RAs Ee at San Q at SH a! YORE es ESE eer antages Offered to : TUT! : OF oy THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN RECORD VoL. XI January, 1922 No. 1 RROSPECTUS, 1922 I. COOPERATION WITH LOCAL SCHOOLS The Brooklyn Botanic Garden aims to cooperate in every practi- cable way with the public and private schools of Greater New York on all matters relating to the study of plants. The purpose of the Garden in this connection is to supplement and enrich the school work in the way of instruction, demonstration, study, material, etc., which would not otherwise be available. | A. Talks at Schools.—The principals of public or private schools may arrange to have lantern talks given at the schools on various topics related to nature study, such as garden work with children, tree planting, and Arbor Day. If an illustrated lecture is desired, the lantern and operator must be provided by the school, but slides will be furnished by the Botanic Garden. Address the Curator of Elementary Instruction for list of talks and for appointments. B. School Classes at the Garden—(a) Schools not provided with a stereopticon may arrange for classes, accompanied by their teachers, to come to the Botanic Garden for lectures either by the teacher or by a member of the Garden Staff. (b) Notice of such a visit should be sent at least one week previous to the date on which a talk is desired. These talks will be illustrated by lantern slides, and by the conservatory collection of useful plants from the tropics and subtropics. Spring and fall announcements of topics will be issued during 1922. 1 (c) The Garden equipment, including greenhouse, plant mate- rial, lecture room, lantern, and slides, is at the disposal of teachers who desire to instruct their own classes at the Garden. Arrange- ments must be made in advance with the Curator of Elementary Instruction, so that such work will not conflict with other classes and lectures. (d) The principal of any elementary or high school in Brooklyn may arrange also for a series of six lessons on plant culture to be given during the fall or spring to a class. These lessons will be worked out for the most part in the greenhouse. Such a course must be arranged for in advance, and the class must be accom- panied by its teacher. Adapted for pupils above the fourth grade. C. Home Gardening.— pages, . oblem of the effect PF radia rays. on Plant life 8 ow poe i: pages, fg. I. 1017. Ray 8 dae Rico. 9 Pages, 3 plates. 1917. Pisum. on 1. re brasent state o of broad of heredity 1917. ; m. Me The inheritance of height in x Peas. ez. pages, : 3. ane ae le , purpose of aes To others, pe cents ings, and | grounds Pri ic Contalts among other t things, the Annual Report of the directors and heads of depart- ments, special reports, announcements of courses of instruction, miscellaneous papers, and notes concerning Garden progress and events. (Free to ‘members of the ee ae others one dollar a year; 25 cents a copy. is et EMOIRS. Established, July, 1918, Published feveatlariy Volume 1: Dedicatio ay ne ‘Papers: comprising scientific papers. presented at the dedication of the laboratory bil ing, and plant houses, April 19-21, 1917. Price $3.50, plus Postage. — : He ee CONTRIBUTIONS. Papers. originally published i in botanical or r other peri iodi icals, _ feissued as “ separates,” without change of paging, and numbered consecutively. This series includes occasional papers, ‘as well as those embodying the results of research . done at the Garden, or by members of its staff or students. ene bre numbers eon oe stitute one volume. Price 25 cents each, $5.00 a volume. — oe. 15. Present status oe the problem of the effect of radium rays on plant life. 8 pages. I016. ce 16. Flora of the vicinity of New York. 6 pages, fig. I. 1917. les oe 7. Endophyllum-like rusts: of Porto Rico. 9 pages, 3 plates. 1017. 18. Inheritance of endosperm color in maize. I1 pages. 1917. nent 10. Studies of inheritance in Pisum. ibe The present state 4 knowledae of heredity ele “und variation in peas. 102 pages. 1917. “ _ 20, Inheritance studies in Pisum. Il. The inheritance of height in peas. 7 pages fig. 1. 1 18, ae . 21. A sketch of aed classification he Theophrastus to the present 16 pages. rae T918, Wey 22. A Basis for reconstructing botanical education. 6. pages. 1919. 23. Plant families: a plea for an international sequence. 9 pages. 1920. Se 24. Plants and animals of M. ount Marcy, New York. 69 pages, 1 plate, 22 iN 1920, io 25. Endemism in the Bahama flora. 10 pages, fig. 1, 1921. yh tne 26. Plant composition and soil acidity of a Maine bog. 4. pages. “t021. Fe LEAFLETS. Established, Apr il 10, 1913. Published weekly or: biweekly dine : April, May, June, September, a Octo ber The pupae of the Leaflets is primarily 1 eee to be seen in th y info GUIDES to ah collections, buildings, and grounds. Price ‘hazed upon cost of he _ publication, — 28 Ae SEED LIST. Issued in Deceniber of each y seeane eae : AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY. maine ies 1914. Published, in ae cooperation with the BoTANICAL SocreTy oF AMERICA, pegs percent during oe a and September. Subscription, $6.00 a year, ECOLOGY. ‘Established, January, 1920. Published guarerty in cooperation with the EcotocicaL Society oF AMERICA. Subscription, $3.00 a ot eS Established, pemaey) HON: Biren “Subseion $6.00 a year. THE NEED FOR ADDITIONAL ENDOWMENT “ The enthusiasm of a few may initiate an institution; but law, privilege, organization, and endowment:can alone make it endure.” The quotation is from Laurie’s The rise and early constitution of unsversities. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden was initiated by the enthusiasm of a few, and it has had the advantage of favorable law, privilege, and organization. The few who initiated it have continued their enthusiasm and have given their constant and sub- stantial support, but the rapid development of the Garden, and the broad lines along which this development is projected, and is being gradually carried out, have increased our needs for private funds greatly beyond our present income. An increase of $500,000 in endowment is urgently needed to meet present needs and establish present activities on a permanent basis. Ultimately this amount must be increased in order to make possible the realization of adopted plans. : FORMS OF BEQUEST TO THE BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN Form of Bequest for General Purposes I hereby give, devise and bequeath to ae Brooklyn a of Arts and Setences, Brooklyn). N, Y>, the stim of... ...00.,/.% ars, the in- come from which said sum to be used ee a ees and scientific work of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Form of Bequest for a Curatorship ereby give, devise, and ies to The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Be Brooklyn, N. Y., the OLY a. eee Dollars, as an en- dowment for a curatorship in tiie piGekisn Botanic Garden, the income from which sum is to be used each year towards the payment of the salary of a curator in said Botanic Garden, to be known as the (here may be inserted the name of the donor or other person) curatorship. Form of Bequest for a Fellowship T hereby give, devise, and bequeath to The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn, N. Y., the sum of............ Dollars, the income from which sum is to be Gscd in the payment of a fellowship for ad- vanced botanical investigation in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, to be EOWNeAR Te meter k yy | oe tg ellowship, Form of Bequest for other particular purposes designated by the testator I hereby give, devise, and _peducash to The Brooklyn wee of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn, N. Y., the sum of............ Dollars, to be used (or the income from which Ae be used) for the Brooklyn Botatic Gar- STS po Ptee oS ca dlc heap A OMMOA Ss Vays Rico int Gy dues’ Jan, | 2, Ren fe ea a ee anges a8 ee aN Na ees a ee ea nne Leaeieitis st std! bees say © .etiei ne 5c) -ae) eS. sere ete Lise eeaaediodet s: ce) it Cae et tek *The Pe ae additional purposes are suggested for which endow- ment is needed. The beautifying of the grounds, The purchase of publications for the library Publishing the results of botanical investigations. opular botanical publication. e ent of a lectureship, or a lecture course. . Botanical illustration for publications and lectures. The purchase or collection of plants. Saw ED A INFORMATION: CONCERNING. MEMBERSHIP The Brooklyn Slane of Arts and Sciences is organized in four main departments: 1. The Department of Education. 2. The Museums. 3. The Boa Garden. 