ORV a Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vou. 70, No. 5—Auveust, 1935. ISSUED SEP 11 1935 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY. No. CVI. 1. Studies in the Bromeliaceae.—VI1. By Lyman B. Suita Missouri BOTANICAU ARDEM hiBRARM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY,—No. CVI STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI By Lyman B. SmirH Received May 9, 1935 Presented March 13, 1935 1. PRELIMINARY RECORDS Srupres during the past year have resulted in the discovery of several novelties and cases of previously unnoted synonymy, which are put on record here preliminary to a revision of the genera involved. In preparing the present paper, I have had the good fortune to receive cooperation from a large number of individuals and institutions as is shown by the following list of exsiccatae citations: the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (G), the Unites States National Museum (US), the New York Botanical Garden (NY), the Brooklyn Botanic Garden (Brooklyn), the Field Museum of Natural History (FM), the Missouri Botanical Garden (Mo), the private herbarium of Prof. L. H. Bailey of Ithaca, New York (Bailey), the University of Michigan (Mich), the University of California (UCal), the Dudley Herbarium of Stanford University (DH), Pomona College (Pom), the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew (K), the British Museum of Natural History (BM), the University of Cambridge (Cam), the Riks Museum at Stockholm (S), the Botanical Museum of Copen- hagen (Ko), the Herbarium of the Botanical Museum at Berlin- Dahlem (B), the Botanical Museum of Munich (Mun), the Rijks Herbarium of Leiden (Ldn), the Muséum National d’Histoire Natur- elle at Paris (P), the National Museum of Prague (Prague), the Conservatory of Botany at Geneva (Gen), the Barbey-Boissier Her- barium (Bo), the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens of Trinidad and Tobago (Trin), the Herbarium of the Botanic Garden of Rio de Janeiro (JB Rio), the National Museum at Rio de Janeiro (MN Rio), the Biological Institute of Sio Paulo (SP), the private herbarium of Don Cornelio Osten of Montevideo, Uruguay (Ost), the National Museum of Natural History of Buenos Aires (BA), the National Museum at Santiago, Chile (Chile). I am particularly indebted to Mr. N. Y. Sandwith, Mr. J. E. Dandy, Prof. H. Harms, Don Cornelio Osten and Dr. Alberto Castel- lanos for critical notes on certain species. 148 SMITH Billbergia decora Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ii. 42, t. 157 (1838). B. boliviensis Bak. Brom. 81 (1889). PERU: Loreto: province of Maynas near Yurimaguas, Poeppig 2432 (Gen, TYPE COLLECTION; phot. G); Yurimaguas, lower Rio Huallaga, alt. 135 m., 1929, Killip & Smith 27646 (G, US, FM); Junin: Pichis Trail, Yapas, alt. 1350-1600 m., 1929, Killip & Smith 25609 (US). BOLIVIA:La Paz: Unduavi, alt. 2600 m., 1885, Rusby 2853 (NY, type of B. boliviensis; phot. G). The type of Billbergia boliviensis closely resembles B. decora in the shape and size of its sepals as well as in other characters, and nothing remains as a basis for separating the two. Canistrum perplexum, spec. nov., floriferum ad 4 dm. altum: foliis rosulatis, patentibus, ad 5 dm. longis; vaginis late ellipticis, ad 15 em. longis, dense minuteque castaneo-lepidotis; laminis lingulatis, 4-5 cm. latis, late rotundatis apiculatisque, minute serrulatis, dissite perobscureque lepidotis: scapo erecto, 4 mm. diametro, dense umbrino- lanato; scapi bracteis late ellipticis, apiculatis, roseis, adpresse lepido- tis, unica prope basin scapi, reliquis cyathidium sub inflorescentiam formantibus; inflorescentia percompacte bipinnatim paniculata, 5 cm. longa, 6-7 em. diametro, dense umbrino-lanata; bracteis primariis late ovatis, mucronatis, integris, quam spicae brevioribus, mem- branaceis, nervatis: spi¢is densissimis, paucifloris; bracteis florigeris primariis similibus sed angustioribus, quam sepala paulo brevioribus: floribus sessilibus, 3 em. longis; sepalis liberis, ellipticis, mucronatis, 19 mm. longis, paulo asymmetricis; petalis lingulatis, obtusis, apicu- latis, 20 mm. longis, caeruleis, a ligulis binis elongatis filamenta involventibus auctis; staminibus petala subaequantibus; ovario ellipsoideo, tubo epigyno 2 mm. longo; placentis loculorum ad apicem - versus lineatim affixis; ovulis obtusis. PI. I, figs. 12-15. BRAZIL: So Pavto: Jardim Botanico, Sao Paulo, 1934, Hoehne 31550 (G, Type; SP); Alto da Serra, alt. 800-900 m., 1929, L. B. Smith 1969 (G). In its coloration and indument this species closely resembles Canistrum roseum, but it is smaller and more slender in habit and th appendages on the petals are connate for their entire length. This STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 149 cellatis, solum fructiferis cognitis; sepalis oblongis, late obtusis, dense lepidotis, ca. 20 mm. longis, ad 10 mm. connatis; petalis staminibusque ignotis. _ Pl. I, fig. 1. ECUADOR: Guayas: Teresita, 3 km. west of Bucay, alt. 270 m., 1923, Hitchcock 20436 (US, rypE; phot. G, NY). This species is most nearly related to G. Scherzeriana Mez from which it differs in its dense brown indument. Hechtia Meziana, spec. nov., florifera ut videtur fere metralis: foliis ad 8 dm. longis, angustissime triangularibus, 3 cm. latis, utrinque dense adpresseque ferrugineo-lepidotis, spinis ad 6 mm. longis armatis, apice longe attenuatis et inermibus: scapo elongato, gracili, ca. 7 mm. diametro, glabro; scapi bracteis parvis, maxime remotis, ex ovato acuminatis, chartaceis, roseis: inflorescentia perlaxe bipinnatim paniculata, 4 dm. longa et 15 cm. diametro, rosea, glaberrima; bracteis primariis eis scapi similibus, quam bases steriles ramorum subduplo brevioribus; ramis gracilibus, laxe florigeris: bracteis florigeris ovatis, acutis, pedicellos aequantibus vel superantibus, membranaceis: flori- bus pedicellis usque ad 3 mm. longe stipitatis, femineis solum cognitis; sepalis late triangulari-ovatis, acutis, 4 mm. longis, chartaceis; petalis ovato-lanceolatis, acutis, 9-10 mm. longis, pulchre roseis; filamentis 4-6 mm. longis, antheris abortivis; ovario glabro, stylo brevissimo. PI. I, figs. 2-3. MEXICO: Cutapas: Rocky banks, ravines near Monserrate, 1925, Purpus 10276 (NY, Typx; phot. G). Hechtia Desmetiana is probably the nearest relative of this species, but differs in having large foliaceous scape-bracts and leaves glabrous above. Hohenbergia Schult. f. As first conceived, Hohenbergia was composed of very diverse elements and it was not until Mez’s treat- ment in the Flora Brasiliensis' that it was made homogeneous by taking H. stellata as typical and excluding the remainder of the species originally proposed. Later treatments bring the number of species to about thirty, but all follow Mez’s definition closely and the limits of Hohenbergia may be considered as reasonably well settled. - On the other hand, the position of Hohenbergia relative to the other members of the Bromelioideae is debatable. Mez and Harms have placed it among the genera characterized by naked petals, although both admit the presence of so-called calli on the petals of H. stellata and certain other species. Apparently their stand is that these structures are essentially simple, amounting to little more than slight 1 Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. iii. pt. 3, 263 (1891). 150 SMITH thickenings of the petal and not comparable with such structures as the nectar-scales in Aechmea. On the contrary these structures of Hohenbergia are among the most complex in the family, and are equaled in development only in Gravisia, Ananas, and possibly some species of Billbergia. The illustration of the petal of H. inermis (PI. I, fig. 4) shows that these “calli” are in reality slenderly infundibuliform nectar-scales with the side next the petal much produced upward and finally free so that the scale often appears double. I have observed this same structure in H. caymanensis, H. penduliflora, and H. Urbaniana. In H. spinu- losa, I have found the scales without the upward prolongation, and in H. eriostachya and H. portoricensis the long ridges but no pockets. This latter type is apparently the one found in H. stellata to judge by illustrations. It seems likely that the basic form of the appendage is that illustrated by H. inermis and that the other two have evolved from it by reduction. Hohenbergia should be placed among the genera of the Bromelioideae with appendaged petals. It is most nearly related to Gravisia which has the identical petal-structure. E. Morren has illustrated this well for Gravisia exsudans in Belgique Horticole, xxix. t. 18, although under the name Hohenbergia exsudans. In fact no distinction remains between the two genera except the form of the pollen. Hohenbergia caymanensis Britton in herb., spec. nov., foliis magnis, ca. 8 cm. latis, apice acumine lato brevique imposito optime rotundatis, margine spinis parvis vix 1 mm. longis praeditis, utrinque — e lepidibus brunneis minutissime puncticulatis: scapo ca. 8 mm. dia- — metro, e lepidibus ferrugineis dense furfuraceo, vaginis lineari-lanceo- — latis lepidotis membranaceis minute serrulatis fere omnino obtecto: inflorescentia sublaxe bipinnata, 4 dm. longa, ubique ferrugineo- lepidota; bracteis primariis eis scapi similibus, infimis spicas axillares bene superantibus: spicis densis, ellipsoideis, 3 em. longis, supremis— breviter, infimis ad 2 em. stipitatis; bracteis florigeris ad 12 mm. longis, e basi triangulari-ovata in setam subaequilongam productis, valde nervatis, supremis sterilibus: floribus ad 14 mm. longis; sepalis liberis, 6 mm. longis, valde asymmetricis, apice in spinam maximam subaequilongam pallidam productis; petalis ex sicco caeruleis, 10 mm. longis, oblongo-lanceolatis, valde acutis, ligulis binis, nectaria profunda angustissime obconica formantibus, apice in vaginam elongatam grosse serratam et cum petalo maxime connatam excurrentibus; staminibus inclusis, seriebus II cum petalis alte connatis; ovulis’ obtusis. PI. I, figs. 5-6. STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—YVI 151 GRAND CAYMAN: 1890-91, J. T. Rothrock 495 (NY, rvpn; phot. G). This species is most nearly related to H. spinulosa Mez but differs in having the spikes stipitate. Hohenbergia negrilensis Britton in herb., spec. nov., e fragmen- tis solum cognita, florifera ut videtur ultra metralis: foliis maximis, crasse coriaceis; laminis ligulatis, 15 cm. latis, apice rotundatis et triangulari-apiculatis, spinis vix 1 mm. longis armatis, supra glabra, subtus dense adpresseque pallido-lepidotis: scapo ca. 7 mm. diametro; scapi bracteis lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis, densissime imbricatis, chartaceis, pallidis: inflorescentia elongato-thyrsoidea, densissime bipinnatim paniculata, ultra 5 dm. longa, 1 dm. diametro; bracteis primariis eis scapi similibus, perelongatis, infimis spicas axillares triplo superantibus, supremis quam spicae subduplo brevioribus; sity omnibus sessilibus, suberectis vel patentibus, cylindricis, ad 6 ¢ longis, ‘2 cm. diametro: bracteis florigeris spinula excepta 2-3 m longis, 5 mm. latis, latissime acutis vel rotundatis, apice spinula ul 4 mm. longa armatis, plus minusve nervatis; floribus fructiferis 9 m longis; petalis staminibusque ignotis; sepalis perasymmetricis, ca. 5 mm. longis, brevi-mucronulatis, opel oe tie ovario ee lato, appresse pallido-lepidotis. Pl. I, figs. JAMAICA: Vicinity of Negril, 1908, Britton & Hollick 2023 (NY, TYPE; phot. G). Owing to the age of the material any indument there may have been on the axes has disappeared. In habit this species resembles H. spinulosa Mez but the floral bracts are much shorter and the mucros of the sepals are very short. Hohenbergia stellata Schult. f. in R. & S. Syst. vii. 1251 (1830). H. oligosphaera (Bak.) Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 124 (1896). Aech- mea oligosphaera Bak. Brom. 48 (1889). PI. I, fig. Hohenbergia oligosphaera has been separated from H. stellata on the basis of having unequal sepals and calli on the petals. An examina- tion of the type of H. stellata in the Munich Herbarium shows that the anterior sepal is distinctly shorter than the two posterior ones, and it has already been noted that living material of the species shows appendages on the petals. Thus no distinction remains between the Mezobromelia, gen. nov., foliis integris: floribus quaquaverse ordinatis, hermaphroditis; sepalis symmetricis; petalis intime con- glutinatis, intus biligulatis; filamentis cum petalis connatis; ovario supero. Mezobromelia bicolor, spec. nov., verisimiliter acaulis, florifera 152 SMITH fere 5 dm. alta: foliis ad 45 cm. longis, utrinque minutissime perob- scureque lepidotis; vaginis ovatis, extus castaneis; laminis ligulatis, acutis, 25 mm. latis: seapo erecto, gracili; scapi bracteis erectis, den- sissime imbricatis, foliaceis sed supremis fulgide rubris: inflorescentia laxe bipinnatim paniculata, 12 cm. longa; axe glabro, sulcato; bracteis primariis latissime ovatis, fulgide rubris, perobscure lepidotis, infimis longe acuminatis, spicas superantibus, supremis apiculatis, quam spicae bene brevioribus: spicis breviter stipitatis, ellipsoideis, com- acte 3-5-floris; rhachi brevi sed distincta; bracteis florigeris oblongo- lanceolatis, late acutis, ad 16 mm. longis, quam sepala brevioribus, ad apicem carinatis, glabris, chartaceis, valde nervatis: floribus sub- sessilibus; sepalis aequaliter subliberis, oblongo-lanceolatis, late acutis, 18 mm. longis, carinatis, glabris, nervatis; petalis lingulatis, obtusis, 20 mm. longis, citrinis (Killip!), a ligulis binis triangularibus alte insertis auctis; staminibus inclusis, stylum subaequantibus, fila- mentis cum petalis alte connatis vel conglutinatis. Pl. I, figs. 10-11. COLOMBIA: Et Vatte: epiphytic, bushy summit of west peak, La Cum- bre, alt. 2100-2400 m., 1922, Killip 11396 (G, TYPE). In this genus the structure of the corolla is exactly like that in Guzmania except that there are scales alternating with the filaments at their point of attachment to the corolla. Through the kindness of Mr. A. L. Delisle in preparing microtome sections of Mezobromelia and of Guzmania monostachia, I have been able to compare the relation of petals in the two in great detail. In neither is the corolla truly gamopetalous, but the petals are so folded 4 and interlocked as to make it seem so even in fresh material (cf. Bot. Mag. t. 