,

As before, our cooperation with the public schools did not end
with the talks at the Garden, but whenever the call came, espe-
cially in the spring time, for talks at public schools, we went.
These talks were on the general subject of garden making. The
request came because principals felt that the children should hear
a few simple directions on how to start their home gardens. In
most cases the demand arose from our supplying schools with
penny packets of seeds. In 1914, 25,000 penny packets were
sold to the children of Brooklyn; in 1915, over 85,600 were sold.
The seeds used in these packets are tested, and are of the best’
and most expensive varieties. Too often seeds sold to children
are of inferior quality. The outcome from this work means
eventually more and better gardens in Brooklyn. The round-up
of this work is our annual exhibit held every September at the
Garden. The trophy, a bronze statue of Victory, was for a
second time won by P. S. 152. But this year public schools 98
and 43, dark horses in the race, gave 152 a hard fight for her
place.

The way the children brought the products from their own
gardens to the place of exhibit, is interesting. Public School 152

67

sent them in five autos; P. S. 129 came, one hundred strong, on
the trolley, bringing their pots and boxes (fig. 2) ; P. S. 66 and P.
S. 98 came by team over the road; P. S. 43 had an auto truck;
and Canarsie represented neighborhood cooperation, for mothers,
brothers, and big sisters brought their exhibit. At this exhibition
the boys and girls who had garden plots at the Botanic Garden
received prizes, but these children cannot enter their products in
the exhibit. Their competition is among themselves.

Fic. 6. Children’s gardens, 1915. Temporary location on site of Labora-
tory Building.

At this time the Garden Teacher’s Association of the Brooklyn
Botanic Garden, an organization formed by the first class to
receive certificates in the course for teachers of school garden-
ing, gave a prize, a bronze vase, to the boy or girl who had spent
more than one season in the outdoor classes at the Brooklyn
Botanic Garden, and who not only had done the best work, but
had shown worthiness in other ways. This was won by Anna
Pellicio of P. 5.9. The prizes were awarded October oth, and a
short address was given by Mr. John Lewis Childs, of Floral
Park, chairman of the committee on awards.

68

Instruction for Teachers —The course for teachers of ee
ing for children has grown from a class of seven in 1914,
present membership of forty. On December fourth the ie
ing four young women received certificates. Miss Johanna
Becker, head of department, P. S. 36; Mrs. Engerie McCord, of
Brooklyn; Miss Maud Snedeker, P. S. 109, Brooklyn; and Miss
Elsa Wolf, of Indianapolis. On this occasion, Miss Alice Fitts,
Director of the Kindergarten Department of Pratt Institute,
spoke on “ Gardening in relation to the Chil

Two short courses for teachers have been added this past year ;
one in greenhouse work, the other in nature study in relation to
the work laid-down in the present city syllabus. ‘These courses
were planned for those who did not feel that they could take the
longer or year’s course. An outgrowth from this long course is
the summer school work, to be put into operation in the summer
of 1916; all the courses leading to the certificate for children’s
gardening will be condensed into a six weeks’ summer course
from July 5 to August 15.

Respectfully submitted,
Epcar W. OLIVE,
Curator of Public Instruction.

REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN FOR 1915

Dr. C. Stuart GAGER, DIRECTOR.

Sir: I have the honor to submit my report as librarian for the
year ending December 31, IQI5.

When I took up the work of reorganizing the library, on
January 4, 1915, there had been a lapse of six months without an
administrative officer for this department, and hence the duties of
the present year, in addition to the care of incoming books, have
had to cover the accumulated material received between March
and December, 1914, most of which was still stored in packing
boxes. The preparation of a statistical report for 1914 on unre-
corded accessions required the personal examination of between
three and four thousand books and pamphlets to secure tabular
data for publication, and it was not until after the completion of

69

this task that a more systematic ordering of library affairs could
be taken up in detail.

Attention was then given to the binding of complete volumes of
botanical journals and paper-covered books ; to the filling out of
lacunae in sets of periodicals; to the classification of the library ;
to the bringing down to date of the accession book and the
pamphlet catalog ; to the revision of the dictionary catalog; to the
making of a classified shelf catalog; to the gathering in of new
publications, and the replenishing of technical supplies.

he year just closing has been marked by a certain amount of
definite progress in the growth and efficiency of the library.
While the inadequacy of the library appropriation has not per-
mitted large or expensive purchases, and while the gifts received
have not reached the number or the value shown by last year’s
record, yet the rate of increase has been fully up to the norm, the
most pressing needs of the staff have been satisfied and works of
permanent value have been added to our shelves.

Accessions in 1915

First among the valuable accessions by which our library has
been enriched during the past year stands the generous donation
from the Hoagland Bacteriological Laboratory, consisting of one
hundred and forty-two volumes of Comptes Rendus de I’ Aca-
démie des Sciences (Paris), and eight volumes of the Journal of
the Royal Microscopical Society of London. ‘The file of the rare
Comptes Rendus is unbroken from its beginning in 1835 down to
1903, and it is important that the volumes from 1904 to IQT5
inclusive be secured and that our subscription for current issues
be placed as soon as possible,

Your librarian would call attention to the names of donors to
the library in 1915, as exhibited in the tabular statistics. Mr.
Frank D. Collins’s gift of fifty-three separates represents all of his
shorter papers on algae. These he has kindly collected and pre-
sented to us, and we have completed the Collins bibliography by
our purchase from Tufts College of his Green Algae of North
America. From Professor E. B. Wilson, of Columbia Uni-
versity, we received twenty-three of his monographs on cytology ;
from the Sapporo Agricultural College, Japan, came four large

70

volumes of the Journal of the Tohoku Imperial University, 1903-
1914; from Mr. Joseph H. Colyer, we were favored with a gift
of Patrick Browne’s Civil and Natural History of Jamaica,
1789; from Mr..J. T. Underwood, the recently published twelve
volume set entitled Luther Burbank, his Methods and Discoveries.
Our largest donor is the United States Department of Agricul-
ture, from which department we have received, besides periodicals
coming regularly, twenty-four volumes and three hundred and
eighty-two parts. Our thanks are due, in particular, to Mr. E.
W. Allen, editor of the Experiment Station Record, for his un-
failing courtesy in response to our requests, and for his generous
eift of ten volumes and thirty-two numbers of the Record, some
of which parts are out of print, and of the General Tindésc tory,
13-25, an index which makes available the literature of all the
state experiment stations as well as the file of the Record itself,
Our set of the Experiment Station Record is now fully com-
pleted, has been well bound in black buckram and is available
for consultation on our shelves. Mention should also be made of
the Statistical Atlas of the United States, 1914, a copy of which,
although the work is listed for sale, was presented to our library
by Director S. F. Rogers, of the United States Bureau. of the
Census.

Among our noteworthy accessions secured by purchase or ex-
change, of first importance is a set of the Botanical Gazette, v.
1-29; the back volumes of the Bulletin, the Contributions and the
Journal of the New York Botanical Garden needed to complete
our files: the valuable bibliographies issued by the John Crerar
Library, Chicago; and a small but highly interesting collection
from Yokohama, consisting of a score of books on the flora of
Japan and Japanese landscape gardening. In this lot are three
folio volumes by Josiah Conder, entitled Landscape Gardening in
Japan and Floral Art of Japan, with illustrations by well-known
Japanese artists. A number of single works of considerable
interest have been obtained; among these are J. D. Hooker’s
Himalayan Journals, 2 vols., London, 1854, bound in full blue
calf; Hortus Collinsonianus, an Account of the Plants cultivated
by the late Peter Collinson, Swansea, 1843, bound in full vellum ;
Thomas Meehan’s Native Flowers and Ferns of the United

71

States, 1878-80; H. G. Miner’s Orchids, 1885; William Hille-
brand’s Flora of the Hawaiian Islands, 1888; Hermann Miiller’s
Fertilization of Flowers, tr. by D’Arcy W. Thompson, 1883; W.
H. Harvey’s A Manual of the British Marine Algae, 1849; E. F.
Smith’s Bacteria in Relation to Plant Diseases, v. 2, 3, 1911-1914;
Ernst Kister’s Pathological Plant Anatomy, tr. by F. Dorrance,
1914. Some twenty or more volumes have been added to our
material on evolution and plant breeding, including Arnold Lang’s
Die experimentelle Vererbungslehre in der Zoologie seit 1900,
erste Halfte, ror4,

Our library now numbers 3,804 volumes and 5,885 pamphlets.
This count does not include current numbers of periodicals, which
are bound when the volumes are complete, to be entered as fresh
accessions on their return from the binder. Reference to the
statistical tables at the end of this report shows that the total
increase in volumes and pamphlets received since December 31,
1914, amounts to 3,006 publications.

On comparing the highest number in the accession catalog
December 31, 1915,—namely 2,960—with the number of volumes
shown by our statistical table to be actually in the library,—namely
3,804,—it should be explained that the books transferred by the
Central Museum in November, 1913, to the Brooklyn Botanic
Garden, and numbering between eight and nine hundred volumes,
are not entered on our accession book as the property of the
library.

Periodicals

‘Special stress has been laid on making our files of current
periodical literature as rich as possible. Partly through fresh
subscriptions and by gift, but much more by means of setting up
new exchanges with the Garden publications, our serial list has
been increased this year by more than one hundred titles. Among
the more important additions in the line of current periodicals
may be mentioned the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, Baltimore; the Bulletins of the International Institute
of Agriculture at Rome, Italy, and the Bulletins of the Canadian
branch at Ottawa ; the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society,
London; Annals of the Bolus Herbarium, South African College,
Cape Town; Nyt Magazine for N aturvidenskaberne, Christiania ;

72

Zeitschrift fiir Pflanzengiichtung, Berlin ; American Journal of
Science, New Haven; Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological
Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. Our current periodical list has
now reached the number of 224 titles.

With a view to making our library more efficient in service and
to securing a larger degree of cooperation with the libraries of
the city, typewritten copies of our periodical list have been twice
sent out to six of the libraries in Greater New York, with a
request for return favors. Appreciative acknowledgments have
been received from each of these libraries, and printed or type-
written lists of currently received serial publications have come
from the Montague Branch of the Brooklyn Public Library, the
New York Public Library, the New York Botanical Garden and
the Children’s Museum. It is gratifying to state that occasionally
some research student from out of town visits the Garden,solely
to consult some periodical not to be found in any one of the larger
libraries of New York.

Grateful acknowledgment is herewith made to the Brooklyn
Public Library for the regular deposit, month by month, in the
Garden library, of Annals of Botany and Curtis's Botanical
Magazine. By special courtesy of the board of trustees of the
Brooklyn Public Library, the current issues of these journals,
which are invaluable in our reference work, are now sent to the
Garden as published, and bound by us when the volumes are
complete.

Early in the year it was discovered that, in the absence of a
librarian, the subscription to a number of our foreign periodicals
had lapsed; some not having been received since early in 1914.
The difficulty of getting shipments from Europe has complicated
the situation, but with the helpful cooperation of our foreign
agent these irregularities have been straightened out, and nearly
all of our French, German, Italian and Scandinavian periodicals
are now currently received, with no greater delay than is to be
expected while the war is on.

For the periodical cases, japanned tin label-holders 2 12.5
cm. have been bought and fitted with typewritten labels, so that
each of our current serials arranged in alphabetical order on the
shelves has its own title standing out distinctly above it. The

73

card catalog for periodicals has been revised, completed and
typed. All desired data concerning each journal may be seen by
a glance at the card.

Experiment Station Literature

An intensive effort has been made to secure as complete files as
possible of the bulletins, circulars and reports of the various state
experiment stations throughout the country. Letters have been
sent to the directors of all of these stations inviting them to send
us regularly their current publications in exchange for current
issues of the Garden Recorp, Contributions, and Leaflets. The
response has been most gratifying, and exchange relations have
now been set up with forty-four state experiment stations. Not
only do we receive all of their current publications as issued, but
the directors and librarians of these stations have shown the most
courteous interest in filling out our sets of experiment station
literature. Occasionally in exchange for back numbers of our
publications, but much oftener by gift, we have obtained from °
these forty-four states bulletins, circulars and reports to the num-
ber of 35 volumes, 10 pamphlets and 890 single numbers. This
material covers a wide range of subjects, many of which are more
or less closely correlated with the work of the Garden, and can be
made fully available to readers by means of the admirable indexes
issued on cards and in book form by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture. Furthermore, through the medium of the
States Relations Service at Washington, this library is now re-
ceiving regularly the bulletins and reports of the experiment sta-
tions at Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, and Porto Rico.

It is pleasant to state that last March, in response to our urgent
request and representations to the United States Department of
Agriculture, this library was made a regular depository for all
Farmers: Bulletins. Since that time these bulletins have been
mailed to us as soon as published. Not only do we have the
advantage of receiving them two or three weeks earlier than
when we apply by means of the checked Monthly List of Publica-
tions, but the danger of the supply being exhausted before our
application is received at Washington is obviated.

74

Binding

Much time and attention has been given to the matter of bind-
ing, for the proper binding of books and periodicals means a
great deal for the convenience of the staff, and the treatment by a
binder of books which are to be read in a reference library
touches an entirely different set of problems from those which
concern a loan library. As shown in our tabular conspectus,
322 volumes have been sent to the binder, each volume collated
and accompanied by a slip giving minute directions as to material,
color, scheme of lettering, form of binding, and so forth, each lot
of books accompanied by a letter covering all points not men-
tioned on the slips. Two or three times your librarian has visited
the bindery to inspect the work in person, and the foreman makes
calls at our library for consultation in questions of doubt. There
has been set up a reciprocal cooperation between the library and
the bindery which is giving satisfactory results. This oppor-
tunity may be taken to express to the Chivers Book Binding Com-
_pany our appreciation of the interest and loyalty which they have
shown in the execution of our orders. Among the more im-
portant sets which have been bound are the Experiment Station
Record, Contributions from the United States National Her-
barium, the Botanical Gazette, the Plant World, International
Catalogue of Scientific Literature: Botany, Mycologia, and Bio-
metrika. The two volumes of Index Kewensis and the’ Supple-
ments, nos. I-4, 1886-1910, have been bound in three fourths
dark green Nigerian morocco, in three volumes. The technical
work of the binding is extremely good; the volumes open flat as
they lie on the table and can be most conveniently referred to in
the herbarium, where they are in hourly use. A strenuous effort
has been made to complete for binding sets of periodicals where
parts were missing, as in case of the earlier volumes of the
Botanical Gazette, and letters have been written to many book
dealers to secure back numbers.

Much more binding remains to be done; ragged shelves are
still in evidence, and our botanical literature is much more diffi-
cult of access than if fully bound. As rapidly as funds become
available, the remaining unbound sets of journals and society

transactions should be prepared for the binder, together with
many paper-covered books and pamphlets which are worthy of
a permanent place in our classified groups.

Summary of Work

Summing up in brief the work of this department for 1915,
it must be said that while the amount accomplished falls short
of what was planned, yet in the lack of a full-time library
assistant perhaps little more could have been done.

In addition to accessioning and putting through the various
processes of the library mill the 771 volumes and 2,235 pamphlets
received in 1915, we have entered about 1,356 single numbers of
current publications which are received monthly, weekly or daily,
making a total of 4,362 fresh publications which have passed
through our hands this year. Moreover, the 3,514 publications
received in 1914 had to be in part entered, and in part examined
for statistics, besides the 2,000 pamphlets already in the library,
so that more than 9,800 publications have been worked over
during the year.

The accession catalog, which records books in the chronolog-
ical order of their receipt, has been brought down to date, cover-
ing the entry of 1,898 volumes. The last entry which had been
made was on March 17, 1914, so that our year’s record includes
the accessioning of all books received between that date and De-
cember 31, 1915. Small lots can now be entered on the day of
receipt, unless there is an unusual pressure of library work, and
larger collections within a few days after receipt.

The system of classification outlined during the administration
of Miss Stelle has this year been worked out in detail, and all
bound books have been classified, or re-classified, and shelf-listed,
except the sets of periodicals and society transactions. It is felt
that a highly-specialized library like that of the Brooklyn Botanic
Garden should have a classification sufficiently elastic to permit
of expansion in all departments, and in assigning class numbers
the future growth of the library has always been kept in mind
even at the risk of making a call number less simple in its nota-
tion than the needs of the present moment demand. A shelf-

76

list on cards has been made by Miss Tikiob, the cards being ar-
ranged by class number and by book number in the order in which
the books stand on the shelves. This gives us a sort of classed
catalog, by means of which all titles may be seen at a glance in
their natural clusters, without going to the stacks. The shelf-list
also enables the librarian to take stock, yearly or semi-yearly, of
the contents of the library and to check up missing volumes.

For shelf labels it was decided to use the gummed letters and
figures of the Tablet and Ticket Company. The work of label-
ing has been done by Miss Mann, and the result is entirely satis-
factory, as the sharply outlined black letters stand out clearly
and effectively on a white card.

The Annie Morrill Smith library has been unpacked, counted,
fully classified, shelf-listed and partly catalogued ; pamphlets have
been sorted and arranged in pamphlet boxes; typed lists have
been made for volumes, pamphlets, and sets of periodicals, and
duplicate copies of these lists have been sent to Mrs, Smith.

An author catalog for monographs in pamphlet form is being
made by Miss Tikiob, and will soon be complete. Almost 1,000
cards have already been filed in this pamphlet catalog. The card
catalog for current periodicals has been revised, completed and
typed. A careful revision of the subject headings for the dic-
tionary catalog has been made and 1,107 additional cards filed.
Unbound periodicals and proceedings of scientific societies have
been arranged in alphabetical order, and volumes waiting to be
bound have been tied up with tape in such manner as to be
readily accessible; United States documents and state publica-
tions have been grouped by departments and sub-grouped in order
of publication.

Library Furniture

At the opening of the year, hundreds of volumes still lay
packed in the boxes in which they had come to us, simply because
of our inadequate shelf accommodations. To meet this need, three
additional double-faced standard bracket steel stacks from the
Library Bureau have been installed. At first sight it seemed as
if our already overcrowded temporary quarters could hold no
more, but by moving each book stack slightly forward and by

C.

calculating floor space closely to the half inch, it was found pos-
sible to introduce the additional stacks without congesting the
space for readers. An improved Library Bureau truck has been
purchased which is invaluable for moving books and for func-
tioning as a temporary bookcase to stand at the librarian’s desk
while books are being entered and catalogued. The truck is of
quartered oak and has rawhide bumpers and wheels with fiber
tires, making it practically indestructible, while it revolves at a
touch and can be moved around corners with ease.

Readers

Our reading constituency includes, besides members of the
Garden staff, various teachers, persons interested in house gar-
dens, and an occasional research student. We can hardly expect,
however, to reach many persons outside the Garden while the
library is housed in these temporary quarters. A room having
floor space of only 34 * 22 feet and serving as a stack room,
an administration and work room, a reference department, and
the librarian’s office, where collation, packing for binder, dictation
of letters, and all other library processes must go on, cannot have
the character of a typical reading room. The readers in 1915
numbered 1,027, and 246 volumes were loaned to members of
the staff. Sixteen volumes were loaned to the Biological Labora-
tory at Cold Spring Harbor for summer class work. Four pub-
lications have been borrowed from the Library of Congress for
a period of twenty days for the use of one of the members of
our staff.

Library Assistants

During a large part of the year, Miss Mann has given two hours
a day to the work of the library, in typing cards for the dictionary
catalog, in making shelf labels, in caring for periodicals, in tech-
nical processes such as embossing, dating, cutting leaves, and
many other matters. Miss Tikiob has assisted regularly for one
hour a day, and during a few weeks for several hours daily. In
addition to regular stenographic work relating to correspondence,
she has typed the shelf list and pamphlet catalog directly from
the title-pages, and has made in all more than 2,000 cards.

Work to Be Done

Among the essential pieces of work to be done in 1916 should
be mentioned the filling up of gaps in our sets of periodicals and
the completing of our files by purchase or exchange; the catalog-
ing of duplicates so that an opportunity for sale or exchange may
quickly be taken advantage of; the completion of the dictionary
catalog ; the analysis of books by chapters and sections so that all
material on a given subject may be made available; and the
assigning of subject headings to pamphlet cards.

TABULAR STATISTICS

Accessions, 1915

Volumes Pamph'ets Parts
Bi HUNnCNASe@ steerer Sa eae f
{EAN Aiea Get ae a ae 308 300 1,401
By vemchan ce ats esi. .c.case: 65 116 222
By spublication ised 2a re) 35 2
BY ACeDOSIb gays tt ete eae 2 ) fe)
771 460 1,775
Total of publications added to the library in 1915, exclusive of cur-
Ot tes Otel Cd Cal Gea alee WAae sasahree Soon rerns wcrc cle Met ee etn ORE RE ys 3
Ge total of fresh publications received in rors, including current
ISSUES GOLERSELI ALS: <coxcuiv saat faics RUS od ocean aT Meese pe Ce eA hr ts 4,474
Total number of volumes in the library December 31, 1914 ......... 3,033
WaoMumee adced. qh OLS wikeee aie cacy eae en te eeinaeee een icieaes 71
Total number of volumes in the library December 31, 1915 ......... 3,804
see vice of pamphlets in the library December 31, 1914 (ap-
PURE: CMEC CN E vl Oy Kab Sct rane aaa Rng ce anny neers’ Ot ay ee ere 3,650
poe ine LIAMAT:G Tepes 8 ose So See 2 Gl Slee a oe DO RU om Zinn
Total number of pamphlets in the library December 31, 1915 ....... 5,885,
Total number of volumes and pamphlets in the library December 31,
TL A cis cyce eee ate Ment es ev ayaa oS have ycletcaro sanders otete cys seers pee Merron ,683
Total number of volumes and pamphlets in the library, December 31,
ee eee ern Ore EP Pra Deen Yin, Een 9,689
Jnerease an number of publications 2. 2.0. s2 85.5 ae em be eee mea wes 3,006

Serial Publications
Count of periodicals, state and government publications, and society
transactions currently received in the library:

BY SSUDSCHI PRION erases sotay cates cea a rdnscorss tease Gee eee 30
By gift

Pa a SO

BS Wane iC llanl open mmnatnrntycrncs reeristtsc ee edete occas eee eee eS 159
By es ae the Brooklyn Museum ................ 2
By deposit from the Brooklyn Public Library .......... 2

ByaepubliGatio megte ie etn aves en os) Prenat

Printed Cards

Index sae of the United States Experiment Stations on file in the
libra

VaWCCEMDEL Wale SLOTAV nt 20h ei ugtss eins Geers: Omer 5,967
ene Stations ey cards added by purchase in 1915 ....... 223
Total ae of Experiment Stations index cards on file in the

Ve DECIDE hia TORGS gen tris: Oke Gann a Mian a se ative eae ,190
oe Botutical Club index cards on file in the library December

aT ee 0) 1 Sg area he eri iies genre a, ant ep Reaper et Cogan tape F 21,286
Torrey Botanical Club index cards added by purchase in 1915 ..... 1,687
Total number of Torrey Botanical Club index cards on file Decem- |

ise treed ey neve gay On red Cte ene ea OCG eee 2,973

Number of cards of Index algarum universalis, issues 1-4, received
Ret TIM AG MIS Fe i Cy ed RI in No Secon ea na en hy OR: 2,400
Photographic negatives on file December 31, 1914 ..............5- 1,436
Negatives accessioned in 1QIs | ENG VAN ei terns warner ttl ctr “322
Total number of negatives on file December 31, I9QI5 .........-... 1,758
Eantenn sudessousiile WWecemper 31, 0Ol4 4. - eee meses ee ene 1,406
leantonmes (dessaccessltoned: 1m TOLG mnt. <i. eu, acon aes 230
Total number of lantern slides on file December 31, 1915 ......... 1,645

Miscellaneous Statistics for 1915 |
Volumes entered in accession catalog ............5....-..-5.-050- 1,898
Volumes classified and shelf-listed .......... 0.0.0... 0.0 c eee eee ee 1,562
(Carmals. tarorcl sor Gvelbiohign —senqnosssesoeocesedocuscouosuu en cnouse 1,185
Gardsvaddedetomdictionanyacataloge warare. sewer ese en pean 1,107
Cards made for catalog of pmenee ae weld tle, ghee penta iva i etree 953
Cards added to current periodical catalog .............. 000000000 164
WraEINES SeiMe tue) MIMNGSE Aso auaoascaomone bons 0onbs oes cuuboanacda oe 322
Books loaned to members of the Garden staff .................... 246
Numbenssoieneadersan the libnary: =. «arene soe ose cen eee 1,027
Nimbermtotulettersmwiltten. ction a ons ccyacy Stak ents © Corer, 351
Names of Donors, 1915
Pamph-
Volumes lets

Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn....... 42
Allt, W TOOK] yee ks ee arr ye eee a demeanor 5
American Social Hygienic Association, New York ....... I
Andrews, F. M., Bloomington, Indiana ................ it

80

Arizona Noriciitiral experiment SLALOM a. cs vss 25 siete
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment. Station ......ansa:73%
AtcinsoOr jac Lt. dthaca, IN. Yeopvsens 344 te Sees eee
ON UU sjitce Pt iioyal aes Reveal} gol s) vd 6c 1 EP Paeee ge re oseraar emg Pe crn
Bates: J. M- RedoCloud, Nebraska... anh. stn. 2. Sie geen
Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, L, I. ...2<:..

