fr's-v*— ^»J^y~ dyiuz *?~,4.y4' ^-M~y y~*~-- /y/^/y* y/s,y^ *r*y - y^yy'^yy^~y~yy~ ^^u. t ^y -L. ^^^y/„y^y /y* ~5 s~Sryte^y>. Syy~ zyi^yy,^ -*Z~s~~*.^-yy ^ ~*.-yy~t~4*~~, J*^- \ a* £j v.. ajyy/~-,jy ^^^^ ^^^^^-a^-^./^ ^*^y f^' e ^.yy/.-vj!/ .^^vJu^.-l.. .^wwl. ^/»« JJy ^yyy^**^y &y*&~-, ^v. ^-'^C^^Cv^^ !T S r-f.*^ Jlk^f <$y^iy^yy*^r*^~ Svf ^^^^^f/^^a^^^^y. X U^Z^fCr^^Zy^^" . ^^^^ <>^- ' ™' >W*^. ^^U^/^th^r / ?Z t ' j y ^*^>n*~t^*~~^ J+>*. / 2?Z^ys&** y^C^^jL^ JU- a^~^^ ete^ss. j^^w > K ^*^ f - ^pf^ £*^f£> ^j^y/^^- ^ . ^w^^-^ ^J^^^^y ^^^y^y^y^^; ,^yy^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^yy~ yyU -^^^ ^jy*y^^> <*+&^yyf * * '-yy „ | ? y«^r^'<£v?r ^y^^y^^--', s^y^ *£yi<*' ' f \ y&c^ ^ -^/r ^^^^^^^^^ y^yz,~ ^ : y^y 1 2 3 4 5 cm 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved Missouri Botanical Garden Fendler, A. TRANSLi 1846, November 8th Santa F4. Santa Fe, 8th November l8**6. Dear Doctor, Since I learned that the day after tomorrow, mail will leave here for the States, I use this opportunity to give you further information about the continuation of our trip. Since ray last letter to you of 15th of October, I went into the mountainous area any time my business and the weather conditions permitted it, i.e. if the weather was not too bad, and I collected all sorts of seed which I could still find as well as all sorts of cacti and their ripe fruits; furthermore, branches^ pieces of wood and (if it was possible) also the fruits of conifers; also live plants still in bloom, such as mosses and lichens. For some days, I was prevented from going out because of a cold feVer which apparently has not left us yet entirely. The rest of the time, I used mostly to read the books which you so kindly gave me as a gift; furthermore kept up my diary and studied some Spanish. In a circle of about four miles I found ten different species of cacti. Soon I could send you a barrel or two of these if you so wish and if there is an opportunity to send them which seems to be very doubtful this winter. The expenses for the first month of our stay here, even though we kept them down as much as possible, are high and the prospect to receive more money in one way or another (may be^^W. Speyer next summer) are so slim that we began to worry about our subsistence in the future. May be, one can live cheaper in the country, but soldiers were sent out everywhere to spend the winter so that probably the small number of farmers is already exhausted. Corn is bought at the highest prices, and flour and other provisions are going up constantly. There is no chance for us to obtain other work to earn some money this winter. However, I know of one business which could be undertaken on the side and would not take up too much time and let us make good money if we have the necessary material to do this. You will probably smile if I tell you that this business is nothing else but the manufacture of matches. A small box of matches is being sold here for 6 lA cents, the demand is very great and the reserves here in the local stores are already exhausted. By entering into this business we would be able, without inter feri] with the main purpose of our stay here, to take care of most of our expenses. Therefore, if you should think this feasible and agree with this plan and if it would not be too much trouble for you, I would ask you to send us the necessary material to ignite the matches in great quantities together with the paper I asked for in my last letter to you, as well as exact directions of how to make the mixture, the measurements, etc.; nothing can be found here of any of these things, not even sulphur and any other normally quite usual material. Also some stiff paper to make the boxes would be necessary* -2- Cactaoeae can be found here in large quantities, however, barrels and cases to send them in are very hard to obtain even at the highest prices. Ton just cannot imagine the lack of wood boards here, the volunteers have to use the boards of the wagon bodies in order to make caskets for their dead and empty cases are sold by most of the merchants according to weight for 12 1/2 cents per pound. With great efforts I was able to obtain an empty sugar barrel from the Commissary for my collected cac- taceae. Even though I never had a high opinion of Santa Fe before, I could not imagine the poverty and the lack of the most necessary things. I have not yet seen a room with a wooden floor, not one house built with wood, tile or other stones, but all are built with adobes. Some of the more affluent residents are beginning to put glass into their windows. Hoofs are unknown here. Instead of soap, the Mexicans use the root of a plant which grows on the mountains in the vicinity here and which has leaves similar to Aloe. Their plows consists mostly of wood; their wagons have no iron at all. There is no watchmaker here;-- and even though somebody told me that there is a pharmacy here, I have not been able to find it inspite of all the inquiries I made. However, the presence of the Americana is causing already now some remarkable changes in Santa Fe. Gold money is rather common among the inhabitants here, but the merchants are complaining very much about the lack of silver. The bad state of health which is prevalent here at the present and especially the great number of deaths among the volunteers seem to be unexplainable to all, and changes the opinion of the strangers about the healthiness of this area completely. Many of the volunteers find their graves here where they at least expected any sickness. The changes of the seasons did not seem to me so pronounced as in St. Louis. The two prevalent winds are the north and south wind of which the latter is not much warmer than the first. The mountai valley in which Santa Fe is situated extends from the north to the south. From my house I have