JAN 25 109 BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN RECORD Vor. XVI ia JANUARY, 1927 No. r EDITED BY C. STUART GAGER ANDTHE SERVICE oF THE CITY CONTENTS : ea ay ; Seat is 7 : PAGE Delectus Seminum, Brooklyn, 1926 (List of Seeds Offered in Exchange).... 1 * | PUBLISHED QUARTERLY % AT LANCASTER, PA. BY THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE. OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Entered as are matter in n the Pont ofc at Lancaster, Pa., er Act o ot Ate 24, 19 STUART GAGER, Ph P rie "ART HUR HARMOUNT GRAVES | ae thea oe 3 ce ae ' tr of Fa at : wore’ Se LOR, Curator of Pla ‘ORLAND E . WHITE, Pa Curator: of Plomt eee and j EDITH R DALY, oe As ats é HILI ur RUSK "JEANNETTE, Me , MacCOL LL, AB, Seoeiees iu iG the Director : FRANK ae LL Registrar ond “Cust odian oe WILLIAM HD N, Mem ship S RUTH BLANKL KLEY, St Suenoarayh _ALVET ILD ‘LINNEA WIMAN, Steno area ihe < BROOKLYN BOTANIC GA RIDEN RECORD VoL. XVI JANUARY, 1927 No. 1 DELECTUS SEMINUM, BROOKLYN 1926 List oF SEEDS OFFERED IN EXCHANGE These seeds, collected during 1926, are offered to botanic gardens and to other regular correspondents; also, in limited quantities, to members of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. To simplify and improve our work we offer this year seeds of herbaceous plants only. PTERIDOPHYTA Marattiaceae Asplenium Angiopteris nidus evecta platyneuron | Blechnum Osmundaceae Bae Osmunda iDEReita regalis pentaphylla Todea Diplazium barbara by tere Polypodiaceae zeylanicum Adiantum Doodia cuneatu blechnoides eee var. Crowe- Drynaria num quercifolia hispidulum Dryopteris ' trapeziforme _ erythrosora Aglaomorpha opaca Meyeniana Sieboldit Microlepia Polystichum majuscula acrostichoides Nephrolepis capense acuminata Pteris cordifolia cretica var. Wimsettii rivularis Tectaria Ole a cicutaria articulata Pellaea Schizaeaceae viridis Aneimia Polypodium phyllitidis ireum aureum var. areolatum Selaginellaceae aureum var, cristatum Selaginella punctatum Emmeliana subauriculatum Emmeliana var. aurea vulg Wildenovii DICOTYLEDONES Acanthaceae 266 Celosia Acanthus argentea longifolius istata mollis cristata ela. Aizoaceae 8 Mesembryanthemum cordifolium pinnatifidum pole I idianum pyropeum Mollugo verticillata ‘Tetragonia expansa Amarantaceae 79 Alternanthera JaL Mee chioide Pa Amarantus blite retroflexus sylvestris cristata (yellow) plumosa plumosa (yellow) Apocynaceae 247 Amsonia ‘Tabernaemontana racemosa ea a 248 Asclepia phytolaccoides Ceropeg WwW Sodii (tubers) Cynanchum nigrum Vincetoxicum Balsaminaceae 168 Impatiens Balsamina Oliveri pallida Roylei scabrida Basellaceae 86 Basella rubra hiubia vat. alb Borraginaceae 252 Anchusa Lithospermum istichum Myosotis scorpioides atica carpatica var. latifolia var. alba latifolia var. eriocarpa Medium var. calycan- ema persicifolia peraciole (white) punctata rotundifolia rotundifolia var. Hostii ; : pe oe © Ray. ALN TIAIWG Trachelium versicolor Jasione montana Phyteuma Scheuchzeri Platycodon grandiflorum | caeruleum Campanulaceae —Lobelioideae 276a Lobelia cardinalis Erinus inflata syphilitica Capparidaceae 107 Cleome Polan spinosa spinosa (white form) isia trachysperma Caryophyllaceae 87 Arenaria um ewes vein Thom Dianthus alpinus Armeria chinensis var. macrose- palus deltoides gallicus glacialis var. neglectus u Gypsophila elegans oa fast ee perfoliata repens repens var, monstrosa Lychnis ago Viscaria var. splendens Sagina procumbens Sanonaria maritima noctiflora orientalis pendula Schafta Zawadskil Spergula Sativa ‘Tunica Saxifraga Chenopodiaceae 78 Axyris amarantoides Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus capitatum Hablitzia tamnoides Kkochia arenaria hyssopifolia Polyenenum majus Cistaceae 193 Tehanthemum globulariaefolium Compositae 280 Achillea abrotanoides e Se age: Pta ree Ammobium Chamissonis folhosa longifolia Artemisi2 Purshiana vulgaris Aster alpinus alpinus var. speciosus cordifolius ium bellidioides TIldCl ocephala Scabiosa Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium indicum Cryptostemma calendulaceum Dimorphotheca anntta Echinops persicus Emilia flammea Erigeron compositus Eriophyllum caespitosum speciosus Erlangea tomentosa Kupatorium cannabinum purpureum Purpusi1 (r;aillardia anistata Helianthus Helichrysum racteatum Heliopsis helianthoides var, Pitch- Inula Helenium squarrosa Leontopodium Leptosyne Stillmannii Rudbeckia hirta Sanvitalia procumbens Senecio adonidifolius Biebersteinili Silphium perfoliatum Silybum Marianum Solidago canadensis Cutleri (S. Virgaurea var. ina) missout iensis Stokesia laevis laevis var. al Tanacetum huronense Xanthium spinosum ol Ja Zinnia stenopetalum Haageana stoloniferum var. cocci- verticillata neum nT ee Sempervivum esata aureum = —Cichorieae 28oa balsamiferum Catananche caerulea Cruciferae 105 ae ae Alyssum 4 , Int rie argenteum i Intybus maritimum repis ; montanum grandiflora Sanarile Fieracium saxatile var, compactum aurantiacum Arabis . + « ee procurrens oO ongifolium Pestana rigidum incana speciosum Pianiac = a sees : orientalis - palustris Camelina Be he2e oO oe ragopogon sativa porrifolius esha aizol Convolvulaceae 249 aizoides ' Notschyi pomoea rigida purpurea rupestris Cornaceae 229 Tberis a Cornus Saxatilis | canadensis sempervirens Matthiola Crassulaceae 115 bicornis Bryophyllum Raphanus crenatum sativus Cotyledon : platyphylla | Cucurbitaceae 275 Echeveria Cucumis Whitei Melo Sedum Cucurbita acre maxima Aizoon Ecballium album Elaterium Fabaria : hybridum Datiscaceae 207 maximum Datisca spectabile cannabina Dipsacaceae 274 Cephalaria ambr osioides eca Dipsacus laciniatus Scabiosa amoena australis cCaucasica graminifolia Pterocephala Euphorbiaceae 147 Ricinus communis Frankeniaceae 190 Frankenia pulver ulenta Gentianaceae 246 sca Nymphoides peltatum Geraniaceae 129 Erodium amanum Geranium albiflorum Grevilleanum ibericum pratense pratense var. album sylvaticum Globulariaceae 265 Globularia cordifolia Guttiferae 187 perforatum repens Richeri virginicum Hydrophyllaceae 251 Hydrolea spinosa Hydrophyllum canadense Phacelia campanularia annuus Labiatae 254 Agastache nepetoides Ballota pseudodictamnus Dracocephalum Moldavica Galeopsis pyrenaica Ilyssopus officinalis lLLamium album Monarda Bradburiana mollis Ocimum Basilicum Origanum vulgare Perilla nankinensis Phlomis alpina tuberosa Physostegia virginiana Prunella vulgaris Salvia acetabulosa azurea var. grandiflora cadmica jians Horminum Stachys grandiflora lanata officinalis palustris sylvatica Thymus Serpyllum Leguminosae —Caesalpinioideae 127 Cassia marilandica nictitans Leguminosae —Mimosoideae 127a Desmanthus illinoensis Mimosa pudica Leguminosae —Papilionatae 128 Astragalus alopecuroides Cicer Baptisia australis tinctoria Coronilla officinalis orientalis Glycine Soja (brown seeds) Soja (yellow seeds) Lathyrus “Mary Lovett” Lespedeza capitata Lupinus polyphyllus polyphyllus var. albiflorus Medicago Ononis arvensis Oxytropis campestris Phaseolus vulgaris Linaceae 132 Linum flavum hologynum maritimum perenne usitatissimum Lythraceae 216 Cuphea lanceolata procumbens Lythrum Salicaria Salicaria var. roseum virgatum virgatum ‘“ Rose Queen ” Malvaceae 175 ros Callirhoé involucrata Hibiscus militaris Moscheutos (white, red crispa verticillata Nyctaginaceae 80 Mirabilis Jalapa Jalapa (pink form) Jalapa (yellow form) Jalapa (white form) Oxybaphus nyctagineus Onagraceae 224 nummularifolium nummular ifolium var. nerteroides Godetia missouriensis pumila Oxalidaceae 130 Oxalis stricta Papaveraceae 104 Argemone somniferum Papaveraceae —Fumarioideae ro4ga Corydalis sempervirens Dicentra eximia Plantaginaceae 269 Plantago palmata Plumbaginaceae 238 Acantholimon elumaceum lepturoides Armeria juncea vulgaris vulgaris var. Laucheana 10 Limonium Lysimachia latifolium dubia vulgare punctata ' terrestris : Polemoniaceae 250 Baaraa Gilia Hagellicaulis achilleaefolia floribunda capitata kewensis Phlox veris var. suaveolens Drummondii Steironema Polemonium ciliatum reptans Trientalis americana Polygonaceae 77 Eriogonum Pyrolaceae 231 racemosum Chimaphila umbellatum umbellata Polygonum Paeala sagittatum "americana scandens Sieboldii Ranunculaceae gt virginianum pcre Portulacaceae 85 alba core ree rubra Anacampseros oe eae arachnoides a 1] Telephiastrum aah ae im Calandrinia Cimicituga grandiflora ssletibcenate ace Lewisia racemosa rediviva Clematis es Portulaca = integrifolia grandiflora Coptis marginata trifolia oleracea Delphinium erandiflorum ‘Valinum : grandiflorum var. album patens eA Nigella Primulaceae 237 damascena Anagallis Ranunculus arvensis Cymbalaria arvensis var. caerulea nemorosus linifolia Vhalhetrum Androsace angustifolium carnea var. brigantiaca dioicum septentrionalis minus spinulifera polygamum Trollius Rubiaceae 270 laxus Asperula orientalis Resedaceae 108 finctonta Astrocarpus Crucianella sesamoides stylosa Reseda Diodia alba | Dasycephala lutea Galium Luteola purpureum odorata Sperm - odorata “ Goliath ” tenulor Phyteuma y Rutaceae 137 Rosaceae 126 Dictamnus \erimonia aes ae d ‘ albus var. ruber Cena S Ruta Pp oTa veolens Alchemilla : alpina Saxifragaceae 117 Souaer Ieanee ie Salis appendiculata Duc hesnea Saxifraga indica Aizoon Fragaria Cotyledon vesca var. alba crustata virginiana Hosti ostil Macnabiana Geum macrophyllum pallidum scrophulariaceae 257 Gillenia Antirrhinum trifoliata Asarina Potentilla maju alchemilloides maurandioides argentea var. Calabra Calceolaria chrysantha scabiosaefolia grandiflora Chaenostoma Hopwoodiana foetidum nepalensi Digitalis Nuttallii ambigua rupestris Erinus tridentata alpinus verna Linaria viscosa canadensis \limulus Salpiglossis Langsdorfii sinuata ay Solanum Pentstemon Capsicastrum acuminatus a arizonicus Stylidiaceae 278 barbatus Stvlidium barbatus var. Torreyi ~ adnatum elaber grandiflorus Tiliaceae 174 laevigatus var. Digitalis Chichen ; unilateralis olionias Scrophularia marilandica Umbelliferae 228 sambucifolia CAtam Verbascum : lattaria ee ve ier (ofan drum austriaca sativum gentianoides Eryngium spicata var. rosea alpinum Teucrium coeruleum Teucrium var. prostrata pigonteue Oliverianum Solanaceae 256 planum Atropa Heracleum 3elladonna _ lanatum Belladonna (yellow fruit) lLevisticum Capsicum officinale annuum var. longum Oenanthe Datura pimpinelloides meteloides Osmorhiza Stramonium _ Claytoni Ly copersicum Pimpinella cerasiforme Anisum Nicandra Gouani Physalodes Silaus Nicotiana __ pratensis alata grandiflora (affinis) Sium rustica Sisartum Sanderae ‘Trachymene Tabacum caerulea Petunia : hybrida Urticaceae 65 Physalis Laportea Franchetii moroides Valerianaceae 273 Valerian alliari aefolia officinalis Verbenaceae 253 Lippia nodiflora Violaceae 198 tricolor Zygophyllaceae 135 Peganum Harmala MONOCOTYLEDONES Amaryllidaceae 340 Alstroemeria aurantiaca Araceae 323 Aglaonema commutatum costatum a palustris Bromeliaceae 332 Dyckia brevifolia Tillandsia albisiana fasciculata Commelinaceae 333 co ommelina discolor Cyperaceae 320 alter nifolius Kyllinga riceps Gramineae 319 Anthoxanthum odoratum Avena nuc ee a “ Early Champion ” sativa var. orientalis sterilis strigosa Oix Lachryma-Job1 Dactylis glomerata Festuca elatior Glyceria fluitans Holcus pore nun “ Blackhull to othe nts (icshan } DY a advance. No To REacH Siation: Tiebors - Flatbush Avenue oe to Empire Boule and Tompkins Avenue tr ee to ee sane Sterling Place an 1 trolle ‘Prospect p ark Plaza "PUBLICATIONS | OF THE "BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN "questi. Contains, among other things, the ene Report of the di seed list, aay oiler papers, and notes. ceeds Garden progress and events. Fre ee to member he Garden. To others one dollar a year; 25 cents a copy. “MEMOIRS. teehee July, 1018 Published irregularly. Volum gece a the laboratory Sylpe and plant pours $3.50, he posta : Volume II. Stes vegetation of Long Is land, Part I, The vegetation of “Mo ntaaiet ae study of grassland and forest. Price $1 00, plus posta in periodicals, reissued as “ separates, os without change of p pane mb consenstively This. series includes occas cn Papets vee well a8 as. thos 8. Physiologic races s of oat smuts. 10 pages, 3 Nuee “10924. x j i i ie! ‘smuts of oats. 17 pages, 4 plates aT 40. Physiological specialization of Ustiage Horie: 21 pages, 1 ey 1924. Ge “Tacos. 24 pages es, 4 plates. - 42. “pages, 15 figures. 43. Inheritance studies in Pisum. ae one inheritance of scimitar pod. _ pages, 10 1925. 1925. x a ‘porsial od woody plant groups. 47. Ti “trees. 7 pages, I figure. of publication é the January number of th lished, in codperation with the BoTanicaL Society oF ee oer excep tring August and September. Subscription, nck a yea . with the Ecozocicat Soctet OF AMERICA. Subscript ion " Established, January, 1912. An administrative geval eee << Leaton op heads of departments, pecial reports, announcements of courses of instruction, re oe Dedication Papers: comprising scientifi ‘oar ve a % = : oe T1. I 9 2 4 fh oe CONTRIBUTIONS. Established, April. I, 191 fi Papers rial bl Ae ie yaad Factors. ‘influencing the infection of wheat by Tilletia Tritci and Tilletia oo The inheritance of resistance of oat “hybrids to loose. smut, 19 pages. ev brapniail distribution and the cele character of certain herbaceous he cause of the meen inlet if bisa shoots ‘from Dighted chestnut 28 i! : {formation ak plant life’ for’ teachers and others. Free to m So of the _ Gar Too s, fifty cents a, series, Single sinners 5 cents ea es ECOLOGY. Established, January, 1920. Published eo in codperation 3 a - 39. Relative susceptibility of selections ae a Fulghwm-Swredish select. cross ae ee ‘Variation among the sbordlings of a fertile short of the Boston fern. 27 et 24. a 44. Sie OF infection of sorghum by ae hernel smut, "7 ages, 3 ae . o “LEAF LETS. a Oe Apri: 10, 1913. "Published weekly, or biweekly during April, May, June, September, and October. ee purpose of the Leaflets — is primarily to give announcements concerning flowering and bther - plant activities o be seen in the Garden near the date of issue, and to give penal elementary ee ES: . fe Neon pune and ern Price based upon cost aie SEED D LIST. Eaablishe, De December, 1914. Since 1925 at en a ch y year ia ae “AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY. _Established January, 1914. Pubs ‘s GENETICS. Established, J anuary, mh Bi-monthly. Sides 96.00 a a 3 SEXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN 1926 “The study of wisdom may always increase in this life, because nothing is perfect in human discoveries. It is most wretched always to be using what has been attained and never reach further for one’s self.” — ROGER BACON. “Tf practical teaching is the foundation of | scientific education, I am sure that original work is its soul and spirit.” — SIR FRANCIS DARWIN. BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN RECORD Vol. XVI APRIL, 1927 No, 2 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY T LANCASTER, PA. BY THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES BROO Entered as second-claze matter in the postoffice at Lancaster, Pa., under act of August 24, 1912. BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN and Administrative Officers Scientific, Educational, SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL The Staft * D., Director C. STUART GAGER, Ph.D., Sc.D., Pd. NTAGUE F REE, H cane ARTHUR HARMOUNT GRAVES, Ph.D., Curator of Public Instruction ee GUNDERSEN, Docteur de l'Université Aha); Curator of Plants IE TWEMLOW Oy M.A.,, istant Curator lementary Instructi tion GEORGE M. REED, "PhD. Curator of Plant Pathology ELLEN EDDY SHAW, B. re Curato or 1h es entary Instruction RAY SIM PSON, Libr NORMAN TAYLOR, earn ‘of P ORLAND E. WHITE, Sc.D., Curator of Plant Bret peer Economic Plants Other Officers MARY AVERILL, Honorary Curator of Japanese Gardening and Floral Art HAROLD A. CAPARN, Consulting Landscape Architect RALPH CURTISS BENEDICT, Ph.D., Resident Investigator KATHRYN CLARK, A.B., Instructor MARY ELLEN PE A.B., Research Assista MARJORIE R. SWABEY, A. B., esearch ree THEL V. WOODWARD, ae EDITH R. DALY, Library Assistant ALEXANDRA DODD, Curatorial Assistant HELEN I ace Curatorial eins MAUD H. PURDY, Cimnalorial Ass stant HESTER M. RUSK AB, Curatorial ae ater MARGERY H. UDELL, pes Assistant ADMINISTRATIVE DANIEL C. DOWNS, Secretary and sl i UDE E VORIS, Assistant Secret MARION Grae GREEN, Business Office yee A.B, eae Pic the Director JEANNETTE M. the iy FRANK STOLL, Registrar and WILLIAM FL DURKIN, Mebershin Gece TH BLANKLEY, Stenographer ALVHILD LINNEA WIMAN, Stenographer LOUIS BUHLE, Photographer * The names are arranged alphabetically SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN < ers Me is i) oT 4 a a A P | f C a by I f ff 4 tal HN = aan} A Ll mow iil FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF BOTANY AND THE SERVICE OF THE CITY BROOKLYN, N. Y. APRIL, 1927 LANCASTER PRESS, INC. LANCASTER, PA. SUMMARY FOR 1926 1. Total attendance for the year, over 514,000. 2. Educational contact with over 400,000 children and adults. 3. Over 34,000 living plants placed in classrooms of city schools. 4. Over 550,000 packets of seeds distributed to children in Brooklyn and other boroughs for planting in school and home gardens. 5. Over 1800 packets of seeds of trees and shrubs sent in ex- change to foreign botanic gardens. 6. Conservation of Native Wild Flowers promoted in various ways in cooperation with other organizations. 7. Botanical research continued in plant pathology, genetics, plant breeding, forest pathology, ecology, and plant geography. . Over 1800 pages of research have been published during the year in four journals that have a world-wide circulation. g. Bureau of Information has been made use of by the public to our capacity to respond. 10. Current issues of 847 periodicals on plant life have been received in the library. 11. Of a total budget of over $148,000 the Botanic Garden pro- vided over $66,000 or over 43 per cent. 12. Members enjoy special privileges. See pages iv and v for information concerning membership. THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE IN GREATER NEW YORK A world-famous biologist (Pasteur) once said of Scotland that she was one of the first among nations to understand that intellect leads the world, and that for centuries she had “‘ united her destinies with those of the human mind.” A similar reputation among cities is enjoyed by the Athens of ancient Greece, but most modern cities are generally regarded as having united their destinies chiefly with those of commerce. As a necessary consequence of her geographical location, this has been true of New York from the beginning. But to her great honor, and as a necessary consequence of the character of her people, be it said that she has also united her destinies with those of literature, of art, and of education. The existence of her municipal colleges, her numerous and justly famous museums, zoological park, aquarium, and two botanic gardens, all supported in whole or in part by appropria- tions in the annual tax budget of the city, bears eloquent testi- mony to the fact that New York City has also united her destinies d of civilization and human — with those of science, the youngest chi progress. She also is coming to understand that, not commerce, not wealth, not bigness, but intellect leads the world, and that the general level of intelligence of her citizens and her own contri- bution to human progress in the higher realm of intelligence is the true measure of a city’s greatness. Such is the high goal toward which the Greater New York of today is progressing. ITEMS FOR WHICH ADDITIONAL ENDOWMENT IS NOW NEEDED For ANNUAL ExpEeNpiTurEs (Income from Endowment) : Personal Service Tee Salainy INGLCASCS este sem ere emer $ 10,000 Prat GinewalOWAlGes es te eh tre te 10,000 Se aNe Wig OSITLONS weep en tie cds enrwsis 20,000 Ap Ope cialieneseanGiy lO] CCS i) uen aman 10,000 $ 50,000 Other than Personal Service 5. Library (Books and Binding)........ $ 2,500 (oy Lid pe Mehbbael ain co ees 5 a ee ae aCe ai ete 1,000 7 eublishineeand WsidlintinOere es ces 3,000 8. Laboratory apparatus and equipment.. —_1,500 g. Botanical exploration and field work.. — 2,000 10,000 Total additional annual income needed...... $ 60,000 For PusrisHiNnG Irts Memoir (with colored plates). ..$ 20,000 For PERMANENT IMPROVEMENTS: 10. Nursery, Experimental plot, and Greenhouses .~.-. +... pee $500,000 Il. Rose Garden... ...... .. epee 10,000 Total, Permanent Improvements........... $510,000 For a Summary of the Botanic Garden’s activities for the year 1926, see page 1. INFORMATION CONCERNING MEMBERSHIP The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences is organized in three main departments: 1. The Department of Education. 2. The Museums. 3. The Botanic Garden. Any of the following seven classes of membership may be taken out through the Botanic Garden: 1. Annual member........ $ TO"). 36: DOnOr ante ee: $ 10,000 2. Sustaining member..... 25> Os, Patron) weer seeee a. 25,000 3. Life member.......... 500 7. Benefactor ............ 100,000 4. Permanent member.... 