Contributions to

Western Botany
No. 18

|

Marcus E. Jones, A. M.

Claremont, California
Issued Aug. 1933 - April 1935

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF PROF. JONES
BY MABEL JONES
STOCKTON, CALIF.

Uderduee, Mat frome ie lf 4 MW. E |Toeta.
Chinen. Wen W Withee
CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 3

factors in plant development he would have got the same results in
half the time

lants
but, with it all, we are continually confronted with the factor of
sporting along senseless lines, in our attempt to explain natural

and making nests for their larvae, and neglecting simple precaution

against fly-blowing their prey, showing that everywhere in Nature
rtupidity prevails in the propagation and preservation of living
forms,

ity,

just as the synthesis of the animal and vegetal hydrocarbons is

the more these complex forms are resolved.

There is no doubt in my own mind that by proper control of
conditions much of the sporting of living forms can be controlled,
and the development of new forms can be hastened and directed,
but at last analysis we are up against some form of determinative
evolution, In the event of a perfect understanding of all grow
ing conditions we may find a quantitive law behind it all, but I se-
riously doubt that we can ever find a quantatitve explanation for
life. Gray put it well when he said that evolution can account

fact. How else can we account for the wonderful development
of sugarcane, bananas, and seedless citrus fruits, allof which are

incapable of self-propagation?
Some people forget some facts about animals. JItis the gen-

“EX LIBRIS
| JOSEPH EWAN

4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

eral belief among es that oe — reptiles and mammals
of the Tertiary and earlie = became topheavy by over-develop-
ment and have eons faded out now agree ere being only a few waifs
left, such as the elephants, rhinocercs, hippopotamus, tigen, lions
oes
A conspicuous aan a a a, misfit is the Cacta-
cex, a family of horrid arma and wonderful floral develop-
ment, specially adapted to mint the Max th but so handicapped
by weak productive organs and inability to adjust itself to humid
conditions that it cannot become a menace. ‘The religionist will
point this out as a foo provision of an all-wise Creator, but the
ieee will reply that if He were all-wise He would not have let
uch an emergency arise, but to inh it is simply a case of a family
Sasslbe away by a craze for floral and spine development to the det-
riment of self-propagation.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 9
W. L. Jepson as a Botanical Editor.

In what the young folks of today would call the wild and
woolly past it was axiomatic editorially to be truthful, fair and in-
teresting: now the only requirement seems to be ‘‘make a story‘‘,

The result is that scientists shun reporters as they would snakes
for the average reporter shows the intelligence of a twe ve-year-
old child. i

a -
er botanists. But I never noticed exhibitions of actual viciousness
till my attention was called (July 4th. 1932) to Madrona vol.1 p.
218 July 1929, in which he publishes a letter of Parry’s written in
The facts in that case published in an April number of 1882
of the San Diego Union, and in my Cont. 17, areas follows:
I accidentally met Parry at the hotel, and he told me that Pringle

widow Orcutt, and her son Charley as cook and driver. Charley
soon became offensively insubordinate and had to'be called to time.

On our return from Ensenada we reached Tiajuana Saturday
night. I had never traveled nor collected on Sunday, and so did
not want to go in the next day, but for reason of ‘‘urgent business‘*
Parry could not wait, but promised if I would let himand Charley
go in he would send Charley right back with the team. I did not
discover, for some time, what Parry’s hurry was about till the Bo-
tanical Gazette came ont with my new rose with a new name by
the ‘thigh minded‘‘ botanical thief Parry.

So they left Sunday morning, but Charley did not return til!
Wednesday, and had his older brother, a man about my own age,
with him. Their conduct, on their arrival, indicated no good to
ue and so [ refurbished an old pistol that I-carried,:and strapped
it on me and went out and hitched upthe team. At this junc-
ture the brother sprang to the bits of the horses .and told me I
could not drive the team, I exhibited the pistol and told him to
get, and he got in a hurry, for he would have been shot if he had
n Mexico was lawless then and is not much’ better now.

Below is Jepson’s alleged account of the same incident, over
his signature. ‘There was nothing in Parry’s letter about the inci-

* poy
Se Se W. H ntchm Jon feripsct

10 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

ty was H. C. Orcutt of San Diego, assisted by his son C. R. Or-
cutt. Here it is that the younger Orcutt acquired, under the in-
fluence of Dr. Parry, an interest in collecting plants and turned
plant collector for life. Another member of the party was C. G.

ringle, a prince of plant-collectors, whose name was well-known |
to botanists everywhere‘¢.

‘“‘The Orcutts were Sabbattarians and when it came the Lordsday
they proposed, as a matter of course, that neither man nor beast
should should travel. A fifth member of the party drew a gun

ing errors and could have cited many more. It would not have

een at all out of my way to have laid bare his reputation among
us for he has alienated most of his clientele by his selfishness. |
have felt, however, that since he has announced an intention to
write a flora of California he is entitled to the field, and have crit-
icised as piracy Abrams’ attempt to enter the same field, but when
Jepson resorts to bald-faced lying and distortion of facts to
make a case one’s patience with him becomes strained.

_ Orcutt’s father was dead therefore was not a member nor the
majordomo of the party. Pringle at that time was not known
for he had not botanized in Mexico. The Orcutts were not Sabbat-
tarlans and had no scraples about Sunday travel. When the Or-
cutts tried to force me I used my gun rather than use my fists
in @ losing battle against the two men.

. JONES, AT SIXTY

EB

=
Ne

MARCU

Photo by Ledyard, 1931

MARCUS E. JONES

MARCUS E. JONES ae SUMMIT OF McDOUGAL PEAK, MONT., WITH MISS
EN AND MRS. JOSEPH CLEMENS

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY ep et

Botanists Whom I have Known.

‘With this issue I present the portraits of the botanists I have
Axnown, those worthy of consideration from my standpoint, and of
others whose work has made them notorious.

I have also contended it is a botanical crime to use tage “i
men taken after they had ceased to be effective (in old age).

-one cares to be presented in that condition, but necessity hoe
times requires it when no other photo is available.

The three men and one woman, who stand out most promi-
ently in Californian botany, have left no really good photos of
fhemselves. There is but one oo cate photo of Brandegee and
his wife, presented here. There isa fair one of ‘Parish, also pre-
sented here. There is but one phat. of myself that I would ever
care to represent me, but my friends prefer the older one, both
given here. Several others have been printed in various papers

and magazines, but none of them were satisfactory to me.
-concession to my fr iends I give the latter also

There are good photos of Gray and Watson available, but
i have found none of N Hall. Pursh, Michaux, Kellogg, Ross
Coulter, or Bessey I did not know ise paren or the earlier bot-
anists. Kellogg was the third, mentioned aboy

2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY?
Determinative Evolution.

In a recent ‘issue of Science, vol. 74 p. 559, Osborn of the*N.Y°
Nat. Hist, Museum, broaches this subject a kind of discovery of
the laws in the case. V. A. Noyes an . A. Margenau, same
vol. pp, 595-6 take exception to Compton’s suggestion along the
same line (,‘*The Uncertainty Principle‘‘) in chemistry. Osborn
says that there has been creative (‘‘determinative‘') evolution in
wnimals and heralds itas new in science. In 1923, in my revision
of Astragalus, I brought out the fact that evolution is due to

ity. It has been held for ages that God created all things. But
the great question now is ‘S What kind of a god wasit ?* The
student of plant breeding finds that plants, under stress of certain
conditions *‘sport*‘ in all directions, like a blind man feeling his

not object to honest criticism, none others need be feared. That
stupidity reigns everywhere in Nature is a self-evident fact toa
man with his eyes open.

Burbank was not much of a scientist, for had he used the known ©
factors in plant develdment he would have got the same results in
half the time. Ha . aaakeeeel

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 3

helt-thetime, It 5 arells eaowe fact that pint: growing in bas
kaline soil aevein thiek and fleshy leaves and reduced flowers,
and those growing in acid soil develop thin and broad leaves na
large flowers. Many other equally pegnlaess peer "9 know
to plant breeders and are used by them in producing ne y clents,
but, with it all, we are continually sonieiied with the factor of
sporting along ‘senseless lines, in our attempt to explain natural
processes rationally. The mentally lazy theologian will clasp his
pious hands and ejaculate “What God hath wro ough t is past find-
ing out’, but the scientist demands to know. ‘Those who claim
the creative mind behind evolution point to the exceptional and
not the common things as showing super-human intelligence,
such as the development of the ear and the nervous system, and
the blood circulation in animals. Hf the uld consider the com-
mon exhibitions of intelligence in animals, such as the absence of
group protection in whales (so conspic uously present in monkeys
and peccaries), the wonderful wasp intelligence in,paralyzing food
und making nests for their larve, and neglecting simple precaution
ugainst fly-blowing their prey, showing that everywhere in Nature
rtupidity prevails in the propagation and preservation of living
forms,

I confess to a confusion of mind in trying to recognize any-
thing newin Osborn’s ‘‘Six Principles of the New SecsoL

The only new thing is the oop . Ifis use of borrowed Greek
may seem Resales but to me it ise

I agree with Noyes and Margen that photosynthesis as an
uncertainty B sant Ande is an empty one, for it is subject to rigi

and is uncertain simply ler of its complexity,
just as the Searle of the animal and vegetal hydrocarbons is
uncertain because 2 their various responses to catalysts and tem-
peratures. ut the more care is taken to keep conditions normal,
the more these ioabler forms are resolved.

There is no doubt in my own mind that by proper control of
conditions much of the sporting of living forms can be controlled,
and the development of new forms cig be hastened and directed,
but at last analysis we are up against some form of determinative
evolution. In the event of a perfect understanding of all grow-
ing conditions we may find a cere law behind it all, but I se-
riously doubt that we can ever find a qua e explanation for
life. Gray put it well when he said ‘that evolution can account
for the a but not for its origin

t Nature is dough in the hands of Man isa well-know
fact. haw else can we account for the wonderful har Maced
of sugarcane, bananas, and seedless citrus fruits, all.ef which are
incapable of self-propagation

Some people forget some , facts about animals. Itis the gen-

4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

and whales.
A conspicuous illustration of a biological misfit is the Cacta-
cew, a family of horrid armament and wonderful floral develop-

by weak productive organs and inability to adjust itself to humid
conditions that it cannot become a m he religionist will
point this out as a special provision of an all-wise Creator, but the
scientist will reply that if He were all-wise He would not have let
such an emergency arise, but fo him it is simply a case of a family
carried away by a craze for floral and spine development to the det-
riment of self-propagation.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 5

H. M. Hall.

H. M. Hall. The recent death of this promising young bot-
anist is greatly deplored. It was ee ‘apna to ste pet che

by Clements in his early botanical wo which he seemed con-
strained to adopt some of that erra ratié ireietes foulini: terminol-
ogy. Clement’s familiarity with his mother tongue was so poor,

and his santa knowledge of Greek so great that young men
were hoodooed inte falling on line with him, adopting his termi-
nology as the most up-to-date thing in research, when in fact it
was nothing but a grandstand bluff. When an American has to go
back a thousand years to aoe express his ideas we suspect to
fir’ a screw loose in his an
Hall’s work on the nw 7 fy mts. is a painstaking piece of
work, and had he gone into it peo ogere direction he could
unravel the tangle made by Mer His ideas on ei lim-
n were nearly right, but he sa the example for a mass of
foolish oem in the species by giving names to niiitich and
f as subspecies and subgenera, which others have followed
supposing it was a new discovery instead of a piece of pure bunk.
His revisions of Bigelovia and Aplopappus {under othor names)
were good. It was amusing to see him try to resurrect —
pus. Doubtless he was led into it by his “linguistie‘‘ super
but had either of them been at all familiar with Greek they aie
have known that there is no letter ‘*h** in Greek, for it was not
eonsidered worthy of litteral rank, just being a rough breathing,
used or discarded according to the whim of the user, just as the
English of today aspirate or de-aspirate initial vowels, much to
our amusement, For example, they would spell saloon with a
‘hess, a ‘‘hay‘’, a ‘‘hell‘‘, two ‘‘hoes*‘, and a ‘th
The founder of the genus, Cassini, chose to write it Aplopap-
pus, and it remained so till Endlicher, the hair- vi cial tried to
correct it, but the botanical world has ignored him

6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY oy

Judge Ben Johnson,

The greatest penalty I know, for getting old, is to live to see
those we love pass out into the great Unknown. Ben ) wes one of
the younger sons of J. E. Johnson, of St. George Utah, bps
name will always be remembered in early botanizing in Utah, has

one. Ben was his father’s companion when he scoured the hills
for the beautiful and new species of plants that made his father
famous. Thongh born in polygamy Ben early abandoned Mermon-
ism, married and moved to Salt Lake City, where he practiced law
ws his profession till death. He became judge of the municipal

new inh to discuss every time I Visited my old home, and the
visit was not complete till we had met. Ben was in constant corre-
spondence with Burbank and other bi; owers, even in Europe,
He also grew the best Someone iris, tulips, lilies, and other show
plants for the trade, He was a very successful grower of plants,
and his whole soul was abaartind 3 inthe work. When ‘1 bade him

a last goodby he seemed as well or better than ever, and liable te
pants me many years. There is no-one left to continue his work
and his loss is irreparable.

JUDGE BEN. JOHNSO

J. E. JOHNSON

Cc. F. BAKER

DR. GEORGE VASEY

Faden (eee, ad tne ong
Dyed 1934

ALICE EASTWOOD

ERYTHEA LORETENSIS N. SP.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 7

Cc. F. Baker.

Baker undoubtedly was the most indefatigable and the most
prolific botanist in America. He cannot be said to have been in
any sense a model botanist for he burnt life’s candle at both ends
and thereby killed himself when he should have been in his prime.

He had no sense of obligation to his body, but rode it te death,
often working all night, as well as day, to deliver some promised
consignment,(Once he and his wife labeled and put up 6000 insects
in one night, for he was also an entomologist.

ever met him but he began sending me things to name,

cies published by Greene from the same collection, Recently, in

aker was what [ would call a good botanical collector, but a
sloppy scientist, for his work was not done scientifically. He
made no effort to know each species as it grew, all its varying
forms. So they have little value ecologically. Botanizing should
be an honest attempt to know the flora as it is, and not a wild
scramble to make a few extra dollars selling alleged novelties.

8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY
Alice Eastwood.

I present here the portrait of Miss Eastwood,(following my
announced plan of using photos of such in their prime, )who is
first in being the most indefatigable woman in America. There
are few botanists who know of the herculean task she set for her-
self, and simply for the love of it, the remaking of the herbarium
of the California Academy of Science, which was destroyed by the
earthquake. That herbarium ranked first in the West as the de-
pository of the types of Californian plants.

o not take much stock in hunches. they are often ballu-
cinations, but Miss Eastwood had a hunch that she should collect
all the types in the herbarium, and it soon became an obsession,
and she obeyed it. When the great quake came it did not destroy
the building but did break the water mains and so made the great
fire possible amb which soon reduced everything to ashes, Imme-
diately after the anak ale hurried to the Academy and carric<
off the precious types hen she has given her life to rebuild
the herbarium, working early and late, going everywhere, suifer-
‘ng any inconvenience and loss of time and money, just so the her-
barium benefited. When I inspected the new library and rows of

leaves will soon obscure our graves, but it will be many a day be-
magnificent work for the

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 9
W. L. Jepson as a Botanical Editor.

In what the young folks of today would call the wild and
woolly past it was axiomatic editorially to be truthful, fair and in-
teresting: now the only requirement seems to be ‘‘make a story‘*,

The result is that scientists shun reporters as they would snakes
for the average reporter shows the intelligence of a twelve-year-
old child. Jepson seems to regard this class as ideal,

I have several times called attention to his lapses and exhibi-
tions of personal spites. such as his unjust criticism of Miss East-
wood (see my Cont 13 p. 74), his slap at Mrs. Brandegee in his
mushy review of Greene, and his general unfairness toward broth-
er botanists. But I never noticed exhibitions of actual viciousness
till my attention was called (July 4th. 1932) to Madrona vol.1 p.
213 July 1929, in which he publishes a letter of Parry’s written in

“The facts in that case published in an April number of 1882
of the San Diego Union, and in m 17, are as follows:

re
widow Orcutt, and her son Charley as cook and driver. Charley
soon became offensively insubordinate and had tobe called to time.
_ On our return from Ensenada we reached Tiajuana Saturday
night. [ had never traveled nor collected on Sunday, and so did
not want to goin the next day, but for reason of ‘‘urgent business‘
Parry could not wait, but promised if I would let himand Charley
gv in he would send Charley right back with the team. I did not
discover, for some time, what Parry’s hurry was about till the Bo-
tanical Gazette came out with my new rose with a new name by
the ‘thigh minded‘‘ botanical thief Parry
So they left Sunday morning, but Charley did not return til]
Wednesday, and had his older brother, a man about my own age,
with him. Their conduct, on their arrival, indicated no good to
me and so I refurbished an old pistol that I carried, and strapped
it on me and went out and hitched upthe team, At this junc-
ture the brother sprang to the bits of the horses and told me I
could not drive the team, I exhibited the pistol and told him to
get, and he got in a hurry, for he would have been shot if he had
not. Mexico was lawless then and is not much better now.
elow is Jepson’s alleged account of the same incident, over
his signature. ‘There was nothing in Parry’s letter about the inci-
dent but Jepson lugs in the following ina footnote, as follows:
‘On this expedition there was collected large amount of new
material which has become classical. The majordomo of the par

10 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

ty was H. C. Orcutt of San Diego, assisted by his son ©. R. Or-
eutt. Here it is that the younger Orcutt acquired, under the in-
fluence of Dr. Parry, an interest in collecting plants and turned
plant collector for life. Another member of the party was C. G.
Pringle, a prince of plant-collectors, whose name was well-known
to botanists everywhere‘.

‘“The Orcutts were Sabbattarians and when it came the Lordsday
they proposed, as a matter of course, that neither man nor beast
should should travel. A fifth member of the party drew a gun

Jepson resorts to bald-faced lying and distortion of facts to

‘ CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 11

Douglas and Annual Rings.

During the summer of 1931 Douglas, of the Carnegie Inst.
at Tucson, was reported in the newspapers as saying that the an-
nual rings of trees and shrubs are true indices of the years elapsed
while they were being formed, and on this basis he made an elabo-
orate summary of the time since certain cliff dwellings were built.

f Mr. Douglas is a botanist of even ordinary education and ex-
perience in the southwest he knows that the statement is a false-
hood. I haveno sympathy with the idea that the public likes to

a
ings, a fact that I discovered when I was Secretary of the Utah
meeting of the A. A. S.

North of lat. 42° annual rings are fairly indicative of the age

its place a wet and a so-called dry season, where the lowest grow-

vegetation will start whenever there is enough moisture, 1] e
area in question there is a great mixup so there is often
enough rainfall in the spring to bring the trees into leaf, to m y
own knowledge this has been the case past ni ars

ears,
and therefore to make an ‘‘annual‘‘ ring. Then when everything
‘dries up in the hot months and takes a rest till the rainy season be-
gins, vegetation makes a new start and a new ring on the trees,
For this reason there are two rings a year, and it is a misnomer
to call them annual rings, There is another complication. There
have been two years in the last nine when over a part of the area
there was no rain in the fall, and so no ring was formed. The
desert is notorious for its spotty rainfall.
ow knowing these facts what is the sense in going before a
gaping world and chattering in terms of years about the age of the
cliff-dwellers ?.

Stated i
12 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY
P

Mrs. T..S. Brandegee.

In. these sketches of botanists whom I have known it must
not be assumed that I am attempting biographies, my aim is to
mirror to you the person as he appeared to me, and in an unvar-
nished light, for | abhor slobber, and the petty lying that passes
under the cloak of diplomacy (see Jepson’s reviews of the work of
Greene and others).

Mrs. Braudegee was Kate (Katherine) Layne, the oldest in a
family of five children. Susan was next, like Kate, a husky
und red-blooded woman of tireless energy, who married Mr. Stock-
ton and bore him nine children, and lived and died at Ramona
where her son still lives. Sophronia was next who died young.
Then Alfred the cripple was next and he also died early. The

!t ig recorded that the Laynes were of the Bolling stock, as was
Brandegee himself, 1t seems to be a law of nature that brainy

he first record of the family is of their being in Salt Lake
forties. Mrs,

It is evident that the home life was not pleasant, because of
the father's violent temper, and because of the early death of the
mother. The two older girls were so self-contained that they of-
ten fought in hair-pulling scraps, and yet to the end they dearly
loved eachother and corresponded to the end of life.

The two girls were almost opposites. Susan was very affec-

MR. AND MRS. T. S. BRANDEGEE

DR. GEORGE ENGELMANN

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 13

tionate, a home lover, a good housekeeper, an observer of the con-
ventions, a good mother, and a devout Christian. Kate was at
all times an uncompromising rebel. Her sister sometimes chided
her for the way she kept house and for her dress, but she would
tolerate no other way. To demand that she should conform to
any custom meant war to her. She interfered with no ones affair

Ww
her attitude toward the world than any woman I ever knew, and

consider him an unfortunate. I noticed the same attitude in her
reaction toward her second husband in certain things that would
make most women furious. This tolerant attitude toward us as
though we were half savages is quite agreeable to some men, but
we do not require any such treatment, for self-control is the glory
of men. I am convinced that the savage reaction toward me when
I said to her ‘You owe it to the world to let us have the story of
your life“, and she savagely turned to me and bitterly replied
**What does the world care formc ?‘*, was the cry of 2 woun-
ded heart, of one longing for recognition long over-due. ;

14; CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

To me such an attitude is childish, the Bible puts it well in’
stying ** If thou faint in time of adversity thy strength is small.‘
We all have periods of feeling unappreciated. How can it be
otherwise ? We bury ourselves in our shells and expect others to
‘hz us out, but they are too busy with their own struggles. The
only reward worth having is the consciousness that we have been
honest with the truth and done our work well. Then-we are ex-
empt from the devilish, cowardly. pussyfooting element always
whispvring in our ears the sordid things of self-interest, that poi-
son all good. It is no discredit that Kate's soul cried ‘out in an-

and herbarium, and early began publishing valuable things such as
identifications of Kellogg’s new species which relegated some of
Gray’s names to synonymy, a daring thing in those days. There

__ At will be well to recall that Greene was an Episcopalian min-
ister at Silver City New Mexico when his name was prominent in
Gray’s publications on western botany, along with many others,
such as Lemmon, Howell, Cusick, and myself.. He moved to
Berkeley as pastor there. Before long his social vices caused his:
unfrocking. He then became a rabid Catholic. It was at this
time that he was elected professor of botany at the state Univer-

After
California Academy of Science,followin ¢
; 1 g the death of Dr, Kellogg.
That this was:caused by a flareup with Greene was evident for

8 his nemeses, and she soon after got
n woman have difficulties with men

hey are vicious, but she never made anycommenton Greene when:

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 15

with me. She knew that I had called his Eschscholtzia work “bo-
tanical drivel*‘,

ince she was irreligious, one would expect to hear her rant
against, as most scoffers do, but, though she held nothing sacred,
she was scrupulously honest even in her thinking. For example,
Miss Eastwood began browsing in my field, the Navajo Basin, and
collected several species that I had discovered years before and not
described because of the incipient ruction with Gray, but now that

protect Miss E. she printed her article first, without consulting
me. Many botanists would have been sore over it for I was the

is rare.
Yon would not expect much precision in a chronic female reb-
el, but Mrs. Brandegee was a model in thoroughness in her botan-
ical work, and she put the herbarium on a sound basis both in the
mounting and arrangement of specimens. She was the author of
the wellnigh universal method of mounting specimens, which I
would not tolerate if I controlled a herbarium. The gluing of
specimens directly on the sheets, instead of by stickers is ruinous
t was i i

e
beginning of a new era, Mrs. Curran fell ‘‘insanely in love‘ with
srandegee, as she put it in a letter to her sister. It surely was a
droll affair, a most intensely masculine woman desperately in love
with the most retiring and effeminate man, and both of them dead
in earnest about it, the man too with other women buzzing around
like flies in fly-time.
It was at this time that Brandegce had a legacy of $40,000,
So they married, and if there ever was a pair of marital chuma
they were it. She never dominated him for he would not tolerate
such athing. She was not a worshiper of any man. But she
knew her place and kept it, a thing that few womendo. |

%6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

The stimulus of being united toa man with the commanding
intelleet of Brandegee was just the necessary tonic his wife needed
and she began systematic research to settle the status of all the
Calfornian plants. No one seems to know her motive behind it all
whether it was just the satisfaction of settling problems, like her
husband, but we all hoped she would publish a flora of California.

Neither she nor er husband were ecological botanists, nor
have I found any other systematic Californian botanist who knows
subjec y just tag along

was

the only one to attempt to be original, and he confused drainage
areas and ecology. Neither Brandegee nor his wife ever tried to
get the entire flora of any region. Such a thing as combing a re-
gion for everything in it never seems to have occurred to them.
This is why I found so many species of plants in Lower Cali-
fornia that Brandegee missed. No doubt he saw them as I did,
but his attention was focussed differently,
t was not long after their marriage when the Brandegees be-
gan ‘‘Zoe‘, the only highclass magazine on the Pacific Coast. It

critical work was shown by her masterly handling of Greene’s pro-
posed new species and genera. It was a coldblooded presentation
of the facts, without bias, and colorless so that no one wou ver
suppose that it was a woman that wrote it. There was no reply
possible, and all Greene could do was to call her names privately,
which he proceeded to do, Greene’s position was that. since he
was an ordained minister, any attack on his acts was a sin against
God, and the act was therefore devilish. Donbtlesss this was the
vause of his hatred for those whom he could not use, I have
found this attitude the prevailing one among ministers, though
generally camouflaged by specious verbiage.

Mrs. Brandegee was specially interested in the genera messed
over by Greene because she had worked on them with him before
the split. These, among others, were Gilia, Eritrichium, and

condition of her work when she died for her memory was so good
that little was put down in writing, and when the hand of death

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 17

Knowing Mrs. Brandgee at her best, as I did, by days of the
most critical conference, I am prepared to say that she was the
greatest woman botanist that ever lived, a genuine genius for re-
search. I] have known two such men, one a philosopher, the other
a business man, er worst sin was excessive caution, which led

lost them years before, by other martyrdoms. The discontinuance
of the journal was the end of her publications as snch, thongh
she may have overseen her husband’s issues.

The extra leisure she now enjoyed enabled her to go east to
inspect types, For two generations western botanists have been
exasperated by the relics of the Linnean slogan that no descrip-
tion shal] contain more than ten words, This stupid fad had led
Gray and Watson to make fools of themselves in describing wes-

o she started east, and made her first stop with me in Salt
Lake City where she went over many of my types, spending some
days discussing various systematic problems with me. en she
started east and got as far as St, Louis when her infirmity (diabe-
tex) became violent and she had to go home at once. Being a doc-
tor she knew that to be at home was her only salvation. A few

vinecd that there was no hope, and yet in the face of death made
no effort to put her botanical house in order. can
why because she felt she owed the world nothing. To one like my-
self who believes that our first daty is to make the world better
for our having lived in it, this seems a crime.

It was said of Mrs. Brandegee that she was beautiful in her ear-
ly days, but I doubt it because of angularity, she may have been
handsome, but too angular for beauty, but as I remember her
she was erect, showing her age (over eeventy) only in her long
gray and unkempt hair, and angularity. She had ona mother-

co

18 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Hubbard calico dress, old leather slippers and no stockings, and
her long gray hair hanging in stringlets down her shoulders.
most cases like this women so caught would flutter around and
ask to be excused to dress up for a stranger like me, but not she.

Ne apologies were necessary, I was not there to see her clothes,
though men usually take in everything visible. 1 stepped up to her
and said ‘‘Mrs. Brandegee ? Iam Jones.‘* All social matters van-
ished and we began on botany. 1t was a botanical paradise, rare
flowers blooming on all sides, mockingbirds, quail calling, and
other native songbirds making the air musical with song.
of it to her and she agreed with me, but said the climate did not
suit her health and they were too far from libraries, and they were
going back north.

she then took me into the brick herbarium and showed me the
library and botanical material, and introduced me to Bran egee.

This was my first meeting with them.

About all the femininity there was about her was her long hair
and dress, Her face was a powerful one without ruggesting domi-
nance, which instantly rouses my antagonism. It was a judicial
face, and all her conversation was the weighing of the evidence of
the validity of species of plants. There is but one other woman
that I know who has the natural capacity of Mrs. Brandegee, but
she has not yet found herself.

1 shal never get over the feeling that it was a monumental sin
for her to die when she did. There was no excuse for it. She was

sorts of hardships and privations to win our places in the world co
not always observe the laws of health, and though she is long-suf-
fering Nature makes us pay the price, and the cost to us sometimes

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 19

Neopringlea.

In his Shrubs and Trees of Mexico, Standley, in a footnote,

p 706, says the following: ‘‘perhaps the best known and most in-
dustrious of north American botanical collectors. (Pringle) It
s-

he botanized at and near Guadalajara, Mexico for nine years | got
over twenty new species therein 1930. If he had done good work
no such thing would be possible.

W. N. Suksdorf.

At this writing (October 1932) there comes news of the death
of Suksdorf, by being run over by atrain he was trying to board.

to have discovered that Greene and Rydberg are botanically
dead. One would expect to find more sense than that in a ficld
botanist, but some people are hard to convince without a club.

Suksdorf lived in the Columbia Basin most of his life, and also
was, for a time, an assistant of Gray at Harvard. He was always a
hopeless splitter.

Abrams’s Floras.

In my criticism of Abrams‘s botanical work in my Contribu-
tions No. 15 I did not discriminate between the two floras, but
my objections were chiefly to the second edition of the Los Ange-
les flora. His larger work camouflaged under the title of Pacific

20 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

NEW SPECIES AND NOTES.

ou the nerves. Segments oblong to ovate, obtuse and very thin.
Stamens included. Crests apparently none. This corresponds
fairly well with scaposum except the markings of the bulb coats
Bulbs not splitting in age. It is very likely that this has been
mistaken for scaposwm or Phlmeri. The bulb coats of Palmeri are

tum mutabile Mx. No. 29072 from below Laredo Tex.
and 29073 from Kingsville Tex., both in 1932. It is evident that
this species needs more information about it. The two characters
that seem to hold ;

21 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Allium Nuttallii Watson No. 29076, Eagle Pass Tex., 29077
Beeville Tex. and 29078 Winterhaven Tex.

Tillandsia Baileyi Rose, No, 29079 Port Isabel Tex. This is
about the type locality. It is described as having the ieaves co-
vered with a ‘‘scurf‘‘ below. This consists of innumerable con-
cave and hyaline disks with black centers, about 4 mm, diam.,
overlapping eachother. It seems to be a good species.

chenocaulon Drummondii Gray, No. 29080, Beeville Tex.

not solidified below. Pedicels 1-14 inches long. Flowers 10-15,

white, xbout 4 mm. leng, with broad petals, Pods filiform, vari-
ously kinked, finally reflexed, about 2 inches long by 1 mm. wide,
not angled but torulose, sessile, acuminate into the short style.
The stems unbranched.

Encelia lineariloba n.sp.

No, 29410, Laredo Tex. March 23 1932. A much branched and
erect and slender shrub, 2-3 feet high, growing on embankment
by the side of the road, also gathered at Dryden in 1931. Leaves
laciniately dissected into 2-3 pairs of linear-acuminate divisio g.
1-2 inches long, with revolute margins ashy-white below with mi-
nute hairs, Leaves 2-3 inches long and nearly sessile, alternate,

22 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

short flowers. Rays many, yellow, fully half an inch long. The
akenes truncate, smooth, quadrangular, slightly larger above.

. Sp.
No. 29411, on the Sabino river Mex., 80 miles west of Laredo

Tex., March 26 1932. Plants growing in tufts about3 ft, high
and erect but with many spreading branches above. Whole plant

ing and flat hairs. Branches and stema equally hairy. Plants
throughout appearing as if glutinous, Stems ending in small
clusters of few heads on short and filiform peduncles. Bracts lan-
_ ceolate and acuminate into needle-like tips, rather imbricated and

passing into those on the stems. Heads not pendulous, 6-8 mm.
long, white flowered, less than 10-flowered. Akenes 5-angled,
black, slightly pilose, about 4-5 mm. long. Pappus white and
sparse. Growing in the woods. This has the general appearance
of B. grandiflora but leaves not at all acuminate, and heads smal-
ler. Dedicated to Mr. Shiner, an enthusiastic botanist of Laredo
who accompanied me on the trip and also enabled meto get many
rare plants in the region.

leaves ovate , 2-3 inches long, short-acuminate, the lower ones

inclined to be linear-acuminate from a broad base, Flowers few,

ina coi umbel, about half an inch long. with narrowly ellipsi-
pals

Rhus Florita n. sp.
Florita mts. New Mex. Sept. 7 1903, Jones, No. 86113 Pomona
Herb. Leaflets linear, apiculate to barely acute, smooth, sessile,
he the rachis conspicuously winged. Evidently near to R. co-
pallina.

_ In the following descriptions of mostly Mexican plants, for
saving space details of locations are omitted and’ given here below
as follows: Cabo is San Luis del Cabo, 14 miles east of cape St.
Lucas Lower California, Sept. 14 and 15 1930.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY . 23

20 miles south, allin L, Cal. Guadalajara Jalisco is the city,
and LaBarranca is 5 miles southwest of it,:and Orendain 20 miles
northeast of it.

Selaginella barrancae n. sp.

La barranca Guadalajara Jalisco, Nov. 25 1930. Growing loosely
matted, in moist places in the shade, Leaves flat, almost round,
about 2mm. long, smooth, slightly imbricated at least above,
marginless and mostly blunt, but some «f the upper white-apiculate
the 1orming fertile spikes seemingly short and with imbricated
and apiculate leaves. This would at first suggest §. saccarata,
but leaves decidedly different. :

ellwa intromarginalis, of authors. Judging from herbarium
material, there is a great variation init. In yonng fronds the in-
dusium is beautifully fringed and lacerate, and in older ones it is
split up as in Cheilanthes, In Manzanillo material of my own

Polypodium Scouleri H. & G. Jepson, Man. 29, says this has
evate fronds with oblong pinnz. 1 find the fronds are normal! y
lanceolate, and rarely ovate, and from a few inches to a foot long,
and with stalks as long as thefronds, The freshly ripe fruit dots
ure lemon-yellow, very large and in age becoming blackish. The
pinne are rarely oblong, but normally nsrrowly oblong to almost
linear and obtuse and very obscurely and obtusely dentate. The
root scales are the same as in P. Californicum, that is, chestnut-

maria spicant Desv. Jepsonl. c. 34 says ‘Leaves erect!
(meaning sterile ones). I find the sterile ones are normally flat on
the ground, while the fertile ones are strictly erect from a central
tuft.

24 CUN I Kibeiiudws LO WESTEKN BOTANY

Pinus monophylla Eng. The type of this species has ent re

and single leaves, rather long-acuminate, normally 3 inches long.
Engelmann, when describing it, mentions the fact of its having 2

Juniperus.
of confusion, dae to such closet botanists ag Sargent. The chiet

trin Mexicana, Engelmann clearly places this with the big and
red fruited Californica, and has slender branches and squarrose
scales. What the Texan botanists call this species has blue and
small fruit and must belong to the occidentalis group. This has
been chopped up, on trivial characters, into three times as_ many
species as exist,
aspalum tenuissimum n. sp.

27584, on the prairie at the laguna, Laguna mts. L. Calif., low-

er temperate life zone, 6500 ft. alt., and along the down trail,

broad sheaths, the blades 1-3 inches Jong and about 1 mm. wide
Whole plant smooth. Stems 3-5-times as long as the leaves and
threadlike, and leafless above the base, terminated by a single fal-
i owers ashy-

a ve
dark ground. It is strange that Brandegee and Goldman did not
get this very common grass on the Laguna mesa. ae

‘CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN ‘BOTANY 25

‘Cyperus Guadalajaranus in. sp.

No. 27603, Guadalajara, Mex., Nov. 26 1930. Plant appar-
-ently near C. Gatesii Torr., and with the habit of aristatus. Fil-
iform annual, afew inches high and erect, and with relatively
‘broad leaves shorter than the filiform stems. Spikes capitate at

h long by 2 mm. wide, straight, a little tapering,
brilliant-chestnut colored, flat, with the scales about 1mm. long,
and with very prominent and green mid-nerve ending in a short
and rather recurved awn, withasingle nerve. Flowers rather de-
-ciduous. Seeds triquetrous and about half as long as scales.