4. The Biological Lab- oratory. Any of the following seven classes of membership may be taken out through the Botanic Garden: Tee MIMUAlemMennbers.c 0s. 2. Oe ah bees $ 10 BO Uotauinit Oe MeMYEDs... + ch sss eee oe 25 Bo ILC eatin oy ges a ee Re Si 500 Mee mciimMateicetielpen ca... fesse. 2,500 5. IDYOyoKOsF 25 Raa Se nen 10,000 (Gyo: ARENT 4.0 aaa re 25,000 RMS CIGEAGLOGE ae syste sis fea. ws ots ee 100,000 Sustaining members are annual members with full privileges in Departments one to three. Membership in classes two to seven carries full privileges in Departments one to three. In addition to opportunities afforded to members of the Botanic Garden for public service through cooperating in its development, and helping to further its aims to advance and diffuse a knowledge and love of plants, to help preserve our native wild flowers, and to afford additional and much needed educational advantages in Brooklyn and Greater New York, members may also enjoy the privileges indicated on the following page. Further information concerning membership may be had by addressing The Director, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y., or by personal conference by appointment. Telephone, 6173 Prospect. bo ee aN an 6 Lal °° PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERSHIP . Free admission to the buildings and grounds at all times. Cards of admission for self and friends to all exhibitions and openings preceding the admission of the general public, and to receptions. Services of docent (by appointment), for self and party, when visiting the Garden. . Admission to all lectures under Garden auspices, at the Garden or elsewhere. Special lectures and classes for the children of members. . Copies of Garden publications, as follows: a. Record b. Guides c. Leaflets d. Contributions Privileges of the Library and Herbarium. Expert advice on the choice and care of plants, indoors and out, on planting the home grounds, the care of lawns, and the treatment of plants affected by insects and fungous pests. . Identification of botanical specimens. Admission to all field trips, and other scientific meetings under Garden auspices. OBJECTS OF THE BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN “For the collection and culture of plants, flowers, shrubs and trees, the advancement of botanical science and knowledge, and the prosecution of original researches therein and in kindred subjects; for affording instruction in the same, and for the prosecution and exhibition of ornamental and decorative horticulture and garden- ing, and for the entertainment, recreation and instruction of the people.” From the Act of May 18, 1897, providing for the estab- lishment of the Brooklyn Botansc Garden, Laws of New York, 1897, Chapter 509. THE BOTANIC GARDEN AND THE CITY The Brooktyn Botanic GARDEN, established in 1910, is a De- partment of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. It 1s supported in part by municipal appropriations, and in part by private funds, including income from endowment, membership | dues, and special contributions. Its articulation with the City is through the Department of Parks. The City owns the land devoted to Garden purposes, builds, lights, and heats the buildings, and keeps them in repair, and in- cludes in its annual tax budget an appropriation for maintenance. One third of the cost of the present buildings was met from pri- vate funds. Appointments to all positions are made by the director of the Garden, with the approval of the Botanic Garden Governing Com- mittee, and all authorized expenditures for maintenance are made in the name of the private organization, from funds advanced by the Institute, which, in turn, is reimbursed from time to time by the City, within the limits, and according to the terms, of the annual appropriation. By terms of a written Agreement, dated August 17, 1914,* be- tween the City of New York and the Institute, touching the Botanic Garden, all plants must be purchased with private funds. In addi- tion to this, it has been the practice of the Garden to purchase all books for the library, all specimens for the herbarium, all lantern slides, and numerous other items, and to pay certain salaries, with private funds. | The needs of the Garden for private funds for all these purposes are more than twice as great as the present income from endow- ment, membership dues, and special contributions. The director of the Garden will be glad to give full information as to possible uses of such funds to any who may be interested. * This Agreement, published in full in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden Record, for April, 1915, amends the agreement of September 9, rgr2, which amends the original agreement of September 28, 1900, published in the Record for January, 1912. ELEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN 1921 Fic. 1. Victoria Cruziana in bloom, September 10, 1921, in the tropical lily pool of the conservatory garden, a eift from Mr. Alfred T. White. THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN RECORD VoL. XI April, 1922 No. 2 BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN, EO2m REPORT-OF THE DIREGROR To THE GOVERNING COMMITTEE OF THE BOTANIC GARDEN: I have the honor to present herewith the eleventh annual report of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Losses and Gains The year 1921 has been one of great losses and of substantial gains. On January 29 the man who, more than any other one person, made the Brooklyn Botanic Garden possible, Mr. Alfred T. White, met his death by drowning while skating on Forest Lake, near Central Valley, N.Y. The Botanic Garden Recorp for July, 1921, was a memorial number to Mr. White, and it will not be essential to repeat here the details there set forth. Only two days before his death Mr. White was in conference with other members of the Botanic Garden Governing Committee, the director, and the consulting landscape architect, concerning the development of the north addition, between the Brooklyn Museum and Mt. Prospect reservoir. He was not destined to see the plans then approved carried into execution, but the work was well along toward com- pletion when winter weather compelled a temporary cessation to the operations. 25 26 It was Mr. White who secured, in 1909, the initial endowment of $50,000 required by the City of New York as a condition for entering into the cooperative agreement for the establishment and maintenance of the Garden on park lands of the city. In a sim- ilar manner he gave in part, and secured from others, in I9QI5, the fund of $100,000 which resulted in the appropriation of a like amount by the city for the completion of our laboratory and administration building. This was just prior to the entrance of the United States into the World War, and, as a consequence, at the beginning of a series of lean years’ for the city. It is almost certain that but for this munificent gift we should still be without our completed building, and the rapid expansion of our work since 1917, which the building made possible, would still be only an unrealized hope. Mr. White’s conception of the significance and value of the Botanic Garden to Brooklyn indicates, at one and the same time, his active interest in the city and in science and education. This conception is admirably expressed in a letter which he sent to the director to be read on the occasion of the visit to the Botanic Gar- den of the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce on June 5, 1920.* The letter read, in part, as follows: “T am very sorry that I shall not be present tomorrow afternoon to extend a greeting to my many friends of the Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce, who I hope will gather at the Botanic Garden. “ And I regret to lose this opportunity to say to a select body of fellow citizens something of the relation which the Botanic Garden stands in to the community. It has been our good fortune, within the last few years, to bring into public use and enjoyment forty acres of land owned by the city which had lain practically waste for fifty years, but a still greater good seems to me to be achieved in educating the taste of thousands of school children and adults in lines destined to make our city and borough more beautiful, and in developing the taste for the study of nature in many of its forms. “The eagerness of the community, young and old, to make use * Owing to an unusually severe storm the attendance at this es was so small that the formal exercises were dispensed with, and the lette above quoted was, therefore, not read. more successful meeting of i Chamber of Commerce was held in 1921. » 27 of the opportunity which has been thus opened has been greater than I dared to anticipate. As a new avenue of civic service, it seems to me that the Garden has obtained results which