2,500 Sustaining members are annual members with full privileges in Departments one to three. Membership in classes two to seven carries full privileges in Departments one to three. In addition to opportunities afforded to members of the Botanic Garden for public service through cooperating in its development, and helping to further its aims to advance and diffuse a knowledge and love of plants, to help preserve our native wild flowers, and to afford additional and much needed educational advantages in Brooklyn and Greater New York, members may also enjoy the privileges indicated on the following page. Further information concerning membership may be had by ad- dressing The Director, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y., or by personal conference by appointment. Telephone, 6173 Prospect. To The Secretary, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Dear Sir: I desire to become An Annual Member........ SIO} tA WUOHOE eee eee $10,000 A Sustaining Member...... 25) -AcPatron 240 ine 25,000 A Life Member............ 500 A Benefactor ............. 100,000 A Permanent Member....... 25,000 Please find enclosed my check payable to Brooklyn Botanic Garden, and present my name to the Board of the Trustees for election. Yours truly, = je) | On| ce os nur com xe PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERSHIP . Free admission to the buildings and grounds at all times. Cards of admission for self and friends to all exhibitions and openings preceding the admission of the general public, and to receptions. Services of docent (by appointment), for self and party, when visiting the Garden. Admission of member and his or her immediate family to all lectures, classes, field trips, and other scientific meetings under Garden auspices, at the Garden or elsewhere. Special lectures and classes for the children of members. Copies of Garden publications, as follows: d. Contributions Privileges of the Library and Herbarium. . Expert advice on the choice and care of plants, indoors and out, on planting the home grounds, the care of lawns, and the treatment of plants affected by insect and fungous pests. Identification of botanical specimens. . Participation in the periodical distribution of duplicate plant material and seeds, in accordance with special announce- ments sent to members from time to time. THE BOTANIC GARDEN AND. THE CITY THe BrooKtyn Boranic GARDEN, established in 1910, is a De- partment of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. It is supported in part by municipal appropriations, and in part by private funds, including income from endowment, membership dues, and special contributions. Its articulation with the City is through the Department of Parks. The City owns the land devoted to Garden purposes, builds, lights, and heats the buildings, and keeps them in repair, and in- cludes in its annual tax budget an appropriation for other items of maintenance. One third of the cost of the present buildings (about $300,000) was met from private funds. Appointments to all positions are made by the director of the Garden, with the approval of the Botanic Garden Governing Com- mittee, and all authorized expenditures for maintenance are made in the name of the private organization, from funds advanced by the Institute, which, in turn, is reimbursed from time to time by the City, within the limits, and according to the terms, of the an- nual appropriation. All plants have been purchased with private funds since the Garden was established. In addition to this, it has been the prac- tice of the Garden to purchase all books for the library, all speci- mens for the herbarium, all lantern slides, and numerous other items, and to pay certain salaries, with private funds. The urgent needs of the Garden for private funds for all pur- poses are greatly in excess of the present income from endow- ment, membership dues, and special contributions. Vhe director of the Garden will be glad to give full information as to possible uses of such funds to any who may be interested.* * A written Agreement, dated August 17, ror4, between the City of New York and the Institute, touching the Botanic phe published in full in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden Record, for April, 1915, amends the a agree- ment of September 9, 1912, which amends the ie, agreement of Septem- ber 28, 1909, published in the Record for January, 1 FORMS OF BEQUEST TO THE BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN Form of Bequest for General Purposes I hereby give, devise, oe Le aaa to The Brooklyn aes of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn, N. Y., the MOL we hen ants hee Dollars, the in- come from which said sum to Ee ae ee the educational and Gears work of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Form of Bequest for a Curatorship I hereby give, devise, and bequeath to The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn, N. Y., the sum of .............. Dollars, as an endowment for a curatorship in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, the income om which s to be used each year towards the payment of the salary of a curator ie said Botanic Garden, to be known as the (here may be in- serted the name of the donor or other person) curatorship. Form of Bequest for a Fellowship I hereby give, devise, and bequeath to The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn, N. Y., the sum of .............. Dollars, the in- come from which sum to be used in the payment of a fellowship for ad- vanced botanical investigation in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, to be known aS thes kee Mercere whic isle ka 6 10% atv SRI ome rote fellowship. Form of Bequest for other particular purposes designated by the testator I hereby give, devise, and bape. . The Brooklyn teshtate of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn, N. Y., the sum of .............. Dollars, to be used (or the income from mich to i a for the Brooklyn ee Garden * OY ee 2 * The following additional purposes are suggested for which endowment is needed . Botanical researc Publishing the foci of fete investigations. Po ee botanical publica endowment of a lect ear or a lecture course. Beane illustration for publications and lectures The purchase and eee of plants. The beautifying of the un The purchase of cai teseere - the library. Extending and enriching our work of public education. . The construction and maintenance of a Rose Garden 1 SS SNYAKHRYN ra 2 vii Fic. 1. Ecological Garden. Outlet of Swamp, and Rooted Aquatics. (6114.) SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN 1926° REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR To THE BoTANIC GARDEN GOVERNING COMMITTEE: It is my pleasure to present herewith the sixteenth annual re- port of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, covering the year 1926. Addition to Endowment In my preceding report I recorded the generous offer of Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., to contribute the sum of $250,000 to the permanent funds of the Garden, provided the same amount was secured from other sources before the close of the year 1926. The initiation of plans for meeting the conditions of Mr. Rockefeller’s pledge was announced at the meeting of the Gov- erning Committee on January 22. At the meeting of the Com- mittee on March 19, Mr. A. M. White was appointed chairman of an Endowment Fund Committee, and announced that Mr. Ralph Jonas had consented to act as vice-chairman. Under date of April 15, this Committee sent invitations to a number of other representative citizens to become members of a Citizens Committee. The response to this invitation was very gratifying, and indicated a genuine and widespread interest in the Botanic Garden. The full membership and organization of the Endowment Fund Committee and of the Citizens Committee are given on pages 90-94 of this report. On April 27 the Endowment Fund Committee gave a luncheon at the Hamilton Club, with representatives of the Brooklyn news- papers and others as guests. At this luncheon the history of the Botanic Garden was paiiy reviewed as indicating the real need of 1 BrookLtyn Botanic GARDEN Recorp. Vol. XVI, No. 2. April, 1927. 2 such an institution in Brooklyn, and showing the extensive civic as well as educational and scientific work of the Garden. The need for additional funds was also set forth. Here, again, the sympathetic response of the representatives of the local press was most encouraging, The Citizens Committee opened a special office at 16 Clinton Street, and the canvass for subscriptions was directed from this office with a special office force. So generous was the response that the quarter of a million dollars required to be subscribed and paid on or before December 31, 1926, was over-subscribed by July 8 and Mr. Rockefeller was so notified. The letters exchanged between the treasurer of the committee and Mr. Rockefeller’s office are here given, and in order to.make the account complete, the letter containing Mr. Rockefeller’s original pledge is repeated from my preceding annual report. May 25, 1925. Dear Mr. Gager: Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., for whom I am writing, has asked me to pledge on his behalf toward the endowment funds of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden the sum of $250,000 on condition that an equal sum is obtained in cash from other sources before Dec. 31, 1926, both sums to be applied toward endowment, unrestricted as to use. While Mr. Rockefeller asks that the money which he thus con- tributes be added to the endowment funds, he realizes the un- wisdom of seeking to forecast the requirements of the distant future, and is fully conscious of the danger attendant upon the establishment of any endowment fund in perpetuity. It will, therefore, be entirely agreeable to him to have the whole or any portion of the principal of this gift used, at any time after the expiration of twenty-five years from date, for any of the cor- porate purposes of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, provided that such use is duly authorized by a four-fifths vote of its trustees. Yours truly, (Signed) Raymonp B. Fosprcx Mr. C. Stuart Gager, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, New York. July 8, 1926. My dear Mr. Rockefeller: 1 have before me a copy of a letter written by Mr. Raymond B. Fosdick under date of May 25, 1925, addressed to Mr. C. Stuart Gager, in which Mr. Fosdick states that you are prepared to contribute to the Endowment Fund of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden the sum of $250,000 on condition that an equal sum is raised from other sources prior to December 31, 1926. As you are perhaps aware, a group of Brooklyn Citizens have been engaged in raising the sum of $250,000 to meet your pledge. _ The writer is the Treasurer of this informal Committee. This letter is written to certify to you that this Committee has now raised and the writer now has in his possession and on de- posit in the Nassau National Bank of Brooklyn the sum of $250,739. I trust this certification may prove sufficient and that we may receive your check at your convenience. Very truly yours, (Signed) G. Foster SMITH, Treasurer, Brooklyn Botanic Garden Citizens Committee. Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., 26 Broadway, New York. July 12, 1926. My dear Mr. Smith: In accordance with Mr. Rockefeller, Jr.’s pledge of May 25, 1925, signed by Mr. Raymond B. Fosdick and in accordance with the assurances contained in your letter of July 8, 1926, that $250,- 739 has been actually obtained in cash from other sources to date for the Endowment Fund, Iam, on behalf of Mr. Rockefeller, Jr., enclosing his check in the sum of $250,000 payable to the Brook- lyn Botanic Garden. This completes the obligation under Mr. Rockefeller’s pledge of May 25, 1925. May I repeat our congratulations, already given to Mr. C. Stuart Gager in our conversation this morning concerning Mr. + Rockefeller’s pledge, on the splendid achievement of the Citizens Committee. Sincerely yours, (Signed) Tuomas B. ApPLEGET. Mr. G. Foster Smith, Treasurer, Brooklyn Botanic Garden Citizens Committee, The Nassau National Bank of Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York. Aly 23, 1926, My dear Mr. Appleget: I beg to acknowledge your letter of the 12th enclosing Mr. Rockefeller, Jr.’s check in the sum of $250,000 payable to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. I also appreciate the kind expressions contained in your letter and wish to again thank you on behalf of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden for the very generous contribution which Mr. Rockefeller has made to us. Very truly yours, (Signed) G. Foster SMITH, Treasurer, Brooklyn Botanic Garden Citizens Committee Mr. Thomas B. Appleget, 26 Broadway, New York. The Director and Staff of the Botanic Garden wish to express here to Mr. Rockefeller, to all individuals and organizations that subscribed to this fund, and to the Citizens Endowment Fund Committee, sincere appreciation of their generous contributions and labors, and in particular of the confidence in our work, of which these contributions and efforts are such substantial evidence. This response of our citizens, making it possible for the Botanic Garden to supplement more generously the annual appropriations in the Tax Budget of the City, is a forceful illustration of what the Hon. Elihu Root has recently referred to as “ the true Ameri- can way, the true way in every self-governing people, to accom- plish results which are desired, and which are not already pro- 5 vided for by the government, a way which follows the line of not lying down upon government, but of supplementing govern- ment by independent, individual enterprise and the activity and thought and devotion and self sacrifice of citizenship.” Special mention should be made of the contributions from the Department of Botany of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, from the Biology Departments of the Girls Technical and the Erasmus Hall and other High Schools, the Public Ele- mentary Schools, and in particular most generous contributions from the Garden Teachers Association of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden (graduates from our course for the preparation of teach- ers of children’s gardening), from our own Boys and Girls Club, from Agricola, the “ official publication’ of that Club, and from former members of the Club, who organized for the express pur- pose of raising a substantial contribution to the fund. The con- tribution from the staff of Agricola was the first to be received, with that from the Boys and Girls Club a close second. A list of the contributors may be found on pages 94-103 of this report. The new funds will be administered under two accounts, namely John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Fund, and Citizens Endowment Fund. Significance of the New Endowment The significance of this addition to our permanent funds is threefold In the first place, Mr. Rockefeller’s personal pledge of support is the highest possible endorsement of the accomplishments, fu- ture plans, and conduct of the Botanic Garden. It is well known that neither Mr. Rockefeller himself, nor the Rockefeller founda- tions contribute to the work of any institution without the most thorough examination of its organization, its activities, its aims, and the conduct of its affairs, financially and otherwise. This examination must establish entire confidence and also reveal the existence of a real need. No institution could have had a more thorough examination of its affairs (including its financial status and methods) than was given the Botanic Garden by Mr. Rocke- feller’s examiners. The resulting endorsement of our work 1s, and will always remain, one of the strongest assets of the Garden, We shall realize that the result could not have been otherwise if we recall that the organization and development of the Garden has been carried out with faithful adherence to plans that had met the unreserved approval of the founder of the Garden, the late Mr, Altred 1. White; In the second place, the generous response of the citizens who contributed to the fund is an asset hardly second to that of Mr. Rockefeller’s own endorsement. Their response not only means public approval of the Garden’s work, but is also the most con- vincing evidence that the Garden fills a real need in the com- munity, and has won public approbation and confidence, A Crisis Passed The third significance of the new fund has reference to the fu- ture, and to the type of institution which is now assured. In connection with the death of the president of one of our great public museums the corporation entered on its records a minute which contained the following words: “ When he came to the Presidency, the Museum had passed through the period of early struggles and local significance, and the point had been reached when the question was to be determined whether the original im- pulse was to spend itself, satisfied with a local and provincial suc- cess, or whether, on the other hand, the institution was to be de- veloped into one of the great musetums and educational influences of the world.” The Brooklyn Botanic Garden was facing precisely this situa- tion when our needs were first presented to Mr. Rockefeller by the director. Was the original impulse, given by Mr. Alfred T. White and the two so closely connected with him in the establish- ment of the Garden, to spend itself, satisfied with a local, pro- vincial, and otherwise limited success; or was the local value of the Garden to be multiplied manyfold by its becoming one of the great botanic gardens of world-wide influence and service to botanical science and education? Mr. Rockefeller’s pledge and the public response to our canvass have decided that question. No ideal short of this has, from the beginning, made any appeal to the director and staff, nor did it to Mr. White and those who were associated with him in laying the foundations. The Future? It is no exaggeration to say that the Garden could not have continued much longer in the situation which was relieved by se- curing the new funds. An institution, like an army, can mark time for only a limited period; it must then either advance or retreat. The income from the new funds will save a retreat, but they will only make it possible to prepare to advance. Certain ac- tivities which depended upon the precarious support of contribu- tions that had to be annually solicited, or which had been aban- doned or curtailed, are now assured of permanent financial sup- port, but there remain some of the most essential aspects of our work still dependent on annual contributions, and quite inade- quately financed. The Botanic Garden is still in its infancy and, like all infants, its appetite seems out of proportion to its size, because it must grow, and to grow it must be nourished. Specific Needs Research Projects In several preceding annual reports, mention has been made of our project for research in the broad subject of disease re- sistance in plants. The initiation of this work was made pos- sible by the pledge of Mr. Alfred T. White to contribute the sum of $50,000 to be expended for this purpose over a term of years. In his letter of gift, Mr. White expressed the hope, and even the expectation that, by the close of the period he had provided for, some one of the existing foundations would place the work on a permanent footing. This has not yet been done, but the con- tinuation of the work until the close of 1928 has been provided for by the generosity of those who have been convinced (after thorough investigation) of the importance of this work to science and to the Botanic Garden, and who are interested to have per- manently established here this work in which Mr. White was so deeply interested. To secure adequate endowment for this and other research projects should be made one of our chief concerns (as it is one 8 of our most vital needs) during the next eighteen months. Not less than $250,000 is required to insure an adequate annual income for the work. Other Needs Our present endowment, and the fund whose need has just been indicated, will only make possible the continuation of our present activities with the present staff. New curatorships should be created and filled, and the expenses incidental thereto must be provided for. The salaries, of course, are properly chargeable to the Tax Budget appropriation, but this has not, for some years, been adequate to meet the salaries. The relation between the annual Tax Budget appropriations and the private funds budget, and matters related thereto, are noted on page 23. Funds for such purposes as the library, the collections of living plants, the herbaria, publication, and other items are still inade- quate to our needs; and the development of such special collec- tions as, for example, the rose garden and other horticultural