started to write down the exact contours and views of the mountains with special regard to the exact localities according to the horizon, however, have not yet finished; I also intend to measure the height of some of the nearest mountain tops trigometrically and for this purpose have made a very simple, but detailed quadrant. The animals used for pulling the government wagons are suffering much from lack of fodder, especially the oxens. Many have died from hunger and most of the ones still alive are nothing but skeletons. Now something about the prices here: a pound of coffee costs here 50 cents, a pound of sugar 50 c, a bar of soap between 50 and 75 cents, a pound of lard 37 1/2 cents, a pound of tallow 25 cents, having half a dozen shirts washed 75 cents and all other essential things costs proportionally; mostly the prices are double or triple as high as in St. Louis. Good mules are being sold -5- 1"! d ° nar8 ' 8he9P ^ 1 V2 t0 2 d ° llar8 « d0nk ^ 10 to Ik dollars. The Botanical handbook" which you have sent is very valuable to me. It not only makes me understand „any expressions I did not understand before, but it also itilt L 8 h^ °?° tally m ° re ^ by *** * - * — complete insight in the systematic*; it is, therefore, of great value in plant collecting. How often have I wished I had started the study of botany earlier. Don't the mosses have to be pressed at all? I remain respectfully, Your obedient August Fendler N.B My address is the same as I wrote you in my previous letter of l 5 th of October winter therefore, don't expect any transport to arrive before spring. Do you think the cacti I already collected up to now will spoil? copyright reserved ^ .z^yv: ^ ^h^-- /^y ~^JJ~ z~y^, a^^^Ly ^ ^^/y^y, ^y^^^y^,^ ^y^| ^ ^ ^ _v ^w^y^ycy^. ^y ~- 1~J Jy J~* Jjy~~(£^ ^syC^ ^-^i. '/97~rr* 6L*6-~ , -A/2 »W . ,V Swt: ... ^ w»« «. fy.*6 ,.»«yr ^ ^ y^i^^rr ^^^^^ f *S /C fC^^^y ~~v*0>~ re~,f~,ij£ "<^r — „ y> - «yz*,*7?is -*?,>~.> • J— Lh _j j i i i 1 2 3. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Missouri cm copyright reserved Garden Ae ^S/s's/J? S^fr A^ i^SU- <**y -^y ^ y ^y^-^^ ^^^"^ 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved /V - , y^ y Y^ ^*Y y^^r Y?«^ 'A y&Zz -**z* tcS^af ^./z^tz Y7.~^f ~ „ *7A~S*S~ ^ ^ ~'.'" v " — ~ ~ ^ ~y~~~*ir ^ a^^-ri?7aS . a/faf ^*^~\J7 y^^^^-r- ^^Y^ Yr ^ j/,,~r<*/ . yL^^ A, * ***** ^ y , „ / / / X* f^/y^/ ^ , y ^ ^,.Y..^ _ ^ >^Cv w ~„yYts ,v **™„ . fy s„ r -&£r- \ 1 2 3. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mi S SOU R l cm copyright reserved Garden ,...yy-, ^ ^Lfz ZzZzzZ f zz2. 7 y«y ™ y„J„..„,. yY^ „/„y,-y, „„j/ty,~; V. y^Zy^Y~*Z ,/Z J'SS"/' y * ~* /~ ~> &Zzr-~*(r~™- * . yJ^y'-yZ ,«yYy,JL^ y^,Vy^//^ .„*yy x tYyo *S^, ^,,7S a* ^,-/Z* ^ y**/^ , „ „..v syy ,,.,yy s Z< ^ ^y Zy^y^r-s -^Zy^ yf~* y yyC y, <*Y oY^yy yy^.yt; ^r-dZfy **,.,y«Y<( * /ey,.„^j **t*„jK-~.y -y» yyry™ . ^y.ZZ^ IZ^J ,y^Y~ ^ ^/ / :y^,~ jC~Y^ „<&.Jy #6 ^r**'"-" ~,,Yr*f, />Y*„Y« yyf«y ^ ^yy yy, ZZyY? ~ ^Y • " y,<*,-, sX.s y24*^U'iir/« < fc/ *^f,~S~-„ ^'y^*Z y yy y r/ ^. /Z/yrsyK, y^Z^y t ^ SC*^ ^yZ^^y^^ ^ j^^yy^y Z^ ^ ^~*Z «^: ^rZ, sr /^y — . yy ^ y ^„y .^,.^.y -Ayyy^-y^. plllll M J ^ ^ ^ ^8? 1 cm 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved Missouri Botanical Garden y^y**> ~f- yyy^~ ^^,^Uy y : y^^ ..J;Jjyt ^/y<'- y»^ s y ^ vy yy^^y/y* yy^ ^yy^. ^ ^ — ^ ry^S^A yzyz^,* ^y,^^-. yzy^-rJ^ ^~y. r^^- Jy^^ sf^y^yf ,^ <£y^c~ y~<^ _*w*~~ ^e^r^ ^ ■ yy?rj^£~* Y' . A;, /'/ ■f- ■'■-/■ ,vX~ vOL^CjL^ jy„ _ 4//, c «-yJ» V < / d/Tjf-Ul, j^y^ ■^c y ^^y ^ y^.y? copyright reserved ,^ z^y x*c~ y ^ y^^y ^^^y ^ y/^ y&*r ySv*U™^„/ ^yAJLjjys ° ^■ y*—— «*&^:&^yji i-^^^yy. yy~~>^ SyXJL/, ^yyyy^ ^yyS^y, _ . ^jy^ j j y,,M^ . ^ s44^ „ ^ y ^y^£, owsr X_ ^y^ ^ ^y^/y^.,**, SZ^ ^ ^y ^y yy/y^^j ~~4jy,y^ ^y^yyyy,^ y^^y^^^.^ ^y^^y^ y / ,,<^ -V^-r> •^^~j4'^^o ^f^n~*~ ^>a^ ^jy3^ . y y yy^ s&yy ^^zy^ 'yyy^afySjJ, ^^^Z,/^ ~~y2y^ ^^ryyZ ' ■^yytK, zy^yyJL* ^y yy^ f ^^y^y ^yj\ y^yy^Y^ ^^T^ ^y^-^ ^X- _ J^r >zL°:& ^/ ^y^Y^ ^y^/j^ ^yy^ ^ -yy~y -> — y „-•-_ ■ ^ f y yy^ ~r ^y^ ^u^^^ A yyc y ^ _ _ ^^y^/y^^Z J^jy^^^-^ ayyy . c ,/„f>-y~- , ^ ^ JL^- y&^^^.. yj^ ^^yy^- U~^y. y~ ^yy^y^y^ y, yy , <*^~~ — -y^7^ ~7*~v yjy~ -c^r^^, ^y„ ^^..^vxl. _ yy^y ys ~y / ^yy^y^ ^Cy^ ^ ^y^/^ ^~y/7 -~y^^/^~y- y a*l 0sJ ^"^yyys^jL. A ^y^^yy^.^^.^ ^ ^yyy— ^^y y&~- _ ^y ^-r y^ Fendler, August 1850, July lAth Memphis, Term. TRANSLATION Memphis, Tenn. July 14th, 1850. Dear Doctor, Immediately after my arrival in Camden, I started to sort and distribute my plants collected near Chagres. In New Orleans I had bought tea-paper. I did not have the labels printed, but wrote them myself. On June 17th I finished the sorting of the plants and the pasting and put them in small packages. Following your advice, I did not make more than 25 at a time. The total number of the various plants is ^332 and the number of species 455. Apart from the 455 species, I have also five others which, because of the size of their fruit did not belong in the sets, so that the number of all species collected by me amounts to 460. Further- more, I have a large number of strangely shaped fruits. Set no. 1 contains 467 specimens Set no. 6 219 No. 11 161 " " 2 » 375 ». .1 ». ? 2Q2 tt 12 lif9 " " 3 " 323 » » » 8 192 » 13 Ife, " " k " 290 » n t, 9 . 