Cyperus aristatus var perennis n. var.

A densely tufted perennial growing on the Laguna mesa along
with Paspalum n, ep. Stems and leaves about equal in length.
Flowers rarely more than 10. Scales uncinate. Plants about 4
inches high, No. 27595, Laguna mts. L. Cal., Sept 22 1930.

Cyperus Barrancae n. sp.

No. 27601a, La Barranca, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mex., Nov. 2
1930, Plants near C, Surinamensis Rottb, Whole.plant smooth,
erect, perennial, with elongated and narrow leaves. Heads yel-
Jowish, linear, about an inch long, congested at the ends of une-
qual and mostly short rays, but with 10-15 heads sessile on very
short secondary rays, Flowers early deciduons and leaving the

with only the central nerve or a trace of a ‘lateral -one, smooth,
sbout 1 mm.long. Flowers about 50, iu an arcuate head.
Fuirena Primiera n. sp.

tout style. growing in water ina little pond and along « ditch.
This is likely the same as got by Brandegee at Comondu not far
away.

Eleocharis capitata R. Br. 27606, Primiera Agua near Lore-
to L. Cal., and 27597, Borrego ranch. ‘Laguna mts. ‘L. Cal.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 26

Carex Lagunensis n. sp.
No, 27592 The Laguna Laguna mts. L- Cal. Sept. 22 1930 on d

the akenes remind one of the straminea group, though much
smaller, Plants related to C. illota

Carex longissima n. sp.
No. 27594, growing in clefts of rocks on the trail down the Lagu-
nas, in dense tufts, about the lower edge of the Middle Temperate
life zone. Stems and leaves thread-like and nearly equal. Spike
single and terminal, abont 3 inches long by 2mm. wide, chestnut
colored, flexuous, pistillate on the lower third, very dense above
with imbricated and triangular scales about 4mm, long aud closely
packed, the pistillate scales alittle wider below and inclined to be

rounded and pubescent and nerveless akene which is closel

pressed and abruptly contracted into a round beak half as Jong as

the body, the whole 3 mm. long, scattered, early deciduous.
alms,

The
In my former Contributions ] have tried to clear up the confusio
& bout the generic identity of Erythea and Washingtonia. No
; ; :

ver and seldom erred, but he spea
mon in the Lagunas, but I seare
there in vain, Washingtonia is everywhere but the otheris absent.

When not in bloom they are hard to distinguish, but the flutter-
ing of leaf-segments of W. Sonore in the constant wind at the
Cape and the green leaves and white strap-like bracts of Sonore
should identify it. Now our knowledge i i

comers, Fifty years ago seeds of edulis were planted in California
then elegans- came from So

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY at

nora and grown by Mr. Rock at San Jose. So far there is but
E. aculeata Brandegee left, but not cultivated. Watson’s charac-
terization of Erythea was a failure. I have sought good generie ones
that will hold. The floral character that I suggested falls down.
for the flowers are so small that the segments seem united but are
not in fact so. No character has any wher aarp value except
those of floral bracts and seeds, The bracts of both genera ure
split down one sile from the tip, but pean only in Washing-
tonia into a long, white and strap- shaped blade, but in Erythea
they are very suvrt, ‘I'he secds of the former are ve ry small, rare-
ly .dinch long by .25 wide, oval-oblong, and round in cross-section
aud sulcate ventrally. Seeds (fruits) of Erythea are about spher-
ical when fresh, but the seeds when stripped are oblique flattened
on the Sephane end, and in E. Loretensis are lozenge-s*haped,but
3-4 times as large and never oblong inoutline. The outer pulp
of W aebiagione is black when ripe and should be sweet and _ed-
ible like the date, and at maturity peels off the seeds — The
outer covering of Brriben is puipy and reddish in all the species
before maturity, but edulis and Loretcnsis are black when ripe, and
appear lies ERAS but the seeds vary, in edulis they are not
niuch different, the seeds are about globose and rough, but are
lenticular and sang obcompressed and shiny-black in Loretensis,
~~ the pulp is as thick and as edible, but the fruit isa half smal-
ler. EE. elegans and aculeata are dwarfs in all ee apeoie 2 leaving
armata and Brande egei as the only remaining trees. armata has
glaucous leaves which make it seem blue, and has long and whip-
lik peduncles and linear panicles long-exserted and twice as lon

but coming out near the top and erect, not drooping as in armata
E. elegans and aculeata have prickly petioles as in armata and the
leaves persist for years and are not selfpruning as in a and the
fruits about the same size and shape @3 in armata

ERYTHEA KEY.

(This is & replace the one offered in Cont, 15p 53)
esnot exserted nor narrow, ova ate e, not interrnpte
Sates green, Fruits black, with juicy and edible exterior
pu ruits about spherica
Fruits 2 cm. wide and with siete nearly rou
Leaves unarmed, inclined to be deciduous : _ eduli,

2g CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Leaves armed, persistent. 2 EH. aculeata
Fruits not over 1.5 cm. wide. Seeds lozenge-shaped
oretensis

Fruits reddish, not over 1 cm. wide. Petioles flattened. Leaves

ed. 4 EH. Brandegei

Panicles exserted, linear, interrupted. Fruits reddish, about

1.5 cm. wide, not edible. Leaves glaucous.
anicles erect. Dwarfs 5 E. elegans
Panicles drooping and elongated.

. armata
Tht there is soma d oubt concerning E. elegans is shown by the
letter of Beccari to Mr. Wright of Riverside, reproduced here.
‘Florence, Royal Museo, Via Romana 19

My Dear Mr. Wright,

On my return to Florence I have examined the fruits you sent
me, under the name of Erythes elegans Franchesi, and to tell you
the truth they resemble those of E, armata, at least they corres-
pond exactly to all the fruits which I have received with this lat-
ter name. The fruits of Erythea elegans which Dr. Franchesi

ov. 81
“Notes on Erythea elegans Franchesi by J. Harrison Wright
First noted and named by F
offered small seedlings in his catalogue about 1902. First pub-
lished by Dr, beccari from material sent him

by Mr. Wright from the Buddington ty
dwarf with E. armata. The seeds of

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 29

Modern progress has destroyed the type of E elegans for the
Buddington garden is no more, and its plants killed, all that is left
of the type is the seeds grown by Mr. Wright and the Huntington
SNe three plants, two dwarfs 35 years old and not eight feet
a tiny plant inthe Garden. The Wright plants are ma-
Faris and fruiting copiously.
rythea Loretensis n. sp.

Type 1 fohaltte. the corner of the block south . the schoolhouse in
Loreto, L. Cal., a single, vigorous tree 25 high, with persis-
tent and appressed leaves as in E. tls see and similar inflores-
cence. Fruits black and edible, with pulp .25 inch thick and “ae
urating readily from the single seed which is shiny-black and s
flattened at the poles as to be lozenge-shape e fruits seem
spherical, but are very oblate, measuring 13x16- isin, and the
seeds 12x8 mm,.with a central pit 1 mm, deep and the outer pulp
loose ers the seed and with a papery skin

Fruits of edulis are depressed-globose, 20x15 mm. with pulp
closely cahesue to the reddish seed.

The stipularsheaths of edulis and Washingtonia are nearly a
foot high and twice as long and half an inch thick and make fine
packsaddle pads, preventing blistering in the intense sammer heat.

There seems to be a good variety in a form of Brandegei dis-
tributed by B. from the Cape which we may call var. spi-
ralis in which the leaves are arranged in couspicuous spirals on
the trunks.

cari’s armata var,microcarpa seems a good one, with the
linear te drooping panicles not so conspicuously exserte d
with small and greenish flowers and small and oval reddish fruits
14x10 mm: dimensions.

Allium

Ina recent trip to Cuyamaca lake Cal,, south of Julian, at an
elevation of 4500 ft. I found two Allia growing in — open
amplectens and Parryi. The former grows singly, or in twos in

und
their method of extra propagation seems infrequent by the split-
ting of the bulb. The stamens a littleexserted. The flowers are
globose and very thin and abont closed and always white, The
heads are mostly an inch wide and rather dense. The leaves are

30 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

several and very long and narrow. The bulb coats are brownish
without and mostly deep-red within. The stems are 5-10 inches
high and erect.

Allium Parryi grows abundantly on wash land where the rains
have washed the clay down to the more level gravelly soil, and
below where the other onion abounds, The leaves are single to
each stem, and arcuate, The stems incline to be ascending and
rarely are over 4 inches high. The flowers are about 8 mm, long,
and whitish andopen. The balbs are nearly spherical, and ra-
ther reddish. The outer perianth segments are reddish-striped
and triangular-acute and somewhat outcurved. The pedicels are

Allium amplectens is well marked by the slightly exserted
stamens and the pure white and globose flowers. The bulbs are

serratum in my revision, Greene’s species as # rule are spurious,
and his characters visionary. 1 found it growing on a sea-cliff at

and single and seemignly not propagating by runn rhizomes
Since the type locality ‘etlacana i pales

ers, rh .
ce the type rd slopes‘* near the Mission bills
of San Francisco my plants from a remote region may not be typ-
ical, Greene says there is a remarkable difference in the floral
segments, which I do not find in mine,
p 220 discredits the perianth story by saying the segments are al-

ither writer mentions the bulb scales,
ut Jepson says the two bracts are united high up and pedicels are
stout. Neither do they speak of the flowers being a very deep-red-
purple like serratum and acuminatum, and of the rigid segments.
The crests seem to be central. The meshes of the bulb coats are

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 3k

co picnously arcuate, much more so than in Jepson’s figure of
peninsulare, and about the same as my no. 41 of attenuifolium,
ike that, very irregular. There is no sign of serration on the
mavgins of the segments. The bulbs are smail, rarely half an
inch wide and spherical and with gray coats, The plants grow in
dense masses £0 a8 to color the hillsides red and are 6-12 inches
high with flat and rather narrow leaves. Growing with it are
Brodiws, Geutiana and Godetia. :
Allium Parishii Watson was very poorly described and its type
locality inaccurate as Cushenbury spring. It does grow far above.
the spring in the alpine regions, and is the same us monticola of
Davidson, and which I fully described in Cont.15 p 52. Varish
was responsible for the confusion.
jn 1931 I had an exceptional chance to observe Texas onions
the roadgides and waste places were white with them for many
‘miles, the plants are as a rule 6-12 inches high and erect und with
leng and grass-like leaves to a stalk or peduncle, The bases
of the leaves are enlarged and sheath-like and usually ribbed ard
vvertop the peduncles. This applies to the mutabile group, the-
most eommen one, reticulatum belongs in this group but is con-
spicuously crested and the perianth elongated and dries bluish-
The roots of all the species but scaposum propagate by
division of the mother-bulb by the production of a bulblet arisirg
from the lower edge just above the roots, which grow duwnware
aud make the parent bulb appear oblique till the bulblet splits off.
The bulbletsalso develop from below the sheathing scales and
sre white, while the mother scales are mostly chestnut-colored,
The distinctions of Small in his southern states flora do not seem
to hold out, His Helleri certainly is Nuttallii. His Cuthbertii
seems to be reticulatum, anh arenicola and microscordium are
hopeless. Mutabile aud Nuttallii seem separable on the texture
of the flowers, but their color is worthless, Nuttallii is mostly white
at low elevations, and pink elsewhere, mutabile is mostly white.
aud with a more robust habit and the lax perianth and very fi-

gravelly and sandy slopes on the edge of the live oaks on the north
side of the Davis mts. The type locality was at Alpimeon the
southern side. The flowers are often ting ed with red.

33 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

“Allium acuminatum chile oe! ave in the hills near San Simon
Ariz, a locality quite out of r
Allium heuastochiton Wate was said to have a rhizoma,
and hag been a puzzle ever since, but an examination of the type
— reveals no rootstock. It seems probable that Watson mee a one
because of so many scales, but there is none. This throws Du-
vidson’s Mar vini nto synonymy. The name, a poorly coviiteastal

isabsent, bat the many coats are not connected a rootstock,

Allium Bigelovii Watson has the oblong meshes rat the bulb
coats rather vviique at the eads and arranged in many lines, sad
the walls are raised much after the fashion of acuminatum, form-
ing deep pits. ‘fue vertical lines of the wom are obscurely sin-
uous, ‘fae buid coats are firm and n t flabby. In the dry
Specimens the crests are very thin and sbanirdiat, 4 mm. high or
more wud uot spongy. ‘Tne leaves are mostly two, but sometimes

vuly o Noue are enlarged upward, but they overtop the inflo-

lescence | Lt propagates by bulbiets produced from the lower cor-
vers of the mutuer bulbs, and not by stolons.

Aulium stellatam Ker. = out of place in ve revision for it

bulbs with Jong neck peculiar to tie eernuum en and the ver-
cally linear ciuse-set meshes of it. The a ned are not fis-
tuluus uor hooked, aud the leaves are grass-lik four and

nearly as long as the peduncles, The pink flowers are’ Nery broad and
open and abut 4 mm. long, with’ the broadly ovate segments
spreading and barely as long a3 the stamens ora little shorter.
‘he crests of the ovary are on the corners and not close tothe
style, aud are triangular and spongy and about half as high as the
pod is tong’ The pedicels are capillary and lax. and about an
inch long and many. ‘This group is allied to the hematochiton-
validum one
Allium glandulosum link & Otto was got by Mrs. Mexia at.
Cuarnavaca,4600 ft. alt. no 2726, in open woods of pines and oaks,
the usual cernuum habitat. Plants tall and with the same scales
und 2-4 leaves, Bracts small. Peduncles enlarged at base. Flow-
ers 4 mm. long, with Sarit parts’ linear spreading, black- -
purple. Ovary with low and central crests. Pedicels an inch
long, filiform, not 'reflexed. “Bulbs ovate,’ aboiit'n an inch long, di-_
viding by splitting, and producing bracted’ rhizomes 2 mm. thick, ;
with bulbs at the ends, _Sligaths 2 4 inches ae “

33 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Yucca valida Brandegee is the only Cape yucca, and grows nor-
mally, in the shade of other brush and rarely is 8 ft high, but
west of La Paz is a forest of it where the trees are 30-40 ft. high
and branch as brevifolia does, but the leaves persist longer and in
age are reflexed so that the swab-like tips are often 6-8 ft. long.
The leaves rarely are over a foot long and ace flat and thin aud
with few or no threads on the margins and then serrulate. They
are long-acuminate and contracted below. The flowers are about
an inch long and rather globose-ovate, but variable and white.
The fruit is decidedly juicy when ripe and pendulous. It is clear-
ly a close relative of Schottii if not a good variety of it. My no.
27574 from road to the Cape from Todos Santos west of La Paz.
menocallis jaliscensis n, sp. Jones Mex. no. 45s
P.college no.119358. Salcillo, Jalisco, Mex. Juue 1 I842, also
at La Palma near by. Allied to H, Caynemensis Herb. Plants
about a foot high, erect or ascending, fleshy and thick, from large
and tunicated bulbs with brownish seales with filiform vertical
cells, Leaves broadly linear, arcuate and acuminate and equitant.
shorter than the peduncles, rather many. Corolla tube about
3 inches long and with segments about as long, and a little longer
than the stamen. Style elongated and as long as the petals. Fru ts
many, ovate , 4 mm. long, congested and with 2 hyaline and pet-
al-like bracts 1.5 cm, long which are tapering, smooth, acuteé,
and linear. Leaves very finely striate.
Sisyrinchium translucens Bicknell looks like an Hypoxis, my no.
27570 growing on the prairie at the laguna. Laguna mts, L- Cal
Plants 6-12 inches high, erect, annual or short-lived perennial
perfectly smooth throughout. Leaves about 3 the length
of the peduncle, very thin and acuminate,4 mm. wide, with 4
strong nerves and twice as many fainter ones, sll basal, many
Proper peduncles filiform but winged on both sides with wings
1 mm, wide. Spathe 1-2 inches long, with the outer bract a half
to twice longer than the inner one and long-acuminate, Flowers
normally 3-4, rarely more, on capillary pedicels an inch long,
ight-yellow, about 8 mm,long Fruit cordate-obovate, about 8
mm. long and retuse and shortly-acuminate into the pedicels, with
very thin walls showiug the outlines of the several rather favose
black and oblong to oval seeds 1 mm.long.

Washingtonia filifera Werd has the oue-seeded fruits never
spherical nor more than oval, and in age the inclosiug pulp becomes
juicy and black, separating from the seed whieh is rough and yei-
lowish and suleate on the raphe sideorend, The measurement is

x4mm.

B34 CUN alt L1UNS TO WESi iL. BULANY

Iresine obtusa n. sp. No. 27360, Borrego ranch,
Laguna mts. L. Cal. Sept. 2419390. A tall and climbing shrub
with the habit of 1. interrupta, but leaves oblong-ovate and trun-
cate or rounded at tip and cuneate below into a margined and
short petiole, entire. Whole plant perfectly smooth. Inflores-
cence a terminal and very compound panicle leafy below, of innu-
merable white racemes, the flowers with obtuse papery bracts,

Iresine pulchella n. sp. Cayuca ranch, Sierra Gigan-
ta mts. L, Cal. Oct, 23 1930, A divaricately branched shrub with
gray bark and many ovate to lanceolate panicles 4-6 inches long
which are white-woolly. Leaves deltoid-ovate, cordate, acutish,
1 inch long entire, rather thick, slightly veiny below, green above
butslightly pubescent, densely white-woolly below with branched

aira, on a stout petiole 4 mm. long. Flowers in compound pan-
icles, nearly sessile in dense clusters of 6-8 flowers which are ra-
cemose on the branches. Bracts very thin and hyaline, acutish,
Inclined to be smooth above,

diffuse and branching habit much accentuated so that the plants
form airy masses 4 ft, in diameter, but ultimate branches not as
filiform as in trichopodum, Involucres the same, but less deeply
indented. Flowers the same but segments inclined to be triangu-
lar-oblong and pubescent or puberulent only on the midrib inl
with margius white, hyaline and broad. Whole plant yellowish,
but stems glaucous, Leaves densely strigose throughout, mostly
round, rarely ovate, with Conspicuous deltoid base, about 1 inch,
ung. Growing in rocky places froma woody basa,
ueda raimosissima(Stand1.) Dondia ram. Stand.

ie Fl, This grows in saline places No- 27558 Loreto Nov 1

_ Allionia and Commicapus Standley. It is interesting to see
him back in the ranks of sensible botany again, abandoning his
untenable genus. He seems different from Rydberg who was al-
ways a mule in sticking to blunders after he had made them.
See Field Mus, 2 3,

Dry at
that Coulter got species of Drymaria in Mollugo. The descrip-

and sharp or acerose sepals.
without upiculation or nerves, and with conspicuous and hyaline

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 35

margins, about equaling the oval-ovate capsule which is smooth
and shining and very finely striate longitudinally with beaded
lines and mostly 3-4-valved, and with about & large and circinate
seeds with coat jow-tuberculate-striate longitudinally, This
genus 1 would call Mollugophytnm and would refer to it D.
crassifolia Bth. as M. crassifolium, D. holcsteoides Bth. as
M. holosteoides, and i. polycarpoides Gray as M. polyear
poides and D. sperguloides Gray as M. sperguloides. A con-
speetus of the proposed genus is given below.
Leaves broad.
Marifime Perennials. Flowers umbellate.
1 crassifolium
Annna'!s,

Petals abortive or very small. Leaves con-
spieuously petioled. 2 M. holosteoides

Peta's conspicuous Flowers cymulose,

eaves very shortly petioled

3 M. polycarpoides
Leaves linear. Flowers eymuloze, with slend:r

pedicels and equally as lung eommon pedunele,
M: sperguloides.
ematis Barranex n. sp. Guadalajara, Mex, Nov. 25
1930. Flowers perfect. Leaves bi pinnate, the pinns ternate,
final segments below inclined to’be seallop- lobed below aud rather
deltoid-ovate and acutish and cordate, 2 inches long. Fruit ashy,
with short and stiff hairs, the tails much elongated aud thinly pin-
mo:e. A smooth and high-climber. Lexflets 9-12, rather leathery
Thalictrum peninsulare (Drandg.) Rose replaces T, Fendleri

high, growing singly, and is diwcious. The panicles of flowers
are rather small and with capillary rays ending in very small
heads of fruit consisting of 1-3 seeds on subulate stipes tas long
as the seeds which are about 4 mm. long and 2-3 mm. wide. The
seeds are really half-oblately oval with one face nearly straight
or a little bowed in the middle and with the other face greatly
arched. The surface of the seeds is very coarsely corrugated in

deltoid-acnte at tip. It is common along watercourses in the
shade. Lower Temperate life zone.

LYROCARPA.

Watson, in the Flora of California Vol. 2 p. 44 says of this
genus “ pubescentannuals‘. From his description of L. Palmeri

we would infer similarity to the type species. ‘Watson often blun.
dered, as we all de, on species, but this time it is.on the genus.

36 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Lyrocarpa was founded on L. Coulteri which is ashrub as shown

by me in 1929, It has been found in western Arizona by others

than myself near Gila Bend.
SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF SYNTHLIPSIS,

the only thing svaileble to keep the genera S:pzrate is the shurp
und processed edge of Synthlipsis valves in distinction from the

t
lirst sight, seem too attenuated to hold. he floral characters
are substantially the same in Synthlipsis, Greggia, und Dithyrea
except that the spreading calyx is present only in D
and not in Californica. Physaria didymocarpa has rather loose
sepals, but not conspicuously spreading. Rose’s Synthlipsis lep-
inlota is a Lesquerella, which I would call D. lepidota n.n. A
meaningless name in this genus for leaves are mostly lepidote. Di-

thyraa is the most specialized genus In the group because the mar-

sulare, both Gray and Watson assumed it was neuter because it
ends in ‘‘cn‘* a common neuter term. This shows the folly of
men unfamiliar with Latin trying to write Latin names, They

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 37

It should be said of Synthlipsis that the flowers are white
and that the claws of the petals are so close together as to appear
united making the abruptly spreading blades seem like lobes of a
gamopetalous corolla,

iriogonum trichopes Torr. The more I see of the hairsplit-
ting of Gray in correcting hybrid names like this the less I think
of it. Gray was no Greek scholar as shown by his ignorance of
the gender of words ending in ‘tomega nu‘ i reek, such as
Cotyledon. He was asavage and unscrupulous partizan.

Sedum barranec2 n. sp. No. 27845 Under cliffs at La
Barranca, Guadalajara Mex., Nov. 17 1930. in wet and loose soil,
growing in tufts from long or oblong leaf fascicles 1-2 inches long
stem leaves many, narrowly elliptical to linear-elliptical, 1-2 inches
long, 1 em. wide, sometimes acute, entire, sessile. Inflorescence
a raceine-like arrangement of short and scorpioid racemes of 6
flowers which are sessile and bracted with ovate to nearly round
bracts 5-6 mm. long. Flowers white, but tinged with red or green
and about 4 mm. long and wide. Petals cordate-ovate and with
acuminate tip and equaled by the stamens which have a wide and
triangular base and filiform filaments. Pods 2, acuminate. Stems
simple,

Astragalus Piersonii Munz & McBurney Bull, So. Cal. Acad. Sei.
Vol. 31 p. 67 ff, The proposal of these new synonyms is wholly

er
It is unfortunate that the indefatigable botanist of Pasadena
must have his name hitched to a synonym for he deserves better
treatment. This plant is described as an annual,butis perennial as
are all the forms of lentiginosus.

Crotalaria var. Davidsonii 1. c. is the usual Imperial val.
ley form of Preussii and is matched exactly by a specimen in the
herbarium,

A. insularis var. Harwoodii is apparently true trifloras DC,

A. pachypus var. Jaegeri |. c. is said to have yellow flowers
but there is nothing in the specimen to show it. There are no
yellow-flowered Astragali, but many ochroleucous ones.

They also propose a new variety of A. Douglasii. I have been
convinced that none of the proposed varieties are good. _
Mrs. McBurney has had no field experience enough to justify an
opinion of the species but for years she has had access tomy great
collection and use of my monograph enough to become familiar
with the Preussii to which her proposed apecies belongs.

Munz seems to be copying Jepson’s system of making fake
varieties as used in his Manual, a system that he was the first to
criticise severely.

33 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Alchemills hirsuta HBK, It was qnite surprising to find this
apecies abundant on the laguna, another link with the western flo-

PithecoNobium minutum n, sp. No. 27265, Ca-
cachilla mts. Oct. 2 1930. An open bash, 6-3 ft. high, with inch-
long atraight spines in pairs. Leaves nearly as broad as long, 3
inches long, of about 6 pairsof pinne which sre about an inch
ong and open and 1 cm, wide. Leaflets about 13 pairs, linear, a
little arcuate, Ll mm. wide by 4 mm long, minutely pubescent. Pod
nearly black, 4 inches long by half an inch wide and 4-6 mm.
thick, and oval in cross-section, smooth, trianguiar-acute and
short-stipitate, with ring-like base. Branches slender and spread-
ing a8 in Mimosa biuncifera.
Pithecolobium minutissimum n. sp. No. 272¢6
La Barranca Guadalajara Mex. Nov. 251930. A small tree rough-
ly branched and spiny at the nodes, closely short-woolly through-
out with rough bark. Leaves 4-6 incheslong by 1-1.5 inches wide,
bipinnate, with stout petiole half an inch long, and with rachis

Leaflets about 30 pairs, imbricated, oblong, obtuse, m y
seaves Clustered at the ends of the stout twigs. Fruit

Above Primiera Agua, in the Sierra Giganta, Oct 20 1930. A
shrub 4-6 ft high with stems beset with chestnut colored or white
warts. Leaves a pair of pinne, with about & pairs of leathery ve-

§ by 3 mm. wide, blunt but
apioulate, often arcuate, oblong, with midrib set in the middle
th essory veins below it, half-cordate below, and set

on the upper side of the grooved rachis which j

i and with
ored spines 46 mm. long at the base,
cled in the axils and ve

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 39

Lysiloma Cayucensis n. sp. No. 27251 Cayuca ranch
Sierra Gigapta mts. L. Cal, Oct 23 1939 <A slender and open
bran: Her shrub or smal] tree, with twigs somewhat chestnut col_
ored wind hs slender and very. leafy. Leaves 3-6 inches long,
with 3 4 pairs of pinne which are about 2 inches long. Leaflets’
15-2 pairs, enowly oblong. barely aoute, about 6 mm. long b
2mm. yes appearing smooth but really iti tparsely nageters
venose, with about 6 large meshes on eit | side of the midrib.
Pods 3 iy 1 inches, elliptical-oblong, Satie and rounded at base
and on a stipe 4-6 mm, long, reddish and thin.

Albizzia occidentalis of authors seems to bea Leucena, it is
a beautiful tree with tall trank and widely spreading branches.
I got eg both at the Borrego ranch and on the Cape road to Todos

Sant

Climadorachts Ifemsl. & Rose Cont. Nat. Herb. 8
43 1403 1s not distinct enough from the pudica-pusilla section of
Mimosa. I therefor propose the transfer of their names of species
as follows. Mimosa Mexicana(H. & R.)C. Mexicana lH, & R.
M.untivga. C. fruticosa H.& R. The body of the pod sepa-
rates from the rim as in Mimosa. The annual forms of Aischy-
nomene are gecesi’ too close to Mimosa for comfort. That
Mimosa Aischynomene, Acacia and Pithecollobium reed a thor-
eugh overhauling goes without saying, but Rose was not the man
to do it because of hia sloppy generic ideas
Mimosa Lagu nensis n. sp. No. 27290. On the laguna,
Laguna mts. L. Cal. Sept 22 1930. A rather Boats branched
shrub 4-6 ft. high, with hooked prickles. Leavy s with 2 pinne
and with each pinna having 5-10 obliquely cblong leaflets about 4
mm. long by 2 mm. wide, rather ri id, nervo e, sharply apiculate,
half-coruate below and with midrib not eae and with 5 nerves
from the base on the upper cht ee, hairy especially on the

margins, with the rachis and petiols short and very hairy. Heads
few- flowered, on Pah So urcls 1-2 inches long. Pods short-
stipitate, an inch by 4 mm. long and wide, of about 4 joints eon-

stricted + the way to the suture and abruptly setose-acuminate,
sparsely and ver y shortly aculeate and short-pubescent. The very
amall leaflets and pods simulate ein Paint 1B

limosa inequalis n.sp. No. 27267. Guadalajara,
Mex. Nov. 26 130. Annual, very widely branched, a foot high,
Leave a sparse, of 2 pairs of leaflets which are obli iquely obovate
and rounded, with midrib not in the middle, thin, barely apicn-
late, yreen, strongly nerved, with 3 basal nerves above the midrib,
setosely yellow-hairy as are the pods also, on petioles 1-2 inches
long which are similarly hairy. Heads on stout peduncles. Pods
4 2 inch long, obliquely oblong, 4 mm. wide, shortly acuminate,
flut, 3-seeded, with margins little if at all indented, mang, in com-
pact heads, body easily separating from the frame;

4) CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Mimosa Mazatiana n. sp. o, 224.J, Mazailan, Mx.
Nov. 20 1922. A prostraie annual, setesely hairy with yellew
and appressed-pubeacent hairs throughun. except the puberuleut
faces of the pods. Leaflets abont 10 pairs, on 2 pinnw, acuiish,
4-6 mm, long, 2 mm. wide, collapsing easily, pinnae 1-2) imeires
long. Stems with scattered and recurved prickles Jods in heads,
oval to oblong, not over } cm, long by 4 mm. w.de, 1-3 seedse
with joints easily permitting separation of the sides. Collected
there by Mrs Mexia, also from Urcguay.
assiasbsusL, N. 27191. La Burranca, Gaadalajara, Nov,
23 1930, Perenuial, 2 ft. long or more, subdecumbent, raceniose-
ly branched above. Leaves thin, 2-4 inches lung, on filiform pet-
lles 2-3 inches long, of 2 pairs of oval-obovate and rouuded leafl-
eta, al) oblique, rounded and entire, an inch lo: g, rather triple-
nerved below, about sessile, smooth, paripinnate, the upper ones
with s.ngte flowers in the axils on jedicels filiform and 3 mm.
long. Flowers yellow, 4-6 mm. long, with the calyx cleft alinost

rot stipitate, vetch-like, 4-seeded. with flattened, oval-obovate
seeds 3 mm. long and with about 10 faint lines of shallow pits,
glistening-black, Valves opening slong the dorsal suture and
curting up as in Vicia but plants without tendrils.

assia tenuicaulis n. sp. In ditches at Guadalajara,
Mex. Nov, 26 1930, A vory slender perennial(?), 2-3 ft. high,

Stems striate-angled. Leaflets 20-25 pairs, rigid. overlapping,
linear, very sharply and obliquely acute, nearly smooth except on
the margins, 3-nerved from the very base, 4-6 mm. long, Flowers
in short racemes, very small and with large bracts. Pods an inch
long, conspicnously constricted much as in Dosmodium. Leaf
rachis hispid with hairs pustulate at base,

astellata n. sp. No, 27196, Cacachilla mts. L.
Cal., Oct.2 1930 and at Triunfo, No. 27200, Oct. 7 An open-
branched shrub about 6 ft, high, appearing 1
ous throughout, but not at all glutinous, but densely yellow-stel-
late. Leaflets about 3 pairs(2-5), 1-2 inches long, laneeolate and
shortly acuminate to elliptical and apiculate, rather oblique below,
thickish and entire, with leaf rachis 1-2 inches long and about

i y st .
festly constricted between the seeds both vertically and laterally,
flattened, short-stipitate and apiculate, narrowly linear.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 41

Caasia rotundifolia Rose ? No. 27192. Guadalajara, Nov.
261939. Annual, with the habit of prostrate forms of Hosackia
but apparently in ‘the bifolia group. Stems branching only at
the base, slender, a foot long, shaggy with long and rigid and
spreading hairs which extend often to the lower. pert and some
leaves. Internodes mostly shorter than the leaflets. Leaflets 2
on the ends of stout petioles 2-3 mm. long, rounded obovate, not
over an inch long, ascending, leathery, sessile, oblique at very
base only, pinnate-veined. but upper side inclined to have 1-3 ac-
cessory veins at very base, not at all parallel-veined as in C. bifolia,
entire, rounded to a little retuse at tip, conspicuonsly, closely,
and finely veined, mostly smooth and shining. Stipules green.
about lem, long obliquely triangular-ovate, acerose, parallel-

iat ge ordate below, Pedicels 1-1.5 inches long, becoming
mooth, siliform, ascending, straight, often twin. Flowers shagey
balew mm. long, yellow. Fruit about 1.5 inch long by 5

wide, hat, linear, oblique at both ends, straight, many- reclled:
Seeds flat rectangular, apiculate on one corner, smooth. Flowers
in the upper axils, Frequent in old fields. A unique species
which I had called C tenn: venosa, but Rose may have antedated me
soralea decipiens n. sp. No. 27178. La Barranea,

Guadalajark Mex. Nov. 23 1930. A prostrate and weak herb 1-2
ft. high, allied to dh pentaphylla, but leaflets acute and ovate and
an inch long, rather venose, nearly emooth, 3, on a petiole fully 2
inches long. Stowers very small, in h ads on long peduncles be-
coming alittle racemose in fruit. Pods about 4 mm. long and
ovate plus a long and hooked beak, growing in moist ground.

Psoralea Rafzlensis n. sp. La Sal mts Utah, June
31914. Plant with the habit of P. mephitica, from a much
branched and woody base. Leaflets cuneate-obovate, lem. long,
5, with a common petiole 3 cm. long. Leaves smooth except on
the veins and a little pubescent below. Stems 6 inches hig
and many and much clustered in flat tufts. Flowers about 3, in
an almost sessile cluster in the axils, about 4-6 mm. long. duty
oblong, not inflated, 2 mm. long, lobes 1 mm. sah ae

P ea Rafaelensis var. magna n, var. San Ra-
fel Swell Utah May 11 1414. Same habit as the spain, "but ae.

ss]

head or short spike. Calyx inflated, 4 mm. long, the lobes over

halfthe whole. The San Rafel Swell is just on the west side of
the Green river from the La Sal mts.

nummularia n.sp. A low shrub of the John-

seni group, with few spines and warty stems. Flowers bright-

purple, in dense and ovate spikes 1-2 inches long, spreading, with

culyx densely hispid-hairy with yellow hairs, with red

glands, 5-ribbed, sessile, with long and subulate calyx lating and

42 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

‘early deciduous 3-cleft bracts, subacute or equaling the flowers,
Fruits obliquely oval-ovate, half an inch long and mottled, with
glands much as in D. Johnsoni. Leaves many, nearly seswile on
a stout petiole with 6-20 pairs of oval to nearly round and ulti-

ches long, Green River Utah, May 28 1914 P. coll.
No. 28257 and Willow Spr. Ariz., June 11 1:99, Jones. Plants
puberulent throughout
Astragalus Vaseyi Wat. I had never seen this growing till
Apr. 2 1933. It seems confined to the Mexican border on the
dry and sandy washes of the steep southern slopes of san Jacinto
mt., in the Lower Temp. life zone, with Pinus monophylla. Wat-
sun describes it as a doubtful annual. It is clearly a biennial or
winter-annual for the great mass of stems now making a mat on
the ground could not have grown from seed since the snow melted.
It has the same habit as A. Coquimbensis Reiche which antedates
A. Thurberi Gray, in growing flat on the ground in great tufts
from a single taproot. I have seen similar looking plants with
the silvery leaves which I assumed were A. lentiginosus but may
have been this species. The fruits are manifestly stipitate in some
cases and flattened ventrally and are obliquely half-elliptical and
with the suture straight nearly to the flat and incurved tip, T
pods are about round in cross-section and conspicuously inflated.
alea Hutchinsoniz n. sp. Pinos Altos mts. N. M.
Sept. 23 1931, under pines, in open places. Weak annuals a few
inches high, erect, with capillary stems and leaves which are
smooth. Leaves above reduced to anaked rachis and always green
and with scattered and depressed glands. Stems racemosely
branched from the base, and ending in a short head or spike a-
bout half an inch long and on a capillary peduncle. Calyx long-
white-pilese, 3-4 mm. long, with the subulate lobes as long as the
tube, Tube with 5 dark-green very prominent and raised nerves.
Flowers purple and rudimentary. Leaflets 1-2 pairs, an inchlong .5
mm. wide. This seems to belongto the alopecuroides section. com-
mon in the forest at 7800 ft. alt. Named for Mrs Susan W. Hut-
chinson, a member of my party, specially interested in the genus.
_ _ Dalea Hutchinsoniae var. anomala n, var. Chit-
icahua mts., Ariz. in Rustlers’ Park, Sept. 22 1931, 8000 ft, alt.

and green bracts, and subulate calyx lobes which arise from a del-
toid base. Calyx conspicuously 5-ribbed with raised and black
ribs 3mm. long. Flowers minute, purple, Leaflets 2-3 pairs’ ¢
linear-oblong and retuse members about 1 inch long by 2-3 mm
wide. This connects with alopecuroides.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 43

alea barrance n. sp. _ No. 27230, La Barranca, Nov.

ye,
apprewed-trgoe not over an inch long, mostly half an inch long
and the petiole not ‘Teigee that the lowest leaflet. Spikes termi-
.5-1 ine fonty: ense, on a filiform peduncle 2- 3 times as long.
Flowers and bracts long-silky with hairs a little twisted and seem-
ingly beaded and white. Calyx 5 mm. long and equaled by the

- y
conspicuously 10-black-nerved, with the lobes a little longer than
the tube and subulate. Petals purple, barely longer than the ca-

cifera but with absence of visible bracts and blunt le aR and
flowers apparently small. Stems much-and alternately-branched
above by slender and flexuous branches ending in slender-pedun-
cled spikes, leafy below. Leaves 2-4 inches long, wide, with 4
pairs of leaflets which are white-hairy when young, and green a-
bove and smooth in age. Leaflets about 1 cm. long, elliptical,
barely apiculate, acutish below, -Petioles about as long as the
leaflets. Leaflets separated about 2-3 cm. Upper stems hoary.
Spikes 1-3 inches long, the terminal one 2-3-times as long as tlie
jJateral ones, on peduncles an inch long, 4mm. wide. Bracts ru-
dimeutary and deciduous. Flowers closely sessile in dense spikes
Calyx chestnut-colored above, green and very pale, a little infla-
ted, straight, with rudimentary teeth, hairy or nearly smocth.
Pads about 3 cm. long, a little surpassing the calyx, about round
but slightly flattened. Flowers absent but probably purple and
small.