features is yet to be provided for. A fuller statement of our needs was given on pages 36-37 of my Fourteenth Annual Re- port (for 1924). The Garden and the Public Attendance Over 514,000 persons visited the Garden during 1926, an in- crease of more than 10,000 over 1925. The attendance figures have had to be estimated, in part, on account of delays in getting the recording turnstiles in working order after their re-setting in connection with the erection of the new fence. We feel that the above figure is, in all probability, an understatement. Bureau of Information The answering of inquiries from the public involves practically every member of the staff, and each year sees an increase in the number and importance of the questions asked, especially from business organizations. A commercial laboratory dealing in phy- sicians’ supplies asks for information concerning Sphagnum moss, valuable in surgical dressings. A large firm of undertakers asks A | — re scarlet Tulipa Gesneriana spathulata; the ight ones, the yellow T. Gesneriana lutea. (5801. Fic. 2. Tulips in the lawn May 20, 1926. The dark ones are t 10 for a critical reading of the manuscript of a booklet to be pub- lished on flowers and their use in connection with funerals. An- other firm asks for information as to the necessary procedure with the State Bureau of Plant Industry in connection with the importation of living plants from California to New York. The New York office of a concern in Liberia asks for information as to obtaining and growing Soya Beans and Kudzu Beans, and sugar cane in that country. A bond house in New York asks for the botanical name of a plant they wish to import, known to them only by a local English name. Inquiries are constantly received concerning such matters as the care of lawns and house plants, plant diseases, the naming of plants, and the names and addresses of nurserymen, seedsmen, and reliable companies to care for ornamental and shade trees. The list might be prolonged almost indefinitely. The inquiries come not only from New York City, but also from other cities and states, and from other countries. News Releases Over 500 clippings of newspaper notices concerning the Garden have been received during the year. As the curator of public instruction points out in his report, these notices appeared in the papers of twenty cities, distributed in eleven different states and Canada. While these notices imply a certain amount of publicity for the Garden, their chief value, perhaps, is in rendering our educational work more effective by making it available to a vastly greater number of people than can visit the Botanic Garden. Broadcasting “New York’s Biggest Flower Garden” was the subject of a talk broadcasted by the director on the evening of May 1, from the Municipal Station, WNYC. Public Exhibits The Botanic Garden does not maintain a museum, except its collections of living plants in the conservatories and plantations. The entire garden is, in reality, an out-of-doors museum of living specimens. From time to time, however, temporary exhibits are installed. il Exhibit at Washington, D, C—The American Horticultural Society held its Grand Spring Exhibition in the Hall of Nations, Washington Hotel, on June 8 and 9. By invitation the Garden exhibited its framed colored view of the Rose Garden which it is hoped to have realized before long at the Botanic Garden. At the Exposition of Women’s Work at the Hotel Astor, Oc- tober 4—9, that part of our educational work under the supervision of Miss Shaw, curator of elementary instruction, was featured in a special booth, and the Garden is greatly indebted to members of the Woman’s Auxiliary for assisting as attendants in charge of the booth. The exhibit of Cut Flowers and Vegetables, raised in our Chil- dren’s Garden, was held again this year (as last) on October 22 at the Eagle Building and was largely attended by members of the Junior Eagle Club (Brooklyn Daily Eagle) and their friends. The Exhibit of Christmas Greens, which began several years ago under the auspices of the Department of Elementary Instruc- tion, was taken over in 1926 (December 12-19) by a special com- mittee of the Woman’s Auxiliary under the chairmanship of Mrs. William H. Cary. It was installed in the rotunda of the Labora- tory Building, and was greatly enriched by new materials and by new features, such as table decorations, living Christmas trees, and other features. It is hoped by this exhibit to direct attention to the excessive use of such greens as Mountain Laurel, Ground Pine, and Holly collected wild; to encourage the growing of these greens as crop plants, in nurseries and otherwise; and to suggest other plants which may be found satisfactory as substitutes or supplements to the native wild plants now used to excess. Special literature was distributed in connection with the exhibit. Meetings of Outside Organizations The Garden is becoming increasingly popular as a meeting place of local organizations—garden clubs, civic organizations, mothers clubs of the schools, women’s clubs, et cetera. Usually these meetings include in their program a talk by some member of the Garden staff on the work of the Garden, and an inspection 12 of our buildings and grounds under guidance. The number ot such organizations meeting at the Garden in 1926 was 46, averag- ing nearly one a week. ‘Twenty-one of the meetings were in May. Many of these organizations, and their members, made sub- stantial contributions to our endowment fund, or other Gardes funds. The Garden and the Schools Supply of Study Material The extent to which the city schools make use of the Garden facilities steadily increases. During 1926 study material (chiefly living plants and plant parts) was supplied to 2450 teachers dis- tributed in 196 schools, as against the 1925 figures of 2279 teach- ers in 81 schools. Forty-three High Schools and 104 Public Schools were served in this way as against 23 High Schools and 42 Public Schools a year ago. Colleges, training schools, and parochial and other private schools were also supplied. Over 14,700 living plants were placed in 556 classrooms, not for study but as objects of beauty. Last year the number ot classrooms thus supplied was I12. Seeds for Children Over 550,000 penny packets of seeds were distributed to school children—an increase of more than 21,500 over 1925. These ficures become much more significant when one recalls the limited opportunities for gardening in a city like Brooklyn of over 2,000,000 population. Addition statistics of our cooperation with the city schools are given in the following table: STATISTICS OF Pustic EpucATIONAL ACTIVITIES, 1926 Conferences Number of y ’ : place of Mrs. Lois Davis Van Gorden, who resigned October 15. Financial Tax Budget Accounts The original Tax Budget appropriation for the Garden was $84,616.00, as against $85,245.00 in 1925, a decrease of $629.00. The amount requested was $116,582.co, an increase of $29,993.00 over 1925. The original appropriation proved quite inadequate to meet absolutely essential needs, and was increased by two supple- mentary appropriations, as follows: July 17, $1,973.00, for Repairs and Replacements. This was derived by transfer of funds from “ Miscellaneous, Kings County, Code 3510, Kings County Fund for Salary and Wage Accruals.” December 2, $900.00, for additional supplies, materials, and telephone service. This was derived by transfer of funds from “ Code 3039, City Fund for Salary and Wage Accruals.” This made the total appropriation for the year $87,489.00, or $2,244.00 more than for 1925. Private Funds Accounts The total Private Funds Budget for 1926 was $66,178.60, an in- crease of $3,149.12 over 1925. Of the total Botanic Garden Budget for 1926 ($148,359.91) 57 per cent. was provided by Tax Budget appropriation, and 43 per cent. from Private Funds. A year ago 42 per cent. of the totai budget was met from private funds. The Endowment Increment Principal was increased during the year by $5,307.69, derived from accrued interest and from addi- tions from the contributing funds. At the close of 1926 the prin- cipal amounted to $32,972.94. 24 Retiring Allowances The need of making early provision for Retiring Allowances is urgent. Each year’s delay (with the advancing ages of pros- pective beneficiaries) means a higher ultimate cost to the Botanic Garden. The experience of the Carnegie Foundation for the Ad- vancement of Teaching and other insurance organizations has shown that the continuing success of a pension system can be secured only by the cooperation of the employee and employer. It is hoped that, in the not distant future, funds may become available for initiating a plan involving contributions from those to participate in the benefits. Need of Additional Propagating Houses I wish to call special attention to the urgent need of additional greenhouses for propagating, for experimental work, and for rais- ing and caring for the living plant material which we are called upon to supply to the city schools in increasing amount each year. ork now organized is greatly hampered, and the enrichment of our collections, our school service, and our investigations will remain quite impossible until additional propagating houses be- come available. Accompanying Papers Administrative reports of members of staff, reports on botanical research conducted at the Garden during 1926, the financial state- ment, Appendices 1-8 (including a list of the names of contribu- tors to the Citizens Endowment Fund), and a list of the officers and members of the Botanic Garden are appended as a part of this report. Respectfully submitted, C. STUART GAGER, Director. REPORTS ON RESEARCH FOR 1926 Genetics and Plant Breeding Influence of Radium Rays upon Hereditary Variations in the Jimson Weed, Datura Stramonium By C. Stuart GAGER In cooperation with A. F. BLAKESLEE, Department of Genetics, Carnegie Institution of Washington The Jimson Weed (Datura Stramoniunt) has shown itself es- pecially adapted to experimentation regarding the laws of in- heritance and evolution. Hereditary variation can be brought about either by mutative changes in the number of the hereditary bodies (chromosomes) or by mutations in the factors which these chromosomes contain. The discovery of any stimulus which will accelerate these processes of mutation, which are ex- tremely rare, would be of much scientific interest and might have | considerable economic importance, In continuation of the senior author’s earlier investigations on the effects of radium on plant tissues, he made a preliminary study of the effects of radium treatment upon the hereditary units in flowers of Jimson Weeds. From one of the three treated flowers there were obtained in the offspring: (a) 17.7 per cent. of chromosomal mutations, a much higher percentage than ever obtained from untreated capsules, the average for over 15,000 offspring being 0.47 per cent., (b) a new compound chro- mosomal type, called Nubbin (from the character of the fruit- pod), in which some of the chromosomes appear to have been broken in two and joined together again in new combinations, (c) two new factor mutations out of 18 of the offspring tested. It is believed that the increase of chromosomal mutations was due to the radium treatment and that the radium may also have been responsible for the production of the compound chromosomai type Nubbin and for the two new factor mutations. Further experiments, however, will be necessary to determine whether in 26 fact radium has the power to induce new factor mutations and to break up chromosomes into parts which may be rearranged to form such compound types as Nubbin. It is planned to con- tinue the radium experiments in the near future. For the radium preparations used in these experiments, the authors are indebted to the Memorial Hospital, New York City, and the personal cooperation of Dr. Halsey J. Bagg, of the Hos- pital Staff. The Genetic Analysis of Garden and Field Peas (Pisum) By Orranp E. Wuire, Dorotuy I. NErr, and Mary ELLEN PECK Investigations on inheritance and variation in field and garden peas have been continued in 1926, along the lines mentioned in previous reports. Our original experimental stocks consisted of several hundred varieties and wild species collected through the assistance of many institutions and people from all over the pea- growing world. In addition to the importance of such a collec- tion for our own experimental work, we have been enabled to help others interested along similar lines by sending them seed of or information concerning the various types. Thus this col- lection has served to bring about interchange of ideas, and un- official cooperation between workers along this line in Sweden, Holland, England, Germany, Austria, Finland, Japan, Egypt, and various institutions in the United States. And this in turn has helped to prevent unnecessary duplication. Many of these varieties and species have peculiar and little known characters. Through crossing these different types, and studying the inheritance of the characters by which they differ and the relations of these characters to each other and to various environments, a better understanding of the laws underlying in- heritance and variation and of the importance of inheritance and environment in the organism’s make-up is obtained. Year by year new facts concerning the inheritance relations of pea char- acters are discovered, and these, when incorporated with those already known, serve not only to increase our understanding of how to make more desirable pea plants, but also more desirable plants and animals in general. 27 At the present time, through the combined work of all those interested in the hereditary make-up of peas, there is extant a considerable body of knowledge concerning the mode of inherit- ance of over 120 characters of peas. The effect which the pres- ence of many of these characters in the same plant has on eacii other is also known, as for example when the hereditary deter- miner for yellow pod is present in the same plant with one that we call purple-pod, the plant has beautiful rich red pods, pro- vided also the B determiner for flower color is present. If the determiner for green pod color is substituted for that of yellow, the pods on such a plant are dark, deep, but rather dull purple. In the presence of colored flowers a seed may have a rich brown network pattern, called Maple, but if the flowers are white, the pattern shows so dimly that we refer to it as Ghost-maple. We also have a fair understanding of the hereditary elements that primarily determine whether a plant shall bloom in fifty days from planting or very much later. We know that ie flowered plants in general are earlier blooming than those with colored flowers, irrespective of whether they are dwarfs or talls. The earliest bloomer of the several hundred varieties we have tested is in all cases Velocity, a variety with white flowers, and 10-15 long internodes (portions of stem between the leaves), From the internode standpoint, it belongs to the talls, although the trade refers varieties of this type to a class called half-dwarf. Many of the canner’s peas belong to this general class. Our latest flowering varieties are Spate Gold (a white-flowered, very tali type from Germany) and “ Ruby,” a tall colored-flower type with peas that are red when immature instead of the ordinary green. Colored flowers and late flowering on the one hand, and white flowers and early flowering on the other hand, are pairs of char- acters that, much of the time at least, are inherited together, though not always. This illustrates what we mean by speaking of the relations of characters to each other in inheritance. We are able to tell by the color of the seed whether the plant will produce pink, red-purple, or white flowers, because there is prac- tically an absolute association in inheritance between certain seed- coat colors and certain flower colors. Understanding of the manner of inheritance of pea characters 28 places us more and more in a position to combine many charac- ters together in a very definite fashion. In mapping the heredi- tary make-up of peas, we have been combining the characters ot various varieties into one variety, so as to make it unnecessary to deal with so many kinds. We now have varieties that differ from each other in as many as thirteen clear-cut characters, the tn- heritance of each of which is comparatively simple. Of course, they differ in many more characters, but these others are com- plex in their hereditary make-up; just as in the inheritance of pod size, of yield, and of time of flowering, many hereditary de- terminers, as well as many environmental conditions, govern the coming into being of the last mentioned type of characters. For this reason, for some problems, they are not so desirable to work with. Some characters are very sensitive to apparently slight differences in environment; others are not. For example, flower- color, various seed-coat colors, flowers in bouquets or umbels at the top of the plant or distributed along the stems as in ordinary peas, seeds stuck together in the pod (chenilles) or free as in ordinary varieties, scimitar-shaped pods, or straight pods, and many others are comparatively insensible to ordinary changes in —y environment. During 1926, studies on the inheritance of a new striping pat- tern of the seed-coat have, for the most part, been completed. This pattern, in the original form in which we obtained it, con- sisted of broad purplish stripes on a reddish gray seed-coat. The seed came from A. D. Darbishire (in England), who secured it from crossing a Chinese native pea with a form of “ Pisum wim- bellatum,’ a pink-flowered fasciated pea. He sent it to us as a true-breeding segregate for certain characters. So far as we know he never described it. We later obtained the same pattern from crossing a white-flowered Chinese pea that we obtained in Chinatown, New York City, with several colored-flowered va- rieties that we had produced ourselves. The Darbishire variety in our cultures is known as P 5, the white-flowered Chinese type from’ Chinatown is P 50. P 5, when crossed with a variety having pink flowers and non-striped seeds, gives all striped seed plants in the first hybrid or F, generation and a ratio ap- proximately of 3 plants with striped seeds to one without in the 29 second hybrid or F, generation. These results indicate that the two varieties in respect to striped seed-coat differ by one hereditary factor, which we refer to by the symbol St. When the white- flowered P 50 variety is crossed with a number of colored-flowered varieties with non-striped seed-coats, a more complex situation obtains in respect to the inheritance of the striped pattern. The first hybrid or F, generation from such a cross has colored flowers and striped seed-coats, but the second hybrid generation or Be produces progeny that fall into two classes in respect to the in- heritance of the striping pattern. Approximately nine out of every sixteen have striped seed-coats, while the remaining seven plants have no stripe on the seed-coats. One such F, family, out of 227 plants observed, had 131 with striped seed-coats to gO plants with non-striped seed-coats, the theoretical expectation in this case being 127. + striped to 99. + non-striped. The striped pattern appears only on plants with colored flowers and colored seed-coats, but not all these, even in such a hybrid family, have striped seed-coats. Taking into consideration both the inheritance of flower color and striping in the cross mentioned above, the theoretical expectation, provided the two kinds of characters are inherited independently of each other, would be 9 colored-flowered, striped seed-coat; 3 colored-flowered, non-striped; 4 white-flow- ered, non-striped out of every sixteen second hybrid or F, genera- tion plants. The results obtained approximate the theoretical ex- pectations in general, though there is some question as to whether they indicate complete independence in inheritance of the two sets of characters. The relation of stripe to many other characters in peas has been studied. Additional studies to those already reported on the inheritance of height in peas show that height is a very complex character and that talls crossed with dwarfs in some cases produce first genera- tion hybrids that are not as tall as the tall parent. From such crosses, several types of dwarfs and talls are produced. Some oi the dwarfs with colored flowers have proved to be about the latest flowering types we have found. 