1&k „ lk 1J7 M 11 5 " 238 « " »» 10 172 » 15 130 No. 16 126, No. 17 118, No. 18 112, No. 19 99, No. 20 95. The plants are as well preserved as can be expected from tropical plants. The largest number of species are trees and brushes; I have more than 30 fern species. As I said, on the 17th of June the plants were put into sets and pasted. In the meantime, I found that the vicinity of Camden has a very good influence on our health; but the soil did not yield much and cash was very rare so that I found little inducement to start a business there; I therefore prepared to leave Camden. I went to the post office several times to ask for letters, but never received any. Only on the 20th of June after having had my things brought to the landing place, I received your kind letter of May 17th, from which I saw it took 32 days to get here. On the 24th of June we left Camden and arrived in New Orleans on the 27th. Here, I bought in a second-hand bookstore "Gray's Botany of the Northern United States", completely new and for 75 cents. On the 30th of June we left New Orleans and arrived in Memphis on July 6th. How much has this city changed and grown within the last five years! When I arrived here, I learned that the cholera was again widespread in St. Louis and I saw immediately that the gas business could be done here with profit. It is, there- -2- ««.. » int.ntion to .tap here for the «i~ M~ - «• ^ - * -» ^ W e Licet difficult, I have in order to .tart each a Woo-, i. th. lifted nr - 1 — — . - * ~ * - ^ t L Zt y our next i.«.r 1- -uch poo .oold oo hind anon* to advance . or J pl^ Then, if th. i. »ot too had th.ra, I .ooid hrin* tha ploot. to St. Looi. myself. , a. .or. poo .ill hapa to .p.nd „ch of poor ti». thl. — r -*» „d I. th.r.for.. oopproao th. do.ir. to a* poo to .tart corre. pond^Hh 8 ard * w plants. Heaver, ho. .oald it h. if ! to th. hop.r. » * plant. .p.elf «d ask «... .h.th.r th., ..old lih. to hav. a ..t of «». Oh.*™ ^t. or „o« In 0... th„ .ant th„, tha, ...Id hnv. to con act ,o» I La v.rp »ch to ,ou a pr...»t of a ..t of „ plan... hot don't hno. .hether .ooU pr.fr ....thin* fro. ..other. «— • ~ «- — — — " Since poor ti.. i. no lifted. I cannot nop. to r.«.iv. another letter a, , d~ tailed a. the on. of Ha, 17th in .hioh ,oo a.nt - .«ch intaraetin. *<°~ Hc.v.r, I a.h ,ou to a.nd .. a ahort not. tollins » ho. «ch poo can adv.no. . (Lea „ pun. dapand on this) and .h.th.r poo .ould advi.. . to coa» to St. Ionia or not. I than* you very much for the compliment you so surprisingly paid me in your letter with regard to the genus Fendlera. With sincere respect, I remain, Sincerely Yours, August Fendler copyright reserved j*-^ *^?J^~J0^ ^^^ ^ a^^y^ ^^^/^ ^^^^^ , ^Z*J - ^ • '. - _^„„^ c^^^ M^y^ JL, ^ ^^^^ = ^y/Z^ s/fJ~. $ ZTr^yyuZ y gy^„ ^„^^^^^y . yyy^^.^J^^^,^' ^ ^^^-yiyzyy^, ^Jr^^^y \ y^^zy^^y^y ^Sy^ ^^^p^7^ ^yiy^ <**^*^^y2^™ ^ y*J r ^yJ?„~ jyi-r ■ —y« rJ ~. ^y^^ :/ ^y^z^^ y „y.yy, ' y '"" Page missing from book at time of scanning. botanicus -2- If I should be able to buy the above mentioned house, I should make some tests in the gard that goes with it, with some foreign plants and grow them from seed, for instance seed from Chagres and Texas or such that you might be kind enough of send me. Therefore, I should like to have cuttings from cacti whicfcr you promised me last summer. For the sets No. 77, to 90 incl. as well as for the other duplicate Santa Fe plants which were not put into sets, which total about 1000 specimens which I sent you in September 18^8 in exchange, I received already at that time 26^f specimens of Texas plants which unfortunately were burned in the big fire. As I see from your letter, Lindheiraer again sent you a large collection; would it bepossible that I may receive some time a specimen. Yours sincerely, A. Fendler So that the letter containing the draft would not fall in the wrong hands, I ask you to send it to A. Fendler care of J. B. Kirtland & Co. Memphis, Tennessee. -yS, ,J^~- -^C^- ^-4* ^, Or.. .~« r7 ^y^~*~. ^^^£ — j?/ ^ f J<^~ ^^^^ ^^C; <^k^ ^'^^ JL^r^y^L ^Lr ^^^^^ , . ^ r ^~ ^°y^,y^^^ . ^^^^^ y^y>^ ^ zJ^^^y ^^^^ ^^z^/^ ^^^r^^^ ^^$5^^^^ Missouri Botan? . utti CttORCE ENGELMANN PAPEHg Fendler, A, 1851, February 28th Memphis t Tennessee TRANSLATION Memphis, February 28th f I85I. Dear Doctor, I received your two letters of the l8th and the 22nd of February, the first on the 2*fth of this month and yesterday the latter containing the draft for 99.25/100 Dollars, for which I thank you very much. With regret I learned from your first letter that just the case containing the most complete set of my Chagres plants as well as the fruits and the *k catalogue was lost, the more so since I do not have a duplicate of the latter. Therefore, the work of making all the notes was in vain. Sksradfrxs? As soon as you learn more about the case and the efforts of the shipping agency, please let meknow. I have put into the ground on the l8th of this month various seeds which I brought from Chagres; however, nothing has come up yet. For some time now the weather is rather warm here, the peach trees were already in full bloom on the 25th of this month jaonbcik but since this morning, the thermometer shows less than 30 degrees and the ground is frozen. One' Cardamine was the first plant which I saw in bloom. outside this year. If you wish to send me cacti ar other plants, the best way would be by the steamer "Robert Fulton 11 which is now traveling regularly between St. Louis and Memphis and in this case you could send them directly to my address;, however, should you send them on a different boat, please address them in care of A # B. Shaw 8c Co., Wharf Boat. Sincerely yours, A. Fendler Missouri Botanical g Engelmann Papers yyy ^ r^y%y jy^y^yr Ayyiy^ yj y .-w<^£ y yy„ y y y> yy«*»*-r yyS*^ .y o^y^^ ^y scyt^y^. , ' 7 - -, . '.-.>■> . - ■ yz, ^jtyy. y^spt/. ^ * ,y,„^yys *y^-*y Jy y .^y ^*y/ George Engelmann pap^ ^ copyright reserved Readier, A. I851 , June 6th Memphis, Term. TRANSLATION Memphis, Term, June 6th 1851. Dear Doctor, I have received your letter of the 20th of this month and was glad to learn that all cases arrived safely at Kew and also that you were able to get some cactus seeds to germinate, I hereby the desired copy of your instructions for the collecting of cacti which should be very advantageous to the cactus collectors. I have not been able to make long excursions from the town and only collected in the immediate vicinity where I did not find any unusual plants With regard to Opuntia, I can say that during all my travels throughout the; United States, I found only one, and that was in northern Illinois. The small Texas plants are making progress and also two Malvaviscus ge How could I learn the names of the Chagres plants? Always yours, A. Fendler ,yA*AA^ ^^A^^y JL«~~yt* ^^~~*r~ sZ,...>, # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 cm copyright reserved Fendier, A. TRANSLATION 1851, September 28th Memphis, Tenn. Memphis, September 28th I85I. Dear Doctor, The day before yesterday I received your letter of the 18th of this month. Fortunately, I found among my papers the letter of the war minister Marcy to General Kearny, in the original? secondly, a copy of the letter of Lt. Col. Mackay to Capt. Clary, the original I had handed over at that time in Fort Leavenworth and it was not returned to me. Thirdly, I found the invoice of Quartermaster Stores which I have received in Fort Leavenworth and a receipt from Quartermaster McKissack in Santa Fe to the effect that I delivered these quartermaster stores in Santa F$ f both are originals. All this I wrote today to Capt. Clary and asked him of which things he would like to have copies and how these should be notarized in order to be valid. Of all the plants which I grew from your Texas seeds, only Oenothera Jamesii bloomed and a few of them have stems (2-3 feet high). The rest will probably bloom next year. By the way, the stems are full of beautiful fruits and it is a pity that they only open up in the evening after dark and start to wilt as soon as the sun comes up; so that one has to get up early in order to see them in full bloom. The first bloom opened on September 6th. Kelianthus Max is full of buds, but has not yet bloomed. Lepachys did grow very well and is rather crippled. Sesbania is grow- ing wild here. — This morning the thermometer shewed 38 degrees and there was hoarfrost on the leaves. Of my Chagres plants, four species grew beautifully and strong, especially two beautiful mimosa species (both bog plants) are now ^f— 5 fset high, but probably won f t last very long outside. I have leased the property we live on for another three years and had many changes made. During the last few weeks, the business has become pretty lively again. This summer and autumn has been much more unhealthy here than in the pre- vious years and I have just gotten over a bad fever so that our business was badly neglected. Poor health, extreme heat, urgent business, but especially the long drawn out drought which we have here some times made it especially difficult for me to do much for botany this summer. At the present, I am still so weak and overburdened with work I believe I will hardly be able to collect this year. I should be very happy if I could pay back my debt to you soon. Always yours, A. Fendier. 1 j0pr>. JL?-^&^~ ^^Lf y^^y^.^ j^-^^ ' r —y 9 . ^y /r „,y^^yy ^ ™w ^ry^, ^^yy ^ M'SSOURl BOTAn, 6E0RSE E«0£LMANN P A ^, (a -«■ 1 cm 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved Missouri Botanical Garden 1651, October 27th Memphis. Memphis, October 27th 1851. Dear .Doctor, . I received your kind letter of October 10th some time ago. As Capt. Clary wished, I sent him a copy of the letter of the Secretary of V/ar, certified by the Justice of the Peace, as well as one from Prof. Gray and the original receipt of Capt. MacKissack, then Quartermaster of Santa Fe. I had taken these papers with me on ray trip to Fort Kearny since I thought they were not unimportant and so they escaped the big fire. Capt. Clary was very pleased that I still had these papers. I am glad to hear that Prof. Gray sent some money again. According to the accounting which you sent me in a letter of January 2*fth 1851, it says among other things "due to F, 1 285.65. However, in counting the small sets which you took for yourself, there was a small mistake of 88 spec, which you recog- nized in your later letter of l8th February and allowed me $ 6^.15 instead of S 59.75. For the sent No. 2 of the Chagres plants remained £ 37.90 total sum ^323.55 This sum which you mentioned in your last letter of October 10th contains, therefore, a mistake of S h.kO which was not taken into account, since then it should have been ^ 327.95 instead of Z 323.25. Namely S& 285.65 P lus $ ^0 correction $ 290.05 37.90 * 327.95 Since I have had to finish my accounts with Jackson, you may credit me the way you suggested. I shall, therefore, send Jackson in my next letter a draft of 2 11.67 since I believe you will, after studying the above, that my accounting is correct. Didn't Prof. Gray say what the prospects are for the sale of the rest of the Chagres plants? I am very much obliged to you for the troubles you took with re- gard to my plants and will still continue to take. Frankly, collecting plants for sale is something that bears fruit very late and then only a little bit at the time. Sincerely yours, A. Fendler copyright reserved Wler, A. TRANSLATION .852, April 19th lemphis, Term. Memphis, April 19th 1852. Dear Doctor, I received your kind letter of 29th of last month on the third of this month. The demand for Chemical-Oil lances has grown since last summer more than I expected and I am, therefore, too busy to turn my attention to other things. Therefore, I not only neglected botany, but any reading at all. The interesting information in your last letter again awakened my interest in this respect and I would be very happy if my time would permit me to do more than I did last year; but I can hardly hope that as long as the number of my customers remains the same or more probably increases. I was glad to receive the seeds and immediately put them into the ground. I certainly shall not spare any effort to grow plants out of them and to send you dried specimens. Already much has come up and