CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY a ‘Publication of Jacquin’s Icones Plantarum Rariorum. | _ By Bernice G. ScHUBERT....... EES ECO Be 2 Studies in the Begoniaceae,—I. By Lyman B. ‘Suara and CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY No. CLIV. ISSUED JIN 15 1945 1. Publication of Jacquin’s Icones Plantarum Rariorum. Te SIPMNCOCE Sa, ORURERTS 5 oe oon 6 Fo ee ee 3 2. Studies in the Begoniaceae,—I. By Lyman B. Smita and BERNICE G. SCHUBERT. A. Miscellaneous Novelties... 0.6 oe 23 Db. Begonia of Bessé and Mocifio.....5.52.50 ... 06.24. 27 3. Studies in the Bromeliaceae,——XIII. By Lyman B. NE i os ho nd ae ee he a eS 32 4. Two New Species of Bomarea from Peru. By Cksar MM Re once so Oa ae ee pce Ror ace et iat 39 PUBLISHED BY THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S. A. 1945. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY—CLIV 1.—PUBLICATION OF JACQUIN’S ICONES PLANTARUM RARIORUM By Bernice G. ScHUBERT The dates of publication of the three volumes of Jacquin’s Icones Plantarum Rariorum apparently have never been thor- oughly investigated. The dates given on the title-page for volume I which contains twenty pages of text and two hundred plates are 1781-1786; those for volume II, which contains twenty- two pages of text and two hundred fifty-four plates (numbered from 201-454), are 1786-1793; and for volume III, which con- tains twenty-four pages of text (including a list of the plates in the three volumes) and one hundred ninety-four plates (num- bered from 455-648), are also 1786-1793. The plants represented by plates in these three volumes were, for the most part, newly or very fully described in the Miscel- lanea! or Collectanea? by Jacquin, so that only brief diagnoses and synonymy were required as text for the Icones. The diag- noses are numbered and arranged in order, according to the Linnean system, and the plates are similarly numbered and bound. In some cases however, the generic or specific names or both, which appeared on the plates, were later changed in the text. The difficulty in ascertaining proper dates of publication for the plates lies in the fact that they were not issued in the 1N. J. Jacquin, Miscellanea Austriaca ad Botanicam, Chemiam, et Historiam Naturalem spectantia, cum figuris partim coloratis. 2 Volumes. Ex officina Krausi- ana, Vindobonae. 2N. J. Jacquin, Collectanea ad Botanicam, Chemiam, et Historiam Naturalem spectantia cum figuris. 5 Volumes, of which the fifth is a supplement to the fourth. Ex officina Wappleriana, Vindobonae. in volume I references on the plates are given to Miscell. 3. Ina note in volume I of the Collectanea, however, the author explains that he has changed the title of the Miscellanea after publication of the second volume and that the work continued as the Collectanea. 4 SCHUBERT order in which they were bound, but rather in fascicles of twenty- five each, as they happened to be completed. It is necessary, therefore, to know the composition of each of the fascicles. In the case of volume I, I have been successful in finding numbered lists for the first four fascicles only. These appeared in a review of the fascicles in the Géttingische Anzeigen von gelehrten Sachen!, in which each of the’one hundred names was followed by a plate-number (which did not agree with the plate-numbers in the bound volume indicating the order of the Linnean system). It seems natural, therefore, to assume that these numbers are an indication of the order in which the plates appeared in the fascicles, numbers 1-25 composing fascicle 1, 26-50 fascicle 2, 51-75 fascicle 3, and 76-100 fascicle 4. In the table which fol- lows I have indicated these fascicle-numbers. Those names which do not have fascicle-numbers represent the remaining plates, those of fascicles 5-8 which, according to two reviews, were issued together. Of the reviews studied, in addition to that of the Géttingische Anzeigen von gelehrten Sachen noted above, one, with an unnumbered list of plates, appeared in the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, no. 230b for Wednesday, Sep- tember 24, 1788; and the other, a complete review of the whole volume, with the text-list but slightly modified, and a detailed discussion, in the Magazin fiir Botanik?. The latter review con- tained the editors’ statements that the first four fascicles had been received, one a year, beginning in 1781, whereas the last four had been received together, the previous Easter (7. e. April, 1787). Although both the reviewers of the last four fascicles give the dates of publication 1781-1786, as stated on the title-page, neither of their reviews was published before 1788 and Rémer & Usteri made it clear that their copy was not received until 1787. The date 1786, for publication of fascicles 5-8 and the text is therefore, still somewhat questionable. Otto Kuntze* questioned the dates of publication of volumes II and III, feeling certain that one volume must have been pub- lished after the other. Actually the four hundred forty-eight ' Géttingische Anzeigen von gelehrten Sachen, ii. brags (1784). 88). ? Romer & Usteri, Mag. fiir Botanik, 1%. 42-62 (17 3 Rev. Gen. Pl. i. exxxi (1891). JACQUIN’S ICONES PLANTARUM RARIORUM 5 plates of volumes II and III were issued in fascicles! (as were the plates of volume I), in an order also quite unrelated to that in which they were bound. With the publication of the 16th and last fascicle the text of volume II and volume III was issued, therefore the identical title-page dates are correct. Fortunately, lists of the plates which were included in each of the sixteen fascicles of the two volumes have been found and the fascicle- numbers are appended to the list of plates which follows. In addition to the lists of plates (one for volume I and one for volumes II and III together), there follows a table listing review- dates for the Miscellanea and Collectanea, a table with dates of Dates oF REVIEWS OF THE MISCELLANEA OF JACQUIN Vol Title-page G. G. A. Rev.” Beckman Rev.’ = Date Date Date I 1778 Apr. 8, 1780 x3, 374 (1779) i. 232 (1780) II 1781 June 17, 1782 xii”. 210 (1782) i. 588 (1782) Dates OF REVIEWS OF THE COLLECTANEA OF JACQUIN Title-page G. G. A. Rev. A. L.-Z. Rev. Vol. Date Date Date I 1786 Oct. 8, 1787 no. 538, Mon., iii. 1615 (1787) Feb. 22, 1790 II 1788 Sept. 5, 1789 no. 53, Mon., ili, 1429 (1789) Feb. 22, 1790 III 1789 Aug. 16, 1790 no. 363, Sun., ii. 1315 (1790) Dee. 5, 1790 IV 1790 Feb. 18, 1792 i. 260 (1792) Vv 1796 . 144, Sat., Suppl. May 6, 1797 1 Each of the fascicles contained twenty-five plates except the last (16th) which mtained seventy-four 2 References under this heading are to reviews in the Géttingische Anzeigen von Gelehrten Sach The same heading will be used references in other tables 3 References under this heading are to reviews in the ‘‘ Physikalisch-Gkonomische Bibliothek worinn den neuesten Biichern, welche die Naturgeschichte, Naturlehre und die Land- und Stadtwirthschaft betreffen, zuverlissige und vollstindige Nach- Japa howe werden’’, by Johann Beckmann, published in Géttingen. tnote to column 5 in the table of Dates of Reviews of the Icones, p. 6. 6 SCHUBERT the reviews of the Icones and a series of notes compiled from statements of special interest made by the reviewers. Dates or REVIEWS OF THE ICONES PLANTARUM RARIORUM OF JACQUIN Mag |Probable date voi. | Fase, | fir Bot. | Ann. der Bot. | A. L-Z. 6.6.4. ney et Rev. date! Rev. date? Rev. date’ Rev. date4 Fi reviewers notices) I 1 See under fasc. 4 1781 2 hoe See under fase. 4 1782 3 See under fasc. 4 1783 4 . 19, 1784 ii. 1329 (1784) |1784 5 See under See under text-list I fasc. 8 1787 (?) 6 See under See under text-list I fasc. 8 1787 (?) 7 See under See under text-list I fasc. 8 1787 (?) See under No. 230b 8 text-list I Wed. Sept. 1787 (?) 24, 1788 Text- |i3, 42-62 list I |(1788) 1787 (?) 1 The journal to which saree ey are given in column 1, the Magazin fiir of Rémer & Usteri, was in Zurich. The twelve numbers under joint torship were followed in ous by the Neues Mag die Botanik, edited by Rémer. The lat was carried on for but one ear. *In 1791 the Neues Magazin fiir Botanik was superseded by a journal edited by Usteri and published in Leipzig, the Annalen der Botanik. With number seven of this journal a new series was begun, Neue Annalen der Botanik. The only change ms to be the appearance of two title-pages, one bearing the number in facing aetote: notices of publication, announcement of sales ats other items of interest. lehrten en which tia been mentioned previo ously. “The reviews in this cia are arranged according to cities in which petrtiapnctt. took place JACQUIN’S ICONES PLANTARUM RARIORUM DaTEs oF REVIEWS OF THE ICONES PLANTARIUM RARIORUM OF JACQUIN—CoOnt. Il& iit, 61 No. 230b May 3, 1788 Ill 1 (1788) Wed. Sept. | i. 704 (1788) [1787 24, 1788 2 See under See under fasc. 3 fase. 3 1789 3 itt, 92 Oct. 3, 1789 sales (1790) ii. 1600 (1789) |1789 4 See under fasc. 5 1789 5 ivl! .172 (1790) 1789 6 See under fasc. 7 1790 Zz i, 126 (1791) 1790 8 iii. 216 Dec. 1, 1792 (1792) ii. 1913 (1792) |1792 9 See under See under fasc. 12 fase. 15 1792 10 See under See under fase. 12 fasc. 15 1792 il See under See under | See under = fase. 12 15 fase. 12 1792 12 v. 110 (1793) | See er | Sept. 20, 1794 i fase. 15 ii. 1503 (1794) |1792 13 See under See under fase, 15 ase. 15 1794) 14 See under See under fase. 15 fase. 15 1794? or 1793 No. 29 15 xi, 121 (1794) | Tues. Jan. 1794) 26, 1796 16 xix. 65 (1796) 1795 Text- list IT xx. 58 (1796) 1795 Text- list TIT xxi. 72 (1797) 1795 8 SCHUBERT NoTES ON THE REVIEWS OF VOLUME I:— 1. Géttingische Anzeigen von gelehrten Sachen (ii. 1329 (1784)). —The editors apologize here for not previously mentioning this work of Jacquin which, according to them, began in 1781 and of which the fourth fascicle reached them in 1784. As noted on page 4, a list with plate-numbers is given. 2. Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung (no. 230b, Wednesday, Sep- tember 24, 1788).—In this announcement of publication of fasci- cles 5-8 of volume I, a list of plates is given. The date 1786, — printed without comment, was presumably taken from the fascicle-cover. 3. Magazin fiir Botanik (i. 42-62 (1788)).—In this detailed review, part of which has already been discussed (on page 4) there is included the text-list, statement that 1781-1784 are the dates of publication for the first four fascicles, and the implication that 1787 is the proper date for the last four which were received together. Notes ON THE REVIEWS OF VoLumEs II anp III :— 1. Magazin fiir Botantk: ii’. 61 (1788)—Fasec. 1—In this announcement of publication a list of the plants represented by the plates of the fascicle is given and the significant statement is made that the descriptions of and observations on the species will appear in the second volume of the Collectanea expected by the coming Easter. The date, 1787, presumably taken from the fascicle-cover, is given without comment. il®. 92 (1790)—Fasc. 2 and 3—No comment is made on the date 1789 which is given for publication. The lists also appear with- out comment. Only 23 names are listed for fascicle 2, however. iv", 172 (1790)—Fase. 4 and 5—No comment is made on the date, 1789, given for publication, nor on the lists of plates pre- sented. 2. Annalen der Botanik: i. 126 (1791)—Fasc. 6 and 7—1790 is the publication-date ac- cording to this announcement. A list of plates is given for each of the two fascicles. : ili. 216 (1792)—Fasc. 8—In this review 1790 is given as the date JACQUIN’S ICONES PLANTARUM RARIORUM 9 of publication, according to the information presumably copied from the fascicle-cover; it is followed, however, by the editor’s statement, in parentheses, “‘1792 ausgegeben”’. The editor also says that “according to a note on the cover of this fascicle the work is to be ended with about 100 more plates which are ready. These plates are still to be added to the second volume, and therefore it will be more important than the first”. [Translation ours.'| The plates in this fascicle are double-folio size. v. 110 (1793)—Fasec. 9-12—A list of names of the twenty-five plants represented in each fascicle is given. The dates copied from the fascicle-covers are, for fascicle 9—1790; fascicle 10— 1791; fascicle 11—1791; fascicle 12—1792. The reviewer noted after these dates however, that, “‘each of the fascicles 25 plates strong (was issued at the end of the year 1792 and the beginning of 1793, at Wappler’s [z. e. the publisher in Vienna])”’. The re- viewer remarks too, that “‘the authorhas . . . changed his decision to terminate the work with the 12th fascicle; he will not do this until the 16th fascicle so that the 2nd and 3rd volumes will then contain 200 plates as the first volume. The text of both vol- umes will appear with the final 16th fascicle, perhaps still in this ear.” xi. 121 (1794)—Fasc. 13-15—The date 1793, from the fascicle- cover, is here followed by the reviewer’s statement ‘(1794 ausgegeben)”’. The lists appear without comment. xix. 65 (1796)—Fasc. 16—The date 1794 from the fascicle-cover is followed by the statement: ‘with this fascicle, issued at the end of the year 1795 the costly and excellent work is completed. The text of the second and third volumes was issued simultane- ously with it. The next number of the Annales will offer further details of this. In the meantime, there follows here the list of the plants represented in the 16th and last fascicle.”” Seventy-four names follow. 3. Allgemeine Literatur Zeitung: No. 230b, Wednesday, September 24, 1788—Fasc. 1—The date and names given here agree with those in other reviews. No. 29, Tuesday, January 26, 1796—Fasc. 9-15—The date 1793 is given for these seven fascicles, along with the lists. 1 The reviews in all cases are in German and when quoted have been translated by the author, 10 SCHUBERT 4. Géttingische Anzeigen von gelehrten Sachen: i. 704 (1788)—Fasc. 1—The reviewer makes no comment here, simply presenting title, date and list. iii. 1600 (1789)—Fasc. 2 and 3—It is here stated that these two fascicles appeared together in 1788. The names which follow are arranged in order according to the Linnean system and al- though Latin specific names are used the generic names are the German popular ones. ii. 1913 (1792)—Fasc. 8—Only 1790 the date from the fascicle- cover is given here. The reviewer indicates receipt of notice that the third volume may not be completed. ii. 1503 (1794)—Fase. 11 and 12—The dates “1791-1792” are given and followed by a statement regarding completion of the work with the 16th fascicle [see under Ann. der Bot., v. 110 (1793)]. SpEcIES REPRESENTED IN VOLUME I Pl. no. Reference Fasc. no. Name 16 Mise. 3 Agrostis tenacissima 64 Mise. 3 3 Albuca ee 63 Coll. 2 buca 62 Misc. 2 llium 138 Misc. 3 Aithaea: nacbonetisis 79 Mise. 3 Andromeda a 103 Misc. 2 3 Anemone fragifera 117 Misc. 2 g Antirrhinum hirtum 116 Mise. 2 . 2 Antirrhinum versicolor 102 Mise. 3 S Aquilegia viridiflor 125 Coll. 1 Arabis ovirensis 83 Coll. 1 Arenaria biflora 188 Misc. 2 2 Aristolochia bilobata 172 Mise. 3 Artemisi 199 oll. 1 Asplenium sacieiuns 152 Mise. 2 2 Astragalus asper 153 isc. 3 Astragalus hians 154 Mise. 2 2 Astragalus leontinus 155 Mise. 1 1 Astragalus uralensis 57 Coll. 1 Athamanta Matthioli 23 Coll. 1 Avena sterilis 189 Mise. 2 2 Axyris ceratoides 60 Mise. 2 4 Bromelia humili 56 Coll. 1 Bupleurum petraeum 168 Misc, 3 Cacalia laciniata 166 Mise. 3 4 Carduus arabicus 73 Mise. 3 Cassia chinensis 74 Mise. 3 Cassia Crista 72 Mise. 3 4 Cassia multiglanduloss 71 Mise. 3 Cassia rusci JACQUIN’S ICONES PLANTARUM RARIORUM SPECIES REPRESENTED IN VOLUME I—Cont. Pl. no Reference Fasc. no. Name 70 Mise. 3 Cassia sennoides 51 Misc. 2 3 Celosia procumbens 178 Mise. 3 Centaurea Verutum 171 Misc. 3 4 ral eae dichotoma 97 Mise. 2 1 Cistus canariensi 95 Mise. 3 Cistus ohne 98 Mise. 2 1 Cistus foetidus 99 Misc. 2 di Cistus mutabilis 96 Mise. 3 3 Cistus syriacus 118 Misc. 3 4 Citharexylum villosum 104 Coll. 1 Clematis angustifolia 34 Misc. 3 Convolvulus idus 32 Coll. 1 Cortusa Matthioli 1 Coll. 1 Costus arabicus 128 Mise. 2 4 Crambe orientalis 129 Mise. 2 1 Crambe Tataria 164 Misc. 3 Crepis albida 144 Misc. 3 4 Crotalaria ca a 194 Mise. 3 Croton glandulosum 54 Mise. 2 2 Cynanchum extensum 21 Misc. 2 Cynosurus caeruleus 22 Misc. 2 3 Cynosurus domingensis 20 Mise. 2 Cynosurus sphaerocephalus 47 Coll. 1 Cyrilla racemiflora 147 Mise. 3 4 C ten Le Coll. 1 Dais laurifolia 101 Coll. Delphinium urceolatum 82 Coll. 1 Dianthus sylvestris 29 Mise. 3 Di 145 Misc. 3 Dolichos 112 Coll. 1 j recone — 53 Mise. 3 i chites dom 30 Mise. 3 4 Echium basa i 48 Act. helv. 9 2 J laeodendron orientale 55 Scop. Carn. 1 t Eryngium alpinum 169 Misc. 3 upatorium scandens 170 Misc. 2 2 Eupatorium syriacum 89 Mise. 3 4 uphorbia Characias 85 Mise. 3 uphorbia clav 88 Misc. 2 3 uphorbia diffu 87 Mise. 3 4 uphorbia divaricata 86 Coll. 1 Euphorbia linifolia 100 Mise. 3 4 Fothergilla Gardeni 150 Mise. 3 Galega ochrole 131 Mise Geranium glutinosum 134 Coll. 1 Geranium macrorrhizum 133 Mise. 3 Geranium revolutu 132 Mise. 3 Geranium tetragonum 93 Mise. 3 Geum aleppicum 94 Misc. 2 1 Geum rat 2 146 Mise. 3 Glycine caribaea 69 Misc. 2 2 Haloragis alata SCHUBERT Species REPRESENTED IN VOLUME I—Cont. Pl. no Reference Fasc. no. Name 143 Coll. 1 Hibiscus pentacarpos 141 Mise. 3 Hibiscus praemorsus 142 Coll. 1 Hibiscus vi 163 Mise. 3 Hieracium s 149 Misc. 2 1 Hippocrepis ‘alearica 66 Mise. 2 1 Hyacinthus viri 165 Mise. 2 1 Hypochaeris helvetica 114 Mise. 3 Hyptis c 113 Mise. 3 Hyptis wartieliata 36 Coll. 1 Ipomoea hederac 35 Coll. 2 Ipomoea luteola 192 Mise. 2 1 d beau cinerea 191 Mise. 2 ] : nigra 6 Act. helv. 9 1 Lachenalia tricolor 162 Mise. 3 4 Lactuca intybacea 58 Coll. 1 posters! ee sage 106 Misc. 2 1 Lavandula 33 Mise. 3 Tithe Faueifolius 37 Mise. 3 2 Lonicera tart 84 Coll. 1 Lychnis grandiflora 140 Misc. 2 1 Malva balsamica 139 Misc. 3 Malva scoparia 109 Misc. 2 1 Marrubium astracanicum 156 Misc. 3 Medicago carstiensis 198 Misc. 3 3 Mimosa speciosa 120 Mise. 3 arborescens 52 Coll. 1 Nerium coronarium 167 Mise. 2 1 Onopordon acaule 185 Mise. 3 3 Ophrys crucigera 184 Mise. 2 3 $s myodes 180 Misc. 3 Orchis mascula 182 Mise. 3 3 Orchis moravica 181 Misc. 3 Orchis palustris 183 Misc. 3 3 rchis rubra 179 Misc. 3 um caeruleum 12 Mise. 2 3 Panicum coloratum 13 Mise. 3 Panicum maximum ll Mise. 3 Paspalum virgat 187 Mise. 3 Passiflora incarnata 186 Coll. 1 Passiflora ra 115 Mise. 2 2 Pedicularis rosea 151 Misc. 2 2 haca alpina 14 Coll. 1 Phleum asperum 15 oll. 1 Phleum scbbatickdos 110 Coll. 1 Phlomis caribaea 111 ise. Phlomis zeylanica 39 Mise. 2 3 Physalis barbadensis 38 Mise. 3 Physalis prostrata 193 Scop. Carn. 2 Pinus Mughus 8 oll. 1 i um 9 Coll. 1 Piper obtusifolium 28 ise. 3 Plantago aegyptiaca JACQUIN’S ICONES PLANTARUM RARIORUM 13 Species REPRESENTED IN VOLUME I—Cont. Pl. no Reference Fasc. no. Name 27 Misc. 2 3 Plantago Cornuti 26 Misc. 3 Plantago maxima 17 Misc. 2 2 Poa abyssinica 19 Misc. 2 Poa disti 18 Misc. 3 Poa peruvi 92 Misc. 2 3 Potentilla Git adie 91 Misc. 3 2 Potentilla opaca Coll. 1 nus Chamaecerasus 105 Misc. 2 3 Ranunculus canadensis 78 Journ. It. 2 4 plein ponticum 49 Misc. 2 2 Ribes petraeum 195 Misc, 2 2 ‘ons a 196 Misc. 2 2 Ricinus lividus 148 Mise. 3 obinia vesicaria 25 Misc. 3 tubia fruticosa 119 Misc. 2 2 uellia patul 67 Mise. 3 umex glaucus 76 Misc. 3 uta legiti 6 Coll. 1 alvia abyssinica 3 Mise. 3 alvia seroti 7 Coll. 1 alvia spinosa 4 Misc. 2 2 alvia viridis 5 Misc. 2 1 alvia viscosa 59 Mise. 3 4 ambucus racemos 81 Coll. 1 axifraga petrae: 80 Mise. 2 axifraga stolonifera 24 Misc. 2 cabiosa monspeliensis 10 Coll. 1 choenus aaa tus 75 Coll. 1 chotia specios 65 Misc. cilla byetectiaaden 176 Act. helv. 9 1 Sclerocarpus africanus 160 Misc. 4 orzonera taraxacifolia 174 Mise enecio graminifolius 136 Mise 3 da atrosanguin 135 Mise 3 da carpinifolia 137 Mise 2 urit 127 Mise 3 napis millefolia 124 Mise 4 rium hispanicum 122 Mise. 3 4 symbrium m a 123 Mise 4 s onicum 41 Mise olanum acu sais 43 Mise 1 olanum coccineum 40 Misc. olanum corymbosum 42 Mise. 4 olanum fuscatum 46 Misc. 0. — Iycioides 45 Misc. arginatum 44 Mise 3 olanum siranieatonivon 161 Mise onchus fruti 108 Mise 2 tachys canariensis 107 Mise 3 tachys lanat. 68 Mise 4 tellera Passerina 197 Coll. 1 ‘erminalia Catappa 14 SCHUBERT Species REPRESENTED IN VOLUME I—Cont. Pl. no. Reference Fasc. no. Name 121 Mise. 2 2 Thlaspi alliaceum 31 Misc. 3 Tournefortia cymosa 90 Misc. 2 3 Tragia involucrata 157 Mise. 2 1 Tragopogon mutabilis 159 Mise. 3 Tragopogon porrifolius 158 Misc. 2 1 Tragopogon und Coll. 1 Trichomanes canariense 126 Coll. 1 Turritis 175 Misc. 3 4 Verbesina gigantea Mise. 3 Vitis vinifera 130 Mise 3 altheri 2 Misc. 2 1 Wulfenia carinthiaca 173 |L. Suppl. p. 365 Xeranthemum fulgidum 177 Mise. 3 Zoegea aleppica Species REPRESENTED IN VoLUMEs II anp III Vol. i Fasc. an ot Reference pea Name II 620 Coll ) Acalypha pectin Ill 492 Coll 9 conitum Ill 646 Coll 10 Adiantum pe ne Ill 564 Coll 3 Aeschynomene bispinosa! 379 Coll. 2 3 Agave II 378 Col Agave virginica II Coll. 4 Albuca aurea II 442 Coll. 4 Albuca caudata II Coll. - Albuea flaccida II 443 Coll. ! Albuca major II Coll. | Albuca setosa II 439 Coll Albuca spiralis II 6 11 Albuea viridiflora II 445 Coll Albuca viscosa II 365 Coll. 3 f Allium illyricu II 366 Coll. 5 1 Allium striatum II Coll. 2 Allium suaveolens 202 Coll. 4 1 Alpinia comosa Ill Coll. 2 Alyssum gemo: 362 Coll. 4 12 Amaryllis longifolia Ill 465 Coll. 2 Andromeda coriacea? Ill 630 Coll ) Andropogon —~? Ill 631 Coll. E Andropogon un 410 Coll. 13 Anthericum ipa tela toon II 415 Coll. 13 Anthericum exuviatum II 414 Coll. 15 Anthericum filifolium Il 412 Coll. 16 Anthericum ran sn II Coll. 13 Anthericum his pidu II Coll. é Anthericum latvfolium II 413 Coll. 13 Anthericum longifolium Il Coll. 16 Anthericum longi names used by Jacquin in the Collectanea were often changed by him on the pats jwkaes both names are given) and in the text-list (where the dae identifica- synonymy). Wherever such changes occurred we will give in a footnote the ja first used. For example: Aeschynome bispinosa was first called by Jacquin Ae, Sesban. ? A. mariana is the name first used for this species. JACQUIN’S ICONES PLANTARUM RARIORUM 15 SPECIES REPRESENTED IN VOLUMES II anp III—Cont. Vol Pl asc. 7 jn ey Reference 4 Name II 407 Coll. li Anthericum nutans II 418 Coll. 1 Anthericum physodes II 416 Coll. 1 Anthericum pilosum II 406 Coll. 1 Anthericum II 405 Coll. : 1 Anthericum pugioniforme II 417 Coll. 1 Anthericum pusillum Il 403 Coll. : 1 Anthericum rostratum Il 419 Coll. § Anthericum subtrigynum II 411 Coll 1 Anthericum undulatu Ill 499 Coll. 4 1 Antirrhinum parviflorum III 608 Coll. 3 Aristolochia barbata III 586 Coll. Arnica glacialis Ill 613 Coll. 3 Arum helleborifolium II 343 Coll. 2 Asclepias citrifolia Ill 561 Coll. 2 tragalus e pus Ill 619 Coll. 3 8 segonia dichotoma Ill 618 Coll 5 Begonia minor II 644 Coll. 6 Blechnum occidentale Il 314 Coll. 4 Borago zeylanica II 307 Coll. 8 Buddleja capitata II 351 Coll. é Bupleurum arborescens Ill 581 Coll. 1 Cacalia peucedanifolia Ill 580 Coll Cacalia villosa Ill 583 Coll. 2 C Ill 596 Coll. C alersdala. at arborescens Ill 553 Coll. 4 Camellia japoni II 334 Coll. ‘ : Campanula Zoysii Ill 579 Coll. Carduus acaulis III 615 Coll. 4 1 Carex hermaphrodita Ill 460 Coll. ¢ 1 Cassia polyphylla Ill 459 Coll. 2 6 Cassia sensitiva II 339 Coll. ‘ Celosia virgata Ill 497 Coll. ‘ Celsia line II 344 Coll. 2 2 Chenopodium caudatum II 345 Coll. 2 3 Chenopodium Ill 629 Coll. 4 10 Cissampelos smilacina Ill 501 Coll. é ) Cithare II 294 Coll. é } Commelina longicaulis II 293 Coll. 3 : Commelina mollis II 315 Coll. 2 onvolvulus crenatus II 316 Coll. 4 12 Convolvulus —— lll 585 Coll. 2 Conyza carolin Ill 595 Coll. £ 2 Coreopsis artemisiaefli Ill 594 Coll. 2 y Coreopsis Il 504 Coll. 5 14 Geanihe seine II 352 Coll. 4 12 C Umbella IT 363 Coll. 5 16 Crinum tenellum Ill 621 Coll. 1 5 Croton punctatum Ill 622 Coll. 5 14 Croton pungen: II 447 Coll. 4 12 Cyanella orchidiformis II 342 Coll. 2 1 Cynanchum carolinense 16 SCHUBERT SPECIES REPRESENTED IN VOLUMEs II anp III—Cont. Vol. Pl Reference Fase. Name no. no oO. II Coll. 4 9 Cynanchum monspeliacum II 341 Coll. 1 1 Cynanchum obliquum II 298 Coll. 2 8 Cyperus sci s II 299 Coll. 3 8 Cyperus di Il 297 Coll. 3 8 Cyperus longus Il Coll. 3 6 reid inte tenuiflorus II 295 Coll. 12 Cyperus viscosus , III 467 | Allion.pedem.| 16 Draneha atroeitiods no. 1545 il 627 Coll. 2 8 Dioscorea ars III 626 Coll. 2 6 Dioscorea villos III 559 Coll 2 Dolichos scinaciformis III 560 Coll. 2 Dolichos gladiat Ill 614 Coll. 3 ) rstenia Crainaoivn 448 Coll. 2 3 Dracaena terminalis Ill 612 Coll. - 10 stra lanceaefolium 77 Coll 16 Drimia c II 373 Coll 1! Drimia clate II 375 Coll 1 Drimia me II 374 Coll 14 Drimia pusilla II 376 Coll 16 Drimia III 502 Coll 16 Duranta Plumi 312 Coll é Echium hate ap i 305 Coll 4 Elymus Hystri III Coll P Epidendrum pa aes Ul Coll. ; 10 Epidendrum elongat 421 Coll 16 riospermum lanceaefolium II 420 Coll 16 ospermum latifoliu 422 Coll 16 permum parvyifolium II 509 Coll. 5 15 rodium ribif Il 508 Coll. 4 1 rodium trilobatum 347 Coll. 1 ngium aquaticum 449 Coll. 4 16 ucomis bifoli Il 486 Coll. 3 : ugenia baruensis III 582 Coll. 2 2 upatorium my sg Ill 481 Coll. 2 y uphor ngulat. ill 480 Coll. 2 uphorbia edie tawat Ill 482 Coll 5 uphor' ia literata Ill 485 Coll é uphorbia nicaeensis Ill 479 Coll . uphorbia aoa Ill 477 Coll : uphorb Ill 478 Coll 3 uphorbia plier Ill 484 Coll : uphorbia pun Ill 476 Coll. 13 uphorbia soostli{olih IIT 483 Coll. 2 3 phorbia IIT Coll. 2 4 umaria acaulis II 291 Coll. 4 16 Galaxia ovata 292 Coll. & 16 Galaxia plicata Ill 574 Coll. 2 Galega ca capensis III 575 Coll. 2 3 Galega cinerea Ill 576 Coll. 4 1 Galega dubia ' For this species the name E. heterophylla was first used by Jacquin. | ] | / : | | JACQUIN’S ICONES PLANTARUM RARIORUM SPECIES REPRESENTED IN VOLUMES II anp III—Cont. Vol. PI Fase. as ae Reference ve Name III 573 Coll. 2 3 Galega filiformis Ill 572 Coll. 2 5 Galega longifolia Ill 457 Coll. 1 2 Gaura frutico: Ill 557 Coll. 2 4 Genista hispanica Ill 556 Coll. 2 4 Genista sericea Ill 546 Coll. 2 3 Geranium argenteum II 259 Coll. 4 13 adiolus alatus II 256 Coll. 5 16 Gladiolus reljeray II 269 Coll. 4 13 Gladiolus a I 252 Coll. 4 9 Gladiolus aacuite 240 Coll. 5 13 Gladiolus bic 249 Coll. 4 13 Gladiolus brevifolius 200 Coll. 2 7 Gladiolus car 267 Coll. 5 14 Gladiolus cri 257 Coll. 5 16 Gladiolus cuspidatus 268 Coll. 4 13 Gladiolus fissifolius 254 Coll. 4 13 Gladiolus floribundus 258 Coll. 4 13 Gladiolus galeatus 246 Coll. 4 14 Gladiolus gracili 236 Coll. 2 7 Gladiolus gramineus 250 Coll. 4 13 ladiolus hirsut 242 Coll. 4 16 Gladiolus hyalinus 234 Coll. 4 10 Gladiolus iri 55 TIN Bee een eg 16 Gladiolus iridifolius var. 232 Coll. 4 13 Gladiolus lace 262 Coll. 5 14 Gladiolus aatined 263 Coll. 14 Gladiolus lonpifloras var. 2 Coll. 4 13 Gladiolus Meri 231 Coll. 5 16 Gladiolus Merianus var. 2. Coll. 4 13 Gladiolus m 237 Coll. 4 9 Gladiolus hos 238 Coll. 4 7: — ieatas var. angusti- oliu 247 Coll. 4 1: Gladiolus punctatus 241 Coll. 5 lf Gladiolus 261 Coll. 5 If Gladiolus 27 Coll. 4 : Gladiolus silenoides 260 Coll. 5 i diolus striatus 239 Coll. 3 9 Gladiolus sulphureus 248 Coll. 3 ) Gladiolus tenellus 243 Coll. 4 } ladiolus tristis var 2 Coll. ; Gladiolus tristis var 245 | Coll. 4, no. 457 ) Gladiolus tristis 264 Coll. } Gladiolus tubatus 265 Coll. 5 ) Gladiolus tubatus var 266 Coll. 3 ) Gladiolus tubiflorus 229 Coll. 4 10 Gladiolus tubulosus 251 Coll. 3 ; Gladiolus undulatus 23 Coll. 3 9 Gladiolus Watsonius 34 Coll. 2 Go na brasiliensis Ill 591 Coll. 1 2 Gorteria asteroides 18 SCHUBERT Species REPRESENTED IN VOLUMES II anp I]]—Cont. Vol tg B Fasc. pla fade erent ane Name II 338 Coll. 3 ) Gronovia scandens Ill 461 Coll. 2 3 uilandina Moringa II 335 Coll. 7 Hamellia chrysantha Ill 565 Coll. ) Hedysarum gyran Ill 568 Coll. 16 edysarum muricatum Ill 567 Coll. 3 Hedysarum pictum Ill 566 Coll. 8 ysarum vespertilionis Ill 506 Coll. j Heliophila integrifo II 453 Coll. 2 Helonias p Ill 551 Coll. 8. Hibiscus diversifolius Ill 550 Coll. 10 Hibiscus domingensis Ill 578 Coll. : ieracium incarnat' II 309 Coll. 6 ypecoum littorale II 371 Coll 1é poxis obliqua II 367 Coll. : ¢ ypoxis plicata II 369 Coll. 4 € ypoxis serrata II 372 Coll. £ xis sobolifera II 368 Coll. 4 Hypoxis stellata II 370 Coll. £ : is Vi II 310 Coll. - 10 | igustrina Ill 571 Coll. 2 } ndigofera dendroides II 570 Coll. 2 ndigofera hendecaphylla II 569 Coll. 2 ) ndigofera hirsuta 317 Coll. ‘ moea angustifolia 318 Coll pomoea leucantha 319 Coll. ; pomoea og 220 Coll. 4 10 Tris flaviss 222 Coll. + ) Tris trieuapia 221 Coll. ¢ 15 ris 223 Coll. 10 i nica 273 Coll. : 16 tay ——e 279 Coll. 4 1 Ixi 271 Coll. ¢ i xia 2 deel 272 Coll. 4 ) Ixia chloroleuca 288 Coll. 4 ) xia corym 290 Coll. £ } xia cruciata 276 Coll. - ) xia faleata 289 Coll. ) Ixia fenestrata 274 Coll. } i 282 Coll. 16 Ixia incarnata 281 Coll. xia lancea 278 Coll. } Ixia leucantha 275 Coll. ) xia polystachya 287 Coll. 1 Ixia punicea 286 Coll. 3 Ixia purp’ Be ee 1 Ixia purpurea var. 280 Coll. 5 1 Ixia radiat 285 Coll. 3 Ixia cael j 277 Coll. 4 16 Ixia secunda ] 283 Coll. 4 y Ixia uniflora ee) Sree ear Coll. 3 7 ] ! This species was first called I. linearis by Jacquin in the Collectanea. JACQUIN’S ICONES PLANTARUM RARIORUM 19 SpEcIES REPRESENTED IN VoLUMES II anp II]]—Cont. Vol. PL. Fase. : fox one Reference meg Name I 623 Coll. 1 Jatropha gossypifolia 205 Coll. 3 5 ieee — ta 206 Coll. 4 6 Justicia 204 Coll. ¢ 13 Justicia puich errima I 628 Coll. 2 2 Kiggelania integrifolia 300 Coll. « f Kyllinga incompleta ] 381 Coll. 1 Lachenalia oe 391 Co. 1 Lachenalia 382 Co 1 pean hyacinthoides 401 Co 1 Lachen t 402 Co 14 Lach oadia lanceaefolia 387 Coll. 5 1! Lachenali 395 Coll. 4 is Lachenalia luteola 392 Coll. 3 ( Lachenalia mediana 390 Coll, 3 ( Lachenalia orchioides 383 Coll. 3 ¢ Lachenalia orthopetala 384 Coll. - i Lachenalia pat 400 Coll. ; 6 Lachenalia pendula 397 Coll. 2 ( Lachenalia punctata 393 Coll. 5 12 Lachenalia purpurea 388 Coll. 5 1 Lachenalia purpurocoerulea 385 Co. 1 Lachenalia illa 386 Co ( Lachenalia pustulata 396 Co lf Lachenalia quadricolor 398 Co 1! chenalia rubida 399 Coll. lf Lachenalia tigrina 389 Coll. 1 Lachenalia unicolor 394 Coll. 4 Lt Lachenalia violacea 349 Coll. 1 ‘ Laserpitium peucedanoides Ill 464 Coll. 2 ‘ Ledum latifolium Ill 588 Coll. % f Leysera gnap Ill 602 Coll. 4 10 Fr bso altum! Ill 603 Coll. 4 10 modorum diurnum Ill 463 Coll. ¢ L Tinea Leiwinee 353 Coll. ¢ } Linum african 313 Coll. 4 12 | thadeorinas tenure III 597 Coll. | ) Lobelia siphilitica 203 Coll. 13 uopezia mexi III 549 Coll. ¢ 5 Malachra alceaefolia Ill 548 Coll. 7 3 Vialachra fasciata Ill 470 Coll. 2 ; Malpighia coccigera III 469 Coll. 4 10 Malpighia glandulifera 337 Coll. 4 1 Mangifera indica Ill 498 Coll. 4 10 VManulea tomentosa 201 Coll. 4 i Maranta lutea II 452 Coll. 5 1 felanthium eucomoides II 451 Coll. 5 1 Melanthium junceum II 4 Coll. 4 ) felanthium pesruinscang Ill Coll. 2 ‘ Vielochia cara Ill 487 Coll. 2 esem pryanthemum — Ill 488 Coll. 2 uneifolium 1 Limodorum tuberosum is the name used for this species in the Collectanea. 20 SCHUBERT Species REPRESENTED IN VOLUMES II anp III—Cont. Vol. Pl Fasc. a se Reference ros Name Ill 489 | L. Sp. Pl. 698} 2 Mesembryanthemum pomeridi- anum Ill 632 |. Coll. 4 12 Mimosa caracasana Ill 633 Coll. 4 12 | Mimosa portoricensis II 226 Thunb. diss. cf Moraea collina no. 13 II 227 Coll. 3 7 Moraea palmifolia II 225 Coll. 5 16 Moraea sordescens II 224 Coll. 4 9 Moraea veget 228 Coll. ¢ -| Moraea virga Ill 617}: Coll. 3 5 Morus mauritiana 311 Coll. 4 12 Myginda Rhacoma III 625 Coll. 2 1 Myrica segregata III 601 Coll. 3 5 Neotti III 600 Coll. ¢ 9 Neottia speciosa 321 Coll. 4 10 Ochrosia maculata Ul 495 Coll. < 12 Ocymum gratissimum III 455 Coll. : *f Oenothera nocturna III 456 Coll. 14 Oenothera r Ill 598 Coll. 4 Orchis militaris III 599 Coll. 1 Orchis variegata 23 Coll. 8 Ornithogalum caudatum II 435 Coll. 16 Ornithogalum coarctatum II 426 Coll. 4 Ornithogalum co II 428 Coll. 4 Ornithogalum conicum II 437 Coll. 4 Ornithogalum flavescens II 436 Coll. 5 16 Ornithogalum flavissimum II 429 Coll. 1 Ornithogalum fuscatum II 434 Coll. 16 Ornithogalum lacteum II 424 Coll. 8 Ornithogalum latifolium II 438 Coll. 4 Ornith mini II 432 Coll 16 Ornith odor II 430 Coll 16 Ornithogalum polyphyllum II 425 Coll 8 Ornithogalum pyramidale II 33 Coll 16 Ornithogalum secundum II 431 Coll. 2 4 O hogalum suaveolens 427 Coll. 2 4 Ornithogalum tenellum III 472 Co 6 Oxalis multiflora! Ill 473 Coll. 3 6 Oxalis polyphylla Ill 471 Coll. 6 Oxalis rubella Ill 634 Coll. 4 16 Panax aculeatum 302 Coll. £ 16 Paspalum racemosum Ill 606 Coll. é 5 Passiflora cuprea Ill 607 Coll. 2 1 Passi Ill 458 Coll. 4 ll aullinia cauliflora III 552 Coll. é 5 ia urens Ill 535 Coll. 5 15 Pelargonium anemonaefolium Ill 511 Coll. é t Pelargonium astragalifolium? III 3 Coll. 5 14 Pelargonium balsameum Ill 513 Coll. 4 11 Pelargonium barbatum III 1 Coll. 5 16 % betonicum 1 The names prio first = Sor and the agin vt species were: plate 472, Oxalis hirta var.; plate 473, O. versicolor; plate 471, O. h 2 First called Pinang! dagen by ranean JACQUIN’S ICONES PLANTARUM RARIORUM 21 SPECIES REPRESENTED IN VOLUMES II anp III—Cont. Vol. Pl Fase. ae cs pe Reference nen Name Il 530 Coll. 5 14 Pelargonium bullatum Ill 512 Coll. 4 11 Pelargonium carneum III 529 Coll. 5 14 Pelargonium caucalifoliu Ill 523 Coll. 5 14 -elargonium pianiaoceyfalienh Ill 519 Coll. 4 11 Pelargonium ciliatum Ill 528 Coll. 5 14 -elargonium coriandrifolium Ill 526 Coll. & 14 Pelargon oronopifolium Ill 539 Coll. 5 4 -elargonium cortusaefolium ll 522 Coll. £ 15 Pelargoni daucoid Ill 520 Coll. 4 11 -elargonium depressum Ill 540 Coll. 4 ll Pelargonium fuse III 545 Coll. & 14 Pelargonium hermanniaefolium Ill 516 Coll, 4 LE Pelargonium heterophyllum Ill 536 Coll. 5 15 Pelargonium hirtum Ill 532 Coll. 5 14 Pelargoniu ce Ill 533 Coll. 5 4 Pelargonium longicaule Ill 521 Coll. 4 1 Pelargonium ongiflorum Ill 518 Coll. 4 1 -elargon ongifolium Ill 514 Coll. 4 il -elargonium melananthon Ill 534 Coll. 5 16 Pelargonium multicaule Ill 517 Coll. 4 11 -elargon nervifolium Ill 525 Coll. 2 3 -elargonium Oenotherae! III 541 Coll. 4 11 -elargonium patulum Ill 510 Coll. < a4 Pelargonium rapaceum Ill 538 Coll. : 15 -elargonium ribifolium Ill 542 Coll. ‘ 8 Pelargonium seabrum? Ill 544 Coll. 12 Pelargonium ternatum Ill 537 Coll. 15 Pelargonium tomentosum Il 524 Coll. £ 16 Pelargonium trichostemon Ill 515 Coll. + 11 Pelargonium mye bese Ill 527 Coll. 5 14 Pelargonium violareum Ill 558 Coll. 1 Phaseolus exndierectus 301 Coll. ; 5 Phleum Gerardi I 616 Coll. 8 Phyllanthus speci 333 Coll. 4 Phyteuma hemisphaerica 210 Coll. 14 Piper adune 218 Coll. ; 5 Piper bland 212 Coll. ; 5 Piper clusiaefolium 214 Coll. 4 9 Piper cuneifolit 213 Coll. 3 9 Piper mee 215 Coll. 4 11. | Piper m 219 Coll. « 7 Piper Pereskinefolium i 217 Coll. 5 Piper stellat 211 Coll. 16 Piper ner aera 216 Coll. 9 Piper umbellatum ! Coll. 16 Plantago patagonica j Coll. 4 Poa ciliaris 303 Coll. 2 Poa iiccia 380 Coll. 5 16 Polyanthes pygmae: III 642 Coll. 2 6 1 ium alpinum ATT 1 G20 Coll. 9 Polypodium 1 First called Geranium ovatum by Jacq 2 First called Geranium scabrum by Jacquin. uin. 22 SCHUBERT SPECIES REPRESENTED IN VoLUMEs II ann III—Cont. Vol. Pl. c Fasc. ee al Re‘erence ou Name iil 641 Coll. ¢ 8 Polypodium Hippocrepis III | 640 oll. é 10 Polypodium molle lil 643 Coll. ¢ 8 Polypodium multifidum Ill 637 Coll. 4 12 Polypodium phymatodes III 638 Coll. ¢ 8 P eles bead trifoliatum Ill 490 Coll. 2 4 Potentilla salisburgensis Ill 491 Coll. + Potentilla subacaulis Ill 609 Coll. 4 12 Pothos crassinervi Ill 611 oll. 4 9 Pothos digitata Ul 610 Coll. 4 10 Pothos grandifolia Ill 562 Coll. 4 10 Psoralea bipedunculata Ill 563 Coll. ¢ 12 Psoralea phymatodes III 645 Coll. 2 1 Pteris caudata Ill 474 Coll. é § Reseda f Ill 475 Coll 2 Reseda mediterranea Coll. 4 Rhamnus volub Ill 593 Coll. 12 Rudbeckia ala Ill 592 Coll. 12 udbeckia amplexifolia 209 Coll. 2 Salvia pseudococcinea 348 Coll. 1 Sanicula marylandica III 494 Coll 4 Satureja ru Ill 466 Coll 9 Saxifraga mutata III 496 Coll. 3 7 Selago fasciculata Ill 587 Coll 1 Senecio rosmarinifolius Ill 7 Coll. 2 3 Sida palm Ill Coll. 2 3 Sisymbrium lippizense 323 Coll. 4 ll Solanum aggregat II Coll. 2 1 anum carolinense II 322 Coll. 2 3 Solanum diphyllum II 324 Coll. 3 9 num fu we II 328 Coll. 4 10 lanum gigante’ II 329 Coll. 2 1 Solanum lanceaefolium IT 330 Coll. ¢ 11 Solan i II 326 Coll 3 Solanum spetifiodti II 327 Coll. 1 Solanum peruvianum II 325 Coll. 10 Solanum stellatum II Coll. 1 Sola: virgini 350 Coll. 6 Spananthe paniculata Ill 555 Coll. 3 Spartium dec 308 Coll. 11 Spermacoce hirta Ill 584 Coll. 9 Spilanthus exasperata Ill 493 Coll. 5 14 Stachys rugosa Ill 468 Coll. 3 6 Stellaria osa 359 Coll. 16 Strumaria angustifolia II 361 Coll. 7 Strumaria filifolia® II 356 Coll. 5 16 Strumaria linguaefolia II 358 Coll. 5 16 Strumari II 357 Coll. 6 Strumaria trunca II Coll. 5 16 Strumaria undulat II 320 Coll. 4 12 fae 8” beens persicariae- olia 1 Corrected from Pothos palmata nd Jacquin. 