APRIL 19, 1984 ————— Má—— MUS. COMP, 200L LIBRARY HAY 74084 HARVARD UNIVERSITY Upper Triassic Radiolaria and Radiolarian Zonation from Western North America by Charles D. Blome Paleontological Research Institution 1259 Trumansburg Road Ithaca, New York, 14850 U.S.A. PALEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTION Officers PA CO cR cx C Eo eu UM MM O BRUCE M. BELL NIGESP RESIDENT IUD ce T E e NU E WILLIAM A. OLIVER, JR. GINO SER d a NEUES HENRY W. THEISEN DRESS e LA V OX CT EM oce yea ROBERT E. TERWILLEGAR ESSEN AS TIE ES mu rete SE TM RAS CM E JoHN L. CISNE A e MI C a PETER R. HOOVER DEOAISGDUNSEE n C ue n uu D DV benc e a eT HENRY W. THEISEN Trustees BRUCE M. BELL (to 6/30/84) WILLIAM A. OLIVER, JR. (to 6/30/86) RICHARD E. BYRD (to 6/30/86) JOHN POJETA, JR. (to 6/30/85) JOHN L. CISNE (to 6/30/85) JAMES E. SORAUF (to 6/30/85) LEE B. GIBSON (to 6/30/86) ROBERT E. TERWILLEGAR (to 6/30/84) REBECCA S. HARRIS (Life) HENRY W. 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Purchases for professional use by U.S. citizens are tax-deductible. for additional information, write or call: Paleontological Research Institution 1259 Trumansburg Road Ithaca, NY 14850 USA ‘ds pydix ‘ds ‘u pipis Didi X BINUWIYSIN PUB OXI9SPABN :rouapssad pudiX ‘ds wnsouax "ds ^u UNBAD] wnsiouax ‘ds cu winxayf uniouax “ds 9duiDIOSSDIA | ‘ds u wuniadoad aduinvossvid J, "ds ^u wunanipuuut aduDoossDIA | ‘ds ‘u ppidani psdo>odunds “ds png oudessog DISNIIA "S "jj "ds nung wog puajd p[4pg JƏNSOW pur INZOY DSOUIASIBUO] Dj4DS JWoIg Du421X2 (i) DDS ouio|g DID)1/9P DUDS "ds winizuay oulo[g wm40342q24 wunızuay awojg wns42App wunızuoy “ds ‘u snyijosui snspiadispn() “ds "u snj4osip snspjadispn() “ds "u pınunu puuofiuanipsopnasg lopisoJA pue INZOY poru4p2 Duiuofiuanipsopnosq "ds snosipoi[ouopnosQd ‘ds u sısuondspups snosipoyayopnasd ‘ds winyjaupiudd ouio[g pue ougessog asSuaIDsaplys UNI] DUDIUDA əwojg pur ougvssag 1//9MYIO4 wnJoupiupg əwojg pue OUBRSSIH 149150f wuni]|BupIuDd əwojg pue ougessag /UOSMDP wumni[|2upIuDd ‘ds snifond ‘ds u snjuajnony snuonq ‘ds tu snnbuiduo] snyovod “ds "u snpunsipun SNYIDA ‘ds ^u snuif snyoog ‘ds offoT oulo[g $1SUILIISIA D/fO'] awolg npido] n/JoT "ds un401x07 “ds "u asuajny wn401xD7 “ds "u rapung wun401xiT “ds ‘U asuaiip wun4o1xvT ‘ds unio] ‘ds ^u vunoanod univ] “ds "u unpunu iniu] ‘ds "u un n3u0] uini ‘ds wnusny əwojg wnısngo4 wunusnf 3110|g wnaou umisnf “ds DUOI] JOY DS$42ASUD4] DUO] wog pndioapa4d DUO] "ds winisupsioyH »uio|g pue ougessag IUOSD4DlJ2I4 VUNISUDZLOL) “ds ^u UNINID UUNISUDELOL) "ds wunisa4424 ‘ds "u osuopnm wuinisa4424 ‘ds u asuaj[at] winiso4424 ‘ds "u asuaunso] UNISA “ds "u asuayaasp] VUNISIALO] ‘ds "u asualpoay uiniso442,] "ds ‘U un1401u02 VUNISIALO.] "ds uno) “ds tu winsolads uno) ‘ds "u winisas uno) ‘ds "u winjoafied uno) “ds puOoJD) wog D/Ip3ul DOIDO ouio[g 2214124023 DULOID) JWwoIg DuulJuO2 D1UOJD;) ‘ds ^u uunipu4042d WUNISDO ‘ds puapydsoyonudo) ouio[g sisua421p]os paopydsoyanudp) ouio[g SISUIYIOS D42Dtdsouonudp;) QUIT Winsoylius p4apudsouonudp;) ouio|g sisuasaiajis Diavydsoyonudny WO] nyuau?s vaavydsoyonudny INSON pu? 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R R GER AG E REEFAZETRZGIET CA A ACA CA R @ A CRS Re Re. REC CHC CANA Ag o L QC-49 L QC-42 L QC-26 L QC-24 R R Rem Gare Row Cap Roars M OR-126 R Re: BER RR. Re Ce Rene Cana. M OR-125 Ree. GZRSRZRER RRRRR RERSRZRZREREREN R M OR-155 GR RORIRIR RR RRE. RRR OR RCR = C SCARIROR RE RICE R RC CR EZRERSCHER RR RRCECRRCREOCRR: R RIR CR R R M OR-154 R .. ROR RRR CCIR IRoC R RG Ree ye CECR ARIRE GT cu RECREAR ES CAG {GFR Ge CIC ICP GP PRA CADRES AGGUGEGEC C CER RER CTER Cray Ga Ge. Pv Arn CAL Aye Cet. (Cree CCT TOR CC.. RER E M OR-153 R CFC CHR FETTE Se eA (GLCORSASGIQ UA Cos RACE RESCUE ADGEGMGMC C C AAC CREES car CiRaACICIRARIRE. R ACA GRANGE. RE RSRS RIC Ca Cary Als Gage are Rowe: M OR-152 RERUROCOR.ROC RORSCOR RERZRZREN RERZRXCORSRUG R RRGC R= SIETERZCHETE po O . REP R M OR-151 RSRSRORURCC RO ROGOCORORSGURZEGEMREM R R R RRR R CRICRRICRARER RAR RERRRRRRRR RORORDRZRO RER RR- DRORSROGORY- R RORORORZROBRORGRGENMR R R-RORCOROR RORSORUBRAORUROGOUGOURSR Res Rea Re Rona Romer CESSRZRTEERFN L OR-150 RoR CG RAG Crk RRRRRRR RZRFEIZRZEZCHR RERSRERZEER RERZEFRFEFRR RRACARR R R RERSERZEZEHET BRERZERARFIRET R RIRC EG ccc ER E A RECHERCHE CARE Ca AR RORORORCASGUROROGUACG CAR RRRR- R Roe R R R R R R R Res R RR RR o R R € (GIO OO R Coxe = R € A E R RBC ERE Ce: R e R € € R R e R R R R R R C R C e R R R CACR R RR ARR CCo: CRCR a CARACAS CARTERAS RER COR RSRORORI- R R R RRRR R APR OCRE DRAR RIR ARA RI ARRE RAR RIOS OR RIRE A RARRAR ROA RR R ROC Re Caan Rater RRRR R R RAS R R REPRER R.. Rene RR. GER RR. GER RR: R Ric RoR OC, GuREGEGEC C CURVGUREReRa CRECER GREER Cie UREGEREC CO. AS CE CURE R R ERAS = A AGC RTC R R R OLC CIC CN ROR RIRR = R C REASGIGUREGI AAA LGA E ATOLO ECHT: Ree Re eRe Rewer. CRCRERETE ERE E: EXE PRER CERES: CCAR CCR R ATC Re Cle rR ROCGUOGUROGRSRSRS RECTESRFRTRIRT e R R R C R C R R R C R R R R CR M OR-148 M OR-147 M OR-146 M OR-145 M OR-144 M OR-149 M OR-143 M OR-142 M OR-141 CIRR RR Ri CURR Ro- C R R CAC M OR-140 AE RT ASES RE RS A R E AA S. M OR-139 R R @ R RR M OR-138 Cee RISROGCURSRSROCORO RERZRERTE R C RARR RCRRCOCRR- C RRE RRR Re Cee eRe RR ROARS eRe. APARTE RIRS TA GE: M OR-55 REC ECRCERTELCERERTASR RG Lek Crx. Gee RECS R A RIR CICE ROCC RE CIS RURORURAROG CIRCIC R COCR CG: AACR TAC 2. NR LS M OR-52 RURCGOUROQURORASGOURATRORT- RR cane chee Grea R ROROROROROROROSRORORO RI ROR GR R RE Ever RE CR: R (pe: ARCHE RAS R. M OR-51 RACA GQUACAXSQUROUUACC (CARE RAN ARC A e ARA CCAA CAAC A ROGTQU AASQUOAGA CORA A COR A ACA AS CAER At Gane ACA AAA CLAE n RAS AIL L OR-39 RR RIRA c TA G R M OR-6 1995 184.1 107.9 106.4 102.7 100.0 97:0 90.5 84.8 78.7 71:3 65.2 58.8 55.8 45.1 39.0 35.4 323 17.1 9.8 1.8 0.3 See Locality Descriptions aseq 2A0q* SIIIV JO 1oquinN See Locality Descriptions common (3-6 specimens); A uoneulio eduny auorspnyy UIQLO [res Brisbois Mbr. specimens from the Queen Charlotte Islands. ugoy Joddn ugoy o[pprur 1oddn 0} 13m0] /;, uerurey 1oddn Text-figure 4. —Occurrence and relative abundance of siliceous mudstone; L - limestone. Radiolaria in Upper Triassic strata, eastern Oregon and (more than 6 specimens). OR = specimens from eastern Oregon; QC M Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. R = rare (1-2 specimens); C asseu | ıoddN The Paleontological Research Institution acknowledges with special thanks the contributions of the following individuals and institutions PATRONS (81000 or more at the discretion of the contributor) | JAMES A. ALLEN (1967) RicHARD I. JOHNSON (1967) | AMERICAN OIL COMPANY (1976) J. M. McDonaLD FOUNDATION (1972, 1978) 4 ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY (1978) MosiL OIL CORPORATION (1977 to date) | CHRISTINA L. BALK (1970, 1982, 1983) N.Y. STATE ARTS COUNCIL (1970, 1975) N Hans M. Borui (1984) RICHARD E. Petit (1983) | MR. & Mns. KENNETH E. CASTER (1967) SAMUEL T. Pees (1981) | CHEVRON OIL COMPANY (1978, 1982) ROBERT A. PoHowsky (1982) Exxon COMPANY (1977 to date) TEXACO, Inc. (1978, 1982) | Lois S. FOGELSANGER (1966) UNION OIL OF CALIFORNIA (1982) | GULF OIL CORPORATION (1978) UNITED STATES STEEL FOUNDATION (1976) | MERRILL W. Haas (1975) CHARLES G. VENTRESS (1983 to date) | REBECCA S. HARRIS (1967) CHRISTINE C. WAKELEY (1976 to date) ROBERT C. 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Hoover Director Paleontological Research Institution 1259 Trumansburg Road Ithaca, New York 14850 U.S.A. 607-273-6623 VOLUME 85, NUMBER 318 APRIL 19, 1984 Upper Triassic Radiolaria and Radiolarian Zonation from Western North America by Charles D. Blome Paleontological Research Institution 1259 Trumansburg Road E Ithaca, New York, 14850 U.S.A. E Library of Congress Card Number: 84-60543 Printed in the United States of America Allen Press, Inc. Lawrence, KS 66044 U.S.A. | | | | | | | CONTENTS Page ADEA E erede Ne et ee RE $ FamilvsPantanclhdde mn 2 0.00.00 32 Introduction 4 aan Ve O O E clus e da 5 Subfamily Gapnodocinae 227 7). aaua. 32 RNE ee en 6 Genusseopnnodacer cr 32 | Lithostratigraphy (AA Pe a q 36 Eastern Oregon (Suplee/Izee area) ...........suulssessue 6 Genus" RENDUM e IRA ne LEE 36 @uceni@harlorteslslancd semen. e eu eR 9 Genuss Gti Goose coc CASA ci Id E 37 Mectonicumplicalons Ne S LE pal Subfamily Pantanellinae ...............,.... 37 Biostratigraphy GENUS A ACCU O A a 37 Eastern Oregon (Suplee/Izee area) ...................0%- 12, (Genus OTT M c Se a, 39 | Oneenx@harlotteilslands We e eo la ira Beth pl 13 Genoa, te du. WA ee 40 Radio lamantzo nad On a RR LH ee 14 GenusiPantunellitps Roe a de x ce. 41 Definition of Zonal Units Liosphaeracea incertae sedis .................... 42 CANOU CE A mee rei eer cnr tee an hen ete: 14 Genus Ferrey um O BA ee 42 VUSLLUM NOYURWSSUDZONE CEA eero can oa 15 Genus Xenorum N. gem. odon creia 45 | MIDAGESTHICIG SUDZONG mies, e sed A a MA 15 Suborder Nassellariina LOUUMEPAUCHTESUDZONG SUR AA cede deu hes 19 Superfamily Cyrtoidea BENAC UTA LONE a CIERRE 19 Subsuperfamily Eucyrtoidilae .................... 46 Pantanellium silberlingi Subzone .................. 16 Family Comopudae Ss wit a A 46 Betraccium deweveri Subzone .................. 16 (CMU SEO LD EUR. CR e e 46 Correlation of Upper Triassic Radiolarian Zonations GOS PANUS Douala El enone. 48 BajaCaltformas ws vede t ONO 16 Family Pseudodictyomutridde. 2... 50 Da pane OE ETE A An Jo 17 Genus COPIEI BI nen 50. Systematic Paleontology Family Pseudosaturniformidae ................ 52 Mogor torenton ta oe a ere o o 19 Genus Pseudosaturniforma ................ 32 Order Polycystida Family SyEmpocapsidae ne are 32 Suborder Spumellariina Genus SPRENSOCHDSE aaa $2 Superfamily Spongodiscacea Cyrtoldea an cerige Seis. (eee LIT ss 53 Subsuperfamily Spongodruppilae ................ 21 Genus Canesunin Beni CU a e 53 Hanulv:Barasatusnalidgese oo tees o 21 Genus: COST B. pone ai en 54 | Subfamily Parasaturnalinae ................. 21 GEDUS LAN pen A dou a 54 CRUS ACUN OCUS E a A 21 Genus Pax POM ee, 56 Subfamily Heliosaturnalinae ................ 27 Genus QUASIDelasus DYSON. eene e Y Genus Bseuconelouiscus Rn ce 27 (OMS MUSEE sane ER 58 Superfamily Liosphaeracea Genus Vp B Belle eov ra Rn 59 Subsuperfamily Liosphaerilae Appendix: Collecting Localities Family Capnuchosphaeridae .................. 27: PASTE CEOs a e 60 Genus Capnuchosphaera .................. 27 Qucm C Manono TINAS er ee, 61 (Onus OUOU nner E T M E vo References Cited rer aes Ue M T RUE 62 (GENUS COM Gm UR ANS eo CN E ETE qu 30 RITOS O Ae Ne ERE QUE 65 | GOBDUSUSQT ee Nt SERIE 30 Ihnyaley er dl uestes pe e scs ee 83 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Text-figure Page e e aao o ee Aaea a O E A A E S TELS 6 2. Locality map of the Queen Charlotte Islands, showing Maude and Kunga Islands .......... coolen 7 3. Geologic map showing distribution of Triassic strata surrounding Izee, eastern Oregon ....... cc ccm 8 4. Occurrence and relative abundance of Radiolaria in Upper Triassic strata, eastern Oregon aio Cree Ghanottelsianas, British. A 2a E EUST E Ea e eas foldout inside front cover 5. Correlation of lithostratigraphic units within the Vancouver Group, Queen Charlotte Islands ......... cc. 11 6. Radiolarian zonation for the Upper Triassic of eastern Oregon, Baja California, aud the Queen Charlotte islands, British Columbia -o.s errero es HE RI COSI UE eee rR es foldout inside back cover 7. Correlation of radiolarian zonations for the Upper Triassic of North America and Japan -o.oo oeno oee na ernea ar ea 17 LIST OF TABLES Table Page iL Diaenostue carnes dE species OD o2 D OCITTGUS Sauinabol; 1903 arees SEN E a M. 21 2. NINAR NOStic deditos or species Ob Ga2DUTPITOSDIQUL QOO Wee EO gire cxx cu MAD T M EE ARR A x 28 2. IDA ONT dO oo esca SL ssa DO DOMOS Winer. Ou EUR T uat cM IERI M M n LE n dn e 31 RE OSCE Ob Speeles ob Crou oce De Wevet, dl LN ES Sy II EROS cats Of SUCCIES Dis cao RPOSSADIOTOLO 49e c. qu i euet a DES e 37 Ur a ias CS OB Species OD DOTT Persano, TITTA co ie o eh TO on 4l Oo O O PPTOS TID EOE UE d ro D RP ee UR HE 42 ao to al o EY a VITI- aa, ee MN idu 47 oa TO o US a EE E 49 | | | UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA AND RADIOLARIAN ZONATION FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA By CHARLES D. BLOME U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park, California 94025 ABSTRACT Radiolaria have proven to be of great value in interpreting the stratigraphy within complex geologic terranes. This report focuses on Norian age Radiolaria from strata in eastern Oregon (Rail Cabin Mudstone), Baja California (San Hipolito Formation), and the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (“Middle member” of the Kunga Formation). Fifty-four new species and ten new genera are described herein. A preliminary system of radiolarian zonation (two zones, five subzones) is proposed for the Norian Stage of the Upper Triassic | of western North America. This zonal system has been based upon biostratigraphic data offered by pectenacid bivalves (Halobia | Bronn, 1830 and Monotis Bronn, 1830), as well as various ammonites. The lower Capnodoce Zone was originally defined by Pessagno (1979) and termed an Oppel Zone. In this report the Capnodoce Zone is expanded and divided into three subzones: a lower Justium novum Subzone; a middle Xipha striata Subzone; and an upper Latium paucum Subzone. The base of the Capnodoce Zone is defined by the first occurrence of Capnodoce DeWever, 1979. Other genera that make their apparent first appearance at or near the base of the zone are Loffa Pessagno, 1979; Renzium | Blome, 1983; Justium Blome, 1983; Xenorum new genus; Corum new genus; Canesium new genus; Castrum new genus; Latium new genus; and Quasipetasus new genus. The top of the Capnodoce Zone is defined by the final occurrence of Capnodoce. The upper Betraccium Zone is treated as an Oppel Zone and is divided into two subzones: a lower Pantanellium silberlingi Subzone, and an upper Betraccium deweveri Subzone. The base and top of this zone are defined by the first and final occurrences of Betraccium Pessagno, 1979. Newly described genera, in alphabetical order, include: Canesium, Castrum, Corum, Ferresium, Latium, Laxtorum, Pachus, Quasipetasus, Xenorum, and Xipha. Newly described species include: Acanthocircus burnsensis, A. dotti, A. harrisonensis, A. izeensis, A. largus, A. laxus, A. lupheri, A. macoyensis, A. ochocoensis, A. prinevillensis, A. rotundus, A. silverensis, A. supleensis, A. usitatus, A. vigrassi, Betraccium (?) incohatum, B. inornatum, Canesium lentum, Canoptum (?) browni, C. farawayense, C. | laxum, C. macoyense, Cantalum alium, C. globosum, Castrum perornatum, Corum perfectum, C. regium, C. speciosum, Gor- gansium acutum, Ferresium contortum, F. hecatense, F. laseekense, F. loganense, F. lyellense, F. titulense, Latium longulum, L. mundum, L. paucum, Laxtorum atliense, L. hindei, L. kulense, Pachus firmus, P. indistinctus, P. longinquus, P. luculentus, Pseudoheliodiscus sandspitensis, Pseudosaturniforma minuta, Quasipetasus disertus, Q. insolitus, Syringocapsa turgida, Trias- socampe immaturum, T. proprium, Xenorum flexum, X. largum, Xipha striata. INTRODUCTION This report is the fourth in a series of studies dealing with the morphology, phylogeny, and stratigraphic dis- tribution of Late Triassic Radiolaria from western North America. One early published study of Triassic Radiolaria was by Pessagno (1979) on Late Triassic (Norian) Radiolaria from the San Hipolito Formation, Baja California. The Pantanellinae, one subfamily within the Pantanellidae, was described and expanded by Pessagno and Blome (1980). Two biostratigraphi- cally important radiolarian groups, the Capnucho- sphaeridae and the Pantanellidae (Capnodocinae), have recently been described by Blome (1983). Numerous Triassic studies from outside North America include those of DeWever (1979); Dumitrica (1977a, 1977b); Dumitrica, Kozur, and Mostler (1980); Ishida (1983); Kishida and Sugano (1982); Kojima (1982); Kozur and Mostler (1978, 1979, 1982); Matsuda and Isozaki (1982); Nakaseko and Nishimura (1979); Takashima and Koike (1982); Yao (1982); Yao, Matsuda, and Izozaki (1980); and Yao, Matsuoka, and Nakatani (1982). Numerous samples containing well-preserved radi- olarians were collected in east-central Oregon (Suplee- Izee area of Dickinson and Vigrass, 1964, 1965; Text- fig. 1), from strata of late Karnian? to late middle Norian age. Upper Norian rocks containing equally well-preserved Radiolaria were collected from the middle black limestone member of the Kunga For- mation, Queen Charlotte Islands (Kunga Island; Text- fig. 2). Most of these radiolarian-bearing samples could be correlated with those containing biostratigraphi- cally important ammonites and pectenacid bivalves. This is the second attempt to utilize radiolarians in the development of a zonation for the Upper Triassic of North America. Pessagno (1979) had previously di- BULLETIN 318 44º AS MAP ar) E HL - — E INDEX MAP OF OREGON 120° l HARNEY BASIN 192 1 Text-figure 1.— Locality map of the Suplee-Izee area, eastern Oregon. vided the Norian Stage into two zonal units based on studies in Baja California. The new zonal scheme pre- sented herein, which is represented by two zones and five subzones, encompasses Upper Triassic (Norian) strata from eastern Oregon, Baja California, and the Queen Charlotte Islands (British Columbia). This zon- al scheme has been integrated as closely as possible with biostratigraphic data offered by megafossils. Pre- liminary radiolarian zonations proposed for Upper Triassic strata outside North America (Japan) include those by Kishida and Sugano (1982); Nakaseko and Nishimura (1979); Yao, Matsuda, and Isozaki (1980); and Yao, Matsuoka, and Nakatani (1982). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank the following individuals for their help dur- ing the course of the project: Emile A. Pessagno, Jr. (University of Texas at Dallas) for his extensive guid- ance during my graduate studies; Norman J. Silberling (USGS, Denver) for his identification of Triassic pec- tenacids, for supplying important biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic data, and for reviewing the manu- script; David L. Jones (USGS, Menlo Park) for his helpful discussions concerning *Wrangellia" and for his review of an earlier manuscript; Peter R. Hoover (PRI, Ithaca, New York) for editing the manuscript; William T. Rothwell (University of Texas at Dallas) for his technical advice and assistance; Leta K. Blome for her great patience in drafting the text-figures; and Marion E. Anderson for her care in typing the manu- script. This project has been supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF EAR-12934) and by funding from the Atlantic Richfield Company, the Exxon Production Research Company, and the Mobil Corporation. LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY EASTERN OREGON (Suplee-Izee area) Within the Suplee-Izee area (Text-fig. 3), the oldest stratigraphic unit is the melange terrane of Dickinson and Thayer (1978, p. 150). This melange terrane is exposed along the northern border of the area and contains various tectonic blocks that range in age from Devonian through Triassic. The Miller Mountain melange area contains abun- dant siliceous mudstone and chert. The Frenchy Butte melange area (north of Izee) is typified by metavolcanic rocks and serpentinite. Chert, graywacke, and fossil- iferous limestone predominate west of Suplee in the Grindstone Creek melange area. The Upper Triassic sedimentary units resting atop the melange terrane are chiefly composed of turbidite sequences along with minor finer-grained basinal de- posits. The uplifting of the melange terrane, as well as the older parts of the clastic sequences, provided the source for the sequentially younger Triassic units (Dickinson, 1976). Upper Triassic rocks within this area are divided into two distinct stratigraphic units by the north-south trending Poison Creek fault (Text-fig. 3). Upper Trias- sic rocks west of the fault contain the Begg and Brisbois Members of the Vester Formation (Brown and Thayer, 1977), as well as the Rail Cabin Argillite (herein re- named the Rail Cabin Mudstone). Upper Triassic rocks east of the fault include the Fields Creek Formation UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME y 1 T 132° DIXON ENTRANCE T CQLANGARA l 54º — — einer 53° - E JE KUNGA | % o ^ LYELL |. T % SS V ual k = —— — PHYSIOGRAPHIC BOUNDARY KUNGHIT 1. SCALE o (o) 10 20 [ame : 52* 4 MILES 133° 132° 131° 1 Text-figure 2.— Locality map of the Queen Charlotte Islands, showing Maude and Kunga Islands. and Laycock Graywacke, both of the Aldrich Moun- tains Group (Thayer and Brown, 1960). The Begg Member represents the oldest Triassic rocks within the Suplee-Izee area and unconformably over- lies the Paleozoic melange terrane. This member is characterized by chert-grain sandstone, chert-pebble conglomerate, volcaniclastic rocks, and sedimentary breccia intercalated with equal or greater amounts of mudstone and siltstone. According to Dickinson and Thayer (1978, p. 153), the association of graded, lenticular bodies (to 10 m thick) of conglomerate and sandstone with finer grained siltstone and mudstone suggests a combined channel- overbank mode of turbidite deposition. They conclude that deposition took place on the inner or proximal portion of a subsea fan. The Brisbois Member consists predominantly of thinly bedded, gray to black siliciclastic mudstone and siltstone. Coarse-grained, resistant calcareous sand- stone and sandy calcarenite are intercalated with the finer grained rocks. According to Dickinson and Thayer (1978, p. 155), the Brisbois Member represents lime- stone turbidites derived from local carbonate plat- forms perched on melange. Downslope transport pre- ceded deposition in base of slope and fan-fringe environments. Pelecypods (Halobia sp.), as well as am- monites, have been collected from this member and are regarded herein as being from displaced limestone blocks. The Begg and Brisbois are, in part, facies equivalents (“sedimentary facies” of Moore, 1949) with the Begg thinning out toward the southeast by intertonguing with the Brisbois. Thickness estimates are approximately 2,500 m (8,200 ft) for the Begg and 1,250 m (4,100 ft) for the Brisbois. Both members were intensely folded and faulted during late Karnian time and supposedly supplied the detritus for the Aldrich Mountains Group to the east (Dickinson and Thayer, 1978). The Rail Cabin was originally described as an ar- gillite by Dickinson and Vigrass (1965, p. 27). A se- quence of thinly bedded siliceous mudstone, chert, and felsitic tuff, it is herein renamed the Rail Cabin Mud- stone to better reflect its lithology. The term “argillite” has, in the past, been given a variety of meanings (see Holmes, 1928, p. 35; Grout, 1932, p. 365; Twenhofel, 1937, p. 84; Rice, 1941, p. 22; Dickinson and Vigrass, 1965, p- 99 and Eapedesy 1978. pP: 21): The Rail Cabin Mudstone consists predominantly of thinly bedded radiolarian-rich, dark-gray to black siliceous mudstone and chert. Lenticular masses of gray- brown bioclastic limestone containing displaced shal- low-water invertebrates occur sporadically throughout the unit. Minor amounts of thinly bedded, dark-gray to black (weathering brown) calcilutite occur within the upper part of the unit. The siliceous (cherty) mudstone beds of the Rail Cabin typically range in thickness from 2.5 to 10 cm (1 to 4 in), with some beds exhibiting fine internal laminations. These cherty mudstone beds generally ap- pear blocky or hackly due to the presence of interbed joints. The Rail Cabin Mudstone appears to be best exposed along the slopes of Morgan Mountain, situated north- west of the town of Izee (Text-fig. 3). Siliceous mud- stone samples containing Radiolaria were collected from 110 m (360 ft) of section near Elkhorn Creek (USGS es IS Quads SEJA sec TA TA SaR 27 E.; Text-fig. 4 and Appendix). This was one of the few localities where a gradational contact could be ob- served between the Rail Cabin and the underlying Bris- bois Member. The Rail Cabin and the Brisbois Members seem to be, at least in the western part of the study area, sed- imentary facies equivalents. Radiolarian rich samples 8 BULLETIN 318 ALDRICH MOUNTAINS MAS 5s 1 FRENCHY BUTTE MELANGE O 5 10 I5 20 25 KILOMETERS © == 6. — 9 |zee [e 5 10 15 MILES GRINDSTONE CREEK MELANGE AREA Modified from Dickinson & Thayer, 1978 WEST OF POISON CREEK FAULT EAST OF POISON CREEK FAULT OVERLYING JURASSIC SEQUENCE OVERLYING JURASSIC SEQUENCE CONFORMABLE | GRAYLOCK FORMATION Al dines repe A ORE neis É TUI AYCOCR ALDRIGR Jm GRAYWACKE MOUNTAINS uJ m 77772 FIELDS CREEK à RAIL CABIN MUDSTONE El WEA eat BRISBOIS : MEMBER VESTER 2 \ BEGG MEMBER | FORMATION 2 PALEOZOIC(?) ROCKS Text-figure 3.— Geologic map showing distribution of Triassic strata surrounding Izee, eastern Oregon. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 9 were collected from the top of the Brisbois Member approximately 1 km (0.6 mi) southwest of Morgan Mountain (USGS Izee 15’ Quad.: NW A4 sec. 14, T. 17 S., R. 27 E.). The Radiolaria extracted from these samples, particularly at locality OR-6 (see Appendix and Text-fig. 4), are identical to Radiolaria found with- in the lower portion of the Rail Cabin to the northeast. Farther to the north, at the type locality of the Rail Cabin Mudstone (USGS Izee 15’ Quad.: SE % sec. 11, T. 17 S., R. 27 E.), a sharp lithologic break exists between the mudstone of the Brisbois Member and the overlying harder siliceous mudstone. This contact was interpreted by Dickinson and Vigrass (1965, p. 28) to be unconformable, based upon the marked divergent bedding attitudes exhibited at Graylocke Butte (USGS Izee 15' Quad.: NE % sec. 36, T. 16 S., R. 27 E.). Approximately 2.4 km (1.5 mi) southwest of Izee near “Hole in the Ground”: (USGS Izee 15' Quad.: SE "4 sec. 26, T. 17 S., R. 27 E.; see Appendix), 31 m (102 ft) of late Norian age siliceous mudstone (see Bio- stratigraphy — Eastern Oregon) overlies a thick section of thinly bedded, soft mudstone. This lower mudstone Section is lithologically equivalent to the Brisbois Member. The overlying siliceous mudstone was orig- inally mapped by Dickinson (Dickinson and Vigrass, 1965) as Brisbois. The stratigraphic evidence obtained from both Morgan Mountain and the “Hole in the Ground" suggests that the Rail Cabin and the Brisbois are facies equivalents, the Rail Cabin thinning out to- ward the south by intertonguing with the Brisbois. The Rail Cabin Mudstone, in contrast with the lower portion of the Brisbois Member, exhibits thin, persis- tent bedding as well as a large siliceous fossil compo- nent (Radiolaria and sponge spicules). The presence of fine laminations within this siliceous mudstone indi- cates that deposition occurred in a quiet-water envi- ronment below wave base. The predominantly siliceous Rail Cabin Mudstone represents a period of pelagic sedimentation within a lower slope or basinal depositional environment mod- erately free from terrigenous input. The minor occur- rence of calcilutite (containing ammonites) in the upper portion of the formation may represent an intermittent change in pelagic sedimentation rate and (or) sea level. The partly contemporaneous, intertonguing Brisbois Member of the Vester Formation is interpreted as being hemipelagic middle and upper slope deposits that were diluted by displaced calcarenite debris originally de- posited in shallower water. The Graylock Formation (Dickinson and Vigrass, 1965) consists of approximately 122 m (400 ft) of thin- ly bedded, dark siltstone and thin-bedded, black, ar- gillaceous limestone (calcilutite) intercalated within the basal 15 to 23 m (50 to 75 ft) of the formation. The dark siltstone beds are commonly cross-laminated. The Graylock Formation, according to Dickinson and Vi- grass (1965, p. 29), rests conformably upon the Rail Cabin in its type area. The Rail Cabin-Graylock con- tact, at both Morgan Mountain and the “Hole in the Ground" is covered by colluvium. Upper Triassic rocks east of the Poison Creek fault include the Fields Creek Formation and the Laycock Graywacke ofthe Aldrich Mountains Group. The Fields Creek Formation rests unconformably on the under- lying Begg Member near the northern end of the Poison Creek fault (Dickinson and Thayer, 1978). The Fields Creek Formation is characterized by mas- sive beds of dark mudstone with minor intercalations of graded sandstone. The base of this formation is largely composed of slide blocks of varying rock types, presumably derived from the melange terrane to the north. A conformable contact exists between the Fields Creek and the overlying Laycock Graywacke. Com- positionally, the Laycock Graywacke consists ofa mix- ture of graywacke and mudstone with minor amounts of cherty sedimentary breccia and boulder conglom- erate. Dickinson and Thayer (1978, p. 155), interpreted the mudstone of the Fields Creek Formation and Lay- cock Graywacke to represent a fine-grained slope fa- cies. The graded sandstone beds (Fields Creek) and the volcaniclastic graywacke and sedimentary breccia (Laycock Graywacke) represent intercalated turbidites and debris flows. The Laycock Graywacke is conform- ably overlain by the Lower Jurassic Murderers Creek Graywacke and Keller Creek Shale of the Aldrich Mountains Group (Thayer and Brown, 1960). Samples collected by the author from the olisto- strome-rich, basal portion of the Fields Creek For- mation contain Upper Triassic (lower Karnian to mid- dle Norian) Radiolaria (see Biostratigraphy). According to Dickinson and Thayer (1978, p. 156), the Vester Formation (Karnian and younger) was faulted and con- tributed detritus across the Poison Creek fault into the thicker Aldrich Mountains Group (Norian and youn- ger). The Karnian age for a portion of the Fields Creek, in addition to the facies relationship established be- tween the upper part of the Brisbois and Rail Cabin, both suggest a different source for the Fields Creek Formation. QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS Upper Triassic rocks of the Queen Charlotte Islands include the volcanic Karmutsen Formation and the overlying lower and middle members (grey and black limestone members, respectively) of the Kunga For- mation (Text-fig. 5). The Lower Jurassic upper black argillite member of the Kunga Formation rests con- formably on the Triassic middle member. According to Sutherland Brown (1968, pp. 40-42), the Karmutsen Formation is a thick accumulation [4.268 m (14,000 ft)] of submarine basic lavas, clastic sediments, dikes and sills, and minor limestone. The largest part of the formation is composed of highly chloritized, textureless basic volcanic rock called greenstone, along with basaltic pillow lavas and pillow breccias. Sedimentary rocks form an insignificant part of the Karmutsen and are mostly of volcanic origin. Finely crystalline limestone lenses are sparsely distrib- uted throughout the formation. The presence of pillow lavas and intercalated lime- stone throughout the Karmutsen Formation suggests an eruption entirely within a submarine environment (Sutherland Brown, 1968). Muller, Northcote, and Carlisle (1974, p. 11) suggested that the Karmutsen and the Kunga Formations may have developed within an inter-arc basin (Karig, 1971a, 1971b). These types of basins develop by rifting of a volcanic island arc during active subduction. Younger pillow lavas nor- mally compose the basin floor and may form a volcanic high on which younger sediments are deposited. The Kunga Formation is a sedimentary unit com- posed primarily of limestone and siliceous mudstone that rests conformably on the Karmutsen Formation. Its type section is located on the northern shore of Kunga Island (see Text-fig. 2). According to Hoadley (1953, pp. 21-29), the Kunga Formation is the cor- relative of the Quatsino Limestone and the lower Bo- nanza Formation on Vancouver Island. Sutherland Brown (1968, p. 51) divided the Kunga Formation into three members of contrasting lithol- ogy: a lower massive gray limestone member 31-183 m (100—600 ft) thick that overlies the Karmutsen For- mation, a middle thin-bedded, black limestone mem- ber, 214-275 m (700—900 ft) thick, and an upper thin- bedded, black argillite member that has a maximum thickness of 580 m (1,900 ft) (Text-fig. 4). The lower gray limestone member is most com- monly characterized by massive, gray-weathering limestone that contains poorly preserved corals and gastropods. At the type locality on Kunga Island, the lower member is 183 m (600 ft) thick and apparently conformable with the overlying black member. The origin of the heavily recrystallized limestone member, with its sparse benthic fauna, remains ques- tionable. Other features that are common in the over- lying members, such as bedding structures and pres- ence of carbonaceous material, are absent. The low clastic and volcaniclastic input and the high percentage BULLETIN 318 of carbonate material suggest that deposition may have occurred within a shallow-water carbonate environ- ment atop the submersed Karmutsen lava plateau. The middle black limestone member includes thinly bedded, black carbonaceous limestone and rarer cross- bedded gray calcarenite, fissile laminated black lime- stone, thinly bedded black siliceous (siliclastic) mud- stone (“argillites”), and dark-gray lithic sandstone. The contact between the middle black limestone member and the upper black argillite member appears grada- tional at the type locality. I chose this contact as the point at which the black argillite became the predom- inant lithology. The black limestone beds range in thickness from 2.5-15 cm (1-6 in) with some beds exhibiting fine internal laminations. The basal 31-46 m (100-150 ft) of the member appears schistose in outcrop view. The rest of the member appears blocky or hackly due to the presence of interbed joints. Intercalated in minor amounts with the black limestone is thinly bedded [1- 5 cm (0.5-2 in) thick], black siliceous mudstone. Less common are thicker [5-60 cm (2-24 in)], lensoid beds of cross-bedded calcisiltite and calcirudite. Limestone nodules that are internally black and mostly fine-grained (calcisiltite to calcilutite) are in- terbedded with thin, black limestone beds. These nod- ules make their first appearance within the bottom 61 m (200 ft) of the member, and increase in abundance towards the top. Only those nodules (calcilutite) near the top of the member contain abundant, well-pre- served Radiolaria (see Appendix; Text-fig. 4). The upper black argillite member is characterized by thin, commonly rhythmically bedded, black sili- ceous mudstone that superficially resembles ribbon chert. Rarer black limestone (calcisiltite and calcilu- tite), gray clastic limestone, gray cellular limestone, dark-gray to green lithic sandstone, and thinly bedded calcareous shale occur throughout the upper member. Abundant limestone nodules (calcilutite) occur spo- radically throughout most of the member. At Kunga Island this unit is approximately 497 m (1,630 ft) thick. The contact of the black argillite member is either transitional and conformable with the overlying Maude Formation or unconformable with the still younger Yakoun Formation. The black limestone and argillite members, in con- trast with the gray limestone member, exhibit thin, persistent bedding and a much greater clastic com- ponent. The amount of pyritic and carbonaceous ma- terial, although not extremely large, gives both mem- bers their distinct dark color. Both the black limestone and argillite members con- tain contrasting rock types that reflect two differing UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 11 E MEMBER VOLCANIC SANDSTONE, SHALE, CAELOVIAN 455 ft.(139m) CALCAREOUS SILTSTONE D MEMBER TUFF, CROSS-BEDDED TUFFACEOUS SANDSTONE iaces 800ft (244m) uo FORMATION C MEMBER PORPHYRITIC ANDESITE AGGLOMERATE az 3,000- 950ft. (290 m) AND CRYSTAL TUFF *3 etes B MEMBER SHALE, TUFFACEOUS SHALE, (915-1,830m) 100+ ft(31+ m) AND SANDSTONE A MEMBER CALCITE-CEMENTED BAJOCIAN a 650ft. (198m) SCORIACEOUS LAPILLI TUFF o E CONFORMABLE TO SLIGHTLY UNCONFORMABLE, AND INTRUSIVE TOARCIAN a MAUDE ; INTERBEDDED GREY SHALE, BLOCKY a 2 | PLIENSBACHIAN | É | FORMATION pans PP DARK-GREY ARGILLITE ul o o Bu o CONFORMABLE CONTACT a > = Beige > BLACK ARGILLITE MEMBER FLAGGY, GRADED BLACK UP TO 1,9001. (579m) ARGILLITE, SILTSTONE, AND SHALE KUNGA NORIAN FORMATION | BLACK LIMESTONE MEMBER | FLAGGY BLACK CARBONACEOUS UP TO 700-900ft (213-274m) LIMESTONE « S dis GREY LIMESTONE MEMBER MASSIVE GREY-WEATHERING a ps > 100-600ft. (31-183m) LIMESTONE DER karnian CONFORMABLE CONTACT KARMUTSEN BASALT PILLOW LAVAS, FORMATION a ARAS PILLOW BRECCIAS Text-figure 5.