BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN RECORD VOL. XXVI JANUARY, 1937 NO. 1 CONTENTS DELECTUS SEMINUM BROOKLYN 1936 FOR THE 3 ADVANCEMENT SERVICE. OF OP BOTANY i, THE CITY PUBLISHED QUARTERLY AT PRINCE AND LEMON STREETS, LANCASTER, PA. BY THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES BROOKLYN, N. Y¥. Entered as second-class matter in the post-office at Lancaster, Pa., under act of August 24, 1912 CA BROOKLUN ABOTANI@ of smut ar generation plants with a view to determining the mode inheritance. During the past year a large number of additional third generation progenies of all of these hybrids was grown, the results supplementing those previously obtained. Studies on Cultures of the Oat Smuts Mr. L. Gordon Utter has continued his studies on cultures of the loose and covered smuts of oats on artificial media in flasks and has carried out infection experiments with them. The Missouri races of loose and covered smuts of oats are distinct from one another on the basis of three definite charac- teristics: (1) type of smut produced on the oat spikelets; (2) the chlamydospore walls are either spiny or smooth; and (3) their capacity for infecting different oat varieties. In the loose smut the spikelets usually are entirely destroyed and replaced by black, dusty masses of chlamydospores which have spiny walls. The Gothland variety 1s completely susceptible to this smut, while Monarch is resistant. ies covered smut only partially destroys the oat spikelets, and the chlamydospores are smooth-walled. This smut causes complete infection ‘of Monarch, but Gothland is fully — resistant, On germination, the chlamydospores of both smuts produce a =s germ tube which bears four small, thin-walled spores, which can tured on a suitable medium. Six- — be isolated individually and cu teen single spore cultures of loose smut and six of covered smut were obtained for infection experiments. When single spore cultures of either smut were used to inocu- late the susceptible oat variety, no infection resulted. Certain 42 paired single spore cultures of the loose smut produced infection on Gothland and the smut was of the loose type, the chlamydo- spores being spiny. In the same way, properly paired single spore cultures of the covered smut gave ae covered smut type of infection on Monarch, the chlamydospores being smooth-walled. These results indicate that the infection of ie oats by both smuts is dependent upon the proper combination of two definite single spore cultures. In 1933, many single spore cultures of the loose smut were pared with similar cultures of the covered smut and inoculations were then made on Gothland and Monarch. Two of these com- binations infected Monarch, but the smut resulting was of the loose type with spiny-walled chlamydospores. i} This smut material was saved and used for inoculating a series of oat varieties, including Gothland and Monarch, in 1934. Simi- lar experiments were carried out in 1935 and 1936 and analyzed on the basis of infection and smut types produced, especially on Gothland and Monarch. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. Collections or strains of loose smut were obtained capable of infecting Gothland, but not Monarch. The pathogenicity and other characteristics were typical for the loose smut. Similarly, strains of covered smut appeared which were specific in their behavior and characteristics on Monarch. 2. Several strains of the smuts were found which produced in- fection on both Monarch and Gothland. ‘The smut produced, re- gardless of the oat variety, was typically either loose or covered smut. 3. Gothland was observed to give 15 to 100 per cent. infection with certain strains of typical covered smut, to which Monarch gave no infection, or at least gave low percentages 4. Monarch gave 7 to 100 per cent. infection with strains of loose smut, to which Gothland usually showed no infection. The results indicate that hybridization between the loose and covered smuts was accomplished, resulting in the production o either loose smut or new strains, showing the characteristics o covered smut, but differing decidedly in their pathogenic capacities. 43 Sorghum Simut Investigations Dr. D. Elizabeth Marcy has continued the investigations on the inheritance of smut resistance in sorghum hybrids. Over a period of years, a large amount of data has been obtained on 24 different sorghum hybrids. These hybrids were tested for the reaction to both the covered smut (Sphacelotheca sorght) and to the loose smut (S. cruenta). They represented some crosses between re- eH sistant varieties, other crosses between susceptible varieties, and a third group of crosses between resistant and susceptible varieties. Generally, the F,, F,, and F., generations were grown, but for some hybrids data were obtained for fourth and fifth generation proge- nies. Approximately 50,000 plants have been grown during the five year period from 1931 to 1935. The results for 12 of these crosses have been written up in final form and presented as the thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Columbia Uni- qerdata son tie ee versity, and have been accepted for publication. T remaining hybrids are now being prepared for publication. The sorghum hybrids are stuuitable material for the study of the Sorghums are par- inheritance of Many mot phological characters. ticularly favorable for such studies because of the ae differ- ences between the parental varieties used. Accordingly, for all 24 crosses, records have been taken on various characters, ree the color of the glumes and of the seeds. These data have been nd have proved to be of considerable interest. At least one case Hes in inheritance has been noted. Miss Theresa ee i Brooklyn College has assisted in recording much of analyzed a = the data. The experiments with the influence of environment on the infec- tion of sorghum have been continued, The effects of temperature, moisture, and sugar solution have been tested, the same conditions being supplied as in 1935. The seedlings were germinated in cups of sand, placed in a constant temperature tanks, and temperatures Otel oe foe Ue ee ees, 27.5 -and.J0" Ceweredised.s, Thesper centage of moisture varied in the different experiments from 10 to 50 per cent. of the total water holding capacity of the sand. One with water, while another set re- Qu set of seedlings was moistenec ceived a 2 per cent. sucrose solution. There was no attempt to control temperature or moisture after 44 the seedlings had emerged in the constant temperature tank. Many of the seedlings, particularly in the sucrose series, were lost on account of the growth of a fungus (Cephalothecnun roseum) im the sand cultures, a condition which had not occurred in 1935. Nevertheless, the data were found to be in agreement with those previously secured. Vhree of the four varieties used are susceptible and show typical smut infection. The fourth variety, leterita, is seldom typically smutted. Infection of Feterita is characterized by blasting of the heads and a meager formation of smut balls. Infection for all four varieties tested was highest when the seeds had been germi- nated at 10 per cent. moisture. This was true for all temperatures and for both the water and sugar series. At 10 per cent. moisture, temperatures of 15 to 17.5 were most conducive to high infection in both the water and sugar series except for the variety [eterita, which was most heavily infected at 27.5 to 30. At low tempera- tures, infections for all varieties tested were usually slightly greater in the water series than in the sugar series. At high temperatures, shehtly greater infections occurred in the sugar series as compared with the water series, while at the intermediate temperatures, in- fections were greatest in the sugar series when the moisture content was low but in the water series when the moisture content was high. The results indicate that these three environal factors are inter-related and limit one another. These results are particularly important in the study of inheritance of resistance in hybrids. It has been noted that in the hybrid Feterita x Sumac Sorgo, seed- ling environment influences the interaction between a factor for resistance brought in by I*eterita and a factor for susceptibility brought in by Sumac Sorgo. Under one set of environal con- ditions the Feterita factor is epistatic to the Sumac Sorgo factor, while under another set of conditions the reverse is true, We are indebted to the courtesy of Director HI. B. Knapp and his associates, State Institute of Apphed Agriculture on Long Island, Farmingdale, L. [.. for land and facilities for conducting extensive experiments with the sorghum smuts. 45 AP shou heads By GeorGE M. REED It was necessary to reset many of the Bearded iris during the past year. Many of the beds were established several years ago and the varieties have gradually deteriorated. Many additional varieties were added to the collection, most of which were com- paratively new introductions. At the same time, some of the older varieties were discarded, since it is impossible to find space to continue to add varieties to the collection without discarding. In the Annual Report for 1935 a full account of the Farming- dale Iris Garden was given. This Garden was established in co- operation with the State Institute of Applied Agriculture on Long Island on the grounds of the latter institution. A large number of varieties, representing the Dwarf, Intermediate, and Tall Bearded iris, and the various groups of Beardless iris, including Japanese, Siberian, and Southern United States, were planted. During the past year a few additional varities and species were added to the Garden. Many seedlings of various iris hybrids are being grown. Most of them involve crosses between various types of Southern iris. A few of the first generation plants bloomed during the past year, and many additional ones will doubtless flower in 1937. An account of hybrids between /ris laevigata, which is native to Japan and Northeastern Continental Asia, with the American [. versicolor and If. virginica, was published. It is very interesting that hybrids between these widely separated species have been secured. The original species, however, resemble each other in a number of important characters. In all successful crosses J. laevi- gata was the male parent. Soft rot of the iris rhizome This disease of the iris has caused serious damage in the beds of the Tall Bearded iris, both at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and at te appeared in July and continued to September. Many aay Farmingdale. The trou attack plants through August and part of clumps of iris were destroyed, although only a few varieties were entirely lost. In order to save many of the plants it was necessary 46 to dig them up, separate them, and reset them. In the past the plantations at the Brooklyn — Jotamie Garden have been compara- tively free from this serious disease of the iris. In fact, it has been noted only during the last three years, and this past season was the first one in which serious damage occurred. Tris thrips control The Beardless iris, especially the Japanese varieties, have been severely infested with thrips in plantings at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. ‘The invasion goes back several vears. Frequently very serious Injury to the flowers of the Japanese varieties is produced. The insect occurs in large numbers on the vellow flag of Europe (/ris pscudacorus) and on our native blue flag (/. versicolor). On these species, however, very little flower injury occurs. The foliage injury, however, may be severe on these as well as on the Japanese varieties. The insect also occurs on the Southern and other beardless types, but apparently is quite rare on the Bearded varieties. During the past few years extensive experiments on the control of these insects have been undertaken in cooperation with Dr. C. A. Weigel and Dr. lloyd Ff. Smith of the Division of Truck Crop and Garden Insect Investigations, Bureau of [nto- mology and Plant Quarantine, Washington, D.C. A method of treating the iris with hot water has been devised which has proved to —H be very successful. These experiments involve the use o varieties belonging to the various groups of the iris. In April many additional treatments were made and further series in late July and October. Nearly all of the treated iris were taken out to the pro — agation section on the grounds of the State Institute of Apphed Agriculture on Long Island at larm- ~ ingdale, where the necessary land 1s available, through the courtesy of the officials of the Institute. The hot water treatments, of course, involve digging the plants and resetting them after treatment. A series of preliminary ex- periments was carried out to determine whether thrips could be kept in control by the use of suitable sprays. 47 Graduate Students and Independent Investigators Enrolled During 1936 Mr. Paul F. Brandwein, a graduate student of New York Uni- versity, has continued his work in plant pathology. He has under- ta —_ sen a study of the influence of inoculation and infection on oat plants by the loose and covered smuts. lis data for 1936 have been written up and presented as a thesis to New York University TORME — ie Master’s degree. Dr. Marie It. Conklin continued her investigations on the bac- teria which form tubercles on the wild legumes. She carried out an extensive series of field experiments with the organism causing nodule formation on the soybean. Iler earlier results on “ Studies of the root nodule organisms of certain wild legumes ” were pre- sented as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Columbia University, and were published in Soil Science during the year. Dr. Ilva Lawton, a member of the Biology Department of Hunter College, has continued her studies on regeneration and polyploidy in ferns. Forest PATHOLOGY 3y ArTHUR HARMOUNT GRAVES Chestnut Breeding Work in 1936 lor those who are unacquainted with the situation and to whom this report may come as the first one they have seen on this work, it should be stated that the American chestnut, a very valuable timber tree, has become almost extinct because of the attacks of a parasitic fungus, ndothia parasitica, tlowever, certain species of chestnut which are natives of Japan and China, e.g. the Japanese (Castanea crenata) and the Chinese (C. mollisstma), show con- siderable resistance to the attacks of the fungus. But these species, unfortunately, are trees of comparatively small stature, so that they can never supplant the American chestnut as a timber-produc- ing species. — The Problem.—TVo bring back the chestnut tree (to use a com- mon newspaper caption)—how can it be accomplished ? 48 The Proposed Solution.—We believe the problem can be solved, first of all, by combining the quality of disease resistance inherent in the oriental species, with the tall-timber character, i.e. the lofty height growth, of the American species. Such a combination may ection pee be brought about by continued breeding, accompanied by se of desirable types. In the meantime, also by breeding, desirable characters of other species may be incorporated into the new stock, It is on account of this last consideration that we are trying to develop many new hybrids, in addition to the chief combinations of Japanese-American and Chinese-American. For, leaving aside, for the moment, the qualities of height growth and disease re- sistance, many of the species, or even races within species, have other desirable qualities, such as cold or drought resistance, resis- tance to insect attack, and robust growth, 1e., unusual growth im thickness, as distinct from rapidity of growth in length. The qual- ity of the nuts, too—their flavor, size, and abundance, and the pre- cocity of blooming and fruiting, are some of the points that should be considered. For, although our primary aim is to restore a tim- ber tree, the nuts have some value, even though proportionately small. Finally, it should be borne in mind continually that valu- able recessive (1.e. hidden) characters may exist in many of the species, which continued breeding may bring to light. For the beneht of those unfanular with plant breeding may we say that when, for example, plants of two different species are to — be bred together or crossed, the process consists essentially of pollinating the pistils (containing the eggs) of the plant of one species with the pollen (producing the sperms) from a plant of the other species. Such pollination, if successful, results in a seed containing a “ half-breed ” embryo, t.e., a young plant which are contains within itself a combination of the characters of both parents. Propagation.—lf and when we succeed in developing a disease resistant tree of timber type, there would always remain. the difficulty of reproducing it by its nuts; for, as every botanist knows, these could not be depended upon to produce trees like the parent. Vegetative propagation is therefore the only solution ; ie., the growing of new individuals from parts or pieces of the individual which it is desired to multiply. We have tried re- 49 peatedly to root cuttings. Even grafting has met with only mod- erate success. But this fall (1936) we found a happy solution of the difficulty, for we have at last succeeded in developing roots by the layering method. The details still have to be worked out, but the fact remains that asexual propagation by this method can be done. Disease Escape vs. Disease Resistance —Some people have said to us, “ How do you know your chestnut trees are not merely of being disease-resistant?’’? As we disease-escaping instead said in a former report, we are not trying to keep the disease away from our trees. The woods surrounding our five planta- tions are well supplied with diseased and dying shoots of the native chestnut, and the air surrounding the trees must be well laden with the fungus spores at least some of the time. Many of our hybrids have been killed by the bight. It is to be expected that some of them would inherit disease susceptibility. But to remove any doubt about the matter, and to put the whole subject of disease resistance on a definite, scientific basis, we inocu- ated,* in 1936, all those trees, not only hybrids but species as well, which were large enough to inoculate with the fungus. At — the same time, using the same culture of the fungus, we inoculated a large number of native shoots in the woods near the plantation for comparison. This work will be continued each year for at least three years, to see if the results of each year correspond. Finally, each individual will be given a number indicating the degree of its blight resistance. We have been told that we may lose all our trees as a result of these inoculations. There is nothing to fear on this score; for, in the first place, if they are easily killed, they are quite undesirable. In the second place, the inoculations have been made, in every case, well up from the trunk, on side branches. These branches can easily be removed, 1f for any reason that should be deemed — advisable. Management of the Plantations—In April, 1936, the National Research Council awarded us a grant-in-aid which enabled us to * The inoculations were made by removing a piece of bark about one inch long by % inch wide. The slit thus made (cut down as far as the wood) was filled with fungus mycelium and covered with electrician’s tape which was extended around the branch. The tape was removed a month later. 50 pay the wages of a man from April to August inclusive, also to pay for plowing and harrowing, and for fertilizer, clover seed, jaar and various materials. Two of the plantations had been main- tained under fairly clean cultivation for several years, but erosion had taken a considerable toll of the good soil during the past two years, especially during the winter rains. We therefore made a sowing, about May 1, of red clover, for a permanent ground cover; and, at the same time, we applied a light dressing of chemi- cal fertilizer, 5-9-5, Le. 5 parts nitrogen, 9 parts phosphorus, and 5 potash. The extra heavy application of phosphorus was made with a view to improving nut development. There has been some improvement in the growth rates, perhaps as a result of the fertilizer. Our other three plantations are in sod land. In two of them the trees are spaced 15 feet apart; in the third, which is devoted entirely to trees coming from “natural”? or open pollinations, the trees are 6 feet apart. These different methods of culture have been adopted for experimental purposes. We have also a few trees growing in the woods, in the shade of tall trees—oak, maple, beech, ete. Altogether, our five plantations occupy now about 6 acres. Spring cankerworms were again very destructive, and the war against them occupied much of our time in May and June, but peace was declared about June 15.) The war against the leaf sucking lice began in July, a little earlier than usual, perhaps on account of the drought. The first spraying with nicotine sulphate came on July 13, with a second soon after, on July 16. The trees were sprayed again on August 8, 10, and 21. We have found that if the first spraying is followed up quickly in a day or two with a second application, the work is much more effective. New Hybrids. rom our cross pollinations in 1936, — lollowing is a list of the hybrid nuts obtained Hyprips oF 1936 All at Hamden, Connecticut No.of Nuts 2 Japanese (crenata, 5 yrs.) crossed with “S58” (10 yrs.) * crossed with American (dentata ) 1 Japanese (crenata, 5 yrs. * S8 is the result of a cross made by Dr. Walter Van Fleet of the U.S. D. A.; apparently it is a combination of Castanea crenata and C. puniila. Di 17 ne es Type (crenata var., 8 yrs.) crossed with Smith rbrid (crenata X dentata, 5 yrs.) hirg ae (mollissima, 10 yrs.) crossed with American (den- 3 tata, from U. S. D. A. and No. Haven, Conn. ) 2 Hairy Chinese (mollissima, 10 yrs.) crossed with Japanese (cre- nata, Hammond) 2 Hairy Chinese (mollissima, 10 yrs.) crossed with Smith Hybrid (crenata X dentata, 5 yrs.) (1)* 13 Hairy Chinese (mollissima, 8 and 10 yrs.) crossed with “ S8,” 10 yrs. 9g SB,” (10 yrs.) crossed with Japanese (crenata, Minturn) (3) 4 “S8,” (10 yrs.) crossed with American (dentata, Jennison) *™* 8 “S8,” (10 yrs.) crossed with Hairy Chinese (mollissima, 10 yrs.) *# 4“ S8," (10 yrs.) crossed with Smith Hybrid (crenata X dentata, 5 yrs.) (3)* 2 Smith Hybrid (crenata X dentata, 5 yrs.) crossed with Japanese (crenata, Hammond) 2 Smith Hybrid aes dentata, 5 yrs.) crossed with American (dentata, US. De Pe ORS initheetiay brid ee x dentata, 5 yrs.) crossed with Chinese Chinquapin (Seguinii) (4) 69 Smith Hybrid (crenata X dentata, 5 yrs.) crossed with Smith Hy- brid (crenata X dentata, 5 yrs.) * 2 Smith Hybrid (crenata X dentata, 5 yrs.) crossed with “S8” (10 yrs.) (Total) 143 hybrid nuts Those combinations marked with a single asterisk (*) are, as far as we can ascertain from the literature, new to science. Those marked with a double asterisk (**) while not new combinations, are reciprocal crosses (i.e., the sex is reversed in each parent ) which we believe have never been made before. As is the gen- erally recognized custom, the name of the female or pistillate parent 1s given first. The numbers at the extreme left are for reference in the following notes. (1) In this cross, two Chinese trees, 8 and 10 years old re- spectively, were the female parents. We are much pleased with this combination: we have tried it before without result. It should combine the great resistance of the “S&” with similar resistance in the Chinese. The next move should be to cross the trees resulting from these nuts with the native American, for height growth. (2) The American pollen used was kindly furnished us by the U. S. Dept. of Interior, and was Prof. H. M. Jennison o collected from a tree (unfortunately badly eg at an eleva- tion of about 4000 feet near Mt. Sterling ¢ zap, N. C. A second lot of pollen sent us by Prof. Jennison, from a eee Ameri- can on Thunderhead Mountain, N. C., at 5000 ft. elevation, yielded f various species and hybrids. A no result after pollination « pollination of “S&” with a good American parent is very desir- Ve in order to give offspring with a greater height growth. We have 14 of these hybrids and 14 of the reciprocals. See 2 alread table, oy ot “ combination of Smith Hybrid with the Japanese chest- - Pp. ie nut, 1.e., a“ back cross,” is a good one because the pollen used here was from the fine Japanese tree of Mr. Paul Hammond at Syosset, Long Island. This tree is one of the parents of the splendid hybrid figured in last year’s report. (4) This is one of the most important items in the table because these are the second generation of Japanese-American hybrids. Growth Rates of Hybrids at the Hamden Plantation —The fol- lowing table gives various data on the growth rates of the different hybrids, 188 in all, now growing at Hamden, Conn, The data were taken at the end of the growing season, on October 12, 1936. If we compare the figures with those of our report for 1935, it will be seen that on the whole there was a somewhat greater erowth in 1936. As the trees become older their rate of growth in length increases somewhat. How long this will continue we do not know. Careful records are being kept of the growth of each individual from year to year. We find that the phenomenon of hybrid vigor as expressed in rapid growth is constant from year to year; i.e., if a given hybrid grows 3 feet in one year, it will approximate the same length growth next vear, ete. The remarkable Japanese-American hybrid figured in last year’s report, then 11 feet 2 inches tall, was this year 14 feet 101% inches, making a growth of nearly 4+ feet. In 1935 it grew 4+ feet 2 inches. The not show the heights of these largest individuals; they tables de are of course buried in the averages. We report a few of the outstanding ones in the table on page 54. ae) TABLE oF GRowTH-RATES OF HyBpRiID CHESTNUTS AT HAMDEN, CONNECTICUT * 1936 : Av eraee Number verge Mas of Trees H fe Name of Hybrid Living 0 elg mim archer ctober | Length 19 1936 Growth ie 1936 ees i ta - contate a Syd me so) 1 6 ft. 8in 23 in een 19; aoa is ee sf EN 4 8 ft. 11 in 34 in Smith 19 ae . dentatawwit ean 142 42 6 ft. 7 in. 25 in Winthrop 1931 renata X dentata........... 