CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY.

SUING B's cae

BY MARCUS E. JONES.

ZOE, Vol. 3, No. 4. January, 1893.

EX LIBRIS
JOSEPH EWAN

[Reprint from Zoe, Vol. I], January, 1893. ]
CONTRIBUTIONS TO WESTERN BOTANY. No. 3.
BY MARCUS E. JONES.

CAULANTHUS CRASSICAULIS Watson, is. perennial. The four
stamens are declined and close pressed to the lower petals, and the
two others are as tightly pressed to the upper petals, after the fashion
of the Labiate stamens. This grows in loose soil in alkaline valleys
as well as in better-drained localities with little alkali. It blooms
mostly in the month of May, and is common in Western Utah as
well as in Nevada.

STANLEYA VIRIDIFLORA Nutt. The very imperfect description
of the type in Coulter’s Manual, King’s Report, and the better one
in the Flora of North America, Torrey and Gray, make it uncertain
whether this plant is a new species or not. The salient points of the
type are the simple stem, erect and glabrous, leaves cuneate-obovate
(“obovate or lanceolate,” Watson in King’s Rep.), entire or few
toothed at base of stem, upper ones rapidly reduced so that the up-
per stem is nearly naked, entire (‘‘ lanceolate, sessile, clasping,” Wat.
son |. c.); raceme long and crowded with flowers, which are greenish
yellow, with linear sepals and petals, anthers very long and linear,
pedicels % inch long, stipe an inch (‘‘ %4 inch,’”’ Watson 1. c.); long
and narrow torulose pod. Said by Nuttall to grow on shelving hills,
and apparently by Watson in valleys.

plants, of which I have a large suite gathered at different
places, and which I carefully studied as they grew, are short-lived
pefennials (3 years old at least), with stems all ridged and more or
less winged throughout, the wings sometimes about a line high;
leaves lanceolate, barely acute and entire, but with two rounded
lobes at the truncate base, root leaves pseudo-petioled and wing
margined, as also the lower stem leaves, 6 to 12 inches long and 34
inch wide, thick, leathery, and light green, smelling like cabbage,

284 Contributions to Western Botany. [ZOE

stem leaves rapidly reduced upwards, sessile, apparently (but not)
clasping, uppermost ovate to sagittate, or hastate, acuminate, the
rounded or almost acute lobes 3 to 4 lines long, petioles of root leaves
grooved; spikes sessile and in the fully developed plants many
branched; the central branch long, 1 to 2 feet, densely flowered;
sepals in the bud greenish yellow, after anthesis purple (usually) and
reflexed, linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, concave, almost hooded; blade
of petals crumpled crosswise, edges jagged, linear, % line wide, yel-
lowish green, inconspicuous, 4 to 6 lines long, and thin, claw thick,
fleshy, triangular subulate, 6 lines long and a line wide at the sac-
cate base, glabrous, whole petal just equaling the filiform filament,
which is round, glabrous, and scarcely enlarged at base, anther
loosely coiled 21% lines long, obtuse, narrowly linear, fixed by the
very base and one-sided; pedicels in flower 2 lines long ascending
- and in fruit 4 lines long and horizontal; pods drooping, 2 to 3 inches
long, stipe 8 to 10 lines long, septum less than ¥% line wide. It grows
among pinons and cedars on gravelly southern slopes of hills at
6,500 to 7,000 feet altitude in the Schell Creek and Sprucemont
Ranges, Nevada, and flowers about July 15 to August 15. The
greenish yellow sepals are rather conspicuous. Itisnot very common.
It differs from the type so far as the descriptions go in the winged
stems, branching habit, crumpled petals, auricled or hastate upper
leaves, and longer pendent pods. But it may be that these charac-
ters were overlooked in the type. Should this plant prove to be dis-
tinct it may bear the name of Sfan/eya collina.

LEPIDIUM HETEROPHYLLUM. I propose this name for the Z.
montanum var. alpium, Watson, King’s Rep. and ZL. integrifolium
var. heterophyllum, Wat. Am. Nat., Ix, 268. I fail to see anything
warranting the connection of this shrubby based, cliff-growing, de-
cumbent, high altitude plant with ZL. montanum or the alkali-loving
L. integrifolium of the valleys. It reaches an altitude of nearly
g,000 feet in the Wasatch and shows no gradation into either species
either in habitat or character so far as I know.

POLYGALA ACANTHOCLADA Gray. It may be of interest to give
the characters of the flowers of this plant as they are in nature and
not in dried specimens: Green parts of calyx 3, ovate, barely acute,
1 line long, the two upper (this is as the flower appears on the plant
with the keel uppermost) close together, lower one alone, the two

VOL. 1f.] Contributions to Western Botany. 285

petal- like ones obovate-oblong, widely spreading, cucullate, barely
acute, 2 lines long, ascending, white; keel truncate, 114 lines long,
t line wide, broadly obovate, greenish; banner oblong-linear, ex-
panded at end and rhomboidal, erose and notched, greenish, tip .
purple with veins running down ¥% line, 2 lines long in all. The kee}
has an oblong orifice with the lips turned back at more than a right
angle; stigma truncate or club shaped and included in the hood; pod
oblong ovate, 21% lines long and 1% wide, deeply notched. The
plant is a shrub 1 to 3 feet high, with gray bark and stems often an
inch thick, widely and rather intricately branched and spiny. Grav-
elly hillsides in dry places. I have collected it at Lee’s Ferry on the
Colorado River near Southeast Utah, and found it common in West-
ern Utah and Eastern Nevada.

VioLa Beckwitutl Torr. The description of this plant in King’ s
Rep. is inaccurate, but the figure, etc., in Beckwith’s Rep. are bet-
ter. The following are the characters os our plant as it grows here;
it is locally abundant. Stigma cuneate and truncate, glabrous, petals
also glabrous, 2 upper ones dark purple, the rest white with a yellow
claw and purple veined, lower petals broad, truncate or emarginate,
flowers rather large; sepals linear oblong, spur not over a line long;
pubescence minute and dense; leaves 3-divided, divisions petiolulate,
lateral ones 3 to 6 lines long, terminal ones 6 to 12 lines long, lobed
or cleft into many linear or oblong segments.

LUPINUS SULPHUREUS Douglas. This little known plant I dis-
covered growing abundantly in Eastern Nevada, and I think it is
quite probable that it will be found to be nearer Z. sericeus than has
been supposed. My notes on the flowers were taken as they grew.
When the flowers are just opening they are white with a yellow streak
in the middle of the banner, which is also flecked with 4 or 5 small
purple spots; the whole flower soon turns yellow, the middle of the
banner deeply so. The calyx is long-spurred, spur and all but the
tip of the upper part of the calyx white and streaked with blue, the
lower part of the calyx and tips green. It grows 1 to 2 feet high, in
clumps from a hard woody root, on gravelly slopes, flowering in

une. I have a very few specimens with a suspicion of blue on the
banner.

PSORALEA CASTOREA Watson. As I suggested in a previous
note (No. 2) this includes P. mephitica Watson. A careful compari-

286 Contributions to Western Botany. [ZOE
$

son of my many specimens from Southern and also Eastern Utah and
Colorado shows that the distinctions relied upon by Watson to sep-
arate the two species are valueless, while the ‘‘ mephitic” odor was
doubtless due to the animal rather than the vegetable kingdom
The following characters will fit my suites of specimens. oe ves
1¥% inches long, from rhomboidal obovate to spatulate, acute, apicu-
late or retuse; stipules persistent or caducous, the larger ones 1 inch
long, ovate, obtuse, and persistent, the smaller ones % inch long,
ovate-lanceolate, abruptly contracted into a long acumination and
caducous; stems none to 4 inches long; petioles 2 to 6 inches long;
peduncles shorter than the leaves; bracts ovate, scarious, obtuse to
abruptly contracted and with a long acumination, equaling the sca-
rious, inflated calyx and blue and white petals; calyx lobes linear to

the middle and long villous above it; roots very deep and apparently
tuberous, but really woody and all connected underground; whole
plant densely pubescent, with short or long hairs, upper side of
leaves less so or glabrous. Grows in patches either in sandy places
or on rocky slopes in dry places; flowers in May

AsTRAGALUS. Doubtless many have had much difficulty in de-
termining species in this genus from the flowers alone; at least I
have found it exasperatingly so, and, as the pods are often not
to be had when the flowers are seen, and as the flowers have been
almost ignored, | began some years ago to study the flowers with
a view to determine if they had any specific value, and with good
results; how good cannot yet be determined fully.