2 Corrected from Genista humifus 3 First called Leucojum cima a I a a cia ai al Gill ac a SARE LIEN REE SF AE AES LE EE a TE ee ae ee MED SMITH & SCHUBERT,—STUDIES IN THE BEGONIACEAE 23 SPECIES REPRESENTED IN VOLUMES II anp I[II—Cont. Vol. Pl Fase. . ns a Reference en Name II 354 Coll. 4 9 Tradescantia erecta 355 Coll. 3 fé Tradescantia multiflora III 577 Coll. 2 3 Tragopogon capensi lil 648 Coll. 2 4 Tremella clavariaeformis III 647 Coll. 2 6 Tremella junipe III 462 Coll. 4 9 Tribulus maximus III 624 Coll. 2 4 richosanthes a chagean ey 454 Coll. 5 16 T rrigloe hin bulbos II 207 Coll. 2 4 Verbena iets 208 Coll. 2 2 Verbena prismatica III 500 Coll. 3 8 Volkameria Kaempferi Ill 636 Coll. 3 8 Zamia ae. olia III 635 Coll. 3 8 Zamia integrifolia Ill 589 Coll. 5 11 Zinnia elegans Ill 590 Coll. 5 11 Zinnia tenuiflora 2—STUDIES IN THE BEGONIACEAE,—I. By LymMAN B. Situ & BERNICE G. SCHUBERT A—MIScCELLANEOUS NOVELTIES (Plates I and IT) rosin s BISERRATA Lindl., var. glandulosa Smith & Schubert, var. no ramis juvenilibus petiolis pedunculis pedicellis et ovariis Sr oaulcaanct MEXICO: Siaiane: wet cliffs, near Acapulco, June 25, 1935, O. M. Clark 7223 (NY, TyPE; phot. G). Breconia (§ BrcontastruM) Ekmanii Houghton in ee spec. noy., acaulis, humilis; rhizomate repente, gracili, 3-4 longo, stipulis densissime ‘obtecto: foliis subocbisularibas aa reniformibus, pea cordatis, 18-22 mm. latis, grosse crenatis, 5 utrinque sparsissime pilosis, petiolis gracilibus, 2-4 em. longis, glabris, oe | Ei icslaribes. vix 3 mm. latis, pares yikes ratis, brunneis, membranaceis; pedunculo er erecto, 6—11 cm. lo ongo, glabro: inflorescentiis 1-2-flo oris; bracteis je istantibon, late obovatis, fimbriatis, 2-3 mm. longis, brunneis, membranaceis; pedicellis gracillimis, 9-13 mm. longis; tepalis masculinis 4, albis, integris, exterioribus late ellipticis, obtusis, 10 mm. longis, interioribus angustis, paulo brevioribus; staminibus paucis, 24 SMITH & SCHUBERT columna insertis, antheris ellipticis eee filamentis sane connectivo pro ucto, obtuso; bracteolis femineis nullis; tepalis bifidis; capsula oe 3-alata, alis ME, Tab. CUBA: OrreNnTE: on shaded rocks, Arroyo Bayajd, Sierra Maestra, south of Nagua, alt. 200- 400 m., August 8, 1922, Ekman 14770 (NY, TYPE; phot. G). Begonia Ekmanii is closely related to B. rotundifolia Lam. but differs in its smaller habit, white tepals with the inner staminate ones merely obtuse instead of emarginate and its small number of stamens. Brconia (§ BEGONIASTRUM) militaris Smith & Schubert, spec. nov., > 18-21 cm. alta; rhizomate repente, haud ultra 2mm. diametr plus minusve piloso internodiis brevibus sed grange foliis peltatif, late ovatis vel ellipticis, abrupte acutis, 5-6 c longis, 3-4 cm. latis, integris vel levissime undulatis, ee labris, subtus sparse pilosis, petiolis 5-10 cm. longis, gracilibus, pilosis, stipulis persistentibus, ad 1 cm. longis, anguste triangu- laribus, in seto acuminatis, brunneis: pedunculo folia superante; inflorescentia laxissime subsecundeque paniculata, glabra; brac- mox deciduis, parvis, late ellipticis; pedicellis gracillimis, ad 81 mm. soaisic: tepalis masculinis 4, integris, exterioribus ellipticis, 6 mm. longis, roseis, interioribus lineari-obovatis; staminibus in oribus, connectivo producto, obtuso; bracteolis femineis ellip- ticis, ovarium Irina ayy Are tepalis femineis 5, anguste ellip- ticis, eateare ds ntegris, ad 7 mm. longis, exterioribus roseis; stylis 3, brevi ar biedie: ae Vite gneierd placentis bipartitis; capsulis sents ake duabus vis lunatis, tertia anguste triangulari patente, 14-17 mm. tata Tab. II. GUATEMALA: Atra Verapaz: on banks and among rocks, Chamé4, alt. 270 m., May 15, 1920, H. Johnson 178 (US, TYPE; CM, 1sotyp#; phot. '@). In habit Begonia militaris resembles species of section Magnusia but its tepals place it in Begoniastrum. It is easily distinguished by its peltate leaves and one-sided inflorescence. Brconta (§ Macnusia) plantaginea Smith & Schubert, spec. nov., rhizomate brevi; foliis snes aeeregatis, laminis rectis asymme etricis, lanceolatis vel anguste ovatis, acuminatis, basi inaequaliter cordatis, 6-12 cm. Einiiin: 2-6 cm. latis, integris, carnosulis, supra glabris, subtus ad nervos pilosis, petiolis 4-14 a alec cali ale STUDIES IN THE BEGONIACEAE 25 cm. longis, dense ferrugineo-pilosis, stipulis persistentibus, an- guste ovatis, setoso-acuminatis, 7-8 mm. longis, integris, brun- neis, chartaceis; scapo gracili, 3-6 cm. longo, dense _ piloso; inflorescentia pauciflora, abbreviata, quam foliis multo breviori; bracteis deciduis, ovatis, 5 mm. longis, integris, brunneis, mem- branaceis; pedicellis gracillimis, ‘ad 25 mm. lon gis; floribus albis; tepalis masculinis 2, late ellipticis, ad 12 mm. longis, integris; staminibus in columna brevi connatis, antheris oblongis, quam filamentis longioribus, connectivo producto, late obtuso; brac- teolis femineis ignotis, verisimiliter nullis; tepalis femineis 2, eis masculinis similibus sed minoribus; stylis 3, alto connatis, breviter bifidis; ovario icailney, placentis bilamellatis, undique ovuliferis; capsula perjuvenili solum c ognita, verisimiliter de- flexa, ellipsoidea, inaequaliter trialata, ala maxima ovata, obtusa, ad basin capsulae versus extensa, reliquis marginiformibus. Tab. I MEXICO: Carapas: Finea Irlanda, May, 1914, Purpus 7295 (G, TyPE; Mo, US, Isorypss). In most respects Begonia plantaginea appears close to 8. ludicra, but it has a definite if short staminal column and the leaves are never lobed. Breonta (§ Beconrtastrum) rhodochlamys Smith & Schubert, spec. nov. e fragmentis solum cognita sed verisimiliter fere glauca; caule simplici, fere recta; foliis valde asymmetricis, oblique ellipticis, palmate 7-nerviis, paulo lobatis (tum venis primariis tum secundariis in lobis terminant), ad 17 em. longis et 19 em. latis, petiolis 7 cm. longis, stipulis mox deciduis, ignotis; pedunculis axillaribus, 2-7.5 cm. longis; inflorescentia ‘laxe cy- S mm. longis; tepalis masculinis 4, integris, roseis, exterioribus late ellipticis, obtusis, 15 mm. longis, interioribus angustioribus; staminibus numerosis, columna insertis, antheris late obovoideis, neis 5 longis, roseis; Stylis 3, basi connatis, bifidis, stigmatibus spiraliter cinctis; ovario ellipsoideo, placentis bifidis; capsulis 3-alatis, alis duabus minoribus angustioribus, tertia ovata, ad 2 em. lata. ab. I. MEXICO: Micwoacan: Dist. Apatzingan, Rancho Viejo, alt. 650 m., Sept. 18, 1939, Hinton 15190 (G, TYPE). Begonia rhodochlamys is notable for its large petaloid bracts which make the young inflorescences a uniformly brilliant rose. 26 SMITH & SCHUBERT The base of the plant is not known but it is probably tuberous as in B. gracilis and B. Palmeri to which it appears related. Broonia (§ Casparya) Trapa Smith & Schubert, spec. nov., suffruticosa, 1-2 m. alta (! Gehriger), ramis carnosis, mox x gla- acuminatis, basi cordatis, ad 6 cm. longis, 2.5 cm. latis, duplicato- serratis, ciliatis, supra dissite hirsuta, viridibus, subtus pallidiori- bus, ad nervos hirsutis, petiolo 10-25 mm. longo, rai pein stipulis deciduis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, integris, 4-8 longis; pedunculis axillaribus, 2-6 cm. longis; cymis paueifloris, 3-8 cm. diametro, bracteis ellipticis, 8 mm. longis, apice fimbria- tis, deciduis; pedicellis 5-10 mm. longis, rufo-pilosis; tepalis masculinis 4, exterioribus late ovatis, obtusis, apice minutissime fimbriatis, il mm. longis, albo-viridiscentibus, extus sparse hirsutis, apice maculis 3 vel 4 parvis viridibus ornatis, interioribus late obovatis, 8 mm. longis, albis; staminibus ultra 40, liberis, filamentis quam antheris oblongis brevioribus, connectivo valde producto, ovato; bracteolis femineis bracteis similibus sed angustioribus; tepalis femineis 5, minute fimbriatis, 2 exterioribus suborbicularibus, a mm. Jon ngis, interioribus ‘late obovatis, brevioribus; stylis 3, multiramosis; ovario 3-loculato, placentis bilamellatis, undique ovuliferis; capsula lata turbinata, fructum rapae in animo revocans, 6 mm. longa, apice columna brevis- sima late conica aucta, aequaliter 3-cornuta, cornubus parvis, obtusis, verisimiliter horizontaliter complanatis. Tab. I. VENEZU LA: MERIDA: Mucurubaé, Quebrada del Pueblo, by the water or hanging from shady rather moist slopes, 2600 m., tee a) 1930, Gehriger 274 (CM, TrpE; Mo, NY, ISsoTyPEs; phot. G). Begonia Trapa appears to be related to B. trispathulata (A. DC.) Warb. but is easily distinguished from that species by its small leaves, long peduncles, much produced staminal connective and small capsule-appendages. The pistillate flowers of B. trispathulata are not known. BEGONIA URUAPENSIS Sessé & Moc., Bank Rosei Smith & Peer var. nov., inflorescentia puberu eru URANGO: no further iC caliy 1310 m., August 15, 1897, Rose 2297 (US, typr, NY, 1soryrs; phot. G). STUDIES IN THE BEGONIACEAE 27 B—BecGonia OF SESSE AND MociNo (Plate IT) Through the courtesy of the Chicago Natural History Museum the material of Begonia of Sessé and Mocifio! has been made available for study by the authors. As stated in a previous paper on some of the Sessé and Mocijio collections’, usually two speci- mens of each number exist, one of the Herbarium of the Madrid Botanic Garden, the other of the Chicago Museum. Unless otherwise specified all numbers listed are in both herbaria, and except in cases of mixed collections the herbaria will not be desig- nated; where mixtures occur however, the herbarium of the Madrid Botanic Garden will be designated—(Mad.) and the Chicago (Field) Museum—(CM). The following list is of the species of Begonia described by Sessé and Mocifio; only one, B. uruapensis is now maintained; following each of the other names is the earlier name (of which it is a synonym) which must be taken up. B. tuberosa, Pl. Nov. Hisp. 162 (1890); Fl. Mex. ed. 2: 218 (1896) = B. gracilis HBK., var. Martiana (Link & Otto) A. DC. B. syphillitica, Pl. Nov. Hisp. hee (1890); Fl. Mex. Di 2: 219 (1896) [as B. syphilitica] = B. monoptera Link & Ott B. macrophylla, Pl. Nov. Hsp. "162 ee 0); Fl. Mex. ag. 2: 219 (1896) = "B. Barkeri Knowles & Wes ‘on Pl. Nov. Hisp. 163 100): Fl. Mex. ed. 2: 219 _ palmata, Pl. Nov. Hisp. 162 (1890) = B. biserrata Lindl. B. peltata, Fl. Mex., ed. 2: 219 (1896) = B. nelumbiifolia Schlecht. & Cham B. repens, FI. Mex. ed. 2: 219 (1896) = B. glabra Aubl. B. decandra, Fl. Mex. ed. 2: 219 (1896) = B. decandra Pav. ex ADE, Identifications of all the specimens and both taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the species are given here. For the sake of simplicity the species considered will be taken up in alpha- betical order. ! This material was aka by Sessé, Mocifio, Castillo and Moldonado during the period 1787—1795—18 2B. G. Schubert, psi of Sessé and Mocifio (in part) in ContTrip Gray Herp, cxxxy. 112, 113 (1941) 28 SMITH & SCHUBERT B. ancustitopa A. DC. in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4. xi. 126 (1859); Prod. xv!. 307 (1864). B. dentata Pav. ex A. DC. 1. ¢. in synon. The specimen which is probably a portion of the type-collec- tion of this species is number 4509 (Mad., and represented by a fragment at CM, their number 849973). Another collection, 4510 (composed of three sheets Mad. and one CM, their number 851084) is mixed. Although the material of 4509 and 4510 is all labeled B. palmata, only the specimens of one full sheet and por- tions of two others belong to that species which will be discussed under B. biserrata. The material here treated as B. angustiloba has been most frequently identified as B. bicolor S. Watson, a name which now must be reduced to synonymy. B. Barkert Knowles & Westc. Fl. Cab. iii. 179, t. 135 (1840). B. megaphylla A. DC. in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser 4. xi. 133 (1859); Prod. xv!. 341 (1864). B. macrophylla Sessé & Mocinio, Pl. Nov. Hisp. 162 (1890); Fl. Mex. ed. 2: 219 (1896), non Lam. Encye. i. 394 (1783). The specimens numbered 4501 compose a mixed collection and only the fragment consisting of one leaf in the Chicago Museum collection (their sheet no. 850010) is B. Barkeri (B. macrophylla Sessé & Mocifio). Material of number 4501 in the Madrid col- lection is another species (B. uwruapensis), and is considered ow. B. BiseRRATA Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. ii. 313 (1847). 8B. palmata Sessé & Mocifio, Pl. Nov. Hisp. 163 (1890), non Don Prod. Fl. Nepal. 223 (1825). B. palmaris A. DC. in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4. xi. 126 (1859); Prod. xv!. 307 (1864). B. palmata Pav. ex A. DC. 1. ¢. in synon. Material of this species is numbered 4510 (a mixed collection noted under B. angustiloba, of which one full sheet, Mad. and CM no. 851084, p.p. belong here) and 4520. B. pEcANDRA Pav. ex A. DC. in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4. xi. 122 (1859); Prod. xv!. 288 (1864); Sessé & Mocifio, Fl. Mex. ed. 2: 219 (1896). This species was said by Sessé and Mocifio to come from Puerto Rico. DeCandolle (Prod.) reported it from Mexico with some doubt. O. E. Schulz (in Urb. Symb. Ant. vii. 9 (1911) ie SERB Ware sot LR NS Sic bet 3 Sik oy SiS eS a at oo a “is STUDIES IN THE BEGONIACEAE 29 said: ‘Specimen originarium . . . sine dubio a Sess et MociXo in Portorico nec a Pavon in Mexico est collectum’’. The type is in herb. Boissier. The material we have seen is numbered 4515, Mad.; CM, fragment only. B. EXTRANEA Smith & Schubert in Conrris. Gray HERB. exxvil. 27, tab. 2, fig. 16-18 (1939). These specimens are labeled with an unpublished name which need not be taken up. The Madrid material numbered 4516 and labeled ‘‘21-8”’ [unpublished name] ‘'4516” and the CM fragment (no. 850051) are that part of a large and mixed collec- tion belonging here. B. euaBra Aubl. Guian. ii. 916, t. 349 (1775). B. repens Sessé & Mocifio, Fl. Mex. ed. 2: 219 (1896), non Lam. Dict. i. 394 (1783). Material numbered 4512 (CM, 849972, fragments of 2 leaves) and another fragment, 4948, p.p. (CM, 847798; Mad. pocket material, p.p.) seems to be the only material of this species, but the identity is quite clear. B. eracitis HBK., var. Marriana (Link & Otto) A. DC. Prod., xv. 309 (1864). B. tuberosa Sessé & Mocifio, Pl. Nov. Hisp. 162 [t. 427, ined.] (1890); Fl. Mex. ed. 2: 218 (1896), non Lam. Dict. i. 393 (1783). B. Martiana Link & Otto, Ic. Pl. Rar. 49, t. 25 (1828). Material of this variety, which is glabrous throughout, is numbered 4503, 4504 and 4505. On one of the Madrid sheets numbered 4503 there is a small specimen of B. gracilis, var. nervipilosa A. DC. (1. ¢.), obviously not included in the descrip- tion of B. tuberosa. B. HERACLEIFOLIA Schlecht. & Cham. in Linnaea v. 603 (1830). There is only one sheet of this material (Mad.), number 4511. It is labeled with a name never published by Sessé & Mocifio nor used for any plant of the New World. Although the name was used by Graham for an Old World species there seems no need to give it any status here. B. MANrIcATA Brongn. ex Cels. in Journ. Jard. xi. 104 and 256, tab. s. n. (1842) [Ann. Fl. et Pom.]; l’Hort. Univ. iv. 33 (1843); Cels. ex Vis. Orto de Padov. 135 (1842). Material of this species is numbered 4508. Although not so 30 SMITH & SCHUBERT scaly as some specimens there is no question of the identity of the material. A name not later published by Sessé & Mocifio ap pears on the labels but since it has been published and used for a South American species it will not be given here. B. MONOPHYLLA Pavon ex A. DC., Prod. xv!. 284 (1864). B. unifolia Rose ex Trelease in Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard. xv. 80 (1904). This species has been considered earlier! and the assumption made then on the basis of study of the type-photograph is now confirmed by study of the material. There are two collections, one, number 4517 is labeled B. monophylla and the other, number 4518 which is identical with it, labeled with an unpublished name. B. MonopTERA Link & Otto, Ic. Pl. Rar. 27, t. 14 (1828). B. reniformis Pav. ex A. DC., Prod. xv!. 308 (1864) in synon. B. syphillitica Sessé & Mocifio, Pl. Nov. Hisp. 162 (1890); Fl. Mex. ed. 2: 219 (1896) [as syphilitica]. Collection-number 4516 (Mad.) labeled ‘1889 21.2” ‘‘ Begonia Reniformis”’ is this species in small part; another sheet of the same number (Mad.) is also this species in small part. Of two specimens numbered 4516 (CM) one, (their no. 851104) is this species and another (their no. 851083) with “ Begonia reniformis 1889” is this species, excluding the pocket material. The Madrid specimen 4513, which is labeled B. reniformis also be- longs here. B. NELUMBIIFOLIA Schlecht. & Cham. in Linnaea v. 604 (1830); A. DC. Prod. xv'. 343 (1864). B. peltata Sessé & Mocifio. Fl. Mex. ed. 2: 219 (1896) non Otto & Dietr. Allgem. Gartenzeit. 1x. 58 (1841), nee Hassk. in Hoev. & DeVriese, Tijdschr. x. 133 (1843), nee A. DC. in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 4. xi. 138 (1859), nec Elmer, Leafi. Philipp. Bot. vii. 2556 (1915). Number 4506 (Mad.) belongs here; also the fruiting material of 4943 (Mad.). B. oaxacana A. DC., Prod. xv'. 312 (1864). This material, number 4519, labeled with an unpublished name, is fragmentary, but sufficient for identification here. B. pustutata Liebm. in Kjoeb. Vidensk. Meddel. [Mexic. Begon.] for 1852. 6 (1853). 1 Smith & Schubert in Conrris. Gray Hers, exxvii. 26 (1939). a STUDIES IN THE BEGONIACEAE 31 Only one collection, consisting of a few leaves and a scrap of inflorescence in a pocket of 4943 (Mad.), belongs here. B. relicta Smith & Schubert, spec. nov., e bo sare solum cognita, herba cum caule simplice in speci m; caule striato glabroque; foliis oblique nce oc cum Ss Soy lateribus plerum- que lobatis, basi cordatis, chartaceis, glabris undique, marginibus minutissime laxeque de nticulatis et puberulentibus, cum venis praecipuis (plerumque 5) existitis palmate, diffunditur dichotome et in apicibus loborum terminantibus, 5-9.5 cm. longis, 7-12 em. raed stipulis mox deciduis in speciem, nullis visis; petiolis orbiculato-ovatis cum apice late acuto et basi aliquatenus ae funde lobato, poner denticulatis supra medium, circa 7 mm. longis et 8mm. | atis, duobus interioribus tenuissimis, acute, circa 4.5 mm. ings et 1.5 mm. latis, staminibus numerosis, cnr liberis, antheris orbiculatis, pedicels 2-4 mm. longis; oribus femineis valde immaturis. oe type of the species and the ae eee we have seen is Sessé, Mocifio et al., no. 4507 (CM, no. 850042, Mad.). The CM sheet is labeled with a name not published by Sessé & Mocifio but later used by another author for a Brazilian species. Close study of the material has eliminated it from a place in any known Mexican species. Its closest relative seems to be B. extranea Smith & Schubert, a member of the section Huszia. B. TovARENsIS KI. in Monatsb. Berl. Acad. 122 (1854) [March]. Material of collection 4516 (CM, no. 851083, p.p.; Mad. 2 sheets, p.p.) belongs to this species. B. urRvAPENSIS Sessé & Mocifio, Pl. Nov. Hisp. 162 (1890); Fl. Mex. ed. 2: 219 (1896). B. asteroides Smith & Schubert in Contris. Gray HERB. exxvii. 30, t. 2, fig. 28-30 (1939). One specimen numbered 4500 (Mad.) and one 4501 (Mad., excluding CM 850010 which is noted under B. Barkeri), both of which were identified as B. macrophylla, and two numbered 4502 are B. uruapensis, the only species of Sessé & Mocifio we have been able to maintain. 32 SMITH 3—STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE—XIII By Lyman B. SmitrH (Plates III and IV) Aechmea (Lamprococcus) brevicollis, spec. nov., acaulis, stolonibus elongatis procreans; foliis paucis, subdistiche imbri- catis, utrinque adpresse albo-lepidotis, vaginis magnis, utriculum graciliter ovoideum formantibus, ovatis, ad 16 cm. longis, inermi- bus, laminis ligulatis, acutis, basi paulo angustatis, 12-25 cm. longis, 16-26 mm. latis, planis, spinis patentibus 2-3 mm. longis laxe armatis, exterioribus valde reductis; scapo gracili, in utriculo fere omnino occultato; scapi bracteis ellipticis, acutis, membra- naceis; inflorescentia dense pauciramosa, 5 cm. longa; bracteis primariis lanceolatis, acutis, spicas superantibus, laxe serrulatis, albo-flocculosis; spicis distiche 5-7-floris, flexuosis, paulo floccu- losis; bracteis florigeris navicularibus, ad 7 mm. longis, quam ovariis multo brevioribus, minutissime apiculatis, integris, tenuibus; floribus sessilibus, suberectis, aureis (! L. Williams); sepalis late rotundatis, basi ad 1 mm. connatis, lobis ca. 2.5 mm. longis; petalis sublinearibus, obtusis cucullatisque, 10 mm. longis, basi ligulis binis fimbriatis auctis; ovario cylindrico, 10 mm. longo, tubo epigyno magno, placentis apicalibus, ovulis apiculatis. Tab. III, fig. 1, 2. VENEZUELA: Amazonas: epiphytic, Maroa, Rfo Guainfa, alt. 127 m Feb. 11, 1942, L. Williams 14267 (US, ryrn; phot. G); Cerro Yapacana, upper Rio Orinoco, alt. ca. 100 m., April, 1931, Holt & Blake (G, mae ‘ COLOMBIA: Uaupss: dense forest, San Felipe, Rio Negro, alt. ” an. 29, 1930, Holt & Gehriger 336 (US; phot. G, “doubtfully see ‘ee he cause of the poor Scnulitiee of the inflorescence). Aechmea brevicollis is most nearly related to Ae. corymbosa (Mart.) Mez, but differs in its much shorter sepals, well developed floral bracts and cylindrical ovary. Billbergia amoena (Lodd.) Lindl. var. viridis, var. nov., petalis omnino viridibus. BRAZIL: Esprrrro Sanro: terrestrial in the shade, Santa Tereza, July 27, 1939, M. B. & R. Foster 246 (G, rypr). Billbergia chlorantha, spec. nov., florifera 35 cm. alta (si inflorescentia pendula erigitur); foliis 3 dm. longis, utrinque aa AI I Rel Se NM SR Os SS EN TO FY SU SE a oe eS ee STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE 33 densissime adpresseque albido-lepidotis, pallide viridibus, pur- pureo-maculatis, vaginis ellipticis, quam laminis bene latioribus, laminis ligulatis, ultra 3 cm. latis, ad basin versus paulo angusta- tis, apice rotundatis breviter mucronatisque, spinis subrectis ad 2 mm. longis laxe armatis; scapo gracili, curvato, mox glabro; scapil bracteis erectis, amplis, imbricatis, ellipticis, apiculatis, vivis albidis (! Foster), dense adpresseque albo-lepidotis; in- florescentia paniculata, 17 cm. longa; bracteis primariis eis scapi similibus, magnis, flores ante anthesin occultantibus; ramis brevibus, 1—2-floris; bracteis florigeris suborbicularibus, apicu- latis, haud 2 mm. longis; floribus sessilibus; sepalis oblongis, obtusis, paulo asymmetricis, 16 mm. longis; petalis linearibus, obtusis, 4 em. longis, omnino albido-viridibus, basi ligulis binis fimbriatis auctis, stamina superantibus; staminibus_liberis, pollinis granulis ellipsoideis, reticulatis, siccis sulcatis; ovario cylindrico, 15 mm. longo, tubo epigyno nullo sed lacunis tribus profunde infundibuliformibus inter carpella collocatis; placentis linearibus; ovulis caudatis. Tab. III, fig. 3-6. BRAZIL: Esprriro Santo: Santa Tereza, cep rt July 28, 1939, cultivated and flowering Jan. 1942, /. B. & R. Foste 7 287 (G, TYPE). In the shape of its inflorescence, Se chlorantha closely resembles B. Sanderiana E. Morr., but it has minute floral bracts and wholly green petals. The caudate character of the ovules is rare in the genus and the presence of three pockets between the carpels instead of an epigynous tube is most unusual throughout the Bromeliaceae. Billbergia leptopoda, spec. nov., florifera 3-4 dm. alta; foliis paucis, breviter tubuloso-rosulatis, interioribus 2-3 dm. longis, subtus lepidibus albis adpressis vestitis, pallido-maculatis, vaginis ellipticis, magnis, pallide purpureis, laminis ligulatis, acutis, 25-35 mm. latis, spinis ad 2 mm. longis laxe armatis; scapo erecto, gracili, glabro; scapi bracteis erectis et supremis imbrica- tis, lanceolatis, acutis, 4-5 cm. longis, roseis; inflorescentia simplicissima, erecta, pauciflora, laxa, glabra; rhachi gracillima, geniculata; bracteis florigeris eis scapi similibus, minimum ovarium superantibus; floribus divergentibus; pedicellis gracili- bus, 5-20 mm. longis; sepalis anguste ellipticis, rotundatis minute apiculatisque, 18-21 mm. longis; petalis linearibus, apice 34 SMITH atro caeruleo excepto viridibus, 35-45 mm. longis, stamina superantibus, basi ligulis binis serratis auctis; pollinis granulis ellipsoideis, eporatis; ovario ellipsoideo, 13-17 mm. longo, fere laeve, tubo epigyno crateriforme, distincto, placentis linearibus, ovulis obtusis. Tab. ITI, fig. 7, 8. BRAZIL: Esprriro Santo: terrestrial a near the ground on tree trunks, rahe Tereza, alt. 765 m., July 28, 1939, M. B. & R. Foster 304 (G, coryPE); AS GmRAES: on shaded rocks, Gob. Valadores (Figueiro), by the Rio Doce, Ful ‘28, 1940, M. B. & R. Foster 765 (G, TY This species is distinguished ‘i the closely related Bull- bergia Lietzei E. Morr. by its spotted leaves and broadly rounded sepals. Catopsis nutans (Sw.) Gris. var. robustior var. nov., scapo erecto vel suberecto, robustiore, ad 3 mm. diametro; scapi bracteis minus remotis vel aliquis paulo imbricatis. GUATEMALA: ee ag ace Cerro Brujo, in vicinity of Rio rere ered Montafia Montenegro, near village of Brujo, alt. 1500-2000 m., Nov. 1, 1939, Steyermark 30960 (Chinen Museum); Sg toate along aid ro wd between Finca Pirineos and Patzulin, alt. 1200-1400 m., Feb. 9, 1941, Standley 87157 (CM, TyPx; Gy epiphyte, lower south-facing slopes of Volcan Santa Marfa between Finca Pirineos and Los Positos, between Santa Marfa de Jestis and Calahuaché, alt. ‘ipo eee m., Jan. 8, 1940, Siasermar’ 33803 (CM). Catopsis pedicellata, spec. nov., florifera ad 6 dm. alta; foliis multis, cyathiformi-rosulatis, ad 2 dm. longis et 45 mm. latis, subellipticis, cum vaginis vix distinctis, acutis vel subacutis apiculatisque, angustissime pallido-marginatis, glabris; scapo erecto, gracili; scapi bracteis ellipticis, acutis, erectis et supremis exceptis imbricatis; inflorescentia laxe tripinnatim paniculata, 19 cm. longa; bracteis primariis ovatis, acutis, parvis; ramis suberectis, laxe florigeris; bracteis florigeris late ovatis, pedicellos paulo superantibus; pedicellis gracilibus et valde distinctis, 1-1.5 mm. longis; sepalis late ellipticis, obtusis, subsymmetricis, 2.5 mm. longis, tenuibus; petalis 5 mm. longis, delapsis solum cognitis; staminibus naihies capsula gracili, acuta, 12-13 mm. longa. Tab. IV, fig. GUATEMALA: Pit Se rate sit in pine and oak woods, southern slope near top of pine ridge, Cerro Tixixi, 3-5 miles north of Jo cotan, alt. 500-1500 m., Nov. 10, 1939, Rianauk 31641 (CM, entice phot. G). Catopsis pedicellata is unique in the genus in its slenderly pedicellate flowers. STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE 35 Greigia Steyermarkii, spec. nov., terrestris; caule robusto, 2.4 m. longo; foliis 1 m. et ultra longis, patentibus vel adscendentibus, vaginis anguste triangulari-ovatis, atro castaneis, extus membrana albida obtectis, intus subglabris, ad apicem versus spinis atris robustis ad 4 mm. longis subdense armatis, laminis linearibus, longe acuminatis, basi paulo constrictis canaliculatisque, ad 3 cm. latis, supra glabris, subtus albido- lepidotis, spinis pallidis ad 1.5 mm. longis armatis; inflorescentia densa, pauciflora; bracteis exterioribus triangulari-ovatis, acu- minatis, pungentibus, atro-castaneis, albido-lepidotis, grosse serratis; bracteis florigeris lanceolatis, acuminatis, integris, carinatis, pungentibus, 26 mm. longis, a sepalis superatis, albo- lepidotis, ad apicem versus castaneis; floribus 4 cm. longis; sepalis bracteis florigeris similibus, 22 mm. longis; petalis 30-32 mm. longis, albis (! Steyermark); staminibus styloque inclusis. Tab. IV, fig. 2. GUATEMALA: Zacapa: by little stream in cloud forest, upper slopes along Rio Repollal to summit of mountain, alt. 2100-2400 m., Jan. 12-13, 1942, Fsbo 42558 (CM, Trpx; phot. G). In my key (Contrris. Gray Hers. xcviii. 8), this species comes out next to G. Macbrideana from which it differs in its shorter floral bracts and its sepals with a terminal rather than a subapical mucro. Tillandsia brachycaulos Schlecht. var. multiflora, var. nov., robustior; spicis elongatis, sublaxis, ad 4-floris. Tab. IV, fig. 3. GUATEMALA: Zacapa: trail between Rio Hondo and waterfall, alt. 250— 400 m., Oct. 10, 1939, Steyermark 29465 (CM, Trpx; phot. G). Tillandsia deflexa, spec. nov., acaulis; foliis crateriforme rosulatis, ad 8 dm. longis, vaginis ellipticis, viridibus, utrinque obscure punctulato-lepidotis, laminis ligulatis, acuminatis, 35 mm. latis, supra glabris, subtus punctulato-lepidotis; scapo deflexo, 4 dm. longo; scapi bracteis foliaceis, erectis, densissime imbricatis; inflorescentia laxe bipinnatim paniculata, 2 dm. longa, glabra; bracteis primariis inferioribus subfoliaceis, vaginis suis spicas aequantibus vel superantibus; spicis patentibus, lanceola- tis, acutis, complanatis, 6-7 em. longis, haud 2 em. latis, ca. 6-floris; bracteis florigeris erectis, dense imbricatis, lanceolatis, acutis, 5 em. et ultra longis, acute carinatis, subcoriaceis, sub- 36 SMITH lucidis; floribus sessilibus; sepalis lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, 28 mm. longis, posticis alte connatis; petalis staminibusque ignotis; capsula sepala subaequanti. Tab. IV, fig. 4, 5. fotb ip dela oo San Marcos: above Finca El Porvenir, up Cerro de Mono, uth-facing slopes of Volcdin Tajumulco, alt. 1400-1700 m., Mar. 9, 1940, Seapernitre 373890 (CM, TyPE; phot. G). In its hanging lax inflorescence, Tillandsia deflexa is reminis- cent of T. Standleyi, but it has nearly concolorous leaves with ligulate blades, larger floral bracts and connate posterior sepals. Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. var. rotundata, var. nov., inflores- centia globosa; bracteis primariis suborbicularibus, apiculate: spicis ovatis, complanatis, 4-6 cm. longis; pees florigeris cucullatis, ex sicco plus minusve rugosis. Tab. I GUATEMALA: Zacapa: San Lorenzo, alt. 1600 m., Jan. 24, 1942, Steyer- mark yore (G, ee HUEHUETENANGO: Carrizal, Aug. 17, 1942, Steyermark 50809 ean igs ee S HON a propia epiphytic in forest near El Achote, above the plains of fSiguotepeaue alt. 1350 m., July 15, 1936, Yuncher, Dawson & Youse 5897 (CM). This variety is easily distinguished by its very short broad primary bracts and spikes. Tillandsia Krukoffiana, spec. nov., e fragmentis solum cognita, verisimiliter bimetralis vel ultra; foliis verisimiliter rosulatis, ad 8 dm. longis, vaginis subellipticis, ca. 2 dm. longis, utrinque dense minuteque ferrugineo-lepidotis, laminis ligulatis, acutis vel acuminatis, 6 cm. latis, glabris; scapo ignoto; inflorescentia maxima, brcaine 3-pinnatim paniculata; axibus gracilibus, glabris; bracteis primariis ovatis, acutis, 4 cm. longis, quam basibus sterilibus elongatis ramorum es brevioribus; ramis patentibus, ad 35 cm. longis, basi bracteis sterilibus 1-5 auctis; bracteis secundariis eis primariis similibus sed paulo minoribus, quam spicis subduplo brevioribus; spicis patentibus vel deflexis, anguste lanceolatis, acutis, complanatis, 45-65 mm. longis, 10-15 mm. latis, subdense 5-7-floris, basi bracteis sterilibus reductis binis auctis; bracteis florigeris imbricatis, ellipticis, acutis, ad apicem versus carinatis, ad 25 mm. longis, sepala bene superanti- bus, subchartaceis, valde nervatis, utrinque dissite obscureque lepidotis; floribus subsessilibus; sepalis ellipticis, 19 mm. longis, nervatis, glabris, posticis carinatis, ad 4 mm. connatis; petalis staminibusque ignotis. Tab. III, fig. 9-11. STUDIES IN THE BROMELIACEAE 37 BOLIVIA: La Paz: Prov. 8. Yungas, basin of Rio Bopi, San Bartolome (near Calisaya), alt. 750-900 m., July, 1939, Krukoff 10503 (G, rypE; NY). There can be little doubt that Tillandsia Krukoffiana belongs in the subgenus Allardtia, where its elongate branches and spreading to reflexed spikes immediately distinguish it. Tillandsia ponderosa, spec. nov., verisimiliter acaulis, florifera 7-8 dm. alta; foliis inflorescentiam subaequantibus, vaginis magnis, ellipticis, flavo-viridibus vel purpureis, utrinque punctu- lato-lepidotis, laminis lineari-triangularibus, acuminatis, 4-5 cm. latis, utrinque lepidibus adpressis cinereis centro brunneis dense vestitis; scapo erecto, valido; scapi bracteis foliaceis, magnis, erectis, densissime imbricatis; inflorescentia densissime bipin- natim paniculata, ponderosa, late ellipsoidea vel subglobosa; bracteis primariis suberectis, subfoliaceis, vaginis suis suborbicu- laribus, quam spicis axillaribus bene brevioribus, laminis spicas infenores superantibus; spicis breviter stipitatis, late lanceolatis, acutis, complanatis, ad 15 cm. longis, 4 cm. latis, ca. 8-floris; beasties florigeris erectis, dense imbricatis, ad 55 mm. longis, sepala superantibus, ellipticis, acutis, acute carinatis, leviter incurvatis, coriaceis, laevibus vel leviter nervatis, glabris, vivis rubris vel aureis; sepalis liberis, oblongis, late acutis, 4-5 cm. longis; petalis linearibus, purpureis; antheris exsertis. Tab. IV, fig. 8, 9 GUATEMALA: Et Progreso: hills north of Finca Piemonte, between hice: Piemonte and summit of Voledin Santa Luisa, alt. 3 m., Feb. a summit of ridge, below Finca Alejandria, alt. 1700-2000 m., Oct. 12, 1939, Steyermark 29797 (CM, TYPE); upper slopes along Rio Repollal to summit of mountain, Sierra de las Minas, alt. 2100-2400 m., Jan. 12-13, 1942, Steyer- mark 42570 (G, CM); JALAPA: epiphyte in cloud forest on top, Voledn Jumay, north of Jalapa, alt. 1300-2200 m., Dec. 1, 1939, Steyermark 32318 (CM); UEHUETENANGO: on oak tree on upper slopes, La Sierra (Tujimach), across river ng San Juan Atitdn, Sierra Bf los Cuchumatanes, alt. 2500-2900 m., Sept. 8, 1942, Siesernaeh 51999 (G, ee North American species, Tillandsia ponderosa keys out to the vicinity of 7. Bourgaei, but differs in its stouter inflorescence, larger glabrous spikes and free sepals as well as in several other obvious characters. Actually it is probably more nearly related to T. imperialis, although it fails to arrive there in the key because of the relatively short sheaths of its primary bracts. 