30 Inheritance Studies on Hollyhocks’ By Ortanp FE. Wuite and Mary ELLEN PECK Studies on the inheritance of flower color, leaf shape, and other characters in this popular garden plant have been continued during 1926. A collection of the various types and varieties 1s being made to facilitate these investigations. “ Hardiness,” Mutation, and the Geographical Distribution of Plants By OrRLAND E. WHITE My primary interest in this problem arose in connection with the idea that if mutations in plants take place in all directions and thus affect each kind of structure and function, there is no reason, a priori, to suppose that strictly tropical species may not produce mutants that would live in regions with much lower tem- peratures. In the January, 1926 number of the Brooklyn Botanic sarden Recorp, I published a short preliminary paper on this subject, outlining the problem and setting forth some facts and generalizations having to do with it. Since then I have been gathering data of a more specific nature. Such a problem ts difficult to investigate, since it is only by the merest accident that one might discover such mutants by growing seed of tropical species under lower temperature nations! Then, too, present methods of collecting seed of tropical woody or herbaceous peren- nial plants are unfavorable to bringing to light such mutants, be- cause most seed collectors secure their seed of a given species from a very few individuals. By searching through horticultural, gardening, forestry, and economic plant literature, and in other ways, data on this sub- ject are being accumulated. Several cases of Magnolia grandi- flora, hardy far north of its natural range, have been found. J. A. Neilson (Report Northern Nut Growers’ Assoc. 1925, p. 63) states that there is a pecan tree growing on the grounds ot Richard Martin, Hamilton, Ontario, which grew from a nut ob- tained from a tree in San Antonio, Texas, in 1914. The tree 1s now 18 feet high, 4 inches in diameter, and appears to be per- 31 fectly hardy. Trees of this same species over 50 years old, ob- tained from planting nuts from southern Indiana, are described by the same writer as hardy near Richmond Hill, Ontario, al- though they do not bear nuts except in the most favorable sea- sons. Z. H. Ellis, in the same volume, describes his experiments with pecans at Fair Haven, Vt. Most of his many attempts re- sulted in the seedlings winter-killing the first winter, but he has one tree, over 30 feet tall and a foot in diameter, that grew from seed obtained in Vermont. He states that it is the only pecan tree in his state. Recently, a 25-year-old Para rubber tree (Hevea eee has been discovered in an unprotected situation near Palm Beach, Florida (Official Record, U. S. Dept. Agric. 5: 39, 1926). Dunne this growth period, the account states, it must have withstood temperatures below freezing, perhaps as low as 24° F. to 28° F., and yet farther south, at Miami, there are records of trial plantings of this same species that apparently died from too low temperatures. Many less striking cases in other plants might be described, but these are reserved for a more extended and detailed account on this whole problem. Here, I wish to bring out two more points which have to do with this problem. In searching for data, I thought the floras of various rivers might help, particularly those that flowed from a frost-free or subtropical region into a much colder one. But apparently there are no such rivers. They all flow from a cold region into a warm region, as most of the tropical rivers do, or from a relatively cold into a much colder region, as in the case of those flowing into the Arctic Ocean. In no case were rivers found flowing through enough ranges in temperature to make their floras significant for this problem. The second point has to do with the ability of woody or her- baceous perennial plants to acquire immunity to cold without changing their hereditary constitution. M. J. Dorsey and J. W. Bushnell (The hardiness problem, Minn. Agric. Exper. Sta. Jour. Ser. Papers 242, p. 9) discuss this question in connection with the experiments of J. C. Whitten. Whitten obtained buds of Elberta and Old Mixon Free peach varieties from trees at different points between Michigan and Texas, and grew them at Columbia, Mo. In all cases, the trees grown from buds of the 4 — 32 same variety (hence having, generally speaking, the same heredi- tary constitution) reacted in a similar way as regards winter hardiness, no matter what their source. In other words, there appears to be no indication that a woody or perennial herbaceous plant can change its degree of hardiness, without changing its genetic makeup. imts Project By Grorce M. REED A statement regarding the Beardless Iris project established at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden in cooperation with the Ameri- can Iris Society was published in the last annual report. During the past year continued progress has been made in carrying out the plans inaugurated. The season proved unusually favorable r abundant bloom of the Japanese varieties, and consequently it was possible to obtain good material for use in making varietal descriptions. A considerable number of new varieties were added to the collection during the year. The sources of these were as follows. The asterisk (*) indicates a purchase; other items were received by gift. a ie) ail * Barr & Sons, England ree eT ey eo Tr 53 varieties Elliott Nursery Co., Pittsburgh, Pa...............-- 2 Henry A. Dreer, Philadelphia, Pa................... 12 a Julius Roehrs Co., Sages N. a a Ae eerie Ta 10 he * Vilmorin, Andrieux & Cie, France..........eceeeees 29 i W. Atlee Burpee Co., Philadel ae UE es aspect ee 5 B Phe Siberian and other Beardless ty] es also grew quite satis- factorily during the season, and abundant bloom was secured. Consequently, it was possible to check up on the proper identif- cation of many varieties and species. During the year a num- ber of additions were made. Plants of J. longipetala were donated by Mr. John B. Wallace, Jr.. New Haven, Conn., and Mr. Robert Wayman, Bayside, Long Island, and also poate of I. dichotoma by Mr. H. S. Jackson, Lafayette, Ind. J. laevigata was purchased from Mr. J. A. Kemp, Little Silver, N. J. Si- berian varieties were received as follows: 33 Mira niea Vien Gain pbellen) chico lili Cliente eiceeas (eeresen 5 varieties Mrs. W. G. DuMont, Des Moines, la.................. 2 Y Polar Wenivkhns Ibemanels bp lnsagocnauaccns os hasugsdot I ay W. Atlee Burpee Co., Philadelphia, Pa................. 2 - Mrs. J. Branin, San Lorenzo, Calif., sent seven varieties, mostly of the Spurian type and of her own origination. Mrs. L. W. Hitchcock, New Rochelle, N. Y., sent four seedlings of /. versi- color and I. orientalis, Miss Maud H. Purdy painted a number of 1 ferent varieties of Japanese and Siberian Irises. These illus- trations supplement those which were prepared during the pre- vious year. They are of the same high order of excellence and ve range of illustration of color and form lustrations of dttf- — — serve to greatly extend t in the varieties of these groups. Studies of the variation of the Boston Fern (Nephrolepis) By Rateu C. BENEDICT Experimental work on Nephrolepis forms has been continued along the lines of previous years; namely, the maintenance oi the numerous bud variations for further observation, and the experimental culture and study of various forms derived froni the spore-fertile strain. In both these groups are many forms of special interest, either because they are new, or undescribed, or insufficiently studied. The whole collection of the Nephrolepis variations is urgently in need of more extensive and intensive study. I want here to offer some observations on the present status of the work, and on certain potentialities of further study hea of this group. It is just about thirteen years since I first became interested in these ferns in connection with the preparation of a description of the cultivated ferns for the Cyclopaedia of Horticulture. It 1s just over twelve years that the hospitality of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and the facilities of greenhouse space were first made available. During the succeeding years my study of these ferns has involved the assembling of hundreds of different types for experimental culture and study at the Garden. In this work I have visited practically all the commercial florists who have in- 34 troduced new types in the United States, and by purchase and exchange, have obtained most of the named types listed by Eng- lish and French growers which were different from local kinds. Taking stock of what has been done, and considering other possibilities, let me offer an analysis of the present status of this Nephrolepis investigation, and some definite recommendations. (1) Maintenance of the Botanic Garden Collection. I think it is entirely safe to say that nowhere else has there been gathered so large and complete a collection of Boston Fern variants. Con- sidering the fact of the evolution of this group of hundreds oi distinct forms from one single form in less than twenty-five years, and considering the fact that many of these types are no longer obtainable from the florists who originally introduced them, it seems to me that the preservation of as large a set of distinci varieties as possible is a most desirable aim. This is particularly true in view of the fact that the study and descriptions of these forms have so far been necessarily brief and superficial. Her- barium specimens are most inadequate to preserve the important distinctive features, even of many leaf characters. (2) Description of Named Types. As noted above, most of the varieties have so far been described only sufficiently to show their relation to the lines of variation among the hundreds of types. From the horticultural viewpoint, a monographic descrip- tion of the named forms, with special consideration for their cul- tural characters, would seem worth while. From the scientific point of view, careful study of gross structure, of tissue- and cell-differences, would contribute greatly to our understanding of the basic differences between varieties. Comparative Anatomy and Morphology of Feral ana Horticultural Types. Coincident with the assembling of the horticultural forms, attention has been paid to getting together as many wild forms as possible, and a number of types have been obtained directly from the American tropics, as well as other wild types obtained through florists. Parallel studies of the varia- tion among the wild types as well as among the cultivated forms offer some very interesting possibilities. In this connection the basis for a much needed taxonomic monograph of the genus would be afforded. 39 (4) Cytology of Sports. Are there nuclear differences cor- responding to the wide external differences among these muta- tions? The serial nature of much of this Boston Fern mutation, the repetition of definite new types, the parallel variati all these facts arouse interest in the possibility of correlated cytologi- cal differences. (5) Cooperation with Florists. ‘“ What Boston Fern is best?” was used as the title of my series of articles in the Florists’ Ex- change and in other periodicals. In that connection sample sets of named varieties were distributed to a wide list of commercial florists and to agricultural colleges and experiment stations. A continuation of this cooperation would also afford the oppor- tunity, if properly organized, for the thorough testing, horti- culturally, of a large number of old and new varieties, for which the greenhouse space at the Botanic Garden is necessarily in- sufficient, as well as contributing to the advancement of horticul- tural knowledge. (6) Further Studies in the Variation of Boston Fern and Other Fern Types. The potentialities of the production of new types in the Boston Fern series are far from exhausted. In the spore- fertile group, it would be possible to raise new distinct types by the score within the next year. At present there is a considerable number of such forms, raised at the Garden, both of the fertilis strain, and among the bud-sports, which only wait for the time needed to prepare descriptions and discussion for publication. Regarding my own connection with the lines of study thus analyzed, I am hopeful that opportunity may offer which will allow me to take leave of school work for a term or two and thus to give more concentrated attention to the problems sug- gested. At the same time, there would be involved considerations of greater expenditure by the Botanic Garden for publication, illustration, greenhouse space, gardeners’ time. For my own time, I cannot speak definitely, except that it would be necessary for me to make up any difference between my regular schoo! salary and that which I might receive on the basis now allowed by the Sabbatical leave arrangement of the city Board of Education I have hoped that an arrangement along these lines might be pos- sible with the Botanic Garden, - ye Eee’ — _— ee i —_ ita a at aa 6 & % Fic. 5. Sorghum Hybrid (Feterita & Sumac Sorgo). At the extreme left is a stalk of Feterita, an excellent a sorghum, with large white kernels, whose average height 1s 4 to 5 feet; it is very resistant to covered kernel smut. The second stalk from the ae is Sumac Sorgo or “ Red op,” a sweet sorghum with small and dark reddish brown kernels. It averages 514 to 6% feet in height; it is very susceptible to covered kernel smut. The third stalk from the left is the first generation hybrid (F:) between Feterita and Sumac Sorgo. It is taller than either parent, the panicle is larger, and the kernels are intermediate in size and color. T he remaining twenty plants are the offspring of Number 3, or the second generation hybrid (I). These are arranged to show the great variation in height, the size and shape of the head, and the size and color of the grain. Their descendants show various combinations of the characters of Feterita and Sumac Sorgo such as height, pithy or juicy stem, white or colored and large or small kernels, and resistance or susceptibility to covered kernel smut. G2 ~l Plant Pathology By GrEorce M. REED Comparison of the Loose and Covered Smut of Oats The two smuts of oats, loose (Ustilago avenaec) and covered (Ustilago levis), are distinguished from each other by morphe- logical characters, pathological symptoms on the host, mode of distribution of the spores and, to some extent, the time of in- fection of the host. The spores of the two smuts are very simi- rape, but they can be distinguished from each —— lar in size and s other by the fact that the spores of the loose smut are roughened or spiny while those of the covered smut are smooth. The loose smut causes a more or less complete destruction of the head or panicle of the infected plant, practically all of the parts being destroyed and converted into a dusty mass of spores. These spores are usually distributed in the field during the flowering period of the oats. As a result, they are largely scattered by the wind before the grain is ripe and ready for the harvest. Re- cent investigators in Europe have studied the possibility of some type of flower infection in the loose smut. Since the spores are distributed in the held during the blossoming period of the plant, it has been suggested that they are carried to the young develop- ing flowers. There is considerable evidence that they may be thus carried, and find lodgment within the glumes, where they germinate and develop into a mycelium. When the seed is planted in the soil and germinates, the young seedling is pene- trated by the further growth of the smut mycelium. It has, however, been clearly demonstrated that infection by the loose smut may also take place in the seedling stage by means of spores adhering to the grain. In our studies, the regular method of inoculation has been the application of spores collected during the previous season to the dry oat seed. The fact that very com- monly we have secured 100 per cent. infection is conclusive evi- dence as to the infection of the seedlings by spores present on the exterior of the grain. The covered smut causes a less complete destruction of the head or panicle. The outer glumes of the spikelets usually persist 38 and enclose the spores, thus giving the common name to the smut. These spores remain enclosed until the harvesting and the thresh- ing operations, at which time they are more or less broken apart and scattered upon the sound grain. When the contaminated seed is planted, infection takes place in the young seedling by means of these spores adhering to the grain, For several years extensive studies on the resistance of oat varieties to these two smuts have been carried on. A very com- plete collection of oat varieties from all over the world, belong- ing to all the main groups of cultivated oats, has been used in these experiments. It has been found that most of the varieties of the common, or Sativa, type are susceptible to both species. As a tule, if a variety is susceptible to one species it is also sus- ceptible to the other, and if it is resistant to one it is resistant to the other. Several varieties of oats, however, have been found which appear to be more susceptible to the loose smut than to the covered, and a very few varieties have proved to be more sus- ceptible to the covered smut than to the loose. During the past year the behavior of these has been further studied, and additionai data on their resistance or susceptibility to the two smuts have been obtained. The varieties Black Diamond, Black Norway, Danish, Danish Island, Early. Gothland, Green Russian, Irish Victor, Japan, Monarch Selection, Scottish Chief, Trisperma and White Queen have proved to be highly susceptible to the loose smut, usually giving 100 per cent. infection, but they have give either negative results or low percentages of infection with the covered smut. On the other hand, Monarch has proved to be very susceptible to the covered smut, while showing a high degree of resistance to the loose. The cultivated oats derived from Avena sterilis have shown a high degree of resistance to both smuts. Some cultivated varieties of A. strigosa are equally sus- ceptible to both, while other strains possess a high degree ot Te sistance. A. brevis is highly resistant to the loose smut, but has eiven some infected plants with the covered, and A. barbata and A. fatua have proved to be very susceptible to both smuts. 