5220, fig. 2). In cross-section the edge of one petal appears forked or split and enfolds the filament and the edge of the adjacent petal. It is a great pleasure to dedicate this genus to Dr. Carl Mez, who has done more than any other botanist to clarify the taxonomy of the Bromeliaccae. : Neoregelia bahiana (Ule), comb. nov. Nidularium bahianum Ule, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xlii. 195 (1908). Aregelia bahiana Mez, Engl. Pflanzenr. [Heft 100] iv. fam. 32, 42 (1934). BRAZIL: Sio Pauno: Alto da Serra, 1933, Hoehne 31170 (SP, phot. G). : — species is already known from Minas Geraes as well as from ahia. Neoregelia carcharodon (Bak.), comb. nov. Karatas carchar- odon Bak. Brom. 12 (1889). Nidularium carcharodon E. Morr. ex Bak. 1. ¢. Karatas macracantha Bak. |. odon Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 78 (1896). c.8,nomen. Aregelia carchar-— STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 153 Neoregelia tristis (Beer), comb. nov. Bromelia tristis Beer, Brom. 30 (1857). Nidularium triste Regel, Gartenfl. xv. 356 (1866). Karatas tristis Bak. Brom. 5 (1889). Regelia tristis Lindm. in Ofvers. Akad. Holm. 542 (1890). Aregelia tristis Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 68 (1896). Pitcairnia kniphofioides, spec. nov., caulescens, florifera ad 75 em. alta: foliis dimorphis, alteris e vagina triangulari-ovata setiformi- bus, badiis, margine validissime spinosis, alteris foliaceis, saturate caeruleo-viridibus (Lehmann!), ad 3 dm. longis, subpetiolatis, basi spinosis, laminis late lanceolatis, acuminatis, 4 cm. latis, glabris: scapo erecto, brunneo-floccoso; scapi bracteis supremis ovato-lanceo- latis, acutis, glabris, quam internodia bene brevioribus: inflorescentia simplicissima, dense spicata, 12 cm. longa, glabra: bracteis florigeris ovatis, acutis, 2 cm. vel ultra longis, membranaceis, ante anthesin stricte erectis, dense imbricatis et flores obtegentibus, per anthesin deciduis: floribus per anthesin reflexis, subsessilibus; sepalis lanceola- tis, late acutis, 15 mm. longis, nullo modo carinatis; petalis quam sepala paulo longioribus, caeruleo-albis, nudis; ovario ad 2/3 supero. Pl, I, fig. 18. COLOMBIA: Cauca: terrestrial in damp woods, above Arrayanal on the Rio Ritaralda, alt. 2000 m., 1883, Lehmann 3310 (Bo, TyPE; phot. G). Except for the inflorescence from which this species derives its name, it strongly resembles Pitcairnia nigra. Its petals, however, are naked. Puya lasiopoda, spec. nov., e fragmento inflorescentiae solum cognita, florifera verisimiliter magna: inflorescentia laxe bipinnata, tomentoso-lepidota; bracteis primariis ovatis, minutissime serrulatis, submembranaceis, ex sicco rubris, quam rami axillares bene breviori- bus sed partem sterilem ramorum excedentibus: racemis spiciformi- bus densis, ellipsoideis, ad 10 cm. longis et 5 cm. latis, longe graciliter- que stipitatis; bracteis florigeris eis primariis similibus sed minoribus integrisque, sepala subaequantibus: floribus erectis, pedicellis gra- ciliter obconicis, ad 7 mm. longis; sepalis anguste lanceolatis, 45 mm. longis, apice uncinatis, nullo modo carinatis; petalis angustissime ellipticis, acutis, 6 em. longis, ex sicco atro-violaceis; stylo stamini- busque elongatis, petala subaequantibus vel post anthesin paulo exsertis; ovulis obtusis. PI. I, figs. 16-17. ma Et Bent: Reis, alt. [500 m., 1886, Rusby 2232 (NY, TYPE; phot. G). In the character of its indument and texture of its bracts and Sepals this species closely resembles Puya stenothyrsa (Bak.) Mez, but its sepals are nearly twice as large, the floral bracts are relatively 154 SMITH much narrower, and the spikes are much denser. The axes are much more tomentose than the bracts, making a noticeably sharp contrast. In the size and form of its spikes; floral bracts and sepals it resem- bles P. oxyantha, but unlike that species it has spikes that have long slender stipes. Puya Rusbyi (Bak.) Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 482 (1896); Mez in Engl. Pflanzenr. [Heft 100] iv. fam. 32, 297 (1935). Pitcairnia Rusbyi Bak. Brom. 122 (1889). Puya Kuntzeana Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 490 (1896); Mez in Engl. Pflanzenr. [Heft 100] iv. fam. 32, 308 (1935). BOLIVIA: La Paz: near La Paz, alt. 3300 m., 1885, Rusby 2846 (NY, typ; phot. G); CocHABAMBA: Tunari, alt. 1300 m., 1892, Kuntze (NY, type of Puya Kuntzeana; phot. G). In identifying Puya Kuntzeana with P. Rusbyi, its characteristics, so well defined by Mez, obviate a detailed description of the latter species. P. Rusbyi has been misunderstood heretofore because its original description was drawn from Rusby 2850 as well as from the type. Rusby 2850 is P. alpestris, a native of central Chile. It is labelled as from Bolivia, but as Rusby collected in central Chile in the year that this specimen was gathered, it seems probable that a mixture of labels occurred. Puya sanctae-crucis (Bak.), comb. nov. Pitcairnia sanctae- crucis Bak. Brom. 120 (1889). Puya floccosa E. Morr. sensu Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 478 (1896); Mez in Engl. Pflanzenr. [Heft 100] iv. fam. 32, 294 (1935), quoad plantas bolivianas, non E. Morr. (1889). Pttcairnia robusta Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. vi. 488 (1910). Pl. Il, fig. 1. : BOLIVIA: La Paz: Songo, 1890, Bang 892 (G, NY, FM, Mo, BM, Bo); Apolo, alt. 1600 m., 1902, R. S. Williams 2655 (NY, type of Pitcairnia robusta; phot. G); Santa Cruz: 1847, Castelnau (P, TYPE; phot. G) In Puya sanctae-crucis the indument is deciduous at an early stage, not persistent as in P. floccosa. The flowers are much more distinctly pedicellate in P. sanctae-crucis, and the whole plant is much more like P. Pearcei than it is like P. floccosa. - Quesnelia Lamarckii Bak. Brom, 85 (1889). An examination of the type of this species in the Smithian Herbarium of the Linnean Society shows that it must be reduced to the synonymy of Musa coccinea Andr. Tillandsia (§ Allardtia) Cardenasii, spec. nov., caulescens, flori- fera 20-25 cm. alta: caule ad 1 dm. longo, simplici: foliis erectis vel suberectis, dense polystiche ordinatis, ad 2 dm. longis; vaginis ovatis, ~ 5 mm. longis, glabris, chartaceis; laminis lineari-triangularibus, STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 155 ea seuminatiy, basi 8 mm. latis, dense villoseque cinereo-lepi- et : bracteis | odes internodia superantibus, atro-purpureis, adpresse lepidotis, infimis foliaceo-laminatis: inflorescentia foliis paulo superata, simplicissima, dense 4-7-flora, in circuitu lanceolata, complanata, 5 em. longa, 1 cm. lata; bracteis florigeris eis scapi similibus sed glabris, dense imbricatis, submembranaceis, nullo modo carinatis, ad 27 mm. longis, sepala superantibus: floribus immaturis solum cognitis, brevissime pedicellatis; sepalis liberis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, ad 20 mm. longis, glabris, nervatis; petalis lingulatis, lilacinis (Cardenas!) ; capsulis cylindricis, sey rostratis, bracteas florigeras sub- aequantibus. PI. III, BOLIVIA: iyo heaven wee places, Cerro Macho, alt. 2730 m., 1933, Cardenas 491 PE). ae eae nom. nov. JZ. Fendleri Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 741 (1896), non Griseb. (1865). Tillandsia (§ Platystachys?) lepidosepala, spec. nov., saepe pulvinata, acaulis vel subacaulis: foliis rosulatis, ad 15 cm. longis, dense pruinoseque cinereo-lepidotis; vaginis late ovatis vel subor- bicularibus, nullo modo inflatis, 10-15 mm. longis; laminis erectis vel patentibus, lineari-triangularibus, acuminatis, basi 7 mm. latis, involutis: scapo brevi, foliis fere abscondito; scapi bracteis erectis, foliaceis, densissime imbricatis, inflorescentiam subaequantibus: inflorescentia fructifera solum cognita, simplicissima, dense 2-5- flora, foliis superata; bracteis florigeris lanceolatis, acutis, 20-35 mm. longis, sepala aequantibus vel superantibus, quam internodia 3—4-plo longioribus, submembranaceis, nullo modo carinatis, densissime cinereo-lepidotis: floribus sessilibus; sepalis liberis, lanceolatis, acum- inatis, ad 20 mm. longis, valde nervatis, dense lepidotis, lateralibus carinatis; petalis genitalibusque ignotis: capsulis — breviter rostratis, bracteas florigeras subaequantibus. PI. II, figs. MEXICO: Hipaxco: near bd 1905, Rose, Painter & = 8283 Biitt “ie cng on trees near Lake Cuitzco, 1892, Pringle 3 (G, AS li de Ghotula, alt. 2224 m., 1907, Arsene ie ‘s); Malintze, 1910, isle nae (US). This species has until now been confused with 7. Ehrenbergiana, from which it differs in its Poa acaulescent habit and very densely imbricate foliaceous scape-bra Tillandsia ac opus i Brom. ak (1889). 7. tucumanen- sis Mez in DC. . Phan. ix. 853 (1896). 7. Herzogii Wittm. Mededell. Rijks tag xxix. 89 (1916). 156 SMITH BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: “monte” near Cumbarute, alt. 800 m., 1910, Herzog 1151 (Ldn, type of T. Sh ha Oe B, phot. G); Charagua, alt. 800 m., i Tucuman (K, TYPE; ot. ; Barranca Colorada near Tucuman, 1873, Lorentz & Hieronymus (B, type of T. tucumanensis; phot. G); Quebrada de c Venturi 7759 (G, Mo). Although Tillandsia Reichenbachit is based only on a crude sketch, there seems to be sufficient evidence to establish its identity. The sketch shows a plant with a short stem, polystichous leaves, and large suborbicular petal-blades. This immediately reduces the pos- sibilities in Tucuman, the type locality, to two species, 7. Duratir and one that has been going under the name of T. tucumanensis. T. Duratii has circinnate leaves that are much stouter than those of T. tucumanensis. e sketch of 7. Reichenbachii definitely shows the fine filiform-acuminate leaves of T. tucumanensis which are merely curved and not circinnate. Furthermore, material of so- called 1. tucumanensis gathered in Tucuman, Venturi 7759, shows that plants with compound and simple inflorescences may occur in the same collection. Thus it is evident that 7. Reichenbachii: must include the later 7. tucumanensis. The identity of 7. Herzogi with T. Reichenbachii has been overlooked heretofore because of the scant knowledge of the latter species, and probably also because the types came from different countries. ; 2. SYNOPSIS OF THE TRIBE TILLANDSIEAE. Parr 2. The following installment of the synopsis consists of a revision of those species of Tillandsia which have a simple distichous- or single- flowered inflorescence and caulescent habit. Such a treatment is necessarily somewhat artificial in character, cutting across several of the natural sections of Tillandsia in order to achieve its primary aim of providing a rapid key for fruiting material. Yet about half of these species belong to the sections Phytarrhiza and Diaphoranthema between which the transition is so gradual that they may be con- sidered as presenting a solid block of species. The unrelated elements come from Allardtia, Anoplophytum and Platystachys. It should be understood here that I have changed the typification of Anoplophytum, making its transversely plicate filaments diagnostic, and have reduced the sections Pityrophyllum and Acrobia to Platy- STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 157 stachys and Allardtia respectively. Pityrophyllum is not tenable because the break between a paniculate inflorescence with few- flowered distichous spikes and one of a single polystichous-flowered ‘spike is no stronger here than it is within the sections Allardtia and Anoplophytum. Tillandsia brachycaulos Schdl., for instance, may have either type of inflorescence according to the vigor of its growth, just as may T’. biflora R. & P. of the section Allardtia. Aerobia sup- posedly had more deeply included stamens than Allardtia, but in checking the latter I find that there is every degree of transition from barely included to deeply included stamens. In addition to the natural groupings included, the plants in this revision derive a unity of their own from certain characters corollary to their caulescent habit. In all the species, for example, the leaf- blades are relatively thick and are either linear or narrowly triangular, never lingulate. In most cases they are plants of distinctly xerophytic habitat and have the scales on the leaves strongly developed. The distinction between simple and compound inflorescences is an extremely convenient one in handling fruiting material. In the large majority of cases a given species is limited to one category or the other, being what we might term “obligate-simple” or “ obligate- compound.” In a small proportion of cases, a species while normally of one type may at times be the other, or what may be termed “ facul- tative-simple” or “ facultative-compound.”” In the latter case the species is treated in the part of the synopsis dealing with its normal . state, but is keyed in parenthesis in the part dealing with its faculta- tive state. In citing material certain specimens are cited on the authority of others when it has not been possible for me to examine them personally | and where the species are well marked and generally agreed upon. n such cases the authority and an exclamation mark are enclosed in parenthesis immediately following the specimen. Certain species of this revision are so common that it has been necessary to abridge their bibliography and the citation of their Specimens but in all cases the really significant literature is given and | enough specimens are cited to illustrate the present knowledge of their distribution. Key To Srectes 1. Spikes with flowers distichous or secund, or else the inflorescence A peed to a single flower. - Sepals asymm. Over 10 mm. | S24 9S Soe Se eo Oe eee Oe wt} ‘Conrris. Gray Herp. Ixxxix. 15 (1930). LIBRARY i oF 158 SMITH 2. Sepals s 7 degen or if —— asymmetric, ovate or lanceolate, broadest near the ba 3. inflorensen 06. of a angi spike a reduced to a single flower, co ither terminal or pseudoaxi . Plant saalcoint: oe feat or triangular. Tillandsia in part. os Leaves dae ae 6. pat _ Gears than 15 mm. long: plant not at all sheng J rae eats more than 2 when the scape is present, always concealing Sen greater part of the scape and usually imbric 8. ge iy oe “than 2-flowered, usually 12. Inflorescence scapose: petals blue or fe) eae ere are 1. T. cauligera. 12. iiforemeense sessile: petals = Peru. T. Macbrideana. 11. Floral bracts nearly or quite Bae lab rous aoa ee og ee ee T. Friesit. 