Brooklyr xe VeocPostmaster <n carne caies eo eearnn
Prony Institute of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn Museum
Cambridge: University of, Cambridpe, Eno... 24 ..427.440%
Department of Agriculture, Ottawa ....c34.\¢745
Canadian -Morestry Association s4:.0) 10. eis Caen tate eee
Carheoie Institution of Washington <7 29.62 2.;- o.daas eae
Collins, bat), loasthanipton) Wass... os .4 56 1s pas ae acs
(ole slob Brook vite Ny Vole aas se eae sean oe are
Cornell tverstty Aerio: Exot Station, Ithaca NEY. ics
Pave pore Web) 4, wo eoe et aN ae seas ie koa) een eee
Delaware A oeieanural Experiment Station 2.c:s.-ee sas on
Higuliolesmagpata. New LOCK as .44504oeancns v meets oa are
Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville ....
Bree. Montagtie, Brooklyn, IN. ¥.0003 225. eck. oe ie
Gager“@sStuant. brooklyn. Ne CY ote sees ays ss eee ane
Hoagland Bacteriological Laboratory, Brooklyn, N. Y. ...
Illinois State Museum of Natural History, Springfield ....
india Acti-Horticuitural Society, Alipur is¢ ic2.4e es
Indiana seas eae Experiment Station, Lafayette ......
TohnGrenar Library; The, Chicago, Til xi ica ets
Kentucky eerie Experiment Station, Lexington ...
Jeibrary Burned. New. YOLK css cn eters el geee motes
Maiden) Ich: Sydney: Australia c2.2.7. icsre seo sale eciee
Maine ABereditiral Experiment Station, Orono: 2.45... 22.2
Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst.
Massachusetts. State Horester, Boston %..554. «yore ar e4
ie {iim Diao iow renee eae acne ha rcns
ni Universi, @ Ford + Ohio sven Saree ab eee oo
vice polis n.) Board of Park Commissioners .....
Missouri ee Experiment Station, Columbia.....
Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis SE ary

osto
New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, Durham
New Jersey Agric. Experiment Station, New Brunswick ..
New jersey. Geological Survey, Trenton .2:::.. icp .05

22

HH

81

INewaVOorknCity s*board ob Gity Record 4.2.2.2 -25...4 = 2

: (in nos.)
New York (City) Board of Estimate and Apportionment. 1

(in nos.)
New York (State) Agric. Experiment Station, Geneva... 8 17
New York (State) Col. of Agric.,Cornell University, Ithaca 29
New York (State) Conservation Commission, Albany ... 14
New York (State) Univ. of the State of New York, Albany 1
NewaVorkebBotanicaltGardenin- q.5 ss aes ee ane 7
@stetio cmv veel mee Oat DG Cet gee eee ee 10
Rhode Island Agricultural Pee ee Station, Kingston, II
Raj Koeinversitymliinecnt, Ilolland (2... o. 4... 4. ce - = se I
IPoNGte, Li, Wii AWA bhayeavorers IDO Bene, buvlarina wares Gea goes ae 2
SEbalovoyany, Mild Ge: (Em teh dole) dhe ne seen a oo en Teneo ae 2
Solmmeraler, IP, heoyolldhiin acagunuscsougcecuoodocatdoabuocds
(in nos.)

Schotierdmla hen ew: YVOCk: 225 x alesse hoon. wee ee ee aT
Shaw, Miss M. E., Brooklyn ......... ee Here ea Aino 2
Siang 1s. Wie; ener led bhi IME aeoea secon conan ede I 7
Syaauhoal;. JN SeCh> Lae dN Dewees ial eee ies perenne Aen res On amin gues anrcrg 2 5 24
Girone Imstitution, Washington, DD. ©.) -2...85. see I I
South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Brookings 40
Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, Storrs, Cont 20
Aeincikesy;, HN, (Ey, (Cenanlorackets aut, 4 5u suc0docvocsn duo supodoc I
Tee Imperial oe SappoLromiapaneee sere 9 aa 4 6
Underwood, J. T., REO Te cee cite eee en nee e mee re
United States. a of the Census, Washington, D.C. 1
United States. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.. 9 382
United States. Dept. of Agric. Office of Expt. Stations. 10 32
seca States. Department of Agriculture. Weather Bu-

CEB WAVES Onaga a reed Bie ata cet etree Stare con re rer 5
United States National Me ecur Sa pee ee ae et ee hs I 2
United States Brewers Association, New York .......... I
Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan ........... 590
Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station, Burlington.... 5 100
Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Pullman ... 99
West of Scotland eae ae Glasgow ......... I
WihitewAlired@:, Brooklyn; IN: Yo so... 0-seeee ns es 2
Wilson, Prof. E. B. New Yo oe Se ieee ero ere rR ICE 9. 4 19
The H. W. Wilson Company, White Plains, N. Y. ........ 4
Worle. lal, Isls, 1Pitoyarakente, 18, Ie aaonanaooococdonn es dec scr I

In closing this report, I desire to express my full appreciation
of the work done by my predecessors in office, Miss Stelle and
Miss Fossler. I wish also to thank the members of the staff for

82

valuable suggestions as to publications to be secured, and for
special lists of books recommended for the building up of the
collections in the library of the Garden.
Respectfully submitted,
Laura E. W. BENEDICT,
Librarian.

BINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR rons
1. Muwnicrpat ACCOUNT

1360 Personal Service:

ADPLOPHaAtON a fea ee eee eee eee es $28,500.00
Contributed from private funds .............. 2,602.57
; 31,192.57
Hiern Ce Cae rere ten en eet eeu re ee Se 31,192.11
Balance, December 31, 1915 .............- i AG
1361 Supplies:
ADPLODELALI Oni a oe Aah ten lett ea een eees $ 4,550.00
Agee ee oe TRGB: ehesccin teeseen cease ae $ 22.91
Contributed from private funds .............. 276.40 299.31
4,849.31
lransterved Oct sO2 ante ite cece restos $ 98.30
Mratrshenreds 10% 1300 accra nce. ates eee ee 141.00
Wepamsterted: tO 130der a: tue fae te ees ae .70
WehansteGned (OlcG37Om.. ee me en ge ee 8.07 248.16
Else ery Cle cli tea soa eat mea: tet dae Br a gaat rae fae 4,601.15
1362 Purchase of Equipment:

TODILAt Olea eevee ak ns ee Ie ae $ 1,700.00
Contributed from private funds .............. $102.50
‘Pransiterred rom: [901 4c. .2050 ves co oe stew os cage 98.39
Mransterted ¢hroime1303) atic ait Meee ee 42.17 243.06

1,043.06
‘ran sterled stO- LOA vcs c. cute te ee ae ae 3.00
1,939.07
BUS CITC Ci Werreie sang al ay Mee tee Gey eee 1,939.07
1363 Materials: .

PMO ita DLO ter eeree aa es ena ota Sra eta 400.00

ARanistennedmtowLa02 i aa eneriae intact asin ears $ 42.17
nanishenrved eto 70 tcten.w ssi etme ne cyte 14.91 57.08
342.92

dsp oY Sake ota ers ater aracar tan rk rae nee ea nari Me cere n 342.92

1364

1365

1366

1367

1369

1370

General Repairs:

JAD) SNHCONOSTE MGIC) aM ENR rnd Pane legen pCa es SToee
Picancie puede PEO she Oke... fpsnkae see eee Se yin)
iransternedeinom sO 740s 4 eee ee a 3.99
[Slo‘gayziaQak stale: Wete aeiys Hemeeidtns Wiipntht er catty ay ene Nea Ta
Light, Heat and Power:
ENP DUO (aU DLO Nees erege arte cent tng tee ee ore Se ale
diianstenredmstowlcOl osvecn te pene ae ee ee $ 22.91
SRG ATISMGRGeCmtON NGO mtr 1s ne eae ren G 5.73
ESOP GI COMM AES 24° Oty tee va) Meany ae edn ee Ae at
Hire of Horses and Vehicles with Drivers:
/\{DYBYOY BVENIC CG) ce rp ek ees ee ge eM Un
TEE Sveyoy ey avG Kral" ghee eae ramen te ant Een se a eM RN int ae
Hire of Horses and Vehicles without Drivers:
JN NRO} TENG) ERR Meee Rem cee yen eo eee
LESS aX (2c ee ee PS eNO oye Spa eens Glee
Expressage and Deliveries:
EAD DRODMAUON .. 20.05 8. a ee,
Mransterred from 1361 <<. sce. $141.00
Contributed from private funds .............. 27.98
Beapended’ ...02 56 se 5 ot te eee ee
Communication:
EAPPLOPHIAtION 2-0 .s'. va’. s ata ee ere
Gontributed from private funds = 22,224...
dransterred to 1370) ....5 wi eee en,
Bxpended es.) 0.44 note cowie eee
Contingencies:
PX DDGODIIAUION. ssc seins dsc dele cep
Mransterred from 1361 -... ue. $ 8.07
‘itansterred. from 1362) <2 osssseeeee TA OL
‘Transferred from 1365 <2... eer we
‘Dransferred from 1360), eee eee. 31.95

Expended cnses dds iat ae ee

325.00

168.98

493.98
493.98

$ 150.00
77

150.77
31.95
118.82
118.82

1371 Insurance:

MODOC DMATIONS ae oh an ey Gan a ee $ 50.00

{Ss jet alle La Gia graraeii ee cherie ararar gr ia errr ese, Sh areue rere 0.00
Balance, December 31, I1015:.............% $ 50.00

Summary of Municipal Account:

Aporoprmation by City for maintenance ...Gh stakes $37,124.50
Contributed from private funds . ..a:.4 18s 4s eee 3,100.22

~ 40,224.72

Aoi 0 Yo) UES Fs i a ara ee re ore ah OARS gr 8 tet 40,174.26
Balance Wecember: 9h TOI 9.3 fave at <n Meroe $ 50.46

2. Private Funps ACCOUNTS FOR IQI5

1. Endowment Fund, Income Account:

Balance: January) 1Ors nie wacs ce ean: $ 109.88 |
I Bul(ce ual Sra Roy UR eaa rene rrnanern ise aie eect ae aie mercury fore 2,589.42
Special eon tripUtons. <a eeeatas ea ee eee 3,013.86
5,713.16
Contributed to Maintenance Accounts ....... § 556.37
sap endedee te pment Gos tiene nee oe anaes 5,032.57 5,588.04
Balance, December 31, IQI5 .........1..-- $. 124.22

2. Botanic Garden Collection Fund, ro13:

RecelVGd): BORE i a.2n0 een elon aon aang $ 1,644.00
Fe pend ed cwaawcnwe aire tauren aniaeee 00

3. Special Contributions:

GROLVEU. eet ih caren rey eet ees $ 6,223.04
Contributed to Maintenance Accounts ....... $2,543.85
Bsapendeds se kes | Mares ar ae ee eae 3,060.47 6,213.32
Balance, December 31, 1915 ...........-. a Sh eta Se 7
4. Cary Library Fund:
RECO y eda we ene crene ceovnres rine eet pn cone tees Sys
Eiapentded een. ture sna symone aR eae! - 0.00
Balance, December 31, IQI5 ............. Ss Pas
5. George C. Brackett Library Fund:
Balance waniary. tee lOtG us ae ye ee So cee
TRCOMES (LOTS se eer y wert einen ot saya aay 25.00
eave 38.81
Eep ered eet sre ee eee ee gs eee eee 26.90

Balance, December 31, I9I5 ...........-. $ Thor

85

6. Sustaining Membership Account:

Alan cemsanuanyeT mTOR. <0... ee te kee $ 23.00
EVE CCIVEC BLO LOMA ety Boley. sb ste a ed 260.00
283.00
lapgnysiukaleel ‘yo ade aipabe be ee ieee ee tess 279.70
Balances ecemben 31; IOUS 2.1.2.0 Meee Se Ge
7. Annual Membership Account:
INC Cel eC BLO Logan 4, ation aaa. | $ 670.00
ISmeorsila laal feiss: te as eine Pee ave ee ns an 478.03
Balance, December 31, 1915 ............. $ 191.97
8. Special Contribution—Japanese Garden Account:
Balancemattiany 1, TOUS. 064 we $ 14.06
EVCCEMMCOMIO LG, fie hn en) eee 1,256.80
1,270.86
BECP CUCU N Me ai yile rm nitel uate how Gn esas. ta 1,270.86
9g. Tuition and Sales Account:
eceived
Gy BIMSTGCtl Ongena Sh ghesbeds
(b) Penny seed-packets ........-....... 856.13
(c) Incidentals
Balance, January 1, 1915 ........ $ 19.84
- Received) Tors eee 9.30 29.14
$1,199.02
Expended
(a) elnstruction, 3... eee ee $ 476.06
(b) Penny seed-packets ................ 470.50
Ce) incidentals: .. 4... eee eee 125.61 1,078.17
Balance, December 31, 101ces eee 120.85
Summary of Private Funds Accounts:
Balance, January 1, 1015 peepee eee $ 180.59
Income, 1915 ..... 1. eee 16,939.05
"17,110.64
Bxpended’ oo... +d) eee 16,579.92

86

APPROPRIATIONS OF CORPORATE STOCK OF TREES
CITY OF NEW YORK FOR PERMANENT IM-
PROVEMENTS, AND EXPENDITURES
THEREFROM DURING 1915
C.D.P. 200]. ($40,000.00. ) ee Grading, Draining, Piping, and Soil
mprovements
Balance, January J) [00h 2... 52-2 cee lei shawes een a enema ee $1,042.65

Expenditures :
Norton & Gorman Contracting Company
Tos Som-and Manure 52.606 ¢.0 5. sae vss ego tae 049.45
Balance, December 31, 1915 ....-.-+-seeees ical 93.20
C.D.P. 200K. ($30,000.00.) For Construction of Roadways, Walks, Stone
Steps, and Paving

Balance, datety, 1 Kn AON eee wep e rer create oy rst $5,012.00
Expenditures

Louis J. Siete. Sradine a oe eee ee $4,358.47
Olmsted Brothers, landscape architects .........--- 228.28 4, 586.75
Balance, December 31, IQI5 ..-.-.sseeee ree eeeeree 425.25

C.D.P. 200L. ($100,000.00.) For Buildings
Balance, bes (en oh A Reena arrears koa 6 Te $5,789.31
Pp MEN GUGUGGE = siain tid nea cela ne ed ems 1 aa ene aes a ree 0.00
a Dekemtien AY TOTG asec amen as ans $5,780.31
APPENDIX 1

PUBLICATIONS OF MEMBERS OF STAFF DURING re

Free, Montague

A scale insect on nephrolepis. Florists’ exchange 39:
236 Jan. 30th,

Iris tingitana. Horticulture 21: 172; Feb. 6th.

—— Rhipsalis pachyptera. /bid. 21: by eb: 270.

—_ Some beautiful Irises. bid. 21: 303; March 6th.

-—— Plants for hanging baskets. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Leaflets
TIT?. - May sth.

Euphorbia epithymoides. Florists’ Exchange 39: 236;
June 3oth.

Saxifraga irrigua. J/bid. 40: 88; July roth.

—— Selaginellas. Horticulture 22: 35; July roth.

——— Lythrum virgatum. Florists’ change 40: 764; Oct. 2nd.

87

House plants. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Leaflets III?. Oct.

27th.
The Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Journal of the Kew Guild
22: 219-222.

Caparn, H. A., and Taylor, N.
Planting a botanic garden. Landscape Architecture 5:

1571032) itilye

Gager, C. Stuart

Calkin’s Biology (Review). Torreya 15: 50-53. March.

—— Fourth Annual Report of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden,
Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Record 4: 17-45. April.

—— Rare cycads from Australia. Ibid. 4: 83-092. July.

Ascent of Sap in Plants

>

—— JDixon’s Transpiration and th
Review). Torreya 15: 209-211. i ie

—— Ballot for names for the exterior of the laboratory build-
ing. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Record. 4: 105-123. October.

School gardening in Philadelphia. Jbid. 4: 125-126. Oc-

tober.

Shaw, Ellen Eddy

Plants for school rooms. Nature Study Review. 2: 2.
February.

-—. List of talks for elementary school classes. Brooklyn Bot.
Gard. Leaflets 31: April 7th.

The second Sal children’s garden exhibit. Jbid. 3°.
April 21st.

—— -Uhetchildren's garden ¢xhibimeeypmde 3". Septsasth,

—— Talks for elementary schools. Ibid. 3°. Oct. 6th.

Taylor, N.

Flora of the vicinity of New York. A contribution to

plant geography. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 5: 1-683. January.

The growth-forms of the flora of the vicinity of New

York. Am. Jour, Bot. 2: 23-31. January.

The African bow-string hemp. Brooklyn Bot. Gard.
Record 4: 12-14. January.

—— bdShreve’s Montane Rain Forest (Review) 7 ‘orreya 15: 53-
54. March.

hss

88

—— Trevena’s Adventures among wild flowers (Review).
Ibid. 15: 55. March.

—— Kraemer’s Applied and Economic Botany (Review).
Ibid. 15: 80-82. April.

Report of the curator of plants. Brooklyn Bot. Gard.
Record 4: 47-51. April.

—— A walk through the Garden. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Leaf-
lens arn) “Spit;

A hundred native perennials for the wild garden. Garden

Magazine 21: 214-215. May.

and) Caparn, H. A. Planting a botanic garden. Land-
scape Architecture. 5: 157-163. July.

White, Orland E.

—— The origin and history of some of our more common gar-
den vegetables. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Leaflets 3°. pp. 12.
Figs. 1-5. June 30th.

= “The crossing of flowers. Ibid. 3%". pp. 12. Figs. 1-8.
October 13th.

(

APPENDIX 2

PUBLIC: LECTURES, ADDRESSES, 2AND PAPERS
GIVEN BY MEMBERS OF STAFF DURING 1915

By the director of the Garden: :
March 4. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Colonia Club.
September 8. Present status of the problem of the effects
of radium rays on plant life. N. Y. Botanical Garden.
Twentieth Anniversary Exercises,
October 31. Colonel Woodward and the Brooklyn Garden.
Memorial meeting, Academy of Music.
December 7. What the Brooklyn Botanic Gar den is doing for
children. New York Federation of Women’s Clubs.
December 15. Effects of electricity and radium rays on plants.
Rhode Island Horticultural Society, Providence.
By the curator of plants:
September 8. A white cedar swamp on Long Island and its
significance. Twentieth Anniversary Exercises. New
York Botanical Garden.

89

December 30. Endemism in the flora of the vicuuty of New
York. Botanical Society of America, Columbus, Ohio.

By the curator of plant breeding:

March 22. Heredity, variation and environment with demon-
stration material. Pratt Institute Class, Brooklyn Botanic
Garden.

April 28. Mendelism and its relation to the problems of
evolution and heredity. Torrey Botanical Club, New
York Botanical Garden.

August 23. The crossing of flowers. Southampton Garden
Club, Southampton, L. I

September 9. Studies of inheritance in Pisum. Twentieth
Anniversary Exercises. New York Botanical Garden.

By the assistant curator of public instruction:
February 14. How to start a garden. The Jewish Orphanage,
Brooklyn.

February 22, |WVhat the Brooklyn Botanic Garden does for
the children of Brooklyn. Brooklyn Woman’s Club.
March 3. Children’s gardens. High School, Princeton, N. fe
March 19. Gardening at home. Kindergarten Alumnae As-
sociation of The Ethical Culture School, Manhattan.

May 14. Children’s gardens. National Plant, Flower and

Fruit Guild, New Rochelle, N. Y.
June oe Children’s gardens. The Garden Club, Princeton,
v. J.

ie pea Five nature study lectures. Summer School of
Winthrop College, Rock Hill, S. C

September 6-11. Five nature study lectures. Teachers Insti-
tute, Anderson, Ind.

October 26. Nature study in the home. Pratt Kindergarten.
Alumnae, Brooklyn,

By the head gardener:
October 25. Alpine and rock plants. Garden Club of Orange
and Dutchess Counties, Cornwall, N.
November 29. Soils. Natural History Club of Commercial!
High School, Brooklyn.

90
APPENDIX 3
BOARD OF ESTIMATE AND APPOINTMENT.

Reso.tution Aportep Marcu 5, 1915, APPROVING FORM OF
CONTRACT, .2TC,, AT A Cost OF $5,078.25, FOR THE Con-
STRUCTION OF WaALKs, ETC., IN THE BROOKLYN
Boranic GarDEN (Cat. No. 70).

The Secretary presented a communication dated February 2
tg1s, from the Commissioner of Parks, Borough of Brookyln,
requesting approval of form of contract, plans, specifications, etc.,
at an estimated cost of $5,078.25 for the construction of walks,
etc., in the addition to the southerly end of the Brooklyn Botanic
Garden: and the following report of the Bureau of Contract
Supervision recommending approval thereof at an estimated cost

of $4,350:

Crry or New York, Boarp or EstiMATE AND APPORTION MENT
MunicipaL BuiLtpinc, BuREAU OF CONTRACT SUPERVISION,

March 2, 1915.
To tHE Boarp or EstiMATE AND APPORTIONMENT:

Gentlemen: On February 3, 1915, you referred to the Bureau of Con-
tract Supervision, a communication from the Commissioner of Parks,
Borough of Brooklyn, dated February 2, 1915, requesting approval of
plans, form of contract, specifications and estimates of cost, 5,078.25, for
the construction of walks, etc, in the addition to southerly end of the
Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Borough of Brooklyn.