I find that the arching of the banner and its shape are valuable,
the shape of the sulcus in the banner, the shape of the white spot
on the banner in a general way, and the backward folding of the
sides of the banner are valuable; the shape and length, as well as
the position of the wings, are valuable. ten the wings are con-
cave to the keel or flat, horizontal, or arched upwards, connivent
over the keel or with the blade edgewise to it, and so like the out-
spread wings of insects. The shape of the keel, its arching and
tip, are also of value in separating species. I find little or no diffi-
culty in separating species by these characters in conjunction with
the leaves. Whether they are of value in making sections I doubt,

VOL. 11.] Contributions to Western Botany. 287

but they are good in making smaller divisions, where now we have
considerable difficulty. I hope Californian and Northern botanists
will report on these things with their species. It is necessary to
take the notes on flowers when they are growing, and as soon as
they are fully opened, before they have assumed a false position of
banner or wings. The following are my notes on living flowers,
with descriptions of some new species, following the order of Watson
in King’s Rep. in a general way:—

ASTRAGALUS bIPHysuSs Gray. Banner broadest at base, sides
slightly reflexed at the top, not at all at base; white spot broadly
cuneate and very slightly notched at top. It comes within a line of
the tip of the banner. The banner is ascending less than 30°, sulcus
V shaped. The calyx is cleft on the upper side, acute at base, and
the lobes are unequal, the lower the longer.

ASTRAGALUS DiIpHysus Gray var. LATUS. Like the type but the
leaflets 3 to 5 lines long, 6 to 8 pairs, ovate or obovate to oval,
-obtuse to emarginate; calyx teeth shorter and broader, 1 line long,
the tube 3 lines long; pod oval, straight, abruptly acute, completely
2 celled, rather deeply sulcate both dorsally and ventrally. hole
plant glabrous even to the pods, subdecumbent; lower stems en-
during from year to year, many stemmed from a deep, thick, woody
root, stems spreading more or less underground. The flowers are
purple from a light-colored base, 6 lines long, and the cross section
of the pod is nearly two circles, joined at the side. Schell Creek
Range, Nevada, May, on the hillsides.

ASTRAGALUS BECKWITH Torrey. Flowers cream white, never
purple; banner almost erect, deeply notched, sides not at all re-
flexed, except at a point opposite the tip of the keel, where it is
turned back for a space of 2 lines long, and at a point near the tip,
and so is fiddle shaped, water lined. The sulcus in the upper part
is broadly V shaped, but in the lower part of the banner it is almost
circular, making the base of the erect part of the banner very convex
on the outside, and narrowed at its insertion into the enlarged club-
shaped lower part, and this narrows as it enters the calyx; banner
4 lines wide and 6 lines long above the calyx; wings obliquely ob-
lanceolate, narrowed at the tip and nearly acute, 2 lines wide, nearly
straight, 3 lines longer than the keel; keel long and narrow, slightly
incurved, faintly purple veined at tip; leaflets generally emarginate;

288 Contributions to Western Botany. [ZOE

pods without mucilaginous matter. This is quite common from the
Wasatch Mountains’ to the western side of the Fish Spring Moun-
tains, in Western Utah. West of there it is replaced by the next.
It grows on gravelly hillsides. Pods purple spotted, thin and acute
at each end.

ASTRAGALUS BECKWITHII Torrey var. PURPUREUS. This plant,
though it has all the marks of a good species, I do not feel like de-
scribing as such till one or two things can be settled about it. Ban-
ner purple, fiddle shaped, notched at top and broad at base, arched
to nearly 90° and abruptly, white spot fan shaped and streaked
deeply (to the base on the sides) with purple; sulcus ¥{ circle, ex-
cept at the base, where it is semicircular, fusiform longitudinally;
the purple streaks on the white spot are united at the base of the
sulcus into a purple ring; the banner is bent at a point 2 lines be-
yond the calyx teeth; wings obliquely ovate, rounded and obtuse at
the apex, white from the tip to the keel and purplish beyond, up-
wardly curved, 2 lines wide, 2 lines longer than keel; keel purple
and very dark at tip, incurved 100° to base, blunt. Whole flower
curved upwards, purple and never yellowish except when old. The
other characters are leaflets 6 to 12 pairs, inclined to be diamond
shaped, 6 lines or less long and over % as wide, rounded, truncate
or retuse; stems ascending, angled as well as petioles and pe-
duncles; flowers 6 to 10, at first in a head but lengthening to 1 to 2
inches; penduncles shorter than the leaves; calyx as in the type,
yellowish but with nigrescent hairs, tube 2 lines by 1%; teeth 1
line more, subulate from a broad base, almost black; calyx spread-
ing in flower and reflexed in fruit, but the stipe (equaling the teeth)
bent upwards so that the pod is nearly vertical; pod acuminate at
each end, inwardly curved ventrally, so as to make % to % the arc
of a circle, 144 to 1 inch long, dorsal sulcus intruded % line, sulcate
dorsally always at base, but not in the upper half when pod is much
curved; when nearly straight and only acute at base and apex
(which occasionally occurs) the pod is deeply sulcate, finely cor-
rugated, cartilaginous, filled with a mucilaginous pulp when imma-
ture; seeds flattish, nearly round, with a prominent hilum, 1 line
wide. Fully mature pods are usually obcompressed so as to be
flat, while at the ventral suture they are compressed, making the
cross section T shaped, usually purple spotted. This differs from

VOL., 111. ] Contributions to Western Botany. 289

the type in the purple flowers, keel 4 broader, longer pod, which
is cartilaginous and so thicker, pulpy pod, while the type has a thin
and almost transparent pod, without pulp when young. If this
latter point holds good in all cases, it is a gocd species. It is at
once distinguishable from the type-everywhere, and never has been
found: east of the Deep Creek Mountains in the western edge of
Utah.

ASTRAGALUS CANADENSIS L. and A. Morton: Nutt. have the
following characters in common: Flowers in dense spikes, horizontal;
calyx white, flattened, somewhat gibbous, hairy, tips broadly trian-
gular and tufted with hairs, short; banner arched in a wide arc,
sides reflexed, at tip the most, very little elsewhere; sulcus trian-
gular and acute at tip of banner, rounded at base of banner; banner
equaling the keel, ochroleucous; wings ascending and narrow, ex-
posing both the tip and base of keel, obtuse, a line longer than keel.

ASTRAGALUS CANADENSIS has calyx decidedly notched on the
upper side; bracts subulate, short; wings linear but slightly wider
at blunt tip; keel little incurved; leaves in about 13 pairs and in-
clined to be lanceolate; spikes not denser fruited than in the other
species. The keels of both species are veined.

ASTRAGALUS MortToni Nutt. Calyx teeth not unequal; wings
oblong-lanceolate, 114 lines wide at base; keel purple tipped, arched
to % of a circle; bracts ovate to lanceolate, 1 to 2 lines long; leaves
inclined to be oblong and much smaller than in Canadensis; flowers
in a closer and shorter head. Pods pubescent and densely aggre-
gated, ascending as in the other species.