10. Lett blades times longer than t as me distinet pent (Cf. pl. ITI, figs. 18, nlloreseence dense: floral bracts nearly quit e as long as the internodes. (See iedea) (Continuation) os "Moral bracts not more than 20 mm. long. pei sg cts ovate or lanceolate, not (or very minutely) 16. ‘oral "icakts evenly convex, not at all carinate. 17. Floral bracts equaling or exceeding the sepals. 18. Sepals glabrous. 19. Floral bracts merely acute: spike linear or lance-linear in outline. (Cf. an es si eters or subpruinose-lepi- ote. 21. Floral bracts ernie faintly nerved. Peru, Ri oe ee 4-7. eae razi 20. Leaves with soft filiform-acuminate apices, tomen- tose-lepidote. 22. Leaves abruptly spreading from the base of the blade, widely spaced. Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, e & paleacea. Leaves strict - —— cig at ads aguay. .19. = arhiza. 19. Floral “bracts acumin: “is fi broadly lanceolate o eolate. (Cf. 8 5). — Be a ‘ergentshas 18. Repel = seer lepidote. Conable, Ecuador. .13. 7’. incarnata. ee ee eee ee ee ee STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 159 ae abe bracts distinctly shorter than the sepals. Base mts ong-caulescent: leaves mostly shorter than the 24 gee abruptly spreading from the base of the blade, widely spaced. Colombia, Peru, sett Nes nigh 18. T. paleacea. 24. Leaves strict and rather dense. Paraguay...... 19. 7’. arhiza. 23. Seat short-caulescent: leaves much es than the 25. pre strongly pruinose- or tomentose-lepidote. razil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.......... (7'. streptocarpa.)! 25. Leaves appressed-lepidote. 26. Leaf-blades wai vk filiform-acuminate, barely if at all circinnate: floral bracts glabrous. Bolivia, Ar- pentina . 02.66 eee (T. Reichenbachit.)' 26. ees blades stout, pungent, strongly circinnate: flor: . Pakgirs tee lepidote. Bolivia, Paraguay, Droguay,: Arpentind<..s, 6. oe eo (T. Duratit.) 16. Floral eng sharply aariase: flowers often viviparous Peomuia, Mousdor, Peru... 25... cic ae cs CF: latifolia. )! 15. Floral bracts saborhiculk ar, ene emis Po the lower ones ulate. Cuba to northern Argentina.......... (T. pulchella.)? 14. Floral bracts distinctly more than 20 air Us : 2 pals den den sely and persistently raison Hi 28. Scape-b ery short. Mexico. . (7. ad see 28. Scape-bracts or at least the sie ones thin sal not a oliac 29. Leaf-blades 10-17 mm. wide, flat except near the apex, a ppr aoe or slightly pruinose-lepidote. Colombia, Eoua- Se ee ee ee i 13. incarnata. 29. oe 3 mm. in diameter, involute, tog enidte ith Ts kore Bi EM eee ae Ehrenbergiana. 27. Sepals glabrou: 30. Floral eabte obtuse and often apiculate, membranaceo SF Gareadonne oo at redagen leaf-sheaths icbortieatar. not at all a iar Mexico and the West Indies = Vene- analn and Golo ee ee ae ee . T. Schiedeana. anate. ai peter bracts all densely and ——. lepidote: sca y obscured by the leaves. Bolivia.......... T’. bolivtensis.) bl. Floral bracts glabrous or the lowest with a few iets ‘de- uous scale 32. Boars Evie c —— as thick as the inflorescence be- cau vi rome. OM sk ee as 6. Werdermannii. 32. Seape icwarts distinctly more slender than the inflor- escence: ipar ous 33. Leaves reflexed-tomentose with very fine elongate scales: leaf-blades only 8 mm. wide at base. Bolivia. ardenasit. 33. Leaves appressed- or coarsely pruinose-lepidote with suborbicular scales Ss rescence normally compound, species to be — in later article. inflorescence typically simple and_polystichous-flowered, but a single — n known, Wilkes Expedition (G), from Brazil, with a reduced simple Shab Booeted Sy toi om 160 SMITH ie bac shorter than the densely — leaves. . Flo racts not over ong: scape always erie ated sepals obtus 36. Leaves with soft Pilon -souesunte apices: whites very short. a Se ees oe T. Geisset. 36. pect with straight pungent or subpungent pet rg poopie: elliptic 38. Flora s prominently nerved: leaves ev nee ate. olivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina........... a. Lorentziana.) 38. Floral bracts even near apex: ally narrowed t petal- ilades tne, mer me ter Uruguay. 9. T. arequitae. 35. pokes bracts up to 70 mm. long: scape usually + and concealed by the leaves: petal-bla ane are suborbicular. Bolivia, wlewers Argen- Co a ee a et to hi ce a T. xiphioides. 34, Stem “nex than the few-ranked sider spaced prontin’ leaves: petal-blades large, —. geht Ole ee aa ce res es . T. diaguitensis. 13. Inflorescence lax: floral bracts much less than twice as long as the internodes 39. Sg large, long-caulescent: sepals ca. mim. lone. Mexico... e704: 16. T. albida. 39. Pht small, short-caulescent: sepals ae: m. long. Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, y, Uruguay, Argentina 24. T. loliacea. 9. Floral Nokes yee flowers spreading at vanthesis, POAAOr. Pet. ous ots ee on T. caerulea. 8. Inflorescence ehiweed, sessile. Veneruel. T. Funckiana. 7. Scape-bracts not more than 2: scape woul te for most of its length. 40. Floral bracts glabrous: stem not over 6 cm. long. 41. Flo jes — cgay are nerved: scape- none. MONA 2... 25. T. erecta. us ap Mati ao ook aes . funebris 40. Flonat gree densely appressed-lepidote: stem up t . long. MGs co. ndicola. 6. Leaves not — — 15 mm at plant resembling a coarse m podiu 42. Scape hesoteate hehoul: inflorescence usually of several flowers. Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, ina T. tricholepis. 42. Seape naked when ah or with 1-2 bracts: inflorescence always 1-flower 43. Floral bract 1-nerv ed: + leaf-sheaths wicwigre Pern, Bolivia; Argentina: ............. T. bryoides. STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 161 43. vend gant several-nerved : leaf-sheaths 4—many- nerve 44. age erect: inflorescence distinctly scapose cases. Argentina........... 29. T. aizoides. 47. Leaf-blades narrowly ‘triangular, mucronate usually well over 2 mm. in diameter. Z — poh ie . recurv Re . Leaves — - 2 cm. long: scape not over 4c 50. Floral banat ‘a sepals prominently ens — bracts ‘dpipsty lepidote. Appeniines tee ee 30. T. angulosa. 50. Boral: eae and sepals nearly or quite ee rie more than scantly >t aay Sak Arpentina45 i 63 eo Lie rectangula. 49. Pesg 2-30 ¢ long: _ often scoeate 51. Floral Pred oe gla bro 52. Floral bracts nhs ‘sepa als even: leaf- blades asia angled. —— 1a MENGE 60 SON oO Goo oe T. funebris. 52. Floral bracts and sepals peel raul nerved: leaf-blades terete. Argentina. 32. T. Castellani. 51. Floral ae Sous lepidote. 53. Leav ir copa web ee a, ried ruguay, entina . T. crocata. 53. Be appressed- or ‘lightly See i . Stem not over 10 em. nee usually shorter than the leaves their e Peru, Bolivia, sibestckr 3. T. Gilliesii. 55. Leaf-blades terete: fn lS distinct, much bro than the blades, enfolding he stem for m ‘equally subfree: sca usually elongate. Bolivia, Uru- guay, Argentina........ . myosura. 56. Sepals much connate posteriorly : rrend . most. Vote are eral 35.7. retorta. 54. Stem 20° ag geome many times longer than the leaves: a connate pos- : teriorly. Argentina........ 36. T. andicola. 162 SMITH 48. Leaves erect: sepals connate posteriorly: scape naked. Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Oh ee 5 ee te es ee 39. T. capillaris. 47. Leaf-blades linear, usually obtuse, not over 2 mm. in diameter. 57. Sepals free or equally short-connate. 58. Floral bracts glabrous or scantly lepidote, at most barely longer than the internodes. Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina. 22. T. bandensis. 58. Floral bracts densely lepidote, twice as long as the internodes or the inflorescence 1- flowered. 59. Sepals lepidote: 2 or 3 scape-bracts immediately below the first floral bract: stem up to 2 dm. long. Peru, Chile. 37. T. Landbeckit. 59. Sepals glabrous, or if lepidote, then only a single scape-bract immediately below the first floral bract. 60. Sepals 12.5 mm. long: petal-blades sub- orbicular, 6.5 mm. broad, blue i i 2a. 2, r Bil . Mallemontii. ong, ti elliptic, pale violet or white. Southern ni ates to Argentina. . .38. T. recurvata. 57. Sepals connate posteriorly: scape without 46. Stem several meters in length, exposed between alternating bunches of leaves. Southern United tates to Argentina and Chile............ 40. T. usneoides. 4. Plant acaulescent: leaves often ligulate.* 3. Inflorescence compound.' 1. Spikes with flowers polystichous.' i Tillandsia (§ Allardtia) cauligera Mez. Plant 45 cm. long: stem simple so far as known, at least 6 dm. long, 5-7 mm. thick: leaves densely polystichous, 21 cm. long, cinereous, densely pruinose- lepidote; sheath 30-45 mm. broad, ovate but merging indistinguish- ably into the blade, half as long as the blade; blades suberect or slightly secund, triangular, acuminate, rigid, apex often uncinate- recurved, margin undulate: scape distinct, terminal, erect, 3-25 cm. long, from shorter than to much exceeding the leaves; its bracts numerous, densely imbricate, striate-nerved, densely lepidote, the median and lower ones foliose and more or less laminate, the uppeT ones acute or apiculate and thinner, often bright red: inflorescence usually simple and distichous, occasionally a small second spike; 1 To be treated in later articles. STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 163 primary bract when present shorter than the spike and resembling the scape-bracts; spike lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, com- planate, 8-9 cm. long, densely 10~14-flowered; rhachis slightly flexuous, strongly 4-angled, glabrous; floral bracts erect, densely imbricate, 3-4 times as long as the internodes, completely concealing the rhachis, ovate, narrowly obtuse, 20-25 mm. long, exceeding the sepals, not at all carinate, uniformly chartaceous, reddish, lepidote on the apex and margins, striate: flowers short-pedicellate; sepals elliptic, broadly acute or obtuse, 18 mm. long, chartaceous, striate, coarsely sparse-lepidote soon becoming glabrous, connate posteriorly for 3 mm.; petals 37 mm. long, blue, drying violet; stamens and style included.—Saxicolous; Peru.—Mez in Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. iii. 42 (1906); Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2, xv a. 119 (1930).—Satvasina; OQUENHUEYCONTOY.—PI. II], fig. 1. h UNIN: be an 2700-3000 m., Weberbauer 2415 (B); Tarma, alt. 3000-3200 m., 1929, Killip & Smith 21803 (G, FM, 8S); Cuzco: Ollantaytambo, alt. 3000 m., , Cook & Gilbert 568; 785 (US); Cuzco, alt. 3000-3600 m., 1923, Herrera (US). 2. Tillandsia (§ Allardtia) Macbrideana L. B. Smith. Plant over 3 dm. long: roots present: stem much branched, also sending out slender stolons with reduced leaves: leaves polystichous, densely imbricate, 3-4 cm. long, densely appressed-lepidote, cinereous; sheath broadly elliptic, 15-20 mm. wide, scarcely distinct from the lade and over half as long; blade triangular, acuminate, recurved near apex: scape lacking: inflorescence terminal, simple and distichous, lanceolate, acute, up to 4 cm. long, 15 mm. broad, 5-10-flowered; rhachis nearly straight, glabrous, suleate, excavated next the flowers; floral bracts erect, imbricate, 3-4 times as long as the internodes but So narrow as to expose most of the rhachis at anthesis, lanceolate, broadly acute or obtuse, 2 cm. long, exceeding the sepals, not at all carinate, closely striate, submembranaceous, at first densely appressed- lepidote, later glabrous, chartaceous, rose: flowers subsessile; sepals wly lanceolate, strongly carinate, glabrous, striate, connate Posteriorly for 5 mm.; petals 25 mm. long, narrowly elliptic, obtuse, €; stamens slightly longer than the style, emerging from the throat of the corolla but shorter than the petals, anthers very narrow, 7 mm. long, filaments straight; ovary 3 mm. long, ovoid: fruit not known, Possibly not developed and the species propagating solely by stolons. ~—Saxicolous; Peru.—L. B. Smith in Contrib. Gray Herb. Ixxxix. 11, t. 2, figs. 1-3 (1930), 164 SMITH PERU: Hvanvco: on eastern face of rock cliffs, Llata, alt. 2100 m., Mac- bride & Featherstone 2258 (FM, Typs; G, coTYPE). The single old and withered inflorescence at hand shows no evidence of capsules, indicating that the species probably reproduces vegeta- — but has not gone so far as 7. Werdermannii in changing the flowe In wie this species I moked the fact that the stamens exceeded the style, and stressed it as indicating some affinity with the section Anoplophytum. Since then I have found that this character is of no value in distinguishing Anoplophytum from Allardtia, and that the really valid distinction of Anoplophytum is its transversely plicate filaments.! 3. Tillandsia (§ Allardtia) Friesii Mez. Plant distinctly caules- cent: stem ca. 15 cm. long, decumbent-ascending: leaves densely polystichous, not at all secund, up to 7 cm. long; sheaths oblong- elliptic, glabrous and enfolding the stem only at the extreme base; blades narrowly triangular, acuminate, 7-9 mm. broad, stiff, compli- cate toward apex, coarsely cinereous-lepidote throughout, subpruinose, sometimes blackish: scape lacking: inflorescence terminal or axillary, simple, dense, not more than 6-flowered, sessile and about equaling the leaves, sublanceolate, complanate, up to 5 cm. long and 1 cm. broad, glabrous throughout; rhachis slightly flexuous, angled; floral bracts erect, imbricate but so narrow as to expose the rhachis, ovate, broadly acute, ca. 17 mm. long, exceeding the sepals, somewhat rigid, even and slightly np aee ecarinate, bright red: flowers subsessile, erect, ca. 20 mm. long; sepals lanceolate, acute, 13 mm. long, charta- ceous, even or faintly nerved, free; petals purple (Fries!), bright red when dry, obtuse, forming a slightly flaring tube; stamens included, shorter than the pistil. —Saxicolous; northern ragpemet —Mez in Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. iii. 37 (1906). Pl. I, fig. 1 ARGENTINA: Saura: Tambo in Quebrada del ae alt. 3000 m., R. E. Fries 828 (8, TypH; phot. G). 4. Tillandsia (§ Allardtia) caulescens Brongn. Plant up to 45 em. long: roots present even in age: stem much branched, up to 30 cm. long: leaves very numerous, densely polystichous, rigid, strict or arching and secund, 10-15 em. long, densely appressed- or subpruinose- lepidote throughout; sheath subtriangular, several times shorter than the blade; blade narrowly triangular, ca. 5 mm. broad at base, acum- inate, involute, pungent, usually with a strong median ridge below: scape distinct to almost none, usually much obscured by the leaves, ‘ L. B. Smith in Ostenia, 360 (1933); Proc. Am. Acad. Ixviii. 