it will be difficult for our friends to grasp in a brief hour, but I trust that enough impression will be made on the members of the Chamber of Commerce to induce them and their fellow members to visit the different departments of the Garden work from time to time and feel that they have a share in the further development of the work, -and in the satisfaction which a better zie a(siabmicnatet with it will surely bring to them.” The Japanese garden and the conservatory plaza and lily pools (the latter still incomplete) were Mr. White’s gifts. But his value to the Botanic Garden was far beyond the measure of his material contributions. He was as interested in the development of the Garden as a scientific institution—in botanical research and the publication of the results thereof—as in all that tended to make the Garden of value to the local community, educationally, aestheti- cally, and socially. His sustained and intelligent active interest, increasing year by year, his counsel and advice, and his fruitful suggestions of lines of development were a constant bulwark and encouragement to the director. Our sense of loss at his going has only increased with the passing months. His place in the history of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden was unique, his loss irreplaceable. Next to Mr. White, the man who was most actively interested in the establishment and early development of the Garden was A. Augustus Healy, for twenty-five years president of the Board of Trustees of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences and, since the establishment of the Garden, a member of the Botanic Garden Governing Committee. Mr. Healy’s primary interest was in art, but the major interest of his life, embracing all other in- terests, was the Brooklyn Institute, and all that concerned its welfare and usefulness; he was broad enough to appreciate and to encourage and take an active part in the development of the Institute along scientific as well as other lines. He gave gener- ously of his time, his influence, and his funds. No greater loss could have come to the Botanic Garden than the passing of both Mr. White and Mr. Healy within a period of less than one year. 28 But, turning to the brighter side, it is a great pleasure briefly to note here the year’s blessings and gains. Chief among these are new friends, a deepening and more active interest of old friends, larger opportunities for usefulness, increasing evidence of the need of a botanic garden in Brooklyn, and a substantial, though not large, increase in our resources. At the March meeting of the Board of Trustees the president announced the appointment, as chairman of the Botanic Garden Governing Committee, of Mr. Frank Bailey, a member of the com- mittee since June, 1920. For several years Mr. Bailey’s main avocation has been horticulture, and for this, as well as for other reasons, the Garden is to be congratulated on this appointment. n 1921, for the first time, the Board of Trustees adopted the definite policy of electing women to membership on the Board; as a result, the Botanic Garden Governing Committee has been strengthened by the appointment to membership on the committee of Miss Hilda Loines and Mrs. Lewis W. Francis. On April 28, 1921, Miss Loines was also elected chairman of the Woman’s Auxiliary. Public Response The true indication of the extent to which an institution is meet- ing any real public need is the response of the community to the opportunities it affords and the increase of this response from year to year. The attendance figures for the Garden are given in detail in the appended report of the curator of public instruction (p. 56). The total general attendance, based upon the records of registering turnstiles at the entrance gates, was nearly 405,000, as against 12,500 last year. The total attendance of adults and children at classes and lectures was over 63,100, as against 54,700 in 1921, an increase of over 15 per cent. The number of requests by telephone, mail, and in person for information and advice on matters pertaining to various phases of plant life—wild flowers, gardening, care of house plants and of trees and shrubs, of lawns and streets—has steadily increased, and has now reached a point where it would be difficult to meet any larger demands. Our popular Leaflets continue to increase in popularity and in circulation. Investigations Plant Pathology.—The White fund for research in plant pathol- ogy first became available on January 1, 1921 (see P. 44, infra), and the appointment of Dr. George M. Reed as curator of plant pathology, beginning January first, will be noted elsewhere in this report. . Dr. Reed’s investigations, now under way, have to do with the general question of disease resistance, and have been planned to include such problems as the following: 1. The determination of the presence or absence of resistance in particular hosts to certain parasites. he influence of external conditions upon resistance and sus- ceptibility of hosts to particular parasites. 3. The possible physiological specialization of parasites. 4. The essential nature of disease resistance. 5. The inheritance of the disease-resistant quality. In the investigations it is planned to use whatever suitable mate- rial is available for such studies. During the past year the experi- ments carried out have had to do with certain cereal smuts. In- vestigations have been conducted with these forms for a number of years, and some phases of the work have been continued. A large number of varieties of sorghums have been tested to determine their behavior toward the kernel smut, in continuation of previous work. Certain varieties, as the milos and feterita, have shown marked resistance to this disease. The kafirs, sorgos, and durras tested have proved to be quite susceptible. Among the kaoliangs, Dwarf Brown Kaoliang has again shown freedom from the smut. -A large number of varieties of oats has been included in the field tests with both the loose and covered smut of oats. In gen- eral, varieties that have formerly proved to be resistant have con- tinued to manifest their resistance during the past season and susceptible varieties have again shown marked susceptibility. The varieties in general respond similarly toward the loose and covered smuts. In the greenhouse, where the conditions are particularly favorable for smut infections, certain resistant varieties have been subjected to severe tests. Most of these have remained free from the smut, indicating a high degree of resistance even when condi- tions for infection are as favorable as possible. 30 Smut experiments have also been conducted with the smut of Proso millet and the smut of Foxtail millet. A few varieties of each of these groups of millets have been tested. For the most part they have proved highly susceptible to their respective smut. Mr. James A. Faris, whose appointment in November as Re- search Fellow is noted elsewhere in this report, is engaged upon the problem of determining the influence of temperature and soil moisture upon the infection of the host by certain smuts. So far he has been largely engaged in getting together the necessary equip- ment for a successful attack upon this problem. Fic. 2. Mr. Alfred T...White. (at the left), making his address after having laid the corner stone of the Laboratory Building, April 20, 1916. At the right of Mr. White is Mr. A. Augustus Healy, whose address fol- lowed that of Mr. White. During the past year Miss Dorothy P. Tuthill has taken a course in general myeology and plant pathology, and has studied, from the laboratory standpoint, representatives of the main groups of fungi, 3] including the forms which are particularly important as causes of disease. She has started on a special problem dealing with the diseases of ornamental plants, studying in the laboratory the causal organisms of disease in these plants, and doing bibliographical work with special reference to the description of the organism, the path- ological effects on the hosts, and recommended methods of control. Miss Tuthill is registered at New York University, and the work here is being done under the terms of the cooperative agreement between the University and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, as stated on page 18 of the Botanic Garden Recorp for January, 1921. On November 25, Dr. Perley Spaulding, pathologist, Laboratory of Forest Pathology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, called at the Garden and secured cuttings of five species of currant (Ribes petracum, luridum, robustum, irriguum, and alpestre commune). The shrubs propagated from these cuttings will be used by Dr. Spaulding in his investigations on the destructive white pine blister- rust disease. Ecology—Mr. Taylor, curator of plants and plantations, has continued his studies of the environmental relations of plants on Long Island and elsewhere. This has included the taking of at- mometer (evaporimeter) records during the year at various Long Island stations, extending from Brooklyn to Montauk, and at North Haven, Conn. A study of Long Island soils has also been initiated in coopera- tion with the U. S. Department of Agriculture, for the purpose of ascertaining the role of the soil as a causal factor in the distribution of the vegetation of the Island. | Studies of soil acidity and plant succession have also been carried on in cooperation with Major Barrington Moore, as part of a com- prehensive study of the phytogeography and ecology of Mt. Desert Island, Maine. Genetics.