Tephrosia fruticosa n. sp. No. 27207, La Barranca,
Noy. 17 1430. Strictly erect, 2-4 ft. high, rigid. Leaflets 3 in-
ches long by an inch wide, acute and apiculate, very venose and
with veins yellow-hairy, one pair with almost no_ rachis, finely
pubescent all over. Flowers yellow and purple-veined, 1 cm. long,
ascending in a dense spike 4 inches long. Calyx lobes long-acn-
minate and pilose. Bracts elliptical, nearly 1 cm. long, acute at
both ends and narrowed below, very pilose and appressed and with
many parallel nerves, pein diets of leaves velvety. stems branch-
ing a above. his may be an Eriosema,

Tephrosia Lindheimeri Cae No. 28552. Eastof Carriso
Spring Tex. Apr. 271931. Plants growing flat on the ground in
mats 4 ft. wide. Stems, petioles, rachis and petiolules densely
yellow-hairy. Leaflets about 6 pairs, rather oval-obovate, 15 ecm.
long by 4.em, wide, leathery, smooth above and venaose, pilose on

4t CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

the ner e: below, appearing as if albomarginate Lecause of the Py
bescence extendiug a little beyond the margins below, ronae :
entire, obscurely apiculate, wfth rachis strougly angled. — Flow a
purple, about 1 cm, long, scattered on the floral rachis s
inches in length. Pods absent. Leaves mam’, 6 inches ong.
On prairies. : :
Cracca collina Jones seems to be Eriosema multiflorum Reb.
Cracca pumila (Rose) ? ©. N. H. 10 99 1906 as Bentham-
antha. Nn, 27249, Primiera, Sierra Giganta mts-, 27239 Caynea
Ranch same loc. Oct. 26 1930. Very slenderand erect herbs 2 ft.

long. Pods about 3 inches long and 2 mm. wide, smooth, or ashy
when young, straight. Plants shrubby below. 1do not adhere
to the dictum of**Once a synonym always a synonym‘,

J
A. deserticolus, an impossible name js probably nutans Jones,
A. Preussii var. limatus is Crotalarie Bth.

A. Kernensis is lentiginosus Doug].

A. infloxus var. leucolobus (Jones) is a ludicrous blunder, for the

A. atratus var Panamintensis (Sheldon) shows ignorance of atratus
which is quite a different species

A. agninus is aridus a variable Species as to development of sep-
tm

t
A. Clarianus is one of the forms of the variable A. tener, which
probably includes A. Rattani.
epson’s figure of A, acutirostris Watson which is A. strepto-

pus Greene does not show the oxytropidoid keel rightly nor the
twisted pedicel, the cause of Greene’s name,

Astragalus Mexiz n. Sp. No. 2563, Mexia from the
rancho Colorado, Chihuahua district of Guerrero Mex., }
27 1929 2200 meters alt. on sides of steep d
red gravelly soil, Prostrate Perennials from a strong taproot.
Plant related to A. parvus, but flowers not in heads, Stems many
rom the crown and racemosely branched throughout and with
short and congested internodes, the whole about 6 inches high,
with very many thin and delicate leaves about as long as their

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 45

hroughout the plant and nearly sessile, 1-2 inches long, broad,
with about 10 flowers subtended by relatively, large, green but
ciliate bracts, Calyx white, loosely inclosing the floral parts as
if inflated, obliquely cylindrical from a triangular base which has
1-2 bractlets at the oblique insertion, the tube a little arcuate be-
cause the lower side is concave and upper mvch arched, about 4
mm. long by 2-3 mm. wide and laterally flattened, the subulate
teeth lax and about 2mm.long. Banner narrow and much arched
and with reflexed sides. Wings straight, narrow and a little lon-
ger than the keel.and often purple-tinged at tip. Keel very blunt
und purple-tipped. Pods as ashy-puberulent as the leaves, slight-
ly arched and shortly acute, about 2 mm. highand 6-8 mm. long,
deltoid in cross-section and deeply sulcate dorsally to the middle,
und with a complete hyaline partition to the ventral suture which
is raised exter ally as a strong rib, smooth, sessile. Whole plant
a mass of flowers. Named for Mrs. Mexia the collector.

Astragalus Coquimbensis (H. & A.) ReicheVol. 2p 109 FI.
Chil. seems to be the same as A. Thurberi Gray and antedates it.
A, candidissimus Ledebour is not the same as Watson’s synonym
which fact justified Greere’s A. Miguelensis.

A, Crotalarie Bth,, A. limatus Sheldon was described as from
Monterey by Coulter and led to much confusion by Gray, but it
could not have come from there.

+mosa manca Rydberg is A. Austine Gray as shown by the con-
nate stipules.

Xvlophacos lagopina Rydberg seems to be A. Pulsifere Gray

A. Breweri Gray and filicaulis F, & M. are related,but not identi-
Cul,

A Laxmanni Jacq. has been assumed to be the same as ad-
surzens Pall. and our nitidus but this cannot be for the pubecence
is not fixed by the middle as in nitidus,

A. Mauretanicus Stev. and Parryi Gray seem related.

A, Mexicanus A. DC. seems to hold up onthe calyx being in-
clined to be inflated and 6 mm. long, with deltoid teeth about 1
mm, long, and the tube being white-short-shaggy with hairs in-
clined to be felted, banner broad.

A, obcordatus is to be compared with A. distortus, but it has
no sign of a septum as is shown by distortus at times, This group
the Sparsiflori should come either near the Hamosi or distortus
put in the Hamosi.

Hamosus Minthornie Rydberg is A. Congdoni Watson, prob-
ably, but the locality of collection very doubtful.

A. curtipes Gray és a very doubtful species of the Monterey,
Cal. region, going up as far as San Francisco, and belongs in the
puzzling leucopsis group and may be the same as A. Franciscanus
Sheldon, a freak of leacopsis with connate stipules.

46 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Allium hematochiton Watson was rightly named ‘bloody
coat” from ‘aimatos’ bloody and ‘‘chiton” coat because of the
lower scales being blood-red, The extra propagation is by the
bulbs splitting vertically through the middle.

Phaseolus. barrancz n. sp. No. 27177, La Barranca,
Guadalajara, Nov. 211930, Climbing high over bushes and ro-
bust, in rich soil, General appearance of Perytheuloma. Leaflets
broadly elliptical to elliptical-ovate, 2-3 inches long by 1.5 wide,
very venose below, velvety all over, entire, apiculately acuminate,
half-cordate into a stout petiole 2-3 mm. long. Flowers an inci
lung. deep-purple and striate-veined, 3-5, in a short and short- pe-
duncled raceme.. Pods linear, much arcuate, immature, 2inches
loug by 4 mm. wide, densely yellow-velvety, apiculate.

Desmodium validity does not seem uch discussed

g and flowers 6 mm. long and purple
and with smooth banner. Pods on a filiform stipe twice as long
as calyx, joints 1-2, almost distinct, obliquely oval, each about 4
mm. long, smooth, venose, apiculate. Petals and floral rachis
densely and minutely pubescent. :
Erythrina flabelliformis Stdl.

Standley does not describe the
coral-colored seeds correctly.

, deciduous, oval, 5 mm.
long, purple. Petals longer, purple. Pods fleshy, constricted
t

strongly red-veined.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY Ad

eganum Texanum n. sp. Del Rio Tex. <A low and
prostrate herb a few inches long, and much branched from’. a
woody base and with short internodes. Leaves ovate. in»-outline
and once to twice-pinnately divided intolinear, actite and revolute
margined segments, puberulent. Pedicels slender: recurvéd, .5
inch long. Flowers yellow. Sepals about 7,. linear-filiform ‘and
about .5 inch long, entire. Pods didymous, about .5:inch‘wide
membranous, filled with the few, large, and cellular shady the 2°
divisions of the pod seldom equal,. This grows also at’ Eagle Pass
and mien in loose soil.

Helietta barranez n. sp. No. 27091, La Barranea).
Guadalajara. Nov 19 1930. A slender shrub, 6-8 ft. hi igh, open-—
ly and slenderly. and alternately branched, growing in rocky places ©
Loaves thin, 3-foliolate, low-crenulate- toothed, with terminal leaf-.
let nearly twice as long as the reat, lanceolate ‘from a cuneate base
and on a petiolule 6 mm. long, | he lateral leafilets oblique: and
nearly sessile. Fiowers minute, in acompound raceme; purplish.
Fruit normall y a single obliquely winged carpel, though. some-
t-mes twin, 1 cm, long by 3-4 mm. wide, rounded and very flat,
parallel-veine

Pi hyllanthus peninsularie Br: bad ok No. Qt 542, Laguna sits
Sept 22 1930. The seeds are sharply eta and with raised
anc chocolate. pet and zigzagg cross-markin

_, Phyllanthus Galeottianus Baill., 27404, baad: Oct 14. 1930
This has nearly round and glossy- green leaves. Anthers dehis-.
re ing parallel to midrib. Flowers yellowish- “green It is quite’ dis-

et from peninsulari

Phytlanthus viridis n. sp.No. 27503. Cacachilis mts. Oct! *

2.1930. A rigidly branched sbrub 4-6 ft. high, with branches
widely spreading, dark-gray, smooth, and the secondary ones al-
most spinose,, with alternate, oval, entire, thin, green leaves,

filiform petioles 4 the length of blade. Stipules triangular-subu-
late and red. Most of the branchlets aborted into warts having
fascicles of slightly larger leaves. Flowers moe mingle, on ra-
ther stout and half-inch peduncles. Pods smooth, about 7 mm,,.
wide. depressed-globoss. Seeds chocolate éblored, smooth .and.
shining, lenticular, rounded onthe back and flattened .on. the
other side, without markings, about 4mm. by 3 mm., rounded”
at the ends and a little narrower below :
Croton ee COT aM n.sp. No.2 27500, Cayuca ranch, Sierra *
(iganta, Oct. 23 1930. A very slender and widely branched shrub:
several feet high, with smooth and gray bark. Leaves scattered,
1-2 inches Jong, mostly rhomboidal-ovate saa octet’ baa
and at least the upper ones abruptly long- seated some of the
lower ones triangular-acute at both ends,-‘on a whi ite-pubescent:
petigle .5 inch long. without evident stipulegiand ceaeome surface °

3%
wi

48 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

sparingly stellate-pubescent. Leaves quite thin, Fruit termini,
ingle short staminate spike an inch long,with a few pistil-
late flowers at base. Pods 7 mm. high, depressed-globose, closely
and finely stellate-pubescent, Seeds olive-colored. 4 mm. by 5
mm., oval, a little flattened on one side and rounded on the other,
rather truncate below.
oton crenulatus n. sp. No. 27499, Cayuca ranch,
Sierra Giganta, Oct. 23 1930. A moderately stout and erect shrub
‘with short branches, and smooth and gray bark, the young twigs
yellowish-white with dense and pseudo-stellate hairs Leaves
thickish, nearly oval, rounded to subcordate below, inclined to be
w little triangular at tip but barely ever acute, crenulate through-
out, rather densely puberulent below with soft hairs from a raised
_ dase in radiating clusters of 5-10 as if stellate but not really so,
Pods rounded, densely puberulent, 12 mm. wide by 10 mm. high,
mostly single and mostly sessile at the ends of the branches, the
plunts apparently dimcious. Seeds dark-colored, 7 mm. b
mm. and 6 mm, thick, about oval, but a little truncate below,

finely and shortly felted and ‘emooth, } inch by 4 inch thick,
single, with the very large seeds single in each cell and pictorially

short ones at base. Leaves 3-4 inches wide by 4-6 long. Inflores-
ah enc nate spike with :
- #ruits globose, shaggy-hairy, abou
! . Seeds and inclined to be mottled along
the center of the back, rounded at both ends, somewhat flattened,

.

mm., grayish,

XNVILOW NYATSAM OT SNOLLAAIAINOI] 49

Croton Blasianus n. sp. No. 23304, San Blas Sinalos
Jun 25 1y27, A straggling shrub with smooth and nearly black
branches, having many very short laterals ‘ict an inch long, and
with several leaves nearly sessile and elliptical to lancolate and

on both sides but appearing Song venose, 2-3 inches long.
bay oa equally atellate and short. Inflorescence a spike hardly
inch long and few- flowered, ‘Froits 1-2, spherical, ‘ oe long
aan vary shortly felted- Wiaity. Seeds asin C. Boregen
Tragia scandens n. sp. No. 23300 Ciavinks, Sonora,
Jan. 26 1927. 1 refer here also Purpus? no, 419 Ixmiquelson Mx.
and Br.ndegee’s ce ee from the Cape, and also Purpus’s no.

110350 from Calmalli L. Cal. al? in Cal. herb. Plants filiform
climbers with S¥ata cree barely sente and coarsely dentate, with
vordate base, on a petiole 1 cm one aceme short and filiform.

ernardia Mazatlan nan sp. No. 22626, arecivates
Nov. 2U 1930, on hill-ides among rocks. Herbaceous but stem
a siitle woody below, about a fvot high, spreading and ik
branched, Pistillate spikes terminal, oblong, .5-1 inch long, sal-
very-hairy, shortly and stoutly pe -duncled, Calyx lobes filiform.
Stuumluate clusters narrowly linear and about an inch long, on fil-
ifurm peluncles nearly as long, and opposite the leaves and below
Lue pisuillate ones. Leaves thin, broadly ovate from a truncate
tv subcordate base, an inch long, finely serrulate, low-veined and
on a filiform petiole 1 em, lor ng.

It is remarkable that Standley omits all mention of seed mar-
kings in ap a crucial characters in some cases, in his Mexi-
van woody flor

Sebastiano sarmentosa n.sp. No- 27544. Primiera
Agua, spre Giganta, Oct.15 1930 and near Loreto no, 27544

and racemosely branched herbs with rather woody base
and about 3 ft. high and fleshy leaved. Leaves alternate, many,
vliiptical- ge ee and shortly acuminate at bothends, triple-
nerved, crenulate to barely serrate with uncinate tips. Whole
plant smooth. Leaves 2-4 inches long. Flowers in axillary clus-
ters about an inch long, emall, red, with ovate bracts and with a
stugle pistillate and pediceled flower below. Pistillate sepals tri-
angular-acuminate and erose. Pods smooth, depressed, about 7
tum, wide, 3-celled, Seeds single in each cell, about 4 mm. long,
ylobose-ovate and acutish at tip but rather cordate below, round
in cross-section, obscurely rugose and roughened all over, choco-
jate-colored, about the shape and general appearance of Euphor-
bia heterophylla.
his is allied to S. ee as understood by Brandegee,
but the leaves are narrower and acute and the 3 only about
half the size and seeds very differ ont I do not consider the bi-
locular pod as significant for Tetracoccus and Jatropha vary in the
reine way.

50 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Cuphea Watsoni‘n. sp. No, 4616 Pringle, Tequila,
Jalisco, Mex., Sept 1893, Herb. Univ. Cal. No. 108986. A tall

slender annual, with long internodes, Stems, upper leaves, and
inflorescence low-shaggy with abruptly spreading and glandular

airs. Leaves truncate-ovate to cordate-ovate, 1-2 inches long,
on a stout petiole 1 mm. long, conspicuously feather-veined below
and rather abruptly acuminate, very obscurely denticulate: upper
ones somewhat reduced and lanceolate. Calyx 15 mm. long by

m.
petals oblanceolate to linear and 4 mm. long. Growing in fields

Euphorbia corallifera n, sp. No. 27545, Caynca
ranch, Sierra Giganta, Oct. 23 1930. This belongs to the Poin-
settia group, apparently near E. tricolor Greenman. A slender

little lacerate. Glands round, red, prominent. Appendages ovate
to rhomboidal, a little erose above, white or tinged with purple,
nearly half an inch long, spreading, Pods depreased-spherical
smooth, green, about quarter inch long, immature. Inflore scence
sometimes compound. This is a very showy bush 6-8 ft, high.

_ Euphorbia Espirituensis n. sp. No. 27505, Espiri-
tu Santo island near La Paz, Sept 291930 A straggling and very

or more rudimentary leaves which are 4-5 mm. long and about
oval though a little oblique below and rounded above, thick, en-
tire and smooth, on stout petioles half as long, and with conspicu-

small. Pods smooth. Seeds oval-ovate, acutish, slightly angled

8ray, smooth, with a trace of sculpturing on the sides, the shape

and size nearly that of Preslii.

ke might pass for Magdalene but appears to be a fair insular
ies,

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 61

Orobanche. Ina recent brochure on this genus a European an-
peg in commenting on my specimens in herbaria gives my name
EK. J. Marcus though rst niin mr te o shomiea “iba name in
rat so that there can be no How any caieful
man could make such a ‘se dati is ‘hard $s ‘balteve unless he copied
from some address-book, where it was given as ‘‘Jones, Marcus E‘‘
but even then, not ghee
Herpestis macrantha sp. No, 43627, P. Coll. Herb.,
Colonia Juarez Chihuahua, Foneh Sept. 12 1903, 6000 ft alt i in
ditches by roadside. A creeping and rooting perennial with pros-
trate to ascending stems, acutely angled and a few inches high,
smooth, with internodes shorter than the leaves. Leaves punctate
and lanceolate and tapering into very short petioles, not auricled
nor clasping, sparsely low-serrate above, about an inch long, litile
reduced above. Pediccls single in the upper axils, filiform, aren)
an inch long, pee y slightly longer than the leaves. Ca alyx 6
long in flower a mm. in fruit, the two outer lobes oblong- eS
acuminate, the atin narrower and a little shorter. Corolla yel-
lowish at least below and purple-tinged above, broad, a half lon-
ger than the calyx, with lobes flaring, Pods ‘oblong. ovate equal-
_ing the calyx lobes, shortly acute. Seeds black, oval, faveolute.
vesia sessilis n. sp. No. 27410 La Barranca, Gua-
dalajara, Nov, 211920. An erect and rathor shrubby plant, gro-
wing in rich slopes, 3-4 ft. high, cymosely branched above into
long, linear, and dense short-leafy-bracted spikes a foot or two long
and shortly and densely glandular- -pubescent throughout even to
the flowers. Leaves opposite throughout even to the uppermost
floral bracts, sessile, almost clasping. laa thortly-acnte,
coarsely se errate, 2-3 inches long by hal 3 wide, venose, thick,
lower floral bracts 1 em. long, smaller eer sharply serrate, ovate
and persistent. Calyx 6 mm. long, teeth deltoid, nearly half the
whole, green. Flowers red, almost sessile (pedicel 1-2 mm. long)
ascending, 2 inches long by 5mm. wide, split 4 the way down,
with the lower lobes a little flaring, slightly wider abort. Fila.
ments of the two long stamens wider above and densely bearded
on one side, the other stamens abortive and filaments shorter.
Pods oval-ovate, 8 mm. long, black, abruptly and sharply acumi-
nate, not oblique, filled with the oblong seeds which are truncate
at both ends, 1 mm. long and a little wider above and with a con-
spicuous honeycomb coat with the cells in longitudinal lines go going
clear through the coat which is about as thick as the seed soit
Seed veg quite different from the other species and fro
Castille
The following Salvias were submitted to Prof. Carl Epling of
Univ. Cal, Los Angeles branch who has pence son on the Labi-
tz but who follows the Vienna code, as I do

U CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY £2

Salvia—Culosphace. —PURPUREZ,

Salvia Marci Epling n. sp. No, 27298. Arroyo Undo
rancho prope Loreto, Baha Cul. e Jones lecta constituta est; typ-
um in herb. Univ. Calif.(Los Angeles) vidi. Frutex pulcher am-
wbilis, ramiz incano-tomentellis, internodiis 2-4 em. longisa; folio-
rum habitu Monardz mollis, laminis 8-10 cm. longis late lanceo-
lutia ad apices acutissimos gradatim angustatis in basi rotundatis,
marginibus serratis, pagina superiore virido inferiore pulchra inca-
na ambobus presertim inferiore mollissime tomentellis, petiolis
1-2 cm. longis, elatis; floribus 6-12, in verticillastris approximatis

dispositis; calycibus florentibus 8-9 mm, longis extus incano-tom-

purpurearum tubo 18-20 mm, longo ad basem valde abrupte an-
gustato: invaginato, labia inferiore quam superiore galeoto breviore:
stuminibms in galea inclusis. Nov. 261939. Etiam Diguet, sine

GLAREOS &,.

Salvia emaciata Epling n. sp. No. 744 Hartman.
Chihuahuas in locis humidis prope Pilares lecta oonstituta est; ty-
pum in herb, Univ. Cal. (Berkeley). Isotyposin herb. Kew et
trray vidi. Herba annua, gracilis, tenella, altitudine ad 35 cm

uritate paulo auctis; corollarum
tubo 5-5.5 mm. longo, labia spperiore subfalcata, 4-5-5 mm. alts
iuferiore 6-7 mm. longa, lacinia media cordats. Inter Rio Chico

io Cabello, Sierra Madre Sept 29 1911 Barlow, Soldier Canon

et
— Madre 6400 ft. alt. Sept 161903 Jones et Colonia Juarez
ones.

EUSIGMOIDEA,

em., cawlibus e caudice lignoso ascendentibus sparse pubescentibus
vel cum pilis extensis glandulosis conspersis: internodis irediis 3-8
cm. longis:foliorum laminis 2.5.4 em longis, 18-25 mm. latis,
ovatis, in apice obtusis, in basi rotundatis, petiolis 3-6 mm. longis
elutis, Margiae irregulariter crenato-serrata, paginis ambobus hir-
teblis: floribus3-6 in verticlllastris bracteia caducis parvis subtentis,
glomerulis inter se 1-4 cm, distantibus in spicis interruptis 20-40
cm. longis, gracilibus, laxis, dispositis: calycibus florentibus 5.5-6
cm lougis, extus hispidulis, in maturitate 8 mm. longis; corolla-

CONTRIBUTIONS TO bidetodvee a od hi 53

rum 6 mm, longo; Jabia superiore 3 mm. _ alta, interiore Be 9 mm.
diam.
MEMBRAN ACEA( ESCHOLTZOIDEL).

Salvia verecunda .n sp. Epling In miontibtiy Siditte
Madris Mex, in canone ga ee lecta Spud est; typum In
herb. Coll, Pomona vidi. . Herba: perenne, parva, éreeunda: ;caul-
ibus ascendentibus, 20-30 cm. altis, hirtellie, folivrain latninis del:

tn-serrata, paginis ambobus viridis et: hirtellis; glomerulis inter se
1-3 em, distantibus, bracteis viridibus ciliatis subtentis; calycibus
florentibus 6 mm. longis extus ad basim minute glan dulosis et, pilis
ae ees setaceis, sparsisssme conspersis in maturitate fere gla-
brie paulo auctis: corollarum tubo 4 mm. longo, intus nudo, labia
superiore 2.5 min. alta, inferiore 5.5 mm: longo.
Uyptis decipiens n. sp. No. 27299, Triunfo L)' Cal!
Oct ! nee ates to He eee erect, shrubs 3-6 ft. high.
with stems ending in open..panicles,, Whole ‘plant 8 eed
ae sek the white woolly Oe aa but leaves puberulent on
the raised nerves below, and roughened on the upper side’ with
minute hairs, The pubescence throughont consists of rather
long-stalked hairs branching at tip into a stellate-appearing miass,
but really the branches are 'slternate. The pubescence of the pan-
icles is densely-white, very close, andi mot woollv, ‘all the’ parts
from calyx to peduncles about apes white. ‘Leaves ovate to
lanceolate, cuneate into the petiole, ‘1 cm. long,’ mostly acuminate
ar tip, obtusely crenulate, reduced site: those of the’ panicles
about aninch long and elliptical. » Panicles'a foot or two ‘Jong,
opea, of many ascending branches: with regular pairs of clusters,
eae +h on a pedungle .5-l inch long: Clusters umbellate;’ of about
5 flowers on oat pedicels abont as long asthe 3 mmi-long’ calyx
isa with filiform lobes half she mnahe Corolle not over oe mm,
Jong, purple, ,
Sphacele hastata Geng. Ivan Johubton ia his flora of the Revil.
lagigedo islands speaks of the vile smell of the plant. TI can
that it was infested with a cloud of hummingbirds all dry i in the
Lagunas and that I did not observe any bad ‘odor. It ‘covered an
acre there and was apparently at home.’ I also saw it on the trail
in 1923 on the east side: of the Tange. Tt “may have been intro-

duced.

it aeciareia Brownei' var | pilosiitscuta Griy of Texas tins oblong-o-
vate nutlets, 2mm. long and’ rather ree gation with” feleh

buck and conspicuously white- motile

54 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Lippia barbata Brandg. This species requires a better description
than the one given. My specimens from the Cayuca ranch in the

a I
Whole plant very rough-pubescent throughout even to the small
flowers. Hairs appressed from a pustulate base. Leaves thick
wud leathery, raised-pinnate-veincd, 2-3 inches long, ovate to lance-
olute-ovate, acute, low-and bluntly-crenate, very, shortly-cuneate
into the very short petiole, nearly equally pubescent on both sides
rarely oval-ovate and obtusish. Floweis apparently dicecious,
white, the fertile ones in dense and ovate hends(at first) about an
inch long and as long as the peduncles, the flowers themselves be-
ing barely as long as the ovate and overlapping, green and obtuse
bracts, 8mm. lung and rather densely short-pubescent. The
whole floral cluster is not exserted beyond the leaves, At maturi-
ty the 5-nerved bracts disurticulate about 1 mm. above the rachis
and fall off, the stout pedicels are articulated to the top and cup-
shaped and about 1 mm. loug and remain on the rachis which is
ils

oe Srooves between, not punctate nor warty, with angles a_lit-
west aoe The plants remind one of pilulifera, but seeds diff

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 55

Euphorbia bilobata Eng. has warty seeds in all forms
Enphorbia longepetiolata .n sp. No. 27514a, La Bar-

ranca, Guadalajara, Nov. 12 1930 end same loc. No. 27538 An-
nuals, erect and widely branched, with long internodes and deepl y
sulcate branches. Leaves opposite, 2-3 inches long, very thin, 1-
nerved, entire, elliptical-lanceolate-acuminate, the blades 1-2 in-
ches long, with petiole half as long and filiform. Flowers few, in
the axils, white, petaloid appendages minute. Pods smooth and
glaucous. Seeds about 1 mm, long, about oval, with 3 lines of
transverse and quadrangular pits, black or olive-colored, acutish.
waste places in fields, This is also like E, Francoaia Boiss.
inflores:ence different. E, graminifolia is similar,

Euphorbia tenuissima n. sp. No. 27514, La Bar-
ranca, Guadalajara, Nov, 25 1930, Allied te E, subreniformis W

reiiformis. About a foot high and openly branched, Seeds pec-
d

Many species at times have the stamens exserted and anthers
didymous, with each lobe about spherical.

uphorbia pseudoserpyllifolia Millsp. seems to be perennial

At least all my speimens are slightly shrubby below. The seeds

are narrowly oblong, acutish, reddish, deeply grooved longitudin-

ally and without cross-wrinkles or warts, There is a large group

branches. Leaves 2-3 inches long, thick, elliptical, sharply low-
serrate as if glandular, and with teeth having a tuft of hairs at

late below and appearing as if greener above, but yellowish and
with pubescence more compact, pinnate-nerved though the basa

long. Fruits on stout pedicels 1-2cm. long, mostl single and

° e po
ridge down the sides to the middle through which they split and
continue tothe base. The seeds are gray, mottled, and conform

56 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

to the external shape of the pods and are 4 mm. shorter than the
cells. This has the habit of C. Magdalenx Millsp. but grows at
higher clevations in the same life zone,

Jatropha spathulata Muell Arg. seems to have two marked
forms, one with globose pods is rare, the other has didymons pods
and spherical seeds half as long as the usual form. I do not con-

sider the var. sessiliflora M. A. as vali d, My ne. "27506 from the
Cape with knotted stems is the common form. No. 275 sf from
the Borego ranch is less knotted and with longer leaves. No.
27607 from Triunfo is not knotted. There are cenutanitie forms
with only 2-celled pods that are confusing,

atropha decipiens n. sp. No. 27828, La Barranca
Guadalajara, Nov. 25 1930, A tall bush 6-8 ft. high, with long
and slender branches and short panicles in the upper axils, Leaves
4-5inches long, smooth, entire, oe shortly cuneate below
into a stout petiole 1 em. long, abruptly triangular-acuminate at
tip, thin, feather-veined, opposite. Fruits fleshy, yellow 1- 1. Sem.
wide and 1 em. long, either globose and single seeded or 2-celled
and somewhat didymot ous. Seeds either spherical or éohsplousieds
flattened on the commissural side. rohit a cluster of ra-
bas

Buiddleia corrugata n. sp. Gee? 27361, Arroyo Undo, S.-
erra Giganta, Oct. 26 1930. A slender and openly branched shrub
a few feet high, with dark bark and white- woolly-stellate twigs
and leaves. Leaves 1-2 inches long, reticulate below, deltoid-cu-
below into a very short petiole, coureel y and strong] y few-t othe d
very obtuse, oblong. ovate, inabout 3-4 pairs on the short season’s
twigs. Flowers few, in small and mac Leite arranged racemose:
ly at the ends. Meads -23, Flowers very small.
oranthns anomalus n. sp. No. 2733), La Barranca,
Guadalajara, Nov. 171939. An olive- green shrub 2-3 fs. long,
wit] woody stems nd filiform branches, With scattered, smooth.
and entire leaves, 2-3 inches long, shortly acuminate at both ends

e lower ones in racemes and on pedicels about
tear ee: the others in catkins an inch or less long which ara
sae inies on the miin eae All flowers aeons 2 ferti =

Mortonia aspera .n sp. No. 27502, Arroyo Undo, Sierra
Giganta, Oct. 251930. A rigidly Brinched: but aC OpTEOAG shrub
4-6 ft. high, with dark brown bark becoming grayish-striate on
the pubescent twigs. Leaves alternate and inclined to be fascialed

on low warts, about an iach long, nearly oval bat with short and —
yery pubescent petiole. Leaves. yallowish, thick, 3-nervedl, entire —

6b:

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 57

Lut seemingly inclined to be wavy on the margins, very much
rounded at tip and rarely a little retuse, minutely papillose with
clusters of raised and shining cells which become elongated one
concentric in the center surrounding aw stout, erect, and taperir
airs Fruits vellowish to orange-colored, ok on the warts
oval, apiculate from the stout remains of f th e2-lobed stigma, a lit
tie suleate between the seeds, 2-celled, 2- seeded, indehiscent, pu-
bernlent, on stout pedicels their ewn length, spreading, 7 mm,
ong by 4mm. wide, a Jitile flattened at the sutures. This would
pass for Colubrina glabra Wat. which is a very variable species
but the fruit and Dai eke are different
Dodoneea mld Sorte sis n. sp. N 0. 21087. The putes a
guna mts.,Sept 24 1930, A slender yaar 6-8 ft. bigh. Lea b-
long-lanceolate, spiculate, entire, 3 inches long, nearly an ee
mide, finely feather-veined, tapering into a short and mar gined
petiole 6 mm. long vshining and appearing as if waxy,very minutely
pubescent, clustered at the ends of the branches, Clusters of
fruit almost sessile. Pedrncles nearly Ls cem.long, filiform. Fruit
deeply emarginate above and below, lem. hig A, about 1.5 em.
wide, smooth, eet few in the obnaters This belongs in the
chess ino grou
Vi y pestnaninvls n.sp. No. 27159. Laguna mts.,
Sept 22 1930, 650U ft. alt., growing high on Pinus cembroides.
Leaves cordate. ovate-acuminate, about 3 inches long. smooth a-

black nearly 1 em. wide, fruiting copiously. Tendrils stout, pet-
ioles about an inch long. leaves regalarly low-serrate and with
teeth ending in sharp prickles { mm, high and callused,

Condalia Parryi Gray has chrome-yellow fruits 1.5m. lon by 1
cm, wide, round and smooth in cross-section, elliptical, rather
acute at both ends, eianratad: apiculate at tip, the pulp of ped
1-2 mm. thick, sweetish and a little bitter, seperating readily from
the ponte seeds which are chocolate colored and obliquely beaked
at both ends and a little flattened and with traces of two pune
lines ay the sides, the walls are very bony and. hard and 2-2.5m
thick and “reddish, with 2-3 seeds in each cell, which seeds are rou <a
‘The pedicels are about % inch Jong and mostly single in fruit. The
fruits fall quickly at maturity. The bushes are 6-8 ft. high usu-
ally and much branched an gre

Abutilon Haxratice n. sp. No. 27162 La Barranca.
Guadalajara, Nov. 19 1930. A sani shrub 3-6 ft. high with
nearly simple stems ending in a narr nicle. Stems sho nde

pan
pubescent with rather long stellate hates from a pustulate base an
inclined to be glandular on the eno pages Leaves many, "
inches long, 7-nerved, ovate-acuminate to ovate-lanceolate-acu-
wh doo somewhat cordate bioaes on stout petioles an inch long,
ith nerves raised below, softly pubescent below with long-rayed

53 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

stellate hairs, nearly smooth above and with surface appearing
as if scurfy, with veins impressed. The stout pedicels ascending
and jointed near the tip, haif an inch long. owers pale-yellow
and with rounded petals about lem. long. Calyx rather rotate-
spreading in flower, with lobes triangular-ovate-acuminate and a-
bout 8 mm. long, stellate-pubescent as are the carpels, about as
long asthe fruit. Fruit depressed-globose and truncate at tip.
Carpels 2-seeded, about 10, minutely beaked at the blunt tip, 3
mm. long. Seeds angular, barely puberulent. Leaves low-crenate.
Sida rajoides n. sp. No. 27163, Primiera Agua Sierra
Giganta Oct. 191930, A slender and erect bush 3-5 ft. high ra-
cemosely branched above, the whole upper part becoming a com-
pound and leafy panicle. Whole plant minutely and velvety-stel-
late. pubescent even to the fruit. Leaves ovate, fr a truncate

obscurely and doubly crenulate, 7-nerved from the very base and
with veins conspicuously raised below and impressed above, barely
°

8 Dp

dalajara, Nov, 16 1930. Annual and erect and slendor plant ra-
cenosely branched above in an open panicle. Basal leaves trian-
gular-ovate-cordate, the blades 2-3 inches long, green,sparsely stel-
late-pubese ent on both sides, passing gradually into linear ones
above which are entire and hastate-lobed below, with the ears 1 cm.
long and defloxed, root leaves crenate, Panicle ry open and
ditfuse with elongated branches and the filiform peduncles 1-3
neheslong. Calyx about 5 ma. loag, with trisngular lobes half
v3 long, nob enlrreging in feuit. Fiowears very narrow, an inch
loag, p irple, wita the pstals soprrate anl coaspicuoasly stalked
Peeing foci i iit ithe Ne exsertel a3 it

: ’ + 008+ 2 idymous and with a con
spicusus white connective batween the cells, Fruit about 5 mm
wida, of about 10 carpals whic's ara hispid at tip anl truncate.
and eared on the wigles. Svels black, traneate at tip, with the,
arched back flat or a littlo grooved along the middle and raz32,

thisin Kosteletz<ia bat the fruit edaragtars are those o: Sils.
d

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 59

Sida rajoides. Add to description,
tae of the valve just below the middle where it is 4
ni Pegg tala toward eachend. Fruit strongly beiked. poe

beak’ . long, and at last splitting into 5 needle-like
Seeds blackish about 2 mm, long, half ova), rather pointed at
both ends and longitudinally and fiinely striate-pitted. Pods con
spicuously exserted, At first one is inclined to take this for a
Waltheria for it has that habit.Nos. 54170 from east of Loreto
and 27166 from the Cape

Hettasunis Palmeri Rose reminds one of Hibiscus and Triun-
fettia, but the 5 linear-lanceolate anthers opening by pores at the
tip prevent its being in either genus, e anthers are describe

chor-like with haif a dozen sharp arms reflexed and radiate. The
flowers are conspicuous and yellow,

Helianthemum glomeratum Lag. is quite common at the La-
guna, growing on the open plain, and is a tufted shrub about 2 ft,
high, og et ee an (Enothera when in bloom. It seems too
rear to
Hy banthus peuhinalints n. sp. East-of Todos Santos at
Borego ranch and at Cayuca ranch, Oct 231950. A tufted per-

ennial 2 ft. high, inclined to be shrubby below, + acemosely
branched throughout, and with weak and herbaceous stems, ash
cn young parts with short and incurved hairsas if miuutely woolly.
leaves roughened on the ribs, lanceolate-acuminate, coarsely
toothed, variously cuneate below, ptt de above thin, ona pet-
icle 1 em. long, 2-3 inches long. Flowers in short terminal ra-
comes, and single in the axils of waned leaves, on pedicels &
. long, spreading, dull-white. Calyx lobes elliptical and acute
ia ‘inclined to be lanceolate, 2 mm. long and as long as the glo-
love pa ashy, hyaline on the margins and green in the center
#1 d I-nersed, Petals white, merely as long as ag a see the V-
rheped bled -like apex. Pods rather cblate ecth, green ard
pojutless, 3-valved with amooer. aie light- wake aa: trique-
tious seeds

Lechea depressa n. sp. No. 27117. The Laguna, La-
guna mts., Sept. 221930, Plants growingsin rocky places urcer
rocks in tufts about 4 inchcs high. Stem innumerable from
aw thickened crown, fillform, thie: upper half becoming an open
panicle of compound racemes, the flowers of which come out op-
posite but below the corresponding and green bracts. Leaves im-
Lricated, very many, bisulcate below, 5 mm, Jong. linear, acute,
uppressed- strigose-hairy, as is the calyx. Flowers chestnut-col.
cred, with the petuls not exserted, and the many stamens barel ys-
ard with didymous anthers. Fruits globose, 2 mm- long, with
the valves splitting away from the erect partition and leaving the
vertical and obliquely-ovate recds single cin -each cell. This

60 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY
species is manifestly near to L. minor which has the same pubes-
cence,

Mentzelia barranc@ n. sp. No. 27101, La Barranca,
Guadalajara, Nov. 15 1930, Plants resembling M. Conzatii Green-
man, Shrubby, with brittle stems erect or nearly so but spreading
and openly branched. Pubescence throughout minute, but in-
clined to be hoary, of simple but very warty tapering and ap-
pressed hairs, Leaves lanceolate from a nearly truncate base,
doubly and laciniate-serrate, 2-4 inches long, long-acuminate,
thin, the upper ones inclined to be opposite, all on short petioles.

lowers light- orange-yellow, nearly 2 incheslong. Sepals filiform-
subulate, 15cm long. Petals oblanceolate. Pods oblong, 1 em.
ong. Seeds few, oblongand rngose, Stamens many, with fila-
ments about an inch long.