149 (1930). Eg, re ee a a PELE TLL TT TET STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 165 terminal, straight or curved; its bracts densely imbricate, the lower ones foliose, the upper ones elliptic, acute or apiculate, nerved, roseate, more or less lepidote: inflorescence always simple and dis- tichous, linear or lance-linear in outline, acute, strongly complanate, up to 14-flowered, 5-7 cm. long, 10-12 mm. wide; rhachis slightly geniculate, strongly 4-angled, glabrous; floral bracts erect, densely imbricate, over 3 times the length of the internodes, but partially exposing the rhachis, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 15-20 mm. long, exceed- ing the sepals, convex, not at all carinate, subcoriaceous, faintly nerved, glabrous, roseate: flowers subsessile, 25 mm. long; sepals lanceolate, acute, 15 mm. long, glabrous, even or faintly nerved, equally subfree or connate posteriorly up to 3 mm.; petals lingulate, white, spreading at anthesis; stamens emerging from the throat of the corolla, shorter than the style; ovary ovoid-pyramidal.—Peru, Bolivia.—Brongn. ex Bak. Brom. 168 (1889); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 811 (1896); F. L. Herrera, Est. Fl. Dep. Cuzco, 76 (1930). PI. II, fig. 4. PERU: Cuzco: near Ollantaitambo, province of Urubamba, alt. 2900 m., 1925, F. L. Herrera 895 (US, G, FM); ay frre C. Gay 1186 sor TYPE; .. Tillandsia (§ Allardtia) dura Bak. Plant 2-4 dm. long: roots present even in age: stem almost always simple, from very short to about 14 cm, long: leaves very numerous, polystichous, strict or somewhat arching and often secund, 15-23 em. long, densely and finely appressed-lepidote throughout, becoming subglabrous above with age, chestnut-brown for the entire length of the sheath and much of the blade, the remainder pale gray-green in the dried material; sheath ovate, scarcely more than 1 cm. long, passing imperceptibly into the blade; blade narrowly triangular, up to 11 mm. broad at base : ez!) but usually much narrower, rigid, subulate-acuminate: sca distinct but usually much obscured by the leaves, terminal, slender, the spike linear, acute, strongly complanate, 14—26-flowered, 7-13 cm. long, 10-14 mm. wide; rhachis slightly geniculate, sulcate, angled, distinctly excavated next the flowers, glabrous; floral bracts erect, strongly imbricate, often 3 times the length of the internodes, but so narrow as partially to expose the rhachis, ovate, acute, apiculate, 166 SMITH 17-20 mm. long, exceeding the sepals, subchartaceous, strongly nerved, densely appressed-lepidote toward apex, grooved at base, rounded or carinate toward apex, straight or slightly incurved: flowers subsessile; sepals free or equally short-connate or at times the posterior ones connate for about half their length, 8-11 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, strongly nerved, glabrous, the posterior ones carinate; petals lingulate, blue, 17 mm. long; stamens included, anthers linear, acute, 5 mm. long, dorsifixed 1/4-3/5 of their length from the base; pistil exceeding the stamens, ovary slenderly ovoid.— Saxicolous and epiphytic; Brazil—Bak. Brom. 168 (1889); Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. iii. pt. 3, 584, t. 108 (1894); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 811 (1896); Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2, xv a. 119 (1930). T. linearis Vell. sensu Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xxx. 221 (1880); It. Sax.-Cob. i. 174 (1883), non Vell. (1825). BRAZIL: Freprrat Disrricr: Rio de Janeiro, Pico da Tijuca, Glaziou 16460 (K, TyPE; phot. G); 1929, L. B. Smith 2126 (G, 8, B); Wawra II, 223 (Mez!); Binot (Mez!); Rio de Janeiro, Serra da Carioca, alt. 460-720 m., 1928, L. B. Smith 1280 (G, FM, US, K, BM); So Pavto: on trees by shore, Sao Vicente, Santos, 1875, Mosén 3716 (S, phot. G); Ribeirao Pires, 1894, Edwall in hb. S. P. 12390 (G, SP); epiphytic in matto, Estacdo Biologica, Alto da Serra, alt. 800-900 m., 1929, L. B. Smith & J. King 1933 (G). In Tillandsia as a rule the character of sepal fusion is a fairly con- stant and reliable one, but in 7. dura it fails to hold. The Edwall specimen, while closely simulating the rest of the material in all other regards, has the posterior sepals fused for about half their length. All other numbers have the sepals nearly or quite free. T. dura seems to be more nearly related to T. caulescens than to any other species. It resembles 7’. caulescens quite closely in habit and dimensions but has the floral bracts densely lepidote instead of glabrous. 6. Tillandsia (§ Allardtia?) Werdermannii Harms. Plant at least 5 dm. long, probably much longer: roots lacking (Werdermann!): stem procumbent, at least 2 dm. long, much branched, some of the branches or axillary shoots apparently breaking away and serving to propagate the species vegetatively: leaves densely polystichous, 15-20 cm. long, densely cinereous-lepidote, subpruinose; sheaths barely dis- cernible, mostly less than 3 cm. long; blades suberect, narrowly triangular, 10-15 mm. broad at base, channeled, involute-subulate, rigid, often somewhat contorted: scape terminal, 20-30 cm. long oF more, ca. 4 mm. thick, glabrous; its bracts erect, numerous, densely imbricate, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 5-8 cm. long, subcoriaceous, nerved, appressed-lepidote: inflorescence simple and distichous, 25 cm. A STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 167 long combined with the scape from which it is difficult to distinguish it in the extremely old material at hand, linear, ca. 2 em. broad; rha- chis flexuous, strongly flattened and angled, glabrous; floral bracts like the scape-bracts but glabrous, ca. 4 cm. long, 3-4 times as long as the internodes, much exceeding the sepals, erect, densely imbricate, completely concealing the rhachis, not at all carinate: flowers very short-pedicellate; sepals free, linear-lanceolate, broadly acute, 22-25 mm. long, glabrous; petals many and stamens and pistil aborted as apparent beginning of viviparous flower.—Terrestrial; Chile—Harms in Notizbl. x. 218 (1928).—PI. III, fig. 4. CHILE: Tacna: above Tacna, alt. 800-1200 m., 1925, Werdermann 717 (B, type; G, Mun, FM, Mo). A single flower found on the Gray specimen is quite evidently infertile, indicating that the species has adapted itself to its environ- ment along the same,lines as has 7’. latifolia in coastal Peru. Werdermann’s informative note made at the time of collection may be translated as follows: “Lying loose on the ground, without roots and with only last year’s or isolated very young and undeveloped inflorescences. Forming large pure stands, so that the masses on the pure sand appear gray from a long distance.” ¢. Tillandsia (§ Allardtia) Cardenasii L. B. Smith (see p. 154). Caulescent, flowering plant 20-25 cm. high: stem up to 1 dm. long, simple: leaves erect or suberect, densely polystichous, up to 2 dm. long; sheaths ovate, 5 mm. long, glabrous, chartaceous; blades linear- triangular, filiform-acuminate, 8 mm. wide at base, densely villous- lepidote with basally produced cinereous scales, involute: scape erect, _ 1 mm. in diameter, glabrous, sulcate; scape-bracts lanceolate, ex- ceeding the internodes, dark purple, appressed-lepidote, the lowest foliaceous-laminate: inflorescence slightly exceeded by the leaves, simple, densely 4—7-flowered, lanceolate in outline, complanate, 5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide; floral bracts like those of the scape but glabrous, densely imbricate, submembranaceous, not at all carinate, up to 27 mm. long, exceeding the sepals: flowers known only in immature or in fruiting condition, subsessile; sepals free, lanceolate, acuminate, up to 20 mm. long, glabrous, nerved; petals lingulate, lilac (Cardenas!) ; stamens about equaling the style, slightly shorter than the petals: capsule cylindric, short-beaked, about equaling the floral bracts. Pl. II, figs. 5-6. BOLIVIA: : Macho, alt. 2730 m., 1933, Girionds 491 oa rocky places, Cerro 8. Tillandsia (§ Allardtia) Geissei Phil. Plant 22-60 cm. high 168 SMITH and probably up to nearly 1 m., acaulescent or very short-caulescent: roots present: stem simple, not over 5 cm. long: leaves polystichous, spreading, 1-3 dm. long, much shorter than the inflorescence, densely appressed-cinereous-lepidote throughout; sheath ovate, many times shorter than the blade and merging imperceptibly with it, the same color as the blade or with a faint brownish tinge; blade narrowly tri- angular, filiform-acuminate, 7-12 mm. broad at base, soft and rela- tively thin, usually twisted toward apex: scape terminal, erect, slender, up to 4 dm. long, equaling or exceeding the leaves, glabrous; its bracts numerous, densely imbricate, densely cinereous-lepidote, the lower foliaceous, the upper lanceolate, apiculate, tinged with red like the floral bracts: inflorescence simple and distichous or unequally bifureate with a lateral spike 12 cm. long; primary bract like the scape-bracts, much shorter than the lateral spike; single or principal spike linear-lanceolate, acute, 8-17 cm. long, 6—14-flowered; rhachis sharply 4-angled, less than 2 mm. thick, slightly flexuous, glabrous; floral bracts erect, imbricate, about 3 times as long as the internodes, concealing the rhachis until after anthesis, lance-ovate, acute, 30-35 mm. long, exceeding the sepals, 12-14 mm. wide, sparsely cinereous- lepidote becoming glabrous with age, not at all carinate, nerved, uniformly chartaceous, brilliantly variegated with red, green and yellow: flowers subsessile; sepals free, lanceolate, obtuse, 25 mm. long, glabrous, thin; petals 30 mm. long, linear with blade scarcely distinct, obtuse, rose-purple; stamens included; ovary slenderly ovoid, stigma short: capsule cylindric, 3-4 em. long—Epiphytic; Chile—R. A. Philippi in Gartenfl. xxxviii. 369, t. 1302, figs. II-IIf (1889); Rev. Hort. lxi. 388 (1889). CHILE: Anroragasta: Dept. Taltal, on stems of Cereus on ridges in upper part of fertile belt, vicinity of Aguada de Miguel Diaz, ca. 24° 35’ 8. lat., 1925, I. M. Johnston 5820 (G); ATacAMA: on Cereus, near Caldera, 1887, W. Geisse (Chile, rypn; phot. G). It is rather surprising to find this species, with its thin flat leaves and apparent preference for epiphytism, in the arid regions of northern Chile, where types like T. Werdermannii are much more to be expected. 9. Tillandsia (§ Allardtia) arequitae André. Flowering plant up to 4 dm. high, often subpulvinate: roots present: stem conspicuous, usually branching several times, decumbent for most of its length, ends of the branches ascending: leaves numerous, erect to recurved, densely polystichous, not at all secund, up to 20 em. long (Mez!) but gener- ally not much more than half that length, densely cinereous-lepidote throughout, pruinose; sheaths indistinct, densely imbricate, making I ee eR ee Ee ER ae ee, ee Te Pe eT a Ee ee Ee ee ae PRE TE ee eT STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 169 the stem appear very stout; blades narrowly triangular, acuminate up to the abruptly acute pungent apex, 15 mm. broad, stout, rigid, keeled below, complicate toward apex: scape erect, conspicuous, Ca. 1 dm. long, usually exceeding the leaves; its bracts densely imbricate, narrowly elliptic, acute, greenish stramineous, at least the lower ones . lepidote: inflorescence always simple, lanceolate, acute, complanate, up to 10 cm. long without the petals, densely 6-12-flowered; rhachis flexuous, 4-angled, narrowly alate, glabrous; floral bracts erect, densely imbricate and concealing the rhachis, 3 times as long as the in- ternodes, narrowly triangular-ovate, acute, 25-40 mm. long, exceeding the sepals, rather thin, glabrous, slightly nerved, greenish with stra- mineous nerveless margins, ecarinate: flowers subsessile; sepals linear- lanceolate, obtuse, 21 mm. long, submembranaceous, glabrous, equal, free; petals ca. 5 cm. long, white, odorless, claw linear, blade spreading, suborbicular, ca. 18 mm. wide, obscurely crenate or entire; stamens elongate, barely included or exserted from the throat of the corolla, shorter than the pistil, anthers linear, 7 mm. long; pistil exserted, ovary prismatic: capsule not known.—Terrestrial and epiphytic; Uruguay.—André ex Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 814 (1896); Herter, Florula Urug. 45 (1930); Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. xv a. 119 (1930). 1. xiphioides var. arequitae André in Rev. Hort. lxv. 156, cum icon. (1893). URUGUAY: Minas: Arechavaleta 2613 bis; Gibert; Tweedie 1120 (Mez!); Cerro de feet 1890, André K 320 (K, typx; G, M). In Osten’s herbarium there is a plant collected in Paraguari, Para- guay, by Rojas, which is very close to this species. However, the petals are blue and the scape very short, and Sr. Osten informs me that the data on the label is not wholly reliable. Consequently I am waiting for more material to appear before noting a range extension for T’. arequitae.or describing the Rojas plant as a novelty. I am much indebted to Sr. Osten for a series of photographs illus- trating this species in general growth and in detail. 10. Tillandsia (§ Allardtia) xiphioides Ker-Gawl. Flowering plant from 15 to over 30 em. high: roots present: stem from very short to 15 em. long, simple or few-branched: leaves numerous, poly- stichous but sometimes almost distichous, erect to spreading, more or less curved or contorted, up to 25 cm. long but often very much shorter, densely cinereous- or ferrugineous-lepidote throughout, pru- inose; sheaths large, densely imbricate, making the stem appear 1-2 em. thick, passing imperceptibly into the blade; blade narrowly triangular, subulate-acuminate, flat and up to 2 cm. wide at base: 170 SMITH scape from practically none to 12 cm. long but always much obscured by the upper leaves, erect; its bracts elliptic-oblong, densely imbricate and completely concealing the scape, thin, the lower ones caudate and lepidote, the upper apiculate and nearly or quite glabrous: inflorescence always simple and distichous, lance-oblong, acute, up to 12 cm. long without the petals, 2-10-flowered ; rhachis up to 3 mm. thick, 4-sided, narrowly alate, flexuous, glabrous; floral bracts densely imbricate, usually several times longer than the internodes, lance-oblong, acute, up to 7 cm. long, much exceeding the sepals, ca. 14 mm. wide, sub- membranaceous, prominently nerved with a broad scarious nerveless margin, glabrous or sometimes the lower ones sparsely lepidote, stramineous or suffused with red or violet, ecarinate: flowers sessile, erect, up to 10 cm. long; sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 42 mm. long, free, glabrous, submembranaceous, prominently nerved; petals white, fragrant, claw linear, blade broadly elliptic, obtuse, spreading, ca. 2 cm. wide, conspicuously crenate-serrate; stamens elongate, barely included or exserted from the throat of the corolla, shorter than the pistil and much shorter than the petals, filaments filiform, straight, anthers linear, 8 mm. long; pistil exserted, style slender, ovary slenderly prismatic: capsule stout, abruptly short- beaked, 3 em. long.