CONTRIBUTIONS to WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16. MARCUS E, JONES A. M. g | Issued Feb, 17 1930. Claremont Cal. TEX LIBRIS | JOSEPH EWAN Reeswed Wart ZF /F3O CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY’NO. % | BOTANIZING IN ARIZONA Some thirty-six years ago I spent a delightful month ‘in the Catalina, Santa Rita, and Huachuca mountains of Arizona, gir = aphtioe 2 ains. The pec: re this reason I have always wanted to make a more thorough examination of the Huachucas. Recently I also learned of botanical work in the Baboqui- vori mountains which had turned up other Mexican species. So in Sep- tember and October, 1929, I had a month’s leisure and made the trip detailed below. On September 16, 1929, I left Claremont, California, driving to Mecca, where I stayed over night. ere were no flowers of interest on e way, due to the dryness. On the 17th there was little of interest on the way till I passed over the divide east of Shafer’s well, here and ssi were little patches of green, due to recent rains, where Euphorbias had c up. At the H ayfields it ‘few watles farther east, I searched for saeaale among the Mesquit, creosote bushes and Holacantha Emoryi. I found muc rhaavia, annual Boutelouas, Hilaria rigida, and T. bala. There was little else in bloom. MHolacantha was in fine fruit with the grape- like clusters erect at the ends of the spiny stems. This is the most forbid- ding shrub of them all, being 6-10 feet high and much and intricately and r igidly branched, cud each branch ending in a sharp spine. The whole mass forms a clump about twice as high as wide, and is shunned by all animals. The plants are leafless and with green stems, slow growers and with very hard w e trunks rarely get over 4 inches thick, and have rather thin bark somewhat shreddy on the older Going east toward Desert Center green patches were more frequent and in a few places there was much grass that hed come up since the 2 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 rains. It should be remembered that there had been practically no rain west of Shafer’s well except one hard shower a week or two ago. East of o grow here and there where water had fallen, an e tracks of the ee . As I went eastward the evidences of moisture increased somewhat but at no place had d. look alike, but on closer inspection I found at least three species. There ’ a) geiting what was in m. The next day the ground was covered with many pools of water and the road was washed out in places. I had two main objects of trip. One object was to visit the mountains some 20 miles south of Quartzite, where in the previous December I had these are the highest range of western Arizona and should have plants of intercst on them. I drove along the blind road seeking a turnoff to go to them, but all signs had been washed away and I missed the place to turn out into the brush and went on some ten miles before I was sure I had missed the place. Conditions were not very attractive any way and so I directed = go to Pawi, an Indian school, and then turn east for the moun- tais, which towered up to the east. It was a little skittish going blindly oward the mountain). By an worse, but I kept bumping along, following my nose. At last I saw 2 3 . CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 white gate ahead which meant a station. Driving up to the spacious house I sang out and knocked but n no response. I decided to drive into a shed and everybody was away. asked me if I hada key. I said “yes,”’ and so I tried the door with my pass key and it opened. So he told me to go n and make myself at home, which I did. It was still baking hot. The Aen morning I browsed around and found that a woman kept house there and everything was handy for getting one’s own meals, and which I pro- ceeded to do. After breakfast I took my portfolio and struck out for flowers: It was a vegetable paradise, flowers everywhere and in great variety, all in the Tropical life zone. I soon had every drier full and an overflow. It took me three days to get the entire flora near the station. Then it rained. The floodgates of heaven opened and the water just poured down in sheets and everything was afloat. I never saw such a storm. In half an hour it vas all over and nature smiled again just as though she had never kicked up her heels. The next day it rained just as hard for an hour and at the same time of day. The dry wash that drains the region and usually is a dry. I anticipated Baits troukle in crossing x the wash the next day on my way out, but had no grief. e region oe ie station is Tropical, the vegetation being mesquit, and creosote bush along with some Chilopsis, catsclaw (Mimosa and Aca- little more than a hosbek oe half a mile into the sky and which runs plain by underground seepag u water there are some cotton woods (Populus Fremonti) and black willow (Salix Bonplandiana) and ash s we get really into the higher- canons there come in the live oaks The elevation of the station is hardly 3,000 feet above the sea, and for this. reason it is very hot, and there is no snow and little frost. The for- reminds one very much of the red bud, but the speds are quite different, 4 CONTRIBUTIONS: TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 reminding one of Pithecollobium dulce. The ferns are Northolaena sinu- ata and Hookeri. The latter spreads by underground rootstocks in al directions and forms large areas often 6 feet in diameter, with single ghout. of grasses which were in full bl Andropogon saccharoides was rather common among the rocks. Bouteloua panies! hirsuta, bromoides, and e common and mostly ripe, the spikelets making annoying aackans in the stockings as they fell off as one walked through the grass, and worked through to the skin. In the flat areas Leptochloa dubia was fre- quent. Muhlenbergia debilis was everywhere. M. Porteri was among the brush. Aristidas were very common in tufts. Epicampes dis- were } common. There was an Arundo-like grass out of flower and on mountain sides. Dasylirion erumpens was frequent among the rocks. In a draws where there was some moisture Salix ie oregon occurred along with Populus Fremonti, and Celtis occidentalis. On the slopes near the water holes was Aristoloc hia Watsoni and Acalypha Vir- ginica. Allionia incarnata was common. Boerhaavia intermedia an scandens were quite common. Gomphrena nitida and Rivina phytolac- ot were occasional. I was surprised to find Iresine celosioides rather mmon iogonum Wrightii was scattered over the hills. Portulaca e rocks. i ci- folia, and pediculifera, at eis Simmondsia was scattered over the hills. Cassia nictitans was rather common in open places with other weeds. Erythrina was the characteristic shrub growing —— e rocks, and lupulina. = um batocaulon, Metcalfi, and N: i ; ; eo-Mexicanum were fre- quent. Occasionally I saw —— microphylla and Dodonaea viscosa. oe De cutie and Californica were common. Ingenhouzia trilaba was ound now and then Soke stream-beds. Echinocactus acanthodes and and Parryi, and Tetramerium hispidum and Ecli i ptera Torreyi in the shade of bushes. Another Mees plant was Plumbago Rese e climbing 5 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. ‘16 angustifolia bushes were seen now and then. Zinnia pumila was frequent. Porophyllum macrocephalum was rare. Eupatorium incarnatum grew in the woods. Parthenium incanum, the rubber plant, Guayule, was found and then on the plain. There were a few goldenrods and _asiers. Brickellia Rusbyi occurred now and then, a shrub. Gymnolomia multi- flora was frequent. An interesting plant was Eupatorium solidaginfolium. Another puzzling plant that looked so much like a sunflower was Tithonia Thurberi. The mountain was clad half way up with live oaks which came down to the lower levels only in the canons. The farther one went up the moun- tain the less interesting the flora became. The luxuriance of the mesa flora far out toward the mountain through the brush. On the way I got several interesting species. Then the road, after cutting across an impossible wash, wa. i i fall. I spent a day at Tucson repairing a spring and drying out. Then struck out for the Huachuca mountains some 80 miles southeast near Tombstone. On the way the Yuccas were much in evidence, the tree-li clata and the lower macrocarpa. The latter was manifestly different from our Mohavensis in the fine threads near the base of the ‘leaves, and in the variation in the thickness which was verging teward Schottii, but the dif- ference between it and Schottii was not as marked as one would wish. J. occidentalis. I knew it could not be pachyphloea. As I approached Benson there was much less shrubbery and more grass, and the region was tar more prairie-like than westward, in fact it was a great prairie. The . e Mexi- can Flaveria repanda, Ambrosia trifida. This is what Gray calls the var. 6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Texana but it does not seem to warrant varietal rank. There was also Verbesina Wrightii and Gymolomia multiflora. ‘fter collecting some at Benson and along the way, I reached the malodorous Tombstone, of the long ago. Ht is now a rambling shack of a town, inhabited by left-overs mostly, and with nothing to remind you of its “glory” in the days of noise and bluster, saloons and fast women. Prohi- bition has taken the starch out of many an old time moral eyesore among e dences were found along the creek as I rambled up and out of the plain into the sycamores and walnuts and willows and cottonwoods that lined >? 1s an orchard and summer cottages embowered in shade. Just beyond is : the live oaks. The elevation was 5,500 eet above the sea, but still in the T ropical life zone. The w ways. At my back door was Delphinium scopulorum growing in the shade of the trees along iff] se] is) OQ —_ 3 wa > (a) 4 °o w n - ong a") w tonal Lae | 5 oo t sometimes reach eight feet, and are covered wi with t are often nearly three feet long, he reflexed 7 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 tine and not coarse as in bacca ata. The pers are re aoaaile, ae as long as the leaves, and the fleshy pear-like fruit is about half a foot long and three inches wide and with conspicuous and edible ese pulp, and pend- ent. It is seldom that any ripe fruit is seen for they are perforated in an Agave of the Americana type. On the ground in the open places were many annuals such as Panicum sanguinale, Aegopogon Acalypha Neo- Mexicana, Chenopodium botrys, Monnina Wrightii, Euphorbia dentata, sublate, Cuphea Palmeri, Linum Neo-Mexicanum, Schkuhria Wrightil, Valeriana sorbifolia, Carminatia tenuiflora, ia parviflora, Apolopap- pus eee a the last Centaurea Americana appearing as if introduced. Am e eau at 5,500 feet altitude the most common grass mmon. s distichophylla and macroura. Erogrostis lugens and pilosa, Orizopsis micrantha, Commelyna dianthifolia, Cyperus Schweinitzii, Salix taxifolic, Quercus hypoleuca and grisea, Acalypha Lindheimeri, Tragia nepetifolia and ramosa, Oxalis amplifolia, Erigonum annuum, and Wrightii, Silene laciniata, Sisymbrium Vaseyi, Draba_ petrophila, Berberis Wilcoxi, Euphorbia flagelliformis, Argythamnia deetopeb nai Calli- andra eriophylia, Desmodium Arizonicum. Bigelovii, Grahami. Te- phrosia leucantha, Lupinus ampulus, and Palmeri, Philadelphius argenteus, oe) gu Pp Galium Rothrockii,_ Gentiana Wrightii, Ipomoea hederifolia, an phylla, Geranium Carolinianum, Acer grandidentatum, Agastache Mearnsii, Hedeoma oblongifola, Ape es Mimulus cardinalis, Verbena hastata, Fraxinus attenuata, Arbutus Arizonica, Gila aggregata, Lobelia cardinalis, Heterospermum a Hieracium Fendleri, Perityle corono- thocephalum Wrightii, Brickellia venosa, reniformis, grandiflora, chenopo- dina, floribunda, Rusbyi, Encelia exarata, Senicio Hartwegi, Verbesina longifolia, Heliopsis parvifolia. About half a mile above James’s place the creek enters a canon which Ferityle coronopifolia. Just as one gets out of the upper en he comes into luxuriant flora of herbs and shrubs. It is here on the steep slopes re = ferns abound. Almost the entire surface, pent the loose rocks, e ferns peeping out from every nook. ere und Poly- podium ee which at first looks like the dwarf form a vulgare, but the under surface is clad with scales. Here and there ‘is a long stalk & CONTRIBUTIONS: TO: WESTERN BOFANY NO. 16 he ca i ’s i Cé = steep above James’s and hard to negotiate, but at one . t may not be well known that Arizona and New Mexico are subject = Sa summer rainfall, beginning in June and ending in Sep- ir is is = continuance of the rainy season of Mexico, and it feath- a ‘chee: — = It does not seem to extend quite to Yuma ee jo 1s was the reason for my visit in the middle of 23 : n alifornia was as dry as could be asus he ot life zones is paramount with me, and I try to get a Sens Se .: e€ zones in eve _Tegion that I visit. Throughout most oo i ew Mexico there is no question of the limits of the zones € only ha bserve the presence of Larrea to know that it is ) — oye after certain elevation is reached we come into the belts of Has eA = flora changes somewhat and one is led to think that he Juniper (Lower Temperate) zone. But in checking up — ry = bg & oO 3 a — a > fa) a = — ie) ry — Q gt 20 B S Oo w oO [== 5 su Age [ oa i ° c gg mn > _ wn I did not get higher than 6,5 i : y 900 feet altitude in the H h 2 fore am not prepared to say what are the limits of the ees a = 9 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY. NO. 16 Afier oie most of the flora at Ramsey Canon I pulled out for home, but went ov ver to Miller Canon and did a little botanizing there. There i nana on the mesa below Miller Canon and clearly a perennial. Also along the roadside I found Heterotheca subaxillaris. Returning to Tucson the way I went I then turned off toward Phoe- nix, passing through Sacaton, by way of Picacho Pass. ound a few things along the road. hen I passed on over to the s pa and followed up it to Wickenburg. But there s little of interest there because of the lack of rain. West of W ‘ckeshatr on the hills I saw growing, just as Holacan fhe does in California, the rare shrub Canotia holacantha. It was in full fruit. This ended my botanizing on the trip. Mieghem I collected all the ferns I saw 10 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 LIST OF 1929 PLANTS Mosses. 