Cereus pecten-aboriginum Wat. So far as I can see, this is
form of Pringlei Wat, ‘I'he description of the flowers tallies and
the frufts are the form with fasciated areoles, The species near
(ruadalajara has somewhat less ribs but it is hardly probable that
there can be two species with the same pods and flowers as in Prin-
glei. Iincline to think that the ripe fruit of Pringlei would be
edible when the spiny coat is stripped off. There is a kind of
fasciation in Cereus where there is an elongation of the spines
which the natives call ‘‘viejo‘* old man, whiskered cactus. Grow-
ers say this occurs only on flowering twigs, a fact that I doubt.
I regard it more like a cancerous condition. It is most common

; flowers of Pringlei are 3-4 inches long and stout and
thick, black-purple without and white within and grow near the
tips of the stems on the south side and the fruits form a great
chestnut colored burr 4 inchos wide.

_ _ Cereus gummosus has the long and tapering flowers of the
night-blooming class and probably opens at night for it is open In
the morning. The stems are decumbent and rooting neur the
sea but straggling upward inthe interior. Tho fruits are peat-
shaped and spinose till maturity when they turn purple and the
spines fall off leaving the juicy and edible pear 4 of which mak?
a meal, They call it ‘* petaiya agria‘‘ at Loreto It blooms all
the year but flowersand fruit are scarce, ;

EONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 61

According to Bacigalupi in Cont. Gray Herb.95 21 my Cuphes
Wrightii is a good new variety (nematopetala Bac.).J]t is my no
35 of the 1884 collection which is the same ss — no. 24989 from
Ramsey canon Ariz, distributed as C, Palm

nothers Berlandieri Spach appears tobe a good species of
the ‘I'ropical life zone below Laredo ‘Texas, but is placed as a vari-
ety of specioza by Munz in his revision. It grows only in the
Tropical, fariiey large mats 20 ft. or more in iy prveiaee and has
pink-purple flowers, while speciosa has white and seems to be a
wititer annual, though plants cultivated here as pet es are per-
ennials. Speciosa covers many equare miles in the Lower Temp-
erate as a winter a ¥

ymopterus purpurascens Jones was supposed and intended
by me to be the same as C. glomeratus var. purpurasceus Gray in
Bot ves and was fully deacbed by me, but pupurascens and pur-
purasceus are not identical words and for that reason my name
must stand for the species and not Rose’s a. At the time
of publication I did not know that there was a difference,

Deweya, Velea Arracacia, Tauschia and Drndeophytum.
Rose takes up the older Velza for Deweya in his first Richi in
t ie second relegates Deweya to its type, argnta, and creates Drudeo
phytum for the other species, and apparently without good reason.
Me Bride combines them all in Tauschia along with Arracacia.
That the genera are all sols related is agent but th eir plece
in the family was not attempted. A close stu dy of Arracacia
Bran legei in the field in 1930 shows its relationship to Osmorhiza.
J incline to think that Deweya and Tauschia may be congeneric
und possibly some Arracacias should go to Tauschia but I propose
keeping up Arracacia. This genusasI understand it has thin
leaves, spinulose on the margins, and corky and raise d rfbs on the
almost ee fruits, in cross section, the commissure being
very narrow and with a single oil tube in the nor tiv is in all,
and eink peice at the junction of the commissure with the
face. Tauschia has a tendency to have feat iary leaves ney is des-
titute of corky and raised ribs, tant ah ag se no standing.
hs ie Brandegei var. sylvatic
Typical Brandegei is a plant of the Tropical. hills of Magda-
lena Island ind goes up to the upper limit of the zone in the La-
yunas. The plants are coarse and tall, 3ft. or more high with
hollow and inflated stems and very large and coa pagent a
in a rosatte at the base, with ovate loaflets co oe oe unded a
the base and 2-3 inche es long, and finely spinulose- eats. i
thin. Flowers described as purple, but normally yellow. The

ators

62 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

variety has stems as slender as Osmorhiza nuda and are either
erect or decumbent and widely spreading. ‘The basal leaves are
ternate and with divisions pinnate into 1-5 pairs of long-acumin-
ate leaflets cuneate at base and inclined to be doubly spinulose-ser-
rate and 1-3 inches long. The fruit is oval-ovate to linear-elliptic
aud lem. or less long, almost cylindrical in cross-section, an

smooth. The roots, unlike those of Osmorhiza, are fleshy-woody
and coarse, large, and vertical. It has the same almost capillary
rays much elongated, and the involucre is wanting asa rule, but
sometimes is represented by a short leaf, mostly of 3leaflets, The
flowers are yellow. The whole habit is that of Osmorhiza, anl it

grows in the shade of pines and liveoaks on the top of the Laguna
its., Sept 22 1930, No, 27071. Typical Brandegei, my No. 24152
from the eastern slope in 1928 is very coarse and large, growing in
damp places, in the open in the upper part of the Tropical and
below the liveoaks, one would consider distinct but there are in-
tergrades.

rracacia Tapalpe n. 89. Typ3 in Pomona coll. A

low plant wita tae habit of faaschia nudicaulis and about the

same hight, and, like it, widely spreading, with similar leaf-sheaths
on the upper leaves (inflated and with winged petiole),and with

the same(3-4 pairs) number of leaflets, but leaflets rather narrowly
vvate, wouce. and insisel instead of oval-ovate and minutely cre-
nue and obtuse, about 4 inch long. Flowers yellow. Umbels
simple asin nudicaulis, withont involucre or sometimes with

leaf-like one. Rays hardly 1 em. long, rather few. Involucels

with tip usuallyerect. In fruit the peduncles seem to stiffen and
be more erect. t the point where the first peduncle starts is 2

3-branched and all but one leafy bracted. One would think that

this kind of development would lead to an indefinite growth, bul
none of my planls are over 4 inches high. There are no otherstem

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 63

leaves than there brects, but the root leaves are often half a dozen
and 3 inches long. with proper petiole shorter than the sheath
and with about 6 pairs of distinct ard ovate to lanceolate leaflets
with a cuneate and generally sessile base, These leaflets are never
a third inch lorg snd sre doubly ard irregularly serrate toward
the tip where they pass into variously cut and lobed sections, the
teeth are callus-tipned, Flowers yellow. Involucre none, repe-
resented by a ring of short and woolly hairs which is found at the
base of all leaf-bracts on the stems. The young fruit broadly
ovate and would he oval were it not a little coatrenten at tip, 3-4
lor g, With bread and rounded corky ribs, shallow and widest
in the noudle
Spermolepis divaricata ( Walt.) Raf. Neog. 2 1829, I note 3
blunders of Coulter & Rose on page 87 of their monograph, The
genus is fem nine ‘ed not masculine, and Britton was aot the auth-
or of the combination.
m depressum hn. asp. No. 82793 Pom, Coll. Herb.
Lake near San Miguel Zacatecas Mex, May 6 1392, Joner, A de-
pressed and apparent winter aunual a few inches high, either stem-
less and with leaves and peduncles congested at the root or with
short and decumbent stems and long peduncles. Leaves tripin-
nate, with final segments linear and yaaa 3-nerved, 6 _ ‘sap
Fruit oblately round, rather truncate at the end, the 2 a & Bp-
pearing as half-oval, with equal corky ribs and smooth, ahont Imm
long, manifestly allied to A. repens.
1elia cuneifolia n. ap. No. 27 850, Arroyo Undo,
Sierra Giganta, Oct. 261930. Leaves fascicled in knots and with
tingle flowers on pedicels 1 cm. long. Leavea 1-2 inches long,
spatulate, with reunded tip and slightly petioled, seemingly smooth
but minutely puberulent, gray, with veins barely visible. Thorns
few and short. This would be taken for B, reticulata ee &
but leaves very different. A low and rigid shrub with dar
arsonsia dispersa n. sp. No. 27398, La Bias ca,
— Noy, 251930. Allied to Cuphea Cuarnavacana Rose
and glandulosa Jones. An erect annual and widely branched into
filiform branchlets, long- -hairy-black-glandular throughout. Leaves
very thin, elliptical-lanceolate-acuminate, about 3 inches long,
ninutely crenulate, truncate to cuneate into a short petiole, many.
Upper internedes short, Flowers few and in racemose pee
abeut 1 inch long, conspicuously spurred and strongly gree
striped calyx black-hsiry on the stripes. Petals bluish- Sects,
oblanceolate, long-:]awed, nearly 1 inch lo ong. Seeds rounded-oval
and 3mm, wide, strongly margined, dark and mostly mottled, Gat.
peduncles ‘3 inch long, ascending and with flowers neflexed. 2
fields, showy.

4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Parsonsia purpureocalycis n. sp. No. 27148, mia,
east of Loreto on mesas Oct 17 145), Plants allied to P. micro-
cephila and ternata apparently, Rather tall and siender, probably
snrubby below, 3-4 ft. high and erect. Rough-pubescent
thrvughout to even strigose on the young parts and calyx with
white and ascending hairs, the larger hara with pustulate base
surrounded:by a circular row of cells, the raised nerves of the
Jeuves consist of several parallel cells. Lower leaves lanceolate,
reastie, about 3 inches lung, entire, acute, penninerved and with
nerves impressed above and raised below, shining though minute-
ly roughened, not glandnlar, reduced above. Branches racemose,
wscending. Flowers rather racemose above, not truly axillary, as-
veiling on stout pedicels abont 4mm. long. Pods oblong, 1 em.
long, truncate, paper-walled. Seeds flat, smooth, purple-mottled
wn about 2 mm, wide, round but truncate to alittle cordate at

oth ends, Calyx 2 inches long by about 4 mm, wide. not spurred
below but truncate, a little wider, black-purple exvept at base.
Ualyx lobes deltoid, very hairy. Petals deep-orange, slightly ex-
Berted,

the leaves overlap Leaves cordate-oval .5- 1.5 inch long, very
obtuse, vsiny, 7-nerved at base, smooth except for strigose hairs on
the veins and stems. Pods smooth, about 3 inches long by an inch
wide in the middle, triangular-acuminate at tip, less so below,
cessile, Flowers absent. Petioles about 1 cm. ong.

erjania Papilio n. sp. No. 27327, La Barranca,
Guadalajara, Nov. 19 1930, growing on bushes lik Clemstis does.
Stems variously angled but not evidently sulcate mor striate but
white-woolly-pubascent in lines. Leaves innate, of 5 leaflets,
the laterals almost sessile, the terminal one cuneate into a short
petiolule, aflets ovate to oval, 1.5-2 inches ‘long, biserrate ra-
ther deeply and irregularly, shortly and abruptly acuminate, rather
thick, whit e-woolly below an nearly smooth above, strongly ve-
nose ou both sides, the terminal one winged on the petiolule. Pe-
duncles stout, the longert ones 3-5 inches long’ and with a very

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 65

stout coilatthe end. Flowers white, rather many, ona short ra-
chs aud nearly sessile, 3mm. Jong, open, the patulate petals
and fiameuts sparsely hairy throughout. Filaments recurved at
hee Anthers earth ‘al and puberulent, Vrait about aninch long
-+ wide, cordate, with each wing 12 mm, wide, straight veined
and shining but niente y woolly, produced a little (1 mm. wide)
agotad the tip of the cell, Cells flattened slightly, but nearly
globose, 3 mm. wide, not inflated, lis Seems near S, i oi
Ipomoea Acaponetensis. n. sp. No. 23247, Aczpo
neta Nayarit (Tepiec) est March 3 1927. a free and tall climber
Leaves large, inclined to be tripartite and with broad sinus, softly
unt veivety pilose, 4 inches long, sinuate-toothed and very wide,
Juteruodes long. Flowers many, in corymbs. on pedicels 1-2
inches long, about L incl long, with tube half the whole and then
e as v0 7 and with short lobes. Calyx lobes ending in filiform
tips lem. oig. Pods a ovate, 1 em. long, Dee black.
Beeiacs Rondlori var, perennis mn. var. Stema 1-2 ft. long,
perennial, Leaves reniform, sHaniilananeie. wavy on the margins
wud on petioles 2-3 mm, long, Flow wers puberulent. Sepals 35
pened senecnhy acute, No, 27080, the laguna, Laguna mts.,
Sept. 1930,
Devinavis barrance n. sp. No 27051a, La Barranca, Gua-
ddaujara, Nov. 17 1950. Growing wi ith D. Blasiana Jones Cont.
A weak and widely s reading annual with capillary stems
Leaves renifor A atecwia: inclined to be deltoid at base, on cap-
illary petioles halt to a third theirlength, sparsely long-hairy, as
is the whole plant. Flowers single, in open cymes, on pedicels
ietover an inch long. Sepals oblong-ovate, pointless. narrowly
hyaline-margined, Petals very narrow and about as long as sepali
Stelluria lagunensis n. sp. No. 27059, the laguna, La-
guna inte., Sept 22 1939. Weakly erect from running filiform
roots, widely branched from the base, 1-2 ft. long, the upper half

and shorter than the capsules. Seeds black, ee lenticular,

rather sharp-edged, obliquely reniform .5 mm, wide. Leaves lin-
ear, 1 inch long. stipules wre or Gedaved: to hairs.
Idenia Loretensis 1 No. 27394 Mts. east of

Sp.
Lorin Oct 171930. A prosirats shrub. white- hoary, in mats &
foot in diametcr, Stems zigzag. gyal specially dense on
the petioles Leaves with blade about 3 mm. long, on stout peti-
oles half as long, sities, rigid, deltoid-ovate, with revolute mar-
gins rather erose and with midrib: imprassed, acute, Phe at
the end of twigs. Flowers white, about as long as the leaves,
with calyx lobes barely visible. Bark of stems niitaiie

.

\

£6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Ca-
yx 5-cleft to the base and with the linear lobes2 mm. lone. The
ovate capsule about as long as the calyx and 2-valved to the base.
Flowers deep-blue with yellow throat.

uelfia megacantha n. sp. No 27387, La Barranes,
Guadalajaea, Noy, 25 1930.. Growing on steep slopes, a very
slender and openly branched shrub, 4-6 ft. high, with leaves in--
clined to be clustered at the ends of twigs. Young leaves rather

minate at beth ends, on petioles not over 1 cm. long. Flowers
bine, 2.2.5 inches long, about 1.5 inches wide, puberulent, with
rounded lobes 2 inch long, widely spreading, tube 1-2 em. S.
then funnel-form and as long. Calyx lobes hardly 1 cm. ng,
narrow, about as long as the oblong-obovate and almost sessile
fruit. Flowers about 3 in a leafy cluster at ends of twigs. Two

epauperate B, Californica,
those of Purpusii, color of flowers
tube barely 2 mm. wide, no viscosity, in-

ot! ede ot see an ood reason for
ogee this Into several species as has been if .

one.
Q22Q7 : ; ay
f NO. 23391 is Crusea parviflora TI. & A, not villcsa,

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 67

- reading, f m. m d
half belie ne joes ‘ee rather abruptly contracted to the very
slender tu

ria lagunensis n. sp. No. 27124, the Laguna
Laguna hire Sept’ 22 1930. Tufted woody plants growing under
liveoaks, about 2 ft, high. with many stems from the crown of the
vertical root. Stems simple, with about 4 pairs of leaves, asperu-
lous with very short white hairs apparently from a pustulate base.
Leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, more
so toward the tips, entire, with revolute margius, opposite, white
below and green above, somewhat asperulous with scattered hairs
but surface appearing as if covered with flat granules. Flowers
in dense terminal rarely proliferous heads, dark- snirplay 5 mm.
long, with slender tube and ovate lobes about 1 mm. long ard
equaled by the oblong anthers, tube slightly longer than the tri-
angular-subulate (and at length acerose) and hispid calyx lobe.
permacoce Jaliscensis n. sp. No 27118, Orendain
Jalisco, Nov, 30 1930. Plants growing in tufts 1.5 ft, high, s trict-
ly erect, shrubby below, branching a little above the middle. Stems
smooth. Leaves smooth, linear, revolute, strongly ribbed, fas-
cicled, acuminate at bo th ends, nearly sessile, entire, 2 inches
long by 3 mm, wide, with few or no sete in the axils. The
sheathing stipules truncate and with few'setw. Inflorescence cor-
vymbose and with few cymosely arranged heads, Peduncles 1-3
inches long, strict. angled, fistulous at tip and winged there, most-
ly with a cluster of leavea subtending the half-inch hed. Calyx
lobes green, linear, rigid, acerose, smooth, tube hairy. Flowers
ps mm
uchea flabellitormis n. sp. No. 27439, Triunf>
Oct 6 1930" Erect and simple annual much like B. dissecta Wat.
and with the same ashy pubescence. Aah channeled, 1-2 ft.
high and ending in a bractless raceme 4-6 inches long. Leaven
opposite, oval-ovate, cuneate into the filiform petiole which is 4
as long as the blade, the whole 2-4 inches long, dissected nearly
half way to the midrib into 4-11 oblong and apiculate lobes about
1 cm. long, occasional lobes again cut. Flowers 1cm, long. Ca.
lyx tube linear, clavate, the subulate teeth about 1 mm. long,
Corolla exserted, nearly as long as calyx tube, rather labiate and
4mm. wide at tip, blue, Frust twice as wide as in dissecta and
so now itt 4 exserted.
4 Stemmadenia rugosa n. sp. No. 27317, La Barran-
ex Guadalajara, Nov.17 1930. A shrub 6-10 ft. high with slen-
_ drbrarches, entirely smooth. Leaves oblong- lar ceolate-acumin-
ae, subcordate below, 3- : inches long, on petioles nearly as long,

Ut] CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

entire, 1-2 inches wide, Flowers iw terminal cymes, white, about
3 em. jong, and nearly 43 wile, with sort tube barely longer than
calyx alyx lobes about oval and rou: ided, 1 em. long. - Corolla
lobes finely wrinkled when dry, connected by a thin membrane.
Growing in rocky places,

iburnum deltoideum n. sp. No. 27306. The Cape,

Sept 14 1950. A shrub about 6 ft. higa, with slender and open-
ly branched etems, Leaves ovate to deltoid, triangular-acute at
both ends. low-crenate, smooth or ashy, on glender petioles half

as (ong as the bladea and not margined. Flowers 1 cm wide, white
aya w “th tube as long. Calyx loves lincar-subulate, 1 em. lon g. ;
Umbels mostly sessile. eae wanting,
obelia amabilis n.sp, Laguna mits. Sept. 22 1930.

An erect aul skoler anal ahout 2ft. high, with short aahew
whos many thin leaves, Basal leaves mach re aor e vate, ;about
ich long, triangular-acute, cuneate into the sh
ps ae which is nearly a3 long as the blade, adiatatels and rather
oursely few-tuvthed. Middle leaves the largest, lanceolate-acu-
piven about 3 inches long and with slender petiole 4 to
long #3 the. blade more deeply and irregularly eut- toothed,
Most lenses baal linear. Whole plant up tot
vuscence sp wsely strigose-hairy. Plants inclined to ba cymoscly
branched above, bat i inflore) scunce of 1-3 racemes 1-2 ft. long, the
fl — raps hag eure about L em, long » wikse-sh t
ind with the 3 lower patals broadly ovate ‘ead abor
tee rae Qoper ones tiene and anor. _ Salyx pe abs

icin nights v-
ndj

ees A very graceful, delicate and p atty plant, re
elia eke end sn. sp. No. 22279,

ma TET AAA . 3 ft. high, erect and strict,

cated leav 8 tineat-lasee slate, closely and finel

smooth, about 4 inches long by 4 inch 1 wide, vein

Flowers at first Palanan with red stii ripes,

inches long, with narrow and nearly linear lobes n

tube. Calyx tube 2-3 mm. long, a little shotter ¢ thar
This diffe fro

ubes, Agate
ne serration of the leaves, short und linear corotia see sit
valyx. nere ure forms approaching this from
ineg and linear calyx jobes, by Liudhbeimer, : very
sparse 52 | qeitahe n. sp. La B. ura Gua ;
wit 49 L weak ly exect winual, 6 inchs hig daa jara,
aust brar lies nearly sits. eae thin, elli

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 69

hairs on nerves and margins, 1-2 inches long, almost sessile. Stems
channeled and incimed to be pubesceut in lines. Pods ovate,
eeply 4-angled and d-celied, 4 mi, long, splitiing to base at
maturity. Seeds 2-3in each cell. black when ripe, ee flattened
coarsely ruguse at least sround tue margins, shining, 1.5 mm.’
wide. This is outside the generic limits but ssiot go elsewhere.
Manifestly allied to M. anuua L. but cells bt ss when open,
and not blunt and hairy as in annua, and the s have the few
pits very wide and not pavement-like as in. sowie
Caphesa.Since printing page &0 I incline to ae up rid a
on page ue and so my C. Watsuni becomes Parsonsia Watso
Vernonia camporum n. sp. No, 27696. On abaya
at Orandathi Jalisco, Nov, 27 1930, growing with Cacalia, ete,
Strict and tnfted herbs, 2-3 ft. high, with simple stems, drying
black, 3 small, 4-6 mm. long and 4mm. wide. The pap-
pus slighily’ twats § 2-3 mm. long, ‘bracts fetes black tips, narrowly
oblong, a little floccose and the outer ones acerose-tip
kenes tapering from the truncate tip, oa about 9-ribbed, Leaves
nearly sessile, lanceolate, leathery, 3 inches long by 1-2 em. wide
more evenly low- serrate, roughened on the margins fia punctate,
ascending, many, }
Vernonia viarum n. sp. No. 288 of 1892 from Chi-
guilistlan Jalisco May 30. Erroneously identified by B. L. Rob-
insonas V. Deppeana. A shrub with rather compact and cone-
like panicles of many heads on short and divaricate pedicels,
Whole plant rough ad grayish with minute pubescence. Leaves
elliptical- ‘lanceolate, and shortly acuminate, abont 3 inches long by
1 wide, nearly sessile on a stout petiole aud rounded to truncate
below: Heads nearly globose, about $ inch long. greenish, the
bracts flat, oval, acutish, somewhat lacerate on the margins, abou
4 ranked and successively shorter and a litle shorter than ths
white pappus
ernonia floccesa n. sp. No. 27700, La Barranea,
Guadalajara. Nov. 23.1930. Plants tall, ‘eck rigid, with striate-
angled stems, 46 ft. high, corymbosely branched above. Stems
smooth below, the upper floccose. Upperside of leaves and the
heads densely white-woolly. Leaves lanceolate, leathery, venose,
corrugated, about sessile, 2-3 inches long, sharply low-serrate.
Ocasionally sessile, in small clusters at‘the end of the long common
peduncle (4-6 inches long), which is leafy bracted at tip. Heads
henisp derical, 1 cm long,with closely appressed, oval-ovate, apieu-
late bracts buried in wool, the longest abont as long as the pappus
which is composed of many flat and{filiform parts enlarging gait
and witha agp: sui of similar and acute ones 2-
ng. Akenes dencely setose-pubescent and very short. The
plants clouely Poscnseth ¥; Tse paldlans. Growing on prairies,

v0 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

aairs. Heads globose-ovate, 7 mm. wide and with golden-yellow
rays nearly as long. Ray akenes somewhat flattened and very

but ray akeues dominating the heads. An insignificant herb.

tevis serrata Cav., my No 286/4 from the Chireihua mis.

fascicles of linear and revolute ones aninch long. Petioles vy: ry
short and margined. Heads about 6 mm, long and 4mm. wide
and green, Seales linear, 3-nerved, acute, hairy above, in about

mm, ‘ong,

ne 5 pappus scales which are capillary above their } mm. Jong
sie) base. Flowers purple and very short,
i n \

leaves opposite, nearly linear, 2-3 inches long
acutish, entire, rather thick. The whole upper plant forms
& Narrow and compound panicle of iunumerable, very stall and
erect heads, each on a filiform pedicel 1-3 mm. Jong. Upper
: arrow lines on the inner face,
: » 8Mooth, with 2-4 linear, con-
vex and hyaline, loose, equal, anda little lacerate bracts. F
vrs 2-3 m the heads. Corolla lobes ex
longer than the very short, wide and w

and no pappus and half as long as bracts. Thi

ed . ite unique

plant has the corolla of Mikania b elena i
aad ot Gavin ut absence of climbing habit

upatorium megaphyllum n. sp. X

: : es - Sp. No. 27868, La

Barranca, age wee Nov. 1 1930, 4 ialttand coarae plant w th
; y Cb. Wh and lenver a foc t or ] ; | is
olate, sharply acute, with Vveny low-apiculate desth. sieepity con

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY cg |

contracted into winged petioles = inch ey ne eer if at all con-
nate, ¥mvoth. Flowers in short, axillary and dense panicles.
Heals about 1 em. long, with the ‘sarioule -oblong bracts in about
3 series, and obtuse, striate-nerved and hyaline. Flowers white,
Weste: in compact clusters. This appears near E, compactum,
but heads larger and with more flowers. Leaves 1-ner ved,
Brickeliia Undonis n. sp. No. 27822, Arroyo Undo,
Oct, 26 1930, ries to B. peninsularis but heads congested on
pedicels 1 cm lon Bracts linear and barely acute, not acumi-
inate as in that Epedss but leaves about the same though barely
half as long and with minute pustulate pubescence. Stems white
and not green, in pubescence
ri ickellia megaphylla n. op No. 27814, Arroyo Un-
do, Oct. 23 & 26 1930. A snrub, 4-6 f . high and allied to B.
gr en Oe Leaves triangular- acta, 3 inches long by 2
wide, from nearly entire to lacinia tely toothed, a little cordate,
palm. ately nerved by 3 strong nerves at base, the central one be-
ing pinvately nerved above, and the two laterals Ate: ed on the

aid flat but evident. Servation of leaves tending % "Bs hastate.
Plants velvety-pubescent. Petioles 1-2 inches Jong. Flowers in
un an ample corymb, on short (2-6 mm. long) pedicels aiid erect,

sracts about 4-ribbed and Lem, long, acate, green. Akenes 10-
ribled, densely pubescent and black akenes not neatly smooth,
It differs from Brichellia grandiflora in the akenes and in
the shrubby habit, much larger leaves and pubescence. The stig -
las are sometimes elongated as in Eupatorium, see No. 27813.

inson in his revision creates a section Stevioideae for his

pu! ther ting which I think should be called Stevia pvl :herrima.

Ile also keeps u De Gray’s B. squamulosa’ which is a pistillate
Baecharis squamulo

Bric pela “cayucensts mn. sp. No. 27818. Cayuca
ranch Oat. 23 19: Near B. Coulteri. Climbing high any
widely “branched divariostely and with slender branches. Leave
cordate-ovate, to almost deltoil, 1-1.5 inches long, Sapilletsty
roughened and unequally crenate-serrate, acute, on petioles 1 cm.

ong. Ste white-barked, Heads few, at the ends of the
branches a 1 cm.long, about 10 flowered. Scales smooth, lin-
errand strongly ribbed. Flowers white. Pappus white. Akenes
densely hairy,

B rickenia diffusa n. sp. No. 27821. caer wont
Nov. 24 1930. Tall and openly branched, 2-3 ft. high. Lea
cordate-ovate, 2 inches long, on very stout petioles 1 cm. ri
thick and leathery, shortlyacuminate regularly serrate, covered
benaath with densely white areas of wool between the meshes as if
steliate-pubescent, Stems 1-2 ft. long, divaricateiy branched in -
to an open panicle half as fong. uter akenes triquetrous ad
sligkUy winged. Awns somewhat shorter.

(f3 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Xanthisma Texanum DC, I think this genus is more intimately

relatedjto Grindelia than to Aplopappus,and it has the habit of
that genus, {

lampodium minutiflorum n. sp. No. 27738, La
Barranca, Guadalajara, Nov. 17 1930, Weak and widely spread-
ing annuals with filiform stems intricately branched. th in-

; others without bracts and with linear and ab-
fl . 1 flowers deciduous. Plants 1-2 ft. long. Hairs
cis = tapering, Pedicels 2-10 mm. long. Thia grows with the

scales 4 mm. long, which are about four, then come 2-4 fertile flow-

ers with 1-3 hyaline, oblong
naked flowers with linear and abortive

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 43

parma This plant is Pp skies Melam podioid but there is no

cup-shaped area at tip of akene as in M. longicornn.
Coreopsis diffusa aed sp. No. 27720, La Barranea, :Guada-
lajara, Nov. 171950. A weakly branched and diffuse annual,
3-4 inches long, with short internodes, and ovate, bipinnate leaves
e

=?

Heads on filiform peduncles 1-2 pegs long and scattered among
the base! hg aon ng radiate, at least with two series of akenes.
Outer bracts few and short; the inner elliptical and 4-6 mm. long,
then pradaally passing into ‘the few central ones which are linear,
Unter row of akenes round, light-colored, smooth, se iacei roun-
ded at both ends, and without pappus or markings. Inner akenes
single or few, blac attened and with inner face concave, page
and with narrow white wing lacerate, with no pappus, oblong,
2 mm, long like the rest. This seems near Blake’s C. ioerepure
but inner bracta narrower

erezia kuhnioides n. sp. No. 27693, La Barranca,
Guadalajara, Nov, 25 1930, Tall, strict and smooth and tufted
herb, 3-4 ft. high, Leaves eared, oblong-lanceolate, 2-4 inches
long, low- toothed, and rather re motely so, leathery and rigid. Cor-
ymbosely branched above and very slender. Heads many, in cap-
itate clusters of half a dozen heads which are 4 mm. long to the
end of phan Scales about linear, pruinose and acate. Akenes
linear, narrowed above into a distinct neck and with enlarged
disk-like sia 10-ribbed. Pappus nearly white, 4-6 mm, long. co-
pious, a little wae above, very fine, Flowers natant 10 toa _
Perezia nitens sp. No. 27798, Guadalajara Nov.
1930), On prairies, 3. tft. high, stri , rather racemosely ae
ing, + Denny pubescent haso shea oad heads or young parts de-

usly floccose early. Leaves oblong-o Hinge sad acumi-
ace finely and regularly acerose-serrate, veiny, many, appressed,
a litte reduced above where subtending the inch- isee heads, Heals
one to few in the axils and witha larger cluster at the tip, all in
a linear spike a foot or more long. ‘Scales narrowly linear, all a
cuminate and the outer ones long-acuminate and all aculeate at 5,
Heads about 20-flowered, rather wide. Inner scales about] cm.
long and twice as long as the rear and barely cag and densely
pubescent akenes with stiff and ascending hairs. Stamen tube
white and elongated. Corolla'tube tien. Upper side of
leaves — suit belongs in the Wrightii group.

otes on Perezi

Doresis Wrightii eee Arizonica (Gray), P. oases Gr,
It is evident that these two reputed species are not distin
P, Wrightii seules are ovate to oblong, rounded but often apiulat
and lacerate, the outer inclined to spread, thick, notstriate. A
kenes scabrone, td ed, beaked, with broad and disk-like crown,
Pappua nearly whit

w4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Perezia megacephala has the oblung scales acute below but
yot the inner ones, imbricated. Akenes smooth, deeply 8-ribbed
und with no warts between, lem long, slightly contracted at the
ends with no disk at tip,

Perezia Arizonica and Wrightii have lacerate and ovate to
oblong scales slightly ribbed and scabrous akenes with wide disk
uud white pappus.

Perezia oxylepis has lanceolate to linear-acuminate, not lacerate
scales and beaked, scabrous. slightly ribbed akenes with a broad
tlisk and traces of a crown,

’erezia hebeclada has scabrous, slightly lacerate scales lance-
late to linear-acuminate and acerose. Akenes slightly beaked,
yibbed and scabrons,

Perezia foliosa has lanceolate, long-acuminate and rather acer-
ose scales, smooth and not lacerate. Akenes slightly ribbed, sca-

Perezia nana has pubernlent, striate, ovate to acuminate-lan-
coolate, lacerate scales, Pappus inclined to be tawny,and akenes
very-shortly pubescent and slightly ribbed, short-beaked and with
broad disk as if a crown.