—Saxicolous and epiphytic; Bolivia, Uruguay and northern Argentina.—Ker-Gawl. in Bot. Reg. ii. t. 105 (1816); Spreng. Syst. ii. 23 (1825); R. & S. Syst. vii. 1200 (1830); Hook. in Bot. Mag. xcii. t. 5562 (1866); Benth. & Hook. Gen. iii. 670 (1883); Bak. Journ. Bot. xxv. 214 (1887); Brom. 164 (1889); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 813 (1896); Kuntze, Rev. Gen. iii. 304 (1898); Hicken, Chloris Plat. 62 (1910); Memmler in Gartenwelt, xvii. 718 (1913); Hauman & Vanderveken, Phan. L’Arg. i., in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. xxix. 248 (1917); Herter, Florula Urug. 45 (1930); Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2, xv a. 119 (1930); Castellanos, Brom. & Cact.in Physis, x. 90 (1930); Brom. Arg. iii., in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. xxxvi. 375 (1931); iv., in xxvii. 509 (1933). Anoplo- phytum wxiphyoides Beer, Brom. 254 (1857), nomen. Tillandsia macrocnemis Griseb. Symb. Argent. in Goett. Abh. xxiv. 332 (1879); Spegazzini, Fungi Argent. 322 (1899). 7. 2xiphoides E. Morr. eX Wittm. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ii. Abt. 4, 57 (1888). 7. odorata Gill. ex Bak. Journ. Bot. xxv. 214 (1887), in synonymy. 4+ sericea Hort. ex Bak. ibid. 7. suaveolens Lem. ex Bak. ibid. Phyta- — rhiza xiphioides E. Morr. ex Bak. ibid. 7. unca Griseb. sensu Hicken, Physis, i. (1912), non Griseb. (1874). 1. Friesii Mez sensu Castella- — nos, Brom. Arg. iv., in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. xxxvii. 501, t- 1 (1933), non Mez (1906).—F Lor DEL AIRE (Argentina). STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 171 BOLIVIA: Porost: prov. Nor-Chichas, on rocks near San Narieg 1931, Cardenas 93 (G). URUGUAY: San José: on rocks, Sierra de Mahama Larriera (Ost, phot. G). ARGENTINA: Jusvy: Volcan, 1927, Castillon 6613 : } ate odri a p , alt. ae 7820, Venturi 1316 (Ost) ; Sicrs de la Candelaria, dept. Trancas, alt. 950 m., 1924, Venturi 2495a (G); dept. Tafi, Colalao del Valle, i inheowes 7176 (Castellanos! as 7. Friesii e a ATAMARCA: Piedra Bla 108, Soa ners 6612 (Castellanos!); Andalgalé 1915, Jérgensen 6611 (CastallaneeD: 1 1105 eget pag COL —— DEL Est TERO: 1913, Wag eae (Contelbsconty. A Riosa: Los Lian 1805, ay FE fox Carer (Castellanos!) ;§ Biette Ve lasco near La Rioja, Hinonomae hiederlein 9 ez!); San JUAN: 1904, fig roe ymus 912 (US, FM); 423; Kurtz 1153; 4822 (Mez!); 1891, Kuntze NY); Rio Primero, Sierra de C6 rdoba, 1874, Hieronymus ( 1916, cS eortal 1156 (Ost); Los Paredones near Capilla del Monte, Sans Chiea, alt. 1000 m., 1918, Osten 13465 (Ost); 1923, Osten 17114 eh. Sierra Grande, Cerro Aspero, 1922, Castellanos 1204 (Castellanos!) San og Sierra del Morro, 1913, Pastore (Castellanos!); Men : near Men ise 1825, Gillies (G, BM, Cam); 1879, Miers 640 (BM); Casheite, 1913, Samet 276 (Os t). B According to Castellanos all reports of this species from Buenos Aires are based on introduced material. The type can not be located at Kew, the British Museum or Cam- bridge and it seems probable that no specimen was preserved. For- tunately the plate accompanying the original description is unmistak- able. 11. Tillandsia (§ Allardtia) diaguitensis Castellanos. Plant much slenderer and more elongate than either 7’. xiphioides or T. arequitae: stem up to 6 dm. long, 5 mm. in diameter, simple or few- branched: leaves evenly and laxly polystichous along the stem or dis- tichous (Castellanos!), 8-10 cm. long, densely ee eee throughout, furfuraceous; sheaths elliptic, amplexicaul, ca. wide, imbricate, making the stem appear 7-10 mm. thick; ada erect to recurved, snake triangular, acuminate, ca. 6 mm. wide, strongly nerved when dry, channeled along the upper face: scape terminal, conspicuous, up to 8 cm. long; its bracts imbricate and con- cealing it, elliptic, acute, thin, stramineous, strongly nerved, lepidote toward apex: inflorescence always simple, spike lanceolate, acute, 4-9 cm. long, 14 mm. broad, densely 3-6-flowered; rhachis slender, nearly straight, glabrous, strongly sulcate; floral bracts imbricate, o 3 times as long as the internodes, lanceolate, acute, 4-5 cm. jong, much exceeding the sepals, chartaceous and strongly nerved with a Scarious nerveless margin, glabrous, roseate: pedicels 3 mm. long; sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, 32 mm. long, membranaceous, strongly nerved, glabrous, free: petals ca, 7 cm. long, white or bluish, fragrant, L7Z SMITH claws linear, forming a tube well beyond the sepals, blades spathulate, minutely denticulate; stamens 51 mm. long including the 8 mm. long anthers, exserted from the throat of the corolla; pistil 55 mm. long, ovary 7 mm. long, stigma 3-parted: capsule equaling or shorter than the floral bracts. Cami tala! and epiphytic; northwestern Argentina. —Castellanos, Brom. Arg. in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. xxxvi. 55, t. 10 (1929); iv., in ei. 501 (1983). ENTINA: Jusuy: Voledn, 1920, Castillon 7224 (hb. Castellanos, PE); Saya: dept. Bee Carlos, Quebrada de Amblayo, 1927, Schreiter 6585 oa: Tucuman: dept. Tafi, Las Arcas to Tiopunco, 917, Schreiter Ost); Las Areas, 1927, chreiter 5524 (Castellanos!); same, alt. 2000 m., Vent 70 (G); dept. Trancas, Cadillal to Tapia, alt. 700 m., 1920, Ventura 139 Castellanos describes the leaves as distichous but illustrates them as polystichous. In all the material that I have seen so far they are far from distichous also. 12. Tillandsia (§ Anoplophytum) argentina C. H. Wright. Often pulvinate, flowering plant up to 13 cm. high: stem short but usually distinct, simple or few-branched, up to 8 cm. long (Mez!): roots present: leaves densely polystichous, often secund-curved, up to 13 em. long but the lower ones much reduced; sheaths triangular, merging imperceptibly into the blades, thin, at least the lower half glabrous and lustrous; blades erect or suberect, very narrowly tri- angular or linear, abruptly acute, pungent, rigid, channeled above, obtusely carinate below, angular-subulate, 3-6 mm. wide: scape from practically none to 6 cm. long, exceeded by the leaves, erect or ascend- ing, glabrous; its bracts imbricate and concealing it, lanceolate, acuminate, stramineous, chartaceous, strongly nerved, glabrous: inflorescence always simple, broadly lanceolate or oblanceolate, strongly complanate, up to 45 mm. long and 15 mm. wide, 4-7- flowered, glabrous throughout; rhachis nearly straight, strongly 4-angled; floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, up to 25 mm. long, exceeding the sepals, subcoriaceous, even or somewhat nerved, ecar- inate, red, sublustrous: flowers erect, subsessile; sepals narrowly lance-triangular, acuminate, 12-18 mm. long, free, subequal; petals narrow with scarcely distinct suberect to spreading blades, ca. 30 mm. long, obtuse, entire, bright rose-red; stamens ca. 20 mm. long, deeply included, shorter than the pistil, filaments thickened and transversely plicate, anthers linear, 5 mm. long; ovary subprismatic: capsule 20 mm. long, cylindric, beaked.—Saxicolous and epiphytic; northern Argentina. Kew Bull. 60 (1907). 7. unca Griseb. sensu Bak. Journ. Bot. xxv. 234 (1887); Brom. 165 (1889); Mez in DC. Mon. STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 173 Phan. ix. 812 (1896); Kuntze, Rev. Gen. iii. 304 (1898); Hauman & Vanderveken, Phan. L’Arg. i., in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. xxix. 248 (1917); Castellanos, Brom. Arg. i., in Com. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. ii.*144 (1925); Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2, xv a. 119 (1930); Castellanos, Brom. Arg., iv., in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. xxxvii. 508 (1933), non Griseb. (1874).—Pl. II, figs. 5-7. A NA: Jusuy: dept. Ledesma, Sierra de Calilagua, alt. 750 m., 1927, Venturi 5359 (US); Sara: dept. Guachipas, Alemania, alt. 1 m., 1929, Venturi 9978 UCUMAN: dept. Capital, Barranca Colorada, alt. 550 m., 1920, Venturi 993 (Ost, BA); dept. Famailla, Rio Leales, alt. 450 m., 1923, Venturi 2 ; Rio Lules, alt. 4 & , Schreiter 797 in (Ost); Tapia, Cadillal, alt. 500 m., 1918, Schreiter 797 in part (Ost); Tapia, 1920, Venturi 1 ; Cérposa: Cosqui Santa Maria, Sierra de Cé oba, Hieronymus 34 ); Sierra de Cérdoba, Berg ( ) CNY, : h of Cuesta Copina, Sierra Achala de Cérdoba, 1878, Hieronymus (N Y); Desempefiadero to San Ro ue, 1881, Hieronymus (US, q NY, phot. G); Ochoa, Punilla, 1903, Stuckert (K, TYPE; phot. G): Los Pare- dones near Capilla del Monte, Sierra Chica, alt. 1000 m., 1918, Osten 13464 (Ost); Rio Pintos, Sierra Chica, alt. 1000 m., 1918, Osten 13492 (Ost); Carra- qs Baker, Mez, Castellanos and Harms have all considered this species as identical with 7. unca Griseb., but none of them cite the type of T. unca and I have not been able to locate it as yet either. However, there is ample evidence in the original description to prove that true T. unca is nearly related to if not identical with 7. pulchella Hook. Venturi 1315 from Barranca Colorado, Tucuman, combines the characters of 7. argentina and of T. ixioides, which have both been collected from that locality. The hybridizing of 7. argentina with a species of Anoplophytum and its possession of plicate filaments make it seem logical to include it in that section. Such action means that Anoplophytum, like Allardtia and Platystachys, must include both simple distichous and simple polystichous types of inflorescence and must be characterized by the form of its filaments. 13. Tillandsia (§ Anoplophytum) incarnata HBK. Plant at- taining a length of 65 cm. and probably much more (no complete specimens have been seen in herbaria), growing in dense masses (André! ‘Amann!): roots not noted, probably lacking: stem branching, at- taining at least 4 dm.: leaves densely polystichous, 8-18 cm. long, densely cinereous-lepidote, scales appressed or slightly pruinose; sheath ovate, scarcely distinguishable from the blade and several times Shorter, sometimes tinged with brown; blades suberect to spreading, narrowly triangular, filiform-acuminate, 10-17 mm. broad at base, usually involute toward apex: scape terminal, straight or slightly 174 SMITH curving, ca. 2 mm. thick at base, lepidote or glabrous, 1-4 dm. long, much exceeding the leaves; its bracts numerous, densely imbricate, elliptic, chartaceous, densely cinereous-lepidote, roseate, the lower ones with long filiform blades, the upper ones acute or apiculate: inflorescence simple and distichous, lanceolate, acute, 5-9 cm. long, 10-17 mm. wide, complanate, 5-12-flowered, often 1 or 2 sterile flowers at apex; rhachis nearly straight, sharply 4-angled, lepidote; floral bracts erect and imbricate or the lowest slightly divergent, 3-4 times as long as the internodes, elliptic, apiculate, 20-25 mm. long, exceeding the sepals, not at all carinate, chartaceous, densely appressed-lepidote, strongly nerved, roseate: flowers subsessile; sepals elliptic-lanceolate, acute, ca. mm. long, prominently nerved, profusely lepidote, connate posteriorly for about half their length; petals narrowly elliptic, obtuse, 20-25 mm. long, erect or nearly so, rose; stamens distinctly shorter than the petals, filaments dilated above and transversely plicate, anthers 4-5 mm. long, subfiliform, acute, sagittate at base; pistil about equaling the stamens, ovary slenderly ovoid: capsule up to 25 mm. long, subprismatic, abruptly short-beaked, dehiscing to the base—Terrestrial, saxicolous or epi- phytic (André!); Colombia, Ecuador.—Noy. Gen. i. 291 (1816); Spreng. Syst. ii. 24 (1825); R. & S. Syst. vii. 1208 (1830); Dietr. Syn. ii. 1057 (1840); André in Belg. Hort. xxvii. 219 (1877); Wittm. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xi. 64 (1889); Bak. Brom. 170 (1889); André, Brom. André, 77 (1889); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 809 (1896); Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2, xv a. 119 (1930). Platystachys incarnata Beer, Brom. 264 (1857). Tillandsia striata Willd. ex R. & S. Syst. vii. 1209 (1830), in synon. T. brevifolia Bak. in Journ. Bot. xxv. 239 (1887).