38 SMITH Tillandsia tricolor Schlecht. & Cham. var. picta, var. nov., foliorum vaginis plus minusve pallido-maculatis. Baga EMALA: Aura VERAPAz: on tree, along Rfo Polochic, above Tamaht, ca. 1200 m., April 10, 1941, Standley 92046 (CM, TYPE). Vriesia pycnantha, spec. nov., florifera 7-8 dm. alta; foliis cyathiformi-rosulatis, fere 6 dm. longis, vaginis ellipticis, ultra 10 em. longis, basi atro-castanea excepta viridibus, lepidibus minutis brunneis dissite vestitis, laminis ligulatis, acutis apicu- latisque, 3-4 em. latis, planis, omnino viridibus, supra glabris, subtus minute obscureque lepidotis; scapo erecto, 1 cm. diametro; scapi bracteis erectis imbricatisque, foliaceis vel subfoliaceis; inflorescentia simplicissima, perdensa, oblongo-elliptica, com- planata, 8-14 cm. longa; rhachi recta, suleata, rhachis inter- nodiis 6 mm. longis vel minus; bracteis florigeris juvenilibus solum cognitis, latissime ovatis, subacutis apiculatisque, 35 mm. longis, ad apicem versus paulo carinatis, tenuibus, valde rugosis, dissite brunneo-lepidotis, pallido-viridibus; floribus nullo modo secundis; pedicellis 3-4 mm. longis, valde angulatis; sepalis late oblongo-ellipticis, paulo asymmetricis, truncatis vel paulo retusis, 18 mm. longis, basi carinatis, subcoriaceis, glabris, castaneis; petalis staminibusque ignotis; capsula graciliter ellipsoidea, 35 mm. longa, seminum coma pulchre rubro-brunnea. Tab. IV, ts 10-12. GUATEMALA: gr pcg rae na epiphytic, high barranco along Rio Samald beaver n Santa Maria de Jestis and Calahuaché, alt. 1200-1300 m., Jan. 9, 1940, fiemek 33902 (CM, sratbon phot. G). Its rugose floral bracts and simple inflorescence would appear to place Vriesia pycnantha among the species around V. gladioli- flora, but it is unlike any of these in the delicate texture of its floral bracts and in the extreme density of its inflorescence with floral bracts 6 to 8 times as long as the internodes. Minar A OT GEE EIEN DCL IO SOI Fig. — . — So SRS Sem. pp 39 C. VARGAS C., EXPLANATION OF Puate III AECHMEA BREVICOLLIS L. B. Smith (L. Williams 14267), primary. bract and spike ] BILLBERGIA CHLORANTHA L. B. Smith (Foster 287), section of inflorescence X 14. Same, sepa Same, longitudinal section of ovary X 1. a. 5. BILLBERGIA LbrroroDa L. B. Smith (Foster 765), habit x 1. Same, sepal ‘TILLANDSIA esta L. B. Smith (Krukoff 10503), branch of inflorescence X x \%. Same, spike Same, sepals < fi EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV CaTopPsiIs PEDICELLATA L. B. Smith (Steyermark 31641), old flower with capsule X 1. GREIGIA STEYERMARKIT L. B. Smith (Steyermark 42553), floral ract and ~— iE TILLANDSIA BRACHYCAULOS morgen var. MULTIFLORA L. B. Smith (Steyermark 29465), s si TILLANDSIA DEFLEXA con (Steyermark 37390), primary ILLANDSIA FASCI i Be. var. ROTUNDATA L. B. Smith (Steyer- mark 60809), Sa esori x} Same, sepal 2. permet PONDEROSA L. B, Smith (Steyermark 29797), inflores- ce X 4% ace a sepal X 1. Mesacra PYCNANTHA L, B, Smith (Steyermark 33902), apex of leaf x Same, inflorescence K 14. Same, old flower vith capsule X 1. 4—TWO NEW SPECIES OF BOMAREA FROM PERU C¥sar VARGAS C. (Plates V and VI) My recent collecting and investigations into the flora of the Department of Cuzco, Peru, and in particular, a critical study of the genus Bomarea of the Amaryllidaceae have led me to propose new species from this region, two of which are the following: 40 C. VARGAS C. 1. Bomarea Herrerae, n. sp. tab. V, caule volubili, ca. 4 m. longo, crasso, pier: arpa foliis lanceolatis, subtus cano- pes ane us, 10 cm. longis et 2 em. latis; radiis umbellae a. 8, bracte oats, paibenibe: 4—6 cm. longis; sepalis oblanceolatis, pene 3-4 longis, 1.2-1.8 cm. latis; petalis spathulatis, aay Parniveosiacdintis ad 1.8 cm. latis; ovario rufo-tomen- tulos I happy to dedicate this species to my colleague and former teacher Dr. Fortunato L. Herrera, as a tribute to his accom- rai in the Department of Botany at the University of uzco. PERU: Cuzco: procede de la Cordillera de Tres Cruces, Paucartambo, 3600 m. alt., octubre de 1941, C. Vargas C., no. 2258 (TYPE in Herb. Vargas, Univ. de Cuzco; ISOTYPES in Herb. Gray. and U. 8. Nat. Herb.). This species is very close to Bomarea superba Herbert (Amaryl- lidaceae, 117, pl. 6, fig. 1 (1837)) for the leaf-shape of both species is similar, however, the leaves of B. Herrerae are not glabrous but pilose; also the two species resemble each other in perianth-color, but B. Herrerae has the petals spotted. There is, in addition, a difference in form and size of segments which I consider of specific importance. 2. B. densifolia, n. sp. tab. VI, caule erecto, crasso, non-nihil curvato in cacumine, glabro vel rufo-to mentuloso, folioso; foliis appressis, lanceolatis, ad 6 em. longis, 1 cm. latis, glabris vel utrinque aureo-pu erulentibus; radiis primariis umbellae ad 8, 1- vel 2-furcatis; bracteis o vato-lanceolatis, 3.5 em. longis, 1. cm. latis; bracteolis oblongis, persistentibus; sepalis linearibus, oblongis, roseis, ca. 5 cm. longis, 1.2 em. latis, nonnihil viridi- tinctis; ae spathulatis sepalis sibasaniitiae, aureo- ve vt Se No allied species in the flora of be ea eee found nor has study of the treatment of the Peruvian species of Bomarea by Killip (in Macbride, Fl. Peru, Field Mus. Pub. Bot. xiii. 633-662 (1936)) revealed any close relatives to B. densifolia. Conrris. Gray Hers. CLIV. Puate I. Bplantaginea BEGONIA Conrris. Gray Hers. CLIV. Puate II. B relicta B militaris BrEGONIA Conrris. Gray Hers. CLIV. Puate III. Fig. 1-2, ArcHMEBA BREVICOLLIS L. B, Sm.; 3-6, BILLBERGIA CHLORANTHA ee = — ; 7-8, B. tepropopa L. B. Sm.; 9-11, TrmLANpsta KRUKOFFIANA de . m, Conrris. Gray Hers, CLIV. Puate IV. Sm.; 4-5, Sm.; 8 ContrRIB. GRAY HERB. CLIV. PLaTE V. BoMAREA HERRERAE Vargas Puate VI, ContrRIB. GRAY Hers. CLIV. —— the Y om 4 C4 en MM pee by, BOMAREA DENSIFOLIA Vargas PETA en a ee a Oo ere or ae alll INDEX New scientific names are printed in full-face type Acalypha pe ietarry 14 Aconitum taur Adiantum stria ci ma ‘i Aechmea (Lamprococcus) brevicol- lis, 32, 39, pl. III; corymbosa, 32 Aeschynomene Risohinea. 14; Sesban, Pree foetida, 14; virginica, 14 Agrostis tenacissima Albuca abyssinica, 10; altissima, 10; aurea, 14: caudata, i4; flaccida, 14; major, 14; setosa, 14; spiralis, 14: m, m striatum, 14; suaveolens, 1 Alpinia comosa, 14 Althaea narbonensis, 10 Alyssum gemonense, 14 14 Andr se pateg coriacea, 14; lucida, 10; mari Andropogon distachyos, 14; undatus, ‘aun fragifera, 10 Anthericum pinediabt latum, 14; exu- Mersanee ae fili erage) 14; 'flexi- sum, 15; praemorsum, 15; ‘pugioni- forme, 15; pusillum, 15; rostratum, 15; subtrigynum, 15; undulatum, Antirrhinum hirtum, 10; parviflorum, 5; versicolor, 10 Aquilegia viridiliora, 10 Arabis ovirensis, 10 Arenaria biflora, 10 ppistepsee bbarbata 15; bilobata, 10 Arnica glac 15 Astr: core asper, iD: @ a 15; pata 10; leontinus, 10; uralensis, Athamanta Matthioli, 10 Avena sterilis, 1 Axyris ceratoides, 10 ee § Begoniastrum, 24; § Mag- usia, 24; angustiloba, 28; aster- oides, 31; igre 27, 28, "31; ; bi- ik , 23, 24, pl. I; extranea, 29, 31; ov 27; 29; gracilis, 26, var. Martiana, 27, 29, var. nervipilosa, 29; hera- cleifolia, 29; ludicra, 25; macro- 28 sh manicata, 29; gaphylla, 28; § Sart ) maiiitacis, 24, minor, ib: monophylla, 30; 3 é lata, 30; rae Bed 31, pl o4§ Begoniastrum) rhodoc , pl. I; reniformis, 30; re rotundifolia, 24; args y 46 30: Caren Ses a ovarensis, 31: ya : pl. os sant oa teg 26; saberoea, 27, 29: anit lia, 30; a pensis, 27, 28, 31, Billbergia neh var. Baca 32; chloran 32, 33, pl. III; leptopoda, 33, 39, pl. hit TLictael, 34; Sanderiana, 3 pibeheam an Aen Bomarea, sera dacuitetis. Ab , pl. VI; Herre 40, pl. V; superba, Borago zeylanica, 15 able humilis, 10 Brom Buddleja capitata, 15 gestae arborescens, 15; petrae- , 10 Cacalia bg a 10; peucedanifolia, — se Calea Catena “phe Seca 15 Caineltin’ ja = Campanula Z ysii, 15 Cusine acaulis, 15: arabicus, 10 (41) 42 INDEX Carex hermaphrodita, 15 assia chinensis, 10; Crista, 10; multiglandulosa, 10; polyphylla, 15; ruscifolia, 10; sennoides, 11; sensitiva Catopsis nutans, var. robustior, 34; llata, 34, 39, Celosia procumbens, 1; Virgata, 15 pene linearis, . Centaurea Veru ll Chenopodium mer he 15; guine- ense, 1 Coepaicoss a dichotoma, 11 Claantietod smilacina, 15 Cistus canariensis, 11; cretensis, 11; foetidus, 11; mutabilis, 11; syriacus, pes yi eae erectum, 15; villosum, Clematis a ot a 11 mmelina ongicaulis, 15; mollis, 15 pomecran ie crenatus, 15; oridus, ts Cortusa Matthioli, 11 Costus arabicus, — —- 15; orientalis, 11; pe a peor ‘Umbell, 15 Crepis albida, 1 Crinum rosie ool 15 tae Croton glandulosum, 11; punctatum, 5; pungens Cyanella orchidiformis, 15 Cynanchum carolinense, 15; ex- um, 11; monspeliacum, 16; ? }ynosurus caeruleus, 11; domin- gensis, 11; sphaerocephalus, 11 Cyperus alternifolius, 16; distans, 16; longus, 16; tenuiflorus, 16; viseo- sus, 16 Cyrilla gsm ia, 11 Cytisus tener, Dais laurifolia, 1 Delphinium Teese pat as: atrorubens, 16; sylvestris, Diodia nic Dioscorea Eiphrils, 16; villosa, 16 ye ae arr gee tas, "16; gladiatus, Dorset: Contrajerva, 16 Dracaena terminalis, 16 Dracocephalum austriacum, 11 Dracontium lanceaefolium, 16 Drimia eee ee yn 16; a 16; pusilla, ndulata Duranta ee 16 Echites domingensis, 11 Echium candicans, 11; glaucophyl- um, Elaeodendron rhe sah 11 Elymus Hystri yi tenn ts scchleatain: 16; elonga- >, 16 Bnogpermam lanceaefolium, 16; lati- folium, 16; parvifolium Erodium Hbifolirn, 16; ‘trilobatum, 16 Eryngium alpinum, 11; aquaticum, 16 Bucomis bifolia, 16 ugenia baruensis 16 myosotifolium, 16; scandens, 11; omen a cake angulata, 16; Characias, 1; einva, Lt; cyathophora, 16; diffusa, 1; divaricata, 11; hetero- 16; pilulifera, 16; punicea, 16; scordifolia, 16: serrata, 16 Fothergilla Gardeni, 11 Fumaria acaulis, 16 Galaxia robetoe 16; plicata eos Galega capensis, 16; a, 16; 5m el a, 16; filiformis, 17: ~ Tongsfotts, men | 17; gated Gaura fru a, 17 Genista itl A 17; humifusa, 22; sericea, 1 ; Geranium argenteum, astragali- folium, 20; glutinosum, 11; ss Geum aleppicum, 11; hy Gladiolus alatus, 17; albidus, 17; anceps, 17; a gustus, 17; bicolor, es “breviftius, a ———— ea idatus i- folive, i7; ‘theiadon t 17; saline 17; gracilis, 17; gramineus, 17; hirsutus, 17; hyalinus, 17; iridi- folius, 17, 17; laccatus, 17; oregg ak AY 7; Meri , 17, ; mucronatus, 17; a ahha 17, var. angustifolius, 17; a a Da a a a a Raa a eae aaa is INDEX 43 punctatus, 17; refractus, 17; roseus, 17; silenoides, 17; striatus, ‘17; sul- phureus, 17; tenellus, Ae trstis, li, var. 17; tabeaus, as 7; tubi i- florus, 17; tubulos air sinaate tus, 7; W: ius, 1 Glycine caribaea, 11 Gomphrena So 17 Gorteria mri ie ie Greigia Mac acyl 35; Steyer- , pl. IV » 86, 3 Gronovia oe ens, 18 Guilandina Moringa, 18 Haloragis alata, 1 Hamellia chrysantha, 1 eee fs Bek, ns, 18; muricatum, : m, 18; vespertilionis 18 Heliggnils. integrifolia, Helonias pumila Hibiscus ae 18; domingen- sis, 18; pen ACATPOS , 12; praemor- sus, 12; virginicus, Hieracium incarnatum, 18; saxatile, SA cate balearica, 12 Hyac nthus viridis, 12 a, 12 Hypoxis obliqua, 18; plicata, 18; serrata, 18; sobolifera, 18; stellata, 18; villosa, 1 Hyptis capitata, 12; verticillata, 12 Ilex ligustrina, 18 — dendrodes, 18; hendeca- phylla, 18; hirsuta, 1 Ipomoea shpwetfolen 18; hederacea, 12; leucantha, 18; luteola, 12; pentap! yila, 18 ris flavissima, 18; tricuspis, 18; t 8; Ml nica, 18 , 18; angusta, 18; pcan ot “18; chloroleuca, 18: corymbos 18; ¢ ruciata, 18; fal- cata, 18; Roewraté, af fragrans ; arnat. 18; 18; radiata, 18; rubro- cyanea, ‘18; ee, 18; eh ach 18; villosa Jatropha gossypifolia, 19 Juglans cinerea, 12; nigra, 12 —- bracteolata, 19; caracasana, ; pulcherrima, 19 Kiggelaria integrifolia, 19 Kyllinga incompleta, 19 Lachenalia ce rege: 19; glaucina, 19; hyacinthoides, 19; ’isopetala, 19; nas Nile. 9; liliflora, 19; luteola, 19; mediana, 19; orchi- oides, 19; orthopetala, 19; patula, : 19; punctata, 19; toc eg 19; Sout age pe 19: usilla, 19; pustulata, 19; quadri- = 19; rubida, 19; tigrina, 19; tri- color, 2: u St » 195 violacea, 19 Bee 8 eS a 19; diurnum, 19; tubero 9 Tansy trifolata, 19 um num, istanthus 5 glaucifolius, 12 Li bar aa 19 Lobelin perphilities, Lonicera tartarica, 1D Lopezia mexicana, 19 iene grandiflora, 12 Malachra alceaefolia, 19; fasciata, 19 Malpighia coccigera, 19; glandulifera, Malva balsamica, 12; scoparia, 12 pie indica 19 Manulea tomen ntosa, 19 Maranta lutea, 19 ium ee 12 Medicago carstiensis Melanthium — 19; junce- 19 Mese oireuithea tain cordifolium, 19; cuneifolium, 19; pomeri um, imosa caracasana, 20; portoricensis, 20; speciosa, Moraea collina, 20; palmifolia, 20; sordescens, 20; vegeta, 20; virgata, 20 Morus mauritiana, 20 yagrum arborescens, 12 Myginda Rhacoma, 20 Myrica segregata, Neottia minor, 20; speciosa, 20 Nerium coronarium, 12 44 INDEX Ochrosia maculata, - Oc gratissimum, 20 Genatticnn nocturna, "30; odorata, 20 Onopordon acaule, Ophrys crucigera, 12; myodes, 12 Orchis mascula, 12: “alite ris, 20; moravica, 12; palustris, 12; rubra 12; variegata, Ornithogalum eaudatum, oe) coare- , 20; comosum, 20; ¢ onicum, 20; flavescens, 20: flavi um, 20; opome 20; lacteum, 20; latifo ium, 20; miniat u 20; polyphyllum, 20; pyram midale, 20; secu +: oe suaveolens, 20; tenellum, 20. eospermum caeruleum, 12 Oxalis irta, 20, var., 20; multiflora, 20; polyphylla, 20; rubella, 20, versicolor, 20 “ Panax aculeatum, 20 Panicum coloratum, 12; maximum, 12 Paspalum racemosum, 20; virgatum, 12 Passiflora cuprea, 20; incarnata, 12; lutea, 20; rubra, 12 Paullinia caulifiora, 20 ‘avonia urens, 20 Pedicularis rosea, 12 Pelargonium anemonaefolium, 20; astragalifolium, 20; balsameum, 20; barbatum, 20; ‘betonicum, 20; bul- 1 21; carneum, a _caueall- folium, 21; chamae: rs ciliatum, 21; coriandrifoium, 21: coronopifolium, 21; cortusaefo 24 um, 21; daucoides, D1; ip ietesatne sai 21; ; to ahs Shalt heger 21; ’ violareum, 21 Phaca alpin heaatie ot san Phleum asperum, 12: “Gerasit, 21; schoenoides, 12 Phlomis caribiee 12; zeylanica, 12 Phyllanthus speciosa, 21 Physalis baa badtenaie 12; prostrata, Phyteuma hemisphaerica, 21 Pinus Mughus, 12 Piper aduncum, 21; blandum, 21; eusiaefolium, "21; cuneifolium, 21: gnoliaefolium, 21; marginatum, he me ps 6 tusifolium, 12; x En 21; stellatum, L: tuberculatum, 21; umbellatum, 21 sa aegyptiaca, 12; Cornuti, 13; 13; patagonica, 2 oa ger ane. 13; ciliaris, 21; disticha, 13; peruviana, 13; sicula, 1 tic bapa pygmaea, 21 Polypodium alpinum, 21; fraxini- ‘slats, D1; ; Hippoe repis, 22: ata e, 22; multi fidu m, 22; phym matodes, 22: trifoliatum, 22 Potentilla sunk 13; opaca, 13; salisburgensis, 22; subacaulis, 2 22 2; digitata, 22; Psoralea aD ican jae le 22; phy- ma 0 Pteris ite. 22 Ranunculus canadensis, Reseda fruticulosa, 22; Scciiteewainla 22 Rhamnus volubilis, 22 Rhodode “onde on aie 13 Ribes aeum, 13 Ricinus fuernies 13; lividus, 13 Robinia ves omg 13 ubia fruticosa, 13 Rudbeckia alata, 22; amplexifolia, 22 sain patula, mex heel 13 Tarte legitima, 13 Salvia abyssinica, 13; pseudococcinea, 22; serotin ; spinosa, 13; fraga mutata, 22; petraea, 15 stolonifera Scabiosa monspeliensis, 13 Schoenus umbellatus, 13 Schotia specios: Scilla i dover 13 Sclerocarpus africanus, 13 rzonera tacagietena; 7 13 Selago fasciculata, oo graminifolius, 13; rosmarini- oli INDEX 45 Sida Scher eune. 13; carpinifolia, 13 ritiana, 13; palmata, 22 Sinapis millefolia, 1 i Sisymbrium hispani cum, 13; lippiz- ense, 22; molle, 13; pannonicum, 13 cer aculeatissimum, 13; aggre- n 2; peru ; stra- ium, 13; aaa 22 Sone hus Eytisoeds ci ae ike 13; Stellaria bulbosa, 22 Stellera Passerina, 13 Strumaria angustifolia, 22; filifolia, 22; linguaefolia, 22; rubella, 22; truncata, 22; undulata, 22 abernaemontana persicariaefolia, 22 Terminalia Catappa, 13 Thlaspi alliaceum, Tillandsia subg. Allardti tia, 37; Bour- gaei, 37; brachycaulos, var. multi- flora, 35, 39, pl. IV; defile =n) 35, 36, 39, pl. Iv; fasciculata, var. rotundata, 36, 39, pl. IV; im- perialis, 37; Krukoffiana, 37; I; ‘ponderosa, Bt, < 9,p ceed i ‘var. 39, pl. IT IV Stan dley yi, 36; 8 Tournefortia cymosa, 14 Tradescantia erecta, 33: multiflora, 23 Tragia involucrata, 1 Tragopogon capensis, 23; mutabilis, 14; porrifolius, 14; undulatus, 14 Trapa, Tremella clavariaeformis, perina, ee ead Feeesegisaten 23 es canariense, 14 AP eiahacaisthven fookidintitna. 23 Triglochin bulbosum, 23° Turritis hirsuta, 14 23; juni- Verbena mutabilis, 23; prismatica, 23 Verbesina ary tg , 14 Vitis vinifera, 14 Volkameria Vacs feri, 23 Vriesia gladiolifors, 38; D eoanentia, » pi. Waltheria indica, 1 Wulfenia beni on 14 Xeranthemum fulgidum, 14 Zamia er pea 23; al 23 Zinnia elegans, 23; ten Zoegea piiniok, Ms CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM. OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY | ies in the Iridaceae,—IIL. I. Three New Genera of South; CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY No. CLV. ISSUED AUG 13 1945 1. Studies in the Jridaceae,—III. I. Three New Genera of South American [ridaceae.. 3 II. The North American Species of Sphenostigma OROE so sicss ke Soe eR ee ee 9 IIE. ‘Fhe Genus Rigidetla Lindl... . 0.02. Ss AS 17 IV. Notes on Mastigostyla Johnston................ 22 V. A Revision of the North American Species of Nemumuierise: Muth o as oe ees ae 26 VI. Miscellaneous Notes and Diagnoses............ 44 VII. Tentative Keys to the Indigenous American Ret i Cee Re ee aes 51 2. A Synopsis of Physostemon Mart. & Zuce............... 55 3. The Rediscovery of Riesenbachia Presl...............-. 60 4. A Note on the Locality-data of Ecklon & Zeyher and TONG 4 aks Se aN Rae tag > ot age ge Soc Shc oy a ae 62 5. Miscellaneous Diagnoses and Transfers..............-- 64 By Rosert C. Foster PUBLISHED BY THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S. A. 1945. 1. STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE,—III. The third paper of this series presents studies of several small groups of American Jridaceac, with miscellaneous notes and de- scriptions of novelties in groups currently under consideration. In addition to the material in the Gray Herbarium (G), I have seen material from the following institutions: United States National Herbarium (US), Chicago Natural History Museum (F), New York Botanical Garden (NY), Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG), Philadelphia Academy of Sciences (P), and the Bebb Herbarium of the University of Oklahoma (QO). To the administrative officers of these herbaria I am much indebted for their generosity in making this material available to me. I. THree New GENERA OF SoutH AMERICAN IRIDACEAE. ‘Among the undetermined, or tentatively determined, speci- mens of South American Jridaceae in the Gray Herbarium, there are several which have puzzled me for some time, and which had, therefore, been set aside for concentrated study. Now that it has been possible to study them in detail, the reason for the in- ability to place them in their proper categories is apparent. Without doing undue violence to generic concepts, they cannot be allocated to any genera recognized at the present time. Nor, indeed, do they seem referable to any known species. Conse- quently, with considerable reluctance, I am erecting three genera to contain the six species here described as new. i. Cardenanthus, gen. nov. Herbae parvae, bulbosae, sub- acaulescentes. Folia pauca, anguste linearia. Inflorescentia subsessilis, spathae terminales, flores perbreve pedicellati. Flores basi enfundisabtoenes, tepala basi in tubo coalita, multo inaequalia, exteriora oblanceolato-spathulata, interiora reducta, subsessiles, ad styli ramos oppositae. Stylus filiformis, trifurca- tus, rami bifid, canaliculati, apice stigmatosi. Capsula semina- que non vi ee C. boliviensis. The four species which constitute this new genus are, at pres- ent, unique in being the only bulbous American irids with a true perianth-tube. The only other New World irids with a true tube 4 FOSTER are Iris, Phaiophleps, Solenomelus, and Chamelum, all of which have a rhizome or a subrhizomatous rootstock. With stamens opposite the style-arms, this genus would fall into either the cypelloid or the tigridioid group. The style, with its canaliculate bifid arms and apical stigmatose areas, is definitely not cypelloid, although the reduced inner tepals and the infundibuliform base of the flower suggest Mastigostyla, which also has a rudimentary perianth-tube. Consequently, Cardenanthus may be placed in the tigridioid group. The name is derived from that of the collector of the first material studied, the distinguished Bolivian botanist, Professor Martin Cardenas, combined with the Greek word for flower. Key a. Inner tepals — at base or apex of claw; perianth-tube 3—4 mm. long. b. Inner tepals 5 mm. long, or less, the linear blade less than .5 mm. wide 1. C. boliviensis b. ie tepals 10 mm. long, the narrowly oblanceolate blade 1.5 mm. wid 2. C. Shepardae a. Inner arg not glandular; perianth-tube not over 2mm ce. Inner tepals narrowly deltoid, to 3.5 mm. long, widest, at e m C. tunariensts c. Inner tepals narrowly oblanceolate, to 8 mm. long, widest, above the middle (1 mm.) PE Aas Oi Aad sean a a Re he . C. Venturit CaRDENANTHUS boliviensis, spec. nov. Herba bulbosa, Be tree seal (caule subterraneo 2-4 cm.). Bulbus ovoideus, ad 2 cm. altus, 1 em. latus, tunicis brunneis, laevigatis. Folia basalia 0; folia caulina 2, spathas subtendentia, inferius ad 9 cm. ongum, im mm. latum, superius ad 4 em. longum, 1 mm. latum, linearia, glabra. Spathae herbaceae, exterior 1.5-2 cm. longa, acuta, interio or 2-2.5 cm. longa, obtusa, retusa, 2-3-f1., florib subsessilibus. Ovarium ca. 3 mm. longum, ellipsoideum, gla brum. Flores coerulei, plus minusve infundibuliformes; peti- ree tubus ad 4 m m. longus cg exteriora ad 1. 4 cm _ longa, (?), parte tumescente 0.75 mm aeons lamina ca. 0.33 mm. lata, non acuminata. Staminum columna 5 mm. see apice ee anthii tubi inserta; ae 5 mm. longae. Stylus ca. 8-9 mm longus; styli rami 3.5 mm. longi, semibifidi, tail nipae atosa ciliata. BOLIVIA: Porc: Potosf, 4000 m. alt., January, 1932, M. Cardenas, no. 124 (rrpx, G). Of this species, the type of the genus, there are no data avail- able as to habitat, but it may, like the next, grow in sandy places- STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 5 Like its congeners, it has small flowers, and great care and pa- tience are necessary for dissecting out the inner tepals and style in which the technical characters are found. So far as can be seen, the blade of the inner tepals is completely linear, with a blunt apex, a marked contrast to the other members of the genus. 2. C. Shepardae, spec. nov. Bulbus ovoideus, 1.5 cm. altus, 0.5-1 cm. latus. Folia basalia 1-2, ad 4 cm. longa, 1 mm. lata, linearia, acuta, glabra; folium caulinum unicum, spathas sub- tendens, ibeeatt farce. a cm. longum, 1 mm. latum, su falcatum. Caulis (plerumque subterraneus) 1-1.5 cm. longus, simplex. Spathae herbaceae, peck “ 2.2 cm. longa, acu- minata, acuta, interior ad 2.5 cm. longa, in — ame retusa, attenuata, 2-f1., edioallt settee Pets ca. 4 ongi. varium ca. 5 mm. lo ongum, ellipsoideum, ne sea "Fons pallide purpurea; perianthii tubus 3.25 mm. longus; tepala ex- teriora ca. 1.5 em. longa, ca. 4 mm. lata, oblanceolato-spathulata; tepala eateries ca. 1 em. longa, 1.5 mm. lata, anguste oblan- ceolata, ad apicem unguis areola ovale glandulosa. Staminum columna ca. 1.1 em . longa; antherae 4 mm. longae. Stylus mm bifidi paene ad basin. PERU: Puno: Huancané: Umuchi, in sandy places, 3125 m. alt., Dec. 10, 1919, Mrs. R. S. Shepard, no. 99 (TYPE, G). Like C. boliviensis, this species has an apparently glandular tumescent spot on the claws of the inner tepals, but at the apex, instead of at the base, and the inner tepals are narrowly oblance- olate, instead of linear. The style-arms are more deeply bifid than is the case in C. boliviensis. 3. C. tunariensis, spec. nov. Planta subacaulescens; bulbus ovoideus, ad 2 em. altus, ca. 1 em. latus. Folium asale unicum, re) 1 em. lo onga, 4 mm. lata, oblanceolata; Boomact ry interiora ad 3.5 mm. longa, ad basin 1 mm. lata, anguste lanceolato-deltoidea vel -subulata, acuta, nnuidnntie eglandulosa. Staminum colu 5 longa; antherae 3-3.5 mm. longae, in tubo subsessiles, penicillato-apiculatae Stylus columnam longitudine aequans; styli r 1 longi, bifidi paene ad basin. BOLIVIA: Dock itiiaa: near a Setand HO Mt. Tunari, 1891, M. Bang, no. 1042 (rrpr, G; coTyPEs, MBG, U 6 FOSTER Unlike the preceding two species, C. tunariensis appears to lack the tumescent glandular areas on the inner tepals. These, more- over, are very distinct from those of C. boliviensis in being broad- est at the base. The type-collection was cited in Mem. Torr. Club vi. 125 (1898) as Nemastylis nana 8. Wats. This is a Mexican species, and its appearance in Bolivia would be most unlikely. It is clear from this identification that no serious at- tempt at dissection of the material could have been made, or, if it were, that the structures seen were completely misinterpreted. C. Venturii, spec. nov. Planta subacaulescens; bulbus ovoideus, 1.5-2 em. altus, 1-1.5 em. latus. Folia basalia 1- 2, ad onga, | m m. lata, linearia, glabra; folium caulinum uni- herbaceae, ad 2.5 cm. longae, vel interior brevior et obtusa, exterior acuta, 2-fl. pedicel ad 5 mm. longi anthesin. Ovarium gs er oy Hal a noid ogi Sse interiora 8 mm. sult 1 mm. lata, lanceolato-lin acuta, ec glandu- losa nec Hiiseeenti Staminum saleaine na m. lo ste antherae in tubo sessiles, 2.6 mm. longae. Stylus po ane longitudine aequans; styli rami 1.5 mm. longi, bifidi0.6 mm. ARGENTINA: Jusuy: Humahuaca: Cerro La Soledad, 3500 m. alt., January 25, 1928, S. V hate, no. 9025 (TyPE, G; isotype, US). Like C. Shepardae this species has narrowly oblanceolate inner tepals, but here these are neither glandular nor even tumescent on the claws. The style-arms are shorter, and bifid for only about one-third of their length instead of being bifid nearly to the base. No data are available as to habitat. ii. Eurynotia, gen. nov. Planta bulbosa, a ag we bulbus tunicatus, tunicis castaneis, laevigatis. Folia pau a, lance lato- linearia. Inflorescentia terminalis, floribus anttg ‘pedicellatis. Flores textura crassa; tepala basi in tubo breve coalita, deinde Filamenta ad basin crassa, breve coalita dead libera; stamina cum styli ramis alterna. tylus crassus, quam partem coalitam filamentorum longus; styli rami percrassi, conduplicati, supra clavato-ampliati, supra medium latissimi, apice retusi, velutini, quam antheras breviores. La seminaque ignota Typr-species: LH. Penlan The name of this new genus is derived from the Greek, ewry- - STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE ‘ notos, broad-shouldered, and has reference to the widening of the style-arms above the middle. In attempting to place this genus by any key, it might be traced to Calydorea, but the points of difference are so marked that, despite its real relationship with that genus, it does not seem possible to include it in that group. The first point to be noted in examining it is the very thick tex- ture of the flower, quite unlike the thin, delicate texture of Calydorea. In the second place, it has a short but definite, thick perianth-tube. The thick filaments are briefly united at the base and the stamens exceed the style-branches. In contrast with the thin, delicate style with thin, canaliculate branches in Calydorea, this plant has a short thick style, with the branches becoming very broad above the middle, conduplicate, and mark- edly velutinous at the retuse apex. Like the style, the branches are exceedingly thick. Without undue flippancy, the entire flower might be said to resemble a Calydorea with general ele- phantiasis. Evurynotia Penlandii, spec. nov. Bulbus ovoideus, 2.5 cm. altus, 1.3 em. latus, tunicae membranaceae. Folia basalia 2, lanceolato-linearia, basi et a apice attenuata, ad 30 cm. longa, 5-8 mm. lata, glabra, plicata; folia caulina 2, inferius 20 cm. py seat 5 5 po £ oo” —} 5 D S.is Ss fo) 3. S ms Ce: ia 2. = oO co S B — are 3. O < rc) a3, i) =| RD BE ca. 5-fl., pedicelli are spathas aequantes. Ovarium obl ongo- ellipsoideum, ca. 4 mm. longum. Flores atroviolacei; tepala ad basin 2.5 mm. coalita in tubo crasso, exteriora ad 2 cm. longa, 1.1 em. lata, ov eben obtusa (apiculata, ?), interiora ca. 1.6 m. longa, 8 mm. lata, ovato-obovata, apice rotundata, longe apiculata. Gtareitiiiai filamenta 1.5 mm. ad basin coalita, supra libera et 2.5 mm. longa; antherae 4 mm. longae. Stylus brevem columnam longitudine aequans; styli rami percrassi, supra medi- um 2 mm. lati complanati, id mm. longi, quam a antheras breviores. : Pr 28, 1939, C. W. Penland & R. y Summers, no. 736 (TYPE, G). Some years ago, this specimen was determined (by me), with some doubt, as Nemastylis Pearcei Baker. At that time, the single flower was firmly pressed in waxed paper, from which it could not be separated without serious injury. Since then, fortunately, the waxed paper has become detached from the flower and it has been possible, for the first time, to make a dis- 8 FOSTER section, with the results given above. Although lacking in the elaborate details of the cypelloid style, the style of this plant is one of the most strikingly distinctive structures in American Tridaceae. iii. Pseudotrimezia, gen. nov. Planta bulbosa, tunicis fibro- sis; ogy er Folia pauca, teretia vel subquadrangulata, fili- formia. e Se aia Be flores pedicellati. Tepala sub- aequalia. Bean 6 um styli ramis alterna; filamenta libera, brevia. Stylus filiformis, deinde trifurcatus, rami simplices canaliculati, so ag stigmatosi Capsula seminaque non visa. YPE-SPECIES: P. The generic name ee si given because of the resemblance which this plant has habitally to many of the species placed in Trimezia. This is especially true of the fibrous tunics of the bulb. However, in Trimezia the stamens are opposite the style- arms, the outer and inner tepals are markedly dissimilar in size and shape, and the stigmas are definitely transverse, being over- topped by two style-crests which are reduced to low cusps. In this new genus, the stamens seem to be alternate with the style- arms (numerous dissections were made to settle this point), the outer and inner tepals are subequal, or at least not markedly dissimilar in size and shape, and the entire (not even subbifid) style-arms have unquestionably apical, not transverse, stigmatic areas. Habitally, it is like many of the species of Trimezia, especially in the rootstock; in technical floral characters, it re- sembles Calydorea. Since it cannot be placed in either genus without too great distortion of generic concepts, it has finally seemed advisable to segregate it. PsEUDOTRIMEZIA Barretoi, spec. nov. Bulbus ovoideo-conicus vel globosus, 1.5-2.5 em. latus, 1.5-2 em. altus, tunicis fibrosis in collum longum productis. Caulis simplex, teres, glaber, 6-22 em. longus. Folium basale unicum, ad 7 cm. longum (vel longius ?), filiforme vel subquadrangulatum; folia caulina 2, anguste spathiformia, paene opposita, tdatine longius, 1.3—4 cm. longa, valde ee 3-6.5 em. infra ee Spathae ot ae ari : paibanature. 1.5 mm. longum shale Plaga obovato-spathulata, ad 1.6 cm. longa, 6 mm lata, obtusa, lute enta 1 mm nee antherae 3—4.5 m longae Stylus 35 mm. longus; styli rami 1.5 mm. longi, apice papillosi. BRAZIL: Minas Gerass: Neco Motta, Diamantina, Ee on ee Ag ae ae Se tears yer Gera ren Map ee ea STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 9 campo logar humido, Nov. 4, 1937, Mello Barreto, no. 9441 (TYPE, G). As has been said, there is no doubt in my mind of the generic distinctness of this plant. There is, however, some question as to whether it may not have been described before by Klatt in his treatment of the genus Lansbergia (now treated as a synonym of Trimezia) in Mart. Fl. Bras. iii (1). 