A. Canadensis was just coming into bloom at Grinnell, Iowa, on
August 16, 1892, at 1,000 feet altitude, while 4. A/ortoni was well in
bioom at Muncy, Eastern Nevada, on Julv 6, oe at 6,000 feet
altitude. -

ASTRAGALUS DODGIANUS, n. sp. Many stemmed from a woody

oot; stems very slender, flexuous, branching from the base, 6 to
24 inches long; stipules sheathing at the base, membranous and
barely pointed, upper ones connate at base and very broadly trian-
gular; whole plant except the glabrous pods minutely and sparsely
pubescent; leaves 1 to 2 inches, with proper petiole % an inch;
rachis leaf-like; leaflets 4 to 5 pairs, narrowly elliptical to linear, 2

290 Contributions to Western Botany. [ZOE

to 4 lines long; peduncles 3 to 8 inches long, with racemose, scat-
tered flowers on the upper half; flowers very small, erect to hori-
zontal; calyx nigrescent, less than a line long; campanulate, triangu-
lar teeth a line long; calyx acute at base, on a pedicel % a line

long, subtended by a triangular bract 1 line long; corolla arched;
the very blunt, much incurved, and rounded, purple-tipped keel
surpassing the calyx tips less than a line; wings oblong, entire,

about a line longer than keel, ascending, flat to keel; banner ab-
ruptly bent at calyx tips to a right angle, 2 lines longer than keel,
broad, deeply notched, white or light pink; pods ascending to pen-
dulous, knear-oblong, dorsal suture straight,- ventral slightly
curved, minutely stipitate, flat and vetch-like, abruptly acute or —
apiculate, membranous, reticulated, with no trace of a dorsal intrud-

ay
son’s Springs, Eastern Utah, on ble slopes, rare. Named for
Col. D. C. Dodge

ASTRAGALUS IBAPENSIS, n. sp. Allied to 4. Robbinsiz, var. ocet-
dentalis apparently, but leaves seemingly quite different, and pod
also. (?) The description of Watson’s variety is very meager and
gives almost no leaf or floral characters. This plant is very slender;
stems ascending from a deep, erect and slender perennial root; leaf-
lets 1 to 7, elliptical to linear, lower obtuse, the upper acute, all but
the terminal ones 2 to 6 lines long, the terminal one twice as long
as the others; upper leaves with one long, linear leaflet, acute at
each end, 1 to 1% inches long, 1 line wide, gradually tapering into
the rachis or petiole, which is 6 lines long and not jointed to it, oc-
casionally with a single falcate, very acute, linear leaflet at base;
stipules ovate to broadly triangular and mostly connate, usually
acute; very slender stems grooved; whole plant minutely strigose
pubescent, even to the pods, which are more densely so and not
black hairy; penduncles slender, racemosely arranged on stems, I to
2 inches long; flowers white, 1 to 3, at the top of peduncle;
spreading pedicels a line long and with an ovate bract at base, ap- »
parent reflexed in fruit; calyx shortly campanulate, a line long and
as broad; teeth triangular, % line long; corolla 3 lines longer than
calyx and teeth; banner very broad, abruptly arched at tip of teeth

VOL. 1. | Contributions to Western Botany. 291

to a right angle, erect part 1% lines long; keel surpassing calyx

teeth 1% lines, incurved with the end straight, blunt, purple tipped;
wings barely equaling the keel; pod oblong-linear, very shortly
stipitate, 6 lines long, 1% lines wide, abruptly acute, both sutures
prominent, flattened, apparently 1 celled, ventral suture arched,
dorsal straight.

June 23, 1891, Deep Creek Mountains, Western Utah, at 5,500
feet altitude, among brush. The arching of the ventral suture of
the above two species would suggest A. Rodédinsii, as that feature is
very rare in Western plants, but the racemosely arranged esi
peduncles and upper simple leaves are quite peculiar.

ASTRAGALUS BiIGELoviI Gray. This in its flower is allied to
the A. eriocarpus group along with A. amphioxys, and apparently
should include the 4. AfZathewsiz Watson if there are no other good
characters than those given by Watson. Banner arched 80° in a
gentle curve, sides reflexed from calyx to tip 100°, the folded part
being 1% lines wide at base and gradually reduced upwards so that
the outline of the banner as one looks at it is oblong with straight
sides and an enlargement at the base; sulcus a line deep and %4
wide, broadly V shaped and continuous to the apex of banner,
white spot occupying the whole of the sulcus and to within a line
of the top of banner, narrowly oblong, emarginate, purple tinged
below; base of banner, sides and tip rose purple, darker at the
base; wings linear, 34 line wide, with a little lobelet on upper side
near the base, obtuse, %4 line longer than keel, ascending 30°, dark
rose purple at base and the upper two lines white, nearly flat with .
the tips slightly incurved and so not quite vertical; keel dark purple-
tipped, blunt and moderately incurved; banner rising 4 lines beyond
the}tip of keel, in all 5 lines longer than tip of calyx lobes; calyx
- pink, a little inflated, narrower with age and white, somewhat flat-
tened, gibbous, ascending 45°; bracts 3 lines long and green.

Taken from specimens gathered at Rincon, New Mexico, April
15, 1892. It is also abundant in Eastern Utah.

ASTRAGALUS GLAREOSUS Douglas. The plants which I have
hitherto distributed as 4. glireosus are A. Chameleuce Gray, while
this plant occurs sparingly throughout the Great Basin region of
Utah, and is credited to Southern Idaho, and by Coulter to Wyo-
ming also. I have hitherto considered it as 4. Chameleuce but it

292 Contributions to Western Botany. [ZOE

is clearly not that plant, and differs from g/areosus in having a 2-
celled pod that is 1 celled at apex only, the flowers also are cream
white, and not ‘‘blue,’’ indistinctly purple veined. Pods long, 1 to 2
inches, acuminate, lanceolate, fleshy when green, much compressed,
2 celled by the intrusion of the dorsal sulcus, long-appressed hairy,
often su!cate both dorsally and ventrally, dorsal sulcus very deep;
banner extending 4 lines beyond the calyx teeth, slightly and gently
arched, notched, sides reflexed at base only, 2 lines longer than the
blunt, incurved and purple-tipped keel; sulcus deep, semi-cylindric,
wings linear, a little longer than the keel, horizontal at tip; calyx cylin-
* drical, 5 lines long; teeth subulate, a line long or more, nigrescent
peduncles 2 inches long, shorter than the leaves and prostrate in-
fruit except in the shade, leaflets narrowly lanceolate to narrowly
oval, 3 to 5 lines long and 1 to 2 wide; whole plant coarsely silky
pubescent with appressed hairs; stemless, not at all woolly. It
grows under sagebrush in the valleys or lower hillsides and is quite
distinct from any other species that I know. It flowers early in May.

ASTRAGALUS UTraHENsIS, T. & G. Though it is difficult to al-
‘ways separate this from A. ertocarpus, and less so from A. Purshii
in the herbarium, yet it is not at all so in the field, since A.
ertocarpus flowers at least a month earlier than 4. U~ahensis and is

out of bloom before the other blooms. 4. Purshii blooms as early
or earlier than A. eriocarpus and is a high altitude plant, 7. ¢., does
not grow in the valleys, the home of the other two species, though
the latter sometimes go up to 7,000 feet altitude. In A. Purshii the
pubescence of the leaves is quite different, while the matted habit
.and narrow leaves and short woolly pods distinguish it at all times.
It would certainly be considered a hybrid from the other two if they
grew together with it but they never do.

In A. Utahensts the banner is oval as one looks at it in the flower,
rather deeply notched, white spot broadly cuneate, tridentate or
with a single acuminate tooth from the center of the rounded or
truncate apex, sides of white spot beautifully veined with narrow
nearly parallel purple lines running down to the base; banner bril-
liant pink purple; wings linear, 2% lines longer than keel, slightly
enlarged at tip, rounded or almost truncate, straight, purple through-
out; tip of keel dark purple. This is one of the handsomest flowers
in the West, but though very common in Central Utah seems to be-
come less so westward.