as I believe also soon some of the cactus plants?? I was glad to learn the names of the greatest part of my Chagres plants and am much obliged to you and am glad to know that among them were some which Bentham said were new, even some new genera, which I had not expected of plants coming from such a well known area as Chagres where so many traveled. Unfortunately, I found out in the meantime that the set which Bentham had for determination could not have been No. k (as Gray says), but most probably No. 5 and, therefore, did not contain 290 species but only 238. It is not clear to me how this mixup happened and xt would be most regrettable if a similar mistake would be made with the other sets and some buyer would pay for more specimens they received and others would pay for less than they received. The loss which the first ones would suffer could reflect very badly on me even though I hardly believe that I made a mistake in numbering the sets since I am usually very careful in my work. Therefore, it would probably be necessary to draw Gray's attention to this fact, which you could do in your next letter to him. In your letter of October 10th of last year you already deducted something for the freight of the Chagres plants since you say there: "Chagres plants 1, and k 5 6, 7, 8, 9 - $ 179.00. After deduction of freight costs and some other expenses -\ x66.O0. Does the 5 15.00 which you deducted in your last letter per- haps represent the freight costs for the remaining sets of the Chagres plants? .Sorne of the Oenothera Jamesii plants which I planted last year grew, even though it was too late in the season to have blooding stems and then died; the others only xncreased their root leaves and stayed close to the ground. However, with~ beginning of this spring, the latter developed blooming stems which are now already .ore than two feet high and very strong. I s Oenothera, therefore, a one year or a year plant? Helianthus Max, grew again from the roots of the onesThich grew last year, ° Bentham determined completely only 8 3 -84 species of the l8 7 Chagres plants which exam.ned, that is not even half of them, one can, therefore, assume that among " vteif' :t: * eet No - 1 severai new ^ - b ° — - a ~- £iiiSia (Vogel) and Aeschynomene hispida Willd. one and the same plant? You would make me very happy if you would send me the already published Planta .rxghtxanae as soon as you can get it for me. I am very curious to see the deter- mination of the plants contained therein as well as the determination of my plants to I M ^ W0rk6d bef ° re - 1 ^ 3180 Slad t0 «** «~»» * *** to descr.be his collection made on the Istmus and among them some of mine. I should like to have also some of these descriptions, if possible. .lant 1 ^ Seneral thSt 1 C ° Uld ^ " °^ ort -"y to 1~» more about tropical the north where I intend to spend the last days of my life. That Dr. Wislisenus was married and had a son was quite new to me since I al- ways thought of him as a bachelor. Sincerely yours, A. Fendler •Missouri Botanical Garden y-yy^yyy ^:^y^>y^ysy^^^^ j -y^^y^jL^^ y^£y£^-Y^ ^^s^Sf. y,A„y „y£„ ^J^y *y '/yyy,^ t*** Zyj^ZZyZZZZZ^^ ^yj..J:*ZZ„. y$^Z. ^ ^./A.., „„,yd< ~/ ^.„,jy ^y*^ . ^ ^y^jL^^. a~.f&^J^CA*y ^^/iL^L^^ -^yy^y^.a^y^^ ^^y£$u. ^r^a^ . ■ : y~A;.tA,A\y ^ .y^/^r^ ^„,^yy y*^^^~ ^yy<.^^y^ C., >,/.'.<-■ ■ llll III! _ ^ [,J I I I | 1 cm 2 3- 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved Missouri Botanical Garden September 27th Memphis, Term. Memphis, September 27th, 1852. Dear Doctor, I have received your kind letter together with the seeds some time ago and thank you very much for it. It is a pity that I cannot sow them now. In my letter of April 19th, I wrote you that some of what you sent me has come up. A little bit later, some more small plants germinated, but on the whole there were only four species, namely Datura , Helianthus , Solanum and Prosopis . — The ones which did not sprout were: Vitis , Frasera , Convolvulus and Baileya . Each seed of Datura sprouted and grew strongly. The next was Helianthus which germinated and grew strongly, t ^ ien Solanum ; only one small plant of Prosopis appeared. As soon as it can be done, I shall take the little plants out of the case where I sowed them and plant them outside in ray garden. One morning I found the bed all scratched up by an animal, probably a cat, and several plants were torn out and wilted. Only four plants of Datura, two of Solanum and two of Helianthus escaped. These I grew and already had the pleasure to see them in fruit and bloom. The Datura gave me great pleasure by its large beautiful blossoms and went far beyond my expectations. The blossoms are 8" long, of a pure white color except at the edges which some times have a slight purplish look. — It began to bloom on the 26th of July. The opening of the blossoms starts shortly before sun-down and happens very quickly in 10-20 seconds. The style is 1 lA rf long, bent towards the ground. The opening of the fruit happens in a very strange way, it does not become dry as the usual Datura , also has no valves which open; but the thick, juicy and very fragile fruit hull opens at the time the seed is ripe, into quite irregular directions, at which time immediately the greatest part of the seeds fall out so that I had to pick them up from the ground. The fruit has numerous thorns, much more than the usual Datura, The stem and "the^branches of this plant were not strong enough to bear the numerous heavy fruits and the branches sometimes broke off and the plant is unable to remain straight and, therefore, can be called a lying down plant; could this be because of the fertile soil? I col- lected a large number of seeds therof. As it appears to me the plant is able of a large distribution and self reproduction. Even now there appear always new leaves. The first fruit was