—Correlation of lithostratigraphic units within the Vancouver Group, Queen Charlotte Islands. modes of deposition. The predominantly fine-grained, carbonaceous limestone and argillite are the result of pelagic sedimentation provided by eolian-derived? clay, nektonic megafossils, and planktonic siliceous micro- fossils. In the finer grained rocks of the black limestone member, the thin-shelled pelecypods Halobia Bronn, 1830 and Monotis Bronn, 1830 predominate whereas the black argillite member contains mostly arietitid ammonites. Radiolaria are common in both members. The coarser-grained, volcanic-rich siltstone and sandstone units, which exhibit both graded and cross- laminated bedding, are interpreted as being sediment gravity flow (turbidity current) deposits. A volcanic arc terrane enclosing the depositional basin probably Provided the source for these rocks rich in feldspar and volcanic rock fragments. The presence of finely disseminated pyrite, as well as the moderate carbonaceous content within these rocks, indicates that deposition occurred within a low- energy, anaerobic or reducing environment. Carlisle and Susuki (1974, p. 275), stated that this type of en- vironment can occur at almost any water depth. The laminated, matrix-supported, siliceous nature of the finer grained rocks, as well as the presence of an entirely pelagic fauna, suggests that deposition oc- curred within a moderately deep-water environment at or near the calcium carbonate compensation depth. Minor depth fluctuations could have produced the al- ternating beds of limestone and argillite commonly observed within both members. The dominantly calcareous black limestone member represents a period of pelagic sedimentation within a deep depositional basin free from arc-derived volcanic detritus. With time and increasing water depth, de- position became less calcareous (black argillite mem- ber) and less uniform due to the increasing influx of terrigenous detritus from a nearby volcanic source. TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS Upper Triassic rocks of the Queen Charlotte Islands may represent a portion of a large allochthonous ter- rane that extends along the Pacific margin of North America, from Vancouver Island to southern Alaska. This terrane, referred to as “Wrangellia” by Jones, Silberling, and Hillhouse (1977), is thought to have originated far to the south of its present day position (Hillhouse, 1977). 12 BULLETIN 318 The base of this terrane is typified by a thick se- quence of tholeiitic basalts and pillow lavas (Nikolai Greenstone— Wrangell Mountains, Alaska; Karmut- sen Formation — Queen Charlotte and Vancouver Is- lands) which are, in turn, overlain by calcareous sed- imentary rocks (Chitistone and Nizina Limestones, McCarthy Formation — Wrangell Mountains; Kunga Formation— Queen Charlotte Islands; and Quatsino and Parson Bay Formations— Vancouver Island). Ac- cording to Jones, Silberling, and Hillhouse (1977, p. 575), large-scale volcanism was followed by inner plat- form carbonate deposition and later more fine-grained, basinal deposition. Northeast of the Suplee-Izee area is the Wallowa Mountains-Seven Devils Mountains volcanic arc ter- rane (Vallier, Brooks, and Thayer, 1977; Brooks and Vallier, 1978). This assemblage includes the mafic, vol- canic, and volcaniclastic Seven Devils Group (Upper Permian to Upper Triassic), the Martin Bridge Lime- stone (Upper Triassic), and the argillite-carbonate Hurwal Formation (Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic). According to Jones, Silberling, and Hillhouse (1977) this sequence of rocks is similar to that on Vancouver Island and is a possible detached block of “Wrangel- lia". Brooks and Vallier (1978, p. 143) speculated that the Begg and Brisbois Members of the Vester For- mation, as well as the Huntington Formation (Brooks, McIntyre, and Walker, 1976) found within the Juniper Mountain-Cuddy Mountain volcanic arc terrane (lo- cated directly south of the Wallowa Mountains-Seven Devils Mountains volcanic arc terrane), are intra- oceanic in origin and may represent parts of the same allochthonous tectonic block. They also suggested that all younger rocks may have been deposited after the above units and the underlying oceanic crust terranes were accreted. The younger Rail Cabin Mudstone would most likely be included within this pre-accretion phase since it is, in part, a sedimentary facies equiv- alent of the underlying Brisbois Member. BIOSTRATIGRAPH Y EASTERN OREGON (Suplee-Izee area) The structurally complex melange terrane of Dick- inson and Thayer (1978), contains the oldest lithologic units within the Suplee-Izee area. The age of this me- lange terrane ranges from Devonian to the Late Trias- sic. The northwestern Miller Mountain melange con- tains Early Permian fusulinids as well as Middle to Late Triassic Radiolaria. Black chert samples (OR-68- 71; see Appendix) collected near Vance Creek, south- west of the city of John Day, contain early Karnian Radiolaria. The Frenchy Butte melange area, although unfossiliferous, is thought to be Permian and (or) Triassic in age by correlation with the ophiolitic Can- yon Mountain Complex (Thayer, 1978). This ophio- litic complex has yielded radiometric dates at or near the Permian/Triassic boundary (Dickinson and Thayer, 1978). Limestones from the Grindstone-Twelvemile me- lange area contain a variety of fossils that range in age from Devonian through Permian time (Merriam and Berthiaume, 1943; Kleweno and Jeffords, 1961; Dick- inson and Vigrass, 1965). A chert sample (GC-4A; see Appendix) from the Grindstone Creek area, located south of the town of Suplee, contained faunal elements belonging to the Pseudoalbaillella assemblage of Holdsworth and Jones (1980, p. 283). This assemblage is indicative of an Early Pennsylvanian to Early Perm- lan age. The sparse invertebrate fauna found within the Begg Member of the Vester Formation prevents a precise age assignment. The Begg is questionably assigned to the Karnian Stage below the Tropites subbullatus Zone (Smith, 1927), though the basal part of the formation could extend down into the Middle Triassic. This Kar- nian age is based upon the presence of the nautiloid Proclydonautilus Mojsisovics, 1902, which is known only from Upper Triassic rocks. Spiriferid brachiopods and coelenterates from the Begg Member are compa- rable to those of the overlying Brisbois Member (Dick- inson and Vigrass, 1965). Ammonites collected from the Brisbois Member are all indicative ofthe upper Karnian Tropites subbullatus Zone (Dickinson and Vigrass, 1965). Halobia (H. or- natissima Smith, 1927) collected from the Brisbois Member (Dickinson's loc. V177), is late Karnian in age (N. J. Silberling, written commun., 1978). Megafossils have been recovered from the Rail Cab- in Mudstone in its type locality at Morgan Mountain. Unfortunately, the only ones recovered in place are from Dickinson's locality D15, which is situated some- what above the middle of the formation. N. J. Silber- ling (written commun., 1977) later collected a fauna along strike from Dickinson's locality D15 from float approximately 60 m (200 ft) below the contact with the overlying Graylock Formation. The megafossils from Dickinson's locality D15 and Silberling's float collection are both assignable to the Himavatites co- lumbianus Zone (Tozer, 1967), of late middle Norian age. Because ofthe lack of megafossils within the lower half of the Rail Cabin Mudstone, the precise age of this interval is unknown. Chert samples containing lower to middle Norian species of Halobia [H. cordillerana Smith, 1927; H. cf. H. dilatata Kittl, 1912; and H. lineata (Muenster, UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME IS 1833)], as well as Radiolaria, have been collected by P. Swain (University of California, Los Angeles) from the Brooks Range of Alaska. A comparison of the Ra- diolaria collected from the base ofthe Rail Cabin Mud- stone with Swain's suggests that the lower half of the Rail Cabin, at its type locality, ranges in age from early Norian (late Karnian?) to late middle Norian. Approximately 5 km (3 mi) south of the type Rail Cabin, near Hole in the Ground (USGS Izee 15' Quad.: SE 4 sec. 26, T. 17 S., R. 27 E.), N. J. Silberling (written commun., 1977) reported Monotis subcircularis Gabb, 1864, of late Norian age in strata of Rail Cabin lith- ology. This section is underlain by strata lithologi- cally equivalent to the Brisbois Member. It would thus appear that the top of the Rail Cabin Mudstone, at least at Hole in the Ground, is of late Norian age. Radiolarian recovery was extremely poor, and only one sample (OR-102; see Appendix) yielded Radiolaria identifiable to the generic level. The lower part of the Graylock Formation contains ammonite faunas, all of which are indicative of the Lower Jurassic Hettangian Stage (Dickinson and Vi- grass, 1965). According to Pessagno and Whalen (1982), itis possible that the unfossiliferous upper portion con- tains strata of Sinemurian and early Pliensbachian age. Until recently, the only fossils known from the Fields Creek Formation were Norian megafossils from re- Worked limestone blocks. These transported limestone blocks, collected from the basal part of the formation, contained middle Norian individuals of the bivalve Halorella Bittner, 1884 (Brown and Thayer, 1977). A siliceous mudstone sample that I collected from this Structurally complicated basal portion (OR-123C; see Appendix), was subsequently found to contain well- preserved Radiolaria ranging in age from early Karnian to middle Norian. The overlying unfossiliferous Lay- Cock Graywacke is thought to be Late Triassic in age because of its stratigraphic position beneath the Lower Jurassic Murderers Creek Graywacke. The Murderers Creek Graywacke contains Early Ju- rassic (Hettangian) megafossils in place. Late Triassic as well as Paleozoic fossils have been found within resedimented cobbles and limestone blocks (Brown and Thayer, 1977). QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS In the Queen Charlotte Islands, the age of the Kar- mutsen Formation is poorly defined. The upper part of the unit exhibits a fauna diagnostic of Karnian age (Givens and Susuki, 1963), whereas the lower part might be Middle Triassic. On Vancouver Island, the Karmutsen Formation unconformably overlies the Sicker Group, which con- tains an Early Permian fauna (Muller, Northcote, and Carlisle, 1974). Hoadley (1953) collected diagnostic Upper Triassic fossils from the upper part of the Kar- mutsen Formation. Jeletsky (1950, p. 12) referred to Karnian age fossils collected from the upper part of the same formation. According to Muller, Northcote, and Carlisle (1974), an underlying “unnamed sedi- ment-sill unit” contains Daonella sp., the presence of which indicates a Middle Triassic (late Ladinian) age. The upper portion of the Karmutsen is also dated by faunas collected from limestone that occur near the top of the formation. According to Tozer (1967, p. 33), they represent the Dilleri Zone of the upper Karnian Stage. The Kunga Formation ranges in age from Late Trias- sic (Karnian) to middle Early Jurassic (Sinemurian). Preservation of megafossils in the lower member of the formation, in contrast with that in the middle and upper members, is poor. The lower massive gray limestone member is pres- ently placed within the Karnian Stage (below the Tro- pites welleri Zone of Tozer, 1967). This assignment is based upon the occurrence of the pelecypod Halobia Bronn, 1830, found within the uppermost part of the member (Sutherland Brown, 1968). The middle black limestone member contains com- mon, but only moderately well-preserved pectenacids, along with rare ammonites. According to Sutherland Brown (1968, p. 61), various species of Halobia (Ha- lobia alaskana Smith, 1927 and H. cf. H. rugosa Guembel, 1861) have been collected over much of this member. These molluscan assemblages, which are most common within the lower portion of the member, cor- relate with the Mojsisovicsites kerri Zone (Tozer, 1967) of early Norian age. Sutherland Brown also noted that Monotis subcircularis Gabb, 1864 and M. salinaria Bronn, 1830, of late Norian age, only occur at the top of the black limestone member. Pectenacids collected by the author (see Appendix) from the middle part of the black limestone member contained, according to N. J. Silberling (written commun., 1978), Monotis sub- circularis Gabb, 1864, of late Norian age. The upper black argillite member contains, accord- ing to Sutherland Brown (1968, p. 61), Sinemurian arietitid ammonites (mostly Arietites Waagen, 1869). These ammonites occur in all but the lower 56 m (184 ft) of the upper member. The lower interval between the first occurrence of Sinemurian ammonites and the last occurrence of Monotis subcircularis Gabb, 1864, at the top of the middle member, lacks megafossils. Pessagno and Whalen (1982) noted that the radiolarian assemblage from this lower interval is Jurassic (pre- Sinemurian) in aspect, and is completely different from 14 BULLETIN 318 the underlying Norian faunas. Although a Rhaetian age cannot be completely discounted for these strata, they are more likely to be Hettangian. RADIOLARIAN ZONATION Within the past ten years, the biostratigraphic utility of Radiolaria has increased tremendously. Radiolarian zonations based on samples collected on the Deep Sea Drilling Project have been established for parts of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic by Foreman (1973, 1975, 1977) and Riedel and Sanfillipo (1974). Recent studies by Pessagno (1976, 1977a, 19776) have resulted in the formulation of a preliminary system of radiolarian zo- nation for Upper Jurassic (upper Kimmeridgian/lower Tithonian) to Upper Cretaceous (Maestrichtian) strata of the California Coast Ranges. A radiolarian zonation may soon be erected that would encompass strata rang- ing in age from Late Triassic (Norian) to Late Creta- ceous (Maestrichtian). Upper Triassic (Norian) strata from eastern Oregon, Baja California, and the Queen Charlotte Islands (Brit- ish Columbia) are represented by two zones and five subzones. This preliminary zonal system has been based upon biostratigraphic data offered by ammonites and the pectenacid bivalves Halobia Bronn, 1830 and Monotis Bronn, 1830. The local range zones and abundance zones of species characterizing these zonal units are presented in Text-figure 6. The zonation proposed herein incorporates either interval zones or Oppel zones (Hedberg, 1971). Formal names have been applied to all zonal units. DEFINITION OF ZONAL UNITS Capnodoce Zone (Emended) The base of this zone is defined by the first occur- rence of Capnodoce DeWever, 1979. Other genera that make their apparent first appear- ance at or near the base of this zone are Loffa Pessagno, 1979; Renzium Blome, 1983; Justium Blome, 1983; Xenorum n. gen.; Corum n. gen.; Canesium n. gen.; Castrum n. gen.; Latium n. gen.; and Quasipetasus n. gen. Species that may make their first appearances at or near the base of this zone are shown in Text- figure 6. The base of the Capnodoce Zone is questionably placed within the upper Karnian or lower Norian due to the absence of datable megafossils within both the lower portion of the Rail Cabin Mudstone and the upper portion of the Brisbois Member (Vester For- mation). Until Karnian age radiolarian assemblages are better understood, the age of this base is question- able. It is also impossible to determine whether the previously mentioned genera (other than Capnodoce) range below the biohorizon defined by the first occur- rence of Capnodoce. The top of the Capnodoce Zone is defined by the final occurrence of Capnodoce. Other genera that make their apparent final appearance at or near the top of this zone are Catoma Blome, 1983; Icrioma DeWever, 1979; Renzium, Xenorum, Corum, Pachus, Canesium, Castrum, Latium, Quasipetasus, and Xipha, new gen- era. Species that may make their final appearances at or near the top of this zone are shown in Text- figure 6. A paraconformity may exist, at least at its type sec- tion at Morgan Mountain, between the Rail Cabin Mudstone and the strata of the overlying Graylock Formation [Lower Jurassic (Hettangian)]. However, the contact between the two formations is either poorly exposed or covered. The radiolarian assemblages from the upper portion of the Rail Cabin Mudstone lack faunal elements found in the upper portion ofthe Cap- nodoce Zone in Baja California (Pessagno, 1979). For this reason, the top of the Capnodoce Zone (part of the upper middle Norian) may be missing in eastern Or- egon. The Betraccium Zone (upper middle to upper Norian) is missing in eastern Oregon. The Capnodoce Zone was originally defined by Pes- sagno (1979) and termed an Oppel Zone. In this report the Capnodoce Zone is expanded and divided into three subzones: a lower Justium novum Subzone; a middle Xipha striata Subzone; and an upper Latium paucum Subzone. Stratigraphic ranges and relative abundances of taxa characterizing these subzones are indicated in Text-figure 6. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence: Baja California, California, eastern Oregon, Alaska, British Columbia, Oman, Greece, Austria, Italy, and Sicily. Samples assigned to this zone. — OR-6, OR-39, OR- 5], OR-52, OR-55, OR-125, OR-126, OR-138 through OR-155 (see Appendix; Text-fig. 4). In the measured section OR-138-155, the lower 32.3 m (106 ft) of the Rail Cabin Mudstone is assignable to the Justium novum Subzone. The Xipha striata Sub- zone occurs in the interval between 35.4 m (116 ft) and 58.8 m (193 ft). The remaining 49.1 m (161 ft) of the Rail Cabin Mudstone is assignable to the Latium paucum Subzone. The boundary between the Justium novum Subzone and the Xipha striata Subzone occurs in the interval between OR-142 at 32.3 m (106 ft) and OR-143 at 35.4 m (116 ft). The boundary between the Xipha striata Subzone and the Latium paucum Sub- zone occurs in the interval between OR-147 at 58.6 m (193 ft) and OR-148 at 65.2 m (214 ft). UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 15 Justium novum Subzone.— The base of this subzone is defined by the same criteria that define the base of the Capnodoce Zone. Acanthocircus largus n. sp.; A. laxus n. sp.; A. supleensis n. sp.; Catoma concinna Blome, 1983; C. geometrica Blome, 1983; Icrioma transversa Blome, 1983; Justium robustum Blome, 1983; Canoptum farawayense n. sp.; Pachus firmus n. Sp.; and P. /uculentus n. sp., make their first appear- ances within the subzone. The top of this subzone is defined by the final oc- currence of Justium Blome, 1983; as well as Gorgan- Slum acutum n. sp. Other species that make their ap- parent final appearance at or near the top of this subzone are Acanthocircus dotti n. sp.; A. harrisonensis n. sp.; Renzium webergorum Blome, 1983; and Betraccium(?) incohatum n. sp. Ranges and abundances of taxa char- acterizing this subzone are indicated in Text-figure 6. Samples assigned to this subzone. —OR-6, OR-138 through OR-142 (see Text-fig. 4). Occurrence elsewhere. — Baja California. Xipha striata Subzone.— The base of this subzone is defined by the first occurrence of Yipha n. gen., and of Xipha striata n. sp., and X. pessagnoi Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979. Other species that make their first appearance at or near the base of this subzone are Acanthocircus silverensis n. sp.; Capnuchosphaera deweveri Kozur and Mostler, 1979; C. schenki Blome, 1983; C. smithorum n. sp.; Sarla delicata Blome, 1983; Icrioma praecipua Blome, 1983; Capnodoce insueta Blome, 1983; Renzium adversum Blome, 1983; Xe- norum flexum n. sp.; Corum regium n. sp.; and Latium mundum n. sp. The top of the Xipha striata Subzone is defined by the final occurrence of Pseudosaturniforma minuta n. Sp.; Latium mundum n. sp.; and X. pessagnoi Naka- Seko and Nishimura, 1979. Ranges and abundances of taxa characterizing this subzone are indicated in Text- figure 6. Samples assigned to this subzone. —OR-143 through OR-147 (see Text-fig. 4). Occurrence elsewhere. — Baja California, Alaska, and the Cache Creek Complex, British Columbia. Latium paucum Subzone. — The base of this subzone is defined by the first occurrence of Latium paucum n. Sp. as well as Loffa vesterensis Blome, 1983, and Quas- lpetasus insolitus n. sp. Other species that make their apparent first appearances at or near the base of this Subzone are Acanthocircus lupherin. sp.; A. macoyensis n. Sp.; A. rotundus n. sp., Capnuchosphaera silviesensis Blome, 1983; C. sockensis Blome, 1983; C. soldierensis Blome, 1983; Sarla (?) externa Blome, 1983; S. lon- 8ispinosa (Kozur and Mostler, 1979); Capnodoce fra- 8ilis Blome, 1983; C. malaca Blome, 1983; C. sinuosa Blome, 1983; Gorgansium species A; Pachus (?) in- distinctus n. sp.; and Triassocampe proprium n. sp. Numerous species of Sarla Pessagno, 1979 and Cap- nodoce DeWever, 1979 as well as Acanthocircus ro- tundus n. sp.; Capnuchosphaera silviesensis Blome, 1983; C. sockensis Blome, 1983; Catoma concinna Blome, 1983; C. inedita Blome, 1983; Icrioma prae- cipua Blome, 1983; Pachus longinquus n. sp.; Syrin- gocapsa turgida n. sp.; Latium longulum n. sp.; Qua- sipetasus disertus n. sp.; and Triassocampe proprium n. sp., make their final appearances within the body of the subzone. = The top of this subzone is defined by the same cri- teria used to define the top of the Capnodoce Zone. Range zones and abundance zones of taxa character- izing this subzone are indicated in Text-figure 6. Samples assigned to this subzone.—OR-39, OR-51, OR-52, OR-55, OR-125, OR-126, OR-148, OR-149, OR-150, OR-151, OR-152, OR-153, OR-154, OR- 155 (see Text-fig. 4). Occurrence elsewhere. —Baja California. Betraccium Zone The base of this zone is defined by the first occur- rence of Betraccium Pessagno, 1979, as well as Pan- tanellium silberlingi Pessagno, 1979, Betraccium smi- thi Pessagno, 1979, and Pseudoheliodiscus finchi Pessagno, 1979. Of these taxa, the first occurrence of Betraccium is regarded as the most important. It is important to note that the base of this zone occurs above the biohorizon defined by the final occurrence of Capnodoce DeWever, 1979. Unfortunately, the base: of this zone is missing in eastern Oregon and is only represented in Baja California and Alaska. Other species that make their apparent first appearance at or near the base of this zone are Capnuchosphaera lenticulata Pessagno, 1979; C. mexicana Pessagno, 1979; and Sar- la natividadensis Pessagno, 1979 (see Text-fig. 6). The top of the Betraccium Zone is defined by the final occurrence of Betraccium Pessagno. Other species that make their apparent final appearance at or near the top of this zone are Pseudoheliodiscus sandspitensis n. sp.; Pantanellium dawsoni Pessagno and Blome, 1980; P. fosteri Pessagno and Blome, 1980; Betraccium deweveri Pessagno and Blome, 1980; B. inornatum n. sp.; B. yakounense Pessagno and Blome, 1980; Can- talum alium n. sp.; Ferresium hecatense n. sp.; F. ti- tulense n. sp.; Laxtorum hindei n. sp.; and L. kulensis n. sp. Ranges and abundances of taxa characterizing this zone are indicated in Text-figure 6. The Betraccium Zone is treated as an Oppel Zone and is divided into two subzones: a lower Pantanellium silberlingi Subzone (conceptually an Oppel Zone), and an upper Betraccium deweveri Subzone (conceptually an Interval Zone). Range.— Upper Triassic (middle to upper Norian). Occurrence. — Baja California, eastern Oregon, Cal- ifornia, British Columbia. Samples assigned to this zone. —See Text-figure 4. Pantanellium silberlingi Subzone (Emended). — The base of this subzone is defined by the same species that define the base of the Betraccium Zone. Plafkerium hindei Pessagno, 1979, Pantanellium silberlingi Pes- sagno, 1979, P. tozeri Pessagno, 1979, Sarla vetusta Pessagno, 1979, and S. vizcainoensis Pessagno, 1979 make their first or final appearances within the body of the subzone. The top of this subzone is defined by the final oc- currence of Capnuchosphaera DeWever, 1979. Other species that make their final appearance within the body of the subzone are Pseudoheliodiscus finchi Pes- sagno, 1979; P. viejoensis Pessagno, 1979; Capnu- chosphaera lenticulata Pessagno, 1979; C. mexicana Pessagno, 1979; Sarla natividadensis Pessagno, 1979; S. prietoensis Pessagno, 1979; S. vetusta Pessagno, 1979; Pantanellium tozeri Pessagno, 1979; and Plaf- kerium abbotti Pessagno, 1979. Range zones and abun- dance zones of taxa characterizing this subzone are indicated in Text-figure 6. The Pantanellium silberlingi Subzone was originally defined by Pessagno (1979) and was termed an Oppel Zone. In this report, this unit is redefined and reduced to subzone status. Range.— Upper Triassic (middle to lower upper No- rian). Samples assigned to this zone. — See Pessagno (1979, PA): Occurrence elsewhere.—Baja California, Alaska. Betraccium deweveri Subzone.— The base of this subzone is arbitrarily defined herein as lying above the biohorizon offered by the final occurrence of Capnu- chosphaera DeWever, 1979. Other genera and species that make their apparent first appearance at or near the base of the subzone are Ferresium n. gen., and Laxatorum n. gen., as well as Pseudoheliodiscus sand- spitensis n. sp.; Pantanellium dawsoni Pessagno and Blome, 1980; P. fosteri Pessagno and Blome, 1980; P. rothwelli Pessagno and Blome, 1980; P. skidegatense Pessagno and Blome, 1980; Betraccium deweveri Pes- sagno and Blome, 1980; B. inornatum n. sp.; B. mac- learni Pessagno and Blome, 1980; B. yakounense Pes- sagno and Blome, 1980; Cantalum alium n. sp.; C. globosumn. sp.; and Gorgansium richardsoni Pessagno and Blome, 1980. BULLETIN 318 The following taxa make their final appearances within the body ofthe subzone: Pantanellium rothwelli Pessagno and Blome, 1980; P. skidegatense Pessagno and Blome, 1980; Betraccium maclearni Pessagno and Blome, 1980; Cantalum globosum n. sp.; Gorgansium richardsoni Pessagno and Blome, 1980; Ferresium con- tortum n. sp.; F. laseekense n. sp.; F. loganense n. sp.; F. lyellense n. sp.; and Laxtorum atliensis n. sp. The top of the Betraccium deweveri Subzone is de- fined by the same species that define the top of the Betraccium Zone. Ranges and abundances of taxa characterizing this subzone are indicated in Text- figure 6. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Samples assigned to this subzone. — QC-24, QC-26, QC-42, QC-49, QC-51A (see Text-fig. 4). Occurrence. — Queen Charlotte Islands, British Co- lumbia. CORRELATION OF UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIAN ZONATIONS BAJA CALIFORNIA The first and only other radiolarian zonal scheme for Upper Triassic strata from North America was proposed by Pessagno (1979), based upon the radi- olarian-bearing chert member of the San Hipolito For- mation, Baja California. This lower chert member was formally divided into two Oppel zones: a lower Cap- nodoce Zone and an upper Pantanellium silberlingi Zone. The bottom portion of Pessagno's Capnodoce Zone was poorly dated due to the absence of mega- fossils within the lower portion of the chert member and was interpreted to be either late Karnian? or early Norian in age. According to Pessagno (1979, p. 164), specimens of middle Norian Halobia lineata (Muen- ster, 1833) collected from locality V5F8 were assigned to the top of the Capnodoce Zone. Other localities assigned by Pessagno to the lower portion of the Pan- tanellium silberlingi Zone were also found to be at or near the same stratigraphic horizon as locality V5F8. The top of the Capnodoce Zone, as well as the base of the Pantanellium silberlingi Zone, was interpreted by Pessagno (1979, p. 163) to be late middle Norian in age. Late Norian age Monotis sp. cf. M. subcircularis (Gabb, 1864) was collected from the upper portion of the overlying limestone member. Radiolarian-bearing samples from the limestone member contained faunal elements in common with the Pantanellium silberlingi Zone. The poor preservation of the Radiolaria pre- vented the assignment of these samples to this upper zonal unit, and the top of the Pantanellium silberlingi Zone was tentatively interpreted by Pessagno to be of | | | | UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME NORTH_ AMERICA Suc AN STAGES BAJA CALIF. | NAKASEKO AND Ment Wisi KISHIDA AND YAO THIS REPORT PESSAGNO NISHIMURA SUGANO (1982) (1979) (1979) (1980) (1982) A € Betraccium D 3 Goweverni Spongosaturnalis Canoptum a © o| Subzone 5 E 5 ER de multidentatus triassicum = N |Pantanellium Pantanellium O ça m | silberlingi silberlingi Zone Assemblage » « o Subzone Zone M E Latium AA e] Exe tust O oo wr = o paucum Dictyomitrella < © S Subzone a. V uc RA TE sp. B E, A m Xipha Capnodoce pr o striata A bl A z SUB ona Zone Capnuchosphaera ssemblage Capnodoce E TAME Ps o A | T al Justium theloides anapetes Triassocampe 5 novum ; oc ‘ DER P Zen nova LLI tm Assemblage 2 E Assemblage Q o) og & a Zz pop ee ee Fl 3 [BE Tripocyclia Dictyomitrella Eptingium m 5 2 cf. acythus (R) sp. A manfredi (?) i Assemblage Assemblage Zone (part) (part) Text-figure 7.— Correlation of radiolarian zonations for the Upper Triassic of North America and Japan. late Norian age. For a listing of the taxa assigned to both the Capnodoce Zone (revised herein) and Pan- tanellium silberlingi Zone (reduced herein to subzone Status), refer to the previous section titled “Definition of zonal units" as well as Text-figure 6. JAPAN Nakaseko and Nishimura (1979) described three ra- diolarian assemblages from radiolarian-bearing rocks in both central and southwest Japan (Chichibu and Sambosan Groups, respectively). These radiolarian faunal assemblages are, from oldest to youngest, the Emiluvia (?) cochleata (S type), Tripocyclia cf. acythus (R type), and Capnuchosphaera theoloides (T type; see Pedi: 77. The Emiluvia (?) cochleata Assemblage is unfortu- nately based upon a single sample and only includes taxa described by Nakaseko and Nishimura (1979). Associated taxa include: Emiluvia (?) cochleata Na- kaseko and Nishimura, 1979, Pseudostylosphaera ten- ue (Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979) (=Archaeospon- Soprunum tenue Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979; for a complete discussion ofthe genus Pseudostylosphaera, Kozur and Mostler, 1982, refer to Kozur and Mostler, 1982, p. 31), Staurocontium minoense Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, Saturnosphaera pileata Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, Saturnosphaera triassica Na- kaseko and Nishimura, 1979, and Dictyomitrella de- weveri Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 (in this report, Dictyomitrella DeWever, 1979, is considered a junior synonym of Triassocampe Dumitrica, Kozur, and Mostler, 1980). The Tripocyclia cf. acythus Assemblage is repre- sented by Tripocyclia cf. T. acythus DeWever, 1979, Archaeospongoprunum japonicum Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 (—Pseudostylosphaera japonicum in this report; for a discussion of the genus Pseudostylo- sphaera, refer to Kozur and Mostler, 1982), Stauro- doras variabilis Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, Tri- lonche japonica Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, and Triassocampe deweveri (Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979) (—Dictyomitrella deweveri in Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979). As noted by Nakaseko and Nishimura (1979, p. 64), their Capnuchosphaera theoloides Assemblage closely resembles the late Karnian/early Norian radiolarian 18 BULLETIN 318 faunas from the European Tethys described by DeWever (1979). The Capnuchosphaera theoloides Assemblage typically contains Capnuchosphaera theo- loides DeWever, 1979, C. triassica DeWever, 1979, Capnodoce anapetes DeWever, 1979, C. sarisa De- Wever, 1979, Syringocapsa cf. S. batodes DeWever, 1979, and Dictyomitra pessagnoi Nakaseko and Ni- shimura, 1979. Nakaseko and Nishimura (1979, p. 64) state that the stratigraphic position of the three radiolarian assem- blages cannot be precisely determined and that all three radiolarian assemblages range in age from the late Kar- nian through Norian time based on conodonts re- covered from both chert and limestone samples. A comparison of these faunal assemblages with other ra- diolarian assemblages reported from Japan (Yao, Mat- suda, and Isozaki, 1980; Yao, Matsuoka, and Naka- tani, 1982; and Kishida and Sugano, 1982) indicate that both the Tripocyclia cf. acythus Assemblage and the Emiluvia (?) cochleata Assemblage are older than the late Karnian and that the Emiluvia (?) cochleata Assemblage may be as old as early Karnian or even late Ladinian in age (see Text-fig. 7). Yao, Matsuda, and Isozaki (1980) described four distinctive radiolarian assemblages from the clastic sedimentary sequences (predominantly limestone and chert) in the Inuyama area, central Japan: Dictyomit- rella sp. A, Dictyomitrella sp. B, Dictyomitrella sp. C- Archaeodictyomitra sp. A, and Unama echinatus as- semblages (see Text-fig. 7). For the purpose of this report, only the Dictyomitrella sp. A and Dictyomit- rella sp. B assemblages will be discussed. Characteristic species belonging to the Dictyomit- rella sp. A Assemblage includes Dictyomitrella sp. A (7 Dictyomitrella deweveri in Nakaseko and Nishi- mura, 1979; in this report Dictyomitrella DeWever, 1979, is considered a junior synonym of Triassocampe Dumitrica, Kozur, and Mostler, 1980), Xiphosphaera sp. B, Staurosphaera sp. A (=Cecrops floridus in Na- kaseko and Nishimura, 1979), and Ellipsoxiphus sp. The Dictyomitrella sp. A Assemblage ranges in age from the Ladinian to the early Karnian Stage. Characteristic species belonging to the Dictyomit- rella sp. B Assemblage include Dictyomitrella sp. B (in this report, Dictyomitrella is considered a junior synonym of Triassocampe Dumitrica, Kozur, and Mostler, 1980), Capnodoce (?) sp., Spongosaturnalis multidentatus Kozur and Mostler, 1979 (in this report, Spongosaturnalis Campbell and Clark, 1944, is con- sidered a junior synonym of Acanthocircus Squinabol, 1903), Spongosaturnalis gracilis Kozur and Mostler, 1979, Triactoma sp. B (=Tripocyclia cf. T. acythus DeWever, 1979), Eucyrtidium (?) sp., and Syringo- capsa sp. A. The Dictyomitrella sp. B Assemblage ranges in age from the late Karnian to the middle (?) Norian. The poor preservation and the use of transmitted light photomicroscopy for illustration prevents a precise identification and comparison of Yao's taxa to other Japanese radiolarian assemblages. Kishida and Sugano (1982) established five assem- blage zones for Triassic strata from the Chichibu Belt in the Kuchi and Oita Prefecture, Japan (see Text-fig. 7). Their lower Eptingium manfredi (?) Zone is mainly characterized by taxa described by Nakaseko and Ni- shimura (1979). These taxa include Eptingium man- fredi (?) Dumitrica, 1977a, Triassocampe deweveri, Tripocyclia cf. T. acythus DeWever, 1979, Stylo- sphaera (?) compacta Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, S. (?) japonica Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, S. (?) spinulosa Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, and Stau- rodoras variabilis Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979. Al- though the majority of this assemblage represents the Ladinian Stage, the upper portion may extend into the lower Karnian (see Text-fig. 7). Overlying the Eptingium manfredi (?) Zone is the Capnodoce anapetes Zone. The base and the top are defined by the first and final occurrences of species belonging to the genus Capnodoce DeWever, 1979, such as C. anapetes DeWever, 1979 and C. primaria Pessagno, 1979. Kishida and Sugano (1982) tentatively place the base of this zone within the middle Karnian and the top somewhere within the middle Norian (see Text-fig. 7). The overlying Spongosaturnalis multidentatus Zone is typified by species of the genus Spongosaturnalis Campbell and Clark, 1944 (=Acanthocircus Squinabol, 1903, in this report), and Paleosaturnalis Donofrio and Mostler, 1978 (some forms = Pseudoheliodiscus Kozur and Mostler, 1972, in this report). Also included are Sarla natividadensis Pessagno, 1979 and S. vizcai- noensis Pessagno, 1979. Kishida and Sugano (1982) define the base of the zone with the first occurrence of Paleosaturnalis and the top of the zone as the final occurrence of most species belonging to both Spon- gosaturnalis and Paleosaturnalis. Their range for this assemblage zone is middle Norian to ? early Rhaetian. The top of the Triassic (Rhaetian) is represented by Kishida and Sugano's (1982) Pantanellium sp. B-Gor- gansium sp. A Zone. This zone is characterized by undescribed species of Pantanellium (sp. B), Gorgan- sium (sp. A), Paleosaturnalis (sp. L), and Dictyomitra (?) (sp. E). Three successive radiolarian assemblages of Middle to Late Triassic age have been established by Yao (1982) and include the Triassocampe deweveri Assemblage: the Triassocampe nova Assemblage, and the Canop- UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 19 tum triassicum Assemblage (see Text-fig. 7). These three radiolarian assemblages are based on Radiolaria col- lected from continuous sequences of chert in the In- uyama area, central Japan. Only those radiolarian as- semblages of Late Triassic age will be discussed in this report. Characteristic species belonging to the Triassocampe nova Assemblage include Triassocampe nova Yao, 1982, Xipha (?) pessagnoi (=Eucyrtidium ? pessagnoi in Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979), Syringocapsa ba- todes DeWever, 1979, Capnodoce sansa DeWever, 1979, C. venusta Pessagno, 1979, Capnuchosphaera triassica DeWever, 1979, and C. theoloides DeWever, 1979. The range of this assemblage is Karnian to mid- dle Norian. Overlying the Triassocampe nova Assemblage is the Canoptum triassicum Assemblage. Characteristic Species include Canoptum triassicum Yao, 1982, and numerous taxa belonging to the genus Paleosaturnalis Donofrio and Mostler, 1978 (some forms — Pseudo- heliodiscus Kozur and Mostler, 1972, in this report). The age of this radiolarian assemblage is late Norian to Rhaetian. Both Kishida and Sugano's Pantanellium sp. B-Gor- gansium sp. A Zone, as well as Yao's Canoptum trias- Sicum Assemblage, are supposedly Rhaetian (whole or part) 1n age. The Rhaetian Stage was originally named by Guembel (1861) for the Kossen beds ofthe Bavarian Alps. According to Silberling and Tozer (1968, p. 18), the Rhaetian Stage is generally regarded as the youngest Triassic stage and stratigraphically lies above the No- rian. It is unfortunate that its relationship to the Norian is not completely understood since the Kossen beds are not in stratigraphic contact with the typical am- monoid-bearing Norian strata of the Halstatt succes- Sion. All of the ammonoid genera of the typical Rhae- tian are known from Norian strata, with all but a few ammonoid taxa ranging from Norian to Rhaetian. In North America, the Rhaetian Stage is poorly rep- resented, except in the Gabbs Valley of Nevada and the Tyaughton Creek area of British Columbia (Sil- berling and Tozer, 1968). The stratigraphic evidence from North America and