VOL. 111.] Contributions to Western Botany. 293

ASTRAGALUS ERIOCARPUS Watson. Flowers brilliant pink pur-
ple, and closely resembling those of the above, but sides of banner
not at all reflexed, either notched % a line deep or not at all, as-
cending 45° or less; white spot almost obliterated by rather broad,
palmate, purple veins, which are united into a solid purple spot at
base; sulcus in banner semi-cylindric; wings a line longer than keel.
Deep purple tipped, obtuse, scarcely broadened at base, a little nar-
rowed at apex; keel dark purple, scarcely incurved, very blunt;
flowers nearly as large as in Ufahensis, but fewer. It is abundant
in the valleys, but not in alkaline soil.

ASTRAGALUS AMPHIOXYS Gray. This plant has no characters
that I do not find in A. Shortianus, except the pubescence of the
calyx, which in the former is appressed and silky or strigose, and
in the latter is spreading and loose. The shape of the pods, that
both Gray and Watson had to abandon in regard to A. cyaneus, is
equally valueless in the new species created. There may be a char-
acter in the flowers to keep up the species, as well as the pubescence.
I have not studied A. Shortianus-in flower as I have the present
species. I have never seen any true 4. Shortianus in Utah or
Western Colorado, all the plants belonging to 4. amphioxys, which
is very common. The usual form has the banner of the flower
ascending remotely from the calyx, which gives the flower a slender,
long look, but there are forms with a short corolla. There are also
three forms of pod. One is the typical pod, as described by Gray,
not fleshy to any extent. Another has a shorter pod, which is less
acute at apex, often small, and rather blunt at base. The other has
a very fleshy pod, which, on drying, becomes wrinkled with promi-
nent sutures and intermediate in form. While all these forms run
together, and have no floral character that is constant, so far as I
have seen, they all, without exception, have the appressed pubes-
cence of calyx. The floral peculiarities are brilliant pink purple
flowers; banner with sides reflexed 10° to 60°, or even more. When
little reflexed the outline is oval, when much it is oblong or tapering
upward, ascending; sulcus 3 lines broad and very shallow, only
concave, 4 lines long, white spot truncate and often deeply notched,
oblong or broadly cuneate, ragged on the upper end, with little
purple veinlets, stippled with fine purple spots; banner darkest near
the white spot, lLghter on the edge; wings linear to oblong lanceo-

294 Contributions to. Western Botany. [ ZOE

late, rounded, obtuse, oblique, ascending, concave to keel, nearly
horizontal and connivent over the keel, forming an arch over it, 2
lines wide and ¥% a line longer than keel, purple; keel all purple.
One form has banner 5 lines long, short; calyx 3 lines long, and
teeth 1% lines long; pods hoary, and whole plant densely silky.
Another form has fleshy pods, less hairy; calyx 4 lines and teeth 1
line long; keel rounded, % narrower than the above; flowers 8 lines
long. This plant is instantly recognized by the arched and conni-
vent wings and stippled white spot.

ASTRAGALUS CHAMALEUCE Gray. (Distributed by me as A.
glareosus, but not in my sets.) Flowers 1 inch long, pink purple,
few; banner in flower oblong-oval, sides reflexed 45°, plain, dark
pink-purple with darker veins, tip with a central notch 3 line deep,
and with two shallow ones adjoining, seldom absent; white spot
comes within a line of the edge all around and as low as the keel,
narrower below, obovate-cordate, edge ragged, with red-purple
veins; below and a line apart are two patches of anastomgsing red-
purple veins; wings narrowly oblong, dark purple at tip, oblique,
rounded, tip twisted just below tip of keel; and horizontal; keel
narrow 2 lines below tip, blunt and rounded, dark purple at tip;
pod very fleshy, cartilaginous, and sparsely short hairy. It always
grows in firm, damp meadows, in mountain parks, or high valleys.
It blooms in June and July. It is a matted, woody-rooted, pros-
trate, densely branched, silvery plant, with short peduncles among
the leaves.

ASTRAGALUS IODANTHUS Watson. This is the most. variable
plant of the genus in Utah, and may include several species recently
erected. The sides of the banner are reflexed, so that the outline
is oblong, notched; white spot, deep purple veined; banner deep
purple below, and shading to white at tip, or purple throughout,
slightly sulcate, ascending 30°, sides most reflexed at base; wings
long, dark purple at base, and white from tip of keel to apex, 3
lines longer than keel, rounded, obscurely erose or notched, as-
cending near the tip. The pod is fleshy, black hairy or nearly
glabrous, plain or spotted, straight or arched into a semicircle,
round or obcompressed, sulcate or not. It grows everywhere ex-
cept on alkaline flats in the valleys, but does not go beyond the
higher foothills of the mountains.

VOL. 111.] Contributions to Western Botany. 295

ASTRAGALUS PEABODIANUS n. sp. Inflati, Perennial, matted
czespitose from a branching root; stems 3 to 6 inches long, densely
branched and prostrate, very leafy, root not woody; leaves 1 to 2
inches long, including the %-inch petiole; leaflets 4 to 8 pairs, 3 to
_ 4 lines long, 1 to 114 wide, oblanceolate to narrowly oval, rounded
at apex and acute at base, edges contiguous, softly pilose with
spreading hairs, as well as all the rest of the plant, even to calyx and
legume, but the latter rather densely long pilose; peduncles an inch
long, 3 to 6 flowered, and loosely so; flowers ascending, in fruit
horizontal, paste very short; calyx campanulate, a line long, teeth
the same an ceous; banner abruptly reflexed at tip of calyx
teeth, broad, “dice, white or purple, 3 lines long, erect part 2
lines long; purple tipped keel surpassing calyx teeth by 11% lines,
arched, the acute tip incurved to nearly a semicircle; wings barely
surpassing keel, lanceolate, entire, obtuse; pods 6 lines long, mem-
branous, ovate or lanceolate, acute, sessile, when ripe incurved to
nearly a semicircle, cross section triangular and acute at ventral
suture, with rounded lobes at base, dorsal septum not intruded, but
dorsal sulcus always so at base of pod and to the middle; 1 celled,
no intrusion of ventral suture, but the suture is rather thick, while
the dorsal is inconspicuous.

Resembles A. Parry? in habit, and is alied to A. triflorus and A.
triquetrus, but quite different; clay soil, at 5,000 feet altitude, Thomp-
son’s Springs, Eastern Utah, May 7, 1891. Dedicated to George
Foster Peabody.

ASTRAGALUS GEYERI Gray. Banner oval to ovate, but sides
generally turned back at some angle less than go°, then the outline
is oblong, slightly notched, white or very light purple. faintly purple
veined; white spot scarcely visible, coming within 1% a line of the
sides and end; banner ascending to 75°; sulcus shallow, scarcely
contracted at base: banner 1% lines longer than wings, and wings
1 to 1% lines longer than keel; blade of wings obliquely ovate,
obtuse, ascending 30°, 1 line wide; keel a line longer than calyx
teeth, incurved 100°. I have doubts that it is annual, for the slender
roots seem to have tubers on them. Very common in gravelly or
light soil in the valleys and lower slopes. It blooms May to June.