ripe on the 13th of this month. Solanum tuberosum ? bloomed around the middle of July. From one plant, I re- ceived eleven small potatoes of the size of a pea up to the size of a cherry, all of an elongated shape. I am curious to know whether I can get larger bulbs if I replant the little ones again next year. pupil 1 cm 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved Missouri Botan ICAL Garden -2- Helianthus from Wright began to bloom on the 12th of this month, has now per- haps not less than 100 blossoms , but is very slim in the stem and branches and I had to support it to prevent it from bending down to the ground, Helianthus Maxim. : from Texas is just beginning to bloom, is eight feet high, the stem thicker on the top than on the bottom and also received a strong piece of wood to support it. Oenothera Jamesii is 11 1/2 feet high, however, also cannot stand up without support. In my last letter I wrote you it appeared to me that also some of the cactus plants may grow up. Since the plants, however, just broke through the ground, my opinion was not very strong and soon I saw that what I thought were cactus plants, was something entirely different. I am sorry to have to tell you that nothing of the cactus seeds grew up. Which is the best way to sow them? Of all the plants I grew from seeds you sent me, I have dried specimens. I am thinking of taking a trip to St. Louis next spring and shall take them with me then should I not find an opportunity to send them earlier. The last summer proved to be one of the most unhealthy one which can be re- membered in this area; however, the cholora was very unimportant here. I, also had a small attack of fever; just now, my brother is suffering from a bilious fever, but an efficient physician cured us soon. The Chemical-Oil business is still grow- ing and if that should continue, I would soon need a larger boiler. However, the Gas Company which has been here for some months is putting in gas pipes for my best customers. As the rumor goes, this town will have gas light beginning January 1st, and then the extent of my business will decrease. I probably shall keep enough of my small customers to make a living; also I can combine the distilling of alcohol with the Chem.-Oil business. In any event, it is very doubtful and depends on the circumstances whether I make Memphis my permanent seat of residence or not. A decision will be made within a year. Memphis has grown very such during the time cf ay residence here with many DeBMZ^t ul, massive stores and residences. I am glad to hear that you and your dear family did so well. Sincerely yours, 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved copyright reserved Fendler, A. 1853, March 1st Memphis, Term, TRANSLATION Memphis, March 1st, 1853. Dear Doctor, Your kind letter of November 2kth together with your two papers about the Calif ornian cactaceae and the meteorology arrived here safely and I wish to express my sincere thanks. The meteorogical tretease also was of great interest to me, since I also had made some studies, however, not very complete, I found that the therraometric studies made by the local Navy-Yard here and sometimes published, are very different from mine and that during a whole month not one single item agreed with mine. Only one example: 3rd February 1852 according to my observation: sunrise 3 P» m » 28° 6k° Navy- Yard— k7° ^8° There seem to be no differences between the thermometers themselves since on the 19th of January 1852 both showed at sunrise - 2°F.~...So much for official meteor- oligal statements of the local Navy-Yard. The gas Company began putting on their lights only on the 22nd of this month. My business, therefore, suffered considerably. Still, I could have done pretty well if not at the same time the price for turpen- tine has gone up to an unheard of height. Therefore, I was forced to raise the price for one gallon of the Chemical Oil to 1 1.20 which also caused the loss of some cus- tomers. At the present high price of turpentine, the business begins to disgust me and we shall probably go somewhere else within a few months. Where... is still undecided. I still don't have a definite aim, but I believe that the direction will probably be south. Nicaragua plays a rather important role in my plans. Unfortun- ately, I am unable here to find out anything about that area. In any event, there would be much to do for botany, but the climate will probably be unhealthy. According to your wishes I am enclosing herewith seeds of Datura meteloides. Doesn't Gray know the reason why no money is coming in for meV Beginning of October I received from him Plantae V/rightianae. The seeds you sent me in a previous letter I have already sowed a month ago. Some of the little plants have come up, but what they actually are, I cannot say yet. Always yours, A. Fendler copyright reserved ^ ^ *.T-* ;•. , A. 6 ^rc^y v^W*^ ^-/^ UlSSOURl BOTANICAL G^R i y. J6>. j S6.3■'> 6s. fff 68./# 6^6. sv <68. ss 6Jh<#£ \ W\ 6 a. ' <( 6 3. jr 66. 6 6£. v 66.' 6 /. * &3^ # 65' & ******* ./>*>■ - /- J - 7^f/-y s*jr~~s~'^ j yyy~<* ^ry^sy y^yy,^^ s~~.*.