2 5 ft. 9 in 25 in Smith 1932 crenata - CEN Gabayetensn teks vets 19 51 in 19 in aes ata X dentata Sean ines, ot 3 54 in 27 in Mintura enata x Gentatanwe epee 11 57 in 25 in Gas CS 31.03 Ae eee chim te Uae ee: (21) S8 X crenata (forest type). 7 22 in 17 in SS cidentata mest on tere o | 15 in 14 in a eee * dentata........ 7 18 in 14 in mollissima X Seguinii........ 4 26 in 23 in pee Hybrid 1931 & dentata. 2 28 in 23 in Grav Soh eae en rate eee ge (52) 58 aoe eee eo Aah ins 13 10 in —- ~rolls issima avs ae Spam 0) 2 TA — mollissima Smith liy brid [OBS Re eG tet se te Ae 2 8 in — mollissima var. Mammoth X a hice pt est os a 11 11 in — Pelee pumila U.S. D. A.) Ceiba tats cco one 9 7 in — crenata DO eee ila Rina Oye o |. 5 13 in ~ crenata x S Smith Hybrid pet 1 10 in Seu (forest type) X de ee See eo ee 7 in — ene (forest type) * Se- FAD UU SUUIEy UNS a shade Sen eee 1 11 in - Smith Rey 1931 & Smith [dL OS leerainan Meneses tn: 3 10 in — Haver eas dentata X eens eg naa 19 61 — dentata KX S8.. 0... 0. 14 11 in — * The table does not include the U. S. D. A. hybrids. Average Mean Length srowth 1936 The names at the extreme left are those of the owners of the trees on which the crosses were made. Year When | Nut Was | Name Number Height in 1936 Produced 1931 Hammond—crenata & dentata| H86-31 14 feet 103 in. vi 7 7 H94--31 9 feet 6 in i Winthrop ae ‘ | W40-31 9 feet : Sn m1 th 7 7 S170C-31 10 feet 6 in. 7 - my S200 B’-31 10 fee : ‘ $238-31 10 feet 7 in es ‘ ~ $ 239-31 10 feet 9 in 1932 pb 7 7 110-32 9 feet 10) in 1933 | * Minturn ‘ e M19’-33 6 feet 8 in. “ Hammond, - HitsA’—33 6 feet 1 in. 1934 /S8 X crenata | on 3 feet 5 in. | mollissima as Seguin | 2 3 4 in 1935 /dentata * S nt roo 35 | 2 feet 4 in S8 & dent: — | | foot 9 in The vearly records of these trees are interesting as showing the rapid rate at which they push upward. Take, for instance, the starred individual in the table. “Phe height growths are as follows: nd of 1934, after one year’s growth, 1 foot 10 in, End of 1935, after two years’ growth, 4 feet 3 in. end of 1936, after three vears’ growth, 6 feet 8 in. It is evident that all these remarkable growth rates are the ex- pression of hybrid vigor. The growth of the native chestnut (C. dentata) is about one foot per vear. Disease Resistance of the Chinese Chestnut—bLast year we re- ported the presence of the blight at the base of 5 of our choicest Chinese chestnuts, then 9 years old. This vear we take pleasure in reporting the entire healing of every one of the lesions caused by the blight on these trees. We had suspected for several years that the physical expression of resistance in the chestnut was accomplished by the formation by the tree of a cork layer imme- diately adjacent to the discased tissue, effectively preventing further advances of the fungus. The appearance of a paper by Mr. W. C. Bramble * in February, 1936, deseribing and figuring such cork formation im lesions caused by the fungus on the American chestnut is evidence of the correctness of this view. * Bramble, W.C. Reaction of chestnut bark to invasion by /ndothia para- sitica. Amer. Jour. Bot. 23: 89-94, 1930, Hie. 5. A Japanese-American hybrid 4+ vears old and nine feet, ten inches tall —the result of a cross of the Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata) owned by Mr. Renville S. Smith of Oyster Bay, Long Island, N. Y., with pollen from vestnut (Castanea dentata) in the region of Lake Ma- shoots of the American ¢ hopac, N. Y. Th Vilkomerson in the summer of 1932. In the summer of 1936 this tree bloomed ce cross was made by Miss Hester M. Rusk and Miss Hilda for the first time, bearing both pistillate and staminate flowers. Photographed Oct. 4, 1930, by Mr. Louis Buhle. (9259) 56 Although Mr. Bramble worked with Castanea dentata only, it is probable that a similar situation obtains in other species of chest- nut. In our inoculations of the Chinese chestnut in 1936, remark- able resistance was shown, due, we believe, to the formation of such occluding cork layers. It will be recalled that last year (1935) Mr. R. C. Ching, of the u-Shan Arboretum and Botanical Garden at Han-Po-Kou, Lu- Shan, Kiukiang, China, having read our report of the disastrous effect of the cold on our Chinese chestnuts, sent us some nuts from his trees (C. mollisstina) growing at an altitude of 4000 feet. Ilere, he stated, they had been subjected during 1930 to a“ tem- perature as low as 15° F. below zero, w temperature for t — ule normally the lowest oat ve months of December, January, and February ranges from 5° to 10° I. below zero.” Mr. Ching sent us also nuts of C. Henryi and C. Seguin, which came from the same locality. Most of these nuts germinated well. The best of the Chinese measured 19 inches high at the end of the season, ~ —_ he best seedling of C. [fenryi measured 16 inches after having made 3 seasons’ growth im one year! The Chinese chinquapins from Mr. Ching showed good growth also, but of course not as great as that of the other two species. We believe that all these chest- nuts, particularly C. mollisstma, will develop into most promising breeding stock, and we would like to acknowledge our indebtedness to Mr. Ching for his substantial expression of interest in our work. so Planting of “ Naturals.’—leach fall there are many nuts which develop as a result of what may be called “ open pollination.” In — 1é Tree which bears the nuts. The male may be any one of the trees of the plantations which were shedding pollen at the time when the these we can be certain only of the female parent, i.e., t pistils were receptive. We believe, however, that in the great majority of cases, pollination is effected by pollen from other trees of the same species. In the first winter after we began planting . ) “naturals” (1934-5), we lost most of them from field mice, these moles, and fungi. The next fall (1935) we enclosed the nuts in cylindrical wrappings of rather old and rusty wire netting (such as is used for wire screens). In this way we secured a fairly good germination last spring, but in several cases the wire netting inter- fered with the egress of the primary root. Last fall we tried a7, another method. A commercial tarry preparation which is in general use by corn growers to prevent the loss of the grain through crows, rodents, etc., was smeared on the nuts just before planting. About 250 nuts, from Chinese, Japanese, and S8 fe- males, were planted after this treatment, and we are hoping for still better germination next spring. New Trees Planted —In April we received a shipment of 20 trees from the Division of Forest Pathology, U. See ele a6 follows: 5 FP476 Castanea crenata from Yoshu-gun, Korea 5 GL Castanea crenata from Akita-ken, Japan 5 FP462 Castanca mollissima from near Tientsin, China 5 MAB Castanea mollissima from Hopeh Province, China The first lot, from Korea, were given to Mr. Rausch, gardener for the Minturn estate at Oyster Bay Cove, L. 1. Two of the next lot, from Japan, were given to Mr. J. J. DeMario and Dr. Paul H. Fairchild, both of Passaic, New Jersey. The rest were set out on our Hamden plantations. In addition to these, two young trees, apparently Japanese, were given us on July 20 by Mr. F. A. Bartlett, of the Bartlett Tree Expert Company of Stamford, Conn. These have been set out on our plantations. Inventory.—Following is a complete list of the numbers of individuals of all the species, varieties, and hybrids now growing on our Hamden plantations, making a total of 604 trees, CHESTNUT SPECIES, VARIETIES, AND HybBrips GROWING AT HAMDEN, CONNECTICUT October, 1936 Name Number of Trees Castanea Ashei—Ashe Chinquapin ............. 00 ce eee ees C. crenata—Japanese Chestnut ......... 00... ccc ce eee 34 C. crenata (Forest Type)—Japanese Chestnut var. ............ 57 Geedentata—Americam -Chestiut: 0. scans aa kar nes dob ae ee 49 Geen Henny, Chestnut vy.05 04 ves ee ce Le ees ee eee 16 C. mollissima—Hairy Chinese Chestnut ........... 0.000500 0005 74 C. mollissima var. Mammoth—Chinese Chestnut var. .......... 2 Cee pila == Emin Qua p ies a patat i ieee dail Goa green oe ete eee 4 Gesdipo— > pation MO Nestilh fsau y veered ee eee pe ee He C. Seguinu—Chinese Chinquapin .........0.. 0002 ccc ee eee 20 “S58” (C. crenata X C. pumila) occccccc nee ndws bebe vende eos 2 MPO, ISCIT CC -c325.ccusa-eys Gusceearceueyie a qiankseie aeteut 4a ab wane Pep Pane e-e Zz C. crenata (Minturn) seled oo... 0.00... eee eee ] C. crenata X COC. dentate eee eee S82 C. crenata oe orest Ty ype) XC. dentata oo... 0c eee ee ees 5 Gs GP CMOLE De. OO An asncber es chat a deresedt eaten ees ee eens ele ied 5 C. crenata LOSE) POs OCOUMAD 2.054) iene te eo es ean ave ] C. crenata X (C. crenata X dentala) occ cee | (C. crenata X C. dentata) * Cy. dentata voce ccc cece eee 2 (C. erenata X C. dentata) X (C. crenata X C. dentata) ........ 3 C. mollissima X Cy. crenata (U.S. DL AL) oe eee 9 Gy HoWmissnt Ge COG: < .hetinssolh ind Shee wh Slee e meee 9 C. mollissima var. Mammoth X C. dentata oo... cece eee 1 C. mollissiema X Cy. Segiitit ccc cence ween ensue eveucvens 4 C. mollissuna X& (C. crenata & C. dentata)y oc... cee ee Z C. dentata X < ell Ct Ata rede tee estate te ae nee a 8 19 Cg, UME, Fee eas ae Sap te ete cosines ete igh dentate wes dee a andes 14 “S8’ eae GHOLEST I ype) sik Bigs sateen aeatscenea wise a 7 POO Om, LOIUGEO! scutes: otgdhse att Sida a Dktuhs Ls aha ieala ates gue aoa 14 ie molltsstna XC. pumila) X C. dentata oo... ee 0) Seedlings from “open pollinations : Hamden ..............0. 00 604 Nuts Reeetved from Outside Sources and Planted in Cold Frames, Fall, 1936 Sept. 25. Castanea dentata from Mr. A. Outram Sherman, Ma- hopac, N. C. dentata from Miss Hilda Vilkomerson, gathered at Mahopac, N. Sept. 28. C. pumila from U. S. A. nurseries at Bowie, Md. Through Mr. k. B. Clapper, Division of Forest Pathology, U.S. D. A C. osarkensis from U. S. Forest Service, Russelville, wS Ark. Through Mr. H. R. Koen, Forest Super- visor. Oct. 15. C. crenata from Mrs. Harry Whitaker, Floral Park, tle C. dentata from Prof. H. AL. Jenison, Elkmont, Tenn. Castanopsis sempervirens from Prof. Frederick S. 3aker, Berkeley, Calif. 59 Oct. 19. Castanea dentata from Prof. H. M. Jennison, EIk- mont, Tenn. Oct. 24. C. crenata from Mr. Renvil — e 5. Smith. Oyster Bay, Dec. 8 C. dentata through Mr. J. Stuart Thomson, from South Dakota. — Mutation in Nature.—There is always the chance that disease- resistant chestnuts may be developing by mutation somewhere in our eastern forests. In our search of the New York region, in 1918, for an immune or very resistant native chestnut, we found that individuals vary greatly as regards their susceptibility to the disease. Evidently it holds with the species Castanea dentata, as with other plant species, that a great variety of strains or races exists within the species. With this consideration in mind, we are making every effort to plant all nuts which are sent to us from fruiting sprouts. Further General Cooperation Needed—I\f any who read this report know of chestnut trees which are resisting the blight, we would much appreciate a post card telling us where to find them. And if nuts of wild trees are gathered in the fall, we would be glad to receive some. But the nuts should not be allowed to be- come dry. A few days in a heated room are apt to be fatal. They should be wrapped in moist cotton, paper napkins, or moss, immediately after gathering, and mailed to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. All such nuts will be carefully planted by us, and the resulting trees labelled with the name of the finder and the locality. We already have 49 such trees, from nuts coming from locations ranging from Asheville, North Carolina, to Portland, Maine. Further, we shall soon need about 5 acres of good arable land within a reasonable distance—perhaps not more than 50 miles—of 3rooklyn, N. Y., or of Hamden, Conn. We shall need this for planting new hybrids. The more hybrids we grow the better are the chances of ultimate success. We would be glad to hear from anyone who has land fulfilling these requirements. Finally, our greatest need at present is a regular fund on which we can depend for the field expenses of this work from year to 60 year. The American Academy of Arts and Sciences at Boston, and the National Research Council at Washington, have granted us material assistance during the past two years. But we can not expect these grants-in-aid to be continued from year to year. The breeding of chestnut trees is a long-time project which may extend over a period of ten years or more in the future. If we could be assured of $1000 a year for that period, the chances of ultimate success would be much increased. Such an investment should yield most satisfactory returns to the donor. Acknowledgments —We take pleasure in acknowledging the con- tinued cordial cooperation of the Division of Forest Pathology of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture with us in this problem; and we sincerely appreciate the many helpful letters, the specimens of nuts, and material assistance in other ways, from sources too nu- merous to mention here. These evidences are sufficient proof of the great public interest in this problem. Respectfully submitted, Artitur TH. GRaAvEs, Curator of Public Instruction. SYSTEMATIC BoTANy The Classification of Dicotyledons By ALFRED GUNDERSEN Studies continued during 1936 indicate clearly that there is one change in the Engler System for which the evidences appear to be especially convincing. Briefly, the groups of families represented by Cistus and Papaver should not be separated. That is, Engler’s groups, Parietales and Rhoedales, in America often called Violales and Papaverales, belong together. This is not saying that these groups are necessarily wholly natural ones; only that the system — of dicotyledons becomes greatly simplified by having these groups, characterized in the main by parietal placentation, adjacent. With my last year’s report was included an outline of seven systems of Dicotyledons (Sympetalae excepted) from 1824 to 1925. It shows that in the De Candolle, Bentham and Hooker, Kichler, Warming, Wettstein, and Rendle systems, Papaver and 61 Cistus are near together. Their separation must be considered a peculiarity of the Engler System. It is, in fact, indicated by Iengler in his own diagram published in 1897, that these groups are closely related. — With such a large number of families united by parietal placen- tation and other characteristics—such as numerous stamens, sepa- rate sepals, frequent spiral arrangement of parts—the question of the relation of the various forms of placentation assumes special interest. Parietal placentation in the bud often changes to axile in the flower: the opposite is never the case. In the Introduction to his famous Syllabus, Engler wrote: * now established in its principal features. The natural system 1s When one examines recent systems of classification of dicotyledons the words, “ prin- cipal features,” must be used in a broad sense to make the state- ment a true one. The early systems were linear ones. Systems of dicotyledons with a branching arrangement, indicated by dia- grams, have been published by Engler 1897, Wettstein 1911 and 1923, Bessey 1914, Hutchinson 1926, and others. Comparing these diagrams we get a good idea of differences; we see, at the same time, that there is also substantial agreement on many points. lor example, differences regarding the Sympetalae are compara- tively slight. It is not to all characters of floral structures, but to those having a bearing on these differences of opinion that I have given atten- tion in the study of flowers and their development, and with special reference to groups other than Sympetalae. Among these groups greater attention to placentation simplifies the classification. SYSTEMATIC BoTANY By Henry K. SvENSoN During the spring of 1936 three weeks were occupied in plant- collecting in Tennessee. The following studies have been com- pleted or are under way. 1. Ferns of the Galapagos and Cocos Islands. Drv: He. Berkeley:, Caleta yr oe es Graves, Dr. Arthur peu Broo kliviwlNte Vee eens: ee, Gundersen, Dr. Alfred, Brook Neer arene Rat haf) Haggerty, Miss Bey ore Ny. fee Cecio key eeepc ee ene Harper, Dr. Roland Ms sUniversityseailasemrren (eaten cso te Haskins, Dr. C. P., eee INES VIR Sere etn Det ec 8 8 cat Inman; Dre Or 1s Antioch Ohio eet: orca oe iW Roth osialceieirer eviens 10VereueneuemsG econ ei ai6 oy LT , seh ie eee Ne Asie lene, sels tgetrnevstejcentyletece: 4 er Spring w DR & BRO _ bo Pred FM rH eH \o 108 Japan. Board of Tourist Industry, Tokyo .......... 0.020.000.0000 0 ee 1 Jones, Dr. Linus H., Amherst, Mass. ........ 0.0.0. eee eee ee eee es dan, Mr. William E., Brooklyn, N.Y. 2.0... ccc ccc eee , Mr. Samuel, Brooklyn, fea" peteestghegetscereeest ceed suid aueuane- gure # acateae pb ela oe ast, Mr. Leonard W., Washington, D. C. ...... 2.2... ee eee Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England .......... 02.0... .20 000 Kittredge, Miss FE. . Mergenness Vito wuavcscagt cies wieder ts Liverpool Public o. Lpteenaal HP lANCL. 2.05 Searing eaeaice ee Loo, Tsung-Lé and Loo, Shih-Wei, Nanking, China ..............005. Looser, Mr. Gualterio, Santiago, Chile .......... 0.0.2 Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston, Mass. ...............0005 Miyake, Dr... Kuiehi, Tokyo, Japan sa4sdj0ceviawecaipau ates fies Miyoshi, Dr. Manabu, Tokyo, Japan 2... 0... 0000.20 ces New Mexico State Tourist Bureau, Santa Fe, N. M. ............ 0005 New York Times, New York, N.Y... 0. ccc cece eee eee tee een eee Oak, Miss Dorothy, New York, N.Y. ... 0... cece ees Oinoue, Dr. Y., Shizuwoka, Japan ....... 0... ec cee teens Pennsylvania, University of, neces Philadelphia, Pa. .............. Quist, Mr. Marre, Brooklyn? Ns Yo sen gitiertands ee da depts Ritchie, Mr. R. R., Saratoga . eINGs Nie: avauhaetouedsone Sencar dane Rockefeller eee for Medical Reh New York, N. Y. .......... Rothamsted pare eal Station, Harpenden, Herts, England ....... Saunders, Miss E. R., Cambridge, England .....0..0..0.0.0 000 eee eee School Garden Association, New York, No Yoo... 0.00.00 eee eee Schroeder, Dr. Frederick, Brooklyn, N. Y. 2.2.20... 0... ccc eee eee Spaulding, Dr. Perley, New ae COMM « yhicece ta otieeaty enth e en ae Petes Spingarn, Mr. J. E.. Amenia, Ne VY. s4¢ssteann tees haw eases ¥ needs Szymkiewicez, Dt Lwow, panna pee et dee enema tana arqureeg wa re Takahashi, Professor Kenji, Kyoto, Japan ...... 0.00.00. eee eee Tarnavsehi, Dr. I. T., Cernauti, Roumania 2.0.0.0... 0.0.00 Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville, Tenn. ..............0.0 0008. Thomson, Mrs. Frank Graham, Warel aii, NLASS:, .-au sites Cesta ee Waverly Press, Inc., Baltimore, Md. ........... 0.000... cee eee Webster, Mrs. Hollis, Lexington, Mass. ........0000 00000 cee eee WROCAl, Zecacs ie atiate eaters cn lone haneee ty CMeeed ane aa Lemania ie bene uvet eens Parts OF PUBLICATIONS (Exclusive of Government Documents ) American Horticultural Society, Washington, D.C. .............02... American Nature Study Society 2.2.0.0... 0.0.0.0 ce ccc ee ee ee tees American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, New York, N. Y. American Tree Association, Washington, D.C. .........2. 00200000005 Ames, Professor Oakes, Cambridge, Mass. .........0..0.0 0000 eee eee FRPOW VIOUS: asco ccec-secsenc. wav ating speeches Start Nee nrc gee ale a econ are ein Bailey, Professor Liberty Hyde, Ithaca, N.Y... 0.0.0... . 00 eee Ww to oe — 4 Be Dw wD RS DR Be SB De Re Se Se Se We bd a ee) mb btw bd wm 109 Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii ...................... Cambridge University, Botanic Garden Soe Cambridge, England Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C. .............. Carpenter, Mr. D: S.. Middletown’ Springs, Vte¢ co ¢ 0 beseech eee. Clarkson, Mrs. Rosetta E., New Rochelle, N. VAR Set tee tily ann aprons Coline Mr. Walter E., Wer Iago) gt -d bch ols EM noe tetrrens ema ane tee ee Colorado Scientific Society, Denver, Colo. .......... 0. cc cece cece cues @Coloradogdniversity ore poulder Colo; orycan eee deeds ea ee @onmitce on the Relation of Electricity to Agriculture, Chicago ...... PENS Tree Se one, ae ORIG: cies Seria cersnte tn tn eee e Fisher Scientific ee Pitbce FETE are eee oN flan rie aie wee ara: Florida Entomological Society, eS ecile LED Ee ee ori hen ee ea oe Piece Mr Vion tastes Prooldy tana). 6. 2. urea eceneee en mene Gager Dre Cr stuatt rool SiN. Nico, 9G), oe eee ee ae se Glasnevin Botanic Conley Dublin, Treland 52 ae eee ee ee thee ah a raves, ‘Dy Arthur eae Brockton N. SVS: hag ree ie ar aie sari ee eee oa Harvard Forest, Petersham, Mass. ........c0c0ccccccececdeeescctese. Imperial Forestry Experi one Seti Qn, oe Tokyo, Japan ...... Imperial Bureau of Plant Genetics, Aberystwyth, Wales .............. Jenkins, Mr. Charles F., Mt. Airy, ee "pa Risa te a MRS Ea McFarland, J. Horace Company, Harrisburg, Pa. .................... Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. ................0.. Medical Society of the County of Kings, Brooklyn, N. Y. ............. National Research Council, Washington, D. C. ............2.-.00000-- National Research Council of ne paite okyo.-Japatig ste eeie e et Shade ce Conter Seta Ve hm na ee ee Nees ait Public TE icity eee tg So Sr 2 4, oe oe hg ok SMe ee aaa ae ea New York State ene ENT a ya Nie V2 3. ccs. cate ee et New VY Ora otatesWniversitveoAlbanye.N. V... iis one iceen ce eena non eed Ohara aaa for Agricultural Research, Kurashiki, Japan .......... Orevonw- Universtiy ole Etipene Ores A.) acca ns ae eee eee Pennsylvania, University of, Library, Philadelphiaw Paves eer eee Queensland. Forestry Board, Brisbane ............0c0ccececeeeccece ced Ore GeoroceM wh rooklyi No. kh, oe ie ene ane ae one Roosevelt Wild Life Forest Experiment Station, Syracuse, N. Y. ...... yeti ca Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts, England ........ Royale wenicultunal Society ed ino: Mey pt 2). 24s cn) ene eee eee School Gardens wssociationmNiew work... Yo... oo: rae ae eee eee Scientific Expedition to Manchoukuo, aleve. Dich py- Noes hy outa wee Shaw, Miss Ellen Eddy, Brookly1 RIN NA Ore ORE PERO Stee ht ats on a me Wh Bee he Ee Hm wWN RR — on COW RF NN HD WR H DH HB DH HB hw KH HEY — 110 Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas ............. 0.0 2.020405. ] Struckmann, Mr, Erick, Copenhagen, Denmark boat aie baat Man eae ek ae 1 Taihoku Imperial University, Formosa, Japan ............0 02.000. 000- 1 Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai, Japan .............. 0.200222 eee 4 Torrey B otanical Club; New York, Ni Ys tcusas cateuugue wees Seen Zz Towson Nurseries, Inc., Towson, Md. 0... .. eee ce eee 4 Upsala B acne meri AUS Ae eS WON of bisects ccaue oie ane abaya 1 Windels, Mr. Paul, New York, N.Y. .... 0... ce ccc ee eee ene ] Tale University, School of Forestry, New Haven, Conn. ...........5.. 7 TOtal psieeacse fancies eae surat cadeie seein ads oe eee beeen tee ees 317 Portraits AND PHoToGRAPIIS Compton, Professor Rk. H., Kirstenbosch, South Africa ............0.085 1 Dammerman, Dr. Kk. W., Buitenzorg, ed Heeeach ie etn nach eee toe eee ] Gaser, Dr: C, Stuart, Brooklyn, Ni Yecswienrcedue tained ened wes 3 cca Botanical Garden, St. oo MG. gasced sion eae eae ee 3 Nichols, Dr. G. E., New MVE: (COMM: peda eset a eee ea a 3 Zimmele, Mr. Charles F., Brook yklyn, N, AvTroGRAPIL LeTreRs Gager. Dr.-C.. Stuart; Brooklyn, Ny. Yo wacesc:os sat eee fa bee ieans 75 MISCELLANEOUS Doney, Mr. Charles F., Brooklyn, N. Y. Material on Christmas greens. Gager, Dr. C. Stuart, Brooklyn, N. Y. Historical material, Ms. and letters. New Mexico State Tourist Bureau, Santa Fe, N. M. Road map, 1936. Ritchie, Mr. R. R., Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 7 illustrations of fossil algae. For the Department of Plants Living Plants American Narcissus Growers’ cae gaa 4623 Narcissus ae Bernhardt, Dr. A., Brooklyn, N. Y., 1 root of Colocasia and 2 germinating uits Sechatm edule and 1 . repens. Betscher, Mr. C., Dover, Ohio, 36 plants of Hemerocallis species. Birdsall, Miss eer A., Brooklyn, N. Y., 3 species, 4 plants. Bobbink & Atkins, Rateriore N. J., 469 rose plants in 87 varietie 3onney, Mrs. Nelson P., Norwich, N. Y., 10 cuttings of Cornus alba argen- teo-marginata. 3ullard, Mr. Howard O., Hackensack, N. J., 64 plants of cacti and succu- lents. LiL Conard Pyle Co., West Grove, Pa., 100 Rosa multiflora japonica. Se ave ‘m. N., Waymouth, vee 4 Anemone vernalis I AG Sree Pa., 214 roses in two varieties. Sia ae Roewell Gre Nee L. L, 65 begonia plants in 37 species. Fitzhugh, Mr. Edward J., ae NY, 1 Alpios tuberosa from Maine. Force, Mr s. John W., Rochester, UN. Ve : plants of Pelargonium. Grafing, Mr. H., Brooklyn, N. Y., 1 Prunus persica atropurpurea. Gregory, Miss i C., Brooklyn, N. Y., 1 Eriobotrya japonica Harper, Dr. R. A., idee ood, N. J., ‘i clump of lola sororia. Hay, Mr. Ginrcnce L., New York, N. Y., 1 Mimulus primuloides Hayw ao Mr. Womdhare ae Gardens, Winter Park, Fla., 51 bulbs Zephyranthes, VW “atsonia, Nerine. Hecht, “Mise Sadie, New York, N. Y., 1 Jlex crenata var. convexa. licks’ Nurseries, Westbury, in lie 32 plants, being 6 species of woody plants. Hires, Miss Clara S., Millburn, N. J. 1 Polypodium aureum growing with- out soil in etled glass container. Husson, Miss J., Cragsmoor, N. Y., 215 bulbs Narcissus poeticus plenus. Thrig, Mr. Paul, 3rooklyn, N. Y., 210 plants, comprising 8 species or vari- eties of paconies. _ = = Lewis, Mr. Gee Sterlington, N. Y., 6 bulbs Narcissus viridiflor Loines, Miss Hilda, Brooklyn, N. Y., 100 scions of sugar maple ah ee Longobardi, Miss Theresa, cookie. Nis, X,, Opuntia monacantha. Manda, Mr. Walter, South Orange, N. J., 28 plants in New York State Bederaced Cxiden Clubs (Mrs. Wm. C. Meese: 5 spe- cies of Sedum v York Plone Park, New York, N. Y., 2 Carica Papaya. ane Miss E. V., Brooklyn, N. Y., 3 mocdiings Pinus radiata. Peters, Mrs. W. Sterling, East H ee L. L, 3 species of Hosta. Prince, Mrs. J., New Rochelle, N. Peiyhaan calycmum. Rittersberger, Mr. Henry, ae N. Y., 1 Oxalis ies Rixford, Dr. Emmet, Los Altos, Cal., 4 canieuee of Ros Romanoffsky, Mr. & Mrs., New York, N. Y., a eee macrophylla. Rosenfelt, Mrs. Henry H., Cedarhurst, L. I., 42 plants culinary herbs Scheepers, John, Inc., 522 Fifth Ave., New Worle N. Y¥., 300 Tulip fe in 2 varicties. Smith, Miss Marjorie, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1 Epigaca repens Taylor, Miss Venetia, Valley Stream, L. I., 1 Gentiana Sanonan id. Traendley, Mr. Charles A. and Mr. John H., New York, N. Y., 150 plants of Rosa “ Mrs. F. D. Roosevelt.” Tricker, Wm., ae Saddle River, N. J. 45 varieties of water lilies. Williams, Mr. H. S., New York, N. Y., 2 plants. Seed Packets Berry, Rev. Arthur D. (2) English, Mr. Carl S., Jr. (123) Biles, Mrs. Luther (1) Garden Club of America (4) 3rown, Mrs. G. Stewart (1) Hayward, Mr. Wyndham (2) De Navarro, Mr. J. M. (3) Heron, Mr. James H. (1) 4 Phanerogamic Herbarium Beals, Mr. A. T., Elmhurst, L. I., 3 Calamagrostis epigeios from a juniper swamp on Long Island. Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, 11 specimens of Eleocharis from the Uinta Basin Chisholm, ies: Maude L., Proctor, Vermont, 1 Camptosorus rhisophyllus r. Boyeei and ae Rina eae of ferns in habitat. Correll, “Mr. Donovan S., e University, Durham, N. C., 17 specimens of Orchidaceae from a Carolina. Dickinson, Miss Louise, North Amherst, Mass., 83 specimens from Colorado, Idaho and Uta Drushel, Dr. J. A,, New York University, 103 ating collected by Dr. ushel in tlie eastern and southern United States. Hanmer, Mr. C. C., East Hartford, Conn., 200 specimens collected by M ae inmer on Fisher’s Island. Hinton, Mr. George B., Mexico City, three sample sheets of Rubiaceae col- lected by Mr. Hinton in vee Jannson, Mr. Kk. Groton, Conn., 10 type collections of Aeubus Jones, Mrs. Wallace T., Brooklyn, N. Y., 5 fruits of Aim oactaen: Nutmeg and Mace. Palmborg, Miss E. V., New York, N. Y., 3 specimens of Pinus radiata, ‘tersen, Miss Grace A., W eodaae i. L. L, 1 Cryptogramma Stelle) cully, Dr. Francis J., nee Springs, Ark., 26 ferns and lycopods. W Biteticad. Mr. J., University of Wichiean: Ann Arbor, 24 ferns. > For the Department of Elementary Instruction Blatt, Miss Natalie, $2.00 for the children’s clubroom libra Boys and Girls Club, $25.00 for the Endowment Fund for Children’ s Work. Butler, Mrs. Glentworth R., One subscription to the Nature Magazine for the children’s clubroom library. One prize cup competed for by the girls in the outdoor garden. Gager, Dr. C. Stuart, One book for the children’s clubroom library Garden Center Institute of Buffalo (through Mrs. Edward B. Holmes) 25.00 for the children’s ane Garden Teachers’ Association, One prize cup competed for by the boys of the outdoor garden. Goodman, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph, One cup competed for by the boys in the outdoor garden. Three dozen calendars for use in children’s class- — vork. Haggerty, Miss Isabel, Ae pamphlet for the children’s clubroom lbrary. sa als Miss Elsie, Twenty-one hand-colored photographs of wild flow- s for ies ork. Kar a Miss "Gloria a aire Donald, One book om library. pene “Miss Roberta and Master Martin, $2.00 for the children’s clubroom ibrary = = for the children’s club- i113 Loines, Miss Hilda, $25.00 for the children’s work, Specimens of fruits and eaves for use in classwork Longmans, Green, Publishers, One book for the children’s garden pues Miner, Miss Frances M., One book for the children’s garden libra New York University Gin: (The Teaching of Elementary Sy Two books for the children’s see library Oakes, Miss Fannie, seeds of Mariposa lilies Perkins, Mrs. Charles E., $25.00 honorarium for children’s garden work. Pratt, Mr. Robertson, $25.00 for the children’ Prospect Nature Club of Maplewood (N. J.), eae plants and seed for the children’s garden. Public School 117, Queens, Parent-Teachers Association, $10.00 for the children’s clubroom librar Rabinowitz, Mrs. Louis, Twenty-five calendars for use in children’s class- jar work. Raymond, Mrs. Ralph, Six plants in three varieties for the children’s work. anders, Miss Claire, One book for the children’s clubroom library. Shanahan, Mrs. Thomas E. J., One ee for the children’s garden library. Shaw, Miss Ellen Eddy, Three gold honor pins for service in the outdoor garden. Sherman, Master Julius, $1.00 for the children’s clubroom library. Smalley, Master Melvin, $5.00 for the children’s clubroom library Star, Mr. C., Twenty-seven uncolored slides for use in children’s classwork. Miscellaneous Mr. Henri Bernhey, Brooklyn, 16 photographs taken in Brooklyn Botanic arden. British Museum, London, England, 1 a of Helonias lacta Ait. Mr. A. M. Elmer, Brooklyn, 11 angle iron Mr. Jack Flodin, Brooklyn, 2 photographs on in Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Mrs. Walter P. Long, Brooklyn, 62 paintings of fleshy fungi Park Sea Brooklyn, 100 loads of leaves. Mrs. Belle Storrs, Brooklyn, 1 cape made of dried flowers of Eriophorum. Miss Grace eee Brooklyn, 2 sets of “ Herb Garden” postcards. Woman's Trites Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1 gross glass punch cups, 1 warming oven, 275 blue cups and saucers. APPENDIX 2 PUBLICATIONS BY THE BOTANIC GARDEN PERSONNEL DURING 1936 Averill, Mary Flower Arranging. Garden Dictionary. Pp. 261-264. March. Japanese Gardens. Garden Dictionary. Pp. 402-404. March. 114 Benedict, Ralph C. Report of the editors for 1935. Amer. Fern Jour, 26: 35. January—March. Hunting Fern Hybrids near Newton. Aimer. Pern Jour, 26: 36. January—March. Review of American Genetics Texts. The Teaching Biologist 5: 92-94. February. Report of the Resident Investigator (Ferns) for 1935. Brook- Iyn Bot. Gard. Record 25: 130-133. April. Catalogue of Hardy Ferns. Amer. Fern Jour. 26: 74. April- June. Well-Curbs as Fern Gardens. mer. Fern Jour. 26: 4. Oc- tober—December. A Field Trip to the New York Zoological Park. The Teaching Biologist 6: 42. December. Caparn, Harold A. Flower Garden. Garden Dictionary. Pp. 264-265. March. The following articles have appeared in Arts and Decoration: Study this chart if you are planning a perennial border. D. 29, April. Making your own rock garden. P. 35. April. Through one summer. The Annual Garden. P. 38. May. The essential shrubbery border. P. 39. May. A foundation for a water garden. P. 32. June. Hlot weather gardens. P. 33. August. The passing and grouping of evergreens. 2. 36. September. Planting bulbs for next spring’s gardens. P. 40. October. Cheney, R. H. Reaction time behavior after caffeine and coffee consumption. Journal Exper. Psychol. XIX*: 357-369. June. Conklin, Marie E. Studies of the root nodule organisms of certain wild legumes. Soil Science 41: 167-185. March. Doney, Charles F. Descriptions of many species and varieties of wood plants. Te Garden Dictionary. Seriatim, March. 1S Free, Montague The Brooklyn Botanic Garden exhibit of rock garden plants at the Twenty-third International Flower Show, March 16- 21. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Leaflets XIV*. March 14. Plant propagation. Catalog of The Twenty-third International Flower Show. Pp. 136-137. Michaelmas Daisy. Garden Dictionary. P. 495. March. Rock Garden. Garden Dictionary. Pp. 679-688. March. Report of the Horticulturist and Head Gardener for 1935. Brooklyn Botanic Garden Record 25: 115-123. April. Brooklyn Botanic Garden's exhibit of rock garden plants. Gardeners Chronicle of America 40: 157-158. May. Making the water garden. The Sun (New York). Septem- ber 12 Summer pruning. Gardeners Chronicle of America 40: 290. July. You must have peonies. The Sun (New York). September Plant jewelled shrubs. Better Homes & Gardens. P. 44. Oc- LODEL. Planting trees and shrubs. The Sun (New York). October 10 Gager, C. Stuart The economic and cultural value of botanical research. ( Ab- stract of address given at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Insti- tute Assembly, Dec. 4, 1935.) Poly. Men, 12: 3. 1935: Twenty-fifth annual report of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1935: Report of the Director. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Rec- ord 25: 11-45. April. The effects of radium rays on plants; a brief résumé of the more important papers from 1901 to 1932. Biological effects of radiation. B. M. Duggar, Editor 2: (Chap. XXX), 987-1013. Reprinted as Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Contributions, No. 74. Gardens within a garden, Discovery 17: 84-86. March. 116 Medicinal plant garden of the Brooklyn, N. Y. Botanic Garden. American Interne 1: 14. January. The School of horticulture in perspective. (Address delivered at the twenty-fifth anniversary exercises of the School of Horticulture for Women, Ambler, Pa., May 20, 1936.) Science 84: 357-365. Oct. 23 Graves, Arthur Harmount Sotany. Revision service (for 1935). Collier's National En- cyclopedia, pp. 17-18. April. Forest Pathology. Chestnut breeding work in 1935. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Record 25: 62-75. April. Report of the Curator of Public Instruction for 1935, Brook- lyn Bot. Gard. Record 25: 78-91. April. 40 newspaper articles relating to the Brooklyn Botanic Gar den. Breeding disease-resistant chestnut trees. lbstracts of papers presented at the meeting of the American Phytopathoiogi- cal Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, December 28-31, (9560. -ForD. 10. December. Gundersen, Alfred Report of the Curator of Plants for 1935. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Record 25: 99-104. April. Miner, Frances M. The following 16 articles appeared in The Herald Tribune (New York) on the dates indicated : Vegetables—Our heritage. March 29. Early summer vegetables. April 5. Early spring weeds. April 12. Seeds. April 19. A yellow flower garden for summer. April 26. Preparing the ground for a garden. May 10. Transplanting seedlings. May 17. Thinning seedlings and cultivating the garden. June 7. Garden insects. June Green leaves. June 21 Plans for fall vegetables. June 28. Collecting vegetable seeds. July 5. Perennials. July 12. Ls Flower forms and floral parts. July 19. Bulbs for winter bloom. November 8. Nuts and nut-bearing trees. December 6. Reed, George M. Notes on rust diseases of Sempervivum and other ornamentals in the New York area. Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 37: 54-59. March. (Authors B. O. Dodge and G. M. Reed.) Plant Pathology. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Record 25: 45-59. April. The Iris. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Record 25: 59-62. April. Report on the influence of the growth of the host on smut de- velopment. Miscellanea (Amer. Philosophical Soc.) 1: 43-46, Hybrids of Iris laevigata with I. veriscolor and I. virginica. Amer. Iris Soc. Bull. 62: 10-17. June. Kotaka-yen, Horikiri, Japan, preserved as a famous. scene. Amer. Iris Soc. Bull. 62: 37-39. June. The Japanese Iris and its classification. Flower Grower 23: 359, July. Three articles appeared in The Sun (New York) on Iris and Crabapple. Reed, George M., and T. R. Stanton Xeaction of oat varieties to physiologic races of loose and covered smuts of red oats. Jour. Agr. Res. 52: 1-15. January. Shaw, Ellen Eddy Report of the Curator of Elementary Instruction. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Record 25: 91-99, April. The city backyard. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 3. The following 39 articles appeared in The Sun (New York) on the dates indicated: Novelties among the seeds. February 8. Complete the seed order. February 15. Gardens for boys and girls. February 22. Annuals of easy culture. February 29. Choosing seed for fall bloom. March 7. Vines for garden background. March 14. 118 Choosing good roses for the garden. March 21. Rose culture. March 28. a Strawberries. April 11. Iragrance in the garden. April 18. Vhe herb garden for beginners. April 25. Dahlias and gladiolus. May 2. Garden pests. May 9. 1e garden. May 16. 1e garden’s green carpet. April 4. — — Gourds. Care of t Still time to make a garden. May 23. Your lawn needs looking after. May 29. Garden fun for boys and girls. June 10. Tuberous begonias for the shade. June 13. Mid-June care of the garden. June 20. Sowing seed for next year’s bloom. June 27. Red flowers for the garden. July 4. Garden troubles. July 11. Garden shrubs: their care. July 18. Evergreens for foundation planting. July 25. Midsummer in the vegetable garden. August 1. Midsummer in the flower garden. August 8. Weeds and their control. August 15. Make out the bulb order. August 22. Garden color schemes for next year. August Fall care of the lawn. September 5. What to plant in the fall. September 12. Small trees for ornamental effects: what to order. September ASH How to prepare and plant the bulb bed. September 26. ~) Vo WY ‘aking up the house plants. October 3. Lilies for the summer garden. October 10. What to cut in the garden for winter bouquets. October 21. Fall planting of roses. October 24. What plants should be protected for the winter? October 31. Svenson, Henry K. Report of the Curator of the Terbarium for 1935. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Record 25: 105-113. April. ke) The Early Vegetation of Long Island (A Long Island Tercen- tenary publication). Brooklyn Bot. Gard. Record 25: 207— Zoe aly. Svenson, Henry K., and H. Uittien Sedges of the pa Islands. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bull, 141: 15-16. 1936 APPENDIX 3 TALKS, LECTURES, ADDRESSES, AND PAPERS GIVEN BY THE BOTANIC GARDEN PERSONNEL DURING 1936 By the Director: January 20. Brooklyn Botanic Garden and the public. Brook- lyn Midday Club. Bedford Y. M. C. A. March 11. Science and religion: How to think about it. The University in the Church. First Presbyterian Church. Brooklyn. March 19. The commercial importance of botany. Rotary Club. Hotel Bossert, Brooklyn. March 24. Brooklyn Botanic Garden and horticulture. Penn- sylvania Horticultural Society. Penn. Athletic Club. Philadelphia. April 1. Brooklyn Botanic Garden and the Long Island Ter- centenary. L. I. Tercentenary Comm. Borough Hall, srooklyn. May 20. The School of Horticulture in perspective. Twenty- fifth Anniversary Address. School of Horticulture for Women. Ambler, Pa, October 31. Botanic Gardens in science and education. Found- ers’ Day Address. Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. December 9. Greetings to Long Island Univer sity from Brook- lyn Botanic Garden. L. I. University, Tenth Anniversay Exercises. Brooklyn. By the Curator of Public Instruction: February 28. Plant propagation. Classes from Girls’ Com- mercial High School. 3 talks. At the Garden. 120 March 4. Breeding the American chestnut. Brooklyn Institute, Dept. of Education, Dept. of Botany. At the Garden. March 5. Variation. Biology Club of Alexander Hamilton H. S. At the Garden. April 28. Opportunities in the profession of forestry. Breed- ing the chestnut tree. Biology Club, Boys’ High School. April 30. Introductory remarks. Lecture by Dr. R. P. Wode- house on pollen grains. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of I¢ducation. May 2. Arbor Day and forestry. 2 talks. Alexander Hamil- ton H. S July 7. Our native trees. Asharoken Garden Club. North- port, L, J. September 13. Remarks at the dedication of a white fir (Abies concolor) to the late Everett Philo Martin. Iissena Park, Flushing. October 22. Breeding the chestnut. “ Natura” Club of Fras- mus Hall H. S. At the Garden. November 12. Grafting. Class from Alexander Hamilton H. S. At the Garden. December 1. Breeding new chestnut trees. Torrey Botanical Club. At American Museum of Natural History. December 5. Chestnut breeding. Boys and Girls Club of B. B. G. At the Garden. Forestry and conservation, Julia Richman H. 5 ve December ¢ Annex. December 29. Breeding disease-resistant chestnut trees. An- nual meeting of American Phytopathological Society. At- lantic City, N. J. By the Curator of Elementary Instruction: January 13. Nature study for the first, second, and third grades. Board of Education, East Orange, N. . January 16. lWVork for boys and girls at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. The Brooklyn Committee on Youth Week. At the Garden. January 27. Graduation address. P.S. 197. January 29. Graduation address. Poo 242. January 29, Graduation address. Girls’ High School. A February 1. Testimonial to Miss Elsie R. Kane, Principal of P. S, 241, Testimonial Luncheon to Miss Kane at the Waldorf-Astoria. February 5. The work of the Department of Elementary In- struction. \Woman’s Auxiliary of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. At the Garden. February 10. Nature study for the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades. Board of Education, East Orange, N. February 13. Nature activities at the Brooklyn Beane Gar- den. New York Chapter, American Nature Study Society. At the Garden. March 2. Nature study for the first, second, and third grades. 3oard of Education, East Orange, N. March 9. Gardening for children. Ousenshers Kindergarten Teachers Association, Jamaica, N. Y. March 27. Our spring wild flowers. Two assemblies, P. S. 56. April 1. Building through nature. Parent-Teacher Associa- tion, George Washington School, West Hempstead, L. I., Me April 13. Nature study for the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades. Board of Education, East Orange, N. J. April 27. Hobbies for boys and girls. Brooklyn Court of Honor, Boys’ and Girls’ Week, Brooklyn Children’s Mu- seum. April 29. What a botanic garden means to the community. Association for Childhood Education, Hotel Pennsylvania. April 30. Nature study for teachers. Third Annual Nature Curator Conference, American Museum of Natural His- ory. May 2. Nature study in cooperation with a botanic garden. New York School Principals’ Association, Waldorf-Astoria May 4. The work of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Mothers’ Club, P. S. 241. At the Garden. May 8. Gardens for boys and girls. P.S. 104, Bronx. May 11. Gardening for juniors. Junior Garden Club Council, The Herald Tribune, New York. 122 May 13. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Women’s League, Ocean Avenue Congregational Church. May 13. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn Assistant to Principals’ Association. At the Garden, May 13. Educational activitics of the Brooklyn Botanic Gar- den. Brooklyn Section, Public School Kindergarten As- sociation. At the Garden. May 14. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Boys’ FE Waverly Annex. May 20. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Garden Department, Woman's Club of Hollis Presbyterian Church. At the 4 igh School, Garden. June 2.) The Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Junior H. S. 151. June 3. Children’s exhibits. Long Island Ilower Show, Great Neck, LIL, N. Y. June 5. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden. P.S. 5. June 10. Children’s work at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Radio Garden Club Field Day. At the Garden. June 24. Graduation address. P. S. 77, Queens. June 25. Graduation address. P. S. 242. September 22. Plant propagation. Garden Club of Brewster, ae September 29. Children’s gardens. Brooklyn Home for Con- sumptives. October 7. Plant propagation. Community Garden Club of Marlborough, N. Y. October 10. Junior garden work. Rochester Garden Club, Rochester, N. \ October 13. Junior garden work. Buffalo, N. Y. October 14. Junior garden work. Skaneateles, N. Y. October 20. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden, a beauty spot. Julia Richman High School. October 21. Plants for classroom use. Class from American Museum of Natural History. At the Garden. October 29. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden. P.S. 145. November 4. Plant propagation. Garden Club of Greenwich, Conn. Garden Center Institute of Skaneateles Garden Club, — 123 November 5. House plants. Garden Club of Englewood, N. J. November 9. Wild flowers. P.S November 12. Round table on elementary nature study. New York Chapter, American Nature Study Society, American Museum of Natural History. November 19. Thanksgiving. Parent-Teacher Association, P. 5S. 155, Queens. November 19. Thanksgiving. P.S. 155, Queens. December 21. Christmas myths and legends. Two assemblies, OT tlens shoe December 22; «Christmas. PP. S. 4, By Instructors: Miss Hammond: January 28. eee and care of the small garden. WMothere@libe F.5.236 April 27. Spring in "0 Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Pilgrim League, Flatbush Congregational Church. April 30. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Mothers’ Club, P. S. 140. At the Garden. Miss Miner: February 13. Phe children’s garden at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. New York Chapter, American Nature Study So- ciety. At the Garden. April 3. Classroom gardening. New York Society for Ex- perimental Study of Education. April 6. Children’s gardening. Woodhull Day School, Hol- Lise lee NOs October 26, I a ee dee oye By the Curator of Plant Pathology february 6. The gardens of Japan. Annual Dinner, Reformed Dutch Church of Flatbush. Brooklyn. April 27. Iris. Woodmere Garden Club. -At the Garden. May 6. Plant Breeding. Class from Brothers College of Drew University. At the Garden. May 8. Japanese Gardens. Associate Alumnae of Adelphi Academy. At the Garden. 124 By the Curator of Plants: February 4. The Structure and Evolution of Flowers. With drawings by Maud Il. Purdy. Torrey Botanical Club, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. February 24. Saugerties Fossils. With drawings by Maud H. Purdy. Monday Club. Saugerties, N. Y. May 28. Plant-Animal Interdependence in Evolution. Brook- lyn Nature Club. At the Garden. December 31. Placentation and the classification of Dicotyle- dons. Botanical Society of America, Systematic Section. Atlantic City, N. J. By the Curator of the Herbarium: May 29. Plants of Long Island. Children’s Library, West- Dire. 1, August 18. Vegetation of Long Island. L. 1. Biological Lab- oratory. Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. November 17. The Galapagos Islands. Nature Clubs of Union County, N. J. Plainfield, N. J. December 30. Flora of Middle Tennessee. Botanical Society of America. Atlantic City, N. J. By the Horticulturist: January 3. Small Pools. Garden Department of Woman's Club of Greenwich, Connecticut. January 7. Question Box, Garden Club Federation of Massa- chusetts. Boston. January 7. Horticultural Projects for Garden Clubs. Garden Club Federation of Massachusetts. Boston. February 7. Rock Gardening. Missouri Horticultural Society. St Louis. May 1. Presidential Address. American Rock Garden So- ciety, Annual Meeting. Boston. June 9. Plant Propagation. — Philadelphia Garden Clubs, Strawberry Mansion, Fairmount Park. June 10.) The Rose Garden. Radio Garden Club Field Day. At the Garden. June 18. Plant Propagation. Vt. Orange Garden Club. Al- bany, New York. nt KH UZ June 24. Plant Propagation. Southampton (L. I.) Garden Tub. August 12. Plant Propagation. New Canaan (Con.) Garden Club. October 6. Some Thoughts on Rose Growing. Fall Rose Gar- den Day. At the Garden. October 26. Plants for House Culture. Rochester Garden Club. Rochester, New York. October 26. Plant Propagation. Joint meeting of the Garden Lovers Club, The Home Acres Club, and the Flower City Garden Club. Rochester. December 1. House Plants. Society of Lying-In-Hospital. New York City. December 16. Plants for Rock Gardens. Worticultural So- ciety of New York. By the Curatorial Assistant (Charles F. Doney) : Shrubs for Long Island Gardens. \Woodmere Garden Club. Woodmere, L. I. By the Resident Investigator (Ferns) : May 23. Fern Miscellany. Vvening lecture, during field trip, to American Fern Society, Torrey Botanical Club, and New York Association of Biology Teachers. By the Resident Investigator (Economic Plants) : October 30. Comparative Pharmacology of Caffeine and Cof- fee. Biology Seminar, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey. By the Custodian: October 7. Nature in the Autumn. \Woman’s Benevolent So- ciety, Marcy Avenue Baptist Church. October 22. Decorative Fruits of Autumn. Brooklyn Nature ub. By the Field Secretary: February 11. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden and its activities. Wellesley Club of Brooklyn. Visiting Nurses Association Auditorium. 126 February 13. Japanese Flower Arrangement. Queens Teach- ers Association. Jamaica. February 20. Table Arrangement. Maplewood Woman's Club. Maplewood, N. J. February 20. Dish Gardens, Vvening talk. Mothers’ Club. Central Congregational Church. February 24. Japanese Garden. Forum meeting. Officers of the 7th and Sth District Clubs of New Jersey. Newark, IN. J February 27. Use of color for flower arrangement, Queens Teachers Association. Jamaica. March 12. Period arrangements. Queens Teachers Associa- tion. Jamaica. March 20. Children’s Garden. Garden Department of Bay- side Woman’s Club. Bayside, L. I. March 25. Activities of Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Con- temporary Club. Newark, N. J. March 26. Table arrangements. Queens Teachers Associa- tion. Jamaica. April 2. Criticism of flower arrangements. Queens Teachers Association, Jamaica. April 15. Brooklyn Botanic Garden and its activities. Flat- bush School, Mothers’ Club. At the Garden. May 6. Brooklyn Botanic Garden and its activitics. Friendly Tourist Club. At the Garden. May 11. Flower Arrangement. Flatbush Y. M. Cc. A, Mothers’ Club. At the Flatbush Y. M. C. A. May 25. New Additions to the Botanic Garden. Monday Culture Charity Club. At the Garden. June 2. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Sussex Garden Club. At the Garden. June 5. Brooklyn Botame Garden. Garden Department of the Hollis Woman’s Club. Hollis, L. I. June 11. Judging. Woodmere Garden Club. Woodmere, file July 20. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. 3ay Ridge Garden Club. Bay Ridge. September 9. Judging flower arrangements. Federal Reserve Club. New York City. D277. November 10. Flower arrangement. Business Woman's Club. Central Congregational Church. APPENDIX 4 RADIO TALKS: BY THE BOTANIC GARDEN PERSONNEL DURING 1936 By the Curator of Public Instruction: From Station WNYC: January 30. What to see in the conservatories of the Brook- lyn Botanic Garden. March 12. The care of cut flowers. April 23. Spring flowers at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. June 4. What to see now at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. November 14. The spreading chestnut tree. Making a new chestnut tree. — November 19, December 31. Abroad at home. From Station WMCA: March 19. The exhibit of rock garden plants of the Brook- lyn Botanic Garden at the International Flower Show. By the Curator of Elementary Instruction: From Station WMCA: January 3. The work of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. from Station WNYC: January 2. The care of Christmas plants. February 13. Seeds to choose for 1936. March 26. What to plant in city backyards. June 25, Summer nature work for boys and girls, October 22. Bulbs for indoor bloom. December 3. Children’s nature work for Christmas. From Station WOR: Itebruary 25. New annuals for 1936. May 15. The training of junior gardeners. November 24. Winter gardens for young folks. By Instructor (Miss Miner): From Station WNYC: May 7. Starting the children’s garden. From Station WOR: June 23. Educational values in the children’s garden. By the Horticulturist: From Station WOR: January 14. House plants in water. March 10. Pruning your roses. March 16. The Brooklyn Botanic Garden exhibit at the In- ternational Flower Show, New York City. April 24. Puttering with perennials. July 17. A perennial garden from seeds. August 11. The story of the waterlily. October 23. Cuttings made at home. December 22. The holly and the ivy. rom Station WNYC: January 16. Fun with house plants. February 27. Garden fertilizers. April 9. The story of the tulip. May 21. Garden chores in May. December 17. The story of the Christmas plants. By Curatorial Assistant (Charles If. Doney): From Station WNYC: November 5.) Shrubs for autumn gardens, From Station WOR: September 18. Shrubs beautiful in the fall. December 8. Let your Christmas tree live! By the Honorary Curator, Japanese Gardening (Mary Av- erill) From Station WOR: November 10. Landscape miniatures. 129 APPENDIX 5 PIPED TRIPS CONDUCTED: 1936 By the Curator of Public Instruction: March 28. Torrey Botanical Club. Fort Tryon Park, Man- hattan. September 13. Torrey Botanical Club. — Anthony’s Nose, N. Y. By the Curator of Plants: May 15. New York Vegetarian Society, Palisades, N. le July 3-6. Torrey Botanical Club to Overlook and High in the Catskill Mountains. Maplecrest, N. Y. — Peak By the Curator of the Herbarium: May 16. New York Assoc. Biology Teachers. Jones Beach, Beall: May 22-24. Joint meeting of the Torrey Botanical Club, the American Fern Society and the New York Spe Biolony Teachers. Branchville, N. J. (With Dr. R. C. Benedict aiiGe Witte Gree ale estes) September 27, American Fern Society. Springdale, N. ie (With Dr. R. C. Benedict.) By the Resident Investigator (Ferns) : May 22-24. American Fern Society, Torrey Botanical Club, and New York Association of Biology Teachers. Branch- ville, N. J. September 27. American Fern Society, Torrey Botanical Club. Springdale, N.-J. By Instructor (Hester M. Rusk) : April 25. Torrey Botanical Club. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. June 20. Torrey Botanical Club. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. By Curatorial Assistant (Hilda Vilkomerson) : May 3. Torrey Botanical Club. Inwood Park, Manhattan. 130 APPENDIX 6 ORGANIZATION MEETINGS AT THE GARDEN, 1936 January 16. Committee on Youth. February 13. New York Chapter, Nature Study Society. March 4. Department of Botany, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. March 17. Conference on Junior Garden Work. April 1. Department of Botany, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and jad Sciences. April 15. Flatbush School Parent Association, April 16. Orange (New Jersey) Woman's Club. April 17. Woman's Auxiliary, Brooklyn Botanic Garden. April 23. Contemporary Club. April 27. Woodmere Garden Club. 1. Vorrey Botanical Club. May 2. Reconciliation Tours. May 4. Mothers’ Club, P. S. 241. May 6. Drew Theological Seminary. May 6. Women of ’76 Chapter D. A. R. May 6. Friendly Tourist Club. May 7. Marine Park Garden Club. May 7. Montclair group. May 8. Flatbush Y. M. C. A. Mothers’ Club. May 8. Associate Alumnae of Adelphi Academy, May 13. Brooklyn Section New York Kindergarten Association. May 13. Assistant Principals’ Association of Brooklyn. May 14.) Far Rockaway Women's Club. May 14.) Rembrandt Club. May 20. Hollis Garden Club. American Nature Study Society, New York Chapter. Bird Lover’s Club of Brooklyn. Monday Culture Charity Club. Froebel League Society. May 28. Brooklyn Nature Club. Brookside, Church and Nearpass P. S., Sussex County, tA pa) : 5 ee e DO BD BD BD BO in tn Ww bo ee S a bo ~ O New Jersey. June 2. Sussex (New Jersey) Garden Club. 131 June 5. Hollis Woman's Club, Garden Department. June 10. Radio Garden Club Field Day. October 13. Department of Botany, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 Number of organizations ... 59 49 48 il Si) Total attendance ./....2... ZIAL S357 A906 839 1,289 APPENDIX 7 REPORT ON PHOTOGRAPHIC WORK Negatives on file December 31, 1935 1.00.00... occ e ccc ecccccceccee.. 8,894 Wigs ativiesuaccessionecsdurinol 9604 4) oo c/a 1. ek eter eae eee ae: 412 tal negatives on file December 31, 1936 .................. 9,306 Lantern a OngitlesWecemplen ote) 1995... curren eee ee 6,248 Lantern slides accessioned during 1936 .........0. 0c cecceccccecccce. 263 Total lantern ee on ee December 3.1936"). eee eee 6,511 Gites One u lem cccmper a lq lOG5: 3-6. 7 x25: a%< 01 oy ne ee ae ee 6,270 Pe Giisminadem CUP lOQG pane: ot fb to! 8 lars Rae ile tes 1,961 \OiGretal Zoi .fcbisjnes| bb hte\al 5, oh rn arr A Sl 1,249 legetahest salbecel, (ceva tay -c1| (O(c tes nk rns ee 712 Lotalmpuintsson miles Wecempenr’ 31, 1036 home. aa eo ee 6,982 Eon abe einen ismeitia lemme eee ihh 251 ct. She ae er 52 Respectfully submitted, FRANK STOLL, Registrar and Custodian APPENDIX 8 RE PORUCON BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN PUBLICATIONS, 1936 — L:cology Official Organ of the Ecological Society of America Quarterly. Volume NVIT comprised 45 papers (besides re- views, proceedings, and miscellaneous matter), 714 pages and 185 text figures (as against 51 papers, 680 pages and 175 text figures in 1935). The circulation at the close of the fiscal year (Novem- ber 30, 1936) was 1,086 as against 1,009 one year ago. 12 The annual budget was $5,773.81, the credit balance $448.49, and assets over liabilities $601.34 (as against $6,364.34, $1,229.22, and $1,368.21 assets over liabilities in 1935), plus the value of back sets and volumes on hand. Dr. Henry K. Svenson continued on the editorial board as the Brooklyn Botanic Garden representative. Prof. Alfred E. Emerson and Prof. George D. Fuller, both of the University of Chicago, continued as Editors. Genetics In Co-operation with the Editorial Board of Genetics Bimonthly. Volume XXI comprised 44 papers, 855 pages, 5 plates, and 152 text figures (as against 39 papers, 604 pages, 4 plates, and 215 text figures in 1935). At the close of the fiscal year (November 30, 1936) the circulation was 726, the annual budget $10,586.16, and the credit balance $3,647.13 (as against 701, $9,022.84, and $3,707.08 in 1935), plus the value of hack sets and volumes on hand. Dr. L. C. Dunn, of Columbia University, continued as Managing Editor. Brooklyn Botanic Garden Record Quarterly. Volume XXV_ comprised 263 pages. The April number comprised the Annual Report. The circulation of the Record at the close of the year was 1,553. Leaflets Three single numbers and one triple number were issued. The circulation at the close of the year was 1,696. Contributions and Afemoirs Numbers 72, 73, and 74 of the Contributions were published. Memoirs, Volume IV (Pp. xiii -+ 133, 2 Plates), was published. f the 25th anni- versary of the Garden, including 15 papers on twenty-five years This comprises the commemoration program ¢ ~ of progress in botany and horticulture, 1910-1935. 133 OPERICERS Obes BOARD (OF TRUSTEES PRESIDENT EDWARD C. BLUM First Vice-PRESIDENT SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT WALTER H. CRITTENDEN ADRIAN VAN SINDEREN THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT SUMNER FORD CREASURER SECRETARY EDW IN P. MAYNARD JOHN H. DENBIGH BOTANIC GARDEN GOVERNING COMMITTEE MISS HILDA LOINES, Cuatrman PHILIP A. BENSON MRS. LEWIS W. FRANCIS EDWARD C. BLUM, Ex officio WILLIAM T. HUNTER MRS. WILLIAM H. CAR DAVID H. LANMAN WALTER H. CRITTENDEN EDWIN P. MAYNARD 1GATES D. FAHNESTOCK ALFRED: EeMUDGE EX OFFICIO MEMBERS OF THE BOARD THE FoLLowinc OFFICIALS oF THE City or New York THE MAYOR THE COMPTROLLER THE COMMISSIONER OF PARKS MEMBERS OF THE BOARD (Trustees are Elected Mee the Life Membership of the Brooklyn Institute Arts and Sciences) Bayes, Hon. William R. Denbigh, Dr. John H. Beers, E. LeGrand raper, i Mary Childs Benson, Philip A. *Fahnestock, Gates D. Blum, Edward C. Farrell, Teac m Blum, Robert E. Ford, Sumner *Cadman, Rev. S. Parkes, D.D. Forward, DeWitt A. Cary, Mrs. William H. Francis, Mrs. Lewis W. Crittenden, Walter H. Frazier, Kenneth Curtin, John J. Good, Mrs. William H. 1 Deceased, November 5, 1936, * Deceased. 134 Mudge, Alfred E. Healy, Mrs. A. Augustus Murray, Thomas E., Jr. Hunter, William T. Osborne, Mrs. Bean C. Ingraham, Henry A. Parker, John C. Jonas, Ralph Lanman, David H. Lewisohn, San Hammitt, Walter 1A, Pratt, Mrs. Frederic B. Lockwood, tee Vincent Shaw, Robert Alfred Loines, Miss Hilda Underwood, John T. vse: Edwin P. Van Sinderen, Adrian Maynard, Dr. Edwin P., Jr. Warner, Dr. Edwin G. McLaughlin, Hon. George V. WOMAN’S AUXILIARY MRS. GLENTWORTH R. BUTLER, Honorary CHaiRMAN MRS IRVING L. CABOT, CHairmMan Mrs. Charles E. Potts, Vice-Chairman Mrs. George I. Brower, Secretary Miss Jessie H. Righter, Treasurer Mrs. Henry J. Davenport, Chairman, Members Mrs. Edwin H. Thatcher, Chairman, Social Committee Davenport, Mrs. Henry J. Delafield, Mrs. John R. Diller, Mrs. Frank J. W. Draper, Mrs. Mary Childs Mrs. H. Edward sabbott, Mrs. Frank L. Benson, Mrs. Philip A. Betts, Miss Dorothy | Blum, Mrs. Edward Charles Soardman, Mrs. George M. Dreier, Braman, Miss Emily L. Braman, Miss Irene M. Brewster, Mrs. Walter Shaw 3rinsmade, Miss Alice 3rower, veo George E. 3rown, Mrs. G. Stewart Brown, Mrs. Samuel A. Gager, Mrs. C. Stuart 3utler, Mrs. Glentworth R. Garvin, Mrs. Edwin L. Butterick, Miss Mary FE. Goetze, Mrs. Otto Cabot, Mrs. Irving L. Good, Mrs. William H. Carroll, Mrs. Otis Swat Greenman, Carter, Mrs. Oliver Geidemith Hammitt, Mrs. Walter Cary, Mrs. William H. ford, Mrs. Sumner Francis, Mrs. Lewis W. Frank, Mrs. George S. Childs, Mrs. William H. Healy, Mrs. A. Augustus Coutts, Miss Frances H. Hill, Mrs. Robert C. i, Hills, Mrs. James M. Crantord, Mrs. Frederick Crantord, Mrs. Walter V Cruikshank, Mrs. Russell V. Hume, Mrs. Russell S. York, Rt. Rev. Mgr. John C. hip Committee Earle, Mrs. William P., Jr. Eidlitz, Mrs. Ernest Frederick * Te eaihaal vam, Mrs. Theodore Mrs. William B. Harrisson, Mrs. Stephen M. LL. Hyde, Mrs. Clarence R. Ingersoll, Mrs. Raymond V. Tera Mrs. Henry A. James, Mrs. Darwin R., Jr. Jameson, Mrs. P. erie Jameson, Miss Jeanetta C. peepee fund, and the employment of a “ Botany Director.” INDIANAPOLIS (2) BoTANICAL GARDEN OF BUTLER UNIVERSITY Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana Established: 1928. Area: 15 acres. Director: Willard N. Clute (1928- » Serves as a public park. Open free every day, all day. Source of income: Funds appropriated by the University. Library: About 3000 volumes available at the University Library. Herbarium: 35,000 specimens. There is an Arboretum and a Fruticetum. Plantations: Largely systematic. There is a Herbaceous garden, Sand garden, Native Wildflower garden, Rock garden, and Water garden. Special lectures are given to school children at the garden, also to clubs, garden societies, and general public. Study material is supplied to local schools on application. ary peek MUNCIE BoTANIC GARDEN oF BALL STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE About 18 acres adjoining the college campus. Source of in- come: State appropriations. Iowa i GRINNELL BoTANic GARDEN OF GRINNELL COLLEGE Established: 1908. Area: 1% acres. Director: H. S. Conard (1908- ) Phe Garder. was established by subscription of funds, the sub- scriptions closing December 31, 1908, payable within three years. Phe sum now set aside as a special endowment for the garden is $1630.00. Some additional funds are supplied by the botany de- partment in return for materials used by the department. A con- siderable amount of work in the garden is done as class exercises by students of horticulture. The first plantings were in 1909, with 14 species. In 1910 about 100 more were added. At present there are in the garden about 200 herbaceous species and varieties and about 200 of trees and shrubs under cultivation. The trees SHS) will be removed to another place before they grow large. The garden is strictly for herbs and shrubs. The local flora is largely represented. The Garden is administered by the Professor of Botany of Grin- nell College. The College Laboratories contain herbaria of about 10,000 sheets. No seed list or other publications are issued, but seeds and plants are gladly supplied when possible. Kentucky LEXINGTON (1) KENTUCKY Botanic GARDEN Lexington Established: 1927. Area: About 7 acres. Directors: A joimt committee from the Lexington Garden Club and the University of Kentucky. Miss Mary L. Didlake Chairman. Serves as a public park. Open free daily. Source of income: Appropriations from University and donations from Kentucky Garden Clubs. Library: Those of the University and the Experi- ment Station. Herbarium: Those of the University and the Ex- periment Station. There is an arboretum, but no fruticetum. Plantations: Mainly under ecologic heads. Affiliation: The Gar- den is affiliated with the University of Kentucky and is under its management. LEXINGTON (2) Botanic GARDEN OF TRANSYLVANIA University (Abandoned) Louisiana NEW ORLEANS ARBORETUM In 1934 plans were initiated in New Orleans for the develop- ment of an Arboretum as a part of the City Park extension. Much preliminary work has been done on the site by W.P.A. (U. S. Works Progress Administration) labor. The New Orleans Acad- emy of Sciences and the New Orleans Garden Society have been interested in furthering the project by securing funds and other- wise. 320 Maine THOMASTON IKKNOX ARBORETUM dere cited Bea Fey Established: 1908. Area: 100 acres. Director; Norman Wallace Lermond (also Curator & Librarian) (1908- Serves as a public park. Open free, daily. Source of income: Public contributions ibrary: volumes; 700 pamphlets. This is the Knox Academy Library. Herbarium: Approximately 800 aerate Plantations: Systematic. Publications: Lists ot fie and shrubs, two having been issued by the Garden to date 934). ae Under construction (1934). Affiliation: oe by the Knox Academy of Arts and Sciences, Thomaston. Maryland BALTIMORE Botanic GARDEN OF THE JoHNS HopkINsS UNIVERSITY Established: 1909. Area: 2 acres. Director: Duncan S. Johnson (1909-Feb. 18, 1937) Plantations: 1. Morphologic-ecologic ; 2. Structure and ecology of reproductive organs; 3. Systematic; 4. Useful and ornamental shrubs. Massachusetts CAMBRIDGE BoTANIC GARDEN OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY Botanic Garden, Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts Established: 1807 (1805?). Area: 7 acres. Directors (or Chief Administrative Officers) : . William Dandridge Peck (1807-1822) (Vacant 1823-1824) Thomas Nuttall, Curator (1825-1834) Asa Gray (Professor in Charge) (1842-1873) Charles Sprague Sargent, first Director (1873-1879) George Lincoln Goodale, Director (1879-1909) — Mek eee Syl 6. Oakes Ames, Director (1909-1922) 7. Stephen F. Hamblin, Director (1923-1930) 8. Robert H. Woodworth, Curator (1930-1935) 9, Elmer D. Merrill, Supervisor (1935- Ras of income; A small endowment and gifts. Has received aid from Harvard College in compensation for illustrative sree supplied. Library: The Garden has on its premises, and of easy access, the Library of the Gray Herbarium amounting to about 39,000 volumes and pamphlets. Herbarium: The Gray Her- barium, of Harvard University (about 800,000 sheets). Planta- tions: Systematic. Arboretum and Fruticetum: (Harvard Uni- versity, of which the Botanic Garden is a small part, has all of these well developed at the Arnold Arboretum, g.v.). Jnstruc- tion: The Garden is constantly used by instructors connected with different parts of the University. Its function is to supply il- lustrative material, but classes from Harvard College are often brought, as are classes from neighboring schools to ane Garden. Affiliation: Formerly a separate Departm nent of Harvard Univer- sity. Since 1928 a part of the Department of Botany of the University. Announcement Concerning The Harvard Botanic Garden “The Harvard Botanic Garden, hitherto a separate department of the University, has been transferred to the Department of Bot- any. President Lowell has given out the following statement in connection with the change: ‘Some years ago a number of people interested in gardening asked the corporation to conduct the gar- den for horticultural objects, offering to pay the expenses involved, which the corporation was glad to do so long as the cost was thus defrayed. After a while the committee became weary of raising subscriptions, and last spring it was decided that in view of this fact, and of the comparatively small scientific value of horticulture to the University, the Garden had better be used for scientific pur- poses. The direction of the garden has, therefore, been trans- ferred to a member of the Department of Botany, who will use the small income of the endowment for the benefit of that Depart- ment.’ ’—Science 70: 605, December 20, 1929. Note: For Atkins Institution, Soledad, Cuba, see under Cuba, Soledad. ae JAMAICA PLAIN ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF Harvarp UNIVERSITY Established: 1872. The principal collections of trees and shrubs were not planted until 1886. Area: 260 acres. Director: Charles Sprague Sargent (1872-1927). Supervisors: Oakes Ames (1928-1935); Elmer D. Merrill (1936- ) Serves as a public park. Open free, daily, from sunrise to sun- set. Source of income: Interest from endowment, special contri- butions, municipal appropriations for construction and mainte- nance of carriage drives and walks. Library: About 4100 bound volumes; 10,000 pamphlets; 17,000 photographs. Herbarium: About 390,000 specimens, representing the woody plants (only) of the world; Carpological collection 8000; Wood collection 4000. ‘onservatories: As the arboretum includes only woody plants,. hardy in the climate of Jamaica Plain (near Boston), there are no plant houses except a small propagating house. Plantations: Sys- tematic. 1. Arboretum. Stated by the authorities (in 1934) to contain the largest number of species of woody plants assembled in any one place in America. (More than 6500 species and varieties of trees, shrubs, and vines representing about 339 genera. 2. Fruticetum. The Shrub Collection ‘is arranged in beds ten feet wide, with a total length of 7765 feet, and separated by grass covered paths five feet wide. In these beds the shrubs are planted in a single row and in botanical sequence, all the species of a genus being thus brought together. In this collection only those genera are included in which all the species are shrubs, while those genera which contain trees and shrubs, like Cornus, Syringa, Vi- burnum, Rhamnus, Rhus, Evonymus, Rhododendron, ete., are planted in other parts of the Arboretum and as near as possible to the other genera of their natural families. “ The object of this special Shrub Collection is to enable stu- dents, landscape-gardeners, and nurserymen_ to compare readily the different shrubs which are available for planting in the North- ern States; to make the collection as valuable as possible for this purpose only well-known hardy shrubs are included in it. Less hardy and all imperfectly known shrubs will be found in more sheltered and less conspicuous positions, where supplementary col- — 323 lections of most of the prominent genera of shrubs are maintained. “Three sides of the shrub ground are surrounded by a trellis on which the vines of the collection are trained, all the species of each genus being planted together.” 3. Hawthorn collection. “ About 1300 species, forms, and va- rieties of this genus are now represented in this collection. The plants were nearly all produced at the Arboretum, from seeds carefully gathered from the individual trees which served as the types from which the species were described. The plants are in square beds, and several individuals of each species are planted together ; then as these grow they are reduced to one or two plants of each variety. Diagrams of each bed are kept on cards, and the name, history, position, and final distribution of each indi- vidual are recorded.” 4. Pinetum, containing the pines and other Gymnosperms. Publications: Shaw, George Russel, The pines of Mexico, Boston, . Wilson, E. H., Vegetation of Central and Western China. (500 photographs), 1911. The Bradley Bibliography, a guide to the literature of woody plants published before the beginning of the twentieth century. Plantae Wilsonianae, an enumeration of the woody plants collected in western China, etc. A guide to the Arnold Arboretum (with map). Bulletin of Popular Information—issued during spring and autumn, about 12 numbers per year. $1.00 per year. Journal of the Arnold Arboretun—Quarterly. Contributions from the Arnold Arboretum—issued at irregular intervals. The Genus Pinus. Catalogue of the Library of the Arnold Arboretum. The Cher- ries of Japan. The Conifers and Taxads of Japan. The For- est Trees of New England. Note: See also Cuba: Soledad (Cuban branch of Arnold Ar- boretum ). LEXINGTON Tue Lexincton Boranic GARDEN 93 Hancock St. Established: 1930. Area: 10 acres. Director: Stephen F. Hamblin (1930— Ne 324 Admission free daily. Source of income: Memberships and gifts. Plantations: Wholly for herbaceous plants. Engler and Prantl system. Specializing on North American species and rock garden plants. Publications: Seed Exchange List; Bulletin; Lex- ington Leaflets. NORTHAMPTON Boranic GARDEN OF SmiITH COLLEGE Established: 1893. Area: About 4 acres for the Herbaceous Garden; the Arboretum and Fruticetum include the College Campus of 80 acres, and the woods adjoining. | Directors: William F, Ganong (1894-1932). Since 1932 there has been no official with the title of director, but the Garden has been under the management of the Botanical Department of the College, Miss Sara Bache-Wiig, Chairman (1936). Open free, daily, to the public. Library: That of the Depart- ment of Botany. Specially rich in books on the history of botany and botanical education. Herbarium: About 22,000 sheets. Plantations: Systematic. Hardy Herbaceous Plants, 1000. Ar- boretum: 250 species. Species under glass, 1200. Fruticetum: OO species. SOUTH HADLEY CLARA LEIGH Dwicut GARDEN Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass. Established: 1878. Area: 10 acres, garden and arboretum. Directors: 1. Lydia Shattuck (1878-1887) 2. Henrietta E. Hooker (1887-1900) 3. Asa 5. Kinney (1900-° '~ Open free, daily, except Sundays, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Source of income: Income from endowment and College. Herbarium: Over 8000 specimens, representing nearly 1600 genera. Plantations: Herbaceous garden, arboretum (about 150 species of trees an shrubs). Species under glass: 300. Herbaceous plants out-of- doors: 125 species. S25 WALTHAM Botanic GARDEN OF THE MIDDLESEX CoLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY An Associated Press dispatch of June 15, 1928, announced that this college was developing its then newly acquired campus at Waltham as a botanic garden. ‘“ More than an acre will be cul- tivated for botanical study’ from the medical point of view. No reply to our questionnaire. WELLESLEY ALEXANDRA BoTANIC GARDEN AND HUNNEWELL ARBORETUM OF WELLESLEY COLLEGE Established: 1923. Area: 24 acres. 20 additional acres for ge- netics, ecology, and horticulture. Directors: Margaret C. Ferguson (1923-1932) ; Helen I. Davis 1932- Ne 1 free, daily. Source of income: Endowment, $60,000. In addition Wellesley College maintains the large trees (pruning, spraying, etc.), walks, electric lights, a nd water » supply. Herbar- am; More than 85, 000 specimens. Arbor etum was formerly “The Horatio Hollis Hunnewell Arboretum.” Michigan ANN ARBOR (1) BoTANICAL GARDENS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Department of Botany, Ann Arbor Established: 1914. Area: 51 a Directors: Henry Allan Cleat False cbeuaty, 1919) Harley Harris Bartlett (1919- Source of income: Budget of the University of Michigan. Plantations The more notable features of the outdoor plantings an extensive wild rose Pe a large collection of species aa varieties of Prunus, and a great many of the varied introduc- neo: tions of the ce of Foreign Plant Introduction of the U Department of Agriculture. 