ASTRAGALUS PLATYTROPIS Gray. This interesting subalpine plant
is found only on the high mountains, occurring as far east as the

296 Contributions to Western Botany. [ZOE

Schell Creek Mountains only. It may, however, exist on the Deep
Creek Mountains. It is one of the earliest bloomers, close to snow.
It is inclined to spread from the roots, but never forms mats. It is
rare. Banner white or dirty, tinged with yellow, varying to light
lead colored, bent abruptly to 45°, from mouth of calyx, concave,
and so the sulcus is very widely V shaped, hooded at apex by the
narrowing of the sulcus, 3 lines long, notched, and often with acces-
sory notches, about as broad as long but a little wider at base than
apex, sides not reflexed or but little, slightly purple veined opposite
mouth of calyx; wings arcuate upwards and exposing the whole keel,
obliquely lanceolate oblong, or nearly so, obtuse tip bent outward form-
ing with the keel the letter T, just equaling the keel; keel abruptly
bent go°, purple, dark at tip, point rounded, equaling the banner;
pod dark and dark purple mottled, ovate, 34 by ¥% inch, abruptly
pointed, straight, papery, and much inflated, oblong oval, cross
section oval contrary to the partition and emarginate on each side,
prostrate when ripe. Scapes erect to decumbent. July

ASTRAGALUS TOANUS n. sp. Allied to A. nudus. Lower leaflets
3 to 6 pairs, upper ones reduced to the long and cylindrical rachis;
pods 2 to 4 on the ends of rather long peduncles; erect, 34 to an
' inch long, 3 lines wide, compressed, erect, straight or curved, acute,
thick and corrugated, both sutures prominent; sessile, lanceolate
oblong, with very acute edges, cross section elliptical, seeds 1%4 by 1
lines, calyx teeth minute, triangular; calyx 3 lines long. This grows
in clumps like the others of the section. It. is nearly glabrous
throughout, erect, 2 feet high. It was out of flower July 21, r8g1.

Found on the slopes of the Toano Range, Eastern Nevada, in
open ground. It can neither be referred to A. nudus, A. pectinatus,
or A. Gray, but is intermediate between A. nudus and A. pectinatus.
It may be that all four are forms of one polymorphous species, but I
do not know of connecting forms.

ASTRAGALUS ARTIPES Gray. This plant is so like 4. Beckwithii
(except possibly the fiddle-shaped corolla) that it will be passed over
generally when not in fruit; however, the calyx teeth about equal the
tube, and are thread-like at tip; pod 1 % by % inches, spotted,
straight, tip slightly curved and almost blunt, base truncate; stipe
equaling the calyx teeth; no apparent dorsal suture, ventral not
prominent nor inflexed; pod probably round in cross section but

VOL. III. ] Contributions to Western Botany. 297

somewhat flattened or sulcate ventrally, 1 celled; seeds not round;
calyx erect in fruit; pods erect or spreading. It is 1 to 2 feet high,
slender. It was collected in gravelly soil at about 5,000 feet altitude
in Utah Valley, May 16, 1891. The leaflets are broadly lanceolate
to oval, obtuse to emarginate, 3 to 6 lines long, 10 to 14 pairs. Hith-
erto this has been supposed to bea southern species, but it has doubt-
less been overlooked.

ASTRAGALUS CALYcosus Torrey. This most interesting and
badly named little species proves to be very common in all the ranges
and hills west of the Wasatch Mountains, Utah. I have gathered it
as far west as Humboldt, Nevada. Watson’s description in King’s
Rep. is faulty also. Outline of banner oval, cleft a line deep, sides
reflexed 100°, generally cream white but often purple; white spot
broad, with cuneate sides to the middle where it widens again, broadly
emarginate at apex; sulcus rectangular and broader than deep; wings
very closely appressed to keel its full length, red purple to tip of
keel, white beyond, deeply cleft, lower lobe 1 to 2 lines long and
like a normal wing, the upper lobe is 4 wider, bent upward and in-
ward till it touches the banner, both lobes narrowed and rounded at
tip, usually from the cleft in the wings a long thread-like lobe arises
and is nearly as long as the lobes; keel enlarged just above the calyx
so as to make a hollow in the banner, with a decided hump near the
base of keel; calyx notched deeper on the upper side; pod always
arched when well developed, acute, 4 to 12 lines long, 2 celled, cross
section ovate with a cordate base. Flowers erect or prostrate, pods
narrowly oblong to linear, usually prostrate. It is not subalpine,
as given by Watson; it is rare above 7,000 feet altitude and abounds
in the valleys in gravelly soil, 5,000 to 7,000 feet altitude. © Torrey’s
and Watson’s specimens seem to have been starved and with a
poorly developed pod.

ASTRAGALUS ATRATUS Watson var. STENOPHYLLUS n. var.
Flowers smaller, leaves narrowly linear, short, minute, or wanting,
and only the rachis present, always so in the upper leaves.

This is No. 3840 of my sets of 1882. Collected PSE 14, 1882, at
Palisade, Nevada, distributed as ‘‘Astragalus n. sp.’

ASTRAGALUS FILIPES Torrey. I believe there is an earlier name for
this, but the old name will be the more familiar, and equally,as good
for my purpose. Banner light cream colored, arched at right angle,

298 Contributions to Western Botany. [ZOE
- oblong, 4 lines longer than keel, expanded at base like A. Beckwithii,
sides reflexed ‘20° or less, groove very shallow and acute, scarcely
~ narrower at base, not enlarged or’narrowed on the outside toward
the base; banner acutely notched at apex, 34 line deep; wings
obliquely obovate or lanceolate, ascending 45° so as to expose the
bottom of keel, concave to keel, entire or obscurely toothed at
rounded apex; keel incurved 100° or more, blunt, tipped with yel-
low. Schell Creek Mountains, Nevada, July, 1891.

ASTRAGALUS KENTROPHYTA Gray. It is hard to believe that a
subalpine plant in the Wasatch can be the same as one growing on
the driest slopes of valleys in the arid regions, but so far I can see
no distinguishing characters. The floral characters of the arid plant
are these: calyx bent like Hedeoma; banner arched less than go°
abruptly and with a hump below the bend also, cucullate, sides very
concave and little reflexed; sulcus very shallow; banner contracted
about a line below the tip, so that the general outline is oblong, tip
abruptly reflexed or not at all, deeply notched, a little broader at tip
than below, finely striate veined with purple; wings connivent, ob-
long-ovate, obtuse or barely acute, 134 lines longer than keel, as-
cending; keel purple tipped, sharp, and much incurved. Very dry
knolls in valleys of Eastern Nevada, fruit in July.

In my last ‘t Notes’’ in Zor I inadvertently transposed the terms
dorsal and ventral in describing my species of Astragalus.

CERCOCARPUS LEDIFOLIUS Nutt. Ina former communication in
ZoE I gave some general details of the relation of the type to the
variety zztricatus Jones. Having now examined minutely all my
material from all sources and also that in the Shaw Botanic Gardens
(the Engelmann collection), my conclusions are that there is but one
good variety of C. /edifolius and that one is the var. intricatus, which
does not deserve higher rank. C. parvifolius Nutt. var. breviflorus.
Jones. I reduce from the C. breviflorus Gray, Pl. Wright 2 p. 54-
It is clearly a form of the more robust species. C. fothergilloides
HBK. is quite variable, and some forms are hard to separate from
C. parvifolius. 1 studied this latter carefully in the Sierra Mojada
in May, 1892 (Mexico).

The following are some notes on C. ledifolius and its variety. The
species sheds its leaves late in the second season.

July 2, Muncy, Nev. Leaves lanceolate to linear, margins revolute,
nearly glabrous, bark dark gray.

VOL. ul. } Contributions to Western Botany. 299

November 19, Tintic, Utah. 7,000 feet altitude, leaves old, lanceo-
late, short woolly on both sides, typical form.

June 12, 1891, Dutch Mountain, Utah. Typical form; leaves
broadly lanceolate, not revolute, large, glabrous ‘on both sides, or
nearly so below, petiole 2 to 3 lines long, calyx white woolly and
tips with a tuft of wool.

July 8, 1891, Ruby Hill, Eastern Nevada, 8, 500 feetaltitude. Leaves
lanceolate, glabrous on both sides, slightly revolute, calyx and tips.
_pubescent only with very short wool.

June 20, 1892, Mt. Ibapah. Leaves broadly lanceolate, slightly
pubescent, not white beneath, varnished, slightly revolute.