—Dr. White’s genetic studies with peas (Pisum) were continued at the Garden until June 1, when he sailed with the Mulford Expedition for the biological exploration of the Amazon basin, as the joint representative of the Botanic Garden and Har- vard University. His cultures were cared for and records taken by his assistant, Miss Francena Meyer, until September 1. Among other matters, Dr. White, while in the Amazon basin, will give 32 special attention to new plant material likely to prove of interest or value for studies in plant breeding. During 1921, Dr. Ralph C. Benedict, resident investigator, has continued his investigations in connection with variation in the fern genus Nephrolepis, particularly with respect to the cultivated form known as the Boston Fern. In this connection, he has completed, for publication, a second paper on “ The Origin of New Varieties of Nephrolepis by Orthogenetic Saltation, II. Regressive Varia- tion, etc.,”. which will appear in the March issue of the American Journal of Botany, and as Contribution No. 27 of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. A second type of related work was represented in the prepara- tion, during August and September, of an exhibit of Nephrolepis varieties which were entered, together with a considerable number of ferns of other genera from the general collection of the Botanic Garden, at the annual Fern Show of the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society, held in Boston, September 22-25, 1921. Together with the ferns, a large wall chart, summarizing the variation of Nephrolepis, was sent for exhibition. An eight-page pamphlet was prepared which the Massachusetts Horticultural Society had printed for free distribution at the show, and a lecture, illustrated by over 50 lantern slides, mostly representing the Brooklyn Botanic Garden collections, was delivered at Horticultural Hall, Boston, September 24. The exhibit was installed at Boston by Mr. Free and Dr. Benedict on September 21. Special plans for labeling the collection of living ferns, for ob- taining the cooperation of horticultural publications, and for the exchange of herbarium material with the U. S. National Museum, and with Dr. Liberty Hyde Bailey, were also carried out. During the spring and early summer experiments were begun by the director of the Garden to ascertain the possibility, or otherwise, of altering inheritance by exposing the germ-cells of plants to the rays from radium emanation. Significant positive results were obtained, pointing the way to further lines of investigation, but more definite announcement is reserved until the work has been carried beyond the preliminary stage. Grateful acknowledgment is here made to the authorities of the Memorial Hospital, New 33 York City, and especially to Dr. Halsey J. Bagg, for supplying the radium preparations for this work. - Cooperation with Schools Attendance.—During the year 470 teachers brought nearly 2,000 pupils to the Garden for lectures and class instruction and to view the collections in conservatories and grounds. This was an in- crease of nearly 2,000 over 1920. Distribution of Potted Plants—Special attention is here called to the distribution of potted plants to schools, as noted in the report of the curator of elementary instruction (p. 62). Every school class that visits the Garden for instruction now receives a potted plant to take back to the schoolroom. During 1921 over 1,500 plants were thus distributed, and all of them were raised by the boys and girls in our children’s greenhouse, as a by-product of their instruction in plant propagation. Study matertal has been supplied to high schools when requested, and 358 Petri dishes have been filled with sterile culture media for use in connection with the study of germs. Seed Packets—There is a steadily increasing demand for packets of seeds for home planting by school children. In 1921, 130,890 packets were sold—an increase of 2,350 over 1920. Public Instruction Courses and Registration.—Thirty-seven courses of public in- struction were offered during the year, in addition to our coopera- tive work with the schools, the school for gardeners, the children’s garden, and the educational work carried on in connection with our plantations, conservatories, herbarium, and library. Of these courses, 10 were for children, 10 for teachers, 9 for the general public (adults), and 8 for advanced students, including research. e total number registered in all classes was 3,537. Public Lectures.—Up to the present the giving of public lectures for adults has been a rather incidental feature of our educational work. Four lectures were given last April, free to the public, with a total attendance of 960. The attendance at lectures to children was 11,637. It is anticipated that this activity will be organized on a larger scale in 1922. o4 Syllabs of Lectures to Children —The Brooklyn Botanic Garden believes that lecturing to large audiences of children yields smaller educational results than many other methods of instruction. This is specially true if the lecture is not followed up by class-room in- struction in small groups. In order to facilitate and to help insure this follow-up work in the schools we have inaugurated the plan of giving to every pupil and teacher a printed syllabus of each pub- lic lecture. Syllabus No. 1, for example, is on the subject of Rubber. The children are first taken into the conservatory to see living specimens of the various plants that yield rubber, including the Brazilian rubber tree, Hevea braziliensis; then the illustrated lecture is given, at the close of which the syllabus is distributed. The main facts presented in the lecture are thus made available in accurate and permanent form for review and for reference and study in the schoolroom. In this way more lasting and more sub- stantial results are obtained by the lecture. Syllabi are in process of preparation on all the lectures given at. the Garden to children. Loan Lectures—VThe curator of public instruction has called attention, in his appended report, to the inauguration of a system of loaning lantern slides to schools. The slides are arranged in groups on different subjects, and each set, in a neat leather case, is accompanied by a full outline of the lecture for the use of the teacher. School for Gardeners During the year ten new students registered in the course for the training of gardeners. These men all came through the United States Veterans Bureau, formerly the Federal Board for Voca- tional Education. At the close of the year there were six men in attendance. Six were dropped for lack of qualifications to con- tinue, all new men being registered on trial. Four of the men completed their two years of resident training, and all of them secured at once good places with attractive salaries. One of our graduates stood sixth on the list of civil-service candidates for a position as gardener in Prospect Park, having been in competition in the examination with men of 15-20 years of practical experi- ence. One man was taken on here at the Botanic Garden and the others are on private places. lic, 3. View, April 28, 1921, in the Japanese Garden, a gift of Mr. Alfred T. White in IQI5. new faggot fence and new wooden jantern. Showing 36 Special Exhibitions Award of Gold Medal.