It is proposed to charge the cost of the work to corporate stock funds
entitled C.D.P. 200-J, Grading and Improvement, Brooklyn Botanic Gar-
den, and C.D.P. 200-K, Construction of Roads, Walks, etc. Brooklyn
Botanic Garden. This request provides for the construction of about
1,530 linear feet of asphalt walk, 15 feet in width, together with necessary
sodding and topsoil and suitable provision for drainage, including vitrified
pipe and catch basins.

The construction of about one half of this path is very necessary, as
the public makes considerable use of a legal right-of-way from Washing-
ton avenue across this property to Flatbush Avenue, at Willwick entrance
to Prospect Park, the property having been purchased subject to such
right-of-way.

The plans, as submitted, provide for this path, and complete the system
of walks and walk drainage, as designed by Olmstead Brothers, land-
scape architects of Brookline, Mass.

91

The fund C.D.P. 200-K, was authorized by the Board of Estimate and
Sea uenea tae on July 17, 1911, and concurred in by the Board of Alder-
men on July 25, 1911, to the amount of $30,000. On March 1, 1915, there
ee in this fund an unencumbered balance of $5,110.26, which is
ample to complete the work for which approval is requested. The plans,
contract, form and specifications as Sues were eee except as
to the drainage plan, which was necessarily expensive. At the suggestion
of the Bureau of Contract seen ee ae eee eg has amended
the plans in this particular, and they are now satisfactory.

The estimate of cost as submitted, $5,078.25, is pecan Owing to
the change in plan, and excessive unit prices in the estimate, the cost
should not exceed $4,3

recommend the eat of the attached resolution granting the re-
quest, as amended

—

Respectfully,

TILDEN ADAMSON,
Director.
ihe stol
Resolved, That the Board of Estimate and Apportionment

hereby approves the contract, form, plans, specifications, all
amended, and estimate of cost, to an amount of forty-three hun-
dred and fifty dollars ($4,350), for the purpose of the construc-
tion of walks and necessary drainage in connection therewith, in
the addition to the southerly end of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden,
Borough of Brooklyn, under the jurisdiction of the Commissioner
of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn; the cost to be charged to the
corporate stock fund C.D.P., 200-K, Construction of Roads,

Walk, etce., Brooklyn Botanic (Garden: and be it further

Resolved, That if no bids are received for such work within
such estimated cost, the amount of such estimated cost upon the

Tr

owing resolution was offered:

bids so received may be reconsidered in its discretion by the
Board of Estimate and Apportionment or by any official des-
ignated by the Board, provided that any of such bids is within the
amount authorized and available for such work.

Which was adopted by the following vote:

A ffirmative-—The Mayor, the Comptroller, the President of
the Board of Aldermen, the Presidents of the Boroughs of Man-
hattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx and Queens and the Acting Presi-
dent of the Borough of Richmond—16 (City Record 43: 2316.
1g Mch 1915).

92
APPENDIX 4
BOARD. OF ESTIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT
RESOLUTION ADOPTED ON JUNE II, 1915, APPROVING TRANSFERS
OF APPROPRIATIONS AND MOopIFICATION OF SCHEDULES

FOR THE BROOKLYN “BOTANICAL GARDEN
"Cal. NO.70)

The Secretary presented a communication dated May 25, 1915,
from the Commissioner of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn, re-
questing a transfer within the appropriation for said department
for 1915; and the following report of the Comptroller, recom-
mending approval thereof and modification of schedules:

City oF New York, Boarp oF EstIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT,
MunicipaAL BuiLpING, BuREAU OF CONTRACT SUPERVISION,
June 3, I9I5.
To THE Boarp oF EstTriMATE AND APPORTIONMENT:

Gentlemen: On May 26, 1915, you referred to me a communication
from the Commissioner of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn, dated May 25,
IQI5, requesting transfer within the appropriations made for the Botanical
Garden and Arboretum for the year 1915, as follows:

From
Supplies
196m “Botanical-and Agricultural Supplies. «. ci +..4a5 secures « $141.00

)
Contract or Open Order Service
i7Ge aempressare sand: Deliveries: <csasi ics poctect ex sgeeiete h rameodtes $141.00
In preparing the budget for aot ths sum of $325 was requested and
allowed for “ Expressage and Delive
The Botanical Garden has ee Aaa a large quantity of fer-
tilizer, on which the freight and delivery charges amounted to $402. The
transfer is ee a to provide sufficient funds to meet this unforeseen
expenditure
here is sufficient excess unencumbered tae in account 1361 to
permit of this transfer
recommend the Ribonon of the attached resolution granting the re-
quest and modifying the schedules involved.
Respectfully,
Ww. A. PRENDERGAST,
omptroller.

93

The following resolution was offered :

Resolved, That the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, pur-
suant to the provisions of section 237 of the Greater New York
Charter, hereby approves of the transfer of funds appropriated
for the Botanical Garden and Arboretum, Department of Parks,
Borough of Brooklyn, for the year 1915, as follows:

FRoM
Supplies
1361 Botanical and Agricultural Supplies............ $141.00
To
Contract or Open Order Service
‘Transportation—
UOSmeLxpressage and Deliveries .../..........)0/06n $141.00

Which was adopted by the following vote:
_ Affirmative—The Mayor, the Comptroller, the President of
the Board of Aldermen, the Presidents of the Boroughs of Man-
hattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx and Queens and the Acting Presi-
dent of the Borough of Richmond—16,

The following resolution was offered:

Resolved, That the Board of Estimate and Apportionment
hereby approves of the schedules, as revised for the Botanical
Garden and Arboretum, Department of Parks, Borough of Brook-
lyn, for the year 1915, as follows:

1361 Supplies—

Huclesupplies. ...:. 0.5 6. eee $1,575.00
O©Mices Supplies: < ..)... sca eee. 950.00
Botanical and Agricultural Supplies ........... 1,834.00
General Plant Supplies... eee. 25.00
Laundry, Cleaning and Disinfecting Supplies .. 25.00
$4,409.00
1g08s#Expressage and Deliveries.) Spee... $ 466.00

Which was adopted by the following vote:

Affirmative —The Mayor, the Comptroller, the President of the
Board of Aldermen, the Presidents of the Boroughs of Man-
hattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx and Queens and the Acting Presi-
dent of the Borough of Richmond—16. (City Record, 43: 5127.
25 June, 1915s.)

94
APPENDIX 5
BOARD OF ESTIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT

ResotutioN Apoptep By THE Boarp oF ESTIMATE AND APPOR-
TIONMENT ON Marcu 3, 1916, APPROVING TRANSFERS OF
Funps To THE AMOUNT OF $201.92, APPROPRIATED
IN THE Tax BUDGET OF THE BROOKLYN

BoTANIC GARDEN FOR IQ15.
Department of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn—Transfer of Ap-
| propriation (Cal. No. 42).

The Secretary presented a communication dated February 7,
1916, from the Commissioner of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn,
requesting a transfer within the appropriation for 1915; and the
following report of the Comptroller recommending approval
thereof :

February 24, 1916.
To THE Boarp or EsTIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT:

Gentlemen—On February 7, 1916, the Commissioner of Parks,
Borough of Brooklyn, requested the transfer of $201.92 within
the appropriations made to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and
Arboretum, for the year 1915.

The Bureau of Contract Supervision, to which the request was
referred on February 9, 1916, reports thereon as follows:

“The proposed transfer of $136.57 to account 1362, General
Plant Equipment, is for the purpose of meeting, 1n part, an out-
standing bill for the installation of snow guards at the green-
houses, made necessary by the heavy fall of snow in December.

“The proposed transfer of $4.69 to account 1364, General Re-
pairs, is required to meet, in part, an outstanding bill for emerg-
ency repairs to the greenhouses which were damaged by snow in
December, 1915.

“The proposed transfer of $60.66 to account 1370, Contin-
gencies, is made necessary by the fact that an allowance of $350,
which was made for traveling expenses in the 1915 budget, has
proved insufficient. This traveling was considered necessary and

95

was contemplated at the time the budget was adopted, but the
estimated amount then allowed has proven to be less than the
actual expenditure.

“There are sufficient balances in the debit accounts to meet the
transfers.”

I recommend the adoption of the attached resolution approving
the request.

Respectfully,
Wma. A. PRENDERGAST,
Comptroller.

The following resolution was offered:

Resolved, That the Board of [’stimate and Apportionment, pur-
suant to the provisions of section 237 of the Greater New York
Charter, hereby approves of the transfer of funds appropriated
to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and Arboretum, for the year
1915, as follows:

FRoM
TQ ImeR OUP PITS. |. sc... ene e eam St) 3! eee, S 84.25
TROP ere EA TOTALS ".'.css0 ane «5 oe ea: os 8 Ra eae 57.08
Contract or Open Order Service
BO5e- light, Eleat and Power se srerner. .....6. 0. 28.64
WsO0 ne COmmunication: ic. . Monee ere. kee, 31.95
| $201.92
To
Purchase of Equipment
1362 General Plant Equipmentyeeweeers ......... $136.57
Contract or Open Order Service
1304 -General Repairs .. ase. 4.69
T3870. COMUNSencies «1015-30 iM ce, wd kag 60.66
$201.92

Which was adopted by the following vote:

A ffirmative—The Acting Mayor, the Comptroller and the
Presidents of the Boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx,
Queens and Richmond—13.

U6
APPENDIX 6
BOARD OF ESTIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT

REPORT OF COMMITEE ON CorporaATE StocK BUDGET, PRESENTED
AT THE MEETING OF JUNE II, 1915, RECOMMENDING THAT
AN AUTHORIZATION OF $100,000 CORPORATE STOCK FOR
THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE BrooKLYN BOTANIC :

GARDEN BE APPROVED

Department of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn—tIssue of Corporate
Stock (Cal. No. 19)

The Secretary presented a report of the Committee on Cor-
porate Stock Budget on the request of the Commissioner of
Parks, Borough of Brooklyn, for an issue of $128,500 corporate
stock for “ Additions to the Botanical Garden Buildings.”

The report states that on May 26, 1915, a check for $100,000
was deposited by Mr. Alfred T. White, who wrote to the Comp-
troller on May 11, as follows:

“T have secured by private subscription one hundred thousand
dollars ($100,000) to be given to the City towards the comple-
tion of buildings and other development of the Brooklyn Botanic
Garden, on the understanding that the City will appropriate an
equal amount of Corporate Stock for a similar purpose.”

At present the Brooklyn Botanic Garden buildings are greatly
congested, and the facilities for carrying on the work are
inadequate.

The acceptance under the conditions outlined in this offer ee
this time will provide funds sufficient for all improvements needed
in the Botanic Garden for several years.

It is the opinion of the Committee that the generous offer

made through Mr. White should be accepted.

It is recommended that an authorization of $100,000 corporate
stock for the improvement of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden be
approved,

(On January 29, 1915 (No. 115G), the above matter was
referred to said Committee.)

The matter was laid over one week (June 18, 1915) under
Rule 19. (City Record 43: 5107. 25 June, 1915.)

97
APPENDIX 7
BOARD OF ESTIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT

AcTION TAKEN oN JUNE 18, 1915, APPROVING THE AUTHORIZA-
TION OF AN IssuUE OF $100,000 CoRPORATE STOCK FOR THE
IMPROVEMENT OF THE BRooKLYN BoTANIC GARDEN

Department of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn—Issue of Corporate
Stock for Additions to the Botanical Garden Buildings
Cal. No. 11

(On January 29, 1915 (No. 115G), the request of the Com-
missioner of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn, in this matter was
referred to the Committee on Corporate Stock Budget.)

(On June 11, 1915 (Cal. No. 19), the report of the Committee
on Corporate Stock Budget was presented to the Board, and the
matter was laid over for one week, under Rule 19.)

The Secretary presented a communication, dated January 4,
1915, from the Commissioner of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn,
requesting an issue of Corporate Stock, for various permanent
improvements, one of the items, amounting to $128,500, calling
for Additions to Botanic Garden Buildings; and the following
report of the Committee on Corporate Stock Budget recom-
mending approval thereof in the sum of $100,000:

City or New York, Boarp oF EstiIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT,
MounicipaL Buitpinc, Bureau or Contract SUPERVISION,
May 29, I9QI5S.
To THE BoarpD oF EstIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT:
eee On January 29, 1915, you referred to the Corporate Stock
Budget Committee a communication from the Commissioner of Parks,
ke of Brooklyn, dated January 4, 1915, requesting the issue of co
porate stock for various permanent improvements under the Rete
of his department for the year 1915
One of the items requested was for “ Additions to Botanic Garden
Haase $128,500,”
ay I, I9I5, a communication was received by tlie Comptroller
from ee Alfred T. White, in which he stated as follows
“T have secured by private subscription one hundred Shanecen dollars
($100,000) to be given to the City towards the completion of buildings

98

and other development of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, on the under-
standing that the City will appropriate an equal amount of corporate stock
for a similar purpose.”

On May 26, 1915, a check for $100,000 was deposited by Mr. White with
the Comptroller and temporarily placed to the credit of a Suspense Fund
and is at present being held.

At present the Brooklyn Botanic Garden ai are greatly con-
gested, and the facilities for carrying on the work are inadequate. The
necessity for improvement in the buildings, ee perhaps not vitally
urgent this year, is so great that the City will be compelled to expend in
excess of $100,000 in making necessary improvements in the near future

The acceptance under the conditions outlined in this offer at'this time
will provide funds sufficient for all improvements needed in the Botanic
Garden for several years

It is the opinion of your committee that the generous offer made
through Mr. White should be accepted.

We recommend the adoption ae attached resolution approving the
authorization of $100,000.

Respectfully,
Ww. A. PRENDERGAST,
mptroller;

GRANT ESTERBROOK,

Acting President, Board of Aldermen;
E. W. Vooruies,
Acting Pre sident, Borough of Brooklyn;
OUGLAS MATHEWSON,
President, Borough of the Bro
Corporate Stock Budget Contin

The following resolution was offered:

Resolved, That the Board of Estimate and Apportionment,
pursuant to the provisions of section 47 of the Greater New York
Charter, as amended, hereby approves of the issue of corporate
stock of The City of New York to an amount not exceeding one
hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) to provide means for the
improvement of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, under the juris-
diction of the Department of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn, and
that when authority therefor shall have been obtained from the
Board of Aldermen the Comptroller be and is hereby authorized
to issue said corporate stock of The City of New York in the
manner provided by section 169 of the Greater New York
Charter, maturing not more than fifteen (15) years after date
of issue, the proceeds thereof to the amount of the par value of
the stock to be applied to the purposes aforesaid; provided, how-

v9

ever, that no encumbrance or expenditure by contract shall be
made against the proceeds of corporate stock herein authorized
nor shall bids upon such contracts be advertised for, until after
approval by the Board of [Estimate and Apporti tionment of the
plans, specifications, estimates of cost, and forms of such con-
tracts which shall be submitted to said Board by the Commis-
sioner of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn, nor shall any architect,

sy

or em-
ployed as a charge against such proceeds except after approval
by said Board of such employment and of the fee or wage to
be paid by preliminary and final contract, vouchers, c r budget

engineer, expert or departmental employee be engaged

schedule which are to be similarly submitted, unless a Phe case
of departmental employees, such employment is in accordance
with schedules approved by said board.

Which was adopted by the following vote:

A ffirmative-—The Mayor, the Comptroller, the Acting Presi-
dent of the Board of Aldermen, the Presidents of the Boroughs
of Manhattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx and Queens and the Acting
President of the Borough of Richmond—t1

The President of the Borough of Brooklyn called the attention
vt the Board to the services rendered by Mr. Alfred T. White,
in connection with this matter, and offered the following
cesolution :

Resolved, That the Board of Estimate and Apportionment of
The City of New York hereby expresses to Mr. Alfred T. White
its cordial appreciation of the services rendered by him to the
City in connection with the Botanical Garden in the Borough of
Brooklyn. The Board feels that the growth and development
of the Botanical Garden is due in a large measure to the interest
shown therein by Mr. White, who for years has aided the institu-
tion by his sympathy, advice and generous financial support.

Which was adopted by the following vote:

A ffirmative-—The Mayor, the Comptroller, the Acting Presi-
dent of the Board of Aldermen, the Presidents of the Boroughs
of Manhattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx and Queens and the Acting
President of the Borough of Richmond—16. (City Record 43:
5455-5450. 7 July, 1915.)

The resolution was referred to the Board of Aldermen on June
22, IQI5.

—

100
APPENDIX 8
BOARD OF ALDERMEN

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FINANCE IN FAvor OF ADOPTING
~ ORDINANCE FOR $100,000 CorPORATE STOCK FOR I MPROVE-
MENT OF BROOKLYN BoTANIC GARDEN.
(No. 713—Int. No. 1885)

The Committee on Finance, to which was referred on June 22,
1915 (Minutes, page 812), the annexed resolution in favor of an
issue of $100,000 Corporate Stock for the improvement of the
Brooklyn Botanic Garden, respectfully

Reports:

That, having examined the subject, it believes the proposed
appropriation to be necessary. A donation of $100,000 has been
made by private subscription on condition that the City furnish
an equal amount to complete this project. This is an opportunity
the City should not lose, and the Committee recommends that the
accompanying ordinance be adopted

AN ORDINANCE providing for an issue of corporate stock of
The City of New York to an amount not exceeding one hundred
thousand dollars ($100,000), to provide means for the improve-
ment of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, under the jurisdiction of
the Department of Parks, Borough of Brookly1

Be it Ordained by the Board of Aldermen of The City of New
York, as follows:

Section rt. The Board of Aldermen hereby approves of and
concurs in the following resolution, adopted by the Board of Es-
timate and Apportionment June 18, 1915, and authorizes the
Comptroller to issue corporate stock of The City of New York
to the amount and for the purposes therein specified :

Resolved, That the Board of Estimate and Apportionment,
pursuant to the provisions of section 47 of the Greater New York
Charter, as amended, hereby approves of the issue of corporate
stock of The City of New York to an amount not exceeding one
hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) to provide means for the

101

improvement of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, under the juris-
diction of the Department of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn, and
that when authority therefor shall have been obtained from the
Board of Aldermen the Comptroller be and is hereby authorized
to issue said corporate stock of The City of New York in the
manner provided by section 169 of the Greater New York Char-
ter, maturing not more than fifteen (15) years after date of issue,
the proceeds thereof to the amount of the par value of the stock
to be applied to the purposes aforesaid ; provided, however, that
no encumbrance or expenditure by contract shall be made against
the proceeds of corporate stock herein authorized nor shall bids
upon such contracts be advertised for, until after approval by the
Board of Estimate and Apportionment of the plans, specifications,
estimates of cost, and forms of such contracts which shall be
submitted to said Board by the Commissioner of Parks, Borough
of Brooklyn, nor shall any architect, engineer, expert or depart-
mental employee be engaged or employed as a charge against such
proceeds except after approval by said Board of such employ-
ment and of the fee or wage to be paid by preliminary and final
contract, vouchers, or budget schedule which are to be similarly
submitted, unless in the case of departmental employees, such
employment is in accordance with schedules approved by said

board.
Henry H. Curran,
JoHN DIEMER,
F. H. STEVENSON,
FRANK J. Dorz_er,
Jesse D. Moore,
F. H. Witmort,
C. Aucustus Post,
Francis P. KENNEY,
Committee on Finance

The Chairman pro-tem. put the question whether the Board
would agree to accept said report and adopt said resolution.

Which was decided in the affirmative by the following vote:

A ffirmative-—Aldermen Bartscherer, Bedell, Brush, Carberry,
Chorosh, Colne, Crane, Cunningham, Diemer, Donnelly, Dotzler,

102

Dowling, Duggan, Dujat, Eichhorn, Ferguson, Ferrand, Eagan,
Fink, Gaynor, Hogan, Igstaedter, Kenney, Kochendorfer,
McCann, McCourt, Milligan, Molen, Moore (Chas. j.), Moore
(Jesse D.), Moran, Mullen (Frank), Mullen (Jas. F.), O’Rourke,
Ottes, Pendry, Post, Rosenblum, Smith, Squires, Stevenson,
Taylor, Trau, Valentine, White, Wilmot, President Connolly,
President Mathewson, President Marks; the Vice-Chairman—

50.
Negative—Aldermen Quinn and Schmelzel—2. (City Record

43: 5537. 8 July, 1915.)
The ordinance was approved by the Mayor on July 16, 1915.

APPENDIX 9
BOARD OF ESTIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT
RESOLUTION APPROVING SPECIFICATIONS, ETC., FOR THE COMPLE-

TION OF THE LABORATORY BUILDING AND GREENHOUSES.
(From Minutes of Meeting of Sept. 24, 1915.)

Department of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn—Approval of Con-
tracts, Plans, Specifications, Etc. (Cal. No. 51)

The Secretary presented a communication dated September 3,
1915, from the Commissioner of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn,
requesting approval of forms of contracts, specifications, plans
and estimates of cost for the completion of laboratory building
and greenhouses for the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Borough of
Brooklyn, at a total estimated cost of $170,000; and the following
report of the Bureau of Contract Supervision recommending ap-

proval thereof:
City or New York, Boarp or EsTIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT,
MunicipaL BurLpinc, BuREAU oF CONTRACT SUPERVISION,
September 21, I015.
To THE Boarp or EsTIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT:

Gentlemen: On September 4, 1915, ae referred to the Bureau of Con-
tract Supervision a communication from the Commissioner of Public
Parks, Borough of Brooklyn, dated Sere 3, 1915, requesting approval
of the forms of contract, specifications, plans and estimates of cost for

103

the completion of the laboratory building and greenhouses for the Brook-
lyn Botanic Garden, Borough of Brooklyn, as follows:

GeneralBconstnichon. sos... ede conor eee acetals oe $136,000
Heating and ventilating work ..............seeeees 20,000
IPAharealbyhayes “WGbS, Geo eogunaoonosb oS ae osou dds ous oHadd 14,000

MROtAmEStiIMa LeGimCOS be sterner stele ste cis criestner: $170,000

The cost is to be charged as follows: One half to the corporate stock
fund “C.D.P. 200-M, Department of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn, Im-
provement of Botanic Garden,” for which your Board approved an appro-
priation of $100,000 on June 18, 1915; and one half to the fund entitled
“S. 566, Suspense ENS SEING Contribution for Brooklyn Botanic Garden
Improvement Fund,” to which is credited a gift of $100,000, which has
been made to the Gi through Mr. Alfred T. White.

The specifications for general construction include all excavation, ma-
sonry, iron and steel, aa gene glazing, hardware, painting and electrical
work. The Departm of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity has ap-
proved the ee and plans for this electrical work. The Bureau
of Contract Supervision has suggested modification to the form of con-
tract and specifications so as to provide for compensation for extra work
on foundations in the event that unsuitable bottom is found at the depths
shown on plans. Other slight modifications have been suggested to render
the specifications more specific. These suggested modifications have been
agreed to by the architect and the Department of ae Borough of
Brooklyn. As amended, the specifications are satisfacto

The specifications for plumbing provide for the Re eitict of ee
supply for the building and the specifications for heating and ventilat
‘provide for electric motors and blowers for ventilating the but tding
These specifications have not the necessary approval of the Department
of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, but are satisfactory otherwise. The
estimates of cost have been checked by this Bureau and are reasonable.