525-527 (1871). Unfortu- nately, Klatt described his first five species as having the style- arms “‘stigmatibus bifidis”’, or ‘‘laciniis trifidis’’, which, if true, would exclude them from Pseudotrimezia. Having had some experience with Klatt’s work on Iridaceae, and having seen speci- mens of two different genera on one herbarium sheet labelled by him as belonging to a third genus, I feel a natural reluctance to accept all his statements without carefully checking them against the types. If the types of the first five species described by him in Lansbergia have been destroyed at Berlin, it may be necessary to start ab initio in this group. This new species, then, is de- scribed with the full realization that there is a strong possibility that it may be reduced to synonymy under an earlier name, when (or if) certain European types again become available. The reasons given previously for excluding P. Barretoi from Trimezia serve also as a bar to the resurrection of Ennealophus N. E. Br. in Kew Bull. 1909: 361 to contain this species. This genus was described from living material, with the following statement concerning the style: ‘Stylus ad apicem trifidus; rami in cristas 3 oblongas fimbriato-dentatas divisi, duabus interiori- bus collateralibus erectis, tertia supra antheras patente, basi utrinque puncto stigmatico instructa.’”’ This description cer- tainly cannot apply to the plant here under consideration, and it seems best to follow Diels, in Engl. & Pr. Nat. Pflanzfam. (ed. 2) xva. 497 (1930), in considering Ennealophus a synonym of Trimezia. Il. Tue NortH AMERICAN SPECIES OF SPHENOSTIGMA BAKER Recently, some determinative work on Mexican specimens of Sphenostigma Baker disclosed the fact that the styles and general floral characters of some of these plants seemed rather familiar. It soon became clear that the style of Sphenostigma longispathum (Herb.) Benth. & Hook. f. is very similar to that of the monotypic 10 FOSTER genus Salpingostylis Small. It also became clear that at least three distinct species were included under the too-inclusive name, S. longispathum. Consequently, it seems desirable to review this small group of plants. The genus Sphenostigma was erected by Baker, in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xvi. 124 (1877), to contain the Brazilian plant originally described as Alophia Sellowiana Klatt in Linnaea, xxxi. 557 (1861-62). Since this was the only species transferred by Baker, it automatically became the type of the genus. On an earlier page of the same long paper, Baker had created the genus Cardi- ostigma (Baker, |. ec. 102), to which he transferred the plant first described as Gelasine longispatha Herb. in Benth. Pl. Hartw. 53 (1840). As this, likewise, was the only species included in the new genus, it is the type. When Bentham and Hooker treated the Iridaceae in their Genera Plantarum, it was apparent that there were several South American species which belonged with S. Sellowianum, while only the one Mexican species of Cardio- stigma was known. It was probably for this reason that, in uniting the two genera, they maintained Sphenostigma, reducing Cardiostigma to complete synonymy. Cardiostigma was treated as a section of Sphenostigma by Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzfam. ii (5). 149 (1888), and as a subgenus by Baker, Handbk. Irid. 105 (1892), and by Diels in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzfam. (ed. 2) xva. 473 (1930). In view of the rotate peri- anth, with the segments subequal, as contrasted with most of the South American species with two more or less dissimilar series of tepals, I am following Baker and Diels in considering the group as a subgenus. With the possible exception of one South Ameri- can species, S. boliviense Baker, which Baker placed in the sub- genus Gomphostigma because of the monadelphous filaments (see his Handbk. Irid. 105), but which has subequal tepals, the sub- genus Cardiostigma is confined to North America, so far as our present knowledge goes. Synoptic TREATMENT SPHENOSTIGMA, subgenus CarprostiagmMa. Bulbous herbs; basal leaves 1-2, narrow, or broad and plicate; stem simple or sometimes few-branched, with 0-2 cauline leaves, bearing termi- nal few-flowered spathes; flowers semi-ce us, the perianth rotate, regular, lacking a perianth-tube, the tepals subequal ; STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 1] filaments free or slightly united at the base, the anther-connective narrow; style becoming trumpet- shaped upwards, appearing unilateral, the stigmas almost ste or on style-arms, these en- tire or partially bifid; capsule and seeds much as in Sphenostigma proper.—Baker, Handbk. Irid. 105 (1892); Diels in Engl. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzfam. (ed. 2) xva. 473 (1930). Cardiostigma Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xvi. a (1877). Sphenostigma, section Cardiostigma (Baker) Pax Engl. & Prantl, Nat Pflanzfam. ii (5)..149 (1888). Gaseageate tes Small in pees N. Y. Bot. Gard. xxxii. 161 (1931); syn. nov. Pecans of the subgenus: S. longispathum (Herb.) Benth. & Hook. f. Kry a. Cauline leaf subtending the spathes; style-arms present and entire, the upper portion of the style and the arms con- spicuously puberulent, the cuneate stigmas coarsely several- toothed, ciliate and puberulent; cauline and basal leaves rous. b. Cauline leaf 12-20 em. long, the blade 2-3 mm. hg a - longispathum b. Cauline leaf 4-8 em. long, the blade 1 Pe wide, Unaiepaibed var. filiforme a. vee leaf not wa bape eee ay spathes; eles arms presen absent, the style glabro é. Gosling leaf (or leaves) et 5-30 cm. long, 0.4-1.8 ¢ e, not r ee coarsely short-ciliate on midribs sane near margins; 0. d. Cauline leaf ‘mirth about 2—7 cm. below the terminal inflorescence and exceeding it; one basal leaf — inflorescence; true style-arms absent, the cunea reniform stigmas se sage (or nearly so) on the style. oo S. mexicanum d. Cauline leaves below the middle of the stem, usua shorter than the Pewter tive style-arms deeply and broadly retuse, Y-shaped, minutely puberulent...... 3. S. Hintonii cence, its apex seldom exceeding the base of the inflores- cence, glabrous; style-arms entire, glabrous, the reniform- ; cuneate stigmas toothed and ciliate; Florida......... 4. S. coelestinum 1. S. tonaispatHuM (Herb.) Benth. & Hook. f. Bulb small, ovoid, to 1 em. diam., the tunics dark-brown, membranous, firm Basal leaf 1, with occasionally a reduced (6 em.) sheath below the true leaf, narrowly lanceolate, acute, glabrous, plicate, 22-32 cm. long , (2) 5-6 mm. wide , sheathing at the base. Stem simple, Bets petites about 2.6-5.3 dm. long, mostly exceeding the basal leaf, bearing at the apex a spathiform cauline leaf, 12-20 em. long, the narrowly lanceolate or linear blade 2-3 mm. wide, the amplexicaul base surrounding the base of the true spathes. Spathes few-flowered (to 4), 5-8 cm. long, the outer one longer or shorter than the inner, the longer ‘ithe acuminate, acute. Pedicels filiform, glabrous, shorter than the spathes. Ovary glabrous, oblong, about 3 mm. long. Tepals about 3 cm. 12 FOSTER long, 1.6 em. wide, obovate, blue es lp onl -blue. Filaments 3-5 mm. long, united at the base for 1-1.5 mm ; anthers oblong, 6 mm. long. Style about 1.5 cm. ion ng, the ‘entire style-arms and stigmas 3 mm. long, the upper portion of the style puberulent; stigmas. cuneate, conspicuously ciliate and puberulous, coarse ely and neecd toothed. Capsule and seeds not seen.—Gen. PI. ii. 695 (1883); Baker, Handbk. Irid. 107 (1892). Gelasine longi- spatha Herb. in Benth. Pl. Hartw. 53 (1840). Botherbe longi- spatha (Herb.) Klatt in Linnaea, xxxi. 564 (1861-62). Calydorea longispatha (Herb.) Baker in Journ. Bot. xiv. 188 (1876). Cardio- stigma longispatha (Herb.) Baker | in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xvi. 102 (1877). Specimens seen:—MEXICO: witha definite lo- cality, eee ye a (G); Guerrero: Taxco, July 12, 1937, Ruth Q. Abbott, 35 (G). Micnoackn: Anganguio, in pascuis montanis, 1840, eee, no. 403 (NY, isotype). Ja.isco: mts. near Bolaiios, 6000-8000 ft., 1935, R. M. Zingg, no. 21 (F). In view of the great variation shown by specimens, in American herbaria, which have been determined as S. longispathum, it has been very fortunate to have an isotype available for comparison. The original description was of a plant 16 inches tall (17 inches to the base of the inflorescence on the isotype), lacking cauline leaves, ‘‘ebracteato”’, the simple stem exceeding the single acu- minate leaf, which was 3¢ of an inch wide (14 on the isotype), with the “outer spathe” 4.5 inches long (4.25 inches on the iso- type), acuminate. To this, Baker added, Handbk. Irid. 107 see), from an examination of the type, that the anthers were 4 of an inch (about 4.2 mm.) long, and the filaments very short. What Herbert regarded as an outer spathe, I have interpreted as a cauline leaf immediately subtending the true spathes. Similar cases have been observed in some South American speci- mens of other genera of the Iridaceae. The style was described as exceeding the anthers, which it certainly does on the isotype, and the stigma as obtusely trilobed, which is correct. On the whole, Herbert’s description, with Baker’s amplifications, is 8° well-supported by the isotype, is so well-matched by such speci- mens as Abbott, no. 235, and is at such variance with others, such as Hinton, nos. 4614, 8010, 13957, and 13996, that I cannot re- gard the latter as conspecific with S. longispathum. One speci- men seen, Zingg, no. 21, is included under the species with some bein It consists of five broken-off flower-clusters, of which two are quite unlike the others in several ways. It is STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 13 possible that more complete material would result in at least varietal segregation. la, 5S. LONGISPATHUM Var. filiforme, var. nov. A S. longispatho folio radicale et folio caulino angustiore, longe oa brevi- ore, et spathae valva exteriore longe acuminato diffe Stem filiform, 15-26 em. long. Basal leaf 12-15 cm. 1. long, 1- .O mm. wide, long-acuminate; cauline leaf 4-8 cm. ong 1 mm. wide, the base more spathiform than in the spec Outer spathe 3.5-4 cm. long, very narrow above the anritike bask ie than 0.5 mm. wide, long-acuminate, much longer than the inner spathe. Tepals about the same size as in the species, but pos- sibly a deeper blue. Filaments about 3 mm. long, united at the base for about 0.5 mm., the anthers 5 mm. long. Style 1.1 em. long, the style-arms and stigmas 4 mm. long, with the shape and puberulence of those of the species. Specimens seen :— I- CO. México: Dist. Temascaltepec: Crucero Agua Blanca, 3170 m. alt., llano, Aug. 30, 1933, G. B. Hinton, no. 4614 (TYPE, G). NAYARIT (Txprc): between San Blascito and Aguacata, Aug. 5, 1897, J. N. Rose (US, no. 842737). As indicated by the diagnosis, this is a much smaller and more slender plant than S. longispathum, so different in its slender stiffness that it is a temptation to regard it as specifically dis- tinct; but I find no significant differences in the technical charac- ters of the flowers to support such a course. Until more material, both of the species and of the variety, becomes available, it seems best to leave it in its present status. 2. S. mexicanum, spec. nov. Bulbus anguste ovoideus, ad 3 cm. longus, tunicis membranaceis atrobrunneis, foe Ae in collum productis. Folia radicalia 2, inferius vagina, longa, superius ad 30 cm. longum, ad 6 mm. tule, ‘tGorsesontians excedens, nervo medio marginibusque breve et crasse era plicatum, acuminatum; folium caulinum 1, ad 24 cm. longum, ad 4 mm. latum, inflorescentiam excedens. Caulis simplex vel onga, acuta, pluriflora, pedicellis filiformibus, apice curvatis. Ovarium glabru m, clavatum, 6 mm. longum. Tepala ad 3 cm. longa, ca. °3 mm. lata, ovata, vel obovata, obtusa. Filamenta libera, ad 4 mm. ae — 7 mm. longae, a subbifidae. Stylus ad 1.6 em. lon antheras excedens; stigmata cuneato- reniformia (vel paene cbeuedatay papillosa, ciliata, apice retusa. Capsula seminaque non visa. MEXICO: México: Dist. Tema- scaltepec: Carboneras, Aug. 20, 1935, Hinton et al., no. 8010 (ryPE, G; isotypes in F, US, MBG, NY); Mina de Agua, 1990 m.., 14 FOSTER Aug. 22, 1932, Hinton, no. 1401 (F, NY, MBG); Bejucos, 610 , Aug. 24 , 1932, Hinton, no. 1453 a US, NY, MBG). Sacuchaitie S. mexicanum shows considerable similarity to S. longispathum (in fact, all material seen was distributed under that name), but there are several marked differences. The basal leaves are much longer, about equalling or even exceeding the inflorescence, and are broader. Below the inflorescence, about 2-7 em., the cauline leaf, similar to the basal leaf, is inserted, while the cauline leaf of S. longispathum immediately subtends the spathes. In S. mexicanum, the cauline leaf is conspicuously set along the midrib and on the ribs close to the margin with a short thick ciliation; this is present, but less conspicuous on the basal leaves. Most of the isotypes show the presence of an axillary branch, at different stages of growth, in the axil of the cauline leaf. The filaments are completely free, and the cuneate- reniform, almost obcordate, stigmas are virtually sessile on the style, while the stigmas are much less conspicuously puberulent than in S. longispathum; true style-arms, such as are found in the first species, are not present. . S. Hintonii, ae nov. Bulbus ignotus. Folia basalia 0 (2); folia Cee 2, me medio inserta, distantia vel paene op- posita a, 0.7-1.8 em mlb plicata, sparse ciliata. Caulis stiles: dirce glaber, ad one em oe inflores- centia ‘segtarmey Spatha exterior ad g: ,_breviter apice cee Cosma asa ata 5 mm. longum. c longae, apice subretusae. ’ Stylus ad 1.5 cm. longus; styli rami 4 mm. longi, apice profunde lateque retusi, lobis 2 mm. long)s, divergentibus, ciliatis, oblongo-spathula tis, antheras excedenti- bus. Cap matura semina ue non visa—MEXICO: Mr CHOACAN: Dist. Coaleoman: Sierra Torrecillas, 2350 m. alt., in a pine forest, July 25, 1939, Hinton et al., no. 13996 (rvPE, G; isotypes, US, NY); Sierra Naranjillo, 1300 m. alt., in oak woods, July 16, 1939, Hinton et al., no. 13957 (G, US, NY). Like S. mexicanum, these collections were distributed as *- longispathum, but the very broad, long, and sometimes nearly opposite leaves, inserted below the middle or near the base of the stem, the apparent lack of basal leaves, and the lack of a long- produced cauline leaf near or subtending the spathes—all serve Ath Re Pe aA Te, TR Eig PP Seay ERE RG eA a ee a en ee eR ee ee Tee ee eT eT eee ~ STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 15 to differentiate it from the other Mexican species. The leaves are less conspicuously short-ciliate than in the case of S. mexi- canum, but the ciliation is present. In addition, there is the important technical difference that the three style-arms are deeply and broadly retuse for half their length, so that a Y is formed by each style-arm. The flowers, as noted by Mr. Hinton, are blue. 4.°S. coelestinum (Bartr. ex Willd.), comb. nov. Bulb ovoid or globose, about 1.5 cm. in diam., the tunics very dark brown. Basal leaves 1-3, with occasionally a short, brownish, reduced sheath below foe shorter than the stem, linear, attenuate, acute, plicate, glabrous, sHeathinn at the base, 4-22 ¢ m. long, 1-4 mm. wide; cauline leaf 1 (rarely 2), reduced sane sheathing at the base, 2.5—9 cm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, borne above the middle of the stem at 5-9 em. below the inflorescence. Stem simple or rarely branched, terete, glabrous, 18-36 cm. long. Spathes closely canta 1- 2-flowered, the outer 2.5—-4 cm. long, the inner 4—5.5 em. long, both acute. Pedicels filiform, glabrous, shorter than he spathes, apically curved at anthesis, brie in ruit. Ovary glabrous, oblong-clavate, about 3 lon Ilowers at most only slightly sd hoa ona subedtil teats blue-purple or violet, with a white o 3.5 cm. long, 1.7 cm. wide, obovate, or siciiest lk wade i hen Filaments free, brous; the entire style-arms and stigmas about 3 mm. long; stigmas reniform or reniform-orbicular, toothed, the teeth ee ciliate. Capsule gus or obovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-2 e : pret Hort. Brit. (ed. 1) 399 (1827). Marica age (Bartr.) Tri Gen. 19 (1827), at least as to n Nemastylis ES sh (Bartr.) Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Boe v. 157 (1835), as to name, but not as to Arkansas plants cited; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soe. Bot. xvi. 103 (1877); Baker, Handbk. Irid. 111 (1892). Beatonia coelestina (Bartr.) Klatt i in Linnaea, xxxi. 567 (1861-62), as to name but not as to plant. Salpingostylis Seite be (Bartr.) Small in Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. xxxii. 161 (1931). Specimens seen:—UNITED STATES: Fiorina: without roaered Mary Treat, in 1877 (G), pine barrens, East Florida, April, 1 Mary Treat (G); Rugel, no. 53 (MBG, US); Duval or Nassau Ces near Thomas Creek, branch of the Nassau River, Herb. Philad. Acad., no. 706650 (P); Clay Co.: Green Cove Springs, Apr. 25, 1883, 16 FOSTER Herb. Everhart (MBG); rhgeorag 5 Island, 7 miles south of Green Cove Springs, May, 1940, Katherine 'B. Canova (P); be- tween Doctor’s Inlet and Orange Park, Apr. 23, 1933, Mary W. Diddell (NY); rather dry flatwoods, Doctor’s Inlet, May 21, 1940, a ae Murrill (MBG), the same locality, June 15, 1939, Murrill BG); 6.5 se northeast of Keystone Heights, ‘May 12, 1939, 3 urrill (MBG); Baker Co.: flatwoods 1 mile north of Manning, May 19, 1940, Maori (MBG); Bradford one 2 miles north of Starke, June 1 i, 1931, J. K. Small (NY), 3 miles north of Starke, 3 soni north of Raiford, Yore 2 , 1940, Murrill (MBG); Putnam : 4 miles north of Palatka on Jax Rd., June 4, 1940, M urrill collected by Bartram west of Kana paha , Alachua (see Harper in Trans. Amer. Phil. an XXXIii iO) 210 1943). From the synonymy given, it can be seen that this species has a long, and rather unfortunate, nomenclatural history. Dis- covered by William Bartram, and reasonably well-figured in his Travels, the name given by him is illegitimate. As Rickett has pointed out, in Rhodora, xlvi. 389-391 (1944), Bartram used a mixture of binomial and polynomial nomenclature, which is for- bidden by the International Rules, so that even his binomials have to be treated as illegitimate. The earliest valid use of the same name which I have found is that of Willdenow, so that the basonym should be cited as Bartr. ex Willd. Since Dr. Small has reviewed the history of the plant in detail, in Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. xxxi. 156-161 (1931), demonstrating that it is amply distinct from Ixia, Marica (now Neomarica), Nemastylis, and Beatonia (now placed in Tigridia), it seems unnecessary to repeat these details, especially since the synonymy given here has all the required bibliographic references. As a result of his studies, especially on living material, Small erected the genus Salpingo- stylis to contain the plant. At the time, it seemed a final dis- position of the species. In the introductory remarks to this study, the resemblance between the styles of Salp. coelestina and Sph. longispathum was noted. The excellent photograph of the former species, in Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. xxxiv. 4 (1935), Small’s figure showing the dis- sected parts of the flower, in his Man. Se. Fl. 326 (1933), in addition to a few well-pressed flowers available to me, in com- parison with the Mexican material of Sphenostigma, leave no UF areas gor Ty eet ee oO roe: : Orne ‘laze ohne Pal Swe yeh Bi Eoe end iets Psi asa we DATO AMD ie ee a ie de Te ais Ion ok Vit Tacs Ai as Pan nt Sa ae * bial cts eee, ree STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 17 doubt in my mind that Salpingostylis must become a synonym of Sphenostigma subgenus Cardiostigma. In both cases, the flowers are semicernuous, with nearly equal tepals, the filaments nearly or entirely free, the style (pendulous and appearing unilateral because of the carriage of the flower, with a subsequent effect of zygomorphy) becoming enlarged upwards (“‘trumpet-shaped”’, as Small says), and the reniform to cuneate or suborbicular stigmas spreading on short erect style-branches, if these latter are present. Consequently, it is with regret that the species is here transferred to the seventh genus in its nomenclatural history. Ill. Tue Genus Rieiwevua LINDL. The necessity for identifying some material of Rigidella has shown that there is some confusion as to specific identities, for most of the material in our herbaria under the name R. flammea Lindl. is not that species. Furthermore, the most distinctive of the three species described has sometimes been treated as a syno- nym of #. flammea, an error apparently originated by J. G. Baker. To clarify the matter, this summary is presente The genus Rigidella Lindl., in Bot. Reg. xxvi. t. 16 (1840), was created to contain the slau therein named R. flammea Lindl. Due to lack of material and an unwillingness to dissect any of the few flowers then available (see Bot. Reg. xxvi. Misc. 35, no. 64), it was characterized at first as having only three large perianth- segments, a point corrected in the Miscellany just mentioned. There, Lindley noted that there were three inner segments about 8 mm. long, ‘‘yellowish orange, ovate, unguiculate, and erect, with the sides rolled inward,’’ these being completely concealed by the convolute claws of the outer segments. A year later, a second species, R. immaculata Herb., and, five years later, a shicit, R. orthantha Lem., were described, corn picting the list of species. These three, (odd i in the mountains of south- ern Mexico and Guatemala, are, even today, rather uncommon in herbaria. The principal features separating this genus from Tigridia are the cernuous flowers, the compact, campanulate cup formed by the claws of the outer segments in two of the species, the very small inner tepals, concealed by the claws of the outer series, or, if apparent, closely appressed against the staminal column, and 18 FOSTER the dorsal appendage on each style-arm below the point of bifid- ness, in the type-species. This appears to be lacking in R. im- maculata and R. orthantha. In its erect flowers, spreading outer tepals, and lack of the dorsal appendages on the style-arms, this last species tends to break down the distinction between the two genera, but its small erect inner tepals, closely appressed, are a reason for retaining it in Rigidella. Rig@ipEua Lindl. setla ae a corm with thick membranous unics. Basal leaves several, usually broad, plicate, glabrous, acute; cauline leaves several, Cee to the basal leaves, or the upper reduced, equalling or een the inflorescence. m simple or few-branched, the inflorescences borne terminally on the stem and branches. Spathes herbaceous, large, acute, 2-4- flowered; pedichks filiform, or thicker, the flowers strongly cernu- ous or nearly erect. Perianth-tube absent, the tepals markedly dimorphic; the three outer usually connivent by their claws into a compact cup at the base, the blades strongly reflexed, or the outer tepals spreading, the inner tepals much smaller, completely concealed by the claws of the outer and glandular on the ventral surface of Cie blade, or, if apparent, as long as and appressed against the staminal column. Stamens opposite the style-arms; filaments long, united in a column; anthers linear, the connective _ about as broad as bs narrow loculi. Style as a as the column; TR co fe) as term glabrous; ce Site. or ovoid, the raphe and chalaza very cons Sypris amie Reg. xxvi. t. 16, Mise. 35, no. 64 (1840); Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xvi. 134 (1877), Handbk. Irid. tof ieee Diels i i: Tne. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzfam. (ed. 2) xva. Type-Specigs: R. flammea Lindl. Key a. Flowers cernuous; inner tepals short (8-10 mm. ), concealed by ~ base of the —_ be als. b. Take broad, 2-3 ¢ ter tepals with numerous short purple lines at bus of ice: style-arms with dorsal ae RA See ee Oe ee 6S Oe 6S 2 ele, 8 OR eee ae 8 aa Se bce ie 6 88 eres e amm b. ere narrower, 1 cm.; tepals unmarked; dorsal a. ages nary’ Bat ol gates SRG aus erin aes a 2. R. immaculata a. Flowers erect at anthesis, or nearly so; inner tepals as long as the staminal column (to 2.7 cm.), not concealed; dorsal ap- PORN RUN Se en ee ey 3. R. orthantha . RiGIDELLA FLAMMEA Lindl. Corm ov oid, to nearly 4 ¢ diam., the tunies membranous, dark-brown. Basal leaves 2 (3), SEU ee ew RM ee er re eT eS ay Mee OPT PD Ths ht Norge nea ean ep Oa ESM NETS Sta fone Loe a rat teh ete a SOLE? Fa utd eM e a i Sie ae Raced @ Co eal a alae 5 ye Mie ree ae ah ban a, STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 19 to 6 dm. long, 2-3 em. broad, subpetiolately narrowed at the base and gradually narrowed to the acute apex, strongly plicate; cauline leaves 1—2 (or more if the stem is branched), oe the basal leaves, to nearly 30 cm . long, and over 1 cm. wide. Stem simple or br anched, bearing a pair of 4-flowered iain at each apex, to 6 dm. long, or longer. Spathes herbaceous, to 8 cm. long, the me slightly longer than the inner; pedicels re- curved at the at anthesis, erect in fruit. vary glabrous, oblong, to Sone Fi cm. long. Outer tepals scarlet or flame-color, the broad claws (1 cm. long and 8 mm. wide) narrowed slightly at the summit, connivent, forming a campanulate cup, the blades to 3 cm. long, 1.2 em. wide, oblong-ovate, subobtuse, strongly reflexed, write short dark stripes or dots at the base; inner tepals —9 mm. long, the claw 2 mm. long and the glandular blade ovate- 1 em. long. Style a little aaa? than the staminal column; style-arms linear, to 1 cm. long (from agree pei than to equalling or slightly exceeding the anthers), b r 7 mm., and bearing a dorsal appendage below the sinus in wae style-arm. Capsule clavate-oblong, about 2.5 em. long; seeds subglobose.— Bot. Reg. xxvi. t. 16 (1840); Paxt. ‘Ane. vii. 247 (1840); Sweet, Ornam. Fl. Gard. ii. t. 131 (1854); Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xvi. 135 (1877); Baker, Handbk. Irid. 70 (1892). Speci- mens seen:—MEXICO: Guerrero: Mina Dist.: Teotepec, 2 m., oak and pine forest, July 15, 1939, Hate et al., no. 14432 (G, US, NY). Of all the material labelled R. flammea in our herbaria, this is the only collection which seems actually to be that species. The flowers are so badly damaged that it is impossible to determine if the basal dark marks are present on the blade of the tepals, but it can be assigned to this species with some confidence because of the size and shape of the inner tepals, and because of the append- ages on the style-arms. These seem much longer than those shown in the original figure. 2. R. mmacuuata Herb. Corm ovoid, to 3.5 em. long, 1.5-2 em. wide, the tunics brown, membranous. Basal leaves 1-2, to 30 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, narrowed above the sheathing base, lance-linear, tapering to the acute apex, strongly plicate; cauline leaves 2 (or more if the stem is branched), resembling the basal leaves, to 25 cm. long, 7-13 mm. wide. Stem simple or branched, to 4-6 dm. tall, bearing 2-3-flowered spathes at the apices of axis and branches. Spathes herbaceous, usually narrow, acuminate, acute, 6-8 em. long, the outer distinctly shorter than the inner; pedicels shorter than the spathes at anthesis. Outer tepals w ith 20 FOSTER dorsal appendages ee Capsule oblong, 2.5-3 cm. long: seeds ovoid, 3 mm. long.—Bot. Reg. xxvii. t. 68, Misc. 133 (1841); Fl. des Serres (Sér. I) v. t. 502 iacogte (Sér. II) xi. t. 2215 (1875); Sweet, Ornam. FI. Gard. ii. t. 132 (1854); re in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XV. 135 (1877), Handbk. Irid. 70 (1892). Specimens seen:-MEXICO: Oaxaca: Sierra de San Felipe, 10000 ft., June 29 (fl.), Nov. 9 (fr.), 1894, Pringle, no. 4721 (G, NY, Phil, US, MBG). GUATEMALA: HUvEHUETENANGO: near Tunim4, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 3300-3500 m., July 6, 1942, Steyermark, no. 48256 (F); wet meadow along creek, 2.5 miles east of San Mateo Ixtatdn, Sierra de los Cu canine: 2500 m., July 31, 1942, Steyermark, no. 49885 @: Sierra de los Cuchuma- tanes, along ro road beyond La Pradera km 2, alt. ca. 3300 m., in dense limestone Juniperus forest, Dec. 31, 1940, Standley, no. 81771 (F); near shee - ne San Juan Ixtan, east of San Rafael Pétz a bs ca. pen oak forest, Jan 9, 1941, Standley, . 028 i; (artnet Aug. 21, ae & E. Seler, no. fs (G); valley above T odos los oo. ’ May 29, 6, O. rp : Couk no. 49 (US); Todos los Santos, 3000-3500 m., June 19, 1896, C. & E. Seler, no. 2807 (G, US); SACATEPEQUEZ: slopes of Volcén de Agua, above Santa Marfa de Jesus, 2250-3 m., pine forest, Feb. 11, 1939, Standley, no. ria (F); Volean de Agua, Nov. 22, 1937, Zz R. ’ Johnston, no. 810 (F); CHIMALTE- NANGO: Santa Elena, 2400-2700 m , Ju ly 17, 1933, Skutch, no. pes oak slopes of Voleén de Acatenango, above Las Calderas, 00 m., Jan. 3, 1939, pia no. 61879 (F). Of the Guatemalan specimens cited, the four Standley collec- tions are in very ripe fruit, and so their identity cannot be posi- tively established, but I feel that they are probably this species, especially since the leaves are usually quite narrow. Baker remarked (Handbk. Irid. 70) of this: ‘Perhaps not dis- tinct from R. flammea . . . ” There are several points of difference which leave no doubt in my mind as to its distinctness. Aside from the generally slighter aspect of the plants, the outer spathe is shorter than the inner, the pedicels are shorter than the spathes at anthesis, elongating as the fruit matures, the inner tepals are very different in shape, having a long bluntish acumen iecewen ec: |S Aerie ens earns Saati sar oe i pL ee a ee eg ee STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 21 to the blade instead of coming abruptly to an acute point, and the dorsal appendages of R. flammea are not present in any of the material examined. These points, I think, are quite enough to keep R. immaculata separate from R. flammea. 3. Ea ORTHANTHA sgn Co orm ovoid, to 5 cm. hig h, 3 cm. cauline leaf, the main axis 4.5-7 dm. tall, terete, glabrous. Spathes herbaceous, the outer somewhat shorter than the inner, 6-8 cm. long, acute, 4—6-flowered; pedicels mostly well-exserted from the spathes at anthesis, glabrous. Outer tepals to 3.5-4.5 em. long and the blade 1.4 em. wide, oblong-obovate, obtuse or subacute, the broad claws at first forming a cup, the entire tepals ultimately spreading broadly, orange or orange-scarlet; inner tepals to 2.5 em. long (as long as the staminal column), briefly unguiculate, the blade about 4-5 mm. wide, contracted below the middle, expanding into a lance-linear shape, acute, erect, ap- pressed against the staminal column. Filaments united to the apex, to 2.5-2.7 em. long; anthers to 1.3 em. long. Style about as long as the column; style-arms bifid nearly to the base, to 8 mm. long, a appendages eee Capsule oblong, trigon- ous, to 3 em. long; seeds ovoid, to 3 reas long.— es Serres (Sér. 1) i. 107 (1848); Paxt. Mag. xiv. 121 (1848); Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xvi. 135 (1877), Handbk. Irid. 70 (1892), as syn. of R. flammea. Specimens seen:—MEXICO: Oaxaca: north- west slope of Mt. Zempoaltepec, 8000-10000 ft., July 10, 1894,, E. W. Nelson, no. 662 (US); bleak summit of Cerro Zempoal- tepetl, 2500-2900 m., May 25, 1939, R. EF. Schultes, no. 506 (G); Cerro San Felipe, 3000 m. . May 22, 1898, Gonzalez & Conzatti, . Reko, no. 4001 (US); rich alluviums, Sierra de San Felipe, 8500-10000 ft., June 5 Abs ), Aug. 29 (fr. ), 1894, rilite ap no. 4874 US, NY, Phil, MBG). Curtapas: pine t, July and August, in the “Terre froide”’, 1864-70, ae no. 825 (G). It was of this species that Baker remarked in 1892 (Handbk. Irid. 70): “apparently a mere form of R. flammea, with shorter stouter erect pedicels.’? Comparison of R. orthantha and R. flammea shows numerous and marked differences, which appar- ently had some weight with Baker in 1877, for he then kept the two apart. In R. orthantha, the flowers are erect or nearly so, as 22 FOSTER opposed to cernuous. The outer tepals are spreading, with the bases not convolute into a cup, although in most pressed speci- mens they appear to be so. This is probably due to the stage at which they were collected, for the original description says of the broad claws, ‘“‘d’abord dressés et enveloppant la base du double appareil sexuel ’’ In other words, they are at first contracted into a cup and ultimately spread as shown in the origi- nal figure and in Paxton, both plates being drawn from living material. In any case, whether the basal cup is present or not, the two species can be distinguished at a glance by the long, narrow, visible inner tepals of R. orthantha, as opposed to the short, hidden tepals of R, flammea. It is as unlike that species as possible, and should certainly be kept distinct, as Diels, in fact, has done, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzfam. (ed. 2) xva. 497 (1930). IV. Norrs on MasticostyLa JOHNSTON The genus Mastigostyla was erected by Johnston, in Contrib. Gray Herb. Ixxxi. 85 (1928), to contain a Peruvian irid with a remarkable style-structure, M. cyrtophylla Johnston. Two years later, in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzfam. (ed. 2) xva. 498 (1930), Diels reduced the genus to synonymy under Cypella, transferring the single species to that genus. In this, he has been followed by Macbride, in Field Mus. Bot. xiii (part 1, no. 3). 