June 23, 1892, Mt. Ibapah, Western Utah. Leaves oblanceolate
to lance-oblong, glabrous on both sides, calyx pubescent.

June 23, 1892, Spring Creek, Eastern Nevada, altitude about 7,000
feet. Leaves, older ones, linear lanceolate, 3 lines wide, scarcely
revolute, upper surface nearly glabrous, lower white with very short
and dense wool; other leaves on the same plant linear and revolute; .
anthers nearly orbicular and emarginate above and below.

Specimens No. 2, same locality. Leaves not revolute, lanceolate,
an inch long, very woolly on both sides.

August 30, 1891, Moab, Southeastern Utah. Leaves glabrous and
varnished, linear and cylindric, 3 to 8 lines long, % to 1 line wide;
young branches short woolly. This is like Watson’s type of zz¢ri-
catus, but with smaller leaves approaching the extreme form, with
varnished minute leaves, collected by Coville in Southwestern Nevada.

June 9, 1891, Furber, Eastern Nevada. Tails of fruit 3 inches long,
short plumose to within % inch of the tip, where they are bare;
leaves linear-oblong, revolute or not revolute, very woolly or hairy
on both sides. The length of the tails is determined by the weather.
If it is dry they are very short and abortive; if wet, they are long.

May 20, 1891, Desert Mountains, Utah. Leaves 3 to 6 lines
long, % to 1 line wide, varnished, cylindrical, densely fascicled.

May 16, 1891, Homansville, Utah. Leaves linear to lance-linear,
glabrous or short villous, old leaves less revolute; flowers pubes-
cent, plants less densely branched.

July 2, 1891, Muncy, Nevada. Broadest leaves 3 lines wide and
6 to 12 long, glabrous; narrowest, on the same plant, a line wide;
bark darker than usual.

June 19, 1891, Clifton, Western Utah. Leaves 6 lines long, 1

300 Contributions to Western Botany. [Z0E

line wide, linear, older ones glabrous and varnished, edges revolute
nearly to midrib, and so nearly cylindrical, very abruptly acute;
petiole %4 line long; leaves fascicled at the ends of branchlets; in-
tricately branched; bark white throughout, or nearly so. Others
from the same place have the leaves 4 lines long, narrowly elliptical,
nearly glabrous, and the under surface not chalky white, as is usual
in the type. .

June 9, 1891, Furber, Eastern Nevada. Branchlets more slender;
leaves less crowded, 2 to 6 lines long, younger ones white silky
villous, and both sides alike, narrowly oblong, blunt, some scarcely
revolute; tails an inch long, the upper half bare, plumose part with
hairs 2 lines long and densely white, the hairs gradually growing
shorter to the beardless tip. This latter is the case in all forms;
calyx 3 lines long.

Specimens No. 2. Leaves very short-woolly, chalky white below,

some scarcely revolute; calyx 4 lines long; otherwise as the above.

Specimens No. 3. Leaves densely white woolly, oblong linear,
3 to 4 lines long, 1 to 2 wide, broadest not revolute.

There are many other forms, but those given show the peiieeat
trend. The variety is usually a densely and intricately branched
shrub, 3. to 5 feet high, with light gray bark, abounding in rocky.
ravines and cliffs and rocky hillsides, forming a large part of the
brush of the low mountains. It abounds below 7,000 feet altitude,
but rarely grows much higher. The type begins at about 7,000
feet altitude, and runs up to subalpine on the higher mountains.
On Ruby Hill, at 9,000 feet altitude, I saw the type matted like the
firs near timber line on the loftiest mountains. Both the type and
the variety are very much affected by the soil and moisture where
they grow. The variety seems to be a form of the type that has
adapted itself to conditions that the type, from its larger surface of
leaves, cannot do, It is strange that Watson never saw this plant
in Nevada, where he spent a season, and where it is very common.
It was doubtless an oversight, as he also reported that he did not
see Juniperus Californicus var. Ulahensis (as it is now called) in
Utah, while it is the only tree on Antelope Island, and the island is
black with it, and was when he was there camping. It is also found
everywhere in Utah.

RIBES CEREUM Doug. The flowers have a cannon-shaped calyx;
petals white, rounded at tip; calyx tips reflexed; fruit yellowish red

VOL. 11.] Contributions to Western Botany. 301

and woolly, as well as glutinous. It is occasional in Western Utah
and Eastern Nevada.

CENOTHERA JOHNSONI Parry Am. Nat. 9, p. 270. This very
poorly described plant is said to have elongated stigmas, petals an
inch long, calyx tube not shorter than the leaves, capsules 9 to 12
lines long, somewhat 4-angled, strongly nerved, not crested, and
to resemble G2. primiverts, and to be very common at St. George,
Southern Utah. The species which I have collected abundantly in

petioles of former leaves, acaulescent or stems an inch or two long;
leaves lanceolate, gradually decurrent into the petiole, which is 1
to 3 inches long, and never more than % the length of the blade;
blade entire or undulate, or irregularly and sparsely dentate with
sharp teeth; whole plant hoary with a dense, soft, and very short
pubescence; calyx tips free in the bud; calyx splitting on one side
_and reflexed in flower, lobes 1 to 114 inches long, tube 3 to 5 inches
long and erect, with 8 striz; petals rhomboidal, entire or slightly
lacerate on the edge; 2 to 3 inches wide, and 2 to 2% long, golden
yellow, palmately veined wii 3 very prominent and several inter-
mediate veins, each feather veined in addition; the petals, in drying
_and fading, turn red, and resemble the meshes in the web of a frog’s
foot; stamens % line wide and 6 lines long, versatile, yellow; stigma
lobes 4 to 6 lines long, 14 line wide; capsule ovate, broadly winged,
not nerved or veined, less than an inch long, not crested, hoary
white; calyx also with scattered, fine, long, white hairs.
. This grows on sunny southern slopes in very dry places, blossoms
in June, and is by far the handsomest species of the genus. It is
vespertine. Rather common in Western Utah and Eastern Nevada
at 6,000 feet altitude. Should it prove to be new, I name it Gino-
thera Howardi, after Mr. A. M. Howard, the gentleman in my party
who saw it first.

ECHINOCACTUS PAPYRACANTHUS Eng. The flowers are an inch
long, opening but little; stigma cleft a line deep into 6 anther-like
divisions, papillose on the sides and upper surface; filaments 6 lines
long; style almost as long as the petals, ¥% a line thick, linear; the
flowers open in the morning, and close in the afternoon, but appar-
ently are not affected by cloudy weather. This grows in alkaline
soil, and blooms in May. It is scarce everywhere.

302 - Contributions to Western sawed [ZOE

EcuHINocActus SIMPSONI jee Should Bs called Mamillaria
Simpsoni, as all its relatives are there, and it differs in but one re-
spect from that genus, 7. ¢., having the flowers just a little above
the base of the tubercle. It blooms in daylight, and closes partly
at night. Rather common at high altitudes, 2. e., above 7,000 feet.

La Sal Mountains, Eastern Utah, and through the Territory and
into Nevada. June.

EcHINOCACTUS WHIPPLEI Eng. This opens in the forenoon,
and closes partly between 5 and 6 p. M._ It also opens in the day-
time if put in a dark place. It blooms in June, inhabiting the alka-
line valleys and gravelly slopes. Occasional in Western Utah and
Eastern Nevada. :

OPUNTIA RUTILA Nutt. This is not distinct from O. Missouriensts.
The flowers close partly at night, and in rain probably. Common.
It blooms in May and June.

CYMOPTERUS CORRUGATUS Jones. This is not the type, but is
the plant referred by Watson to C. Fendlerit, and by Coulter and
Rose to corrugatus. I could not get it with mature fruit. Involucre
none; involucels broadly oval and scarious, or lanceolate and green,
acute; -fruit. broadly winged; flowers white. Clayey hillsides near
the Sevier River, Utah, below Juab. June, 1880. I doubt that it
belongs to either species.