It is desirable that approval of these specifications and plans be given
as soon as possible in order to permit the advertisement and award of the
contract in os the completion of the foundation work before freez-
ing weather se

ae ee adoption of the attached resolution approving the

amended form of contract and specifications, the plans and estimate of

cost for general construction and approving the form of contract specifi-

cations, plans and estimates of cost for heating and ventilating work and

plumbing work, subject to the approval of the specifications by the Depart-
ment of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity

Respectfully,
TILDEN ADAMSON,
Director.

104

The following resolution was offered:

Resolved, That the Board of Estimate and Apportionment,
pursuant to its resolution of July II, 1912, hereby approves the
form of contract and specifications as amended, the plans and
estimates of cost for the completion of the laboratory building
and greenhouses for the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Borough of
Brooklyn, under the jurisdiction of the Department of Parks,
Borough of Brooklyn, as follows:

General construction, estimated cost, one hundred and thirty-
six thousand dollars ($136,000).
Heating and ventilating work, estimated cost, twenty thou-
sand dollars ($20,000).
Plumbing work, estimated cost, fourteen thousand dollars
$14,000), subject to the approval of the specifications
for Heating and Ventilating Work and Plumbing Work
é by the Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity.
—the cost to be charged as follows:

One half to the corporate stock fund entitled “C:D.P. 200-M,
Department of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn, Improvement of
Botanic Garden,” and one half to the fund entitled “S. 566,
Suspense Account, Contribution for Brooklyn Botanic Garden
Improvement Fund”; provided that in the event that the aggre-
gate sum of the lowest bids received for the three items is
equal to or less than the aggregate sum of the three items herein
approved (although the amount of the lowest bid for one or more
items may exceed the amount approved for said item or items),
then the awards for the three items, provided all are awarded,
may be made without further approval by the Board of Estimate
and Apportionment, and provided further, that in the event that
the aggregate sum of the lowest bids received for the three items
exceeds the aggregate sum of the three items herein approved,
no award for any item shall be made and the amount of such
estimated cost upon the bids so received may be reconsidered in
its discretion by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, or
by any official designated by the Board, provided that any of the
bids is within the amount authorized and available for said work.

Which was adopted by the following vote:

Affirmative—The Mayor, the Comptroller, the Acting Presi-

105

dent of the Board of Aldermen, the Presidents of the Boroughs
of Manhattan, Brooklyn and The Bronx, the Acting President
of the Borough of Queens and the President of the Borough of
Richmond—16. (City Record 43: 7526. 5 October 1915.)

APPENDIX 10
BOARD OF ESTIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT

RESOLUTION APPROVING FORM OF CONTRACT FOR ARCHITECTS’
AND ENGINEERS’ SERVICES FOR COMPLETION OF BOTANIC
GARDEN Buripincs. (From Minutes of Meeting

of November 5, 1915.) |

Department of Parks, Borough of a ea of Con-
tract for Architectural Services (Cal. No. 19)

The Setetany presented a communication, dated August 26,
1915, from the Commissioner of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn,
requesting approval of form of contract for architectural services
at an estimated cost of $7,500; in connection with the completion
of laboratory building and greenhouses, Brooklyn Botanic
Gardens; and the following report of the Bureau of Contract
Supervision recommending approval thereof:

City or New York, Boarp oF EstimMATE AND APPORTIONMENT,
MounicipaL Bur_pinc, Bureau oF CoNTRACT SUPERVISION,
‘October 25, IQIS.
To THE Boarp oF EstIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT:

Gentlemen: On August 30, 1915, you referred to the Bureau of Con-
tract Supervision a communication, dated August 26, 1915, from the Park
Commissioner, Borough of Brooklyn, requesting approval of the form of
final contract for the services of Messrs. McKim, Mead and White, archi-
tects, for the completion of the Laboratory Building and greenhouses,
Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Borough of Brooklyn. The architect’s con-
tract for preliminary drawings, specifications and estimates of cost of
the building, allowing a fee of $2,800, or I per cent. of $280,000, the total
estimated cost of the building, was approved by the Comptroller of July
22, 1913. On November 20, 1913, the Board of Estimate and Apportion-
ment approved the architect’s final contract for the completion of the first
part of the building, the fee being fixed at 4 per cent. of the total cost of

106

the work plus an additional and cumulative compensation for reimburse-
ment to the architects for the expense of employing an engineering spe-
cialist of 2%4 per cent. of the total cost of the heating and ven tlgaae
work, plumbing, electrical and refrigerating work, power plants and appa
ratus, specially designed lighting fixtures, moveable and fixed eaeitncte
for which said specialist shall have been specifically employed, said archi-
test’s fees to aggregate not more than $2,500. On the same date the Board
of Estimate and Apportionment approved the architect’s final contract
for the second part of the building, the architect’s fees to aggregate not
more than $1,2

The final architect’s contract now submitted for approval is similar to
the final contracts previously approved, and provides for a fee of 4 per
cent., with additional compensation of 2% per cent. of the cost of heating

and ventilating work, plumbing, electrical and refrigerating work and
power eae The estimated cost of the architect’s contract is $7,500.
The cost is to be divided and charged to funds as follov

Five thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine fae and thirty-one
cents against “C.D.P. 200L, Department of Parks, Borough of Brook-
lyn and Queens, Construction and Equipment of a Laboratory Build-
ing and Greenhouses in the Botanic Garden and Arboretum.” The
appropriation of $100,000 for the fund was approved by resolutions
and modifying resolutions of the Board of Estimate and Apportion-
ment on June 3, 1910, July 17 and 27, 1911, and May 8, 1913, and by
the Mayor on July 19, 1910, August 30, 1911, and June 17, 1913. On
October 2, 1915, there remained an unencumbered balance of $5,789.31
in the fund.

Eight hundred and fifty-five dollars and thirty-five cents against
“C.D.P. 200M, Department of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn, Im-
pee of Botanic Garden.” The appropriation of $100,000 for

s fund was approved by the Board of Estimate and Apportionment
on Tne 18, aaa and by the Mayor on July 6, 1915. The fund is
unencumber

Eight hundred and fifty-five dollars and thirty-four cents against
the account “S-566, Suspense Account, Contribution for Brooklyn
Botanic Garden Improvement ue ye amount of this fund is
00,000, contributed by Alfred T. White. It is also unencumbered.
The form of contract is one regularly used by the City for architects’
services.
I recommend that the request be approved by the adoption of the
attached resolution.
Respectfully,
TitpeEN ADAMSON,
Director.
The following resolution was offered:

Resolved, That the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, pur-

107

suant to its resolution of July 11, 1912, hereby approves of the
form of final contract and the estimate of cost, in the sum of
seven thousand five hundred dollars ($7,500), for the services
of McKim, Mead and White as Architects, for the preparation
of complete plans and specifications and the supervision of the
completion of the proposed Laboratory Building and Greenhouses
in the Botanic Garden, Borough of Brooklyn, under the juris-
diction of the Department of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn, the
compensation to be at the rate of four per cent. (4 per cent.) of
the total cost of the work, plus an additional and cumulative com-
pensation for the reimbursement to the aforesaid architects for
the expense of employing an engineering specialist who shall be
approved by the Commissioner of Parks, two and one half per
cent. (214 per cent.) of the total cost of the heating and ventilat-
ing work, plumbing, electrical and refrigerating work, power
plants and power apparatus, the cost to be divided and charged
against the following funds: five thousand seven hundred and
eighty-nine dollars and thirty-one cents ($5,789.31), against
“C.D.P. 200L, Department of Parks, Boroughs of Brooklyn and
Queens, Construction and Equipment of a Laboratory Building
and Greenhouses in the Botanic Garden and Arboretum”; eight
hundred and fifty-five dollars and thirty-five cents ($855.35)
against “C.D.P. 200-M, Department of Parks, Borough of
Brooklyn, Improvement of Botanic Garden”; eight hundred and
fifty-five dollars and thirty-four cents ($855.34) against the ac-
count “S. 566—Suspense Account, Contribution for Brooklyn
Botanic Garden Improvement Fund.”

Which was adopted by the following vote:

A ffirmative—The Mayor, the Comptroller, the President of
the Board of Aldermen, the Presidents of the Boroughs of Man-
hattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx and Queens and the Acting Presi-
dent of the Borough of Richmond—io0. (City Record 43: 8645-
8646. .12 November, I9I15.)

108
APPENDIX 11
BOARD OF ESTIMATE AND APPORTIONMENT |

RESOLUTION PASSED DECEMBER 12, 1902, IN THE MATTER OF
ACQUIRING FOR THE City oF New Yorxk TITLE TO THE
LAND COMPRISING THE SouTH ADDITION TO THE
BrRooOKLYN Botanic GARDEN.*

(From Minutes of Meeting of December 12, 1902.)

Whereas, on July 22, 1902, the Board of Aldermen of the City
of New York, by a two-thirds vote of all the members elected
voting in favor thereof, passed the following resolutions :

Be it ordained by the Board of Aldermen of the City of New
York as follows :—

“That, in pursuance of the provisions of section 442 of the
Greater New York Charter, the following resolution of the Board
of Estimate and Apportionment, adopted by that Board on the
20 day of June, 1902, be and the same hereby is approved, viz:

“Resolved, That the Board of Estimate and Apportionment of
the City of New York, in pursuance of the provisions of section
442 of the Greater New York Charter, deeming it for the public
interest to alter the map or plan of the City of New York by locat-
ing and laying out an addition to Prospect Park, and closing and
discontinuing certain streets for the construction of an approach
to the Willink entrance to Prospect Park, in the Twenty-ninth
Ward, Borough of Brooklyn, City of New York, does hereby
favor and approve of the same so as to locate and lay out the
said approach as follows:

“1, Locating and laying out an addition to Prospect Park.

“ Beginning at the intersection of Flatbush Avenue and Mal-
bone Street, as the same are laid down on the map of the City:

“1, Thence northerly along the eastern line of Flatbush Avenue
for 477.28 feet, more or less, to the southern line of East Side
Lands;

*TInformation as to the acquisition of title by the City of other land
comprised in the garden was given in the Garden ReEcorp 2: 98-100.
July, 1913.

109

“2. Thence easterly along the southeasterly line of East Side
Lands for 763.55 feet, more or less, to the western line of Wash-
ington Avenue;

“3. Thence southerly for 1,050.79 feet, more or less, along the
. western line of Washington Avenue to the northern line of Mal-
bone Street.

“4. Thence westerly along the northern line of Malbone Street
for 341.82 feet to the point of beginning.

“11, Closing and discontinuing of Washington Place and a
street north of Washington Place, as the same are laid down,
between Washington Avenue and Flatbush Avenue.”

Resolved that the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, i
pursuance of section 970 of Chapter 455 of the Laws of 1901,
deem it for the public interest that title to the lands and premises
required for the locating and laying out of an addition to Prospect
Park, in the Borough of Brooklyn, in the City of New York,
should be acquired by the City of New York, the said land and
premises being bounded and described as follows:

_

1

“Parcel A.

“ Beginning at the intersection of the easterly line of Flatbush
Avenue with the northerly line of Malbone Street, as the same
are laid down on the map of the City, running thence northerly
along the easterly line of Flatbush Avenue four hundred seventy-
seven and twenty-eight one hundredths (477.28) feet, more or
less, to the line of the east side lands; thence easterly along the
east side lands seven hundred sixty-three and fifty-five one hun-
dredths (763.55) feet, more or less, to the westerly line of Wash-
ington Avenue, thence southerly along the westerly line of Wash-
ington Avenue five hundred sixty-nine and thirty-six one hun-
dredths (569.36) feet, more or less, to the northwesterly line of
the Brooklyn and Brighton Beach Railroad, thence southerly
along the northwesterly line of the Brooklyn and Brighton Beach
Railroad five hundred forty-five and thirty-six one hundredths
(546.36) feet, more or less, to the northerly line of Malbone
Street; and thence westerly along the northerly line of Malbone
Street one hundred and ten (110) feet, more or less, to the point
of beginning,

110

“Parcel B.

“Beginning at the intersection of the northerly line of Mal-
bone Street with the westerly line of Washington Avenue, as the
same are laid down on the map of the City; running thence
westerly along the northerly line of Malbone Street one hundred
sixty-three and eighty-three one hundredths (163.83) feet, more
or less to the southeasterly line of the Brooklyn and Brighton
Beach Railroad; thence northerly along the southeasterly line of
the Brooklyn and Brighton Beach Railroad three hundred eighty-
one and sixteen one hundredths (381.16) feet, more or less, to
the westerly line of Washington Avenue; and thence southerly
along the westerly line of Washington Avenue three hundred ten
and fifty-nine one hundredths (310.59) feet, more or less, to the
point of beginning.”

Resolved, That the Board of Estimate and Apportionment
hereby requests the Corporation Counsel to take the necessary
proceedings in the name of the City of New York to acquire title,
whenever the same has not been heretofore acquired, to the
lands, tenements and hereditaments, for the purpose of locating
and laying out said addition to Prospect Park.

Resolved, That the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, in
pursuance of the provisions of section 980 of chapter 466 of the
laws of 1901, hereby directs that the entire cost of the above
named proceeding be borne and paid by the City of New York.

A true copy of a resolution adopted by the Board of Estimate
and Apportionment, December 12, 1902.

(Signed) Josrpm Fac,
Secretary.

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MEMBERS OF THE

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191

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are cae except during August and September. sue rates: to mem

ber the Botanical i pociety of America, de 00 a yea ; to all others 5 $4.00 :

BOTANIC GARDEN

ECORD

JULY, 1916 ; ‘ een oe No. 3

os eee ‘ EDITED BY
Rar ae ees C. STUART GAGER

ad

CONTENTS

it

PAGE

Laying +t the Cornerstone See ictnee ae cae PRN ee era TT

Report of a Trip to Study and Collect | Rusts and Other Parasitic Winge of
Porto Rico Bae a a eh a : eee pees : nN at ha

Notes Ber cues oe oie ie Le oe ict elu 122

ie

ees PUBLISHED ‘QUARTERLY es,
AT 41 NORTH QUEEN ‘STREET At.
_ LANCASTER, PAL eee

BY THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS: AND: ‘SCIENCES

Pa.

BOTANIC GARDEN STAFF

Dr. C. STUART GAGER, Director
Mr. NORMAN TAYLOR, Curator of Piants
Dr EDGAR W. OLIVE, Curator of Public Instruction
Dr. O. E. WHITE, Curator of Piant Breeding
Miss ELLEN EDDY SHAW, Curator of Elementary Instruction
Miss BERTHA M. EVES, Secretary
Dr. LAURA E. WATSON BENEDICT, Librarian
Dr. ALFRED L, GUNDERSEN, Assistant Curator of the Herbarium
Miss JEAN A. CROSS, Assistant Curator of Elementary Instruction
Dr. WILLIAM MANSFIELD, Honorary Curator of Economic Plants
Mr. HAROLD A. CAPARN, Consulting Landscape Architect
Mr. MONTAGUE FREE, Head Gardener
Mr. FRANK STOLL, Laboratory Assistant
, Garden Aid
Mr. HERMAN KOLSH, Foreman

McKIM, MEAD & WHITE, Architects
OLMSTED BROS., Landscape Architects

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Fic. 7. Rock Garden, May 19, 1916. View facing northwest. Planting only just begun.

THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN

ie Cx |)

VoL. V July, 1916 No. 3

ENG THE CORNER: STONE

On Thursday, April 20, 1916, at 4:30 p. m. the corner stone of
the laboratory building was laid with simple formalities. The
president of The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Mr. A.
Augustus Healy, presided, the stone was laid by the chairman of
the Governing Committee of the Garden, Mr. Alfred T. White,
and brief remarks were made by the director of the Garden.
Members of the board of trustees and executive officers of the
Institute, officers of the Garden Teachers’ Association of the
Brooklyn Botanic Garden, and of the Boys’ Club and the Girls’
Club, and members of the Garden staff were present. The re-
marks of the three speakers, and a list of objects deposited in
the hermetically sealed copper box, placed within the stone, follow.

Remarks of President Healy

We are met this afternoon to witness the simple ceremony of
laying the corner stone of this building, now in course of erec-
tion, and which is to be devoted to instruction in Botany. We
may, in our thought, enlarge the significance of the act about to
be performed and consider it as the laying of the corner stone
of the group of related buildings within which all of the indoor
work of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden is to be done, whether it
be of scientific instruction, of original research, or the growth
and propagation of plants. In this aspect, certainly, the event is
worthy of celebration, for with a proper equipment of suitable

111

—

112

and convenient buildings, our Botanic Garden, which has already
displayed the vigor and strength of youth, will be able vastly to
enlarge its usefulness and in some adequate measure to impart
to our people, young and old, the knowledge of trees and plants,
fruits and flowers, in their myriad forms of beauty, which is no-
where else in this great borough to be obtained. Here the in-
finite book of nature will be opened to our citizens so that they
can learn something of the fascinating and wonderful contents
which it has to reveal.

The land upon which this Botanic Garden is located was set
apart for the purpose, by enactment of the legislature, nearly
twenty years ago, but it was not until 1910 that the Garden was
actually established. It is but just to say, and it ought to be said
upon this occasion, that more than to any one else and more than
to all others combined we owe the Botanic Garden to Alfred T.
White, who is and who has been from the beginning the chair-
man of the Committee on Botanic Garc

=o

en. He has realized and
felt more deeply than any of us the great advantage to the com-
munity of such an institution as this. It is to his initiative, to his
wise and intelligent direction of its affairs, to his frequent large
donations of money—at present sharing equally with the city the
cost of the buildings now under construction—that we owe our
Botanic Garden as we have it to-day in successful operation with
its possibilities of far greater development lying immediately be-
fore us. How Mr. White has been able to do all this, while at
the same time giving continuously of himself and his means with
great liberality to many other institutions and causes of charity

philanthropy, it is difficult to understand. But the Botanic
Garden is an accomplished fact—thanks to him—and here it will
remain, a blessing to us anc

fata

to generations yet unborn.

One thing more. The success which the Botanic Garden has
already attained has been due in very large measure to the abil-
ity, the zeal, and the high order of the service of Dr. C. Stuart
Gager, its efficient director, and his excellent assistants. The
organization and direction of the scientific work of the Garden
has from its inception been in the hands of Dr. Gager, and it is
fortunate for the public that work of this character is able to in-
spire in men of science like him a noble enthusiasm and an in-

113

intellectual activity which enables us to obtain from them, as a
abor of love, a kind of service of far greater value than money
can buy.

We shall now proceed to the ceremony of laying the corner
stone which has been generously donated by the contractors of
the building, Messrs. Frymier and Hanna, whose interest in the
building, as thus evidenced, goes beyond mere business considera-
tions and has regard to the important purposes to which it is to
be dedicated. Our thanks are due to them for the generous
thought and appreciation of the work of the Garden which has in-
spired this gift.

We have invited Mr. Alfred T. White, chairman of the Botanic
Garden Governing Committee of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts
and Sciences, to lay the corner stone of the building. No one
else so fittingly as he, for reasons to which I have referred, could
perform this solemn act.

Remarks of Mr. Alfred T. White

The land occupied by the Brooklyn Botanic Garden was for the
most part acquired by the old city of Brooklyn at the same time
that the first lands were acquired for Prospect Park, more than
fifty years ago,* but the ground remained unvisited by the pub-
lic until leased to the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences
December 28, 1909, for the purpose of establishing the Brooklyn
Botanic Garden. In the minds of those most interested in fur-
thering this project the prominent purposes were to bring into
public use and enjoyment a long neglected and valuable piece of
the city’s property by creating a botanic garden which should be
at once beautiful and instructive, attractive to the general public
and especially educational to childern, and stimulating a love of
nature in all.

Today we are laying the corner stone of the Instruction Build-
ing, in which the indoor classes will be taught by lectures and
demonstrations, supplemented by study in the plant houses and
in the open garden. The southerly section of this building, to-
gether with the palmhouse and one of the planthouses, was com-

* Construction work on Prospect Park was begun on July 1, 1866, and
the Park was first thrown open to the public in October, 1867.

114

pleted in December, 1913. ‘The architects of the building are
Messrs. McKim, Mead & White. The general contractors for
the completion of this building and the remainder of the plant-
houses are Frymier & Hanna. The entire cost of the completed
instruction building and the four planthouses, palmhouse and
one propagating house, including the work already done and the
work remaining to complete, will not be very far from $270,000.
From the demands already made upon the staff of instructors by
the teachers and children, especially those of the public schools
of Brooklyn, it seems probable that the entire building will be oc-
cupied and taxed to the limit of its capacity as soon as completed.
That this crowning success may be confidently expected is due in
largest measure to the untiring efforts of Dr. C. Stuart Gager, the
director of the Garden since its beginning, and to the exception-
ally efficient staff which he has gathered around him, among whom
I should like to mention especially Mr. Norman Taylor, curator
of plants, Dr. Edgar W. Olive, curator of public instruction, Dr.
O. E. White, curator of plant breeding, Miss Ellen Eddy Shaw,
curator of elementary instruction, Miss Bertha M. Eves, secre-
tary, and Dr. Laura E. Watson Benedict, librarian.

Remarks of Director Gager

The idea of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden was first proposed
by the late director of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences,
Professor Franklin W. Hooper, who was instrumental in secur-
ing the passage of the necessary law by the State Legislature, at
Albany, in 1897, authorizing the city, under the direction of its
park commissioner, to establish the Garden. ‘

The suggestion that the Garden should be administered by the
Institute, as an integral part of its organization, was made nearly
ten years later by the present chairman of the Governing Com-
mittee of the Garden, who was not aware of the legislation al-
ready enacted.

Having been the parent of the Garden, as now organized,
Mr. White has assumed all the responsibility and cares of a

* The bill was introduced into the Legislature by the Hon. George W.
Brush, M.D., member of the board of trustees of the Brooklyn Institute
of Arts and Sciences.

115

mother, as well as the joys of a father. As President Healy
has just said, whatever of progress and successful accomplish-
ment the Garden may have made, during the six brief years of its
childhood, is due in largest measure to the generous support of
Mr. White and his two sisters; and to his personal thought and
attention, and sympathetic interest in every phase of its work;
but for their timely and generous gift we should not be able to
lay the corner stone of this sorely needed building in the year
1916, nor for an indefinite period thereafter.

The guiding ideal of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden is tersely
expressed in the sentiment placed upon the small gate signs at
each of our entrances: “For the advancement of botany and the
service of the city.”

From the beginning until now an earnest endeavor has been
made to promote the activities of the Garden in both of these
directions, but with a special care to making the institution as
useful as possible to its local constituency.

A botanic garden is of value to its city by the mere fact of
being a garden—a spot of beauty, and an additional bit of nature
in the midst of the artificial and the less attractive aspects of
city life. By diffusing popular education, by cooperating with
the public and private schools, by cooperating with the Depart-
ment of Parks in the care of trees and shrubs, in offering formal
instruction in pure and applied science, in advancing our knowl-
edge and love of plants, a botanic garden may not only make it-
self useful, but may supply a need which not only ought to be
felt by every city, but which every body of intelligent and pro-
gressive citizens will feel; for a botanic garden ministers to fun-
damental needs which cannot be met by any other kind of an in-
stitution. 7

But, even though supported in part by public taxation, such an
institution ought not to be local in its interests nor its influence.
A botanic garden like this ought not only to supply local needs
in ways suggested above, but ought also to be an important fac-
tor in the botanical world as a whole. In fact it ought to be
part of the pride and glory of the city that its botanic garden
commands a favorable recognition that is world wide.