716 (1936). After a re-examination of the type of M. cyrtophylla, I am unable to accept this disposition of the genus, a conclusion strengthened by a study of the type-photograph of the species here described as M. Hoppii, and of dissections from the other species also described as new. In his discussion of the new genus, Johnston (lI. c.) laid most stress on the wing-margined style-branches, each arm deeply bifid, each portion continued beyond the stigma in a flagellum. This is important, but it can, to some extent, be approximated in some undoubted material of Cypella from Argentina, Lossen, no. 543, in which the flagelliform style-crests are about 5 mm. long. More important, to me, is the fact that in Mastigostyla the style-arms are bifid to a point well below the insertion of the stigmas, thus making it appear as if the stigmas were inserted above the base of the style-crests. rl a or STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 23 The type-species of the genus Cypella, C. Herberti (Lindl.) Herb., has extremely short stamen-filaments which are united for much of their length. Of the other species of the genus known to me, most have longer filaments, united for only a short dis- tance at the base. Consequently, the appearance of a long (8-12 mm.) staminal column in Mastigostyla is important. Moreover, in the species of Cypella known to me, the anthers are attached by their apices to the style-arms just below the stigmas. In Mastigostyla, the anthers are free from the style. Another point which is certainly worthy of consideration is the shape of the flower. That of Cypella is more or less crateriform, with at least the outer tepals spreading widely from a broad, shallow, basal cup. In Mastigostyla, a rudimentary perianth- tube is present, the tepals then erect, so that their claws form a narrow infundibuliform base to the flower. Further, the inner tepals are much more reduced than is true in Cypella. On the basis of these characters, it seems to me, Mastigostyla should be retained as a distinct genus. One additional point can be cleared up. In his original de- scription, Johnston stated that he was unable to determine whether the stamens were opposite or alternate with the style- arms, tending to think the latter condition true. A flower from Weberbauer, no. 6838, which had not been too severely pressed was dissected. The style-arms and anthers were relatively un- distorted and showed beyond question that the stamens were opposite the style-arms, not alternate with them. Mastigostyia Cardenasii, spec. nov. Bulbus ovoideus, 2—-2.5 supra in partes productae. Folia basalia 1-2, em. longa, 0.5-2 mm. lata, lineari-attenuata, glabra; folium caulinum uni- cum, raititiin subtendens, basi spathiforme alan amplectens, 4 em. longum, 2 mm. latum, acutum, glabrum, inflorescen- tiam terminalem excedens. Caulis l-ramosus ad ‘baa. 8-12 cm. longus (supra terram), teres, glaber. Spathae herbaceae, 3-4-f1., exterior basi marginibus 6-7 mm. coalitis , 3.7-4.8 cm. longa, acuminata, interior marginibus latis papyraceis hyalinis, 4,2- 4.8 em longa, acuta; pedicelli filiformes, eae spathas breviores. Ovarium ellipsoideo-obovoideum, glabrum, ca. 8 mm. longum. Tepala exteriora atrocoerulea, unguiculata, obovata, obtusa, ad 3 cm. longa, 1.6 em. lata; tepala interiora reducta, ca. 8 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, lanceolata. Staminum columna 8-12 mm. 24 FOSTER “oenct ag si libera 1-2 mm.; antherae lineares, 6 mm long tylu 1.2 cm. longus; 'styli rami et appe endices sce 1 cm. hes. bifidi mater 5 mm., longitudinus flagellorum incertus. Capsula seminaque non visa.—PERU: Cuzco: Sax- age 3400 m. alt., March, 1943, Martin Cardenas, no. 2337 (TYPE, G). iy habit, this species is easily distinguished from both M. cyrtophylla and the next species to be described, M. Hoppit. The former is branched well above the base and the basal leaf is reduced to little more than a sheath; its anthers are sessile on the column. The latter is a much smaller plant, unbranched, with the compact inflorescence immediately subtended by two eauline leaves. Because of the scarcity of materials, I am unable to be positive about the inner tepals of M. Cardenasii; in the two flowers available to me, they appear to be considerably reduced. The style-crests became somewhat damaged in dissection, but the remnants indicate that they are shorter and broader than is the case in M. cyrtophylla, probably lacking the true flagellar development of that species. The new species is named for its collector, the distinguished Bolivian botanist, Professor Martin Cardenas, who has sent many interesting Bolivian and Peruvian plants to the Gray Herbarium. . Hoppii, spec. nov. Bulbus ovoideus vel subglobosus, 1.5-2 em. altus, 1-1.5 ecm. latus, tunicae atrobrunneae. Folium em. longum, basi spathiforme amplectens, lamina lineari-attenu- ay acuta, glabra, 1-— eee m. lata, folium superius simile, 2.5-7 longum, 1-1.5 m Patan Caulis simplex, teres, glaber, 37 em. longus, inlorescenta terminalis, compacta. Spathae herbaceae, exterior ad 2 cm. longa, acuta, interior cm. sn rae obtusa, 24-A , pedicelli quam bbathie breviores. Ovarium oblo abrum, ca. 5-6 mm. longum. Tepala exteriora viola, ad 2.5 em Gey obovata, unguiculata, lamina ca. 8~ x Field Mus Bot, xiii (part 1, no. on 717 (1936), without Latin diagnosis, and therefore invali Specimens seen:—PERU: Arequipa: Arequipa [before Dec. TOa5t Hopp (ryrr, Berlin, not seen; photo, G); open gravelly soil, above Arequipa, 2500-2600 m. , Apr. 7-16, 1925, Pennell, no. 13173 (G). ER ee eh ee pee STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 25 This distinct little species has an unfortunate nomenclatural history. Named for the collector by Professor Diels, the bi- nomial apparently was never published until Macbride did so in 1936, crediting it to Diels. Since there was no Latin diagnosis given, this binomial is invalid. Although the type has presuma- bly been destroyed, there is an excellently clear photograph of it (Field Mus. Neg. 11094), from which measurements of some of the floral parts can be safely taken. The one point which is not certain to me is the size of the inner tepals; these may be similar to those of M. cyrtophylla, or they may be even more reduced. It is obvious from the photograph that the long stamen-filaments are united in a column and the anthers free from the style, so that there is no doubt as to the genus to which it belongs. The Pennell specimen cited here is in fruit, but its size, short stem, most of which is clearly subterranean, and the cauline leaves immediately subtending the spathes warrant assigning it to this species, rather than to M. cyrtophylla, under which it was cited by Johnston and by Macbride. M. Johnstoni, spec. nov. Bulbus ovoideus, 1-2.5 cm. altus, 6-10 mm. diam., tunicae atrobrunneae, membranaceae. Folia basalia 0, vel vagina unica reducta ad basin caulis; folium cauli- num unicum, infra inflorescentiam 4-8 cm., lanceolato-lineare, basi attenuatum, acutum, plicatum, glabrum, saltem 15 cm. longum, 3-5 mm. latum. Caulis simplex, teres, A cautict 10—20 em. longus. Spathae herbaceae, exterior 3.4-4.4 cm. longa, acumi- nata, acuta, interior 3.2—4 cm. nee ie retusa, 1—3-f1., necliele 3 5-3. 5 em. longi. Ovarium ellipsoideum, glabrum, ad 8 mm. longum. Flores violacei; tepala exteriora saltem 1.8 cm. longa, longe unguiculata, lamina obovata (?), saltem 6 mm. lata, 3 mm. tntegt deinde bifidi. eee ula matura seminaque non visa.—ARGENTINA: Tucum&n: Dep. Chichigasta: Las Pavas, 3200 m. alt., December, 1926, S. Venturi, no. 4636 (TrPxE, G). It gives me much pleasure to name this remarkable species, which so greatly extends the range of the genus, for Dr. I. M. Johnston who first recognized the generic distinctness of the original Peruvian species. From M. cyrtophylla and M. Cardena- sii, M. Johnstoni is easily separated by its smaller flowers, with 26 FOSTER ovate to oblanceolate inner tepals, narrower, longer, fewer- flowered spathes, with the flowers long-pedicellate, and by the shorter stylar appendages. It is unlikely to be confused with the dwarf M. Hoppii, with most of its stem subterranean and its cauline leaves immediately subtending the spathes. ADDENDUM Just before this manuscript was sent to the printer, there was received from the United States National Herbarium a sheet of Cardenas, no. 2491, collected at 3900 m. alt. at Ansaldo, Cocha- bamba, Bolivia. Although it bears an unpublished name in another genus, I can find nothing to separate it from the type of Mastigostyla Cardenasii from near Cuzco, Peru. The flowers of this example are beautifully preserved, and all important details can be ascertained without dissection, a most unusual state of affairs!’ The inner tepals are about 5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate. There is a definite perianth- tube, 2 mm. long. e style-arms and appendages (crests) are 1 cm. long, the bifid part being 5 mm. long. The stigmatic projections are clearly shown and are about 1.5 mm. long. The crests above the stigmas are about 2 mm. long, the earlier con- jecture that they were “shorter aiid broader than is the case in M. cyrtophylla, probably lacking the true flagellar development of that species”’ being fully supported. V. A Revision or THE NortH AMERICAN SPECIES oF NEMASTYLIS NutTT. Even a cursory study of Nemastylis suffices to show that the genus, as currently interpreted, is an agglomeration of discordant elements. In fact, even in its origin, it was a mixture, at least nomenclaturally. When Nuttall described it, in 1835, he in- cluded two species which were truly congeneric, but, through an error, the first of these was incorrectly identified with and based nomenclaturally upon [xia coelestina Bartr. ex Willd., although the plant actually described had nothing to do with that species. It has been shown in a previous section of this study that J. coelestina belongs in the genus Sphenostigma, and the transfer has been made. Britton and Brown, Illust. Fl. (ed. 2) i. 541 (1913), unfortunately selected N. coelestina as the type of the genus STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 27 Nemastylis. Tf their choice were to stand, the awkward situation would then be created of having the nomenclatural type of Nema- stylis transferred to another genus. Fortunately, however, Britton and Brown’s typification cannot stand. In Bot. Mag. Ixvi. sub t. 3779 (1840), Herbert discussed the question of whether N. coelestina and N. acuta (Barton) Herb. were actually con- generic. The latter name, incidentally, was used by Herbert in place of N. geminiflora Nutt., his action being correct at that time. Expressing doubt of the propriety of placing the two species in the same genus, he then named N. acuta as ‘“‘the type of the Genus”’, thereby antedating Britton and Brown by seventy-three years and preventing a nomenclatural upheaval which would follow, were the action of the later authors accepted without question. To the original members of the genus, described by Nuttall in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. v. 157 (1835), two more were added in 1840 by Herbert (1. c.), N. purpurea and N. coelestina var. tenuis. In 1876, Baker erected the genus Chlamydostylus, in Journ. Bot. xiv. 185, with four species, one of which was South American, the others being C. tenuis (Herb.) Baker, C. multiflorus Baker, and C. cernuus Baker. The genus Chlamydostylus was reduced (as Chlamydostylis) to outright synonymy under Nemastylis by Bentham and Hooker, Gen. PI. iii. 696 (1883), no transfers being actually made. The necessary transfers were made by Baker, Handbk. Irid. 112-114 (1892), who accepted the reduction but treated Chlamydostylis (for he accepted the correction of the spelling, as well) as a subgenus of Nemastylis, a course followed by subsequent workers. The canon established by Baker in 1892 included seventeen species. Since that year, nine more species have been described and several older names have been transferred to Nemastylis, some of these replacing names origi- nally given in that genus. The systematic position of the genus in the family has been accepted, relatively without question, for nearly seventy years. Baker, in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xvi. 74 (1877), assigned it to the group of genera including Calydorea and Eleutherine. Pax, in Engl. & Pr. Nat. Pflanzfam. ii (5). 148 (1888), juggled genera to some extent, but continued to associate Nemastylis with Gelasine, Calydorea, and Cipura. Baker, in 1892, specifically included the | 28 FOSTER genus in the tribe Sisyrinchieae, defining the tribe, in part, by “Style-branches alternate with the anthers.’’ This was accepted by Diels, in Engl. & Pr. Nat. Pflanzfam. (ed. 2) xva. 469 (1930). If this disposition of the genus is accepted, then many of the species which both Baker and Diels have assigned to Nemastylis cannot be keyed to it by either of their keys. This group in- cludes (to name only North American species) N. Bequaerti Standl., N. brunnea 8. Wats., N. latifolia Weatherby, N. Leh- mannii Standl., N. multiflora (Baker) Baker, N. Seleriana Loes., N. silvestris Loes., N. triflora Herb., and N. versicolor 8. Wats. All these species have the style-arms incompletely bifid, and any reasonably careful dissection shows that the anthers are opposite the incompletely bifid style-arms, not alternate with them. Thus, if Baker and Diels are followed, a considerable portion of the North American species would belong in another tribe, the Moraeeae. Following this discovery, two questions naturally arose. 1: Are the style-arms of the remaining North American species com- pletely or incompletely bifid? 2: Are the stamens really alter- nate with the style-arms in these species? Many dissections have been made, and apparently both questions must be an- swered in the negative. In some individuals of N. geminiflora, the division seems almost complete, but in others it is clearly not complete. In N. tenuis, N. floridana, N. caerulescens, and N. Nuttallii, for example, the style-arms are definitely not completely bifid in the individual flowers examined. It is this fact which first suggested a negative answer to the second question, for in these dissections, the incompletely bifid style-arms could be seen clasping the anthers. Undistorted flowers or bud-dissections show this beyond question, but still more evidence is available. The stamen-filaments in N. tenuis, for example, are united into a column. Favorable material, in which the color has been re- moved by boiling, shows the vascular system of the column and of the style. It is possible to tear a strip from the column by pulling an anther directly downward, thus disclosing the undi- vided portion of the style. In this, sometimes even by reflected light, a vascular strand can be seen opposite each stamen. This strand divides at the apex of the style, and the two parts pass into the two halves of the incompletely bifid style-arm clasping STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 29 the stamen. It seems to me that this evidence warrants the con- clusion that Nemastylis does not belong in the Sisyrinchieae, but in the Moraeeae, being related to Alophia and Tigridia. Closely connected with the problem of the systematic position of the genus in the family is the question of the circumscription of the genus. As a result of the present study, it has seemed desirable to return to the earlier conception of Nuttall, excluding a rather large proportion of the species which have been assigned to Nemastylis by later workers. These which are excluded will probably be transferred to Tigridia or to some segregate of that genus; no actual transfers will be made here for that would be incorrect before Tigridia and its allies are studied in detail. By thus limiting the concept of Nemastylis to the species with a flat, rotate perianth, the tepals being subequal, the style filiform and shorter than or rarely equal to the slender, subulate or canalicu- late, divergent style-arms, the anthers with a narrow connective and coiling downwards from the apex with age, but exceeding the style-arms—by this means, a clear, well-defined, and homogene- ous group is established. The excluded species have broadly campanulate to crateriform perianths, the tepals varying from subequal to markedly dimorphic, the style much longer than the style-arms, these often with tooth-like projections beneath or at the sinuses, the anther-connective usually broad, and the anthers seldom coiling downward from the apex. Synoptic TREATMENT Nemastyuis Nuttall. Herbaceous perennials, with an ovoid or subglobose bulb. Leaves linear to lance-attenuate, or lance- ensiform, often plicately nerved. Stems simple or branched. Spathes herbaceous, 1-several-flowered. Ovary small, oblong- ellipsoid, subclavate, or subturbinate. Flowers side or somew rhat at the base, equal or subequal. Stamens inserted on the tepals near the base, the filaments free or more or less united; the anthers longer than the filaments, with a narrow connective, coiling downward from the apex with maturity. Style equal to or usually shorter than the style-arms, the three style-arms bifid almost to the base, opposite the stamens; the stigmas apical, ih ra or tufted, or sometimes mi inutely two-parted. sule more or less oblong-ellipsoid, opening by six deltoid teeth at the prc seeds yellow- or dark-brown, irregularly closely pitted, about 2 mm. long, angular.—Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. v. 157 30 FOSTER (1835). N ne a lee spelling employed by] Herbert in Bot. Mag. Ixvi. sub t. 3779 (1840). Chlamydostylus Baker in Journ. S76). Typr-spEcies: N. geminiflora Nutt. A small genus confined to the New World; represented in the area under discussion by four species and four varieties. In view of the homogeneity of the group, no subgenera or sections are felt to be necessary. Kury a. — pao well-developed, 5-11 mm. wide; filaments rae or only slightly connate at the base................. . N. geminiflora a. airs leaves reduced, or if develo faa na 1-4 m e; filaments wholly or partially united aeeears in no. 46), b. Filaments united in in a colum -blooming; 4-15 dm. tall: inflorescence often com- pos branched; Se EE pr nen tere eae Ape 2. N. floridana c. Spring- or summer-blooming; to 4 ae tall; inflorescence wont or branched (not complexly d. sig t (2-) m. tall, almost ale branched; Mis- i, Arkansas, Ad, Ole Billi 84 Petacs ves 3. N. Nuttallit d. Plant rarely pose 3 dm. tall; Mexico. e. t 15-30 em. tall; style-arms ea: 4mm. 222. S0": 4. N. tenuis e. Plant 2-9 em. tall; style-arms ca. 2-2.5 mm....... _ N. tenuis var. nana b. Filaments free, in part. f. Filaments united 1 rl mm., less than half their length; tepals ca. 2 em. lon g. bao ub sigh Piiberulent internally at the base; fila- ; Sire =o Ta see se 4b. N. tenuis g. Tepals glabrous; filaments almost free............... Ae. IE Ss ar. Purpusit i. hegre united 3-4 mm., over half their length; eels he Rye Ch TO ea ee a eck e. 4d. N. tenuis var. Pringlet NEMASTYLIS GEMINIFLORA Nutt. Bulb broadly ovoid to oes 2-2.5 cm. high, the brittle, membranous brown eaves. cane eaves 2-3, 20-40 cm. long, or longer, ide, glabrous, plicate, See Seer or narrowly linear- ensiform; pecs eaten 2-3, 15-35 em. long, 5-11 mm. wide, at least one of them usually much siecoaia = inflorescence, the upper si somewhat reduced. Total height of plant 12-46 cm., the stem terete, glabrous, sometimes branched near the base, usually several-branched above the middle. Spathes herbaceous, unequal, the outer 2-4.2 cm. long, the inner 3.5-4.7 cm. long, ve sf ie the pedicels filiform, glabrous, not ibexsovied nthes He's ee — to 4 mm. long Tepals paneer pe o 3 cm. 1.7 cm. v vide, ovate-obovate, obtuse or acutish, bine diuhes® wut "ac rsa giving the effect of STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 31 an ‘‘eye’’). Filaments free or only slightly connate at the base, to 2.5 mm. long; anthers to 1.5 em. long. Style to 3 mm. long: style-arms to 5 mm. long. oo. 1.5-2 cm. long, well-exserted, oblong-turbinate; seeds angular, brown.—Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. v. 157 (1835); Yonortte i in FI. des Serres (Sér. IT) xi. 45, t. 2171 (1875). Ixia acuta Barton, Fl. N. Am. ii. 89, t. 66 (1822), not J. acuta Lichtenst. in Roem. & Schult. (1817). Nemastylis acuta (Barton) Herb. in Bot. Mag. Ixvi. sub t. 3779 (1840); Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. xvi. 103 (1877), in Bot. Mag. cix. t. 6666 (1883), Handbk. Irid. 111 (1892); ee Aas mt U.S. 292 (1903), in re part; Small in Journ. N. Y. B XXxll. 261-262, fig. 1 (1931); Small, Man. Se. Fl. 396 (1933), Dormon, Wild Fis. La. oi 6 (1 934). Beatonia coelestina (Bartr.) Klatt in Linnaea, xxxi. 567 (1861-62), as to plant in part, but not as to name. Gelasine ? texana erb. in Bot. Mag. Ixvi. sub t. 3779 (1840). Culoduren texana (Herb.) Baker in Journ. Bot. xiv. 188 (1876); Handbk. Irid. 109 (1892). Representative material:—UNITED STATES: Missourt: Franklin Co.: Gray’s Summit, May 15, 1926, J. M. Greenman, no. 4492 (M BG): Washington 0.3 moist rocky hills, Cotosi, May—June, collector not named (F); St. rege Co.: Bloomsdale, May 6, 1928, J. H. Kellogg, no. 1666 (MBG); Iron Co.: dry exposed hill, Arcadia, April, 1900, C. Russell (MBG): Cass Co.: rocky slopes, Prairie, ea! 1865, Ge. Broadhead (MBG). ARKANSAS: “from near Fort Smith on the Arkansas to the banks of Red River,” Nuttall (tyPE, P; isotype, NY); Red River, Nuttall (P); Hampstead Co.: sa ndy \ woods, Fulton, Apr. 22, 1914, £. J. h : ; 1898, Heller (NY). Lourstana: Caddo Co.: Shreveport, Mrs. Lilian H. Trichel (NY, photo); Nachitoches Co.: Ashland, heavy clay soil, Apr. 16, 1930, Caroline Dormon (NY), dry ;N Apr. 24, 1915, E. J. ied no. 7363 (MBG, P, US). KANSAS: Ce Co.: May 9, G. C. Broadhead (MBG); Wilson 1896, W. H. Haller ee Pt Kansas), no. 828 (G, NY, MBG, US): Cowley Co., May, 1898, Mark White (MBG); Winfield, 1901, M. S. Carter iP): Sumner Co.: near Genda, May 1, 1887, T. Rassler ( US). Ox taHoma: Osage Co.: grassy prairie at Camp McClintock, May 10, 1941, T. Johsn: no. 86 (O); Rogers Co.: Catoosa, May 8, 1895, B. F. Bush, no. 1166 (G, NY , MBG); Tulsa Co.: low marshy spot, rich ‘black sandy loam, 4 miles southeast of Tulsa, on Katy R. R., May 10, 1941, H. A. Hawk, no. 13 (O); Creek Co.: Bap Apr. 29, 1895, B. F. Bush, no. 969 (MBG); clay soil prairie, 7 miles west of Depew, Apr. 29, 1939, U. T. Waterfall, no. 912 (NY); Okmulgee Co.: Okmulgee, Apr. 29, 1891, M. A. Carleton, no. 97 (US); Pittsburgh Co., 32 FOSTER May, 1935, J. BE. McClary (O); Atoka Co.: Limestone Gap, Apr. 9-11, 1903, H. A. Pilsbry (P), prairies 10 miles north of Limestone Gap, "Apr. 23, 1877, G. D. Butler, no. 11507 (MBG); Pushmataha — lowland, Kiamichi Mts., Apr. 9, 1928, Phyllis Draper Brent hoctaw Co.: Fort Towsen, 1884, Dr. Edwards (NY); B eta vicinity of Durant, 1931, W. L. Blain, no. 10 (Us): P e Co.: Stillwater, May 19, 1899, E. E. Bogue (MBG, P); Pottawatomie Co.: prairie east of Tecumseh, Apr. 22, 1932, FE. D. Buckley, no. 67 (0); eget rice soil, Wanette, Apr. 25, =e M. pk Ran no. 4 (QO); ray Co.: Platt oes no. 103 (0); Love Co.: prairie, along railroad track, gen Masteite. Apr. 18, 1913, G. W. Stevens, no. 81 (G, MBG, NY); Caddo Co. ?: on the False Washita, between Ft. Cobb and 7 Arbuckle, 1868, E. Palmer, aoe 336 6 (US); Comanche Co.: ibe! of Ft. Fannin Co.: Bonham, May 1896, Mrs. J. M. “Ailligan (US); Lamar Co.: 2.75 miles ape “i Paris, May 21, 1937, V. L. Cory, no. 23089 (G); Young Co.: rough stony hillside, 1 mile south- west of Alney, Apr. 1, 1938, W. L. McCart, no. 856 (NY); Collin Co.: along railroad track, 5 miles south of Celina, he 14, 1939, McCart, no. 1562 (NY); Van Zandt Co.: Van Zandt, Apr. 29 (no year given), J. - Henderson, no. 5700 (US); Dallas Co.: rich seas sri Dal , May, June, Reverchon in Curtiss, no. 2861* (G, U NY), ene lecaliey., Apr. 15, 1900, B. F. Bush, no. 603 (M BG. US, NY); Tarrant Co.: valley of the a near Fort Worth, ‘Apr. 10, May 15, 1913, A. Ruth, 271 (MBG; other specimens of this number, with different ges NY, US, F); Shackelford Co., Apr. 1, 1883, G. W. Holstein (P); Johnson Co.: prairies near Bushman, June 13, 1898, H. Eggert (MBG); Nacogdoches Co.: “Nagado ches’, Dr. Leavenworth (NY); San Augustine Co.: San Augustine, G. L. Crocket (US); Anderson Co.: grassy places — Long Lake, June 9, 1899, Eggert Sor Bowe Co.: limestone barrens, Seoenwood, Mar. pe 1917, 2. J. Secs no. “T1431 1 (G, MBG, US, NY); McLennan Co.: Waco, L. Pace, no. 206 (MBG); Burnett Co., August, 1892, F. G. sup (NY); Williamson Co.: dry woods, Georgetown, March, 1890, J. E. Bodin, os — le Bell Co.: low prairie near Holland, May 13, 1931, S. E. Wolff, no. 2920 (US); ie ~ Co.: Calvert, Mar. 27, a6. F. J. H. Merrill (NY); ker Co.: 14 miles southwest of Huntsville, Mar. 11, 1934, Cory, no. 7831 (G); Montgomery Co.: moist sand, Willis, Mar. S. R. Warner, no. 15 (MBG); mide inert Co., Miss Hobart “Oh. Travis Co.: Austin, 500 ft. alt., Apr. 19, 1930, G. G. L. Fisher, no. 101 (F); near Barton Creek, Au stin, Apr. 18, 1928, Ba: Palmer, no. 33409 (G); Austin, Apr. 8, 1922, Tharp, no. STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 33 2824 (US); Hays Co.: San Marcos, spring of 1898, S. W. Stan- field (NY); Gillespie Co.: Big Bra nch, G@. Jermy, no. 332 (MBG); 8 miles north of ee I on Highwa ay 16, Apr. 14, 1941, nnes & Warnock, no. 776 (G); Comal Co.: New Braunfels, April, 1851, Lindheimer, no. 562 (G, MBG); Harris ayes wet prairies, Houston, Apr. 12, 1872, E. Hall, no. 638 (G, F, MBG, 2, S); Galveston Co.: Galveston Bay, spring, 1834, Drum- mond, III, no. 415 (type of Gelasine ? texana, not seen; photo, be isotypes, G, NY, P); Jackson Co.: prairie banks, Ganado, Mar. 6, 1916, E. 3 Palmer, no. 9075 (US, MBG); Victoria Co.: prairies near Victoria, Apr. 6 & 8, 1900, Eggert (MBG); Bexar Co.: San Antonio, Apr. 29, 1911, Mr. & Mrs. J. Clemens, no. 142 ( MBG): prairies, San Antonio, March, 1884, Havard, no. 35 (G, US); ‘Kleberg Co.: Kingsville, Mar. 27, 1920, M. M. High, no. 77 BG). One see in the New York Botanical Garden, vallectea by Dr. I. Eights, has a label stating that it came from East Tennessee. No other material from Tennessee has been seen, and the correctness of the label may be questioned for the time being The earliest Lee name for this plant, acuta, was, unfortu- nately, a later homonym in [x/a, in which it was first described, and since there is a valid synonym available, it is necessary to apply the binomial N. geminiflora to this species. To the synonymy usually given, there have been added, with little hesitation, the names Gelasine ? texana Herb. and Caly- dorea texana (Herb.) Baker. Although the actual type of Her- bert’s species is at Kew, and has not been available to me, there is a photograph of it at the New York Botanical Garden, with a memorandum by Mr. N. Y. Sandwith, dealing with several questions raised by Dr. J. K. Small. In addition, four sheets of the type-number have been studied. When Herbert described his new species as a doubtful Gelasine, he stated at the beginning: “Nem. acutae affinis.”’ The critical question is whether the style-arms are entire or bifid, and on this, too, Herbert hedged somewhat, by means of parentheses, saying ‘‘antheris stigma tenuiter et suberecte (ni fallor in sicco) trilobum superantibus.” Concerning this matter, Mr. Sandwith stated, in the memo- randum mentioned, after an examination of the type and an isotype at Kew, that of the three specimens on the type, one was damaged, a second seemed to have undivided style-arms, and the third unquestionably had divided style-arms, as did the isotype. He noted that the style-arms had the characteristic blue tips of 34 FOSTER Nemastylis, and expressed serious doubt that the style-arms of the second specimen on the type were really simple. The photo- graph of the type is certainly N. geminiflora in habit. All four sheets of Drummond, no. 415, which I have studied are N. geminiflora. In one flower only, there appear to be simple style- arms, but this flower shows evidence of damage to the style, and the anthers are disposed in such a way that they may very well cover portions of the style. Furthermore, on more than one occasion, in studying this species, I have felt that the style-arms were inet in some individuals, only to find, on dissection, that the branches were truly bifid, the portions having been concealed by the anthers. Additional confusion was added by Engelmann and Gray, PI. Lindh. 27 (1845), who endeavored in a footnote to distinguish Alophia from Herbertia, and who noted that ‘‘ Under No. 415, we have Nemostylis acuta (geminiflora Nutt. Ixia acuta, Barton,) as well as Gelasine Texana. In the latter the filaments are certainly srenacel phous, and the style has two or three short and simple lobes.’ One sheet of Drummond, no. 415, in the Gray Herbarium, bears a single flower in a pocket labelled, by Gray, Gelasine Texana, a similar flower being found on the New York sheet of this number. The filaments of the flower in this pocket are monadelphous, but after patient dissection it was found that two style-arms had been concealed by the loculi of anthers, while the third had been drawn out of position and was adhering to the staminal column and part of an outer tepal. On straightening them, it was found that one arm was broken short, and the other two were bifid near the apex, while the inner tepals were much shorter, darker, and different in shape from the outer tepals. In other words, this single flower is Alophia Drummondii'. Incidentally, Herbert stated in the original ' According to the International Rules, Art. 70, Note 4, the genitive and adjectival forms of a personal name are different epithets. Consequently, since it is necessary Af to retain the original ~~ which was a genitive, 8 — te cannot find that that 1A Drummon Gra % a Drummond R. an Edinb, New Phil. Journ. xx. 1 1836) agi mane Desonen R. Grah.) ae in ddisonia, xx. 3 (1937). Alophia Drummondiana Her B Ixvi. sub t 3779 (1840); possibly intended as a new combination, but actually an illegitimate renaming e es erbertia Drummondiana Her > i 65 (1842); asa speci Trifurcia caerulea Herb. in Bot. Mag. Ixvi. ps t. 3779 (1840). Her! Abr caerulea (Herb.) Herb. in Bot. Mag. Ixvii. t. 3862 (1841). vibe sate Scheele in Linnaea, xxii. 348 (1849). Herbertia Watsoni Baker, Handbk. Irid. 71 (1892). i eee ita ee ee a Se et eee ee STUDIES IN THE IRIDACEAE 35 description: ‘‘ Filamenta in sicco libera.”” Since Drummond, III, no. 414, is Alophia Drummondiz, it is quite possible that some mixture occurred in sorting, as Engelmann and Gray suggested. In any case, the evidence seems to point most strongly to the suggestion that Herbert was misled by appearances, made no dissection, and redescribed N. geminiflora in another genus. Baker annotated the type as Calydorea texana, but after experi- ence with a number of Baker’s types, which showed no sign of dissection when they were received (thus accounting for the fact that many of them were described in the wrong genera), I am not unduly impressed by his opinion that it belongs in Calydorea. It is beyond question that all of Drummond, no. 415, seen by me, with the exception of single flowers in pockets on two herbarium sheets, is N. geminiflora. N. FLORIDANA Small. Bulb ovoid or globose, to 2.5 cm. high the dark brown membranous tunics sometimes prolonged upward in a short collar around the base of the stem and radical leaves. Basal leaves about 3, lance-attenuate, shorter than the inflorescence, or about equalling it, to 11.4 dm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, plicate, west saeco leaves 2-4, the longest to 60 cm. long, 7 mm. wide, linear to ensiform, plicate, t the upper ones reduced progressively. Seon (below the inflorescence) 4-15 dm. (fide Small), terete, glabrous, few- to many-branched at the apex, in a loose inflorescence, the branches often filiform. Spathes 2-flowered, the outer 1.2-2 em. long, the inner about twice as long, closely convolute; pedicels glabrous, a at anthesis. Oavery glabrous, turbinate-clavate, about 4 mm. long. Tepals subequal, to 2 or 2.5 cm. long, nearly lem. Bult “ébovate-clliptic, ee or subacute, concolorous or lighter at ‘the base, violet- urple. Filaments ‘united, 1.5-2 mm. long; anthers about 7-9 ie: long. Style 2 mm. long; style-arms 5 mm. long (sometimes longer). Canis obovoid, to 1.3 em. long; seeds light sak as Bot. Gard. oo 266, fig. 2 (1931); Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. xxxiv. 1-5, fig. 1 (1934); Man. Se. Fl. 326 (1933). Specimens seen: —UNITED STATES: Fiori: Volusia Co.: 12 miles east of New Smyrna, Oct. 9, 1934, Mary F. Baker (US); marshes 7 miles west of New Smyrna, syst 19, 1931, Small, Lord & West ); near Ormond, Deland Road, Oct. 6, 1943, Eileen H. Butts (G); Hawkinsville, Sept. 2, 1910, S. C. Hood (MBG); Daytona, ‘Aug. 18, 1896, H. J. Webber, no. 457 (MBG); Lake Co. ?: along St. Johns River, on the Cheney-Dixie Highway, Sept. 24, 1927, Burger & West (NY); Seminole Co.: low pine- 36 FOSTER lands, Celery Delta, near Senior, Oct. 1931, S. Rapp (NY); low pinelands, Sanford, Sept 31 (NY): Orange Co.: flatwoods in low places along State Roa we Ae about 2 miles from Ocean City, July 31 (f1.), Sept. (fr.), 1931, Melati, no. 6325 (NY); Brevard Co.: swamp, Okeechobee region, Sept. 10, 1903, Fredholm, no. 6001 (G); wet ground, Eau Gallie, Tedian River, Sept. 18, 1896, A. H. Curtiss, no. 5777 (G, NY, US): wet hammock near Courtenay, Merritt Island, Sept. 18, 1931, J. K. Small (NY, US); Merritt Island, Sept. 18, 1931, Small, Lord & West (NY); marshes west of ndian River City, Sept. 19, 1931, Small, Lord & West (NY). This interesting and long-unrecognized species has had its history well-told by Dr. Small in the papers referred to above. It is apparently endemic in the upper coastal region of eastern Florida, and is the only species of the genus to be found in that state. There is little chance that it will be confused with any other iridaceous plant in its native home, for it is a fall-bloomer, while the plant with which it has been confused in herbaria, Sphenostigma coelestinum (Bartr. ex Willd.) R. C. Foster, is @ spring-bloomer. “ 3. N. Nuttallii oe in herb., nom. nov. Bulb ovoid to subglobose, about 1.5-2 em. high, ‘the tunics dark brown to chestnut brown. Basal aves 2-3, the lowest the shortest, salle em. long, 1-3.5 (-5) mm. wide, linear-ensiform, long- cute, glabrous, the wider ones somewhat plicate, rarely eer io exceeding | the inflorescence; cauline leaves 2, the lower 9-23 em. long, to 4 mm. wide, sometimes eicbiiae the ‘nfloreacanoe, the upper saicoed, 1.5-8¢ m. long, rarely with a branch in its a Stem simple, (20—- 30-40 em . tall, very infrequently L-branched above the middle, terete, gisbrou s, with the axis terminated b a 1- (rarely 2-) flowered pair of pal Bk Spathes closely ae lute, equalling or somewhat exceeding the pedicel at anthesis, glabrous, the outer 2-3 em. long, the inner 3- ae m. long. Ovary ong, un nite din a column; a anthers about 5 mm. long. Style 2mm. long, usually slightly ioe Bean the staminal jon ie style- arms 2mm. long. Capsule more or less oblong-clavate, trigonous, 2 cm. long; seeds dark red-brown, closely aig angular, to - mm. long.—N. coelestina (Bartr. ex Willd.) Nutt. in Trans. name; Small, Fl. Se. U. 2 (1903), in part; N. acuta (N geminiflora) of authors tant includes some material of this species. Specimens seen:—Unitep States: Missourr: Dallas Ee pce rte Bon On ee rene S- a - .5. P. tenutfolium e. Leaves broad, elliptic-ovate | or oblo f. Apophyses s globose, at apices = Seniesa: — nar- ’ rowing gradually to base of blade.........-- P. Hasslerianum f. Apophyses pyriform, below apices of filaments; apie i abruptly rounded at base of blade.......... 