24663 Benson under junipers. 9-27, 1929. Arizona. 24664 Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains. 9-29, 1929. In forests of live oaks. 24665 Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. 9-30, 1929. In live oaks. 24666 Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. 9-29, 1929. Equisetum laevigatum. 24667 Ramsey Canon. 9-28,1929. Along creek in swampy places, in timber, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. 24668 Same. 9-28, 1929. Same locality. Abies concolor 24669 Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains. 9-30, 1929. 6,000 feet altitude. This is the only fir, and is common. ; Juniperus pachyphloea 24671 Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- zona. 9-26-1929. A symmertical tree, with oak-like bark, and somoth twigs. Juniperus occidentalis var. monosperma. West of Benson, Arizona. 9-27 1929, Amon: No. 24670. See cembroides. 24672 Ramsey Canon, Arizona. 9-28-1929, The s rt. nearer those of Chihuahuana. They have the same deciduous sheaths and slenderness though less than half as long, and are in threes, not twos as in edulis. Pinus Chihuahuana. No. 24673. Among the live oaks near the upper edge of the Tropical life zone, on slopes. This plant has almost ex- actly the habit of Pinus Sabiniana. The foliage has the same airy tint and appearance, being relatively sparse and glaucous. The leaves are mostly 3, rarely 2 or 4, and 2 cm. long by 1% mm. wide, with the x and the inner very concave and with a prominent central nerve, with tip very sharp. The blades are flexuous like those of P. Murrayana, straight and tall. Ramsey Canon, Hua- huca mountains. September 29, 1929. Cones hang on for some years. growing except the Brake, which was com- mon at upper elevations. Polypodium thysanolepis. This unique Mexican fern, first got by Lemmon in the same region in the U. S., makes one think the moment he sces it that he has found the ubiquitous vulgare, for it has the same habit UJ CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 and = 2 the reduced form found in the Wasatch mountains, Utah. But caly under surface and single row of big so ri differ. The ae are > dull chestnut-colored and acuminate and icons and con- Ramsey Canon, on rocks in crevices among the live oaks. No. 24674. September 28, 1929. Asplenium Trichomanes. No. 24675. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- tains. September 30, 1929. Rather common on rocks among the live oaks. The form of this see common, here is more like that of the east than of California and western Mexico, which Moore called var. incisum and which Maxon hes raised to specific rank under the name of —— um. cannot see any good reason for making a species Pellaea atropurpu rea. No. 24676. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari ‘ —— 30, 1929. On rocks along with Cheilanthes. In ae lac Cysiopteris Sapte No. 24667. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 30, 1929. I = Christensen was right in reducing Underwood’s Filix, which was a resurrection of Adanson’s genus Filix, which never had any species —— till after Bernhardi created Cystopteris. This species is rather common on slopes and around springs, and reaches nearly 2 feet in ar hight. It is one of the prettiest of = Sie ms. I also saw it in the Baboquivori mountains, but id not colle Woodsia 2 eres “No. ses Ramsey Canon, Huachua mountains, Arizona. September 28, 1929. Common a mong — Sree on slopes, end with the habit of Sees ris, but growing in more open place This has the common characteristic of all the oie Woodsias that I know, that of being pruinosely puberulent throughout, and which is about the only means of determ rmining which genus it is without recourse to the microscope. This species is quite variable and ma run into W. obtusa (W. ee The indusium is conspicuous alwa —— ferruginea. No. 24679. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona, October 1, 1929. In crevices of rocks in open places. Trop- al This is a very pretty ie growing in dense tufts because of ae taper to the tip, and are very unlike any other species. Also No. 24680. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 29, 1929. Notholaena sinuata. No. 24681. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 20, 1929. In open places among rocks and in crevices. Notholaena Hookeri. No. 24682. Miller Canon, "Buachues mountains, 12 = CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 lar i Pellaea marginata. No. 24684. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, A izona. be : myriophylla and Alabamensis on slopes among loose rocks in open ; ; wonder that it was placed in Cheilanthes. It has no place in Pel- laea. It also reminds one of Cryptogramma acrostichoides and S i Cheilanthes myriophylla. No. 24685. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. This is the most common of all the ferns, growing among loose rocks and in crevices along with Fendleri, and is conspicuous Lindh : : Cheilanthes Lindheimeri. No. 24686. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. ptember 19, 1929. In open places among rocks and in crevices. ery common. Tropical. Cheilanthes tomentosa. No. 24687. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- tains, Arizona. September 29, 1929. On slopes among loose rocks and in crevices. Tropical, 3 Cheilanthes Fendleri. No. 24688. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, rizona. Seeptember 29, 1929. In crevices of rocks. Tropical Cheilanthes microphylla. No. 24689. Baboquivori mountains P' as if .very pubescent. The fronds are more delicate than tomentosa. Growing in crevices of rocks and under stones above the box in Ram- sey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 28, 1929. Final segments coarsely crenate. No, 24690. 13 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Also No. 120549. Pomona College herbarium, got by me at ce a Canon, Chihuahua, September 24, 1903, at 3, 600 foot altitude, in Tropic cal life zone on slopes. At first sight this fern seems to Cheilanthes tomentoa or Fendleri, and grows with them but the indusium is en ntirely different and fills the onclé of the pinnule, giving the young fronds a silvery appearance. Notholaena tenera. Cheilanthes Jonesii Maxon. An examination 0 ng material shows a distinct indusium, and this would place it in Cheilanthes. But to me the plant is as good a species of Pellaea as Notholaena. I do not know N. tenera and so do not know if Maxon’s species is a good one or not. The species of ferns of the LZ deserts and of southern California are in a bad state of confusion. ' An examination of various material convinces me that Maxon’s Cheilan- thes siliquosa is not a good species; it is too near to California, and s. The same is true fo his Covillei, for it cannot be separated from Fendleri by any good character Chetlenthes SS — is a good Pellaea as Baker put it long In the s belong —_ Mexican species of Cheilan- oa which are a5 near i Pellae —— gracillima was got by Baars t St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin, = July 1300, = is No. 23324, a College Herbarium. Panicum ae m.- No. 24691. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. Sepiiakier 30, 1929. No. 24692. Boboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 19, 1929. Waste place es hirticaule. No. 24693. East of Desert “Centee California. Sep- mber 16, 1929. Common along with ie Halli. No. 24694. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona, Septembez T'anicum bulbosum var. sciaphilum. No. 24695. Ramsey Canon, Hua- chuca mountains, Arizona. September 30, 1929. On hillsides, very common, and in the valley below. = caudata. No. 24696. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- mber 20, 1929. Perennial. Sears caudata var. pauciflora Slee as Chaetochloa. No. 24697. Ajo, zona. September 18, 1929. No. 24698. Baboquivori mountains, Ariss September 19, 153). Common. Setaria glauca. No. 24699. Ramsey Canon, a mountains, Ari- zona. September 30, 1929. In waste place Fanicum sanguinale L. No. 24700. Ramsey Care Huachuca moun- otes Additional Agropyron Arizonicum Scr. & Merr. No. 24701. Ramsey Canon, Hua- cuca mountains, Arizona, at 6,000 feet altitude, among the live oaks. September 30, 1929. ‘This plant is rather unique. It is 4-6 feet high and ee but _very slender, and with wand-like linear spikes and glaucous leave t is not stoloniferous but grows in small tufts of a few stems, ee in open places. The glaucousness varies greatly, 14 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Bromus marginatus. No. 24702. Arrowhead Lake, California, August 4, — Bromus Richardsonii. No. 24703. September 29, 1929. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. Common. Anglropogon = Ne 24704. Baboquivor mountains, Arizona. | Andropogon chrysoc No. 24705. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca | mountains, ak "September 30, 1929. On prairies. _No. 24706. — Miller Canon, same a October 1, 1929. Baboquivori Bae Arizona. September 20, Andropogon furcatus. No. nie Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 30, 1929. : Flionuris barbiculmis. No. 24709. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, 29. rizona. Trachypogon Montufari. No. 24710. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- tains, Arizon. September = 1929. 2 Andropogon cart No. 24711. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. ptember 1929, Andropogon as (?). No. 24712. Ajo, Arizona. September 18, 1929. Along creek bottom. Same as 22812 from Nogales. Rachis smoo Seiactter geminifloru var. unisetus. No, 24713. Ramsey Canon, Hua- hucha mountains, Arizona. September 29, 1929. Along roadside. A very Seis annual. Very poorly drawn in Beal’s Grasses and in Grasses Z Hayfields, west of Desert Center, California. September 16, te No. 24717. East of Desert Center. eptember 16, 1929. Common on flats. No. 24719. Sentinel, Arizona. September 18, 1929. No. 24724, Benson, Arizona. September 27, 1929. Boutelous trifida. No. 24717. Benson, Arizona. September 27, 1929. Boutelous rece No. 24718. Baboquivori mountains, Aoizona. Sep- tember 19, Bouteloua — “No. 24720. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- 19,1929. Common tembe Bouteloua aristidoides. No. 24721, Hay — west of Desert Center, Cal- ifornia. September 16, 1929. No. 24722. Ajo, Arizona. Septem- ber 18, 1929. No. 24723. Benson, Arizona. September 27, 1929. —— ligstachya (?) No. 24725. Benson, Arizona. September 27, verywh 9 Boutelous hirsuta, No. 24726. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 20, 1929, Very common. Sty dubia, —— 24727. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- Leptochloa mucronta. No. 24728. Sells, Arizona. September 18, 1929. Muhlenberg ‘debilis. No. 24729. Arrowhead Lake, California. August a 15 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Cassia nictitans. No. 24884. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Septem- Pose ie 19 Cas esii. No. 25021. Picacho Pass. October 2, 1929. Erikfina abies No. 24885. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 19, 1929 Desmanthus Jamesii. No. 25024. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 22, 1929. Hosackia Purshiana. No. 24886. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4, 1929. 3S rifolium involucratum. No. 24887. Tioga Pass, California. June 30, 929. No. 24900. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 30, 1929. Calliandra humilis. No. 25020. Sells, Arizona. September 18, 1929. Jo. 24888. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 20, 1929. <= Serco: eriophylla. No. 24889. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 20, 1929. No. 24890. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, % seasardiia orthocarpa. No. 24891. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 29, 1929, Holfmanseggia drepanocarpa. No. 24892. East of Desert Center, Califor- nia. September 16, 1929. Cologania longifolia. No. 24893. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 19, 1929. ‘haseolus acutifolius. No. 24894. Babequivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 23, 1929 Thaseolus tenuifolius. No. 24895. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, \rizona. September 29, 1929. No. 25023. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 19, 1929. Phaseolus macropoides. No. 24896. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Dalea Parryi. No. 24897. Ajo, Arizona. September 18, 1929. Delea Grayi. No. 24898. Miller Canon, Huachuca ec Arizona. October 1, 1929. Dalea formosa. No. 25026. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Septem- 29 Crotalaria lupulina. No. 24899. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 29, 1929. Amorpha ovalis N. Sp. No. 25027. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. October 1, 1929. Desmodium Arizonicum. No. 24901. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- tains, Arizona. September 30, 1929. Desmodium batocaulon. No. 24902. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. 9. Desmodium Metcalfi. No. 24903. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 19, 1929. Desmodium Bigelovii. No. 24904. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 23, 1929. No. 24905. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 29, 1929. : 16 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Desmodium Neo-Mexicanum. No. 24906. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca tains, Arizona. September 27, 1929. No. 25022. Baboquivori soit ains, Arizona. September 24, 1929. Desmodium Grahami. No. 24907. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 20, 1929. Lupinus Andersonii. No. 24908. Tioga Pass, California, June 30, 1929. Mono Lake, California. June 29, 1929. No. 24910. Bear Lake, California. August ‘ : ‘Tephrosia leucantha. No. 24933. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, 929. Ari Lupinus Palmeri. . 24911. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains. Sep- 28, 192 9. Lupinus amplus. No. 24912. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ariz- zona. September 28, 1929. : : Zornia gas lax No. 25025. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- October Philadel argenteus, No. 24913. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- . September 28, 1929. Philadelphus miropbyls No. 23914. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Septem 3, 1929. Potentilla gracilis, No. 24915. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4, 1929, Cercocarpus brevifolius. No, — Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, izona. September 28, 192 Chamaebatia foliolosa. No. 24017. Tioga Pass, California. June 30, Rubus rubricaulis (W. & S.) No. 24918. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains. agra 30, 1929. Rubus ursinus. No. 24919. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- zona. September ee 1929. Agrimonia striata. No. 24920. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- mm ZONA, Se eptember 29, 1929. ’ Heuchera sanguinea. No. 24921. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, —— Arizona. September 28, 1929, Krameria glandulosa. No. 24922, 1929, ee Sn viscosa var. angustifolia. No. 24923. Baboquivori mountains, me Atizona. September 19, 1929. —“ Ayenia pusilla. No. 24924. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Septem- Castle Dome, Arizona. September 17, 20, —Sphaeralea angustifolia. No. 23925. Benson, Arizona. September 17, ooo te, No. 24926. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- 3, 192 Abutilon Texense. No. 24927. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Septem- 1929, T 23, Abutilon malacum. No. 24930. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- 17 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 tember 19, 1929. Sida nas No. 24928. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 19, 1929. Sida Neo-Mexicana. No. 24929. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 22, 19 Janusia Californica. No. 24931. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 22, 1929. Janusia gracilis, No. 24932. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Septem- ber 20, 9. Argemone hispida. No. 24933. Mono Lake, California. June 29, 1929. Houstonia angustifolia. No. 24934. wes Canon, Huachuca moun- ains, Arizona. Seeptember 30, Gayophytum ramosissimum. No. ae Arrowhead Lake, Pet a ugust 4, 1929. No. 24937. Cushenbury Grade. August 4 Epilobium paniculatum var. jucundum. No. 24936. Arrowhead “Lake, California. August 4, 1929. Kpilobium adenocaulon. No. 24938. Arrowhead Lake, California. August Epilobium glaberrimum. No. 24940, Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4, 1929. Roisduvalia densiflora. No. 24939. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4, 1929 — parviflora. No. 24941. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- ona. September 29, 1929. aes biennis. No. 24942. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- on 29. Gaura gracilis. No. 24943. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- Ss September - 1929. Aralia BIEL No. 24945. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- zona. Seeptember ne 1929. This is very near to A. racemosa. Sium lineare. No. 24948. Bluff Lake, California. September 2, 1929. ~ Carum Kelloggii. No. 24950. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4, 1929. senate tome tenuifolius. No. 24951. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca m ins, Arizona. September 30, 1929 peda capitellatum. No. 24947. Bluff Lake, California. Sep- —— tember 2, 1929. . Sanicula lacinata. No. 24946. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4, ~Galium Rothrockii. No. a Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Galium Aparine. No. 24953. can Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- ona. 929, PE onan Lecontei (?). No. 24954. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. 929. Echinocactus acanthodes. No. 24955. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. ptember 25, 1929, 12 7 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 untia lepiocaulis. No. 24956. Benson, Arizona. September 27, 1929 ~ Retalonyx Thurberi. No. 24957. Ajo, Arizona. September 18, 1929. — Crusea subulata. ~ 24958. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- Oke 2 ona. September 30, 1929. Rutt Apodanthera . ie. 24959. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- a tember 20, 192 ai fig Echinopepon Wright No. 24960. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- poo tember 22, po — Mexiana, “No 24961. Benson, Arizona. oe 27, 1929. 4965. Quartzite, —— September 17, : ribulus ME i No. Sentinel, Arizona. Seocnte 18, 1929. Cribulus maximus. No. zines Hayfields, west of Desert Center, Cali- fornia. September 16, 1929. : —— Tiolacantha Emoryi. No. 24964. Hayfields, west of Desert Center, Cali- ornia. September 16, — oF Hidisens denudatus. No. 24966. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- ff tember 20, 1929, { ntinana Wrightii. No. 24967. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, \ rizona. September 30, 1929. ‘ Stuetiwe orbiculatum. No. 24968. ommaey grade, San Bernardino ains, California. August 4, ie Physalis 1 Wright No. 24969. Sakssaivecl mountains, Arizona. Sep- te , 1929, — there No. 24970. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Septem- r 1929. Capsicum Ae No. 24971. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- Ruellia Parryi. No. 25002. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. ‘September 19, 1929, i oO Lan 3 ee Se es © 2 Q a8 aS 3 nee) wm Oo S So wae a ae Len J Do mM" _ oO oo Tetramerium his idum. No. 25003. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. s) September 22, 1929. ; ; Y alos Torreyi. No. 25004. Baboquivori mountains. Arizona. Sep- 192 B; *Poeynum pumilum. No. 25005. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 929. a hastata. No. rage 2 Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- ona. September 30, 19 ees Neo-Mexicanum. No. 25007. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- tains, Arizona. September 30, 1929. — 20 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Fraxinus attenuata. No. 25008. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. Seeptember 30, 1929. - = eae No. 25009. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. p- mber 19, rbutus Aleta “No. agi Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, ona. Seeptember 30, 1929. ok Greggii. No. 35018 Castle Dome, Arizona. September 17, 1929. i geptnationg No. 25017. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari-. ee zona. Seeptember 28, 1929. Gilia intertexta. No. 25016. Cushenbury Grade, San Bernardino moun- tains, California. — 17, 1929. No. 25015. Bear Lake, Cali- fornia. August 17, Gilia sade No. $5013, “Baldwin Lake, California. August 17, 1929. Cryptantha micrantha. No. 25014. Baldwin Lake, California. August 17, 1929. Heliotropium Curassavicum. No. 25012. Baldwin Lake, California. Au- Cobelia cardinalis. No. 25011. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. Seeptember 30, 1929. ~Boerhaavia erecta. No. 24796, Hayfields, west of Desert Center, Califor- nia. September 16, 1929, — intermedia. 24797. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 19, 1929 Boerhaavia ee Ss No. 24798. Hayfields, west of Desert Center, Cali- ornia. September 16, 1929. Roerhaavia Wrightii. No. 24799, Hayfields, west of Desert Center, Cali- ornia. September 16, 1929. Goerhaavia scandens. No. 24800. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 19, 1929, : Allionia melanotricha. No. 24801. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 30, 1929. _-Abronia villosa. No. aes _ Temecula Bridge, California. July 13, 1929. Gomphrena —— — 803. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 20, oo So No. 24804. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. October 1, 1929. Ries eo No. ———= tember 19, 19 Amarantus Torreyi. “No. 24806. Castle Dome, Arizona. September 17, 1929 Ainecantia retroflexus. No. 2480 24805, Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- 7. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, zona. September 29, 1929, Tresine celosioides. No. 24808. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- 29. ~~Chenopodium Fremonti. No. 248 Arizona. September 29, 1929, Chenopodium Botrys. No. "24810. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, 09. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, 21 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Arizona. September 29, 1929 ; Atriplex saccaria. No. 24811. Baldwin Lake, California. August 17, 1 Atriplex Greggii. No. 24812. Sacaton, Arizona. Otcober 2, 1929. Atriplex expansa. No. 24813. Mohawk, Arizona. September | ae Le Atriplex canescens. No. 24814. Mohawk, Arizona. September 1%. 1929. is follugo Cerviana. No. 24815. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- zona. October 1, 1929. Benson, Arizona. September 27, 1929. xT — portulaccoides. No. 24817. East of Desert Center, Califor- mber 16, 1929. : se amplifolia, No. 24818. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, _-éxrizona. September 28, 1929. Al Serer lanuginosa. No. 24819. er of Blythe, along the Colc- rado river, Arizona. September 16, Kesnsathers suffrutescens. No. 24820. Wala Arizona. September 17, —1¥929 ae Eriogonum ovalifolium (?). No. 24821. Baldwin Lake, California. “Au ugust 17, 1929. E — Wrightii. No. 24822. Baboquivori pee Arizona. Sep- mber 23, 1929. No. 24823. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari rizona. No. 24824. Ramsey Canon. Sccticsbes 235 192% Eriogonum cernuum. No. 24825. Baldwin Lake, Califoruis: August 17, 1929. No. 24826. Cushenbury Spring, Arizona. August 17, 1929. No. 24827. Mohawk, Arizona. — mber 17, 1929. No. "24828. Benson, Arizona. Septe mber 27, 19 Eriogonum gracile. No. 24829. Bear ae California. August 17, 1929. Polygonum Douglasii. No. 24844. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4, 1929. See — No. 24830. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- September 30, 1929. : Stellaria Jongifolia. No. 24831. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, rizona. September 27, 1929. Portulaca pilosa. No. 24832. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- zona. September 29, 1929. : ; Portulaca suffrutescens. No. 24833. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 19, 1929. T = paniculatum. No. 24834. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- mber 19, 1929. Tisigoadion: No. 24835. September 30, Sisymbrium Vase No. 24836. ed “Canon, Huachuca moun- yi (? tains, Arizona. October 1, 1929. Stigma lobes over partition Sisymbrium Vaseyi. No. 24837. Ramsey Canen, Huachuca mountains, be 929. Lepidium Thurberi. No. 24838. Benson, Arizona. September 27, 1929. No. 24839. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. October 1, 1929. This seems a good species from the prilliant white flowers and universal pubescence — 7 a1 22 EONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Erysimum elatum. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. Sep- 1929 r 29, : : Arabis porphyrea. No. 24841. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ani- zona. September 29, 1929. This is a dubious species. Draba petrophila. No. 24842. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- zona. September 28, 1929. This appears to be a good species, grow- . i on the rocks. : : Streptanthus tortuosus. No. 24844. Mono Lake, California. June 29, _Mislizenia refracta. No. 24843. Sacaton, Arizona. October 2, 1929. xytheca Parishii. No. 24845. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4, ee ey Wilcoxii, No. 24846. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- a Seeptember 28, 1929. clphinium scopulorum. No. 24847. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- i i 29 Clematis Drummondi. No. 24848. Ajo, Arizona. September 18, 1929. Monnina Wrightii. No. 24849. Ramsey Canon, Arizona. September 30, Thalictrum Wrightii. No. 24850. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, rizona. Seeptember 28, 1929. ‘iola Canadensis. No. 24851. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- a. September 28, 1929. ‘uphorbia serpens H. B. K. No. 24852. Babroquivori mountains, Ari- zona. September 22, 1929. No. 24853. Pichacho Pass. October 2, 1929. No. 24854. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. ey es are rather long on the main stems and are filiform d St he papery stipules are triangular and mostly entire and conspicuous. e leaves vary from obliquely oval to almost round, 1 among the leaves. The pods are sharp-angled and smooth, and about 1.5 mm. long, the versely oblong. The inflorescence is terminal on the branches and always congested, and very late in blooming. The general appearance 23 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 e r Wooton and Standley evidently followed Coulter too closely in making their keys. Coulter’s keys are poor. I don’t see how a plant could root at the nodes and be annual. The original description says it is an annual. Euphorbia setiloba Eng. No. 24855. Quartzite, Arizona. September 17, 929. This prostrate annual of the stictospora group, has exactly the habit of stictospora and serpyllifolia, and grows with the latter. Whole plant glandular-hairy throughout even to the pods when young, but lacerate appedanges. Stictospora has the long pubescence but is without appendages, and the leaves are serrate above. Hirtula has very much shorter pubescence, and has crenate and very narrow appendages, and obtuse angled and ovate seeds, and serrate leaves. I do not see any good reason for recognizing the segregates of Euphor- bia as genera. The species of this group are too much involved to be good species. Fuphorbia vermiformis N. Sp. No. 24856. Ajo, Arizona. September 18, with about 3 pairs of leaves which are about an inch long, broadly linear to narrowly oblong, obtuse at both ends but not oblique, invo- lute, entire. Pods with rounded angles, appressed-ashy with very short hairs 2 mm. long, single. Seeds about 1 mm. long, a little oblique, oblong, rounded and obscurely if at all angled but with the 4 ribs very low, and with 4 conspicuous and raised rings, like pediculi- fera, obtuse. The seeds would put this at once in the iculifera group, and not in petaloidea, which the plant resembles much. At first sight one would think that this was E, revoluta, but the leaves are 24 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 wider and the seeds manifestly like pediculifera. Euphorbia Missouriensis i erton) No. ae Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun ns, Ari dick or Sue above and green below. The seeds are oblong-ovate and acutish, and the appendages are narrow and not prolonged. Fubhorbia. Totiecliies No. 24862. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. ember 19, 1929, : Euphorbia hypericifolia. No. 24859. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 19, 1929 ee polycarpa. No. 24860. Hayfields, west of Desert Center, Cali- forn September 16, 1929. Euphorbia. flagelliformis. No. 24861. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- ains, Arizona. September 29, 1929. The pods of this species are evidently glutinous as they stick to the paper in d ; Euphorbia chaetocalyx. No, 24863. Baboquivori iountaioa Arizona. September 19, 1929, : Euphoribia PaaS No. 24864. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 29, 1929. Euphorbia hirtula (?). No 24865. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4, 1929. Almost s — Califernics, a. 24866. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. a 4 ember 20, 1929. No. 24867. Ram amsey Canon, Huachuca moun- , Arizona. September he 1929, pees Neo-Mexicana. No. 24868. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- tains, Arizona. September Pas 1929, oS “‘Lindheinieri, No. 24869. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, zona. September 29, 1929, habe Virginica. No. 24 4870. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 19, 1929, Argythamnia Neo-Mex xicana. No. 24871. East of Desert Center, Califor- i 929 a. Sep ‘ Croton corymbulosus. No. 24872. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, i 1, 1929, is aye -ahe But there are forms with this color that are per- sm fectly smooth. There seems to be no other way than to put them all under yllifolia. degree oe nee (2). No. 24874. Quartzite, Arizona. September 1929. No. 2487 Hayfields, west of Desert Center, California. Sebuetioe 16, 1929, we 24876. Same locality. No, 24877 a form ot 25 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 (?). East of Blythe in Arizona. Seeptember ee mid No. 24878. ame form. Quartzite, Arizona. September 16, Euphorbia hirtula (?). No. 24879. East of Dae ‘Cailtee California. September 16, 1929. ee setiloba. No. 24880. Quartzite, Arizona. Seeptember 16, 1929. alea angulata N. Sp. No. 248 881. This would come in Rydberg’s genus bera. A wood rennial, herbaceous above, and with the habit of Parryella, with ascending stems two feet long and filiform an freely branching, ashy throughout with appressed white hairs, the calyx silvery. Leaves 1-2 inches long, on a petiole hardly longer than the lowest leaflet, with 6-10 pairs of oval-obovate and emarginate and thickish leaflets about 2 mm. long, which are smooth above and nearly contiguous, but ciliate on the margins and hairy on the back. Racemes 2-4 inches long on a slender petiole, with 10-20 ascending flowers glandular. —— ners as long as calyx tube a nd deciduous. m. purple, about 1 mm. longer than the calyx. Growing among low elevations on the Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sihenber Astragalus oocarpus. No, 24882. Palomar mountain, California. July 13; 9. Astragalus Parishii. No. 24883. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4. Muhlenbergia Porteri. No. 24730. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- 29. rl Mublenbergi monticola. No. 24731. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- s, Arizona. September 28, 1929. ; Asian Wie No. 24732. Ajo, Arizona. No, 24733. Baboqui- vori mountains, Arizona. September 19, 19 — Scheideana. No. 24733. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- e- 19,4929. Na. pitas Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Asics ona Se 30, 192 : Chloris elegans, No. 24735. Ajo, Arizona. September 18, 1929. Acting like introduc Epicampes distichophylla. No. 24736. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- tuins, Arizona. September 30, 1929. No. pelle Baboquivori moun- ains. September a 1929. Common roc Eragrostis lugens. No. 24738. Baboquivori senieiad: eases Septem- ber 19, 1929. No. 24738. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 30, 1929. No. 24740. Miller Cam. Huachuca mountains, Arizona. Octo rt i3 “wragrostis pilosa. No. 24741. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, : Arizona. September 29, 1929, 26 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Eragrostis megastachya. No. 24742. Sells, Arizona. September 18, 192 — 24743, Aj jo, Arizona. September 18, 1929; No. 24744. Sead September 18, 1929. a. piece ge No. 24745. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 22, 1929. Agrostis exarata. No 24746. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4, 1929, Lycurus pheloides. No. 24747, ; - 24749. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 24, 1929. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, izona. Arundo (?). No. 24751, Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 19, 1929, Trachypogon Montuferi. No. 24752. tains, Arizona. October 1, 1929. ; Oryzopsis micrantha. No. 24753. Cushenbury Grade, California. Au- gu Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Miller Canon, Huachuca moun- Hilari rigida. No. 24755. East ‘of Desert Center, California. Septem- r 9. lingia pulchella, 2S 24756. Sentinel, Arizona. September 18, 1929. — Vie Schottii. No. 24757. Ram msey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- ona. September an 1929, Viiscn =~ No. 24758. Benson, A-izona. September 27, 1929. Com- Yucca baat, No. 24759, Wao Nevada. June 15, Allium uum. No. 24760. Ra: amse Canon, Huachuca ee Ari- tember 20, 1929, nak o> ep Brodiaes_ is No. 24761. Miller Canon, , 1929, ee Huachuca mountains, Vitam Fairchild N. S No. 24762. 929. Palomar, California. July 13, Caen esculenta. No. 24763. Mono Mrodiaea grandiflora. No, 24764, 4, 1929. —“Haenaria Thurberi. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 1929. Trig Hartwet No. 24766. Arieiend Lake, ee August 4, 1929, -Achyroanthes a Sa — 24767. Ram y Canon, Huachuca moun- ains, Arizona mber 30, 1929, Commelyna dianthifolig Na, 247 Ramsey 68. tains, Arizona. September 29, 1929, Dasylirion €rumpens. No, 24769. Baboquivori mountzins, Arizona. Sep- tember 19, 1929, Lake, California. June 29, 1929. Arrowhead Lake, California. August No. 24765. Canon, Huachuca moun- 27 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 = comosa var. No. 24770. Bluff Lake, California. September 4, 1929, Juncus tenuis. No. 24771. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4, oes Juncus leer No. 24772. Arrow Head Lake, California. August 4 192 Juncus ‘iphiides No. 24773. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, mber 30, 1929. , , Eleocharis sreateons (?). No. 24774. Arrowhead Lake, California. Au- t 4,1 gus’ 929. Carex cristata: No. 24775. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4, 1929 Carex rostrata. No. Lge Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- zona. September 30, 1929. Cyperus Schweinitzii (?). No. 24777. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 22, 1929. Cyperus Schweinitzii. No. 24778. Miller Canon, Huachuca mounta Arizona. October 1, 1929. No. we Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 30, 1929. Puccinella aaeaaticn: No. 24780. Bluff pee California. September 2, 1929. Salix Bonplandiana. No. 24781. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 23, ; Salix taxifolia. No. ae Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 28, ; Salix fluviatillis. No. 24783. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Septem- er 23, 1929. ——(uercus hypoleuca. No. 24784. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, rizona. September 28, 1929. Quercus grisea. No. 24 785. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- ona. September 30, 1929. Urtica gracilis. No. 24786. Ramsey Cc anon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- zona. September 30, 1929. Celtis —— No. 24787. Baboquise! mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 23, 1929. —Aristolochia Watsoni. No, 24788. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 929. Kel a Lindheimer No. 24789. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- Sept 929. Acalypha Nés-Secicaha, No. 23790. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- ins, Arizona. September 29, 1929. Acalypha Virginica. No. 24791. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- i 1929. This species does not seem to have been reported in on before. Tragia settietane: No. 24792. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 30, 1929. Tragia ramosa. No. 24 793. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Asi- zona. September 28, 1929. ——— 23 ra CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 re incarnata. No. 24794. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sepk, mbe: 1929. tember thaavia Caribaea. No. 24795. Ajo, Arizona, September 18, 1929. Sen Plummerae. No. 25065. Ramsey Can anon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- g. : Fupatorium incarnatum. No. 25067. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. ae Eupatorium Arizonicu No. 25068. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- tains, Arizona. Seatac zi 1929. : Gutierrezia linearifolia. No. 25069. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. eptember 19, 1929 ee becivgiyia No. 25071. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- ins, Arizona. September 28, 1929. Solidago occidentalis. No. 25078. Bluff Lake, California. September 2, Sdlidags nemoralis. No. 25079. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 23, ‘Solidago decumbens, No. 25080. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, izona. September 30, 1929. 2 Heterotheca subaxillaris, No. 25081. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. October 1929.5: os Lessingia gandulifers. "No. 25082. Baldwin Lake, California. August im Rigelovia Douglasii var. No. cee Baldwin Lake, California. August y 1929, Biglode Nauseosa. No, 25084. “Beat tai California. August 17, 1929. Aplo opappus gracillis. No. 25085. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 28, 1929. Aplopappus Wrightii. No, 25086. Sentinel, Arizona, September 18, 1929. - 25087. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 24, 1929. Aplopappus Cooperi. No, 25088. Baboquivori oust fon Arizona. Sep- tember 22, 1929. Erigeron Canadensis. No. 25089. ‘Ramsey rizona. September 30, aoe Erigeron Neo-Mexicanus. No. 090. tains, Arizona. September be 1929, Corethrogyne Taeialttn No. 25091, Arrowhead Lake, California. Au- Canon, ae mandala Ramsey Canon, Satins moun- gust * Aster adscendens, No. 25092. srrwhead Lake, California, August 4, 929. No. 25094. Be enson, Arizon September 27, 1929. Aster tanacetifolius, No. 25093. Miller ‘Canon » Huachuca mountains, Ari- zona. ee 1929. No. 25095. Baldwin Fee California, Au- Galion parviflora var. semicalva Gr. No. “gas Ramsey Canon, Hua- mountains, Arizona. September 27, 1929. Xanthocephalum Wrightii. No. 25095. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- mountains, Arizona. September 29, 1929. 29 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NQ®. 16 Eupatorium tas com No. 25116. Baboquivori mountains, Ari- zona. Brickellia venosa. Ne 25101. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- zona. September 28, 1929. Brickellia reniformis. No. 25102. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 28, 1929. Brickellia a No. 25103. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 28, 1929. Brickellia setiaioaeteltc. No. 25104. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. October 1, Brickellia grandiflora. No. 25 a Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 29, 192 ear chenopodina (?). No. 35106. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- s, Arizona. September 29, 1929. brickelia floribunda. No. 25107. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, . September 30, 1929. Brickellia Pustek No. 25108. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 19, 1929. No. 25109. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- zona. September 30, 1929. a axillaris. No. 25114. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- Sains Hartwegi. No. 25115. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari . September 28, 1929. Heliopsis parvifolia. No. 25118. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 30, 1929. Encelia frutescens. No. 25119. Castle Dome, Arizona. gape 17, 1929. No. 25120. Quartzite, Arizona. September i7,39 Encelia exarata (?). No. 25110. Ramsey Canon, Babak mountains, Arizona. September 29, 1929, Tithonia ie A ie No. 25121. Baboquivori mountains, Arizena. r2 Riddelia tagetina. ‘Ne. 25097. Benson, Arizona. September 27, 1929. Madia sativa. No. 25098. Arrowhead Lake, California. August 4, 1929. Baileya pleniradiata. No. 25099. Sentinel, Arizona. September 18, 1929. — longifolia. No. 25117. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, izona. September 30, 1929. Vehetins Wrightii. No. 25100. Benson, Arizona. September 27, 1929. Viguieria cordifolia (?). No. 25111. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- tains, Arizona. September 29, 1929, Gymnolomia multiflora. No. 25096. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 19, 1929. Gymnolomia en var. annua. No. 25112. Benson, Arizona. Sep- tember 27, Carminatia ae No. 25060. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca ‘mountains, Arizona. September 29, 1929. Centaurea Americana. No. 25077. Ramsey Canon, ‘Huachuca :mountains, Arizona. September 30, 1929. XB CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 ee pentachaetum. No. 25028. Benson, Arizona. Septembe¥. af, i Pectis angst, No. 8 Hayfields, west of Desert Center, Cali- fornia. September 16, 1929. Heterospermum pinnatum. No, 25030. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- tains, Arizona. September 29, 1929. Bidens Bigelovii. No. 25031. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Septem- ber 23, : Palafoxia Hookeriana. No. 25032. Mohawk, Arizona. September 17,. Helenium Bigelovii. No. 25033. Bluff Lake, California. September 2, 1929 Senecio MacDougal. No. 25034. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountainsy izona. September 30, 1929. — Fendleri. No. 25035. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, rizona. September 30, 1929. Perigle coronopifolia. No. 25036. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, zona. September 27, 1029. cn are deltoidea. No. 25037. Palomar, California. July 13, 1929. Ximinesia encelioides. No. 25038. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- tember 24, Trixis ie No. 25039. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- 929. tember Bipmeaetese Wislizenk. ~~ 25040. Ajo, Arizona. Seeptember 18, 1929. Wrightii. No. 25063. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 29, 1929, Schkuhria Wrightii. No. 25041. Ramsey Canon. Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 28, 1929. Zinnia grandiflora. No. 25042. Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Ari- zona. October 1, 1929. Zinnia pumila. No. 25043. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. September 25, 192 pidenioics incanum. No. 25070. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona, Sep- tember 27, 1929. Flaveria repanda. No. 25044. Benson, Arizona. September 27, 1929. Melampodium hispidum. No. 25045. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- tains. September 29, 1929. Tagetes Lemmoni. No. 25046. Ramsey Canon, zona. September 28, 1929. Bahia sacanits lia. No. 25047, Benson, Arizona. September 27, 1929. rn Boag No. 25048, Ramsey Canon, Huachuca moun- izona. September 27, 1929. Ahir trifida. No. 25049. Benson, Arizona. September at, 1929, brosia psilostachya. No. 24050. Sen tinel, Arizona. September 18, 2 0. 25072. Ajo, Arizona. ——— 18, 1929. Antennaria atic No. 25051. R zona. September 28, 1929 Huachuca mountains, Ari- 31 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Valeriana sorbifolia. No. 25052. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, rizona. September 28, 192 Cacalia decomposita. No. 25053. Arizona. September 27, 1929. Lig eter es exigua. No. 25054. Badwin Lake, California. August 17, 1929. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, dieses ramosa. No. 25055. Pacheco Pass, Arizona. October 2, 929. Perrin — No. 25056. ee boca Canon, Arizona, Huachuca ains, Bes aie ae 929. Sonchais eae s 1 5057. Ramee Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. Senteaiber 30 1929 Baccharis sergiloides. No. 25058. " Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- 5, 1929. No. 25059. Benson, Arizona. September 27, 1929. a glutinosa. No. 25061. Baboquivori mountains, Arizona. Sep- mber 23, 1929. Racdiade Bigelow yt No. 25073. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 28, 1929. Poraphytiud macrocephalum. No. 25062. September 22, 1929. Rudbeckia laciniata. No. 25064. Ramsey Canon, Huachuca mountains, Arizona. September 28, 1929. Cirsium Mohavensis. No. 25066. Cushenbury Spring, Calfornia, August Miller Canon, Huachuca mountains, Baboquivori mountains, Ari- — ludoviciana. a 25072. Arizona Octobe Vessuerte dumosa. ae 25074. East of Desert Center, California. Sep- tember 16, 1929. Psathyrotes annua. No. 25075. Sentinel, Arizona. September 18, 1929. No. 25076. Baldwin Lake, California. August t 37, October —— inermis. Ganotia holacantha No. 25122. West of Wickenburg, Arizona. 4, 32 ? Tur Y t CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 NEW SPECIES AND NOTES. Amorpha ovalis N. Sp. No. 25027. Miller Canon, Huachuca moun- Leaves 3-4 inches long, narrow, with 6-8 pairs of oblanceolate, rounded and apiculate and mostly folded leaflets about an inch long. Racemes axillary, linear, about 4 inches long and on short peduncles, many-flowered, erect. Pods somewhat reflexed on capillary pedicles 2-3 mm. long. Pods ashy with minute pubescence, not glandular, oval, a little flattened, about 4 mm. long, triangular-apiculate with a stout style about their own length, 1-seeded. There is no evidence of giand- ularity in the leaves. Stems striate. Flowers absent. Sisymbrium deflexum (Thelypodium lasiophyllum). In commenting entioning that in nine cases out of ten it is impossible to tell how the notch in the stigma stands in rela- Thelypodium elegans in the genus in spite of the stigma lobes being parallel with the partition. The Palms. In my contributions No. the species of Erythea and Washingtonia. € fruited. This year, 1929, the Yucca Mohavensis. This plant seldom blooms, but this spring the desert near Cabazon was ablaze wi e bloom, but the plants set almost no fruit. This is in the San Gorgonio pass. Yucca Whipplei blooms copiously, but only once from 33 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Cc brevifolia have sessile panicle. The last two and the first have trunks only. do not think that much stress should be laid on the color of the leaves in the Mohavensis group, for we have growing in Claremont a tree ee F Schotti with leaves just the shape, color, and length (3 feet) of Mohavensis but destitute of the marginal threads. No botanist would class the other tree Yucca (J. brevifolia) with this group with sessile panicles because of the thick petals and nauseating odor of the flowers, though the pods are erect and dry and in dense, ovate and sessile panicles. cca marcrocarpa Eng. Bot. Gaz. macrocarpa. In addition to recognize Engelmann’s type locality, Santa Rita mountains, Arizona, in canons, gives one an exact opinion of species and the canon species, the some. If we follow Trelease in his treatment of the Yuccas we must consider Engelmann’s Y. macrocarpa the same as Y. Schottii, which name i without any marginal fibers or very in the glaucous-green leaves of Schott essively large fruit, few and very fine ones, and a tomentose panicle, and exc marcrocarpa (Torr.) Coville. Ordinarily the previous publication of Engelmann’s macrocarpa would pacheacosetg later species y the same name. Bu ink any varietal name sh hold precedence over any other name p d is would invalidate Engelmann’s name when he published his macrocarpa, for he intended it to apply Cal fornia plant which Sargent rightly called Mohavensis. synonymy requires Torrey’s type to be macrocarpa. Now the question is, “What was Torrey’s type?” “Torrey says the leaves are those of baccata, «nd the pods a little longer, and this is about all there is to the description, except that it is a small tree. Standley (Fl. N. M. 137) says by inference That the leaves are yellowish-green, but the crucial character he does not qention, namely, the fibers on the edges, whether fhey are fine er coarse, a” ; : CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 ff or glaucous, and with fine threads on the margins, and which I wondered "if it could be a low elevation form of Schottii. This must be the real macro- carpa of Torrey. The leaves of this plant are distinctly shorter than Mohav~ ensis, and much thinner and less rigid than that species. The thick and very | rigid leaves of Mohavensis and baccata are very marked from any other Yucca. I am not in a position to say the Jast word on this species till I have -made another trip through Arizona and New Mexico to Texas. Yucca Schottii var. valida (Brandegee). Yucca valida Brandegee. I was in error in Contributions No. . 146 in referring this to australis, which is a species with pendent inflorescence, and which Trelease erects into the genus Samuela, and which does not grow on the Pacific slope apparently. Yucca elata is a characteristic species of the Arizona plains, and is the castern representative of Y. Whipplei (a plant without fleshy pods). This then takes care of all the usual Yuccas of Arizona except angustissima, and ssibly glauca, both of which belong to the dry and erect pod section Fleming says he has seen the true baccata south of the San Quentin Bay of Lower California. I am of the opinion that it goes over from the La Sal mountains, Utah, to Albuquerque and possibly farther southeast into Texas. Baccata does not grow anywhere west of the Providence mountains, Califor- — nia, and there it hybridizes with Mohavensis. : Canotia holacantha Torrey Pac. R. R. Rep. 4 68 and Bot Ives, also hgured in Wheeler’s Rep. 81 t I. Whether this and Holacantha Emoryi making it difficult to get specimens of the flowers and fruit. But when you ong and fleshy beak. The outer part of the fruit is pulpy and soft and cuts — easily, and when fully ripe splits into 10 subulate tipped sections, each suture splitting into two. The pods are erect and single. I found it grow- 35 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 ing rather sbundantly a few miles west of Wickenburg, Arizona, on ridges slong with Cercidium and Prosopis, and Cereus giganteus. The fruits of Holacantha are in dense panicles. Astragalus Wootoni Sheldon. Minn. Bot. Stud. 9 138. I have always been much amused at Wooton’s attempts to keep up his species. I have from him a part of his type labeled in his own handwriting, and the specimen is A. subcinereus, and accords with Sheldon’s description where he speaks of it as perennial. It is likely that Wooton has distributed forms of A. playa- nus Jones as this species, but his type is A. subcinereus. On page 367 of Wooton and Standley’s Flora of New Mexico, in com- menting on Astragalus Gilensis Greene, they state that my description of the species does not accord with Greene’s and with specimens of theirs. As to that I do not know, but I have in my herbarium a part of Greene’s type, fom which my description is taken. Greene’s descriptions were not always reliable, but there is no mistaking his type. In his description of Astragalus oocalycis Jones Rydberg says that my fizure of the type is faulty. This figure was drawn from the t in my hesbarium, and therefore can hardly be faulty. I have always been inclined :0 think that A. oocalycis is a freak, after the fashion of A. grallator Wat- So far no one knows whether it is or not. t inow if A. hyalinus is a freak of A. triphyllus, but I do know that A. gral- lator is a freak of A. Haydenianus, and oocalycis is liable to be a freak of A. affront when a person shows up our mistakes. In Contributions No. 13 p 27 I make the fatal mistake of roasting the work of the person who wrote the Cyperaceae for the new Gray’s Manual. I did not know at that time who wrote it (and I did not care), and I do not now. It was a poor piece of work. It turns out that Fernald wrote it, and so I earned his everlasting out of a mus, and he is welcome to it. But to me it is babyish. Rydberg has put himself in an impossible position by assuming that no genus should have more than half a dozen species. Whether this is the cause of his 36 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 i ble spurious genera or not I cannot say, but there are no scientific grounds for them. If there is a real difference between groups then there is some grounds for the erection of a generic name to mark it, but Gray’s way i ae due to altitude of habitat, and for that reason should follow and not precede the Homalobi. The one good species in this group he expands to ten, raising my different