CYMOTERUS IBAPENSIS n. sp. Flowers white, in a head an inch
wide; root large and long, thick and fleshy, erect, usually branched
at summit, leafless but densely covered with what appear to be ol
leaf petioles; from amid these the scape arises and is 2 inches long
in flower, its summit bears a tuft of many leaves; scapes in fruit 6
inches long or less; peduncles in flower shorter than the leaves,
lengthening i in fruit to 4 inches; leafless, striate, erect in flower and
erect or decumbent in fruit; lexves fleshy and on drying finely
wrinkled and so appearing to be finely pubescent, but glabrous, 3
inches long, ternate with the divisions pinnate to bipinnate, ultimate
segments obtuse, either obovate and less than a line long or linear-
spatulate and 2 lines long; base of petioles of the outer leaves much
enlarged, nerved and sheathing, the rest less so; petioles not over
an inch long, nerved; umbel of 6 to 8 rays; scarcely perceptible in
flower, % inch long in fruit and stout; involucre none; involucels

voL. 111.] Contributions to Western Botany. 303

of a few linear, acute, fleshy, not scarious scales, 2 to 3 lines long,
distinct to the base; pedicels in fruit 2 lines long, filiform; flowers 5
to.8 from each ray; fruit 2 to 2%4 lines long, broadly chicas trun-

cate at each end, face concave only, about % of a circle, less than a
line wide; oil tubes 3 between the ribs and 6 on the commissure;

lateral wings a line wide, dorsal ™ less, all thick and corky for the
size of the fruit. It is a close congener of C. /ongipes but differs in
the size and division of the leaves, white flowers, small and simply

concave fruit, and habitat., It is found only on clayey alkaline soil
in the centers of the valleys. The fruit face is that of C. montanus.
Deep Creek Valley, 5,000 feet altitude, June, 1891. A feature of
the flowers that is more or less common to all the genus is in the

deeply sulcate, barely acute, with incurved apex, so that the tip
touches the disk between the contiguous edges of the petals; anthers
black purple, reniform cordate, lying on the recurved filament
next the edges of the petals like seeds in a five-celled pod, just
bursting forth; they are very pretty; the filament straightens and
thrusts the anther 14 a line beyond the petal; it then bursts; style
not exserted at first. ’

CYMOPTERUS LONGIPES Watson. This. plant 1s acaulescent at
first and the yellow flowers are sessile in a rosette of green leaves,
then the flower stalk lengthens always, is erect, and, after blooming,
droops till the fruit is pendent, then as the fruit ripens the stem -
(peduncle) usually becomes erect again. The scape usually
lengthens also, but not always. Abundant in the Wasatch and less
common westward.

OROGENIA LINEARIFOLIA Watson. The Indians are fond of the
raw bulbs. The flowers are white and the peduncles decumbent.

This is one of the very earliest bloomers, and, though common, is
seldom seen, as the plant is hardly visible when in fruit and even >
that disappears in a few weeks with the leaves.

TOWNSENDIA SCAPIGERA Eaton. The flowers open between 9
and 10 in the morning and close between 5 and 6 in the afternoon.
It is frequent.

I think that Gray has confounded two well-marked species of
Bigelovia in his cosmopolitan B. graveolens. One has a thyrsiform
inflorescence, cylindric campanulate corolla with reflexed or widely

304 Contributions to Western Botany. [ZOE

spreading lobes a line long, and usually isliccs stems and leaves;
it grows 1 to 3 feet high. This is the B. graveolens Gray, really
(Nutt). The other species is what should be called B. nauseosa
(Pursh) and is the Linosyris albicaulis T. & G. This is also B. grave-
olens var. albicaulis Gray, and will include as varieties of it var.
latisquama (Gray) and var. hololeuca (Gray). The type has a fusi-
form corolla, lobes almost never spreading and never reflexed, usu-
ally closed, often short; corymbiform inflorescence, usually flat
topped with many heads, occasionally corymbs with few heads and
somewhat thyrsiform in outline; stems white tomentose. The corolla
is generally with closed lobes. and then the fusiform thatortes is
very evident; it is always a little contracted at throat. The ‘cob-
webby hairs’’ are found on all forms of the B. graveolens of Gray
and are of no value.

Biglovia albida Jones. This name was not one of my choosing,
but was insisted upon by Dr. Gray, who would not believe that I
was correct in saying that the flowers were white. I have again had
an opportunity to study this plant growing and find that the flowers
are pearly white, the dirty white color of the dried specimens is due
to the viscid matter of the heads coloring the flowers. The plant is
1% to 2% feet high, grows in clumps liké the others, but more
open; it is densely fastigiately branched at the top. It is found only
on alkaline soil in the valleys and grows alongside of Sarcobatus
vermiculatis. It is locally abundant on the eastern side of the Deep —
Creek Mountains, also in Spring, Antelope, and Steptoe Valleys, in
Western Utah and Eastern Nevada.

Flelianthella argophylla (Eaton) Gray. This botanical nomad, —
which has been successively called Zithonia argophylla, Encelia ar-
gophylla, Encelia nudicaulis, Helianthella nudicaulis, and now rests
under the above name as the proper one, is caespitose from a deep
woody root, 1 to 14 feet high (the peduncles); hoary with a-dense,
soft, and very. short pubescence; old leaves silvery white, from
nearly reniform to ovate, always with a cuneate base, and with a
boas long and margined petiole, 3 nerved, cauline none, or a rudi-

ent, or occasionally there is a normal leaf at the base of the
ie blade 2 inches wide (usually), and an inch long, obtuse and
entire; leaves very many and crowded at the root; petioles 5 inches
or less long; bracts lanceolate acuminate from a broad base, either

VOL. 111. ] Contributions to Western Botany. 305

like the leaves or softly tomentose in pubescence, in several series,
not recurved, widely spreading in fruit because of the expanded
head, which is hemispherical in fruit, not surpassing the disk flowers,
obtuse; heads an inch broad and ¥% an inch high, nodding in fruit
usually; flowers nearly golden yellow; rays about 20, 2 inches long,
and % inch wide or smaller, narrowly elliptical, minutely 5 toothed
at the apex, neutral, usually with two loblets, one near the base of
the ligule, and the other near the base of the blade; these lobelets
are 3 to 8 lines long, and either green or yellowish; disk flowers
urceolate-cylindric, 3 lineslong, a line wide; proper tube a line long,
very narrow, glandular; lobes reflexed, short, and hispid at tip;
style tips bluntly triangular; ovaries nearly linear and slightly
widened at tip, white silky with chaff-like hairs; margin hyaline and
very hairy; apex with two scale-like awns equaling the short tube;
ovaries 4 lines long exclusive of the awn, and flat; mature akenes
obovate cuneate, and truncate to narrowly cuneate, black, with
white callus margin, which is long villous; body of akene sparsely
hairy; pappus awns present or absent; crown entire or lacerate, %
a line high or almost wanting. The leaves are thick and the whole
plant so nearly simulates Balsamorhiza sagittata that | have no
doubt it is quite common where that plant has been supposed to be
abundant. It is sometimes found growing near it also. It abounds
in Western Utah and Eastern Nevada on sunny and dry hillsides,
on the southern slopes, in bare places, from 6,000 feet altitude down.
It is abundant at Detroit, Dugway, and Gold Hill, Western Utah, and
at Furber, Glencoe, etc., in Eastern Nevada, and doubtless abounds
throughout Nevada and Southern Utah. My large and varied mate-
rial and my field studies make it certain that the two species argo-
phylla and nuticaulis are identical, and the older name must prevail.