7. P. rotundifolium Y ae nceilatue 56 FOSTER 1. P. aureum, spec. nov. Annua, 14-30 cm. alta; cauils simplex vel supra basin ramosus, ramis divergentibus, paullum angulatus, summo nudus vel minute bracteatus. Folia alterna, pauciflorus, flos infimus a ceteris remotus. F lores pedicellati, ginibus ciliatis, ad 3 m ae ga; petala aurea, 2 superiora basi laminae limite se tata picnicking breviter unguiculata, oblongo-spathulata, obtusa, ad 6 mm. longa, 4 m m- ina 6; 2 longa, petala excedentia; 4 breviora filamentis apice in apophysin incrassati is. Ovarium ‘sessile vel subsessile, glabrum; stylus longus (ad 4-5 mm.), paullum arcuatus, persistens; cap- 1.8 em. lon sula lineari-oblonga, glabra, striata, 1— em. longa; semina 2-9, eae brunnea, transverse rugosa et aculeato-tubercu- lata mm. diam. Specime ns seen:—MEXICO: GUERRERO: Mina Dist ‘Parotas Filo, Paco. Aug. 31, 1936, Hinton et al.,.no. 9408 (G, F); Placeres, 400 m . alt., grassy hill, Aug. 20, 1937, Hinton et al., no. 10537 (rypE, G; isotype, F). MrcnoacAn: Zitcuaro Dist.: Tu preecmag cheo, 650 m. alt., dry hillside, Oct. 1, 1938, Hinton et al., no. 13297 (G, F). M&x ico: Temascal- tepec ‘Dist. : Coyuca-Querendas, July 12, 1934, Hinton et al., no. 6282 (G). It is improbable that this species will be confused with P. guyanense (Aubl.) Malme. The inflorescences are terminal, and the larger flowers are a much brighter and deeper yellow. The greatest differences lie in the stamens; in P. guyanense the apophyses are simple globose swellings below the apices of the filaments; in P. aureum the apophyses are found at the apices, and consist of two gibbous collars more or less surrounding the bases of the anthers, each collar prolonged downward, on one side only, into a blunt swollen spur. From P. Hemsleyanum (Bullock) Foster, with broadly ovoid or almost rhomboid capsules, it is easily distinguished by its linear-oblong capsules, as well as by its stamens. Of the material cited, nos. 10537, 9408, and 6282 were dis- tributed as Cleome ephemera T. 8S. Brandg. Originally, it was my intention to consider Hinton, no. 13297, as the type, and material so labelled has been distributed; with the acquisition of more material, Hinton, no. 10537, was found to be better, and I a beeiaus designating it as the type. UYANENSE (Aubl.) Malme in Bihang till K. Sv. Vet- a Handi. xxiv (Afd. 3, no. > "26 (1898). Cleome guyanensis ST ee ee eee kee eS ” ae ws ms i a a a a le a SYNOPSIS OF PHYSOSTEMON 57 Aubl. Pl. Guian. Fr. ii. 675, t. 273 (1775). P. guianense (Aubl.) Briq. in Ann. Conserv. & t4 rd. Bot. Genéve, xvii. 390 (1914). P. ambiguum Bong. in Bull. Se. Acad. Pétersb. i. 115 (1836). P. intermedium Moric. Pl. Nouv. Amér. 62, t. 42 (1839). Cleome ephemera T. 8S. Brandg. in Proc. Calif. A Acad. Sci. (ser. II) iii. 112 (1891). Specimens seen Fe ae Basa CALIFORNIA: San José del Cabo, Oct. 2, 1890, T. S. Brandegee (G; isotype of Cleome ephemera). Vera Cruz: Palmilla, July, 1920, Purpus, no. 8547 (G). Zacarecas: near San Juan Capistrano, Aug. 22, 1897, Rose, no. 2464 (G). Nayarit (TEpic): between Concepcion and Acaponeta, July 29, 1897, Rose, no. 1895 (G). GuERRERO: Mina Dist.: Placeres Bejucos, “400 m. alt., wet Mano, July 13, 1936, Hinton et al., 9075 (G); Coyuca’ Dist.: Chacamerito, ried 13, 1934, Hinton " a , no. 6289 (G). Oaxaca: Picacho, July, 19 4, Purpus, ma 7142 (G, F). CUBA: without locality, Wright, . 1867 ila t. Ge LOMB A: Llanuras de Nueva Huila, ca. 500 m., Dee. 1930, E. A. & Duque, no. 680 hae BRITISH GUIANA: Berbice, fie: Scho burg no. 204 (G, US, F). BRA- ZIL: without locality, Burchell, no. 8316 (G ), Herb. Bi (NY); beach at Santarem, T'raill, no. 17 G); falls of the Madeira, Oct. 1886, Rusby, no. 1160_ (G.. US); Banta: Serra Jacobina, 1839, Blanchet, no. 2717 (F); Crear: Gardner, no. 2394 (G, US, NY Matto Grosso: Cuyabd, Nov. 18, 1902, Malme, II, 2612 (G, F). Within this widespread species, there seems to be little more than the usual size-variation. In no way can I distinguish the Mexican Cleome ephemera Brandg., of which I have seen an isotype, from South American material of P. guyanense. The single West Indian collection cited, Wright, no. 1867, is in such poor condition that its attribution to this species must be doubtful Py LANCEOLATUM Mart. & Zuce. in Flora, vii (1, Beil. 4). $ T GEN Swallen, no. 4729 (US); CearA: in 1839, Gardner, no. 2395 NY). Molfino, in Physis, vii. 53 (1923), recorded a collection of P. lanceolatum from Argentina; Itacuararé to Apostoles, in the southern part of the territory of Misiones, in February, 1922. From the description given, the identification seems correct. He also noted the range as being from the Guianas to Paraguay, but I have, as yet, seen no material from Paraguay. In his treatment of this species in Mart. Fl. Bras. xiii (1). 244 (1865), Eichler cited, in synonymy, Cleome stenophylla Klotzsch 58 FOSTER in R. Schomb. Reise, iii. 1164 (1848), this being a nomen nudum. Under C. stenophylla, Klotzsch cited Schomburgk, no. 740, from the Rio Pirara in British Guiana. This number was seen and cited by Eichler, with Schomburgk, no. 466, from Mt. Roraima, under an unnamed variety of P. lanceolatum, which he charac- terized as ‘‘foliis angustioribus, saepius margine revoluto sub- setaceis.’”’ A sheet of no. 466 has been seen by me; it does not belong in Physostemon, since it lacks the apophyses on the sta- mens. The name Cleome stenophylla was validated by Urban, Symbol. Ant. iv. 251 (1905). Of the four collections cited by Urban, two sheets of Sintenis, no. 3314, from Puerto Rico, have been available to me. They appear to be conspecific with Schomburgk, no. 466, and with several other South American collections which I have seen. In its leaves, sessile ovary and capsule, general character of the flower, and general habit, Cleome stenophylla comes very close, indeed, to breaking down the generic distinction between Physostemon and the entire- leaved species of Cleome. 4. P. Hemsleyanum (Bullock), comb. nov. Cleomella Hems- ah Bullock in Kew Bull. 1936: 388. Cleome ibaa len Hemsl. n. Pl. Nov. pars alt. 20 (1879), and Biol. Centr.-Amer. Bot. 1 (1879), ae Cleome mexicana (Sessé & ies ae D. Dietr. Syn. PL ii. 1068 (1840). Jehan seen:—MEX : GUERRERO: Mina Dist.: hos eres, 400 m. alt., llano, hae. 18, 1936, Hinton Acapulco, 300400 tt. alt., Aug. 21, 1935, L. H. McDaniels, no. 159 (F); vicinity of Acapulco, Oct. 1894—Mar. 1895, Palmer, no. 214 (G). Oaxaca: Oaxaca, April, 1840, Galeotti, no. 3194 (TYPE, not seen; photo, F); Picacho-San Geronimo, Oct. 1913, Purpus, no. 6856 (G). On the basis of EN ae Bullock transferred Cleome mexicana Hemsl., itself a later homonym, to Cleomella, where the presence of Cleomella mexicana Sessé & Moc. ex DC. Prodr. 1. 237 (1824) forced the renaming of the species. In making this transfer, it seems to me, Bullock overlooked two important points. The stamens of Cleomella are all exapophysate, and both ovary and capsule are long-stipitate. Before me there are ® photograph of a sheet of the type-collection, Galeotti, no. 3194, and a sheet of Palmer, no. 214, cited by Bullock as belonging to this species. It is clear from these two items that the ovary 40 SYNOPSIS OF PHYSOSTEMON 59 capsule of Cleome mexicana Hemsl. are sessile or very nearly so, certainly not long-stipitate. Flowers on Palmer, no. 214 (sup- porting Hemsley’s amplified description in the Biol. Centr.- Amer.) show at least two apophysate stamens. Consequently, since the capsule is not unlike that of Physostemon tenuifolium, Mart. & Zucce., I regard the plant as belonging to that genus. One further point arises. Briquet, in Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot. Genéve, xvii. 390 (1914), treated Cleome mexicana Hemsl. as conspecific with Cleomella medicaginea Turcz. in Bull. soc. nat. Mose. xxvii (2). 313 (1854), making the combination Physo- stemon medicagineum (Turez.) Briq. Examination of the original description of Cleomella medicaginea makes this union seem | improbable. It was described as having compound leaves, the leaflets petiolulate, cuneate-obovate, retuse or emarginate; the ovary stipitate; the whole plant glabrous, and branched from the top; the bracts almost always trifoliolate; and the style as very briefly setuliform. In contrast, Cleome mexicana Hemsl. was described (the description being corroborated by the specimens here cited) as having simple, linear, mucronate-aculeate leaves; the ovary is shown by the specimens to be nearly sessile; the whole plant strigillose, and branched even from the base; the pedicels ebracteate; and the style long-filiform. What Turc- zaninow had, I do not know, but it seems quite impossible that it was related to the plant here treated as Physostemon Hemsley- anum. P. renurrotium Mart. & Zucc. in Flora, vii (1, Beil. 4). 130 (1824); Nov. Gen. & Spec. i. 73, t. 46 (1824). Specimens een:—BR RAZIL: PIAUHY: Garner no. 2036 (G, US, F, NY 797 (1903). Specimens seen:—PARAGUAY: Sierra de Mara- cayu, Yerbales, Rio Capibary, Sept., Hassler, no. 4434 (isotypes, G, F); Caaguazu, near the Rio Yhu, October, 1905, Hassler, no. 9506 (G). 7. P. rorunprFotiuM Mart. & Zuce. in Flora, vii (1, Beil. 4). 139 (1824); Nov. Gen. & Spee. i. 74, t. 47 (1 824). Specimens seen:—BRAZIL: Banta: Serra do Jacobina, 1839, Blanchet, no. 2710 (F, NY); Rio San Francisco, near Joazeiro, Martius, no. 2319 (ryPE, not seen; photos in G, F); Atacoas: Gardner, no. 1239 (G, N Y). 60 FOSTER DouBTFUL OR EXCLUDED SPECIES P. melanospermum incorrectly ascribed to S. Wats. by Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. & Pr. Nat. Pflanzfam. (ed. 2) xviib. 221 (1936). This was described by Watson, in Proc. Amer. Acad. xxi. 415 (1885), as Cleome (Physostemon) melanosperma, the type being Palmer, no. 94 (of his 1885 collections). 1 have examined this and find that it has compound leaves, a stipitate pod (the stipe being up to 6 mm. long), and all filaments lacking apophyses. Consequently, it seems incorrect to include it in Physostemon. P. medicagineum (Turez.) Brig. Reasons for the exclusion of this species are given in the discussion under P. Hemsleyanum. 3. THE REDISCOVERY OF RIESENBACHIA PRESL The genus Riesenbachia, described by Presl, Rel. Haenk. ii. 36, t. 54 (1831), from an incomplete specimen of Haenke’s, stated to have been collected in Mexico, has, since that time, remained something of a mystery. In 1909, Rose, in Contrib. U. 8. Nat. Herb. xii. 295, said of it: ‘This is one of the plants which should be carefully looked for by Mexican collectors.” It is unlikely that the late Mr. G. B. Hinton “carefully looked for’’ it, or that he had even heard of it, but, at different times in Michoacan and Guerrero, he collected four numbers of an onagraceous plant which, it seems to me, must be Riesenbachia racemosa Presl, |. ¢. A difficulty arises from the fact that Pres] described the mono- typic genus with the phrase “Corolla nulla’”’, a statement borne out by the details of his plate. Further, he described the calyx as “infundibuliformis corollinus’”, and his artist showed the calyx-lobes as large and somewhat petaloid, with one lobe larger than the others. No petaloid staminode was mentioned or figured. In every other respect, however, Presl’s description and the details of the plate agree perfectly with the Hinton specimens, as well as with a sheet of Langlassé, no. 651 (which was found among the unnamed sheets of Lopezia in the Gray Herbarium). The correspondence is so great that terminal portions of the plants superimposed on the plate agreed in di- mensions to within 144 mm. in most cases. Structural details were the same. ‘A Se REDISCOVERY OF RIESENBACHIA OL It seems to me unlikely that there could be two genera in the small lopezioid group of the Onagraceae showing such identity of detail in capsule, seeds, calyx-tube, adnation of the style to two sides of the calyx-tube, thus bisecting it, pubescence, size, and annual habit, and differing only in the presence or absence of petals and the sterile staminode. Moreover, it was stated by Count von Sternberg in his preface to Presl’s work (p. xi), that Haenke landed at Acapulco and, in November, 1791, travelled alone to Mexico City, returning to Acapulco in December, 1791. Upon finding the locations for the Hinton collections, it was obvious that they had been obtained at low altitudes in the very region of Guerrero that Haenke had to traverse twice on his journey to and from Mexico City, and were collected at the same time of year, November and December. There remains only the question of the corolla and staminode. It is possible, of course, that Haenke secured an aberrant speci- men which really lacked these parts, with a compensating en- largement of the calyx-lobes, but another explanation occurs to me. In making my own dissections, it was difficult (sometimes nearly impossible) to separate petals from calyx-lobes, so firmly were they matted together by pressure. Unless such a dissection were carefully done, it is quite understandable that the flower- structure could be misinterpreted. When the petals adhere to the sepals in this manner, the effect of large, petaloid calyx-lobes is readily produced. I suggest that some such misinterpretation is what occurred and that, in view of the otherwise complete correspondence between the recent collections and Presl’s description and figure, the diagnoses of the genus and species should be emended. ne : Sblaneericce 4 mm. ~lon ng, 1 mm. wide, more or less obtuse, short clawed, with an oblique, arcuate “ gland” or tubercle at the base of the blade; anterior petals 4 mm. long, obovate-spatulate, short-clawed, the blade 2.5 mm. wide, obtuse. Sterile staminode with an obcordate blade 2.5 mm. long, with an 0.75 mm. apiculus at the apex; fertile stamen 4-4.5 mm. long, the filament 2.5-3 mm., thick, swollen at the middle, the anther 1.5 mm. long. 62 FOSTER Style as long as the filament. The color of the flower is reported as eee or pink by Hinton, and as ‘“‘rouge violacé”’ by Lan- glas The following material has been seen:—MEXICO: Micuo- AcAN or GUERRERO: Cajiniouilar, sol granitique, 300 m Nov. 19, 1898, Langlassé, no. 651. MICHOACAN: Coalcomdn Dist.: Huizontla, 400 m. alt., in woods, Nov. 17, 1938, Hinton wooded hill, Hinton et al., 10974; Montes de Oca Dist.: Vallecitos, Dec. 10, 1937, Hinton et al., no. 11652; same locality, Nov. 29, 1937, Hinton et al., no. 11620. All specimens cited are in the Gray Herbarium. 4. A NOTE ON THE LOCALITY-DATA OF ECKLON AND ZEYHER’S AND DREGE’S SOUTH AFRICAN COLLECTIONS Several years ago, while going over the material of some South Afriean Iridaceae in the Gray Herbarium, I was puzzled by certain specimens, obviously old, bearing small printed labels, with the name of the species and a double number on each, but with no indication of collector or locality. On inquiry, it ap- peared that, for want of other information, these were known as “Sieber numbers.” An investigation was begun which ulti- mately yielded results. Recently, among material of Micranthus borrowed from several other American herbaria, a few more of these specimens have been found. The sheets from two of these institutions bear special labels with the collectors’ names, but locality-data are lacking. Consequently, it may be worth- while to record my results, briefly. In the first place, a comparison of the labels with those of known Sieber specimens showed that the type and paper used in printing were different from Sieber’s, and no more time was spent on the hypothesis that these might be Sieber collections. Examination of more of our South African material brought to light many more of these unknowns, with one sheet whose label solved part of the problem immediately. This label read as follows: “Geissorhiza No. 218. E. Z. 70.10.” It was obvious that the initials stood for two of the great South African collec- ‘tors, Ecklon and Zeyher. On going through the specimens of * ee REDISCOVERY OF RIESENBACHIA 63 Geissorhiza cited by Baker in Fl. Cap. vi. 67-76 (1896), this number was found under G. foliosa Klatt, recorded as having been collected by Ecklon and Zeyher near Riet Kuil in Swellen- dam Division, Cape Province. Turning to the original descrip- tion of G. foliosa, in Linnaea, xxxiv. 658 (1865-66), it was found that Ecklon & Zeyher, no. 218 was the type-collection, being the only one cited. However, Klatt gave the data as “‘Zwellendam, am Berge bei Puspasvallei.” There, in this disagreement between Klatt and Baker, the matter rested for a time. Not long after, on receiving the Kew material of Geissorhiza, no example of this collection was found, although Baker (I. c.) indicated that he had seen one. | 4 Shortly after this, the rest of the problem was solved. It was found that in Linnaea, xix. 583-589) (1847), J. F. Drége had given an explanation of the incomprehensible numbers, and a list of the localities represented by each. An addendum was given in Linnaea, xx. 258 (1847). Checking the number 70.10 in the list gave this result: ‘70. Zwellendam, am Berge bei Puspasvalle7, Voormansbosch, Duivelsbosch, und am Fluss Keureboomrivier, 1000-4000’. The second part of the number, 10, represents the month in which the collection was made, October. Following this tabulation, Drége gave a comparison of Ecklon and Zeyher’s collections with his own, Linnaea, xix. 599-680, continued in Linnaea, xx. 183-257. By means of the data on p. 222 of the second comparative article, the discrepancy between Baker and Klatt was cleared up. Baker, in addition to citing Ecklon & Zeyher, no. 218, also cited Zeyher, no. 3961, from the same locality, Riet Kuil. Drége gave the following information: “E. Z. 218 = Z. II, 3961 (124.10). From the explanation of signs on p. 600 of the first comparative article, this is to be translated as follows: Ecklon and Zeyher, no. 218 is the same as Zeyher’s no. 3961, of his third set, collected in October, along the banks of the Buffeljagdrivier, from Swellendam to Riet Kuil [for Zeyher, naturally, used the same numerical locality-code; see Linnaea, xix. 590]. That is, Baker became confused and applied 124.10 to Ecklon & Zeyher, no. 218, when it belonged only to Zeyher, no. 3961, as Drége’s explanation of the parentheses showed. From these lists and articles, it has been possible to secure reasonably exact locality-data for any Ecklon and Zeyher specimen bearing the original label or an exact copy of it. 64 FOSTER In American herbaria there are probably fewer Drége collec- tions than there are of Ecklon and Zeyher, but several have recently been sent to me from the New York Botanical Garden, and several dozen were found when the extra-New England collections of the Boston Society of Natural History were trans- ferred to the Gray Herbarium in 1941. At the same time that the Ecklon and Zeyher investigation was going on, an attempt was being made to secure data for some Drége sheets which were already in the Gray Herbarium prior to 1941. Obviously, since Baker had given data for most of his Drége citations in the Flora Capensis, the information existed somewhere. A_ fortunate accident, while checking an obscure reference, made the search brief, for it was discovered that Drége’s plants had been enu- merated, with an outline of the geographic areas recognized and the locality-symbols employed by him, by E. Meyer in a supple- ment to the second part of Flora for 1843. Much later, it was found that the system employed had been fully explained by Knoblauch in Notizbl. xi. 627-628 (1932). By using Meyer's index and outline, it has been possible to discover the locality- data for most of the Drége specimens which I have seen. 5. MISCELLANEOUS DIAGNOSES AND TRANSFERS Folia opposita, sessilia vel brevipetiolata, petioli ad 3 mm. long}, dense strigosi; laminae ovatae vel lanceolato-ellipticae, acutae, serratulae, utrinque dense et longe strigosae, ad 3.5 cm. longae et 1.8 cm. latae. Inflorescentia terminalis, laxe racemoso-panicu- lata, pedicelli filiformes, patento-adscendentes, glabri_ vel ad uberula, ca. 8 mm. longa, 1.5 mm. lata, apice subeucullata; petala posteriora ad 1 em. longa, spathulata, lamina 3 mm. lata, stylus ca. 2 mm. longus; capsula glabra, globosa, ad 5 mm. longa, seminibus numerosis; semina immatura brunnea, dense ieiieiMatiei as Ct aa idole hte ais 3, NOTE ON LOCALITY-DATA 65 Hae papillosa, 1 mm. longa—MEXICO: Gurrrero: Mina Dist.: Yesceros-Cruz Pacifica, 2550 m. alt., rocky slope in oak forest, Nov. 26, 1939, Hinton et al., no. 14902 (TYPE, G). This species belongs to the small group which has been segre- gated by some workers as the genus Jehlia, as by Rose in Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. xii. 297 (1907), Sprague & Riley in Journ. Bot. Ixii. 12-13 (1924), and Standley in Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. xxiii. 1075 (1924). From these species, L. Hintoni differs in its dense pubescence, and in its smaller and glabrous flowers with circular “glandular”? patches at the base of the blade of the posterior petals. When Professor Fernald considered the generic segregates of Helianthemum, in Rhodora, xliii. 609-614 (1941), he showed that these segregates rest upon characters which hardly hold for the American species he was dealing with, and therefore should be abandoned. There is one Mexican species, described in Halim- zum, which it becomes necessary to transfer to Helianthemum. ° HELIANTHEMUM exaltatum (Rose & Standl.), comb. nov. Halimium exaltatum Rose & Standl. in Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. xxl. 833 (1923). To the two Pritigle collections cited in the original description, the following may be added: MEXICO: Mexico: Dist. Temascaltepec: Pineda, dry hill, Jan. 22, 1933, Hinton, no. 3190 (G). Mrcnoacan: Coaleoman Dist.: Coaleo- man, in woods, 1000 m. alt., Feb. 8, 1939, Hinton et al., 12960 (G). CupHEA michoacana, spec. nov. Planta annua, herbacea, - 45 em. alta. Caulis subglaber vel unifariter fe rulus. Fol centes vel. palidad suman breves, rotunda, apie uncinatis inflexis; interne glaber. Petala dorsalia longa, lutea vel albido-lutea, obovata, obtusa; petala, pallahen se desunt. Stamina 11, inelusa, filamentis glabri is. Ovarium magnum, glabrum, stylus glaber ovarium 14 aequans, stigma capitatum; ovula 3-4 (-5); discus tat deflexus, apice plus — minusve incurvus; semina 2 mm. longa, minute scrobiculata, atrobrunnea, maculata, plerumque ‘(2-) 3-—MEXICO: MIcHoOA- 66 FOSTER cAN: Dist. Coaleoman: Puerto Zarzamora, 1720 m. alt., Sept. 27, 1938, Hinton et al., no. 12268 (rypE, G), and no. 12269 (G). The sessile or subsessile leaves and the deflexed disc appear to place this species in Section Brachyandra, Subsection Micran- thium, but the dorsal lobe of the calyx is so produced as to suggest Subsection Lophostomopsis. In that group, however, the leaves are petiolate and the disc suberect, although an exception is found in C. Ferrisiae Bacig., which has been placed in Lophosto- mopsis despite its decidedly deflexed disc. The type has the calyx brilliant red, with the throat yellowish green, while the other specimen cited has the calyx paler green, and leaves more attenuate at the base. The difference in color of the calyx may be due to the greater maturity of the flowers. Q, o =] 9} oO nD co 5 5) & > al a (= =! we ° =F > S 7a) a ® =a Di a O Oo = =) Qu =) 5 ox oO - < ° D =) rescentia dense vel laxe racemoso-paniculata, bracteae parvae; pedicelli 1 mm. longi, strigulosi, bracteolae lanceolato-ovatae, 0.5 mm. longae, marginibus ciliatis. Calyx ad 6-7 mm. longus, ex- terne aliquanto strigulosus, pilis longis albis vel pallide rubris re- motis ad costas; lobus dorsalis aliquanto productus; intus infra stamina dorsalia villosus, ceterum glaber; vesiculae infrastamina- les 8. Petala dorsalia 2, longe unguiculata, ad 4.5-5 mm. longa, laminae ovatae vel suborbiculatae; petala ventralia ad 2 mm. longa, oblanceolata vel subspathulata. Stamina 11, inclusa, fila- mentis 4 sparse villosis. Ovarium, apice excepto, glabrum; stylus breviter pilosus, apice subbilobus, inclusus; ovula 3; discus parvus, suberectus; semina 2 mm. longa, exalata, minute scrobiculata.— MEXICO: Guerrero: Dist. Montes de Oca: llano at Vallecitos, July 6, 1937, Hinton et al., no. 10570 (typr, G); Dist. Mina: Placeres, 400 m. alt., July 28, 1936, Hinton et al., no. 9166 (G); ist. Coyuca: Cutzamala Rancho, Aug. 13, 1925, Hinton et al., no. 8164 (G). M&xico: Dist. Temascaltepec: Ixtapan, 1000 m. alt., Aug. 3, 1933, Hinton, no. 4478 (G). This species belongs in Section Brachyandra, Subsection Lophostomopsis, since its calyx-length, slightly produced dorsal lobe, ovule-number, stamen-number, and suberect disc are quite characteristic of that subsection. From the other members of the subsection, it can be distinguished immediately by the a a i Ec Ce ae ee ee NOTE ON LOCALITY-DATA 67 presence of infrastaminal vesicles, from which it takes its specific name. CUPHEA pertenuis, spec. nov. erba annua, 10-60 cm. alta. Caulis simplex vel I ieee goede vel strigulosus, setis plurimis purpureis bulbosis ornatus. Folia petiolata, petioli ad 5-6 mm. longi; laminae lanceolato-ovatae, inferiores basi cordatae vel subcordatae, superiores basi obtusae vel in petiolum abrupte contractae, acuminatae, ad 3 cm. longae, 1.5 cm. latae, utrinque strigulosae, subtus nervis paululum hispidulis. Inflores- centia terminalis, racemosa vel paniculata, bracteata; pedicelli ad 7 mm. longi, glabri, bracteolati, bracteolis parvis, ciliatis. Calyx 3-6 mm. longus, rotundato-calearatus vel calcar sub- nullus, abrupte et valde in fauce dilatatus, hispidulus, pluribus setis purpureis interspersis; interne glaber. Petala dorsalia 2, 3.5-4 mm. filamenta glabra, raro pilosula, perlonge exserta. Ovarium glabrum, magnum; stylus glaber, exsertus; ovula 8-10; discus sate subulatus, deflexus; semina vix 1 mm. lon nga, pallide brunnea. —MEXICO: MExico: Dist. Temascaltepec: Volean, Nov. 5, 1932, Hinton, no. 2504 (G), same locality, in a barranca, Oct. 11, 1935, Hinton et al., no. 8545 (G); oak woods, Tejupilco- San José, Dec. 3, 1934, Hinton et al., no. 7083 (G): Tenayac, Nov. 17, 1933, Hinton, aoe 5113 (G), same locality, Oct: 17, 1935, Hinton el al., 1 (3) bags eject 2790 m. alt., Dec. 14, 1932, Hints no. er (G). MricnoacAn: Dist. Coalco- mdn: woods, Coalcomén, 1000 m. alt., Dees 31, 1938, Hinton et al., no. 12845 (G); Dist. Zitdcuaro: in res oak forest, Zita- cuaro-Guanoro, 1900 m. alt., Nov. 18, 1938, Hinton et al., no. 13460 (Typr, G). GueERRERO: Mina Dist.: oak woods, Zihuagio, 00 m. alt., Oct. 17, 1936, Hinton, no. 9717 (G). It is strange that a species apparently as common as this should so long have gone undescribed, yet I can neither match it nor trace it to any species described. It is difficult, too, to place it in its proper position in the genus. In some respects this species seems to resemble C. delicatula T. S. Brandg., a species placed by Koehne (in his unpublished Atlas Lythracearum) in an unnamed subsection following Subsection Oidemation in Section Euandra. The two plants are annuals, with a very slight and fragile habit of growth, thus being distinguished at once from the shrubs and subshrubs, or rhizomatous perennial herbs, which make up the rest of the section. Yet the new species is quite distinct from C. delicatula. The calyx is basally slightly 68 FOSTER gibbous, or rounded-spurred, the disc is small and almost absent, possibly actually absent in some individuals, there are 8 or more ovules, instead of 4, with usually 5 maturing into seeds, and the stamens are very much exserted. Cupnea WriGHTI var. compacta, var. nov. A C. Wrightio inflorescentia dense compacta, foliis semper cordatis, staminum filamentis basi sparse villosis, differt—MEXICO: MrcHoac&n: ELO a 5000 ft., July 26, 1896, Pringle, no. 6387 (G)._ M&xico: Nepantla, August, 1963, Rose & Painter, no. 6616 (G). In general, the cordate leaves and densely compact inflores- cences serve to distinguish the variety from the species, in which the flowers are more distantly scattered in a loose raceme, and in which the leaves are seldom more than subcordate at the base. Goldsmith, no. 95, from Hacienda San Bartolo, Teccoman, Colima (GQ), is more or less intermediate, with the inflorescence less compact than in the variety, but sath truly cordate leaves. CuPHEA BRACTEATA Hook. & Arn. (1841) is a later homonym of C. bracteata Lag. (1811), and was renamed Parsonsia Arnottiana by Standley. I cannot find that this name has been transferred to Cuphea, and accordingly do so: CUPHEA Arnottiana era - nov. Parsonsia Arnot- tiana Standl. in Contrib. U. Herb. xxiii. 1020 (1924). C. bracteata Hook. & Arn. Be eu Voy. 289, 423 (1841), not —— (1811). HEA trichochila, spec. nov. Suffrutex vel suffruticulosus. Caulis brunneus vel rubro-brunneus, juventute unifariter puberu- lus, _ paucis longioribus intermixtis, caules seniores glabrati. Fol la sessilia, opposita, anguste oblon go-elliptica, 0.5-2.5 em. onga, 74 mm. lata, basi perattenuata, apice obtusa, margines — ciliati, pilis longis. Inflorescentia terminalis, rhachis se glanduloso-villosus: pedicelli ad 1 em. longi, glanduloso- villosi, bracteolae ca. 0.75 mm. lon ngae, brunneo-setulosae. Jalyx 2.5-3 em. Sonedn rae Soran slr et breviter strigulosus, lobi marginibus dense ciliati; interne alae dorsuales sparse villosulae, ceterum glaber. Petala Seank Stamina 11, filamenta sparse vi illosa, 4 exserta oe cum gene eat OvanW> i a NN i a a a i Sota hacia nati maaan a a ic MISCELLANEOUS DIAGNOSES AND TRANSFERS 69 It is unfortunate that only a fragment of the original plant has been available, and that no details as to height are given on the label; but it is apparent that the species is rather shrubby and that it must have an appearance unlike that of any other shrubby species of Cuphea known to occur in Mexico. In Koehne’s key to the genus, this falls into Section Melvilla, Subsection Erythro- calyx, series 3, between C. Caeciliae Koehne and C. platycentra Lemaire, although it has no real resemblance to the latter. The specific name refers to the densely ciliate margin of the calyx and, although less accurately, to the hairy margin of the leaves. CupHra ornithoides, spec. nov. Suffrutex, ca. 1 m. altus. Caulis strigulosus et unifariter eager pilis curvatis. Folia sessilia vel raro petiolata, peti a mm. longi, utrinque strigulosa, 2.5-5 em. longa, 5-18 n mm. lata, folia inferiora lanceo- lata vel lanceolato-ovata, basi attenuata, apice acuminata, folia superiora non nunquam m lineari-lanceolata. Inflorescentia foliata, flores interaxillares, pedicelli 8-10 mm. longi, unifariter puberuli, apice pilis paucis longis rubris, bracteolae lineari-subulatae, 1.25 mm. longae. Calyx totus ad 1.8 em. longus, calear conspicuum 7 mm. longum, rubescens, valde glandiuloeo-hireatus, lobus dorsalis breviesimus; interne bicostatus, infra stam mis eae, eta . longa, br “blonee-erathanitac obtusa, atropurpurea; petala ventralia 4, ~2 mm. longa, purpurea, subspathulata vel non nunquam lineari- subulata. Stamina 11, 4 exserta, filamenta plerumque sparse villosula. Ovarium glabrum; stylus glaber, breviter exsertus; ovula 10; discus suberectus vel subhorizontalis, apice paulo recurvatus.— MEXICO: Guerrero: Mina Dist.: : Rio Frio, oak woods, 1300 m. alt., Sept. 17, 1937, Hinton et al., no. 10678 (TYPE, G); Chiriagua-Rio Frio, 1760 m. alt., Nov. 19, 1936, Hinton et al., no. 9859 (G); Pilas, pine forest, 1500 m. "alt. Nov. 20, 1936, Hinton et al., no. 9863 (G). Although I consider this species to belong to Section Diplopty- chia, Subsection Leioptychia, series 2, there is a definite resem- blance, in the habit of the flower with its very much upturned spur, to C. avigera Robins. & Seat., a member of Section Ornitho- cuphea. C. ornithoides is much larger, possesses a dise which is unlike that of the members of Ornithocuphea, and the leaves are basally attenuate or acute, instead of more or less cordate- clasping. 70 FOSTER CupnHea pulcherrima, spec. no Herba annua. Caulis 0.5-1.5 m. altus, pilis appressis. Folia sessilia vel subsessilia, lanceolata, basi subobtusa, apice acu rs oe sparse hispidula, subtus densiora hispidu la, prae ervis. Infl orescentia racemosa vel paniculata, plu Sheds cpaiiealli 3-10 mm. longi, divaricati, bracteolae deltoideo-subulatae, 0.5 mm. longae. alyx totus ad 1.8-2 cm. longus, calear rectum vel curvatum non setosis albis comati; interne valde bialatus, in fauce supra stam dense longi-villosus, squamulae luteae ‘tubereulato-subulatae paulo brevi-villosae. Petala dorsalia 2, valde reflexa, a mm Stamina 11, triseriata, plerumque exserta, filamenta villosa. Ovarium ep abru rum, ovula (5-) 10 (raro me stylus gs paulo a et a no. 14813 oa Chinagti, ia m. ae Nov. 18, ; 4 Dist.: Pueblo Vigio, 1950 m. alt., Nov. 8, 1939, Hinton et al., no. 14820 (G); Adama Dist.: Achota, trail west of Suriana, 635 m. alt., Nov. 12, 1934, Mezia, no. 8808 (G). A member of Section Ornithocuphea, this plant is obviously close to C. Hintoni Bullock, but can be distinguished from that species, as well as from C. avigera, by the fact that the two dorsal petals are distinctly smaller than the ventral petals and are strongly reflexed backwards. In addition, it has usually twice as many ovules as C. Hintoni, is lighter in color, and somewhat larger in size. The dorsal lobe of the calyx is much shorter than the others, giving an oblique mouth to the calyx, as in C. cyanea DC. and C. Hookeriana Walp. From C. avigera, it is further to be distinguished by the presence of a disc, and by the bracteoles on the pedicels, INDEX New scientific names are printed in full-face type so Si! 29, 34, se Be 2 ae. 3 34, 35; Lahiue 48: pulehella’ 48° Sellowi- ana, Beatonia, 16; coelestina, 15, 31 Botherbe bulbosa, 47, 48; spatha, 12 longi- Calydorea, 7, 8, 27, 35, 46, 47, 52, 54; TO - 46; azurea, 46; campestris, 47 malensis, 46; longispatha, 12; speciosa, 47; texana, 31, 33, 35; xiphioides, 47 Capparidaceae e, 55 Cardenanthus, 3, 4, 53, 54; bolivi- ensis, 3, 4-6; She epar ardae, 4, 5, 6; tunariensis, 4, 5, 6; Venturii, 4, pe tae ee 10, 11; longispatha, 12 Cham 52, 54 = ~ ~~ 27, 30; cernuus, 27; multiflor 5, OT: tenuis » 27, 39 ea 27, "52, Cleome, 58, sect. Physostemon, 55; ephaniane. 56, 57; guyanensis, 56; melanosperma, 6; m mexicana pease 58, er — (Sessé & Moc.) D. ., 58; stenophylla 57, Cleomella, 58; Hemsleyana, 58; medi- caginea, 59: mexica 8 uphea, sect. Brachy yandra, subsect. ee 86, ect. Mi- hi 66; s t, Diphopayehin, subsect. Leioptyobix. 