elsewhere indicates that the Rhaetian accounts for only a small portion of Triassic lime. For the purposes of this report, the Rhaetian Stage is disregarded. The youngest Triassic strata, rep- Tesented by the Betraccium deweveri Subzone, is of late Norian age based on the presence of Monotis subcir- cularis Gabb, 1864, and M. salinaria Bronn, 1830. The Capnuchosphaera theoloides (T) Assemblage of Nakaseko and Nishimura (1979), the Dictyomitrella Sp. B Assemblage of Yao, Matsuda, and Isozaki (1980), the Capnodoce anapetes Zone of Kishida and Sugano (1982), and the Triassocampe nova Assemblage of Yao (1982), all contain various taxa ofthe genus Capnodoce DeWever, 1979. The base of Kishida and Sugano's Capnodoce anapetes Zone 1s defined by the first oc- currence of the genus Capnodoce DeWever, and they questionably place this boundary at or near the middle Karnian Stage (see Text-fig. 7). The base of the Cap- nodoce Zone, as emended herein, is questionably placed within the upper Karnian due to the absence of datable megafossils within the lower portions of the Rail Cabin Mudstone and chert member of the San Hipolito For- mation, Baja California (see Biostratigraphy Section). The very top of the Capnodoce theoloides (T) As- semblage, the Capnodoce anapetes Zone, and the Triassocampe nova Assemblage, all occur within the middle Norian and near the upper middle Norian boundary defined by the final occurrence of Capnodoce DeWever proposed within this report. The very top of the Capnodoce anapetes Zone proposed by Kishida and Sugano (1982) 1s also defined by the final occur- rence of Capnodoce DeWever. The base of the Betraccium Zone (=base of the Pan- tanellium silberlingi Subzone) is defined by the first occurrence of the genus Betraccium Pessagno, 1979, as well as Pantanellium silberlingi Pessagno, 1979, Be- traccium smithi Pessagno, 1979, and Pseudoheliodiscus finchi Pessagno, 1979. These important North Amer- ican biostratigraphic markers are mostly absent in the Japanese assemblages. The top of the Pantanellium silberlingi Subzone (Betraccium Zone), as emended herein, is marked by the final occurrence of Capnu- chosphaera DeWever, 1979. Capnuchosphaera, al- though common in the older Japanese Capnucho- sphaera theoloides (T) Assemblage of Nakaseko and Nishimura (1979), Capnodoce anapetes Zone of Ki- shida and Sugano (1982), and Triassocampe nova As- semblage of Yao (1982), is surprisingly absent in the upper Norian Spongosaturnalis multidentatus Zone of Kishida and Sugano (1982) and Canoptum triassicum Assemblage of Yao (1982). Most of the other taxa be- longing to the Spongosaturnalis multidentatus Zone of Kishida and Sugano (1982) and Yao's Canoptum trias- sicum Assemblage, with the exception of various Pa- leosaturnalis sp. (Pseudoheliodiscus herein), are unrep- resented in the Betraccium deweveri Subzone. SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY INTRODUCTION Radiolarian morphotypic studies are commonly controlled by the state of preservation exhibited by the Radiolaria. Most Tertiary age Radiolaria have tests composed of opaline silica and are hyaline enough to 20 BULLETIN 318 be studied and illustrated utilizing transmitted light photomicroscopy. In contrast, Mesozoic and Paleozoic age Radiolaria rarely have tests comprised of opaline silica and are diagenetically altered to either chalce- dony or microcrystalline quartz. Many tests are com- pletely replaced by calcite, pyrite, limonite or smectite. Even when their tests are siliceous in composition, the common infilling ofthe test with aluminosilicates (clays) negates transmitted light photomicroscopy. These preservational problems inherent in Mesozoic radiolarian-bearing rocks brought about the utilization of both the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the standard reflected-light binocular microscope for Mesozoic radiolarian taxonomic studies. The scanning electron microscope is capable of recording the mi- nutest details of radiolarian morphology. Mesozoic Radiolaria commonly present a wealth of morphologic data, and such taxa are commonly described in more detail than would be normal utilizing transmitted light optics. It is therefore imperative that the Mesozoic radiolarian specialist utilize the reflected light micro- scope in conjunction with the SEM, and that any mor- phologic character that is not readily observable in reflected light be ignored in species differentiation. While both the external and internal features of Ce- nozoic Radiolaria are easily discernable utilizing stan- dard transmitted light photomicroscopy, most Meso- zoic age radiolarian faunas extracted from chert are usually too recrystallized to be examined in transmit- ted light. In contrast, siliceous radiolarian faunas ex- tracted from limestone or phosphatic concretions tend to be better preserved. This state of preservation may be due to either the presence of organics, an abundance of aluminosilicates, or to other factors that affect silica solubility in sedimentary rocks. An example of this preferred state of preservation is exhibited with a sam- ple from locality OR-39 (see Appendix). The siliceous mudstones overlying and underlying this limestone sample contain moderately well-preserved Radiolaria, and yet this sample contains better preserved forms, as well as an increase in abundance and diversity. It is not well understood at this time whether this increase in abundance and diversity is due to processing biases (the etching of the limestone utilizing HCl versus HF with chert) or to true paleoenvironmental differences. The Mesozoic and Paleozoic radiolarian specialist should always attempt to collect limestones in addition to cherts, so that transmitted light photomicroscopy can be utilized to ascertain radiolarian internal struc- tures. The development of a Mesozoic and Paleozoic radiolarian taxonomic classification that emphasizes internal structure, especially at the suprageneric level, is critical in understanding the phylogenetic relation- ships between different radiolarian taxa. Ten new genera and 54 new species are described herein. Rare or poorly preserved taxa may be figured but not described. Many of the Spumellariina taxa mentioned have been described by Pessagno (1979), DeWever (1979), or Blome (1983). Most of the new taxa described belong to the Nassellariina. The tests of many Triassic Nassellariina are multilayered, and one family in particular, the Canoptidae, possesses a thick outer layer of microgranular silica that covers the inner latticed mesh work. Nassellariina, especially those with thick test walls, tend to persist while other Ra- diolaria with more fragile tests have been destroyed by diagenetic alteration. All ringed Spumellariina mentioned herein belong- ing to the Family Parasaturnalidae possess well-de- veloped polar spines with fragmentary thorns and stur- dy spines (terminology after Yao, 1972). The fragmentary thorns mark the points of attachment of a concentrically layered spongy cortical shell, and the sturdy spines mark the attachment of the latticed med- ullary shells. - The terminology for describing the thickness of the bars of the pore frames among the Subfamily Panta- nellinae is taken from Pessagno and Blome (1980). “Y” equals the thickness of the bars as measured in a plane tangential to the test surface, and “Z” equals the thick- ness of bars as measured in a plane at right angles to test surface. Dimensions of specimens are given in um (1 um — 107% m). In the Spumellariina, measurements include the diameter of the cortical shell and the length of the primary spines. In the Nassellariina, both the length and maximum width of the test are measured. Type specimens (the holotype and one set of paratypes) are assigned catalogue numbers and deposited in the U.S. National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Wash- ington, D.C. A second set of paratypes, not as well preserved as those sent to the USNM, are kept in the Blome Collection, Menlo Park, CA. This collection serves as potential replacements (neotypes) in case of damage to the USNM types. Holotypes are isolated on one hole cardboard slides bearing a USNM catalogue number. All paratypes of a given taxon deposited at the USNM are mounted on one glass slide and bear à single USNM catalogue number. All taxa mentioned in this report are illustrated by means of scanning electron microscopy and some, where preservation permits, are illustrated by trans- mitted light photomicrography. Many of the speci- mens, especially new taxa, are photographed at in- creased magnifications to better illustrate a particular morphologic feature, such as spine or cortical shell structure with the spumellarians and horn or circum- ferential ridge ornamentation with the nassellarians. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 2 Measurements of the newly described taxa are made with a micrometer mounted in one ocular of either a Stereoscopic microscope (holotypes) or a transmitted light microscope (paratypes). Measurements made from bar scales on the scanning electron micrographs have proven to be be unreliable due to the inclination of the Specimens on the SEM stub. Order POLYCYSTIDA Ehrenberg, 1838 Suborder SPUMELLARIINA Ehrenberg, 1875 Superfamily SPONGODISCACEA Haeckel, 1887, (emend. Pessagno, 1971, 1973) Subsuperfamily SPONGODRUPPILAE Haeckel, 1887 (emend. Pessagno, 1973) Range and occurrence. — Triassic to Recent. World- wide. Family PARASATURNALIDAE Kozur and Mostler, 1972 (emend. Pessagno, 1979) Type genus.— Parasaturnalis Kozur and Mostler, O72 Range. — Upper Triassic (Karnian?; Norian) to Up- per Cretaceous (Maestrichtian). Occurrence. — Worldwide. Subfamily PARASATURNALINAE Kozur and Mostler, 1972 (emend. Pessagno, 1979) Type genus.— Parasaturnalis Kozur and Mostler, 19797 Range. — Upper Triassic (Karnian?; Norian) to Up- per Cretaceous (Maestrichtian). Occurrence. — Worldwide. Genus ACANTHOCIRCUS Squinabol, 1903 (emend. Pessagno, 1979) Acanthocircus Squinabol, 1903, p. 124. Spongosaturninus Campbell and Clark, 1944, p. 7 (type species = S. elliptus Campbell and Clark, 1944). Spongosaturnalis Campbell and Clark, 1944, p. 7 (type species = S. spiniferus Campbell and Clark, 1944). Type species. — Acanthocircus irregularis Squinabol, 1903 (subsequent designation by Campbell, 1954, p. D106). Remarks.— Spongosaturninus and Spongosaturnalis are herein regarded as junior synonyms of Acantho- circus. Range. — Upper Triassic (Karnian?; Norian) to Up- per Cretaceous (Maestrichtian). Occurrence. — Worldwide. Acanthocircus burnsensis new species Its Dewes ia Etymology. — This species is named for the town of Burns, located in east-central Oregon. Description. — Test with relatively wide ring, hex- agonal in outline. Peripheral spines narrow, long and broad; axial spines approximately the same length as circumaxial spines; six circumaxial spines, three to either side of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity subcircular in outline; polar spines long and narrow. Comparisons. — Acanthocircus burnsensis n. sp. dif- fers from A. macoyensis n. sp. by having a wider, more circular ring, and by having narrower axial and cir- cumaxial spines. Table 1.— Diagnostic features of species of Acanthocircus Squinabol, 1903. width of Taxa ring ring width number of spines spines ring cavity A. burnsensis hexagonal wide 8 narrow subcircular A. dotti elliptical wide 10 wide elliptical A. harrisonensis subcircular wide 12 wide elliptical A. izeensis square wide 8 moderate subcircular 4. largus octagonal wide 8 wide elliptical A. laxus subcircular wide 10 wide elliptical A. lupheri subcircular wide 8 wide elliptical A. macoyensis square wide 8 wide square A. ochocoensis elliptical wide 6 wide elliptical A. prinevillensis elliptical narrow 8 moderate elliptical A. rotundus circular narrow 4 moderate circular A. silverensis subcircular wide 8 moderate subcircular A. supleensis elliptical wide 12 wide elliptical A. usitatus elliptical wide 12 wide elliptical A. vigrassi elliptical narrow 12 moderate elliptical Measurements (in um). — maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305857) 44 151 All (9) paratypes (USNM 305858; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 53 170 smallest value recorded 42 96 mean value recorded 46 142 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39; paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305857; paratypes: USNM 305858 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus dotti new species Piate tienes: 2 57.12 Etymology. —This species is named for R. H. Dott in honor of his contributions to Permo-Triassic plate tectonics in the western Cordilleran region. Description. — Test with wide ring, elliptical in out- line. Peripheral spines massive, extremely broad; axial spines as wide as and slightly longer than the circum- axial spines; eight (rarely nine) circumaxial spines, four to either side of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity elliptical in outline; polar spines long and broad. Comparisons. — Acanthocircus dottin. sp. differs from A. laxus n. sp. by having a ring and ring cavity that is elliptical in outline, and by having a wider, more mas- sive ring. Measurements (in um). — maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305859) 38 84 All (9) paratypes (USNM 305860; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 46 120 smallest value recorded 29 62 mean value recorded 36 96 Type locality. —OR-139 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305859; paratypes: USNM 305860 and Blome collection. BULLETIN 318 Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus harrisonensis new species Plate 1, figures 4, 5, 13 Etymology.— This species is named for Harrison Mountain, located directly east of the town of Izee, east-central Oregon. Description. — Test with wide ring, subcircular in outline. Peripheral spines massive, long and broad; axial spines approximately the same length and width as the circumaxial spines; ten circumaxial spines, five to either side of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity elliptical in outline. Comparisons. — Acanthocircus harrisonensis n. sp. differs from A. usitatus n. sp. by having a ring that is subcircular in outline, and by having wider, more mas- sive peripheral spines. Measurements (in um).— maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305861) 38 02 All (7) paratypes (USNM 305862; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 51 121 smallest value recorded 32 56 mean value recorded 41 81 Type locality. — OR-139 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305861; paratypes: USNM 305862 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus izeensis new species Plate 1, figures 6, 14 Etymology.— This species is named for the town of Izee, located in east-central Oregon. Description. — Test with wide ring, nearly square in outline. Peripheral spines massive; axial spines longer and thinner than the circumaxial spines; six circum- axial spines, three to either side of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity subcircular in outline. Comparisons. — Acanthocircus izeensis n. sp. differs from A. macoyensis n. sp. by having a ring that is wider and less square in outline and by having a subcircular ring cavity. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME po Measurements (in um). — maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305863) 44 IS All (8) paratypes (USNM 305864; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 39 151 smallest value recorded 34 91 mean value recorded 44 117 Type locality. —OR-51 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305863; paratypes: USNM 305864 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus largus new species Plate 1 apros OUO l6 Etymology. —largus (Latin) = abundant, plentiful, numerous. Description. — Test with wide ring, octagonal in out- line. Peripheral spines massive, long and broad; axial Spines as wide as and slightly longer than the circum- axial spines; six (rarely seven) circumaxial spines, three to either side of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity elliptical in outline. Comparisons. — Acanthocircus largus n. sp. differs from A. ochocoensis n. sp. and A. prinevillensis n. sp. by having a wider ring, and by having a ring that is octagonal in outline. Measurements (in um).— maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305865) 43 113 AII (8) paratypes (USNM 305866; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 48 168 smallest value recorded 34 90 mean value recorded 40 1125 Type locality.—OR-52 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305865; paratypes: USNM 305866 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus laxus new species Plate 1, figures 9, 17 Etymology.—laxus (Latin) = wide, spacious. Description. — Test with wide ring, subcircular in outline. Peripheral spines massive, long, broad; axial spines approximately the same length and width as the circumaxial spines; eight circumaxial spines, four to either side of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity elliptical in outline. Comparisons.— Acanthocircus laxus n. sp. differs from A. dotti n. sp. by having a narrower, less massive ring that 1s subcircular in outline. Measurements (in um).— maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305867) 26 90 All (7) paratypes (USNM 305868; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 35 É 121 smallest value recorded 25 62 mean value recorded 29 2290 Type locality.—OR-139 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305867; paratypes: USNM 305868 and Blome collection. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus lupheri new species Plate 1, figures 10, 18 Etymology. — This species is named for R. L. Lupher in honor of his contributions to the Jurassic stratig- raphy of the Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Description. — Test with wide ring, subcircular in outline. Peripheral spines massive, long and broad; axial spines longer than circumaxial spines; six circum- axial spines, three to either side of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity elliptical in outline; polar spines short, broad. Comparisons. — Acanthocircus lupheri n. sp. differs from 4A. silverensis n. sp. having a much narrower, less massive ring. Measurements (in um).— maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305869) 40 152 All (7) paratypes (USNM 305870; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 48 181 smallest value recorded 32 112 mean value recorded 37 146 Type locality. —OR-39 (see Appendix). 24 BULLETIN 318 Types. — Holotype: USNM 305869; paratypes: USNM 305870 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus macoyensis new species Iac ours Etymology. — This species is named for McCoy Creek, located northwest of the town of Izee, east-central Or- egon. Description. — Test with wide ring, square in outline. Peripheral spines massive, long and broad; axial spines longer and thinner than the circumaxial spines; six circumaxial spines, three to either side of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity square in outline. Comparisons. — Acanthocircus macoyensis n. sp. dif- fers from 4. izeensis n. sp. by having a ring that is narrower and more square in outline, and by having a square ring cavity. Measurements (1n um).— maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305871) 40 187 All (8) paratypes (USNM 305872; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 43 206 smallest value recorded 36 106 mean value recorded 40 156 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-55 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305871; paratypes: USNM 305872 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus ochocoensis new species Plate 2, figures 2, 13 Etymology. — This species is named for the Ochoco National Forest, located in east-central Oregon. Description. — Test with ring, elliptical in outline. Pe- ripheral spines massive, long, broad; axial spines lon- ger than and approximately the same width as the cir- cumaxial spines; six circumaxial spines, three to either side of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity elliptical in outline; polar spines long, broad. Comparisons.— Acanthocircus ochocoensis n. sp. dif- fers from A. largus n. sp. by having a ring and ring cavity that is more elliptical in outline, and by having a slightly narrower ring. Measurements (in um).— maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305873) 37 119 All (8) paratypes (USNM 305874; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 40 149 smallest value recorded 39 7 mean value recorded 37 1412 Type locality. —OR-52 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305873; paratypes: USNM 305874 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus prinevillensis new species Plate 2, figures 3, 14 Etymology.— This species is named for the town of Prineville, located 1n east-central Oregon. Description. — Test with narrow ring, elliptical in outline. Peripheral spines massive; axial spines slightly longer than circumaxial spines; six circumaxial spines, three to either side of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity elliptical in outline; polar spines long, broad. Comparisons. — Acanthocircus prinevillensis n. sp. differs from A. largus n. sp. and A. ochocoensis n. sp. by having a much narrower ring. Measurements (1n um).— maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305875) S 109 All (6) paratypes (USNM 305876; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 36 154 smallest value recorded 28 89 mean value recorded on 114 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305875; paratypes: USNM 305876 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus rotundus new species Plates: fissures: 4.54115 Etymology. —rotundus (Latin) = round, circular. Description. — Test with narrow ring, circular in out- UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 25 line. Peripheral spines massive, long and broad; axial spines approximately the same length as circumaxial spines; two circumaxial spines, one to either side of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity circular in outline. Comparisons.— Acanthocircus rotundus n. sp. differs from 4. vigrassi n. sp. by having a circular ring and ring cavity, and by having four rather than six periph- eral spines. Measurements (1n um).— maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305877) 28 138 All (8) paratypes (USNM 305878; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 29 185 smallest value recorded 21 96 mean value recorded 25 136 Type locality.—OR-39 (see Appendix). Types. —Holotype: USNM 305877; paratypes: USNM 305878 and Blome collection. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus silverensis new species Plate 2, figures 6, 16 Etymology. — This species is named for Silver Creek, located in the Suplee-Izee area, eastern Oregon. Description. — Test with broad ring, subcircular in outline. Peripheral spines massive, of medium length and width; axial spines about same length as circum- axial spines; six circumaxial spines, three to either side Of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity Subcircular in outline; polar spines short, broad. Comparisons. — Acanthocircus silverensis n. sp. dif- fers from A. burnsensis n. sp. by having a much broader ring, and by having more massive axial and circum- axial spines. Measurements (1n um).— maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305879) 56 96 All (7) paratypes (USNM 305880; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 60 142 smallest value recorded 46 86 mean value recorded 51 116 Type locality. — OR-39 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305879; paratypes: USNM 305880 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus supleensis new species late eet ouness 7. 17. Etymology.—This species is named for the town of Suplee, located in east-central Oregon. Description.— Test with wide ring, elliptical in out- line. Peripheral spines massive, long and broad; axial spines slightly more massive and sometimes longer when compared with the circumaxial spines; ten cir- cumaxial spines, five to either side of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity elliptical in outline; polar spines long and broad. Comparisons. — Acanthocircus supleensis n. sp. dif- fers from 4. harrisonensis n. sp. by having a ring and ring cavity that is elliptical in outline. A. supleensis n. sp. differs from 4. sp. cf. A. triassicus Kozur and Most- ler, 1972, by having wider, more massive peripheral spines. Measurements (in um).— maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305881) 28 86 All (7) paratypes (USNM 305882; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 33 103 smallest value recorded 26 dl mean value recorded 29 87 Type locality. — OR-139 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305881; paratypes: 305882 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus usitatus new species Plate 2, figures 8, 18 Etymology. — usitatus (Latin) = usual, ordinary. Description. — Test with narrow ring, elliptical in outline. Peripheral spines massive; axial spines appre- ciably longer than circumaxial spines; ten circumaxial spines, five to either side of axis defined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity elliptical in outline. Comparisons.— Acanthocircus usitatus n. sp. differs from A. supleensis n. sp. by having a narrower ring, and by having narrower, less massive peripheral spines. A. usitatus n. sp. differs from A. fluegeli Kozur and Mostler, 1972, by having an elliptical (versus subcir- 26 BULLETIN 318 cular) ring and ring cavity. A. usitatus n. sp. has been compared to 4. harrisonensis n. sp. under the latter species. Measurements (1n um).— maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305883) 38 160 All (9) paratypes (USNM 305884; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 42 178 smallest value recorded 30 103 mean value recorded 37 141 Type locality. —OR-39 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305883; paratypes: USNM 305884 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus vigrassi new species Plate 2, figures 9, 10 Etymology. — This species is named for Laurence W. Vigrass in honor of his contributions towards the Pa- leozoic history of the Suplee-Izee area, east-central Or- egon. Description.— Test with narrow ring, subcircular in outline. Peripheral spines massive, long and narrow; axial spines slightly longer than circumaxial spines; four circumaxial spines, two to either side of axis de- fined by axial and polar spines. Ring cavity elliptical in outline; polar spines long and broad. Comparisons.— Acanthocircus vigrassi n. sp. differs from A. rotundus n. sp. by having a subcircular ring and an elliptical ring cavity. A. vigrassi n. sp. differs from A. hexagonus Yao, 1972, by having a ring that is more circular in outline, by lacking ridges on the ring and peripheral spines, and by possessing axial spines. Measurements (in um).— maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305885) 20 69 All (8) paratypes (USNM 305886; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 24 90 smallest value recorded 18 53 mean value recorded 2i 71 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-52 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305885; paratypes: USNM 305886 and Blome collection. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Acanthocircus species A Plate 2, figure 11 Comparisons.— Acanthocircus sp. A differs from other species of Acanthocircus described in this report by having a subelliptical ring and ring cavity in com- bination with massive axial and circumaxial spines. Range and occurrence.— OR-139. Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Ore- gon. Rare. Acanthocircus species B Plate 3, figure 1 Comparisons. — Acanthocircus sp. B differs from A. supleensis n. sp. by having a more rectangular ring with fewer (eight versus ten) circumaxial spines. Range and occurrence. —OR-139. Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Ore- gon. Rare. Acanthocircus species C Plate 3, figure 2 Comparisons.— Acanthocircus sp. C differs from 4. silverensis n. sp. by having a circular ring and ring cavity, and by having 11 or 12 circumaxial spines. 4. sp. C differs from A. triassicus Kozur and Mostler, 1972, by having significantly shorter peripheral spines, and by having axial spines that are appreciably longer than the circumaxial spines. Range and occurrence.— OR-39. Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Ore- gon. Rare. Acanthocircus species D Plate 3, figure 3 Comparisons. — Acanthocircus sp. D differs from A. laxus n. sp. by having a wider, more massive ring, and by having a ring cavity that is subcircular in outline. Range and occurrence. —OR-39. Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Ore- gon. Rare. Acanthocircus species E Plate 3, figures 4, 5 Comparisons. — Acanthocircus sp. E differs from A. dotti n. sp. by having a ring and ring cavity that is | | UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 27 square in outline, and by having a wider, more massive ring. Range and occurrence.— OR-139. Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Ore- gon. Rare. Subfamily HELIOSATURNALINAE Kozur and Mostler, 1972 (emend. Pessagno, 1979) Type genus.— Heliosaturnalis Kozur and Mostler, 1972. Range. — Upper Triassic (Karnian?; Norian) to Low- er Jurassic (upper Pliensbachian/Toarcian). Occurrence. — Worldwide. Genus PSEUDOHELIODISCUS Kozur and Mostler, 1972 (emend. Pessagno, 1979) Type species. — Pseudoheliodiscus riedeli Kozur and Mostler, 1972. Range. — Upper Triassic (Karnian?; Norian) to Low- er Jurassic (upper Pliensbachian/Toarcian). Occurrence. — Triassic of Austria, California, Wash- ington, Alaska, western Canada (Queen Charlotte Is- lands), and Japan. It also occurs in the Lower Jurassic of California and Turkey. Pseudoheliodiscus finchi Pessagno Pseudoheliodiscus finchi Pessagno, 1979, pp. 170—171, pl. 5, figs. 9- 10. Comparisons.— Pseudoheliodiscus finchi Pessagno differs from P. sandspitensis n. sp. by having a nar- Tower ring, and by having peripheral spines that are Wider in diameter as well as smaller in number (10 versus 14). Range.— Upper Triassic (upper middle to lower up- per Norian). Occurrence.—San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Pseudoheliodiscus sandspitensis new species Plate 3, figures 6, 7; Plate 17, figure 1 Etymology. — This species is named for the town of Sandspit, located on Skidegate Inlet, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Description. — Test with wide ring. Peripheral spines massive, short and broad; axial spines about the same length as the circumaxial spines; seven circumaxial Spines on either side of the polar axis. Ring cavity large; polar spines of medium length, one shorter than the other; auxiliary spines slightly shorter than polar spines, two to either side of axis defined by polar spines. Comparisons. — Pseudoheliodiscus sandspitensis n. sp. differs from P. viejoensis Pessagno, 1979, by having a slightly broader ring, by having a larger number of peripheral spines with seven circumaxial spines to either side of the polar axis, and by having longer auxiliary spines. Measurements (in um).— maximum maximum diameter of length of ring peripheral spines Holotype (USNM 305887) 43 48 All (5) paratypes (USNM 305888; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 44 39 smallest value recorded 20 40 mean value recorded 39 49 Type locality. — QC-24 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305887; paratypes: USNM 305888 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Middle black limestone member of the Kunga Formation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Pseudoheliodiscus viejoensis Pessagno Pseudoheliodiscus viejoensis Pessagno, 1979, p. 171, pl. 5, fig. 12. Comparisons. — Pseudoheliodiscus viejoensis Pessa- gno differs from P. sandspitensis n. sp. by having a narrower and more circular ring. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper middle to lower up- per Norian). Occurrence.—San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Superfamily LOSPHAERACEA Haeckel, 1881 Subsuperfamily LIOSPHAERILAE Haeckel, 1881 Family CAPNUCHOSPHAERIDAE DeWever, 1979 (emend. Pessagno, 1979; emend. Blome, 1983) Type genus. — Capnuchosphaera DeWever, 1979. Comparisons.— The Capnuchosphaeridae differs from the Pantanellidae Pessagno, 1977b, by possessing a double-layered cortical shell. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Worldwide. Genus CAPNUCHOSPHAERA DeWever, 1979 (emend. Pessagno, 1979; emend. Blome, 1983) Type species. — Capnuchosphaera triassica De- Wever, 1979. Comparisons. — Capnuchosphaera differs from Sarla Pessagno, 1979, by possessing tumidaspinae. Capnu- chosphaera also differs from Icrioma DeWever, 1979, by possessing three (versus four) primary spines. 28 BULLETIN 318 Table 2.— Diagnostic features of species of Capnuchosphaera DeWever, 1979. Taxa shell outline tunnel tumors shaft C. colemani ovate long prominent long C. deweveri spherical moderate prominent long C. lenticulata compressed moderate prominent long C. mexicana spherical short prominent short C. schenki spherical long prominent long C. silviesensis spherical short subdued long C. smithorum spherical long prominent long C. sockensis spherical short subdued long C. soldierensis spherical long prominent long Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Baja California, eastern Oregon, Cal- ifornia, Alaska, British Columbia, Oman, Greece, Sic- ily, Turkey, and Japan. Capnuchosphaera colemani Blome Plate 3, figure 8 Capnuchosphaera colemani Blome, 1983, p. 15, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, 6, T. 10:55. Comparisons.— Capnuchosphaera colemani differs from C. smithorum Blome, 1983, and C. schenki Blome, 1983, by having an ovate-shaped cortical shell, and by having tumidaspinae that are more massive in character. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-139 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305785; paratypes: USNM 305786 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnuchosphaera deweveri Kozur and Mostler, 1979 (emend. Blome, 1983) Plate 3, figure 9 Capnuchosphaera deweveri Kozur and Mostler, 1979, pp. 75-76, pl. 10, figs. 4-7; pl. 12, fig. 1. Capnuchosphaera deweveri Kozur and Mostler. Blome, 1983, p. 16, pL E, figs. 3,8, 9, 16, 18. Comparisons. — Capnuchosphaera deweveri differs from C. soldierensis Blome, 1983, by having tumida- spinae with smooth, rather than porous, spinal tunnels, and by having well-developed spinal tumors. Range. — Upper Triassic (Karnian to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — East-central Oregon, Alaska, and Eu- rope. Capnuchosphaera lenticulata Pessagno Capnuchosphaera lenticulata Pessagno, 1979, p. 173, pl. 7, figs. 1- OM pls As Comparisons. — Capnuchosphaera lenticulata Pes- sagno differs from C. smithorum Blome, 1983, as well as from other species described in this report, by pos- sessing a lenticular cortical shell. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper middle to lower up- per Norian). Occurrence.—San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Capnuchosphaera mexicana Pessagno Capnuchosphaera mexicana Pessagno, 1979, p. 173, pl. 6, figs. 3- 6, pl. 9, fig. 3. Comparisons. — Capnuchosphaera mexicana Pes- sagno differs from C. schenki Blome, 1983, and C. smithorum Blome, 1983, by having larger pore frames. and by possessing shorter tumidaspinae. C. mexicana also differs from C. colemani Blome, 1983 by having a larger, spherical cortical shell possessing larger pore frames. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper middle to lower up- per Norian). Occurrence.—San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Capnuchosphaera schenki Blome Plate 3, figure 10 Capnuchosphaera schenki Blome, 1983, p. 16, pl. 1, figs. 4, 12, 14, 17. Comparisons.— Capnuchosphaera schenki differs from C. colemani Blome, 1983, and C. smithorum Blome, 1983, by having tumidaspinae with spinal tu- mors that are less massive, and by having longer spinal tunnels. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-148 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305789; paratypes: USNM 305790 and Blome collection. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 29 Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to Upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnuchosphaera silviesensis Blome Plate 3, figure 13 Capnuchosphaera silviesensis Blome, 1983, pp. 16-17, pl. 1, figs. 5, BEDRA Comparisons. — Capnuchosphaera silviesensis differs from C. sockensis Blome, 1983, by having a cortical shell that consists of an outer layer of flat, hexagonal and pentagonal (versus raised and polygonal) pore frames, and by having more uniformly sized pore frames. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnuchosphaera smithorum Blome Plate 3, figure 11 Capnuchosphaera smithorum Blome, 1983, p. 17, pl. 2, figs. 1, 6, 9, 5: Comparisons. — Capnuchosphaera smithorum dif- fers from C. colemani Blome, 1983, by having a larger, more spherical cortical shell. C. smithorum also differs from C. schenki Blome, 1983, by having tumidaspinae with more massive spinal tumors, and by having small secondary indentations situated midway between the tumidapores at the base of the spinal tumor. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305793; paratypes: USNM 305794 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to Upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — East-central Oregon, Alaska. Capnuchosphaera sockensis Blome Plate 3, figure 12 Capnuchosphaera sockensis Blome, 1983, p. 17, pl. 2, figs. 2, 13, 14, 16. Comparisons.