BALSAMORHIZA SAGITTATA Hooker. The horses seem to like
the leaves, as I noticed my animals eating it with evident relish. It
is frequent throughout the Great Basin region. :

TETRADYMIA GLABRATA Gray. The spines of all the species arise
from the bark. In this, the ‘‘spineless’’ species, they are present
and formed like the other spiny species, but they are so weak and
narrow the same year they are formed that they are called spine-
tipped leaves, and as they fall at the end of the season they are not
dignitied with the name of spines. In 7: MuttalliiT. & G. the spines
persist till the second year and then fall.

306 Contributions to Western Botany. [ zor

ARTEMESIA TRIDENTATA Pursh. This is considered a sure remedy
for pneumonia, being taken internally, and also a poultice made of
it and applied to the chest. One of my men was taken violently
sick with mountain fever, his temperature going up to 104° and re-
maining there; when other remedies failed, I gave him a large quan-
tity of the cold infusion of the leaves, which cured him in a few days.

Matacorurix Torrey Gray. The flowers close at night.

CREPIS OCCIDENTALIS Nutt. The flowers close at night.

LycopEsmia spinosa Gray. This plant it seems to me has been
wrongly referred to this genus; it is a better Stephanomeria, in habit
it closely resembles the perennial species and also Chetadelphia,
which is hardly distinct. In some specimens recently sent me from
Idaho by Mrs, Brodhead I found the upper 4 of the pappus was
lonz plumose like Stephanomeria in many cases, while the rest of
the pappus was strongly barbellate. The pappus is stout at base
and differs from Stephanomeria in being multisetose only.

PRIMULA BRODHEAD n. sp. 2 to 4 inches high; 1 to 4 flowered;
scape 2 to 4 inches long; leaves 1 to 4 inches long, narrowly ellipti-
cal, rounded at apex, glabrous, rather thick, smooth, entire, narrowed
at base to a winged petiole an inch or less long; flowers purple, about
5 lines wide, lobes orbicular or nearly so, notched, with a very short
claw 2 lines long, tube exceeding thé calyx by 2 lines; funnel form
above the calyx; calyx lobes 1% lines long and subulate lanceolate,
barely acute, equaling the tube of the calyx; pod nearly spherical;
pedicels of lateral flowers about a line long, the terminal one 2 to 6
lines long; bracts oblong to ovate lanceolate, entire or toothed at
apex, 1 to 6 lines long; base of plant covered with the dead sheaths
of former leaves; roots like those of P. Parryi. Marshy places at
Ketchum, Idaho, May to early June, altitude 6,000 feet. The per-
fume at first is rather strong and sweet. Dedicated to Mrs. Brodhead,
the collector.

Var. MINOR n. var. Leaves an inch long or less, elliptical oblance-
olate and acute, thin; lobes of the corolla as large as the type, but
obovate; lobes of the calyx longer than the tube; flowers 1 to 2 on
the scape; bracts long; plant 2 inches high. Bayhorse, Idaho, July
1, at 8,000 feet altitude, in marshy places. This is between P. Par-
ryi and P. nivalis, Ledeb, but if the characters given in the Synop-
tical Flora are good this is a new species. I suppose this species is

voL, 111 | Contributions to Western Botany. eee re

the same as var. Wilcoxtana, Wood of P. Parryz, but I do not know
that that was ever characterized in print.

GILIA PUNGENS Benth. is vespertine. I watched it on June 19,
1891, and found that the flowers opened after dark and closed at
7:30 o'clock A.M, I noticed the same thing in G. Watsont Gray,
and have no doubt that the same is true of G. Californica also.
flowers of G. tnconspicua and G. leptomeria 1 have never seen fully
opened except in sunny weather.

TRICARDIA WatTSONI Gray I have found again in two places on
Dutch Mountain, Western Utah., It is very rare.

ZYGADENUS PANICULATUS Watson is regarded as a good remedy
for felon. The root is baked and applied to the sore.

EPHEDRA NEVADENSIS Watson is regarded as a cure for canker
in the mouth and for diarrhoea. It will also produce the piles. The
virtues seem to lie almost entirely in the pitch, which, when broken
up, is a fine yellow powder and very powerful.

Juniperus CALifrornicus Carr. var. UTAHENSIS, Eng. .I saw
this growing on the top of the Champlin Mountains, Utah, at 7,700
feet altitude, and all matted down and flat-topped, like Adzes fallax
and other conifers above timber line on our highest mountains.

PINUS MONOPHYLLA Torrey. This is very interesting in its young
state. Until it is about 5 years old it is scarcely distinguishable from
Abies. The primary leaves are an inch long, flat, and sharp. After
that they grow shorter and little buds begin to appear in their axils;
as these develop the leaves dry up and fall off, and there is a com-
plete transition from the fully developed primary leaf to the minute
bracts that subtend the young secondary leaves. Generally there
are one or two cylindrical leaves scattered along the young stems
and with their normal sheaths, while all around them are the primary
leaves. I find that the leaves of P. monophylla are much more ro-
bust and vigorous than those of the variety edu/is Jones, and so it is
far more likely that edudis was derived from this than that monophylla
was derived from it, as it can in no sense be considered a ‘‘depaupe-
rate form of edu/s,’’ in addition, the cones are generally robust
and better developed, though there is an endless series of all sizes
and shapes dependent upon the weather in August when the cones
are growing. I find that the formation of seeds in the Western con-
ifers, of our region at least, is due to the weather in August. If it

308 Contributions to Western Botany. [ZOE

is rainy in that month, as is seldom the case, then the trees fruit
abundantly, but if it is dry they seed but little or not at all.
INDICATIVE PLANTS.

- Occasionally we are regaled with accounts of these plants, and one
poor species after another is put forth as an infallible index of min-
eral. Amorpha canescens has recently been called the ‘‘lead plant,’’
and it is stated that it indicates the presence of lead. If that be
true, then the whole State of Iowa, especially the prairie portion, is
a vast lead field. Unfortunately there is but little lead known in
Iowa asa whole. yiogonum ovalifolium is also made to do service
for silver and arsenic in Montana. ° In Utah it is seldom found near
silver mines, and when it so happens that they exist as low as the
region that the plant frequents, then it is no more abundant there
than it is over thousands of square miles that have no mineral. The
plant abounds in all our valleys, and the color is either white or pink,
and I dare say that arsenic has nothing to do with the coloring; it is
far more likely that it is due to iron, which may or may not be near
mines..

UTAH NAMES OF LOCALITIES.

In almost all the monographs and books giving localities of Utah
plants the antique spelling of King’s Report is adhered to. Isn't it
about time that those relics are given a decent burial? They were
invented by some enthusiast in Indian dialects who felt it necessary
to put an “th” on every broad ‘‘a,’”’ whether it belonged there or not.
Southern Utah is still groaning under the burden of the outlandish
names applied to well-known and previously. better named valleys,
plateaus and mountains. It is no excuse for these that the names
were given by the U. S. Geological Survey, for it has no right to
change well-known names for those of its own creation. Some new
names for well-known ones are as follows; Kaibab Plateau for Buck-
skin Mountains, Tushar Mountains for Beaver Mountains, House
Range for Swazy Mountains, Wheeler’s Peak for Jeff. Davis Peak,
Toang Mountains for Toano Range, Mt. Emmons for Star Peak;
among the outlandish names applied are Kaiparowits Plateau, Paun-
sagunt Plateau, Markagunt Plateau, etc.

Two of the bad spellings that I see most frequently in our botani-
eal books are ‘“Wahsatch’’ for Wasatch, the latter the correct one,
and ‘‘Uintah’’ Mountains for Uinta Mountains. Coulter’s Manual

VOL. IL. | Contributions to Western Botany. 309

errs on the former at all times, also all of Gray’s and Watson’s pub-
fications, and the monographers.

[I had supposed that I had made it sufficiently clear that I was the
author of the var. éreviflorus of Cercocarpus parvifolius Nutt. in the
original paragraph in which it was printed, but it seems that there
is at least one person who has not clearly understood it, so I will
say again that the var. is to be credited to me alone. |