What are Kew Gardens in London, the Jardin des Plantes in

116

Paris, the Royal Botanic Gardens in Berlin, the Imperial Botanic
Gardens in Tokyo, the Missouri Botanical Garden at St. Louis,
and our sister institution in the Bronx, to their respective cities
because of their world wide fame as centers for the advancement
of science and learning!

It is fitting, then, to fhe in mind, on this most delightful occa-
sion, the whole purpose of the Garden. With adequate support,
in sympathy and in funds, this botanic garden may not only be-
come a source of pleasure and recreation and instruction to the
citizens of Brooklyn, but should, in due time, take its place as
one of the foremost scientific institutions of the world. To the
accomplishment of this entire purpose may these grounds, and
the Garden staff, and this beautiful building-to-be be devoted.

List of Objects Deposited in the Corner Stone of the Laboratory
Building, April 20, 1916

Envelope No.

1. Copies of remarks made at the corner-stone exercises by the presi-
dent of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Mr. A
Augustus Healy, presiding; the chairman of the Governing Com
mittee of the Botanic Garden, Mr. red T. White; and the
director of the Botanic Garden, Dr. C. Stuart Gager.

2, Brooktyn Botanic GARDEN Recorp—complete set from Vol. I, No.
Toto .V Ol VW. None: sie the first to fifth annual reports of
the Botanic Garden (1911I-

Brooklyn Botanic Garden eee ee issues,

4. Brooklyn Botanic Garden Contributions—various numbers; certifi-
cates; diplomas; miscellaneous printed matter

. Invitations to membership in the Garden; reply card; invitation to
spring opening, 1915

6. Illustr a beg of the Garden; circular to Parents and Friends
oO ; Torreva for January, 1916.

. American aie of Botany, Vol. I, No. 1; Prospectus, January,
1914; circular, January, 1916; agreement Be 1914 between the Bo-
tanical Society of America and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden
concerning the Journal of Botany.

. Memoranda of conversations concerning the movement to establish
a Brooklyn Botanic Garden; photographs showing excavation for
the building, and children’s gardens on the site of the building,
1915; souvenir postcards of the Japanese Garden; blank forms
in use in connection with the children’s work; BESOgA Botanic
Garden Boys’ Club, Officers, 1916; Brooklyn Botanic Garden
Girls’ Club, Officers, 1916; membership buttons and exhibitor’s

&

on

NI

ee)

117

button issued to children; Garden Teachers’ Association of the
Brooklyn Botanic Garden, officers and members, 1916; booklet of
information; diagram showing the location of the Garden in the
city; card of invitation to the first tree planting; book plates;
Botanic Garden letter-heads ; autograph of Mr. Alfred T. White;
copy of monthly report of the director of the Garden to the trus-
tees of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences for March,
1916; folder giving itinerary for trip through the Garden at the
reception to the Japan Society, May 21, 1913; miscellaneous printed
matter
Samples of me blank forms in use from the beginning of the
Garden to 1
10. Samples of aa labels in use, 1916.
Ir. One copy of the Twenty-fifth ae Book of the Brooklyn Institute
of Arts and Sciences, 1912-1913 (the last issue to date).
12. Copy of the Brooklyn Daily Bagle of April 20, 1916; copy of the
Standard-Unton, April 20, 1916

ee.

REPORI ON AwRIP TO SDUDY AND COLEBGIARUSTS
AND OTHER PARASITIC FUNGI OF PORTO RICO

The writer sailed on February 19, 1916, on the New York and
Porto Rico liner Carolina, in company with Professor H. H.
Whetzel, of the college of agriculture of Cornell University, to
spend two months or more in collecting and studying the fungi
of Porto Rico. I am indebted to three sources for funds for
this purpose; and I wish here to record my sincere thanks for
such assistance, in particular, to Dr. N. L. Britton, director of
the New York Botanical Garden, to the committee in charge of
grants of the New York Academy of Sciences, as well as to the
authorities of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.

Landing on the afternoon of February 23 at San Juan, we spent
two days in presenting credentials to certain influential men and
in making a general survey of the situation relative to the preva-
lence of fungous diseases in the vicinity. On the 25th, we went
on by train to Barceloneta, on the north shore, in the heart of
the grape-fruit and pineapple plantations of the Island. Many
Americans have settled in this district, from San Juan to Arecibo,
and have gone largely into the business of fruit growing. We

118

found them particularly concerned over the increasing preva-
lence of the “lemon scab” disease, which they regard as a serious
menace to the grape-fruit industry. Spraying with Bordeaux
mixture helps to control the disease, but this method presents
many difficulties. The water-haul in some instances is very
long, and extremely slow with ox teams, so that the time con-
sumed and expense involved makes adequate spraying prohibitive.
During the dry season, when cisterns run low, it is in fact next
to impossible to secure sufficient water for this purpose. Profes-
sor Whetzel therefore suggested a try-out with the dry dusting
devices which have proved so economical of time and otherwise
successful in the control of apple diseases in New York State.*

Arrangements were concluded whereby Mr. Langley, our host at
Barceloneta, should secure a hand dusting machine and should
cooperate in an experiment to try the efficiency of dry sulphur
and other materials in the control of their fungous diseases.
This was later, on our return in April, tried out on a small scale,
on both nursery stock and large grape-fruit trees, and some pre-
liminary reports from Mr. Langley seem to indicate the com-
plete success of the experiment.

On February 26, we went on further by train to Mayaguez, on
the southwest corner of the Island, where we proposed making
headquarters for some weeks. Here are located the Federat
Agricultural Experiment Station and the Agricultural College.
To members of the staff of both these institutions, we are under
great obligations for many courtesies; everyone, in fact, with
whom we came in contact took much interest in our work and
contributed in various ways to its success. In particular, to

ean Garwood and Profesor Hunn, of the College, as well as to
Director May, Mr. Brandes, and others of the Experiment Sta-
tion, I wish to express our hearty appreciation of many favors.

We found the general environment at Mayagiiez extremely
favorable for our work; our living arrangements with a small
group of college and high-school teachers being more than merely
satisfactory, and the climatic and other conditions being almost
ideal for the growth of parasitic fungi. We found in fact over

* See Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bulls. 340, 354, 369; Circ. 32, Ex-
tension Bull. 1

119

nearly the whole Island conditions prevailing which favored the
development of rusts and other parasitic fungi: heavy dews which
completely covered leaf surfaces with a solid film of moisture,
cool nights and hot days. Fortunately for us, we largely missed
the rainy season on this part of the Island, so that during the
month and more which we spent in and about Mayagtiez, we
were deterred only a few times by rain.

Making Mayagitez headquarters, we made rich collections in
the vicinity and surrounding districts, including the mountainous
region around Maricao, north to Anasco, and south to the south-
east corner of the Island, around Boqueron, Guanica, Yauco and
San German. Returning to the north shore on April 5, we spent
several days again in Barceloneta, testing the effects of sulphur
and other dust mixtures, as mentioned above, on certain plant
diseases, and collecting in the vicinity. We then made head-
quarters for the remainder of our stay of two weeks and a halt
in an American boarding house at Martin Pefia, a suburb of San
Juan. Here we had at hand the facilities so freely tendered us
at the insular Exeriment Station at Rio Piedras, and to Director
Tower and Mr. J. A. Stevenson, plant pathologist of the station,
we are under especial obligations. Our trips from this locality
included excursions to El Yunque, the high mountain on the
eastern end of the island, to Naguabo and the near-by mountains,
to Manati and other points in the grape-fruit district, and, finally
a hasty trip to points near the middle of the Island and to Coamo
on the south slope.

It will thus be seen that in the comparatively short time at our
disposal, we almost circumnavigated the island which is, roughly,
about 100 miles long by about 40 miles wide, ascending from the
coastal plain into the interior at about five points. We were thus
able fully to appreciate the wonderful diversity in vegetation, due
perhaps largely to the great differences in rainfall, which ranges
from 123 inches annually near El Yunque at the east end, to
practically desert conditions at many points on the south and
southwest. This remarkable diversity of host plants was nat-
urally accompanied by great diversity of fungous parasites.
While it is true that quite a goodly number of parasitic fungi
were found to be very generally distributed over the island, a

120

much larger number, on the other hand, seemed to be localized
to a remarkable degree. In order to find a second time a certain
species of fungus, we might have to return, for instance, to one
spot on the island.

During practically the whole of our sojourn, we had the ser-
vices of a young graduate of the Agricultural College at Maya-
guez, Mr. I. Oliver, who rendered us indispensable service as in-
terpreter, guide, and general assistant. Both in Mayagtiez and
in Martin Pefia, we fitted up a laboratory for pressing our speci-
mens and for preliminary study with the compound microscope.
We examined critically with the microscope nearly every collec-
tion, only those in good condition being retained. Of the total
of 700 numbers of parasitic fungi collected altogether, about 500
were rust fungi. Professor Arthur, the eminent rust specialist,
who came to New York for a preliminary examination of our col-
lections, has pronounced several of these undoubtedly new to
science. Of the 200 or so other sorts of fungi collected, the great
majority are members of the Ascomycetes, or sac-fungi, a group
in which Professor Whetzel takes special interest. We also
brought back many bottles of material designed for further
microscopic examination, which will require prolonged studies
finally to solve the various scientific problems connected with
them.

Such a trip as this has proved exceedingly stimulating. It fur-
nished for us both our first sight of the tropics. Barring a couple
of cases of very disagreeable poisoning by a plant, Comocladia,
which belongs to the same family to which our poison ivy belongs,
and some digestive troubles induced, in all probability, by bad
drinking water or poor food, we kept in splendid physical condi-
tion for the strenuous work. Again and again we proved the
wisdom of scientific men working thus in groups, for besides
thus being able to cover much more ground, we found that our
knowledge of forms often needed to be supplemented by points
which the other member of the party had to offer. Our work
would have been still further simplified if a specialist in flower-
ing plants had been along.

After our return to New York on the steamer Brazos, on May
I, we spent ten days or so at the herbarium of the New York

Fre, 8. Laboratory building, May 109, 1916. View facing northwest from Washington Avenue.

122

Botanical Garden, numbering and naming our collections. In
the difficult work of naming the host plants we depended largely
on the wide knowledge of West Indian plants possessed by Mr.
Percy Wilson, of the New York Botanical Garden. Director
Britton and Dr. Small, also of the staff of the New York Botan-
ical Garden, assisted us materially in such determinations. Our
grass hosts were sent for determination to Professor A. 5. Hitch-
cock, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the Smuts to Dr.
Clinton of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, and
the Rusts to Professor Arthur, of Purdue University. After the
final determination of fungi and host plants, it would be desirable,
if possible, to prepare sets for distribution, as well as for incor-
poration in our own and other cryptogamic herbaria.

Time only will enable us thoroughly to appreciate the scientific
value of such a trip, aside from its general stimulating influence.
It may be here pointed out, however, that in addition to discov-
ering a number of forms new to science, we have by germination
studies made clearer the life histories of quite a number of others,
particularly among the rust fungi. It is planned to publish some
of these results in the near future. Various other important
biological problems have been given impetus, as, for example,
the economic problem as to whether dusting with finely pow-
dered fungicides and insecticides will be more efficient and more
economical than spraying, in the control of certain plant dis-
eases.

Epcar W. OLive,
Curator of Public Instruction.

NOTES

Spring Inspection—The second annual spring inspection of
the Garden by trustees, members, and invited guests was held on
Tuesday, May 9, from 3:30 until 5 o’clock. Guests assembled
at the laboratory building and passed in groups of thirty or forty
through the plant houses, thence viewing, in order, the new sec-
tions of the building and plant houses under construction, the
experimental plot and new site of the children’s gardens, the

123

systematic section and the newly constructed but only partially
planted rock garden. North of the rock garden a white oak
tree was planted by the chairman of the Governing Committee
of the Garden in the “white oak circle.’ Thence the guests
passed to the southern end of the esplanade (in lawn for the
first spring, this year), and past the 36 tulip beds, containing
6,000 bulbs of 30 varieties of tulips, and 8 of narcissus. One half
of these bulbs were from Holland, the other half were grown at
Bellingham, state of Washington, by the United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture. After passing through the wild flower gar-
den, a patise was made at the plateau to the north where a black
oak (Quercus velutina) was planted by the president of the
Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. The newly laid out
lilac triangle, containing 135 species and varieties of lilacs, was
then inspected, and finally the Japanese garden, where new plant-
ing, new paths, and other improvements were made this spring.
The flowering cherries were in full bloom, and the day was clear,
though windy. During the inspection of the grounds, boy scouts
in uniform preceded the guests with the city flag.

Research Appointments ——On April 3, 1916, the governing com-
mittee of the Garden authorized the appointment of Dr. Ralph
Curtis Benedict as resident investigator. Dr. Benedict is at
present making a study of the varieties of the Boston fern
(Nephrolepis) from the standpoint of experimental evolution
and plant breeding. This study promises to yield information
of both scientific and economic importance concerning heredity
and variation in general, and in the Boston fern in particular. As
a result of the work our collections of living plants has been
enriched by over 75 varieties of Nephrolepis, forming one of the
largest collections of this fern ever assembled. It is hoped that
this may prove to be only the first of a series of similar appoint-
ments.

Dr. W. H. Rankin, who, on November 24, 1915, was appointed
research fellow for the purpose of investigating the diseases of
trees and shrubs in the Garden and in Prospect Park during the
summers of 1916 and 1917, has been obliged to resign his ap-
pointment on account of a change in his duties as assistant pro-

124

fessor in the New York State College of Agriculture, at Cornell
University.

Prof. George M. Reed, of the University of Missouri, who was
appointed in place of Prof. Rankin, entered upon his duties on
June 15. Several serious tree diseases have already been found

to have gained considerable headway in both the Garden and
the Park.

jan

Gift of Specimens.—On Tuesday, February 1, Dr. E. B. South-
wick, entomologist of Central Park for over thirty years, retired
from office. Dr. Southwick has been an inveterate collector of
specimens, botanical as well as entomological, and having known
the director of the Garden for over ten years, he most generously
offered to present to the Garden his entire botanical collections.
They were transferred to Brooklyn during the last three days of
January and are now stored, partly in our building and partly
(through the courtesy of Director Fox), in the unfinished sec-
tion of the Museum building. The collections include specimens
showing the structure of wood, insect and fungous ravages of
trees and shrubs, specimens of seeds having commercial use, a
collection of drug plants, and a herbarium estimated to comprise
about 30,000 specimens. This is the largest gift of scientific ma-
terial that the Garden has received since the gift of the Annie
Morrill Smith library and herbarium of mosses.

Children’s Building—Plans and specifications for the Chil-
dren’s Building, to be located on the children’s garden plot, were
transmitted to the Park Commissioner by the architects on March
7, and approved by the Board of Estimate, with authorization
of $6.550 of corporate stock, on April 7. The bids were opened
on June 3, and the contract was awarded to Finnan and Lee, the
lowest bidders. The amount of the bid was $5,220.

os

Children’s Gardens—On Saturday, May 13, the children’s
gardens were opened for the first time on their new site at the
southern end of the grounds, along the Brighton Beach cut. The
children took possession of the plot after marching from the
laboratory building behind the city flag. One hundred and sixty-
eight individual beds, each 8 & 10 feet, have been assigned for

the spring crops, and, in addition to these, twenty children are
cultivating two large community lots. In addition to the regular
class work, there are 15 older boys who are raising special crops,
such as corn, tomatoes, and salad plants, for special study of dif-
ferent varieties of a garden vegetable. This work, if satisfactor-
ily done, leads to a silver Botanic Garden pin.

The Brooklyn Botanic Garden Boys’ Club was organized April

15. One hundred and twenty-five boys were enrolled as charter
members. All the boys had taken one or more courses at the
Garden. The plan for this club does not encourage frequent
meetings ; but rather is one to interest the boys in the work so
that as years go on a large body of Brooklyn youths shall be in-
telligent about the Botanic Garden of their city. The director
of the Garden was chosen honorary president. The chief officers
were elected from a group of lads who are working for their
silver buttons; the minor officers were chosen from boys who
have secured or who are working for bronze buttons—all boys
wearing the celluloid buttons of the Garden have voting privi-
eges.

These buttons represent different stages in the work each boy
is doing. The celluloid button is given to every boy who works
at all with us; that is, as soon as a boy joins a class he receives
a button. The bronze button is won after three courses are cov-
ered, while the silver button is the result of having accomplished
a special piece of work which shall extend over at least six months
of time. Several boys are now ready for their silver buttons,
having made-a rather comprehensive study of common trees,
shrubs, and weeds. The club meets four times a year and is
purely to advance the interest in the boys’ work at the Brooklyn
Botanic Garden.

The Brooklyn Botanic Garden Girls’ Club, similar in object to
the Boys’ Club, was formed April 22. There were one hundred
girls in the first enrollment. These clubs are both under the
council of the department of elementary education of the Garden
because, although many of the boys and girls are now high-school
students, they start work at the Garden during their elementary
school life.

126

A small group of girls is meeting weekly for silver button
work. These girls are working on the life history of garden
plants, and each girl is writing a book which takes up, chapter
by chapter, the life story of a plant. This work is continuing
into the outdoor summer garden where the soil, the planting of
seeds, and plant friends and foes will enter into the study.

The chief officers of the Girls’ Club were chosen this year by
the councillors, and represent pupils from public schools 9, 152,
148, 36, and 98. The other officers were chosen by the club
members.

Experiment with Holland Bulbs -—On May 15, Mr. Peter Bis-
set, acting agricultural explorer in charge, division of Foreign
Seed and Plant Introduction, of the Bureau of Plant Industry,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, called at the Garden to inspect
the results of a cooperative experiment with tulips and narcissus,
initiated last year between the Garden and the Department of
Agriculture. About 3,000 bulbs of different varieties of early
and late May flowering and of Darwin tulips, grown at Belling-
ham, state of Washington, were planted in one half of each of
36 beds, and the same number of bulbs of the same variety in
the other half of the bed, in order that the plants might develop
under as nearly identical conditions as possible. The tulips pre-
sented a beautiful sight when in flower throughout practically the
entire month of May. A full report on the results will be re-
served until the termination of the tests, which may be repeated
in IQI6-17.

Penny Packets of Seeds——The Department of Public Instruc-
tion of the Botanic Garden has distributed approximately I1I,000
penny packets of seeds to children this spring. This is an in-
crease of about 25,000 over the number distributed last year, and
an increase of over 86,000 over the number distributed two years
ago when this distribution was inaugurated.

On Saturday, May 13, the Art Alumni Association of Pratt
Institute met in the Japanese garden for the purpose of sketching.
About twenty were present.

The construction of the rock garden, anticipation of which was
mentioned in the annual report of the Garden for 1915, was be-

Ue.) ieee

IL PArl

gun on Monday, April 10, and the rock work completed on Sat-
urday, May 6. The contractor for the rock work, executed
under the supervision of our head gardener, Mr. Free, was Mr.
Thomas F. Guidera. Preliminary planting was done during the
first two weeks of

On Tuesday afternoon, March 7, the curator of elementary
instruction, Miss Shaw, spoke at the School of Horticulture for
Women, Ambler, Pa., on the subject of magazine writing in the
field of horticulture.

The Florists Exchange for May 6, 1916 (p. 1140), contained
a very appreciative article entitled “ Brooklyn Botanic Garden:
Notable Developments.” Special mention was made of the
spring planting for 1916, of the Japanese garden, and of the new
rock garden, as well as of the wild flowers in bloom in the
Garden in early May.

Seven boys who have received training at the Garden in the
care of plants and lawns, have been placed in positions for the
present summer. More requests for boys adequately prepared
for such work have been received at the Garden than could be
supplied. The preparation of boys for such work is one of the
numerous opportunities offered to the young people of Brooklyn
by our department of public instruction.

The National Educators Conservation Society, with headquar-
ters in the Barclay Building, 299 Broadway, was organized on
January 15, 1916, at the Hotel Belmont, New York. The follow-
ing “creed” was adopted: “Our American Institutions are man-
made; our natural resources are God-given; the perpetuation of
the former depends upon the conservation of the latter.” The
stated object of the society is: ““To promote the active protec-
tion and increase of wild life and forests through the professional
educators of America.” The originator and chief promoter of
this organization is Mr. Nomer Gray, who was elected secretary
at the first meeting. Prof. Charles L. Bristol, of New York
University, was elected president, Dr. William T. Hornaday, di-
rector of the New York Zoological Park, chief counselor, and
the director of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden one of twelve di-
rectors,

128

The village improvement society of Woodstock, Vt., has es-
tablished at that place a botanical garden in the center of the
village. The population of Woodstock is only about 1,700. One
of the purposes of the garden is to call attention to the value of
the native trees, shrubs, and herbs for decorative and other pur-
poses. This is a most commendable movement. The establish-
ment of botanic gardens for the purpose of fostering a knowl-
edge and love of native plants, and as an adjunct to the nature
study and botanical instruction in the public schools, should be-
come general throughout the United States.

The Mothers’ Club of P. S. 134 held a meeting at the Garden
on May 10, visiting the conservatories and plantations.

The Brooklyn Art Guild spent the mornings of May 16 and
25, and June t sketching in the Japanese garden.

On Saturday, May 27, the New York Section of the National
Nature Study Association met at the Garden at 10:30 a. m. for
an outdoor lesson on common trees, conducted by Dr. Gundersen.

The Gardeners’ Chronicle of America, for May, 1916, contains
a reprint of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden Leaflet, Series III, No.
3, on “ Plants for Hanging Baskets,” by Mr. Montague Free.

About seventy-five delegates to the Biennial Convention of the
General Federation of Women’s Clubs (in session in New York
City, May 24-June I, 1916) were the guests of the Brooklyn
Museum and the Botanic Garden on the afternoon of June 1.

On May 26 Miss Lula Conover was appointed assistant secre-
tary of the Garden, beginning on June 1, in place of Miss Eliza-
beth Seaman, resigned. Miss Conover was in charge of the com-
mercial department of the Albemarle Normal and Industrial In-
stitute, Albemarle, N. C., from 1913 to 1915, acting also as secre-
tary and treasurer. During 1915-16 she was principal of the
school. Previous to this Miss Conover was for five years office
assistant to the state engineer, Salem, Oregon,

On April 28 the Mothers’ Club of P. S. 41 presented the
Garden with $5.00 for the Children’s Work of the Garden. This

129

is the first gift of money received for this work. Two weeks
later (May 26) the Parents’ Club of Emmanuel House also
contributed $5.00 for the same purpose. Such gifts are doubly
valued by the Botanic Garden because of the interest and con-
fidence in our work, of which they are substantial evidence.

On Saturday, April 20, the first section of the new zoological
building, in Prospect Park, was opened with formal exercises.
The funds for the ercetion of this building were raised by private
subscription. Brief addresses were made by the Park Commis-
sioner, Hon. Raymond V. Ingersoll, Hon. Geo. V. Brower (park
commissioner when the first animal was acquired for a “zoo” in
Prospect Park in 1885), Mr. Herbert F. Gunnison, of the Brook-
lyn Eagle, Mrs. John J. Schoonhoven, representing women’s
clubs, and the director of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Mr.
Albert F’. Pratt, president of the Brooklyn Zoological Association,
presided.