— Capnuchosphaera sockensis differs from C. silviesensis Blome, 1983, by having a cortical Shell that consists of an outer layer of raised (versus flat) pentagonal to hexagonal pore frames, and by hav- ing pore frames that are more varied in size. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-148 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305795; paratypes: USNM 305796 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnuchosphaera soldierensis Blome Plate 3, figure 14 Capnuchosphaera soldierensis Blome, 1983, pp. 17-18, pl. 2, figs. 3, go Los Ege Comparisons.— Capnuchosphaera soldierensis dif- fers from C. silviesensis Blome, 1983, by having a larg- er cortical shell, and by having primary spines that display weak to moderate torsion. Type localities.— Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-55 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305797; paratypes: USNM 305798 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Genus CATOMA Blome, 1983 Type species. — Catoma geometrica Blome, 1983. Comparisons.— Catoma differs from Icrioma DeWever, 1979, by having primary spines that lack tumidaspinae (medial portion with alternating ridges and grooves). Catoma also differs from Hagiastrum Haeckel, 1881 (emend. Baumgartner, 1980), and any other genera belonging to the Hagiastridae Riedel, 1971 (emend. Baumgartner, 1980), by having a two-layered cortical shell. ; Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Catoma concinna Blome Plate 3. heure 15 Catoma concinna Blome, 1983, pp. 20-21, pl. 4, figs. 2, 12, 14, 18. Comparisons. — Catoma concinna differs from C. geometrica Blome, 1983, and C. inedita Blome, 1983, by having a smaller cortical shell, by having smaller, less massive nodes at the pore frame vertices, and by having primary spines with both the medial and distal portions exhibiting alternating ridges and grooves. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305807; paratypes: USNM 305808 and Blome collection. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Catoma geometrica Blome Plate 3, figure 16 Catoma geometrica Blome, 1983, p. 21, pl. 4, figs. 3, 9, 15, 16, 19. Comparisons.— Catoma geometrica differs from C. concinna Blome, 1983, and C. inedita Blome, 1983, by having primary spines that possess a short, trira- diate medial portion, and by having primary spines with wider ridges separating grooves. C. geometrica also differs from C. concinna by having a larger cortical shell, and by having larger, more massive nodes at the pore frame vertices. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-148 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305809; paratypes: USNM 305810 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Catoma inedita Blome Plate 3; figurei 7 Catoma inedita Blome, 1983, p. 21, pl. 4, figs. 4, 10, 11, 20; pl. 11, fig. TE Comparisons.— Catoma inedita differs from C. con- cinna Blome, 1983, and C. geometrica Blome, 1983, by having both the proximal and medial portions of the primary spines consisting of polygonal pore frames. C. inedita also differs from C. concinna by possessing a larger cortical shell, and by having larger, more mas- sive nodes at the pore frame vertices. Type localities.—Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305811; paratypes: USNM 305812 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Genus ICRIOMA DeWever, 1979 (emend. Blome, 1983) Type species.— Icrioma tetrancistra DeWever, 1979. Comparisons.— Icrioma differs from Catoma Blome, 1983, by having primary spines that possess tumida- spinae. /crioma also differs from other genera belong- ing to the family Capnuchosphaeridae DeWever, 1979, by having a four-sided cortical shell with four radially arranged primary spines, and by having an outer layer of meshwork consisting of variably sized, raised po- BULLETIN 318 lygonal pore frames with massive nodes at the pore frame vertices. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Eastern Oregon, Sicily, and Turkey. Icrioma praecipua Blome Plate 3, figure 18 Icrioma praecipua Blome, 1983, p. 22, pl. 5, figs. 1, 6, 14; pl. 11, fig. 9. Comparisons. — Icrioma praecipua differs from J. transversa Blome, 1983, by having radially arranged primary spines that do not lie in the same plane, and by having primary spines with less prominent spinal tumors. I. praecipua differs from J. tetrancistra DeWever, 1979, by having a four-sided (versus sub- spherical) cortical shell, and by having primary spines with less prominent spinal tumors. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-148 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305813; paratypes: USNM 305814 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Icrioma transversa Blome Plate 3, figure 19 Icrioma transversa Blome, 1983, pp. 22-23, pl. 5, figs. 2, 7, 8, 11, ly pi tise lo) Comparisons.—Icrioma transversa differs from I. praecipua Blome, 1983, and J. tetrancistra DeWever, 1979, by having four radially arranged primary spines that occur in the same plane. /. transversa differs from I. praecipua by having primary spines with well-de- veloped, prominent spinal tumors. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-148 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305815; paratypes: USNM 305816 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Genus SARLA Pessagno, 1979 Type species. — Sarla prietoensis Pessagno, 1979. Comparisons. — Sarla differs from Capnuchosphaera DeWever, 1979, by having primary spines that lack pronounced, swollen medial portions (tumidaspinae). Sarla differs from Tripocyclia Haeckel, 1881, by pos- sessing a double-layered cortical shell. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 24 Table 3.— Diagnostic features of species of Sarla Pessagno, 1979. triradiate portion of width of Taxa shell primary spines primary spines torsion S. delicata spherical proximal half narrow slight S. (?) externa spherical proximal fourth narrow none S. longispinosa spherical entire narrow none S. natividadensis spherical entire narrow strong S. plena spherical entire narrow slight S. prietoensis subspherical entire wide strong S. vetusta subspherical entire wide slight S. vizcainoensis spherical two-thirds wide strong Range. — Upper Triassic (lower Karnian to upper Norian). Occurrence. — Baja California, eastern Oregon, Alas- ka, and British Columbia. Sarla delicata Blome Plate 3, figure 20 Sarla delicata Blome, 1983, p. 18, pl. 3, figs. 1, 6, 14. Comparisons.— Sarla delicata differs from S. (?) ex- terna Blome, 1983, by having more primary spines that are triradiate in axial section (!^ to % of total length), and by possessing primary spines that display Slight torsion. Type localities.—Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305799; paratypes: USNM 305800 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to Upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Sarla (?) externa Blome Plate 4, figure 1 Sarla (?) externa Blome, 1983, pp. 18-19, pl. 3, figs. 2, 8, 9, 15. Comparisons. — Sarla (?) externa Blome, differs from S. delicata Blome, 1983, by having only the proximal fourth of each primary spine triradiate in axial section, and by possessing primary spines that lack torsion. S. (?) externa Blome, is questionably assigned to the genus Sarla. Unlike most species of the genus, S. (?) externa Blome, lacks primary spines that are triradiate in axial Section for most of their length. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-55 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305801; paratypes: USNM 305802 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to Upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Sarla longispinosa (Kozur and Mostler, 1979) (emend. Blome, 1983) Plate 4, figure 3 Triactoma longispinosum Kozur and Mostler, 1979, p. 59, pl. 1, fig. 6 pl Henes aS; Pisl2 ene 0 ple IS hp. 1. Sarla longispinosum (Kozur and Mostler). Blome, 1983, pp. 19-20, pl. 3, figs. 5, 7, 10, 18; pl. 11, fig. 4. : Comparisons. — Sarla longispinosa differs from S. delicata Blome, 1983, and S. (?) externa Blome, 1983, by having primary spines that are triradiate in axial section, the exception being the circular distal end. S. longispinosa also differs from S. sp. A of Pessagno (1979), by having primary spines with grooves sepa- rated by thinner, less massive ridges. Range.— Upper Triassic (Karnian to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Eastern Oregon, Europe. Types.— The type specimens of Sarla longispinosa were kept by Kozur, and have no numerical designa- tion. Sarla natividadensis Pessagno Sarla natividadensis Pessagno, 1979, p. 174, pl. 7, figs. 9-11. Comparisons. — Sarla natividadensis Pessagno dif- fers from S. plena n. sp. by having a larger, less spher- ical cortical shell that possesses larger pore frames, and by having broader primary spines that display greater torsion. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Sarla plena Blome Plate 4, figure 2 Sarla plena Blome, 1983, p. 19, pl. 3, figs. 3, 11, 12, 16. Comparisons. — Sarla plena differs from S. nativi- dadensis Pessagno, 1979, by having a smaller cortical shell, and by having less massive primary spines with thinner ridges separating grooves. S. plena differs from S. delicata Blome, 1983, by having primary spines that 32 BULLETIN 318 are completely triradiate in axial section. S. plena also differs from S. longispinosum (Kozur and Mostler, 1979), by having primary spines that display slight to moderate torsion and have ridges separated by wider grooves. Type locality. — OR-139 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305803; paratypes: USNM 305804 and Blome collection. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Sarla prietoensis Pessagno Sarla prietoensis Pessagno, 1979, p. 174, pl. 8, figs. 3-6. Comparisons.—Sarla prietoensis Pessagno differs from S. delicata n. sp. and S. plena n. sp. by having a subspherical cortical shell and by having more massive primary spines that display greater torsion. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper middle to lower up- per Norian). Occurrence.—San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Sarla vetusta Pessagno Sarla vetusta Pessagno, 1979, pp. 174-175, pl. 7, figs. 4, 6-7, 13- 14. Comparisons.—Sarla vetusta Pessagno differs from S. vizcainoensis Pessagno by having primary spines that display less torsion, and that are completely tri- radiate in axial section. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper middle to lower up- per Norian). Occurrence.—San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Sarla sp. aff. S. vetusta Pessagno Plate 4, figure 4 Sarla sp. aff. S. vetusta Pessagno. Blome, 1983, p. 19, pl. 3, figs. 4, 135, 14 Comparisons.—' This form differs from S. vetusta Pessagno, 1979, by having a more spherical cortical shell, and by possessing primary spines that display slightly greater torsion. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — East-central Oregon, Alaska. Sarla vizcainoensis Pessagno Sarla vizcainoensis Pessagno, 1979, p. 175, pl. 7, figs. 8, 12. Comparisons. — Sarla vizcainoensis Pessagno differs from S. plena n. sp. and S. vetusta Pessagno by having primary spines that display greater torsion, and by hav- ing primary spines in which the distal third is circular in axial section. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper middle to lower up- per Norian). Occurrence.—San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Family PANTANELLIDAE Pessagno, 1977b (emend. Pessagno and Blome, 1980) Type genus.— Pantanellium Pessagno, 1977a. Comparisons. — The Pantanellidae is divided into two subfamilies, the Capnodocinae Pessagno (1979), and the Pantanellinae Pessagno (1977b), on the basis of the structure of the primary spines and radial beams. Range.— Upper Triassic (Karnian) to Lower Creta- ceous (Albian). Occurrence. — Worldwide. Subfamily CAPNODOCINAE Pessagno, 1979 (emend. Blome, 1983) Type genus.— Capnodoce DeWever, 1979. Comparisons. — The Capnodocinae differs from the Pantanellinae Pessagno, 1977b, by possessing hollow. tubular rather than solid, bladed primary spines and radial beams. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Baja California, eastern Oregon, Washington, Alaska, California, British Columbia, Oman, Greece, Sicily, Turkey, and Japan. Genus CAPNODOCE DeWever, 1979 (emend. Pessagno, 1979; emend. Blome, 1983) Type species. — Capnodoce anapetes DeWever, 1979. Comparisons. — Capnodoce differs from Loffa Pes- sagno, 1979, and Renzium Blome, 1983, by having three radially arranged, tubular primary spines that lie in the same plane. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Karnian to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Baja California, eastern Oregon, Washington, Alaska, California, British Columbia, Oman, Greece, Sicily, Turkey, and Japan. Capnodoce sp. aff. C. anapetes DeWever Plate 4, figure 18 Capnodoce anapetes DeWever, 1979, p. 81, pl. 2, figs. 5-7. Capnodoce sp. aff. C. anapetes DeWever. Blome, 1983, p. 23, pl. 8, figs 35 OMS pes rele UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME a3 Table 4.—Diagnostic features of species of Capnodoce DeWever, 1979. primary spines Taxa shell outline nodes length symmetry shape C. aff. C. anapetes subtriangular small moderate symmetrical expanding distally C. angusta circular large short asymmetrical tapering distally C. antiqua circular large short symmetrical expanding distally C. baldiensis circular large moderate symmetrical uniform diameter C. beaulieui subcircular large moderate asymmetrical expanding distally C. copiosa circular large moderate symmetrical expanding proximally and distally C. crystallina subspherical large moderate symmetrical tapering proximally and distally C. extenta subcircular moderate moderate symmetrical expanding distally C. fragilis subcircular large long symmetrically curved expanding distally C. insueta circular large moderate symmetrical expanding distally C. kochi circular large moderate symmetrical uniform diameter C. malaca circular large moderate symmetrical uniform diameter C. media circular large short symmetrical expanding distally C. miniscula circular large moderate symmetrical expanding distally C. primaria subspherical large long symmetrical uniform diameter C. sinuosa circular large moderate symmetrically curved expanding distally C. traversi subspherical small moderate symmetrical uniform diameter , C. venusta circular small moderate symmetrical tapering proximally and distally Comparisons. — This form differs from C. anapetes by having a subtriangular cortical shell with slightly rounded sides. The general shape of the primary spines seems comparable to that displayed by the European Specimen. Range.— Upper Triassic (Karnian to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, east-central Or- egon; and the Isparta Cay Formation, Turkey. Capnodoce angusta Blome Plate 4, figure 5 Capnodoce angusta Blome, 1983, pp. 23-24, pl. 5, figs. 3, 9, 10, 16. Comparisons.— Capnodoce angusta differs from C. copiosa Blome, 1983, by having primary spines that are asymmetrically arranged. Type locality. —OR-143 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305817; paratypes: USNM 305818 and Blome collection. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to Upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnodoce antiqua Blome Plate 4, figure 6 Capnodoce antiqua Blome, 1983, p. 24, pl. 5, figs. 4, 12, 17. Comparisons. — Capnodoce antiqua differs from C. copiosa Blome, 1983, by having wider, more massive Primary spines. C. antiqua differs from C. media Blome, 1983, by having primary spines that are thinner me- dially. Type localities.—Holotype from OR-6. Paratypes from OR-6 and OR-139 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305819; paratypes: USNM 305820 and Blome collection. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnodoce baldiensis Blome Plate 4, figure 7 Capnodoce baldiensis Blome, 1983, p. 24-25, pl. 5, figs. 5, 13, 18. Comparisons. — Capnodoce baldiensis differs from C. extenta Blome, 1983, and C. insueta Blome, 1983, by having narrower, less massive primary spines that maintain the same diameter over most of their length. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-6. Paratypes from OR-6 and OR-139 (see Appendix). Types. —Holotype: USNM 305821; paratypes: USNM 305822 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnodoce beaulieui Blome Plate 4, figure 8 Capnodoce beaulieui Blome, 1983, p. 25, pl. 6, figs. 1, 8, 13, 15. Comparisons. — Capnodoce beaulieui differs from C. angusta Blome, 1983, by having longer, more massive primary spines, and by having nodes at the pore frame vertices that are more massive and higher in relief. C. beaulieui differs from C. venusta Pessagno, 1979, by having primary spines that are asymmetrically ar- ranged. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305823; paratypes: USNM 305824 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnodoce copiosa Blome Plate 4, figure 5 Capnodoce copiosa Blome, 1983, p. 25, pl. 6, figs. 2, 12, 14, 16. Comparisons.— Capnodoce copiosa differs from C. baldiensis Blome, 1983, and C. miniscula Blome, 1983, by having primary spines that are thinner medially and wider both proximally and distally. C. copiosa differs from C. antiqua Blome, 1983, by having narrower, less massive primary spines. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-139 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305825; paratypes: USNM 305826 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnodoce crystallina Pessagno Capnodoce crystallina Pessagno, 1979, p. 176, pl. 1, figs. 1-3. Comparisons. — Capnodoce crystallina Pessagno dif- fers from C. antiqua Blome, 1983, and C. traversi Pes- sagno, 1979, by having primary spines that are thicker in the medial portions. C. crystallina differs from C. kochi Blome, 1983, and C. traversi by having more massive and less numerous pore frames on the top and bottom surfaces of the cortical shell. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Capnodoce extenta Blome Plate 4, figure 10 Capnodoce extenta Blome, 1983, pp. 25-26, pl. 6, figs. 3, 7, 9, 17. Comparisons.— Capnodoce extenta differs from C. insueta Blome, 1983, and C. kochi Blome, 1983, by having wider, more inflated primary spines. C. extenta differs from C. beaulieui Blome, 1983, by having pri- mary spines that are symmetrically arranged. BULLETIN 318 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-51 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305827; paratypes: USNM 305828 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnodoce fragilis Blome Plate 4, figure 11 Capnodoce fragilis Blome, 1983, p. 26, pl. 6, figs. 4, 10, 18; pl. 11, fig. 5. Comparisons.— Capnodoce fragilis differs from C. sinuosa Blome, 1983, by having longer primary spines. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-55 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305829; paratypes: USNM 305830 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnodoce insueta Blome Plate 4, figure 12 Capnodoce insueta Blome, 1983, p. 27, pl. 6, figs. 5, 6, 11, 19; pl. Teese le SD 21006. Comparisons.—Capnodoce insueta differs from C. baldiensis Blome, 1983, C. extenta Blome, 1983, and C. media Blome, 1983, by having the medial and distal portions of the primary spines elliptical to subtrian- gular in axial section, and the sides flattened. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-55 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305831; paratypes: USNM 305832 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnodoce kochi Blome Plate 4, figure 13 Capnodoce kochi Blome, 1983, pp. 28, 30, pl. 7, figs. 2, 8, 9, 16. Comparisons.— Capnodoce kochi differs from C. miniscula Blome, 1983, and C. traversi Pessagno, 1979, by having primary spines that are thicker medially and taper both proximally and distally. C. kochi differs from C. venusta Pessagno, 1979, by having narrower, less inflated primary spines. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 35 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305833; paratypes: USNM 305834 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnodoce malaca Blome Plate 4, figure 14 Capnodoce malaca Blome, 1983, pp. 30, 32, pl. 7, figs. 3, 11, 14, E Comparisons.— Capnodoce malaca differs from C. baldiensis Blome, 1983, and C. miniscula Blome, 1983, by having a cortical shell with the sides slightly round- €d and the top and bottom surfaces flattened, and by having extremely narrow primary spines. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-55 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305835; paratypes: USNM 305836 and Blome collection. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to Upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnodoce media Blome Plate 4, figure 15 Capnodoce media Blome, 1983, p. 32, pl. 7, figs. 4, 10, 12, 18. Comparisons.— Capnodoce media differs from C. antiqua Blome, 1983, by having primary spines that expand distally. C. media differs from C. baldiensis Blome, 1983, C. insueta Blome, 1983, and C. minis- cula Blome, 1983, by having shorter primary spines. Type locality. — OR-143 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305837; paratypes: USNM 305838 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to Upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnodoce miniscula Blome Plate 4, figure 16 Capnodoce miniscula Blome, 1983, pp. 32, 34, pl. 7, figs. 5, 6, 12, IESO SS Comparisons. — Capnodoce miniscula differs from C. baldiensis Blome, 1983, and C. copiosa Blome, 1983, by having a smaller cortical shell, and by having pri- mary spines that increase in diameter over most of their length. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305839; paratypes: USNM 305840 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnodoce primaria Pessagno Capnodoce primaria Pessagno, 1979, p. 176, pl. 1, figs. 5-7, 15, 16. Comparisons. — Capnodoce primaria Pessagno dif- fers from C. malaca Blome, 1983, by having more massive pore frames on the top and bottom surfaces, and by having wider and more massive primary spines. C. primaria differs from C. miniscula Blome, 1983, by possessing a larger, thicker cortical shell with flattened top and bottom surfaces, as well as larger and more numerous pore frames. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Capnodoce sinuosa Blome Plate 4, figure 17 Capnodoce sinuosa Blome, 1983, p. 34, pl. 8, figs. 2, 7, 8, 17; pl. TTA Comparisons. — Capnodoce sinuosa differs from C. fragilis Blome, 1983, by having shorter, wider primary spines. Type localities.— Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305841; paratypes: USNM 305842 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Capnodoce traversi Pessagno Plate 4, figure 19 Capnodoce traversi Pessagno, 1979, p. 42, pl. 1, figs. 11, 12; Blome, 1983, p. 36, pl. 8, figs. 4, 16. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Cache Creek Group, British Colum- bia; Rail Cabin Mudstone, east-central Oregon. 36 BULLETIN 318 Capnodoce venusta Pessagno Capnodoce venusta Pessagno, 1979, p. 177, pl. 1, figs. 8-10, 13-14. Comparisons.— Capnodoce venusta Pessagno differs from C. antiqua Blome, 1983, and C. media Blome, 1983, by possessing primary spines with inflated me- dial portions. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Genus LOFFA Pessagno, 1979 Type species.— Loffa mulleri Pessagno, 1979. Comparisons.— Loffa differs from Capnodoce DeWever, 1979, by having a cortical shell that is sub- pyramidal in shape, and by having four radially ar- ranged, tubular primary spines that are not in the same plane. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Baja California, east-central Oregon. Loffa lepida Blome Plate 4, figure 20 Loffa lepida Blome, 1983, p. 38, pl. 9, figs. 6, 9, 10, 13, 18; pl. 11, fig. 14. Comparisons.— Loffa lepida differs from L. vester- ensis Blome, 1983, by having a spherical cortical shell, and by having longer, narrower primary spines. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-55 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305845; paratypes: USNM 305846 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Loffa mulleri Pessagno Loffa mulleri Pessagno, 1979, p. 177, pl. 2, figs. 1-6, 8, 14-15. Comparisons.— Loffa mulleri Pessagno differs from L. lepida Blome, 1983, by possessing an ovate cortical shell, and from both L. /epida and L. vesterensis Blome, 1983, by having shorter, wider primary spines. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Loffa vesterensis Blome Plate 5, figure 1 Loffa vesterensis Blome, 1983, pp. 38, 40, pl. 9, figs. 7, 11, 14, 19. 20; pl. 11, figs. 12, 13. Comparisons.— Loffa vesterensis differs from L. le- pida Blome, 1983, by having an ovate cortical shell, and by having shorter, slightly wider primary spines. Type locality. —OR-39 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305847; paratypes: USNM 305848 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Genus RENZIUM Blome, 1983 Type species. — Renzium webergorum Blome, 1983. Comparisons.— Renzium differs from Capnodoce DeWever, 1979, by having two bipolar, rather than three radially arranged, primary spines. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Renzium adversum Blome Plate 5, figure 2 Renzium adversum Blome, 1983, pp. 40, 42, pl. 10, figs. 1, 6, 7, 12- Comparisons.— Renzium adversum differs from R. webergorum Blome, 1983, by having a smaller, more spherical cortical shell, and by having longer, slender bipolar primary spines. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305849; paratypes: USNM 305850 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower tO upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Renzium webergorum Blome Plate 5, figure 3 Renzium webergorum Blome, 1983, p. 42, pl. 10, figs. 2, 5, 8, 13. Comparisons. — Renzium webergorum differs from R. adversum Blome, 1983, by having a larger, elliptical cortical shell, and by having shorter, more massive bipolar spines. Type locality. —OR-139 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305851; paratypes: USNM 305852 and Blome collection. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 87 Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Genus JUSTIUM Blome, 1983 Type species. —Justium novum Blome, 1983. Comparisons. —Justium differs from Gorgansium Pessagno and Blome, 1980, as well as other genera belonging to the subfamily Pantanellinae Pessagno, 1979, by possessing one hollow, tubular (with a tri- partite internal partition) primary spine in combina- tion with two solid triradiate primary spines. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —East-central Oregon, Baja California. Justium novum Blome Plate 5, figure 4 Justium novum Blome, 1983, pp. 44, 46, pl. 10, figs. 3, 9, 10, 14. Comparisons. — Justium novum differs from J. ro- bustum Blome, 1983, by having two triradiate primary Spines with less massive, narrower ridges separating Brooves. * Type locality. — OR-139 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305853; paratypes: USNM 305854 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to Upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Justium robustum Blome Plate 5, figure 5 Justium robustum Blome, 1983, pp. 46, 48, pl. 10, figs. 4, 11, 15. Comparisons.—Justium robustum differs from J. novum Blome, 1983, by having two triradiate primary spines that are more massive in character, the ridges being three to four times as wide as the grooves. Type locality. — OR-139 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305855; paratypes: USNM 305856 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Subfamily PANTANELLINAE Pessagno, 1977b Type genus.— Pantanellium Pessagno, 1977a. Comparisons.— The Pantanellinae differs from the Capnodocinae Pessagno, 1979, by possessing solid, bladed, triradiate rather than hollow, tubular, primary spines and radial beams. Range.— Upper Triassic (Karnian) to Lower Creta- ceous (upper Albian). Occurrence. — Worldwide. Genus BETRACCIUM Pessagno, 1979 Type species. — Betraccium smithi Pessagno, 1979. Comparisons. — Betraccium differs from Capnodoce DeWever, 1979, by having solid, bladed primary spines and radial beams, which are triradiate in axial section. Betraccium differs from Gorgansium Pessagno and Blome, 1980, by having symmetrically arranged, more or less equidistant primary spines of equal length. Range.— Upper Triassic (middle to upper Norian). Occurrence. — Baja California, east-central Oregon, Alaska, and British Columbia. Betraccium deweveri Pessagno and Blome Plate 5. Dewes O. T13. 20 Betraccium deweveri Pessagno and Blome, 1980, pp. 230-231, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, 5-8, 13, 14. Table 5.— Diagnostic features of species of Betraccium Pessagno, 1979. pore frames primary spines Taxa shell number nodes length width torsion B. deweveri spherical > well-developed long wide strong B. (?) incohatum spherical 4l well-developed short narrow none B. inornatum subspherical 4 well-developed long narrow none B. maclearni subspherical 6 well-developed moderate wide moderate B. smithi ovate 6 well-developed moderate wide strong B. yakounense subspherical 5 poorly developed short narrow none 38 BULLETIN 318 Comparisons.— Betraccium deweveri differs from B. maclearni Pessagno and Blome, 1980, and B. yakoun- ense Pessagno and Blome, 1980, by having a more spherical cortical shell, and by having primary spines that display extreme torsion of the ridges and grooves. Type locality. — QC-24 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 278001; paratypes: USNM 278002 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Queen Charlotte Islands, British Co- lumbia, Alaska. Betraccium (?) incohatum new species Plates Hpuresic 19.10, 18 Etymology. — incohatus (Latin) = incomplete, only begun. Description. —Cortical shell large, spherical with large, predominantly hexagonal pore frames having relatively well-developed nodes at the pore frame ver- tices; nodes low in relief. Bars of pore frames thick in Y direction; moderately thick in Z direction. Six to seven pore frames visible on top and bottom surfaces along an axis in line with that ofa given primary spine. Primary spines extremely short, rudimentary, trira- diate in axial section, longitudinally comprised of three wide grooves alternating with three narrow ridges; grooves approximately six times as wide as ridges; ridges and grooves straight, lacking torsion. Comparisons. — Betraccium (?) incohatum n. sp. dif- fers from all other species of Betraccium described in this report by having extremely short, rudimentary pri- mary spines with wide grooves. B. (?) incohatum n. sp. is questionably assigned to the genus Betraccium Pes- sagno, 1979. The medullary shell with its primary and secondary radial beams are poorly preserved. Measurements (1n um).— diameter of length of cortical shell primary spines Holotype (USNM 305889) 88 15 All (8) paratypes (USNM 305890; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 91 23 smallest value recorded 81 12 mean value recorded 87 18 Type locality. —OR-139 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305889; paratypes: USNM 305890 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Betraccium inornatum new species Plates: tisures: 9.912 lalo Etymology. — inornatus (Latin) = unadorned, plain. Description. —Cortical shell subspherical with large, predominantly hexagonal pore frames having relative- ly well-developed nodes at pore frame vertices; nodes low in relief. Bars of pore frames thick in both Y and Z directions. Four pore frames visible on top and bot- tom surfaces along an axis in line with that of a given primary spine. Primary spines long, triradiate in axial section, longitudinally comprised of three wide grooves that alternate with three wide ridges; grooves approx- imately two to three times as wide as ridges, ridges and grooves straight, lacking torsion. Comparisons. — Betraccium inornatum n. sp. differs from B. yakounense Pessagno and Blome, 1980, by having a smaller cortical shell, by having a smaller number of pore frames visible on top and bottom sur- faces, and by having longer primary spines that lack torsion. Measurements (in um).— diameter of length of cortical shell primary spines Holotype (USNM 305891) 66 73 All (6) paratypes (USNM 305892; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 68 87 smallest value recorded 6l 46 mean value recorded 65 66 Type localities. — Holotype from QC-24; paratypes from QC-24 and QC-26 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305891; paratypes: USNM 305892 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Middle member of the Kunga For- mation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Betraccium maclearni Pessagno and Blome Plate 5, figure 10 Betraccium maclearni Pessagno and Blome, 1980, p. 231, pl. 1, figs- Da OR TO 15: Comparisons. — Betraccium maclearni differs from B. deweveri Pessagno and Blome, 1980, by having à subspherical cortical shell, and by having primary spines that display less torsion. B. maclearni differs from B. yakounense Pessagno and Blome, 1980, by having more massive nodes at the pore frame vertices, and by hav- ing longer primary spines that, in general, display great- er torsion. Type locality. —QC-24 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 278003; paratypes: USNM 278004 and Blome collection. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 39 Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Queen Charlotte Islands. Betraccium smithi Pessagno Betraccium smithi Pessagno, 1979, p. 178, pl. 2, figs. 7, 11-12, 16. Comparisons.— Betraccium smithi Pessagno differs from B. deweveri Pessagno and Blome, 1980, by pos- sessing a small, ovate (versus large, spherical) cortical shell. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper middle to lower up- per Norian). ` Occurrence.—San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Betraccium yakounense Pessagno and Blome Plate 5, figures 11, 14, 21 Betraccium yakounense Pessagno and Blome, 1980, pp. 321-322, Des A TE nes Ora Comparisons. — Betraccium yakounense differs from B. deweveri Pessagno and Blome, 1980, and B. mac- learni Pessagno and Blome, 1980, by having shorter primary spines that display little or no torsion. Type locality. —QC-24 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 278005; paratypes: USNM 278006 and Blome collection. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Queen Charlotte Islands. Genus CANTALUM Pessagno, 1979 Type species. — Cantalum holdsworthi Pessagno, 1979. Comparisons. — Cantalum differs from Betraccium Pessagno, 1979, by having a cortical shell that is sub- Pyramidal in shape, and by having four radially ar- ranged, bladed primary spines that lie in more than a single plane. Range.— Upper Triassic (Norian) to Middle Jurassic (Bajocian?). Occurrence. — Baja California and the Queen Char- lotte Islands, British Columbia. Cantalum alium new species Plate 6, figures 1, 12, 15, 16, 17 Etymology.— alius (Latin) = another, other, one or Other of two, different. Description.— Test as for genus. Cortical shell sub- circular in outline, with large, pentagonal and hexag- Onal pore frames having well-developed nodes at pore frame vertices; nodes high in relief. Bar of pore frames thick in both Y and Z directions. Primary spines long, triradiate in axial section, longitudinally comprised of three wide grooves alternating with three equally wide ridges; grooves only slightly wider than ridges; ridges and grooves straight, lacking torsion. Comparisons. — Cantalum alium n. sp. differs from C. globosum n. sp. by having a subspherical cortical shell, and by having primary spines that display equally wide grooves and ridges, and lack torsion. Measurements (in um). — diameter of length of cortical shell primary spines Holotype (USNM 305893) 79 qo All (7) paratypes (USNM 305894; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 83 82 smallest value recorded 13 32 mean value recorded 19 66 Type localities. — Holotype from QC-24. Paratypes from QC-24 and QC-26 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305893; paratypes: USNM 305894 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence.—Middle member of the Kunga For- mation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Cantalum globosum new species Plate or neures 2 Or TITR Cantalum sp. B, Pessagno and Blome, 1980, p. 234, pl. 2, fig. 3. Etymology. — globosus (Latin) = spherical, round. Description. — Test as for genus. Cortical shell large, ovate in outline, with large, pentagonal and hexagonal pore frames having well-developed nodes at pore frame vertices; nodes high in relief. Bar of pore frames thick in both Y and Z directions. Primary spines long, tri- radiate in axial section, longitudinally comprised of three wide grooves alternating with three narrow ridges; grooves three to four times as wide as ridges; ridges and grooves displaying strong torsion. Comparisons. — Cantalum globosum n. sp. differs from C. alium n. sp., by possessing a cortical shell that is ovate in outline, and by having primary spines with wider grooves that display moderate to strong torsion. Measurements (1n um).— diameter of length of cortical shell primary spines Holotype (USNM 305895) 106 66 AU (8) paratypes (USNM 305896; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 110 84 smallest value recorded 05 50 mean value recorded 101 12 Type localities. — Holotype from QC-24. Paratypes from QC-24 and QC-26 (see Appendix). 40 BULLETIN 318 Types. — Holotype: USNM 305895; paratypes: USNM 305896 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Middle member of the Kunga For- mation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Cantalum holdsworthi Pessagno Cantalum holdsworthi Pessagno, 1979, p. 178, pl. 2, figs. 9-10, 13. Comparisons. — Cantalum holdsworthi Pessagno dif- fers from C. alium n. sp. and C. globosum n. sp. by possessing a cortical shell that is subtriangular in out- line, and by having primary spines that increase in diameter distally. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper middle to lower up- per Norian). Occurrence.—San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Cantalum species A Plate 6, figure 3 Cantalum sp. A, Pessagno and Blome, 1980, p. 234, pl. 2, fig. 2. Comparisons.— Cantalum sp. A differs from Can- talum globosum n. sp., by having a more spherical cortical shell, and by having extremely twisted primary spines. Range and occurrence. — QC-24. Upper Triassic (up- per Norian). Middle member— Kunga Formation. Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Rare. Genus GORGANSIUM Pessagno and Blome, 1980 Type species. — Gorgansium silviesense Pessagno and Blome, 1980. Comparisons.— Gorgansium differs from Betrac- cium Pessagno (1979), by having primary spines that are asymmetrically arranged and of unequal length (with two shorter spines situated close together). Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; Norian) to Upper Jurassic (lower Callovian). Gorgansium acutum new species Plate 6, figures 4, 9, 14, 19 Etymology.— acutus (Latin) = sharp, pointed. Description. — Cortical shell large, spherical; mesh- work of large, pentagonal and hexagonal (predomi- nantly pentagonal) pore frames with relatively well- developed nodes at pore frame vertices; nodes low in relief. Bars of pore frames thin in Y direction; thick in Z direction. Six pore frames visible on top and bottom surfaces along an axis in line with axis of primary spines. Primary spines short, triradiate in axial section; longitudinally comprised of three wide grooves alter- nating with three narrow ridges; grooves three to four times as wide as ridges; ridges and grooves straight, lacking torsion. Comparisons. — Gorgansium acutum n. sp. differs from Gorgansium sp. A by having a larger, spherical cortical shell, and by having shorter primary spines with slightly narrower ridges separating grooves. Measurements (in um).— diameter of length of cortical shell primary spines Holotype (USNM 305897) 88 39 All (7) paratypes (USNM 305898; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 94 38 smallest value recorded 84 24 mean value recorded 90 21 Type locality. — OR-139 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305897; paratypes: USNM 305898 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Gorgansium richardsoni Pessagno and Blome Plate 6, figure 5 Gorgansium richardsoni Pessagno and Blome, 1980, pp. 234-235, pl, 2919s. 4 013: Comparisons.— Gorgansium richardsoni differs from other species of Gorgansium by having primary spines that display strong torsion. Type locality. — QC-24 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 278009; paratypes: USNM 278010 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Queen Charlotte Islands. Gorgansium species A Plate 6, figures 6, 13, 20 Gorgansium sp. E, Pessagno and Blome, 1980, p. 236, pl. 2, fig. 6. Range and occurrence. —OR-148. Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Ore- gon. Rare. Gorgansium species B Plate 6, figure 7 Gorgansium sp. F, Pessagno and Blome, 1980, p. 236, pl. 2, fig. 7. Range and occurrence. —OR-148. Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Ore- gon. Rare. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 41 Table 6.— Diagnostic features of species of Pantanellium Pessagno, 19772. pore frames primary spines Taxa shell number nodes length torsion other P. dawsoni subspherical 4-5 large unequal none P. fosteri spherical 5 large short none P. rothwelli subspherical 5-6 small moderate strong P. silberlingi spherical 4—5 small unequal none secondary grooves P. skidegatense subspherical 4 moderate long none P. tozeri subspherical 4-5 small unequal none Genus PANTANELLIUM Pessagno, 1977a Type species. — Pantanellium riedeli Pessagno, 1977a. Comparisons.— Pantanellium differs from all other genera belonging to the subfamily Pantanellinae Pes- sagno, 1977b, by possessing bipolar, triradiate primary Spines. For an updated synopsis of this genus and Subfamily, see Pessagno and Blome (1980). Range.— Upper Triassic (lower Karnian) to Lower Cretaceous (upper Aptian/lower Albian). Occurrence. — Worldwide. Pantanellium dawsoni Pessagno and Blome Plate 6, figure 8 Pantanellium dawsoni Pessagno and Blome, 1980, pp. 241—242, pl. 2 gs8 ONIS Comparisons. — Pantanellium "dawsoni differs from P. fosteri Pessagno and Blome, 1980, and P. skide- gatense Pessagno and Blome, 1980, by having one po- lar spine shorter than the other, and by having polar Spines with three relatively broad grooves separating three narrow ridges. Type locality. —QC-24 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 278031; paratypes: USNM 278032 and Blome collection. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Queen Charlotte Islands. Pantanellium fosteri Pessagno and Blome Plate 7, figure 1 Pantanellium fosteri Pessagno and Blome, 1980, p. 242, pl. 3, figs. V STI Comparisons.— Pantanellium fosteri differs from P. dawsoni Pessagno and Blome, 1980, and P. skidega- tense Pessagno and Blome, 1980, by having short polar Spines, and by having a more spherical cortical shell. P. fosteri differs from P. dawsoni by having polar spines With broader ridges separating the grooves, and by hav- ing polar spines that are more equal in length. Type locality. — QC-24 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 278033; paratypes: USNM 278034 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Queen Charlotte Islands. Pantanellium rothwelli Pessagno and Blome Plate 7 heures 239. FS. 19 Pantanellium rothwelli Pessagno and Blome, 1980, pp. 244-245, pl. mes Oe is: Comparisons. — Pantanellium rothwelli differs from other species of Pantanellium by having polar spines that display considerable torsion. P. rothwelli differs from P. dawsoni Pessagno and Blome, 1980, P. fosteri Pessagno and Blome, 1980, and P. skidegatense Pes- sagno and Blome, 1980, by having poorly developed nodes at the pore frame vertices, and by having polar spines with broader grooves separating the ridges. Type locality. — QC-24 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 278045; paratypes: USNM 278046 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Queen Charlotte Islands. Pantanellium silberlingi Pessagno Pantanellium silberlingi Pessagno, 1979, pp. 178-179, pl. 8, figs. 7- 10, 13-14. Comparisons. — Pantanellium silberlingi Pessagno differs from other species of Pantanellium mentioned in this report, by having bipolar primary spines with paired ridges separated by secondary grooves. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper middle to lower up- per Norian). Occurrence. — San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Pantanellium skidegatense Pessagno and Blome Plate 7, figures 4, 5 Pantanellium skidegatense Pessagno and Blome, 1980, p. 246, pl. 3, figs. d 11, 17. Comparisons. — Pantanellium skidegatense differs from P. dawsoni Pessagno and Blome, 1980, and P. fosteri Pessagno and Blome, 1980, by having a smaller number of pore frames, by having larger pore frames, and by having longer primary spines. Type locality.--QC-24 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 278053; paratypes: USNM 278054 and Blome collection. 42 BULLETIN 318 Table 7.— Diagnostic features of species of Ferresium, new genus. nodes and pore frames primary spines Taxa shell relief size width torsion F. contortum subspherical high small short, symmetrical strong F. hecatense spherical high large moderate, symmetrical little or none F. laseekense subspherical high large moderate, symmetrical strong F. loganense spherical high large short, symmetrical strong F. lyellense subspherical high large unequal, asymmetrical strong F. titulense ovate high large short, symmetrical little or none Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence.— Queen Charlotte Islands. Pantanellium tozeri Pessagno Pantanellium tozeri Pessagno, 1979, p. 179, pl. 8, figs. 11-12, 15- Tope Seios 5. 9. L3. Comparisons.— Pantanellium tozeri Pessagno differs from P. fosteri Pessagno and Blome, 1980, by having a smaller, less inflated cortical shell, and by possessing proportionately longer and more massive bipolar pri- mary spines. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper middle to lower up- per Norian). Occurrence. —San Hipolito Formation, Baja Cali- fornia. Pantanellium species A Plate 7, figure 6 Pantanellium sp. I, Pessagno and Blome, 1980, p. 248, pl. 3, figs. 6, 12.19. Range and occurrence. —OR-39. Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Ore- gon. Rare. Pantanellium species B Plate 7, figure 7 Pantanellium sp. J, Pessagno and Blome, 1980, p. 248, pl. 3, figs. 75 10.220, Range and occurrence.— OR-39. Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Ore- gon. Rare. LIOSPHAERACEA incertae sedis The genera and species cited below cannot, at pres- ent, be placed within a meaningful supergeneric clas- sification. They follow herein in alphabetical order. Genus FERRESIUM new genus Etymology. — Ferresium is a name formed by an ar- bitrary combination of letters (ICZN, 1964, p. 113, Appendix D, pt. IV, Recommendation 36). Type species. — Ferresium laseekense n. sp. Description. — Cortical shell ovate to spherical with three radially arranged primary spines of equal length that lie in the same plane; surface of cortical shell pla- niform to convex; sides vertical to convex. Meshwork of cortical shell consisting of three layers; inner two layers with coarse, polygonal pore frames, pores po- lygonal in outline; outer layer consisting of coarse, po- lygonal pore frames with nodes (usually massive) at the pore frame vertices, pores polygonal to subcircular in outline; nodes interconnected by thin, fragile bars, nodes of outer layer superimposed on vertices of po- lygonal pore frames beneath. Test lacking medullary shell, consisting ofa central cavity containing a simple, eccentric, internal spicule; spicule connected to outer shell by primary radial beams. Primary spines sym- metrically to asymmetrically arranged, bladed, solid. with alternating ridges and grooves; spines triradiate in axial section. Comparisons. — Ferresium new genus differs from Xenorum, new genus, by having a multilayered test consisting of three layers of polygonal pore frames, and by having thin, fragile bars connecting nodes at the pore frame vertices (see Pl. 9, figs. 13-16). Ferresium belongs to a diverse group of, as yet, undescribed ra- diolarians that appear to be restricted to the Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Middle member of the Kunga For- mation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Ferresium contortum new species Pate MAME 822013720 Etymology. — contortus (Latin) = intricate. Description. — Test as for genus. Cortical shell large, subspherical; top and bottom surfaces convex, sides slightly convex. Meshwork of cortical shell consisting of three layers of polygonal pore frames; outer layer exhibiting numerous, small triangular to tetragonal pore frames with small, closely spaced nodes, nodes rela- tively high in relief. Primary spines symmetrically ar- ranged, of short length and moderate width; triradiate in axial section; longitudinally comprised of three wide grooves alternating with three narrow ridges; grooves UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 43 three to four times as wide as ridges; ridges and grooves displaying strong torsion. Comparisons.— Ferresium contortum n. sp. differs from F. loganense n. sp. by having a more inflated cortical shell, by having smaller polygonal pore frames With more closely spaced nodes at the pore frame ver- tices, and by having primary spines that appear nar- TOwer and less massive. Measurements (in um).— diameter of length of cortical shell primary spines Holotype (USNM 305899) 151 71 All (5) paratypes (USNM 305900; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 192 78 smallest value recorded 147 58 mean value recorded 150 66 Type locality. — QC-24 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305899; paratypes: USNM 305900 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Middle member of the Kunga For- mation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Ferresium hecatense new species Plate 7, figures 9, 16, 17, 21 Etymology. — This species is named for Hecate Strait, located on the eastern side of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Description. — Test as for genus. Cortical shell spher- ical; top and bottom surfaces slightly convex or flat- tened, sides slightly convex. Meshwork of cortical shell consisting of three layers of polygonal pore frames; outer layer exhibiting polygonal pore frames possessing large, massive polygonal to subcircular nodes, nodes high in relief. Primary spines symmetrically arranged, triradiate in axial section; longitudinally comprised of three wide grooves alternating with three narrow ridges; grooves three to four times as wide as ridges; ridges and grooves displaying little or no torsion. Comparisons.— Ferresium hecatense n. sp. differs from F. sp. A by having a spherical cortical shell that Is less inflated on all surfaces, and by having primary Spines that display considerably less torsion. Measurements (in um).— diameter of length of cortical shell primary spines Holotype (USNM 305901) 114 76 AII (6) paratypes (USNM 305902; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 131 86 smallest value recorded 108 63 mean value recorded 116 76 Type locality. — QC-24 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305901; paratypes: USNM 305902 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Middle member of the Kunga For- mation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Ferresium laseekense new species Plate 7, figures 10, 11, 14, 15, 22; Plate 8, figures 1, 5, 312: 14 plate 17. teure 2 Etymology. — This species is named for Laseek Bay, located directly north of Kunga Island, east coast of Queen Charlotte Islands. Description.— Test as for genus. Cortical shell cir- cular to elliptical in outline; top and bottom surfaces slightly convex, sides convex. Meshwork of cortical shell consisting of three layers of polygonal pore frames; outer layer exhibiting large triangular to tetragonal pore frames with large, massive polygonal nodes, nodes high in relief. Primary spines symmetrically arranged, mas- sive, one spine slightly longer than other two; triradiate in axial section; three wide longitudinal grooves alter- nate with three narrow ridges; grooves four to five times as wide as ridges; ridges and grooves displaying strong torsion. Comparisons.— Ferresium laseekense n. sp. differs from A. hecatense n. sp. by having a cortical shell that is commonly elliptical in outline, and by having pri- mary spines that display greater torsion. Measurements (1n um).— diameter of length of cortical shell primary spines Holotype (USNM 305903) 124 90 AU (6) paratypes (USNM 305904; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 126 92 smallest value recorded 118 76 mean value recorded 121 84 Type locality. — QC-24 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305903; paratypes: USNM 305904 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Middle member of the Kunga For- mation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Ferresium loganense new species Plate 8, figures 2, 7, 9, 15 Etymology. — This species is named for Logan Inlet, located directly northwest of Kunga Island, Queen Charlotte Islands. Description. — Test as for genus. Cortical shell in- flated, spherical; top and bottom surfaces convex, sides slightly convex. Meshwork of cortical shell consisting 44 BULLETIN 318 of three layers of polygonal pore frames; outer layer exhibiting small, triangular to tetragonal pore frames with large, polygonal to subcircular nodes, nodes high in relief. Primary spines symmetrically arranged, mas- sive, short; triradiate in axial section; longitudinally comprised of three wide grooves alternating with three narrow ridges; grooves four to five times as wide as ridges; ridges and grooves displaying strong torsion. Comparisons.—Ferresium loganense n. sp. differs from F. contortum n. sp. by having a less inflated cor- tical shell, by having larger polygonal pore frames with large, less closely spaced nodes at the pore frame ver- tices, and by having primary spines that appear wider and more massive. Measurements (1n um).— diameter of length of cortical shell primary spines Holotype (USNM 305905) 142 60 All (5) paratypes (USNM 305906; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 124 69 smallest value recorded 108 47 mean value recorded 114 61 Type locality.—QC-24 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305905; paratypes: USNM 305906 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Middle member of the Kunga For- mation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Ferresium lyellense new species Plate 8, figures 3) 10; 11516; 17 Etymology.—This species is named for Lyell Island, located directly south of Kunga Island, east coast of Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Description.—Test as for genus. Cortical shell sub- spherical; top and bottom surfaces slightly convex, sides convex. Meshwork of cortical shell consisting of three layers of polygonal pore frames; outer layer exhibiting pore frames with large, massive polygonal nodes, nodes relatively high in relief. Primary spines asymmetrically arranged, long, subequal in length, one spine longer than other two; triradiate in axial section; longitudi- nally comprised of three wide grooves alternating with three narrow ridges; grooves three to four times as wide as ridges; ridges and grooves displaying strong torsion. Comparisons. — Ferresium lyellense n. sp. differs from all other species of Ferresium by having primary spines that are asymmetrically arranged. Measurements (in um).— | length of primary spines diameter of cortical shell Holotype (USNM 305907) 108 91 All (6) paratypes (USNM 305908; Blome coll.) largest value recorded IIb 107 | smallest value recorded 106 71 | mean value recorded eal 82 | Type locality. — QC-24 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305907; paratypes: USNM 305908 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Norian). | Occurrence. — Middle member of the Kunga For- | mation, Queen Charlotte Islands. | Ferresium titulense new species Plate 8, figures 4, 6, 13, 18 Etymology. — This species is named for Titul Island, located north of Kunga Island, Queen Charlotte Is- lands. Description. — Test as for genus. Cortical shell ovate; | top and bottom surfaces slightly convex, sides slightly convex. Meshwork of cortical shell consisting of three layers of polygonal pore frames; outer layer exhibiting triangular pore frames with large, massive polygonal to circular (predominantly subcircular) nodes, nodes high in relief. Primary spines symmetrically arranged, short and narrow, equal in length; triradiate in axial section; longitudinally comprised of three wide grooves alternating with three narrow ridges; grooves four times as wide as ridges; ridges and grooves displaying little or no torsion. Comparisons. — Ferresium titulense n. sp. differs from all other species of Ferresium by having an ovate cor- tical shell. F. titulense n. sp. also differs from F. la- seekense n. sp. by having primary spines that are less massive and that display less torsion. Measurements (in um). — | diameter of length of cortical shell primary spines Holotype (USNM 305909) 100 48 All (6) paratypes (USNM 305910; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 101 257 smallest value recorded 9] 41 mean value recorded 96 46 Type locality. — QC-24 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305909; paratypes: USNM 305910 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Middle member of the Kunga For- mation, Queen Charlotte Islands. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 45 Ferresium species A Plate noutesnl# 9530-910 Comparisons.— Ferresium sp. A differs from F. he- catense n. sp. by having a more inflated cortical shell with all surfaces more convex, and by having primary Spines that display considerably greater torsion. Rare. Range and occurrence. — QC-24. Upper Triassic (up- per Norian) Middle member—Kunga Formation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Ferresium species B Plate 9, figures 2, 4, 8, 12; Plate 17, figure 3 Comparisons.— Ferresium sp. B differs from F. he- catense n. sp. and F. laseekense n. sp. by having a Subspherical cortical shell, and by having narrower, less massive primary spines. Range and occurrence. — QC-24. Upper Triassic (up- per Norian) Middle member—Kunga Formation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Ferresium species C Pplate-9»thipuresi2: "X9 TIN] Comparisons.— Ferresium sp. C differs from Ferre- sium contortum n. sp. by having the top and bottom Surfaces, as well as the sides of the cortical shell, flat- tened. Range and occurrence. — QC-24. Upper Triassic (up- per Norian) Middle member—Kunga Formation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Genus XENORUM new genus Etymology.— Xenorum is a name formed by an ar- bitrary combination of letters (ICZN, 1964, p. 113, Appendix D, pt. IV, Recommendation 40). Type species. — Xenorum largum, n. sp. Description. — Cortical shell circular to subcircular in outline, with three radially arranged primary spines of equal length situated in the same plane; surface of cor- tical shell planiform to convex; sides vertical to con- vex. Meshwork of cortical shell consisting of two layers Of pore frames; outer layer of meshwork consisting of Coarse, polygonal pore frames with massive nodes at Dore frame vertices, pores polygonal to subcircular (predominantly subcircular); inner layer with coarse, Polygonal pore frames, pores polygonal to subcircular; Nodes interconnected by narrow to moderately wide bars; nodes of outer layer superimposed on vertices of Polygonal pore frames beneath. Test lacking medullary Shell; interior of test containing a simple, eccentric, internal spicule (Pl. 11, fig. 2; Pl. 17, fig. 19); spicule Connected to outer shell by primary radial beams. Pri- mary spines symmetrically arranged, bladed, solid, with alternating ridges and grooves; spines triradiate in axial section. Comparisons.— Xenorum new genus differs from Ferresium new genus by having a cortical shell pos- sessing two (versus three) layers of polygonal pore frames, by having more massive nodes at the pore frame vertices, and by having wider, more massive bars connecting nodes. Xenorum n. genus also differs from Eptingium Dumitrica, 1977a, by possessing mas- sive nodes at the pore frame vertices and by having symmetrically arranged primary spines. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Eastern Oregon, California, British Columbia, and Alaska. Xenorum flexum new species Plate [O neuresd- O 7310-17: Plate 17, figure 4 Etymology. —flexus (Latin) = bending, turning. Description.— Test as for genus. Cortical shell sub- spherical to spherical; top and bottom surfaces convex, sides slightly convex. Meshwork of cortical shell con- sisting of two layers of polygonal (triangular to pen- tagonal) pore frames, pores polygonal to subcircular in outline; outer layer exhibiting large, variably sized pore frames with large, massive polygonal to subcircular nodes, nodes high in relief. Primary spines symmet- rically arranged, long, triradiate in axial section; lon- gitudinally comprised of three wide grooves alternating with three narrow ridges; grooves approximately three times as wide as ridges; ridges and grooves displaying extreme torsion. Comparisons. — Xenorum flexum n. sp. differs from X. largum n. sp. by having primary spines that are long, that exhibit wider grooves, and that display ex- treme torsion. Measurements (in um).— diameter of length of cortical shell primary spines Holotype (USNM 305911) 132 189 All (9) paratypes (USNM 305912; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 1:72 243 smallest value recorded 149 174 mean value recorded 158 205 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305911; paratypes: USNM 305912 and Blome collection. Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Xenorum largum new species Plate LO neues Ss dos O 10714, 18, 19; Plate 17, figures 5, 19 Etymology.—largus (Latin) = abundant, plentiful, numerous. Description. — Test as for genus. Cortical shell sub- spherical to spherical; top and bottom surfaces mod- erately planiform, sides straight to slightly convex. Meshwork of cortical shell consisting of two layers of polygonal (triangular to pentagonal) pore frames, pores polygonal to subcircular (predominantly subcircular) in outline; outer layer exhibiting large polygonal pore frames with large, massive polygonal to subcircular nodes, nodes high in relief. Primary spines symmet- rically arranged, of medium length; triradiate in axial section; longitudinally comprised ofthree wide grooves alternating with three narrow ridges; grooves twice as wide as ridges; ridges and grooves displaying strong torsion. Comparisons.— Xenorum largum n. sp. differs from X. flexum n. sp. by having primary spines of medium length that display strong torsion. Measurements (in um). — diameter of length of cortical shell primary spines Holotype (USNM 305913) 150 128 All (7) paratypes (USNM 305914; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 158 1922 smallest value recorded 139 111 mean value recorded 148 TS Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-6 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305913; paratypes: USNM 305914 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Xenorum species A Plate 10. hpures o, 11, T5, 20 Comparisons. — Xenorum sp. A differs from X. flex- umn. sp. and X. largum n. sp. by having short primary spines that lack torsion. Range and occurrence. — OR-39. Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Ore- gon. Rare. BULLETIN 318 Suborder NASSELLARIINA Ehrenberg, 1875 Superfamily CYRTOIDEA Haeckel, 1862 Subsuperfamily EUCYRTIDILAE Ehrenberg, 1847 Range and occurrence. — Triassic to Recent. World- wide. Family CANOPTIDAE Pessagno, 1979 Type genus.— Canoptum Pessagno, 1979. Comparisons.— The Canoptidae include Nassella- riina with meshwork consisting of two distinct layers; an outer layer, comprised of microgranular material, that lacks pore frames and an inner layer of polygonal pore frames. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; Norian) to Middle Jurassic (lower Bajocian). Occurrence. — Worldwide. Genus CANOPTUM Pessagno, 1979 Type species. — Canoptum poissoni Pessagno, 1979. Range.— Upper Triassic (Karnian) to Middle Juras- sic (lower Bajocian). Occurrence. — Worldwide. Canoptum (?) browni new species late PE neures OO: Plate 17, figure 6 Etymology. — This species is named for C. Ervin Brown, in honor of his many contributions to the ge- ology of eastern Oregon. Description. — Test conical, cephalis cone-shaped with a small, cephalic spine, spine not connecting ce- phalic skeletal elements. Thorax, abdomen, and post- abdominal chambers subtrapezoidal in outline. Five or six post-abdominal chambers, increasing in height and more rapidly in width as added; width of any chamber approximately twice the height. Circumfer- ential ridges of outer layer with small, circular to el- liptical pores on the final post-abdominal chamber, aligned in rows flanking either side of the circumfer- ential ridge. Comparisons. — Canoptum (?) browni n. sp. differs from other species of Canoptum described in this re- port by having a small cephalic spine. C. (?) browni n. sp. differs from C. farawayense n. sp. and C. macoy- ense n. sp. by having a smaller number of post-ab- dominal chambers, and by having less massive cir- cumferential ridges. C. (?) browni n. sp. differs from species belonging to the genus Relanus Pessagno and Whalen, 1982, by lacking a true horn (cephalic spine connecting the cephalic skeletal elements), and by hav- ing a more extensive veneer of microgranular silica. | UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 47 Table 8.— Diagnostic features of species of Canoptum Pessagno, 1979, post-abdominal circumferential Taxa test horn chambers ridges C. (?) browni conical small 5-6 subdued C. farawayense conical absent 7-8 subdued C. laxum conical absent E extremely inflated C. macoyense conical absent 6-7 inflated | Measurements (in um).— Measurements (in um).— length maximum width length maximum width of test of test of test of test Holotype (USNM 305921) 176 87 Holotype (USNM 305923) 264 96 All paratypes All (5) paratypes USNM 305922; Blome coll.) (USNM 305924; Blome coll.) | largest value recorded 186 88 largest value recorded 291 99 | smallest value recorded 166 81 smallest value recorded 212 80 mean value recorded 174 85 mean value recorded 259 - 93 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-148 and OR-152 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305921; paratypes: USNM 305922 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to Upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. E Canoptum farawayense new species Blate JU LES JUS, Etymology.— This species is named for Camp Far- away, located in the southwestern portion of the Mal- heur National Forést, eastern Oregon. Description. — Test conical, with a broad, dome- Shaped cephalis lacking a horn. Thorax trapezoidal in outline; abdomen and post-abdominal chambers sub- trapezoidal in outline. Seven to eight post-abdominal Chambers, increasing gradually in height and more rap- idly in width as added; width of any chamber approx- Imately three times the height. Circumferential ridges Of outer layer with small, circular to elliptical pores aligned in a single row flanking the bottom side of the Circumferential ridges; observed on the final two or three post-abdominal chambers. Comparisons.— Canoptum farawayense n. sp. differs from other species of Canoptum described in this re- Port by having a greater number (seven to eight) of Post-abdominal chambers. C. farawayense n. sp. dif- fers from C. macoyense n. sp. in having less massive Circumferential ridges. C. farawayense n. sp. differs from C. poissoni Pessagno, 1979, by having more mas- Sive circumferential ridges. Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratype from OR-152 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305923; paratypes: USNM 305924 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Canoptum laxum new species Plate 11, figures 9, 14 Etymology.— laxus (Latin) = wide, loose, spacious. Description. — Test conical; cephalis dome-shaped, lacking horn. Thorax, abdomen, and post-abdominal chambers subcylindrical. Four post-abdominal cham- bers, distally increasing slightly in height and more rapidly in width; width of any chamber approximately three times the height. Circumferential ridges greatly inflated. Comparisons. — Canoptum laxum n. sp. differs from other species of Canoptum described in this report by having a smaller number of post-abdominal chambers (four), and by having chambers with extremely inflated circumferential ridges. Pores on final post-abdominal chambers not observed on type material, buried by an outer layer of microgranular silica. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305925) 187 85 All (5) paratypes (USNM 305926; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 192 88 smallest value recorded 169 13 mean value recorded 184 84 Type localities. —Holotype from OR-6. Paratypes from OR-6 and OR-143 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305925; paratypes: USNM 305926 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Canoptum macoyense new species Piae T ngores 10; 13.18: Plate 17- Heure 7 Etymology. — This species is named for McCoy Creek, located near the town of Izee, east-central Oregon. Description. — Test conical with a large, broad, dome- shaped cephalis that lacks a horn. Thorax and abdo- men trapezoidal in outline. Post-abdominal chambers subtrapezoidal in outline. Six to seven post-abdominal chambers, distally increasing gradually in height and very rapidly in width; width of any chamber three to four times the height. Circumferential ridges massive; outer layer with small circular to elliptical pores aligned in a single row that flanks the bottom side of the cir- cumferential ridges; observed on the final post-abdom- inal chambers. Comparisons.— Canoptum macoyense n. sp. differs from C. (?) browni n. sp. and C. farawayense n. sp. by having a more massive cephalis, and by having more massive circumferential ridges. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305927) 220 101 All (8) paratypes (USNM 305928; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 248 106 smallest value recorded 194 90 mean value recorded 219 98 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-148 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305927; paratypes: USNM 305928 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.— Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Canoptum species A Plate Toweures 1; 7, 12, 116 Comparisons. — Canoptum sp. A differs from other species of Canoptum described in this report by having fewer post-abdominal chambers, less massive circum- ferential ridges, and fairly well-developed pores situ- ated at the base of most of the post-abdominal cham- bers. BULLETIN 318 Range and occurrence.— OR-39. Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Ore- gon. Rare. Canoptum species B Plate 12, figure 2 Comparisons.— Canoptum sp. B differs from C. /ax- um n. sp. by having a greater number of post-abdom- inal chambers (five versus four), by having less inflated circumferential ridges, and by having post-abdominal chambers that increase more rapidly in width as added, the width of any chamber being approximately four times the height. Range and occurrence.— OR-39. Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Ore- gon. Rare. Genus PACHUS new genus Etymology.— Pachus is a name formed by an arbi- trary combination of letters (ICZN, 1964, p. 113, Ap- pendix D, pt. IV, Recommendation 40). Type species. — Pachus firmus, n. sp. Description. — Test as for family. Test grossly coni- cal, inflated, with a dome-shaped, imperforate ce- phalis, with horn. Thorax and abdomen trapezoidal in outline. Post-abdominal chamber trapezoidal to rect- angular in outline; earlier post-abdominal chambers generally trapezoidal, final post-abdominal chambers rectangular in outline. All chambers separated by broad, highly nodose circumferential ridges; ridges with one to two rows of variably sized nodes, nodes generally high in relief. Area between two given circumferential ridges perforate to imperforate, pores aligned in single rows flanking ridges; pores circular to elliptical in out- line, not set in pore frames; pores may be buried by an outer layer of accreted microgranular silica. Cham- bers constricted between joints. Comparisons. — Pachus new genus differs from Ca- noptum Pessagno, 1979, by possessing a horn. It differs from both Canoptum and Relanus Pessagno and Wha- len, 1982, by having a test with broad, highly nodose circumferential ridges. Pachus new genus is question- ably placed within the Family Canoptidae Pessagno, 1979, because it lacks an observable inner layer of polygonal pore frames. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Eastern Oregon, Alaska, British Co- lumbia. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 49 Table 9.— Diagnostic features of species of Pachus, new genus. post-abdominal circumferential Taxa horn chambers ridges rows of nodes P. firmus small 4-5 moderate 12 P. indistinctus absent 7-8 low 1 P. longinquus large 5-6 moderate ta P. luculentus absent 4-5 high 1-2 Pachus firmus new species Piate T EU As SS Plate 17, figure 8 Etymology. —firmus (Latin) = firm, strong, stout. Description. — Test as for genus. Cephalis with small, rudimentary horn. Four to five post-abdominal cham- bers, increasing moderately in height and more rapidly in width as added; width of any chamber approxi- mately twice the height. Circumferential ridges ofouter layer inflated; one row of large, subspherical nodes on thorax, abdomen, and early post-abdominal chambers; two rows of nodes on final two post-abdominal cham- bers; nodes high in relief. Area between two given ridges perforate, pores circular to subcircular in outline. Chambers constricted between joints. Comparisons. — Pachus firmus n. sp. differs from P. luculentus n. sp. by having post-abdominal chambers that increase more slowly in height, and are separated by narrower, less inflated circumferential ridges. P. fir- mus n. sp. differs from P. longinquus n. sp. by having circumferential ridges with one to two rows of larger, more massive nodes. Measurements (in um). — length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305929) 188 100 All (8) paratypes (USNM 305930; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 210 104 smallest value recorded 181 90 mean value recorded 191 98 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-152 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305929; paratypes: USNM 305930 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to Upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Pachus (?) indistinctus new species Plate 12, figures 5, 10, 18, 19 Etymology.