320 The School of Forestry of the University maintains its nurs- eries at the Gardens. The greenhouse collections are (1937) chiefly remarkable for the large cactus collection. The facilities of the Garden provide for bringing into flower, for identification and study, many plants which are collected by various university expeditions. Affiliation: The Botanical Gardens constitute an ge nae department of the College of Literature, Science, and t Facilities for scientific investigation are offered to all Debate of the University, and have been utilized, not only by the Depart- ment of Botany, but also by the School of Forestry and Conserva- tion, the School of Pharmacy, and the Department of Zoology. Historical Notes: Dr. H. H. Bartlett, Professor of Botany, Uni- versity of Michigan, has kindly supplied the following historical information : The earliest intimation that there was to be a Botanical Garden dates from the reorganization of the University in Ann Arbor just a hundred years ago, when Asa Gray, the first professor to be appointed, made a plan for the development of the campus, which showed the eastern half of the original forty acres as “ The Botanical Garden.” Gray was sent to Europe to buy books, and because of his appointment at Harvard he never returned to Ann Arbor, and this plan remained unrealized. A Botanical Garden on the campus was ultimately established. The first notice of it in the University Calendar appears in the volume for 1901-1902. It was under the direction of Julius Otto Schlotterbeck, then Assistant Professor of Pharmacognosy and Botany in the School of Pharmacy, and occupied an area in front of and extending to the westward of the General Library. The only recognizable trace of it that now remains is a tree of Fraxinus Ornus near the northwest corner of the Library. The space on the campus for the Garden was too small. The City of Ann Arbor owned thirty acres of land along the Huron River which it was willing to use as the nucleus of a new Botanical Garden. Additions were made to it by gifts to the University from Dr. Walter H. Nichols and his wife and from Professor F.C. Newcombe of the Department of Botany. S27, The development of the Huron River site was begun in 1906, and in the Calendar for 1906-1907 Assistant Professor George Plummer Burns, of the Department of Botany, is listed as Di- rector of the Botanical Gardens. This position he held from 1907 to 1910, being succeeded by Charles H. Otis as “ Curator’ of the Botanic Garden and Arboretum” (1910-1912). The De- partment of Botany continued the administration until 1915. The land was hilly and although admirably suited for permanent dis- play plantings of woody species and for landscape effects, it of- fered no sufficient flat area for a large greenhouse plant and ex- perimental fields, in which the Department of Botany was espe- cially interested. The University therefore purchased, in 1914, the initial twenty acres of the present site to the west of Packard Road on the line between Ann Arbor and Pittsfield townships. The botanists trans- ferred to the Packared Road site in 1915, leaving the land along the river subsequently known as the “ Nichols Arboretum” to be administered by the Department of Landscape Design. This arrangement is still (December, 1936) in effect. Dr. Henry Al- lan Gleason was the first Director of the Botanical Gardens on the Packark Road site. ANN ARBOR (2) NicHots ARBORETUM Established: About 1907. Area: About 90 acres. Director: Aubrey Tealdi (1936). Plans are under way to in- crease the area to 160 acres. BAG ME a AGRE IC LEILA ARBORETUM City Hall, Battle Creek, Michigan Established :1922. Area: 255 acres. Director: City Commissioner of Public Buildings and Grounds. Open free from sunrise to eae te urce of mcome: re ap- propriations. Plantations: System Lectures are given to school children at the Garden. oan ieee are loaned to the schools. 328 EAST LANSING BraL Botanic GARDEN Michigan State College, East Lansing Established: 1877. Area: Slightly more than 3 acres. Directors: 1. W. J. Beal (1877-1910) 2. Ernst A. Bessey (1911-1914) 3. H. R. Darlington (1915-1930) 4. H. L. H. Chapman (Superintendent) (1931- ) Serves as a public park. Open free, daily. Source of income: Appropriations from ee State College. No separate ap- propriations. Library: The Library of the Botany Department. Herbarium: About 90,000 specimens, belonging to the Depart- ment of Botany. Plantations: Systematic, economic, local flora. Conservatories: A small range. Publications: Seed Exchange List (annually). Lectures are given to school children at the garden on request. Living material supplied for study to local schools occasionally. “Perhaps the greatest service that the Garden does is as an ac- climatization experiment station. Thanks to the fraternal rela- tions that exist between all Kew graduates, Superintendent Chap- man obtains each year from Kew men all over the world, hundreds of kinds of seeds of plants which he tests out here as to their adaptability and desirability under Michigan conditions. Of course, only a very few each year prove to be valuable. These are mostly plants which are not to be found in the general nursery trade. When a plant proves to be desirable a sufficient number are propagated so that these can be exchanged for other valuable plants with various growers in Michigan. In this way, the grow- ers have these new things available and at the same time several desirable plants are added to their collection. “The Garden is visited in the summer by thousands of people. Excursions are made by Garden Clubs from points as far as a hundred miles away. Several schools have the habit in May of bringing two or three truckloads of children to the Garden, some of them coming as far as ninety miles. On days like July 4, May 30 and Labor Day, sometimes from five to ten thousand people visit the Garden.” 2D) HILLSDALE BoTANIC GARDEN AND ARBORETUM OF HILLSDALE COLLEGE Vee SWeA Na SCIENCE GARDENS Michigan State Normal College Established: 1904. Area: One acre. Directors: W. H. Scherzer (1904-1919) ; J. M. Hover (1919-). Open free, daily. Source of income: State PU aaiees Herbarium: About 4000 specimens. Arboretum of native trees. Fruticetum of the more common ornamentals. BInneations are arranged systematically, and are intended primarily to serve as teaching collections for botany classes. Publication: Flora of Washtenaw County, by R. A. Walpole. Special lectures are given to school children, and study collections are loaned “to training schools only.” Affiliation: Niece State Normal College. Minnesota LAKE CITY UNDERWOOD ARBORETUM AND STATE GAME REFUGE Established: January 1, 1931. A memorial to J. M. Underwood. Area: 500 acres. Director: R. D, Underwood. Open free, daily. MINNEAPOLIS (1) THe Mepicinat PLANT GARDEN OF THE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, UNIvERSITY OF MINNESOTA Established: 1892-93 by Dean Frederick J. Wulling. Area: 3 cres, Director: Frederick J. Wulling (1892- Ne Open free to public inspection. High school classes, women’s clubs, and other organizations are fre equent visitors. Source Oj imcome: Garden produces no monetary income except in small way from the digitalis which it prepares for those pharmacists who have physicians’ specifications for Minnesota Unive talis. The expenses of the Garden are car He by the ee Col- lege of Pharmacy Budget. The Garden is not supported by any 330 special governmental appropriation, but about 49.5 per cent of the Pharmacy Budget, out of which the Garden is maintained, comes from the State of Minnesota. Library: The dep ea library of the College of Pharmacy contains about 4 volumes, and all of the pharmacy periodicals of this country and the Fa aa ones of other countries. The students in pharmacy have access to all of the library facilities of the University. Herbarium: About 5000 specimens, ne the saree in paeeueey have access to the her- yarium and other facilities of the Department of Botany, College of Science, ite eee Soe hae piggies: Largely systematic. MINNEAPOLIS (2) UNIVERSITY oF MINNESOTA BOTANIC GARDEN Area: 3 acres. Administered by the Department of Botany chiefly as a source of study material. NORTHFIELD CARLETON COLLEGE ARBORETUM soi ie Oy 08 B STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE A letter of December 26, 1934 from the Department of Biology, State Teachers College, St. Cloud, states as follows: “Our State Teachers College has acquired about a square mile of islands in the Mississippi river near the College. In addition we own one hundred and twenty acres which formerly was a gran- ite quarry. We would like very much to establish (1) a botanical garden and tree plantings on the quarry site and (2) an arboretum on the islands.” As of the above date, nothing had been done toward the develop- ment of these areas. Missouri Shou ls Muissourt BoTANICAL GARDEN Established: The grounds locally known as “ Shaw’s Gardens,” were opened to the public in 1859, but its formal opening as a botanical institution took place upon the organization of the Soll trust, in the fall of 1889. Founded by Henry Shaw, of St. Louis, who gave the original building and planted grounds, and the initial endowment. Area: City Garden, 75 acres; Arboretum, Gray Summit, Mo. (near St. Louis), 1600 Directors: William ee *(1889-1912) ; George T. Moore (1912- Open free, daily except New Year’s and Christmas; on week- days aoe 8 a.m. to one-half hour after sunset; Sundays from 10 a.m. to sunset. Source of income: Endowment, about $5,000,000. Annual See: Approximately $150,000. Li brary: Chiefly refer- ence, with a “limited circulation. Total number of volumes about 50,000; number of pamphlets near] ; manuscripts, 332. Number of periodicals regularly received, 1400. Herbarium: About 1,050,000 specimens. Plantations: In St. Louis, iris, rose medicinal plant, formal and water gardens. At the arboretum (at Gray Summit), pinetum, native wild flower plantations, azalea- rohdodendron garden, flowering crab, cherry, and apple orchards. Species under glass: 6500. Herbaceous plants out of doors: 7500. Publications: Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin, established Jan. 1913. Monthly. Subscription $1.00 a year. Not a scientific publication, but “devoted almost exclusively to informing the people of St. Louis and vicinity what can be seen and learned at the Missouri Botanical Garden.” Contains the annual report of the Director. Annals of the Missouri Botanic Garden. Established March, 1934. Quarterly. Subscription $6.00 a volume. The Annals and the Bulletin together take the place of the An- nual Report (1890-1912). The Twenty-third Annual Report (1912) marked the close of that publication. Museum: Henry Shaw Museum, containing relics pertaining to the life of Henry Shaw and the history of the founding of the Garden. Lecture Courses: Course for amateur gar deners, and an advanced course on gardening and allied subjects. January—April. ec- tures on gardening and allied subjects are delivered by members of the staff before various organizations, outside the Garden. Affiliations: Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. The Director of the Garden is Engelmann, Professor of Botany in the Shaw School of Botany of Washington University. 332 School for Gardeners: There is a provision for six garden ap- prenticeships which provides for three years’ training in general horticulture, forestry, and other subjects. The students work full time in the Garden under the heads of the various depart- ments. New Jersey TRENTON Pack Memoria Arsoretum (Washington Crossing State Park) State Forester, Dept. of Conservation & Development, State House Annex, Trenton, N. J Established: May 19, 1932. Area: 10 acres. Direction: N. J. State Board of Conservation & Development. Serves as a public park. Open free daily. Source of income: State appropriations. There is an Arboretum. Plantations: Geo- graphic and Morphologic. New York BROOKE YN (ly) Brooktyn Botanic GARDEN 1000 Washington Avenue Established: 1910 (Authorized December 10, 1909). Area: 50 acres. Director: C. Stuart Gager (1910- Dy: Serves as a public park. Open free, daily. Sources of income: Private funds eeu New. York City Tax Budget Appropriation. Endowment: $1,350,000. Membership: oe (7) classes, as follows: Benefactor (on payment of $100,000 or more) Patron (on payment of $25,000 or more) Donor (on payment of $10,000 or more) Permanent member (on payment of $2,500 or more) Life member (on payment of $500 or more) Sustaining member ($25 a year) Annual member ($10 a year) 538 Library: Reference. 19,500 volumes and 16,000 pamphlets. Cur- rent periodicals received, nearly 1000. Herbarium: About 150,000 specimens, including Phanerogams and Cryptogams. Plantations: Systematic, Ecologic, Horticultural, Special Gardens Rose Garden, Rock Garden, Japanese Garden, Local Flora, Wall Garden, Water Gardens, Children’s Garden, Medicinal Plant Garden, Herb Garden.) Publications: Ecology, quarterly ; Genetics, bi-monthly ; Contribu- tions, irregular; Memoirs, irregular; Record, quarterly (in- cludes Prospectus, Seed Exchange List, and Annual Report) ; Leaflets, bi-monthly. Lectures and Classes: Lectures are given to children and adults in addition to courses of instruction. Study Collections: The Gar- den has study collections to loan to schools, and living matter for study is supplied to local schools when requested. 4 ffiliations: New York University, Long Island University. BIO OKIE VIN 72) Hunt HorticutTturaAL AND BoTANICAL GARDEN (Called also The Brooklyn Hunt Botanical Garden) Incorporated: April 9, 1855. Note: Three city blocks east of Fifth Avenue, Brooklyn and between 57th and 60th Streets, and $87,000 were given by Thomas Hunt, William C. Langley, and Henry A. Kent. The movement was started by The Brooklyn Horticultural Society incorporated in April, 1854. The plan was abandoned within one year, but no reason for the failure has apparently been left on record. The site is now completely covered with buildings. The land was deeded back to the original three donors. BROOKLYN (3) PARMENTIER’S GARDEN Established: October, 1825. Area: 23 acres. Note: The site was “ between the Jamaica and Flatbush roads,” on the outskirts of what is now the City of Brooklyn. It was near the present Brooklyn Terminus of the Long 1S nee ae ee ne It is recorded ee U. S. Catholic Historical Society, p. 440, December, 1904) by Thomas F. Meehan, that the “ black beech 334 tree” (Fagus sylvatica var. purpurea?) was first introduced into America through Parmentier’s Garden. Here were grown 396 kinds of ornamental and forest trees and ornamental shrubs. Established by André Parmentier. BUPPFALO. (1) BuFrraLo Boranic GARDEN (SoutH Park Boranic GARDEN) Lackawanna, New York Established: 1894. Area: 155 acres. Directors: John F. Cowell (1894-1915); Patrick W. Scanlon (1915- Ne Serves as a public park. Open free, daily, at all hours. Source of income: Annual YUU ae by the City of Buffalo. Li- brary: Reference. 600 volumes, 3000 pamphlets. Number of current periodicals oes received, 10. Herbarium: 100,000 specimens. Plantations: Systematic, Arboretum (500 species), Fruticetum (700 species). Museum: Open free, daily, from a.m. to .m. Lectures to school children are given both at the Garden and at schools. Loan collections for the use of schools: herbarium specimens, dried seeds, economic plant products, photo- graphs. Study material supplied occasionally a requested to both public and private schools. Affiliations: The first director was professor of forestry in the University of Buffalo. BUFFALO (2) BoTANIC GARDEN OF BUFFALO City HospIraL 462 Grider Street. Seed List CORNW ALL-ON-THE-HUDSON Tue Brack Rock Forest Established: 1927. Area: 3137.68 acres. Director: Henry H. Tryon (1927- Je A private property organized as a forest laboratory for fe Sa in problems of fundamental and applied Silviculture and Fore Management, and for as neue Roe eagl ae of es anaes _ Source of inc Expenses are met in part by the owner, Dr. E. G. Stil fae ne in a through he sale of forest ae Open free, daily, “ For public use by anyone who will Soo treat it properly.” Publications: Bulletin (established 1930; an- nually). Black Rock Forest Papers (established 1935); quar- terly ). FLUSHING LINNAEAN BoTanic GARDEN (DISCONTINUED) Established: 1737. Area: At first 8 acres; later, 80 acres. Proprietors: Robert Prince (1737- ); William Prince (?); William Robert Prince (?-1869). Note: This garden was primarily a nursery. The name “ Lin- naean Botanic Garden” was not given it until 1793. The garden, from its beginning to its end, was for 130 years conducted by one family—through five generations. Here, it is said, were planted the first tulips, the first Lombardy poplars, and the first Mahonia in America. This appears to have been the first “ botanic garden ”’ on Long Island. GILBOA (Fossir Plant Botanic GARDEN ) The Director, State Museum, Albany, New York Established: 1927. Area: 80 sq. ft. ilboa Fossil Trees. This is a roadside exhibit of specimens of fossil tree stumps near the spot where they were taken from the rocks at Gilboa, in the Catskill Mountains, Schoharie County, New York State, U.S. A. The group is just within a fence and can be plainly seen from passing automobiles. A large-lettered label can easily be read from a car standing in the road. The stumps are set in a cement base thick enough to be unaffected by the action of frost. The fossil forests of Gilboa are of Upper Devonian age. This exhibit was installed by the New York State Museum (Albany, N. Y.) through the cooperation of the New York City Board of Water Supply in the spring of 1927. According to a statement of the Museum, ‘“ These Gilboa trees in general must have resembled the tree ferns of the tropics today, and also of the ancient Carboniferous and Upper Devonian Times. They do not, however, belong to this group, but were higher types— seed ferns | Pteridosperms].” 336 “The greatest interest in these forests is that they are the oldest known to science.” (See Lester Park; Ritchie Park.) PED ACA CorRNELL UNIversITy ARBORETUM Cornell University Established: 1934. Area: 500 acres. Directors: Under the direction of an arboretum committee of the faculty. Serves as a public park. Open free, daily. Source of income: The initial planting was done by CCC (Civilian Conservation neon of the National Recovery Administration—NRA) men in 1935, cost of maintenance is met by annual appropriations to Cornell University. erbarium and Museum: As of 1935 no steps ya been taken Saad the development of a herbarium and museum apart from those already in existence at the University. During 1936 “much planting was done LACKAWANNA (SEE BUFFALO (1)) LESTER PARK (NEAR SARATOGA SPRINGS) Fosstt Botanic GARDEN The Director, State Museum, Albany, New York In 1914 the New York State Museum received from Willard Lester, Esq., a deed of gift of about 3 acres of land in the town- ship of Greenfield, two miles west of Saratoga Springs, N. Y. This area includes the widely known “ Cryptozoon Ledge,” and is set apart as a public park to be preserved and protected by the State because of its paleobotanical interest. A notice of this gift, and a brief geological and paleobotanical description of the area was given by Dr. John M. Clarke, Director of the New York State Museum, in Science 40: 884. 18 D 1914, under the title, “ A fossil botanical garden.” (See also Ritchie Park, p. 339.) IN YORI Cli, aL) Evcin Boranic GARDEN (DISCONTINUED) Established: 1801, by Dr. David Hosack. Area: 20 acres. 337 This Garden was established ‘‘ as a repository of native plants, and as subservient to medicine, agriculture, and the arts.’ The land was purchased by Hosack from “ the Corporation of the City of New York,” for $4,807.36, and in the first edition of his “Catalog of Plants Contained in the Botanic Garden at Elgin” (New York, 1806), he reports that the greater part of the area was then in cultivation. He states further that “ A primary ob- ject of attention in this establishment will be to collect and culti- vate the native plants of this country, especially such as possess medicinal properties, or are otherwise useful.” Also to introduce similar kinds of plants from different parts of the world to as- certain which ones might be successfully naturalized. The plan- tations were in part systematic illustrating the “ according to both Linnaeus and Jussieu. On January 3, 1811 Hosack conveyed the Botanic Garden with its conservatory and all other appurtenances to the State of New York for the sum of $74,268.75. The plants and tools were, in 1810, appraised by a Committee that included the botanist Pursh, as worth $12,635.74%4 cents. The Regents of the State placed the Garden in the control of the College of Physicians and Surgeons. When this college became part of Columbia University (1814) the University took over the ownership and management. Subse- quently 16 city lots at 48th St. and Fifth Ave. were sold to the Collegiate Dutch Reformed Church for $80,000 and about 1900 the block between 47th and 48th Sts. was sold for about $3,000,000. The Garden became neglected for lack of funds and was gradually given up. The land between 48th and 51st Streets, from Fifth to Sixth Avenue was leased in 1929 to John D. Rockefeller, Jr., at a rental of $3,000,000 a year, and is now the site of Rockefeller Center. Of 513,575 sq. ft. (nearly 12 acres) of the area of the Rockefeller Center, 445,600 sq. ft. were in the area of the Elgin Botanic Garden. ” natural orders NEW YORK CITY (2) Ture New York BoTanicAL GARDEN Fordam Branch P. O., New York, N. Y. Established: 1895 (Chartered, April, 1891). Area: 40 acres. 338 Directors: | 1. Nathaniel Lord Britton (1895-1930) 2. Elmer Drew Merrill (1930-October 1, 1935) 3. Marshall Avery Howe (1935—December 24, 1936) 4. Henry Allan Gleason (Acting) (1937- ) Serves as a public park. Open free every day in the year, at all hours. Sources of income: Bacon nt, annual appropriations by the City of Greater New York, private subscriptions, member- ship dues, sale of publications and photo cee Membership: Eight (8) classes, as folloy single poetribution $25,000 TOR CLO terre: Crarsctavn acre etek RAD Ole ay cet eo ey ita SIP Le CONTA D MON 5,000 Bellow for Lite sec. cGs single contribution 1,000 Member for iuiie-<...4.... «single contribution 250 Fellowship Member ....... annual fee 100 Sustaining Mengber ........ annual fee 25 mmigal Wien ber 4 + ea aca annual fee Garden Club Membership .. annual fee for a club 25 Library: Reference. 43,500 yous and many thousand pam- phlets. Current periodicals received : Approximately 1000. er- barium: More than 1,706,000 specimens, dist ibuted BuO EY as follows: Flowering Plants and Ferns: 1,121,000; Fungi: 252, 000; Mosses: 171,000; Hepatics: 55,000; Algae: 77 OOO ; Lichens : 30,000. Plantations: Systematic, arboretum, fruticetum, Rose garden, Rock garden. Publications: Journal. established 1900. Monthly. Subscription, $1.00 a year. [Editor, Arlow Burdett Stout. Bulletin. Established 1896. Issued irregularly. Subscription $3.00 a year. Editor —— Mycologia. Babicned 1909. Bi-monthly. — Subscription $6.00 a year. ($5.00 to members of the Mycological Society of America.) Editor, Fred J. Seaver. North American Flora. Established 1907. Planned to be com- pleted in 34 eae Royal, 8 vol., each vol. of 4 parts. 75 parts now issued (1935). Subscription $1.50 a part. Addisonia. Established 1916. Semi-annual. Devoted to col- ored plates and descriptions. Subscription $10.00 a volume. Ed- itor, Edward J. Alexander. Brittomia. Established 1931. Issued irregularly. Subscrip- tion, $5.00 a volume. 339 Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. Ustablished 1900. Issued irregularly. pe a to members of the Garden $1.50 a volume; to others $3.00 Contributions. Beene’ 1897, Reprints from other jour- nals. 25 cents each, $5.00 a volume. Museum: Open free, daily, from 10 a.m. to 4:30 pm. Lec- tures: Special lectures are given to school children at the garden, but not at schools. Study Collections: There are no study collec- tions to loan to schools, but ane material is supplied to teachers in both public and private schools, to a limited amount, occasionally when requested. Affiliation: Cua University. BORING EV EIS LETCHWORTH PARK ARBORETUM Established: 1907. Area: About 1000 acres. Occupies a strip of land extending for three miles along both banks of the Genesee River, given to the State of New York in 1907 by William Pryor Letchworth. A museum and library building was erected in 1912-1913. — POUGHKEEPSIE Durcuess County BoTaNIcAL GARDEN Established: 1920. Area: 4 acres. Director: Edith A. Adelaide Roberts (1920- Ve Open free to ae public. Plantations: Ecological. Popularly known as the tchess County Ecological Laboratory.” aM majority of the ce plants of Dutchess County are grown here in some 28 ecological 880 (out of a total of 30 in Dutchess County ). Source of income (in part): In 1922-1923 the De- partment of Botany was granted the income from the Elizabeth Drinker Storer Fund for seven years. Affiliation: Vassar College (Department of Botany). RITCHIE PARK (NEAR SARATOGA SPRINGS) PETRIFIED GARDENS 191 Caroline Street, Saratoga Springs, Route 29, three miles west of Saratoga Springs Established: About 1930. Area: 30 acres. 340 Note; About one-half mile south of Lester Park on the Green- field road is Ritchie Park, privately owned by Mr. Robert Ritchie, Saratoga, New York. This entire area is all underlain by “ Cryp- tozoon reefs,” formed by three different species of this calcareous alga. The display is said to be finer than the ledge in Lester Park. About six acres have been cleared so as to display the fossil re- mains. “The finest thing of the kind in the world,’ Open to the public; admission 35 cents. Guides. A natural ledge, 500 feet long, is being developed as a rock garden. “ Our future project includes conservation of the natural beauty of the park, testing plant material for hardiness, and a ‘bird haven.’ ” (See also Lester Park and Gilboa.) North Carolina CRA RH ie ARBORETUM OF THE UNIversity or NortH CAROLINA Established: 1902. Area: 5 acres. There is also a greenhouse and propagation ground of about 2 acres at another place on the campus. Director: W. C. Coker (1902- e Source of income: University of North Carolina. The Arbo- retum 1s administered as part of the Department of Botany of the University. Library; That of the University. erbarium: “ One of the best in the South.” Medicinal Plant Garden. HICKORY THe Hickory ARBORETUM G. F. Ivey, Hickory, North Carolina Established: 1933. Area: 7 acres. Director: G. F. Ivey (1933- ne Serves as a public park. Open free daily. Source of income: Private funds. Plantations: Not definitely classified. Ohio CINCINNATI (1) Mr. Atry Forest ARBORETUM c/o Board of Park Commissioners, 2005 Gilbert Avenue 341 Established: 1931. Area: About 106 acres. Director: Under control of Cincinnati Board of Park Com- missioners. The Arboretum is a part of the public park. Open free daily. Source of income: General Park appropriations and private dona- tions. Plantations: Systematic. CINCINNATI (INDIAN HILL) (2) S. M. Rowe ARBORETUM R. R. No. 1, Station “M” Established: 1929. Area: 100 acres. This Arboretum is a private estate. It does not serve as a pub- lic park, but is open free at any time to those interes ted. Source of income: Private funds. Library: Small. Fruticetum: Shrubs not ee CEEVEAFIEAIN TD) Tur HoLtpen ARBORETUM The Cleveland Museum of Natural History, 2717 Euclid Avenue Established: December, 1930. Area: 100 acres. Directors: Under supervision of the Museum. Source of income: None at present. Future income from me- morial fund. There have been a few private gifts. Library: 10,000 See Publication: “ Significance of the Holden Arboretum COLUMBUS (1) ARBORETUM OF OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY In 1926 a movement was started “ for the purpose of establish- ing an arboretum in connection with Ohio State University.” A “ Constitution and By-Laws of the Ohio Botanic Garden Society ” was adopted. COLUMBUS (2) Botanic GARDEN OF OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Botany, The University Director: Edgar N. Transeau. 342 NEWARK DAWES ARBORETUM Established: June, 1919, by Beman G. Dawes. Area: 325 acres. In Licking County near Newark. Source of income: Endowment. Note: “ Orietndue figures of gov ernment, secretes hae and sport circles have planted some of the Arboretum’s 700 trees, which represent all the varie- ties that thrive in the aoe zone,’ including “* descendants of such famous and historical trees as the Charter Oak and the Logan Elm TOLEDO The Director, Toledo Zoological Society, Walbridge Park Note: In the Museum News, April 15, 1936, it is reported that the Toledo Zoological Society has under construction a natural science development, comprising a Museum of Natural and Social Science, and a Botanic Garden with CONSE) vatorics. Our letter of inquiry with questionnaire remains unanswered. WOOSTER WoosteR ARBORETUM Established: 1908. Area: 70 acres. Administered by Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Division of Forestry. Serves as a public park. Open free, daily. Library. Pennsylvania BETHLEHEM ARBORETUM OF LEHIGH UNIVERSITY FEestablished: About 1916. Superintendent: A, Litzenberger. MARSHALLTON MARSHALLTON ARBORETUM (DISCONTINUED) In 1773 Humphrey Marshall, cousin of John Bartram, began the foundation of an Arboretum in Marshallton (then called Bradford), Penn. (See Philadelphia: Bartram Garden.) 343 MEDIA PAINTERS ARBORETUM (DISCONTINUED) Established: About 1825. Discontinued “ sometime in the ’seven- ties.” Area: About 4 acres. Location: Middletown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania —three miles from Media. Founders: Jacob and Minshall Painter (brothers). Note: H. S. Connard (Proc. Delaware County Institute of Sci- ence 7: No. 1. 1-14. May, 1914) stated that as late as 1898 the site of this Garden contained “one of the richest and rarest collections of trees and shrubs in this vicinity.” He gives a par- tial list of them (as of 1898), comprising eighty genera and about 117 species, including the Cutter-dock (Petasites), Sequoia gi- gantea, Cedar of Lebanon, and Gordonia (Franklinia). A de- scription of the ecology of this area is given by T. Chalkley Palmer in The Westonian, Vol. 30, No. 4, Autumn, 1929. In this article Mr. Palmer records the fact that this area, part of a tract of some 800 acres or more, was, in 1929, in the ownership of Mr. John J. Tyler, of Germantown (Philadelphia), a nephew of the Painter brothers. As of 1936 Mr. Gerard Ronon, of Philadelphia, was Trustee of the property. Our questionnaire was not returned. MERION ARBORETUM OF THE BARNES FOUNDATION Merion, Montgomery Co., Pennsylvania Established: 1923. Area: 11 acres. Director: Mrs. A. C. Barnes (1923- MN Admission by request. Source of income: Barnes Foundation. See article by Frank A. Schrepper, The Arboretum of the Barnes Foundation. (Landscape Architecture 25: 21-26. Oct. 1935.) PHIEADELPHIA Awsury ARBORETUM Germantown, Philadelphia Established: 1918. Area: 65 acres. Directors: Arthur W. Cowell (1919-?); Howard S. Kneedler, Jr. (1935- 344 Serves as a public park. Open free, daily, from sunrise to sunset. Source of income: Endowment fund and subscriptions. Fruticetum: Shrubs not segregated. BARTRAM GARDEN (DISCONTINUED) Founded 1728 by John Bartram on the banks of the Schuylkill River. The site is now within the city limits of Philadelphia, and is preserved as a historic “ monument.” It was continued by William Bartram, son of John. Harshberger considers the Gingko biloba, planted by John, as the first Gingko to be planted in America since it is larger than the one in Woodland Cemetery (Philadelphia) which Charles 5S. Sargent considered the oldest. Discontinued about the end of the 18th century. John Bartram, 2nd, erected a building on the site in 1775. BoraNic GARDEN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Established: 1892. Area: Nearly 4 acres. Directors: J. M. McFarlane (1895-1920); Rodney H. True (1920-July 1, 1937). Jacob G. Schram (July 1, 1937- Dy Open free to the public daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Source of income: Endowment of $55,000, and annual University grant. Library: More than 10,000 volumes, ee pamphlets (as of 1934). Herbarium: More than 100,000 s Plantations: Systematic and general. Supplies about 7000 ee annually to local schools for study. DarLinGcton’s ARBORETUM (DISCONTINUED) Established: About 1850. Laid out as part of the public park of Westchester, Pennsylvania, by William Darlington. EvaANs’s ARBORETUM (DISCONTINUED) Established: 1828, near Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. HEMLOCK ARBORETUM Care of C. F. Jenkins, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa. Established: 1931. Area: 5% acres. Director (and owner): C. F. Jenkins. 345 Does not serve as a public park, but is open free to the public at all times. Source of income: Privately endowed. Librar Small. Plantations: Systematic and geographic. Publications: Quarterly Bulletin. (Jan., April, July and Oct.) MARSHALL'S GARDEN (DISCONTINUED) Established: 1773, at West Bradford, Pennsylvania, by Humphry Marshall, a cousin of John Bartram. Some of the trees are still standing (1937) but the garden, as such, has been aban- doned. (See Philadelphia: Bartram Garden.) Morris ARBORETUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia Established: Oct., 1932. Area: 160 acres. Director: Rodney H. True (1932- Ne Does not serve as a public park. Admission free. Hours: 2-5 Wednesdays and Thursdays, 1-5 Saturdays. Source of income: Endowment (The Morris Foundation). Library: 1500 volumes ; 125 pamphlets. Herbarium: 10,000 sheets. Fruticetum: Shrubs not segregated. Plantations: Mainly systematic with attention to soil diversity. Publications: se eae eae planned (1934). Scientific monograph series planned (1934). Lectures on horti- cultural subjects free to the public. Stwdy material supplied to schools in limited quantity. Affiliated with University of Penn- sylvania. There are a number of graduate fellowships for students in botany working for advanced degrees. A stipend of $1200 ac- companies each appointment. The property comprises two estates: “Compton” (about 90 acres), at Germantown and Hillcrest Avenues, Chestnut Hill (Philadelphia), and “ Bloomfield”? (70 acres), in Montgomery County, across the City line from “ Compton.” RosiIcRUCIAN GARDEN (DisconTINUED ABouT 1800) Located on the lower Wissahickon River, previous to the American Revolution (early 18th Century). Contained medicinal herbs used by the Rosicrucian (Red Cross) fraternity. 346 Wirtt’s Botanic GARDEN (DISCONTINUED) Established: 1708, by Christopher Witt at Germantown, now a suburb of Philadelphia. READING READING BOTANIC GARDEN In 1925 plans were initiated for a Botanic Garden to be operated in conjunction with the Reading Museum, Levi W. Menzel, D1- rector. The Museum is under the jurisdiction of the Board of Education. SELINGSGROVE BoTANIc GARDEN OF SUSQUEHANNA UNIVERSITY Announcement was made by letter of Feb. 11, 1921, that a Botanic Garden was about to be established at Susquehanna University. SWARTHMORE ArTHuUR Hoyt Scorr HorricuLTuRAL FOUNDATION Swarthmore College Established: 1929. Area: 250 acres. Director: John C. Wister (1930- y Serves as a public park. Open free at all times. Source of income: Endowment, Arthur Hoyt Scott Horticultural Founda- tion. Library: The botanical and horticultural books in the Col- lege Library. Herbarium: That of the Botanical Department of the College. Fruticetum, but shrubs not segregated. Plantations: Systematic and geographic. Publications: A preliminary report and occasional small pamphlets about flowering plants. Affiliation: The Garden is affiliated with Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa — TYLER ARBORETUM (PAINTERS ARBORETUM) (See Media) 347 WESTTOWN WESTTOWN ScHooL ARBORETUM Westtown Established: 1906. Area: 20 a Directors: Alfred Z. Haines (1906-1909) ; Albert J. Bailey, Jr. (1921- Open free daily. Source of income: Donations. Library: The School library consists of about 200 volumes on botany. Her- barium: Approximately OO specimens. The arboretum is re- stricted to ‘ ae eo natural species.” There is no fruticetum. Plantations: Systema Shrubs and horticultural varieties of trees, while present in some numbers, are not the main interest of the project. This on account of limited area and funds. Conifers about 100 (including 25 species of Pinus). Deciduous trees, about 250. Publications: None. ‘There is no scientific nor special edu- cational program beyond the elementary botany courses of the Westtown (preparatory) School. South Carolina CHARLESTON THomas WaLTER’s BoTANICAL GARDEN (DISCONTINUED) This Garden was established by Thomas Walter in the second half of the 18th century on the banks of the Santee River, north of Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. A. Upon his death the Gar- den was abandoned, and nothing remains now except Walter's grave, marked by a broken marble slab. Walter was the author of Flora Caroliniana (1788). Dr. John K. Small refers to this publication as “the first manual of the plants of a more or less definite geographic area.” (Small, John Kunkel. Manual of the Southeastern Flora, ix. 1933; Torreya 36: 166-167. 1935.) Tennessee KNOXVILLE A, F, SANrorp ARBORETUM P. O. Box 197 Established: 1930. Area: 20 acres. 348 Open free daily. Source of income: Maintained by owner per- sonally. Plantations: Systematic. eee ee Occasional cata- logues and planting list. Affiliations: University of Tennessee botanical department cooperates iinofficial y. Texas AUSTIN BoTANIC GARDEN OF THE UNIVERSITY A tract of land of 500 acres on the Colorado River near Austin belonging to the University was set aside to be developed in whole or part, as a botanic garden. (Jide personal letter.) FORT WORTH Fort Worth Botanic GARDEN c/o Fort Worth Park Department, Rotary Park Established: 1933. Area: 35 acres. Directors: Board of Park Commissioners. Open free at all times. Source of income: The City refunds taxes on Park properties for up-keep. Plantations include Arbo- retum, Water Gardens, Rose Garden, Arid and Native Wild Flower Gardens, and Nature Trails. Library: In the making (about 500 volumes and pamphlets in 1935). Herbarium: 8500 specimens mounted and classified. A large part of the Garden, just a little more than one year old (a Government Project), was built by relief labor. Special lectures are given to school children at the Garden. Living material is sttpplied to local schools for study. The Garden operates the Fort Worth Garden Center in the Horticultural Building. Affiliation: Fort Worth Public School; Fort Worth Gar Aon Club. HOUSTON Houston BoTANIcAL GARDEN Established: 1925. Area: 15 acres. Administered by City Park Department. Open free, daily. Her- barium: About 3000 sheets. 349 Washington CARSON WIND River ARBORETUM 424 U. S. Court House, Portland, Oregon Established: 1912. Area: Nearly 9 acres. Director (Acting): Donald N. Matthews (1936). Administered by U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Serv- ice, Project of Pacific Northwest Experiment Station, ten miles northwest of Carson in Columbia National Forest. Plantations: About 1700 trees, nearly 150 species. Publication: Reports of pened (mimeographed). Located across Columbia River about 40 miles from Portland, Oregon. Saari (Gl) MerpicINAL PLANT GARDEN College of Pharmacy, University of Washington Seed hist: SIDA EI, (C4) WASHINGTON ARBORETUM AND BoTANIcAL GARDEN Department of Forestry, University of Washington Established: December 16, 1935. Area: 260 acres. Director: Hugo Winkenwerder (1935-— Serves as a public park. In 1935 the area, Washington Park, adjacent to the Campus of the State University of Washington, was set aside as a botanic garden and arboretum by the Seattle Park Board. It is to be “a state-wide institution under per- petual supervision of the University of Washington. Source of income: On December 16, 1935, a WPA (U. S. Works Progress Administration) Project, jointly sponsored by the University of Washington and the Park Department of the City of Seattle, was put into operation. This provides for $166,629 of Federal Funds, and $129,660 additional in services and ma- terials contributed by the University and the City. This project was closed July 8, 1936, because the funds allotted were ex- hausted.. 350 The Arboretum Foundation, ‘‘a non-profit corporation,” has been formed “to assist in and foster the development of Washing- ton’s Arboretum and Botanical Garden.’’ Membership in the Foundation is in five classes, as follows: ENEROCIOLE Ha eaesa ces Annual dues $ 2.00 Beoulat sess auld a : 5.00 PRCT Coe rye inet tes . x 10.00 UStMING a. e. k es ™ - 25.0 1a 0) 6 gee ee oe One payment of $500.00 or more Plantatins: Systematic; Ecological; Special. Publications: The Arboretum Bulletin. Vol. I, No. 1, December, 1936. Seed List. West Virginia WHEELING ARBORETUM In the Museum News for May 15, 1928 it was stated that the first Arboretum in West Virginia was about to be established in Wheeling with an area of about 70 acres. Address given “ Man- ager, Waddington Farm, Wheeling.” No reply to our ques- tionnaire. Wisconsin MADISON (1) WISCONSIN ARBORETUM AND WILD Lire REFUGE Arboretum Committee, Biology Building Established: April, 1932. Area: 500 acres. Director: FE. M. Gilbert, Chairman of Arboretum Committee (1932- Serves as a public park only in very small part. Admission free. Source of income: Gifts. Also appropriations from the State. Library: University Library. Herbarium: University Herbarium (approximately 120,000 specimens). Plantations: Systematic, geographic, ecologic. Some acreage has been set aside for Family, Genus, and Species groupings, but most of the plant- ings will be in the nature of natural groupings, such as American Larch Association, Wisconsin Oak Woods, Juniper Association, —" 335) Open Prairie (90 acres), Marsh, ete. Lectures are given to school children at the Garden. Affiliations: With the University of Wis- consin. Note: In the development of the Arboretum natural sur- faces are being left undisturbed, except in some places where it 1s absolutely necessary to change them for service or safety. An item in Science for March 5, 1937, p. 236, states that the ea Research Foundation has allotted $8000 which will provide for the continuation of the work now being done by Professor Aldo Leopold on game management and land-waste problems in con- nection with the university arboretum. MADISON (2) WISCONSIN PHARMACEUTICAL GARDEN Area: 38 acres. Direction: Wisconsin Pharmaceutical Experiment Station. RIPON BorANIc GARDEN OF RIPON COLLEGE Plans for the establishment of this Garden were announced in 1928. Dr. James F. Groves, of the Botany Dept. of the College was chosen Director. Initial planting in the spring of 1928. Uruguay MONTEVIDEO JarpIn BorAnico DEL PRADO Avenida Reyes 1155 y 1179 Director: W. G. Herter. This Garden is under the Municipal Park Department. Venezuela CARACAS Jarpin BoTANICco Windward Islands GRENADA BoraNic GARDENS, GRENADA St. George’s, Grenada, Windward Islands 352 Established: 1866. Area: 26 acres (including areas now being annexed to the Botanic Gardens). Directors: (Present title, Superintendent of Agriculture) 1. W. R. Elliott (1886-1889) 2. E. M. Murray (1889) 3. G. Whitfield Smith (1890-1894) 4. W. E. Broadway (1894-1904) 5. R. D. Anstead (1904-1909) 6. Gilbert Auchinleck (1909-1914) 7. J. C. Moore (1914-1920) 8. R. O. Williams (1920-1921) 9. W. O’Brien Donovan (1921-1929) 10. K. T. Rae (1929-1931) 11. W. O’Brien Donovan (1931- ) Serves as a public park. Open free to the public daily, from 6am. to 6 pam. Source of income: Annual sUUe neuen by in a scientific sense, but are chiefly ornamental and used for the propagation of economic plants. ae Department uses spare corners for minor economic experiments.” ST. LUCIA BoTaANic GARDENS, CASTRIES Established: 1887. Area: 7.5 acres. Directors (Agricultural Superintendent) : 1. John Gray (1887-1895) 2. John Chisnall Moore (1895-1914) 3. Archibald Joseph Brooks (1914-1922) 4. Ernest Alfred Walters (1922- ) Library: Reference. About 403 volumes. Plantations: Economic only. Small decorative section at Botanic Gardens. Publications: Annual Report, Pamphlets. Lectures: Occasional lectures to S30) school teachers. Note: “ The staff of the agricultural department directs agricultural training in the primary schools, gives occasional lectures to school teachers, visits and advises planters and peasants on practical agricultural matters, conducts experiments in cultural methods on estates and at the experiment station, and raises and distributes at nominal charges such economic plants as are re- quired for estate planting, besides introducing and trying new plants.” A few native pupils are trained at the department sta- tions in practical agri-horticulture. Yugoslavia—See Jugoslavia os x a : ' ; : ; ne) ae = og” oe on : - - : 2 ne Alddendum Georgia LIBERTY COU iy Boranic GARDEN OF Louis LEContE (DIscoNTINUED) eeulinteds About 1810 (?). ote: “ Years ago Georgia could boast several small botanic garc me Mr. Louis LeConte had a delightful small botanic garden about his home in Liberty County.” MAXEY LiInpsEy Puysic GARDEN (DiscOoNTINUED) Established: About 1810 (?). Note: “ Coeval with the LeConte garden [in Liberty County, Georgia] Dr. Lindsey Durham, of Maxey, Ga., maintained a physic garden on his plantation and from this garden procured a large part of the materia medica for his practice (Garden Gate- ways. Pub. by Garden Club of Georgia, Atlanta. 4: 1, Sept 1917. Citation for this and the above quotation.) Erratuin Page 316, eighth line under center heading LISLE should read: C. E. Godshalk (1922- ): The 6 Brooklyn eniee of ‘Arts and “Sciences _ OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES PRESIDENT EDWARD. C. BLUM . : - First Vice-PResIpeNT Sreconp Vice-PRESIDENT WALTER H. CRITTENDEN ADRIAN VAN SINDEREN THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT SUMNER FORD ; TREASURER SECRETARY EDWIN P. MAYNARD JOHN H. DENBIGH BOTANIC GARDEN GOVERNING COMMITTEE MISS HILDA LOINES, Chairman PHILIP A. BENSON WALTER HAMMITT ‘EDWARD C. BLUM, Ex officio WILLIAM T. HUNTER MRS. WILLIAM H. CARY DAVID H. LANMAN WALTER H. CRITTENDEN EDWIN P. MAYNARD MRS. LEWIS W. FRANCIS ALFRED E. MUDGE EX OFFICIO MEMBERS OF THE BOARD THE FoLLowInG OFFICIALS oF THE City or NEw York THE MAYOR THE COMPTROLLER THE COMMISSIONER OF PARKS GENERAL INFORMATION MempersHiP.—All persons who are mere in the objects and maintenance of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden are eligible to membership. Members enjoy spe- cial privileges ual Membership, $10 a ly; Sustaining Membership, yearly; Life Membership, $500. Full information con cerning membership may _ be had by Aelgs The Director, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington ee Bro n, N. Y. Telephone, Prospect 9-6173. HE Se ‘Ganen i is open free to the Public daily from 8 a.m. until dusk; on Sundays and Holidays it is open at Aaa Flatbush Avenue, near Empire Boulevard and near Mt. Prospect Reece on Washington Avenue, south of Eastern Parkway and near gue Boulevard: ‘on Eastern Parkway, west of the Museum Building ~ street po iage to the Laboratory Building is at 1000 Washington Avenue, Saya Crown To ASssISsT Mice and others in studying the ehections the serv: a _ docent may be obtained. This service is ie ot facnt hee o members of ae Botanic Garden; to others there is a charge of 50 cents per person, Arrangements must be made by a abi to the Curator of Public pearon at least one day in ok oe of less than six adults will be c ed To REACH THE ‘cas ARDEN take Broadway (B.M. T) poe to Prospect siecle ‘Station; ferechora ugh Subway to Ea yc ne nt -Brooklyn Museum. Station; ce arkway west an m ~ from Manhattan, take Manhattan Bridge, follow Flatbush Avenue Extension and Flatbush Avenue to Eastern Parkway, turn left following Parkway to Washington Avenue ; then turn right. fic apers radenbea a Uses, i ’ He ITRIBUTIONS. Established, April 1, 1911. Papers originally hed in p Vesna ah reissued as “ separates we out. he of er ing, and numbered ee oe ee ere: num “Cire ulates it tance of resistanc ice ee ents each, ate . 76. Inheri : or. hn: I Peerita ae 23 pages, GC locial geology ot the fe 35 cent By mail, 40 BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN RECORD VOL. XXVI OCTOBER, 1937 No. 4 PROSPECTUS OF COURSES, LECTURES, AND OTHER EDUCATIONAL ADVANTAGES OFFERED TO MEMBERS AND TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC 1937-1938 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY INCE AND LEMON STS., LANCASTER, PA BY THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Entered as second-class matter in the post-office at Lancaster, Pa., under act of August 24, 1912. BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN Scientific, Educational, and Administrative Officers SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL = Staff C. STUART GAGER, Ph.D., Sc.D., Pd.D., Dire MONTAGUE FREE, Certificate, aa Bota tanic Garde ens, Sie "Elo tieualiiviss ARTHUR HARMOUNT GRAVES, Ph.D., Curator of Public Instruction ALFRED io penne Docteur de “Université ee Curator of Plants WILLIAM E. JORDAN, B.S., GEORGE M. REED, Ph.D., ee oF ie Putholbby ELLEN EDDY SHAW, B.S., Curator of Elementary se acbbie HENRY K. SVENSON, Ph. D., Curator of the Herbari MARGARET M. DORWAR D, ACO, Assistant Curator "OF Elementary I asiructi ion Other Officers MARY AVERILL, Honorary Curator of Japanese Gardening and Floral Art HAROLD A. CAPARN, Consulting Landscape Architect RALPH CURTISS BENEDICT, Ph.D., Resident Investigator (Ferns) RALPH H. CHENEY, Sc.D., Resident Investigator (Economic Plants) nee PERPALL, CHICHESTER, Library Assistant CHARLES F. DONEY, M.S., Assistant in eee Plants See H. DUR KIN, Curatorial Cobad ELSIE TWEMLOW HAMMOND, M.A., Ins D. ELIZABETH MARCY, A.M., Ph.D., Research cae RANCES M. MINER, * A.B., Inst MARGARET BURDICK PUTZ, Ciratoria Accson ESTER M. RUSK, AM., Instruc MARGERY H. UDELL, Cupatorial assist GORDON UTTER, MS., Research Assistant HILDA VILKOMERSON, AB., Curatorial Heels LOUIS BUHLE, Photographer MAUD H. PURDY, Artist ADMINISTRATIVE DANIEL C. DOWNS, Secretary and Accountant MAUDE E. VORIS, Assistant Secretary NORMA STOFFEL BANTA, Office Assistant MARIE-LOUISE HUBBARD, A.M., Secretary to the Director ERTRUDE W. MERRILL, AB., Field Secretary FRANK STOLL, Registrar anid Custodian : LAURA M. BREWSTER, Stenographer CONSTANCE PURVES ELSON, B.A., Stenographer HELEN E. BENNETT, Stenographer * On leave of absence, October 1, 1937, to October 1, 1938. INFORMATION CONCERNING MEMBERSHIP The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences is organized in three main departments: 1. The Department of Iducation. 2. The Museums. 3. The Botanic Garden. Any of the following seven classes of membership may be taken out through the Botanic Garden: SIAN abahbied banal esanle sy cheer pee emesis onied™ 2 $ 10 Pee Sustain mieilel. wa ahd doe cee 25 SP aSiiher MeN Clete caG rae oe oo) Yr een ae 500 Gb Pletciaeaten ales ali onc) 601 0\ ci camer eee er eyernS cers 2,500 Bicol DYoyal oye Secs Seca 6k arty, are tee oot 10,000 (hs RIB Ov aL oe ae gem AP 25,000 VPP CIGLAGUO GRRE Cl keh ie eee cee 100,000 Sustaining members are annual members with full privileges in Departments one to three. Membership in classes two to seven carries full privileges in Departments one to three. In addition to opportunities afforded to members of the Botanic Garden for public service through cooperating in its development, and helping to further its aims to advance and diffuse a knowledge and love of plants, to help preserve our native wild flowers, and to afford additional and much needed educational advantages in Brooklyn and Greater New York, members may also enjoy the privileges indicated on the following page. Further information concerning membership may be had by addressing The Director, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y., or by personal conference by appointment. Telephone, Prospect 9-6173. il PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERSHIP 1, Free admission to the buildings and grounds at all times. 2. Cards of admission for self and friends to all exhibitions and openings preceding the admission of the general public, and to receptions. 