: Perezia runcinata has Jinear-acuminate lacerate scales, sca-
rous, long-beaked akenes abont 5-angled and evidently related to
nana. Root tuberous,
‘ Oe 9 ‘
noir T Hietoay has ares to lanceolate, seabrons,, not lucerate
; : enes very short,truncat é
Parca oh y ‘ ate not beaked, scabrous angled.
Perezia turbinata reverses the usual order by having the outer
7 paren ds pi acuminate, nearly smooth, not la-
verate- Akenes long-beaked, angled. sc: wi fas isk-
Pappus rather tawny. ee rnd eh

Perezi ta n. sp. Orendain Jalisco, Nov. 26 1930.
-3 ft. high, érect and strict, pvramidally
Leaves thick, nar-

: 1 a
strongly 7-ne wee ee 2mm. long. round, very
ore nerved and-with shining low warts between the ribs)

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 75

Verbesina ampla n. sp. No. 27750, Is Barranca, Nov, 17
19.0, ‘Tall plants, surubby veluw, with sh be corymbuse inflo-
pre ites of many heads 1 cm Jong and se‘low rays. Leavesabout 1
ft. i pape e rather triangular in outline, with very strong
vei | sed aud pinnate, 5-% lobed and the lower pair of lobes the
egal ‘wie triangular-acuminate. and coarsely few- Lae ate upper
surface papillose-scabrous with rudimentary hairs, and lower sur-
face velvety with short hairs. Leaves cuneate iuto ae winged
petiole which is 1-2 inches long. Wings of stems 1 mm, high,
thick and rounded, continuous to inflorescence. Heads very many
on pedicels hardly 1 inch long. bracts in 3-4 series, linear to
oblong, acutish, puberulent, lacerate, yallowin, The re>ptacular
scales very narrow, and hyaline, with greenish, gn ie nt, not
acerose tips, those of ray yellow and ovate, about 1 cm. long, the
akene ctineate, 3-4 mm. long, somewhat flattened, smooth, with
a very broad and papery ear on each side. Disk akenes linear,
much flattened, Surrok ie ged below, slightly hes above.
Awns strong and fully aa long as or longer than the akenes and
subulate. Proper tube of corolla short and hairy. Stamen tube
black and white- striped and ending in ovate ears, Also No.27699
Viguieria triangularis n. sp. No. 27710, Arroyo Undo
Oct. 26 1930. A shrub, 2-3 ft. high, with simple stems, and
eis and ade ge inflorescence. Slender stems ashy, angled
but not winged. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved, on slender and hoary
petioles not winged and half un inch long. Leaves shinin
both sides, but roughened by minute and rudimentary hairs on
the nerves, acuminate, low-crenate-serrate, very rugose, about 3
inches long, almost truncate at base, reduced ubove, Heads few
and on almost filiform aah gon 2-3 inches long. Involucra) bracts
narrowly linear ani lax m. long, about in one series, saieten
longer than the disk ice which are linear, strongly nervy ed, acu
and rather pilose on the margins. Rays elli iptical, 1 inch he
and yellow, arora neutral, and with lacerate scales at tip of
ukenes and noa disk flowers brown, Tho akenes with two
etout scales or ‘ik as long as the akene, and lacerate and on the
angles and with a few shorter linear and lacerate scales between.
Corolla tube pubescent. scales ashy. Manifestly related toV.
cordifolia.
er. longiligula n. sp. No. 27708 La Barranca,
Nov 1930. Asomewhat shrubby based herb, 3-5 ft. high,
paniculata branched above subcorymbosely. Leaves opposite,
pe inches long, 3-nerved, silky-velvety below and nearly smooth
ve but covered with pustules, shortly acuminate, cuneate into
a 5 paticle slightly winged above, Petiole about an inch long.
Upper leaves much reduced an inclined to be lanceolate. Heads
rather cymose,-on filiform pediceis.not over 4 inches long, few,

26 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

with golden-yellow elliptical rays about 1 inch long. Involneral
bracts linear, spreading but not lax, 1 cm. long, somewhat irreg-
ular, longer than the ribbed disk ones which are rather setose at

é subulate awns or scales with lacerate margins and some shorter
inner scales also lacerate. Corolla tube pubescent.

Viguieria magnicapitata n. sp. No. 27701, La Barranea
Nov, 25 1930. Piants with the habit of Rudbeckia laciniata, erect
wad tall, 3-4 ft. high and simple. Leaves very thick and leathery
and low-rugose, very scabrous on both sides and with pustulate-
based hairs short and rigid. Leaves narrowly elliptical, acumi-
mite at both ends, alternate, almost sessile, strongly 3-nerved en-
tire, 4-6 inches long by 1-2 wide, many Heads nearly sessile and
siugle in the upper axils, 1-2 inches wide, very rigid. Outer in-
Volucral scales ovate-lanceolate-acuminate, rather lax and canes-
Sent with rigid white hairs, 1 inch long or less. Disk scales rigid
and linear, almost pungent, inclined to be scabrous. Disk akenes

rarely Limm. long, and white, Plants too old to determine the
markable plant, Pappus persistent, Growing

Verbesina Cayucensis n, sp. No. 27718, Cayuca raneh,
«slender and erect annual with

: ays are 1 em. lon hort.
Ray akenes elliptical, flat, hardly smooth, Without paypas bat
Disk akenes very flat and thin-winged, ending in lacerate edges,

Pilose and tipped with a distinct crown

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY = 77

Verbesina crocata . Ido not recall the author of this name

ara
ing sliruo, 6-3 ft. high with the habit of our Californian Nemoph-

and acuminate, with broad aud winged petioles 1-2 cm. long; and
k.

akenes with 2 awns and no scales. Chaff of receryticle flattish and
not embracing the akenes.’ Disk flowers yellow, and their akenes
linear and wingless, Involucral sc. 1:3 man}
rough. closely appressed. Flowers many in the heads.
rbesina pustulata n. sp. No. 27711, The Laguna

Laguna mts., Sept. 22 1940. A tall herb 3-4 ft. high, growing
in ciumps. Whole plant even to the bracts covered with yellow
pustules which often end in very slender and crisp bairs, particn-
larly on the under side of the leaves. Leaves ovate, acumivate.
about 3 inches long, truncate below, winged on the petiole which
ix 6 mm. long and stout. Leaves velvety below, very veiny, ver
closely and sharply serrate with teeth 1 mm. long. Tleads termi.
nal in compound cymes on filiform peduncles. Bracts seft, nur.
rowly oblong, green but whitened by pubescence, barely act te,
thin, Akenes oblong-obovate, very thinly winged above and end-
ing in a lacerate crown and with 1-2 stout awns 2 mn long.
Crown varying from none or to a ring or a real a d terminal wing
Akenes spirsely pubescent,

Sclerocarpus Triuntonis n. sp. No. 27717, Triunfe
Ot. 619.0. A weakly erect annual, branching above, with Oppo-

but vellow-tipped. The plant has the general appearance of Ver.
kina enc slioides, Sclerocarpus spatulatus Rose Cont. Nat. Herl,
Vol. 1105 is so poorly described that it cannot be identified.

rt) CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Franseria aceritfolia n. sp. No. 27765, Cuyuca ranch, Ovt.
23. and Arroyo Undo, No. 2.764, Oct 261930, A sietder ehrub
erect and openly branched above but not rigid, 6-8 ft. high, pan-
iculately branched above and with the slender branches ending in
ovate panicles not over | ft. long, the involucres rotate and with

warts, Leaves ovate in outline, not over 1 ft. long, on stout pet-
wles rarely | inch long, alternate, pinnately 7-9-loked to below
tie mille, with the lower 1-2 pairs of leaflets much reduced, all
lobes triangular-acuminate and inegularly and sharply serrate,
vhe terminal leaflet much the longest. Flowers yellow. Heads
vn capillary peduncles,

nvitalia longepedunculata n, sp. Nos. 27761 and
27729, Jue B rranca, Guadalajara Nov. 19 1930. An erect and
widely brancied annual. Leaves ovate, inclincd to be acuminate

wud cymose, Heads ovate, with conical receptacle, Rays non
. Chaff o ;

single and capillary awn on the corners. A weed in fields.
San agoon pass, Ariz., Sept. 24 1931

has involucral bracts scarcely distinguishable from the chaff, but
thin and hyaline-edged. _ 8
nnia barrancz n, sp. No. 27698 rranca’ »
Guadalajara, Nov. 17 1930. Tall ana erect, 3. fre bee high,
with the simple stems pubernlent. Leaves pustulate-acerose on
both sides, 3-5 inches long by 23 wide, oblong-lanceolate, shortly
acuminate, rough-veined below, minutely crenulate. Flowers
Im terminal and cymose heads, the central head -bracteate. Pe-
Heals lem, long and wide,
racts ovate, 6-S mm.

ayn red-orange, 1 cm, long, spreading.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 79

Palnfoxia linearis var gigantea. nvar. Sand dunes
west of Yuma Sept. 26 i4st, Planta 3 3-6 ft. high, erect, - single.
Leaves 4 inches long by ¢ inch wide, linear-lanceolate and acu-
minate, flat, shining on upper side, eads I,‘ inches jong, large,
“with ue almost wiolly eae and t the Edy with the

r sci er vila Jepson, A ‘lender, erect and. glabrous annua),
chotomously branched above into an open and open fees

nicie. eaves linear, 2-3 inches long by 2-3 ide, acute,
entire, rigid, sessile. gr: Peis reduced xbove er often with a sin-
gle tuck: shaped gland at tip. Whole plant perfectly smooth and
with reddish branches. Heads solitary on capillary and bracte
pedicels, oval, about } inch long, bright-green. Fertile akenes
3-5, em braced by the boat-shaped, green and smooth scale whic h
has a long and cobwebby fringe of white hairs on the inner margin,
the akenes being obovate, obcom pressed and a rounded
and epappose, black and smooth, Flower with 3 rigid, yellow rays,
3-6 mm, long. Disk flowers white or pinkish, epappose, the ray
flowers seem imbricated. Plants 2-3 ft. high. Pitt river bridge,
Cal.

Galinsoga Ruiz and Pav. Whether there is more than the
one species here I do not know. The ray flovers are white and ve ry
short; the pappus is of several oblong scales variously lacerate and
pointed, My species, ped Sa exaristate, is epappose; but
otherwise as in G, parviflora and has linear or very narrow leaves

Cosmos sulphurens Cay No. 27752, La Barranea, Guadala-
jara Nov, 16 1930. Erect plants, branching above and ending in
cingle large al pedunculate hoads,on peduncles often a foot long
Plants almost smooth. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, bipinnate inte
narrowly oblong segments which are acute and acerose. Vletioles
beset with long, tapering, flat hairs, with miiribs nate scattered
and spreading t and short ones, HHeade in flower 1 i long and
in fruit 2 inches long, with conspicuous orange rays , ineh long,
Flowers about 15. Akenes about 25 mm, long, sea fusiform,
tupering below the middle into a filiform beak ne 15 mm.

~ long which is scabrous, the body of akene a icued with the
sub- eels bases of nascent hairs, the rudimentary hairs of beak
but hairs of the 2 bk and subulate awns se
his ecies is close to Bidens Bige-
The heads

a6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN FOTANY

. Bebbia.filifolia n. sp.. No. 27783, Cayuca rench, Oct.
23 1930. A tall shrub, not spinose, with filiform leaves, 3-5-parted
and 3-4 inches long. Involucral leaves cval, Jacerate, 2-5 mm.
jong, only the innermost liuear and acutish. Heads short-pedun-
cled, Branches many, as in Bigelovia, and shrubby below.

Elephantopus spicatus is the correct name for my No 23346

of my 1928 collection.
} ia coriscea n. sp., Orendain, Nov. 28 1930. On
prairies. Plants coarse, 3-4 ft. high and erect from a thick root.
Leaves rosulate, very, thick, leathery, venose, smooth, taciniat ly
hed ‘ i

{

rounded sinus or cordate, the lower pair of lobes. with 4-6 parallel
nerves, inclined to be erect on petioles as Tong as the blades an

long, abruptly tipped by a sharply and spinulosely cleft and linear
end 1-2 incbes long which passes into similar spinulosely serrate
outer bracts, m. Jong, e
broadly elliptical, inclined to be lighter colored, faintly many-
nerved, smooth, a little lacerateon the margins and with tips dis-
sected into a tuft of hairs about as long as the white pappus, in
2 rows. Ifeads fully 4 inch wide and high, very many f

inear 8 almest plumose. It
recalls the compass plant, Silphium laciniatuas .

*xinenia microcephaia Humb. 27758 Orendain.

Zexmenia Seemani Grav is my No. 234123 of my 1928 colleetion

: ve, Leaves opposite.
ovate-lanceolate, nearly sessile, 2-4 inches long, entire, or ver
obscurely serrate, rugose beluw and apparently densely ‘pustulate
above and minutely pubescent beneath: Stems low-winged on the

low, 4 inch wide, nearly spherical,

» tounded, very rough grad-
] ate, slightly lacerate, yellowish

i ~ ate, , rae te ,
thin inner bracts which in burn pass into the couduplicate, vari-

ously lacerate scales subtending the black ekenes which are. obo-

tel in a buy'hone - ; whic
contracts abruptly te a raal neck 1 mn, taaies nnn tech
into the asnal Helianthus flower. Coro'la puberuient. Siamer
tube not black. Ray akenes not as Wintedas disk on = te
tral appearsuee like Suphium perfaliatuim ee

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 81

Dysodia fimbriata n. sp. No 27784 La Barranea,
Guadaijara Nov, 16 1930, This would come ander to pro-
posed genus Clomenocoma Cass. Erect and tufted from a peren-
nial root, conspicuously wnagemrete branched above, striately an-
le eaves sessile, green, 1-2 inches long, fimbriately pinnate
almost to midrib with neuits linear segments rather broader above
and very deeply cut and ending in long and flexible sete or hairs,
Stems brauching at tips into several filiform ped re 3-5 inches
long, and bracted and ending in single heads. Involucres 1 em
long, obconic, of nearly distinct and dotted scales piv: not glan-
di lsr-dotted) and several accessory outer and green bracts dissec-
ted into long sete. Rays fertile, spi -yellow, 1 cm, long, oval.
A\e ves linear, finely 15-ril b»d, about smooth, truncate at tip, with
about 5 inner pappus scales dismeched: nearly wl base into 5 or
more unequal setw, and with 5 spatulate kiko cales mm. long
Pappus much as in ooperi but the wieite scales absent in
ere General aspect of plant re of Aylepnts spinulosus,
Po ney seco rotunditolium n. sp., No. 27777a,
Staudt 9 27 1930. Whole plant green, rather shrubby below
4 ft. high, erest, branching from the upper axils, with the slen-
re branches divided and about 6 inches long and ending i in sub-
uimbellate clusters of 3-10 heads on filiform and minutely bracted
pedicels 1-2 em, long. Heads rather cuneate, 1-1,5 cm long, the
5-6 scales about 1 cm. long and each with 2-3 narrowly oblong
and large glands. Akenes about 6 mm, long, linear but some ta-
pered above, pubescent, faintly yellow-ribbed. Pappus plumose,
nearly as jong as akene, Leavea oval, 2 inches Jong, venose, pat-
mately veined below, smooth, upper ones velisea and inclined to
obovate and ae Lem. long. Inflorescence conspicuously lrafy
On prairies,
orophyllu pager Ser aRC¢ n. sp. No. 27777, Ls Barramea
Guadalajara, Nov, 21 1930, Anerect shrub about 5 ft, bigh,
corymbosely ordi pitie smooth thronghont except the up
wardly pilose akenea. Leaves coriaceous, elliptic cal, obtusish en-
tire, 1-2 inches long by 1.5 wide, on stout petioles a fifth as lang
us bi ades, somewhat reduced above, but never to bracts. Heads
few at the ends of filiform final brunchea, in cymes, Pedune'es }
inch long, filiform and with knots at the envis, the heads eurly de-
ciduous. Heads 12-14 mm. long and 2 mm, wide, few-flowered.
Akenes black, finaly striate, very shortly hairy. obscurely contrac-
ted at very tip. Pappus a little over half as long as akene, sor-
id, scabrous, Rarely the lower leaves packers 1 inch wide, There
several allied species but none very near. This has the general
character of the above bat pappus only scabrous, leaves.quite «dif-
ferent, and flowers of Lhat are greenish; the sbracts -of :the twa
ahave similar ojl- glands

&2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Porophyllum nodosum n. sp. No. 22684 Nov. 15 1426,
ua Puz, Leaves simple, filiform, nodose, 1-2 inches leng, Heads
widely panicled, on filiform peduncles. Plants 23 ft. high.
Piowers.less than.10 toa head. Pappusa little tawny. Akenes
scabrous, wit ak 1 mm. long. Scales linear, 1-5 min. long, the
juuer with hyaline margins.

Encelia anomala n. sp., No. 27716, Arroyo Un-lo Oct,
25 14930. Annual, erect, 2-3 ft, high, widely branched turough-

wider above, high-w
cies 4-6 inches longsingle, Rays persistent, rather rigid, gol-
den-yellow, emarginate, broad, 4--3 inch long, about 10, fertile.

ture and with ih oa 3-4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, a little

sidens Orendainz n. sp. No. 27770, Urendain, Nov. 27
1930, on bottoms in fields. Leaves regularly 3-5-pinnatifid into
divisions, with appressed, reg-
ular and very sharp teeth evenly spaced. Heads ceca ‘ a
oat — linear-acuminate,
; : » Hispid and sharply warty above
he ray ones appearing wider, tips with a few flattish ate or
This seems to rope toward Cosmos. Several
t 0 i
sides or backs leaning toward ff eset aa geass:
- No. 27757, La Barranca Guadala-

g, very thin,

petiole 1 cm. long. be Hien leaves simple, 3-lobed

renee ys tbat wns 1 to 2 1
Plant with the habit of Coreops; mm. long, yellow,
bipinnata, a conspicuous field bie Ee retioniet tnt nent, ©

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 83

clined to be woody below, with several simple stems fromthe root.
Leaves rosulate below, linear-oblanceolate, gash-toothed, floccose-

hyaline. Styles black or dark red. Pappus plumose to base,
not chaffy below. Akenes linear, truncate, smooth. Styles linear
and quite broad and yellow.

‘Lithonia tubeformis Cass. No. 27705, La Barranca Guadala-
jara, Nov. 23 1930. Plants annual and with the habit of Helian-
thus annuus and possessing the cultivated fields in the same way,
4-6 ft. high, racemosely branched and ending in single, large and
long-peduncled heads. Leaves ovate to triangular-ovate, acumi-
hate, coarse, 3-nerved, on stout petioles about 1 em. long, some-
what margined, Leaves crenulate, ashy with short white hairs
from a pustulate base, darker above, with the young parts silvery-
silky with fine white hairs 5 mm. long. Heads 1-1.5 mm. wide,
and wider than high with convex receptacle. Proper bracts ina
single series, or with an intermediate series of narrower ones
within which are not acerose asare the disk ones, all bracts strong-
ly many-ribbed, oblong, 1 em. long, acutish, appressed except at
very tips, ashy-hairy as are the leaves, but pubescence lunger.
Chaff on receptacle linear, convex, nearly smooth, acuminate into
# very stout and spinose beak 2 mm. longer than the flowers.
Rays 1-2 inches long, light-yellow, about 1 cm, wide, veined, from
ubortive, flat, and slightly winged ovaries, and without pappus,
and smooth except for some cobwebby hairs. Disk akenes black,
smooth, angled truncate, linear, about as long as corollas, crowned
by a row of minute and lacerate scales, and often with 4 awns from
winged bases, but very deciduous.

Bidens pedata Brandg. No. 27779. Qn trail down the Laguna
on cliffs. Sept. 241930. A tufted and erect shrub 2 ft. ‘ high,
with innumerable filiform, dissected and smooth leaves 2-3 inches
long. Stems produced into long and peduncle-like and simple
floral peduncles about a foot long, ending in 1-2 rudimentary
leaves and a few cymosely arranged heads on filiform pedicels 1-2
inches long Heads inch wide, with few short orange rays.
Akenes with 2 coarsely and retrorsely barbed awns and no. crown.
ot at all fleshy. It-belongs.in the Seemani group.

e4 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Aspilia grosseserrata n. sp. No. 27773, La Barranca
Guadalajara, Nov. 1? 1930. Near A. xylopoda Greenman. Course
and ereet from a rather woody root, racemosely branched above
into slender and similarly branched laterals ending in filiform pe-
‘luucles with narrow bracts, Leaves ovate-lanceolate-acuminate,
4-5 inches long, 3-nerved above the base, very rough with minute
wad raised papille which on the nerves end in long and very slen-
der white hairs. Stems and petioles white-hairy. 1 eaves incise-
ly and remotely serrate, and the teeth below sometimes becoming
almost lobes; the lower part of leaves narrowed into a very wide
and rather eared and sessile base. Upper leaves reduced to near-
ty linear bracts, Involucral scales in a single series, but the outer

8
base and then turning up and nearly as long as the corollas of the
disk flowers. Ray flowers sterile and the abortive akenes smooth

‘ 028 not seem tole any o
diverse,

Bidens anthemoides (DC.) Sherff. The Laguna Sept:22 1930.
Nos, 27778 and 27767 Growing in sandy places, a weak and
widely branched annual, erect, 1-2 ft. hich
conspicuous yellow flowerz. Leaves about 2 i ’
site, petioled, palmately compound and with the secondary divis-
lons pinnately dissected. Flowers c

-duncles, 3-6 inches long. Headsabout 1 cm, long and wide,
with double inyolucre,

nearly as long as the inner, tapering but obtusish, j i

tip and smooth, awnless, several-
Posehn on the outside, lenticular in
h

has the appearance of a Bidens but the ray akenes make it a Het-
erospermum, .

85 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Sinvitalia Abarti Gray. No. 23612 Dragoon pazs Ariz.,Sept
1931, Involucral bracts scarcely distinguishable from the chaff
on receptacle, but thin and hyaline-edged, green-tipped and green-
striate, as long as chaff. Chaff very rigid, sharp, linear, convex,
greenish-white, 6-8 mm. long, erect, with sunken green grooves
as if ribs, subtending the disk akenes but not the ray ones. Rays
ovate, rigid, leathery, convex in cross-section, 3-4mm. long, yel-
low inside and light-colored on the outside, and with many green
ribs, grown to the thick and obpyramidal akene which is trique-
trous and 4 mm. long and 4 as wide at tip and truncate and 7-10-
striate with green and sunken ribs, with 2 horns on the outside
of the awns, the raised area included inclined to be corrugated,
Disk akenes oblong but a little wider above, somewhat flattened
and 7-grooved, black, warty on the ribs and with no pappus. Disk
flowers smull and greenish. 1t has the habit of a low Heliomeris.
Robust specimens from Rustler’s Park have rays 1 inch long, the
leaves lanceolate and strongly toothed, obtuse, Zinnia-like.

utchinsonia hyalina n. gen et sp. Plants belong-
to the Polypteris section of Composite and apparently allied to
liymenopappus. Erect perennials, somewhat woody below, corym-
bosely branched above and with clusters of 6-8 heads in loose cor-
ymbs the heads on filiform peduncles with linear and smooth
bracta. Leaves many, pinnately dissected into linear segments,
1-2 inches long, minutely hairy, gradually reduced above to linear
bracts. Heads white, rayless, without chaff, with 10-20 flowers.
4 inch high. Bracts oblong,rounded, hyaline, lacerate at tip,
free, in 1 series, ashy, not embracing the black akenes which are
truncate at tip and 5-angled or -ribbed, puberulent, linear, Co-
rolla tube broadly oblong, contracted below a bulbous enlargement
and then reduced to a tube, its lobes triangular and erect. Pap-
pus of 5 linear, hyaline, pubescent scales with 1-3 strong ribs end-
ing in plumose awns. : :
Named for Mrs Susan W Hutchinson who was with me in
Aaizona in.1931.and who. collected this at.Peach Springs.in .1932

86 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY
Field Notes of Mexican Trip, 1930.

I went to San Jose del Cabo, 14 miles east of Cape St. Lucas
"nd reached there Sept. 14., landing in the surf siuce there is no
wharf, from the steamer Jeannette. Vegetation very dry, and

of B. eata. Saw one tall tree of At-
talia Cohun near beach, cult. probably, a fine tree with smooth
white bark. Dates are all yellow now. Grapes are full size but
green. Bananas green. Pomegranates ripening. Washingtonia
Sunore fruits more common than with us and ripe or nearly so on
plaza. Did not notice any Erythea. Cocoanuts freo

sv are grapes and guavas.
ends in a vine, Apoc naceous, with large blue-

+0 £5, high and looks as if it m
Chere are many trees of Populus
bottoms along with Salix Bonpla
Both species of Philibertia cov

vrs of Cereus gummosus, the edible petaiya, are white, oven in

° l. There is a little Mamillaria here
which grows in small clumps, apparently the same species that I

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 87

os Santos. I stayed at Cabo 4 days, then came here by
auto, 65 miles. Road fair but bumpy, unimproved from a wagon
roid, much up and down and sharp curves, There is more Car-
don as you go north, also C. Thurberi. Yucca valida Brandg. is
more common and up to 10 ft. high, just coming into bloom. with
panicle sessile, ovate, 1.5 ft. long though rarely 3 ft.; flowers

e
orm, Leaves very pungent, sharp on the edges (minutely-serrate)
and without threals mostly, thin. { to one sixteenth inch thick,
rather flabby, quite concave and erect, reflexed in age, narrowed
above the insertion, taper-pointed, blue, with black-spiny tips.
The mango is ovate and with oblique termination, smooth and
shining, about 4 inches long, with yellow and very juicy pulp and
not so stringy as usual. It hangs in small bunches from the ends
uf twigs. The avocado is gourd-shaped, and shining, not warty
like ours, and hangs from a long peduncle, and when ripe is soft
and easily eaten with a spoon, and not so utterly worthless as the

and green ones we are accustomed to at home.

Todos Santos. My object here was to ascend the very difll-
cult Laguna mts. from the western and easier side and collect the

W. Pickett who was running a gold mine at Pescadero, a few
miles away, to recommend a suitable outfit, giving him full author-
ity to secure it, He sent Alvarado, his wood foreman, an old man
of fifty.years,.a very capable person:who did. not -know the trails

83 CONTRIBUTIONS: TO WESTERN BOTANY

buc was reliable. So the next day he came with 5 mules and said
he would take me up for 10 pesos a day, I'to pay for feed and grub
hich was very reasonable, $5a-day. I'will leave the dctails of
this terrible trip to @ private letter written to a friend on the way
ac
Pelota Ranch, at foot of
Laguna mts, L, Cal.

Midge;
Well, I have seen the ”enemy‘* and he is mine. I am now
about 20 miles east of Todos Santos, just beyond the "Ultima
k

It was
three days till I got a Mexican to take me to the top of the Lagu-
nas for 10 pesos a day, with 3 pack mules and saddle animals.
Next a. m, we started and I had Purgatory riding but not so bad

endwise once and sidewise twice. When I saw his tail and legs
flopping in the airI said to myself” The eed", bat we Al
t th his feet and he was unhurt
adie coe nae repack him and put his pack on his

way, abandoning the mule
Presumably to be eaten later on by the gatos gr andes epacthiern).
like a fish ¢ walk much, Got very hot and drank water
‘ke @ lish, Had to stop often to cool off. By noon got up to

men went down in the gulch after

: Aft ddled
up and climbed the rest of the day till § rapa = phe eet +

the top, 7800 ft. alt Then down agai i i
; - alt. gain a mile or two to a little
_— meadow called Laguna Chica. I wanted to camp here, but
© boys said to go on to the real Laguna which is a big laguna,

Pi ei
als
* ~~

BOREGO RA

PRIMIERA RANCH, SIERRA GIGANTA

Ss. B. PARISH

PELOTA RANCH, LAGUNAS

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 89

2 miles long by 4 wide, and surrounded by the low rim of the
crest. Here we camped under an old apple tree full of hard and
ripe apples, tough but eatable, there was a ranch there once, buc
abandoned long ago to the gatos grandes which killed their stock,

The range from 4000 ft. up is covered by liveoaks and Pinus
cembroides, The Laguna was not there but very fine water was
running in a stream near by. ell ! Our animals were about all
in, only able to stagger along like ourselves when we got there,
but soon were greedily feeding on the rich grass, all but the poor
white mule we abandoned so hastily. There were flowers every-
where (see photo of Outfit in Lagunas with masses of Sphacele in
foreground.) Next day I began and worked very hard all day and
getting a great stack of stuff. The men went hunting befor:
dawn, with my automatic 22 rifle, but got nothing. It was sa
cold at night at the 6000 ft. alt. that we nearly froze. The boys
left us at noon and charged me only 5 pesos for piloting us up, #
very reasonable sum. y moso was deathly afraid of the big cats
but I knew thoy are too cowardly to attack humans, had they
been the leopardlike jaguars, not known on the peninsula, 1t
might have been different. Each night was colder than the ene
before. After 2 days I had got the whole flora and told the moso
we would return in the morning, So we were up early and off,
I waated to stop at Laguna Chica bat when we rewhel it [saw I
had all its flowers, and so we did not stop, Going up the faint
‘rail throagh the weeds I lost it for I was afoot, botanizing along
and fiddled around quite a time trying to find it, and yelled a lot
and finally the moso heard me and came running back, flightened
and so [knew where the trail was. After that he kept nearer me

in the shade to cool uff from the intense heat. I drank water like
a fish and almost dripped sweat. By 1 p.m. we got to the tree
i It was the last of the liveoaks. Get-
ting there I almost played out and ened pote — ) : I es

t sav th by resting often. aid down under a tree
Nok ES ae ieee ae when the moso came back with

ov) CONTRIBUTIONS’ TO WESTERN BOTANY

gratulated ourselves. Then more down over tho worse trail, in
tue blistering heat before an oncoming storm, which did not reach
us but looked threatening.. Then I tried riding til} my kidneys
gave out because of the constant backward bending, then I had to
get off and walk on my sore feet, but it was slow going but I
made it. The moso was crazy to get down and kept yelling at me
to hurry, but I could go only so fast which was very slow. _ final-
ly after much agony I reached the beautiful waterhole on the river
aid stretched out on a rock to rest, There is no water in the

to return later, snuggling up toa leg again, Then the two dogs
growl at eachother over the best place at my side till thoy settled
éown.Then all would be quiet till one of them started the next
stampede. At last I lost consciousness and did not wake up

The sun has not yet got over
the crest of the range. Welll am the first botanist ever to goup
the Lagunas from the western side, and ought to be the last. It
a hell ws all the way down. No trail in
Cualifurnia approaches it for pure cussedness, but 1 made it up

ima Jones). Then I got a

Populus, should be tremuloides but is not, may be monticola. I

will stay here the rest of the day netic nsec bpd Hl

and examine a pretty box canon here We
stopped here going up, It is inten where they get water.

sely hot but endurable.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 91

downward for 4 inch frum the eye, Then comes a lighter collar,
then came the be!ly orange to the tail tip, the back a bronze-
green somewhat white-speckled: tail a dull orango; wings nearly
black and longer than tail. It nested in the appletree.

een out around and got a few things, but it is too dry here, very
wilting-hot, will go down to the wash and call it a day. Feel

sides. ne of the men just lassoed a rattlesnake and humgz it up
to strangle and it died in a few minutes. There are a few lizards
up here, but little wild life. Got a brown Helixonarock. % 24

[he women do the milking, and they tie the legs and tails
of the cows so that they cant kick or switch while being milked.
uy mis) puts blinders on each mule when psp him to prevent
kicking. ome tricks,

g. Even half savages are on to s Hide: good breskfust
of fresh meat, coffee, tortillas, and milk. ‘

Todos Santos. We were off at 8-30 a m. Reached Cota
ranch in 2 hours, Then down the intensely hot and gentle slope
to the sea, Had to stop often to get off and walk (because of the
ugony of riding), or to drink from cemveen. Once the mose “gs
@1eud to stop the lead mule while I dr nk, but the mule bolte

y2 CONTRIBUTION S TO WESTERN BOTANY

into the brush and’ tore off part of his pack and loosened the rest
so that it slipped and frightened the mule into kicking till it was
ull spilled off, then he bolted toward me, fearing a beating, so [
caught him and spoke kindly to him and quieted him, then the
moso came and led him back to be repacked, and without an oath
nor raising his voice, He is a remarkable man vf 50, does not
smoke nor swear, wears leather sandles without stockings, has
overall, shirt and sombrero, is married and with 9 chillren,
Well! We pegged along and at 2,30 gothome. Everybody turned
‘o greet us and were crazy to know about the gatos grandes and
the trip, etc, So here ends the epic venture, the impossible!
Well! A dios’’

Coutinuation of critical notes.

We left on the 20th, Humidity had been at saturation for 2
days, Reached the Cota ranch, 20 miles toward the mts. at 15:0
It. alt., in 4 boara. Humidity 55 4. Excessively hot and dry,
Was nearly finished by the heat though I had a helmit hat. Hud
to get off and walk 5 times on the way, and had to lie down in thie
stnd 3 times to endure the heat, but got there at 1 p.m. Water
was very short at the ranch at the waterhole. After an hour’s
rest we rode on to the Borego ranch at 1700 ft. alt., humidity
42%. The ranch is a few hundred

{ have added parenthetical clauses to explain text.
8

calves which they released mornj
as they came in from the hills en i
They gave us supper and break fast of tortillas, milk, and meat

. It was not so hot in the
taller here and thicker. Saw one cardon with
on the top. I saw a very few fruits of C
like the petaiya (C. gu

e brush is a little
fasciation (cancer)
Thurberi which are
mmosus) but smaller and rarely 2 inches

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 93

wide, The flowers are like those of C. Pringlei but narrower and
a little shorter, apparently very dark, Morning. Humidity 80¢
Barometer unchanged. There i i

tree here with a spray-like flat top and there are some big a
dark-green trees with wide pods 6 inches long (Albizzia). Teco-
ma stans is common and in flower and fruit. ost of the brush
here has very light-colored and smooth bark blotched and darker-
brownish below, very few with rough bark, n big trees,
The big cardon and Thurbari still occur but scarcer, probably al-
so the petaiya. The big candelabrum shrub with large white
flowers (Thevetia) came in at the Cota ranch and is still here.
They have Cotswold sheep and Angora goats here, and 20 long-
horn cows with small bags and 18 calves. The sh

tailed. The pigs are red. The white-banded pigeon is here, al-
so the gray-breasted jay with long tail, and blue all over except
the breast. There are few birds.

Next morning, the 2lst., we followed up the Jry riverbed, 6 miles
to the Pelota ranch, a near cvunterpart of the cliff-dwellers
homes, Here we engaged two young men to go along as guides
and to cut out the brush on the trail. We stopped for the noon
rest under the first liveoak, at 3800 ft. alt., the beginning of the
Lower Temperate lifezone, and at the first water on the trail,
They unsaddled and went down in the steep gulch for water. Hu-
midity 38%. Ocean breeze. Here a few new herbs came in.
The granite trail was steep and as difficult as | ever was on any-
where, being only a deer trail, but at 4.30 we reached the Laguna
all tired out so that we could hardly crawl along, after passing
the beautiful "Chica Laguna’, a mile back. As we neared the top

?

grazing the rich grass. I wanted to camp at "Chica Laguna”
because of che condition

was an ideal place to ca
from the gently rising ground, no
We were soon eating our supper. but
ize that night however tempting mig
Sphacele, acres of them all around.

wt CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

The name “Laguna” means a pond, and was given because
there is a-puud in the southern en:l.of the grassy plain where stock
cau Water, there is forage everywhere but water is scarce. The
uaguna is really a grassy plain like the oldtimes ” Plains” of eas-
tern plains of Colorado, and with the grama grass, Bouteloua oli-
gostachya, the most common, plus Cyperus aristatus, Aristida,
Muhlenbergia species, all bunch grasses, growing on the poor gran-

ite aud porous soil. The mesa is an undulating plain 3 by 4 mile

cembroides continuing to thecrest, My camp was 6000 ft. alt,
wid L3Qu ft. lower than the crest. On our arrival we saw vo

Lhe desired ammunition,. Mexicans are poor shots, and the big-

he had shot at the deer’s head he mig

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 95

a unique new grass(Paspalum tenuissimum Jones) which Brande-
gee missed, growing everywhere on the plain, with filiform stems
from an inch-wide tuft of leaves. I got 2 orchids, one with pel-
tate leaves single from a tuberous root, growing in damp and sha-
dy places. Ferns were common in the forest, such as Adiantum
Capillus-Veneris, Pellea, Phegopteris, Cystopteris, Asplenium
Trichomanes, also a big Aspidium, Lobelia Cotensis, also Valer'a-
najsorbifolia, seemingly annual because of the slender stems from
corm-like roots. There is a peltate-leaved Hydrotyle?, common
below, also 2 small lupines, Astragalus ervoides not yet in bloom
but common and prostrate, 2 Desmodiums, a Mimosa, the Ma-
drona, Salix Bonplandiana rare, Only a black oak(Q. devia) here,
Pinus cembroides often is 4 ft, diameter here and 75 ft. high and
not ag opnely branched as the monophylla pinon. There are sev-
eral cups cut in the trunks, indicating that people got turpentine
or rosin from them once. There are evidences of long-time occu-
pation but all old. qyumidity 65%. Populus mvnticola is here
along the creek, a true aspen, with white bark and is strict, 75 ft.
high, horizontally branched and with rounded top, twigs tough,

not brittle, leaves falling as if it were Vall, and wholly unlike
any other Populus. Arracacia Brandegei here has the habit of
Myrrhis and is commun in the timber, as is Osmorhiza at home
and is 1-6 ft. high witha big tuberous root, erect: leaves often
flat on the ground. Brunella is common on the creek.