varieties to specify rank and omitting, humilimus and sesqui- florus. Any acute botanist in the field will find all of his supposed species confluent. His next genus is Homalobus of Nuttall. The first six pro- lus, which he splits into six species. This species is manifestly hig er in the order of development than Astragalus decumbens “(which he puts in a different group and calls it Bougoviani), for the reason that the leaves are more specialized and the stipules connate. I take decumbens to be the most k who accepts Rydberg’s conception of species and genera. Now that E. D. Merrill is to be at the head of the Botanical Garden at the Bronx we are lia- ble to see a shaking of the dry bones there. Cogswellia Cottami N. sp. Allied to C. Parryi. Caespitose and densely tufted and acaulestent and stout, a foot high with stout and erect peduncles. Leaf bases large and sheathing and fibrous. Leaves about as long as pedunc- les, glaucous, rigid, broadly linear, with petiole 1/3 the whole, bipinnate to tripinnate, about 2 inches wide, pinnae rather distant, partly bipinnate, with final divisions linear, acerose and strongly 3-nerved, 4-8 mm. long and decurrent on the rachis. Rays stout, 6-8, about 1-2 inches long and spreading end without involucral bracts. Involucels with 6-10 pedicels, half of them aborting, and in fruit about § mm. long, with an equal number of bractllets half as long as the pedicels. Flowers not seen. Fruit elliptical, about § mm. Apex mine, on hillsides in the Beaverdem mountains, Utah. June 4, 1929, Cottam, Stanton and Harrison. This species seems to have been collected by Munz, Johnston and Harwood in the Providence mountains, Nevada, also, previously, Venegasia carpesioides Gray. Supplementary to my remarks in Contri- a7 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 hutions No. 15, it should be stated that this is a shrub, 4-6 feet high, with a distinct wood k an inch in diameter, with smooth bark, _ the habit of the eee! Encctias of the Cape region of Lower Californ naria aberrans N. Sp. Plants densely caespitose sat eos about 6 =e high and simple and erect from very sho accaaens bases. Leaves densely par and rapidly reduced above to hyaline bracts with green midveins above, arcuate, triquetrous, needle-tipped, an inch long, hispidulous below but appearing glaucous, filiform and white margined, from « much widened and hyaline base, upper bracts shorter than the calyx. Stems glandular above the middle as are the pedicels. simple or compound cyme, 3-7 flowered. Flowers white, about 7 mm. long end about as wide. Sepals oval-ovate, 4 mm. long, gree d shining in the middle and obscurely 9-nerved for 1/3 the width, the rest ae barely «cute when fresh, appressed. Petals ee and 7 mm longer than the stamens with oval and anthers. Capaaies conspicu- ously inflated, deltoid in outline, green, lea as long as the sepals, splitting into 5 lobes at tip and which are purple within. Box Elder County, Utah. Cottam No, 4159. me, Forty years ago or more Be fellow townsman for many ‘years my removal to California. His her }arium made on that expedition as pple been in my own collection, all the types not now at Harvard. On the visit referred to I failed to see his name among the list of those who traversed the Grand Canon, and for this reason I hunted him up, now a very old man, at Salt Lake, and conferred with him about the matter. ing the conversation his daughter showed me a transcript of his ergs rag- mentary but complete as far as it _— — throws a flood of light on the manag I eh rowed the M.S. ah have ages Bishop was one s the center of the botani- of the very few educated men in the party, a cal activity, making the best prmaegean but Mrs. ompson, the sister of Major Powell, sent her collections to Harv rard. independently. Captain ishop was later on the Professor of Siena at the State University in Salt ‘Lake City ty 3B CONTRIBUTIONS FO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 The announcement of the election of E. D. Merrill to the head of the New York Botanical Garden comes as a great surprise to American bota- nists: It seems to mean the permanent passing of the most disturbing factor in American botany, and we hope the end of personal botany. Californian botanists cannot afford to lose Mr. Merrill, who has endeared himself to all, but the Botanic Garden will be very fortunate if it can secure his services. List of Herbaria where Types are located. (Panicum.) Biltmore er N. C. .Chapman’s types. Gray Herbarium. Gray and Watson’s types. Field Museum, Chicago _New — oe Garden, at the Bronx. Herbarium of Columbia Uni- trey Herbarium. Nash Herbarium. St. Louis tomes Garden. Engelmann’ s, Bernhardi’s herbarium. Washington National Herbarium Charleston Museum has the Eliot herbarium. North Carolina. Parry Herbarium is at S, Gattinger Herbarium is at Knoxville, Tennessee. Ashe Herbarium is in the Forest Service Herbarium at W ashington. Lamson Scribner is in the Department of — at Washington. Morr Herbarium is in the National Herbar Rafinesque and Wood Herbaria not oath Jones Herbarium is at Pomona eee California. uropean query. Herbarium of Van Huerck contains Salzmann’s plants (Brazil). Attersee Has the herbarium of Hackel. fontaine’ s Patarine Also types of Desvaux, Lamarck, and Bosc’s Pp. Geneva, Seen d. The Consery. Bot. has the Delessert Herbarium. The DeCandolle Herbarium William Barbey and ace herbaria are at Chambesy, near by. eo Contains the Grisebach herbarium at the Botanic Garden. e London Kew contains the Pursh collection. ritish Museum contains Gronovius’s collection,.also material from Radde, Rudge, etc. Also e Sloane herb. with Walter’s plants. Madrid Jardin Bot. contains types of Cavalille and Lagasca Munich Konig]. Bot. Mus. contains Martius’s plants of Brazil described by Ness and Doell. Also duplicates Swartz and Laga Paduo Orto Botanico has plants of Bos 39 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Paris Mus. Nat. Jardin des Plantes has types of Bonpland, Desvaux, Four- nier, Richard, and Steudel. Also at Paris is the Michaux herb., the Jussieux herb. and Lamarck herb. The Cosson Herb. contains the Poirer types. The Museum has now the Franqueville herb., where are types of Michaux and Richard and Schaffner’s plants. Prague has Haenke’s plants. St. Petersburg. The Herb. of the Botanic Garden has Karwinsy’s plants, F. Mueller’s and some of Fournier’s plants. At the Academy Imp. are ___Trinius’s plants. Stockholm has types of Fries and Lindman, and Swartz plants. Vienna has an important herbarium. This has the Hackel Herb. at Bat- tersee. _ Salix in southern California. The earliest willow which blooms in this region is Salix lasiolepis. It was in bloom January Ist and still is blooming (tebruary). It is the most common willow, and is evidently related to S. cordata, having the two stamens, black-tipped scales and smooth S$, an taicx, and branching racemosely above. uous, but leaves often hang on all winter. green above S h lasiolepis and is more inclined to be a tree and more like an evergreen The male trees sometimes have red twigs, but otherwise like lasiolepis. The catkins of lasiolepis are f laevigata (the male ones) are broader ve more than 2 stamens to a scale, the black willows. Then the fertile catkins are very slender and leafy-peduncled, and with long pedicels to the fruit. ‘Lhe leaves are waxy-glossy-green above, and the trees bloom a month later than lasiolepis but before the black willows. The leaves of lasiolepis are inclined to be wider above, as in cordata, and are thinner. All the black willows have the tapering tips to the leaves and are inclined to be conspicu- ously serrate. The black willows are laevigata, nigra, amygdaloides, Bon- plandiana and lasiandra. I suppose that the name of “black” willow arose from the fact that the charcoal used in black powder came from them. Lilium Fairchildi n. sp. Two years ago I took with my friend, Dr which places the species among Tot Springs, in sea . the Middle Temperate and is clothed thickly with Pinus ponderesa, Abies 40 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 macrocarpa and Quercus Kelloggii, and whose slopes are covered with the black loam of ages of decaying vegetation. At the hotel we saw a single pecimen in 2 bouquet of a lily of striking peculiarities. The lady at the hotel told me they grew in the meadows. We searched diligently for any lilies in the meadows and found none, and went home disappointed. The doctor has always insisted that the lily is a new one. sceptical about it, but because of the knowledge of my friend I felt com- pelled to settle the matter one way or the other. So on a special trip to the mountain in July, 1929, I determined to get it. Arriving at the hotel I class. He said it was common in the spring but that the cattle ate it off, but he had many growing on his place and in bloom. So over we posted and saw at least 50 of them in bloom. He kindly let me get two plants in bloom for herbarium speci s, and gave me three bulbs, which are now growing. I suppose all the lilies are really grown from root stocks or rhizomes, but in tumboldtii the rhizome is reduced to a mere rudiment if it exists at all, for the roots come out from the center of the base, and the so-called bulb is not oblique, and is made up of several thick and rounded scapes closely aggre- gated, which are crimped or septate near the base and about an inch long, and the leaves are whorled. In Lilium Parryi there is a true rhizome 2 to 4 inches long covered with short and ovate bulb-like scales, which like the other is buried deeply in the ground, but the habitat is different, being wet meadows, while that of Humboldtii is shady woods, in black muck. The and scale-like flakes, hardly an inch long and crimped in the middle. Oth- erwise the plants resemble Humboldtii so linear and acuminate at tip, and about 4 inches long. The buds are acumi- growing among the junipers on the western slope. That Watson was right in placing it near to bisceptrum is evident. Johnston has collected the species at Granite Well, near Randsburg, California. The species arrests one’s attention by its deep pink or purple flowers, at once suggesting A. acuminatum. It has the same tendency for the flowers to have dark midribs and to be lighter below the tip and with acuminate petals. Watson describes the plants as about 8 inches high. 1 scldom find them over 6 inches high, 41 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 with the bulbs two inches of this underground. The leaves are at least }4 inch wide and thin but concave as in bisceptrum, but hardly half as wide as that species. In drying they seem filiform but they are not. The crests are not rightly drawn in Watson’s figure. They are double and flaring. e bulbs are globose-ovate and strongly apiculate, and from the base send out ding in bulblets. The long and filiform underground stems or runners ending 1 bulbs are white as in bisceptrum and %4 to 34 inch wide. The outer coat a forming reticulated coat. The outer bulb coats peel off easily and leave the white bulbs exposed. The plants grow either exposed or in the shade i The bulbs do not have innumerable coats as most bulbs re few. The bulbs of A. bisceptrum produce many bulblets around the base of the mother bulb and seldom have any long rootlets (underground stems) with bulbs on the ends, but each bulblet is attached to the mother by a fi i rt, that is the whole plant figured there, is the var. Diehlii and not a part of the real type from the Sierras. e var. Dielhlii is manifestly the parent species and the Sierra form an offshoot from it. But as Watson makes the Sierra form the t of his species we have to put Diehlii as a variety. It is a question whether we should put [’almeri as an extreme form of bisceptrum, which it really is, genetically. Prof. Cottam of Provo, Utah, sends me this spe- Grand Canon. flat leaves of bisceptrum and evid the ovary were conspicuous and double: the flowers a about 6 inches high. Echinocactus Sileri Eng. in Cont. Nat. Herb. 3 376 1896. The fact that Imann never published this species is evidence that he doubted its Britton and Rose, however, with no information about the plant but the specimen in the Missouri Botanic Garden, go to work and sensible way would have been t definite information about it. ical difference, the Rydbergian style. type locality twice and have hunted for the species but never yet found any o has my friend Ben Johnson of Salt Lake City, an enthusi- This plant in 1894 was common on the grade going up from St. George, Utah, to Diamond valley. In recent years it 1as been common slong the highway between St. George and the Indian 42 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 agency on the Santa Clara. Last year it had disappeared from this locality. ‘This year it grows by the acre on the drifting sands on the hill above Toquer- ville, Utah, 25 miles east of St. George. I also found it thriving in Canon Diablo, Arizona, near the meteoric crater. This extends its southern range about 200 miles. The type locality is the Moqui region, Arizona. It also grows at Moab, Utah. Dendromecon Piercei Jones is Hunnemannia fumariaefolia Sweet from Oaxaca, Mexico. To my mind the characters on which this genus depends are not good, and it must be relegated to Dendromecon as D. fumariaefolia (Sweet). would require the name to /ingatensis, just as I had written it. It is not, however, a matter of much consequence. Further notes on Echinospermum subdecumbens Parry. On a recent trip through northern Nevada, I saw from Wendover west to Wadsworth many plants, and