—The Garden sent an educational exhibit of ferns to the “ Grand Exhibition of Tropical Ferns and Orchids,” held in Horticultural Hall, Boston, September 22-25, 1921, by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Our exhibit included 66 different varieties of the Boston fern (including several varieties which have originated at the Garden), and 42 different kinds of ferns not in the Boston fern group. These included 25 genera and 9 families, ranging from the small floating mosquito fern (Azolla) to large tropical land ferns. The total of 108 different forms gave the Garden third place in the number of kinds shown. Of this total 58 varieties were not shown by any other exhibitor. The Garden’s exhibit was not entered in a competitive class, but was sent as an educational exhibit only. The officers of the Horti- cultural Society expressed their appreciation of the broad-minded policy of the Garden in sending so extensive an exhibit to another city and even to another state, and awarded the Garden a special Gold Medal for the extent and excellence of its exhibit. Exhibit of Plant Immigrants and Natives—An exhibit of plant immigrants and natives, including both economic plants and wild flowers and trees, was held in the Laboratory Building, October 15-28, in cooperation with “America’s Making,” a festival and exhibit held during the latter part of October throughout Greater New York, under the auspices of the New York State and City departments of education. The attendance the first Sunday (Oc- tober 23) was, in four hours, over 1,500, and it was in considera- tion of this fact that the exhibit was continued through the follow- ing Sunday. The total attendance was over 5,600. At the close of the exhibit at the Garden it was sent, by request, to Bay Ridge High School (Brooklyn), where it was installed for several days by the department of biology of that school. Library The outstanding facts about the library are the unusual increase in the number of publications received and the steadily increasing number of readers. The number of readers has nearly doubled since 1918 and is nearly three times what it was in 1916, the last 37 year before our building was completed and the library went into its new quarters. Over 6,200 parts of publications were received during the year, 1,160 bound volumes, and 702 pamphlets—a total of 8,062 pieces. The number of current periodicals now being received is 529, and the total number of volumes and pamphlets, excluding duplicates, is 13,140. Herbarium The phanerogamic herbarium has increased by gift, exchange, and purchase by 9,088 specimens; 219 specimens have been sent in exchange. The gifts are acknowledged in Appendix I (p. 79). In my preceding report I noted the fact that the herbarium cases were then full to capacity, and that additional cases were needed properly to care for the new specimens that are continually coming in without active effort on our part. The accessions of 1921 have naturally made this need more acute. The appended report on the Cryptogamic Herbarium records the accession of 330 specimens of fungi by gift, purchase, exchange, and collection, and 50 specimens of mosses by purchase. Special attention is called to the need of extending this collection, especially along the lines of research work in progress at the Garden. Conservatories The attendance at the conservatories continues to increase, the number for 1921 (over 19,000) being nearly 5,500 in excess of 1920. The necessity of taking House No. 7 for plant-breeding cultures has greatly increased the congestion and restricted the number of species in the collection. The need for the new range of larger conservatories, which is a part of the original plan of the Garden, has now become very urgent. Plantations and Grounds North Addition—During the fall work was begun on the final grading of the north addition, lying between the Brooklyn Museum building and Mt. Prospect reservoir, and fronting on Eastern Parkway. This area, of about three acres, was added to the 38 Botanic Garden grounds in 1g12, but funds have not hitherto been available to develop the tract and make it an integral part of the Garden, beyond serving as an avenue of approach to the planted area. At the north end of the tract is the Eastern Parkway en- trance, only about 50 feet from the southeast exit of the new “Eastern Parkway-Brooklyn Museum” station of the Interbor- ough Subway. At this gate is registered the second largest num- ber of visitors of the five Garden entrances. With the restoration of Eastern Parkway (which was badly torn up during subway construction) this entrance will become increasingly important ; the area will be seen by the increasing number of passers-by on the Parkway, and it is now highly important to develop it and to make it one of the most beautiful parts of the Garden. In order to provide the most effective setting for the large museum building to the east, the planting will be confined to trees and shrubs. In connection with grading the reservoir embankment, about 400 holes were dug and filled with top soil. The work was brought to a close by the first snowfall of the season on Saturday, December 3, one month later than the close of outdoor work in 1920. Early Spring.—Vegetation began its spring awakening unusually early. Before March to buds of peony, magnolia, cherry, rose, lilac, and numerous other forms were bursting, and many herba- ceous perennials had appeared above the ground. Crocus (always early) was in blossom, and a shrub of the Chinese witch-hazel (Hamamelis mollis) was a beautiful object in full bloom during the week of March 7. Out-of-doors work began on March 21, and the regular mowing of the lawns began on the unusually early . date of April r. A New Garden Publication Under date of December 31 an agreement was entered into with the editorial board of the bi-monthly journal Genetics by which the Brooklyn Botanic Garden becomes the publisher of that jour- nal, beginning with the issue for January, 1922. This journal is a periodical record of investigations bearing on heredity and vari- ation, and its publication by the Garden is a very logical step, since the greater part of the research work now in progress at the Gar- den is in genetics, or closely related subjects. The present edi- 39 torial board of Genetics is made up as follows: Prof. William E. Castle, Harvard University; Prof. Edwin G. Conklin, Princeton University; Prof. Charles B. Davenport, Carnegie Institute of Washington; Prof. Bradley M. Davis, University of Michigan; Prof. Edward M. East, Harvard University; Prof. Rollins A. Emerson, Cornell University; Prof. Herbert S. Jennings, The Johns Hopkins University; Prof. Thomas H. Morgan, Columbia University; Prof. Raymond Pearl, The Johns Hopkins Univer- sity; and Prof. George H. Shull, Princeton University. The terms of the agreement are published as Appendix 6 of this report (pp. 89-91). New Appointments The appointment of Dr. George M. Reed, of the Office of Cereal Investigations, U. S. Department of Agriculture, as curator of plant pathology, on the White fund, was noted in my preceding Annual Report, and more fully in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden Recorp for January, 1921. Dr. Reed entered upon his duties on January I. The appointment of Dr. Arthur H. Graves as curator of public instruction, and of Miss Elsie Hammond as assistant curator of elementary instruction, was recorded with full data in the REcorp for October, 1921. Both appointments took effect on September T. The appointment of Mr. James A. Faris as Research Fellow in connection with the White fund for plant disease investigations will also be noted in detail in the Recorp for January, 1922, which will appear before this aoa is published. The appointment took effect November 15. Annual Spring Inspection The seventh annual spring inspection of the Garden by trustees, members, and invited guests was held on Tuesday, May 10. This was one of the most largely attended inspections in the history of the Garden, about 320 being present in the Auditorium at the exer- cises in recognition of the Tenth Anniversary of the establishment of the Garden and of the services of Mr. Alfred T. White in its foundation and development. Others came after the exercises in the auditorium were over. The weather was ideal and there were never before so many flowers in bloom at the time of the inspection. 40 Fic. 4. Rustic Torii erected in the Japanese Garden in May, 1921. The path leads to the Japanese Iris. The Japanese characters near the top signify, “Enter to the flowers.” 