At a meeting of the Woman’s Farm and Garden Association
(formerly the Women’s Horticultural and pee Associa-
tion) on June 8, 1916, Miss Ellen Eddy Shaw, of the Garden
staff was appointed chairman of a committee on children’s
gardens. At the annual meeting in Boston, May 18, 1916, Miss
Shaw was also elected a member of the council. Miss Cross, also
of the Garden staff, is recording secretary of the Association.

The Florists’ Exchange for May 6, 1916, contained a very ap-
preciative article entitled, “‘ Brooklyn Botanic Garden: Notable
Developments.” Special mention was made of the spring plant-
ing for 1916, of the Japanese garden, and of the new rock garden,
as well as of the wild flowers in bloom in the Garden in early
May.

Dr. Louis Otto Kunkel, who has spent the past eight months
in travel and botanical investigations in Sweden, Norway, Ger-
many, and Switzerland on the Cutting travelling fellowship, of
Columbia University, is spending the summer at the Garden as
resident investigator, giving special attention to the life history
of Plasmodiophora on cabbage and other crucifers, and to the
powdery scab (Spongospora) on potato. While abroad Dr.

130

Kunkel was five weeks in Stockholm, one week at Christiania, five
months at Freiberg, ten days at Berne, one week in Holland,
three weeks in Berlin, and also visited Munich, Nuremberg, Tub-
ingen, Darestadt, and Heidelberg, sailing from Copenhagci on
June 8, on the “ Peace ship,” Oskar IT.

A third edition of the booklet of “ Information Concerning the
Brooklyn Botanic Garden” has been issued. Copies may be had
on application to the Secretary.

During the latter part of June work was resumed on the con-
tract for the completion of the laboratory building and_ plant
houses, after a delay of about one month, occasioned chiefly by
labor difficulties.

On June 10 the Garden received from Mrs, Clarence R. Hyde,
Brooklyn, a gift of 81 books on botany and gardening. Several
of the books contain autograph letters from the authors to Mrs.
Hyde’s mother, Alice Morse Earle. Among the older books
were a copy of Parkinson’s Paradisi in Sole Paradisus Terrestris,
London, 1629; and Bigelow’s Florula Bostoniensis, 2nd Ed.,
Boston, 1824.

The second banana plant grown in our economic house is now
forming a large bunch of fruit, which will doubtless be ripe by
late October or early November.

‘ae: ae

ISTUS HEALY
t—GEORGE D. PRATT

HERMAN STUTZER

BROOKLYN |
BOTANIC GARDEN

RECORD

: Vou, V uP

OCTOBER, 1916.

i Notes:

No. 4
EDITED BY
C. STUART GAGER
FOR THE ante
ADVANCEMENT SERVICE OF
OP BOTANY “THE CITY
CON TEN TS
PAGE
List of Current Periodicals on File in the Library, August Ty TOLO wo fee Rehan be
What the Winter of 1916 Did to the Garden Evergreen Collections ......... 140
The Collection of Nephrolepis Varieties at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden .... 143
- Third Annual Children’s Garden HEME Se yee ee ose eae at AB
ieee sige ceny sick Ory ake Re crassa nne alae
PUBLISHED QUARTERLY
AT 41 NORTH QUEEN STREET
LANCASTER, PA.
BY THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
OE ae d-cla ‘ “py Pore i Post-offi EL: , Pa.,
“under Act of August 24, 1912. :

BOTANIC GARDEN STAFF

Dr. C. STUART GAGER, Director
Mr. NORMAN TAYLOR, Curator of Planis
Dr EDGAR W, OLIVE, Curator of Public Instruction
Dr. O. E. WHITE, Curator of Plant Breeding
Miss ELLEN EDDY SHAW, Curator of Elementary Instruction
: Miss BERTHA M. EVES, Secretary
MISS RAY SIMPSON, Librarian
Dr. ALFRED GUNDERSEN, Assistant Curator of the Herbarium
Miss JEAN A. CROSS, Assistant Curator of Elementary Instruction
Dr. WILLIAM MANSFIELD, Honorary Curator of Economic Plants
Mr. HAROLD A. CAPARN, Consulting Landscape Architect
Mr. MONTAGUE FREE, Head Gardener
Mr. FRANK STOLL, Laboratory Assistant
Mr, LOUIS BUHLE, Photographer
, Garden Aid

Mr. HERMAN KOLSH, Foreman

McKIM, MEAD & WHITE, Architects
OLMSTED BROS., Landscape Architects

By ne) OG aN
BOMRAINT CG AR DEN

RECORD

EDITED BY

C. STUART GAGER

FOR THE
ADVANCEMENT
OF BOTANY

VOLUME V
1916

PUBLISHED QUARTERLY
AT 4I NORTH QUEEN STREET
J A.

CASTE

N

BY THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

PRESS OF
THE NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY
LANCASTER, PA.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

No. 1, JANUARY

Prospectus of Courses Offered by the Brooklyn Botanic Garden,

PAGE

I
Colonel Woodward-and the Garden ...............,..5.) ee) 12
Guadiation: of Garden Teachers: ...........,.u.¢..2. 5 ee 15
Doctorates in Botany Conferred by American Universities in IQIS I5
Sag che ce ma Seg Ne ees 8 oes 2 rials, 3 6 sie ooo) at erg al 18
No. 2, Aprin
Fifth Annual Report of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1o1sseeeeee 21
Iepont Of eemDECCtOL tee o cs. a... sees. ee 21
Reponscu thesCdtatorot Plants ....,,,.--........ SI
Report of the Curator of Public Instruction .................. 57
Report: on themleibramanis «ek ne.) 68
Rinaneialestatements: for 101s amare se. c/o 82
TewMunicipal Account steeeemmeretpeni us. eagle 82
2 Private Funds Accountueeeeee ee | es 84
3; Corporate Stock’ Accountemeeee ye ee 86
EXDDEMCICES ToTT. 00's. a... oe eR 86
No. 3, JULY
Vaying ithe Cornerstone: ... 0 eee | ee I

Report of a Trip to Study and Collect Rusts and Other Parasitic
Rungiof Porto Rico... .... 2. eee ee iy
OSE eae IR a Se pono c aban Kae 122

No. 4, October

List of Current Periodicals on File in the Library, August’ 1, DOUG esa
What the Winter of 1916 Did to the Garden Evergreen Collections .. 140

The Collection of Nephrolepis Varieties at the Brooklyn Botanic
Garden oven Ces es cas i i ee 143
Third Annual Children’s Garden Exhibit ......................-. 148
INN (0) aE Lk ow on ae Oo 15!

ILLUSTRATIONS

ae ae sis during a sow storin «:...- "ea. sire ODD D
otanical s y of Long Island .
eee. en’s es exhibit 1915; Public: Schl ae 136 bet eine ie
ns xhibit

e Japan ; caviar He. er,
Pion s Brie eal “iene eons a ‘Public Sekeal: No. aves

“150
Children’s gardens, 1915; temporary location on site of Laboratory
Building .. ‘

Pia oe bat See Set Bat See tS et eae 20 ot) CP bay Yt Pe Bt a Deal Ok

ock Garden, vee TOG L Ss
Laboratory building, May TQ, oe

opie (aw: ae baa ETS le ke wma se Oa ware Oe:

Pace.

THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN

RECORD

VoL. V- October, 1916 No. 4

LIST OF CURRENT PERIODICALS ON FILE IN THE
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN LIBRARY
NI GUsde tT, LOLOs

Addisonia. New York. GG

Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Opelika. irreg.

Alabama Aaaflawihinnell Experiment Station. Circular. Montgomery. ir-
reg. A,C, M,N.

Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. Farmers Leaflet. Auburn.
irreg. A,

Alabama Avricditieal Experiment Station. Press Bulletin. Auburn.
irreg. A, , M.

Alaska ericulearal Experiment Station. Circular. Washington. irreg.

American Botanist. Jolie G.

American Fern Journal. ea. ule. q. G.

American Forestry. Washington. m. 4A, B, C, G, N.

American Journal of Botany. Lancaster. m, except Aug. and Sept. C,G.

* The lower case letters, heavy face, indicate period of issue, as fol-
lows: d, daily; w, weekly; m, monthly; bi-m, bi-monthly; q, quarterly;
y, yearly; irreg, at irregular intervals.

The capital letters, Italics, indicate the institutions, other than Brooklyn
Botanic Garden, where the publications are on file, as follows: A, Amer-
ican Museum of Natural History; B, Brooklyn Public Library; C, Co-
lumbia University; G, New York ee Garden; /, Brooklyn Mu-
seum; N, New York Public Librar

Reports and society are which are published annually
are not included in this list.

131

ag goin pin nA eM RRL ran Te a i ha Ce os cars A al lal a ets OP OATS a

: A
ae 132
: a
4 American Journal of Science (Silliman’s). New Haven. m, 4, B, C,
ee G, N.
Be American Midland Naturalist. Notre Dame.’ bi-m. 4, C, G, M, N.
% American Naturalist. Lancaster. m. A, B,C, G, M,N.
‘oe American Philosophical Society. Proceedings. Philadelphia. m. 4, C,
eae r
ee G,N
,

American Society of Agronomy. Journal. Washington. bi-m. C.

Annales 7 laaats Berlin, bi-m. C, G, N.

Annals of Botany. London. q. B, on deposit at B. B.G

Arizona Agricultural Beene aient Station. Bulletin. Tuczon. irreg. A,
A, N.

? re

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment. Station. Bulletin. Fayetteville. ir-

Tee. Ae Gy Gy Vv
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Circular. Fayetteville. irreg.
G, N

ae ee ee ee, ee
ee "i

Arkiv fiir Botanik. Stockholm. irreg. A, G, M, N.
Arnold Arboretum. Bulletin of pene Tatoitnanen Jamaica Plain. w.

Biochemical Bulletin. New York. irreg. A, C, G
Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Labotatory, Woods Hole.
, i

Biametnilen: Canbrdze, LE cra ec bral eo ANE
Bios. Genoa. irreg. C.
Bolus Herbarium, South African College. Annals. Cambridge. semi-an.,

Cig

a Boston. Children’s Museum. Bulletin. bi-m. 4, M.

t Botanical Gazette. Chicago. m. 8B, C, G,

‘ee Botanical Journal. London. q. G.

Botanical Magazine. Tokyo. m. C, on deposit at G.

Botanisches Centralblatt. Jena. w.

Botanisches Centralblatt. Beihefte. Deeedert irreg. C,

Botanisk Tidsskrift. Copenhagen. irreg. C, on deposit at G.

Brooklyn Aquarium Society. Bulletin. 5 Me

Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Contributions. inreg. B, G, M.

Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Leaflets. irreg. A, B,C, G, M; N.

Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Record. gq. A, B,G, M,N.

Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. Bulletin. w. 4, B,C, G, M,N.

Pee Institute of Arts and Sciences. Children’s Museum News. 8
Bo G, Moi

aes Museum Quarterly. q. A, B, M, N.

Bryologist. Pittsburgh. bi-m. G.

California State Commission ot Horticulture. Monthly Bulletin. Sacra-
N

me
California, Ciakcetinn of. Publications. Agricultural Sciences. Berkeley.
irreg. 2

ene

133

California, University of. Publications. Botany. Berkeley. irreg. 4,
s 5) M, N.

Cambridge (Eng.) Philosophical Society. Paoceacinee! Gee Ge Mean:

Cambridge (Eng.) Philosophical Society. Transactions. irreg. 4, C, N.

Canada. Prous aoe Experimental Farms. Bulletin. Ottawa. irreg. A,

Canada. Dominion Experimental Farms. Seasonable Hints. Ottawa. q.

I
Canadian Forestry Journal. Ottawa. m.
Centralblatt fur Bakteriologie. earasitenicende und Infektionskrankheiten,
Jena. bi-w .
Charleston Museum. Bulletin. 8 times a year. A, G, M
Colorado are Publications. General Series. Colorado Springs. irreg.

ee peculiar! Experiment Station. Bulletin. New Haven. ir-
re ,C, GM N,

Genel Rural School Leaflet. Ithaca. qg. 4, B,C, M,N.

Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Ithaca.
irreg g. fy eh (On Cale fais

Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. Cornell extension
bulletin. Ithaca. irreg. M

Cornell University Agricultural Reeerinient Station. Memoir. Ithaca.
irreg. B,C, G.

Curtis’s Botanical Magazine. London. m. B, on deposit at B. B. G.; C,
on deposit at G; N.

N

_—

Dansk botanisk Arkiv. Copenhagen. irreg. C, G.
Delaware Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Newark. irreg.

_C,G, M,N
Denieche Botanische Gesellschaft. Berichte. Berlin. 9 times a year. C,
n deposit at G.

Eugenical News. Cold Spring Harbor. m. JN.

Flora, oder Allgemeine botanische Zeitung. Jena CoG:
Florida Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Gainesville. irreg.
ven TNE
Brida, Agricultural Experiment Station. Press Bulletin. Gainesville,
irree. 4,C,G,M,N.
Forestry Quarterly. Washington. q. 4A, B,C, G, N.

Gardeners’ Chronicle. mee w. C, on deposit at G.
Gardeners’ Chronicle of Ameri New York. ,
Gardens’ Bulletin. Straits Bene, Singapore, irreg. G,
Genetics. Princeton. bi-m. GG. ING

134

Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Washington. irreg.

A, B,C,G, M,N.

Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station. Press. Bulletin. Washington.
irreg, 4, 8,C,G, M,N.

Herbarium. Leipzig. irreg. G, N.

Horticulture. Boston. w. C, G, N.

Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Urbana. irreg. A,
CAG MeN:
Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. Circular. Urbana. irreg. 4,

J ? , st *
Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. Soil Report. Urbana. irreg.

PC
Indiana Agricultural Experiment Station. (Purdue University.) Bulletin.
LaFayette. irreg. A, C, G, M,N.
Indiana Agricultural Experiment Station. (Purdue University.) Circular.
alayette. irreg. N.
International Catalog of Scientific Literature—Botany. London. y. A,

Tntenaational Institute of eas ee Bulletin of Foreign
Agricultural Intelligence. Ottaw A,
International Institute of a may coiet crop report and agri-
cultural statistics. Rome
International Institute of Agriculture. International review of the science
d practice of agriculture. Rome. m. G.

BGG, MeN:
Journal of Agricultural Science. Cambridge, Eng. q. A, GG.
Journal of Biological Chemistry. Baltimore. m. 4, C, G, N.
Journal of Ecology. Cambridge, Eng. q. A, C, G.
Journal of Genetics. Cambridge, Eng. gq. 4, C,G, N.
Journal of Heredity. Washington. Crag. ;
Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. St. Louis. m.
Junior Agriculturist. Chico, Cal.
Just’s botanischer Jahresbericht. Leipaiet ines, Grlly;

Journal of Agricultural Research. Washington. w. A,

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Topeka. irreg. A, C,
aly,
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Circular. Manhattan. irreg.
ARC Gamivl , INI,
Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Lexington. irreg.

Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Circular. Lexington. irreg.
A

K6niglicher botanischer Garten und Museum zu Berlin. Notizblatt. Leip-
zig. irre

135
Landscape Architecture. Harrisburg. q. 8B, C, G, N.
Leiden. Royal Herbarium. Mededeelingen van’s Rijks Herbarium. irreg.

Lilly Scientific Bulletin. Indianapolis. irreg. C, G, N.

Lloyd Library. Bibliographical Contributions. Cincinnati. q. A, C, G, N.
Lloyd Library. Letter by C. G. Lloyd. Cincinnati. irreg. C, G.

Lloyd Library. Mycological Notes. Cincinnati. irreg. C, G, N.

Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Orono. m. 4, C,

2 3 :
Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. College Park.
irreg. eG, (Garne
Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Amherst. irreg.
A, ? 3 ike, 9

oa ee Experiment Station. Control Series Bulletin.

=a

A,
Netbahuceit he ene fe eet Station. Circular. Amherst. ir-
Te Vaca Oper Vi
Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin, East Lansing. ir-
teg. A, pels

Michigan emeniiral Experiment Station. Circular. East Lansing. ir-
reg. A,C,G,N

Michigan a pa Experiment Station. Special Bulletin. East Lan-
sing. irreg. 4, Nis

Michigan ane en Pxperecent Station. Technical Bulletin. East Lan-
sing. irreg. A,C, N

Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. St. Paul. irreg.
bp tie (Cre me

iNecheethat Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Agricultural Col-
lege. irreg. A, peINS

Missouri Ie euinaral Eaneriment Station. Bulletin. Columbia. irreg.
a AG GIN

Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station. Circular. Columbia. irreg.

Missouri Botanical Garden. Annals. St. Louis. q. A, C, G, N.

Missouri Botanical Garden. Bulletin. St. Louis. ee

Missouri State Teachers’ Association. Bulletin. Coin

Missouri, University of. College of Agriculture. re ca Cant Serv-
ice. Columbia. irreg. C, N.

Missouri, University of. College of Agriculture. Press Bulletin. Colum-
bia. irreg. C, N.

Montana Net Experiment Station. Bulletin. Bozeman. irreg.
Vall Orel Cae

Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Circular. Bozeman. irreg.

2 a 2 f =
Mulford Digest. Philadelphia. irreg.

136

Mycologia. New York. bi-m. C, G.
Mycologisches Centralblatt. Jena. m. C.

Natal Government Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Annals.
London N

National Academy of Sciences. Proceedings. Baltimore. m. 4,C,G, N.

National Geographic Magazine. Washington. m. Pees Open ha

National Plant, Flower and Fruit Guild Magazine. New York. q. G, N.

Nature Study Review. Ithaca. 9 times a year. A, B,C, G,N.

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Lincoln. irreg. A,
CnG MEIN:

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Extension Bulletin. Lincoln.
irreg pan Gr eulde Ne

Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Research Bulletin. Lincoln.
reg. A,C,G, M,N

Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Carson City. irreg.

Wie Geol GN,
Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. Technical Bulletin. Carson City.
irreg. A,C,G.
New Hampshire ol alee Experiment Station. Bulletin. Durham. ir-
New Hampshire es Experiment Station. Scientific Contribu-
tions. Durham. irreg. C, G, N.
New Jersey Agricultural Beencritent Station. Bulletin. New Brunswick.

irres. 4,C, G, M,

ae ach Agricultural cae srnent Station. Circular. New Brunswick.

New ie State Agricultural College. Extension Bulletin. New Bruns-
wick, irteg. 7, GC, G, N

New Mexico eon a Experiment Station. Bulletin. Las Cruces.
irreg. 4,C,G, M,N.

New Phytologist. London. 10 numbers a year. C, G.

New York City. The City Record. d. soda

New York City. Board of Estimate and ieee ctomment Calendar. w.

ONE
New ae Metry) Department of Health. Monthly Bulletin. m. A, B,

Wor ae Department of Health. Weekly Bulletin. w. 8B, C,
New Yorke oe Seas Experiment Station. Bulletin. Geneva.
irreg SNe
New ae fe a ose 3 Experiment Station. cpechaeal Bulletin.
eneva. irreg. A,
New York (State) Garber pation Commission. Division of Lands and
Forests. Bulletin. Albany. irreg. 3B, G.
New York State Forestry Association. Bulletin. Rochester. q. B,
New York Academy of Sciences. Bulletin. w. October to May. a iG:
{, N.

137

New York Botanical Garden. Bulletin. irreg. 4A, C, G, N.
New York Botanical Garden. Journal. m. dA,C,G, N.
North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Raleigh. ir-

eg. A,C,G,N.
North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. Circular. Raleigh. ir-

reg. ;

North Decors Agricultural ee aes Station. Bulletin. Agricultural
College. irreg F

North Dakota Agricultural Beer cae Station. Circular. Agricultural

ON.
Nuova notarisia. Padua. a C, on deposit at G.

Nuovo giornale botanico italiano. Florence. q. C, on deposit at G.
Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne. Christiania. irreg.

Ohio (State) Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Wooster. ir-
reg. A,C,G,M,N. ;
Ohio (State) Agricultural Experiment Station. Circular. Wooster. ir-

reg. A, C,G, M,N.
Ohio (State) Agricultural Experiment Station. Monthly Bulletin. Wooster.

Aly ee Cea Gee Ni
Ohio (State) gene Survey. Bulletin. Columbus. irreg. A, C, G, N.
Ohio Journal of scie Columbus. 8 times a year.

ee,
Oklahoma Mouccitien Be ct Station. Bulletin. Stillwater. irreg.
Pasi Ge INE
Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station. Circular. Stillwater. irreg.

Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. Station Bulletin. Corvallis.
irree. A,C,G, N

Paris. Institut de France. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des Séances
de L’Académie des Sciences. AleaGe

Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment iStitiont Bulletin. State College.
irrege. A, B,C, G, M,N.

a State College. Contributions from the Department of Bot-

G.
Peradesia Meccan Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens. Colombo.
G.

Philadsohin Academy of Natural Sciences. Proceedings. 3 times a

pGnG ie Ne
Philippine ates of Science. Section A. Chemical and Geological Sci-
Manila. bi-m. 4, B, C, M, N.

Philippine Journal of Science. Section C. Botany. Manila. bi-m. HAN
BGG, Mf, IN

Physiological Researches. Baltimore. irreg. C.

Plant World. Baltimore.

Porto Rico Agricultural Eaepeninend Station. Bulletin. Washington, ir- »
reg. A,

5)

2
eth ae

[>

138
Practical Druggist. New York

she Ge
Puget Sound Marine Station. Publications. Seattle. irreg. G.

Revue général de botanique. Paris. m. C, on deposit at G.
Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Kingston. ir-
N

) ;
Roger Williams Park. Park Museum, Bulletin. bi-m. 4, G, M.
Royal Horticultural Society. Journal. London. 3 numbers a year. G, N,

School sii and Mathematics. Mount Morris, Ill. g times a year.

By;
Societa hota italiana. Bullettino. Florence. g numbersa year. C, on
depos
Societa coe italiana. Bullettino bibliografico della botanica italiana.
Florence. Twice a year.

Société vaudoise des sciences saunas s. Bulletin. Lausanne. 3 or 4
i year. ,G, M,
South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Clemson Col-

ege. irreg. 4A, C,G,N.

South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. Circular. Clemson Col-
lege. irreg. 4,

South Dakota Mer ciltanal Experiment Station. Bulletin. Brookings.
itres.. -45.€,.G, M,N:

Staten Island Association of Arts and Sciences. Museum Bulletin. New
Brighton. m. Ne

Storrs a Agricultural Pe caninent Station. Bulletin. irreg. A, C,

A, N.
ee hateniale Tidsskrift. Stockholm. 9 times a year. G,

4

Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Knoxville. irreg.

An ee GaN

Tohoku Imperial University. Journal of the College of Agriculture. Sap-
poro, Japan. 5 times a year. G, N.

Tokyo, Imperial University of. Journal of the College of Agriculture.
irreg.

7,
Tokyo, Imperial University of. Journal of the College of Science. irreg.

wie
Torrey Botanical Club, Bulletin of the. New York. m. A, B,C, G.
Torreya. New Yor
irecmalikes Stamtord. que GN:
Trinidad and Tobago. W.I. Department of Agriculture. Bulletin. m.