— indistinctus (Latin) = indistinct, ob- Scure. Description. — Test as for genus. Cephalis lacking a discernible horn. Seven to eight post-abdominal cham- bers, increasing gradually in both height and width; width of any chamber approximately four times the height. Circumferential ridges of outer layer with one row of irregular nodes. Area between two given ridges sparsely perforate, pores subcircular in outline. Inner layer of polygonal pore frames well exposed on final post-abdominal chambers. Chambers slightly con- stricted between joints. ‘ Comparisons. — Pachus (?) indistinctus n. sp. differs from other species of Pachus by lacking a discernible horn, by having a greater number of post-abdominal chambers (seven to eight), by having short chambers, the width of any chamber approximately four times the height, and by possessing an observable layer of polygonal pore frames on the final post-abdominal chambers. P. (?) indistinctus n. sp. is questionably as- signed to the genus Pachus. P. (?) indistinctus n. sp. differs from Canoptum anulatum Pessagno and Pois- son, 1979 and C. rugosum Pessagno and Poisson, 1979, as well as other species of Canoptum Pessagno, 1979, by possessing highly nodose and less defined circum- ferential ridges that lack the linked-H ridge structure. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305931) 226 105 All (6) paratypes (USNM 305932; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 234 114 smallest value recorded 192 $3 mean value recorded 249 103 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305931; paratypes: USNM 305932 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Pachus longinquus new species Plate 12, figures 6, 11, 13, 14; Plate 17, figure 9 Etymology. —longinquus (Latin) = long. 50 BULLETIN 318 Description. — Test as for genus. Cephalis with well- developed horn. Five to six post-abdominal chambers, increasing gradually in width and more rapidly in height as added, the exception being the great increase in width between the second and third post-abdominal chambers; width of any chamber approximately twice the height. Circumferential ridges of outer layer with one row of large, subspherical nodes on thorax, ab- domen, and early post-abdominal chambers; two rows of nodes on final post-abdominal chambers; nodes high in relief. Area between any two given ridges perforate, pores circular to subcircular in outline. Chambers slightly constricted between joints. Comparisons.— Pachus longinquus n. sp. differs from P. luculentus n. sp. by possessing a well-developed ce- phalic horn, and by having narrower, less inflated cir- cumferential ridges separating chambers. P. /ongin- quus n. sp. differs from P. firmus n. sp. by having circumferential ridges with one to two rows of smaller, less massive nodes. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305933) 269 120 All (6) paratypes (USNM 305934; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 292 124 smallest value recorded 259 109 mean value recorded 2D 116 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-55 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305933; paratypes: USNM 305934 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Pachus luculentus new species Plate 13, figures 1, 6, 12; Plate 17, figure 10 Etymology.— luculentus (Latin) = brilliant, distin- guished, splendid. Description. — Test as for genus. Cephalis lacking horn. Four to five post-abdominal chambers, increas- ing in height and width as added, the exception being the final post-abdominal chamber which may decrease in width; width of any chamber approximately two to three times the height. Circumferential ridges of outer layer with one row of broad, inflated, subspherical nodes on thorax; two rows of nodes on abdomen and post- abdominal chambers; nodes high in relief. Area be- tween any two given ridges sparsely perforate, pores circular to elliptical in outline. Chambers constricted between joints. Comparisons.— Pachus luculentus n. sp. differs from P. firmus n. sp. and P. longinquus n. sp. by lacking à cephalic horn, by having wider, more inflated circum- ferential ridges separating chambers, and by having a final post-abdominal chamber that may decrease in width. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305935) 219 100 All (6) paratypes (USNM 305936; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 231 101 smallest value recorded PAS) 97 mean value recorded 208 99 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-152 (see Appendix). Types. —Holotype: USNM 305935; paratypes: USNM 305936 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Family PSEUDODICTYOMITRIDAE Pessagno, 1977b Type genus. — Pseudodictyomitra Pessagno, 1977b. Range.— Upper Triassic?; Upper Jurassic (middle/ upper Tithonian) to Upper Cretaceous (middle Tu- ronian). Occurrence. — Worldwide. Genus CORUM new genus Etymology.— Corum is a name formed by an arbi- trary combination of letters (ICZN, 1964, p. 113, Ap- pendix D, pt. IV, Recommendation 40). Type species. — Corum speciosum n. sp. Description. — Test multicyrtid, conical. Cephalis dome-shaped, lacking horn; thorax subtrapezoidal in outline; cephalis and thorax imperforate, smooth or with weakly developed, discontinuous costae. Abdo- men and post-abdominal chambers subtrapezoidal in outline, slightly 1nflated and strongly costate, costae mostly discontinuous. One row of primary pores ad- jacent to distal end of costae; pores large, circular to elliptical in outline; final post-abdominal chamber slightly perforate to imperforate. Chambers expanding in width and less rapidly 1n height as added. Comparisons. — Corum new genus differs from Pseu- dodictyomitra Pessagno, 1977b, by having only one row of primary pores situated between chambers, and by lacking rows of large relict pores that occur between costae. Corum new genus differs from Dictyomitra Zit- tel, 1876 s.s., by having discontinuous costae. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 51 Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Eastern Oregon, Alaska, and British Columbia. Corum perfectum new species Plate 13, figures 2, 7, 16; Plate 17, figure 11 Etymology.— perfectus (Latin) = perfect, complete, finished. Description. — Test as for genus, consisting of six to Seven post-abdominal chambers. Thorax subtrapezoi- dal in outline, smooth. Abdomen and post-abdominal chambers strongly costate; costae well-developed, dis- continuous, moderately inflated, with about 28 to 30 costae (14 to 15 visible laterally). Pores at the distal end of costae small in size, circular to elliptical in out- line. Final post-abdominal chamber imperforate, lack- ing well-developed costae on well-preserved speci- mens. Chambers increasing gradually in height and more rapidly in width as added, the exception being the final post-abdominal chamber, which decreases in width; width of any chamber approximately three times the height. Comparisons. — Corum perfectum n. sp. differs from C. regium n. sp. by having a greater number of post- abdominal chambers (seven versus six), by possessing a greater number of costae (28 versus 24), and by pos- Sessing broader costae. C. perfectum n. sp. has been compared to C. speciosum n. sp. under the latter species. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305915) 229 103 All (6) paratypes (USNM 305916; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 234 120 smallest value recorded 224 101 mean value recorded 229 105 Type locality. —OR-148 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305915; paratypes: USNM 305916 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to Upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Corum regium new species Plate 13, figures 3, 8, 15 Etymology.— regius (Latin) = royal, splendid, mag- nificent, regal. Description. — Test as for genus, consisting of five to Six post-abdominal chambers. Thorax trapezoidal in outline, smooth or with weakly developed costae. Ab- domen and post-abdominal chambers strongly costate; costae coarse, discontinuous, with about 24 costae (12 visible laterally). Pores at the distal end of costae large, circular to subcircular in outline. Final post-abdominal chamber imperforate, lacking costae on well-preserved specimens. Chambers increasing gradually in height and more rapidly in width as added; the exception being the final post-abdominal chamber, which de- creases in width; width of any chamber approximately three times the height. Comparisons. — Corum regium n. sp. has been com- pared to C. perfectum n. sp. and C. speciosum n. sp. under the latter species. Measurements (1n um).— length maximum width of test - of test Holotype (USNM 305917) 196 94 All (6) paratypes ; (USNM 305918; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 2o 100 smallest value recorded 190 22 mean value recorded 209 95 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305917; paratypes: USNM 305918 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Corum speciosum new species Plate 13; figures 4, 13; 145 17 Etymology. — speciosus (Latin) = beautiful, splen- did. Description.— Test as for genus, consisting of seven to eight post-abdominal chambers. Thorax subtrape- zoidal in outline, smooth or with weakly developed costae. Abdomen and post-abdominal chambers strongly costate; costae well-developed, wide, ex- tremely inflated, some costae irregular in outline, with about 18 to 20 costae (nine to 10 visible laterally): costae on last four to five post-abdominal chambers merge together at the distal ends to form U-shaped costal elements. Pores at distal end of costae moderate in size, subcircular to elliptical in outline. Final post- abdominal chamber with small, irregular relict pores occurring between costae. Chambers increasing grad- ually in height and more rapidly in width as added: width of any chamber approximately three times the height. Comparisons.— Corum speciosum n. sp. differs from C. perfectum n. sp. and C. regium n. sp. by having a greater number of post-abdominal chambers (eight), by possessing a smaller number of costae (18 to 20), by possessing extremely inflated, wide costae that merge, on the final post-abdominal chambers, to form U-shaped costal elements, and by lacking a final post- abdominal chamber that decreases in width. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305919) 238 114 All (8) paratypes (USNM 305920; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 263 120 smallest value recorded 208 96 mean value recorded 235 108 Type locality. —OR-143 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305919; paratypes: USNM 305920 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Family PSEUDOSATURNIFORMIDAE Kozur and Mostler, 1979 Type genus.— Pseudosaturniforma Kozur and Most- ler, 1979. Range.— Upper Triassic (Karnian to Norian). Occurrence. — Europe, western North America. Genus PSEUDOSATURNIFORMA Kozur and Mostler, 1979 Type species. — Pseudosaturniforma latimarginata Kozur and Mostler, 1979. Comparisons. — Pseudosaturniforma differs from other ring-shaped Nassellariina by being monocyrtid, and by having the cephalis and cephalic ring situated in more than one plane. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; Norian). Occurrence. — Austria, Oregon, and Baja California. Pseudosaturniforma carnica Kozur and Mostler, 1979 Plate 13, Heures 5, 9; TE TS Pseudosaturniforma carnica Kozur and Mostler, 1979, p. 92, pl. 17, De 3° Comparisons.— Pseudosaturniforma carnica differs from P. minuta n. sp. by having a small cephalis with the distal portion greatly constricted, and by having a large, wide cephalic ring. Range.— Upper Triassic (Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Austria, east-central Oregon. BULLETIN 318 Pseudosaturniforma minuta new species Piate 13., meure LO, Plate l4 figures dE M ni7 Plate 17, figure 12 Etymology. — minutus (Latin) = small, little, mi- nute. Description. — Test as for genus. Cephalis large, cir- cular in outline; proximal portion of cephalis convex, distal portion slightly constricted; extreme distal end of cephalis funnel-shaped, flaring in direction of ce- phalic ring. Rodlike structures, elliptical in axial sec- tion, connecting the cephalis with cephalic ring. Ce- phalic ring small, circular in outline; diameter of cephalic ring one-and-a-half times the diameter of ce- phalis. Comparisons. — Pseudosaturniforma minuta n. sp. differs from P. carnica Kozur and Mostler, 1979, by having a larger cephalis, by having the distal portion of the cephalis less constricted, and by having a pro- portionately smaller cephalic ring. Measurements (in um).— width of length — width of — cephalic of test cephalis skirt Holotype (USNM 305937) 118 73 158 All (7) paratypes (USNM 305938; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 121 82 162 smallest value recorded 108 71 139 mean value recorded THES] 76 149 Type locality. — OR-139 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305937; paratypes: USNM 305938 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Family SYRINGOCAPSIDAE Foreman, 1973 Type genus. — Syringocapsa Neviani, 1900. Comparisons. — This group was originally defined by Foreman (1973, p. 265) as the subfamily Syringocap- sinae, which belonged to the family Amphipyndacidae (type genus = Amphipyndax Foreman, 1973). Pessa- gno (19772) later suggested that the subfamily be raised to family status because the genera, included by Fore- man in Syringocapsinae, showed little relationship to the Amphipyndacidae. Range and occurrence.—Triassic to Cretaceous. Worldwide. Genus SYRINGOCAPSA Neviani, 1900 Type species. — Theosyringium robustum Vinassa de Regny, 1900. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 53 Comparisons. — Syringocapsa differs from Podo- bursa Wisniowski, 1889, Podocapsa Rust, 1885, and Dibolachras Foreman, 1973, by lacking radially ar- ranged spines situated on the abdomen or first post- abdominal chamber. Range. — Upper Triassic (Karnian?; Norian) to Cre- taceous. Occurrence. — Worldwide. Syringocapsa turgida new species Plate 14, figures 2, 6, 7, 16 Etymology.—turgidus (Latin) = swollen. Description.— Test as for genus; cephalis dome- shaped. Thorax and abdomen subcylindrical, imper- forate, with massive nodes. Proximal portion of post- abdominal chamber highly inflated, increasing rapidly in height and width as added; distal portion of post- abdominal chamber cylindrical, tapering distally. Meshwork of post-abdominal chambers consisting of large, variably sized, pentagonal pore frames having relatively well-developed nodes at pore frame vertices. Comparisons.— Syringocapsa turgida n. sp. differs from S. agolarium Foreman, 1973, and S. limatum Foreman, 1973, by lacking an apical horn and by pos- Sessing four (versus three) segments. S. turgida n. sp. differs from S. /imatum by having a post-abdominal chamber that lacks nodes. S. turgida n. sp. extends the range of Syringocapsa Neviani, 1900, to include the Upper Triassic. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305939) 515 131 All (7) paratypes (USNM 305940; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 389 151 smallest value recorded 306 129 mean value recorded 350 139 Type localities. —OR-143 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305939; paratypes: 305940 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to Upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. CYRTOIDEA incertae sedis The genera and species cited below cannot, at pres- ent, be placed within a meaningful supergeneric clas- Sification. They follow herein in alphabetical order. Genus CANESIUM new genus Etymology. — Canesium is a name formed by an ar- bitrary combination of letters (ICZN, 1964, p. 113, Appendix D, pt. IV, Recommendation 40). Type species. — Canesium lentum, n. sp. Description. — Test multicyrtoid, subconical in out- line. Cephalis dome-shaped, perforate, lacking a horn. Thorax and abdomen perforate, subcylindrical to cy- lindrical. Cephalis, thorax, and abdomen covered by an outer layer of microgranular silica. Post-abdominal chamber(s) large, inflated, cylindrical; meshwork con- sisting of a single layer of large, variably-sized polyg- onal pore frames having well-developed, massive nodes at the pore frame vertices; pores circular to elliptical in outline. Chambers separated from each other by one row of pores situated at strictures, pores circular to subcircular in outline; chambers constricted. Cham- bers expanding rapidly in both height and width. Comparisons.— Canesium new genus differs from Syringocapsa Neviani, 1900, by lacking a tapering final post-abdominal chamber, and by having chambers that increase rapidly in both height and width. Canesium new genus differs from Sethocapsa Haeckel, 1881, by having the first three segments covered by an outer layer of microgranular silica, and by possessing a less globose, open terminal segment. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Canesium lentum new species Plate 14, figures 3, 8, 11; Plate 17, figure 13 Eucyrtidium (?) sp. A Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, p. 78, pl. 9, figs. 5, 9. Etymology. — lentus (Latin) = tough, resistant, bare- ly yielding to force. Description. —' Test as for genus. Cephalis dome- shaped. Thorax and abdomen imperforate, subcylin- drical. Test with one post-abdominal chamber; mesh- work consisting of large, polygonal pore frames having relatively well-developed nodes at pore frame vertices; nodes moderate in relief. Chambers increasing rapidly in both height and width as added; width of any cham- ber only slightly larger than height. All chambers con- stricted. Comparisons. — Canesium lentum n. sp. differs from Syringocapsa turgida n. sp. by possessing a highly in- flated, final post-abdominal chamber. 54 BULLETIN 318 Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305941) 175 118 All (7) paratypes (USNM 305942; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 197 131 smallest value recorded 164 110 mean value recorded 179 120 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-143. Paratypes from OR-143 and OR-39 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305941; paratypes: USNM 305942 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Genus CASTRUM new genus Etymology.—castrum (Latin) = castle, fort, fortress. Type species. — Castrum perornatum n. sp. Description. — Test multicyrtoid, conical, consisting of seven or more post-abdominal chambers (seg- ments). Cephalis dome-shaped, imperforate, lacking a horn. Thorax, abdomen, and post-abdominal cham- bers trapezoidal to subtrapezoidal in outline, separated from each other by strongly nodose circumferential ridges; nodes massive, high in relief. Area between two given circumferential ridges perforate, consisting of two different-sized sets of polygonal pore frames (predom- inantly tetragonal); larger pore frames with large, sub- circular pores; smaller pore frames with circular to subcircular pores; smaller set of pore frames integral with nodose circumferential ridges. Chambers (seg- ments) constricted between circumferential ridges. Comparisons.— Castrum new genus differs from oth- er Triassic genera described in this report by having a test with chambers consisting of two different-sized sets of polygonal pore frames that are separated by nodose circumferential ridges. Range.— Upper Triassic (lower Karnian to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Eastern Oregon, British Columbia. Castrum perornatum new species Plate 14, figures 4, 9, 12, 14, 18; Plate 17, figure 14 Dictyomitrella sp. B DeWever, 1979, p. 90, pl. 5, fig. 17. Etymology. — perornatus (Latin) = very ornate. Description. — Test as for genus. Eight or nine post- abdominal chambers, increasing gradually in height and more rapidly in width as added; width of any chamber approximately 3.5 times the height. Circum- ferential ridges with massive, polygonal nodes, nodes high in relief. Pore frames between circumferential ridges well-developed; larger pore frames triangular to rectangular in outline with large, subcircular to ellip- tical pores; smaller pore frames tetragonal in outline with circular to subcircular pores; smaller subcircular pores of the cephalis, abdomen, and earlier post-ab- dominal chambers poorly preserved. Comparisons.— Castrum perornatum n. sp. differs from other Nassellariina described in this report by having chambers consisting of two different-sized sets of polygonal pore frames separated by nodose circum- ferential ridges. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305943) 268 122 All (8) paratypes (USNM 305944; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 274 124 smallest value recorded 214 97 mean value recorded 236 119 Type locality. — OR-39 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305943; paratypes: USNM 305944 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (lower Karnian to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area and the Vance Creek area of east-central Oregon; Cache Creek Group, British Columbia. Genus LATIUM new genus Etymology. — Latium (Latin) = a district in Italy in which Rome was situated (ICZN, 1964, p. 113, Ap- pendix D, pt. IV, Recommendation 36). Type species. — Latium longulum, n. sp. Description. — Test multicyrtid, elongate, conical. Cephalis dome-shaped, imperforate, lacking a horn. Thorax trapezoidal to subtrapezoidal in outline. All chambers separated by narrow, perforate circumfer- ential ridges; one row of large, rectangular pore frames occurs at the base of the circumferential ridges on the thorax, abdomen, and post-abdominal chambers, pore frames low in relief; pores large, circular to elliptical in outline. Final post-abdominal chambers imperfo- rate, lacking pore frames. Chambers expanding slowly in width and height as added. Comparisons. — Latium new genus differs from other Nasellariina described in this report by having one row of rectangular pore frames situated at the base of each circumferential ridge. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 55 Range. —Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Latium longulum new species Plate 14, figures 5, 10, 13 Etymology.—longulus (Latin) = somewhat long. Description.— Test as for genus, consisting of seven or more post-abdominal chambers (segments). Ce- phalis imperforate, dome-shaped, smooth; thorax sub- trapezoidal in outline; remaining chambers rectangular in outline. Abdomen and post-abdominal chambers with weakly developed, rectangular pore frames with about 24 to 26 pores (12 to 13 visible laterally); pore frames low in relief. Chambers increasing slowly in height and more rapidly in width proximally; main- taining the same height and width medially and dis- tally, the exception being the final post-abdominal chamber, which decreases in width; width of any chamber approximately three times the height. Comparisons. — Latium longulum n. sp. differs from L. mundum n. sp. and L. paucum n. sp. by having a greater number of post-abdominal chambers (eight ver- sus six), and by having post-abdominal chambers that maintain approximately the same width throughout most of its length. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305945) 198 78 All (6) paratypes (USNM 305946; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 206 86 smallest value recorded 187 76 mean value recorded 199 80 Type locality. —OR-143 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305945; paratypes: USNM 305946 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. —Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Latium mundum new species Plate 13 figures t- s Etymology. — mundus (Latin) = clean, neat, elegant. Description. — Test as for genus, consisting of six post- abdominal chambers (segments). Cephalis imperfo- rate, dome-shaped, smooth; thorax subtrapezoidal in outline; remaining chambers rectangular in outline. Abdomen and post-abdominal chambers with faint, rectangular pore frames, with about 26 pores (13 vis- ible laterally); pore frames low in relief. Chambers in- creasing slowly in height and more rapidly in width as added, the exception being the final post-abdominal chamber which decreases in width; width ofany cham- ber approximately three times the height. Comparisons. — Latium mundum n. sp. differs from L. longulum n. sp. by having fewer post-abdominal chambers (six versus seven to eight), and by having post-abdominal chambers that increase more rapidly in width. L. mundum n. sp. differs from L. paucum n. sp. by having fewer pores visible laterally (13 versus 16), and by having post-abdominal chambers that in- crease more rapidly in width. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test A of test Holotype (USNM 305947) 212 88 All (7) paratypes : (USNM 305948; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 2:15 90 smallest value recorded 192 81 mean value recorded 205 85 Type locality. — OR-143 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305947; paratypes: USNM 305948 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Latium paucum new species Plate 15, figures 2, 8, 14 Etymology. — paucus (Latin) = few, little. Description. — Test as for genus, consisting of six post- abdominal chambers (segments). Cephalis imperfo- rate, dome-shaped, smooth; thorax smooth, subtra- pezoidal in outline; remaining chambers rectangular in outline. Abdomen and post-abdominal chambers with well-developed, rectangular pore frames with about 30 to 32 pores (15 to 16 visible laterally); pore frames low in relief. Chambers increasing slowly in height and width as added, the exception being the final two post-abdominal chambers, which decrease in width; width of any chamber approximately three times the height. Comparisons.—Latium paucum n. sp. differs from L. mundum n. sp. by having a greater number of pores visible laterally (16 versus 13), and by having post- abdominal chambers that increase less rapidly in width. L. paucum n. sp. differs from L. longulum n. sp. by having a greater number of pores visible laterally (16 versus 13), and by having post-abdominal chambers that increase more rapidly in width. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305949) 188 90 All (6) paratypes (USNM 305950; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 204 98 smallest value recorded 181 84 mean value recorded 193 92 Type locality.—OR-148 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305949; paratypes: USNM 305950 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Genus LAXTORUM new genus Etymology. —Laxtorum is a name formed by an ar- bitrary combination of letters (ICZN, 1964, p. 113, Appendix D, pt. IV, Recommendation 40). Type species.—Laxtorum hindei n. sp. Description. — Test multicyrtid, consisting of four or more post-abdominal chambers (segments). Cephalis conical, imperforate, with a large, well-developed horn. Thorax trapezoidal in outline, perforate, in some spec- imens buried by microgranular silica. Abdomen and post-abdominal chambers trapezoidal in outline. Test wall consisting of two layers: inner layer comprised of triangular to pentagonal pore frames that lack nodes; outer layer comprised of triangular to hexagonal pore frames with massive, polygonal nodes at the pore frame vertices, nodes low in relief; pores of both layers of pore frames large, subcircular to polygonal in outline; pore frames of the outer layer generally restricted to the circumferential ridges, with the exception of the final post-abdominal chambers. Post-abdominal chambers commonly increasing more rapidly in width than in height. Comparisons.— Laxtorum new genus differs from Canoptum Pessagno, 1979, by having a test in which the pores are not buried by an outer layer of accreted microgranular silica. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian); Lower Ju- rassic?.. Occurrence. — Kunga Formation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Laxtorum atliense new species Plate 15, figures 3, 9, 15, 16; Plate 17, figure 15 Etymology.— This species is named for Atli Inlet located on the northern portion of Lyell Island, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. BULLETIN 318 Description.— Test as for genus. Cephalis possessing a long, relatively massive horn (tip of horn broken on type material). Thorax trapezoidal in outline, partially perforate. Abdomen and post-abdominal chambers subtrapezoidal in outline; six post-abdominal cham- bers, increasing gradually in height and more rapidly in width; width of any chamber approximately four times the height. Circumferential ridges of outer layer with two rows of polygonal pore frames, pores circular to subcircular in outline. Comparisons.— Laxtorum atliense n. sp. has been compared to L. kulense n. sp. under the latter species. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305951) 181 93 AU (6) paratypes (USNM 305952; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 196 98 smallest value recorded by 86 mean value recorded 184 92 Type locality. — QC-24 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305951; paratypes: USNM 305952 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Middle member of the Kunga For- mation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Laxtorum hindei new species Plate 15, figures 4, 10, 17, 18 Etymology. — This species is named for G. J. Hinde, in honor of his early contributions towards the study of Triassic Radiolaria. Description. — Test as for genus. Cephalis large, with a short, broad horn. Thorax trapezoidal in outline, partially perforate. Abdomen and post-abdominal chambers subtrapezoidal in outline; five post-abdom- inal chambers increasing gradually in height and more rapidly in width as added; width of any chamber ap- proximately three times the height. Circumferential ridges of outer layer with one row of polygonal pore frames, pores subcircular in outline. Comparisons.— Laxtorum hindei n. sp. differs from other species of Laxtorum new genus described in this report by having a shorter, broader horn. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305953) 163 78 All (8) paratypes (USNM 305954; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 210 101 smallest value recorded 157 TE mean value recorded 174 85 UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 57 Type locality. — QC-24 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305953; paratypes: USNM 305954 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Middle member of the Kunga For- mation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Laxtorum kulense new species Plate 15, figures 5, 11, 12, 19 Etymology. — This species is named for Kul Rocks, located directly south of Kunga Island in Richardson Inlet, Queen Charlotte Islands. Description.— Test as for genus. Cephalis with a long, relatively massive horn (tip of horn broken on type material). Thorax trapezoidal in outline, partially per- forate. Abdomen and post-abdominal chambers sub- trapezoidal in outline; seven post-abdominal cham- bers, increasing gradually in height and more rapidly in width, the exception being the final three to four post-abdominal chambers, which tend to be of the same width; width of any chamber approximately five times the height. Circumferential ridges of outer layer with one to two rows of polygonal pore frames, pores cir- cular to elliptical in outline. Area between circumfer- ential ridges narrow. Comparisons. — Laxtorum kulense n. sp. differs from L. atliense n. sp. by having a much wider test, width Of any chamber approximately five times the height. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305955) 159 90 All (7) paratypes (USNM 305956; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 187 95 smallest value recorded 154 84 mean value recorded 171 91 Type locality. — QC-24 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305955; paratypes: USNM 305956 and Blome collection. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Norian). Occurrence. — Middle member of the Kunga For- mation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Laxtorum species A Plate 15, figure 6 Remarks.— Laxtorum sp. A differs from L. atliense D. sp. and L. kulense n. sp. by having a more elongate, Slender test that tapers distally, and by having a slen- der, narrower horn. Range and occurrence. — QC-24. Upper Triassic (up- per Norian). Middle member of the Kunga Formation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Rare. Genus QUASIPETASUS new genus Etymology. —quasi (Latin) = as it were, a sort of + petasus (Latin) = a broad brimmed hat. Type species. — Quasipetasus insolitus n. sp. Description. — Test dicyrtid to tricyrtid, hat-shaped in outline, with a large, inflated cephalis; cephalis sub- spherical to spherical, with or without a horn. Cephalis perforate, comprised of two layers of pore frames when well preserved; outer layer of meshwork consisting of large, massive, polygonal pore frames with large nodes at the pore frame vertices; inner layer comprised of smaller, polygonal pore frames with large, circular to subcircular pores. Thorax subcylindrical to cylindrical; abdomen, when present, large, subcylindrical; thorax and abdomen with large, flaring imperforate skirt, skirt ridged. Meshwork of thorax and abdomen consisting of a single layer of extremely wide, raised polygonal pore frames that lack distinct nodes; pores circular to elliptical in outline. Wide, imperforate band at joint separating chambers. Comparisons. — Quasipetasus n. genus differs from other Triassic Nassellariina by having a hat-shaped test possessing an imperforate skirt. Quasipetasus disertus new species Plate 16, figures 1, 7, 18, 19; Plate 17, figure 16 Etymology.— disertus (Latin) = eloquent, expres- sive. Description. — Test dicyrtid; cephalis large, bulbous, extremely wide, lacking a horn; outer layer of polygonal pore frames poorly preserved on type material; inner layer with uniformly sized, raised polygonal pore frames with poorly developed nodes at pore frame vertices; pores large, circular to subcircular in outline. Thorax exhibiting one layer of wide, raised polygonal pore frames that lacks distinct nodes; pores large, circular to elliptical in outline. Thoracic skirt thick, massive, slightly narrower than width of abdomen, rounded api- cally (towards cephalis) and abapically. Chambers de- creasing rapidly in width from cephalis to thorax; ap- proximately equal in height. Chambers heavily constricted at joints. Comparisons. — Quasipetasus disertus n. sp. differs from Q. insolitus n. sp. by being dicyrtid, by having a wider, more bulbous cephalis that lacks a horn, and by having a narrower, more massive thoracic skirt. 58 BULLETIN 318 Measurements (in um).— length maximum diameter of test of cephalis Holotype (USNM 305961) 225 138 All (8) paratypes (USNM 305962; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 239 148 smallest value recorded 222 131 mean value recorded 22: 138 Type locality. — OR-143 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305961; paratypes: USNM 305962 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Quasipetasus insolitus new species Plate 16, figures 2, 8, 12; Plate 17, figure 17 Unnamed hat-shaped Nassellarian, Pessagno, 1979, p. 69, pl. 5, figs. 1-2. Etymology. — insolitus (Latin) = unusual, strange, uncommon. Description. — Test tricyrtid; cephalis large, bulbous, wide, with small, asymmetrically-positioned, rudi- mentary horn; outer layer comprised of coarse, vari- ably-sized, polygonal pore frames with nodes at some pore frame vertices, nodes relatively high in relief, in- ner layer with smaller, uniformly-sized, polygonal pore frames with large, circular to subcircular pores. Thorax and abdomen exhibiting one layer of wide, raised po- lygonal pore frames that lack distinct nodes; pores large, circular to elliptical in outline. Abdominal skirt thin, moderately flaring, skirt approximately one-and-one- half times the diameter of thé abdomen, rounded api- cally (toward cephalis) and abapically. Chambers de- creasing slightly in width as added; increasing slightly in height, the exception being the shortened thorax. Chambers heavily constricted at joints. Comparisons. — Quasipetasus insolitus n. sp. differs from Q. disertus n. sp. by being tricyrtid, by having a narrower, less bulbous cephalis which possesses a horn, and by having a wider, less massive abdominal skirt. Measurements (in um).— length maximum diameter of test of cephalis Holotype (USNM 305963) 249 123 All (8) paratypes (USNM 305964; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 258 125 smallest value recorded 228 L3 mean value recorded 244 120 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-152 (see Appendix). Types.—Holotype: USNM 305963; paratypes: USNM 305964 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, east-central Or- egon; San Hipolito Formation, Baja California; and the Cache Creek Group of British Columbia. Genus TRIASSOCAMPE Dumitrica, Kozur, and Mostler, 1980 (emend. herein) Type species.— Triassocampe scalaris Dumitrica, Kozur, and Mostler, 1980. Comparisons. — Triassocampe differs from Yeharaia Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, by lacking the gourd- like first two segments and by lacking a large, well- developed apical horn. Range.— Middle Triassic (Ladinian) to Upper Trias- sic (Norian). . Occurrence.—Eastern Oregon, Alaska, British Co- lumbia, Austria, Greece, Sicily, Turkey, and Japan. Triassocampe immaturum new species Plate 16, figures 3, 10, 13 Etymology.—immaturus (Latin) = immature, un- ripe, untimely. Description. — Test as for genus. Cephalis dome- shaped in outline, slightly perforate, lacking a horn. Thorax and abdomen subcylindrical. Post-abdominal chambers subtrapezoidal to subcylindrical; chambers increasing more rapidly in width than in height. Three to four post-abdominal chambers inflated, increasing slowly in height and width as added; width of any chamber approximately twice the height. Circumfer- ential ridges massive, rounded with large, circular to subcircular pores aligned in a single row; pores situated at the base of the circumferential ridges. Comparisons. — Triassocampe immaturumn. sp. dif- fers from T. deweveri Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, T. proprium n. sp. and T. scalaris Dumitrica, Kozur, and Mostler, 1980, by having a cephalis that lacks a horn, by having a more rounded thorax and abdomen, and by having more inflated post-abdominal cham- bers. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305957) 167 78 All (6) paratypes (USNM 305958; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 232 91 smallest value recorded 143 72 mean value recorded 170 82 es E - dino UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 59 Type locality. —OR-148 (see Appendix). Types.— Holotype: USNM 305957; paratypes: USNM 305958 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Triassocampe proprium new species Plate 16, figures 4, 11, 14 Etymology. —proprius (Latin) = one's own, special, particular, peculiar. Description.— Test as for genus. Cephalis dome- shaped with a well-developed, centrally positioned horn; horn triradiate in axial section. Thorax and ab- domen subtrapezoidal in outline, chambers increasing slowly in height and width. Five to six post-abdominal chambers, subtrapezoidal in outline, increasing slowly in height and width; width of any chamber approxi- mately three times the height. Circumferential ridges massive, rounded with large, circular to subcircular pores aligned in a single row; pores situated at the base of the circumferential ridges. Comparisons.— Triassocampe proprium n. sp. dif- fers from T. immaturum n. sp. by having a cephalis which possesses a horn, by having a thorax and ab- domen which is subtrapezoidal in outline, and by hav- ing more inflated, wider post-abdominal chambers, the width of any chamber approximately three times the height. Measurements (in um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305959) 265 100 All (5) paratypes (USNM 305960; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 22249) 105 smallest value recorded 20) 83 mean value recorded 245 93 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-52 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305959; paratypes: USNM 305960 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence. — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. Genus XIPHA new genus Etymology.—The word Xipha (fem.) is a name formed by an arbitrary combination of letters (ICZN, 1964, p. 113, Appendix D, pt. IV, Recommendation 41). Type species. — Xipha pessagnoi Nakaseko and Ni- shimura, 1979. Description. — Test multicyrtid, conical in shape, with well-developed strictures. Cephalis dome-shaped, im- perforate, lacking a horn. Thorax subtrapezoidal to subcircular in outline, with or without massive costae. Subcircular pores commonly found at strictures sep- arating thorax, abdomen, and post-abdominal cham- bers; most pores subsequently buried by an outer layer of accreted microgranular silica. Abdomen and post- abdominal chambers subcylindrical, rounded, with massive, continuous costae; costal extensions present on final post-abdominal chambers with some taxa. All chambers increasing rapidly in both height and width as added. Comparisons. — Xipha new genus differs from other Triassic genera described in this report by possessing a multicyrtid test that exhibits wide, continuous costae. Xipha new genus differs from Eucyrtidium Ehrenberg, 1847, by lacking an apical horn, by consistently having four or more chambers, and by having subcircular pores situated at the strictures separating chambers. Xipha new genus also differs from Dictyomitra Zittel 1876 (emend. Pessagno, 1976 [type species = D. multicos- tata Zittel, 1876; see Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, p. 77]) by being broadly conical in outline (versus spin- dle-shaped), by lacking large pores with accessory flaps situated between the costae, and by possessing a much smaller number of post-abdominal chambers. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; Norian). Occurrence. — Eastern Oregon, British Columbia, and Japan. Xipha pessagnoi Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 : (emend. herein) Plate 16, figures 6, 9, 17 Dictyomitra pessagnoi Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, p. 77, pl. 9, HES A a A, Emended definition.— Test as for genus. Thorax broad, subcircular in outline, with remnants of costae at base. Abdomen and first post-abdominal chamber robust, inflated, subcylindrical; first post-abdominal chamber may be flattened; chambers exhibit well-de- veloped, continuous costae; costae connecting stric- tures; costal extensions absent. All chambers increase in width and more rapidly in height as added; width of any chamber approximately one-and-one-half times the height. Well-developed, circular to subcircular pores occurring at strictures separating thorax, abdomen, and first post-abdominal chambers. Comparisons.— Xipha pessagnoi Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, as herein emended, differs from X. striata n. sp. by having less massive, continuous costae 60 BULLETIN 318 connecting strictures, by lacking costal extensions, and by possessing well-developed pores at the strictures. Range. — Upper Triassic (upper Karnian to upper middle Norian). Occurrence.—Rail Cabin Mudstone, east-central Or- egon; and the Mino Belt, central Japan. Xipha striata new species Plate 16, figures 5, 15, 16, Plate 17, figure 18 Etymology.—striatus (Latin) = fluted, channeled. Description. — Test as for genus. Thorax broad, sub- cylindrical in outline, with well-developed, massive costae. Abdomen and first post-abdominal chamber robust, circular in outline, both chambers exhibiting massive, continuous costae; first post-abdominal chamber with flattened costae, costal extensions well- developed; stricture area on all chambers free of costae. All chambers increasing rapidly in width and height as added; width of any chamber approximately twice the height. Pores absent at strictures separating cham- bers. Comparisons.— Xipha striata n. sp. differs from X. pessagnoi Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979, by having more massive costae, and by having well-developed costal extensions. Measurements (1n um).— length maximum width of test of test Holotype (USNM 305965) 162 94 All (9) paratypes (USNM 305966; Blome coll.) largest value recorded 180 99 smallest value recorded 156 79 mean value recorded 166 90 Type localities. — Holotype from OR-39. Paratypes from OR-39 and OR-52 (see Appendix). Types. — Holotype: USNM 305965; paratypes: USNM 305966 and Blome collection. Range.— Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian). Occurrence, — Rail Cabin Mudstone, Suplee-Izee area, east-central Oregon. APPENDIX COLLECTING LOCALITIES Eastern Oregon OR-5 through OR-10.— 13.1 m (43 ft) of thinly bedded, silty mudstone at the top of the Brisbois Member; becoming more sili- ceous towards the top and the contact with the Rail Cabin Mudstone. USGS Izee 15' Quad.: NWA, NEW, sec. 14, T. 17 S., R. 27 E. Western side of Morgan Mountain. Position in section is relative to Brisbois - Rail Cabin contact. OR-5.— Green-black silty mudstone 13.1 m (43 ft) below con- tact. OR-6.— Green-black silty mudstone 10.7 m (35 ft) below con- tact. OR-7.—Green-black silty mudstone 9.1 m (30 ft) below contact. OR-8.— Green-black silty mudstone 6.1 m (20 ft) below contact. OR-9.— Green-black silty mudstone 3.0 m (10 ft) below contact. OR-10.— Green-black mudstone 1.5 m (5 ft) below contact. OR-39.— Black calcilutite float. Limestones of this type only occur in the upper part of the Rail Cabin Mudstone in this area. USGS Izee 15’ Quad.: SEIA, NE, sec. 14, T. 17 S., R. 27 E. Top of ridge immediately west of Elkhorn Creek. This sample contains Radiolaria no older than late middle Norian (See Text-fig. 4). OR-42 through OR-57.— 99.7 m (327 ft) of thinly bedded black siliceous (siliclastic) mudstone overlying the Brisbois Member; be- coming more siliceous near the top. Contact with the Graylock For- mation missing. USGS Izee 15' Quad.: SEM, NE, sec. 14, T. 17 S., R. 27 E. East side of unnamed drainage west of Elkhorn Creek, south side of Morgan Mountain. Position in section is relative to Rail Cabin - Brisbois contact. OR-42.— Dark green-black siliceous mudstone 0.3 m (1 ft) above contact. OR-43.— Green-black siliceous mudstone 2.4 m (8 ft) above contact. OR-44.—Green-black siliceous mudstone 4.0 m (13 ft) above contact. OR-45.— Black siliceous mudstone 5.5 m (18 ft) above contact. OR-47.— Green-black siliceous mudstone 16.8 m (55 ft) above contact. OR-48.— Green-black siliceous mudstone 19.8 m (65 ft) above contact. OR-50.— Black siliceous mudstone 31.1 m (102 ft) above con- tact. OR-51.—Black siliceous mudstone 41.8 m (137 ft) above con- tact. OR-52.—Black siliceous mudstone 63.1 m (207 ft) above con- tact. OR-53.—Black siliceous mudstone 72.3 m (237 ft) above con- tact. OR-54.— Black siliceous mudstone 78.4 m (257 ft) above con- tact. OR-55.—Green-black siliceous mudstone 81.4 m (267 ft) above contact. OR-56.—Black siliceous mudstone 92.1 m (302 ft) above con- tact. OR-57.—Green-black siliceous mudstone 99.7 m (327 ft) above contact. OR-68 through OR-71.— Dark black chert samples occurring within the Miller Mt. melange. USGS Mt. Vernon 15’ Quad.: SW%4, NE, sec. 5, T. 14 S., R. 30 E., approximately 0.2 mi north of Vance Creek. These samples contain Radiolaria that are late Ladinian/early Kar- nian in age. UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 61 OR-102 through OR-108*.—31 m (102 ft) of thinly bedded, black siliceous (siliclastic) mudstone and gray-weathering limestone over- lying the Brisbois Member. USGS 15’ Quad.: SEM, NWIA, sec. 26, T. 17 S., R 27 E. Western side of Brisbois Gulch. Position in section is relative to the Rail Cabin - Brisbois contact. OR-102.— Black siliceous mudstone 0.6 m (2 ft) above contact. OR-103.— Dark, aphanitic limestone 2.1 m (7 ft) above contact. OR-104.— Dark, aphanitic limestone 5.2 m (17 ft) above con- tact. OR-105.— Black siliceous mudstone 11.3 m (37 ft) above con- tact. OR-106.— Black siliceous mudstone 15.9 m (52 ft) above con- tact. OR-107.— Dark, aphanitic limestone 16.5 m (54 ft) above con- tact. OR-108.— Black siliceous mudstone 31.1 m (102 ft) above con- tact. OR-123C. — Black chert sample collected near the base of the Fields Creek Formation along Fields Creek road, approximately 11.3 mi South of the intersection of Hwy. 26 and Fields Creek road. USGS Aldrich Mt. 15' Quad.: NEW, SEY, sec. 5, T. 14 S., R. 29 E. This Sample contains Radiolaria that are early Karnian in age. OR-138 through OR-158.—109.5 m (359 ft) of thinly bedded black siliceous (siliclastic) mudstone overlying the Brisbois Member; the section becoming more siliceous near the top and its contact with the Graylock Formation. USGS Izee 15' Quad.: SEMA, NW‘, Sec. 14, T. 17 S., R 27 E. West side of unnamed drainage west of Elkhorn Creek, south side of Morgan Mt. Position in section is relative to the Rail Cabin - Brisbois contact. Sample localities are given in ascending order as in Text-figure 4. OR 138.—Black siliceous mudstone 0.3 m (1 ft) above contact. OR-139.—Black siliceous mudstone 1.8 m (6 ft) above contact. OR-140.—Black siliceous mudstone 9.8 m (32 ft) above contact. OR-141.—Black siliceous mudstone 17.1 m (56 ft) above con- tact. OR-142.— Black siliceous mudstone 32.2 m (106 ft) above con- tact. OR-143.— Black siliceous mudstone 35.4 m (116 ft) above con- tact. OR-144.— Black siliceous mudstone 39.0 m (128 ft) above con- tact. OR-145.—Black siliceous mudstone 45.0 m (148 ft) above con- tact. OR-146.—Black siliceous mudstone 55.8 m (183 ft) above con- tact. OR-147.— Black siliceous mudstone 58.8 m (193 ft) above con- tact. OR-148.— Black siliceous mudstone 65.2 m (214 ft) above con- tact. OR-149.— Black siliceous mudstone 71.3 m (234 ft) above con- tact. ema * According to N. J. Silberling (personal commun.), Monotis sub- Circularis Gabb (upper Norian) was recovered from these strata by David Taylor (Univ. of California, Berkeley). OR-151.— Black siliceous mudstone 84.8 m (278 ft) above con- tact. OR-152.— Black siliceous mudstone 90.5 m (297 ft) above con- tact. OR-153.— Black siliceous mudstone 97.0 m (318 ft) above con- tact. OR-154.— Black siliceous mudstone 100.0 m (328 ft) above contact. OR-155.— Black siliceous mudstone 102.7 m (337 ft) above contact. OR-125.— Black siliceous mudstone 106.4 m (349 ft) above contact. OR-126.— Black siliceous mudstone 107.9 m (354 ft) above contact. OR-127.— Black siliceous mudstone 109.4 m (359 ft) above contact. GC-4A.— Dark-red chert sample occurring within the Grindstone- Twelvemile melange. USGS Suplee 742’ Quad.; SEV, NW, sec. 11, T. 18 S., R. 25 E. Located approximately 0.6 mi northeast of the North Fork of Trout Creek, and 0.4 mi northwest of Long Spring at the base of a topographic bench. This sample contains Radiolaria that are early Pennsylvanian to early Permian in age. El Queen Charlotte Islands (Kunga Formation type locality, north shore of Kunga Island; see Text-fig. 4) QC-24. — Black limestone member. Thin-bedded black calcilutite and interbedded black siliceous (siliclastic) mudstones. Sample from dark-gray calcilutite nodule 15 cm (6 in) in diameter; 55.5 m (182 ft) below contact with the black argillite member. QC-26.— Black limestone member. Thin-bedded black calcilutite and interbedded black siliceous mudstone. Sample from dark-gray calcilutite nodule 20 cm (8 in) in diameter; 41.2 m (135 ft) below the contact with the black argillite member. QC-42. — Black limestone member. Thin-bedded black calcilutite and interbedded black siliceous mudstone. Sample from dark-gray calcilutite nodule 15 cm (6 in) in diameter; 48.8 m (160 ft) below the contact with the black argillite member. QC-49.— Black limestone member. Thin-bedded black calcilutite and interbedded black siliceous mudstone. Sample from dark-gray calcilutite nodule 20 cm (8 in) in diameter; 15.9 m (52 ft) below the contact with the black argillite member. QC-51A.— Black limestone member. Thin-bedded black calcilu- tite and interbedded black siliceous mudstone. Sample from dark- gray calcilutite nodule 12.5 cm (5 in) in diameter; 4.0 m (13 ft) below the contact with the black argillite member. Samples QC-38, QC-16, and QC-37, were collected 65.9 m (216 ft), 74.0 m (243 ft) and 81.4 m (267 ft) below sample QC-24. These samples contained fragments of Monotis, Bronn, 1830, which, ac- cording to N. J. Silberling (USGS, Denver; written commun.), is probably Monotis subcircularis Gabb, 1864. Brown (1968, p. 57) reports Monotis subcircularis occurring within an interval 21.3 m (70 ft) beneath the contact with the overlying black argillite member and 34.1 m (112 ft) above sample QC-24. 62 BULLETIN 318 REFERENCES CITED Baumgartner, P. O. 1980. 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(eds.), Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, covering Leg 26 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Chal- lenger. Washington, D. C., United States Gov. Printing Office, vol. 26. Rust, D. 1885. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der fossilen Radiolarien aus Ge- steinen des Jura. Paleontologr., vol. 31 (ser. 3, vol. 7), pp. 269-321, pls. 26-45. Silberling, N. J., and Tozer, E. T. 1968. Biostratigraphic Classification of the Marine Triassic in North America. Geol. Soc. of America, Spec. Publ. No. 110, pp. 1—57, 1 text-fig., 1 pl. Smith, J. P. 1927. Upper Triassic Marine Invertebrate Faunas of North America. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, vol. 141, 262 pp., 2198 Squinabol, S. 1903. Le Radiolarie dei Noduli selciosi nella Scaglia degli Eu- ganei. Riv. Ital. Paleontol., vol. 9, pp. 105-150. Sutherland Brown, A.S. 1968. Geology of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. British Columbia Dept. Mines and Pet. Resources, vol. 54, 266 pp. Takashima, K., and Koike, T. 1982. Triassic radiolarian faunas in cherts from some areas in Japan. News, Osaka Micropaleontologists, Spec. vol. No. 5, pp. 45-50, 4 pls. Thayer, T. P. 1978. The Canyon Mountain Complex, Oregon, and some prob- lems of ophiolites, pp. 93-106, in Coleman, R. G., and Irwin, W. P. (eds.), Ophiolites. Oregon Dept. Geol. and Miner. Ind. Bull., vol. 95, 183 pp. Thayer, T. P., and Brown, C. E. 1960. Upper Triassic graywackes and associated rocks in the Al- drich Mountains, Oregon. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper, 400-B, pp. 300-302. Tozer, E. T. 1967. A standard for Triassic time. Can. Geol. Survey, Bull., vol. 156, pp. 1-103. Twenhofel, W. H. 1937. Terminology of the fine-grained mechanical sediments: Exhibit F — Report of the committee on Sedimentation, 1936-1937. Nat. Res. Counc., Div. Geol. Geog., pp. 81- 104. Vallier, T. L., Brooks, H. C., and Thayer, T. P. 1977. Paleozoic rocks of eastern Oregon and western Idaho, pP- 455-466 in Stewart, J. H., Stevens, C. H., and Fritsche, A.E. (eds.), Paleozoic paleogeography of the western United States. Pacific Sect., Soc. Econ. Paleontol. and Mineral., volk l 5302pp: Vinassa de Regny, P. E. 1900. Rocce e fossili dei dintorni di Grizzana e di Lagaro nel Bolognese. Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 321- 348. Waagen, W. 1869. in Benecke, Ernst Wilhelm, 1838-1917, Geognostisch-Pa- läontologische Beiträge, 1866-1876, vol. 1, pp. 47-48, + atlas. Wisniowski, T. 1889. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Mikrofauna aus den oberjuras- sischen Feuersteinknollen der Umgegend von Krakau. Jahrb. Kaiserl.-Kgl. Geol. Reichsanst., Wien, vol. 38 (1888). No. 3, pp. 657—702, pls. 12-13. Yao, A. 1972. Radiolarian fauna from the Mino Belt in the northern part of the Inuyama area, central Japan. Part 1. Spongosatur- nalids. Osaka City Univ., J. Geosci., vol. 15, No. 2, pP- 21-64. :1982. Middle Triassic to Early Jurassic Radiolarians from the Inuyama area, central Japan. Osaka City Univ., J. Geo- sci., vol. 25, pp. 135-154. Yao, A., Matsuda, T., and Isozaki, Y. 1980. Triassic and Jurassic Radiolarians from the Inuyama area, central Japan. Osaka City Univ., J. Geosci., vol. 23, pP- 135-164. Yao, A., Matsuoka, A., and Nakatani, T. 1982. Triassic and Jurassic radiolarian assemblages in south- west Japan. News, Osaka Micropaleontologists, Spec. vol. No. 5, pp. 27-44, 4 pls. Zittel, K. A. 1876. Ueber einige fossile Radiolarien aus der norddeutschen Kreide. Z. Deutsche Geol. Gesell., vol. 28, pp. 75-86. | EB PLATES Magnification is given by assigning a length, in um, to the scale bar that appears in the upper right portion of each plate. Collecting localities are described in detail in the Appendix. BULLETIN 318 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1 All figures are scanning electron micrographs of Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian) acanthocircid Radiolaria from the Rail Cabin Mudstone of eastern Oregon. Figure Page LE ACA MIADO E CLES DUMAS CASTA NE SDeorc sper aate OS E ertt ea amt eese er no ERR TUUS 21 Holotype (USNM 305857): Scale bar = 200 and 100 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. d odo A CAN OS AS PS MES D euch YR E RET RET eoe eg crie dr aeri OS pe a OO S 22 2. Holotype (USNM 305859): Scale bar = 150 um. Loc. OR-139. : 3, 12. Paratype (USNM 305860): Scale bar = 150 and 100 um, respectively. Loc. OR-139. 4,0, I3. Acanthocions NUNVISONCHISES IIE WES WE CIES ru eira LE wes s ee etd de a een 22 4, 13. Holotype (USNM 305861): Scale bar = 150 and 100 um, respectively. Loc. OR-139. 5. Paratype (USNM 305862): Scale bar = 150 um. Loc. OR-139. Note that 4. harrisonensis n. sp. has a ring that is subcircular in outline and peripheral spines that are wider than those of A. usitatus n. sp. (Pl. 2, figs. 8, 18). 0) DA. ACHE OCINCISAIZEENSIS EDECANES 22 Holotype (USNM 305863): Scale bar = 171 and 109 um, respectively. Loc. OR-51. Note that 4. izeensis n. sp. has a subcircular ring cavity and a ring that is wider and less square in outline than that of A. macoyensis n. sp. (Pl. 2, figs. 1, 12). Tig 8 Lo DO A TIG SPECIES (cc A A S BUN D A adr Parm SYRE CERT OT 25) 7, 15. Holotype (USNM 305865): Scale bar = 150 and 100 um, respectively. Loc. OR-52. 8, 15. Paratype (USNM 305866): Scale bar = 150 and 100 um, respectively. Loc. OR-52. Note that 4. largus n. sp. has a ring that is wider and less elliptical in outline than that of 4. ochocoensis n. sp. (PL 2, figs. 2, 13) and A. prinevillensis n. sp. (Pl. 3, figs. 3, 14). 0.77. MOWHEHOGIECUS TUCU TEWsSDECIGS a d a a eba in REDI Mo LO al PE NES 28 Holotype (USNM 305867): Scale bar = 150 and 100 um, respectively. Loc. OR-139. LO 19. ACM ECU PRO EEC neutre A ect ner deca a ems a S C ERES 23 Holotype (USNM 305869): Scale bar = 171 and 109 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. Note that A. lupheri n. sp. has a much narrower, less massive ring than that of 4. silverensis n. sp. (Pl. 2, figs. 6, 16). BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY, VOLUME 85 BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY, VOLUME 85 UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2 67 | All figures are scanning electron micrographs of Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian) acanthocircid Radiolaria from the Rail Cabin Mudstone of eastern Oregon. Figure 1219 Acanthocitcussmaboyensis NEW SPECIES a e E roi a SLM UU E tee q > Holotype (USNM 305871): Scale bar = 200 and 100 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. Note that 4. macoyensis n. sp. has a ring and ring cavity that is square in outline [compare with A. izeensis n. sp. (Pl. 1, figs. 6, 14)]. < Acanthocircus ochocoensis NEW SPECIES. v. eese aeris da eid e e ee ee e e Holotype (USNM 305873): Scale bar = 150 and 100 um, respectively. Loc. OR-52. = Acanthocircus prinevillensis new. species +. germes ass sea ete vk en ia ME Holotype (USNM 305875): Scale bar = 150 and 100 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. STA CANIROCIFCUS FO LUNUU SAN EWASDECIESE Wife ts DUO EE RIS a A NERA T RT E ee COE ET Ou WIL EE 4, 15. Holotype (USNM 305877): Scale bar = 171 and 100 um, respectively. 5. Perm (USNM 305878): Scale bar = 150 um. Loc. OR-39. Note the presence of the spongy cortical shell, which is normally oie away on “most specimens of Acanthocircus. EA CANTROCIKCUS SILVCLenSISENCWESDECIOS Gar asia e qeu ded uei o e Sd eed A PIS Holotype (USNM 305879): Scale bar = 171 and 100 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39, Note that A. silverensis n. sp. has a broader ring and more massive axial and circumaxial spines than does 4. burnsensis n. sD (PI i agso 1 FI . Acanthocircus supleensis new species ............. our t Eu cT C NE Holotype (USNM 305881): Scale bar = 150 and das um, respectively. Loc. OR- 139. PEA CANIROCUCUSTUS LA LUSAEWESDOCLES atria once Ra E SR IN TIERE M ME P ut NE Holotype (USNM 305883): Scale bar = 200 and 100 um, e Loc. OR-39. Note that 4. usitatus n. sp. has a narrower ring and less massive peripheral spines than does 4. supleensis n. sp. (Pl. 2, figs. TARRO We A CONLNOCIECUSVIRTASSE TIC WSSPCCICS O Ne IM e EM ee Aa ek 9. Holotype (USNM 305885): Scale bar = 150 um. 10. Paratype (USNM 305886): Scale bar = 150 um. Loc. OR-39. MEA CANINOCICUSESDECIOS PASE E e O E TE E A E e E ee ae ee Hypotype (Blome coll.): Scale bar = 150 um. Loc. OR-139. 25. 25 25 68 BULLETIN 318 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3 All figures are scanning electron micrographs of Upper Triassic Spumellariina. All but one specimen are from the Rail Cabin Mudstone of eastern Oregon (late Karnian?; early to late middle Norian in age). Figure Page LA fomthocikeus SUE CICS DE Ac DA eon REST Las ai dte tan NEA T AREE CERO ad 26 Hypotype (Blome coll.): Scale bar = 134 um. Loc. OR-139. Der COMI HOCIFCHSISECICSI ERA a tu act rtu ieee O E E M ane al ol, TS 26 Hypotype (Blome coll.): Scale bar = 150 um. Loc. OR-39. A RO ee os oo ee TC a o MI 26 Hypotype (Blome coll.): Scale bar = 200 um. Loc. OR-39. d SU ACHNIHOEIEENSISDECIESE = ne e EN EUM er EN T eM 26 Hypotype (Blome coll.): Scale bar = 150 and 100 um, respectively. Loc. OR-139. 6: 7: Preudohelto discus: Sand spitensis New: Species) eso oct ke a QUEEN een 2/7 Holotype (USNM 305887): Scale bar — 171 and 120 um, respectively. Loc. QC-24. Upper Norian. Middle black limestone member. Kunga Formation. 8. Capnuchosphaera col. A eu tM EI N T PD iC EM 28 Holotype (USNM 305785): Scale bar = 134 um. Loc. OR-39. o Capnuchomhaera de Wwe ver E ozar aad MOSE 22... 2 e Id ease e E c Ro SE ra b d 28 Hypotype (Blome coll.): Scale bar = 150 um. Loc. OR-39. JO C RDRHCHOSHAGCPIOSCHORRDBIOIme un. 0. ee E ue PR URINE ROCA RPG ee 28 Holotype (USNM 305789): Scale bar = 150 um. Loc. OR-39. I CUPWICHOSDHACPIDSHRHIHOERm A Seed EN ES Leere M A AF OS ee To ESA HN 29 Holotype (USNM 305793): Scale bar = 171 um. Loc. OR-39. LAS CUDHUChOSDHOE Ti SOCKensis DOI Craneo tai SEO owe sel ee E Pere Mga ls etui a re E eme Ed etm E 29 Holotype (USNM 305795): Scale bar = 150 um. Loc. OR-39. LS CHDHCHOSDROCVIDSIVIGSOHNIS-BIODIe S4 a en rta SE Pret id ASA uera as QE itech tee ERE NER ET RATE DE 29 Holotype (USNM 305791): Scale bar = 150 um. Loc. OR-39. JO A CHPRBUCHOSDHOOTH SORBIEYOHSISSBIOTIHCESN ee el RES rehenes roles er SEMIS E IRE Re 29 Holotype (USNM 305797): Scale bar = 171 um. Loc. OR-39. IS | COLOINIECOUNCINN GABON o ve ae LL IN UNE ere ooo INTTR SOROR CPGE DU SEA Weal ae M PESC O O AO e MEE 29 Holotype (USNM 305807): Scale bar = 240 um. Loc. OR-39. 16 "Cuomo geometticnBlomein: e ox ee PURUS Hoe Ce RR IRA OE nae US 30 Holotype (USNM 305809): Scale bar = 150 um. Loc. OR-39. IA C RIDHNE ERC CALE LEMS OLIN E M mec Mecum CN M M Mu CU GUAE EE 30 Holotype (USNM 305811): Scale bar = 134 um. Loc. OR-39. Pon DPUECHDIHISBIODIC wa ne Ime CCo EIU OL UO TAN aec ed S T o DR E MEE RUE 30 Holotype (USNM 305813): Scale bar = 120 um. Loc. OR-39. 192 TeromaıransversuBlomie ra LN ess UR I te LAS CONO DUE E Roa eR ore ae 30 Holotype (USNM 305815): Scale bar = 150 um. Loc. OR-39. QUE Sarla de A E E O UNE M E a cuta M Mu M US M 31 Holotype (USNM 305799): Scale bar = 171 um. Loc. OR-39. | | BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY, VOLUME 85 = G ` = re à Ns et p ST P uv 00 m É = > = € © al o E v Q m a < A 4 < = pá m > < IL O N Z E m = zd =) ea UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 69 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4 All figures are scanning electron micrographs of Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian) Capnuchosphaeridae and Capnodocinae from the Rail Cabin Mudstone of eastern Oregon. Figure Page IP SSarlat\rexiernaBlomen ns o a isis TIE O Dede c MN IE LIUM UN CAM 31 Holotype (USNM 305801): Scale bar = 200 um. Loc. OR-39. DS ara plena BIO a OC NE UR I NOD Qi I IL UL eS a. rp 31 Holotype (USNM 305803): Scale bar = 109 um. Loc. OR-139. Be Sarlazlongispinosa. © ö e o E Z e] m m « A Z < Q x Q = < E O un Z E al =l - ey a UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME ES EXPLANATION OF PLATE 8 All figures are scanning electron micrographs of Upper Triassic (upper Norian) Spumellariina from the middle black limestone member of the Kunga Formation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Figure Ss o A. AID US 310, 11. 16, 17. 4, 6, 13, 18. Page Ferrestum lüscekense ME was Deol RO n UOS UN CEN le EE LE LL MA MIRA Mec 43 Paratype (USNM 305904): Scale bar — 100, 38, 38, 38, and 43 um, respectively. Loc. QC-24. Kerresium:loganensenewispeciest e 9 ee QNS IE EN een ipe ena t DNE 43 Holotype (USNM 305905): Scale bar — 86, 30, 30, and 40 um, respectively. Loc. QC-24. Note that F. loganense n. sp. has a less inflated cortical shell and wider, more massive primary spines than does F. contortum n. sp. (Pl. 7, figs. 12, 13, 20). Ferros lyellensemewispeclos-- 9 ioe c ee CU QR IM eU ME E gaat 44 Holotype (USNM 305907): Scale bar = 86, 30, 43, 38, and 22 um, respectively. Loc. QC-24. Note the primary spines, which are subequal in length, two spines being significantly shorter than the third. (HOVVOSUILINLIEWICRSEMIOWASPECIES nn ec CT OM IN LL T a UC T EE 44 Holotype (USNM 305909): Scale bar = 78, 30, 26, and 43 um, respectively. Loc. QC-24. 74 BULLETIN 318 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 9 All figures are scanning electron micrographs of Upper Triassic (upper Norian) Spumellariina from the middle black limestone member of the Kunga Formation, Queen Charlotte Islands. Figure Page I SNC TOSS EPERESIWHTSDECIES Aus d QUIDEM E AN at 45 Scale bar = 100, 40, 30, and 50 um, respectively. Loc. QC-24. 2423, is hörrestumssDecies BD ANA e RR Pis ea E Ce I eu TUR ees a dde S EAD DA 45 Scale bar — 100, 38, 40, and 40 um, respectively. Loc. QC-24. OUO UL A CH deu std cue CUR Rec A ues ES E ee e CR TUE IURE CS 45 Scale bar — 75, 27, 33, and 38 um, respectively. Loc. QC-24. 42 ise TA 19.10. Broken specimens Ob Ferresnm showing Internal s(puotule; sn. e russos pr A A SR died Scale bar = 15, 15, 30, and 15 um, respectively. Locs. QC-24 and QC-26. Note the three layers of polygonal pore frames comprising the cortical shell. BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY, VOLUME 85 PLATE 9 BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY, VOLUME 85 PLATE 10 UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 75 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 10 All figures are scanning electron micrographs of Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian) Spumellariina from the Rail Cabin Mudstone, eastern Oregon. Figure Labs, LS NA 3,83, ©), 10, 18: 4, 14, 19. Sh, Wk, 115), 20), Page XOnOr um JONU NON S PECES Rd cp e oe NEL cha OS nan RI HU MEME Seale Se NOE wang a 45 Holotype (USNM 305911): Scale bar = 150, 75, 60, and 55 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. XENO m PLENUM Te We SDCCIC Sie t ec TN d M EA E ee ee de e sete te OA 45 Paratype (USNM 305912): Scale bar = 150, 75, 75, and 55 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. EXCNOVUMLAP RUIN NEN SPECIES k direne e CUN ee ei c Uu Oe ee E il a dU E. 46 Holotype (USNM 305913): Scale bar = 120, 60, 46, 46, and 67 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. Note that X. largum n. sp. has shorter primary spines that display lesser torsion than do those of X. flexum n. sp. (PL 10, figs. 6, 7, 12, 13). XCNOLUMPLANSUNUTIOW SPECIOSA uL OPUS te igen CO URN C E Lc St i cs dc VN. a idR 46 Paratype (USNM 305914): Scale bar — 171, 43, and 50 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. VERO LUMES DOCIOS TAS Rete E UE AR Ue M OE CERE E dn DEM EL e LU d E I D 46 Hypotype (Blome coll.): Scale bar = 75, 30, 26, and 40 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. 76 BULLETIN 318 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 11 All figures are scanning electron micrographs of Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian) Spumellariina and Nassellariina from the Rail Cabin Mudstone, eastern Oregon. Figure Page Ales NeHONITMISDECIOS tre a mI mu E A os O 45 Scale bar = 55, 67, 30, and 26 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. Note in figure 2 the simple spicule connecting interior of test to outer shell. Figures 3 and 4 exhibit polygonal pore frames with massive nodes at the pore frame vertices. 240: lalo DO DO Canon DEDO WIDE NAS POCOS e tee c t Ara a E OR ps 46 5, 11, 16, 17. Holotype (USNM 305921): Scale bar = 75, 33, 33, and 38 um, respectively. 6, 12, 20. Paratype (USNM 305922): Scale bar — 75, 33, and 30 um, respectively. Both from Loc. OR-148. Note that C. (?) browni n. sp. has a cephalis with a horn, and a smaller number of post-abdominal chambers than does C. farawayense n. sp. (Pl. 11, figs. 8, 13, 19) and C. macoyense n. sp. (Pl. 11, figs. 15, 18). 18, LI Po GATO PEL JüraWayense ew Speclesemt e Peu eoe do RUD CE RUE TT NR 47 Holotype (USNM 305923): Scale bar — 43, 100, 43, and 43 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. Note that C. farawayense n. sp. has a greater number of post-abdominal chambers and less massive circum- ferential ridges than does C. macoyense n. sp. (Pl. 11, figs. 15, 18). UC IM E GaHODUU IU XU eR SPECIES ee LIS UM LE M LEE TR EI ROT SRM 47 Holotype (USNM 305925): Scale bar = 60 and 30 um, respectively. Loc. OR-6. LU sy al Se E TAN A ture en A COENA SUMUS CIC RD 48 Holotype (USNM 305927): Scale bar — 86, 46, and 46 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. | BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY, VOLUME 85 PLATE 11 PLATE 12 VOLUME 85 EONTOLOGY, NS OF AMERICAN PAL TI E BULI UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME gg EXPLANATION OF PLATE 12 All figures are scanning electron micrographs of Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian) Nassellariina from the Rail Cabin Mudstone, eastern Oregon. Figure IIIS N OA 2,80), 15), 3, 10, 18, 19. O, E A Page Canope DEES A eM d RM x Lum M TM rn ee 48 Hypotype (Blome coll.): Scale bar = 67, 38, 38, and 26 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. be CANOPLUMESDECICS IB RT AN cic rea on ud EI MNT I UU E bi u el een 48 Hypotype (Blome coll.): Scale bar = 60 um. Loc. OR-39. Pachas MUS NC Wis DECO SER Eo end uc on tiu Au t den uM I Nee E aed 49 Holotype (USNM 305929): Scale bar — 75, 36, and 40 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. Note that P. firmus n. sp. has post-abdominal chambers that increase more slowly in height, and narrower, less inflated circumferential ridges separating chambers than does P. /uculentus n. sp. (Pl. 13, figs. 1, 6, 12). Pachiüs LEIS NEWASPOOLES EHRE S Ub coo cae esser s eei ee eor te quise eo E eis dua sce ee alii 49 Paratype (USNM 305930): Scale bar — 75, 33, and 36 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. Pachis Canan tS EDO WASDOSCISS Oeo pe o OU S MESS a M mM 49 Holotype (USNM 305931): Scale bar — 86, 43, 50, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. POCHUSALON BUN GUUS WESDEGLOS d ER IO ses eee e E AU dE M e ML ME 49 Holotype (USNM 305933): Scale bar — 86, 50, 30, and 46 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. Note that P. longinquus n. sp. has circumferential ridges with one to two rows of nodes that are smaller and less massive than those of P. firmus n. sp. (Pl. 12, figs. 8, 9, 15, 17). 78 BULLETIN 318 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 13 All figures are scanning electron micrographs of Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian) Nassellariina from the Rail Cabin Mudstone, eastern Oregon. Figure 15:62:07; 25 5. LO 355,15. 4, 13, 14, 17. 911,18, 10. Page Peho Duculentuscue WAS PECLes tas Re alles Re ATA eU EUR AE oa NTE 50 Holotype (USNM 305935): Scale bar = 75, 38, and 43 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. GEDFUMEDENTECLUIMENEWESDECTESE QU Piles ee ee en a ei 51 Holotype (USNM 305915): Scale bar = 86, 30, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. OR-148. Note that C. perfectum n. sp. has a greater number of post-abdominal chambers and broader costae than does C. regium n. sp. (P1 13; figs. 8, 15). CO TEANGA af ANNE) VC Ko CAL puta ss a dM NU ge RE MR EINE mA NEUE E UIS e Te gres 5l Holotype (USNM 305917): Scale bar = 75, 40, and 40 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. CORUMSSDECHOSÜNENIEWESDECIES. ode udo a LK c MM um ML m ROI C Nd amet 51 Holotype (USNM 305919): Scale bar — 100, 30, 30, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. OR-143. Note that C. speciosum n. sp. has fewer post-abdominal chambers and extremely inflated costae, compared with C. perfectum n. sp. (Pl. 13, figs. 7, 16) and C. regium n. sp. (Pl. 13, figs. 8, 15). Pseudosaturnyormacarmcá; Kozur and Mostlena s os e eme eter S TRIER CR ale a a o «| Po de 52 Hypotype (Blome coll.): Scale bar = 171, 100, 100, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. 52 PSendosaturmiformuimilam ew: spectes e. rene extus e ueste hte v T RU I RIS TUO E Holotype (USNM 305937): Scale bar = 67 um. Loc. OR-139. Note that P. minuta n. sp. has a larger cephalis and a comparatively small cephalic ring, compared with P. carnica Kozur and Mostler (Pl. 13, figs. 5, 9, 11). | | | | BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY, VOLUME 85 PLATE 13 : 7 Ed FERIU E VIT BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY, VOLUME 85 PLATE 14 UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 79 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 14 All figures are scanning electron micrographs of Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian) Nassellariina from the Rail Cabin Mudstone, eastern Oregon. Figure 3,8, dll, 1 9,12, 14, i8. S 1O13 Page < Pseüdosaturidorma minuta NEW SPECIES mi 7009 olo et 52 Paratype (USNM 305938): Scale bar — 67, 30, and 20 um, respectively. Loc. OR-139. CoSPrügOCUDpsaitürgidaucwasDeclessn uec n dq eiu IU ee ae ee en itia d 53 Holotype (USNM 305939): Scale bar — 86, 30, 30, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. OR-143. Ganesui mi lentuimaneWASPECLCSS o d uu uM c M i del ee LL 53 Holotype (USNM 305941): Scale bar — 60, 30, and 36 um, respectively. Loc. OR-143. CastrúmiperonatuntaneWESPeCLeS i wink itn 1 e e en ee dake seni roi TE id e S eeu 54 Holotype (USNM 305943): Scale bar — 100, 50, 50, 43, and 20 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. Latıum:longulimsmewzspeciesin. re er cer UE Des d uude Ges ox indue dou reste ass tis ead AT RA e 3» Holotype (USNM 305945): Scale bar = 67, 30, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. OR-143. Note that L. longulum n. sp. has a greater number of post-abdominal chambers, which maintain the same width throughout most of the length [compare to L. mundum n. sp. (Pl. 15, figs. 7, 13) and L. paucum n. sp. (Pl. 15, figs. 8, 14)]. 80 Figure 1.70.13, 2, 8, 14. 3, 9815: TO. 4, 10, 17, 18. 5s 1012,19) a BULLETIN 318 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 15 All figures are scanning electron micrographs of Upper Triassic Nassellariina. Page Boinn mundumsmewspecies BS. res LC LS a dud aa c M c irr o IO 55 Holotype (USNM 305947): Scale bar = 75, 40, and 43 um, respectively. Loc. OR-143. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. 55) Latium. pauchinnewspeciesa ih een ee ne durae an eres ctia rd Holotype (USNM 305949): Scale bar = 75, 30, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. OR-148. Note that L. paucum n. sp. has a greater number of pores that are visible laterally, and post-abdominal chambers that increase less rapidly in width, than does L. mundum n. sp. (Pl. 15, figs. 7, 13). Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. Taxtorum.atliense new Species... we cn AER ee ee ee er EE qeu nenne 56 Holotype (USNM 305951): Scale bar = 100, 30, 30, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. QC-24. Note that L. atliense n. sp. has a more elongate horn than does L. hindei n. sp. (Pl. 15, figs. 10, 17, 18). Upper Norian, Middle black limestone member of the Kunga Formation. Parto WING ELEN eS peris as de re ee re ee Oo O 56 Holotype (USNM 305953): Scale bar = 67, 30, 27, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. QC-24. Upper Norian. Middle black limestone member of the Kunga Formation. "TaStOrum- KulenstewiSDecieS- vo doce ec E NUES o ee cee O aj a Si Holotype (USNM 305955): Scale bar = 86, 30, 30, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. QC-24 Note that L. kulensis n. sp. has a more inflated, wider test than do L. atliensis n. sp. (Pl. 15, figs. 9, 15, 16) and L. hindei n. sp. (Pl. 15, figs. 10, 17, 18). Upper Norian. Middle black limestone member of the Kunga Formation. 57 MLaxtorun Species A ie ake ett eee ie ve ee se Dow DS Pq m cer O teach E Hypotype (Blome coll.): Scale bar = 75 um. Loc. QC-24. Upper Norian. Middle black limestone member of the Kunga Formation. | | | | | f BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY, VOLUME 85 PLATE 15 4 E q & EIER FH, y i ee BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY, VOLUME 85 PLATE 16 we AS A ARCO | | | | | UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 81 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 16 All figures are scanning electron micrographs of Upper Triassic (upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian) Nassellariina from the Rail Cabin Mudstone, eastern Oregon. k Figure 17,18, 6, 9, 193 12. 7 Quasipetasus disertus new species... . isse heme 57 Holotype (USNM 305961): Scale bar = 75, 50, 38, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. OR-143. Note that Q. disertus n. sp. has a wider, more bulbous cephalis that lacks a horn, and a more massive thoracic skirt than does Q. insolitus n. sp. (P1. 16, figs. 8, 12). Quasipetasus insolitus new species ca: onnee ee ehem rr 58 Holotype (USNM 305963): Scale bar — 86, 50, and 50 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. . Triassocampe immaturum new species eee oa seein ea S hehehe he ehh ee emere phe 58 Holotype (USNM 305957): Scale bar — 67, 30, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. OR-148. Note that T. immaturum n. sp. has a cephalis that lacks a horn, and more inflated chambers than does 7. proprium n. sp. (Pl. 16, figs. 11, 14). . Triassocampe proprium new species c.i dl4i eee er e rt E e i re nana safa cana na ea na bes 39 Holotype (USNM 305959): Scale bar = 100, 43, and 43 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. Kua irata ON SDE EEE N aise Gt ore rte UU UMEN ne en ee PE 60 Holotype (USNM 305965): Scale bar — 50, 30, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. Note that X. striata n. sp. has more massive costae and well-developed costal extensions than does X. pessagnoi Nakaseko and Nishimura (Pl. 16, figs. 6, 9, 17). Rapha pessagnoi Nakaseko andi Nishimura: cup M LI IL c ser 59 Hypotype (Blome coll.): Scale bar = 60, 30, and 30 um, respectively. Loc. OR-143. 82 BULLETIN 318 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 17 All figures are transmitted light photomicrographs of Upper Triassic Spumellariina and Nasellariina. Figure Page 1. Pseudoheliodiscus sandspitensis new species ....... eese e ee ee ee eee aee pu Paratype (USNM 305888): Scale bar = 171 um. Loc. QC-24. Upper Norian. Middle black limestone member of the Kunga Formation. D. LOPFESTHITETOSECKPRNe me ESPECIA c E MeL M E c cd Li Lt EE e ics t 43 Paratype (USNM 305904): Scale bar = 86 um. Loc. QC-24. Upper Norian. Middle black limestone member of the Kunga Formation. Jo POV ESTATIB ASSOLE Be Oe Rr E A I Re E EE S UTRUM RN RUNS O UE WES GTI FO RR COR UR TRO P CO SOR ee 45 Hypotype (Blome coll.): Scale bar = 100 um. Loc. QC-24. Upper Norian. Middle black limestone member of the Kunga Formation. UA CW aS IC CLE STI. ines oc DUE bos EE t IRA AL EM cueste EROR TR DO CUR TERT 45 Paratype (USNM 305912): Scale bar = 150 um. Loc. OR-39. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. 5. T9 ENCORE WE SPECIES eec O IER SPIDER ro LES URN UN dente Ges eae ee 46 Paratype (USNM 305914): Scale bar = 120 and 86 um, respectively. Loc. OR-39. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. 6% BORODIUNBULDIOWNEDEWERDECIES A c dr t HA Leu RR Mt du Er E RT ios altace 46 Paratype (USNM 305922): Scale bar = 86 um. Loc. OR-39. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. aC ONODIUITE INUCOY CHSCENCW ESD CICS 8. elon. A Ce m der delectu nU E dose or ins ee 48 Paratype (USNM 305928): Scale bar = 120 um. Loc. OR-39. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. BU Purchase NAS DE WASDCGICSE ORC. are ae Ie uc NC e eT a nie uta cese DR S de 49 Paratype (USNM 305930): Scale bar = 100 um. Loc. OR-39. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. Oy PRCHHSHIOHIHONUSOIO SPECIES CO uon TETUER SR co Pd ee eas ea eure REP es DOM aro ded T ie IP LUE US OS 49 Paratype (USNM 305934): Scale bar = 120 um. Loc. OR-39. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. EOE PHROHUS THCHIERTIUS EN MUR EN Ee Ei Nee p duet Due NIU ADU Uaec ERR I E PATI 50 Paratype (USNM 305936): Scale bar = 100 um. Loc. OR-39. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. DEC DPI Dener SPECIES 2 o cue p ELT INC A r dz RE dir CA cia Re de d mA QURE Edda RO NE TIME 3 Paratype (USNM 305916): Scale bar = 86 um. Loc. OR-148. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. 17 Pendosaturnyormi NIU OC WASPEClES E Arne RET I LOU ME AU IS or EO EN E D er HIN E d TEE 52 Paratype (USNM 305938): Scale bar = 67 um. Loc. OR-139. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. 13: CANeSTim TERT mes. DECO E, irk EIL owe HEN ce PR e Pp ebd eiu ed ceo Der eU ERU DR HOA E E Te EE dee E 53 Paratype (USNM 305942): Scale bar = 75 um. Loc. OR-143. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. JE GAGE ATTA NA E Ci AM M da pc EN c d MEL HM RE 54 Paratype (USNM 305944): Scale bar = 120 um. Loc. OR-39. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. E NS A EU A A or. do Can ERU eec UI RV E OP TR UON SPECTRA IE RESPECTE Gay. PR sce RO TL BUR TY LENT 56 Paratype (USNM 305952): Scale bar = 100 um. Loc. QC-24. Upper Norian. Middle black limestone member of the Kunga Formation. to Oumsıperisas serte Den M Uti iade sn Re spice. TIR UN e med elt t RU DUDEN S 57 Paratype (USNM 305962): Scale bar = 100 um. Loc. OR-143. Upper — lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. 17. Q ESAS DELE A unc Mute S ecc NIE MM o uu e M T MS 58 Paratype (USNM 305964): Scale bar = 150 wm. Loc. OR-39. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. ES MDS We We A eO UE M. Se A A Rar ote ang DG dius ee MITE Face C VADE ee POSU NR 60. Paratype (USNM 305966): Scale bar = 75 um. Loc. OR-39. Upper Karnian?; lower to upper middle Norian. Rail Cabin Mudstone. | PLATE 17 BULLETINS OF AMERICAN PALEONTOLOGY, VOLUME 85 UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 83 INDEX Note: Page numbers are in light face, plate numbers are in bold face type; F and B indicate foldouts inside front and back covers, respectively. LOD OLLI PIG RETUUINIESE n ers HUC NN OR 16 Acanthocircus Squinabol, 1903 ........... 12288. 5,15,21-27,F,B CIS IS UES E T quem 5,21,25,F,B OLLI SD ti HER GT isch 5,15,21-23,26,F,B Nereo ut ande Mostlenel 972 PR cer weer 25 HARFISONENSISNESDL en dos. 5,15,21,22,25,26,F,B VOS ONU ONE LU aie bon c tee RNA A E 26 UeSularis Sanab, TIF dona anos ero tee de EE 21 U^ CHO E sas es cuteaveacteisiassstaiees 1.919 5,21,22,24,F,B TOS SRDISD RENTE EE E dir 5,14,21,23,24,F,B LANUS AS EM eer bee, E 5,15,21-23,26,F,B VU EPIL ASO OHIO Ln EEG E irriak tses des Bl 5415,00] :289 EB macoy CHSIS De SDIS PRENNE EU PAR 5,15,21,22,24,F,B OGHOGOCHISISAINS Dices renos eer at DER. 5,21,23,24,F,B Drinevillensis My spira seres densa tras ar nara DAR 5,21,23,24,F,B FOTU AUS RDNS PNR TA IO HS ZUR 5,15,21,24-26,F,B SUVEre ns is Mpio ata tte Di; RM, 5,15,21,23,25,26,F,B SD CENSUS ELES va RN er a e ZUR 5,14,15,21,25,26,F,B triassicussKozumandsMostler, 1972. ret RBS Sp. cf. A. triassicus Kozur and Mostler, 1972 CASTEL PUT Di in ass TRE DEA 5:21522:28126;E; B VERTOS STRIDES POR Nomen ROS DO ee orm 521252608. B UCHUNG POr SNS TURNO REEL ae Espe OILS É uu 5,15,40,F,B TUI IAN een 17,18 AGVINUSH (CE) LIDO GV GUC tac teccsstanctarszaclivessic RA A 17,18 UVERU eng M erate reas 15,36,F,B CO LAN S VENE OCUPA <1) 138 ices estet arta ene Sear ER aN 53 AERA aena retire rn e 14,15,27-29,31,32,37,45,48,51,58 A IM o 18 Southern 11 Maanpe ll MOUNDS cere cerei reme rere te deret TH 13 GO Sane HaloDid Ron Ur LES ARDER CUNG SRL OCIS TEN 13 A MIO SAT o ooo NS AGE Mountain Groupe CREER EA 7-9 IE] ASiGreck Eormations uam 8,9,13,61 Keller Creek hale rasen nennen ee ere ee qe. 9 Ay cocks Gray Wacker enter RR 7-9,13 Murderer’s Creek Graywacke curas oils vs divas Ie en 8,9,13 amumi Cant attim MOTE. en 65.59 5,15,16,39,40,F,B Eallochthonous:tenane ss. cr ERR ak DE anaes RRD NUT) Sea BAVA ANE mern Mb A NR 19 Amphinyndax Foreman, 19792 PIA o 52 UNODEIESAGADNOAOEES en TEE AAN ER 18 anapetes (Gtk) CApnOdOCe ve eee eter ERS 32,33,F,B CAUSE NOGO TE i Ea A nee ine O S 33,F,B anulatuimaGQnoptimis d do ste E, OTERO E EM 49 GIUM GapnodOge e i eee das E 33,34,35,36,F,B CANON CO QL OTIS DATO CE TORE UR TERNERA... ERES 18 Archaeospongoprunum Japonicum Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 ................s- 17 tenue Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 ............... sees 17 FATICLILOS Waagen SOD. iras cie tera ec RENTRER MS 13 Giliense, Laxtorum «eene PULSE ce 5,16,56,57,F,B E A E ME TL 14,27,52,58 Baja aliforniar cs rant. cose. 5,6,14-16,19,27-32,34-37,39-42,52,58 A CODNOdOGE «em RE ae Ae. 33,34,35,F,B batodes, Syringocapsa RATE ER 18,19 Dares CE), SIN BOCA DST aan EE 18 Baunicanner (VIGO) ra A ION 31 DORT GOD Odo Ok. nere T M Lee 4 33,34,F,B Betraccium Pessagno, 1979 nenn. 5,15,16,19,37-40,F,B deweveri Pessagno and Blome, 1980 ..... SE 15,16,37-39,B OINO O SD E eee e e HERE BS 5,15,16,37,38,F,B maclearni Pessagno and Blome, 1980 ....... SETE 16,37-39,B SNL PESSA RAO AI C UTR ALES 153193373938 yakounense Pessagno and Blome, 1980 ..... SUUM 15,16,37-39,B Betraccium (?) incohatum n. SP. .............. BNET. 5,15,37,38,F,B Barace Zone merece iere 5,14-17,19 Betraccium deweveri Subzone ... E q SOLO BIC od) eR is a SRS + O NOS 13 Biome COR Sesser ee 14,15,20,27-37 Bonanza Hormationr ora dence et eee E SOUS 10 5,6,14-16,19,27,28,31,32,35,37-40, 43-45,48,51,54,56,58,59 British Columbia ache Greek Complex" eee REL STE a A 15 @äche Greek GTOUD oe en e i SERE LIU 35,54,58 Queen Charlotte LIANE a LUN 5-7,9,11,13,14,16, 27,38-45,56,57,61 BUD Ad «coco c Cete E MA [i DIXOnEntrançe Fases E tes. ar a RES 7 La ee TE EE 43 KURORES rere R A E NE R E E ET R 37 A 7,10,43,44,57,61 o e MM 7 Langra Island A A A EE E e REN E Louise Island IE O E E en Maude Island MIOTESDyAISTand rt Ae eR IR eee gd Queen Charlotte Lowlands nA poa Lex A Queoni Charlotte Ranges nn RE 7 Richardson Inlet Sangspit? chos SEidepato) lap ee. eis eee ee eH Skidegate Plateau Tyaughton Creek ...... Vancouver Island ... dos BLONDE SUE cett RS UnB te E S CREE Brooks, Melntyre, and Walker (1996) NA T2 Brooksidmnd-vallier EV SR ELEISON MEME 12 BEOWE ando Bay eu (UIT EE MET ORE 6,13,61 browni (?), Canoptum ........... se AT an 5,46,47,48,F,B burnsensis, Acanthocircus EELA 5,21,25,F,B Ebrora nik costo lies TEL ciendo codo 14,16,20,27,28,45 (CORSA LOS, Lco N 14 CAPLIO AM Bn SELL 18,21 Campbellsand>G@larks TIA IE A eae 21 (EAU BOLD eei e EA sites iterates 5,14,53,F,B UR YAA E INERTE VAT: 5,53,F,B Canoptum Pessagno, 1979 ................ 5,15,17-19,46-49, 56,F,B anularım Pessapno: and Poisson; IT I 49 UNAWOVENSO espe e eei ete qus 5,15,46-48,F,B HULE A E oki laces te IRI d ss 5,47,48,F,B TRÜGOVENSETIESDE dea PLE ades a 5,46-48,F,B DOLSONDRESSAENO, Oral I NI TONG 46,47 Canoptum rugosum Pessagno and Poisson, 1979 nee 49 o BZ ssa A ean d. gala 19 Canoptum (I) browni n. SD. una. IE 7 5,46-48,F,B Canoptum triassicum Assemblage ....oooooocccccconccccccnicccnnos 17-19 Cantalum Pessagno, 1979 ................. 5,15,16,39,40,F,B DUE S ene, ES ON ia 5,15,16,39,40,F,B TODOS TAE SDT Renee AN 6 us 5,16,39,40,F,B holdswomnhezPessaguo, 197995. nell. naci 39,40,B Cuyon Mona Complex een ces r IEE TENES 12 Capnodoce DeWever, 1979 5,14-19,32-37,F,B MU DA A IEA A UE 18 sp. aff. C. anapetes DeWever, 1979 ............ dos 32,33, F,B nunnor Blome; LOSS lo ou eese er Pede dioi 33,F,B Gamma Bome, 1983 nennen Ara 33-36,F,B Dötdiensis Blome, 1983 u... en nel 33-35,F,B Uem Blome, 1983. nenn M ssh 33,34, F,B copiosa Blome, 1983 .......... er vod E 33-35,F,B crystallina Pessagno, 1979 ... a A S TA 33,34,B extenta Blome, 1983 .......... E E D EE 33,34,F,B fragilis Bome, 1988. u... 15,33-35,F,B mta Mome, 1983 — 5. nene round cano 15,33-35,F,B orhi llo Blc nn nenn see 33,34,F,B malacn Blome, L983 a... nenn. 15,33,35,F,B mend Pome LIS SS as aerisire court A perir 33-36,F,B nimisenla Blome 1983 ic Ana 33-35,F,B VU TO PESSABIIO; 19 TO sind 33,35,B A e o A anne 18,19 SIS ION E DOM en tacos mel d RU 18 sinuosa Blome, 1983 15,33-35,F,B traversi Pessagno, 1979 2... ee ann Bink: 33-35,F,B TERIS ESPA LOTT nung 19,33,34,36,B ES A A A ac NA RARE voee 18 CUDIHUNDOC LODOS serio cane eco corres al 5,14,16,17 Capnodoce anapetes ZONE «eios terere verre oce ceo opus 17-19 Capnuchosphaera DeWever, 1979 ............... 15-19,27,28,30,F,B colemani Blome, 1983 AA AIN 28,29,F,B deweveri Kozur and Mostler, 1979 ............. Bloat: 15,28, F,B lenticulata Pessagno, 1979... bea 15,16,28,B schenki Blome, 1953 co rca e FOTE 15,28,29,F,B silviesensis Blome, 1983 ........................ ee 15,28,29,F,B smithorum Blome, 1983 ....................... Eure 15,28,29,F,B sockensis Blome, 1983 o 15,28,29,F,B soldierensis Blome, 1983 3 dw. 15,28,29,F,B theoloides DEW ever 1979) nado ana eben es 18,19 OSCE CNET, 19 19 u nn sn 15:18119:27 Capnuchosphaera theoloides (T) Assemblage ................... 17-19 Carlisle and Susgk OA e oii N Eon d) 11 CARICO APSeudoSaturniforma..... etie UNA Tr auus 52,B a DUI qoe LE riesce cere EO buns VS PAS 5,14,54,F,B US RA Ay a ÓN old M asso 5,54,F,B Cimoma A eerte cete capa 14,29,30,F,B concinna Momie; 1983 unse. er 29,30,F,B veometrica Blome, 1983. ..... e secte MT d 15,29,30,F, medita Bome, 1983 nennen NT 15,29,30,F,B Cecrops floridus Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 (ecoute NH ETE E Chichibo Group: a... cochleata (?), Emiluvia colemani, Capnuchosphaera ............. esses CDPIDRULAQISDPIOSDHQDEAS oues eee cete otro eei erbe CHER Y AR FREU concinna, Catoma CONTO UM Berrestunt nennen Vs: sen 5,16,42-45,F,B copioso, Capnodote «esie eee eco terere TRAS Aa 33-35,F,B BULLETIN 318 gorietan LIONE esrar eea UTE 12 E OTUR SEEN ar pe E E odio EEA 5,14,15,50,51,F,B pereon Dramo oth - ad adsit e 13:17 mus: 5,51,F,B VCO IES A ee ES i ie 5:15,51, B IDELON e BD eS o EUIS 13 055 5,50,51,F,B A a 33,34,B Eymoldeauncertae sediS ha dan 53 Dão NCIS DRE AEn obtuse e eO DIMUS. RE 13 dawsoni, RantanellI n ERU OUT 65 aisi 15,16,41,B ANC SONS ME Se 3isn.s 15,31,32,F,B DEN 0) M een 5,14-20,27-29,31-33,36,54 deweveri, Gamhna era Gees lon ar Ae 3 ann 15,28,F,B Dictyomitrella 17,18 DIDO ACASO man 0023.50 daa eee E TUNI 59 IN A RE 6 Dickinsorm and Thayer (1978) nee ren 7-9,12 Dickinson and Vagrass: (1964)9 scene O Syl Dickinson and Vigrass (1965) oeren inter 5,7,9,12,13 ID MOM Onde: LETO Aorere renr rro multicostata Zittel, 1876 sso ets 5») pessagnoi Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 18,59 Devona (ESPE Svea: ea oA ra 18 Diciyomitrella Dewever LOWS nal A annan E 17,18 deweveri Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 ..................... 17,18 sp. A of Yao, Matsuda, and Isozaki, 1980 .................ssee 17 sp. B of Yao, Matsuda, and Isozaki, 1980 ................ 17,18,19 SDEB:OLIDOeWeverd979 ee 54 dilatata (cf), Halobia o -— p LIZ NUS VILO NN c ici MM eM E 13 disertus; QUASDELASUS TA een LO 5,57,58,F,B Wonoftio and Mosterd 978 £1. nee ee 19 CONTRA CA OON EU qc 5,15,21-23,26,F,B ID LEG I UESTRE TS OM 5,18,45 1DAbionnhnnto A 010977 near ne Mtn T 5 Dumitrica, Kozur, and Mostler (1980) ..................... 5,17,18,58 Ehrenberg (1838) o Ehrenberg (1847) .... Ehrenberg (1875) BLUSAS S T Uo ass ee ee 18 CLUDUCUS, SSDONSOSAIUPMINUS NORTE eters 21 Emiluvia (?) cochleata Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 ......... 17 Emiluvia (?) cochleata Assemblage ..................scsseseeeeeeees 17,18 pI Ser URCA 1977A oer Bran Aen ce cc 45 manked oe 18 Eptingium manfredi (?) Zone Eucyrtidium Ehrenberg, 1847 Eucyrtidium (?) sp. A of Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 o.co 53 one E E E a 18 Eucyrtidium ? pessagnoi of Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 ... 19 ELO DERA heres LA at e eom Sent CP RS 28,30,52 PULO Dean CLS A E ee 18 A A CN MN ee duc 33,34, F,B CEI T A NM Auen: 15,31,F,B farawayense, Canoptum ............ sss iN Ar 5,15,46,47,48,F,B DENTES 4T LI O RE len O NE RT TET CC EO TIU 5,15,16,42,43,44,45,F,B COMON WESDE EU eek. UR 5,16,42,43,44,45,F,B MECA SA TESTS Mi out 5,15,42,43,45,F,B laseekense n. SP. ae Gk Perens 5,16,42,43,44,45,F,B loganense DE SD rrea r res Benia 5,16,42,43,44,F,B UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 85 DY CONS CRSP eu ete T BE see. 5,16,42,44,F,B titulense MAS De roces MAG TRUE S 5,15,42,44,F,B DING MPSHHOHSQRI CU E T e 15,16,19,27,B TRA S CR 1950. e. 5,15,48,49,50,F,B EU EXenonum. men 10.17.22. 5,15,45,46,F,B LOTUS TAC ECHO ER 18 Diesel Acanthocıreush We ee 25 ROLETA LOS Re rn 14,52,53 orem ITIN ee ne a TEN 14 I OTe LATIN A Ren ood dec e ONS e TEO So ON 14 Voster Panianellum- Se. Te 15,16,41,42,B AB ee Aes 15,33,34,35,F,B GADDIS GA EN eee E eek teed A 13,16,19 COM CUCA cas KENT 15,29,30,F,B A GLOGS) inset A RR ene 18 ELOUOSUIM ORTI TI ernannten Gas 5,16,39,40,F,B Gorgansium Pessagno and Blome, 1980 ......... 5,15,16,37,40,F,B AR A A OO 6 richardsoni Pessagno and Blome, 1980 silviesense Pessagno and Blome, 1980 sp E of Pessagno and Blome, 19802... a se sp. F of Pessagno and Blome, 1980 ce mess serranas nor porosa ARES ENE CIAS PONE OS ALU AS Ne OR cla lv a EN EN Orao k Formato TOT 8,9,12,13,14,60,61 (TEE tl N NT CERE: 14,28,32,58 Gimndstonei@reek& Melange cal vi eee NITET 6,8 Grindstone-Twelvemile Melange .................. eese 12,61 OTOM OS DE. nen Guembel (1861) Haeckel (1862) Haeckel (1881) Haeckel (1887) Hagiastrum Haeckel, 1881 ROOTA BONNE MO a a es QUSS SUMUS M e E ES cordillerana Smith, 1927 de (iss e ecce Pope tio d hilly e m e e ta 12 RP (NASA ESSO S 12,16 ONNOLASSUINOESTDIINN O2 E a eR ee UU SS 12 ASS ee 13 Halorella Bittner, 1884 Se vA T asd s] AStA SUCCESSION O tne te ee 19 harrisonensis, Acanthocircus .......... à [abt eiae 3:15,21522:235120: B. B hecatense, Ferresium .......... QA E sie 5,15,42,43,45,F,B ERR MEM Se ia 14 Heliosaturnalis Kozur and Mostler, 1972... 27 MENS ied ete pa lee e Kc EE Ote 26 EAN EN HH P Rue EE M T 11 Himavatites columbianus Zone eeen de a eaaa 12 hindei, ROTE a A EE T5 ata 5,15,56,F,B DU EET E E RD e TAONE O 16 O eK pH eer ae IS HO worth and Joncs (L980) e ee, 12 holdsworthi, Cantalum Ren 39,40,B ELO TS GEOP Sy RR 7 ERNE TO ONNA UOA NO oo Soenseonnee: 12 UA A LEERE RER 12 lertomaDeWeyerl979 ctra R 14,15,27,29,30,F,B Pragapua Blome 1983 esque, TU ad Sie 15,30,F,B tetrancistra DeWever, 1979 transyersaBlome; 1989 oa aos ICZN [International Code of Zoological Nomenclature] (1964) 42,45,48,50,53,54,59 immaturum, Triassocampe 164.5 5,58,59,F,B indistinetus O ERACAUIS sec iaa carai 1235. 5,15,49,F,B medie C UN ren enge I 15,29,30,F,B insolitus, Quasipetasus nennen 1617 — 5,15,57,58,F,B mula GODT OC OG e cados 4 15,33,34,35,F,B Interval Zone irregularis, Acanthocircus A SS) mE MU TET Sicily APAE PER Meek den INDE NUM Mino Belt sn ar oe IOO AT ONGEN A o AS NGDOTUGCAC T VOPAT aro Re i Abe et 18 japonicum, Archaeospongoprunum .... Pseudostylosphaera ....... ne E MOSES SO) T ROT ID ee E rs Jones, Silberling, and Hillhouse (1977) Juniper Mountain-Cuddy Mountain Volcanic Arc Terrane .... 12 Justium Blome, 1983 5,14,15,17,37,F,B MOVA OMS a al est E 37,F,B VOUS TUA LON LIES a de eoe MUSE Pi Dis des 15,37,F,B SENE O LUIS MOZO O ee ROT OO ae ES 5,14,17 Karig (1971a) ... Karig (1971b) St A ae Ss A e ee o Kishida and Sugano (1982) ......... A ee tees ities Kleweno and Jeffords (1961) ....... er KOCH ROAD NOG OCG. S ATTI ESTE ¡OMA ais Gatun ea ck end Kossen Bedhes cc inne ince ias Kozur and Mostler (1972) ... Kozur and Mostler (1978) ... ISozur and Moster 1 I Oi Ci esac Bs cand 5,18,28,30,52 Kozurand Moser (1082) center A ISA y ee NS OI 5,15,56,57,F,B Kunga Formation 3510511.12,13,36.61 ibblacksargillite member... Sora codecs prata elias 10,11,13,61 black limestone member ........... s eeeceere 59101113527 ErSyalimestonenmemberscs une ern 9,10,11,13 middle member... 38,39,40,42,43,44,45,56,57 A A cubs E t4 {Eh SNES CATON A nn eat 10,17 aca 5,45,46,F,B [Hoi EUS AGGHUNOGINOUS. nee E ds 5,14,21,23,24,F,B laseekense, Ferresium ................ TO ai 5,16,42,43,44,45,F,B laumarginata; PIENAS uniformes te inunda i 32 VOU IR e I A A A E EOS 5,14,15,54,55,F,B EA ACTOR A T4 sae 5,15,54,55,F,B AUS IO O A E AER 5115,55: EB PAUGU D S enge TS ...3 5,15,55,F,B SE MY aa tle I I SOE E RE A et 5,14,15 86 BULLETIN 318 a BETEN de RE lc 5,15,16,56,57,F,B A A T M A21. VS 5,16,56,57,F,B HACES DRA AE eR TTD IA 5,15,56,F,B UNC OT A. META ONION ES aa 5,15,56,57,F,B IUBE GOODEN DNS PEREAT TIERS. 5,47,48,F,B Tax us, Acanthoeireus Lis Dots 5,15,21,22,23,26,F,B Encarta C apmichosphaera aii teoei ee oree 15,16,28,B TOUR CONECTE S ER Sorte Lp 5,53, F,B TOPIC a OU RR VAR ET. AD. 36,F,B DID LL AS HEN EN DS DNC LO VA SOs oe RU AE EROR e 12316 o ess a e A E Me 42 do lo lo la cR DOE A SV 5,14,15,32,36,F,B lemaan Bome, LIS si aa dire: 36,F,B ao a IN a TAO, oom 36,B vesterensis Blome, 1983 nn n a SP 15,36, F,B loganense, Ferresium ........................ Nous 5,16,42,43,44,F,B longing, T OE e 528. RR 12 8. 5,15,49,50,F,B IOREISDINONE ANA A AAR a dudas 15,31,32,F,B IONES DOS Re Rig (o 6] E Ide eerte oc eat 30 POBRE IU eA VAS 5,15,54,55,F,B Temenmu: TORUS DO 137% 5,15,49,50,F,B Tüpheri AGANINOCHEUS wunsch Los 5415921523) Y DVOUESO ME CIVCSTUTID AED VES ES, Sa 5,16,42,44,F,B WIACOPONSE QUOD nn AA 5,46,47,48,F,B macoyensis, Acanthocircus ................. DEUM 5,15,21,22,24,F,B TRAC UNO OC CE he teens A 15,33,35,F,B manfredi (?), Eptingium REN Eee 18 ob as E een 12 Penida awd Bozak (II BD) as LLLA J as (NÃO an ee 10,11 McCarthy Formation CODO TICO 6a RERUM e EET 12 o A A Lee 19 mehin CUMO a E EIS RR 4 "S 33,34,35,36,F,B a ai de A one eH CETERI I 0127 Merian aud Berthuaume: (1943) Fin nenn ne 12 mexicana, Capnuchosphaera zm E Miler Mounin Melame mens ae DMI CUL O ADHONDEE TE ii LEE RIS BIN CLUS MEINE oh Eau e RED ER EHE A S HUNOENSO ISIQUEDCOWTENTL NS belles Abs ta mens minuta, Pseudosaturniforma TIONIS TOP ODE IAN a A do e dos Aa A mero HESS UTER NOE eere e ces TIER Monotis Bronn; ESSO ss Ls somado 5,11,13,14,16,19,61 SORIANO nennen 13,19 Rodo es CMOTIS Gabb, 1964 ac ana 13,16,19,61 SDT Cle M. SUDCITCHIOTISASADD 196435 SEATTLE 16 BIOOIOP PR AUI a aeree E e EA tees E latus cius (duse) mere Puede ba a PA SRS e rg 17316 Muller, Northcote, and Carlisle (1974) aan 10,13 tro iai RIO! q AA A na 36,B Di IE AS RAI, rove ot Pede e ER 59 THREE SDONSOSALUNNaNS ARENA EIER 18 A A EP sits 1 5,15,55,F,B Nakaseko and Nishimura (1979) ............. 5,6,15,17-19,53,58,59 HAWAI En ISS IE É ON e ee 15,16,18,31,B PNG alr NEE Ie UMANE I Eder ERES 19 (oulBiac Vilis dem depre uA EINER Mit UN UE a 19 LO E A AE E AA V Re rne 907153 VERGE o O A A PER E D e TU F2 NON ATIC AN 2 EA AER N 5,6,11,16,17,19 NOVA INIST OCUP E ee CREE 19 NOVU UST EAR IAA ics eto NR ERI Sree 37,F,B OCHO OE NS TS ACAINNOCITGUS tae ZUR 5,21,23,24,F,B OMAR AO ee Deen con certum 6 hens 14,32 (ODDO c PR. Ce conos leet MON 5,14,15,16 DM en 6,52 ANO RO URDU ERES 8,61 Beaisvalloyaeal oec tectorum e LUN 8 AO A es 6 IBEISDOIS GUI CO A ien rc E 61 18) rio for neon, eee Ser aan tay e E Nn M" 6 O E os 6 (bo 6 (So A A dde een 6 Anal eno ftot 5,22-38,40,42,46-55,58-60 Eastemt ae EIER Ln IR 6,9,12,14-16,28,45-47,51,54,59,60 noO Masi) a ne rd REIS 7,60,61 Bield Creek wer LUN an boat. tem 61 Prenoti Bune t5 can DEO. Ami bee. oe oc 6 Frenchy Butte: Melange®. Ie centi Dade etn 6,8,12 Giant Coleen. nd einen 6 Grady TOR BUNE oe ertet alado pao MA 9 GTA ROE) e Le ds esee t eR AEG 6,12 Ame ABAS es iet. LEDO Lc e PR M 6 «Barney. Co: NOR. BEC an o. À asc alot ooo 6 “Ho lente Grounds, Re. IA Atene dome ee 9,13 lU Ar LACE O UR 6,8,9,22,48,60 OH DER s ODER. A st Oe EPOR 6,8,12 D OIRBIDAS ARI VO To an esser he Na ee 6 A TENE 8 a s. dos ER EAE Uc d ester ar cn teem 61 MalheteNationalkorester odiado wm ore eae 47 IMG COVE CECE nern O: 24,48 VADE ANÃO ELITE CC RAE 6 Morgan MOUDCTIS ET. ee Mount Vernon Ochoco National Forest ... A O PT AN Poison Creek fault ES IA m Silver Creek Silver River E a A ag p URN SUpIES Edic ton dnos. ci c A T OO E Ce c o c enr mM T: OTELO MOURA LO o po opi ER REA TOC NE LN KR MES, CONUS Aine ECN RR ee 5,14,15,48-50,F,B USED ee JOH 5,15,48,49,50,F,B VOR IT N90). e ee i 122555 5,15,49,50,F,B Pachus (2) indistinctus n. Sp. aan 12045» 5,15,49,F,B BACH O A uM t ET UR 7 Paleosaturnalis Donofrio and Mostler, 1979 .................... 18,19 Se Lol Kismida and Sugano, S. 7 0 T D 18 EDIR rur RR IN y A be... 19 BBAIGOZO10 116 terrane an nee. mart Do RI OE ES 7 Pantanellium Pessagno, 1977a ............ 6,740. 15,16,17,18,19, 32,37,41,42,F,B dawsoni Pessagno and Blome, 1980 ........... AE 15,16,41,B fosteri Pessagno and Blome, 1980 .......... ^ au 15,16,41,42,B UPPER TRIASSIC RADIOLARIA: BLOME 87 riedel PESSANO TOVI Ae s e tice tet cartes) coe ra 41 rothwelli Pessagno and Blome, 1980 ......................... 16,41,B SÜlDerlungibessaeno, O 15,16,19,41,B skidegatense Pessagno and Blome, 1980 .................... 16,41,B TO ZEND ESSA STO O e e D Md 16,41,42,B sp: ofPessagno and Blome, 1980 Elm Spi J of Pessagno and Blome, 19805 ee Rantane unes Ue ASILO a RT een Pantanellium silberlingi Subzone .......................0..... Pantanellium sp. B.-Gorgansium sp. A Zone Parasaturnalis Kozur and Mostler, 1972 ............... Barson!Bayzkotmalionee ere e EDO RUSO UCU IN RISQULLLI tere tere NT EM E e IDEN CCUUIMEG@OTHIN tan ET M qs 1317. 2 5,51,F,B peronami CAST E ee HI 5,54,F,B Bessagn oO TINE N een ee 2 Dessdpnos00/9) o cone p IR UE E T 21 TARTEAN STAT A oo TU D e LaS 14,59 Pessagno (19772) ... imm dd a 14,32,41,52 Dessagno (LO EDS S EO ARE EE EE 14,27,32,41,50 Bessapno domo. 5,14-16,18-21,27-32,34-42,46-49,58 Pessagno and Blome (1980)... 5,15,16,20,37-42 Bessagno and Boissons (LOMO) eevee c e E 49 Bessagnorand Whalen (1932) M E TM 13,46,48 pessagnoi, NAAA S e E te tue M o. 18,59 DG) a] Te menores emis ia qe A a eee 16. 15,59,60,F,B pessagnoi (?) UNA cet c OE ULM ae MS 19 DUDEN nA UE Er RN NUR EUR 19 IDIEGIQ M SQUATHOSDHOGLON RR etl OU S 17 Plafkerium abbotti Pessagno, 1979 hindei Pessagno, 1979 AR Lena Sara See dO S NIS SU [BOG ODHISOLNASDIONSSBALNOSUE here RTI 33] Podocapsa Rust, 1885 53 POSON ECAN OPU I E E Aet MI E d e 46,47 RIE DUI CHLOR e a doe 15,30,F,B IDRETOCASIS ASA SC ES teer dE 16,30,31,32,B Pamana SUO CN da ERR RT S 33,35,B prinevillensis, Acanthocircus .................... Din 5,21,23,24,F,B Bro AORAUEIUSENIO]SISONIcS 1902 er ee 12 PRO DNA MT IASSOGANIDON ae 16 5,15,58,59,F,B IBseudoalbalellaAssemblage na S 19 Pseudodictyomitra Pessagno, 1977b ....... esee ere 50 Pseudoheliodiscus Kozur and Mostler, 1972 .... 5,15,16,18,19,F,B Vinohibessdpo m ON e M D 15,16,19,27,B riedeli Kozur and Mostlen 1972 nn 27 A S E ae eee Jos 5,15,16,27,F,B VWejoensissBessdgno; 19709 s o lada 16,27,B Pseudosaturniforma Kozur and Mostler, 1979 .......... 5,15,52,F,B carnica Kozur and Mostler, 1979 ..................... I3 52,B latimarginata Kozur and Mostler, 1979... 52 NUTEN E DA C ANA 13:14;17........ 5,15,52,F,B Pseudostylosphaera Kozur and Mostler, 1982 ...............000..... 17 tenue (Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979) 17 Japonicum (Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979) ..................... 17 Ounsi etas USE Ben S TU I 5,14,15,57,58,F,B USCIS MES eter ee 1617 « 5,57,58,F,B LASOUPUSEING T S IG aA 5,15,57,58,F,B OUatsinorbormnatiOnge mre E there ke eee oe 12 (OUSISIDOSIEHmesiohe o E err MEER AS 10 Rail Cabin Mudstone Cs 5-9, 12-14, 19,22-38,40,42, 46,48-56,58-61 Vez COCUT OEC ore cete es Sot sre 13: 5,15,51,F,B 'RelanusiBessagno and Whalen, 1982 Cd 46,48 RENTED OMe OSS ern nn 5,14,15,32,36,F,B adversumBlome 1983 nn cn D 15,36,F,B Webensorum Blome 1983 2... 5 15,36,F,B Rice OA) ee p x e m een richardsoni, Gorgansium Rare ely QUOTA) ed coo eter m eM. dU UL Riedelsand:Santillipos(l9 74) a 14 riedeli, Pantanellium .......... Pseudoheliodiscus robustum, VUE AV A IA c MEE CE CENT NE Theosyringium .......... rothwelli, Pantanellium .... rotundus, Acanthocircus ... rugosa CIELO Diane et C ee 13 FUZOSUNDE@ANODRUmM eese te ee 49 RUSE ES E ee ose ree M C M 53 SITO ONORS E EUN OL RI 13,19 Salm DOSAMEGT Ops e UNES 17 sandspitensis, Pseudoheliodiscus .............. I 5,15,16,27,F,B Santi politoukOnmrabiOnm na 5 162728; 50315435; 36,39,40,41,42,58 lmestonesnembehe- 5 u A UE DO E 16 lowencherumembers en e oc cu 16 mudstone and Chert member 20. 0 men 19 Sansa, CADA e occur E TL hice M 18,19 SONS CUMLOROT E e Re ae ce 18 Sarla Pessagno, 1979 15,16,18,30,31,32,F,B delientaBlome 1983 es a xu 15,31,32,F,B longispinosa (Kozur and Mostler, 1979) .. 4 ...... 15,31,32,F,B natividadensis Pessagno, 1979 15,16,18,31,B pienasblome T983 0 cu ed. a wes pd ires 31,32, F,B prietoensis Pessagno, 1979 ................. 16,30,31,32,B vetusta Possagno, OQ SL oe 16,31,32,B sp- afk S. vermsta Pessaphio, 1979 202.000 d 32,B vizcainoensis Pessagno, 1979 ....... Sarla (?) externa Blome, 1983 ..... Saturnosphaera pileata Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979... secet. 17 triassica Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 ooo... 17 SC IS MASNOG e ee een a 58 schenki, @apnüchosphaera s nenn Br 15,28,29,F,B “Sedimentary facies or Moore (i949) ne. nr 7 SENO CIPSA MACKE SSL aeae a a, 53 Seve DEVIIS GROUP ee, si UR e a CHE ote ee See 12 Seven Devils Mountains Volcanic Arc Terrane .................... 12 SEATA UD ee tu cuc UE HA I EE 13 Mn M toe ene n 1213.51 Silberling and Tozer 1909) nn 19 SelDerlinen kantanelium en c EL EM 15,16,19,41,B silverensis, Acanthocircus ... SEDE aa 9519521523, 25 26, EB STLVICSC HIS Gis GON ATU coc Senn cola e EE 40,B silviesensis, Capnuchosphaera ................... eee 15,28,29,F, SINUOSA © UPNROQOCE s ecu ae Ay ss 15,33,34,35,F,B Skidegatense, RONtanellium en nee ee 16,41,B inn a ee ee 12,13 smithorum, Capnuchosphaera ................... d o 15,28,29,F,B sockensis, Capnuchosphaera ..................... In 15,28,29,F,B 88 BULLETIN 318 soldierensis, Capnuchosphaera .................. Sos 15,28,29,F,B PERO CIRO DI enserio ar sanear Los E LITE 5,50,51,F,B BUI CUNS; SDOMCOSALUINALIS. un nn rco REIN 21 SB111088:02),,:81ylosphaera... Sao BIBI 18 BICC ANION UOHOLS Sees RA a 13,16,19,61 CND encare MOTOLS: nn RE e 16 Spongosaturnalis Campbell and Clark, 1944 ........... 17418519521 arae se kommanna Mostler, 1979 error dad dae RER multidentatus Kozur and Mostler, 1979 És spiniferus.Catupbell,and Clark, 1944. ........... E Spongosaturnalis multidentatus Zone Spongosaturninus Campbell and Clark, 1944 .... ellipticus Campbell and Clark, 1944 PHATE PU Sys Les rs rre rrr e abd Staurocontium minoense Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 ...... 17 Staurodoras variabilis Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 ...... 17,18 Staurosphaera sp. A of Yao, Matsuda, and Isozaki, 1980 ...... 18 US AL perdendo aire pre nen esperado 16,147. 5v. 5,15,59,60,F,B Stylosphaera (?) compacta Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979... 18 japonica Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979... 18 spinulosa Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979. ......... 5. s 18 supleensis, Acanthocircus ............... Zen 5,14,15,21,25,26,F,B Sumerian BrowECIU0B): 2.2... arneses Pn RR 10513 Syringocapsa Neviani, 1900 ........ I4 2 5,15,18,19,52,53,F,B declina Foreman, 1973 ....... na tp tro 53 batodes DeWever, 1979 ela Da 1979 A O SES 18 A RE rn 53 EA A A IA O Drs 5415,59: I5 B Tokohia and Koike (1982)... erret rire ee s 5 tenue, PAVERACOSVOREODVUTININ ..... eee er epo vicio tears P arte n e do I 1220 pE L A TT Sec EL 17 CONDE ONE Re cms pt A 32 bias A A ERI PON onte eua 12 ger and. Brown (1960) EE ene creen earn i A de ro Y PNIS ath 7,9 theoloidesnGapnuchosphaera. ono deleta br rmn de pee 18,19 Theosyringium robustum Vinassa de Regny, 1900 ................ p» Utense; FOentesIUm scene neue erts 8:3. oo 5,15,42,44,F,B ar O A RA E e PUTO 12,13,19 en DOE sans Deren 16,41,42,B inversi COpHOdOCE wes os. enne Pe s di. 33,34,35,F,B Triactoma longispinosum Kozur and Mostler, 1979 30 sp. Bof Yao, Matsuda, and Isozaki, 1980 18 marvet BETO ed ari verser rre ene per Ira 15,30,F,B triassica, GapRUchosphaerasun aan RE Ton L5,1 8519327 SUT a OCIOS RR trates HESS eo D DET cem 17 ASC CANOPUS ee AA Danes ME At AA a 19 "IONS ALCAN OCU CUS ee naar 26 MASCUS DE). ACATTNOCIICUS vic eeo eet po terea ane teer reete eh e att 25 Triassocampe Dumitrica, Kozur, and Moser OO as mewn tise neve pares 5,15,17,18,19,58,59,F,B deweveri Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 ................. 17,18,58 A VA SD ereaeedto ert Er eer retten rh 16; 5,58,59,F,B HOP TOS Rs nn RA AA Eo Roi 19 NAAA SA E 22 1617... 5,15,58,59,F,B scalaris Dumitrica, Kozur, and Mostler, 1980 ................... 58 Triassocampe deweveri Assemblage ............... een 18 Triassocampe nova Assemblage. aii serao. n rere 110/5065 AL) Trilonche japonica Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 .............. ty Mitipocyclia Wdeckel, 1881... Mata. mes Tones cesar 17,18,30 acythus DeWever, 1979 ... 3891 omoi tete men 17,18 CRT. acythus DeWever, 1979... no atio reme 17,18 Tripocyclia cf. acythus (R) Assemblage ................. ee 17,18 Tropites subbullatus Zone en Tropites welleri Zone .......... turgida, Syringocapsa ...... ve TELA E ONE OP RT AO xe Le DE OSH) GR aida co anne Unama echinatus Assemblages cir eh do O 18 USTLATUS PA GATITILOCIICUS (oreet e eee eed 25 33 5,21,22,25,26,F,B VallieniBrooks sand Thayer (1977) ee one 12 Vara b ISS TOA OTAS accord E 17,18 venustamGapnodo ceo A TENTE UN. RR syd 19,33,34,36,B HATE VETE NS ESE dE 15,36,F,B iVesiem Bonao UI tt ae 8,9,12 BcomMenbone A 6,7,8,9,12 Brisbois Member 2s 6,7,8,9,12,13,14,60,61 AA T OECD UU De ON Ria e PERO 16,31,32,B VETUSTA RS CU CLARA Co A caca SAL SUI: aceite 32,B viejoensis, Pseudoheliodiscus oerion iT 16,27,B VISUAIS @ACANUROCH CUS: RERO RI QUU QUOS AR 5,21,25,26,F,B VEROS ER DM E 18,31,32,B Wade GLS GONE ue IU co 13 Miracle MIDE nern 6,11,12 Masinngtetiml dci DO pd POUR 20 NADA A, HEIRAT USE TRO A S oh 15,36,F,B Western Canada. ues voci ea ro 27 Western. NOntheAMeniCd ooo oe noo DRA EI 5,52 Nip ORUM RE baa «did 53 AOT E aT COTES 5,14,15,42,45,46,F,B MELIA, ie A E 10:17:55: 5,15,45,46,F,B UNA RV ASNO, 1017... 5,45,46,F,B DNA Pd E E motu eu 5,14,15,17,19,59, 60,F,B pessagnoi Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 ................... 00 Oo 16 ...... 15,59,60,F,B SCI A one HR 16,17 5:5 5,15,59,60,F,B IND) AAA ANS Yad, 1982 oean cie i ttd cetro rare DAE 19 VIDAS IAS OZONE: en Re dde doom tos 5,14,15,17 Xiphosphaera sp. B of Yao, Matsuda, and Isozaki, 1980 ........ 18 Nakounzkormatien rar lA hr nennen SET ORATOR. een EA ee RA Ia OO Siva a deci Der es De Yao Matsuda and Isozaki (1980) ............ 3 cris eee s Yao, Matsuoka, and Nakatani (1982) ........... Yeharaia Nakaseko and Nishimura, 1979 Vitel SO er Tore Vcn PR DR CEU ————À ——————— "ds pydix ‘ds ‘u pibus Dydix BINUWIYSIN pu? oxasexew JOUsDssad pudiX “ds mnsouaxy “ds "u umnxajf wunsouax ‘ds u uingap] wnsouax “ds adiupoosspia[ "dsu uuniadoad adwuipoosspiu[ “ds "u wmnanipuaui oduip20sspiA[ ‘ds u ppisuni psdpoo8uig “ds Dj4DS; OUBRSSIF DISNIaA DJADS oußessag sisuao1214d v]4DS ougessog SISUIPDPIANDU p]40S OUBRSSIg SISU2OUIDOZIA DJADS JƏNSOW pu? INZOY DSOUIASISUO] DJADS »uio[g Du42/X2 (i) DDS suio|g PID21J2P DADOS oudessaq DISNIIA "S "jje ‘ds Dj4DS wog vuəjd DjADS ‘ds uinizuay əwojg wms42App UNIZUIY auo|g UN1OB19GIM UNIZUIY "ds snspiadispn() ‘ds ‘u snijosuri snspiadispn() ‘ds "u snjsasip snspiadispn() “ds pusofiuanivsopnasg JopisoJq pu? 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Text-figure 6.—Radiolarian zonation for the Upper Triassic of eastern Oregon, Baja California, and the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Genera arranged alphabetically; species within each genus arranged bio- stratigraphically. = — ne F--—----- F--—=---------- ----- - peras —À rein i Po... i Sige Eig CE f | | Le —À — —— sáÁ— pe een eese — , Wie ama: E |---=— --lļ-------------- E amp AIDS 1 ESET | é e é é é é i 6 i dae eser qr A ho a T ese é i é | Ú ------ ——— - — = -lM G A A e | e le ceci fd 6 i i A - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | | ee ——— es | mer >] | ee | IUE ES | D ——— A ue T e TT — i l-—-----4 — e | e > >> |--m------ ] m -—- nn nn nun. mm--- JR | A - - - i A e |, E E d S EHER, SEL EY v [5 v v E & E 338 SE E He ys y 5 Eg Sun SON SON Sn UN 35 525 335 Sis $25 E cuo & ao 2380 * 30 A JUOZ UnI29D412g 2407 a»opoudp;) UONPBULIO,J UONBULIO,J eguny onjodiH ues ln AGLI COME ugoy Joddn 19M0] 01 ugoy Joddn JIE ugoy o[pprur 1əddn oj 19M0]/¿ uerusey ıaddn Jaddn asseu | 1odd[) PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPTS Bulletins of American Paleontology usually comprises two or more sep- arate monographs in two volumes each year. 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