Sept. 24th., 7-30 a.m. Wec and cold last night, everything
wet. Mules look better: Moso packing up, Dogs barked some
in the night: moso said it was because of the big cats, but noth-
ing happened. and stock all right. Got off at 8-30 and reached

ing down, nearly played out, soon will be down to the river wa-

ft. alt. Cool breeze. The ranch house forms one side of a corrul
It consists of 2 shelters roofed with Erythea leaves though no trees
of it now in sight, and walled in by poles 6 ft. by an inch dimen-
sion. Between the two shelters it is roofed but open on the sides,
In the center is a table on 4 posts made of small parallel poles
forming the top, such as I once made in the Wasatch, then alay-
er of dirt formed a hearth for an open fire on which they cooked.
The man just took a piece out of a side of beef and barbecued it
for us on the coals. It looks pretty well smoked up. Their cow
just gave a pint of milk, the calf taking the rest. There are 3
dittle pigs, 4 dogs, 5 turkeys, a dozen chickens of all sizes aialer

N65 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

foot, This is the primitive life of the old cave dwellers. There
are 4 children , one idiot, 2 girls, 1 boy. The mother, about 20
anid svon ty have another. The dogs look half-starved. All ani-
wuls are very tame, They have Cashmere goats and a young
bluck-tail fawn, about a foot high, Itisa cattle ranch on the
edge vf the brush. The man has several deer hides hanging up
wid one tanned buckskin. Morning. The folks talked late last
night and the dogs barked much, apparently at panthers, The
litile pigs crawled to bed with me, insinuating close to my le
for warmth. I watched the stars march across the sky. Barom-
ever reads 4750 now, evidentlly too high last night. People very
pleasant but dirty and unshod.

10-30 a.m. Got to Borego ranchand will stay all day. They
are Cutting up uw beef. Mules’ backs are sore, mine least of all,

forms a little waterhole and is rapidly drying up. Coming down
‘A-Ye was a marked change in the flora at 4000 ft. where the oaks
ud Nolina stopped and and Bursera and Jatropha came in along
with the eaetus. My new grass and Carex stopped at 6000. Epi-
cumpes grandis also stopped. Humidity at that ranch at 7

p.m.
42% and this a.m. 75¢. § : : ;
bok ctiieneat #. Season remarkably dry. It is hopelessly

This seems crue] to me.
ity now 78 percent. at 7 a.m. People
ers s- There are 2fully grown girls here, 3 mar-
ni Babel oo Goats, kids, lambs, calves, chickens
all together under foot. irtyi

swept clean by splint hinkola ee
ept. 26, morning. Hada good braakfast of tortillas, meat.

m. and went to Cotaranch and on to

_the trip was just tiredness, nothing more. eer
I paid and was glad'to get 0

atthat. I goa! myself fortunate in getting so pad a moso as

el pop refused to go had he known

is @man of fifty, gray,quiet spoken, all busi-

tiie os swears nor smokes, #ive Gaakities: in - Mexican, is a

crack packer and knows all about: cinching up stock to keep packs

ally i a fe Presa though he cannot read, wears sandals, over-

.

CEREUS PRINGLEI VARIETY CALVUS

OUTFIT IN LAGUNAS

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY v7

§
Bivitized to be Aeesat’ cae honorable. He was accustomed to

mule, even if I had to tumble off. The women got busy ee once

gatos grandes and back safe if not sound. It did feel ne d to
come out of the blistering heat of the riverbed and below tle Co-

ta ranch and feel the cool ocean breeze. hen we got to town

the barometer read only 450 ft.. which is 160 ft. too high, and
which is a remarkable Basie 2 for such changes in aerate
as we made on the trip. At 400 ft. Quercus Brandegei came in,
a large and widely spreading sake a black? oak, with st le ob-
long to lanceolate and mostly entire mature leaves, but young
shoots with leaves inclined to be spinos tipped and ropttied:
Below and to the Cota fence is an Anona bush, 10-14 ft. high,
rigidly and aca branched and with atte of leaves on the ends.
Sphacele does ae go below 5000 ft, The liveoaks are.5 to 1 as
to Pinus cembroides. The spotted Jeaved Dis nodium is common
ou rocky slopes dag tu 4000 ft. Higuehag: Pe. is 4-5
ft. high, erect and only at Liguna along the
Sept _ Went out to the beach, 2-3 mile and loufed along

t 28. Left for La Paz on a truck so soe (4 a.m.) that
‘it was oo. and got there at 9a.m, Feels good to be at the old

.: Willd : :

Weather clear. ~Barometer 100 ft., normal elevation: No mai
yec Will have to stay a week for steamer for Loreto, Can get
fruit here, such a3 avoca los, mangos, oranges, lemons, and coc a=
Huts. Vegetation i is greener Fen due to higher humidity. 17 or

-

9§ LONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

ure 1> pearl fishing boats idle in the harbor now due they say to
tae veds being fished out. Saw an antelope chipmunk in several —
Piaces north of the Cape and also the pure blue bluejay. ;

Sept. 24, Did not botanize yesterday but spent the day try- —
ing to mire w beat to go to Espiritu island. Will walk out to the
brusn to photo the viejo cactus, Cereus Schottii. Boatman is to —
come for the isiaad trip tomorrow, No storm on tap for bar. is.

novmal, Uumidity at 9am. 90%. Walked out} mile to beyond: —

Lhe tannery tu photo cactus. leet gave out not because of heat. —
Tue vieju cactus is a case of fasciation or cancer, and often occurs. —
with the flowers, where the internodes are shortened and spines —
elongated to 2-4 inches, which gives it a whiskered luek, and so —
the uame of old man. The fruit is small, smooth, red and edible —
wml the seeds black and smooth. Other species, as Pringlei are —
often viejo. The petaiya is larger here, often with scems a foot —
thick, but branehes 2-4 inches thick. Flowers like the night-
b'ooutug-cerews. Cereus Thurberi has flowers about as in gigan- _
teus (apparently) and a globular fruit about an inchlong and spi- —
hy, a3 in guummosas and red when ripe.* The abortive Opuntia —
is taller here, often 8 ft high and corymbosely branched above,
fruit proliferous, light-colored and nearly free from spines. Cer-
eus Pringlei here is very large and thick. Saw the little Grahami
Mamillaria today. The petaiya flowersand fruit arecommon here ~

ty 80%.
ept. 30. Uff at 3 a. m, in a 20 ft. boat. Seasmooth, fleecy
clouds. Once in a while a big 3-cornered flat fish like a flounder

=
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e
for)
Qu
=
3
et
°
o
er.
°
—
as
oo
fa*)
4
me
pie
fas)
bar 3
&
oS
joy)
Ga
©.
i]
Bb
>
©
°
<
a2)
Ler |
=)
(24
Qu
fe)
o
5
o
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to]

great fun at it. The boatman called it a manta, apparently the
tinterero dreaded by the old pearl divers. Recently Capt. Ander-
son harpooned one 13 ft. across. Reached the island in 3 4 hours

fl i . = eanic ash, and isolated
oye mited Ai tiltes 10° plus to the west. The north end seems
sloping northwestward. Many shells on beach.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 99

Very sandy beach. Gentle breeze from n.e, Got the Eucnide
shrub at the waterhole. Was back at La Paz at 6 p.m., and took
in Pechilinga island on the way, getting Fouquieria Burragei there
A lovely but disappointing trip.

t. 1. It is sweltering hot and threatens rain, cumulus
clouds in sky, Humidity at 11 oc. 78%. Bar. normal. They
say it is raining at the Cape, very cloudy with little wind. Wea-
ther at 6 p. m. excessively hot and raining at the south of us.
The soaring birds all down, but some swallows flitting about, che
_ cloud barely moving, Bar. going down.

Oct 2. It looked very much like rain last night and still
does. Pigs here are the red kind. Took a trip 20 miles south to
the Cacachilla mts., but did not get beyond the foothills at 2900
ft. alt, and still in the Tropical life zone. Got a wild guava and
some other shrubs. Was disappointed in not getting farther but
driver feared the road for the sand was bad. Allis granite blocks
rounded and not angular on the hills, with a little schist hereand
there, no water, looks very much like a storm with strong wind
from the east, very heavy and black clouds from the south and s. w.
but no rain yet. No mail boat in, due to threatening storm, 5
r fine and misty rain is falling: cooled off a great deal; ev-
erywhere are black clouds and sea somewhat reugh, but not bad
at.

: Oct. 3. Went east 5 miles along beach to get Coulterella
and saw many bushes all dried up and dead, only one alive. Very
hot and dry. Got all tired out and thirsty, Barometer still out,
but it looks as if storm is over. Steamer still in port.

t. 5. Arranged to go to Triunfo 53 miles south, on the
Cape route, with Capt. Anderson of Long Beaeh who is going

makes a pretty roof. Leaves at least 3-deep and set petiole up.
‘On the hills, in granite crevices 38 Notholena

100 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

ferns. The hills are mostly of granice rounded masses, with some
obscure quartzites, and some white quartz veins, The old French
silver smelter, probably a relic of Maximilian days and which
made lua Paz a big city is now shut down and dismantled since
my last visit, but a bank of reverberatores and 8 sets of 5
stamps each of the mill anda huge tailings dump are left anda
rouster, all now rusting upin the weather. Triunfo, a city of
many thousands once, is now a typical scene of desolation. The
substantially well-built adobe and cement homes are abandoned
aul roofs falling in. The thriving stores are closed and only an
excuse for one left, run by a Chinaman. They bave a girls’
school of 25 pupils here, dont see where they all come from. The
cemetery also has gone to decay, Louise Nesbett’s tomb, a Mor-
mon’s ? is best preserved. Never saw a worse case of desolation,
exvept Riyolite Nevada, Puarkinsonia aculeata is cult. here, also
dates and Washingtonia, but not Erythea. Some C. Thurberi,
one bush of anelongated C. Emoryi, one flat Opuntia and some
ubortiva, much shrubbery of Tecome stans, Cracca, Prosopis, etc.
Jatropha with smovth leaves, the horrid J. urens, Antigonum
sti serss # little annual Verbena, Aplopappus diffusus 8 ft. tall,
ct.

in a.
st night. I met Coda here from Todos ete and had a fine
visit with him. | He says the people are very hard up-and starving
and the stock dying from the drought.

ct. 8. Waited all day for Anderson to show up and then
went to bed. Was waked wp at la.m.b
way into m
Paz, sayin

I never driuk, but Anderson was
Will dry ont today and put in
He clear, but bar. reads 180 ft. which is

ound. Corn is very high. Very little
hay for sale. Stock starving on the dry Sakivencthe recent rain
gel. Seems to. be a good species;
lobes very short andr ound, about equaling tube, spreading abrupt -

TRIUNFO, L. C.

CEREUS GUMMOSUS

101 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

ly. Stamens much exserted: pods shorc and appressed. Should
grow on mainland. Did not see Atriplex macropoda anywhere.
This is the type locality,

Oct. 10, It is clouding up as though it was going to rain,

but bar. normal, humidity 75%.
ct 11. The little coast boay, Sonora, came in at 10 a. m,
Last night was delightfully cool.

Oct. 13, e boat stayed in harbor two days, fearing a storm
but is going out tonight, Got all my stuff on board in evening
Sea is calm, making a dreamy afternoon. The Sanvitierra, the
copper company’s boat from Santa Rosalia came in this p, m., the
Bolivar, a federal boat and one other is due tomorrow. Corn is
2 dollars a bushel and hay 4.50 a bale. Cocoanuts and dates are
ripening fast,and mangos a little passed the peak. The avocado,
shiny kind is on the markets,

Oct. 1 My boat did not go out last night. The Bolivar
came in at 8. They say the tide here is 7 ft, At Pichilinga is.
there seemed to be no tide for the water almost touched the shrub-
bery, may have been high tide, This isa beautiful morning. A
fine boulevard, just completed, a mile long, skirts the shore. The
white and block-like Mexican houses nestle under the rounded
ceiba trees and lofty cocoanuts and Washingtonia palms, The
leather factory har one small steamer in the bay, idle from lack
of work; money too tight. Allas quiet as a Sunday at home
Vet. 15. We pulled out in the night and.early before day stopped
in a cove and landed some freight: then took a small boat in tow

island of eruptive. Seems to be Triassic; may be Tertiary. but

be fine botanizing in January. Formation very regular and hor
izontal, cliffs at the back are 2000 ft. plus high. Ail Tropical.
Tiere are pretty little recesses with sandy beaches. No evident
signs of water but vegetation greener in the draws. Weare now
very much nearer shore, a mile off or so, very beautiful as we ]a:8
bv. The formation dips slowly under to the north, probably «il
Triassic. No big and hard boulders, Just passed an aleove with
dates in it but no sign of habitation but a rowboat high on shore.

now rather chocolate-colored and looks like a series of horizontal
lava flows. Came across 2 pearler boats here. Cardons are seat-
tered along shore, with petaivas and C. Thurberi, Some arn
fishing. Off the coast in the morning were 3 islands, still visible
far away. We now have taken 4 pearlers in tow, 0 f them 2
the M. Lonisa, the boat.I hired .te go .to Espiritu Santo island,

102 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

going to decay, once the capitol of the peninsula and religious
center in the days of the padrez, and with a fine old cathedral

seashore, a few hundred yards of alkaline soil, growing dates which
thrive best under auch conditions. It seems to have plenty of

No figs nor Sugarcane. It is calm and still at sunset. Children
stare at me just as they do at the north. Quite a number of

ct. 16. It is bright, clear and still. Old cathedral a pic-
cure of desolation in the midst of a beautiful orchard, all caused

and got some stuff, very dry er hot,
ot ett at 2 p.m, ate some petaiyas, Got a Celastracess shrub,
wii green flowers, the fruit suggests Maytenus, havin d co-

LORETO

ANDING IN SURF,

L

tn Me A ~

LORETO, LOWER CALIFORNIA

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 103

The pearlers collect various shells for pearls as shown by the
tons of univalyes on the shore. e pearl shell most sought is

close by, Dates grow best here in alkaline soil. e Sonora
palm is ripe and 50 ft. high. none self-shedding. Got a smooth
Jatropha with leaves purple-tipped and flowers drooping as in
Vaccinium and cymose, bark gray, Bursera here has smooth
white bark not shredding up and in fruit has copal swellings. The
viejo cactus has 5 ribs normally, often almost spineless below.
Humidity at 3 p.m. 70%. Have seen no Tecoma so far st ar-

is
an Erythea growing here which seems new and which I shall call
E. Loretensis, It is glaucous, as is armata, petioles spineless,

c Clear and still at 8a.m. Boys helping me dry dri-
ers, crazy to do things. Humidity 67%, bar, normal, breeze now
n.W. re are 2 ceiba trees here with spread of branchss

olate. Night. Went east horseback to the hills and got pretiy
sore from riding but got quite a bundle of specimens,

hald, a good vsrietal name, St y big.
3 ft high with habit of Stillingia, Sebastiania sarmen cose. |
is a shrubby Suada here, ies high.
high and woody almost throughout, apg
Went to base of hills, but strata coarse there, | alee of
some fossils like the living shells in the sea, strata in black mud.
idi oon on hills 18 percent, te
paerens she Humidity 68 percent, bar. normal, Primiera
Agua ¥ miles west of Loreto in the ee of ae ee ioe
Pas g +48 Br ‘tation the sume
nidity hera 28 percent. Vege pe —~
habetbgtimnn Engr seg Washingtonia common, Tecoma stans
: o

tut CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

coming in, no Yuccas nor Erytheas, Cereus Thurberi and gum:
mosus also absent; water rather much in the volcanic ash seeps
but is good and has a Polygonum in it like the Cabo one, and
unother aqnatic.- Eustomais here, also Cyperus, Eleocharis and
Cenchrus, no grasses to speak of bus devil grass. Olneya is com-
inon from Loreto up. Dates, sweet lemons, limes, oranges man-
gos, guavas and pomegranates are grown here, There are 2 Pop-
uins Premonti, Hills very dry. Saw one specimen of the tufted
Cubo Cereus with flowers red and 1.5 inch wide, also Mamillaria
Pocelgeri is frequent. They havea big and warty sweet Jemon
with thick skin and another with big navel that are sweet. Their
oranges are beset by a chocolate scale which yellows them consid-
erably too early, trees 40-50 ft. high and full of fruit. Figs and
grapes are out of season. Much Washingtonia cult. here.

There ure several ponds with Typha and Scirpus in them aud one
Cyperus and Seymeria. In the orchard are 2 Euphorbias: alse

10, the viejo mostly 5, The soil is volcanic in horizontal flows.
Hvening. Wenc through the garden twice and got a great load

an oval seed, berry, or drupe, Baccharis sergiloides just in flow-
ver. very graceful as in Adenostoma sparsiflorum, about § ft. high,
in bottoms and moist places, Euenide is on sandy bottoms and

smooth and green fruit striped, stems 20 ft. plus long. There is
much palo blinco.

ct. 20 Humidity 88 %, bar. high. Clear and still, will be hot.
Left my bundles here while I went horseback up the creek to the
upper ranches. The Iuca ranch is 800 ft. alt. Very dry here,
with water in the gulch. Coming back I got an Agave on the
rocks, also Mamillaria Poselgeri. Humidity 70 percent. My mo-

ela, Turnera. No grass here, sheeped ont. Magnificent scenery

: | g with cottony seeds and is 2-
valved, the flowering stalk is 10-15 inches long and at last florif-

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 105

erous on the upper 4 with alternate clusters, but panicle not over
2-3 ft. in all. (The peduncles 10-15 ft. not inches as given), The

the top, and seems to have palo blanco all the way up, there is

quit large, palo verde very common. Vegetation greener than at
Loreto,
Cayuca ranch, 2.30 p. m., 1000 ft. alt. Humidity 58 percent.
Got many things in the box canon here, some ferns. Clouding up
with some fleecy clouds, We are about a mile from the preci} -
tous face of the mt.

ct. 23., 8 a.m,, bar, 600 ft., humidity 92 percent. Fleecy
clouds, looked a little like rain last night but did noc rain, 1t is
still this a. m. The old Garizar mill above here is a quaint old
ruin, built by a trusting Mexican, on the word of aman who said
a rasty iron seam was & old vein, built at a fine waterhole where
water was plentiful, seeping out of rocks, the solid stone house

well. Saw onefruit, the firstseen. The 23rdigot to Cayuca ranch
at 2.30, 1000 ft. alt.,humidity 58 percent. Mules ate even the
twics of Turnera. Last evening we weut 2 miles up the big bar-
ranca coming back by the water cano” and getting a great load
of stuff, mostly shrubs. The Franseria is $ ft. high, with woody

106 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

“anes and bright-yellow flowers. Got a yellow Lantana. 6 ft.
high but branched lika the rest. Ruellie peninsularis Rose is
very common, but the blue flowers scarce as usual, Saw one car-

noticed variations toward Idria making that genus a vegetative
form of Fouquieria, This therefor becomes F. columnaris var.
peninsularis (Rose), which is specifically distinct from splendens
The form here branches like other shrub genera but the trunk

tia, 3 ft. high, with linear and rather open leaves. There seem
tv be 2 species of Agave here besides the long and narrow-leaved
one with close-set black spines which are inclined to be flexnous,
flowering stalks over 10 ft. high,

Oct. 25, 8 a. m. bar. 1000 ft. alt. humidity 90 percent. Clouded
up some after dark, still and warm last night, Ready to start.
Vegetation here mostly petaiya, Pringlei and Thurberi and some

the dryness. Trail poor. Coming up from camp we ascended

e
here as below but Fouquieria less common and broad-leaved and
Jatropha almost gone. Saw some walnut trees among the oaks
but no fruit. 2200 ft. alt. humidity 78 % at3 p. m. Fleecy

SYCAMORE CREEK, TEXAS

ERYTHEA ARMATA

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 107

clouds, There is an Acacia here with white flowers and hooked
spines that is very annoying and at all elevations, rarely 10 ft.
high, but have seen little fruit of it, The persimmon isa shrub
about 15 ft. high, but have seen little fruit of it, also got it at
Primiera Agua and could not tell what it was till I got the fruit.
There is a wasp here with nest hanging down horizontally like an
inverted plate, 4 inches wide, others tongue-like hang from twig
ends and cliffs, The wasp is narrow and yellow and rests on the
water like a skipper and does not wet its feet, and flies from it
easily, have seen hundreds of the neste. There are other wasps
that make nests on tree trunks like a dirt covering, and 1-3 ft.

the merest excuse for a home. Will not rain tonight. We are
on our way back and I am not satisfied with what I got because
of the dryness, but it will be drier on the western side. There
are many more flac Opuntias here with yellow spines and big joints
Asclepias subulata occurs also. Ina gulch gota beautiful mint
6 ft. high, with many slender stems gray and erect among loose
rocks at the bottom. Also found a small tree 10 ft. high, Prunus
ilicifclia without fruit. There is a beautiful amphitheater here «
mile wide with precipitous face near the top, 500 ft or more high
and with many liveoaks along the upper slopes and in draws be-
low cliffs, Strata horizontal but all eruptive in layers 2000 ft.
thick. Saw 3 people today, on their way to Comondnu. Palmer
figs very tall. Saw a puddingstone boulder 30 ft. high overbang-
ing a gulch. Am getting over being sore from riding. |

Oct. 26 Arroyo Undo, 7.30 a, m. Just began to rain gently,
sky all overcast by a thin cloud, sun coming up in the east; they
say it may rain all day. The owner of the ranch came down from
the waterhole above which he reached yesterday noon and stayed
all night with us, another man came just after it began to rain
and so there are 4 of us now under the meager shelter. Got all
our stuff out of the rain. Mules are tied to the brush on the wa-
ter trail, Bar. 2100 ft. and indicates little rain, humidity satu-

103 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

After a time the men took my tarpaulin and tent and put them
ou the roof to keep out the rain, and now we can be rv, the
warpaulin leaks a little at first, probably will swell tight soon,

Steadily raining; everything outside is wet. Shelrer
leaks some but tent does not, soon a boy came on horseback, and
now we ure 5. Rain keeps falling, but looks thin to the éast,
waterproof cover to hat comes in handy this a. m. There is
some wind from the west. 8 30, has stopped raining but looks
dark all around still, Probably + inch rain fell in all. Wind
still strong from west. Bar.200vft. 3,45 Heavy clouds frem
the west falling below the top of the mt. and moving fast to the
',@. Sprinkles oncein a while. Does not look good yet, Brigh-
‘er to the n. w., but clouds still low on mt. and raining. Wind
stilla breeze, but barely sprinkling. The palm thatch on shelter

to Nov. e waterholes are all so dry in many places that the
ranchers had to move out, but stock could get water in isolated

zelia was on the rocks, and saw Eucnide there, got a bush Brick-
ellia-like shrub stragglingly branched, 3-4 ft. high, saw Stegno-
sperma. Got Evolvulus, a low Franseria like ambrosioides brat
perennial (Ambrosia?), The big bush one is common, acerifola
n. sp. Got a bush Anoda. It rains by spells a little and looks

ing, clouds far down on the mt. and below us on the east. Mists
a little now and then. Liable to be here all day. Could as well

road and brought them back and saddled up and we went to the
Cayuca ranch as noted above.

ARIZAR RANCH

G

CAYUCA RANCH

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 109

The last half of last sentence on page 108 should be omitted for
we stayed all night and went to Cayuca ranch the next morning
as noted below.
m, Went across gulch to see what I could find and

Got a Selaginella spreading and rooting over the ground in large
patches, 1-3 ft. wide. Alsoas Cheilanthes (Pringlei?) under rocks
and barely in fruit, Got afew others also. Clouds still hang
low on mt. but no rain, gettin

Oct, 27, 8 a.m. Rained a little last night. very cloudy but
clearing now, Bar, at 2000 ft. Humidity eaturation. Will be
clear and hot today. Everything is wet, mules look a little gaunt,
vegetation seems perfect, cool and delicious. Will get off by 8 a.
m. Hope to get to lower Garizar ranch today, 4 miles below Ca-
yuca ranch early so that I can dry out, Clouds going 8, W. |
the center of the amphitheater at Arroyo Undo is a big draw with
with many dark-green trees, probably Celtis pallida which go to
the bottom of the big cliffs. If it were a little more humid it
would be fine for ferns, The so-called palo fierro” isan Acacia
for I saw the flowers, not papilionaceous but with few flowers,
Palo blanco is common, both Jatrophas are here, one with smooth

ight i ive late, should get off by 2 p
eerie rets OS a Coming down f found The hill
is 800 ft, high t» the level below, and from there here is 200 more
Rained’ here as much as with us. Cereus
the ground, and Pringlei 2-6 ft. above and branc
nodes, Thurberi almost never. 1 -
to Loreto with dates as freight and came back today empty. ©
*palo fierro”, ironwood of my moso has straight spines an inch long
aud has much gray fruit 3 inches long and is rege ere,

C, Pringlei, some Thurberi and Cap
San Juan”, Ruellia, Iresine ae ;
canic flows are tilted 15-24°to the east. rT.
a few miles back in a gulch, also got it] : Sri finch long, el
liptical, deeply 5-grooved and spitting ee as daal
nearly closed and are white-spreading-hairy, se aed s pa roa
* and flowers whit yaiawe petals rotate-spreading and turnec g

110 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY |

coffee:is good to get a little to eat after ours ran out.

et, Bar, 490 ft. alt. humidity 90 percent Quite cold last
Uieur and still this a.m. They have 10 calves here. The chees3
was fine last night. In a Cereus Pringlei tree here, 1.5 ft. diaw.
a dead one all rotted out, the central half foot was hollow where
the flesh had been, then came the woody bundles where the ribs

tire aud nothing a t all to warm any room, and no need for any
a is partly in leaf,

n

on the east by faulting at the crest along the axis, mostly free of
shells except below 1000 ft, alt, where Pleistocene sediments be-
gin on the mesas There are many fine fossil, beds particularly
ut the SanBruno summit on the wagon road. Trails are good

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 111

except for small niggerheads all over the upper reaches where
they hurt the feet. Tiere is some alkali on flats and much Spi-
_rostachys and shrubby Suedas. The ground produces the best
dates on the coast if drained.

Noy. 1, no word about steamer yet, but it is due today from
the north. Yesterday a Chinaman struck me to buy some pearls

in my hands saying they are yours at your price and so I was in
for it and pungled up the 20 pesos, for 7 pesrls.

Nov, 2, @ Copper Co’s boat came in today to load wood, and
expected to hang around for some days, o word of the Seno-
ra yet. Clear and still., 0 ft.high, humidity 91 percent., actual
alt. is about 25 ft

‘ov. 3. The Sonora is in going south. The Corriente goes north
tomorrow, and I will take it to Santa Rosalia. A fine young man
from Todos Santos called on me. Weather lovely and hot, wet
heat. Norain. Went east and got Sueda, shrub 3-6 ft. high
and straggles up among the bushes but often flat on the ground.
There seem to be 2 sp. of Lycium here, both 4-10 ft. high, much
Spirostachys. Steamer departs in p. m., almost packed up, looks
like a general storm is brewing; may have rained a little Jast
night: Got a berth and am all set now and ready to go north.
The men aboard can talk English some so that I can visit a little

Noy. 4. Got to Santa Rosalia at 4 am. Warm and still.
many people here, Hills with little vegetation and very low oe
Three palma in plaza but no sign of blooming ever, but may be the
Sonora palm W. Sonore. There is a palmetto cult. there, Went

i j j i form
some flats in bloom, Stegnosperma is 4-6 ft high, low
Prosopis occur, Cereus gummosue and Schottii are common b
very low, Pringlei is on flats only, j
only one and HS vo grass. ee — shrubbery
The big bracted Celastraceous climber 1 also 8aw, «
There were alge in an aestuary south of the a “ pat
winding and r eky near the sea. Rosario is 66 miles gs Sete
Muleje 41 south, I disembarked here intending oe. : _
flora in bloom was too meager for m 0 ES ee
the same boat for Guaymas and am aboard. many passengers §
ing. Fleecy clouds.

112 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Nov. 5, Boat left Santa Rosalia at 8.30 p. m. and got to Guaymas
ut 6 a.m. Got off boat and to hotel by 8 a. m. Got mail at
last. Very dry and warm here, no rain in a long time, clear and
still. Am answering mail today, Hired a launch to go to mouth
vf harbor and got a few things but too dry. In p.m. took auto
to Miramar and Empalme around the hills to study palms to the
north and west but foand none wild, very dry everywhere, Park-
insonia aculeata on slopes and much mesquit, dense Cereus Prin-
glei on islands but scarce elsewhere, C. gummosus scarce, Schottii

the same species but less common though Larrea and Prosopis
ure more common, Encelia farinosa is everywhere, Aplopappus
diffusus is frequent, and so is Wislizenia in cult fields.

Nov. 7. took baggage to depot for Mazatlan but agent refused to
check ¥ of my bundles and said they must go by Express. As it
was I had 100 lbs extra baggage for which he soaked me pienty,

a d
lustle but not warm. The hotel porter is fine help, 50 years old
and gray. It has been beautifully cloudy all day.
Brandegee surely was wrong when he said Erythea Brandegei was
common on the coast. The only fan-palm is Washingtonia. I
suspect the stray ones I saw on the Lagunas in 1928 were Bran-
vegei, aud [ saw but one little one at San Bartolo where he said

clouds and much sheet lightning coming up from the s. w. and
no wind. Went to station at 1 p, m. and it began to drip and got
worse all the time. Train pulled out for Empalme at 12 where I
had to change to Pullman. Moso proved to be a grafter and

Cvsalpinia in flower. No grass. Things just coming’ into leaf, a
tree, Aca cia? near kil. 718, Bombax, Capparis, no Fouquieria, .
some Larrea, now an occasional Fouquieria in full leafas we go

‘a
going down river. 9.20 a. m. sugar cane and dates. San
Blas Sonora, not the city on the coast; an old, old town. Coun-.
try now looks pretty wet and soggy, much cylindropuntia now, ..
Prosopis very common, Lysiloma, not candida. 10.15 a. m. It is
raining again and somewhat chilly, still soggy, keeping near the

. 7

CANOTIA HOLACANTHA LA BARRANCA

FOUQUIERIA BURRAGII

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 113

coast all the time, but cannot see the water, Much fan-leaved
Lysiloma 30 ft. high,Spersimmon; cactus scarce. Kil. 829, most-
ly Legumose shrubs coming into leaf. The Manzanillo Mimosa
now. Hot, heavy rain here, Franseria ambrosioides, some under-
shrubs coming in, pumpkin vines aleng small river. Kil. 837,
Culiacan, Guamochil, a small town. Had much rain here, just
saw a grove of Sonora palms: very cloudy and still,mostly legu-
minous bushes and few cactus such as Cereus Thurberi. Every-
thing wet. There is a low, 4 ft. high, Jatropha common, like
canescens, The settlements all have palm-leaf roofs, low mits.
far to the east. Crops all harvested and they are plowing for new
crop. Vegetation 10 ft, high, and much the same as at the north
Big-leaved Cassia?. More stock at Culiacan, everything wet and
muddy, clouds going slowly, vegetation very green; people all ap-
pear happy: many scrub goats and sheep with tails not bobbed.
2.30 p, m., ours is a train of 12 cars, all passenger and Express.
4.20 p. m., raining again, much Crotalaria and Antigonum, coun-
try soggy, much Lysiloma, some Cereus Thurberi and Pringlei, a
few big leguminous trees 40-50 ft. high, country normally wet,

t

muddy water. Mazatlan, cool here Got here at 7.30 and went
to hotel Del Mar by the sea. Mud everywhere,very cloudy ont-
side.
Noy. 10, 9.30 a. m, Slept well, weather muggy _and raining at
sea and sprinkling here,road bad with mud and it looks squaily
to the n. w.
Nov. ll, soggy, wet and rainy and very cloudy. Ail my baggage
came yesterday. Got everything ready for the trip to Guadalajara
and stored 8 bundles and valise here. :

Nov. 12, 3000 ft. alt., grass knee-high, Epicampes grandis,
Andropogon and Aristida, big Tuna and Cereus Pringlei, now we

many large shrubs with white and funnel-shaped flowers, mbax
or hice. much grass everywhere, Dalea little feathery
flowers and tall plants 2-3 ft, high, much red or orange Dysodia
370.0 ft. alt., Bambos vulgaris. water very dirty now, we are near

114 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

here are a few seattered liveoaks. Got here at 12.50 and stayed
ull 3 p. m. when we went to the tunneland walked to the other
side iu the rain, earrying our baggage with us and waited an hour
for the relief train from the south when we climbed aboard and
are how waiting to go at 4-30, Wont get to Guadalajara till late
but I got a few sp. by the track while waiting. We have a hig
load of passengers and are about 4UU0 ft. alt. See no liveoaks.
Still drizzling at 5 p. m., 4400 ft. alt. Good view. There are
several ridges or ranges in view now, slopes very steep and all

Nov. 13. Got to Guadalajara at 10 p. m., in the rain and
went to Phoenix hotel, 4500 ft. alt. Too much style here for me.

oak or ash. Houses here are more spacious and with large cent-
ral courtyards. There ara epiphytes growing on the trees as in

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 115

Pomona are here. Night, spent 3 hours botanizing to the east
but did not get out of the city, but gota lot of stuff, There are
bananas here and all sorts of fruit. they say it frosts some here
Down town are places where they sell Cal. oranges, Woodbride-
and Wenatchee Wash. apples. These are the best fruit on the
market, Very cloudy and a little drippy in p. m. with very low
clouds. Did not get tired. .
Nov. 16. Yesterday at 8.30 a..m. the Parkers and I took an
auto ride to La Barranca, and I stayed and they returned. I went
dvwn the tram a way and then took a trail and soon came out on
a 6-foot way paved with cobblestones leading down to the bottom
an old highway and still very much used for it was full of wayfar-
ers. It is the most tortuous one I ever was on, skirting precipices
1 got only half a mile before I was loaded to the ground with spec-
imens, a very rich flora of all kinds including grasses and shrubs,
; . Natholena, 1 sp. Abiantum, 1 sp- Pellaa, 3 sp.
Selaginella, Mentzelia?, Rhynchosia atropurpurea, several sp. Da-
aand Salvia. Isurely got loaded by 3 p.m i on me
twice, then started back lugging my load, At the top there
were 3 eating booths where I[ got a bite to eat, and then left my
load by the fence to go and phone for an auto at the house, but
there wus no phone there, but they said an auto would be at the
booths for passengers at 25 cts: each. I was too tired to walk the
5 miles home and so went back to the huts where they said an
auto would be there in half an hour: so I stooped to tie my bun-
dle better when a machine came in. he driver said in Englis!
Get in” which I did and was whisked home, I offered him 50
cts extra to take me to the Villa which he accepted and landed
me there at 4.30. I arranged with him to come for me Monday.
Sunday noon. I went to visit Prof Puga at his home at Sonata
Guierra No 30 and visited an hour and saw his herbarium in little
books and poorly named by Rose. He is a pharmacist in college.
Got all but the Apocynaceous tree with long white flowers. Not
all ferns are in condition to collect, one more trip will take me to
the bottom, Weather fine all day. Some liveoaks appear on the
benches but no pines. Nov. 20 Cold and clear this a. m., got
a good rest, will loaf the rest of the day, spent forenoon in drying
all my plants of yesterday in driers and will try to change som~
this p. m, butis clouding up- Amaill ready for another day at the
barranca. The river that comes from the n. e. is the Lermo but
the Sentiago comes from lake Chapala.