2

U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Bulletin, Washington. irreg. A, Bae G:
araeiioelye

139

U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Experiment Station Record. Washington.
m4. BOG, MN:

U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Farmers’ Bulletin. Washington. irreg. 4,
Bin: Ge Vie

U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Monthly List of Publications. Washington.
mre 5, CmG. VM, Ni

U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Bureau of Crop Estimates. Monthly Crop
Report. Washington. m. A, B,C,G,N.

U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Bureau a Plant Industry. Inventory of
Seeds and Plants Imported. Washington. irreg. A G, M,N.
U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Bureau of Plant Industry. Plant Immigrants.

Washington. m. »G.
U.S. Dept. of ecentrare: Weather Bureau Climatological Data. Wash-
ington

New England Section. m. 4A, C G, M.

New Jersey Section. m. 4,C,G,M,N

New York Section. m. 4, B, C, G, M, N.

Pennsylvania Section. m. 4,C,G, M.
.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Weather Bureau.
Washington. m.

(Ee

Monthly Weather Review.

G, M, N.
U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Weather Bureau. National Weather and
Crop Bulletin. Washington. w. during the season.

G;

Washington. w. during the season. y

é

e

barium. Washington. irre

C,

. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Weather Bureau.
4,

Snow and fee Bulletin.

. S. National Museum. Contributions from ie U. S. National Her-

U. S. National Museum. Proceedings. wae irregz. A, B, C,
M,N

Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Logan. irreg. A, C,

Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. Circular. Logan. irreg. 4, C,

G, M,N

Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Burlington. irreg.

wees Gs, JN:

Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station. Circular. Burlington, irreg.

GN.
Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Blacksburg. irreg.
A

Washington Agricultural Experiment Station.

vate (Co

Woe enneton Agricultural Experiment Station.
a irrege. 4A, C,G,N.

MUeenineton oe hates Experiment Station.
Series. _ Pull ma reg.

Bulletin. Pullman. irreg.
Popular Bulletin. Pull-

Department of Extension

140

Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin. Madison. irreg.
ae ce,

Wisconsin, University of. peti tei) Experiment Station. Research
Bulletin. Madison. irr G, I

Wyoming Acricaterrs| Experiment Sean Bulletin. Laramie. irreg.
ANG. Gr MeN.

Zeitschrift fiir Botanik. Jena. C, G.

Zeitschrift ftir das eae ech adiiehe Versuchswesen in Oesterreich.
ie m.

Teechntt fiir induktive Abstammungs—und Vererbungslehre. Leipzig.

irreg. A,C,G,N.
Zeitschrift fiir Pflanzenkrankheiten. Stuttgart. bi-m. C, on deposit at

G, N.
Zeitschrift fiir Pflanzenzuchtung. Berlin. q. C, N.
Laura E. Watson BENEDICT

WEA hE. WINTER: OF 1916 DID TO THE GARDEN
EVERGREEN COLLECTIONS

During the last two decades there has been no such disastrous
winter for evergreens as we experienced in January, February
and March of this year. A recent checking of the coniferous col-
lections shows the Garden’s loss to have been over eighty speci-
men plants, valued at somewhat over six hundred dollars.

In the juniper collection, Juniperus chinensis Fortunei, J. com-
munis, J. suecia, J. sabina fastigiata, J. pachyphloea glauca (3),
and J. neaboriensis were killed, while such a supposedly hardy
species as J. rigida, of Japan, was badly winter-killed. It is now
(August) growing vigorously. Near these is our best specimen
of Cryptomeria japonica, now nine feet high, which was fortu-
nately only slightly winter-killed and is now growing well.
Sequoia gigantea was more “burned” than usual during the win-
ter, but 1s recovering satisfactorily.

Among the arbor vitaes, nearly all derived from two perfectly
hardy species, one American and the other Japanese, there has
been heavy loss. In Thuja occidentalis argentea, one specimen
is slightly winter-killed but is making only poor recovery, and the
other two specimens were cut back from about six feet to one foot,

141

and will never be good specimens again. This severe cutting
back was also necessary in T. occidentalis pyramidalis, T. occi-
dentalis aurea, and T. occidentalis plicata. More than thirty
plants in the arbor vitae hedge along Washington Avenue, near the
laboratory building, had to be replaced this spring. Dust and
smoke may, however, have something to do with the loss in this
hedge. A surprising survival, near the arbor vitae collection, is
Torreya nucifera from the southern islands of Japan. Always
doubtfully hardy in this latitude, both our plants of this species,
which have been here since 1911, are doing splendidly. The
same is true of Ephedra distachya and Taxodium distichum. Of
all the yew collection only Taxus baccata hibernica is dead, the
rest apparently coming off scathless.

The most serious individual losses are two fine specimens of
Sciadopitys verticillata, both from the Lowell M. Palmer collec-
tion, and grown here since 1911. One is dead and the other is
making only feeble recovery. Near here are large plants of
Pseudolarix Kaempferi, from Japan, a deciduous conifer which
has proved perfectly hardy. Fortunately, none of the recent
conifer collections from China, most of them as yet small plants,
have been planted out in the collections, and were carried through
safely in pits or other protected places.

The beautiful horticultural retinosporas, belonging to the genus
Chamaecyparis, suffered heavily. The following were all cut
back from splendid specimen plants averaging six to eight feet to
small fragments scarcely a foot high: C. obtusa, C. Veitchu, C.
Lawsoniana, C. pisifera squarrosa, and C. pisifera plumosa aurea.
Somewhat less severely winter-killed was C. obtusa nana and C.
lycopodioides, while C. nutkatensis glauca and C. nutkatensis
glauca pendula are none the worse. All of this collection came
from the Lowell M. Palmer estate, and has been at the Garden
ever since it started.

The percentage of plants killed among the firs is great: Abies
Fraseri, A. arizonica, A. grandis, A. subalpina, A. Pinsapo, A.
magnifica, A. Appolinis, and A. cilicica being among the number.
Many of these were in duplicate or triplicate, and a good many
of them have been here since the early days of the Garden.
Abies numidica is badly winter-killed, but appears to be growing

142

again. Near the firs are the cedars, where Cedrus atlantica died
and others of the same species, but older, are alive and healthy.
Cedrus Deodara seems to be making only a feeble recovery. The
spruces are also in a similar situation where there is considerable
exposure to wind. Only Picea pungens glauca was rather winter-
killed, two unnamed species, here since IQII, are dead, but all
the others seem fairly healthy.

A study of the weather reports for January, February and
March shows a curious reversal of ordinary winter weather in
1916. January was more than six degrees warmer than the
normal, while rain and snow were 2.7 inches below normal. On
January 27 the maximum temperature was 69°, a nearly fatal
condition of itself without the inclemencies that were to follow
in February and March. On January 14, 17, 22, 23, and 28 there
were winds of from 51 to 62 miles per hour. This coupled with
the warmth and slight rainfall was a poor preparation for Feb-
ruary. The latter month began, on the first, with another high
temperature of 61° ; the average temperature, however, was 1.7°
below normal. There were terrific winds on February 7, 18, 19,
26, 27, 28, varying from 53 to 75 miles per hour, and there was
about the usual precipitation. In other words, our conifers had,
up to March first, withstood a warm, dry January, a slightly
colder, but scarcely more moist February, to the accompaniment
of violent winds during both months. It was in March, however,
that the climax of bad weather was reached. Throughout the
month the temperature averaged 5.3° below the normal, the pre-
cipitation was only about normal and the January deficiency was
never recovered until April, when it was too late. After a period
of comparatively mild weather the lowest temperature of the
winter was reached on March 18 when, with the thermometer
hovering between 7° and 10° above zero, the wind blew almost
sixty miles an hour. This undoubtedly proved the climax in a
period of bad weather, the effects of which it will take the Garden
many years to repair.

NorMAN TAYLOR.

143

THE COLLECTION OF NEPHROLEPIS VARIETIES
AT THE BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN*

Some eight months ago, the writer published in the trade press
an account of the Nephrolepis collection at the Brooklyn Botanic
Garden, together with a suggestion for a means of cooperation
between the Garden and florists which would be of mutual benefit,
The offer made in behalf of the Garden was, first, to send out
small plants of named varieties from a list then published, as far
as duplicates were available, the purpose being to aid florists in
building up collections and testing new varieties. Second, the
Garden offered to act as a bureau of information regarding these
ferns, and, in this connection, offered to send out copies of a
reprint of the Nephrolepis article from the New Standard Cyclo-
paedia of Horticulture. Florists were asked in return to send
information to correct or supplement the statements in the article,
and also to send plants of varieties not on the list. The present
statement is in the nature of a report on the results obtained with
a further offer of cooperation on the same lines as before.

About two hundred copies of the Nephrolepis article have been
sent out, the great majority to commercial growers. Several
hundred small plants have been distributed in lots varying from
five to thirty different kinds, according to what was available.
These have gone to all corners of the United States, and applica-
tions have come from Australia and New Zealand. A consider-
able number of florists have thus been able to build up collections
for exhibition purposes, and at least one grower expects to add
one form so obtained to the list offered in a mail order catalogue.

The Nephrolepis investigation work at the Garden has also
profited. The collection of Nephrolepis forms has more than
doubled.. The list previously published included forty named
sports of N. exaltata bostoniensis. ‘The present list includes sev-
enty. Of varieties of other species, fifteen names were given
before. Now there are fifty names. It should be noted that I
say “fifty names,” not fifty varieties. Some of these names are
undoubtedly synonyms. ‘The list of actually distinct forms may

* This article was published in various horticultural journals during the
autumn of 1916.

144

not be more than thirty, but it is yet impossible certainly to deter-
mine the proper names for these varieties or the exact. number of
different kinds. The difficulty in correctly classifying these
forms is due, in part, to carelessness and inaccuracy on the part
of the growers and others, and in part to the fact that the classi-
fication of the original species of Nephrolepis is an unusually
difficult problem.

Besides the named varieties a REC eING number of unnamed
kinds have been sent in for experimental growing, to the number
of at least fifty. When full-grown plants of all kinds are devel-
oped it will undoubtedly be found that some of these unnamed
forms are duplicates of varieties already in the trade. It is safe
to say, however, that the present living collection at the Garden
includes at least one hundred and twenty-five distinct varieties of
Nephrolepis.

About thirty of this increase of sixty-odd kinds have been ob-
tained by purchase from English and French growers. The re-
mainder have been received through the cooperation of American
growers and botanic gardens. The Bureau of Plant Industry,
through its Office of Foreign Plant Introduction, is now cooper-
ating through its agents in all parts of the tropics, who are col-
lecting specimens of the wild forms to be grown and compared
with the types under cultivation.

The writer has continued his visits to commercial establish-
ments through the aid of a grant of one hundred dollars from the
American Association for the Advancement of Science. Grow-
ers in Columbus and Springfield, Ohio, and in and about Boston,
New York, and Philadelphia have been visited, some of them sev-
eral times. A great deal of valuable information has been gained
in this way. A partial scientific report of the study of these
plants has been published in the May number of the Bulletin of
the Torrey Botanical Club, and reprinted as Contributions Num-
ber 13 of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Further reports are in
preparation.

In the meantime the facilities of the collection continue to be
available for the benefit of florists. Small plants of named varie-
ties will be sent on application as far as the stock of duplicates
allows. Definite applications for few and specific varieties will

145

receive preference over general applications, but all will be served
as far as possible. If general applications are made for the pur-
pose of building up collections of varieties, the request for speci-
mens should include a list of the kinds already being grown, to
avoid duplication.
ot all the varieties listed here are available for distribution,

although there is a much larger assortment than last year. Some
have only recently been received from England, and there has
been insufficient time for propagation of small plants. Others,
especially some in the second group, are very slow to reproduce,
or are so large and require so much space that it has not been
possible to give them bench room. In general, the varieties in
the second group are mostly of little commercial value in the
United States except for large collections.

Perhaps the collection can find its greatest value for florists as
a clearing house of information about Nephrolepis forms. How
this might work out was suggested recently by a well-known
grower of the New York district. As president of one of the
local growers’ associations he had had occasional requests for an
opinion as to the value and distinctiveness of some supposedly
new form of Nephrolepis, sent in by some florist of the district.
The only means of answering such a question would be by refer-
ence to some practically complete collection of these forms. The
writer will be glad to answer questions along this line and regard-
ing any other phase of interest in connection with these ferns.
Visitors are welcome at any time.

RatpH Curtiss BENEDICT

NEPHROLEPIS EXALTATA AND ITS VARIETIES
Once-Pinnate Forms

evaltata. Wild species, tropics genera

PS sie F. C. Becker, een ree and others.

Childs. J. L. Childs, Floral Ranks

Dreyert Dreyer there, Whitestone, N. Y.

Dwarf Boston. F. R. Pierson, Tarrytown, N. Y.

Edmontoniensis. H,. B. May & Sons, Upper Edmonton, England.

falcata. Peter Wagner, Brooklyn, N. Y. (There is also an English
falcata.)

Gretnai. B. M. Wichers & Co., Gretna, Louisiana.

146

Giatrasi. George Giatras, West Hoboken, N. J.

Harrisi. Wm ie Harris & Co., Philadelphia, Penn.
York. orge Giatras, yest Hoboken, le

Randolphi. Readion & Sons, Verona, Penn.

Roosevelti. American Rose & Plant Co., ee ieee Ohia

Schultheisi. Anton Schultheis, College Point, N. Y

Scotti. John Scott Estate, Brooklyn, N. Y.

splendida.* Good & Reese Co., Soren Ohio.

Teddy Jr. American Rose & PI ant me Springfield, Ohio.

viridissima. I, R. Pierson, Tarrytown, N. Y.

Wagneri. Peter Wagner, Brooklyn, N yee

Wanamakert.* Robert Craig, Philadelphia, Penn.

Twice-Pinnate Forms
Anna Foster. Lucius Foster, Dorchester, Mass.
Baby Pierson. (Parentage uncertain.
Barrowsi, Henry H. Barrows & Son, Whitman, Mass.
Clarki.f Clark. (?)
duplex Bernstetli. (?)
Elmsfordi, Scott Brothers, Sree Ne
fosteriana, (Same as Anna
Kingessing. Wm. K. Harris & oe Philadelphia, Penn.
Millst. Wm. Kk. Harris & Co., penn ete Penn.
Piersoni. F. R. Pierson, Aeitoa
Piersoni “improved.” Good & Bae Co., Ghrinanelt Ohio.
robusta. Robert Craig, Philadelphia, save
Schillert. J. L; Schiller, Toledo, Ohio.
Scholzeli, Herman Scholzel, New Durham, N. J.
splendida. Good & Reese Co., Springfield, Ohio.
superbissima. F. R. Pierson, Tarrytown, N. Y.

~—)

Three-Pinnate Forms.
Clarki* Clark. (?)
elegantissima. TV. R. Pierson, Tarrytown, N. Y.
elegantissima “improved.” IF. R. Pierson, Tarrytown, N. Y.
elegantissima compacta. F. R. sera Tarrytown,
elegantissima cristata. (?) (Englisl
exaltata cristata, (?) (English.)
Galvestoni. J. D. Pruessner, Galveston, Texas

. lycopodioides. Thomas Rochfo . & Sons, Herts, England.

muscosa. EF. R. Pierson, Tarrytown, N
Piersont compacta. Sanne Pomeacra
Pruessneri. J. D. Pruessner, Galveston, Texas.

* Produces some 2-pinnate leaves.
+ As typically developed, 3-pinnate.

147

Scholzelt. Werman Scholzel, New Durham, N.
superior. Superior Nursery, Los cae, Cal.
todeoides. Thomas Rochford & Sons, Herts, England.

todeoides compacta.
todeoides superba.

Verona. S. Rando

Whitmant.
Whitmani “improved.”
Whitmani compacta.
Wicherst. B. M. Wichers & Co.,
Wredit.

Henry

Thomas Rochford & Sons, Herts, England.
Thomas Rochford & Sons, Herts, England.
Iph & Sons, Verona, Penn.
Henry H. Barrows & Son, Whitman, Mass.
H. Barrows & Son, Whitman, Mass.
Henry H. Barrows & Son, Whitman, Mass.
Gretna, La.
Thomas Rochford & Sons, Herts, England.

Four-Pinnate Forms

Amerpohli, Edward Amerpohl, Janesville, Wis.
dissecta. ( ish.
oodu. Good & Reese Co., Springfield, Ohio.
“ gracillima,” oe ead the original gracillima of Barrows).
magnifica y H. Barrows & Son, Whitman, Mass
Marshalli. H B ee & ae Upper Edmonton, Eng if

Marshalli compacta. H. B. M
euberti. Neubert.

pulcherrima. (English.)

Rochford.

Smith.

nd.
ay & Sons, Upper Edmonton, England.

Thomas Rochford & Sons, Herts, England.
J. Clark, Washington Botanic Garden

Five-Pinnate Forms
Craigi. Robert Craig, Philadelphia, Penn.

Wilimotae. H. B. M

ay & Sons, Upper Edmonton, England.

NEPHROLEPIS VARIETIES AND SPECIES OTHER THAN EXALTATA

- acuminata

Barteri

Bauset

biserrata

biserrata CO aa furcans

biserrata furcans minor (davalli-
cides furcans minor)

biserrata var. Gime termined form)

canaliculata

concinna

cordata compacta=cordifolia com-
acta

cordifolia compacta

cordtfolia gigantea
cordifolia elegans
cordifolia tessalata
crispata congesta
davallioides = biserrata

davallioides furcans = btserrata

Duffit

pee (= cordifolia)
Rigi: furcans ” =biserrata fur-
can

in grandiceps” = biserrata
furcans minor

floccigera

148

“Golwigheriana” (= Zollingeri- rufescens (= hirsutuia)
ana?) rufescens amabilis
hirsutula SrA ae elegans
hirsutula tripinnatifida ea ie tripinnatifida
Longu uperba) splen

Mayu super ee

Mayii cristata tuberosa

Mayit ornata tuberosa plumosa
pPectinata washingtoniensts
philadelphiensis Westont

pluma Wittboldit

recurvata Zollingeriana

rivularis

THIRD CHILDREN’S GARDEN EXHIBIT

The third annual children’s garden exhibit was held at the
Brooklyn Botanic Garden, September 29 and 30, 1916. For sev-
eral reasons it was thought that the exhibit would be far inferior
to that of last year ; the schools began late, the date of our exhibit
was late, and the epidemic of infant paralysis that spread from
Brooklyn, during June-September, was generally upsetting.
Notwithstanding, the third exhibit was perhaps better than that
of last year, though not as many schools competed. Those
schools in sections where there are still cases of paralysis felt it
was not wise nor safe to have things brought from home for any
purpose. Other schools had only fifty per cent. of their children
in attendance and some of these schools felt it to be almost futile
to try to compete.

On Wednesday afternoon Public School 43 sent five loads of
window boxes and potted material, plants started and cared for
by the children and sent to their homes during the summer.
Much of this material was cared for under the poorest of condi-
tions. This exhibit covered the entire space of one side of our
room and was an extremely creditable entry.

Public School 152 sent their usual well-arranged exhibit. It
was not as large as last year, but showed the same interest and
care.

The Park gardens, under the direction of the Department of

Rin Tae eee

149

Parks of this city, sent exhibits which were composed of excel-
lent garden vegetables and some fine specimen plants.

The individual display, that is, the material entered by children
as individuals and not as members of schools, was much smaller
this year than the two previous years. This can be accounted for
by the fact that schools urged their children to exhibit with the
schools, and so swell that exhibit, rather than work for them-
selves alone.

There were about 1,000 exhibits in all. The following list
gives the prize winners in each class:

ScHooL DISPLAY

Public School 152, Ist prize.
Public School 98, 2d prize.
Public School 82, honorable mention.
Public School 8g, honorable mention.

COMMUNITY GARDEN DISPLAY

McCarren Park, Ist prize.
Betsy Head garden, 2d prize.
Highland Park garden, honorable mention.

Box DISPLAY FOR SCHOOLS

Public School 43, 1st prize.
Public School 36, 2d prize.

FLOWER DISPLAY

Alyssum, Veronica O’Brien Bay Ridge High, 1st; Julius Buxbaum, P.
S. 36, 2d; Tillie Brownstein, P. S. 21, hon. men. Asters (blue), Henri-
etta Kramer, P. S. 108, rst; Celia Rosen, P. S. 36, 2d. Asters (pink),
Julius Buxbaum, P. S. 36, 1st; Asters (white), William Kopp, P. S. 36,
Ist; Calendula, Sylvester Mann, McCarren Park, Ist; Dianthus, James
O’Shea, McCarren Park, Ist; Marigold, Theodore DeCastro, P. S. 36, Ist;
Nasturtium, Frances Burke, Bay Ridge High, 1st; Sunflower, Mildred Cos-
tigan, P. S. 98, 1st; Maurice Reilly, McCarren Park, 2d; sinnia, George
Kretak, McCarren Park, Ist; Edward Watson, P. S. 139, 2d; John Ken-
nedy, McCarren Park, hon. men.

150

VEGETABLES

Beans (bush), George Kinsella, P. S. 98, 1st; Beans, Milton Hudders,
Commercial High, Ist; Beatrice Anderson, St. Joseph’s, 2d. Beets, Dor-
othy VonFricken, P. S. 98, 1st; Edward Staut, P. S. 89, 2d. Carrots,
Wilbur Bennett, P. S. 139, 2d. Corn, Clifton Nelson, P. S. 152, 1st; El-
wood Middleton, P. S. 152, 2d. Egg plant, Harry Johnson, P. S. 80, Ist;
Gilda Monzillo, Bay Ridge High, 2d; Clara Schlevogt, P. S. 153, hon. men.
Kohlrabi, Clara Rogatski, P. S. 23, Sal Peppers, Maurice Campbell, P. S.
129, Ist; Gilda Monzillo, Bay Ridge High, 2d. Squash, Anthony Varvaro,
P. S. 36, ist; Maurice Campbell, P. S. 129, 2d. Tomatoes (green), Harold
Uhrbrock, Manual Training High, 1st. Catherine Collins, 98, 2d.
Tomatoes (red), Jack French, P. S. 152, 1st; Clifton Nelson, P. S. 152,
2d. Tomatoes (dwarf), Catherine Collins, P. S. 68, hon. men

Best SPECIAL PLANT
Alice Schlevogt, P. S. 153, 1st; Maurice Reilly, McCarren Park, 2d;
Arthur: Jacobson, P. $. 129, hon. men. Thomas McDonald, P. S. 12,
Emanuel Sueiiey McCarren Park, Alice Schlevogt, P. S. 153, Sherman
Kearns, P. S. 98, Walter Holt, P. S. 89, Robert Rountree, P. S. 9, Gerard
Toombs, P. S. 98, all hon. men.

INDIVIDUAL GARDEN DISPLAY

Theodore Hall, P. S. 152, rst; Edmond O’Donnel, P. S. 89, 2d; Hen-
rietta Kramer, P. S, 108, hon. men.

WEED DISPLAY
Blanche O’Day, Bay Ridge High, 1st; William Pfezenmeier, P. S, 36, 2d.
\
Witp FLower Display
Adele Quitman, Bay Ridge High, 1st; Gordon Hart, P. S. 3, 1st Helen
Cherouny, Bay Ridge High, 2d; Louise Wiegand, P. S. 36, 2d; Grade
8B1, P. S. 36, hon, men.