4] Finances Tax Budget Appropriation—tThe tax budget appropriation for maintenance was, for personal service, $71,241, as against $85,540 requested; and for other than personal service, $18,809.80, as against $21,825.61 requested; or a total appropriation of $g0,- 050.80, as against a total request of $107,365.61. The request was based on what the Botanic Garden Governing Committee felt was the least possible amount necessary to meet urgent needs. The difference between the amount requested and that appropriated ($17,314.81) was partially met by diverting about $15,420 of un- restricted private funds from the educational and scientific work for which they were originally intended. The unprovided re- mainder represents the extent to which the work of the Garden was still further curtailed and crippled. As soon as the Board of Estimate and Apportionment can see its way clear to meet the entire annual cost of maintenance, in harmony with the spirit of the agreement between the city and the Garden, this institution can at once begin to render a much larger service to this community, to education, and to science. Tax Notes—On June 13, 1919, the Board of Estimate and Ap- portionment was requested, through the Park Commissioner, to appropriate $10,000 in order to provide for an extension of the underground coal cellar of the Garden so as to carry it from the street fence line to the curbing on Washington Avenue and to con- nect it with the existing cellar. On July 18, 1919, the Board approved a resolution for the issue of Tax Notes in the sum of $5,000 to provide for the cost of the work, including $250 for the services of an inspector. When the bids were opened on March 4, 1920, the lowest bid was in the sum of $6,298. On May 7, 1920, the Board adopted the recommendation of its Committee on Fi- nance and Budget for approval of increased cost from $4,750 to $6,298. The original bidder declined to execute the contract awarded on May 27, 1920, at the price bid on March 4. Eventu- ally the plans and specifications were modified and simplified; the contract was readvertised and was let on June 9, 1921, to the low bidder, the Mott Haven Construction Co., 1050 Forest Avenue, Bronx. Work began on this contract on August 8 and was com- 42 pleted on October 21. The new work increases the capacity of our coal cellar by about 137 tons, to a total of about 430 tons for No. 1 buckwheat. This gives us a much larger factor of safety in the matter of being able to have enough coal on hand to tide over long periods of stormy weather in the winter, or other times when, for one reason or another, deliveries can not be made. A period of 26 months elapsed from the date when the first request for the appropriation was forwarded to the Board of Estimate and Ap- portionment to the date of beginning the work—over two years and four months to the completion of the work. Private Funds.—The total private funds income for the year was $34,726.01, an increase of $679.15 over 1920. Of this amount $19,230.46 represents income from permanent endowment, the re- mainder being derived from several fluctuating and more or less uncertain sources, varying in amount from year to year. There have been expended $29,139.50 of private funds. Endowment Increment Plan—The most important financial step in the brief history of the Garden was the adoption by the Gov- erning Committee, at its meeting of January 11, 1921, of a plan for Endowment Increment, substantially as recommended in the preceding annual report of the director. This plan provides for increasing the principal of Botanic Garden endowment. by annual increments from income from certain endowment and other private funds, restricted by terms of gift, bequest, or otherwise to the edu- cational and scientific work of the Garden. The plan was adopted for the year 1921, beginning as of February 1, and until action is taken to the contrary. It was voted to create a new account to be known as “ Endowment Increment Account,” and to make trans- fers to this account to the amount of 20 per cent. of the annual income from the various funds included in the plan. During the year $4,876.22 were thus added to the permanent funds of the Garden. The amount thus to be transferred and invested will increase each year, and the plan can be carried out without seri- ously curtailing our educational and scientific work. In fact, within a very few years the available income for these purposes will be much greater than could be possible without such a plan, and it is a great pleasure to look forward fifty or a hundred years 43 (a very short period in the history of an institution) and try to realize all that such a plan will mean in the increase of the Gar- den’s resources, and therefore in the expansion and enrichment of its work, under the direction of our successors. Needs of the Garden Plant Houses and Grounds.—The Brooklyn Botanic Garden has now reached a somewhat critical period in its development. The growth of our collection of hardy plants, which is rapidly approach- ing the limits of the capacity of our grounds, makes it more and more urgent for us to find, outside of our present area, a plot of suitable location and size for a nursery. We are at present unable to propagate duplicate specimens of rare plants (especially of shrubs and trees) for purpose of exchange or to replace specimens lost by disease, severe winter weather, storms, vandalism, or other causes. There are already numerous gaps in our scientific collec- tions caused by such losses, and which we have not yet been able to fill I have referred above (p. 37) to our need of new conservatories. The present range is so overcrowded as to make it quite impossible to give all the plants the cultural conditions essential to their health and vigor. Species requiring widely different conditions of tem- perature and humidity are now, of necessity, side by side in the same house. Many plants are already so large that they must be given away or thrown out unless more ample accommodations soon become available. This is particularly the case with our collection of rare cycads, obtained at great effort and considerable expense from Australia in 1915. There is only one other similar collection in America. These plants continue to increase in size each year, and it is difficult to see how they can much longer be retained in our collections unless they can be given larger quarters. It would be a pity if they had to be abandoned now, after all the trouble and expense to secure them, and the care bestowed on them during the past six years. Numerous other similar cases could be cited. Moreover, the congestion is making it difficult for the increasing number of visitors to pass through the plant houses with comfort and pleasure to themselves and without danger of injuring the +4 plants. It is also difficult to label the plants so that the labels are not concealed. The educational value of the collections is thus curtailed. With the conservatories, as with the plantations, the need of propagating houses is exceedingly urgent, not only for propagation, but for the care of plants that have become sickly, or that need special attention and nursing, or temporary withdrawal from the public conservatories for other reasons. Greenhouse accommodations for experimental cultures in con- nection with the plant breeding, plant disease, and other investiga- tions now in progress are wholly inadequate. The need of a nursery and experimental plot would best be met by securing a tract of land of several acres within easy access of the Garden. An inexpensive propagating house could be erected on this plot, and this could serve for experimental cultures as well as for routine propagation and other needs in connection with the maintenance of our hardy and tender collections. The congestion in the public conservatories can, of course, be met only by erecting a new range. Such a range was included in the original plans for the development of the Garden. The site set aside for it is now serving as the experimental garden, and the erection of the new conservatories would, therefore, make it im- perative to provide an experimental plot elsewhere. Endowment for Research—The special research fund of $50,- 000 secured and, in part, contributed by Mr. Alfred T. White will provide for work now in progress for only three or four years. To establish this work in perpetuity, to make possible its normal and logical expansion, including salaries, equipment, traveling ex- penses, publication of results, ef cetera, permanent funds are needed sufficient to insure an income of not less than $25,000 a year. Ultimately this amount would need to be increased. | To secure the additional land and plant houses recommended above, to provide for additional annual maintenance, and to estab- lish the scientific work on a permanent basis, the Botanic Garden endowment fund should be increased as soon as possible by not less than $500,000. In time this amount should be increased to not less than one million dollars. The need of a new fence to inclose the grounds, stone steps and Fic. 5. View from the front door of the children’s house. Juvenile gardeners entering under the rose arch to spend a Saturday morning in the children’s garden. 