—PIl. II, figs. 8-10. COLOMBIA: Norre pe Sanranper: Pamplona, Funck & Schlim 1479 (BM); between Mutiscua and Pamplona, alt. 2500 m., 1927, Killip & Smith 19767 (G, US, NY); CunDINAMARCA: between Bogoté and La Mesa, Goudot (Mez!); Facatativa, alt. 2750 m., 1875, André 604 in part (K, ); Salto de Tequendama, alt. 2500 m., 1876, André 604 in part (K, NY); 1925, Schultze 71 (US); Quetame, alt. 100-500 m., 1930, E. P. Arbelaez 4 (US); Bogota, alt. 2 m., B. G. Amértegui 175 (US); NartNo: La Galera Volcano, near Pasto, alt. 3200 m., 1876, André 604 in part (K). ECUADOR: ImpaBuRa: banks of the Rio Chota, alt. 1670 m., 1876, André 604 in part (K, NY); PICHINCHA: s of the Rio Guallabamba, 1802, Humboldt & Bonpland (HBK!); Valley of Turubamba, between Magdalena and Chillogallo, Firmin 265 (US, FM); Leon: Cotopaxi, Wagner ez!); TUNGURAHUA: near Ambato, 1802, Humboldt & Bonpland (HBK!); dry sterile valleys, near Rio- mba, ato, Tacunga, Guallabamba, etc., alt. 1800-2300 m., 1880, Lehmann 147 (US, BM); 147 a (Mez!); Ambato, Pearce (K); same, alt. 2600 m., 1923, Hitchcock 21705 (G, US, NY); Cumporazo: “province of Rio- bamba,” Rimbach 121 (G, US); Azuay: between Ofia and Cuenca, alt. 2700- STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—YVI1 175 3300 m., 1923, Hitchcock 21610 (G, US, NY); Inperinrre: 1855, Couthouy (G); interandine highland, alt. 2800 m., 1932, Rimbach 78 (G). Mez? cites Humboldt & Bonpland 3138 from §, Felipe, yet a photo- graph of this number from Paris and another from Berlin-Dahlem disclose no locality at all on the label. The original description? reads: “Crescit ad fluvium Guallabamba et prope Hambato Quitensium, poe. Sprague’ lists no S. Felipe in Humboldt’s route in Colom- bia, the country where Mez cites it, but Sandwith! lists it in Peru far to the south of the proved range of Tillandsia incarnata. Thus there is every indication that Mez’s citation is due to some misunderstand- ing. It is impossible to tell now to which of the two localities in the original description the type should be assigned. Neither is it evident which of these is represented by the specimen at Paris or by that at Berlin-Dahlem. As shown by Rimbach 121, Tillandsia incarnata has filaments that are dilated and transversely plicate near the apex, and for this reason ‘I consider it a member of the section Anoplophytum in the same way that 7. argentina is. 14. Tillandsia (§ Platystachys) Ehrenbergiana KI. Flowering plant 10-20 em. high: roots present: stem simple or branched, 3-5 em. long, much exceeded by the leaves: leaves densely polystichous, up - to 15 cm. long, densely cinereous-villous with fine scales which are produced basally into long narrowly triangular lobes; sheaths broadly elliptic, distinct from the blades, the lower part membranaceous, glabrous, strongly nerved; blades mostly spreading or reflexed, involute-subulate, filiform-acuminate, 3 mm. in diameter: scape terminal, erect or ascending, less than 1 mm. in diameter, strongly sulcate, glabrous; its bracts imbricate, involute, much exceeding the internodes, lanceolate, acuminate, thin, strongly nerved, roseate, lepidote, the lower laminate: inflorescence always simple, elliptic, terete to strongly complanate, 35 mm. long, 16 mm. wide, densely 3-8-flowered; rhachis slender, nearly straight; floral bracts imbricate and concealing the rhachis, 3 to 4 times as long as the internodes, lanceolate, acute, 26 mm. long (Mez!), much exceeding the sepals, 8 n. wide, membranaceous, strongly nerved, roseate, puberulent- lepidote, the upper half distinctly carinate: flowers subsessile; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, up to 17 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, carinate, * Mez in DC. i :HBK. Nov. Onn, sy 201 (si8). * Kew Bull. 1926. 23 (1926). ‘Kew Bull. 1926. 187 (1088), 176 SMITH membranaceous, strongly nerved, lepidote, subfree; petals tubular- erect, probably yellow (Mez!); stamens and pistil exserted (Mez!), ovary ellipsoid: capsule cylindric, acute, 25 mm. long.—Epiphytic; central Mexico.—KI. ex Bak. Brom. 169 (1889). 7. Ehrenbergit Kl. ex Beer, Brom. 264 (1857), nomen; Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 727 (1896); Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2, xv a. 118 (1930). Platystachys Ehrenbergii Beer, Brom. 264 (1857), nomen.— Pl. III, figs. 7-8. MEXICO: San Luts Poros: hd San Luis Potosi, re 2000-2700 m., 1878, Parry & Palmer 872 (G, US, Mo); a (id aral, te ones 1613 (US); Hrparco (?): Rugla, Ehrenberg 860 (BM oO: Freprerau District: Valley of Mexico City, Schmite 228 (BM); ere: Christy (Mez !). T. Ehrenbergiana is the first name for this species to be accompanied by a description and so must stand. 15. Tillandsia (§ Platystachys) Schiedeana Steud. Flowering plant up to 4 dm. long, but usually not much more than 2 dm., often pulvinate: roots present: stem 5-20 em. long, simple or few-branched: leaves polystichous, varying greatly in density, up to 25 em. long, densely cinereous- or ferrugineous-lepidote, scales appressed near apex of leaf, pruinose below; sheaths suborbicular, large, densely imbricate and making the stem appear very stout, at least the margin hyaline, glabrous only where covered; blades very narrowly triangular, filiform-acuminate, involute-subulate: scape terminal, erect, shorter than the leaves; its bracts imbricate and concealing it, the lower foliaceous, the upper thinner and usually roseate but usually with a distinct filiform lamina also: inflorescence always simple, distichous or sometimes polystichous at base (Mez!), lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, terete, up to 7 cm. long and 8 mm. in diameter but often less than half as large, densely few-flowered; rhachis nearly straight, slender, strongly sulcate, glabrous; floral bracts densely imbricate and wholly concealing the rhachis, 2-3 times as long as the internodes, elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse or the basal ones minutely apiculate, ca. 30 mm. long and 10 mm. wide, much exceeding the sepals, membrana- ceous, roseate, strongly nerved, the lower ones appressed-lepidote, the upper ones often glabrous: flowers sessile, up to 46 mm. long; sepals lanceolate, acute, up to 20 mm. long, subcoriaceous, glabrous, even or few-nerved, the posterior ones usually much connate; petals tubu- lar-erect, yellow; stamens and pistil exserted, ovary ellipsoid: capsule cylindric, up to 45 mm. long.—Epiphytic; Mexico and the West Indies to Colombia and Venezuela.—Nomencl. ed. 2, ii. 688 (1841). 1’. vestita Ch. & Schdl. in Linnaea, vi. 52 (1831), non Willd. (1830), STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 177 nec Benth.; Schdl. in Linnaea, xviii. 423 (1844); Hemsley, Biol. Centr.- Am. ili. 323 (1884); Bak. in Journ. Bot. xxv. 238 (1887); Brom. 170 (1889); Millspaugh, Field Mus. Pub. i. 12 (1895); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 728 (1896); Standley & Calderon, Lista Prelim. Pl. El Salva- dor, 47 (1925); Standley, Field Mus. Pub. iii, 222 (1930); Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2, xv a. 118 (1930). 7. flavescens Mart. & Gal. in Bull. Acad. Brux. x. pt. 2, 118 (1843). 7. caerulea HBK. sensu Griseb. in Goett. Nachr. 14 (1865), non HBK. 7. Grisebachii Bak. in Journ. Bot. xxv. 305 (1887); Brom. 188 (1889). T. Eggersii Bak. Brom. 170 (1889).—XrEn (Yucatan); GaLuTo; Cutviro (Salvador).—PI. III, fig. 9. OTOSI: near Rascon, 1905, Palmer 684 (US); StNALOA: near Labradas, 1925, Ferris & ia 5121 'A (DH) UEBL y oO Necaxae near Huauchinango, alt. 1100 m., 1932, Fréderstrém & Hultén 826 (S); Moretos: near Cuernavaca, alt. 1600 m., 1898, Pringle 6860 (G, US, FM, Mo, 8, BM); Oaxaca: Totolapa to San Carlos, alt. 1000-1200 m., 1895, Nelson 2544 (G, US); below Jayacatlan, alt. 1100 m., 1895, L. C. Smith 550 (G); Tasasco: Tenosique, alt. 60 m., 1892, “akon 8014 (G); CAMPECHE: : Johnson uxpefia, 1932, Lundell 1383 (FM); Yucatan: Jo 84 (Mez!); Gaumer 24422 (G, FM); Merida, 1864, Scholt 161 (B - Iza 85, Gaumer 427 (G, FM, Mo, US); 1906, Greenman 402 (G, FM); Silam, 1885, Gaumer 664 (G, US, FM, Mo); Qurntana Roo: Chichankanab, Gaumer 1767 (G, US, FM, Mo, DH, 8, BM, BA); 1914 (G, US, FM, Mo, 8). BRITISH HONDU. : Toledo, 1907, Peck 944 (G); El Cayo, 1931, Bartlett 12906 (G); 1933, Chanek 115 (G); Rio Grande, 1933, Schipp S 455 (G, FM). Peren: Ti 651 (G); Vaxactun, 1931, Bartlett 12287 (G): La Libertad, 1933, Lundell 2517, 2534 (G); 2592, 3929 (Mich); IzapaL: near Quirigua, alt. 75-225 m., 1922,’ Standley 24218 (G, US, Mo, 8); 24476 (G, ih 24606 (G, US, FM, Mo); Zacapa: Gualan, alt. 130 m., 1905, Deam 211 Seite | 908, 7867 (FM); AmatiTLAN: Pacaya, 1890, J. D. Smith 1958 (G, US); Moran, alt. 1205 m., Kellerman 4898 (US). SALVADOR: Sanva ANA: near Santa Ana alt. 655-900 m., 1922, Standley 20411 (G, US); Anuacnapdn: Sierra de Apaneca near Finca Colima, 1922, Standley 20210 (G, US, 8S); SonsonaTE: hear Izalco, 1922, Standley 22179 (G, US); near Sonsonate, alt. 220-300 m 2 US); : , Tonacatepeque, 1 ‘alder 217 (US); near San Salvador, m., 1922, Standley 22673 (G, US); : 3, Calderon 1506 (US). HONDURAS: Convex: Lake oa ni os at uncker 4901 (FM). NICARAGUA: Rothschu. ez!); (G, US); Cumvanpeca: Realejo, 1903, C. F. Baker 2086 (G, US, Mo, 8); 178 SMITH Manacua: southwest slopes of Santiago ahaa near Masaya, alt. 300-480 m., 1923, Maxon 7673 (US); near Managua, 1932, Garnier at (US); 781 SS a Us). C ICA: Oersied (Mez!); ALAJUE El alt Be 1924, Standley 39997, 40075, 40078 (US); San Jos#: La Verbena nea lita, alt. 1 0 m., _ Tonduz 8953 (US, ays 1924, Standley 32229 ; Las Pavas, alt. 107 , 1924, Standley 36108 (US : Carraco: Finea Las a 8, alt. $2 “1300'm 1925, Standley 41527 (US); are alt 145 909, Biolley 17364 (US); ‘lower Rio Turrialba, 1925, Stork 2450 (FM). 10: near Sumidero, hafer 13. , FM); Santa L Mountains, 1910, Britton, Earle & Wilson 4840 (G, US); ord phael, alt. 350 m., i308, pois, 0 (G, US); Dept l’Artibonite, near Gros , alt. 235 m., 1926, Leonard 10017 b (US); near t. Nicolas, 1929, Leonard 13306 (US). SAN D O: 463 (Mo); Picarda 180 ( !) s de San Rafael, 1887, Eggers 1806 (KX, type of 7. Eggersii; é : na, Duvergé, 1911, Fuertes 894 (G, US BM); Azua, 1913, Rose, Fitch & Russell 3893 (US); Prov. Monte pe Dist. Moncion, 1929, Valeur 148 a0 FM, Mo, 8); same, As 300-400 m., 1931, Valeur 794 (US, 8). VENEZUELA: near Biscaina, alt. 1000 m., Pendise 1633 K, type of 7. Grisebachii); ARacuA: Maraca y, Vogl 1075 (Mun); Merrpa: San Juan to El Vegon, 1928, Pittier 12852 (US, Mo, Mun). COLOMBIA: Macpa.ena: Santa Marta, alt. 260 m , 1898-9, H. H. Smith 2348 (G). After being in constant use hike over one hundred years, Tillandsia otha has to be replaced by T. Schiedeana because of an earlier “46, Tillandsia SF Platystachys) albida Mez & Purpus. Flower- ing plant up to dm. high: stem elongate, much branched: baie densely ee ee 12 cm. long, densely pale cinereous- lepidote; sheaths merging imperceptibly into the blades; blades sub- erect to squarrose, narrowly triangular, long-acuminate, channeled above but not convolute: scape terminal, erect, short but exceeding the leaves; its bracts densely imbricate, bright red, white-lepidote: inflorescence 13 cm. long, 3 em. wide, laxly 6-flowered; rhachis undu- late, angled, glabrous, bright red; floral bracts erect, not at all imbri- cate nor concealing the rhachis, elliptic, obtuse, up to 21 mm. long, coriaceous, nearly or quite even with a hyaline margin, ecarinate, especially the lower ones appressed-lepidote: flowers erect, with short stout sense 37 mm. long without the genitalia; sepals obtuse, 20. mm. long, coriaceous, glabrous, even, pale green; petals greenish white, shies tubular-erect; stamens and pistil 5 mm. longer than ~ the petals.—Central Mexico.—Mez & Purpus in Fedde Rep. Spec. | Nov. xiv. 248 (1916). MEXICO: Himatco: near Ixmiquilpan, Purpus (hb. Mez, TYPE). The material was originally received at Darmstadt and cultivated there, then sent to Kénigsberg where Mez studied it. STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 179 Maury 5748 from Cafiadade Meztitlan, Hidalgo, Mexico, (FM, G), has nearly the same habit as this species, but its inflorescence is so imperfect that it can not be identified with certainty unless compared with the type, which I have not examined. 17. Tillandsia (§ Platystachys) Funckiana Bak. Plant up to 3 dm. long, pulvinate: roots present: stem branching, 2-3 mm. in diameter: leaves very densely polystichous, scarcely more than 5 cm. long, densely lepidote throughout with appressed cinereous or brown- ish scales; sheaths distinct, triangular-ovate, ca. 5 mm. long; blades erect to recurved, linear, 1-2 mm. broad at base, filiform-acuminate, strongly keeled below: scape none: inflorescence terminal, consisting of a single flower or rarely two; floral bract lance-oblong, acute, mem- branaceous, 1-nerved, glabrous, not more than half as long as the sepals: sepals elliptic-ovate, obtuse, ca. 15 mm. long, chartaceous, even, glabrous, free; petals tubular-erect, up to 44 mm. long, red: stamens and pistil exserted.—Terrestrial and epiphytic; Venezuela. —Bak. Brom. 196 (1889); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 730 (1896); R. ae in Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. Beiheft, xliii. 189 (1927).—Pl. IV, ei. VENEZUELA: Merma: Laderas de San Pablo near Merida, alt. 500-700 m., Funck & Schlim 1258 (BM, TYPE; Bo, Gen, P, Leningrad); El Morro, alt. 1750 m., 1911, Jahn 78 (US); Laderas de San Pablo, Rio Chama, alt. 600 m., 1922, Jahn 1088 (G, US, NY); between Estanques and Puente Real, San Juan to El Vegon, alt. 400-1100 m., 1928, Pittier 12846 (US, NY). _ Baker described the inflorescence as 2-3-flowered, while actually It is 1- or very rarely 2-flowered. This discrepancy is probably due to his drawing his description partly from Anoplophytum brachypo- dium which he included as nearly allied. Neither does there seem to be any evidence of the large size of the floral bract, 47 mm., as re- corded by Mez. Mr. Dandy in a recent letter confirms my opinion that there is no such large bract to be found on the type at the British Museum. 18. Tillandsia (§ Phytarrhiza) paleacea Presl. Flowering plant 1-7 dm. long: roots present at least in the early stages of devel- ®pment: stem up to 35 em. long and probably much more, much branched, appearing stout because of the leaf-sheaths: leaves poly- stichous in relatively few rows and rather widely spaced so that the blade and the upper half of the sheath are clearly visible, cinereous, often becoming fuscous with age, densely tomentose-lepidote; sheaths large, broadly ovate or elliptic, glabrous except on the upper half out- side; blades abruptly spreading, irregularly contorted in most cases, narrowly triangular, 4—6 mm. broad at base, involute-subulate, up to 180 SMITH 12 cm. long: scape slender, erect, from very short to over 15 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so; its bracts mostly equaling or exceeding the internodes, narrowly elliptic, apiculate, lepidote, the lower ones filiform-laminate: i always simple and distichous, narrowly lanceolate, acute, complanate, up to 5 cm. long, densely 1—12-flowered; rhachis strongly angled, glabrous, practically straight or slightly geniculate; floral bracts imbricate, about 3 times as long as the inter- nodes, ovate or elliptic, 12-17 mm. long, varying from slightly longer to slightly shorter than the sepals, not at all carinate, prominently nerved, more or less lepidote when young, becoming glabrous with age: flowers subsessile; sepals lanceolate, 10-17 mm. long, free, glabrous; petals with narrow claw and large suborbicular spreading blue or violet blade; stamens deeply included, exceeding the pistil: capsule cylindric, ca. 2 em. long.—Presl, Rel. Haenke. i. 125 (1827); . & S. Syst. vii. 1203 (1830); Gay, Fl. Chil. vi. 16 (1853); Phil. An. Unis. Chile, lix. 323 (1881), Cat. Pl. Chil. 279 (1881); Bak. Journ. Bot. xxv. 279 (1887); Brom. 166 (1889); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 884 (1896); L. B. Smith, Contrib. Gray Herb. civ. 81, t. 2 (1934). T. fusca Bak. in Journ. Bot. xvi. 240 (1878); xxv. 213 (1887); Brom. 161 (1889); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 727 (1896). 