39 Physiologic Races of Oat Smuts The results described in the above paragraph were obtained by using collections of loose and covered smut originally made in Missouri. One of the most important discoveries in our study has been the fact of host specialization of both species of smut, and further investigations along these lines have been continued. Collections of spores from various regions have been secured and have been tested out on a number of different varieties of oats. It has been clearly demonstrated that there are many distinct races of both loose and covered smut, characterized by their different behavior on certain oat varieties, and they can be sharply distinguished from each other by differences in their capacity for infection. While a number of new races have been more or less delimited during the past year, the new races of loose smut on Fulg and Red Rustproof oats are probably most interesting. These varieties are derived from the species A. sterilis, being grown quite extensively in the southern United States. While paz- ticularly adapted to the winter oat section, some strains of these varieties are proving well suited to the more southern spring oat gO. 1umM section. They are quite distinct from the A. sativa type, which includes most of the varieties grown in the main oat belt in the United States and Canada. Outside of the southern oat sec- tion these varieties have a reputation for being remarkably free from smut. In our previous studies, the races of smuts used have failed to produce any marked infection of either Fulghum or Red Rustproof. Three collections of smut, however, were obtained from the south, one each from Tennessee, Texas and Oklahoma, which have shown a marked capacity for infecting Fulghum. In our experiments six different strains of Fulghum were grown, and the percentage of infection varied from 53.6 per cent. to 97.8 per cent. The Fulghum race of smut is further characterized by its ability to infect Hulless, Black Diamond, Canadian, Early Champion, and, to some extent, Early Gothland and Monarch. It did not, however, pass over onto Red Rust- proof. A single collection of smut was obtained from Texas on Red Rustproof. This collection proved capable of infecting five dif- 40 ferent strains of Red Rustproof, the percentage varying from 25.9 per cent. to 70.8 per cent. ule an occasional plant of some other variety was infected, the evidence is that the Red Rustproof race is largely confined to strains of this variety. The extensive specialization of both loose and covered smut greatly complicates the studies on varietal resistance as well as rendering more complex the study of inheritance of smut resist- ance in hybrids. Certain varieties seem to be susceptible to a very large number of races, such as Canadian, Early Champion and Victor. The variety Monarch has proved quite resistant to the Missouri race of loose smut, but shows some susceptibility to the newly described Fulghum race. It is particularly interesting that so far Black Mesdag has proved entirely resistant to all the races studied, Inheritance of Smut Resistance in Oats Studies on the progeny of a cross between the very resistant Black Mesdag and the susceptible Hulless varieties have already been published. The second and later generations of this cross were studied with reference to their behavior towards the Mis- sourt race of loose smut. Additional crosses between these two varieties have been made, and during the past year the data on the second generation have been obtained, the results confirming those previously published. In the four families studied, the percentage of infection varied from 19.1 per cent. to 25.8 per cent., 107 plants out of a total of 465, or 23 per cent., being in- fected. Additional second generation plants of these same crosses were also tested with the covered smut, and the per- centage of infection varied from 12.2 per cent. to 26.5 per cent., 40 plants out of a total of 196 inoculated in all the crosses, or, 20.4 per cent., being infected. The second generation of crosses between varieties, both of which were susceptible to loose and covered smut, have also bee studied. One of these crosses was between Victor and Canadian, and the other between Hulless and Silvermine. All the plants inoculated in each experiment proved to be susceptible, 100 per cent. infection being obtained. A cross between Victor, which is susceptible to both smuts, and Early Gothland, which is sus- 41 ceptible to loose smut but resistant to covered, was also studied in the second generation. All the plants inoculated with loose smut were infected, while of the plants inoculated with covered smut, 18.1 per cent. were smutted. Varietal Resistance and Physiologic Specialization in Bunt of Wheat For a number of years studies on the bunt of wheat caused by Tilletia tritici and T. laevis, with particular reference to varietal resistance, have been carried on. Dr. James A. Faris, formerly Resident Investigator at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, published his studies on these two species, his experiments being concerned primarily with ¢ — ary etermining the influence of certain en- vironal factors on infection, such as temperature, moisture, soil re- action, etc. In the course of his studies, however, he found some evidence of a host specialization of these smuts. These clues have been followed up and a large amount of additional data has been obtained. The evidence is now clear that both species of bunt of wheat contain highly specialized races which are dis- tinguished by their capacity for infecting certain varieties ot wheat. The variety Martin, which has shown a high degree of resistance to the usual collections of bunt, has proved to be quite susceptible to some coilections of spores. Additional experiments are in progress to determine more completely the limits of some of these races. Experiments with the Covered Kernel Smut of Sorghum The main studies during the past year have been concerned with a continuation of the investigations on the inheritance of resistance of certain crosses between sorghum varieties to the covered kernel smut. A large amount of additional data has been secured on the second, third and fourth generations. A cross between the very resistant Feterita and the susceptible Sumac Sorgo seems to indicate that susceptibility is dominant and resistance recessive, since a large proportion of the second gen- eration plants are infected. During the past year, in one cross 69.6 per cent. and in another 67.1 per cent. of the plants were smutted, as compared with 86.1 per cent. of the plants of the 42 susceptible parent, Sumac Sorgo, and no infection of the resistant Feterita. The third generation families have shown great varia- tion in the amount of smut, some being entirely resistant, while others are very susceptible, and the morphological characters of the two parents are variously combined with the quality of smut resistance or susceptibility. The cross between White Milo and Blackhull Kafir seems to indicate that resistance is dominant and susceptibility is reces- sive. During the past season 17.1 per cent. of the second genera- tion plants were infected, as compared with 47.7 per cent. ot Blackhull Kafir and no infection of the White Milo. The in- fection of the Blackhull Kafir varied greatly in the different ex- periments, the highest obtained being 66 per cent. In the third and fourth generations we find various combinations of charac- ters, several greatly resembling Blackhull Kafir, but showing a high degree of resistance. A very serious difficulty in the study of this problem has been that of securing infection of the maximum number of suscep- tible plants. We have not been able to devise methods for use on a large scale which are successful in securing the infection ot all susceptible individuals. During the past year, Sumac Sorgo las given a higher infection than usual, while, on the other hand, the results with the Blackhull Kafir have been below those of previous years. — Additional crosses between various sorghums have been made. and the first generation was grown during the past season. The second generation will be available for study during the coming year. Head Smut of Sorghum and Corn This fungus is particularly interesting because of its occurrence on both sorghum and corn. The studies reported upon last year have been continued. Various methods have been employed to secure infection, which have involved for the most part varia- tions in the age of seedlings and in the culture of spores in the soil. Various combinations of spore-soil cultures and seedlings of different ages have been carried out. Unusually severe in- fections of corn with spores from corn occurred throughout a > 45 wide range of conditions. The highest infection secured was g1.6 per cent., although infections above 80 per cent. were fairly common, Similarly, the Red Amber Sorgo proved to be very susceptible to spores from sorgo, the highest infection obtained being 84.6 per cent. In 1925 there was no infection of sorghum with spores from corn, nor infection of corn with spores frorn sorghum. During the past season, however, some evidence was obtained to indicate that the smut from corn could pass over onto sorghum, since in a few experiments the sorgo inoculated with spores from corn were infected, the highest percentage being 20 per cent. Similarly, a few corn plants inoculated with spores from sorghum were also infected, the highest percentage being 10.7 per cent. in one experiment. These results indicate that to some extent, at least, the smut from one host can pass over onto the other. Tris Diseases The disease of Iris, which is characterized by the destruction of the fibrous roots, proved to be very severe during the past season, a large number of the bearded varieties being severely injured and prevented from blooming. The disease is characterized by the decay of the fibrous roots, which prevents the plant from getting water and essential nutrients from the soil. As a rule the rhizome remains fairly healthy. Miss Marjorie Swabey, Research Assistant, carried out a large number of experiments with a view to finding a remedy for the disease. Several ot them proved effective. They were, however, all radical, as they involved the lifting of the rhizome, its treatment and subsequent replanting. While the variety may be preserved by this process, yet the operation is destructive to bloom during a particular sea- son. It was found that if the rhizomes were lifted, cleaned and exposed to the sun for a few days, and then replanted in a new soil they generally put out roots and leaves and fully recovered from the trouble. Cryptogamic Herbarium Only a few additions were made to the Cryptogamic Herbarium during the past year. The last two centuries, containing two hundred specimens, of the North American Uredinales were Fic. 6. 3ed ¢ { “ Four-o’clocks ’ (Mirabilis jalapa), used in the Ecological Garden to illustrate Mendel’s laws of heredity. (6014.) HP 45 added by purchase. We also secured seventy specimens of Ustilagineen Europas, issued by H. Zillig. Nine specimens were received from the Museum of the University of Cluj, Rumania, on exchange. Dr. Herman Poeverlein of Speyer, Germany, sent us one hundred and twenty-eight specimens of rust on exchange. Forest Pathology By ARTHUR HARMOUNT GRAVES Chestnut Bark Disease Investigations In the work of 1925, the results of which have been published elsewhere (Science 63: 164-105. 1926; and Phytopathology 16: 615-621. 1926), it was definitely established, through the data resulting from inoculation work, that the roots of the chestnut are more resistant to the blight fungus than the trunk, branches, or basal shoots. The cause of this greater resistance of the roots was referred hypothetically to the known greater quantity of tannin in the root tissues, the published statement being as fol- lows: “In view of previous work indicating an inhibitory effect of tannin on the growth of fungi, it is suggested that the greater resistance of the root tissues may be due, at least in part, to their ereater content of tannin compounds or of substances associated with tannin.” (Phytopath. 16: 620.) However it is possible that the comparative lack of air, as well as other external factors which are materially different in the ground and in the atmosphere, may produce a retarding effect on the growth of the fungus in the tissues of the host below the fila surface of the soil. During the past summer, in order to test the effect of these external factors, three series of inoculations were made, in each case on an equal number of roots, and trunks or shoots of the same tree. In each series, after inoculation, the roots were treated in a different way, as follows: Series I. Left exposed to the air. Series II. Covered with soil. Series III. Covered with dead leaves. 46 It is proposed to let these inoculations run for a year before the erowth measurements of the fungus are taken, in order to make them comparable with the previous experiments. Reports still continue to come in of nuts borne on coppice or basal shoots of blighted trees which, as before stated (Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Record 15: 59), is an encouraging indication that the chestnut has yet a long lease of life. As long as it is able to re- produce by sexual methods, the probabilities of its becoming extinct are very slight. Nectria Canker This is the most serious disease of the Black or Sweet Birch (Betula lenta)—certainly in Greater New York and vicinity and northward, and probably throughout the whole range of the Black sirch. During the last six years we have seen several large birches die out from this cause in Prospect Park (Brooklyn). The most apparent symptoms are rough areas on the bark of the trunk or branches. On the trunk these areas are stnken and often covered by old bark. Where this outer covering has broken off, the canker, if of typical form, appears as a deep pit, lined witii successively receding concentric rings or ellipses of wood some- what like the tiers of seats encircling an amphitheatre, these an- nual recessions representing apparently the periods of advance of the fungus in the healthy tissues of the tree. The deep central point of the canker represents the place of original infection by the fungus, and although in an old canker it may be deep in the trunk, nevertheless, at the time of infection, years ago, it was probably at or near the surface. As is evident, the disease pro- gresses slowly, and the affected tree may live for a long time. A large tree near Whitestone, L. I., with a trunk of about 2% feet in diameter breast high, had a canker about 1% feet in diameter. Where small branches or twigs are affected they often appear considerably swollen. The fruiting bodies of the fungus | Creonectria coccinea (Pers.) Seaver], which causes the trouble, appear during September or October, scattered singly or in twos or threes in crevices in the rough bark bordering the canker. They are very tiny, but can be distinguished by the naked eye (being a little less than 4% mm. in diameter), appearing as small, 47 bright crimson dots. In reality they are ovoid in shape, as cau readily be seen with a good hand lens. During the winter they can usually be found at the margins of the cankers. In the sum- mer season I have found another type of spore (conidia) borne on the surface of the diseased tissue. I have found the Nectria canker affecting also the Paper Birch and Yellow Birch in Maine. Experimental studies (Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Rec. 15: 59. 1926) have shown that the same fungus is the malefactor here. There is reason to believe that the gray birch is also susceptible. No remedies seem to be practicable as far as cankers on the trunk are concerned, unless one wishes to subject the tree to the rather expensive process of cutting out of the diseased area. Even in this case, one could never be certain of removing all of the dis- eased wood, and furthermore, an unsightly cavity would be left. (We do not subscribe to the practice now in vogue of filling cavi- ties with cement, etc.) However, in case small twigs are affected, they should be removed as soon as possible, making the cut some distance below the affected area, i.e., toward the trunk of the tree. The diseased parts should be burned, in order to destroy the spores, and the cut ends of the twigs on the tree should be promptly painted over with ordinary lead paint to prevent fresh infections. — For owners of woodlands the only practicable measure is to remove these diseased trees at the earliest convenient opportunity —either during improvement thinnings or during any other cut- ting. Thus the fungous spores will be prevented from infecting the sound trees, young and old, that otherwise are almost certain, sooner or later, to contract the disease. The diseased portions, and particularly the bark surrounding them, should be burned. To determine the rate of growth of the fungus in the tree and also its effect on the timber, as well as other data, inoculations on healthy sweet birches on land of the writer in Hamden, Conn., were made in 1918 These cankers have grown slowly ever since, but beyond inspection of them each year, no further work has been done. In October, Dr. Perley Spaulding, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, informed the writer that he had observed what was apparently the same disease causing much damage to Yellow oy) 48 Birch (Betula lutea) near Bolton, Vermont. On a subsequent trip to Brooklyn and examination of Sweet Birches affected with the canker in Prospect Park, as well as some of the dried speci- mens belonging to the writer, Dr. Spaulding said that he believed the Yellow Birches were affected with the same trouble. Systematic Botany Frankeniaceac. By ALFRED GUNDERSEN During 1926 I have continued studies of the structure of flow- ers as related to the general classification of dicotyledons. I have given special attention to the Frankeniaceae, a small family of widely distributed subtropical plants of both hemispheres The striking resemblance of the pinks (Dianthus) to the Fran- kenias was recognized by the earlier botanists: Linnaeus, Jussieu, DeCandolle, Bentham and Hooker. In the Engler system, how- ever, the Pink Family was moved near the Goosefoot Family, doubtless also a natural connection. Thus it came to be widely separated from the Frankeniaceae. A recognition of the natural relationship of Pinks and Frankenia would involve important changes in the grouping of dicotyledons. It would necessitate the moving of the families of Goosefoot Amaranth, Purslane, Pink and others to a position more advanced than the Fran- keniaceae; and a rearrangement of Engler’s sequence of these families would be required. Preliminary results were presented before the Torrey Botanical Club in February. On my European trip I have continued these studies and have obtained numerous specimens of the Frankeniaceae. Ecology and Plant Geography By NorMaANn TAYLOR Vegetation of Long Island While field work had to be restricted because of lack of funds, active work on this project was continued at the Garden. Studies of soil fertility, humus accumulation, and hydrogen-ion concen- tration carried on during the year indicate that there is a definite relation between the stage of succession of the vegetation and the 49 accumulation of available nitrogen in the soil, and that some time- scale for such a process can be worked out. Work was also continued on the climatic factors that affect the distribution of vegetation on Long Island, and the accumu- lated material and notes written up in a paper on “ Climate of Long Island: Its relation to forests, crops and man,” which was accepted for publication as a Bulletin of the New York Agricul- tural Experiment Station at Ithaca. In an island as short as Long Island, it is surprising that there is enough diversity in the climate to affect the distribution of plants, of crops, and of man. But such is emphatically the case. The extreme eastern end is cooler by 8° to 10° in summer and has a shorter frost period in winter than the western end, and re- sembles more nearly a true maritime climate. Its isolated position, surrounded by cool sea water, makes it relatively free from the sudden cold snaps, that, originating on the continent, strike west- ern Long Island with some violence. Studies on the temperature of the sea water show that at Mon- tauk it is from 4° to 10° cooler than the sea water near New York, and the effect of persistent southwest winds over this cool water makes summer temperatures so attractive that the resort value of the region from the Hamptons eastward is based upon this fact. One marked effect of this sea water on eastern Long Island is its relation to potato planting in the spring, and brussels sprouts harvesting in the fall. During March, April, and May, the coci water makes conditions on land admirable for early potato plant- ing and young growth. So marked is this coolness that the lilac and other plants habitually flower from 8 to 12 days later there than in Brooklyn. In the late autumn the accumulation of sum- mer heat in the sea water makes the first killing frost at Montauk and Orient come 10 to 20 days later than on western Long Island an obvious harvesting asset. It is, also, only at this relatively cooler end of the island that we find a few wild plants of far northern affinities. Whether relicts of glacial times, or dropped by migratory birds, the persistence of plants like the crowberry, the red spruce, the sea lovage, and a few others, is undoubtedly due to the fact that temperature con- ditions at the eastern end are vastly different from those at the western end of Long Island. 