46 bridges to replace the present temporary wooden structures, erected five or six years ago, and now both unsightly and unsafe, an underground room at the south end of the conservatories for the storage of garden implements, and new entrance gates, to all of which attention has been called in: previous reports, will continue to be annual needs until they are supplied. Acknowledgments It is a pleasure to make grateful acknowledgment here of the numerous gifts, large and small, recorded in Appendix I (pp. 7 81), and especially to express appreciation of the interest and con- fidence in our work of which these gifts are substantial evidence. Accompanying Papers The annual reports of heads of departments, financial state- ments, and Appendixes 1-6, including acknowledgment of gifts, publications and addresses of members of staff, a list of meetings held at the Garden by outside organizations, and the Agreement with the editorial board of Genetics concerning the publication of - that journal by the Garden, are appended as integral parts of this report. Respectfully submitted, C. Stuart GAGER, Director. REPORT OF THE CURATOR OF PLANTS AND PLAN- TATIONS FOR 192i Dr. C. Sruarr GAGER, DirEcror. Sir: I take pleasure in submitting herewith my report for the year ending December 31, 1921. General Maintenance and Construction Force Work began March 21 and ended December 3, the longest work- ing season for many years. During the busiest season of spring we employed an average of 19 laborers, while for the balance of 47 the season the force was cut to 11 men. Our general condition of upkeep is still so far short of that on most of the private estates on Long Island that a larger permanent force of men for this purpose is urged for 1922. New work accomplished during ine. year was as follows: 1. Grading and preparing for planting the border mound north of present group of azaleas, along Flatbush Avenue to service gate. 2. Enlarging the experimental plot and putting up new fence around it. 3. Extending and raising terraces at southern end of Esplanade. 4. Putting up guard fencing at the entranceway planting at Mal- bone Street gate. 5. Grading, topsoiling, and preparing for shrub planting part of the area between the Museum and Reservoir. The last was the most important, as it comprises the largest of our unimproved tracts and now seems to be within measurable distance of permanent improvement. As in the past, the force of day laborers has been under the daily and faithful supervision of Mr. Herman Kolsh, foreman of laborers. Gardening Force _ New work accomplished during the year was as follows: 1. Planting of Lombardy poplars continued along Malbone Street. 2. Border planting of 57 rose bushes along the Brighton Beach Cut and along the south end of the Children’s Garden. 3. Planting around drinking fountain, Children’s Garden. 4. Azalea planting extended on Azalea Hill. 5. Twenty-five thousand crocuses, 11,400 narcissus ae 6. Over 1,500 lilies planted among Azaleas on the border mound, a background of evergreen and deciduous shrubs added to part of this plantation. 7. Rock garden extended east of the walk. 8. Thirty Prunus serrulata, J. H. Veitch, planted on both sides of the walk west of the Japanese Garden hill. 9. Hedge of Syringa Emodi planted along east border of Oleaceae. 48 There was, in addition, a considerable amount of replacement planting and filling in of shrubbery, together with additions to existing collections. These are noted in the list of plant accessions printed elsewhere. Labeling and Record Work The number of labels made was as follows: Seal Miata ele) = Adicts caine oe We tos en 348 Slealitainevenlavele: cel: At are ey eee ee 30 arecnleadelaiele.s. 6 .o-.ayc Conteer seen eee eee eee 4 Mead Jabelsi ton woody plants: ..cc 2.0 sae te ee 100 Greenhotses lead, Jabels :.5525.-3) wet yeas ee ee 97 Smiailewoodlapels? ic ivc. ce. he he ener hee 12 Wiscellanéoue labels for plants). 4 <4 58 Independent Investigation In cooperation with the Office of Investigations in Forest Pathol- ogy, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, I have continued the work begun in 1918 on varieties of the American chestnut which show partial resistance to the well-known destruc- tive bark blight. This region is particularly favorable for the work, for it was in this neighborhood, in 1918, that I first located resistant strains of the chestnut. Work begun several years ago on a little-known destructive blight of the butternut, the causal organism of which I have deter- mined to be Melanconis carthusiana, has also occupied a portion of my time. Through the generosity of Mr. Willard G. Bixby, the well-known nut culturist of Baldwin, Long Island, about fifty young trees of Black Walnut, English Walnut, Japanese Walnut, and native Butternut have been obtained for experimental purposes, particularly with the object of ascertaining whether these other species are also susceptible to this disease. Respectfully submitted, ArtTHUR HARMOUNT GRAVES, Curator of Public Instruction. REPORT OF THE CURATOR OF ELEMENTARY IN- 2LRUCTION FOR 1921 Dr. C. Stuart GAGER, DIREcTOR. Sir: I herewith submit the following report from the Depart- ment of Elementary Instruction for the year ending December 31, TO2T: The outstanding work of this department for the past year has been one of reorganization of special pieces of work for highest efficiency. For example, in the case of the children’s outdoor garden, we have endeavored to show what we believe is the greatest possible amount of crop to raise on about three quarters of an acre of city land when the allotted garden space per individual is con- * stantly worked. During the eight years we have had a garden it has been impossible to show any such crop value as the one for this current year, a report of which follows. The tables give total 59 amounts, cost of vegetables at average market prices, and total values. TABLE II CHILDREN’S GARDEN Crop REPporRT, 1921 From June 4 to August 8 Area of Garden about Three Quarters of an Acre Crop Amount Market Price Value Beans eee nr cee eer | 865 ats. 18 c.a qt. $ 155.70 IBECESe Sete i euny en wPorens poner de (122 4 for 5c. 76.50 IBGEEREODS ise ek seeders nc eme 298 qts. 18c.a qt. 53-64 arlOtsreetn ee ee ee 361 5 for 5c 3.60 (Chitral Se. aero ce een | 3,104 qts. I5 c.a qt. 465.60 BOT ig ces: oescoays os9e ieee 338 ears 5 c. apiece 16.90 Cucumbers Hees c. apiece 30 IFEEGICE Mei corres cite te octet teins 2,055 heads 13 c. a head 267.15 TION SEM iets scot tes thet eget: 1,593 24 for 10 c. 6.60 IRATSLeV a ee ccs ae eee Titlets toret 114 bunches 5 c.a bunch 5.70 1EREIO) De tice lento his aia ee Ot CaCee I .08 RAcHSHESH wees coe ecr 34,216 ro for 5 c. I71.08 SPIN aAGh ew creates ey on ; 778 qts 20 c..a qt 155.60 MOMACOCSH ete) eer 62 4for isc 21.00 dob a eis o ao mou ahd 00 Om 63 3 for 10 ¢c. 2.10 Totalivalue.. «vec. os. | RON Ceri eel pc erate ee es $1,401.55 This table shows the crop taken out of the garden from the first and second plantings. TABLE III CHILDREN’s GARDEN Crop REPoRT, 1921 rom August 8 to September 1 Area of Garden about Three Quarters of an Acre Crop Amount Cost | Value letecha Gas sinwtea mice pee 3 qts I5caq AGO) ceria ee fee ane ee ar 2,920 2c. apiece 58.40 iBeetetOpsieae ct cies eee 80 qts 8c. a qt I4.40 CEIGROLICI RK Meera fer arrro nearer 1,133 I c. apiece II.33 (CISA ee ere Ie casts rz bunches 5 c. a bunch ries RRO Er ay Cee ee ah 1,982 qts. I2c 237.84 Cheiciata's 3 Septet arecee a tcie 541 ears 6 for 25 c. 22.50 ° MICHIMDETS!. 6. we ee es I5 4c. apiece go plaiite. 6. ss ajeiere ion ste cues 5 20 c. apiece I.00 GEU CORE res orci seers onthe iaiene 742 heads 10 c. a head 74.20 ONIONS ee ere ines we erat 2,72 24 for Io c. II.30 ALS OV iw er eu tevene 276 bunches 5 c. a bunch 13.80 TEYSY OY Loh ets rae ieary Hie eee iE are 150 6 for 10 c 2.50 Sjoerd No vhs eea oudinan neues 0 1,134 qts. 20c.a qt. 226.80 MROMACOCS epee ere ee ueunatent 1,724 4 for I2c. | 51.72 Total value............. |. op De el Pere pipte eiat | $727.30 60 Note that from August g to September 1 the value of the crop drops. This is the period of replanting for second and third crops. TABLE IV CHILDREN’S GARDEN Crop Report, 1921 From September rt to October 22 Area of Garden about Three erate of an Acre Crop Amount | Cost Value | CAG oe eae oe | 166 qts | 15 c.aqt $ 24.90 Beatevs 2.06 eee 4,434 | 2c. each 88.60 air OUn 0: toe fee ee eee 62 I c. each 44.62 GOlORVE ea ana ee Ate | 206 plants 15 c. each 30.90 NOTA TCG, ai eOr ec aen ea, ater 2,435 I2c.aqt 292.20 so) I a Cr renee ein or aA eed 51 ears Buc, h 55 Je)j-f-9 0) (shal oe, ee se ee Oa REG AP | 239 20 c. each 47.80 Nip eae ee ee ota | 837 heads 12 c. a head 104.76 .OTaN Co olaiepeet areerak Cereensnrtea ne tna el 5 24 for to c. | 12h RAGLAN ia Sctiate eesti iranes kt ode: 1,596 bunches 5 c. a bunch 79.80 PRENDEKS* 2h: ccc tealoass eed 1,003 6 for 10 c 16.70 FeISMeG Ae sr a ee aL 6,101 12 for 5c 25.42 i h 1,632 qts 14c.aqt 228.48 UOMATGESs sar. gb. an cecm ts 1,84 4for1sc 69.00 LEA UUG ob Yu} piRk Na eee aren Ricker see ee T2207 3c. each 36.03 ~ Total SELL UL crc eavireiek Sane ate ny ee a ae ee = RR te eS ee $1,092.03 Value of crop srehreugh RUSS DES ceed case huis te ahh el eRe | 1,401.55 Value of crop through Shel aaa dU Ary Eee PPM PEL. | EERE 2 Aad re A270 20 Fotal*yalue*or croprion ©oetssautta cient ae ee Oat cs hoes $3,220.97 Table IIT shows a marked increase over Table II. This high value in late crop is due to careful planning and replanting of seed as soon as One crop comes out of the garden. The interest in these tables centers not upon the value as repre- sented in figures, but upon the educational values which are implied in what might be considered the maximum of efficiency in garden- ing. One value is that of time, or it might be called accumulative. Each season’s results have been built up from the results of pre- vious seasons, bringing us to the present state of crop efficiency. It would have been possible, perhaps, two years ago to have brought about this result through forcing the issue, but our educational values would have suffered. In the past year the method of con- lic. 8. “ Study nature, not books” (Agassiz). A lesson in the children’s garden on insects injurious to crops. June 25, 1921. 