7. scalarifolia Bak. in Journ. Bot. xxv. 235 (1887); Brom. 165 (1889); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 857 (1896); Mez ex Bruns in Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg, viii. 41 (1929); Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2, xv a. 120 (1930); F. L. Herrera, Est. Fl. Dep. Cuzco, 78 (1930). T. Schenckiana Wittm. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xi. 63 (1889); Bak. Brom. 165 (1889). T. chilensis Bak. Brom. 166 (1889); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 857 (1896). 7. lanata Mez in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, v. 109 (1905); Weberbauer, peruan. Anden in Engl. & Drude, Veg. d. Erde, xii. 81 (1911).. 7. favillosa Mez in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. iii. 43 (1906); Weberbauer, peruan. Anden in Engl. & Drude, Veg. d. Erde, xii. 81 (1911); Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2, xv a. 120 (1930). COLOMBIA: Cauca or ag Sie near La aM, ners 1000 m Lehmann XX VII PO, type of T. Schenckiana; BM, t. G); same Gs (Mez!). PERU: San Martin: ear Moyobamba, Steutet 62 b (Mez!); Lima: Obrajilio, Brackiarites in Wilkes Expedition (K, type of T. fusca; G, US); near Matucana, alt. 2370 m., pp ee wien 1697 (B, type of te eee phot, G); Chosica, alt. 1000 m , 1923, Macbride wale ios as ons, Wel : prov type of 7. favillosa; phot. G); 1915, Cook & ( Gilber 554 (US); 1925, Ae pa 702; 801 1 (US); Torontoy, Urubamba Valley, gn 2400 m , 1915, Cook & Gilbert 1774 (US); Anwqurra: Cachendo, alt. a tie: “Guenther & Buchtien 357 (Mez!). BOLIVIA: La Paz: La Granja, alt. 2600 m., 1923, Bro. Julio 158 (US, BM); Inpertnrre: Pentland (K, ‘type 0 of .T. sears Lh G). CHILE: without further locality, Haenke (Prague, rypE; phot. rthern Andes of Chile (Baker!), Gay (P, type of T. chilensis; pho it. G). STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 181 ing (Balansa!): stem up to 6 dm. long, stout: leaves densely poly- stichous, ca. 2 dm. long, ferruginous-cinereous, densely and coarsely pruinose- or tomentose-lepidote; sheaths elongate, broadly elliptic, amplexicaul, ochreiform, glabrous inside and below the middle out- side; blades very narrowly triangular, 7-9 mm. wide, channeled, involute-subulate above the middle, filiform-acuminate, erect or diverging, recurving toward apex: scape slender, erect, exceeding the Shorter than the axillary spikes; single or principal ‘spike linear or lanceolate in outline, up to 75 mm. long, 10 mm. wide, densely 6-12- flowered; rhachis strongly angled, slightly flexuous; floral bracts strictly erect, often closely involute about the sepals, not noticeably imbricate, narrowly elliptic, apiculate, ca. 15 mm. long, from dis- tnctly shorter than to slightly exceeding the sepals even on the same plant, chartaceous, glabrous or the lowest scantly lepidote, prominent- Y nerved: flowers with a very short stout pedicel; sepals elliptic, acute or obtuse, ca. 12 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, even, glabrous, coria- r£0us, subequally connate up to about 3 mm.; petals violet, ca. 23 mm. long, blades suborbicular, stamens deeply included, exceeding the Pistil, anthers linear, acute; ovary elongate, prismatic, abruptly wake T’. rupestris Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 856 (1896); Plant. assl. ii. 259 in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, iii. 1037 (1903); Chod. & 182 SMITH Vischer, Vég. Par. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genéve, ser. 2, viii. 202-64, t. 87-9, 91 (1916). T. rupestris var. pendens Chod. & Vischer, ibid. 229, t. 91-2 (1916). 7. arhiza var. rupestris Hassler in Ann. Cons. & Jard. Bot. Genéve, xx. 331 (1919); Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2, xv a. 120 (1930).—PI. III, figs. 2-3. AGUAY: on granite rocks at the summit of Cerro d’Acahy, near Paranaguari, Balansa 4747 (P, Type; phot. G); on granite rocks of Cerro San Thomas near Perenacur ri, Balansa ‘47 46 (Bo, P, type of T. rupestris; phot. G); slopes of San Thomas, Hassler 1000 (K, phot. G). 20. Tillandsia (§ Phytarrhiza) caerulea HBK. Plants up to 25 cm. long, sometimes in dense masses: roots lacking: stem simple, 4-6 cm. long: leaves polystichous, 10-15 em. long, densely furfura- ceous or tomentose-lepidote, cinereous; sheaths ovate, barely over 1 cm. long; blades mostly spreading or reflexed, filiform-subulate, involute, soft, more or less flexuous or contorted, ca. 2 mm. broad at base: scape terminal, erect, up to 15 cm. long, ca. 1 mm. in diameter at base, lepidote; its bracts involute, erect, shorter than the internodes at least as regards the sheathing portion, densely lepidote, filiform- laminate: inflorescence always simple and distichous, 4-7 em. long, laxly 3-7-flowered with the apical one sterile; rhachis very slender, subterete, lepidote, strongly offset opposite the base of each flower but otherwise only slightly flexuous; floral bracts closely enfolding the calyx, not at all imbricate nor concealing the rhachis, diverging from the rhachis at an angle of about 45°, slightly longer than the internodes, elliptic, acute, ca. 15 mm. long, 7 mm. broad, equalling or exceeding the sepals, chartaceous, prominently nerved, lepidote, sometimes dark purple: flowers sessile; sepals lanceolate, acute, mucronate, prominently nerved, equally short-connate, 12 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, glabrous, thin; petals 20 mm. long, claw narrow, blade subrhombic, 7 mm. wide, blue; stamens ca. 8 mm. long, deeply in- cluded, exceeding the pistil, anthers 3 mm. long, linear, dorsifixed near base; ovary stout, subprismatic, about the same length as and but little thicker pees the yee Was akg amet Peru.—Nov. Gen. i. STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 183 on Negritos, O. Haught F-11 (FM); Amotape Mts., 1926, O. Haught 128 What the Mexican citations of Sochipala and Sopilote in the origi- nal description of this species stand for I have been unable to ascer- tain. They can scarcely represent the same species. The petal-blade of T. caerulea is much more like that of typical section Phytarrhiza than it is like that of Diaphoranthema, and ac- cordingly I have transferred the species to Phytarrhiza. 21. Tillandsia (§ Phytarrhiza) crocata (E. Morr.) Bak. Plant 15-35 cm. long: roots present: stem simple or few-branched, up to 2 dm. and more long (Mez!): leaves distichous, 1-3 dm. long, densely tomentose-lepidote with fine reflexed scales; sheaths broadly ovate, glabrous except for the upper half outside; blades spreading or recurving, linear, long-acuminate, involute-subulate, 2-5 mm. in diameter at base: scape terminal, erect or nearly so, slender, 5-15 cm. long, retrorse-tomentose like the leaves, naked or with a single leaf- like bract: inflorescence always simple and distichous, lanceolate or acuminate, up to 2 em. long, about equalling the sepals, densely _tomentose-lepidote: flowers very short-pedicellate, fragrant (Lind- man!) ; sepals sublanceolate, broadly acute or obtuse, thin, prominent- ly nerved, densely appressed-lepidote except in extreme age; petals up to 2 cm. long; blade suborbicular, obtuse, 6-8 mm. broad, bright yellow; stamens deeply included, exceeding the pistil: capsule cylin- dric, ca. 3 em. long.—Terrestrial and epiphytic; Bolivia, Brazil, Uru- guay, Argentina.—Bak. in Journ. Bot. xxv. 214 (1887); Brom. 163 (1889); Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. iii. pt. 3, 607 (1894); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 860 (1896); Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2, xv a. 120 (1930); L. B. Smith in Ostenia, 361 (1933). Phytarrhiza crocata E. Morr. in Belg. Hort. xxx. 87 (1880). 7. Mandonii E. Morr. ex Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 871 (1896); Ann. Cons. & Jard. Bot. Genve, xx. 334 (1919).—Pl. IV, figs. 21-22. BOLIVIA: : j nd Coaconi, alt. 2650 m., 1861 oe 1180 « eg ay Mandonsi BM, G: 8). BRAZIL: . pe Capiio Genus, ville 3 Velha, alt. 875 m., 1904, Dusén 4284 (S, MN a known’ whether pe RC on Tole, 1893, Osten 3055 (Ost); Inperinrre: Miers 1367 (BM). ARGEN- A: Enrre Rios: Concepcion del Uruguay, 1882, Hieronymus (S). 2 a 184 SMITH Tillandsia Mandonii was based on very old and weathered material. The only character in its description to distinguish it from 7’. crocata is the supposedly glabrous sepals, but both the Mandon and Miers collections show some scales still left on the sepals. 22. Tillandsia (§ Phytarrhiza) bandensis Bak. Plant 1-2 dm. long: roots present: stem much branched with the branching largely in a single plane, 4-6 cm. long: leaves densely distichous, 5-7 cm. long, densely pruinose- or tomentose-lepidote, cinereous to fuscous; sheaths broadly ovate, ca. 1 cm. long, glabrous except for the upper half outside; blades suberect to spreading, linear-subulate, involute, long-acuminate, 1-2 mm. in diameter at base: scape terminal, erect or decurved, up to 9 cm. long, ca. 0.5 mm. in diameter, sulcate, lepi- dote at least below; its bracts 1-2, remote, much shorter than the internodes, elliptic, the upper acute or apiculate and usually glabrous, the lower usually filiform-laminate and appressed-lepidote: inflores- cence always simple and distichous, linear-lanceolate, 2-3 em. long and 3-5 mm. wide not counting the petals, 2-4-flowered; rhachis very slender, slightly flexuous, excavated next the flowers, glabrous; floral bracts remote, not at all imbricate, equaling or slightly longer than the internodes, ovate-elliptic, acute, membranaceous, more or less prominently nerved, 9-12 mm. long, the lower ones equaling or somewhat shorter than the sepals and sometimes scantly lepidote, the upper ones much shorter than the sepals and glabrous: flowers strictly erect and appressed to the rhachis; pedicel very short, obconic; sepals subelliptic, acute, 8-10 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. broad, thin, prominently nerved, glabrous, equally subfree; petals 15-16 mm. long, claw narrow, blade distinct, broadly elliptic or obovate, 5 mm. long, 6 mm. broad, blue or violet; stamens deeply included, exceeding the pistil, anthers linear; ovary subprismatic, passing gradually into the short style: capsule cylindric, ca. 2 em. long.—Epiphytic; Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina.—Bak. in Journ. Bot. xxv. 234 (1887); Brom. 165 (1889); Kerr, Bot. Pileom. in Trans. & Proc. Edinb. Bot. Soe. xx. 73 (1894); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 858 (1896); Hassler, Flor. Pilcom. in Trab. Mus. Farmac. B. A. xxi. 42 (1909); Hauman & Vanderveken, Phan. L’Arg. i., in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. xxix. 242 (1917); Herter, Florula Urug. 45 (1930); L. B. Smith, Not. Brom. in Ostenia, 362 (1933); Castellanos, Brom. Arg. iv., in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. xxxvii. 498 (1933). 7. quadriflora Bak. Brom. 163 (1889), as to Miers 1363. T. recurvata var. majuscula Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. iii. pt. 3, 611 (1894). 7. bandensis var. intermedia Hassler in Ann. Cons. & Jard. Bot. Geneve, xx. 333 (1919); Cas- | tellanos, Brom. & Cact. in Physis, x. 86, t. 2 (1930). STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 185 LIVIA: Santa Cruz: Cerro de Alto Mairana, alt. 2000 m., 1921, Stein- . PARAGUAY: Gran Chaco, Santa Elisa, 23° 10’ 8. lat. 3, Hassler 2778 (Bo, type of var. intermedia; BM). URUGUAY SaLTo: 1924, Schroeder (Ost 17768 b, G); San Jos&: near San José, Arechava- Z ONIA YPE; phot. Formosa: Rio Pi comayo, Kerr 109 (K, ph Formosa, Jérgensen se ; sen wy ot. G); - (Ost 13780); Jérgensen 1129 (Castellanos! CHAco: Resistencia, 1924, Castellanos 24/1246 (Castellanos!); Jusvuy: Quinta, near Laguna de la Brea, 1901, Fries 417 (S); Rio Chijra, 1924, Schreiter 2605 : Gran ho, Ipaguazo, 1902, Calcagnini (Castellanos!); Rio Juramento, 1922, Castellanos (Castellanos!); Oran, 1931, Ragonese (Castellanos!); Tucumin: dept. Trancas, Vipos, alt. 786 m., 1923, » G); Vipos, 1922, Schreiter 27/2340 (Castellanos!); near ucumian, 1926, Schreiter 26/2375 ; 1927, 27/2879 (Castellanos!) ; El Duraznito, near Tucumén, alt. 600 m., 1924, Venturi 2801 (Ost, S, BA); dept. Trancas, Tapia, alt. 750 m., 1920, Venturi 1119 (FM, 8, Ost, BA); Chafiar Pozo, 1919, Venturi 1127 (Castellanos!); CaTAMARCA: Quebrada de Totoral, Concepcién, 1909, Castillon 6601 (Castellanos!); El Valle, 1886, Spegazzini 159 (Castel lanos!); dept. El Alto, 1928, Balcosna in hb. Venturi 7184 (Castellanos!) SANTIAGO pEL Estero: La Parilla, near Gancedo, 1924, Castellanos 24/1818 . bl Grande, 1931, Ca SP (Castellanos!) : San Isidro, 1906, Hauman 1128 (Castellanos !), Mez’s citations of 1. bandensis are so badly mixed geographically that it is not possible to use them without further checking, although T have little doubt of their taxonomic accuracy. The main trouble is his interpretation of the old term, “ Banda Oriental,” as Paraguay, _ when it should be Uruguay. In addition I can find no basis for his considering that the Tweedie material came from Brazil. As already pointed out in Ostenia, Hassler’s var. intermedia differs from Mez’s description of the type of 7. bandensis but not from the u ype. 23. Tillandsia (§ Phytarrhiza) Mallemontii Glaziou. Plant up to 25 em. long: roots present: stem very slender, 1-2 dm. long, branching: leaves distichous, up to 12 em. long, cinereous, densely Pruinose-lepidote; sheaths narrowly ovate, up to 2 cm. long, mem- branaceous, glabrous within and below on the outside; blades mostly spreading or reflexed, irregularly curved, linear, long-acuminate, mm. in diameter: scape terminal, erect to strongly curved, UP to 13 cm. long, lepidote, almost filiform; scape-bracts like the floral bracts but sometimes long-laminate, 1 or 2 immediately below the inflorescence or rarely one somewhat remote: inflorescence always simple and distichous, narrowly lanceolate, complanate, 25 mm. long 186 SMITH and 4 mm. wide not counting the petals, densely 1-4-flowered; rha- chis glabrous, compressed, slightly geniculate; floral bracts slightly more than twice as long as the internodes but not really imbricate because separated by the flowers at anthesis, ovate, acute, up to 9 mm. long, ecarinate, prominently nerved, thin, densely lepidote: flowers strictly erect, subsessile; sepals suboblong, acute, 12.5 mm. long, glabrous, nerved, equally short-connate; petals up to 17 mm. long, claw linear, blade suborbicular, obtuse, 6.5 mm. broad, spreading at anthesis, blue or violet; stamens deeply included, exceeding the pistil, anthers oblong, obtuse, 2 mm. long; ovary cylindric, abruptly contracted into the short thick style.