3. Services of docent (by appointment), for self and party (of not less than six), when visiting the Garden. 4. Admission of member and one guest to field trips and other scientific meetings under Garden auspices, at the Garden or elsewhere. 5. Free tuition in most courses of instruction; in other courses a liberal discount from the fee charged to non-member 6. Invitations for self and friends to spring and fall “ Flower Days,” and to the Annual Spring Inspection. 7. Copies of Garden publications, as follows: a. Recorp (including the ANNUAL Report). GuIpEs (to the Plantations and Collections). c. LEAFLETS (of popular information). d. CONTRIBUTIONS (on request. ‘Technical papers). 8. Announcement Cards (Post Card Bulletins) concerning plants in flower and other items of interest. 9. Privileges of the Library and of the Herbarium. 10. expert advice on the choice and care of ornamental trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, indoors and out; on plant- ing the home grounds; the care of lawns; and the treatment of plants affected by insect and fungous pests. 11. Determination of botanical specimens. 12. Participation in the periodical distribution of surplus plant material and seeds, in accordance with special announce- ments sent to members from time to time. 13. Membership privileges in other botanic gardens and museums outside of Greater New York, when visiting other cities, and on presentation of membership card in Brooklyn Bo- tanic Garden. (See the following page.) ill OUT-OF-TOWN MEMBERSHIP PRIVILEGES In accordance with a cooperative arrangement with a number of other institutions and organizations, Brooklyn Botanic Garden members, when visiting other cities, may, on presentation of their Botanic Garden membership card at the office of the cooperating museum or organization, be accorded, without charge, the same privileges as are enjoyed by the members of that institution, in- cluding admission to exhibits and lectures, and invitation to social events. ‘This does not include being enrolled on the mailing list for publications, and does not include free admission to the Phila- delphia and Boston spring Flower Shows. In reciprocation, the members of the cooperating units, when visiting the Metropolitan district of Greater New York, will be accorded full membership privileges at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. The cooperating units are as follows: Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. Berkshire Museum, Springfield, Mass. Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, Mass. Buffalo Museum of Science, Buffalo, California Academy of Sciences, on Prisco: Carnegie Museum, Pas Pa. Charleston Museum, Charleston, S. C. Everhart Museum ‘ Natural History, Science and Art, ee Pa. Fairbanks Museum of Natural Science, St. Johnsbury, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicaco. Il. Los Angeles Museum, Los Angeles, Calif. Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Boston, Mass. Missouri Botanical Garden uis, Mo, Newark Museum, Newa ae N. Te New York State Museum, Albany, N. Y. Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, reac Mass. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Commercial Museum, Philadelphia, Pa, Southwest Museum, Los Angeles, California. REGULATIONS CONCERNING PHOTOGRAPHING, PAINTING, AND SKETCHING 1. No permit is required for photographing with a hand camera, ay or for sketching or painting without an easel on the Grounds or in the Conservatories. 2, Sketching and painting with an easel and the use of a tripod camera are not allowed in the Japanese Garden, the Rose Garden, the Local Flora Section (Native Wild Flower Garden), nor the Conservatories at any time without a permit. No permits are given for use after 12 o’clock noon on Sundays and holidays. 3. Artists, and the public in general, may not bring into the Botanic Garden chairs, stools, or anything to sit in or on. 4. Holders of permits must not set up tripod cameras nor ‘asels in such a way as to involve injury to living plants or lawns, nor to cause an obstruction to traffic on congested paths or walks. 5. Application for permits should be made at the office of the Director, Laboratory Building, Room 301, or by mail (1000 Washington Avenue), or by telephone (PRospect 9-6173). BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN RECORD VOL. XXV1 OCTOBER, 1937 No. 4 COURSES OF INSTRUCTION The Brooklyn Botanic Garden offers courses of instruction in botany, gardening, horticulture, and nature study. A. For members and the general public (“ A” courses, p. 356) ] ” courses, p. 360) Cy or children @ -C scourses, 9.363) D. Other courses of a special nature (“ D” courses, p. 364) EK. Research courses (“ E” courses, p. 364) Any course may be withdrawn when less than ten persons apply for registration and no course will be given when less than six ap- ply. Since registration in many of the courses is restricted to a hxed number on account of the limited space available in the green- houses, and for other reasons, those desiring to attend are urged to send in their application for enrollment, with entrance fee, to the Secretary, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, several days in advance of the first exercise. This avoids delay at the beginning of the first exercise, ensures a place in the course, and enables the in- structor to provide adequate material for the class. Enrollment.—Persons are requested not to register in any course unless they are reasonably confident that they can attend the sessions of the class regularly and throughout. This is espe- cially important where the number to be enrolled is limited. To register and not attend may deprive someone else of the privilege of attending. With the exceptions noted, no registrations will be accepted for separate class exercises. Equipment available for the courses: Three classrooms, two laboratory rooms, and three [nstructional Greenhouses, the Children’s Garden occupying about *% of an acre S20 356 and divided into 150 plots for instruction in gardening; at the north end of the Children’s Garden, the Children’s Building, for conferences, and for the storage of tools, seeds, special collections, etc.; the auditorium, on the ground floor, capable of seating 570 persons, and equipped with a motion-picture machine and _stere- opticon, and electric current, gas, and running water for experi- ments connected with lectures. In addition to these accommodations, the dried plant specimens in the herbarium, the living plants in the conservatories and planta- tions, and the various types of gardens, are readily accessible ; while the main library and children’s library which contain a compre- hensive collection of publications on every phase of gardening and plant life, may be consulted freely at any time. A. Courses for Members and the General Public Although the following courses are designed especially for Members of the Botanic Garden, they are open (unless otherwise specified) to any one who has a general interest in plants. Teach- ers are welcome. Starred courses (*) are open also for credit to students of Long Island University, and are described in the cur- rent Long Island University catalog. In harmony with an agree- ment entered into in the spring of 1935, the Botanic Garden, upon recommendation of the Chairman of the Biology Department of Long Island University, offers a course scholarship to one student of the University. Unless otherwise specified, all “ A” courses are free to mem- bers, but the individual class exercises are open only to those who register for the entire course. Of others a fee is required, as in- dicated. In courses where plants are raised, these become the — property of the class members. FALL COURSES Al. Plants in the Home: How to Grow Them.—Tl'ive talks with demonstrations. This course deals with the principles to be followed in raising plants. Practice in potting, mixing soils, mak- 5 ] Fo 5 ’ ing cuttings, etc. The members of the class have the privilege of 7 For information concerning membership in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden consult pages i-i1t. 357 keeping the plants they have raised. On account of restricted space in the greenhouse, this class must be limited to 40. Regis- tration according to the order of application. Fee to non-mem- bers, $6 (including laboratory fee); to members, $1 laboratory fee. Wednesdays, 11 am., November 3 to December 1. Vita ree: *A5. Trees and Shrubs of Greater New York: Fall Course. —Ten outdoor lessons in the parks and woodlands of Greater New York on the characteristics of our common trees and shrubs, both native and cultivated, emphasizing their distinguishing features in the winter condition. Fee, $5. Saturdays, 2:30 p.m., October 2 to December 11. (Onvutting November 27.) The first session will be held at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Dr. Graves and Miss Vilkomerson. Al0. Evergreens.—Eight outdoor lessons: American pines; Old World pines ; cedar and hemlock; spruce and fir; yew, crypto- meria, and umbrella pine; cypress family ; broad-leaved evergreens. Fee, $4. Wednesdays, 10:45 to 12:00 noon, September 29 to No- vember 17. Dr. Gundersen. Al13. Wild Flowers and Ferns of the New York Region.— Six sessions. Field identification of the common plants of woods and roadsides, including identification of seeds and fruits. Lee, $3. Saturdays, 2:30 p.m., September 18 to October 23. Miss Rusk. Al4, Flower Arrangement.—A course of five lectures and demonstrations. The selection and use of plant material and con- tainers, the principles of color and design in flower arrangement, the various types of period arrangements, and table settings for formal and informal occasions. The last session will consist of a criticism of arrangements made by members of the class. Flow- ers will be supplied for class use. Fee to non-members, $4; to members, $2. Wednesdays, 4 p.m., October 6 to November 3. Mrs. Merrill. A24. Beginning Course in Fall Greenhouse Work.—Five sessions, Lifting flowering plants from garden, potting up, and cutting back for winter flowering; discussion of artificial and nat- ural methods of plant propagation; making cuttings; lecture on bulb culture; types; planting tulips, hyacinths, narcissus ; demon- 358 stration of other forms of plant propagation; potting up rooted cuttings ; potting on a house plant; planting calla lies and [aster lilies. Class limited to 40 members. /*ee to non-members, SS; to members, $3.50 laboratory fee. Wednesdays, 10:30a.m., Oc- tober 15 to November 10. Miss Shaw and Miss Dorward. *A31,. Ornamental Shrubs. outdoors in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, for the purpose of be- ight sessions, which are held coming acquainted with the common species and varieties of culti- vated shrubs. Fall flowers and fruits of ornamental shrubs and small trees, also evergreen shrubs, are studied. This is a continua- tion of the spring course. Fee, $5. Wednesdays, 4:00-5:15 p.m, Sept. 22 to Nov. 10. Mr. Doney. A40. Botany in Your Garden.—l*ight lectures and discus- sions on fundamental processes in plant life as applied to garden- ing and horticulture. Designed especially for those interested in amateur gardening. /’ec, $4. Tuesdays, 11 am., October 26 to December 14. Dr. Svenson. A41. Planning and Planting the Small Place.—A course ot five illustrated talks for those who have small grounds and gardens and wish to plan them to the best advantage for beauty and use. Soth town and country plots will be considered with detailed dis- cussion of landscaping and planting problems. /I’ediesdays al 11:00, January 12 to February 9. Fee to members $4, non- members $6. Miss Helen Swift Jones, Member American Society of Landscape Architects, Guest Speaker, and Mr. Montague Free. SPRING COURSES *AQ,. Trees and Shrubs of Greater New York.—Ten outdoor lessons in the parks and woodlands of Greater New York. Sim- ilar to A5, except that the different species are studied in their spring and summer conditions. Fee, $5. Saturdays, 2:50 p.m, April 16 to June 18. Dr. Graves and Miss Vilkomerson. All. Wild Flowers and Ferns of the New York Region.— Six sessions, in the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and in the wood- — ands near the City, for field identification of flowers and ferns of spring and early summer. Jee, $3. Saturdays, 2:30 p.m., April 30 to June 4. Miss Rusk. Bek, A20. Garden Plants and Flowers.—A course of lectures, il- lustrated with lantern slides and living plants, with accompanying tours in the Botanic Garden to see the plants or flowers under discussion. To derive the most benefit from the course, one should have a knowledge of the elements of gardening equivalent to that presented in Courses Al or A25. The following dates have been chosen to accord with the time when the particular plant group 1s at its best in the Garden. —" Ornamental Mrees.cwewlay 4 Is o.~tnceeeeee see May 25 Rock Garden Plants ...May 11 Ornamental Shrubs ...June 1 PAGS int as Ne eee os Mase I6. INO8€S ~s0scs aioe ee June 8 A limited number of bearded iris plants will be available for distribution to those taking the course. Fee, $5; single exercises, $1. Wednesdays in May and June, 11:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Mr. Free, Dr. Gundersen, Dr. Reed, Mr. Doney. A25. Fundamentals of Gardening.—A course in first prin- ciples, for those w — 10 desire to carry on practical work in their own gardens. The lessons are as follows: planting seed in the greenhouse; pricking out seedlings in the greenhouse; the garden soil; outdoor lesson. Class limited to 60 persons. Ice to non- members $7 (including laboratory fee) ; to members, $2 laboratory fee. Wednesdays, 10:30 aan., March 2 to April 6, omitting March 16. Miss Shaw and Miss Dorward. A26. Advanced Spring Garden Work. (Jor those who have taken A25.)—Lessons include the sowing of seeds of perennials, potting on and staking fall-sown annuals; talk on herbaceous borders, art lesson—imaking a workable plan of an herbaceous border; sowing seeds of slower growing annuals and_ biennials ; talk on pruning and general care of flowering shrubs; pricking out perennials; talk on care of the lawn; pricking out seedlings. An extra session may be necessary to finish pricking. Class lim- ited to 40 persons. Fee to non-members, $8; to members, $3.50 laboratory fee. Fridays, 10:30 am., February 18 to March 25. Miss Dorward. *A30. Ornamental Shrubs: Spring Course.——Ten outdoor meetings on the grounds of the Botanic Garden. * peel = ‘he principal flowering shrubs and small trees are considered at their times of 360 flowering, emphasis being placed on their uses in landscape work, their cultivation, and distinguishing characters. Fee, $5. Wed- nesdays, 11:00 aan., April 13 to June 15. Mr. Doney. A32. Families of Flowering Plants.——Ten outdoor sessions in the Botanic Garden. This course takes up chiefly the structure f flowers and their possible lines of evolution; and the character- istics of important families of flowering plants. (Not offered in 1936.) Dr. Gundersen. A37. Lilacs in Flower.—|I*ive outdoor lessons in the Garden where the unusually comprehensive collection affords opportunity for the study of about fifteen species and a large number of varie- ties of lilacs. In the ast lesson, culture and propagation are studied. Cuttings, which become the property of those taking the course, are prepared for rooting. fee, $2.50. Four Wednesdays and one Monday, 10:45 to 12:00 noon, May 4, 11, 16, 18, and June 8, Dr. Gundersen and Mr. Free. A38. Plant-Animal Links in the Chain of Life.—Three il- lustrated lectures on the divergent but interdependent evolution of the two great lines of life: (1) Water plants and water animals. (2) Land plants and cold-blooded animals. (3) Flowering plants and warm-blooded animals. No fee. MWednesdays, 4 p.n., March 9, 16 and 23. Dr. Gundersen. A39. Herbaceous Plants.—Ten outdoor lessons in the Gar- den, to study the characteristics of the principal ornamental peren- mials and annuals as they come into flower. These include the Pink, Buttercup, Poppy, Mustard, Saxifrage, Rose, Pea, Primrose, Mint, I*igwort, Composite, Lily, Amaryllis, and other plant fam- ilies. Fee, $5. Wednesdays, 4-5:15 pan., April 13 to June 15. Dr. Gundersen. — B. Courses for Teachers These courses have been accepted by the Board of Education of New York City for ‘in-service credit,” one credit being granted for each 15 hours (with the exception of “ B&, Plant Culture ’’). Through an agreement with Long Island University, undergradu- ate credit for certain courses will be allowed toward fulfilling the requirements for a university degree, provided the admission re- quirements at the University and the laboratory requirements have BOL been fulfilled. Such courses are starred (*). By special arrange- ment with the institution concerned, these credits have also been used as undergraduate credits in other colleges and universities. Nature materials used in the courses, and plants raised become the property of the student. Members of the Garden are entitled to a 50 per cent. discount from the regular fee for all “ B” courses; from other persons the indicated fee is required. Long Island University students desirous of electing any of these or of the “A” courses should notify Dean Tristram W. Metcalfe or Dr. Ralph H. Cheney, who will give the candidate a card entitling him to admission to the course, The student should present this card at the beginning of the first session of the course. Bl. General Botany.—A two-year course of thirty two- hour periods (class and laboratory combined) each year. One year (A) is spent on the structure and functions of the higher plants. The other year (B) deals with the structure, life histories, and relationships of the lower groups: bacteria, algae, fungi, lichens, mosses, and ferns. Four credits each year. Either half of the course may be taken first. In 1937-38, B will be given. Fee, $10 each year. Wednesdays, 4-6 p.m., beginning September ae Miss Rusk. B2 (a). Economic Plants in their Relation to Geography.— A thirty-hour course in fifteen two-hour sessions, designed pri- marily for teachers of geography and nature study. Lessons will be given on the more important food plants of the world, and those used for clothing, shelter, and other needs of mankind. When possible, illustrative material will be given to members of the class. During the fall of 1937, this course will be offered in place of Fall Nature Study. Two credits. Fee, $10. Tuesdays, 4-6 p.m., beginning September 28. Miss Hammond. B2 (b). Spring Nature Study.—A thirty-hour course in fif- teen two-hour sessions. This course is based on the New York City Syllabus in Nature Study. Miss Farida Wiley, of the Amer- ican Museum of Natural History, will conduct a field lesson on bird study on a date to be announced. Two credits. fee, $10. Tuesdays, 4-6 pim., beginning February 8. Miss Hammond. 362 B3. Elements of Horticulture.—Thirty sessions. For teach- ers only. Lessons in potting and general care of house plants; methods of plant propagation, including the planting of bulbs; making cuttings (soft wood, and leaf); sowing seeds; preparing for the outdoor garden. Most of this work is carried on in the greenhouses. Emphasis will be laid on problems of a practical nature. ‘Two credits. fee, $10. Wednesdays, 4 p.an., beginning September 29. Miss Shaw and Miss Dorward. *B13-14. Trees and Shrubs.—Twenty trips in the parks anc woodlands of Greater New York, to gain a ready acquaintance foes with the trees and shrubs of the eastern United States. 2 credits. Fee, $10. Saturdays, 2:30 p.m., Oct. 2 to Dec. 11 (omitting Nov. 2/); and April 16 to June 18, 1938. Dr. Graves and Miss Vilkomerson. B7. Greenhouse Work.—Thirty sessions. For teachers only. A continuation of Elements of Horticulture and open. to students who have taken that course. Further study of plant propagation methods; arrangement of plants in hanging baskets, window boxes, dishes, etc.; special culture of certain house plants and winter-flowering greenhouse plants. Two credits. Fee, $10. Tuesdays, 4 p.m., beginning October 5. Miss Dorward. B8. Plant Culture——.\ course of twenty weeks duration for those who have completed [Elements of Horticulture and Green- house Work. No Board of Iducation credits are given for this course. (a). Section A is for those people who have already taken B&. (b BS, and consists of a series of lectures on plant operations in the s is for students who have never taken . Section — outdoor garden, as well as greenhouse work. Fee, $10. Thurs- days, 4 p.m., beginning October 14. Miss Shaw and Miss Dorward. “B10. Flowering Plants: Field and Laboratory Study.— Thirty sessions. The object of this course is to become acquainted with species of wild flowering plants, including weeds. Field and laboratory work are distributed according to the weather, the sea- son, and the needs of the class. The field work is done in the 3rooklyn Botanic Garden. The laboratory work consists of com- pany varing similar plants and learning how to distinguish them: press- ] ton) ton) S ’ ing, drying, and mounting plants to serve as permanent specimens. 363 Four credits. Fee, $10. Thursdays, 4-6 p.m., beginning Sep- tember 23. Miss Rusk. B17. Genetics——An introductory course in heredity and variation, including discussion of Mendelian principles, the phys- ical basis of heredity, sex linkage, factor linkage, factor interac- tion, and quantitative inheritance. Laboratory work on plant ma- terial and Prosophila. Prerequisite: an elementary course in botany. (Not given in 1937-38.) Miss Rusk. C. Children’s Courses More than thirty separate courses are given Saturday mornings for boys and girls from eight to nineteen years old in the spring fall, and winter. ; The children are grouped according to age and experience. For example, under I (below), twelve separate courses are given; under II, four separate courses; under III, fourteen. Under IV, the Outdoor Garden, 200 children are working from late April to mid-September, This does not represent one course, but many courses combined under one heading, ‘ The Outdoor Garden.” Miss Shaw and Assistants. I, The Fall Course takes up nature study on the grounds; plant propagation in the greenhouses, using stem and leaf cuttings ; bulbs and corms; making of terrariums and dish gardens. En- rollment limited to 175 children. Fee, ten cents. Saturday morn- ings, 9-11:15, October 16 to December 18. II, Winter Course.—Children who have shown unusual! ability are chosen from the fall group f¢ Group limited to 50. No fee. Saturday mornings, 9-11:15, Jan- uary 15 to February 26. III. Spring Course.—Nature study and preparation for the outdoor garden, including studies of seed germination, seed sowing in the greenhouse, and the making of garden plans. All candi- 1 early winter work. 7 dates for the outdoor garden must be in spring classes. [nroll- ment limited to 200. I’ee, ten cents. Saturday mornings, 9- 11:15, March 12 to April 9. IV. Outdoor Garden Course.—The outdoor garden is open throughout the summer season, and time is arranged to fit in with 364 children’s vacation schedules. No child is assigned an outdoor garden who has not had the spring preparatory work. Group lim- ited to 200 children. lee, twenty-five or thirty-five cents depend- ing on the size of the garden. The garden session begins April 23. D. Course for Student Nurses D1. General Botany with Special Reference to Medicinal Plants.—A course of 10 spring and 10 fall lectures, demon- strations, and field trips for student nurses. Arranged 1 — _ 1 ‘€O= operation with various hospitals. The general principles govern- ing the life of plants, as well as the use and care of flowers and potted plants in the sick room, will be considered. Special atten- tion will be paid to the outdoor identification of officinal plants. Hours to be arranged. No fee. Dr. Graves. E. Investigation 1. Graduate Work for University Credit By the terms of a cooperative agreement between New York University and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, properly qualified graduate students may arrange to carry on independent investiga- tions in botany at the Garden under the direction of members of the Garden Staff, who are also officers of instruction in the Grad- uate School of the University. The advantages of the library, laboratories, herbarium, and collections of living plants at the Garden are freely at the disposal of students registered at New York University for such work. Such properly enrolled graduate students are charged no additional fees by the Garden. The fol- lowing courses are approved by the faculty of the Graduate School of New York University and are given credit as full courses: E6. Research in Mycology and Plant Pathology.—Investi- gation of problems relating to fungi and fungous diseases of plants. Dy. dkeed, E8. Research in Forest Pathology.—Investigation of the diseases of woody plants. Di, Graves E9. Research in the Structure of Flowers. Dr. Gundersen. poet 305 E10. Research in the Systematic Botany of the Flowering Plants. Dr. Svenson. 2. Independent Investigation The facilities of the laboratories, conservatories, library, and herbarium are available to qualified investigators who wish to carry on independent researches in their chosen field. There is a charge of $25 per year, payable to the Botanic Garden. COOPER MELON WITH LOCAL SCHOGOES anny The Brooklyn Botanic Garden aims to cooperate in every practi- cable way with the public and private schools of Greater New York in all matters pertaining to the study of plants and closely re- lated subjects. The purpose of the Garden in this connection is to supplement and enrich the school work in the way of instruction, demonstration methods, study material, ete., which otherwise would not be available. Geography classes, as well as classes in nature study and botany, find the collection of useful plants in the Economic Plant House, the Local Flora Section, the Japanese Garden, and also the Merid- ian Panel, the Armillary Sphere, and the Labeled Boulders, valu- able adjuncts to their class work. Arrangements may be made by teachers of geography to have their classes study these collections under guidance. Illustrated lectures for geography classes may also be arranged for at the Garden. To visiting college classes in geology and physiography the Bo- tanic Garden offers interesting material for a study of glaciation. Notable features are a portion of the Harbor Hill terminal moraine (Boulder Hill), the morainal pond (the “ Lake’), the labelled Je boulders, and the Flatbush outwash plain. See Guide No. , The Story of our Boulders: Glacial Geology of the Brooklyn — ane Garden.” Talks at Elementary Schools.