50 Flora of Long Island Almost no field work was done during the year, but herbarium studies were continued. Collections from Mr. William C,. Fer- guson, Mr. Roy Latham, and Mr. E. S. Miller were mounted and added to the Long Island herbarium, as well as considerable material of older collections, which has been identified. All these records have been posted on the distribution maps of the manu- script “ Flora of Long Island.” Fic. 7. Maize. Two inbred parent strains, one on each side; their first generation (F,) hybrid progeny represented by the two central rows. 6017.) o1 REPORT OF THE CURATOR OF PLANT BREEDING AND ECONOMIC PLANTS FOR 1926 Dr. C. Stuart GAGER, DIRECTOR. Sir: I beg to submit herewith my report for the year ending December 31, 1926. In addition to the investigational work on field and garden peas, and hollyhocks, and on hardiness in woody and herbaceous peren- nial plants, mentioned in the Reports on Research for 1926 (p. 00), I have continued in charge of the “ Ecological Section ”’— with its various beds of exhibits and demonstrations designed to show how plants are fitted to meet the problems of existence. Many of the most curious plants in the Garden collections are to be seen growing here. ‘The section comprises several types of en- vironment and ultimately more are to be added, in the form of Old and New World desert plots with some of the plants that typically characterize them. At present, the different types of plant surroundings are represented by a small bog, a swamp, a section of a brook, and beds with ordinary and other types of soils. The bog contains sundews and pitcher plants and needs to be extended and improved and made much more naturalistic. The swamp contains a multitude of typical swamp and shore-line plants, the whole area being dominated in naturalistic effect by the European wild Yellow Flag, the floating water fern (Azolla), ar- rowheads (Sagittaria), and the tropical Water Hyacinth (Ei- chornia) that 1s such a problem to river navigation in some of the warmer parts of the world. A fine clump of Orontium aquaticum or Goldenclub is one of the newer features of this area. The small island has been planted to English ivy, and during the next summer it is planned to infest it with a luxuriant growth of Dodder (Cuscuta). During the last two years a species of this orange-colored parasite has been found to grow well on this ivy. The contrast between the colors of the two plants gives a very striking effect, and thus intrigues the casual visitor into a desire for more intimate details of what he or she sees. Among the more interesting and curious plants in the beds west of the swamp are the ant-feeding Bull’s-horn Thorn (Acacia) of 52 Central America, whose place in the scheme of things in that world is so graphically described by Thomas Belt in “ The Natu- ralist in Nicaragua.” These plants in their natural home and the ants form a mutual aid society, according to Belt—the ants pro- tecting the plant and the plants furnishing food and housing. The food consists of honey and of little yellow fruit-like bodies that are said to be highly nitrogenous, and grow at the tip of each tiny leaflet. The Edible-stemmed Grape (Vitis quadrangularis) 1s another bizarre tenant of this section. It comes originally from northern Africa and the warmer parts of Asia, and its stems are used for food in India, instead of its fruit. Its stem is very succulent and this, together with its small insignificant leaves, often leads even plant specialists to mistake it for a cactus or euphorbia. Part o a bed is devoted to the common tropical Sensitive Plant (7 can and in other beds there are specimens of the Castor Bean plant (Ricinus), with its exploding seed capsules ; the Squirting Cucum- ber (Ecballium), that shoots its seeds from a ripe fruit with con- siderable force to a distance of ten feet or more; the Spanish Bayonet (Yucca) with its indispensable, black-eyed, silver gray little moths; and Kentucky Hemp, with a blue-flower parasite (Orobanche ) that lives on its roots and takes its toll of hemp plant foo During the last year two new demonstration beds have been added, both dealing with inheritance problems. One of these plots consists of two exhibits, the plants used being Indian corn or maize. The first exhibit shows two inbred strains of maize and the much more vigorous and prolific progeny that result from crossing them (Fig. 7). The other exhibit involves two very dwarf (less than a foot mien) but distinct varieties of yellow dent maize called ““ Nana” and “ Dwarf.” These, when crossed, give first generation progeny over seven feet high (Fig. 8). Both these exhibits attracted special interest. The seed from which they were grown was received through the kindness of the De- partment of Plant Breeding, Connecticut Agricultural Experi- ment Station, and Dr. D. F. Jones. The other new demonstration feature of genetic interest was a bed of Four-o’clocks showing the results of crossing a yellow- D0 flowered variety with a pink-flowered variety, and illustrating Mendel’s law of segregation. The two parents and, between them, the first hybrid generation plants were shown in the first row. The other two rows contained plants of the second hybrid generation, in the kinds and proportions of each theoretically ex- pected when two pairs of Mendelian factors are involved. Thus in this cross, the two parents are yellow (YYrr) and rose pink (yyR?R?). The first hybrid generation plants have rose red flowers. The plants of the second hybrid generation are repre- sented in the bed in the ratio in which they occur, by 1 deep crim- son: 2 rhodamine purple: 2 scarlet red: 4 rose red: 1 vellow (like the parent flower color): 2 light yellow: 1 rose pink (like the male parent flower color): 2 light pink: 1 white. The colors, of course, refer to the flowers. Four-o'clocks are especially fine material for illustrating Men- delian laws of heredity for a number of reasons. They are com- paratively free from disease, easily grown, attractive in appear- ance, continuous bloomers, and they already have interesting as- sociations for the general public, since they are flowers of the old-fashioned flower gardens and since their flowers open and close according to certain environmental conditions. Furthermore, the tuberous roots live over winter easily when placed in a little sand in a dry, cool cellar, and farther south they live over out-of-doors. There are records of the roots living for over twenty-five years. The dome or mound-like habit of growth of the plants lends itself to orderly arrangement without distract- ing supports. Hence, the exhibit plot, appropriately labeled, can be arranged almost diagrammatically—the parents, F, (first filial), I, (second filial) generations, etc. In some regions such an exhibit bed could be enclosed with a low hedge of dwarf box or of other suitable materials. The plants are crossed easily. The flower colors are distinct and striking, and the heterozygotes (hybrid plants that do not breed true) of every genetic type are distinguishable by the beginner and the layman. Last of all, the great range of flower colors has a simple genetic basis—five factors in all, excluding the striping pattern—these being Y, R, R°, y, andr. Our exhibit proved quite effective; though it Shon ee ited more sun. The plants for this exhibit came from Mr. — 54 Francis P. Kiernan, one of our own employees, who has been interested in the eenetics of Four-o’clocks for many years. A paper embodying the results of some of his studies recently ap- peared in The Journal of Heredity for October, 1926. Another new feature of the “ Ecological Section” is a bridge over the brook, just below the brook’s exit from.the swamp. This opens up a new and beautiful vista through the trees to those in- terested (Plate 00). The section is situated in one of the most beautiful parts of the Garden, and as I have stated in previous reports, it falls far short of what it might be, because of a lack of expert gardening as- sistance. For over three years, I have been interested in an aquarium culture apparently involving largely the alga, Chlorela vulgaris This is a very minute green plant which is used frequently in physiological research. It multiplies enormously in an ordinary round glass battery jar under the usual light and temperature con- ditions of a dwelling or office. Generally my cultures have been kept in a north window, although for some months they did equally well or better in a west window. The culture under our conditions is practically non-odorous, and when kept in the proper dilution gives the appearance of a beautiful translucent rich green solution. During this period, four medium-sized gold fish have been domiciled in this culture jar, which is 12 inches high and 734 inches in diameter, and of about two gallons capacity. The water has been changed only by replacing that which evaporated, and once in six months or a year, the culture has been thinned, and the bot- tom and sides of the jar cleaned. During this period four ten cent cans of “ Rainbow” or similar fish food have been used. The fish have remained apparently in perfect health. This note is presented at this time in the belief that these observations might be of practical value to those interested in household and other aquariums. It seems to me that an aquarium prepared in this manner would be more ornamental and of far less trouble than those in common use. The golden red fish against a velvety, rich emerald green is very striking, and the plant culture, when kept properly diluted, only serves to conceal the fish for part of the time. Professor Tracy Elliot Hazen, of Barnard College, determined the alga for me. Dd About one hundred new lantern slides, many of them colored, have been added to the collection of subjects for illustrating lec- tures and talks on economic plants. As for several years past, I have been editor of the Genetics Section of Botanical Abstracts, which involves the editing, ab- stracting and securing of abstracts of several hundred scientific ic. 8. Maize, showing two dwarf parent varieties (“ Nana” and “ Dwarf’), one on each side; their very tall, vigorous, first generation (F:) hybrid offspring between them. (6018.) papers and books annually. In the new abstract journal, Bio- logical Abstracts (which supersedes Botanical Abstracts), I have charge of the Plant Genetics section. In April, I was re-elected one of the officers and a member of the board of directors of the John Burroughs Memorial Association. 56 Numerous inquiries regarding economic plants, heredity, plant breeding, and South America have been answered, and I have given at various times and places public lectures on these sub- jects, as listed in Appendix 4. Respectfully submitted, OrRLAND E. WHITE, Curator of Plant Breeding and Economic Plants REPORT OF THE -CURATOR OF PLANTS FOR 1926 Dr. C. Stuart GAGER, DIRECTOR. Sir: I beg to submit herewith my report for the year 1926. Collections Among plants of special interest added to the collections of living plants last year may be mentioned the California Tree Poppy (Dendromecon rigidum), the Chilean Beech (Nothofagus betuloides), and Ternstroemia japonica. An inventory of conservatory monocotyledons, taken in Jan- uary, showed the number of these, other than orchids, to be: genera, 162; species, 344; of orchids: genera, 27; species, 66. The Iris Plantings have been in the special care of Dr. George M. Reed who reports as follows . “The beds in the systematic section designed to show the dif- ferent species of the genus Iris were completely overhauled. Many of the plants in these beds had been grown from seed and proved untrue to name. It was therefore necessary to completely rearrange the plantings. Additional species were added, and the beds now contain a fair representation of species which grow sat- isfactorily in this region. A number of Bearded Iris were also added to the collection during the year, all gifts. Mr. Robert Wayman, Bayside, L. I., sent us 51 varieties, Mrs. J. Branin, San Lorenzo, Calif., Mes L. W. Hitchcock, New Rochelle, N. Y., tT, and VW. nee Burpee Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 12 varieties.” Labels and signs were made by Mr. John McCallum as follows: 57 Labels and Signs Steel labels for the herbaceous beds............ 00.0 e eee eee 324 Steelstamiuly, labels tors the bedSwante con ow wetee cena ae ee 56 Iead labels tor ‘woody, plants s45 esac ic eee II Lead labels for conservatory plants............2...0 eee ee eee 12 Large wooden labels for horticultural forms.............0005 20 Simalilgawood cialabel Sherer rene pra rere er err ee: 233 AAVKovara laluhacst an ekrns See ots ky cee ee re TE eS Meaty erat Sky Prien rs 37 ATG DOAGC pagSI OTS ier ae satg tea cep eae ea erarem re et eee rencesoitere arcs Stays ee 239 IB es Bas ae ee sO TU oR SERCO ors ee SN Et 932 Also numerous other miscellaneous numbers and signs. An International List of Cultivated Plants In correspondence which has progressed for about three years, a number of botanic gardens have expressed themselves as fa- vorable toward the formation of an /nternational List of Genera of Cultivated Plants. Our Communication No. 7, published in May, included letters from five gardens, and from Mr. J. Horace McFarland, chairman of the American Joint Committee on Horti- cultural Nomenclature. He proposes that “ Standardized Plant Names,” which follows in the main Bailey’s Cyclopedia of Horti- culture, and contains specific as well as generic names, should be adopted for some years, with such reservations as the various gardens may require. The Communication No. 7 also contained a list of about 2500 generic names, following lines indicated as most generally acceptable, and a brief list of names frequently employed, as to which usage differs. Immediately following the Ithaca International Botanical Con- eress, which I attended, I left for Europe. After some weeks in the mountains of Norway, I visited botanic gardens in Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland, France, and England, a most interesting and instructive journey about which I will later report. The main object of my trip was to discuss with European botanists the possibility of the formation of an international list of plants. Plant lists are used by nearly every botanic garden. If similar lists could be used, the building up and maintenance of the most interesting collections would be greatly simplified. Various prac- tical difficulties, climatic, historical, and financial, exist in the way of more effective international cooperation. Yet it is evident +58 that many botanic gardens would be disposed to make certain con- cessions in the direction of greater uniformity, at least in the mat- ter of plant families and the most frequently used genera. In general, the smaller gardens appear to be disposed to follow the lead of the more important institutions in this matter. Phanerogamic Herbarium Among the collections acquired last year were 345 specimens from Mr. E. S. Miller, 121 Rumanian specimens from the Cluj Botanic Garden, 53 specimens from Kodiak Island, Alaska, from Mrs. B. Underwood, and 148 Florida specimens from Dr. H. J Banker. Lectures and Class Work During March I gave three lectures on “ Evolution in Flower- ing Plants.” During May and June I conducted outdoor lessons on “ Spring Flowers and Ferns,” eight in the garden and eight at various points in the vicinity of New York. Personal Activities During the year I continued as chairman of the field committee of the Torrey Botanical Club. Statistics Living plants received during 1926: Seeds received: Plants Species Voexchang@ayc wpm etic. cy 882 By exchange....... 463 137 By. = purchaser. tian 23 iy not besviann scoop thers 211 46 Bee Ba hahaa aay seks 41 By purchase... <6. 783 113 Neier Derived from seed. 78 78 ARG} ti rete: Morente cy ener 046 374 Seeds distributed: Living plants distributed: Bir ONGDONRG ogee tna 1,803 BViNex Chall @ Gaatern seit 7 MOF MeInberste. 7, wa eens 1,267 Bitexchan sae. ss ert eet 121 —— Byatt ths Aes oy eee hae 550 lahat Mere ee ann aan eta tay 1,337 —— ETO tralia Gee pence cat See reer seeder 680 Respectfully submitted, ALFRED GUNDERSEN, Curator of Plants Fic. 9. Penny Packets of seeds for school chilc of seeds ordered by their schools. 1 ren. Messengers from various Public Schools getting the Over 550,000 packets distributed in 1926. (5450.) pore bundles 6S 60 REPORT OF THE CURATOR OF PLANTS AND PLANTATIONS FOR 1926 Dr. C. Stuart GAGER, DIRECTOR. Sir: I take pleasure in submitting my fifteenth and last annual report as curator of plants and plantations. The work of the department during 1926 was largely of a main- tenance nature, but some new work was accomplished : t. Erection of new Botanic Garden signs at all the gates. 2. Two sets of wooden steps built at lower end of the esplanade. 3. Experimental enclosure between greenhouses and Washington Avenue prepared and fenced. 4. Two simple bridges built across the brook, one of stone near the ecological section, and one of concrete near the chil- dren’s garden. 5. Grading south of the manure pit to increase size of the service yard. The labor conditions, pointed out in my last report, remain the same, if anything, a-little worse. Diversion of men, who should spend all their time in purely maintenance work, to the gardening force, or to the experimental enclosure, leaves the foreman under- manned for general work. Personal Activities During the autumn I visited Kew, the British Museum, and the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris. I have continued my association with the Long Island Historical Society. Respectfully submitted, NorMAN TAYLOR, Curator of Plants and Plantations 61 REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURIST AND HEAD GARDENER FOR 1926 Dr. C. Stuart GAGER, DIRECTOR. Sir: I beg to submit herewith my report for the year ending December 31, 1926. In addition to routine maintenance, gardening work was as follows: General Systematic Section In continuation of the policy of clearly defining the limits of the Orders and Families of plants in this Section limiting hedges of the following plants were set out in the spring: Prunus tomen- tosa, P. triloba, Spiraea “ Anthony Waterer,” Rubus odoratus, lex crenata and I. glabra. These, in addition to fulfilling the pur- pose outlined above, will serve to show their value as unusual hedge plants. The crowded condition of the trees and shrubs in the area allotted to the Apples and their relatives (Pomaceae) clearly called for drastic treatment so that individual specimens could have op- portunity for proper development. As a result of a re-study of the adjacent areas by yourself, the Consulting Landscape Archi- tect, and the writer, it was found possible to re-align the borders of the Magnoliaceae so as to provide more room for the Pomaceae. The work of thinning out the crowded trees and transplanting them to the new area was carried out in the fall. Ornamental Planting A large number of appropriate plants were set out in the rock garden, in the vacant spaces left by the removal of “ filler” plants mentioned in my 1925 report. Some of this new material was derived from seed received in exchange from other botanic gardens, and a great deal as seeds or plants from the rich alpine collection of Mr. Clarence Lown of Poughkeepsie, who has al- ways been most generous in his exchanges with the Botanic Garden. During the summer thirteen new beds were made along the N.W. side of the avenue of Japanese Flowering Cherries to ac- 62 commodate bearded Irises—an overflow from the main plantation along the brook. The planting that has been carried out in previous years is now paying dividends in the form of beauty—as witness the wonderful display of spring flowering bulbs naturalized in the lawns; the various flowering trees and shrubs, such as Apples and Cherries, Snowballs and Golden Bells; the Waterlilies, and the Hindu Lotus in the lake. The latter is now so vigorous that it became neces- sary during the summer to mow with a scythe the outskirts of the planting, lest it fill the whole lake. Some of the more quickly maturing shrubs are now assuming the proportions of “ speci- mens,’ for example, the Harlequin Glorybower, Clerodendron trichotomum, illustrated on p. 14. Attention was directed to this particular specimen in a letter to “ The Florists’ Exchange ” by Dr. Carl A. Schwarze, who described it as “a wonderful shrub ... that looked like a huge bouquet.” International Seed Exchange The 1926 Exchange Seed List was restricted to herbaceous plants, and seeds of 7or species, available for exchange in the spring of 1927, were collected in the Garden and elsewhere. The distribution of seeds (of trees and shrubs only) in the spring of 1920 to various countries is shown below: TABLE I No. of No. of No. of No. of Country Institutions Packets Country Institutions Packets WStila se. Baeentns 4 Je WelT ls ves cee cans eee 22 Beloit. teers e, aie I 3 Jugoslavia ......... I 41 Canada pe tars tae: 2 35 Laithiaiiiay veges oral I 62 tr Tar air I 48 Polandtt careers 2 82 Czechoslovakia .... 2 88 Routmania see aoe I 14 England: 2 cce 6 82 TRUSS eee ae 3 163 Esthonidy 223-64 que I 30 Scotland: cee I 14 Ateclin G Ge eeedtee ewes ees Il 280 South America .... I 8 Genmany, i325 fee 14 256 SS Pale. cs Hae Se 2 45 lolland: nice, 3 48 DWeCEM aot ee 5 120 Panearys e055 eee. 2 O04 Switzerland ....... 6 101 lise baad. tae cn or ee I 1 United States ..... 9 213 Titer ea seer ea eee 4 50 — ne Fic. 10. Shakespeare Garden, July 23, 1926. Members of the Botanic Garden Boys and Girls Club playing a game to see who can recognize and name the largest number of plants mentioned by Shakespeare. This garden was the gift of Mr. Henry C. Folger. (5956.) €9 64 Educational Work In addition to several outside lectures, I conducted two courses for the general public at the Botanic Garden; namely, Gardening in the Fall, and Plants in the Home. In response to requests by various members of the Botanic Garden, I visited their gardens give advice on garden problems, and many questions relating to plant culture have been answered at the Garden. Respectfully submitted, MONTAGUE FREE, Horticulturist and Head Gardener. os ° REPORT OF THE CURATOR OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION FOR 1926 Dr. C. Stuart GAGER, DIRECTOR. Sir: I take pleasure in submitting herewith my report for the year ending December 31, 1926: Classes, Courses, and Attendance The total number of adults electing courses at the Garden dur- ing 1926 was 350. Of these, 234 were new. It has become in- creasingly desirable to learn the sources from which newcomers have derived their information about our courses. In order to get definite data, we issued to each registrant this year a card on which, among other things, was a questionnaire on this point. Of the 234 new students, 80 neglected to answer the question- naire. ‘The answers of the 154 others were distributed as fol- Mbhrough. fmiends» stormer Students..c ssn aes reece os 52 Pirommniews paper “articles sa... ,8. 2 2s cee Re esc aloe 4! From circulars sent out by the Garden (Including Brooklyn MeachersvAssociation circulars)! 