Nov. 19 auto man did not show up. I waited till ten and
then phoned for another and got down half way and got another
load of stuff, then back to the top where another auto took me
home, Got some teosinte today, evidently a native of ree ky slopes as
corn grows wild here, Got » new sp of Clematis near the top

116 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

There are many self-pruning Washintonias here with varietal
leaves of all forms, but no Erytheas, all cult.
Nov. 20, went to the barranca this a. m., without breakfast to
catch car at plaza. Got down about a mile before I was loaded
gain It was hard work to lug back up at 2.30, but an auto
was waiting so that I got home by 4 p. m. and feel tired. Foun
« peculiar Liabrum and all sorts of atuff, but did not get the
Apocynaceons tree, for I had too much to carry as it was, Gots
big Triumfetta and a Dalea and feel fagged. Weather fine all
day. Got big Desmodium and a peculiar Composite, Verbesina
crocata, straggling upward over bushes as our Nemophila aurits
does, but a shrub, with 3-winged stems, 6-8 ft. high and almost 6
vine and spreads all over and is coarse. clear now. Wil
spend rest of daychanging driers. Slept well but had a hard time
gving to sleep.

Nov. 21, at 8 a. m. went to the barranca, getting there at 9
and got dwn to the meadows and botanized onthe north. Got
a loud of stuff, 3-5 grasses and the Tripsacum and a tall Andro-
pogon, cane-like, also the Apocynaceous tree. Will have at the
leust one more day there before I get tothe bottom. ‘There is
Composite, allied to Heclastocleis but not yet in flower. The mea-
dows have more species than I expected to find. Got a tall Adi-
antum, and home by 3 p,m. Will not go out again today for I
feel tired.

Noy. 22, am quite rested up. Went down to get a cover for
my broken h ygrometer, shops not opon yet. Took off a great lot
of driers this a.m. In p. m. went east to city outskirts and got
loaded down with 2 Cucurbs., one like a cross between a cucum-
ber and watermelon, with a fruit 2 inches long and striped and
smooth: the other a very spiny Echinooystis, creeping herbs.

Nov, 23, put plants in press Almost clear, and cold. Put
& rubber sponge in helmit for use against heat: Went to La Bar-
ranca by 9 a.m. and got down to and through the meadows on
the south and got everything there, no ferns. One moreday and

[ will be chrough. Weather fine but somewhat cloudy. Found

Nov. 25, put plants in press. It is nearly clear today, and
cold.bar. normal. Got oat to the berranca by 8°30 and went
at once to the bottom at power plant and then south to where

JOHN TORLEY

SERENO WATSON

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 117

the trail comes 1exrest the river, and then back ‘o the top by
1.30, and got a big and heavy load of stuff, 1[t took me till 4.30
to get to the top and had to hurry some at that, was getting dark
but I got home at 5..0, and after dark, really 6.30 and feel some
tired. Nochangeit flora to speak of. Salix Bonplandiana
was frequent on the ievees and also a big leguminous tree in
flower but could not get any. It must be over 3 miles to the top.
Completed my work in the barranca and am well pleased at its
thoroughness as to the seasonal flora. Hada fine visit with an
engineer, a graduate from Cornell, who knew all the old time
men there and who lost all his property in the Mex. revolution.

Nov. 26, they sell turnips here under the name of jicama
Went down to Colonias today and got some stuff in p, m. on the
elge of town by the R. R. went down town to get some old pa-
pers for specimen shcets and got on the wrong car and landed at
the market and had to take a cab home.

N ov. I plan going to Empalme de Orendain on train.
Yesterday I got Argemone Mexicana in flower with lemon-yellow
bloom, 2-3 ft. high and apparently biennial: petals evanescent.
Got Baccharis 4-6 ft. high. Nicotiana glauca is common and cult.
The shiny-fruited Mimosa is a weak annual. Went to Orendain

gun to botanize near by when a woman ;
[had to wait till afternoon for
train back but spent the time botanizing. All prairie here with
2 sp. of oaks scattered on the hills. The big-leaved one, a tree
orky bark in vertical ridges.
the otheris a white oak and rarely if at all a tree Got some
new Com posit, one 4 ft. D
freights went south but so far today but 1 going north. Bar, is
4800 ft. alt, No cactus bnt a few Tunas. humidity of the Gusd- —

isjara region is 60-90 percent. This isa great piace for the

lls CLONFRIBULIONS TO WESTERN BUOTA?+1

uatives Lo gather with eatables at train time. The maximum ele
vuitun on Lue way here was eu ft. :

Nov. 29. Wil dry plants aud pack up preparatory to going
home tomorrow, Yesterday was my last duy of botanizing.
bougut for my daughter, Mildred, a beautiful Mexican serape for
30 pesos. ‘lo the south of the truck ut OUrendaiu is a secllon
house, and here and there over the prairie is a Conspicuous Caca-
lus, 3-5 ft. bigh, with the same kiut of leaves as the one at La
Burrauca, but with big white flowers aud is a very mmterestuug
pant, iewv es erect like the compass plant. The formation seems
wo be au impalpable yoleanic woii that slakes in waier making 1b
vpwiescent like vlacial water. Saw the firss Piens aquilina on
the steep slopes of the creek here, and in the bottoman Eryngium
with bruud aud undissected leaves, im wet piuces is a Downingia,
The dry prairie has tufte of a cyperaceous plant and 2-4 sp. of

5 . ‘The grasses are Epicampes, Aristida, Muhienbergia
and Sporobolus, and in the wet places are paspaloids the mesa
vegetation is rater scanty, indicating less moisture and poor 5011.
Toe usuai Hyptis is frequent, and also some Jabiates, Tuna scarce,
saw at Guadalajara some tields of wheat. The country has scat-
tered volcanoes and big plains and low mts. covered scantily with
liveowks and long-leaved pines.

Noy. 30, 84a. m, All set to go, packed up and ready. Been
here 17 days. Gave the girl a peso for being so efficient while on
the job of caring for room. weather clear and still. Got off all
ok. after some rushing. Got a seat inthe first class car with a Mex-
ican afraid of propaganda, Time to go but nothing doing. We
change time here from loeal to Pacific. Acatlan, a small town at
left of @ voleano. Much Agave cult. here. Now out of liveoaks

@ cow and cut her all to pieces

ec 1, Mazatlan,got here at 7am. in the dark and went to
hotel Del Mar and rested all day. Slept some last night on train
Weather is lovely, sea a little rough.

c. 3, left Mazatlan at 5a. m. all set for Nogales and home,
will soon be off, as we go most of the country looks wet and soggy
beans 4 inches high, and plowing the fields is going on, here 1s 4
very rank castor field for we are near the sea, now a little cardon.
Culiacan, big cottonwoods along a river, Populus dimorpha? Gua-
chil, quite a town, mts 4-5 miles east,

: ec. 4, we are now north and east of Guaymas, had a good
night’s sleep, getting colder. Querobabi, everything dead and dry
and it looks frosty, clear and cold, grass everywhere but all dead,
lumber houges and looks more American, a great plain, much
cattle. Got to Nogales at noon and through the custom houses

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WRYFERN BOTANY 119

in an hour. Weather fair and still, everything frosted, left for
Tucson at 4.40,with ail baggage checked for Pomona, feel much
relieved, nothing now to do but ride home, have had sour stom-
ach for several days, and got a package of soda for it and feel
somewhat better now. They are plowing, and some wheat is up.
Plenty of water here. Got to Tucson at 6 p. m.

Dec. 5, now at Banning, cold and still, did not sleep much
last night and my stomach much upset as if I have an infection.
It surely is good to be this near home.

Dec.6 got home duly, and was taken down at once witk a very bal
lumbago that made it very painful getting up and followed by
ulcerated teeth and a temperature of 105°, so that 1 knew I had
a serious infection which I began to control by medication. Then
the teeth had to come out, and my doctor insisted on the hospital

had the case under control. So next day my pressure was nor
mal but the lumbago continued. Another doctor friend eaid I
had rheumatism, eo I began eating oranges and my trouble quit,
but was Purgatory while it lasted. :

After a few months of labeling I was at Berkeley consulting the
Brandegee herbarium, for there was no one in California who was
familiar with Mexican plants. ThenI had another siege with
lumbago and upset it with oranges. I doctored myself and eae
ily nearly always and never had any faith in the theory that bat
teeth and rheumatism had any causative relation.

CACTACE.

THE FANTASTIC CLAN.

igstatenent in this
led me to goover '&
hould not be permitted

California ‘constellations’ of

of this bype
: here in California nor
hug masses’ anyW et
banks of the Colora
does it grow nearer than Ts ob A jatioeade ape

and many miles from Victorville,

120 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WEYTRRN BOTANY

many miles from Victorville, The *Joshua”,, Yucca, is the only
plant growing in *huge masses” in Celifornia near t ere. Prof.
hornber knows better than to blunder like this and it is a good
wager that he never saw the quotation in print before publication
fur it has the earmarks of feminine gush :

f am glad to note that they do not approve of the stupid
Carnegies of Britton and Rose, a name intended to flatter that
old business pirate who paid the cost of pubiication and who did
not think much of the proposed name. :

have often wondered how the sensible Rose came to do it.

The temptation to become a partner with a woman in _ven-
ture like this is great but a man gets the worst of it if he yields,
for it is bad enough to have to face one’s own blunders than those
vf others.

Their pronunciation is hopeless for it conforms neither to the
English nor to the Continental method, both of which are found on
pages 4-6 of Harkness’s Latin grammar ‘

They give senilis as sen’-e-lis instead of se-ni’-lis, or sa-ne-lis
by the Continetal; Johnsoni is given as John-son-e instead of
Jotn-son-i;they give aggregata as ah-gra-gah-tah instead of ag-gre
x#-tu; Arizonica should not be Are-zo-ni-ca u r-i-Zon-i-ca;
They call Blakeana Blake ah na instead of Blake a na, their Cac-
taeex should not be Kak ta ce e as it is in English but Kak tah-

aa, their Cereus is as it isin English but to be consistent they
should call it ka ra oos. They mispronounce coccine i
the English way for it is kok sin e us, but in the Continental is
kok kin a oos; Covillei should be Ko vill i and not Ko vill e de-
serti should be de serti and not dez er te; Emoryi should not be
Einor e but Em ory i; falgida is given right in the English but
the Continental which they ape would be fool ge dah; hystricina
should not be his tre se nah but his tri si nah. They say in the

.

li ze ni. ese errors are al] from pp. 189-190. They do not
give the habitat of all eacti mentioned, such as Cereus John-
soni, from the Beaverdam mts, and Searchlight Nevada: The
usefulness of the book is much impaired by the atrocions pronun-
ciation,

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESFERN BOTANY 12%

___In a savage review of this book ” Desert” of the issue of Apr.
1932 page 130 makes a criticism that is unjust where it quotes the
book’s remark that some cactus wil grow where the winter temp-
erature is 25-30° below zero, calling ita gem of misinformation,
but 1 have collected Cereus viridiflorus in Nebraska where the cold

got Echinocactus Simpsoni, Opuntia fragilis, Mamillaria vivipara
and Cereus phoeniceus where the cold was nearly the same, y
main fault found with the book is the unwarranted and unbal-
anced gush over this pestiferous family and the crude pronunei-
ation. The illustrations are good and poorly colored. The prin-
ting and paper are fine.

CALIFORNIAN OPUNTIAE.

name was proposed by Tournefort in his Institutiones”
for this exclusively American genus which was adopted by Linne-
us in 1753. Britton and Rose in their N.A, Cactaces say that the
name came from Opous where prickly plants grow. Thies guess is
copied by the Oxford Dictionary, but there seems no foundation

bwan gulf, and ontioi the present participle of eimi, the ver) to
in, or as we would say Opuntians
and it was notorious that those people were traitors to the Gree ks
in the Persian wars, and so the name became synonymous with
traitor, which fact Tournefort knew. t more appropriate
name could be found for this viciously horrid genus? i
Engelmann aplit the genus in two sections, Cylindropuntias
and Platyopuntia. Why the hopeless splitters, Britton and Rose
did not make two genera from it fully as good 28 their Cereus
segregates is unanswered, but as it iF the species fall into two
ere t

eight rows, which are calle
but though the etems are roun

raised areas, F
Key to Opuntia.

goth : 1 Jeptocaniis

ike. fruit very spinose. 2 ramosiseius
thick. Spines mostly sheathed.

ry s 1 square,
Tubercles 4-angled, nearly 84 3 Bigelovii

122 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

* pe longer than wide,
Tub _ 8 2-3 times as long as wide.
3 erect, sheaths 2 mm, wide.
anches clustered at a of stems, joints
‘int readily falling, fruit very spinuse above
and bare below and dry. 4 echinocarpa.
Branches not clustered above, racemose,
— readily falling and swollen in
iddle, flowers red and proliferous. 6 prolifera
Sane as or arcuate below
stems elongated and prostrate, flowers
greenish-yellow, 6 serpentina
Stems not over 6 inches long, arcuate,
with tip erect, spines flattened and
sheathless, flowers yellow. 7 clavata
Tubercles linear and elongated, at least
4 times as long as wide, fruit dry, stems erect,
pect Seto fruit not biennial,
spin 8 acanthocarps.
ewer vain fruit hh spinose

around the upper margin 9 Parryi
Platyopuntia.
Fruit dry.
Fruit about eight seeds large. 10 basilaris

Fruit spinos
Areoles about 4 inch apart, spines

air-li 11 ursina.
Areoles % 3 “acheg apart, usnally
spineless belo 12 rhodantha

Fruit edible and juicy.
Stems with trunk, erect, very yellow |
spined, frnit purple, with green juice. 13 chlorotica
Stems prostrate or spreading widely.
Stems ii spreading, the base
rarely er 14 occidentalis
Stems prostrate or nearly so and forming

oink fhm mostly he Meo spines
declineb and white 15 Mohavensis.
Joints relatively venalk aay in
a string. 16 Vaseyi.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WBSFERN BOTANY 123

O, leptocanlis Eng. is an insignficant bush along the Colora-
do river where the red and globular fruit, often ce ie like swel-
lings in be trunk when proliferous are notice

mosissima Eng, is an openly branched ast, like the

last ney growing in the brush also but has very spiny fruit on the
ends of twigs, but the vestiges of tubercies pi together like pave-
met Cc

Q. Bigelovii Eng., the horrid cholla, pronounced ites i8 a-
bundant at about 1009 ft alt. from Whitewater to Arizo The
erect stems are stout and 4-8 ft. high and with clusters at short
and thick branches which fall off when brushed by stock and also
adiere to the lega the more they try to kick them off. The fruit
is yellow and mostly insect- stung, seldom maturing, and then
with few seeds in an acid cavity, seeds white, borderless, 3-5 mm.
wide, 1.5 mm. thick, round, sharply apiculate at raphe. This
has the same disarticulating habit as O. cholla, prolifera, and ful-
gida have and are shunned by all animals but the cactus wren and
mockingbird thrush which nest in its branches. Fruit very epiny
when young and becoming smooth in age.

Q. echinocarpa Eng. This iserect and 2-3 ft, high, with
fruit spiny around the top, and maturing the season of blooming

and much eaten by chipmunks so that seeds are bard to find, It
abounds hen Bigelovii and east to Utah.
prolifera "En This seacoast cholla is erect and widely
spreading with scattered branches, and fruit often producing buds
which become floweres and these again proliferating into a string

ted seed in the aborted fruit. This is a pestiferous plant.

O. serpentina Eng. This rare coast cactus from San Diego
is the only really prostrate species of the group and has very
8 piny Bde and red or reddi

vata Eng. This is the only dete wegen without
sheaths “a the only one growing in dense patches with short
and hooked stems decumbent and rooting below, flowers yellow,
fruit 2 inches long, with white woo] and many § spicules. Seeds
about 8 mm.wide. Abundant at Searchlight, and in the Moe-

ave tes bere east pie i vas
The fruit of this is spiny to

he branches are a foot or
more long and greenish- brown, with “the reddish flowers at the

; Tropical in habit, as is Bigelovii
0. Parryi a rig fis abounds on the humid western slope

it ang except for a few spines at
very tip. The fruits are muc ch eaten by insects so that good seed
is ard to find ne is like that of Bigelovii.

The flatetemmed, hid yas species are common on th
foothills from 1000 ft. o 4000. ft. alt., thouge not restricted to it

424 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

O. basilaris Eng, Thisia cailed the beaver-tailed cactus,
and has the most beautiful purple flowers in the genus. It is
‘Tropical and grows in the hot sands and is the only species with
obovate-emarginate joints, 4-6 inches long, destitute of spires,
bluish and with yellow areoles set in dimples on the surface, and
rather close set, being about 7-8 mm. apart. The fruit is red,
and dry and filled with the horizontilly lying seeds, which are &

m. wide by 3.5 mm. thick, and with a thick corky and rounded
rim 3 mm. thick

). basilaris var, Treleasei (Coulter). This variety is like the
type in spreading decumbent over the ground, but has raised ur--
oles und 1-3 short spines in them, Bakersfield.

Q.ursina Weber. This has areoles half an inch apart and
usually with long and hairlike spines. When the spines are half
an inch long it becomes O. erinacea Eng. The fruit is very spiny.

QO. rhodantha Schuman is the only dry-fruited one left. It
grows high up in the Middle Temperate or Pinus ponderosa area
of the White mts. The areoles are 2-3 inches apart and is red flow-
ered. It forms clumps, being decumbent, and has small seeds.
There is much doubt about the validity of this and rest of the
species,

There are two cult species having erect and tree-like trunks,
that grow with us, O. megacantha Salm Dyck which has truncate
fruit and large and mostly spineless joints; and O, Ficus-Indica
a narrow-stemmed cactus with deeply umbilicate fruit are culti-
vated largely as spineless cacti, having been exploited as such by
Burbank.

Species since there are no sure distinctions obtainable. The seed
character has 3 sharp angles on the outer rim of the circular seed

joints, or sections of stems, normally vary from round to elliptical
or oblanceolate and ron from half to @ quarter inch thick, the
spines are one to few and declined in the axils, variously angled,
and red, black or brown below. The thin form of this species, O.
Covillei Br. & R, also bas yellow flowers and is common on the
foothills, passing readily into the thick-stemmed var. littoralis
(Eng) Parish, most common along the coast. The speci es has
uscending to prostrate branches, often a foot long from very spiny
stems which are erect. he seeds are flattened, 2 mm_ thick by
2.5 mm wide, with arim .5 mm wide. ©. Mohavensis Eng. isa
nearly prostrate plant of the juniper belt,with large joints, and
goes from San Felipe valley to 600) fr, alt. in the higher mts.
. Vaseyi Br. & R, is another form of occidentalis with thin parts
and small, reddish joints prostrate, and often purple flowers,
is common in the foothills.

YUCCA BREVIFOLIA VAR, WOLFEI

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 125

Tha color of flowers and juiciness of fruit are not reliable in
describing species, nor is the shape of branches and number of
spines and their color ,of vaiue, but the distance of areoles apart
is significant.

n March 3-4 in a trip to study cactus I fonnd none to speak
of till 3) miles east of Barstow where some 0. echinocarps and
fasciculata came in over a small area and disappeared till 11 miles

rom Biker where they came in strong in a wash and prevailed to

Mountain Pass and Yucca Grove where was very mach Cylindro-
puntia wherever the yucca grew, elevation 3500-4000 ft. alt. The
flat Opuntias came in at the pass, such as basilaris and much rho-
dantha with 6-10 reddening joints, Above Wheaton spring was
some chlorotica, 3-4 ft. high, on rocky slopes, also Mamillaria de-
serti.

Yucca brevifolia var. Wolfein. var.

At Yucca Grove and Mountain Pass on the Arrowhead high-
way are immense numbers of a yucca having small and oblong-
ovate heads about 6 inches by a foot long, of flowers, which are
sessile at the ends of the branches, the white flowers are 2 inches
long, with the linear-lanceolate petals 2 mm. thick; stamens with
globose anthers; odor carrion-like; leaves 4-6 inches long and very
sharp-edged and short-pointed with a black spine, The stems
are more slender than the type and haye many more slender
branches and with trunks rarely 3 ft. through. Named for Mr.
Wolfe of the Santa Ana ranch who first noted it.
Hutchinsonia hyalina Jones proves to be a rayless form of Hymen-
othrix Wislizeni which Blake has mistakenly named H. Morrisii.

DICORIA T. & G.

ignorant of Gree ae
Mecon and Erig-

botanists, or ignored by them,
give an erroneous impression of the facts.

126 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

drawn as they are in nature but the anthers are spread out as they
become after anthesis, but in flower the tips cohere and the body
of each bulges out, forming with the rest an oval mass till they
discharge, The filament tube is 4 simple hyaline, 5-toothed co-
rolla-like cylinder within the main obconic and atipitate corvlla
of the staminate flower. The fertile flowers are 3 and corolia ab-
sent, consisting of a naked ovary with the 2 linear stigmas, sub-
tended by a floating and accrescent glutinous bract which is de-
ciduous and carries the seed away with it. These 3 bracts are in-
conspicuous and small at first, the outer one appearing as a mere
appressed scale, but beneath it is the first ovary which early be-
comes a seed and protrudes some till its bract developes and em-
braces it. At first the bracts are flat, oval and small, but in a few
weeks become boat-shaped by the incurving edges and an inch
long as in my specimens of Brandegei, The type of the genus
was Collected very late in the year, after frost, and this is why
the floating bracts are so well developed, The type of Brandegei
was got early in the fall before the last two bracts had emerged.
Tae genus is annual, with the habit of Ambrosia and Franseria,
and tie rough pubescence,the onter bracts are explanate when
mature, and oblong-linear and rather truncate at tip and 4-6 in
uumber. Then come the 3 bracts with the fertile flowers, on the
receptacle, and then the cluster of sterile flowers with the yellow
ant ber ball. Ignorance of the late blooming was the cause of th e
remark of T, & G, ” not since found’, and of my failing to get it
for 40 years, and of the blundersof Miss Eastwood, Kearney, and
Blake in making synonyms. There are but 2 valid species, Bran-
_degei and canescens, based on the leaves, narrow and broad. The
u

haunting for 40 years”. I knew it instantly and gathered it. No
plants could be expected alive at thatseason. This explained my
finding the cotyledonal leaves at Moab carlier, and led me to the-
orize about missing it before.

On Oct.1 st. 1933 I went to Mt. Pisgah an extinct voleanoin
the Mojave region near Ludlow, and found near Do dge station 10
miles east of Barstow large numbers of Dicoriain full bloom along
the way, and none had a suspicion of an enlarged bract, and | got
specimens of it. There were ripe single seeds in each flowerhead.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 127

On Oct 22nd, I took another trip to the same place and
found the plants in fall fruit, and all of them full of ripe fruit
ani with the enlarged bracts concave and boat-slaped, and most-
ly half an inch long, and covered by stalked glands exuding a
gummy and bitter substance. Most of the heads had 2 opposed
bracts making a seeming laterally compressed and ovate bloom
with each bract so concave as to loosely enfold an akene, The
stigmas were 2, or split to the base and deciduous. Occasionaily
there is a long-stalked stigma below the group of sterile flowers as
if another akene were about to develop, the staminte ones were al-
ways present. The akenes were quite concave and with incurved
edges und with the center of the convex back full of stalked glands
though the rest of the truncate akene was smooth and shining.

A few days after this I also went to Whitewater to study the ge-
nus there, but found none in bloom because the season there is a
month later though the elevation is the same. iss East wood
was the first of the natural blunders to make fake species on the
relative size of the bracts in D. Wetherilli and paniculata. forms of
Brandegei; then Kennedy with D. Clarke from canescens; ther

‘ake in Tidestrom’s flora of Utah and Nevada copies them.

larged bract on any, and most of them with one mature seed tos

‘ : . : ‘. d ones,
floating bracts developed into hemispherical boat shaped
about 1 inch long, nik oan I went on down to Palm Springs at
sea level Dicoria was only just in bloom.

Dec. 29th. I was ae at the Springs and found is a
a)] in full fruif and normally ig high and paniculate but &
stunted ones only 4-6 inches high. :

Jan. Went to the Springs again and east “n peas
and found Dicoria here and there fully develope ee ‘ty dahios
ft. high with the habit of tumble-weeds, but the bracts’ Sul ttT
Had Gray known that there are 2 opposed bracts be mig
called the genus Didymocoris, a better name.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 128

Hutchinsonia hyalina Jones (See above) is a rayless form of
I[ymenothrix Wislizeni Gray which Blake has mistakenly ees
I. Morrissii, it is not often that one can correct two blunders at
once but his 8 ecies cannot be maintained in the sate of rcp

er ratic igenk is put ‘ Risen e as a var. of peninsulare,
intergrades appear over a wide fieid. Greene was so saeioted 16
seeing characters that had no existence, that his descriptions did
hot puss muster with acute botanists, but in this case he was right
‘hat the inner perianth of Allium is hyaline-msrgined is not

known in native onions, In this case the segments have a thin
ridge 1 mm. wide which is so fluted as to seem beaded to the eye,
but is white and crimped, but on drying seems lacerate. The
bulbs propagate by division and are quite small and deep seated in
the spongy gumbo seil which bakes hard in summer. - ichlam-
ydium, its ally is misspelled by Greene and by Jepson. Its seg-
ments are oval to oblong and acute, not acuminate, sid without
serration. Botanists will not soon forget Greene’s eruption with
new names for genera and species following the advent of the Kew
Index, as though he had just come to that subject in his botani-

cal studies, Le was imitated by E. P. Sheldon on Astragalus
where he made a new name for A, pictus Gray because antedated
by a nomen nudum, Greene then switched to Dioscorides to ex-
hibit his great Greek scholarship, using arecent translation of the
old pharmacist‘s work. This bluff got by because Greek was not
known to many or so poorly known, about as well as by Cope and
O. D, Marsh, the zoological sco urges,

ARCTOMECON CALIFORNICA.

In his Death Valley report Coville oa Watson's, Gray’s,
and Torrey’s blunder on the gender of Arctomecon where they
took it to be neuter because if ended in ”on” ne pea ending,
but omego uu is not neuter for it is the endin

There is in Utah and Nevadaa large area ot on bass re or Ter-
tiary clays representing ancient salt seas where alkaline clays are
exposed which are so barren that litle Ms eg will grow on them
and here is where Arctomecon Californica abounds in Nevada
No one has ever suc ceeded in growing it

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 129

Psoralea hypogea Nutt, is described as having linear leaflets,
but they vary to oblanceolate.

Astragalus Brazoensis Buckley was one of my pleasant sur-
prises in my Texan botanizing, forit grew abundantly from Eagle
i

Eriogonum trichopes Torrey. Gray was the one who altered
this to trichopodum because it was a hybril name. ITad he been
half as familiar with lingaistics as he assumed he would have seen
that the Romans were chronic violators of this rule themselves and
did not lay much stress on it. Had Torrey called it trichopus
there could have been little to citicize. : he il

In a recent trip to Julian Cal,, an old station on the historic
trail of the padres, and the one followed by Bigelow in the ane
can Boundary survey when Artragalus oocarpus was fiirst flea
and later on figured as crotalarioide by Torrey, I found this rire

Pyrola L. is messpelled Pirola by Jepson Man: p, 638 and by
Torre and Harms Siphonegamia, but other authors give ; ¢ in
the Species Plantarum. Bailey gives it right, but gives the deri-
vation as a diminu tive of Sees Sieg bs
for vari kinds of grain because 0 :
pur, sail red. it is mote likely that the name was used -
cause of the color of the flowers Mea any omnes to peare.
Bauhin first used the name which Linnzus 4 “ae :

Crossosoma Bigelovii Watson. In his type oon taee abet
son says that the embryonic character disagrees wit \ a a “aoh
but in the field a person is struck by the similarity of the ge na
though Peonia is an herb. I was glad to see that someone
courage to create the Crossomataces.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 130

Argemone purpurea Rose is another of Rose’s foolish species
for anyone coilecting along the Uvalde-Eagle Pass road pusses
pust acres of hispida and then comes to purpled or tinged
torms and then to all-colored ones and soon out of them again in-
to the normal ones, some are almost black, then a few roda away
are lighter-colored forms, one is led to think it a good species be-
cause the genus has none but yellow variants elsewhere. There is
no other character but floral color to the species proposed by Roe
and sv it falls. This surprized me more to find it than I was
tu get white flowered Eschscholtzias at Cochise Ariz. growing
wild, for | had seen white and pink ones in cultivation,

Defending Ones Self.

In writing on pages 3-5 Cont 17 I was writing of a historical
fact us » matter of news, not knowing that it had become publicly
distorted by Jepson to feed a grudge,at being exposed as an igno-
rainua. It was not written as an apology and no attempt was
iuade to solten down the event for I never felt any regret at my
port in it, and I would do the same thing now. A man who will
net figut for his rights isa fool. In my younger days I used to
belteve implicitly iu the hairbrained doctrine of nonresistence to
evil and other fool teachings of the Christian church such as di-

bring in a verdict according to the law and the evidence. My re-

ply was “*No”’, en asked my reason for it I replied that I

would swear to see that justice was done but I would not bind my-

self in advanee to observe any fool law that might be in the stat-

‘tes, and that the wrong side to s case usually presents perjured
idence. I was excused from service.

Streptanthus carinatus Wright and 8. Arizonicus Watson cannot
both be kept upand it is unlikely that plutycarpus is separate,
The degree of saccation at the base of flowers is variable. The
petal blades are oblanceolate and conspicuously purple-veined,
and with rather wide and hyaline margins as far as base of claws.
The move robust specimens have the lower leaves conspicuously

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 131

and Campbeil’s ranch, Azucar mts, Ariz., near San Simon, m
no. 23071, but among them are forms that go as well as Arizoni-
cus. ‘The blades are very variable in width. If the species
merge platycarpus tukes the name. It is evident that some
Streptanthi must go into Caulanthus.

FINANCE

People often write Pomona College for my Contributions as if it
were my botanicai legatee when it bought my herbarium, but it
has no interest in my library or publications nor control over
them, nor would it be tolerated if attempted. Since 1923 all ma-
terial collected by me has been mounted or used as its own, but
not under any agreement with me, The types of my 1926, 1928,
1930 and 1931 collections went to the College by agreement be-
cause it helped finance the trips, but since 1931 it has had no fi-
nancial interest in my work. With these exceptions I have had
no official connection. My publications are my own and written
to state my opinions on modern day botany, in spite of unasked
adviee of timid people, and at my own expense. I do not adver-
tise nor sell to dealers, nor ask them to be reviewed because rT
magazines are in the control of propagandists who cannot be tr..s-
to be fair or honestly review @ publication which does not fol-
low their code.

NORTHAMERICAN BOTANY.

__ Early in the 19th century and the last year of 1700 Humbo'dt
with a great retinue of servants began exploring the
iso and in 1814 began publishing his ”Nov. Gen. et Sp.” in varied

tic or Alpine, supposing them
des which he thought controlled conti-
nental isotherms. He published a diagram of the floral zones ©
Mexican volcanoes which was copied in Cornell’s geography in my
boyhood days and which J studied.
al work was done by
tt, Gronovius, Clayton,
i Nuttall
rs till Michaux got out his
hich in 1814 was followed by that of

132 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

At this point on June 3, 1934, my father, Prof. Marcus E. Jones met
with a fatal accident. He was returning alone from a day’s field trip in
h

struck in the rear by another car and overturned. He was thrown out,
suffering a basal fracture and other injuries, and instantly killed. He
died as he had wished, “in the harness”. In his home, or workshop,
where he lived alone, were found his printing press, fonts of type, the
completed pages of this “Contribution” and a binder of various manu-
scripts, most of which he must have intended to work over and print;
for he planned 100 pages more. I have done my best to arrange the ma-
terial, condensing as necessary. His recent notes on Opuntia can be
found in “Desert”, a magazine on succulents published in Pasadena. He
probably intended to include his list of plants collected on a recent trip

rough Mendocino county and into Oregon, but it is impossible for me
to include it. The rather long manuscript has been left at the herbarium
of Pomona College with Dr. Munz, where it can be consulted by anyone
interested. There also can be found his many books of manuscript of
his unfinished “Flora of the Great Basin.”

In these pages I have not tried to delete all of his caustic comments
(although not assuming responsibility for them). I did not like to de-
stroy so characteristic a flavor, whic many of his correspondents evi-
dently enjoyed; else why did they ask for more ? Those who knew him
well, knew that his “bark was worse than his bite”, that he would go to

Mabel Jones Broaddus

( Se NORTH AMERICAN BOTANY. See also Cont. 15:743
12:82; 3:78).

About the time Pursh’s Flora came out, there came to America a
talented Frenchman by the name of Rafinesque,— a man with an ex-
alted opinion of his own importance, who became the pest of American

ny. He was three years older than Nuttall who was born in 1786.
Nuttall was a high-strung Englishman, who became curator of the Har-

=

en ee age Cee ee ee ey Ny an age MSE Ce DE! Pe eRe eee eee ee ee ee

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY » ot

vard Botanical Garden and later on an instructor there. Rafinesque pub-
lished his ideas in Silliman’s Journal for years, til] he wore out his wel-
come and began to publish himself the American Monthly Magazine
and Neogemyton, etc., where he had no one to restrain him.

John Torrey, twelve years younger than Nuttall and a genial gen-
tleman who had no enemies and many friends, was made professor of
botany and chemistry at West Point and soon became the semi-official
government botanist. After Lewis and Clark’s Expedition to the North-
west, he took up the work of naming the collections ot government ex-
peditions.

Nuttall, who had named specimens collected by Wyeth, was eager
to get into the great West, especially after meeting Wyeth and hearing
him tell of his explorations. In 1833 he applied to the directors of the
Harvard gardens for leave of absence to go on a trip with Wyeth, but
was refused. This attempt to dictate to him so aroused his anger, that
he promptly resigned and arranged with Townsend, a geologist, to go
with Wyeth and explore. They outfitted at Independence, Mo. or
Leavenworth, Kan., nearby, and started out afoot, carrying their packs
on their backs.

Just what was Nuttall’s equipment on that trip is unknown, but it
must have been poor; for all of his specimens seen by me were mere
snips such as a school-girl would take on a ride into the country and pre-
served in the same way, by being put into a book and left to blacken.
After meeting Wyeth’s party at Boneville, no doubt he was allowed to
carry his luggage in the mess wagon, but his space was surely limited.

The trip began April 28, 1834, too early, Nuttall complained, for
botanizing along the way until they got about to Independence Rock in

ington to the divide leading down to what is now Baker City, where
there were fine mea
meadows to what is now
range to avoid the box canyon leading down the river to what is now Um-

atilla. Here they reached the
it to Walla Walla, their destination. There the party broke up and Nut-

134 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

tall went down the river to Astoria. From here he sailed for California,
finally reaching San Diego, where he remained for some time botanizing.
e then went by boat to the Sandwich Islands and back to the Atlantic
coast by way of Panama. This monumental trip was the most productive
of new species and new genera of any of the transcontinental trips, and
yet it did not cover more than one fourth as much territory as I have
covered in my botanizing. But it was made by slow wagon travel, while
I have traveled over Nuttall’s route several times by auto or train through
Wyoming and west, botanizing at critical places on the way, and visiting
many of Nuttall’s type places.
er this time the Government sent out many exploring parties
equipped for botanical work. Gray, who was a pupil of Torrey’s in the
early days, naturally shared with Torrey the naming of the botanical
material. Together they got out also the Report on the Mexican Boun-
dary Survey.
When Nuttall returned from the west with all his collections, he

Philadelphia Society. He continued his relations with that body until
his death. It is evident that he had some plans about getting out a flora
of the United States, for in 1818 he published his Genera of North
America, and in 1842 his Trees of North America. Just what was the
cause of his hostility to Gray is not known, but professional jealousy
was not unknown in those days when Rafinesque was making himself
odious by his publications. The fact remains that Nuttall did not at
all like Torrey and Gray’s handling of his new species and genera in
their Flora of North America. That Nuttall regarded Gray as an up-
start was evident, for Gray was 24 years younger than he. Yet so far as
I can find out Gray never entered into any controversy with Nuttall, but
y with men who were younger than he. Gray was a savage partisan
and did not hesitate to try to crush them.
In his later years Torrey deposited all his types in the herbarium at
Columbia, which school was to become his botanical executor. The

us by shutting off our avenues of publication. While Gray lived, most

he would devote the rest of his life to undoing the work of Gray, con-
tinued to publish in the California Academy of Science Proceedings and

’ CONTRIBUTIONS: TO WESTERN BOTANY 135

later got out Flora Franciscana and Pittonia, a series of publications, fol-
lowed by Leaflets, and other issues. He got Jepson to start Erythea, a
Calif. Journal which held on for some years till it finally died from lack
of support. Then Jepson started Madrona, a similar publication, which
had a precarious life. Greene went insane before he died. Gray finally
died of old age. His work was continued by Watson, his chief aide, and
by B. L. Robinson, his successor at Harvard.