—The principals of public or ave talks given at the — private elementary schools may arrange to schools on various topics related to plant life, such as school gar- dens and garden work with children, tree planting, the conservation 366 of wild flowers, Arbor Day, ete. If an illustrated lecture is de- sired, the lantern and operator must be provided by the school, but shdes will be furnished by the Botanic Garden. Address the Curator of Elementary Instruction for a list of talks and for ap- pointinents. Talks at Secondary Schools and Colleges.—Informal illus- trated talks on various subjects of an advanced botanical nature are always gladly given at Secondary Schools and Colleges by Arrangements for such talks should be members of the staff. made with the Curator of Public Instruction. School Classes at the Garden.—(a) Public or private schools may arrange for classes, accompanied by their teachers, to come to the Botanic Garden for illustrated lectures either by the teacher or by a member of the Garden Staff. (b) Notice of such a visit should be sent at least one week previous to the date on which a talk is desired. Blank forms are provided by the Garden for this purpose. These talks will be illustrated by lantern slides, and by the conservatory collection of useful plants from the tropics and subtropics. Fall and. spring. announcements of topics will be issued during 1937-38. (c) The Garden equipment, including plant material, lecture rooms, lantern, and slides, is at the disposal of teachers who desire to instruct their own classes at the Garden. Arrangements must be made in advance so that such work will not conflict with other classes and lectures. For High School and College classes address the Curator of Public Instruction. For Junior High and Ele- mentary School classes address the Curator of Elementary In- peal struction, (d) The principal of any elementary or high school in Brooklyn may arrange also for a series of six lessons on plant culture to be given to a class during the fall or spring. A small fee is charged to cover the cost of the materials used. The plants raised become the property of the pupils. The lessons are adapted for pupils above the third grade. Special classes for the blind may be arranged. A week’s notice is asked so that plant material in sufficient amount may be ready. 367 Seeds for School and Home Planting.—Penny packets of seeds are put up by the Botanic Garden for children’s use. In the early spring, lists of these seeds, order blanks for teachers and — pupils, and other information may be secured on application to the Curator of Elementary Instruction. Demonstration Experiments.—Teachers may arrange to have various physiological experiments or demonstrations con- ducted at the Garden for the benefit of their classes. Communica- tions in regard to these matters should be addressed to the Curator of Public Instruction. Loan Sets of Lantern Slides——Sets of lantern slides have been prepared for loan to the schools. Each set is accompanied by a short lecture text of explanatory nature. In all cases these sets must be called for by a responsible school messenger and re- turned promptly in good condition. Address, by mail or tele- phone, Mr. Frank Stoll. The subjects now available are as fol- lows. Other sets are in preparation. te Plant dade 4. Fall Wild Flowers 2. Spring Wild Flowers 5. Forestry 3. Common Trees 6. Conservation of Native Plants Study and Loan Material for Elementary Schools.—To the extent of its facilities, the Botanic Garden will provide, on request, various plants and materials for nature study. As far as pos- — sible this material will continue to be supplied gratis to elementary schools in case one or more of their teachers are members of reg- ular Botanic Garden classes. Kequests should be made to Miss Elsie T. Hammond, and material should be called for at the In- formation Booth on the ground floor, STUDY AND LoAN MATERIAL FoR HicuH ScuHoors, Junior Hien SCHOOLS, AND COLLEGES Available at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1937-1938 The Botanic Garden is able to supply various plants and plant parts for study; certain protozoa; sterilized nutrient agar; and also material and mounts for exhibit purposes. When containers are 368 necessary, as in the case of agar, algae, and protozoa, they must be furnished by the school. In the past, the Garden has offered this service gratis, but both on account of the increasing demand and because of the decrease in appropriations, it has become necessary to make a small charge for the material supplied or loaned. A Price List of the various materials furnished will be mailed on request. Requests should be made by mail or telephone (PRospect 9-6173), at least one day in advance, to Dr. Elizabeth Marcy, anc the material should be called for at Room 204. oar All exhibit ma- terial, and other items starred (*) will be mailed if the schools pay postage. LIVING MATERIAL—PLANTS Algae: 1. Spirogyra, *Pleurococcus, Oedogonium, Vaucheria, Hy- drodictyon, Desmids, Oscillatoria, Scenedesmus. conjugating—preserved material. Bacteria: 3. *Slant cultures of Azotobacter, B. coli, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas radicicola, Sarcina flava, Serratia marcesans, Chromobactertum violaceum. 2. *Spirogyra Fungi: Plus and minus strains of bread mold (Rhizopus nigri- cans). 4. *Spores for inoculation. 5. Cultures of — ach strain. (Molds should be grown on potato dextrose agar.) 6. Petri dish inoculated with both strains showing lines of zygospores. Liverworts: Thallus only—7. Marchantia. 8. Conocephalum. Vhallus with gemmae cups—9. Marchantia. Mosses: 11. Protonema. 12. Felt. Fern Allies: 14. Selaginella plants. Ferns: 15. Prothallia. 10. Lunularia. 13. Felt with capsules. 16. Small ferns showing rhizome and roots. 17. Fern fronds with spores—various species. Gymnosperms: 18. * Pine seeds. 19. *Cones, ing need 20. Twigs show- poe e arrangement—various evergreens. Angiosper US. Plants: For photosynthesis experiments; 21. Coleus. 22. Tradescantia. Geranium, 23. green, 24. silver. With fleshy leaves: 25. Bryophyllum. 26. Sedum. Insectivorous: 27. Sundew. 369 Water: 28. Elodea. 29. Duckweed. Sensitive: 30. Mimosa pudica. Leaves: 31. Sedum, Sansevieria, Coffee, and others. For plant propagation. 32. Bryophyllum. Stems: 33. *Twigs to show opposite and alternate leaf-arrange- ment, thorns, terminal buds, etc., 9-12”. 34. *Corn or sor- ghum stems dried. Cuttings: (Unrooted or rooted). 35. Tradescantia. 36. Be- gonia. 37. Geranium. 38. Coleus. ceeds: * For germination studies: Castor bean, corn, garden beans, lupine, peas, squash. * For study of root hairs: Oats, radish, sorghum, wheat. 40. Seedlings in paper cups—any of preceding (No. 39). 41. Terrarium material when available. Material for the study of genetics: 42. *Sorghum seeds giving F, seedlings showing Mendelian ratios : Red and green seedling color (3:1)—seeds for parents and F,. Normal and albino seedlings—lethal factor (3: 1). Dihybrid ratio—red, green, normal, albino. 43. *Pea seeds of tall and dwarf strains. 44, Seedlings of any of the above. 45, Drosophila—wild type, white, sepia, vestigial. LIVING MATERIAL—ANIMALS Protozoa (cultures not pure but desired form predominates) : 46. Cultures of Amoeba, Actinosphaerium, Blepharisma, Para- moecium bursaria, Spirostomum, Vorticella, Stentor. 47. Cultures of Paramoecia, Euglena. 48. Mixed cultures of Protozoa. Other animal material: 49, Daphnia. 50, Drosophila. 51. Hydra. STERILIZED AGAR 52. Petri dishes, test tubes, or flasks, sent in clean and dry, one week in advance will be filled with sterile nutrient agar, or with potato dextrose agar for the study of bacteria and molds. 370 SPECIMENS AND MOUNTS FOR EXHIBIT Illustrating the principles of genetics: Pea seeds illustrating a dihybrid ratio (wrinkled, smooth, yel- low, green). 53. In vials. 54. Riker mount. 55. Jimson weed (Datura)—imount to show F, segregation of spiny and smooth pods. Corn showing monohybrid and dihybrid ratios : Ears of parents and F,—seed of F, in vial un- mounted. 57. Same mounted in glass covered display case. 58. I*, ears in glass tubes—for counting kernels. 59, Sorghum—Hybrid vigor—Riker mount of parents and F,. 60. Sorghum—Inheritance of seed color—Riker mount. 61. Oats—Mendelian inheritance of hull color—Riker mount. 62. Snapdragon—Inheritance of flower color—Riker mount. Economic plants: 63. Bundles of cereal grains (barley, oats, rice, rye, sorghum, wheat ). 64. Test tubes of cerca 65. Types of cereal grains—Riker mount. Riker mount. — grains—threshed. 66. Types of wheat Fungt and plant diseases: Bracket fungi: 67. Unmounted. 68. Mounted in cardboard boxes with cellophane covering. Leaves showing leaf spot diseases (rusts, mildews, and others). 69. Unmounted. 70. Mounts covered with cellophane. 71. Riker mount—specimens of six diseases. Smut of oats or wheat, or ergot of rye. 72. Unmounted. 73. Displayed in test tubes. Mosses and Ferns: Mounts covered with cellophane. 74. Life history of a moss plant—Polytrichum commune. Lycopodium plants with sporophylls—/75. Unmounted. 76. Mounted. 77. Small fern showing rhizome, roots, buds, leaves—mounted. 78. Fertile and sterile fronds—various fern species—nounted. Anglosperms: Pressed leaves—79,. Loose. 80. Mounts covered with cello- phane. 371 81. Riker mount of 12 leaves SRO different types. 82. Riker mount showing leaf modifications Fruits of trees, flowering plants, weeds, lotus pods—83. Loose. 84. Riker mount to show methods of seed dispersal. BUREAU OF PUBLIC INFORMATION Consultation and advice, and the facilities of the library and herbarium are freely at the service of members of the Botanic Garden and (to a limited extent) of others with special problems relating to plants or plant products, especially in the following subjects : 1. Plant diseases and determination (naming) of fungi. 2. Plant geography and ecology. 3. Determination of flowering plants. 4. The growing of cultivated plants and their arrangement; also their adaptation to soils, climate, and other factors. 5. The care of trees, shrubs, and lawns, and general gardening problems. Inquiries should be directed to the Curator of Public Instruc- tion, preferably by letter. Determination of Specimens.—lf the identification of plants is desired, the material submitted should include flowers, and fruit when obtainable. Identification of a single leaf is often impossible. I*or identification of plant diseases, representative portions of the part diseased should be sent. DOCENTRY To assist members and others in studying the collections, the services of a docent may be obtained. Arrangements should be made by application to the Curator of Public Instruction one week in advance. No parties of less than six adults will be conducted. This service is free of charge to members; to others there is a charge of 50 cents per person. For information concerning mem- bership in the Sotanic Garden see pages i-i1 of this PROSPECTUS. Ore MEETINGS OF OUTSIDE ORGANIZATIONS The Brooklyn Botanic Garden is glad to welcome outside or- ganizations wishing to hold meetings at the Garden, provided the general purpose of the organization is closely allied to that of the Botanic Garden (e.g., Botanical Groups, Garden Clubs, Nature Study Clubs, Conservation organizations, etc.), or that the specific purpose of the meeting is of mutual interest and advantage to the organization and the Botanic Garden. Meetings must always be arranged for in advance. A folder giving full details, and an application blank may be had by addressing The Custodian. INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI A, a A. S., Annual Meeting of the, Adult Courses, 65 American Narcissus sociation, 36 American Philosophical Society, 40 Attendance, 13 Cun “62, 64 Growers As- Bae percen Bar New pened ‘elgh, C,, 98 Ber , Hele: 34 Beauest and Gigs 35 o the Br ooklyn Botanic Gar« Company, 18 Je Qu. Cn, ” Ro s of, Preceding p. 11 Birc ee Clu b of Being 68 B pine Gardens of the World: Ma- ials for a History, 14 ety a oe 32 , 36 jar ae Garden Publica- 1936, Report on, 131 31 m 78 eres a “Information 69 Butler Cup, Cary, Mrs. W es 27 Cary, 99 aT Au Nur Ralph am ut Breeding Work in 1936, 47 ‘hi tee s Garden, ane Special ie for, 106 Chinese Ce Disease Resist- ance of the, 54 Ching, R. 6 City, The Botanic Garden and_ the, Preceding p. 11 Clat I, eee itrice, 34, 71 Class 8 Cocos Tene ol, C of Hes and T che Pharmacology, Gon ife Conlin, Marie Ee AY Conservatories, 18, 82 Attendance at, 04 Contributions and eco Se ea 67, ith Feder al ee ernment Agencies, e 132 er Organizations, 27 Cio29 it 97 ei ee for, 77 tie eae Brooklyn 19306, 1 De Ma Department of Botany, 67 1, Pa Dicct eas The Classification of, ) Director, Report of the, 11 Donee ‘Gale F., 34 Dorwar d, Margaret ae wil Downer, Henry E., Ecology, 131 een Elementary, 23 Public, 21 Ie ine ns Re hae Report of rator of, 71 dothia parasiti ica, 47 IE Taclawement Fund, Children’s, : sriophorum Cape, 36 ee its, 69, 78, 84, 91 1 Mural Activities, 23 106 Fahnestock, Gat a Fairchild, Paul ay IFarminedale Iris rn 45 i ‘ern Work, 98 ield ee for 1936, Report of — ors Conte 936, 129 oes 7 ee Siavement for 1936, 102 Flowe “r Days, 10W, International, 31 Harriet, 15 poeeaih, of 374 2 a un I'rothingham Bequest, < Gager, C. Stuart, 6, 39 Gailer, Evelyn M., . a aU 1205 Island, ol Ge 132 Cent ins, Wa - Colors of, 91 Gifts Rec cived Dari ng 1930, 105 Graduate Students and Independ ent Inv fewer Enrolled = During 1936, 47 Graves, Arthur Harmount, 47, 71 Greenhouses, the educational, 7. Gronen, Hamilton br . 36 (cundersen, Alfred, 60, 80 oe) Chestnut Hybrids Hamden, os Species, Varieties, and g at, sy . Marion, 67 Healtl 1, Department of, 65 Fe eesnitt ttel, Hazel, 99 pens 2 Accessions and Distribution, 88 for 1936, Report of the Curator of , 86 ae Hite ing gs and Company, 18 teciccad Section, 17, 8 1936, Report of Horticulturist for the, 81 a eiaronal Flower Show, 8&4 45 Collections 79 Jay 80 Soft Rot of the Rhizome, 45 Jansson, Gustav S., 34 Japanese Garden, 16 Jennis H. M., 52 Je : e spital, 68 Toren W liam E., 33, 95 Junior Garden Conference, 72 Knapp, H. B., 44 Label S, or 1936, Report on the, 92 Statistical Report on the, 95 Lilac ‘Area, 82 ; ilacs, 76 Am npus, Anne, r incoln, Mrs * oy M., 99 Loans, Interhbrary, local Flora Section, ’ Ee v She in peooncties and rarden Marey, Pag Botanical es 43, 65 Mar shall, Nestenstn, Philip, 34 dicina and Culinary Plant rarden, rarden, 84 Members, List of, 136 Membership, 35 ation Concerning, Preced- ing Pi Sifileees of, Preceding p. ll Out-ot- Town, Preceding p. ll Summary of, 148 Memoirs, Contributions and, 132 Merchants Associ 2 Millet, Te. Siz 86 Mutation in Nature, 59 Narcissus Bulbs, 3¢ oe “Research Covinh 49 Needs, Ne cate 98 Qat Smuts, 40, Organization Mectings at — the Garden, 1936, 130 i enr ose F ae 40 ersonnel, ee ane Wor k, I Plantati poe 12 Plant 1936, Re om Xeport on, 131 port of the Cura- a ediaifline ie Living, 79 Police De cata it, Sere to Mona. 71 e Funds, Tax Bitoei and, s: 1937-38, 00 s by se Eons oe Personnel Duri 936, i ic tguchen aoe of the Curat tor of, 62 aia Editorial Work and, 69 oe Maud H., oe . Wilham A., 32 PWA "ys Radio ee Club Field Day, 68 Ta Kass by the Botanic Garden Person- nel During 127 1936, Rau sch, Mr., ree for rn 77 Botanic Garden, Record, Brooklyn 132 Reed, George M., 33, 39, 45, 79 Xeimer Rees 3 Report of the Brooklyn Botanic retaee 1936, Twenty-Sixth An- ual, 1 Research, 18 936, Reports on, 39 Re ees Investigator (Economic Plants) for 1936, Report of the oC Report of the, ( Ferns) for 1930, Q7 ol Revillagigedo Island, Rose Arc, 36, 82 Garden, ig 82 School Service, Statistics of, 66 ark ply Service, 05 Seed Exchange, 78 International, 84 Seed ists, Botanical aes Sues of Europe from Wh We ve Received, Seeds Aneel in Excl range, List of, Shaw, Ellen Eddy, 76 Signs, Labels and, 80 Smith, Floyd F., 46 Sorghum Smut Inv estigations, 43 Stanton, T. R., 40 of. B State Institute of Applied Agricul- ture on rue Isl ne 31, 44 Storrs, Mrs eee Study mate 7 Stumpp a W alter oben 30 a enson, Henry K. ranley Pe ant College, 71 3 stematic Botany, 60, 61 Section, 81 falks, Lectures, Addresses, and Papers Given bv the Botani Gar- en Personnel During ie 19 x Budget and Pane Funds, 3 oe Toh in and Soi Thrips Control, Iris, 46 Tobacco Pharmacology, Coffee and, 02 Trees ss, 77 Trustees, Officers of the Board of, 133 United States Botanic Garden, 27 Utter, L. Gordon, 41 Weigel, C. 46 White, Altre =d le 19 Woman's Auxilia 34, 30, 134 Works Progress pC aa 26 “PA. 25 Yale University School of Forestry, 68 BROOKLYN Bb OMPACN T @-: Gr Ae iD EN RECORD EDITED BY C. STUART GAGER AND THE R FOR THE { ADVANCEM ENT : SERVICE OF OF BOTANY 4 THE CITY VOLUME XXVI 1937 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY AT PRINCE AND LEMON STREETS, LANCASTER, PA. BY THE BROOKLYN INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES BROOKLYN, N. Y. LANCASTER PREss, INC., LANCASTER, PA, TABLE OF CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXVI No. 1, JANUARY Delectus Seminum, Brooklyn 1936 (List of Seeds Offered in Exchange) No. 2, APRIL The Botanic Garden and the City ..............00005. Preceding page ayia Concerning Members Rap er ge erates re Preceding page Privileges of CINDERS I Digs: shox ets wha e Wseee i e e Preceding page Forms of Bequest to the Braid Botanic Garden .... Preceding page Out-of-Town Membership Privileges ................ Preceding page Twenty-Sixth Annual ae ol ie ‘Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1936 ... Reports ofthe Director: 5c tices ed ewes peeie SE or eee loons Reports on Research ae NOB Go psnsce 5 nosh ds ausestaen Ree reer Repoct-ots ther uratero:. Public Instruction. 122 -ma vam ae Report-ottthe. Curator -of Hlementary Instruction: «0. .ier i MeO GEROtmbie Metta iaG h(E INS ct atte Oo0- deste a lea ak ee ren ener Repontrotethes PoLuculuubist. <;c2.0¢.) sa paaw outa eee ree Report of the ee Ot the Herbarium excyee-et ee eee ere ane: Report om thie RIDEALY 03, 9 idn syne tne ee ocala alee vee ee steele Statistical Report on one LADTARY itd scuasdigs yp Ree er ace Report of the Resident Investigator (Feriis ): ..coentaeeee eens Report of the Resident a oan (economic Plants) .......... Reporte OrathenlicldeSeClelary ajiucevacuwavaue cae Naeem eaerean tee en ca Statement for er sta Bla ear ah ted eee ee BUGS ete eANGCOUNLS:, cota eauceis Gal aan ake oa aaa ee Ree 2: ne vate Funds ee rate ies waa eee 3. Summary of Tee Budget for 1936 .......... Gifts Received During ete detec sessunaia'y lathansah ee kane ee ee Publications ii the Botanic Garden Personnel During 1936 ....... es, Addresses, and Papers Given During 1936 ........ Radio me ie the Botanic Garden Personnel During 1936 ........ Hicldaalanipse CONGUCTEEE i eesintted ceded acwases aera wie eh ete ess the Garden, 1936. 2.5 cow sa wedi em Report of Photographic Work 2.0.00... 2 2 ce ce eee Officers of the Board of Trustees 2.0.0.0... 0.0000 iINeimbersnot, the 2B Oaks ancseatet vad ea Ge ans Raa esa Keele Organization Meetings at Ww oman’s een Be Saale eee ates ee esgnc se cetera ets She seen oe pe se ieeeia ers ist mb By Lp Se ae ope k as chin dis oh 1. ENV See Be tne ate gianna aca Sener —_ Botanic Gardens of the World: Materials for a History Prospectus: 1937-38 Information Concerning Membership Privileges of Membership Out-of-Town Membership Privileges Regulations Concerning Photographing, Painting, and S Courses of Instruction No. lV 4 od, Cooperation with Local Schools Bureau of Public Inform: Docentry Meeting of Outside Organizations ition JuLy eea ea ae ee ae ee Cee eet ae ee a er | Sketching 2 eo re Dot Ea Peres See ys "34 tom © 1S Boy t., 9% a ee ei ? sees a af m7 v7 # Yoaratiaa, - cn _ fae ot 4 $3 ae eae = - - ’ 7", % - : ee : - | 7 a = v 3+ rs The Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES PRESIDENT EDWARD C. BLUM First VicE-PRESIDENT SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT WALTER H. CRITTENDEN ADRIAN VAN SINDEREN THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT SUMNER FORD TREASURER SECRETARY EDWIN P. MAYNARD JOHN H. DENBIGH BOTANIC GARDEN GOVERNING COMMITTEE MISS HILDA LOINES, Chairman PHILIP A. BENSON WALTER HAMMITT EDWARD C. BLUM, Ex officio WILLIAM T. HUNTER MRS. WILLIAM H. CARY DAVID H. LANMAN WALTER H. CRITTENDEN EDWIN P. MAYNARD MRS. LEWIS W. FRANCIS ALFRED E. MUDGE EX OFFICIO MEMBERS OF THE BOARD Tur Fottowinc OrriciaLs oF THE City or NEw York T E COMPTROLLER THE COMMISSIONER OF PARKS GENERAL INFORMATION MBERS HIP.—AIl] s who are interested in the objects and meter aCe of ie Biooklyn Botanic ‘Gide are eligible to membership. Members enjoy sp cial privileges. Annual Membership, $10 yearly; Sustaining Membership, $25 yearly; Life Membership, $500. ul information con scmuing me mbership m y Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. Ee lephone, Praspee THE B RDEN is open ne to ie public ae from 8 a.m. until dusk; on Sundays and Holidays it is open a ces.—On Flatbush Aan near Empire Boulevard and near Mt. Prospect Risetvon: on Washington Avene south of Eastern Parkway and near Empire Boulevard; on Eastern Parkway, west of the Museum Buildi e street entrance to the Laboratory Building i is at 1000 Washington Avenue, opposite ene Ist MEMBERS and others in studying the collections es services of a docent sy he obtained. This service is free of charge to members of the Roan Garden; to others there is a charge of 50 cents per person. rcoteemerts mus be made by ean to the Curator of Babic Instruction at least one day in To ee GARDEN Bee Broadway (B, M.T.) Subway to Prospect Park Station; Taterborotigh Subway to Eastern Parkway-Brooklyn Museum Station; Flatbush Avenue tro lley to Eiore Bodlevarde Franklin ae Lorimer Street, or Tompkins Avenue trolley to Washington Avenue; St. n’s Place trolley to Sterling Place and Washington Avenue; nigh Stieat Be Vanderbilt Avenue trolley to Prospect Park Plaza and Union Street y AUTOMOBILE from points on Long Island take Eastern Parkway west and turn left at Washington Avenue; from Manhattan, take Manhattan Bridge, follow Flatbush Avenue Extension and venue; then turn rig BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN PUBLICATIONS RECORD. Established, Tanuacy, 1912. An saminisnamiee periodical issued quarterly: % 1912-1928) ; bimo nthly (1929-1932) ; quariey (1933-). Contains, amon r things, the Annual Re eport of the director and heads of departments, special Sie ee ouncetents of courses of ‘GateNcion. seed list, guides, miscel- laneous papers, and notes concerning Garden progress and e vents. Free to mem- bers of the Garden. To others $1.00 a year. Circulates in 59 countries. MEMOIRS. Established, July, 1918. Published irregularly. Circulates in © 47 countries. Volume I. Dedication Papers: comprising 33 scientific papers presented at the dedication of the HOO pale ng and plant houses, April 19-21, 1917. 521 pages. Price $3.50, plus p olume II. The nae - Long ‘Island. Part I, The vegetation of Montauk: A study of grassland and forest. By Norman Taylor, June 11, 1923. 108 pages. Price $1.00, plus postage. Volume III. Vegetation of Mount Desert Island, Maine, and its environ- pent oh Barrington Moore and Norman Taylor, June 10, Wad 151 pages.. rice’ CONTRI IBUTIONS. eee April 1, 1911. Papers originally published in periodicals, feeucd as paprate without change of paging, and numbered consecutively. Twenty-five numbers ‘constitute one volume. Price 25 cents each, $5.00 a volume. Ciceulates in 34 coun No. 73. Studies of the root ari organisms of certain wild legumes. 19 Caoe oe he effects of radium rays on plants: Résumé of the more important ee as 1901 to 1932. 27 pages. 1936 No. 75. Inheritance of resistance to the loose and covered kernel smuts of Sorghum: I. Dwarf Yellow Milo hybrids. 20 pages No. 76. Inheritance of resistance to the loose and covered kernel smuts of Sorghum: II. Feterita hybrids. 23 pages. 1937. AFLETS. Established, April 10, 1913. Published weekly or biweekly during April, May, June, September, and O The purpose of aflets is primarily to eis announcements concerning flowering and other plant activities o be seen i arden near the date of issue, and to give popular. elementary information about plant life for teachers e others. Free arden. To others, fifty cents a series. ngle numbers 5 eae each. Circu- lates in 28 countries. Temporarily diccuntinaen: 1936-37. GUIDES to the cole CH te Buildings. ae grounds. Price based upon cost of publication. Issued as numbe the Recorp; see above. ‘ Guide No. 5. The Rock aide 28 iisleatens Price, 35 cents. By mail, cen : 5) ae No. 6. Japanese potted trees (Hachinoki). 11 illustrations. Price, 35 cents. By mail, 40 c uide No. 7. story of our boulders: Glacial geology of ae Brooklyn Bove Garden. 22 itueeeabons: Price, 35 cents. By mail, 40 cen Guide No. 8. The story af fossil panis 8 illustrations. Price, ie cents. By mail, 40 cents. SEE pat te (Detects Seminum) Bsr aoished: December, 1914. Since 1925 issued es, r in the January number of the Ee. Circulation includes 160 botanic badicne and ineuittions located in 40 countrie OLOGY. Established, January, 1920. Published quarterly in codperation _ with the Hepracicat Society oF AMERICA. Subscription, $4.00 a year. Circulates in 48 countries. GEN oes Established, January, Ane Bimonthly. Subscription, $6.00 a year. Circulates in 37 coun