4). 500.00 $ 1,500.00 Ecpended ry arese pete yer caenet ercaeney ee $ 1,499.85 Transferred to Code 1361, Line 14, Telephone Service.................0-. 15 1,500.00 General Plant Supplies : IN DDROpRialiOniy pacer wae erin oe ee $ 250.00 Transferred from Code 3039........... 150.00 Transferred from Code 1361, Line 9, General Plant Materials.............. 2aT, Transferred from Code 1361, Line Io, Repairs and Replacements............ 71.28 Transferred from Code 1361, Line 11, Light, Heat and Power.............- 198.92 $ 672.51 IES POMC CCl eae raneac eset ne es ons ani Ant bac tore mantener ay eA ones 672.51 Wearing Apparel: IAD PROPGIAtiony meee ees ee tein 40.00 Excpend eds are iti ere ie ae ro cece east 40.00 Office Equipment: AD DLODA Ona ne ee ery niin 200.00 Fixcpend eds Sees gene cpa eran oer ten Me ct 200.00 General on eas HNO) HERIOT oo dqngaanoubcsoddoap as cok $ 1,200.00 ieee aoe Code 1361, Line 11, Light, Heat and Power.............. 4.33 $ 1,204.33 Fiscnend ec tewaeanas oe ae ee pA er ree Rasen eae ey: 1,204.33 General eeu Materials: AipprOpiiation: 4.45 40a ey ee $ 1,500.00 Trans ee pat Codessosoneea ee 150.00 $ 1,650.00 Eixpended: nf seinen nce eer ee ees $ 1,647.69 Transferred to Code 1361, Line 5, Gen- I 1,650.00 eral Plant’ Suppliese aaa eee Pe} Repairs and Replacements: DPLOPLiatlone wees ee ae eee $ 2,500.00 Transferred from Code 3510............ 1,973.00 $ 4,473.00 Line 11 Line 12 Line 13 Line 14 Line 15 Fis nend edges sainare ceniciecn pacer poten eine hate Transferred to Code 1361, Line 5, Gen- eral Plant Suppies tie 500.00 Hire of Horses and Vehicles with Drivers: AinproniatiGl.-.c5 sitar sors soe ee Transferred from Code 1361, Line It, lsight) Eleat and) POWer vec. asics ves $ 1.50 $ 501.50 scpenm GC edem eave cacao to, Sette harvey area os scree ae paren tate ‘501.50 Telephone Service: DDLOP LIAM Oleg rie ent eae neces hae ce ae Transferred from Code 3039........... Transferred from Code 1361, Line 4, Botanical and Agricultural Supplies.... Transferred from Code 1361, Line 11, Light, Heat and Power...........2+9+ Transferred from Code 1361, Line 16, Express and Deliveries.............-005 70.00 Biscpemd Cd eres chev anc tote ieage ise aio paace Slee ant eae 354.20 Carfares A ACT Tiel a Vly ote ulaee eink ay er eee eA ane ee Acre ee $ 50.00 A SD6 noo od (=o (emer ara eee eer Rrme rat ener nary Watton Moret rar aotre he 50.00 Line 16 Express and Deliveries: A PDEODHlaviOn eases meu ess cea een merer gs Mees, cy $ 300.00 Fox pended) pyre cinerea acres char ene $ 297.81 Transferred to oe 1361, Line 14, Tele- PHONE “SeLVICCHe acai ser rns eres 2.19 300.00 Line 17. Contingencies: IADDLOP EIA TIONS er meme oo nee eum eas ore eevee, $ 100.00 BSscpend etl eave ea etn cies eyeing ee een ence 100.00 Summary of Tax Budget Accounts: APDPLOPIated. ceeds ceeee tee eerie $84,616.00 Transferred, June 17, 1926, from Miscel- laneous, ings County, Code 3510, ings County Fund for Salary and Wie ese ACG Uall Speers cere eet nee canner 1,973.00 Transferred, December 2, 1926, from Miscellaneous, New York City, Code 3039, City Fund for Salary and Wage NCO UDEV CE An akan 6 oneee ea knene em ols ae 900.00 $87,489.00 Pox pended etew oases clause iaais einai aioe aces 87,489.00 II. Private Funds Accounts . Endowment Fund ($50, 500.00) Restricted in Part: TM COMe| SEL G20 Gere eee ne ee es aM hes eal ae rete Ae G2,777.A6 Transferred to Endowment Increment Fund.. $ 555.5 Transferred to Special Contributions........ 2,221. 2,777.48 $ 0.00 2. Life Membership Fund ($5,500.00) Restricted: Income Account: Balances anitiatny slelO2 Onin ee ae eee $ 100.67 Galexoyantel clk Hie a sanins oe eee aera ere ern Gerretse dhe 302.48 $ 403.15 Jelprg oeia(4 (216 intranet det cy cy en ae ner $ 106.00 Transferred to Endowment Increment Fund.. 0.5 Transferred to Annual Membership Account. 236.65 403.15 $ 0.00 84 3. George C. Brackett Library Fund ($500.00) Restricted: Income Account: BalaricesJanuatyel, 1O20 vac sae para knee eee $ 1.90 UNG OM GWA OSS sestaesee seer acre ore cee ee eee ence 27.48 $ 29.38 Be pencded eyes -cihacafin ct Oa sutaaes acon etuaeaet eee So 227A Transferred to Endowment Increment Fund.. 5.49 28.2 Balance®. December 31. TOshy... ee eee ey ee $ L165 4. Benjamin Stuart Gager Memorial Fund ($13,417.20) Restricted: Income Account: Balancems|antaty 1) LO20 sie ie se ree ne aa $ 688.07 DiGrinin Ge ALO LO eae hace aay hay he a Sere ons genre aren 737.92 $ 1,425.99 TSE ONCE CE A tier tree ts ions Ae Cate era $ 620.69 Transferred to Endowment Increment Fund.. 147.58 708.27 ad Balance ecember 31,1020 ¢3cc-nwte oa ee es 5: 657.72 5. Martha Woodward Stutzer Memorial Fund ($10,000.00) Restricted : Income Account : Balancesmiam atv llO20 xin set ee eng eae $ 220.00 Income PrO2b a. x. oae ADEA tyke a ite een ea ee 275.00 $ 495.00 BED GTIG OC Were nener sree a tere ase dvs 2a a 403. Transferred to Endowment Increment Fund. . 55.00 458.37 BalancessWecember 31-1020 wa 4.00 case hae et ee $ 36.63 6. Mary nen eee Fund ($2,607.00) Restricted: Incom ae eee DET O20 poset ert eee eR ee $ 126.98 IIMNEOMC Ny LOCO me on epee eee os ee 03.32 $ 220.30 Bien Odi teies fone og nce eee eee en $ 160.91 Transferred to Endowment Increment Fund.. 18.66 179.57 Balance, December 31, 1026......0.ccceeeeueecees $ 40.73 85 7. Special Account oe ($243,140.27) Restricted: Income Accou Balance, sie Tey 2 ORR ape eRe yo oes ete aoe, cere $ 400.00 VTC OMME ee 20 eee ee nee Acs a aren ie Rey 13,223.17 $13,623.17 Bixpend eda cements eerie ween ieee eee $ 235.25 Transferred to Endowment Increment Fund.. 2,564.6 Transferred to Special Contributions....... 10,423.29 13,223.17 Balance, December 31, 1926............. 00 ccc eeveeee $ 400.00 8. A. Augustus Healy Bequest ($9,798.31) Restricted: Income Account: Balance sn) ania Inyeslerel 2 Oper eaten eet ae een gree $ JI ICOM EM O20 ail etta a lek as ey acct earn peed Meme ee 538.88 $ 538.99 Transferred to Endowment Increment Fund.. $ 107.78 Transferred to Special Contributions........ 431.21 538.909 $ 0.00 9g. Robert B. Woodward Bequest ($25,000.00) Restricted: Income Account: Ibmeeiens MOAs spe aea ho awoososneo sae oe hoses cee eenoo onus $ 1,375.00 Transferred to Endowment Increment Fund.. $ 275.00 Transferred to Special Contributions........ 1,100.00 —_ 1,375.00 0.00 A. T. White erie Tablet Fund ($3,889.85) Restricted: Income Account : Balance, ee TAPS. ZO Rese es tcns hc erate emte ae $ 58.23 USO CPT OZO ey. re aia se etre eee ie tne ee ed 213.92 $ 272.15 Transterred to Endowment Increment Fund.. $ 42.78 Transferred to Special Contributions........ 220.37 272.15 0.00 ti. Brooklyn Institute Centennial Fund. B. B. G._ Share. ($30,0 ee oe ted: Income Aco Inco ee RR MyM eg ef eg een tS ie ee NA Pe RE $ 1,650.00 Tretia to Endowment Increment Fund.. $ 330.00 Transferred to Special Contributions........ 1,320.00 1,650.00 $ 0.00 86 . John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Fund ($250,000.00) Restricted : 12 Income Account Bracecrrnen sh 200 os ect ey cg ae an aie ea a te at $ 2,999.38 Becnended@eysh sey icteric a ee $ 577.85 Transferred to Special Contributions........ 1,000.00 1,577.85 *. Balance, December. 31, 1920. 0s cui es we as peuteesrenes $ 1,421.53 13. Citizens Endowment Fund ($253,245.26) Restricted: Income Accoun TiseOiie: STOR Gye, oes ee ects ik pe eee ne Mena $ 2,793.06 Pre OY O LG 216 Cet ae Pian eee eer ERS $ 227.85 Transferred to Special Contributions........ 1,000.00 1,227.85 Balatice, December sty: 1026, ona eee ee $ 1,565.21 14. Sustaining Membership. Restricted: Balance: Janiarye 1. O26 2.0. toes cca 5 sane euate areas $ 163.30 Received imine dies “1020 cir icin stk cisco Banas 483.15 $ 646.45 Transferred to Annual Membership Account............. 579.81 Balance, December 31, 1026.........-2eceecceercces $ 66.64 15. Annual Membership. Restricted: Received: thom dues: 1020. ec.sv.cc ssc s aches sees aitaet $ 5,343.00 Transferred from Life Membership................0.065 236.65 Transferred from Sustaining Membership............... 579.81 $ 6,159.46 Degen. January 1, 1020;.. 02222407 os ce ee ee $ 1,825.67 eMC et eetpe een eee Peete eee oe 3,205.75 5,031.42 Balance, December o1-.10202... esc ars Wee ae names $ 1,128.04 16. Tuition and Sales. Restricted: B alance, oud Tee TO 20 Mote tier peuette ch teen as cena, Rac $ 46.32 Received 192 GE MBUItLOD eee tance eee aoa ree $ 1,500.01 burseed: Packets: ventana oe See 5,631.47 GRAS AICS eke: ony sear irene ey eet eee 66.74 7,288.22 $ 7,334.54 § Bip ache [ota | paar a tre rar et ee oR $ 5,038.13 Transferred to Endowment Increment Fund.... 1,122.77. 6,160.90 Balances December 31; 1926.02.31 2 s.i4..4 ahh soa oes $ 1,173.64 87 17. Botanic Garden Collections Fund, 1926. Restricted: Balances jana ty. ba 20 eryey cee ane nrencueerr a eee css $ 22.27 Receivedi trom Gontiuibutonses so) een aye ee 6,980.28 eslransterned Lome Special sbULpOses = erect 1.18 $ 7,003.73 EXPenGed eet at epee hina asaya eyes $ 4,674.90 Transferred to Special Contributions.......... 2,051.46 6,726.36 Balance, December i, 10204. 4-6. ae eee errr See77A87 18. Special Fund (Brooklyn Institute General Endowment In- come: Annual Allotment) Restricted: Income Account: UMC OMe LO 2O se ee ere er ean ICE ee cn ree $ 2,200.00 Transferred to Special Contributions.................. 2,200.00 0.00 He 19. Cary Leen, Fund ($10,000.00—!4 of Income to Brooklyn nic Garden) Restricted: ites Niatitia ryan lems O 20 heer acer en ea es $ 69 Income rAllotment 1O20mer sone ace ok woe eee ci eeieris 110.00 110.69 EEX PenCded east, centece cee Mewes, Sols ory a eee ee $ 86.83 Transferred to Endowment Increment Fund.... 22.00 108.83 Balance: December 3i- 1920.20 so. ot ee eee oe $ 1.86 20. Special Purposes. Restricted by terms of gifts: ais: eae TRO SO ee terse 2, oneal nee Stee rea me reve tore $ 1,656.97 Recei a. eee for Japanese Garden.......... $ 500.00 b. Various for Test Garden for Japanese WS conta orto os 0 oO aoe Roar A 305.98 c. Anonymous Special Gift for Children’s WOR Keron npn lant testie Noe ear ne 165.00 d ee (through Mrs. Glentworth R. ANS co Rae ee eee ea re 25.00 e. Mrs. wae R. Delafield for Lantern AS bg Veco ae te ee, 5s cars ei eer ce ee etre? 25.00 f. Mrs. E. Root for contribution to Con- servation of Beauty Leaflet............. 1.00 g. Mrs. H. F. Kean for Fern Distribution. 10.00 1,031.98 $ 2,688.95 EEG Pen cle Cages sev eens tet ah 0 ess gee $ 1,584.00 88 Transferred to Special Contributions (with Gansent so donor). ae exe ike thers 250.00 Transferred to Collections Fund (with consent rae ssid e\ot apy tmrseeterere-aeesne a ere Omit Marr te A Maia 1.18 1,835.27 Balances: Decembers31-19020 223 ha ee ee $ 853.68 . Plant Pathology Research Fund. Restricted: Balance danuanry ol st0204 cat ak ean nee $ 3,423.54 IMCOMIG STO SOR te Oye crear nek ce A ons ah er Sees Manan ye ae er eran 7,500.00 $10,923.54 Ebsopant cl eager wtare ar eerie ht toe ree Carn Tn Ne ENT OCS 8,331.61 balance] December: 312102607 c45 ants oe «oe as $ 2,591.93 22. Special Contributions (for 1926 only) : Gon tii hed inet veoh oe rte ere ies he berg die a a $ 508.19 Transferred from Endowment Fund Income Account..... 2,221.08 Transferred from Special Account W. Income Account... 10,423.29 Transferred from A. Augustus Healy Bequest Income UsNel(a}b) VRUgPa Reena ew cere pMeper aria etna mee: SANS MareAeN eM Foye Eg Oe 431.21 Gace ida from R. B. Woodward Bequest Income CS COLIN ene ie hes ery Saas in Be reic key ce eh a reg ee a I, 100.00 eee from A. T. White Memorial Tablet Fund INCOME AA CCOMN bam e etttcsioia sa Rween a 220.37 Transferred from Brooklyn Institute Centennial Fund IneCOMEeEMAGCOUNT.. on aes Soe eee 1,320.00 Transferred from J. D. Rockefeller, Jr. Fund Income CGI UIIS Caterers cbae rec sra ic acpesr art ruts vant eoe dpe ye eatin at aor Nan eaneen oye a eee 1,000.00 Treats from Citizens Endowment Fund Income NCO LU Mae ea ewer teeter Rea ne ee eaten ea cate teen Rear ee 1,000.00 Transferred from Collections Fund..................... 2,051.40 Transferred from Special Fund (Inst. General Endow.).. 2,200.00 Transferred: from Special’ Purposes. 2.2... ees tp ace 250.00 $22,735.50 Deficit January. T.9 1O20 5) sehen eases eee $ 2,245.21 Perc ON Ce duane eet eae Mah tte eat acti tres eee aig 20,064.74 22,309.95 Balances December 31. 190202. er ition apts Ea aieels $ 425.55 23. Endowment Increment Fund ($32,972.04) Restricted : Transferred from other accounts 1926..............000- $ 5,307.60 AMPERESEALOSO ease nave erates eas eet mar ns Sure awa ey racy 1,502.83 $ 6,810.52 ranskerked 'to> Rhincipals-a.ceuear seat Srnec ere ai 6,810.52 $ 0.00 89 Summary of Private Funds Accounts: Balances yantiatyp Te lO2 Onn eee verity ee $ 6,909.05 DTTC ORES 1 2O hetar gs oee cee yae a tags hie he oN ee ease . 59,269.55 $66,178.60 Fesc pe rid ec tae gesc a trey aed ey meee arcu etiam eae $50,229.2 Transferred to Endowment Increment Fund RGIncipaleaetce nee rrce ene tiger ee ate ene 5,307.69 55,536.92 BalancessWecemberssi- 102024. 4 cee eee $10,641.68 III. Summary of Total Maintenance Budget for 1926 Income Tax Budget Appropriation (57%)............... Private Funds Budget (43%)................2.. $87,489.00 66,178.60 BC tal | SO ear UR AUN Rien Plate cca art sin Gah Rigelerey te bate $153,667.60 Transferred to Endowment Increment Fund Principal......... 5,307.60 PATIL CLO Came eee set alan Mar NR Re ects lagna te tn Rt ge $148,359.01 Expended Personal Service Tax Cea Seat Saas eas Atos $70,761.00 22,300.05 Jakes: ibe oaa sea oad enous eoupesss $93,070.05 Cer Lae Sete Petia Na tesa etre eet aah aL gerne Ree tee ve oragen Re Other than Personal Service axe Udo elise a panne hee na $16,728.00 Jerre Jebus seosda chaos duacasuous 27,919.28 A Bley ey Renee roe oon ceriee ae eM S eG trait $44,647.28 $137,718.23 Balances (December el elo20 nest. n eae ee ntti ae $ 10,641.68 Respectfully submitted, . DanieL C. Downs, Secretary and Accountant Note:—The above “ Financial Statement” is a transcript of Brooklyn Botanic Garden accounts in the books of the Treasure of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. The Treasurer’s accounts are audited annually by a Public Accountant, and a 90 separate audit of this “ Financial Statement ’’ is not made in order to save unnecessary expense. G. Foster SMITH, Treasurer IV. For Permanent Improvements Appropriation of Revenue Bonds of the City of New York for Permanent a i ai and Expenditures therefrom during 1925 a De P -B, for Furnishing and Erecting Wrought ie picket Fence around Sri Botanic Garden ADDO pila vedo ac a tecneneec sea tii usenet eet oe a ey Sean eee $40,000.00 Expended Independent Wire Works, Amount of Contract.... $34,440.00 See Wire Works, Paid in excess of n- Ty CI EAE ee UR er Sea in 1,057.67 ee Wire Works, Turnstiles.............. 810.00 Independent Wire Works “Gate Guards: s6 3. on sa 400.00 Paul J. Hand, Resetting Steps.................0.06- a Engineer’s Payroll (Department of Parks)....... 1,199.4 E. G. Soltmann (Specifications and Prints)........ PAS is 38,682.58 Balance December 31. 1020 “sete ee ee $ 1,317.42 Time limit for expenditure of Bond expired December 31, 1026. Balance automatically rescinded by the Comptroller. Approved as correct, Epwarp S. Ryan, Chief Clerk, Department of Parks, Borough of Brooklyn APPENDIX 1 ENDOWMENT FUND CAMPAIGN, 1926 Organizing Committee Frank L. Babbott Mrs. Lewis W. Francis Frank Bailey Mrs. William H. Good Rev. John L. Belford Herbert F. Gunnison Edward C. Blum Ralph Jonas Mrs. Glentworth R. Butler Mrs. Elsie Calder Lee Rev. S. Parkes Cadman Miss Hilda Loines Mrs. William H. Cary Rabbi Alexander Lyons Judge Frederick E. Crane Edwin P. Maynard Mrs. Henry J. Davenport Rev. J. Howard Melish Mrs. William P. Earle Mrs. James L. Morgan Matthew S. Sloan Arthur S. Somers Herman Stutzer John T. Underwood Miss Julia J. Pierrepont Sees G oa Nis s H. Pos Mrs. ee B. Pratt Mrs. William A. Putnam Adrian Van Sinderen Mrs. Frederick W. Rowe Alexander M. White Citizens’ Committee for the Endowment Fund Alexander M. White, Chairman Mrs. William H. Cary, Sec’y G. Foster Smith, Treas. Frederick E. Crane Mrs. William H. Good Ralph Jonas Mrs. Elsie Calder Lee Miss Hilda Loines Joseph H. Adam Mrs. Horatio M. Adams Mrs. Evelyn W. Allan Joseph Dana Allen Frank J. Arnold William F. Atkinson Miss Ina enti Atwood Frank L. Babbot Mrs. Edwin ete Babcock Seymour Barnard Stephen F. Barrera William R. Baye Miss Johanna L. Becker Walter St. J. Benedict Philip A. Benson J. Frederick Berg David Blank Frank D. Blodgett Edward C. Blum . Francis O. Affeld, Jr. V ice-chairmen James H. Post Mrs, Frederic B. Pratt Matthew S. Sloan Ernest M. Stires Mrs. Adrian Van Sinderen Members Mrs. Edward C. Blum Mrs. Walter Shaw Brewster Miss Alice Brinsmad James J. Brook Mrs. George eee Brown Mrs Roscoe C. E. Brown Mrs. Roscoe C. E. Brown James J. Browne George W. Brush Robert H. Bryson Mrs. S. Edwin Buchanan Mrs. Louis Buhle F. A. M. Burrell Glentworth R. Butler Mrs. Glentworth R. Butler Miss Mary Ellen Butterick Miss Julie Byrne S. Parkes Cadman Miss Ethel S. Cameron Miss Caroline D. Camp Miss Mary ee Harold A. Capa Mrs. James Olive: Carpenter Frank L. Cheek William Hamlin Childs Mrs. William Hamlin Childs Guy W. Chipman Miss Delia A. Clayton Mrs. I. Sherwood Coffin Bird S. Coler William G. Cooper Miss Auguste J. Cordier William C. Courtney Mrs. Frederick L. Cranford James J. Crawford arris M. Crist Walter H. Crittenden Edward P. Crowell Russell V. Cruikshank E. P. Dalmasse James E. Dann Charles R. Davenport Mrs. Henry B. Davenport Mrs. Henry J. Davenport H. Beeckman Delatour John H. Denbigh Jacob G. Dettmer Charles S. Doran Mrs. H. Edward Dreier George Dressler James A. Dunne Guy DuVal Jackson A. Dykman Mrs. William P. Earle, Jr. Mrs. a ha F. Eastman y M. Edwards Mrs. E. Irving Eldredge, Jr. Gates D. Fahnestock Frank K. Fairchild Julian P. Fairchild William D. Faris William L. Felter Albert Firmin Mrs. Lewis W. Francis John W. Fraser John W. Frothingham Mrs. Theodore Frothingham Miss M. mr Hn Gair Francis D. Gallati Miss Anna Billings Gallup Edwin L. Alexander “7 een Thornton Gerrish George Welling Giddings Miss Anna Marie Gissel Charles Goell Mrs. Otto Goetze William M. Good Charles A. Gorman Richard W. Goslin James S. Graham Eugene J. Grant Miss Temperance Gray William M. Greve Joseph A. Guider Herbert F. Gunnison Walter Hammitt Mrs. Theodore Martin Hardy John N. Harman C. L. Harold Reginald G. Harris Miss Mary K. Hawxhurst George L. Hentz St. Clair Hester George oe Henry Hick Mrs. Charles M. Higgins Tracy Higgins Mrs. John Hills George S. Horton Arthur M. Howe Burt Jay Humphrey William T. Hunter Mrs. Clarence R. Hyde Mrs. Charles W. Ide Raymond V. Ingersoll Miss Grace Ingraham Mrs. Henry A. Ingraham William S. Irish Walter H. Jaycox Alfred W. Jenkins Frank D. Jennings Mrs. Emma L. Johnston Nathan S, Jonas Mrs. Martin Joost H. V. Kaltenborn Miss Martha A. Kane Mrs. Kathleen M. Kennedy William Kennedy, Le Mrs. Humphrey J. K Mrs. Edward V. ie Albert King Miss Beatrice Presswood King & Mrs. Francis William B. Klein Walter Kraslow Ferdinand W. Lafrentz Mrs. John H. Lathrop Almet Reed Latson Mrs. John E. Leech Julius Lehrenkrauss A. Lyle Leverich Nathaniel H. Levi M Lewis Mrs. Nelson P. Lewis Mrs. L. So es ee di R. cob A. vores William H. Lohman Frank Lyman Alexander Lyons Edward Lyons William McCarroll John H. McCooey Miss Mabel C. McCurrach Mrs. St. Clair McKelway Scott McLanahan ie eels Mackintosh Mrs. Delmer Martin Albert L. Mason Edw ayna Mrs. "Edwin P. Maynard Richard S. Maynard J. Howard Melish C. C. Mollenhauer Miss Alice L. Morse Horace J. Morse Mrs. James L. Morgan Grover M. Moscowitz Henry C. Needham Benjamin H. Namm Carroll Leja Nichols Miss Lucille Nicol Mrs. Charles D. Norton Mrs. Henry F. Noyes William G. O’Brien Clifford E. Paige Mrs. John W. Paris Charles Partridge Bayard L. Peck Fremont C. ck Mrs. Wheeler H. Peckham Frederick S. Pendleton Miss Elizabeth H. Perry Mrs. W. Sterling Peters George A. Plimpto Mrs. William C. Popper David Porte Mrs. James H. Post William A. Pothier Charles E. Potts Lewis H. Pounds George T. Powell . Starr Prince Michael I. Pupin Harrington Putnam Mrs. William A. Putnam Miss Frances M. Quinlan Wilham M. Rainey Miss L. E. Rector William C. Redfield T. Schenck Remsen Thomas J. Riley Granville H. Rome Frederick W. Rowe Mrs. Frederick W. Rov we Mrs. Isaac Franklin Russell Einan Schatvet Henry W. Schloss Carl J. Schumann Robert Alfred Shaw Charles S. Shepard Mrs. Edgar S. Shumway Mrs. V. G. Simkhovitch Edward A. Simmons Gov. Alfred E. Smith George William Smith Frank L. Sniffen Arthur S. Somers George J. Sowter Mrs. Henry B. Spelman Edward H. Squibb Meier Steinbrink Mrs. Seth Thayer Stewart Contributors to the Citiz Aalholm, Miss Mati!da M. Ackerman, Mrs. Annie M. Adams, Henry Sherman Linford S. Stiles Miss Bertha Stockwell Miss Elizabeth C. Stoughton Hugh Grant Straus Herman Stutzer Mrs. Herman Stutzer Andrew T. Sullivan Mrs. Eugene L. Swan Franklin Taylor Mrs. John Van Buren Thayer Charles Tisch Alexander B. Trowbridge Henry Chandlee Turner Winthrop M. Tuttle Herbert K. Twitchell John T. Underwood Mrs. John T. Underwood Jeremiah R. Van Brunt Adrian VanSinderen Arthur E. Wakeman Mrs. Edwin C. Ward Edwin G. Warner Harry W. Wastie Mrs. ae M. White Miss Harr hit W. Wirt ne: Timothy S. Williams John D. Wilson Mrs. Charles G. Wingate George Albert Wingate Miss Helen G. Woodruff Richard Young ens Endowment Fund Adams, Mrs. Horatio M. Affeld, Mrs. F. Agricola Bditomat Board 95 Ahearn, Mrs. Katherine Altgeld, Laura Altmuller, Miss Helen K. Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. John Andrews, Miss Grace Andrews, William A. Anderson, Miss Emily V. Angell, Miss Ida M. Anthony, Miss Julia B. Arnold, James A, Arnold, Miss Mary Atkins, Miss Annie G. Austin, Miss E. Addie Austin, Mr. and Mrs. wards Dwight Ed- Babbott, Frank L. Babbott, Dr. and Mrs. Frank Lusk, J r. Backus, Raymond B. Bailey, Mrs. Albert W. Baker, Miss Lillian K. Bancroft, Mr. and Mrs. F. W. Banta, Mr. and Mrs. Walter A. Baron, Mrs. Olive H. G. Bartlett, Miss Millie H. Bartley, Dr. S. Potter ae Capt. and Mrs. LeRoy Bassett, F. ae Giae Island) Study Club Beardsley, C Becker, Miss Johanna Bears, E. LeGrand Behr, Edward A. Behr, Mr. and mee Edward A. Behr, Mrs. Emm ete Mr. a ee Gabriel I. Bellm ail Bae uate Sta ale Benson, Philip A. Berg, Rev. J. Frederick Betts, ee Betts, Teli Birdsall, Tee Lucille Dens Black, Mrs. Loring M., Jr. Blackman, Mr. and Mee Lawton 8 Edward Blake, Miss Louise Blanke, Miss Katharine M. Blankley, Miss A. Grace Blodgett, Frank D Blum, Mr. and Mrs. E. C. Boardman, Mrs. George M. Mr. Alber See David A. Bossert, Mrs. Louis dais Boys and Girls Club, Brooklyn Bo- tanic Garden Boys and Girls Club, Brooklyn Bo- tanic Garden, Former Members Bostwick, Miss Helen M Bradley, Miss Rose Bradshaw, Edward D. Braman, Miss Irene M. Bright, Mr. and Mrs. Arthus Davis Brinsmade, Miss Alice Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Department of Botany Brooklyn Woman’s Club Brotzman, Eunice L. Brown, Mrs. George Stewart Brown, Miss Gwendolen Brown, Mr. and Mrs. Roscoe C. E. Brunn, Mrs. Armin E Brush, Miss G. L. Bryant, Miss Helen W. Bucher, Mrs. Paul yeecrae Miss Gertrude S. nett, 7 @- Ee eer Miss Teresa M. Burr, Mr. Walter Cecil Butler, Glentworth R., M.D. Butterick, Miss Mary E. Byers, Grace Cadman, Rev. S. Parkes, Callahan, Mr. and Mrs. Camp, Miss Caroline D. Campbell, Mrs. Marie B. Campbell, Miss Mary © @anis Otto: be Views D.D. Benj. H. 96 Caparn, Harold A. Darrigrand, Miss Lucie P. Carpenter, Mrs. James Norman Dauchy, Mrs. S. Theodore and Miss Carpenter, Mrs. James O. Lillian Cary, Isaac H. Davenport, Mrs. Henry J. Cary, Mrs. Wm. H. Davenport, Mrs. William B Casamajor, Mrs. Louise J. Davis, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Joseph Chapman, Mrs. John W. Davis, William T Chapman, Miss Mary W. Davison, Mr. and Mrs. George Chase, A. B. Millard Cheek, Frank L. Davol, Mrs. Frank H. Chodes, Dr. Maxwell P. Davol, Miss Harriet Christianson, Miss Edith H. Dean, Miss Florence M. Chubb, Percy DeForest, Robert W. Civitas Club of Brooklyn de Goyler, A. G. Clark, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Am- De Land, Miss oes brose Delafield, Mrs. John Clark, Mrs. John Biddle Denbigh, Miss Helen Clarke, Teresa A. Denbigh, John H. Clayton, Delia A. Despard, Miss M. H. Cochran, Alfred Dettmer, Jacob G. Coffin, Mrs. I. Sherwood Devoe, Mr. and Mrs. Franklin M. Collins, Mr. and Mrs. D. M. De Zouche, Mrs. W. A. Collins, Miss Sarah E. Dickerson, Miss Helen M. Colyer, Mrs. Joseph, Jr. Dickey, Miss Annie Louise Compton, Miss Dorothy Dietrich, Miss Bertha K. Conard, Miss Edith N. Dietz, Nicholas Cooke, Mrs. John T. Ditmas; C2 As Cooper, William G. Dodenhoff, June Naomi Cordier, Auguste J. Doody, Miss Bessi Courtney, Wm. C. Doman, Mrs. ieee dale Coutts, Mrs. George H. Donavin, Wm. E. Cowenhoven, Mr. Garret P., Jr. Doran, Charles S. Doscher, Miss Ida L. Dow, Mrs. Frank L. Dreier, Mr. and Mrs. H. Edward Dugan Bros., Inc. DuVal, Guy DuVal, Mrs. Guy Crampton, Mrs. Edwin H. Crane, Mr. and Mrs. Alden Seabury Cranford, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick L. Crary, Mr. and Mrs. James Howell ' Crawford, Mrs. G. H Creamer, William G. Crittenden, Walter H. Ebinger, Walter D. C g nd Mrs. Frank Bethel fcaubert, Miss Rosalie Crowell, Mrs. Alice C. Edwards, Mrs. O. E., Jr. Cruikshank, Russell V. Eilers, Miss Emma and Miss Cruikshank, Warren Else F. Cullen, Miss Margaret Eimpese Miss Marie Curren, Mr. and Mrs. Hector McG. Elbert, Mr. and Mrs. William Eldert, Mr. Cornelius Goding, Miss Florence L. Emerson, Miss Adlee F. Goell, Charles Engelhardt, Mr. George P. Goell, Jacol Ericson, Charles Goetze, Miss E. H. Ericson, Mrs. H. Wilheminea Goetze, Mrs. Otto Fabre, Mrs. Clarence L. Goldborg, Mrs. Gertrude Fahnestock, Gates D. Gonoud, Miss Helen C. Fairbanks, Miss Maria B. Good, Mrs. William H. Fairchild, Mrs. Julian D. Goodman, Joseph Fairchild, Julian P. Gould, Edwin Faison, Mrs. Samson L. Graeber, Genevieve M. Farber, David W. Graeber, Lillian Iona Faris, Estate of William D. Gravenhorst, C. F. Farley, R. H. Graves, Robert N. Fawcett, Judge Lewis L. Greenberg, Charles Fellows, Miss Sarah K. Greenman, Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Jr. Felter, Dr. William L. Greve, William M. Ferrel, Ralph W. Griffin, Mr. Re Mrs. Wm. H. Field, Mrs. W. D. C. Gruhn, Ott Firmin, Albert Gunnison, Mr. and Mrs. Herbert F. Ford, Sumner Gunter, Evan L Foulk, Mr. and Mrs. Geo. P. ene: Charles H. Francis, Mrs. Lewis W. Haley, M Frank, Mrs. George Fransioli, Miss esau Hee James L Halpin, Miss Ella T. Fraser, Arthur C. Heese Mire a Niort alstead, Mrs. , orton Frederickson, Mrs. Alice S. eratnerciey aire Freeberg, Miss Sigrid ene Valter French, Dr. Thos. R. Hanan, Miss Matilda Friedman, Miss Edith Hardy, Ruth G Frost, John W. Tarman, Mrs. George H. Frothingham, Miss E. W. Harris, Dr. Isham G. Frothingham, Mrs. J. 5. Harrison, Miss Katharine I. Frothingham, John W. Hart, Miss Adelaide P. Frothingham, Mrs. Theodore Hert, a Ellen M. Fuhs, Dr. Jacob Hart ene Dean Ganett, Miss Laura B. Hatheway, Mr. and Mrs. Philip M. Gamble, Miss Lucy Hayes, Frank S. R. Veteran Healy, Mrs. A. Augustus Gennerich, Henry W. Hegeman, M. Stewart Gibson, Mrs. E. F. Heissenbuttel, Miss Minna Gibson, Mrs. H. S. Helling, William C Giddings, George Welling Hewitt, Miss Judith Gilbert, The Misses Heyson, Mrs. Harry C. Gilmore, Mrs. Wm. G. Higgins, Charles M. Higgins, Mrs. Charles M. Johnson, Mrs. C. Higgins, Tracy Jonas, Nathan S. Hildebrant, Miss E. Jonas, Ralph Hill, Miss Julia Joost, Mrs. Martin Hills, Mrs. John ; Jourdan, James H Hills, Mr. and Mrs. James M. Judd, Orrin R, Himmelman, Miss Mary B. Hodgdon, Miss Katherine I. Kay, Miss Lillian S. Hogg, Miss Elizabeth Kennedy, William, Jr. Holmns, Miss May E. Kenney, Miss ete iB: Holtzoff, Mr. L. S. Kenworth, Theodore H, Hooker, Dr. and Mrs. Samuel King, F. T. Hottinger, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Kirschner, Joseph Howell, Miss Grace C. Knobbe, Miss Katharine C. Hubbard, Miss H. F. Knox, Mrs. John Mason Hubbard, Dr. and Mrs. Wm. S. Koehler, Miss Elizabeth Hughes, Miss Mary F. Kraslow, Walter Huncke Chemical Co., The Max Kunreuther, Mrs. Hattie B. Hunter, Roland J. Kunze, Mrs. Hunter, S. Ente: Mr. ina Mrs. William T. Lafrentz, Ferdinand W. Husson, Miss J. Lancaster, Miss Bertha Husted, Miss Harriet F. Lane, Miss Ella M. Hyde, Mrs. Clarence R. Lanman, David H. Latimer, Miss Julia W. Latimer, Miss Mary Latson, Mr. and Mrs. Almet Reed Lawson, James Lebowitz, Morris LeBrun, Mrs. Pierre L. Lee, Dr. Marguerite T. Lee, Miss Mary Leech, Mrs. John E. Lehrenkrauss, Julius Levi, Nathaniel H. Tdell, Frank E. Iffla, Miss Florence Ingersoll, Mrs. Raymond V. Edward A. Ingraham, Miss Frances T. Ingraham, Miss Grace Ingraham, Mrs. H. C. M. Ingraham, Mr. and Mrs. Henry A. Ingraham, Dr. Ruth Trish, William S. James, Wm. L. Levin, Misses Jameson, Mrs. P. C. Lewis, Mrs. LeRoy T. Janeway, Mrs. Edward G. Lewis, Mrs. Nelson P Jansen, Miss Dora Garden Teachers Association of the Jaycox, Walter H. Brooklyn Botanic Garden sii Alfred W. Lignante, Eugene E. Mr. Frank Lines, Dr. Mar ee Miss Bessie Loines, Miss Elma Jennings, Dr, Frank D. Loines, Miss Hilda Jessup, Mrs. Benj. A. Loines, Mrs. Stephen Jewett, Wm. A.M.D. Loomis, Miss Isabel Lord, Mrs. B Low, Mrs. Chauncey E, Low, Willia Sidney Vv. ieee Walter I. yman, Frank McCooey, Miss Margaret McCormick, John McCormick, John, Jr. McCrory, Miss Elizabe McDonald, McKinney, John J. McLaughlin, Judge A. G. McCulloch, Frank H. MacKay, Mrs. Frederick D. Mackay, Henry Mackintosh, Alexander Macrum, Edward’ k. Mahoney, Edmund Mahoney, Miss Elizabeth Maisel, Miss Lydia Marks, Mrs. Alexander D. Marshall, Mrs. Wm. W. hae Es th Mason, Mrs. "Wiliam P. Matheson, Matteson, Mize ieee H. ees Mead, ae Alice Mead, Mis Mead, D. iva Mead, Miss Hannah Mercelis, Edw. E. Merkley, Dr. and Mrs. W. / Mesereau, Mrs. Nicholas RR. Meyenborg, Miss Evelyn A. Mitchel, Mrs. John F. B. Mollenhauer, Mrs. J. Adolph Moller, Miss Edna M. Mooney, Mr. James A. Moore, Miss Florence B. Mr. & Mrs. Willis, Jr. Moriarty, Mrs. B. Morrow, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Morse, Miss Alice L. Morse, Horace J. Moss, Louis J. Mount, Mr. and Mrs, Muller, Adolf Muller, Miss Josephine Munckwitz, Miss Winifred Munson, Miss Louise M Murick, Miss Helen D. Needham, Henry C. Nesmith, Miss Charlotte Norcom, Dr. and Mrs. C. M. Norton, Mrs. Charles D. Chas. K. Wecthe denry F. , Miss Noyes, Mrs. Oakes, Miss Fannie O’Brien, William Olcott, Thies MENGE W. Oldenbuttel, Chas. Orlinger, Miss Esther Osborne, Mr. and Mrs. Dean C. Palmer, Mr. and Mrs.. Elwell Parsons, Mrs. Frank H. Parker, Mrs. A. W. Parker, Mrs. Clinton B. Pashley, Mrs. Chas. L Peckham, Mrs. Wheeler Peirson, Mrs. William B. Pendleton, Frederick S. Perkins, Mrs. Charles E. Perrin, Miss Fanny S. Peters, Mrs. W. Gane _ Phillips, A. M. Pier, Miss May Pierrepont, Miss Ana Pierrepont, Miss Julia J. Planten, H. Rolff Platt, Miss Emilie L. Plump, Miss Julia H. Polivnick, Isidor Poncake, Mr. and Mrs. C, O. Pond, Miss P. F. Popper, Mrs. William C. Post, Mr. and Mrs. James H. Potter, Miss Marianna S. Potter, Mrs. R. B. Potts, Chavles E. Pratt, Mrs. Frederic B. Pratt, Frederic B. Prince, Mrs. Benjamin Prince, H. Starr Prosser, Ella W. Prosser, Mrs. R. W. Provost, Miss Eva Putnam, Mee William A. Quinlan, Miss F. M. Raftery, Miss Clara Raiman, Mr. Insall Rayfiel, Hyman Rector, Miss L. EF. Redfield, Mr. Henry L. Reynolds, Mrs. Frank Reynolds, George G. Reynolds, Miss Jessie M Reynolds, Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Richardson, Mr. a Mrs. W. C. Rickard, Miss Louis Riker, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. FE. Roberts, Miss Marion L. Roe, Miss Elizabeth H. Roelker, Miss Elsie M. Rogers, Mrs. Clara A. Rogers, Mr. and Mrs. John R. Rosenbluth, Miss Matilde Rosin, Albert A Ross, Miss Margaret Rowe, Hon. and Mrs. Frederick Rueff, Andre B. Sackheim, Mrs. M. Salt, Edward Sandiord, Miss Naomi Sanger, Miss Lillian Sartori, Joseph J. Schenck, Dr. Herbert D. Schenck, Liles R: Schiff, Mortim Schlegel, Miss sete M. Schloss, Henr Schneider, Miss Louise Schools and School Organizations of Brookly1 Brooklyn City Training School Kinder ea Alumni Association Brooklyn Teachers’ Association Erasmus Hall High School Department of Biology, Teachers and Pupils Girls’ Commercial High School, Teachers and Pupils Girls’ High School, Loyal League Heads of Department Association, Brooklyn Public School Kindergarten Association, Brooklyn Branch Mothers’ Club, Bethany Memorial Kindergarten iy * Brooklyn Model School a Co a op ‘ ee ee 0 bs 7 GPS. 276 ; P. S. 87 Mothers’ Club, P. S. 80 i en ee Sees OO see aS e102 “a M1 Se iy, e 1B, Se 10s es ee Sy abe 7 ADS Sis 0S} ‘ M2 ARES tice : FO RE Sie a a eee eS iY, iu 21 S470) i 1S Ge ie ee eS es100 i eo PES) 0) He, = leh ier 17d) y Fi Flee Spy aisto) t 7 NE Sy es a lee Sa ioe : “PP. S. 109 ae Mo lets Sy Pon a eens Se 217 i AES O21 Parents’ Association, P. S. 109 i - 1S Sy 1078} a Ss PAS S77 Public School No. 2, Teachers G r i fe me i cc i ae “ ae 55, Teachers 101 18, Principal and Teachers 24, Principal and Teachers 41, Principal, Teachers and Pupils i ‘ ee ss se sf eee ore eupils = ss “106 . i “129, Principal and Teachers - = ss , Teachers 2 i “167, Nature Club of Pupils * wo “182, Nature Club of Teachers and Pupils 2 i “183, Teachers i i * 185, Teachers and Pupils 3 aa “199, Pupils Schmalzer, Mrs. Anna B, Schretzlmeir, E. Schumann, Carl J. Scott, B. A. Seaman, Miss Mary T. Shaw, Aubret N. Shaw, Harry B. Shaw, Robert Alfred Shea, Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Shepard, Miss Anna U. Shepard, Charles S. Taylor, Wm. M. Shepard, Miss Margaret J. Taylor, Miss Venetia Shepherd, Miss L. L. Thayer, Mrs. J. Van Buren Simon, A. H. Thirkield, Gilbert H. Simpson, Miss Mabel Thommen, Dr. August A Smith, George aa Thorn, Miss Mathilda E. Smith, G. Fost Tisch, Charles Smith, Miss Helen Abe Tischemacher, Miss H. A. Smith, Herbert S. Tompkins, Miss Flizabeth M. Smith, Mrs. Hugh M. Towne, Benjamin Smith, James A. Tredick, Miss Helen F. Smith, Mrs. John W. Trost, Mrs. Julia T Smith, Leonard Hull Trostler, Mrs. Emil Smith, Miss M. Helen Tumbridge, Mrs. Stanley S. Smith, Miss Olive K. Tuttle, Winthrop M. Smythe, Benjamin E. Twitchell, Herbert K. Somers, Mrs. Daniel McL. Twomey, Miss Gertrude R. Somers, Harold Two Students of Miss Shaw’s Sonfield, Chas. Tyler, Mrs. Walter L. Southwell, Miss E. E. Sperry, Elmer A. Uhrbrock, Harold Spier, Mrs. J Uhrbrock, Mrs. E. F Spring, Miss Louise M. Underwood, John T. Squibb, Dr. Edward H. Urban Club Squires, Miss Laura Stacey, Mr. and Mrs. Sidney G. Van Brunt, Jeremiah R. Steinbrink, Meier ‘Vanderveer, Henry B. Steinbrucker, Charles Van Nostrand, Mrs. B. T. Stellwagen, Fred L. Van Sinderen, Mrs. Adrian Sterling, Miss Edith M. Van Vleck, The Misses Volhard, Miss Amelia A. Von Campe, Mr. and Mrs. Edw. Von Lehn, Richard, Jr. Sternberger, Louis Stewart, Miss Madeline Stewart, Mrs. John Wood Walsh Miss otizebeta)- Walter, Miss Cora B. Stewart, Mrs. Seth Thayer Warde Mrs. T. W. Stockwell, Miss Bertha a ; : : i Ward, Mrs. Edwin C. Stoughton, Miss Elizabeth C. Warfield, Harry E / Straus, Hugh Grant Warner, Mr. and Mrs. Edwin G. Stutzer, Miss Elise W. Warner, Miss Ethel J Stutzer, Herman Warner, Walter E. Sullivan, Andrew T. Warren, Miss Eliza H. Sullivan, Miss Bessie Warren, Mr. and Mrs. Walter H. , ; pao Miss Doris Waterman, Miss Maud L. wahn, Mrs. Fanny D. Wayman, Miss Grace L. 108 Weber, Richard E. Wilson, W. O. Weber, Robert Wing, Beulah A. Weck, Mrs. Edward Winkler, Harry Weekes, Miss Ethel A. Winter, Thos. W., Wells, Mrs. Walter F. Wintringham, W liam pl Westbrook, Dr. & Mrs. Richard W. Woodward, Miss Mary B. White, Alexander M. Worthington, Miss Charlotte White, Harold T. White, Miss Harriet H. Young, Miss A. White, Mrs. William Augustus Young, Richard Wieman, Miss Josephine M. Zabriske, Mrs. Cornelius Wiley, Miss fe A. Zimmele, Chas. F Williams, R. Zimmer, Wilson B. Wilmarth, ee Mabel Zundel, Robert W. Wilson, Edith M. APPENDIX 2 GIFTS RECEIVED DURING 1926 Collection Fund Mrs. John R. Delafield Frank L. Babbott Mrs. W. D. Spalding Girl Scouts through Mrs. G. H. Mrs. J. H. Post Tomes for Memorial Tree Frank Bailey Miss Hilda Loines Miss C. Julie Husson George D. Pratt Miss Harriet H. White Otto Ebel Miss Frances E. White Mrs. Wm. E. Harman Living Plants American Rose Society, 2 Ros Mrs. E. G. Birdsall, 10 oe purpurea. Mrs. J. Bramin, 1 /rts. Bureau of Plant Industry, 25 Amaryllis. W. Atlee Burpee Co., 12 varieties of Jris. Miss Edna Carpenter, 1 Tillandsia usenoides. Prof. W. P. Cottany, 1 Azolla caroliniana. Mrs. J. R. Delafield, 1 Acacia alta. Mr. Henry A. Dreer, 12 varieties of Jris. Mr. H. Durand, 1 Fern. Eastern Nurseries, Helwingia japonica, forms of Calluna, and herbaceous plants. Mr. Fellowes, 2 Praumella. 104 Mr. Edwin Gould, 1 Cycas revoluta. Mr. Theo. J. Graebner, 1 Polypodium, 1 Phegopteris. Prof. H. M. Hall, 1 Frankenia grandifolia Mrs. George H. Harman, 6 Rattlesnake Pianta. Mr. L. Ww. Hitchcock T Ly4s; Mr. C. W. Johnson, 2 Polygala. Mr. G. E. Nichols, 6 Clumps /ris lacustris, 12 Anemone ae Mrs. E. A. S. Peckham, 1 Bearded Iris, Princess Beatrice Mr. Edward M. Powers, 1 Aloc, 1 Sedum. Miss Grace Sturtevant, 1 Jris Miss Venetia Taylor, 1 Linaria canadensis, 3 Arisaema triphyllum. Miss Maude E, Voris, 1 Lilinm elegans. Mr. Robert Wayman, 257 plants of 160 varieties of tall bearded Iris (1925 and 1926 ~ . Seeds Dr. W. W. Ashe (1) Mrs. F. L. Dow (5) Mrs. George S. Brown (30) Mr. Robert B. Job (1) Mrs. G. R. Butler (1) Mrs, C, 5, Lewis (3) Mr. L. Cantor (9 Mr. A. L. Poessel (2) Mr. Willard N. Clute (1) Mr. R. Williams (7) Phanerogamic Herbarium Dr. Howard J. Bank 148 pressed pene from Florida. Children’s Museum, Brooklyn, Various collections arom New York, China, and Switzerland. Miss Frances C. Fisbec 145 specimens eaileeed near Williamstown, Mass. Mr. Frank H. Henry 1 Redwood hae Mr. E. S. Mille 345 specimens from Wading River, N. Y. Miss B. Undery 3 pressed ee vers, moss, and seaweed from Alaska. Miss Ethel V. Woodward, 4 specimens from Los Angeles, California. Cryptogamic Herbarium No accessions by gift received during 1926. 105 Iris Project Special Fund RGD ert Wie villa escqecssres cee sreee care reattach ee isos Siete na pen ze saa, onan $ 20.00 Parla ne pee Keel Se yesenee erin terete eile i a ee ere ae 5.00 StumppeandmyWraltenes Com panyaeeer ee eee ere ee eee 25.00 Amenicanelnise SOCIChysa- teen een ar ere eset a ee renege a 100.00 ds ered Berra (bal Sa Tak cen ree are restos Fark, an ear en me re ot iy Coe ar eres 20.00 MirseaWiheelers Heme eckharmnyarey sina hese erent ee eae 60.908 VE Yes ABST gic ba bars coer Aa ea Re eva re Re errr rr ae eer 75.00 $305.98 Plants Gifts of plants for the Iris Project are listed on page ooo. Library (Exclusive of U. S. Government Documents) Booxs Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C............... 2 Mrs. John Ross Delafield, 17 E. 79th Street, New York, N. Y......... I Rairchild Sons. Inc Brooklyn Ne Yas senes ee cco tess I Mrs. Maude eeeeae lhatasn leymololehan, Ne Wor adouoosauueanuenmooodeooe I Wie, Wiloreventre Jainxay Jevdolo)idhign No \osgouconusoononobanounoeeoacoduen I (Oke, (CO. Siaberde (Ceveqouy ieieae) dhanh, NG otc Gang nao oka om onoe oe 13 lBye, AN lal (Greene leinetalidhan, ING Woooadoouaccoenoocccamnosucduonnas I Dr. Fortunato L. Herrera, ee Det cheLb heeetey Fant etre ines coy eee eer Caner ire I IDK Sp NERF iin GGYy IMS Roo spas cccoc anda bnanadba anon sana sree fe il Miss Maud E. Purdy, Sees Nie G Sere ne cept ge Rc peda Fea ia I Miss Ellen Eddy Shaw, epic dy INA Ee ee esa an orf eh ealne ty. I Miss ad Simpsons rOOkhy mys Nie eee ees ay rere en I man Taylor, Be Nis Yee nr ee creche ger Shes 2 Mice came E. Ward, 415 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.............. 12 Muss; Harriet, Eu White, Brooklyn) Ney eee a pe ee 2 DraOr Re Wihites Brooklyn vuNe Wares ene eee cer rc atten cere. I Woodcraft League of America, Mogewetu Tribe of Buoolslyn WIG eae ras I Hon. Richard Young, 87 Lincoln Road, Brooklyn, N. Y............... I STR Gy tet eke tector see escheat ght ae UR ES Wr hts Ripen os 44 PAMPHLETS Mr. Robert W. Ascroft, East Molesey, Surrey, England.............. I Dr. Harry S. Bernton, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C... Dr. J. W. Bews, Armstrong College, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, asievadl II 106 Prof. N. Borodin, Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, N. Y................ Prof. F. O. Bower, University of Glasgow, Gee SCOPANd es csc. Broosyn Mauss Library, Drookivi, My Yin ss cae) eee ee. Carnegie Institution of bianchi Department of Genetics, Cold pie arbor one leland or osc ae ae ee ae ee Oe Carnegie aa of oe Washington, 9s As. ccgs estan Prof. Henry H. Dixon, School of Botany, Trinity College, Dublin, saried ee Pere ere ha a Cree te tier eae ee SERN TUTE) Sele RTO Dre) A. Barwell, steait: Michigans. te 326 ee Pa eee yas Mr. Charles Frankenberger, 1313 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y..... Mr Montini Breen munokivieN 6 Vicia oat peta ees toe Die tart (aacere MOON > Mal Nyon: en ee es, pe Dir oe. Grime nents GOOk ui oN Ye Senate ee ee Horticultural Society of New York, 598 Madison Avenue, N. Y. C..... Di. tebat es Janek aris Wrance oyu mie cs edt ee eer aa Dr; nicla Kozlowska, Krakow, Poland..:...¢o:6...005 seeisee ea ee Dr. Beatrice Lee, Botany Department, University of Leeds, Leeds, Pe Mee atria eae bine ae ee een a en McGill University, Department of Botany, Montreal, Canada.......... Dr. Koki Masui, College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University, Kyoto, Japan Moscow panes des Amis des Sciences Naturelles, d’Anthropologie t i oa Ye) U2 11 10 < Maer rarer er ure eae ear rrr Kn Pane ora Lc. SOMA re National poe Council, ecm Ts) ee (Cae ei pea ie te Dri Nawashun violet (estat ays Ghee See Vane phe pay hee ic ts Dr. S. Nawashin, Kiev, ree Bese epaeie sees a ptt cy APOE Cea mR Nr UT Dr. Alvar Palmgren, Andregatan, 10, Melunetar Si Eeimaindere ee 12.0 Dr. J. H. Priestley, Botany Department, University of Leeds, Leeds, bn -3 Ea Gmeepemereayre cri 8 a0 ave pes Coenen. Po Olle Coty tet