Very soon after Gray’s death, N. L. Britton of Columbia began try-
ing to dominate American botany. He enlisted the services of J. N. Rose
of the National Herbarium, and between them they got out a revision ot
the Crassulaceae and Cactaceae at Britton’s expense. Not long afterward
Rose died.

Britton had started the New York Botanical Garden, from which he
published Memoirs at various times, and at last began the publication of
a flora of North America, enlisting the efforts of P. A. Rydberg, Curator
of the herbarium, until Rydberg’s death. Britton has certain peculiar
ideas about species and genera that are not favored in America, and he
has not ceased to try to throw discredit on the work of Harvard and ot
others who oppose him. ;

(This article was obviously left unfinished. M. J. B.)

NEW SPECIES

Nissoloides cylindrica (3784) N. Gen and N. Sp. No. 27223. Guad-
alajara, Mex. Nov. 27, 1930. In moist fields, creeping and rooting, with

nodes. Stipules green, rigid, nerved, acerose, 2-4 mm. tong.
1-2 in. long, of three leaflets which are elliptical, 1-1.5 cm. long,
venose, rounded at both
a rachis about as long as the leaflet,
from the pair, darker above and veiny. F
cemes six inches long, and in fruit separate
ed by triangular bracts 1-2 mm. long. Pe

small. Fruit filiform, 1-2 in. long, e six joints
little constricted at the joints, very sig tte
ally striate and very shortly crisp-hairy; each joint about 4 gh i
1 mm. thick, with rather prominent but not winged sutures, = e; °
wing on the terminal one but it is acuminate, shortly stipitate. Tlowe

absent.

Filix Adanson Fam. This
to it by Adanson, must stand on
i i wo!

he cies were given with it. This
etwas he Senate Athyrium filix-foemina. This then becomes

136 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

the type of filix. So the contest is between filix and Athyrium as to
riority and not with Cystopteris. Therefore Maxon’s and Underwood’s
references of Cystopteris to Felix are unwarranted. :

Nothoscordum striatum. This plant has much the same habit as
Allium and the markings of the bulb are about as in A. Bolanderi or
hyalinum. The bulbs when mature are about an inch long, ovate, and
with the thin coats of the onions. At the junction of the base of bulb to
the roots, bulblets are produced outside of the coats, are ascending and
sharp-pointed, several of them to a bulb, and white.

Androstephium violaceum Torr. This has the same kind of prop-
agation as Nothoscordum, but the bulb coats are thick and very fibrous
with many vertical ribs.

In Coulter’s Flora of Texas he left out the genera Cooperia, Crinus,
and Zephyranthes on page 430. But he put them in the key on page
429.

Amsonia by Woodson. In this recent brochure things have been
brought up to date and the species revised, but in my opinion, too many
species have been recognized in the genus. There are in all probability
few genera younger than Amsonia, and the so-called species are too con-
fluent for good species, but the collections are as yet too meager for
certainty in defining the proper limitations. I am sure that Amsonia
brevifolia and tomentosa are only forms of the same species. The char-
acters given by Woodson do not hold out. I have seen acres of them and
studied them in the field fully.

e geological maps accompanying the brochure are open to serious
criticism. Mr. Woodson does not pretend that the maps are his own, but
says they are copied from sources which he considered authentic; my
criticism is therefore not aimed at Woodson but at the author of the

It is natural to want to find the origin of species during geological
time, but up to the present there is too little authentic material on which
to work, and in addition, the paleobotanists who have described most of
the species are not competent systematists, and their results are mostly

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 137

guesswork rather than established facts. I have had a chance to check
up on the work of Knowlton and Ward on certain geological forma-
tions. Take, for example, Knowlton’s work on the Tertiary flora of the
upper Snake region. There are certain regions of exposures in which
fine leaf impressions are to be found. Knowlton figured and described
certain genera as Populus, Salix, etc., making numerous species based on
those impressions. Now what competent botanist would dare to identi-
fy any species of Populus on the leaves alone, knowing the species as
they grow all around him? And yet here is a paleobotanist who does

goose chase,
In my work on Astragalus I made a serious effort to get at the
origin of the genus in geological time. I found nothing worth consider-

son who tackles Cactaceae at once invites contrast with the magnificent
work on the family by Engelmann, the greatest of American botanists,
and he must be a very great person to appear anything but a pygmy in

knew what they mean and what they
insisting that all new descriptions be in Latin.
7 in looking over this

U mbelliferae by Miss Mildred Machias. 3 confess in er th
very epee and cahatte work by Miss Mathias that I do not like it.
I would like to go through it critically and show up all its shortcomings,

but personal reasons prevent. : rtion, but follows, in the

138 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

in keeping up on trivial grounds various genera that never had any
standing. The author probably never had much field experience, but
bases the work on herbarium material. A very small amount of field
work would show her the absolute untenability of many genera, if she
has any generic sense of proportion. Her sense of specific limitations is
also weak, since she keeps up as species many varieties that any field
botanist would recognize at once.

Since there has been such widespread opposition to Rose’s treat-
ment of the Umbelliferae, one expects a philosophical discussion of the
basis of every genus; but Miss Mathias seems too timid to attempt it. I

pes. It is quite a different thing, more like Cogswellia. C. longipes is a
peculiar species, growing flat on the ground in early spring with a rosette
of leaves and sessile inflorescence. As it matures the foot elongates and
the pedicle also so that the flowers or fruit are a foot above ground. The
root is tuberous and fleshy, while that of Lapidosus is quite different.
So is the habit of the two. I notice a similar absence of critical judg-

should be suppressed. Cases in point are Astragalus grallator Watson,
Astragalus oocalycis Jones, and Astragalus hyalinus Jones. There is
much duplication of forms in the Umbelliferi because of the varying de-
velopment of wings according to the time of fruiting of certain species.
It should be easy to give a good description of a well established species,
and this description should be based not on the characters shown by the
type specimen so much as on the plant as it is known to grow.

Our nomenclature practices are at fault in many cases in the matter
of priority. It is the practice to recognize the first name applied to a
species, and if variations of it are found later on, those go as varieties of
the earlier species. But this practice is biologically wrong, for the reason
that often the first name applied to a species was given not to the plant
as it grows but to a variation, good enough as a variety, but not preva-
lent enough to warrant using the specific name for it. An example of

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 139

this is Astragalus lentiginosus, a name applied to a very local form of a
cosmopolitan species. So Astragalus diphysus, a far more representative
form, must go as a variety of lentiginosus, a case where the tail wags the
dog

BOTANISTS WHOM I HAVE KNOWN

s a woeful lack of information about the makers of the
systematic botany of today,— the collectors and the writers on western
bota has been my g' ortune to have belonged to the middie
period. Pursh and Michaux were gone when I began to botanize in
1875. Nuttall was still alive, though old. He died in 1859 when I was
seven years old. Torrey lived until I was twenty, but he had dropped
botanical work. Douglas was dead also, and many of the

his steely black eyes indicative of his fighting nature. \o®
about pide and eri in Cont. 16.) The photo of Torrey, issued by the
Bulletin at the time o

: i hom he
that of Sir Joseph Hooker, endeared him to all w é
phos of aE is from the Botanical Gazette. There is also a copy of
this photo at the Pomona College herbarium.

WATSON a

: : : i ished at the deaths of
It is noticeable that in the articles publis ats ;
three men, there is no tribute of personal friendship in the review of

140 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Watson’s life, just a cold statement of fact, nothing like the warm per-
sonal regard shown for Torre

Watson’s meteoric advent into botany led many to ask about his
origin. The records show he graduated from Yale in 1847, and was
born in 1826, some 26 years before the writer was. He was a teacher
in Iowa College (now Grinnell) in 1867, and was given the M. A. de-
gree there about the time of my Colorado explorations in 1879. The
absence of evidences of personal regard shows him to have been as un-
social as I have represented him to have been. (Cont. 16:47) As a bot-
anist, however, he stood nearly at the top. No one but Engelmann has
evoked as much praise from me as Watson.

DR. GEORGE VASEY

Another man whom we all admired for his worth, but whose cali-
ber was not that of Watson, was Dr. Vasey, botanist of the U. S. Dept.
of Agriculture, whose chair Coville has rattled around in. Vasey was a
real man in every way, always prompt and reliable, giving personal at-
tention to his work. There was no man in the profession for whom I

and called it Melica frutescens. This was the last letter that I received
from Vasey. His assistant, L. H. wey, who, after his death, was to
take his place in charge of the grasses, was pushed aside by Scribner,
who remained in charge until he was removed. (Cont. 15:30) In 1894
when I was in Washington, Dr. Rose had as his stenographer, Miss
Vasey, the daughter of the doctor. She was a very social person and, at
Dr. Rose’s suggestion, took me over to the Corcoran Art Gallery and
showed me all around.

DR. J. N. ROSE

The lovable Dr. Rose (Cont. 15:30) was no field botanist but very
conscientious. It was a pity that he and Rydberg allowed Britton to
dominate them and so sacrificed what leadership they might have had
among American botanists. I believe they both died disappointed. Rose
was not a good systematic botanist, because he had poor judgment of re-
lationship and no ecological training or experience worth naming. Yet
in the superior manner of the National Herbarium he tried to suppress
me by the weight of his opinion, when he wrote that he had no sym-
pathy with my position regarding genera in the Umbelliferae. This

Sa eee ae eee ee ee

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 141
was really amusing, for without adequate ecological background his
opinion could have very little weight.

Cc, G. PRINGLE

new.
entire flora. It has been interesting to check up on Pringle and see how

progressed to
criticism of Pringle for being a poor field botanist is fully justified.

will ever right matters. There neve
presidential chair pledged to a real house-cleaning.
P. A, RYDBERG
On July 25, 1931 there occurred the second tragedy in American
botany, the death of Rydberg before his time, the first tragedy having
been the death of J. N. Rose. Their disappointment at the treatment ac-

142 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

corded them by the botanical public was, however, partly their own
fault; for no one has a right to subordinate his own judgment to that of
another, as I think they did to Britton’s, for the sake of financial support.

Rydberg was a kindly Christian man, well liked by those who knew

stead of acknowledging them and changing his course. This is partic-
ularly evident in his silly Astragaloid genera. He was almost as bad a
splitter as Greene, characterizing most of his species on single specimens
without taking into consideration well known ecological factors, and
without attempting to collect the intergrading material in the type lo-
calities of his proposed species. He had no conception of genus, and a
very poor one of species, and no conception of the effect of ecological
conditions on species. How anyone co a botanist and neglect
these things is a mystery. Rydberg’s first work, on Potentilla, was to me
his best. He made too many species there, but the work was good in
the main.

There was a time in his early years when workers in the Bronx be-
gan to swell out with what they considered justifiable pride at his won-
derful insight and deep and original studies, but I punctured this bub-

e by showing that all his so-called original work was simply giving
new names to things that were discovered and published before he was
born. Since that time we have been spared any more of this bunk.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 143

ON DOMINATION

I do not wish my drastic comments on Brittonianism to give the im-
pression that I am fighting Britton. That is merely a convenient term
for that type of standardization which was first put into concrete form
by Britton, and used to hide his real intent, namely to dominate Ameri-
can botany. There never can be any real freedom, intellectual or other-

told me in 1895 that he considered it more important to have a chance
to work than to stick for any special form of nomenclature. This was
when the fight was on against the beginnings of Brittonianism. So as
the years went by, he became more and more a slave, till he lost all sense
of proportion, and his critical judgment was impaired.

The only objection to my criticism of the botanical dictators which
I have received (I received many grateful expressions of approval) came
from a woman who did not like me to write “mean things . i should
be duly squelched, but, like the Irishman’s turtle that still wiggled its
tail after its head was cut off, I am “dead but not sinsible of it”. I do
not wish to be spiteful at all, but I do approve of frankness, honest criti-
cism, and independence. I have chosen to attack the dictators by ridic i
because they are impervious to argument. hen p ople ge so o
fuss about priority as they have made, and then deliberately adopt a
a synonym always a synonym”, and brazenly relegate to oblivion , e
names of families like Coniferae, Leguminosae, and Compositae ea
they are not founded on genus, nothing but ridicule will get under
their elephantine hides.

FREEDOM AT POMONA
Such domineering intolerance in scientific hare is not Pore =
. P. A. Munz is he
all. Here at Pomona College, where is hn rokshank Via
hich we cultivate sponte d

i tc. There is a sort of free
terfuges of society such as false dignity, etc De anand wae

144 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

ing their own thinking and expressing their opinions, which are genuine
even if not always complimentary to the older heads. I have had enough
experience as a teacher to know that any attempt to dominate people is
fatal to progress. It is not quantity but quality of work that counts. To
be sure, there is much waste in getting quality, but there is waste in all
progress,— the scrapping of the effete. Probably this is the reason for
the death of the aged. We get too hide-bound by our traditions and en-
vironment.

THE YOUNGER BOTANISTS

It has been my pleasure to meet in recent years many of the young-
er generation who are coming along slowly picking their way to effi-
ciency in the school of hard knocks. Among them are Johnston of Har-
vard, a former Pomona man, Prof. Cory of Texas, Prof. Cottam of Utah,
Miss Mathias of the Missouri Botanical Garden, and others. I have also
found much pleasure in association with the members of the Los Angeles
Nature Study Club, and with members of the Cactus Society which is-
sues Desert, one of the best publications on succulents. In fact, I have

who are doing botanical work. So, in spite of the recent eruption in
systematic botany, there is much hope for the future. There are many
younger botanists coming along, with some of whom I have worked on
intimate terms in the last few years, whose places are yet to be made.
Among them are Vesta Newsom, Martha Hilend, Elizabeth Ces Helen
Sweet, Tom Craig and Ray Fosberg.

If I were trying to be giving a fair estimate of the botanical work
done during my time, I should have to go into the work of Trelease,
Miss Alice Eastwood, Piper, Thornber, Conrad, Nelson, Rydberg, Pay-
son, Pennell, Munz, Johnston, Hillman, Dewey, Holm, Elrod, Setchell,
and possibly others, — work which I shall never be able to do.

DR. WILLIAM A. SETCHELL

| Inasmuch as Prof. Jones had had a cut made of Dr. Setchell to put
into Cont. 18, it is evident that he intended to write something about
him. I can find n nothing, however, except remarks made in personal let-
ters to me. When, in 1932, Father was in Berkeley at the University
Herbarium for many weeks working on the identification of his Mexi-
can plants, Dr. Setchell persuaded him to stay several weeks longer in
order to dictate to a secretary furnished by Dr. Setchell the story of his
life, especially of his scientific work. He had promised to write it out
himself long before but never seemed to get around to it. Mrs. H. P.
Bracelin laboriously took down in long hand his rather scattering rem-
iniscences. Father thought a great deal of Dr. Setchell, often speaking
of him as “a prince of a fellow” and a fine botanist, — superlative praise
from him. — M. J. B.]

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 145
HOW I BECAME A BOTANIST

I have often wondered why we do not know more of the early days
of the older botanists. So far as I know, there is hardly a word said about
what led men to become botanists, or naturalists. I have even asked

chinery of plant an
care of the Creator for his creatures. She love
on the mantle a fresh bouquet that she had encouraged us to gather for

"When we were very little she told us of the funny Dutchman’s
breeches (Cucullaria), the squirrel corn (Dentaria), the bloodroot with
red sap (Sanguinaria), the ground nul
squawberry with the little uid pe
ing arbutus, (Epigaea), the beths (

i ripedium ),
i ae All Noe she pointed out and named for us a

was a fine woodsman and a great |
ditions and at beer ig ee daute

i dge and love of the out-o :
= tee of better influences for their large family, Father and

146 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

Mother decided to sell the old mill and move to Iowa some five miles
east of Grinnell on the pristine prairie; and here I grew up from my
early teens on the wonderful prairie. Everywhere were flowers in the
spring and summer time, all of them strange except those growing in
the natural grove a mile east of us. The niggerheads (Heliopsis and
Eryngium) we used to flip off with our whips as we drove along. There
were sunflowers, rattlesnake weeds with prickly heads (Eryngium), the
compass plant (Silphium) whose leaves pointed north and south, the
blazing button rods (Liatris) of different kinds. In the sloughs (wet
places) we used to find many asters and gentians. Then there was the
prairie apple (Astragalus crassicarpus), and in the thickets the lady’s
slipper (Cypripedium), Habenaria, Spiranthes, etc.

To get an education was part of Mother’s religion; so, of course,
I went to college, walking five miles back and forth. In the worst
weather I boarded myself in town. Grinnell was a small college with
half a dozen devoted professors, mostly ministers. Some of them were
great men (such as Dr. Magoun and Prof. Macy), but none of them
looked upon science as anything but an educational freak. Education
meant proficiency in literature, languages, and religion. I became pro-
ficient in Latin and Greek and studied Sanskrit. I also knew some
French and German. All this time my recreation was with wild flow-
ers. My:mother was always spurring me on to know more about them.
I never thought it any work to study flowers; it was just a part of my
life. There was no one else at college who knew as much about them as é

The only botany text-book I knew was written by Mrs. Lincoln,
who used the system of Linnaeus and who tried to describe the flowers
of the middle United States. The descriptions were brief and inade-
quate, and the genera were arranged not in families but in the order of
their stamens and pistils. Everywhere were such names as Syngynesia,
pentandra, tetrandria, polyandria, etc. For some years, with the help of

specimen of Asplenium ruta-muraria from the Colosseum. She was a
lover of flowers but had no training in botany and never did really ident-
ify a dozen plants by analysis. So it was up to each student to get the
names the best way he could. There was always a conflict of authority
as to what was the real name for a plant.

Thomas T. Baker and A. O. Hart, who had graduated the year be-
ore me, were really trying to name our Iowa flowers. Both of them
had considerable skill, and were very helpful to us when Miss Ellis got

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 147

beyond her depth. After my graduation, I was so exhausted from over
work and undernourishment, that it was not long before I fell a victim
to a slow fever that incapacitated me for work and left me a perambu-
lating wreck. To keep my mind occupied I rambled over the hills and
prairies, collecting plants and trying to name them. That fall I had 625
species,

During the following year of post-graduate study at the college,
where I was also a Latin tutor on the faculty, I met J. C. Arthur, a pro-
tege of Bessey at Ames, who visited Grinnell to find out if any of us
were doing botanical work. The acquaintance begun then lasted all
through the years. A year later he published a list of Iowa plants, both
native and introduced, and among them he mentioned a few which 1
alone had found.

and Mrs. Austin.

About that time an Austrian gentleman in Europe wanted me to
gather the flora of the Great West and send him sets to sell. My disgust
at the thought of spending my life teaching Latin, and my poor health,
which demanded an out-door life, conspired to suggest my becoming a
real botanist. More and more the idea obsessed me, until I decided to
take my life in my hands and go to the wild and woolly West.

MODERN AND EARLY BOTANIZING

Botanists of today wonder how men did their work in the early
Insufficient funds and the conditions of travel were great handi-
One could never carry enough materials or equip-
The Lewis and Clark expedition had to
There was much

days.
caps to the collector.
ment to make fine specimens.

danger in going through rapid
thing splashed with water.
loads on their backs at the portages.

wrappin aper that we used to
the onary of the coarse modern paper towels. This paper ba
about three feet wide and was folded four-double to about the size Be "
ordinary magazine and tied up in packs. Then the botanist gather

snips like the modern school girl’s, slipping them into the pack as he had

148 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

a chance and leaving them tied up till they either dried or molded and
rotted. The necessity for drying them properly was not even considered.
Whether Nuttall ever made any decent specimens I do not know. All of
his that I have seen showed the inadequacy of his equipment, for they
were blackened in the drying and almost worthless. But they are all that
are left of his many types. They have been mounted and arranged by
Thomas Meehan. I was able to examine his Astragalus material in 1897.
No doubt Freemont’s trips across the continent were made on horse-
back and with limited space for specimens. This was in the early for-
ties. Practically all the types taken on Government surveys were Col
lected in the same way. Wagon roads were not available in those days,
for buffalo trails were the only roads.
My own experience with making specimens began in the early seven-
ties, some thirty years after Nuttall’s time, when wagon roads had been
made by emigrants all over the west, and when transcontinental rail-

When I began to get ready for my first trip to Colorado, I had the
benefit of advice from all the old ladies and old men who never had

with hobnails to enable me to climb the mountains. Also following
their advice, I took tissue paper to put my specimens in but found it a nuis-
ance. For driers I bought butcher paper and folded it in about four layers
to make driers a foot wide and a foot and a half long, sewing the layers
together around the edges. At that time some wise guy in the east had
evolved a theoretical drier out of felt cut to the regular size and one
quarter inch thick, and sold them at a reasonable price, which was, how-
ever, altogether out of my reach. Then another wise guy had evolved a

holes punched along the sides. This press I used as a portfolio to ae
with me in the field. For a press I used boards, tying them up wit!
ropes. en in camp I put a heavy board and a stone on top to keep it

Since I walked about 15 miles a day botanizing, my cowhide shoes
came a nuisance, although they stood the wear and tear of walking
7.

each step took so much energy that I was tired out every night, but, being
young, I did not realize what was the matter. When the weather was
wet or cold they were very uncomfortable. In the Death Valley 1 pl
I wore my old cowhide shoes one year but found that the hobnails

heat of the ground was such that in walking from Ballarat to the =
amint Mountains one day I actually had to sit down on the ground an
hold my feet up while the soles cooled off.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY I49

It was Nuttall’s habit to tear off a little piece of paper and put it in
with the specimen showing the locality and date. I used this method in
the first year of my botanizing but discarded it for specimen books in
which I placed a fragment of the plant together with all data written in
pencil and the specimen sheet number. These books I made of sheets of
specimen paper folded double with edges cut and holes punched in the fol }
through which I passed strings to tie up about 400 pages together. I
covered each book with oilcloth. This was my method when I was mak-

errors. I do not favor carrying note-books with numbers for each speci-
men gathered, for it takes too much time and work in the field, and the
less field work the better.

work in the Grand Canyon for the Government in 1894, i
was instructed by Coville to use the note-book method, but I disregarded

is too much danger of losing your note-book in the field (as I did once
in Mexico) and being left completely at sea, all your work worthless

only a fourth as much. They are unsurpassed for climbing rocks and
are undesirable only in rock slides or swamps.

an to use my reason in the light of my own experience, I

discarded a lot of foolish equipment and evolved what was usable and

i In place of a trowel or butcher knife to dig up plants, I

i «ck with one end made into a blade

one and a half inches wide, each end being only six inches long. Into

‘ck handle three feet long, so : a ee -

it and ‘+ for a cane in climbing. I had early learne< t

. cuks ae ; ioe I must dig up the whole plant, fold it skillfully

to fit the sheets and still look lifelike. With this pick I could easily get

any ordinary plant with one blow, or I could use it to kill snakes, if I

n Arizona, I had the old

four feet high. To

in the sun and pis * new

ur hours of the most strenuous work, sitting in the hot sun

at noon and shifting the sheets from one place to another, though it

150 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

took but a few minutes for the driers to dry in the baking sun. It had to
be done daily to prevent specimens from moulding or turning black.
For driers we now use double-faced corrugated cardboard cut into
sheets 12 by 18 inches. When tightly strapped down, they seldom need
changing in the usual weather of the deserts, if the bundles are kept out
in the sun and wind. I have gone for weeks without changing these
driers. It is best to keep fleshy plants (such as succulents) in a spearate
press with extra driers and for frequent changing. I usually take along
300-400 driers for a trip. When the weather is wet there is nothing to
do but change driers even if they have to be dried over a fire, which is
a long and tiresome job. But in all my botanizing I have had to dry my

and leaves usually lie flat and lifelike, with only the occasional special
arrangement of a leaf. I pile the empty quires of paper on the filled
sheets, strap up my portfolio, and trot along for another picking.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 151

empty press. But be sure the stems are dry. If not, put the few damp
sheets, tied up tight, out in the sun for an hour or so.
My sixty years of experience have taught me that to do the best bot-

young folks.

152 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

MARCUS E. JONES, A. M.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

Marcus E. Jones, always called Prof. Jones by his friends and ac-
quaintances (because of his many, though intermittent years of teach-
ing), was born in Jefferson, Ashtabula County, Ohio, Apr. 25, 1852, of
old Yankee stock, his ancestors having come to America on one of the
later trips of the Mayflower. His mother was Lavinia Burton, a sister
of the late U. S. Senator Theodore E. Burton of Cleveland, Ohio. His
father was Publius Virgilius Jones, a lumberman and a local captain of

“roughing it”, exploring Lower California. Some of his botanical
friends speak of him as the last of the great pioneer, exploring botanists.

n spite of poverty and hardships, Marcus Jones graduated from Iowa
College (established 1843; now Grinnell College), with the degree of Bach-
elor of Arts in 1875. After three years of post-graduate work while teaching
Latin and Mathematics, he received his M. A. degree with high honors
in 1878. He had previously won medals and prizes for fine scholarship,
and years later, when a Phi Beta Kappa chapter was organized at Grin-
nell, he was elected to membership and awarded a key, which he wore
with much pride. He had received an unusually thorough classical
training in Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, and Anglo Saxon as well as being
familiar with German and Italian. And yet he was not a natural lin-
guist and found that he detested teaching Latin, although he proved to be
a very successful teacher. Science was his hobby and exploring his joy.
But practically all training in these things he gained for himself after col-

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 153

Utah, returning to Iowa to prepare his sets of plants for shipping to
Europe. There, Feb. 18, 1880, he married a former college-mate and
pupil, a very beautiful girl, Anna Elizabeth Richardson, also a Phi Beta
Kappa scholar and at that time Acting Dean of Women. Together they

very artistic. She accompanied him on some very difficult trips and
ary ke him make many souvenir booklets of wild flowers, which they
sold.

For one year Prof. Jones taught in Salt Lake Academy, one of the
two “Gentile” high schools there, and from 1881 for eight or nine years
he and Mrs. Jones conducted a private high school and kindergarten for
non-Mormon children. Mrs. Jones was a remarkable teacher, and fre-
quently, even in later life was persuaded to do tutoring.

During these early years Prof. Jones made many long botanical trips
through California, Nevada, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah, and even as
far as El Paso, publishing his findings in the Torrey Bulletin until they
refused to publish any more unless first submitted to Asa Gray for his
approval. As Prof. Jones felt that he knew the western flora better than
Gray, he refused to do this and ceased publishing for some years, later
sending his articles to Zoe until he decided to publish them himself. He
continued to send sets of plants to Karl von Keck in Austria for Euro-
pean distribution and received 20,000 European specimens in return. It
was von Keck who had Prof. Jones’ “Excursion Botanique” published in
Liege, Belgium, by E. Morren about 1879 or 1881.

In 1889, Prof. Jones was engaged by the president of the University
of Utah (then practically all Mormon) to organize the university library
and install the Dewey system.

Utah. He explored and sampled all the
as he went) around Omega Mts., Dugway,
Fish Springs, Ibapah, Deep Creek Mts., Dutch Mts., Gold Hill, Clifton,

ncoe, Aurum, Shell Creek Mts., Sprucemont, and Antelope Spring.
That winter he set up a complete laboratory for assaying, and employed
two expert chemists, E. P. Austin, who was also the creator and owner
of “Psyche”, the leading entomological journal in North America, and
Victor C. Heikes, who later became the head of the U. S. Geological

in Salt Lake City. :
plan egies n. Palmer telegraphed him to go to Mexico

In the spring of 1892 Ge ree
to examine the Sierra Majada, Zacatecas, Guanahuato region and the

, 3154 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY

properties along the Mexican National R.R. from Irapuato to Man-
zanillo. He received every courtesy from the ranch and mine superin-
tendents and botanized wherever possible without delaying the party
too much. By train, stage-coach, and burros he went from Mexico City
to Colima, past its active volcano and even to some mines in the jungle.
He collected 782 numbers on that trip, including 40 or 50 new species.

In 1893 he explored Nevada again, owning and operating a mine
until the disastrous drop in silver that year. In 1894 he was appointed
field agent of the U. S. Goy’t to explore the Grand Canyon of the Colo-
rado. He spent the following winter in Washington, D. C. labelling
and identifying the 4400 plants collected. As usual, he did not charge
enough for his services. The salary he received did not cover half of his
expenses. The report of this work is in his Cont. No.

For the next few years all his time was spent on his monograph As-
tragalus except for mining and business trips necessary to earn a living.
One trip was made to San Francisco, followed by much botanizing up
and down eastern California and up into Oregon. In 1897 he also went
to Philadelphia to photograph the types of Nuttall’s Astragalus and on
to Harvard and Columbia for more photographs.

An appointment as geologist for the Pacific and Idaho Northern R.
R. in 1899 enabled him to explore that part of the country, and later in
the year he was made Special Statistical Agent of the Dept. of the In-
terior to publish a book on Utah. For many years he was State Geologist
of Utah, keeping an accurate record of the water level of Great Salt Lake,
as well as many charts of the water-level of various irrigation districts.

When the first case of smelter smoke damage, the Evans case, was
tried in Utah, Prof. Jones was put in charge of the expert work. The
smelters had so much power that no local decision was rendered, but the

the mining interests for several years. But he never consulted his own
interests when it was a matter of right or duty.

Before long the Mormon farmers, realizing that he was fearless and
incorruptible, beseiged him to fight their damage cases, and he “was
swamped with business until 1910”. He fitted up a chemical laboratory
in the basement of his house, made a thorough study of modern chemis-
try by himself, collected and analyzed his own specimens of injured an-
imals and vegetation and then served for weeks at a time as expert wit-
ness at the trials. He gloried in a battle of wits, especially when
championing a just cause ; so he was in his element on the witness stand
But he was nearly 60 years old, and found the nervous strain “terrific”.
It pleased him greatly to win his cases even though the opposing expert
for the smelters was a university professor of chemistry. The smelters

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 155

were forced to install the “bag house” to solve the problem of smoke

He spent two and a half years as botanical expert in Montana in the
great suit against the Anaconda Copper Company of Butte for smelter
smoke damages. Among his effects were found many scrap s 0
photographs taken as evidence in this case. While botanizing through-
out Montana, he became a personal friend of Prof. Elrod of Montana
University at Missoula and was invited to teach botany and geography
at the summer school at Flathead Lake. For three years he spent six
weeks there during July and August botanizing all over that country,
including Glacier National Park. The results, “Montana Botany Notes”,
were published by the university. At Prof. Elrod’s request he devoted
a year to writing up the Flora of Glacier National Park, illustrating it
fully with photographs; but the university regents finally refused to pu
lish it on account of Prof. Jones’ opposition to the Anaconda Copper Co.,
which controlled everything in Montana. In some of his autobiographi-
cal notes, Prof. Jones says that Prof. Elrod offered to have the university
honor him with a Ph. D. if he would establish residence at the university
for at least a month, “but I told him it wasn’t worth the time.”

As a relief from severe mental application on scientific problems

P

match contests, however, .
undergo, and he seldom di
won games from me when I was in top form.” es

Probably it was his intense intellectual curiosity and pride that led
him to say often, “What has been done, I can do.” He liked to prove to
himself that he could do any difficult thing as well as a specialist in that
field: but he did not have a high enough regard for the great perfection

i ecessary for ultimate success.

ae . his brief sketch to mention all the botanical trips,
from British Columbia to

South of Mexico City. He planned as his life-work to publish a “Flora

leting the revision of more tha
e September, 1916, Mrs. Jones died, after sixteen years of strenu-

156 CONTRIBUTIONS TO .WESTERN BOTANY

ous effort to carry.enough of the family financial burden to enable Prof.
Jones to finish his life-work. All three children had graduated from col-
lege and were either married or teaching. Prof. Jones had only himself
to support but was faced with the problem of housing safely his vast
herbarium during his long absences. For a while it was stored at the
University of Utah. :

By 1920 the manuscript of his revision of Astragalus was practically
finished, but he was financially unable to publish it until 1923, when he
sold his huge herbarium to Pomona College. During the preceding years
of anxiety he had tried many ways of earning money. He wrote many
short articles on interesting experiences he had had and sold some to
various magazines. He could probably have sold more if he had
not been too proud to enlist the criticism and revision of some one skil-
led in English composition. His writing showed much originality and
Sahai expression but it was carelessly constructed and poorly organ-

zed. He also enlarged and colored by hand some of his choicest photo-
ephis views and sold many of them. But extravagance in taking pic-
tures and carelessness of finish prevented that from being a very success-
ful venture. He certainly spent many thousands of ane in his life-
ime on cameras, slides, color-photography, enlargements, etc. He even
experimented with zinc etching. At his death he had aunties of plates
taken 30 or 40 years ago, of beautiful scenery, plants, geological for-
mations, mines, and people. Many that were of especial scientific inter-
est were left at Pomona College. Others are at Stockton awaiting
suitable disposal. Anyone having — use for them should make it
known before they have to be destroyed.

When not on field trips, Prof. ais “kept fit” by tennis-playing and
ice-skating, at both of which he was quite an expert. The tennis he
kept up in a little club of men at Pomona until he was 80 years old. At
Pomona he also took great pleasure in the in a ae meetings of the After-
noon Club, made up mostly of brilliant and interesting men who had re-
tired from their former serieition He greatly enjoyed various Nature

hundred miles or more in order not to miss one of their trips. On one
of them his last day was spent.

In 1925, when he was 73 years old, he returned alone to Grinnell,
Iowa, in his old 1916 Ford to his soth class reunion, where he met one
or two of his old classmates and was honored by being made honorary
marshall of the alumni parade. It was amusing and perhaps regrettable
that his scale of values placed personal appearance in the category of
non-essentials. His face was so interesting, his eyes so keen and spark-
ling, and his conversation so entertaining and instructive, that his friends
always made allowances for the rest. He seemed oblivious to any possi-
ble annoyance caused by his carelessness.

Duri last eleven years a comfortable income enabled him to
take many trips all over the western states and to publish his own Con-

CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY 157

tributions in which he said whatever he liked. Several times he accom-
panied to Little Zion and Bryce Canyons the ecological summer classes
of his brother, Dr. Lynds Jones of Oberlin College. And finally, when

to defy floods, impassable roads and bad weather. But he enjoyed it all
and continued to the end an undaunted camper and explorer, an inde-

ference of opinion. But to the amateur botanists, especially those who
worshipped at the shrine of his truly vast fund of knowledge and ex-
perience, he was gentle and kind, generous, patient, and always helpful.
He had made a very thorough study of the geologic history of the West,
and probably no living botanist had nearly so great ecological knowledge
as he.

Until nearly 70 years of age Prof. Jones was a fundamentalist in re-
ligion, always active in church life, teaching classes, superintending mis-
sion Sunday-schools, and for years acting as supply preacher in various
non-Mormon churches in Utah. But in his later years deafness made

up into cities now and go 5 a be

A. Munz is taking excellent care of this priceless store of source ma

at Pomona College in Claremont, California, where it is available for
— M.J.B.

research

EPITAPH UNIVERSAL
FOR BABE OR PATRIARCH

“STRICKEN DOWN ERE ITS WORK WAS DONE”

Out of the dusk and out of the dawn,
Ever and ever the rune runs on.
Early or late be the task be

gun,
None survives till his work is ante.

Epitaph of humanity,

Whispered and carved while the race shall be,
Blazoned on fire by the last low sun:

Stricken down ere its work was done.

EOLUS.