69; sect. Euandra, subsect. Oidemation, ot sect. Melvilla, subse yt calyx, 69; sect. Oruitheouhen: 69, 70; Arn ottian iana, 68; avigera, 69, 70; bracteata Hook. & Arn., 68 bracteata Lag., 68; Caeciliae, 69; cyanea, 70; “delicatula, 67; Fer- risiae, 66; Hinto oni, 70; gyre ot 70; mic choac itho- ghtii, acta, Cypella, 22, 23, 45, 51, 53, 54; Drum- mondii, 34; Herberti, 23; Her- oe 45; Hoppii, 24; Rosei, 44, Drége, A Note on the Locality-data of Ecklon & Zeyher and, 62 Ecklon.& Zeyher and Drege, A Note on the Locality-data of, Eleutherine, 27, 46, 52, She guate- malensis af Ennealophus Eurynotia, %, 52, 54; Penlandii, 6, 7 Eustylis, 51; purpurea, 44 Ferraria Lahue, 48 Geissorhiza, 50, 62, 63; iad ra Bur see 50; foliosa wisa ; ntha, ror, secun a, 50 Gelasine, "27, 33, 52, 54; “ae asl 12; ? texana, 31, 33, 34 Halimium, 65; pp rieocee 65 Helianthemum, ere 65 Herbertia, 34; cacrules, 3 4; Drum- mondiana, 34; ummondii, 34; lineata, 48; ilshells. 48; Watsoni. 34 Iridaceae, 3, 8-10, 12, 45, 51, 62; ies New Genera of ‘South Ameri- n, 3- ag ‘t, 51, 53, 54; brachystigma, 34; verna Ixia, 16; a cuta Barton, 31, 33, 34; acuta Pecreatig 31; caelestina, 15; coelestina, 15, 26, Jehlia, 65 Lansber tag O53, 53 Lopezia, 60; Hintoni, 64, 65 Mariea, 16; se 15 Mas tigostyla, 22, 23, 51, 53, a, Mastigcxta Johnston Notes 0 n, 22— asii, 23-26; c eyrto- phyla, 22, 24-26; iG; Seeoull, 22, 24, 26; Jo hnston i, 25 Micranthus, 62 Moraeeae, 28, 29 (71) te INDEX ey ei 16, 26, 27-29, 34, 37-39, 5 emas stylis 28, 41; coelestina, iB 26, 27, 36, 37, 44, var. tenuis, 27, 39; Dugesii, 44; flava 44: floridana, 28, 30, 35;- geminiflora, 21y 205 30, 33-37; lati- folia, 28, 44; ‘Lehmannii, 28, 44; ae 24, gr 42, 42; chautha, 44; ations. 44; oa , 44 tylis, 30; acuta, 34 Neomarica, 16, 53, 54 Onagracea Ort viene BE 49, ot a oF chim: boracensis, var. exs Parsonsia fe ae 68 Phaiophleps, 4, 52, 54 Physostem mon, '55, "5S, 60; Physoste- mon Mart. & Zuce.., A Synopsis of, 55-60; i 7; aure 55, 56; guianense, 57; guyanense, 55-57; Hasslerianum, 55, 59; ] eyanum, : intermedi, 51; lanceolatum, 55, 97, 58; medic aaey ane ; melanospermum lium, 55, 59; telisiilicn. § 35, 59 Physostemum, 55 Pseudotrimezia, 8, 9, 52; Barretoi, 8, 9 Riesenbachia, 60, 61; eet ag rs: Presl, The Rediseovery of, racemosa, Rigidella, 17, 18, 53, 54; Rigidella Lindl tare Genus, 17- 23: flammea, 17-22; immaculata, 1 yale ee 17, 18, 21, 22 Saesninooty te, 10, 11, 16, 17; coe les 15, 16 fe eae 28, 29 Sisyrinchium, 49, 52, 53; grandi- florum, 47; speciosum, 47; xiphio- -53 6, 26, 49, 52, r, The sect. Cardiostigma, subg Cardiostigma, 10, 17; subg. Gomph ostigma, 10, 49; alice, 10, 49; elestinum, 11, 15, 36, 44: tonii, 11, 14; longispathum, 9-14, 16, var. filiforme, 13; mexicanum, lI, ak, gas landianum, 48; Sellowianum, 10; Spruceanum Pasa astospaeing 52 Tapeinia, 52, 53 Tigridia, 16, VT. 29, 51, 53, 54 richonema coelestinum, 15 Trifurcia rapier ree Trimezia, 8, OF HARVARD UNIVER ‘Reprinted from Ruopora, Vol. 47, April-June, 1945 UTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM Reprinted from Ruopora, Vol. 47, April-June, 1945 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY CLVI BOTANICAL SPECIALTIES OF THE SEWARD FOREST AND ADJACENT AREAS OF SOUTHEASTERN VIRGINIA M. L. FERNALD Dates oF IssvE Pages 93-142 and Plates 876-889. .......-.-0-eeee eee eeee: 14 April, 1945 Pages 149-182 and Plates 890-907. ......----+++eeseeeceee: 14 May, 1945 Pages 191-204 an Pg eg EAE er ee une, CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY—NO. CLVI BOTANICAL SPECIALTIES OF THE SEWARD FOREST AND ADJACENT AREAS OF SOUTH- EASTERN VIRGINIA! M. L. FERNALD (Plates 876-911) PartI. Two Visits To THE SEWARD ForEST IN 1944 Dr. Alfred Akerman, Director of the Seward Forest, and Mr. J. B. Lewis, Naturalist of the Forest, most kindly renewing invi- tations for me to return for study of the local flora at seasons different from those when I had visited the area in October of 1942 and in April, 1943, I gladly returned on June 19, 1944, for a week of local exploration. Lewis had been saving his gasoline- coupons against our needs but, naturally, we could not go far from Triplett, although we did get one trip, specially seeking further limits of range of Asarum Lewisii Fernald in Ruopora, xlv. 398, plates 774 and 775 (1943), as far as Poplar Creek, draining into the Roanoke in southwestern Brunswick County. We did not need to go far for interesting returns, for within the limits of Seward Forest and the immediate vicinity of Triplett there was plenty to occupy us. The fruit of Rubus was ripening and, since some of the species of this region of the outer Piedmont were quite unlike those I knew on the Coastal Plain, I made a point of securing a good series (and of testing the fruits). There ' The cost of plates defrayed through grants from the AMBRICAN PHILOSOPHICAL Socrery and from the DepaRTMENT oF BioLoGy or Harvarp UNIVERSITY 94 Rhodora [APRIL are several strikingly different species. Some of these will be discussed in Part II. As we drove from the train, at Emporia, to the Seward Forest, Lewis said, ‘‘Don’t forget to remind me to show you a strange Baptisia when we get to Philadelphia Church. It’s the only colony I ever saw of it’. So, when we got to the locality we stopped and I promptly said ‘ Baptisia tinctoria’”’. ‘But the flowers are so small. What I know as Baptisia tinctoria has larger flowers and leaves”. It is the typical Coastal Plain ex- treme, the plant separated by Small as B. Gibbesii from “Sandy woods, Coastal Plain, 8. C.’’, although, as I showed in RHopora, xxxix. 414 (1937), B. Gibbesii is a close match for the type of B. tinctoria (L.) R. Br., while the common inland and northern plant, with which Lewis had been familiar, is the usually coarser B. tinctoria, var. crebra Fernald, |. c. Since I had just sent for issue in Rwopora, xlvi. 281 (1944) a note by Dr. Robert Clausen, in which he expressed the opinion that “Var. crebra seems scarcely tangible’’, Lewis’s unsolicited tribute to its w ont was interesting. etraialy. nowhere else in the region have I seen anything so small-flowered and -fruited as the colony near Philadelphia Church. This intrusion into the upland flora of the Piedmont in Bruns- wick and western Greensville Counties of plants more charac- teristic of the Coastal Plain was emphasized by me in my last paper on the Virginian work'; and now, again, we met at almost every turn a singular mixture of inland or upland species (some- times specialties of the Appalachian Upland or of the Mississippi Basin) and those which are primarily on the Coastal Plain, although, naturally, only a few of the latter have intruded so far inland. In fact, the first plant I collected after getting into old clothes, the everywhere abundant representative of Rubus § Cuneifolii, was at once impressive on account of the 5-foliolate leaves of the primocanes, with very narrow leaflets. To me it seems a close match for R. sejunctus, described by Bailey from material collected by Long and me near Branchville, 30 miles to the east and well out on the Coastal Plain in southern Southamp- ton County—there also on Meherrin drainage. eae Botanizing under Restrictions, Co mtrib. Gray Herb. no. clxix. RHODORA xlv. 357-413, 445-480, 485-511 (1943)—especially pp. 374-377. 1945] Fernald,— Botanical Specialties of Virginia 95 Two stations, one of them within the Seward Forest, the other barely not, are specially noteworthy. The most distinctive is the little spring-fed and (originally) Sphagnum-carpeted Mag- nolia swamp, which is called the “Ram-hole” or ‘“Ram-hole Swamp’’, because of the ram once installed for pumping the spring-water. I have previously noted it and in September it yielded more than its share of Coastal Plain specialties. In June, however, these were scarcely evident, the most notable plant then being a long-arching and doming blackberry such as I had never met, but which proved to be characteristic across the county, even to its southwestern corner, and eastward into Greensville County. Since it is so characteristic of the Seward Forest and its vicinity I shall describe and illustrate it (PLATES 890 and 891) in Part II and there take the liberty of naming it for the Director of the Forest, although, if he could discover it, he would doubtless prefer his name to be associated with a new tree! Further discussion of ““Ram-hole Swamp”’ will be de- ferred until I record the September trip. The area which in June had the greatest mixture of upland and Coastal Plain types was the ‘Moseley flat pineland’’!, near Triplett. It was here that Lewis had found Cynoctonum sessili- folium (Walt.) J. F. Gmel., at the only known station north of the savannas of the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, and Hypericum setosum L., a characteristic southern species already known very locally from the Coastal Plain of Virginia, forty-five miles away. Here in June the most striking plant was a Fimbristylis, forming dense and tough hassocks, with many already fruiting tufts arising from bulbous bases crowded on the stout and short rhizomes. This was new to me (also to Virginia). Its identifi- cation has necessitated a prolonged study of its section of the genus, which will be detailed in Part II. Briefly, it is ¥. Drum- mondit Boeckl., described from New Orleans but found (though commonly misidentified) in pine or oak barrens, on sterile mead- ows, prairies, etc., from Florida to eastern Texas, northward, very locally, to Long Island, and, more generally, in the Interior to southern Michigan, Illinois and Missouri. With it, and giving - further inland atmosphere to the spot, was Psoralea psoralioides ‘The labels for this station got printed ‘mostly flat pineland’’. If any of them chanced to be distributed without correction, the error should be noted. 96 Rhodora [APRIL (Walt.) Cory, var. eglandulosa (Ell.) F. L. Freeman, widely dispersed from interior Georgia to eastern Texas, northward to the upland of North Carolina and to Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri and eastern Kansas, with its only previously known Virginian station in similar flat pineland at McKenney, 25 miles to the north, in Dinwiddie County. And with these two charac- teristically inland plants Juncus Longii Fernald in Ruopora, xxxix. 397, pl. 777, figs. 1-4 (1937), and J. scirpoides extended inland from the Coastal Plain, and the common Coastal Plain Scleria pauciflora formed loose tussocks. Near the margin of a small branch which borders this flat pineland I was puzzled by a very lax Carex with the flaccid culms loosely arching, so that the inflorescences lop to the ground. We had never had it in south- eastern Virginia, but it proves to be the chiefly inland C. harsu- tella Mackenzie. The “Moseley flat pineland”’ is an interesting tract. The day we visited the Roanoke drainage in southwestern Brunswick County we drove directly to Ebony, where we made the first stop. Near there a bit of undisturbed swaley thicket looked promising. Here was the long-arching new Rubus of the “Ram-hole Swamp’’, 12 miles to the northeast; and when, another day, I got it in abundance near Brink in Greensville County, thus demonstrating its occurrence over a belt at least 20 miles across, it was evident that I was dealing with a true species, not merely a clone. The Rubus leaned out of a clump of the unusual form of Willow-Oak, Quercus Phellos, with the lower leaf-surfaces white with fine silk, forma intonsa Fernald in Ruo- porA, xliv. 392 (1942), typical and abundant Q. Phellos having the leaves green and glabrous on both sides. And here, almost in Mecklenburg County and 120 miles inland from the coast, where true Juncus dichotomus occurs, was the very different species, which elsewhere pushes inland and which passes a8 4 mere flat-leaved variety of that coastal species, J. dichotomus, var. platyphyllus Wiegand. Its specific claims will be discussed in Part II. 5 Poplar Creek, emptying into the Roanoke, has good bottom- land woods, with an abundance of Acer floridanum and its very definite var. Longii Fernald in Ruopora, xliv. 426, pl. 726 (1942), the latter previously known only from calcareous slopes to the 1945] Fernald,—Botanical Specialties of Virginia 97 lower James in James City County, ninety miles away. Beneath them was a fruiting Aesculus. Without flowering material I balk at naming it. Gewm canadense, var. brevipes Fernald in Ruopora, xxxix. 410, pl. 479, figs. 1-3 (1937), supposed to be endemic on the bottomlands of the Nottoway, forty-five miles to the northeast, in Sussex County, abounded. It presumably will be found along the Roanoke in North Carolina. So, likewise, will be Boltonia caroliniana (Walt.) Fernald in Ruopora, xiii. 487, pl. 642 (1940), of southeastern Virginia and the lower Santee Valley of South Carolina, for here, on Poplar Creek, it is almost in North Carolina and far inland from its center on the Coastal Plain. The “‘Chamblis bigwoods” of the Seward Forest, a vast tract for which I learned in September to have a vast respect (having been lost there for three hours), had yielded on my two previous visits some choice and apparently isolated inland or montane plants, enumerated in the last Virginian paper: Panicum flezile, Polygala Senega, var. latifolia, and Zizia trifoliata, for instance. In June these woods were equally productive. Festuca paradoxa Desv. (F. Shortii), common in rich woods of the Coastal Plain, was here abundant, although, from the range given by Hitchcock and his map (chiefly from western North and South Carolina and northwestern Georgia to Iowa, Missouri, eastern Oklahoma and northeastern Texas), one would never guess it. Cypripediwm Calceolus L., var. pubescens (Willd.) Correll, was frequent, as was the southern Sanicula Smallii Bicknell. Young shrubs of Nyssa produced puzzling atypical leaves and I stumbled upon a few straggling shrubs of Castanea neglecta Dode, supposed by some to be a hybrid of C. dentata and C. pumila, but here, as in calcareous woodlands farther east, where it occurs, C. pumila would be out of place and C. dentata of acid woodland would scarcely have thrived. But the great excitement was a knoll in rich woods bordering the swamp along Quarrel’s Creek, a slope covered with abundant Sanicula Smallii, Carex oxylepis and other species of rich southern woodland. On this knoll the leaves of a low Circaea were of a pale yellowish green, the margins of the rounded-cordate blades undulate, the pedicels purple- based, the sepals somewhat villous on the back, the tiny fruits as in the northern C. canadensis Hill (C. intermedia Ehrh.). 98 Rhodora [APRIL Outside of Europe C. canadensis is known from the Gaspé Pen- insula of eastern Quebec to Lake St. John, and south to Nova Scotia, southern Maine, southern New Hampshire, western Massachusetts and Connecticut, New York and upland West Virginia. Its associates are northern, not southern species. We as yet know the little plant of pegieS Forest from only this one spot. Its characters, however, justify its separation from the northern plant which, superficially, it suggests. In Part II it will be described and illustrated (PLATE 896). Two old clearings within the area of the ‘‘Chamblis bigwoods”’ are, like most such habitats, largly given over to brambles (Rubus). Two species here specially interested me, both of them doming and forming intricate mounds, with the long and coarse overarching canes eventually trailing at tip, as in the wide- ranging plant already noted, members of my § Tholiformes. These were both very different from each other and quite unlike anything I can find described. One of them was in the clearings about the old Chamblis place and also in the clearing near the old Taylor place, the other was noted only in the latter locality. The former of these two abounds near an old outhouse where, in June, a brood of young turkey-buzzards very unsociably ran to a corner and tried to hide from our gaze and where, in September, they still clung to the old home. Since most descriptive specific names in Rubus are preempted I shall, in Part II, name this very characteristic blackberry (plates 892 and 893) for the buzzards upon whose domain we rudely forced ourselves in collecting it- The ather (plates 894 and 895) I am naming for the very anti- thesis of a buzzard, the generous and scholarly founder of the Seward Forest, Dr. Water Srwarp. I kept hearing of Quarrel’s Creek and Pair’s Store. These geographic names, coupled with Triplett (which our non-meddle- some government rules should be spelled “Triplet”, in spite of the name of the original settler—on a tributary to Fontaine, not “Fountain”, Creek), struck my whimsical sense of humor, for the combination of pairs, triplets and quarrels would intrigue even a dull imagination. So we went from Triplett to Pair’s Store and thence followed down Quarrel’s Creek to its junction with Fontaine Creek. Swaley open woods not far from Pair’s Store looked interesting but, alas, most of the area had been 1945] Fernald,—Botanical Specialties of Virginia 99 under the plow; elsewhere it had been burned. The only plant of note there was the white-flowered Polygala sanguinea, a form I had rarely seen. The bottomland woods had passed the inter- esting period of early spring and had not reached the autumnal phase which is always interesting, but at the margin of the bottomland I was delighted to come upon the first thicket of Amorpha fruticosa, but not the last, I had ever seen, for in a few days we found it along Fontaine Creek near Round Hill Church, also in Greensville County, but nearer the Fall Line. On my first trip to Seward Forest we had gone to the Meherrin River at Westward Bridge (or Mill), south of Edgerton. The greatest excitement there was the discovery on the bottomland of Muhlenbergia glabriflora Scribn., previously known only from southwestern Indiana and Illinois to Texas. With this rather startling isolation in mind we returned to Westward Bridge. I had many times tried to cap one good discovery with another, but usually it hadn’t worked. So I was prepared for the worst. Wallowing through the deep and retarding tangle on the bottom, I suddenly halted. The Tripsacum there didn’t look right. Its slender staminate inflorescence had narrow and sharply acumi- nate glumes, whereas I remembered the glumes as broad and blunt. Three or four plants were taken “just in case”’, and this time luck was with me. I cannot separate the Meherrin River plant from an isotype and other Texan material of the recently described Tripsacum dactyloides, var. occidentale Cutler & Ander- son, the variety known to them only from the Davis and the Chisos Mountains in western Texas. When in doubt take a specimen! Lewis and Dr. Akerman again saved up gasoline, and in September it seemed possible to get about a little. So, on Sep- tember 11, I reached Seward Forest. This time we conserved all possible motive power for a final day, and our longest trip away from the Forest, until I had to return to Emporia to take the night-train home, was to the Meherrin at Westward Bridge. My arrival had broken the all-summer drouth!; consequently the muddy shore of the river, where I hoped for good things, For several summers, whenever Long and I reached our old center at Petersburg. it would begin to rain. So regularly did this occur that we were always greeted: “‘I knew you had come; the drouth has broken”’. 100 Rhodora [APRIL was drowned under more than opaque red-brown water. But the woods contained the very heavily pubescent Hlephantopus carolinianus, forma vestitus Fernald, which we had known only from the bottomland of Adams Swamp, seventy miles to the east in Nansemond County; the mass of ordinary pink-flowered Polygonum pensylvanicum contained scattered plants with bright white flowers. The Pycnanthemum incanum certainly was not the northern plant with more or less divergent pubescence. Neither did it look like the southern var. Loomisii (Nutt.) Fernald, with the internodes and calyces densely canescent. It looked too glabrescent. At the risk of possibly overloading with material of the latter, already much collected farther east, I took a specimen. It is the extreme of P. incanum recently described as Pycnanthemum puberulum Grant & Epling, its type from southwestern Georgia. At any rate, I got one specimen! But I took twenty sheets of the next plant of note. This is Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng., a very definite member of the Acanthaceae. Some years ago Long and I made frequent visits to the intermittently drowned bottomland of the Meherrin just before it leaves Virginia, below Haley’s Bridge (between southeastern Greensville and southwestern Southampton Coun- ties), for in early summer we had there found young foliage of a strange member of the Acanthaceae. Repeated or long- continued drownings delayed the identification until finally, in October, the water receded and we got the Dicliptera in flower and fruit. That has been the only station known in Virginia. Now, directly under the northern end of Westward Bridge, we have another. Hoping that the once flooded but now fully overgrown bottom where the dam had gone out at old Clipper’s Mill on Rattlesnake Creek, southwest of Triplett, would have some worth-while shore-vegetation, we tried there. For the most part the old bottom is a dense and very deep swale of Pilea, Boehmeria and their ilk, but here was an inland station, pretty well back from the Coastal Plain, of Rhynchospora corniculata, and in one area there is an Erianthus with peculiarly silvery and pale panicles. It didn’t quite register; I had never met it growing, for it is E. alopecuroides, an inland species which we have not had on the Virginian Coastal Plain. Not far away, in a mossy bottom, Po Oe a ee ee ee Fee eR, Cy ee ey 1945] Fernald,— Botanical Specialties of Virginia 101 Dryopteris cristata, very local in southeastern Virginia, abounds, but, so far as I saw, that is the only specialty of note there. Visiting the lower mile of Quarrel’s Creek and again following down to its confluence with Fontaine Creek, we were amazed that the bottomland woods had none of the big Compositae we should have expected. However, as we entered the woods near the station of Amorpha fruticosa, we got into a tangle of Vitis cinerea, frequent farther down the Meherrin system on the Coastal Plain, although generally treated as western or very southern: ‘‘Centr. Ill. to Kan. and Tex.”—Gray; ‘Indiana, southwestern Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, eastern Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, western Geor- gia’’—Bailey, Gent. Herb. iii. 316. Farther down, where the often flooded bottoms by Quarrel’s Creek merge with those of Fontaine Creek, we established some new inland extensions of Coastal Plain types, such as Scirpus divaricatus, Juncus repens and Ludwigia glandulosa. And farther up Quarrel’s Creek, in the swamp where it flows through the ‘‘Chamblis bigwoods”’, I was delighted to find an inland colony of Cornus foemina Willd. (C. stricta Lam.). Searching near-by for mature fruit of the new Circaea (now completely dessicated and ruined by prolonged drouth), I was impressed by a nearly smooth creeping Desmodi- um, much smoother than D. rotundifolium with which it grows. It proves, according to Dr. Schubert, to be only the Coastal Plain D. lineatum, which, in former years, I had learned to pass without emotion. This station, very rich and damp woodland, is so unlike the relatively sterile and dry woods where I had known it that I was fooled. Beside it was another plant which registered with some doubt; so I took a couple of specimens. It is fortunate that I did so, for it is Polymnia Uvedalia, var. densipila Blake, described from Louisiana, Oklahoma and Texas; also Bermuda. That was the last important collection in the “Chamblis bigwoods”’. Lewis had announced, while I was in the swamp, that it was time to start home; but very soon he commented on the shouts, like those of a woman calling, from deep in the woods. He said it was a Barred Owl, and I suppose he was right. Nevertheless, when I came out of the swamp and whistled for my companion and guide, he was gone. My masculine shouts did not interest 102 Rhodora [APRIL him; and, reasoning that he had gone on ahead and had ascribed to me a greater degree of wood-craft than I possess, especially on a rainy and sunless day in a strange and extensive “‘bigwood”’, I followed broken plants and some remembered landmarks to what I thought the proper place to break out toward the waiting car, soon got tangled and twisted around in impenetrable briars and towering dog-fennel (Eupatorium capillifolium) ten feet high, and, taking again to the woods, made broad circles for three hours, until, finally, by sighting on tall trees and following a straight course, I came out, rather surprised at myself, at the ear. After that I carried raisins as well as a compass in my hip- pocket! As we approached headquarters a truck, with the Director and a crew, had started out as a searching-party. The whole community soon had the story, but I insisted on pretending to wonder whether the womanish calls which had lured Lewis away were really those of an owl! Dr. Akerman wanted us to see one of the eastern extensions of the Seward Forest, in the extreme eastern edge of Brunswick County, south of Ante. As we entered the dry pines the first herbaceous plant we noticed was the essentially glabrous Coastal Plain Tephrosia virginiana, var. glabra Nutt. Then we walked through acres and acres of Asarum Lewisii, forming broad and open carpets to the exclusion of anything else. This, the most extensive colony yet known, is in ordinary dry or dryish woods, largely of Loblolly Pine. Here, in the spring, we may be able to secure the unknown fruit, for so extensive a colony must spread largely by seed. I could not leave Seward Forest without spending some hours in the little ““Ram-hole Swamp’’, so near-by that we were apt to overlook it. We already knew it as the only station yet dis- covered in the Manual range for the southern square-stemme Solidago salicina Ell., here isolated by 100 miles from the north- ernmost known station in North Carolina; also as an isolated inland station for the beautiful Lobelia glandulifera (Gray) Small (See Rnopora, xlv. 377 (1943)), the Lobelia delighting in just such spots on the Virginian Coastal Plain. Unfortunately, fire has ruined much of the sphagnous carpet and inevitable brambles are rapidly monopolizing the area, but enough of the original bog remains to maintain the Solidago and the Lobelia. | | | nt tt a ei a fe 1945} Fernald,—Botanical Specialties of Virginia 103 In September the Coastal Plain Helianthus angustifolius and Cirsium virginianum, including the cut-leaved forma revolutum (Small) Fernald, abound and here we got our most inland stations in southeastern Virginia for Rhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) Small, var. recognita Gale, Lycopus americanus, var. Longii Benner, typical Eupatorium hyssopifolium (See Ruovora, xliv. 459), Solidago rugosa, var. celtidifolia (Small) Fernald and Fuirena squarrosa (F. hispida Ell.). The latter was tangled in and rather overwhelmed by the dominating Coastal Plain Panicum lucidum and a very slender but long-since overripe Rhynchospora which must be collected earlier another season. These are not all. A problematic low shrub of some species of Pyrus, subg. Aronia, is quite like low and simple-stemmed shrubs from pine barrens and savanna of the southeastern Coastal Plain, its identity yet to be worked out; and some other puzzles, still awaiting study, were secured. One of them, the tiniest alder I know, fruiting shrubs only 2 to 3 feet high, with scattered simple and erect stems, mature leaves only 1 to 2 inches long and very small staminate aments, cones and fruits, is like similarly dwarf shrubs once collected by Long and me in a bushy sphagnous swamp, with Sarracenia flava and Lachnocaulon anceps, in Prince George County. This is so strikingly unlike other eastern Virginian alders, that I have dug out from hiding a study of the Swamp Alders of eastern America, a study begun nearly 40 years ago but several times shelved or pigeon-holed. This I am aiming to bring to a conclusion for publication in the near future. This little remnant of a springy and sphagnous bog is one of the unique and most interesting habitats in the Seward Forest. What a place it must have been before fire (Dr. Akerman’s scrupulously avoided and most dreaded foe throughout the forest) got into the place! At last it was time to leave. It had rained intermittently through five days out of seven and, of course, we got some of the downpour at the western border of the hurricane of the period. In early July of 1943 Long and I had discovered on the sandy beach of Whitefield’s Millpond, southwest of Corinth in South- ampton County, very young plants of an annual which closely simulated the southern and southwestern Eryngium prostratum, originally described from Arkansas. The material was too 104 Rhodora [APRIL young, but its fruit did not seem quite typical of £. prostratum, unknown within some hundreds of miles of southeastern Vir- ginia. In October, 1943, after a week of downpour, following months of drouth, Akerman, Lewis and I visited Whitefield’s Pond in search of ripe material. But the elements were not on our side. As I wrote in my last Virginian paper: ‘When we got to Sedley we were told that we could not get at Whitefield’s Pond from the south, for the road was completely under water and the dam itself flooded. That sounded pretty bad, and when we reached Whitefield via Corinth, there was the overflowing pond extending back into the woods. The farmer living near-by told us that in the forty years he had lived there the water had never been so low as it was until the five-day rain came on. We could have wept. Locating a spot where the little Eryng:um should be, I walked in to shoulder-depth (I was already drenched by rain), ducked and grabbed. Nothing but floating Utricularia and debriscame up. The Eryngium still evades us” —RHopDoRA, xlv. 390 (1943). That defeat had been rankling for two years; and when I reached Seward Forest I had urged that we use the accumulated gasoline with rigid economy, in order to try again on the last day, before I should take the night-train north from Emporia. So on Monday, the 18th, disappointed that Dr. Akerman must give up the trip with us, Lewis and I started for Whitefield’s Pond. It still rained, so hard as seriously to obscure our vision, but we figured on getting to Whitefield by 9 in the morning and then having a full day for exploration. But Fate was still not wholly reconciled to our programme. On the way to Sedley, reached by a road full of unexpected angles and forkings, we were undecided which of two surfaced forks to take. Driving up to what in the rain looked like a filling station, we suddenly went bang! bang! A rear and a front wheel were down to their hubs in rotted tar pavement! The filling station had been deserted and we were alone on a deserted road. Luckily 4 friendly board-pile was soon discovered and eventually we pried ourselves out. It was afternoon when we got to Whitefield. Twenty feet of beach were still undrowned. The Eryngium, with sky-blue flowering and paler fruiting heads, made repent mats and by rapid work we secured a splendid type-series 1945] Fernald,—Botanical Specialties of Virginia 105 (PLATES 897 and 898) before the early twilight. We had finally won! There was no time for exploration of the four miles of beach and marshy shore, but while uprooting the trailing branches of the undescribed Eryngium, I snatched a single plant of a Ludwigia which looked unfamiliar. It is; I can find nothing quite like it in the herbarium, but without fuller material I withhold further comment. The carpet of Polygonum bordering the outlet of Whitefield’s Pond looked strange: with the very narrow (almost linear) leaves and thick finger-like panicles sug- gesting P. opelousanum Riddell, but the flowers deep pink, not greenish. A hastily snatched bunch had to suffice, but the plant proves to be a very definite new variety (PLATE 884) of P. hydropiperoides, represented in the Gray Herbarium by an old collection of Rugel’s from Norfolk County; otherwise only from the region of Wilmington in southeastern North Carolina—a geographic segregation repeated by very many plants of the Coastal Plain of southeastern Virginia. Whitefield’s Pond needs close study! The next morning, September 19, in a few short hours a regular cloud-burst precipitated 6 inches of rain over southeastern Virginia and caused disastrous floods. We had got the Eryngium; one day later we should have missed it. Thus the two short visits to Seward Forest, with a total of 14 half-days or one week of field-work, brought their botanical re- turns in unexpected number, and it is possible to close off the very brief season of 1944 with a record of discovery not at all discreditable in view of the limitations. These results would have been impossible without the cordial and genuine hospitality and helpfulness of the Director, Staff and families of the Seward Forest. My gratitude to them all is very great. Part Il. Tecunicat Notes AND REVISIONS As usual in this series of papers, the more important range- extensions are briefly assembled, even though already noted in the journal. Plants thought to be previously unrecorded from Virginia are indicated by an asterisk (*) and in all except the several technical studies, the names of collectors, Fernald & Long, Fernald & Lewis, etc., are omitted, the numbers sufficing. Since, for the most part, Lewis has a separate series of numbers, 106 Rhodora [APRIL plants collected by us both and of which only my own series of numbers are available are cited as Fernald (with Lewis), etc. Some studies which have resulted from earlier collections in the state by Mr. Bayard Long and me are included; a few plants, recently recorded by me elsewhere and new to Virginia, are briefly noted, that their records may be easily available; and the last discussion, although not growing immediately out of our field-work, is here included, since most of the plants discussed are Virginians. As for several years past, I am greatly indebted to Dr. Bernice G. Scuusert for her skill in preparing the plates. The cost of engraving has been met through grants from the AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL Society and from the DEPARTMENT or Brotocy or Harvarp UNIVERSITY. Dryopreris cristata (L.) Gray. Brunswick Co.: bottom- land woods near old Clipper’s Mill, southwest of Triplett, no. 14,680. Not recorded by Massey from Brunswick Co. See p. 101. FESTUCA PARADOXA Desv. Local range extended inland to Brunswick Co.: low woods along Meherrin River near West- ward tinge cr Mill), no. 14,554. Seen in other rich wood- lands. See on oe Riliotea (Raf.), comb. nov. ?Festuca oe alt. Fl. Carol. 