every one I saw had either white or dirty white flowers. Vergin river. In 1894 I tried in vain to get Coville to adopt the proper spelling of this river and region. word “virgin” at all but from the name of a man, Vergin, who lived in the region in the sixties. CORRECTION TO CONTRIBUTIONS NO. 15. In the hurry to get this off the press, a few serious errors crept in. On page 94, beginning with “Lies on a mesa” to the end of the page should be at the top of the page. On page 124 the last two lines of the paragraph on Drymaria crassi- folia should follow Callitriche. nder Callitriche Mexicana the two lines under Drymaria crassifolia #re out of place and should immediately precede D. T epicana. oes Mimosa aspera. No. 22995, La Barrance. February . . In studying the Flora of Lower California and adjacent mainland one is struck with the amazing mixup of species. One would suppose that the 44% CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 They surely must be immigrants, brought in along the trails by Mexican travelers, but the reason why they persist is that they all belong to the same life zone, the Tropical, which prevails throughout to the very northern limits. i i ose del Cabo as in find the . the most extensive in No ‘“nown, and was known to botanists long before he was born, but never made much of because each species of plant and animal reacts differently to its environment according to its inherent vitality, its adaptability, and means of transportation. The scattering occurrence 0 species is evidently - matter of accidental transportation. The localization of other species is an evidence of their recent creation. There are more of these in Mexico than any other region that I know, and on genetic grounds it is to be expected. Ihere is no evidence of forced migration (glacial agencies) as is the case in the United States and Canada. uman agencies hav been ective for half a millenium, but only by the transportation of animals, and not machines, as now. CRITICISM. In a recent issue of the American Botanist, the editor in commenting on my Contributions No. 15 says, as he turns its pages, he fears what may come next. I am sorry that he has a guilty conscience. However he need not fear, for I don’t know anything about his magazine, but I do know that. most editors are cowardly pussyfoots, and there is no animal that I despise more than 2 coward. BOTANISTS W HOM I HAVE KNOWN. and one specially acquainted with the ferns. n very fine. I remember getting material of Astragalus Robbinsii from Smug- «ler’s Notch (the type locality) from him. He was also well versed in Carex. tn those days very few botanists bothered with Carex or the Then in the spring of 1882 I was at San Diego an Parry told me that he had just arrived, and he suggested that we form a party and go to Ensenada together, which we did. On that trip I saw much 44 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 15 cf him. He was then about 40 years old, some 10 years older than I. We had many pleasant visits around the camp fire on the trip. He told me he was of Quaker stock, was married and had separated from his wife because of inability to get along with her, and that this was the reason for his trips west. He was a very mild spoken man, with positive opinions which he never tried to impress on others. He was a very quiet man also. He had a young man along with him as helper, and had his own outfit for traveling, that is a team and wagon and horses. The first thing I noted was his antipa- thy to poor specimens of plants. He never would collect a specimen unless it was just right. We camped together but each party had his own outfit and got their own meals. Parry and I had Charley Orcutt as teamster and cook, a mart! boy of 19 years who knew a little more about everything than the mighty. In later years Pringle specialized on west-Mexican botany and discov- ered many new species of plants. . Pringle impressed me as a very conscientious man, absolutely on the square about everything. I have known men who knew him in Mexico, and at whose places he stayed while botanizing in those regions. He usually sought out the ministers (missionaries) of the regions, and stayed with them. ASA GRAY. It is not my intention to give a comprehensive review of Gray’s work, but rather my impressions of him as shown by correspondence through some twenty years. en in the early seventies I found it impossible to identify plants by the books, I wrote to Parry, who was the only botanist I knew of in Iowa, to rtain plants for me. I had never met Parry, but he was a self- ones to Gray, and certain others to Engelmann. In due time I got a report from Engelmann, who suggested that I consult William Boott for the Carices. Gray replied after a while, and informed me that Watson would report on the plants not named in Gray’s report. Thus began my acquaintance with Gray and Watson, neither of whom I ever saw personally. Gray always wrote in his chicken-track scrawl, which was almost as bad as my own. Enge n almost always wrote on postal cards in an impossi- ble scrawl, which consisted of a few wiggles at the beginning of a word and then tapered off to a line at the end. The only way it could be read was to take a run at it, a kind of hop-skip-and-jump, and then if you did not get 0 you had to start over and guess again. Watson’s writing was always egibie. ; When I began my systematic examination of the flora of Colorado in 1878 I had many plants to identify, and I divided them up among the three men. Engelmann always reported first, then Gray, and last Watson. Gray's reports were always to the point, and gave the latest information. He was always courteous. Once he made fun of me for naming Chenopodium 45 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 botrys Urtica urens. As the years rolled by, and the calls on his time became greater, and the infirmities of age became burdensome, his responses were liabie. death of both Gray and Watson. Then when Zoe began I also began to publish my views on new species. Greene, as everybody knows, became rabid in his hostility to Gray. y opinion of Gray is that in quantity of product he was the greatest botanist in America, but in quality of work he was inferior to Engelmann. He made some egregious mistakes, as we all do. For example, he described my specimens of Convolvulus pentapetaloides as Breweria minima. He made the genus Hemizonella out of species of Melampodium. Elihu Hall. He was, as I suppose, the Hall of Hall and Harbour, who collected the first sets of Colorado plants. I never met him ‘but got in cor- AG. CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOFANY NO. 16 respondence with him in the late seventies, and he sent me a set of his Texas plants. He was much interested in mosses and was ee anxious I should get him many mosses, in my various expeditions. His name often appears in the ae of mosses by Ausin. He was an indefatigable collector. tterson. He lived at Oquawka, Dlinois, and was the son of the an who: owned the Rocky Mountain News. Harry was a printer by profession and got out a check list of North American plants; he also printed my first labels, He was much interested in Colorado botany and made some collections around Gray’s peak. PARISH. Since the MS. of my last Contributions was written, another and next to the last of the old guard has slipped away into the unknown. S. B. Parish was a polished gentleman of the old school. If he ever had an n enemy no one- ever knew it. I never knew him to write but one caustic comment, and that was on the disreputable C. R. Orcutt, who also has passed away in Mexico recently. His name is intimately connected with the botany of southern Cali- fornia. He owned a ranch when I first met him in San Bernardino, and he used to take many trips out on the desert in all directions, and he discov- ered many new species of plants. He was a valued correspondent of mine for many years, which correspondence continued till his death. One of his last letters ssid. that “the hill became steeper and longer” every day —— bis home and the herbarium at Berkeley, for he died of old age. A grea aga befell him in the Berkeley fire a few years ago, when his home was urned, and with it all his botanical notes and a complete MS. of a book on eet flora of southern California. Parish and Mrs. Brandegee were the two most competent to write on the Flora of California, and both died without leaving anything to remain as a peaianeks monument of their life work. A. L. SILER. During the survey of the Grand Canon by the Government, Major Powell who was at the head of the survey, had his headquarters at Kanab, Utah. His sister, Mrs. Thompson, was an amateur botanist who collected quite a number of native plants and sent them to Dr. Gray for naming, among them being a few new species of plants. The gossip among the natives magnified her work into grotesque proportions, as all new things do. Living at Kanab was an old farmer who became interested, and who figured that he might make some money out of collecting native plants and sending them east and to Europe. He was — a kindly and ignorant old man, a Mor- mon and a polygamist. He wa: about seven feet tall, and as slim as a rail, and wore about a No. 14 “ioe He was awkward and Lanne but a real place called Ranch, where I visited him in 1890. He srectabiend on cactus, and sent his stuff to Engelmann for naming. He explored the rae slopes of the Grand Canon and got many interesting species. At Pipe Spring, 47 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Arizona, twenty miles to the west and on Cottonwood Creek, north of there, he found a cactus which Engelmann named Echinocactus ‘Sileri, Appar- ‘ eet poor, for the Romans would have called it Utavia. 1 hase made two visits to Pipe Spring to get this plant btu never saw it. Siler had a large family and one of his girls married one of ocal boys. This fellow turned out to be a scamp, and once made a remark about his wife that threw discredit on her. So one of Siler’s sons took it up and promptly shot his brother-in-law. This resulted in his being sent to the penitentiary at Salt Lake City. His father appealed to me to try to get him out. I put the facts before the Governor and the young man was released. However the incident left bad blood between the families, and finally the father of the man whom he shot se him. This rough and ready way of settling feuds gets results if noth- gelse. It is not to be assumed from this that the Mormons were dangerous peopl for I traveled among them for many years without ever having any : ohnson, a much higher grade man then Siler, also collected many plants ne discovered a number of new species. His hea adquarters were St. George, where he had a drug store. He also was a Mormon and a polyga- mist. ver met him, though he was still alive when I was in St. George first. Another of those early botanists was John Reading, who kept a green- house in Salt Lake City for many yea He was a very fine gentleman, He go = a Sedum which was named after ¥ Meeh:in. He also was a Mormon and a polygamist. WATSON. Sereno Watson. My acquaintance with Watson was the same as that and it is likely that my characterization of him will be biti but I had a better chance to learn of his capacity than any contempora botanist for the reason that I worked over the same field. We know little about his early training except tthat he was a college graduate. In the sixties Master of Arts by that college. The next we hear a walked barefoot into the camp of the U. S. geological survey and applied for the job of botanist to the expedition. This was the survey of the fortieth parallel under Clarence King, and the camp was in western Nevada. W. W. Bailey was the botanist of the expedition and was incapacitated by ill health, Watson coming in at the critical time, and without any recommendations, to replace him. Once in the early years someone asked Torrey where Watson CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 came from. Torrey pointed to the sky and said nothing. This seemed to be the universal opinion of him at Harvard. I should judge that he was a tall — dignified and self-contained and formal. His letters to me, which were any, were business-like and to the point and colorless. There never was the slightest degree of friendliness or the opposite a any of them. There was not the companionableness of Gray in any of then went minutely through his greatest work, the a of the 40th par- allel, and I found it the best ever published on American botany. It should be remembered that this was the first attempt to write an ecological botany of any region in this country. Though the subject of life zones was not known in those days, Watson’s resume gave all the details necessary for such a study. In his Death Valley report Coville made a clumsy attempt to copy this work, and without any sign of a recognition of where he got his informa- tion. I do not know the official title of —— at Harvard, but he was in fact an understudy of Gray through many y His name will always be mentioned in his three great ar the 40th aceel the Bibliographical Index, and the Botany of California. Watson seems to have done most of the work on the Synoptical F ie sateids of the Gamopetalae. Much of his time was taken up by describing and identifying the collections made in the west and in Mexico by various collectors, at a time when the most activity was on in botanical exploration. From time to che he got out synopses of genera and families. He died before his work was complete, died in the harness. In quantity of work he