—Terrestrial and epiphytic; Brazil.—Glaziou ex Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. iii. pt. 3, 608, t. 114, fig. 1 (1894); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 859 (1896); Silveira, Narrativas e Memorias, i. 277 (1924); Flor. Montium, ii. 6, t. 8 (1931). T. linearis Vell. sensu Bak. Journ. Bot. xxv. 234 (1887); Brom. 164 (1889), non Vell. (1825). Phytarhiza uniflora E. Morr. ex Bak. Brom. 164 (1889), in synon. ZIL: Rio pe Janetro: Alt. Macahé, near Nova Friburgo, 1891, Hilaire Cat. C?, 145 ; Parani: ! Dusén 4107 (MN Rio); Jaguariahyva, alt. 740 m., 1910, Dusén 10071 (S); orto Amazonas, alt. m., Lange i : near Tubarao, Ule 1318 in part (Mez!); Rio GranpvE po Suu: Cachoeira, on | When the petals of 7. Mallemontii are well expanded there is no danger of mistaking it for 7. recwrvata, but except for the petals there ~ is no one character that holds. Within the range of 7. Mallemontit, T. recurvata is usually much smaller. TT. Mallemontii combines the characters of large size, long stem and all floral bracts shorter than the sepals. 7. recwrvata has the same characters but not all combined at once. : Mez gives Phytarhiza uniflora as a synonym of Tillandsia recurvata, presumably on the ground that Tillandsia uniflora was. However, there is no evidence that Morren intended Phytarhiza uniflora as a new combination and his plate in the Kew herbarium is unmistakably T. Mallemontii. 24. Tillandsia (§ Diaphoranthema) loliacea Mart. Plants up to 17 cm. long but usually much less: roots present: stem usually evident, simple or branched, rarely more than 4 em. long: leaves densely polystichous, up to 4 em. (Mez!) but usually 2-3 cm. long, STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 187 cinereous to fuscous, densely and coarsely pruinose-lepidote; sheaths ca. 3 mm. long, but slightly broader than the blade, glabrous, pale, subcoriaceous with broad hyaline margins, prominently nerved; blades erect to suberect or arching-secund, rigid, very narrowly triangular, long-acuminate but not filiform, 3-5 mm. wide at base: scape terminal, straight or curving, up to 10 cm. long, less than 1 mm. in diameter, lepidote; its bracts numerous, about equaling the inter- nodes, elliptic, acute, chartaceous, prominently nerved, densely lepidote: inflorescence always simple and distichous, linear, up to 4 em. long, very much like that of Lolium in its size and sinuous out- line, up to 16-flowered (Hoehne!) but often with very few; rhachis strongly geniculate, flattened and excavated next the flowers, lepidote; floral bracts not at all imbricate, about one and a half times as long as the internodes, closely enfolding the flowers, ovate, acute, 8 mm. long, equaling or shorter than the sepals, thin, strongly nerved, densely lepidote: flowers erect and appressed to the rhachis, subsessile; sepals lanceolate, acute, up to 9 mm. long, glabrous, prominently nerved, equally short-connate; petals 10 mm. long, pale violet (Mez!) to yellow, claw sublinear, blade narrow, acute; stamens deeply in- cluded, exceeding the pistil, anthers 1.25 mm. long; ovary short- cylindric, abruptly contracted into the thick style; ovules long- caudate: capsule slenderly cylindric, short-beaked, up to 45 mm. long (Mez!).—Terrestrial and epiphytic; Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina.—Mart. ex R. & S. Syst. vii. 1204 (1830); Bak. Journ. Bot. xxv. 344 (1887); Brom. 189 (1889); Mez in Mart. FI. Bras. iii. pt. 3, 611, t. 114, fig. 2 (1894); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 862 (1896): O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. iii. 304 (1898); Mez, Plant. Hassl. ii. 259 in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, ili. 1037 (1903); Chod. & Vischer, Vég. Par. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genéve, ser. 2, viii. 202-64, t. 76, 81-5 (1916); Hassler in Ann. Cons. & Jard. Bot. Genéve, xx.'333 (1919); Hoehne in Comm. Linh. Telegr. Estrat. Matto-Grosso (Publ. 47), Annexo, v. Bot. pt. 9, 14, t. 164 (1919); Castellanos, Brom. Arg. iv., in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. xxxvii. 504 (1933). 7. undulata Bak. in Journ. Bot. xvi. 240 (1878); xxv. 213 (1887); Brom. 162 (1889). 7. quadri- ora Bak. Brom. 163 (1889), in part. 7. atrichoides S. Moore in Trans. n. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 491 (1895). BRAZIL: Crari: Cariri, 1910, Léfgren 496 (S, MN Rio); Banta: Monte is yt oe doazeiro, Martius un, TYPE; phot. G); Mrvas GErars 5 Bis Bis. “ovat nae Matta-Rodeador, GSP): Mame escalvado, 1932, A. Gehrt in hb. S. P. 29795 (G, SP); 7. airicheteen Corumbé and Ladirio, 1892, S. Moore 1046 (BM, type = Raber 6g et G); Diamantino, 1894, Lindman b (S); Corumbé, 1902, - Sladen 791 (BM); 1911, Hoehne 3556-9 (MN Rio). PERU: 188 SMITH Mathews (Mez!). BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Velasco, alt. 200 m., 1892, Kuntze (NY); Oriente, Charagua, alt. 800 m., 1934, Cardenas 2681 (G); INDEFINITE: Mandon AGUAY: i co, Banks of the Rio Pileomayo, 1893, Lindman a (8); Asuncion, Itapitapunta, 1893, Li 611 } 1611 b (8); Cordillera de Altos, Hassler 3861 (Mez!); Cerro Hu, Paraguary, ino, Ypecarai, 1915, Osten 8106 (G, Ost, 8); ie. Osten 8920, 8922 b (Ost). ARGENTINA: Mistonss: Niederlein (Mez!); Formosa: Guayculé , Jérgensen 3396 (G, US, Mo, BA); Formosa, 1917, Muello (Castellanos!); CHaco: near a ae (Mez!); Jusuy: Quinta, near aguna de la Brea, poe tellanos (Castellanos!) ; Saura: Gran Chaco Saltefio, Ipaguazo, 1902, Calcag- mini (Castellanos!); Tabacal, 1928, Burkart 28/707 (Castellanos!); between Embarecacién and Yacuiba, 1923, Hawman 1568 Castellanos!) ; CorRIENTES: near Riachuelo, Niederlein (Mez!); INDEFINITE: Hieronymus (Mez!) 25. Tillandsia (§ Diaphoranthema) erecta Gill. Plant up to 11 cm. long: roots present: stem 3-6 cm. long, simple or few-branched: leaves densely polystichous, up to 5 em. long, cinereous, densely and coarsely pruinose-lepidote; sheaths broadly ovate, ca. 5 mm. long, glabrous within and at the extreme base outside ; blades erect to spreading, very narrowly triangular, involute-subulate, rigid, prom- inently nerved, angled toward apex, ca. 4 mm. broad at base: scape terminal, up to 45 mm. long, slender, strongly sulcate, glabrous, naked or with a single elliptic glabrous bract ca. 15 mm. long: inflor- escence of a single flower with the rhachis prolonged behind it; floral bract triangular-ovate, acute, 8-10 mm. long, equaling or shorter than the sepals, glabrous, prominently 7-10-nerved: flower subsessile; sepals elliptic-lanceolate, acute, 10 mm. lon glabrous or scantly lepidote, prominently nerved, equally short-connate; petals narrowly elliptic, yellow in the dried material, punctate; stamens deeply in- cluded, exceeding the pistil: capsule slenderly cylindric, ca. 2 em. long, abruptly short-beaked.—Epiphytic; Argentina.—Gill. ex Bak. in Journ. Bot. xvi. 239 (1878); xxv. 213 (1887); Brom. 162 (1889); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 866 (1896); Hauman & Vanderveken, Phan. L’Arg. i., in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. xxix. 244 (1917). T’. rigida Gill. ex Bak. in Journ. Bot. xvi. 239 (1878), in synonymy; Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 884 (1896). “Var. T. rigida” Gill. ex Bak. Brom. 162 (1889).—PI. iV fis. 2. snr eee fol te een as Meo, wt G); Inpermwrre: Castellanos (G, BA). “> type of 7. riguda; phot. 26, Tillandsia (§ Diaphoranthema) funebris Castellanos. STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 189 always terminal apparently, slender, erect, up to 5 em. long, glabrous, strongly angled, naked for most of its length; scape-bracts oblong- lanceolate, acute, up to 17 mm. long but usually about 13 mm., subcoriaceous, many-nerved, even, 2 in number, usually a somewhat lepidote one near the base of the scape and a glabrous one just below the inflorescence: inflorescence 1-2-flowered, glabrous; floral bracts like the upper scape-bract but more ovate and progressively smaller, from slightly shorter to slightly longer than the sepals, even; rhachis like the scape and nearly as thick, swollen at the nodes: flowers sub- sessile, erect; sepals lanceolate, acute, even, many-nerved, 10 mm. long, equally connate for about 2 mm.; petals 13 mm. long, dark orange- brown when dry, coffee-colored when fresh (Venturi!), blade distinct, obtusely angled, contracted into the short thick style, stigma broadly capitate: capsule slenderly cylindric, 2 em. long: seeds few.—Epi- phytie; southeastern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina.—Castel- nn Brom. Arg. iv., in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. xxvii. 502 a BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Oriente, Charagua to_Izozog, alt. 800 m., 1934, Seat 2688 (G),. ARGENTINA: Satra: La Candelaria, Unquillo, 1931, chreiter 6619 (Castellanos!); Tucuman: dept. Trancas, Vipos, alt. 786-850 ” | 1873 (G, US, 8); Schreiter 1689 (BA 27/2362, TrPE; G); (Osten 17377). This species is probably a close relative of T. aicoides, having the Same trait of an isolated scape-bract just below the inflorescence, but - larger and spreading leaves distinguish it at first glance. In habit, . funebris closely resembles 7’. erecta. Castellanos records larger measurements for parts of the inflores- cence than I have been able to find. ; 190 SMITH T. funebris is one of the species which appear transitional between Phytarrhiza and Diaphoranthema. 27. Tillandsia (§ Diaphoranthema) tricholepis Bak. Plant moss-like: roots present: stems many from a single point, densely massed, at first bearing flowers when short and simple but later elongate and much branched, up to 22 cm. long including the longest branch, but usually much less: leaves densely polystichous, up to 15 mm. long but averaging about 10 mm.; sheaths distinct, broadly ovate, glabrous and covered by the one below except at the extreme apex, membranaceous, scarious with 4 to 5 central nerves and broad nerveless margins; blades appressed to somewhat divergent, narrowly triangular, subulate-acuminate, involute, densely ferruginous- or cinereous-furfuraceous with lacerate asymmetric scales produced below into a spreading lobe so that under a lens the leaves appear reflexed-tomentose: scapes at first terminal, soon becoming pseudo- axillary by the elongation of the stem, slender, straight or somewhat flexuous, 1-4 cm. long, 0.3-0.5 mm. thick, sulcate, soon glabrous; scape-bracts several, evenly distributed, nearly or quite as long as the internodes, closely enfolding and concealing most of the scape, lanceo- late, acute, membranaceous, sulcate, lepidote, 5-8 mm. long: inflores- cence always of a single spike, 1-5-flowered, sometimes with a sterile floret at apex, narrowly lanceolate, up to 17 mm. long; rhachis slender, nearly straight, strongly angled, glabrous; floral bracts like the scape- bracts but broadly ovate, enfolding the rhachis for about half their length, slightly but consistently shorter than the sepals: flowers erect, subsessile but appearing stipitate because of the narrowing of the calyx-tube, up to 9 mm. long; sepals lanceolate, acute, equally connate at base for 1.5 mm., 6.5 mm. long, glabrous or with a very few scales, membranaceous, strongly nerved; petals pale yellow, punctate, linear, blade indistinct, obtuse, spreading at anthesis; stamens deeply included, less than half as long as the petals, exceed- ing the style, anthers linear, acutish, basifixed; ovary prismatic with a projecting ring just below the apex, style short but slender, stigmas just reaching the base of the anthers: capsule narrowly cylindric, — abruptly contracted into a short beak, up to 2 cm. long, valves sepa- : rating nearly to the base, remaining straight; seed narrowly fusiform, brown, up to 3 mm. long, with a short white beak at apex and at base a ema coma up to 14 mm. long. —Epiphytic; eastern Brazil, Ete Paraguay, and northern Argentina.—Bak. in Journ. Bot. . 28% (1878); xxv. 213 (1887); Brom. 160 (1889); O. Ktze. Rev. Gea 304 (1898) ; Hassler in Ann. Cons. & Jard. Bot. Genéve, xx. 334 (1919); STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—VI 191 Castellanos, Brom. Arg. iv., in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. XXXVii. 507 (1933). T. tricholepis var. argentea Hassler in Ann. Cons. & Jard, Bot. Genéve, xx. 334 (1919). T. bryoides Griseb. (in part) Symb. Arg. in Goett. Abh. xxiv. 334 (1879); Bak. Brom. 160 (1889); Morong & Britton, Enum. Pl. Parag. in Contrib. Herb. Columbia Coll. xxxv. in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. vii. 236 (1892). T. polytrichoides E. Morr. in Belg. Hort. xxx. 240 (1880); Mez in Mart. Fl. Bras. iii. pt. 3, 612, t. 114, fig. 3 (1894); Mez in DC. Mon. Phan. ix. 863 (1896); Mez, Pl. Hassl. ii. 259, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, i. 1037 (1903); Hassler, Fl. Pileom. in Trab. Mus. Farmac. B. A. xxi. 41 (1909); Chod. & Vischer, Vég. Par. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genéve, ser. 2, viii. 210, 221, 232, 234, 260, t. 938-5 (1916); Hauman & Vanderveken, Phan. L’Arg. i., in An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. B. A. xxix. 246 (1917); Herzog in Engl. & Drude, Veg. d. Erde, xv. 96-7 (1923); Lillo in Bol. Univ. Nac. Tucumén, i. no. 6, 5 (1925); Silveira, Narrativas e Memorias, i. 282 (1924); Flor. Montium, ii. 4, 5, 12, 13, t. 3 (1931); Harms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ed. 2, xv a. 122 (1930). BRAZIL: Crark: F. Alleméo CLXXI (MN Rio); Alleméo & Cysneiros 1525; 1526 in part (MN Rio); Minas Grrags: Conselheiro Matta-Rodeador, rade 13497 (JB Rio, G); Rio pe JANEIRO: on ironwork over Rio Para~ hyba, Barra do irahy, Silveira (Silveira!) ; FepErat District: Sao Christovao, Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 3124; Schwacke 5458 (Mez!); 1892, Lindman A 37 (8); 1929, Brade 2168 (G); Inverinrre: Glaziou 66 (type of T. polytrichoides). BOLIVIA: Ex Bent: Trinidad, alt. 250 m., 1926, Werdermann 2396 (S); La 4z: Poquerani, San Pe ro, near Sorata, alt. 2500-2650 m., 1859, Mandon ° pa . 1179 in part (K, M, 8, G, NY); Apolo, 1902, R. S. Williams 1486 (NY, US, BM); prov. Inquisivi, Cafiamina, alt. 17