81 iss iF snot Honkeny, Verz. Aller Gew. Teutschl. 268 (1 782). . monandra Ell. Sk. i. 170 (1816), in obs. on misapplied name rp myuros i. the full description being © the Nig sate plant foe 4 a Dasiola elliotea Raf. Neogen. 4 (1825 estuca sciure in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. 5S. a (1835). V. stot y Mott) Henrard in Blumea, ii. 323 The earliest available name for this characteristic American (including Virginian) species is Dasiola Elliotea Raf. (1825), Rafinesque defining the new genus Dasiola with the single species D. Elliotea based on the very fully described Festuca monandra Elliott. Elliott’s description is unequivocal; he called the plant the Old World F. myuros L., but said “I once considered this plant as distinct from the {scihiines! F. myurus, and named it F, monandra; the description however of Lamarck renders it probable that it is the same: the only se canatetioes which still occasion any doubt, the hairy corolla and solitary filaments, are omitted in his description”. The hairy “ corolla” is distinctive of the native southern plant; and this comment, 4S well as Elliott’s full account, leaves no question as to the identity 1945] Fernald,— Botanical Specialties of Virginia 107 of his plant, therefore of Rafinesque’s Dasiola Elliotea. Elliott’s Festuca monandra can not be taken up. He published it only as a provisional name which he had himself abandoned. V. OCTOFLORA (Walt.) Rydb., rr tenella (Willd.), comb. nov. Festuca tenella Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 419 (1797). F. Senos var. tenella (Willd.) Fernald in acneee. xxxiv. 209 (1932 - OCTOFLORA, var. glauca (Nutt. ), comb. nov. Festuca tenella, 8. glauca Nutt. in Trans, Am. Phil. Soc., ser. 2, v. 147 ( 1835). F. octoflora, var. glauca (Nutt. ) Fernald, l. ec. (1 932). It is difficult to understand why the genus Vulpia has not been generally taken up in America, except that Piper, in his North American Species of Festuca, Contrib. U. 8. Nat. Herb. x. pt. 1 (1905), followed Hackel in treating it as Festuca, subg. Vulpia and Hitchcock and others have followed Piper. The two groups, true Festuca L. and Vulpia K. C. Gmelin, are very different in morphology and in geographic occurrence. Festuca is a genus of perennials, occurring in temperate regions of both northern and southern hemispheres and extending to the Arctic and to high- alpine habitats. The florets open regularly and the plumose stigmas emerge from the sides of the lemmas; the 3 free anthers are exserted and, as we know, are so distinctive as to offer clear and diagnostic specific characters. The grain is ellipsoid or ovoid. In most species of true Festuca the 2nd glume is merely pointed, though sometimes awned, and the acute to blunt lem- mas may be awnless or awned. Vulpia, on the other hand, is a group chiefly of annuals, with the lower glume often greatly reduced, the upper one frequently awned, and the slender lemmas long-attenuate to long-awned. The florets do not open, but remain closed (cleistogamous) and are enlarged upward when the anther is mature, the 1 (rarely 3) included anther being appressed to the lemma or to the included stigmas and with nearly suppressed filament; and the linear- cylindric grains are attenuate to each end. This characteristic group occurs in temperate Europe and the Mediterranean region (North Africa and southwestern Asia), in temperate (not frigid) North America and in western South America. The fact that Hackel in his earlier work and in Engler & Prantl merged Vulpia with Festuca is hardly sufficient ground for main- taining an artificial union. Hackel, likewise, merged other groups which, in Washington, have been officially segregated. 108 Rhodora [APRIL Thus, by Hackel, in his monumental Andropogoneae in DC. Mon. vi. (1889), Sorghum, Sorghastrum (Chrysopogon), including Rhaphis, Vetiveria, Cymbopogon, Hyparrhenia and Heteropogon, all maintained with us as genera, were merged into Andropogon; and just imagine how the ultraconservative and very accurate Hackel would have groaned at the segregation of Panicum as he conceived it; to him Digitaria, Trichachne, Brachiaria, Echino- chloa, etc., were mere sections of Panicum. Since all or nearly all of his sections in Panicum and his subgenera in Andropogon (as well as in many other groups) are taken up in America as full genera, why discriminate against his Festuca, subg. Vulpia? In Europe and Africa nearly all, if not quite all, recent close students of the Gramineae regularly maintain Vulpia as a genus: Beck von Managetta, Rouy, Hegi, Lindman, Henrard and such sound and conservative British authorities on grasses as Bews, C. E. Hubbard and Vaughan. It seems reactionary to persist in merging Vulpia with a ERAGROSTIS MULTICAULIS Steud. Synop. Pl. Glum. i. 426 (1855). Glyceria airoides Steud. 1, ¢, 287 (1854), not ‘Reichenb. (1827). E. a var. Damiensiana Bonnet in Naturaliste, ill. } in Allg. Bot. son vil. 13 (1901). E. peregrina Wiegand in RHopoRA, 95 (1917). E. geasace aie (Bonnet) Thell. in Fedde, Toit xxiv. 323 (1928). I am indebted to Capt. Stanley J. Smith for calling my atten- tion to the correct name for the ruderal annual which has rapidly spread in eastern North America and which is currently known as Eragrostis peregrina Wiegand. In their Grasses of Mauritius and Rodriguez, 43 (1940) the two distinguished English special- ists on grasses, C. E. Hubbard and R. E. Vaughan, give the above bibliography of EH. multicaulis, “Native of eastern Asia; intro- duced into Europe, America and Australia”. Steudel originally described the species as Glyceria airoides from Japan but a year later, describing it under Eragrostis, he rightly gave a new specific name, since his earlier name, Glyceria airoides, was a later homo- nym. Now that we know EF. multicaulis (E. peregrina) to be introduced from eastern Asia, not indigenous, its behavior, suddenly appearing and then rapidly spreading, is easily under- stood. It well matches eastern Asiatic specimens. ‘For a scholarly discussion see Henrarp, Tu., A Study in the Genus Vulpia. Blumea, ii. 299-326 (1937) SEE ne ae tee 1945] Fernald,—Botanical Specialties of Virginia 109 PHLEUM PRATENSE L., var. NODOSUM (L.) Schreb. Local range extended inland to GREENSVILLE Co.: roadside bordering sandy woods and thickets along Fontaine Creek, near Roun Hill Church, no. 14,556. PANICUM AGROSTOIDES Spreng., var. RAMOSIUS (Mohr) Fernald. Local range extended inland to western GREENSVILLE Co.: bottomland woods along Fontaine Creek, at mouth of Quarrel’s Creek, no. 14,688. - ROANOKENSE Ashe. Range extended inland from Coastal Plain to western GREENSVILLE Co.: low woods, Mitchell’s Mill- pond, west of Brink, no. 14,563. Serarta Fapert Herrm. See Ruopora, xlvi. 57, 58 (1944). Abundantly naturalized in Roanoke and Borerourt Cos., C. E. Wood, Jr. ERIANTHUS ALOPECUROIDES (L.) Ell. Brunswick County: abundant in bottomland woods along Rattlesnake Creek, at old Clipper’s Mill, southwest of Triplett, no. 14,690. Chiefly an inland species, here at our first station in the southeastern counties. See p. 100. * TRIPSACUM DACTYLOIDES L., var. OCCIDENTALE Cutler & Anders. in Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. xxviii. 258 (1941). Brunswick County: border of low woods, Meherrin River at Westward Bridge (or Mill), no. 14,565. Hatirax County: Lawson Creek, southwest of South Boston, June 21, 1938, Fosberg, no. 15,412. Recently distinguished as a supposed endemic of the Davis and the Chisos Mts. of western Texas, on account of the long and narrow acuminate glumes of the staminate spikelets. The plant at Westward Bridge is closely associated with Muhlenbergia glabriflora Scribn., there at its first known station east of the Mississippi Basin (southwestern Indiana and Illinois to Texas) — see Fernald in Ruopora, xlv. 379 and 385 (1943). It is a very close match for the type-collection of var. occidentale (Moore & Steyermark, no. 3092). -Material from near Nashville, Tennessee, Gattinger, has even longer and narrower glumes and is comparable with coarse extremes of var. occidentale from Texas (Chisos Mts., Mueller, no. 7891 and Warnock, July 12, 1937, and Presidio Co., L. C. Hinckley, no. 1691). THE IpENTITY OF CYPERUS VIRENS Michx. (PLATE 876, FIGs. 1-4).—In sorting the large accumulation of photographs of types assembled before the present war I have, rather naturally, been amazed to note that the type (ria. 1, X 14) of Cyperus virens Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 28 (1803), ‘Hab. in Carolina’’, is very 110 Rhodora [APRIL characteristic material of C. pseudovegetus Steud., Syn. Cyp. 24 (1855) and not at all the plant which Steudel and all his followers have erroneously called C. virens. C. virens (Frias. 1 and 3) is a relatively slender plant, with culms 3-7.5 dm. high; leaves nearly equaling the culm and 2-5 mm. wide, not strongly spongy below; the ovate spikelets (Fic. 4, X 5) very flat and soon, by spreading of the narrow scales, with slightly excurved mucronate tips (FIG. 5), displaying the rachilla. The much coarser plant, erroneously passing as C. virens, has stout culms 0.5-1.2 (in the tropics —1.8) m. high; its spongy-based leaves much shorter than the culms (“Folia culmo parum breviora’—Kiikenthal) and 5-13 mm. wide; the slightly narrower spikelets relatively plump, with the broader and straight scales (ria. 5, X 5) rather closely imbricated at base, so that the rachilla remains partly hidden. Differences in the achenes and other characters not evident in the photo- graph of Michaux’s type need not now concern us. The Michaux type (Fic. 1, X 1%, and ria. 2, X 10) is very evidently the same as C. pseudovegetus (F1as. 3 and 4) and not at all the coarser and largely tropical plant. If Kiikenthal’s synonymy is safer to follow than his identifications of species (for Kunth’s types should certainly have been available to him, even if inhibition and Germanic self-satisfaction kept him from seeing Michaux’s in Paris), the coarser plant may perhaps be C. robustus Kunth, Enum. ii. 4 (1837). I have not yet checked that point, as it concerns a species as yet known only outside the area upon which I must chiefly concentrate. Michaux’s C. virens was from Carolina. Of the slender species which perfectly matches his type there are before me 12 sheets from North Carolina, 9 from South Carolina, 16 from Virginia and others from Delaware, Maryland, the District of Columbia and New Jersey. Of the coarse tropical and subtropical species the northernmost speci- men (the only one I have seen from the state) is from Washington County, on Albemarle Sound, in North Carolina (so near the Virginia line that I may yet have to settle the name!), with 5 sheets from river-swamps and tidal reaches of South Carolina. Michaux got the ubiquitous species of = Carolinas. Cyperus (§ Umpetiatr) Plukenetii, sp. nov. (Tas. 877), rhizomate subligneo crasso abbreviato; culmo subrigido scabro- puberulo 0.3-1 m. alto; foliis stems scabris planis 4-8 mm. latis 1945} Fernald,—Botanical Specialties of Virginia 111 attenuatis; en ergs 3-7-phyllo, foliis quam radiis te scabris; radiis 4-12, subrigidis scabris adscendentibus ad 2 longis; Dini tibiae 1—2.3 cm. longis; ets 75 12 lineari-subulatis valde appresso-reflexis mm. longis; squamis 4 vel 5 striatis terminale involuta firma subacerosa; corm age linearibus 2.5-3 mm. longis. Ta or moist sands and ae southern Ohio and soukiendbaea Miss ndy pinelands, The Desert, Cape Henry, Vitsinte, Sib 28 ne 29, 1934, Fernald & Long, n no. 3734 (in Herb. Gr ek ; wee in Herb. Phil. Acad.), distrib. as C. retrofractus (L.) T Cyperus Plukenetii, named for LEoNARD PLUKENET (1641-— 1706), who originally described and illustrated it (our ric. 1) from Virginia, has been erroneously passing as C. retrofractus (L.) Torr., Fl. N. Y. ii. 344 (1843), Torrey’s combination resting on the Scirpus retrofractus L. Sp. Pl. 70 (1753), our PLATE 878. Linnaeus, like Torrey and some others after him, confused two quite distinct species. His original account was very brief: retrofractus. 17. SCIRPUS culmo a umbella — simplici: spicarum flosculis retrofractis. Cyperi genus indianam, panicula speciosa, spiculis propendentibus atris. Pluk. phyt. 415. f. 4. Hathitat in Virginia. As is so often the case, everyone since 1753 has taken the easier course. It was perfectly simple to turn to Plukenet and see his very characteristic figure (our FIG. 1); it would have required more effort and considerable trouble to find out what Linnaeus actually had before him. If they had taken this trouble, it would have been evident that the Linnean TyPE (PLATE 878, Figs. 1 and 2) is not like the Plukenet plant, for Linnaeus had from Virginia a very characteristic specimen of Cyperus hystri- cinus Fernald in Ruopora, viii. 127 (1906), our PLATE 878, FIG. In pLatEe 878 I show the type (Fras. 1 and 2) of Scirpus retrofractus, X 14 and \%, from a photograph received from Mr. Savage. With it, X 1, is an umbel from the type of Cyperus hystricinus'. That they are quite the same no one, who really understands Cyperus, can doubt. True C. retrofractus (C. hystricinus) differs in many characters from C. Plukenetii (C. retrofractus sensu Torrey, for the most 1 This type, from Haddonfield, New Jersey, was collected ag C. F. Parker, not C. F. Austin, as erroneously stated with the original descri 112 Rhodora [APRIL part, and most later authors, incl. Kiikenthal in Engler, Pflanzenr. iv, fig. 56 (1935), the latter an excellent illustration of ¢. Plukenetii). The chief differences are as follows: C. rerRorRactus: rhizome relatively slender and elongate, the corms Ghe more than 1) remote; culm smooth and yon Tous; nie smooth and glabrous, the basal 2-5 mm. wide; rays of umbel s ooth, w n fully mature mostly shorter than the smooth and narrow fitohicesl leaves; apices hcg or cylindric-obovoid; saa BA golden oo A eat nt, soon loosely re- flex ad and pro mptly fa lling; atbene s 2-2.5 involucral leaves; spikes strongly turbinate-obovoid, tapering o acute 0 conic base; spikelets greenieh. becoming drab o r dull brown, “pungent soon tightly appressed-reflexed, long-persistent;; giieice 2.5-3 mm If one takes Kiikenthal’s bibliography at its face value it will be found as unreliable for North American plants as his treatment of many of our species. Besides Scirpus retrofractus L. and the resultant combinations under Cyperus and Mariscus he gives, without the slightest indication of doubt, the synonym Mariscus pubescens Presl, Relig. Haenk. i. 181 (1830). Now, Cyperus retrofractus sensu Kiikenthal (C. Plukenetii), with, to quote iikenthal, involucral leaves (like the basal) “4-8 mm. lata plana”, the “spicae obovato-turbinatae’”’, ‘“‘Spiculae omnes retroflexae’’, occurs from Florida to eastern Texas, north to New Jersey, southern Ohio and southeastern Missouri. Mariscus pubescens Presl was originally said to be from Monterey, Cali- fornia, its “Involucella setacea”, the “Spicae cylindraceae”’, “Spiculae horizontales”’. Kiikenthal has another guess coming, if he survives the war. He evidently accepted, without looking up the Presl plant or description, the entry in Index Kewensis, fase. iii. 169 spre under Mariscus: “pubescens, J. & C. Presl, . Haenk. i. 181 = retrofractus”. In the first fascicle, 697 (1893) the aditdr Jackson, had thteted the same plant as 4 maintained species of Cyperus: ‘pubescens, J. & C. Presl, Rel. Haenk. i. 181—Calif.”, thus making a new and superfluous name, for there was already a C. pubescens Steud. (1855)'. PLATE 876, rics. 14, Cyperus virENS Michx.: FIG. 1, TYPE, X 1%, photo- graph after Cintract; FIG. 2, spikelets, X 10, from TYPE; FIG. 3, +e cpenenioet 1 Mariscus pubescens was named for the very Lagann culm and leaves. So far I can find, nothing like it is known in Califor It might have come from western Mexico, the Philippine Islands, Peru or wna o her Pacific a see 1, Syn. Pl. Cyp. 50 (1855) had a Cyperus pubescens from 8 Island of Bour as 1945] Fernald,—Botanical Specialties of Virginia 113 2, Fernald, Long & Fogg, no. 5225 ; Fic. 4, spikelet, x 5, from n 0. 5225. C. robustus Kunth (C. virens sensu Steudel and later uth. not Mich): spikelet, 5, from Walterboro, Colleton Co., South Carolina, Wiegand & M anning, eh 5 PuaTE 877, CyPERUS Pieper Fernald: ria. 1, Plukenet’s figure of Cyperi genus ‘indi tanam, er ae ge ey by Linnaeus under his mixed Scirpus retrfracis; G. 2, inflores x 1, of TyPE; Fia. 3, chara teristic base, < 1, from Conieie Bridge, Southean cian Co. , Virginia, Fernald ong, no. 6040." Scirpus retrofractus. L., courtesy - Mr. i ‘Savage; FIG. Oi nflores scence, s 4, of TYPE; FIG. 8, inflorescence, X 1, of t of C. hed elise Fernald; ria. 4, Pome Gok Sag x e ay om Syne s Bridge, Isle of Wight Co., Virginia, 528. C. oporatus L. Sp. Pl. i. 46 (1753). CC. feraz Richard in Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. i. 106 (1792).—F ae in saline and brackish Rt or on shores along the coast. Since some have questioned the sacle of these two species, & memorandum by Dandy in Exell, Cat. Vase. Pl. So. Tomé, 360 (1944), is important to quote. Under C. odoratus L. he says: This species is the — C. odoratus of ree which was based = the Jamaican plant named Cyperus odoratus, panicula sparsa, spici strigosioribus viridibus ie Sloane, aaa ee Ins. Cia 35 (1696); Voy (1 ay Nat. Hist. I. 116, t a4, fig. I The o ginal speci. n from ae Sloa Mi Troi was drawn is ‘priwerved. in Herb. Sloane (vol. II. fol. 46) a the British Museum, and is identicat with C. ferax Rich. There was no specimen of C. odoratus us in the Linnean Herbarium i in Se and the are of the species is Sloane’s figure (since s did not see the actual specimen). The name C. odoratus has bet th riser plied! is C. polystachyos and other species. C. net So (Steud.) Dandy in Exell, Cat. Tomé, 363 (1944).—Seen along wet w oodroads in the Seward Forest, but not collected; common islet ast. C. tenuifolius (Steud.) Dandy is the plant generally known as Kyllinga pumila Michx. (1803), the genus Kyllinga now very generally reduced to Cyperus. Its essential synonymy, as given by Dandy, is as follows: C. TENuIFoLIUS (Steud.) gece l. c. (1944). Kyllinga p Michx. (1803), not C. pumilus L. (17. 56). K. elongata Kunth (186), es C’.. elongatus Steud. Pca K. caespitosa Nees (1842), arith aespito- ei Poir (1806). eee ‘Steud. (1855). K. rigidula chk Head i rt (1855), not C. rigidulus us Vahl (1806). C. densicaespitosus Mattf. & Kiikenth, (1936). * FimpristyLis Drummonp1! Boeckl. land ne County: damp openings in woods, ‘“ Moseley flat iene near Triplett, Fernald (with J. B. Lewis), no. 14,568. See p. 9 114 | Rhodora [APRIL Fimbristylis Drummondii has been variously confused with a number of other species, particularly with the tropical South American and very distinct F. spadicea (L.) Vahl and the halo- philous North American F. castanea (Michx.) Vahl and F. caroliniana (Lam.) Fernald (= F. puberula (Michx.) Vahl). F. castanea is the coarse and densely cespitose, rigid plant of salt marshes and saline shores, from the West Indies and Florida to Texas, extending northward on saline marshes to Long Island. Its coriaceous dark sheaths, rigid culms up to 1 m. tall, its lus- trous and coriaceous broadly rounded scales and the castaneous broad-ovoid achenes clearly mark it. F. caroliniana (Lam.) Fernald in Ruopora, xlii. 246 (1940) is the same as F. puberula (Michx.) Vahl and its habit was clearly shown in RHopORA Xxxvil. t. 388 (1935). It is contrasted with F. castanea by its small soft-based tufts, with paler sheaths, its prolonged and slender cord-like scaly stolons, its thinner and membranaceous scales, at least the outer ones puberulent, and the narrower and paler achene. It occurs on brackish or saline sands, flats or marshes and in dune-hollows along the coast from Florida to Texas, northward to New Jersey. Fimbristylis Drummondii, on the other hand, is nonstolonifer- ous; its culm-bases are enlarged and bulbous and when fully developed it makes dense tussocks with the stout rhizome forking into thick crowns covered with the bulbous-based tufts. Too many specimens in herbaria, however, merely pulled off from the rhizome, fail to display this distinctive character and very young and first-fruiting plants often have only poorly developed rhizomes. They have, however, the bulbous bases which are characteristic, the puberulent scales and the pale achenes. This plant, which has recently been confused with the others, is 2 species of peats, sterile meadows, pine and oak barrens, and other acid habitats. It occurs from Florida to eastern Texas, north- ward to Virginia, southeastern Pennsylvania, the New Jersey pine barrens and the Hempstead Plains of Long Island; in the interior across Tennessee and Arkansas to southern Michigan, Illinois and Missouri. Whereas the halophilous F. castanea and F. caroliniana fruit from late July to October, the inland F. Drummondii is mature from May into July, the Virginia material, collected in June, being over-ripe. One other species of this 1945] Fernald,—Botanical Specialties of Virginia 115 series should be noted, F. interior Britton in Britt. & Br. Ill. FI. ed. 2, i. 320, fig. 785 (1913), a species of the Great Plains, from east-central Nebraska to eastern Colorado, south to Texas. Somewhat resembling both F. caroliniana and F. Drummondii, the material has bulbous-based tufts of the latter but shows no tendency to produce subligneous rhizomes and occasionally it develops stolons suggesting those of the former species. Its scales, however, are firmer and glabrous or glabrescent and its achenes with many more longitudinal ribs than in the others. It seems to be a well defined campestrian species. The correct application of the name Fimbristylis Drummondii needs clarification, for its author, Boeckeler, created a confusion regarding it, the effects of which still linger. Boeckeler pub- lished his first FP. Drummondii in Flora, xli. 603 (1858), a plant with “basi valde bulboso-incrassato, bulbo (crassitie nucis Coryli minoris) vaginis . . . coreaceis. . . . obtecto squamis . . . omnibus puberulis”, etc. This species con- sisted of two varieties: ‘a. minor; culmo subpedali, umbella subsimplici, spicis magis ovatis foliis superne scabris. Prope N. Orleans legit Drummond. (In hrb. ej. sub Nro. 416.)” and “8. major; culmis elatis (sesquipedalibus) ; spicis paulo majoribus subglobosis, involucellis squamisque glabrescentibus. Ad _ rio Brazas terrae Texanae legit Drummond”. Since var. a. minor was the first defined and since two sheets of Drummond’s no. 416 from New Orleans before me have the puberulent scales as described in Boeckeler’s full description I am taking these to be isotypes of F. Drummondii. His var. 8. major seems to con- tradict his fuller description in having “‘squamis glabrescentibus’’. Boeckeler cited no number and, presumably, his type is now destroyed. If it came from the upper Brazos it might have been F. interior Britton; if from the tidal reaches of the lower Brazos it might have been the glabrous-scaled F. castanea (Michx.) Vahl, which abounds in coastwise Texas. The latter species does not have bulbous bases, however; but Boeckeler’s ‘‘squamis glabrescentibus” is not easily reconciled with his “squamis ae omnibus puberulis” of his primary description of F. Drummondii. Although the identity of var. 8. major can not now be settled, the identity of var. a. minor is clear. It is the plant I am taking up as F. Drummondit. 116 Rhodora [APRIL In 1836 Torrey, treating the all-inclusive Isolepis, placed to- gether in one series two species, J. capillaris, the tiny eapillary- leaved annual now known as Bulbostylis capillaris, and the new I. Drummondii Torr. & Hook. in Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. ii. 350 (1836), this being a very tall plant, with firm “Culm 3 feet high . . . Spikes half an inch long . . . Scales closely appressed [coriaceous], smooth . . Has. Texas, 7. Drum- mond!’’, the authors stating that it ie the habit of Fimbristylis suanioeid I have not seen the type but the description suggests F. castanea. Still another Drummond plant from Texas was described by Boeckeler, this his F. anomala in Flora, xliii. 242 (1860), ‘‘Caespitosa; radice valide fibrosa stolonifera; stolonibus tenuibus (crass. pennae corvinae) . . . culmo 1-2 pedali rigido . . . spicis 3-4 lin. longis 14% lin. latis squamis arcte imbricatis . . . , inferioribus puberulis . . Texas. Herb. Drummond. Nr. 445.” This number, like- wise, I.have not seen. The point in bringing into the discussion Isolepis Drummondii, with culms “3 feet high’? and smooth scales, and F. anomala, 1-2 feet high, stoloniferous, with lower scales puberulent, is that they both soon figured under another name, F. Drummondii (Torr. & Hook.) Boeckeler in Linnaea, xxxvii. 21 (1871), based nomenclaturally upon Isolepis Drum- mondii Torr. & Hook., with F. anomala cited as a synonym, this plant stoloniferous, the subsolitary culms 114-21 feet high, the scales of the spikelet membranaceous-margined, “nitidulis”’. Naturally, there can be no second valid Fimbristylis Drum- mondii (Torr. & Hook.) Boeckl. (1871), in view of the earlier and different F. Drummondii Boeckl. (1858), which is the eastern species with bulbous-based tufts arising from stout caudices or hard rhizomes, with the outer scales of the spikelets puberulent. Whether F. anomala is an earlier name for F. interior I do not know; only examination of Boeckeler’s type or of an unques- ‘aaned isotype can settle that. But for our plant the name F. Drummondii Boeckl. (1858) seems to be the correct one. ScrRPus POLYPHYLLUS Vahl. To the very few stations in the southeastern counties add one in Brunswick Co.: margin of Mill Creek, southwest of Ebony, no. 14,566. S. pivaricatus Ell. Local range extended i inland to western GREENSVILLE Co.: bottomland ae gore Quarrel’s Creek be- low Pair’s Store, no. 14,567. See 1945] Fernald,—Botanical Specialties of Virginia 117 RENA SQUARROSA Michx. (F. hispida Ell.). Local range pei into the Piedmont in Brunswick Co.: springy sphag- nous and argillaceous bog, Ram-hole Swamp, Seward Forest, near Triplett, no. 14,692; culms weak and reclining. See p. 103 RHYNCHOSPORA CORNICULATA (Lam.) Gray. Range extended back into the Piedmont. GREENSVILLE Co.: bottomland woods along Fontaine Creek, at mouth of Quarrel’s Creek, no. 14,694. Brunswick Co.: bottomland woods along Rattlesnake Creek, at old Clipper’s Mill, southeast of Triplett, no. 14,693. See p. 100. R. GLoBuLaris (Chapm.) Small, var. RecocniTa Gale (R. cymosa sensu Torr. and later auth., not Ell.). Local range ex- tended from Coastal Plain inland to Brunswick Co.: springy sphagnous and argillaceous bog, Ram-hole Swamp, Seward orest, near Triplett, no. 14,569; damp openings in woods, coe a pineland, near Triplett, nos. 14,570 and 14,571. See ape PAUCIFLORA Muhl. ‘To the counties from which this Species is known (see RHoporA, xxxix. 392) add GREENSVILLE 0.: swaley clearing along Quarrel’s Creek, below Pair’s Store, no. 14,573. Also Brunswick Co.: damp woods along branch, east of Moseley flat pineland, near Triplett, no. 14, “374. See p. 96. CAREX HIRSUTELLA Mackenzie. BRUNSWICK County : woods, Moseley flat pineland, near Triplett, no. 14,581, our first station in the southeastern counties. Plant very lax, with flaccid, loosely rhea so culms, the inflorescences lopping to the ground. See. p ie a vireinica L. (C. hirtella Vahl). Ordinarily with erect flowering stems, the plants in bottomland woods along eherrin River at Westward Bridge (or Mill) have them de- pressed or trailing (no. 14,695). Since the summer had been one of unusual drouth and the Commelina was well above the level of the river in mid-September the trailing habit was, obviously, not induced, at least during this season, by drowning. THe IpentTITY oF JUNCUS TENUIS (PLATE 879).—Juncus tenuis was described by Willdenow, Sp. Pl. iit. 214 (1800)!, as follows: *23. JUNCUS tenuis W. J. culmo teretiusculo indiviso, foliis linearibus canalicu- latis, corymbo terminali, calycinis foliolis acuminatis capsula triquetra obtusa longioribus. Schlanke Simse. W 1 Although the title-page gives the date 1799, vol. ii. pt. 1, was apparently not issued until early in 1800 —See Schubert in Ruopora, xliv. 147-150 (1942). 118 Rhodora [APRIL Habitat in America boreali.' 2 (v. Culmus dodrantalis teretiusculus mien egy foliosus. Folia ut in praecedente. Flores ut in prae cedente [i. e. J. ltiene sensu Willd. incl. J. compressus Jacq. and fn Gerardi Loisel.] sed Feels majores et rami laterales jis elongati. Foliola esas lanceolata acuminata capsula paulo Capsula triquetra truncato-obtusa. W. Practically without exception the name Juncus tenuis was thereafter correctly applied to a widespread and very common species with drab or pale brown young sheaths, flattish (though on drying often inrolled) leaves with whitish scarious and friable margins to the sheaths, the elongate-oblong or lanceolate auricles thin and scarious or thin-hyaline, the inflorescence greatly over- topped by 2 or more flattish bracts, the flowers, in more open inflorescences, inclined to be grouped in 3’s, the perianth over- topping the oblong-ovoid capsule which is retuse at summit and partially 3-locular. So firmly established was the name J. tenuis Willd. for this clear-cut and wide-ranging species (much of North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, etc.) that it came as a shock when, in 1929, the late Kenneth K. Mackenzie announced: “Juncus tenuis Willd. (Sp. Pl. = 214. 1799), ‘Habitat in America ali,’ is Juncus dichotomus Elliot at. S. Carolina & Georgia 1: 406. 1817), sat is not the plant ap s Juncus tenuis in our ee uals. gore Diels, Director of the Botanical Garden and Museum at rlin, sent me from Willdenow’s material portions showing t the aeblade. the mouth of the sheath, the inflorescence, and the seeds. The leaf-blade is not flattened, and the auricles are rounded ilaginous and not conspicuously prolong “I was brought to look into this matter “te noting that Steudel aes Pl. Glum. 2: 305. 1855) described Juncus tenuis Willd. as with ‘v vaginis uctis (li mentientem)’. ies — of course, is a very accurate description of the plant appearin anuals as Juncus tenuis” —Mackenzie in Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. "hi 05 (1929). That seemed to settle the matter and I promptly fell into the unintentional trap. In my search for the earliest name for uncus tenuis of most authors I found, while in England, that the earliest available name (if J. tenuis Willd. is indeed only J. 1 shod * Habitat tn reer boreali”” of Willdenow is rendered by Index Kewensis 45 ‘*Europ.; Ind. occ. 1945] Fernald,—Botanical Specialties of Virginia 119 dichotomus Ell.) seemed to be J. macer 8. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. ii. 104 (1821). This decision I announced in Journ. Bot. Ixviii. 366 (1930) and, most unfortunately, my interpretation has been generally accepted in America, Europe and Australia. The difficulty seems to be, that Willdenow had mixed material. From Mackenzie’s account the fragments sent to him were ap- parently from J. dichotomus Ell. That species (Figs. 5-7), however, is strongly distinguished from J. macer (J. tenuis of Rostkovius, Engelmann, Buchenau, Gray, Britton, etc.), FIGS. —4, by many characters: J. MACER: (1) Tufts es tussocks relatively soft; young membranaceous sheaths drab or pale brown to greenish; (2) with whitish friable Bee: ese iris eet (3) the aningaeed auricles lane e-triangular to -oblong, scarious or aline and much longer than broad; (4) leat blades flat st totaly canaliculate: (5) aes ee bract and or inarily others much prolonged beyond the cyme; 6) cyme either compact As open and with rab; (8) sep 3-locular; (10) anthers much shorter than filaments; ete, : D Willdenow’s original description, of course, has final signifi- cance. This was beautifully supplemented by the dissertation on Juncus by Rostkovius—De Iunco (1801)—for Rostkovius definitely states that his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine! was based upon the material of Juncus in Willdenow’s Herbarium: ‘‘Cum absoluto cursu academico de specimine inaugurali meditarer, inter varia argumenta suasu optimi Prae- ceptoris Clarissimi W1LLDENOwII, Professoris Historiae naturalis Berolini, e ditissimo Suo Herbario Iunci genus selegi, quod benevolentia Celeberrimorum Virorum L1n k11, MUHL- hecrdud our M. D’s. have slumped! One of them in Cambridge came to see me and there’, I replied, pointing to Datura Stramonium. ‘‘ All right’’, he said, “I'll treat him for Stramonium-poiso lesan Another, also a professor in a Paice ea school, argued at me throughout the parcig of a dinner, that there simple Ptboineed (like the silver spoon with toadstools) by which fig one can nga whether any wild plant is poisonous or panne ! 120 Rhodora [APRIL ENBERGII, STEPHANII, et Hoppir valde auctum evasit, spe fretus hocce tentamen Botanophilis haud ingratum fore’”’.—Rostk. Iunc. Praefatio (1801). Not only did Rost- kovius (his p. 24) evidently study the plant which Willdenow had described as J. tenuis; he gave a very detailed description of it and an illustration of the characteristic and wholly distinctive inflorescence (our PLATE 879, FIG. 1). Here is the account by Rostkovius: 18. Iuncus tenuis. Tab. Nost. I. fig. 3 I. culmo eo jdbc ghia teretiusculo, foliis eieuaiiate inali dichotomo foliis — alibus breviore, capsula sepia obtusa peta I. culmo teretiusculo indiviso, foliis iearibad canaliculatis, corymbo terminali, calycinis oliolis acuminatis capsula triquetra obtusa lon gioribus. Sp. pl. ed. W. 2. p. he I. foholus minimus en aeEe et nemorensis Gron. v 2. Gramen moe virginianum calyculis paleaceis pcome Moris. hast. 3. p. 228. f. 8. t. 9. f. 15. yramen j cage elatius pericarpiis ovatis americanum Pluk. alm. 179. t. 92. f. 9. t in America boreali. 2. Culmus semipedalis vel pedalis erectus simplex tereti- aaa basi foliosus. Folia linearia canaliculata Corymbus terminalis dichotomus, Moti st Folia — a, sub corymbo, linearia canalic lata, quorum alterum corymbo quadraplo longius,