was inferior only to Gray. His judgment was mostly sound on — eee limitations. His geratest defect was a penchant for short descr. began this article on ras whom I have known, more as reminis- cences of t the dead, but it has become = comprehensiv e, and puts me in the position of omitting important names. Cusick was one of our best collectors. He was a most lovable ate a school teacher at Union, Oregon, soldier of the Rebellion suit an invalid. His name is the most Sete of any in the botany of California. He was suspicious of all other botanists and hard to do anything with. Then there was Dr. C. L. Anderson of Santa Cruz, who had moved from Carson City, Nevada, whose name is often men- tioned by Watson. There were Mrs. Austin and Mrs. Ames of the Sierras, Dr. Behr, were the argonauts who helped to found the Academy of Science. Dr. Kellogg was red- headed and small, a good artist whose later ycars were botanists whom I never met, but they do not come iaider my view here. 49 CONTRIBUTIONS TQ WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Theer remain now nothing but riff-raff to name, aks as Sctheae and: ©. ©. Parry, who were two of the worst grafters; Charley Orcutt, who had much _ talent, but was petted by Cleveland so much that he swelled up like a toad and—burst. Cleveland was a fine gentleman who specialized on the ferns. THE “PUSH” AS PEONIZERS. Some time after putting out my Contributions No. 15 I got the follow- ing letter from a well known publisher, whose name I omit for evident rea- sons: “Our state botanist informs me that you have issued a very — publication called Contribution No. 15. The one referred to is d with certain observations on botanical methods. Greene once wrote a broch but he was dissuaded from publishing it. L from an editor asking whether it was policy to let Aven N pages in which to describe some new species. Well, let me have No. 1 soon as convenient.” That there has always been an attempt to suppress undesirable botanical raiblise ei) is manifest to anyone who thinks. That the suppression of such things i is desirable to the “Push,” at least, is also self-evident. But the ques-' friction between up institutional jealousy, which now is rampan this spirit came when I read Gray’s rasping wad deserved attack on Buckley tor deliberately proposing his own names for new specs} in ee herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy of Science in place of the uscript names _ of Nuttall, the discoverer of the species. All older Paiste know that money was not available to Nuttall to publish his new species and genera, and for this reason Gray felt that Nuttall had the first right to name his own species, which names should be conserved. In the Flora of North America — by Torrey and Gray they carried this out to the limit. But the publications even of Nutta 2S. names without his sanction angered him, and his corre- y shows it unmastakably. Gray by the sheer force of his d most men into silence. Then as the years Along in the eighties there bee to come up systematists who new names. e most had spent their time and money in exploring the great west. active of these men were Brandegee, Kellogg, Parish, Cusick, Greene and myself. We were all content at first to send our specimens to Gray for nam- ing. And we were the men who built up the Gray Herbarium. «Gray would 50 CON TRIBUFIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 farm out the material to Watson, Engelmann, Boott, and possibly some oth- ers, but he still held the strings on us all. ‘Then Greene and I soon began to publish our own species, for we felt (rightly) that we knew more about the western flora than Gray did. Gray at once rebelled and tried to shut us off from publication by writing to Coulter (Botanical Gazette ), and the Torrey Bulletin and demanding that they do not publish any species by anyone till the proposed species had his approval. ‘This led to the refusal of those journals te publish our species till we had Gray’s permission. And later on they published an agreement to that effect, or substantially to that effect. I have in my possession a letter from W. R. Gerard, editor of the Torrey Bul- letin, informing me of the fact. My reply to him was that I considered his aetion as pusillanimous, but that I would follow his instructions if I ever offered any more MS. to him for publication—and J never have offered any MS. to the T% orrey Bulletin since. After Gray and Watson died there sprang up a number of botanical pee which failed to heed the compact to | submit to Harvard new species; among them was Zoe published by the Brandegees. The editors of this journal | requested articles from me, and for some years } printed all my new species in that journal. Later on, when my articles got bigger, I felt that it Mea not be convenient for me to have them split up in various issues, and so I became my own publisher. ‘There never that it would be better for me to become in fact a free lance, for I felt that soon or late I would come in conflict with the “Push.” 1 have always felt the highest respect for the talent of Gray and Watson, but I also felt that there was no room for czars in American Botany. Robinson has kept up the old tradition about Harvard, and deserved our support, and I consider the continuation of the Synoptical flora by gee . a fine piece of work, however much I disagree with parts of it. So far as I am concerned there never has been any attempt on the part of had o none ce my Agen tases since the death of Gray, and any attempt would have been met at once with a rasping refusal. But there has been in sather way an F aetast to gobble botanical work by subsidizing workers under the direction of the Bronx. No er exeuse cam be given for the production of Small’s flora of the southern states, Rydberg’s second flora of Colorado, and Abram’ s second edition of the flora of Los Angeles. Some years ago I received a request to furnish botanical articles for the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washing- ton. This request came from the editor. My reply was that I would do so if there was no attempt to dictate to me on the subject of nomenclature, for I eee; submit to ne dictation in the matter. The reply was that they followed the “American Code” and would expect all articles to follow it. I have never submitted any articles. Whether the “Push” still tries to control American botany I do not know, and I do not care. But one would think that there is still an undercurrent in that direction. Since the advent of res in the Department of Botany of the Agricultural Department at ington, there has been a steady reduction in the efficiency of the pub- 51 CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 — till the recent publication of Tidestrom’s Flora of Utah and Nevada, nich is a scream. i become a contemptible lick-spittle. And if this is still de the quicker we clean the cowards all out the better it will be for American manh Every- nks of education ieee | is ts tendency to demand implicit obedience to superiors. Institution after institution has had a revolt of the Bee gcse es domination. In Salt Lake six the leading professors pulled out from the domination of the Mormon in the affairs of the state ae Stanford also had its defection, ad many other schools. The explanation of this attempt to dominate scientific men is only an ilestation: = the age-old fact that all society is run by half-wits. I never have belonged to any society or organization that did not in time come under the domination of such people. [he reason is that t good men will not fight gare for any good thing. After a while they get tired of strife, and © they pull out and let the half wits run things into the ground. Theology is a vag ees example of the domination of the half-wits. If one Sala look back a very short time he would find that this great government was started by men tired of the pS of half-wits. For this reason and others like it I insist on doing my own thinking, and I tell those who would dominate me to go to the devil. No asi t it would be a good thing if we ould ef es all the ag eb stuff that is —_— but the wees of a censor is the e/ n Government was founded on free ch. Now, at this =n ge, Thee we are se supposed to have sega a little sense, this reverson = what caused the i of this girs seems particularly stupid. remarks are not m o the large number of good men who are sine with the Gacamiees departments who are disgusted with the peonizing iendency as I am, but wh various reasons are not heard from in proportion to the din raised by the nuts. But I want to make it certain that whatever hue and cry may be raised by the half-wits we in the west are not perturbed, and at least think we still know black from white, and propose to rasp the half-wits wherever we think they need it. In 1897, when I was visiting the Bronx, Britton took me out to lunch and during the course of conversation said that he did a like to be made fun of. I never thought that either he or Rvdberg liked it, and my criticisms of them were not written to please them Talw ays felt that to get under the domination of Britton meant to become ‘peonized. just as Rose later became, and I never hankered for that kind of slavery. I much prefer to pay my .own bills and art BE fONTRIBULTTONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 Shap my fingers in the face of the bosses. Of course the cowardly pussyfoots throw up their hands in horror at any baiting of the “Push.” Who cares: means on this country the so-called American code. ‘Lhis code has some good features, but is fatally aes in others. I faver priority of varietal nam I emphatically oppose ““Once a synonym always a synony I oppose eautilont names and never shall use them, sich as oo stragalinus, se the required descriptions being in Latin, for the reason that English is fois) the world language. It would not discomode me to puxsish for a professorship in Latin and never thought ~ being anything else. favor correcting improperly made names without taking them away from the author. Such as es trichopes Torrey, which should be trichopodum, the proper Greek term. I freely admit that u uniformity is desirable. I oppose recognition I all genera printed without species, unless they were provided later on with species, such as the Adansonian genera. Exceptions should be made whenever they will aid stability. But as we know the whole burden of Nomenclature change today is propaganda. Attempts to get us I think that the payers of this nation should put an immediate end back to the effete European to all attempts to peonize Aes I am convinced that there is more of it uow than there was in 1894, and there was plenty of it then. Officialdom in Washington right now needs a drastic housecleaning, and the men see think they own the Government should be turned out to grass where the other jack- asses are. I am not making any wild guesses when I write this, for I was for 40 years intimately connected with the Department of Justice, the Agri- tur epartment and Geological Survey in various ways. One exam- ple out of the many I could relate as personally known to me is the Coal Fraud cases. I was one of the two chief experts in the cases tried some 15 years ago in Salt Lake City, involving millions of dollars in value of coal laids stolen from the Government by the railroads. After my testimony was all in the railroads begged for a continuance, ~ad at the end of the period came in with a compromise with the Government of all cases. It is a curi- demand a showdown and reforms to secure a a tinereacing for I think I could make the fur fly. The right of self-expression is an inalienable one in an American citizen, for it was this —_ caused the Pilgrim fathers te migrate to America and found this nation 33 - CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY NO. 16 As to whether there is any disposition now on the part of Government officials to inflict silence on the part of employees below them so that they will not dare to tell any truth or express any opinion about the pri me of serve. To me the most infamous sin is that of trying to oe the right to individual expression. We find this tendency everywhere; i essential to the dominence of the half-wits. It often hurts to have our Suniaiiies coed. - and it pleases to have them glossed — but the end is always bad. Even ‘ “ best of men often slop through work that they should do well. If we re always brought up with a short halter it would be far better for scien- — tife research. There is always too much of a tendency to worship our fore- ars, and to do homage to dignified people, when in fact dignified a aa - are always ignoramuses. This is the cloak they put on to hide 2g Interested parties might speak of this slur on a Government attorney that I hase made above, as taking an unfair advantage of a perfectly legiti- to dicredit But certain things in By intercourse with that attorney led me to feel sure - that if he could have bribed me he would have done it in the case in point. In addition to his utter incompetence to handle the case was evident to all throughout and had not the opposing attorneys tried to discredit the Govern- “ ment witnesses the a of the Government would have fallen flat. But they were not wise enough to let the witnesses alone and se brought out the facts that definitely ee ‘ railroads and compelled a settlement rather than to send the experts of the railroads to jail for perjury, and attempted bribery, and the stealing of public documents from the Government archives. In “Desert“ I have written of Dr. Engelmann.