62 stant cropping was used because the boys and girls involved in this project had sufficient foundation from their past experience in gardening to work intelligently and independently toward the end set before them, and that end was the production of as much crop as possible on a given area of land. As far as I know, there are few gardens in this country where, under given conditions, so great a use has been made of a given area of city land. Another onward step in our work has been that of grading more carefully our garden work, so that the beginner covered a certain definite ground of knowledge in gardening upon which more ad- vanced lessons were based for the next grading. Some of the lessons taught to beginners covered the following subjects: time and method of planting, thinning, cultivating and planting, neatness in work, care of tools. In the next grading independent plans for a garden and choices of crops are worked out. In the third educa- tional stage the theme swings around the point of increased knowl- edge of plants and plant families. We have been experimenting with certain educational tests of our own this year—tests to determine clearness of concept in the mind of the child who comes to us untrained in garden work, and of those boys and girls who have been studying with us. The department is not prepared at this time to present any of these tests, nor does it deem it wise to, since there is not enough data to demonstrate any one point involved. Our work with penny packets of seed for children has increased normally during the past year. Miss Edna Burtis, who has charge of that work, has reorganized it and placed it on a more efficient and business-like basis. A method of rechecking the work has been used at her suggestion which minimizes the number of possi- ble petty errors, and this has been a very real contribution. Our greenhouse work has grown to such an extent that the mechanical end of it, the handling of pots and of class material, has become so burdensome that it seemed wise to engage a man for this purpose. Mr. John Stimpfl, one of our Federal Board students, accepted this greenhouse position in September of this year. Visiting classes to the Botanic Garden always receive some plants from our children’s greenhouse to use in their classrooms 63 or for experimental purposes. This gift of plants was started years ago and has been a most popular plan. These plants, which are usually varieties of ferns, begonias, geraniums, and ivies, are started and cared for by groups of the older boys and girls. Every week of the year such groups come here at least once each to care for such materials. This is their contribution to the ele- mentary schools of our borough, widespreading in its influence on awakening interest in plant study, and of decided value to the groups concerned. It might be well to state here that we have an increasing number of reports from our boys and girls and from the general public that these older young people are sought for in their own neighborhoods for help and advice in outdoor gardening and in work with house plants. We have raised and distributed to schools 1,505 plants in the manner suggested, but this number does not include plant materials raised in our regular classes, nor does it include stock materials and all the seedlings for our out- door gardens. There has been an increase in total attendance at all our classes and lectures from 53,294 in 1920 to 63,104 in 1921, and in our work of outside lecturing from 11,885 in 1920 to 15,581 in 1921. The Department of Elementary Instruction came in touch with 86 per cent. of all the Brooklyn elementary schools during 1921, an increase over the preceding year of 8 per cent. The boys’ and girls’ room at the Botanic Garden, a dream of many years, is actually taking shape. It has been formally opened during the last year. during 1920: ....... sees oes 1,160 7,666 Minus volumes belonging to the U. S. Vocational Board and incor- ectly added to our list during 1920 ...........-. ee eee eee eee Total number of volumes in the library December 31, 1921 ........ 7,054 Total number of pamphlets in library December. 31, 1920 .......... 4,778 Total number of pamphlets added during I921 ...............---.- 702 Total number of pamphlets in library December 31, 1921 .......... 5,480 Total number of volumes and pamphlets in library December 31 GTO: cas ee yg esac an re AS ein as Leet ad 11,278 Total number of volumes and pamphlets added during 1921 ........ 1,862 Total number of volumes and pamphlets in library December 31 ean RP RE Or es WE Eo osc cvs haa da aye ce 13,140 Serial Publications Count of Periodicals, State and Federal Documents, and Society Publications Currently Received During 1921: SUDSCHIPtiOMerseyeey- cielo +s Src ee corpse ee 6 Aor ou Tc S80Us 58 RR RMR Rew eree RR SpA A ep yc eile aati y cecas ai Ooh als eee Oe ee 48 TESS arClUKa atte tate Ls Cee ye Reni eee nee EMRE AIRE NIRS Gob, afc 416 Derositetromebrookilyne Public Library .. 0... 6 se8. weedeat I TEX GiNDD Rees Wes Cohn ates eas ch ee eee pcre a ine es COMI TE My eras, 6 ATR cy et lige ie a pry ees sy Tan, neha, sha users rca, Ur ocd gaye ents een eeeper cee 529 Lave FIRE, 2S ee occ Hn Ce ate mee een Pe en ec ee 76 Miscellaneous Statistics Torrey Botanical Club index cards on file in the library December eis (OP lo) ann Cay ee ee a ea ener So cetrntondes 4 28,054 ‘Added’ by purchase during 1921 ..........--:.--2 esses once see 790 Total number of Torrey Botanical Club index cards on file Decem- [Se Gil AlOeiriWer eg tae sooreaacsodasaS Wena er donne Pond 29,750 Index Algarum Universalis cards, December 31, 1920 ............+- 11,549 Nddedeby, purchase during 102 222.2 snes secs ay aces pee eae 4,055 Total Index Algarum Universalis cards, December 31, 1921 ........ 15,604 Gandemaddeds tomshelt list cere ate at ee eee even tenets 823 Gardseadded tordictionary catalog 26.0... 50sec eee hes oe 1,962 Cards added to pamphlet catalog ......... 22. - eee eee teen eee ee 63 Cards added to current periodical catalog .....---- esse eee e eee ees 213 Cards added to catalog of duplicates ...........-e ee eee eect eee 174 Motalstypevenitten Cands i.e... ol ae ew 2 eg a ee ete anaes: 3,803 ~l bo DoCks AGamenMto members. Of sta ye! til ars... eee eee coe 956 Number of-readers: in’ library, approximately... ..2,. -Aeauens 32h aie MalGMmesl entered: im-accession: holt tart: 4. b..84 , eaves eee 1,160 SMMD Er VOL MBtLer omit HEN ec ccca omicdk vires eed des OR. Mee ae 384 Books loaned to other institutions ......... Le rh a's) pea Ce on mma tet 20 Boole DorLowed, trom diner InsiittitHOns.”.. oc... cies 41 Lanternslides on tilesecember 31,1020 1s oiusa Peano cae 2,784 anitern- Slides -aecessioned Curing TOaT., .,.\c.e 0c) eee enn ee ok 214 Total number of lantern slides on file December 31, 1921 .......... 2,998 Photographic negatives on file December 31, 1920 ...............00- 3,505 INGM ALE eS: ACCERBIONEK, CUMIN TO2T oa. scenes aie ca BE oe et 22¢ Total number of negatives on file December 31, 1921 .............. 3,810 Respectfully submitted, Ray SIMPSON, Librarian. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR 1ga21 I. Tax Budget Accounts 1360 Personal Service EXT DIO DIMAtONE , 1, sce hs sae te eee $71,241.00 TESOMCGG Sl i ats 5 ew sae es oe ce tule 0 eee 71,241.00 1361 Other Codes Than Personal Service Line 1 Fuel Supplies AN DGODTMAMONM:!. 45s avles crass eG see oe. $ 7,782.50 IB pcoycinldl(