Back YarD GARDENS .

Elias Osher, P. S. 43, 1st; William & James Nedwell, P. S. 08, rst.

Ambrose Connor, P. S. 98, 2d; George & Charles Kinsella, P. S. 98, hon.
men.

The: school trophy in class A was won for the third time by
Public School 152, and thus becomes the property of that school.
Next year a new trophy will be offered for competition. Public
School 43 and McCarren Park won first prizes in classes B and

151

C; these prizes are large silver cups. Second prizes in A, B, and
C are small silver cups. These cups remain the permanent prop-
erty of the winners. As usual the individual first prizes are silver
medals, the second prizes bronze medals, and honorable mention
in all classes is a certificate.

The Teachers-Garden Association of the Brooklyn Botanic
Garden presents each year a cup to the boy or girl who. has been
registered in the Garden more than one year, and who has done
work of superior excellence. This year the cup was won by
Gladys Bergman.

ELLEN Eppy SHAW

NOTES

Professor Ralph W. Curtis and Mr. C. E. Hunn, of the depart-
ment of landscape art of Cornell University, visited the Garden
September 30.

Professors J. B. S. Norton, state pathologist, and W. R. Bal-
lard, pomologist, from the Maryland Experiment Station, visited
the Garden September 27.

Professor George E. Stone, botanist of the Massachusetts Agri-
cultural Experiment Station, who has been spending some time
in study at the New York Botanical Garden, visited the Garden
August 21,

Mr. Wilson Popenoe, agricultural explorer of the Bureau of
Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, came to the
Garden on August 24 to consult concerning the collecting of ferns
of the Boston fern group, during an exploring trip which he is
about to undertake to Central America. He sailed on August 25.

Mr. John Ellis, gardener, resigned on June 30 to accept the
position of head gardener of the department of botany and plant
pathology at the Pennsylvania State College.

Miss Charlotte Elliott acted as research assistant in the Garden
laboratory during August and September. Miss Elliott’s aca-
demic record is as follows: Leland Stanford, Jr. University, A.B.,

152

1907; A.M., 1913; teacher of biology, State Normal School, Spear
Fish, S. D., 1908-12; instructor in botany, State College, Brook-
ings, S. D., 1914-16.

Mr. Jackson Thornton Dawson, superintendent of the Arnold
Arboretum (Jamaica Plain, Mass.) since its foundation, and
widely known as a horticulturist, died on August 3, 1916, after
a brief illness. He was seventy-five years old. A large part of
the success of the Arboretum has been attributed by its director
to Mr. Dawson’s skill in growing plants. He has had the rare
and satisfying experience of enjoying in the Arboretum the shade
of large forest trees which he himself raised from the seed.
Many of the finest specimens in the Arboretum, of both trees
and shrubs, were propagated from seedpans by Mr. Dawson.

The July, 1916, issue of the Gardeners’ Chronicle of America
contained, under the title “ Popular Hedge Plants for General
Use,” a reprint of Brooklyn Botanic Garden Leaflets, Series II,
No. 9 (September 16, 1914). The reprint was illustrated with
three half-tone cuts.

We learn from Science (for July 28, 1916) that the Stanford
University Arboretum, comprising about 200 acres, and estab-
lished by Senator Stanford in 1882, has been placed under the
control of the department of botany of the university, with a
view to utilize it more fully for scientific purposes. An annual
appropriation is to be made for the acquisition of specimens, that
for the current year being $1,000. Mr. H. A. Greene, president
of the Monterey Tree Growing Club, has presented the Arbore-
tum with 200 species, many of which are rare and impossible to
obtain through ordinary trade channels. Mr. John McLaren,
superintendent of Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, will assist
in the general planting, especially along the principal avenues.
In connection with the arboretum, the university has also set aside
several tracts on the Palo Alto estate for the preservation of na-
tive vegetation. These plant reserves embrace several hundred
acres, and contain a variety of plant formations, such as stream-
bank, redwood canon, oak, madrona forest, serpentine outcrops,
and chaparral. In a preliminary survey of the reserves sixty-
four species of native lignescent plants were catalogued.

155

On Tuesday forenoon, August 1, Professor John W. Harsh-
berger and a class of students from the Biological Laboratory of
the Brooklyn Institute, at Cold Spring Harbor, L. IL, visited the
Garden. Onthe afternoon of the same day Mr. Nixon and a class
in botany from the Columbia University also visited the Garden.

By the time this issue of the Recorp reaches its readers the
second bunch of bananas to be grown in the economic house of
the Garden will be nearly ready for harvesting.

On nomination of the sectional committee, Dr. Gager has been
elected vice-president and chairman of Section G (Botany) of
the American Association for the Advancement of Science for
the coming New York meeting, in place of Prof. T. J. Burrill,
deceased.

On Saturday morning, August 12, Dr. Jean Broadhurst and a
class of about fifty students in the summer session at Teachers’
College, Columbia University, visited the Garden, primarily to
inspect our children’s gardens and work of elementary instruc-
tion. At the end of their itinerary the ladies were presented by
the children with a nosegay and the men with a single flower,
picked from the children’s gardens.

Bulletin 34, Agricultural Educational Series, of the Department
of Land Records and Agriculture, United Provinces of Agra and
Oudh, India, is entitled “A brochure on school gardens,” by H. J.
Davies, F.R.H.S., superintendent, Government Horticultural Gar-
dens, Lucknow. The bulletin contains detailed directions for
laying out and caring for children’s gardens, and six pages of
tabular matter, giving “instructions for sowing flower seed in
the hills and plains of the United Provinces.” In the Recorp for
January, 1913, attention was called to the extensive development
of children’s gardens in Ceylon.

The grading for the extension of the brook on the south addi-
tion, the digging of the brook, and sewer and water connections
on this area were completed during the summer. The west half
is now in lawn (September 30), but the east side of the brook
will have to be delayed until spring, when the soil improvement
scheme will be completed on that side. Early in the spring of
1917 it is planned to move the systematic collections so as to

154

occupy this and adjoining areas. The brook continues the pres-
ent stream for over 600 feet, with three falls and rapids, and ends
in the new terminal pool, which is larger than any other on the
line of the brook.

Installation of the Fern Garden—In the American Fern Jour-
nal for July-September, 1916 (Vol. 6, No. 3), there is a list of
fifty-two hardy ferns now growing in our fern garden. This
garden has been made the depository for the American Fern
Society, but only so much of it has been made as will hold the
present collections ; with the cooperation of the Society, it is ex-
pected that the collection will steadily increase. Dr. R. C. Bene-
dict, resident investigator at the Garden, and one of the editors
of the American Fern Journal, has planned the details of this
garden, which is being started on the knoll at the north end of
the local flora valley.

Resignation of the Librarian—On August 4, Dr. Laura E.
Watson Benedict, librarian of the Garden since January 1, 1915,
tendered her resignation, to take effect on August 31. Dr. Bene-
dict’s large experience in library administration (Cf. BrRooKLyN
Botanic Recorp 4: 28-29. A 1915) enabled her to render serv-
ices of great value in the organization of our library almost de
novo, and it is sincerely regretted that the consideration of her
own best interests made her feel that her resignation was impera-
tive at this time.

Appointment of Miss Simpson—On September 18, Miss Ray
Simpson entered upon her duties as librarian of the Garden, in
place of Dr. L. E. W. Benedict, resigned. Miss Simpson’s pro-
fessional record is as follows:

1908-09 Student N. Y. Public Library Training class.

1909-14 Harlem Library Branch N. Y. P. L.

1914-15 Student in N. Y. Public Library School.

1915-16 Senior Assistant in Aguilar Branch, N. Y. P. L., during
which time a “ Library Survey of the Aguilar Branch
District’? was made, as a basis for a thesis for the
second year work at the Library School, as well as a
map which indicated the various social, religious and
philanthropic, and political tendencies in the district.

155

Field Trips for Nature Study with Plants—During the past
season Mr. Stoll, of the Garden staff, conducted field trips for
nature study, with special reference to Boy Scouts’ requirements,
as follows: February 12, Rosedale, L. I. (woods) ; May 30, Van
Cortlandt Park, N. Y. C. (open country) ; June 10, trip for scout-
masters to the camp of Ernest Thompson-Seton, Greenwich,
Conn. (trees); July 4, Prospect Park and the Botanic Garden
(trees and shrubs) ; July 7-9, Tuxedo, N. Y. (trees and shrubs).
From July 18 to 21, Mr. Stoll visited a chain of four camps of
boy scouts at South Kent and Twin Lakes, Conn., and Ancram
and Woodland, N. Y., giving instruction and conducting field
trips. During the season about 450 individuals have availed
themselves of the opportunities offered under Mr. Stoll, with a
total attendance of I150.

Cooperation of the Garden in Teachers’ Institute Work—The
Garden cooperated materially in the recent two weeks’ session
of the Teachers’ Institute conducted by the New York City Board
of Education, prior to the opening of the schools to pupils. Sev-
enty teachers, consisting of one delegate each from the schools in
the two districts presided over by Miss Grace Strachan, came to
the Garden for two-hour conferences and instruction by Miss
Shaw during every afternoon for the two weeks. These dele-
gates were designated as “school garden delegates,’ and they
were chosen from those teachers who were specially interested
in school gardens and nature study.

The Brooklyn Training School for Teachers sent their practice
teachers to visit the Garden, and to learn more of our work in
cooperation with schools. Also the regular teachers of the Train-
ing School, with Professor Holtz as guide, spent a morning at
the Garden, learning in particular of our work for children in
gardening and nature study. The kindergarten teachers of the
free kindergartens of Brooklyn came to look over the nature
study work with children at the Garden. Finally, four of the
high schools of Brooklyn sent parties of teachers from their
biology departments to visit the Garden, and to learn of our plans
for cooperation with the high schools of the vicinity.

156

Arrangements have just been completed in New York whereby
the resources of The Engineering Foundation, under the auspices
of the four principal national engineering societies, are placed at
the disposal of the National Research Council, which was ap-
pointed by the National Academy of Science at the request of
President Wilson. ‘The object of the council is to coordinate the
scientific research work of the country in order to secure efficiency
in the solution of the problems of war and peace. The council
was without funds until The Engneering Foundation, established
to further scientific and engineering research, offered to place
its resources at the council’s disposal, including the services of
its secretary, Dr. Cary T. Hutchinson, to act as secretary of the
council. The offer was accepted and plans for immediate activi-
ties have been placed in the hands of an executive committee.

Fundamentals of Botany, a text-book for university and college
use, by Dr. C. Stuart Gager, was issued in September by P.
Blakiston’s Son & Co. The book comprises 640 pages, with 435
illustrations.

The large plan of the systematic collection of the Garden, pre-
pared by Mr. Caparn and Mr. Taylor, was loaned to the Missouri
Botanical Garden for an exhibition of Landscape Architecture
during October. |

Dr. George W. Reed, who spent three months at the Garden
during the past summer as resident investigator, has returned to
his duties as professor of botany in the University of Missouri.
Dr. Reed’s problem is a survey of the diseases of the trees and
shrubs in Prospect Park and the Garden.

On nomination of the sectional committee, Dr. Gager has been
elected vice-president and chairman of Section G (Botany), of
the American Association for the Advancement of Science, for
the coming New York meeting, in place of Prof. T. J. Burrill,
deceased.

INDEX TO VOLUME V

Accessions, 38, 69, 78
Acknowledgments, 50
iN :

Alliance of Women’s
Brooklyn, 19
American Journal of Botany, 46
Annable, Mrs. Henry D., 19
Appointments, Miss Ray Simpson,
54

Clubs of

I
research, 123

Appropriation for

municipal, 48, 49, 86
Architecture, landscape, 54
Arthur, Professor, 120, 122
Assistant Secretary, 30
Assistants, library, 77
Attendance, 32, 40

maintenance,

Balances, corporate stock 48
Baad: Prof. W. R.,

na prey spa grown in our
aE

Resend erunch oe ae
Beerbower, Mr. George M., 32
Paes t, ie Laura E ace 38,

154
Benedict Dr. Ralph Curtiss, 36, 43,

I
Bide ‘list of, for the completion of
ie Botanic Garden buildings, 30,

Bindin ng,
Bisby, Mr. Guy 5S., 39
iss Peter, 126

ae fern varieties, “collection
og Scouts, 58
Boys’ Club, Brooklyn Botanic

125
Been. ‘serrulata, 37

Brandes, Mr., 11

Bristol, Prof. Guatles lie 127
Britton, Dr. N. L., 41, 117, 122
Broadhurst, Dr. reas 153

15

Brook, extension of, 153

Br rookly n Art Guild, 128

Brooklyn eau Library, 72
ng

Brooklyn Tra School for
a acne rs, ie
Brower, Hon. George V., 129
Brush, Hon. George W., 114
Building, additional, 26
Bulbs, Holland, 5
Bureau of Plant Industry, 43
Burrill, Prot. Dedpeis6
Camp Fire Girls, 58
Caparn, Mr. H. A. 54, 87
Cards, printed, 79
Cheney, Mrs. Janet D., 19
hildren, courses for, I
ectures for, 3
Children’s Building, contract
awarded, 124
Children’s garden exhibit, annua!.

40, 14
Children’s gardening, 6
Children’s gardens, 124

Jo hn Lewis, 67
elses ates n’s, 63

I
Collections, evergreen, 140

Conferences for teachers, II
Conover, Miss Lula, 128

, 27828
ere with lo schools, 590
Ge rner stone, III,
Coppens ee new issue of, 48,
00, 07,

Cox ae ne Ge.
igi Ae mo 58, 120
Curtis, oa Ra Iph W., I51
yeads, Australian, 37

Cycas media, 37

Davies, H. J., 153
7

pa vecn IMG Ye dteys aise

a & De Paolo, a
Dieter: of the Garden, Mile. 1)
Doctorates, 15

Donors, 1915, 79

Economic house, popularity of,

3)
ee instruction, curator of,

Eiliott Miss Charlotte, 151
. Mr. John, 151

Estimate and Apportionment,
Board of, 29
Seely Has ning ac
g ‘itl i ean a
tit
sutneeation of corporate

tock, 97
form of contract for com-
ple of buildings, 105
eahedules modification of,

g2
specifications for Labora-
t Building, etc., 102
transfers, 94
walks, construction of, 90
corporate stock Budget
Committee report, 96
Evergreen @ailections “What the
Wi 1916 to the

arden,
Eves, Miss Henha M., 114

Fence, new, 31
Fern garden, installation of, 154
Financial matters, 48

n

4
1a a Be
of the vicinity of oe Work,

o7
Florists’ Exchange, 127, 129
, 124
ee, Mr. Montague, ee 86, 128
Frymier & Hanna, 18, 30, 114
Fundamentals of ete 156
Fungi, 117
Furniture, library, 76

Gavere Dr (. Sittant. 10, 87. 112)
114, 153, 156

Gallup, Niss 19

Garden Teachers Association of the
Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 20, 40,

AGT
Gardening force, 53

158

Gardeners’ Chronicle of America,

Garwood, Dean, 118
Gates, 32

Bigelow’s Florula Bostoniensis,
I

Bane eee Morse,

y Cla EAR ny EO
Mocs Chub of FE. S, 47128
Parents’ Club of Emmanuel

Parkinson’s Paradisi in Sole
aradisus Terrestris, 130
plants, ae
specimens, I24
Girls’ Club, Brooklyn Botanic
Garden, 12
Governing Committee of the
anic Garden, 2
Graduates, organization of, 40
in he ervice, success of

40
Graduation, 15

Tui Mr. Tho pee:

Gungenen Dr. Alfred L., 56, 128

Gunnison, Mr. Herbert F., 129

eu Prof. John W., 153

Healy, A. Augustus, 111

Heller, A. A., 56

Herbarium, 1 12, 38
crytog on

CHAnee came 56

Pullin Mir J) ens

aioe Pro

ee a Bacierialoneale Labora-

Hotland ive experiment with,

Hom me gar cones assistance in, 60
Honeysuckle, swamp, 4I

Hornaday, Dr. ee = 127
Bimn, Ma C.2Bs, 118}

et shrine,

Ingersoll, Hon ue Ve5 120

Teepe sprin

Institute, reorganization of, 47
58

9
report on elementary, 61
Instructor, 39

159

Investigation, 8, 41
of, 2

Japanese culate 20, 33, 128, 129
formal 33

K., 34
photographing restricted, 34
Shiot , 34

John eae Ties ee. 70

- Kolsh, Mr. Herman, 53

Kunkel, Dr, Louis Otto, 129

Labelin

Faboratory assistant, 30

Langley 118

Leaflet

Lectures Visastis by members of
ing 1915, 88

Librarian, 3

ort of, for 1915, 68

37, 131
Literature, "Experiment Station, - 73
Local flora studies, 41

McCallum, John, 5
McClellan, Mane eorge M., 21
cKim, ad & White, 114
Macrozamia Moorei, 37
Spira

, municipal appropria-
9

Missouri Beenieal tee 156
Miyake, Prof. 34

Monterey Tree Growing Se: 152
Mothers’ Club of P. S. 128
Mott Iron Wore, lees ee

Nally, C.,
ae
ociety, 127
National Nature Study Association,
12)

19, 30 :
Educators Conservation

New York section of, 19
Needs of the Garden, 4

Nursery and “experimental plot, 49

Objects deposited in the corner-
stone, list of, 116

Olive, Dr. Edg ar W 68, II4, 122

Oliver, Mr. EF

Pe ensions, service, 49

iba breeding, 43
r of, 39
Peeenene 3
Plasmodiophora,
oe, Mr. Wilson
Porto Rico, report on fe to, 117
Post cards, souvenir, 20

uit

9
Pratt Institute, Art "Alumni Asso-
cia ion Oo

Prendergast, Siow, William A., 27,
28

Hvar funds, 48
Prospe t Park, Be el building

Prospectus, 4

ee obligation to, 22
Vay s of serving, 22

Publications
se

Z
of Treabere of staff during
1915, 86

Rankin, Dr. W. H., 44, 123
6

Reed, Prof. Ge eorge M., 15

Report on tee to Porto Ree 117
es

Research. Bs, nt, I51

Research fellowship, establishment

of, 44
Resident investigator, 156
Soe oe nd Hori eitee So-
Pi onen viscosum, AI
Ro - garden, plans for, 34

onstruction of, 12

Racin 5 BY/
ee Drea se S. F., 70
Rusts, 117

Sabbatical year,

ap ie Ageicuttaral College, 60
Schoo
School aaa ei the Garden,
School of Horticulture for Wo

160

merge, 10

operation with, 30, 50, 6
Seisenhe ech: Mrs. Jo Hines)s,20; ae
Seed list,

ny packets of, 40, 126
Sie EMies Ellen Eddy, = 61, 87,
127, 129, I51
4

Specimens, gift of, 124
Spongospora, 129
Stanf University Arboretum,
I
Statements, financial, 1915; 82
Stevenson, Mr. J. A., 119
toll, Mr. Frank, 39, 50, 155
Stone, Prof. George E., 151
Strachan, Miss Grace, 155
Streeter, Miss Ha G., 43
=i nd ee material, 60

6
Systematic RSieeiae, plan of, 156

Talks at schools, 59
to school classes at the Botanic
n,
Norman, 41, 57, 87,
Teachers,
of i tdean's gardening, 4
instruction for, 68
Beas Pete te work, coopera-
tion a ae in, 155
Teta Or. “HL,

Tikiob, Miss Katherine, 7
Tokio, Japan, Imperial Agricul-
tural Expewent Station, I9
toc Directo
Trip to Porto me report on, I17
Trustees, Board of, 29
Turnstiles, Bo

Underwood, Mr. J. T., 70
United States Department of Agri-
culture,

Walks, Beh) I
repair old,
Washington ay High School,
Were Propeehiy alia
Wis Mr. Alfred ace za 38. i

White, Dr. O. E., 43,
Wi

88,
flower SIE ae Santee

, 69
Winter of 1916 did to the Garden
Evergreen Collections, What the,

Wemae Auxiliary, 50
Woman and Garden As-

sociation,

Village improve-
ment society of, 12
Woodward and the Brooklyn Gar-
den, Colonel, 1

Yaweger, Mrs. John Francis, 19

: "BROOKLYN: BOTANIC GARDEN ee, ee
RECORD, Established jandaey: 1912. Aitjauninieeeatiie periodteal, issued quartel ly.
“Contains, among other things, the annual report of the director and heads on ‘epi
ments, special reports, announcem: ents of. courses of ‘instruction, ‘miscellaneous papers,
and notes comcerning Garden a and events. ites to members of oe Gar den

ee TIONS. » Papers originally published in el rc
re reissued as “ Sept without change of paging, and numbered onastaiwell
"series includes occasional papers, as well as those embodying the r esults of research
done at the Garden, or by members of its staff or studen nts. Tay rire numbers con-
"stitute one volume. Price 25, cents each, $5.00 a volume. ae
‘i ee ‘The educational work of botanic gardens. 13 pages. z 191. Be
2. The purpose of an introductory course in botany. 8 pages. : sort. oa
3. 3 Cryptomeric inheritance i im Onagra. 11 pages, figs. 25 ; plates 2. ae
es ae On the Hci and Present distribution of | the yg lin of New Hersey. 15.
a pages, figs. 2. 19IZ

BEN : sp Inge be Po ‘Solin Sabon: 10. pages. figs. 6 Sie 1912.
5 «6; Interiningling of perennial sporophytic and Seton generations in Puccinia
Podophylii, Pa obtegens and Uromyces Glycyrrhiza ‘15 pages, I plate. 1913. j
ie a Studies of teratological phenomena i in their pina to evolution and the probleme:
oF heredity. 1 A ee of certain: | floral abnormalities in ee etc. 14 pages,
2 figs. 4. in 4.

Bee periodicals, é
This

aehyaas Som obs eruniions on ae Sain of t ie cpa : d is. development of :
ee mirabilis 2 Fee and oy feniauties see Ro th. 5 Pages, 2 ge
cS Vs T he ea

se res, Endemism i in the flora t the oe of New be 10 pages. Sige eas
el The origin of new varieties of Neshealens by. orthodapate awe I. Pro-
E gressive variations. 28 pages, 6 plates. 1916. . zt
Re 14. A white cedar swamp at Merrick, eon! Island, and its « sipnifeonce aK) ‘pases,
s : ‘Plates. 1916. :
Apis hte status of the problem of the effect oe radium rays on ‘lon life 8
Me ee pea
a. CUIDES ‘to the coletions, buildings, and grounds. Price ‘ased. ‘pon “cost of ae
Publication. ici
2 LEAR LETS. Exabised April 10, esas Sad publistce re or. - biweelely dining: q
April, ‘May, June, Septe mber, a F and October. The e purpose of the Leaflets i is ‘primaril;
2. 8to give e anno aatehesn concerning flowering and other plant activities to be seen in th
ee Garden 1 near the date of issue, and to give ‘popular, elementary information about plant
- life for teachers and others. Current numbers free to. all who wish them. Back series
3 complete, 50 cents each; back numbers, 5 cae eo oe
- SEED LI sued |

ach y' ay

_ AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY. Established ne iota. Published, in
= co ooperation with the Boranicat Socrety or America, monthly, except during August.
and September - Subscription Some to members of the Botanical Society of Anes

a oe a year to all others $4.00 a y