<~y~' *ziyi-< vay^,^^-- ^^y^^y^^^^^-y^^,^ 5^ — -,y~~ Botanical garden «o««E Encelmann Papers 1856, March 19th Cambridge, Mass. Cambridge, Mass. 19th March 1856 Dear Doctor, Since I never received an answer to ray letters from Mr. Clary and, there- fore, did not know whatever happened to ray things which I left in Cincinnati and since I furthermore already had collected quite a number of plants, I de- cided to travel to the United States myself. I left the colony on January 28th via Caracas, La Guayra to Porto Cabellof which I left on February 15th on the Brig. "Thorn. Watson". After a very stormy trip of three weeks, we arrived in New York. Here, I found my things still with Mr. Clary who told me that he has received only one letter from me, and that was the last one I wrote and that he was only waiting for a favorable opportunity to send them. As soon as I got my plants collected in Venezuela off the ship and through customs, I sent them immediately to Prof. Gray where they arrived safely yesterday. Prof. Gray invited me to come to him and since yesterday I am staying in his house and eating at his table. He promised me to send the plants out as soon as possible so that I would not have to wait too long for the money. I have not yet received an answer to my last letter to you; however, since in a previous letter you mentioned that you wanted to subscribe to one of the sets of ray Venezuelan plants^ Prof. Gray is going to send you one as soon as you selected the numbers you want. Since I had no income since the time I left Memphis two years and three months ago, and the expenses, especially the travel expenses, were very high, you would do me a great favour and oblige me very much if you would send the money, together with the 20 Dollars you intended to send me earlier, to Dr. Gray. As soon as I am provided again with some funds, I intend to return to the colony not only to enlarge ray species collections, but to complete them as much as possible, so that each subscriber can expect to receive a complete set. Respectfully yours, A. Fendler ML B j y 1 2 3. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Missouri Botanical Garden cm copyright reserved y~^/-~£yr e I 7 8 9 H copyright reserved g Missouri Botanical Garden Iff — — ' — mm mJ m 1 2 3-4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Missouri Botanical Garden cm copyright reserved 1856, Aprii 1st Cambridge, Mass. Cambridge, Mass. April 1st, I856 Dear Doctor: I just received your letter of the 27th of last month. According to your wishes, I have packed together set no. 5, containing 1C48 specimens, and stored them in a dry place in Dr. A. Gray's house. I shall probably stay here only 6-8 days longer and then travel to Philadelphia, where I have some business to do and where within Ik days a ship will be ready to leave for La Guayra. Therefore, I will not be able to wait for your draft here. The best would be to send it t& Dr. Gray, who can send me another one to Philadelphia. Dr. Gray set the price for the larger sets which contain the complete specimens as well as the ferns at 10 Dollars per 100, so that your set would come close to 105 Dollars, therefore, in- cluding the 20 Dollars which you already held for me previously, the amount should be 125 Dollars. Should any specimens be faulty, I shall enclose a substitute with my next collection. I should appreciate it very much if I could receive this money before I leave Philadelphia, since Dr. Gray will already be making some advances and I would not like to ask for more. It was too cold to bring any living plants. Also, during November and December I spent all my time in sorting plants for my sets, so that I could not think of collecting live plants. However, I shall see what can be done in this regard when I return to Venezuela. You ask whether I want to return to the country of dampness and clouds? It is true, there is a monotonous climate and very little changes in the view of the mountain vegetation. As it is now, it keeps year in, year out its green mantle. But I still prefer this eternal monotony to the extreme changes of the climate in the United States-here Siberian winter coldness and African heat in the summer, not to speak of the fever and other illnesses; -if I could only find some profitable business in Venezuela apart from plant collecting, since the collecting in the tropical area with steep mountains and impenetrable forests is a strenuous one and a physical strain. Therefore, I shall try after my return to open a distilling business on the side. Dr. Gray wrote some days ago to Prof. Henry of the Smithsonian in ray regard and it might be possible that he receives some instruments for me to study the climate. Prof. A. Gregot is not here at the present time. Before I can make a contribution to Silliraan's journal, I have to do further studies, especially with regard to the barometral and hygrometral conditions. I am glad to hear that in St. Louis more people are becoming interested in the natural sciences and that the founding of a botanical garden and a natural copyright reserved -2- history society is expected. The reason I hope to end ray life in the United States is the wish to follow the results of intensive scientific education. From the last I feel so far removed in Venezuela and in this regard I am very isolated. I wish you and your family a very happy trip to Germany and remain in friendship. Yours, A. Fendler 1 2 3. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Missouri Am ... . Botanical cm ^^^^^ copyright reserved garden ^^^^^y^4^r yyyy^ y^^^y^^ ^y^~ '^—^ ^^^^yy*-^ ^Zf^ sy-y y 9~ -L-> y^ ^'^^^Zc^^' ^ w <&£y ^y y ,,J it^yZs' S ^y&r~. ^,y~~y 7 y^~,~^ ^yy y/„-^. ^£^~ . ^y^yy^yj^ „ ^^..„~A,yy ^ m ^yys y s+ys y .,.y,,y„s ^y, y^ ~~ys~ >^y~~~~* yy^ Uy^r ../^~ ^^y*^*^y^ <^^, ys,^~,yt,y^^~~ ^ y^^y •4 " Sr. 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved ^,>f ^^^^ 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved X. " x J E^Sl ml 1 2 3. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Missouri Botanical Garden cm copyright reserved 7 ^ ^^7**% y <^f~ - - ^y^l ***** EtaEU^,, , 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 cm copyright reserved m " ™ ■- — ■ hJ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Missouri Botanical Garden cm copyright reserved Dear Doctor, Ijun enclosing my meteorological observations for April 1865. From your letter of the 23rd of last month I see that your rainfall does not vary much from mine, as well as during the whole month of March and also on the 29th and 30th. I can hardly believe„that Shaw's observations concerning the amount of rain are correct. On April 23rd when you had in the morning 33% I had here only 28° with a strong frost which caused some damage to the strawberry and pear blossoms. The last frost we had dm May 12th at 32 1/2° at 5 a.m. and the hottest temperature 90" on May 15th 2 p. m. This spring, I did not make any notes of the time the first fruit trees bloomed? however, I know that the forest started to have leaves Ik days earlier than in the spring of 1864, also, in general, the vegetation was two weeks ahead than in 1864. I had not yet tried to poison the rabbits, since they did not cause much damage lateley, Yesterday I received a letter from Gray with the following contents: j L- ^ ■■ ,• • < HI, | |, | j | N| J m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Missouri cm copyright reserved Botanical Garden I do not know what to write him. I don't like to go so far away from here, especially since the improvement of my little garden with^ultivated as well as wild plants, with tiny hill plants, gives me more pleasure every day. (Erysimum Arkansanura did not suffer from replanting if it is already in bloom; of Dodecathon Meadia I have almost 200). I counted 1200 blossoms, buds and seed capsules on a single purple-coloured Phlox plant. The vegetable garden is planted with various kinds of vegetables, which all grow very well and already gave me much pleasure. U On the other hand, it would/good if I could earn some money at Gray's so that I may be able to choose ray residence later wherever I want to. It is impossible for me to reject Gray's request entirely and I shall, therefore, write him soon in order to get more information concerning/points. What do you think about this matter? Sincerely yours, A. Fendler George Engelraann, M.D. St. Louis, Mo. ^^^^ ^fy^T &?'Z^, J^*^ ^Zr*?^. r~,w ^w- ^t^r 024^,^ ^.r*,., ; * ■J — U ' ' # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Missouri cm copyright reserved Botanical Garden C^ r^ l/^^r Dear Doctor, i Enclosed you will find ray meteorological observations for May I865. I also was surprised to eje that your barometer was much higher than mine in April, but I don't know why. Whei^r tjiis also proved to^be true for May? As far as I know, there is nothing wrong with my barometer. On May 29th at approximately 6 1/2 o*clock in the morning, while I was having breakfast, I felt a slight earthquake which lasted approximately JO seconds. I still don't have your barometer maximum and minimum for July, August and December l86*f, January, February and March 1865, as well as your rain fail for ; July, August and November l86*f and should appreciate your letting me have these soon. On the first of the month I received a letter from Gray in which he says among other things: "Living is high in Cambridge, no doubt", but he would have to find out | how high. With regard to my remark concerning the travel expenses, buying of furniture, : cloths etc. which would take up the greatest part of my salary for the first year, \fJL and whether I wouldfcompensated for this, he says:"I feel, of course, that I ought to make provisions fpo- your expenses in fitting up rooms, etc.", but he does not say that he would really do it. Then he says that the highest amount he can pay for ; the herbarium work wou&dbe 4 5^0. However, the salary from the garden is most uncertain. "Something must be done in regard to it", he says in a different place while in another place he says J "it is doubtful whether we are to have any funds to caary the garden on at all". Finally he says: "Now, what I want is to have the garden pay you enough to eke out the 4 500 from me to a comfortable little salary. I suppose we can't talk at „ ; present of over 4 300 from the garden. Perhaps only 4 250. But I should wish and hope to secure for you at length a salary of 4 1000 1 and such facilities about living that you would have very little outgoes, except for food & cloths." I answered him a few days ago that he was not definite eiough in his letter with regard to some points, especially about the fitting of rooms etc. and that if it was certain that I could save something out of my salary of 4 500 and that a later raise was not doubtful, I would come to him; but if the necessary living expenses were so high that they would take up my entire salary, I could not see any advantage in accepting the position or its desirability. I am expecting an answer to my last letter soon and shall then decide whether I will go or not. He wants me come by the middle of August. Sincerely yours, A. Fendler 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved .... ~A ^r^ ^i— S 1 ^ J> ^^f-^r ^0 /curt? f 7^ 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved ^/y,^yy^^\ —yy- y j^-Jluc yz,yy 7< ^ -Jj»~jf. ft y^y^ys ^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^ £y^ rz^^^'y «\»y>^ ^yc,yy . yy^^y^ ^7^> ^ y^y^/^y^ ^^^^^ y^ v y^^^r^ s^s^^x^— y ^y st/wyO ^w^^>— ^^yyr y^^' xr -^^v^ v copyright reserved ^C^Jy^y^ y ^JL—-y j ^*yy~- — y^^y— -w. j ^y,~ ^C*jy j ^7^/^' ^y^y^^ y^ **zy r , ^~y^ ^ ef^y yy„- y ys wssouri Botanical Garden SE0R6E Engelmann Papfbs JJ • 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Missouri Botanical Garden cm copyright reserved — ^;„j^ C~fJL*~s, copyright reserved ^^^^^^ , Jl^J ^y ^-XJ^ ' ^—°/^y ^ys y ^/y3> ^y y~>* ^£y.yy„ ^w^/^X^^ ^^iy^y^Tl^Jr _i ^y^y^y^y^- ^j^J^ -^y ^*^^ f . y^/^y^*^- ^yu^^?* . &^-y yyf*>^~^ —>^y?~y~ -y U-v- ^y^C^r'£^ y ^A*y> t /^/^-^ tswi_ +*^ ~^*y£f — £&y<£*z~ srr-c* J}<^: y^r y^z^S ^ " ^r^^y 4? s&^wr J)^y^ y j^^y^r ^ 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved 1365, November 2nd V ~" Cambridge, Mass. Cambridge, Mass. November 2nd, 1865. Dear Doctor, I have received your letter of the 6th of last month. Unfortunately, I am unable to collect fruit specimens of wild growing grapes in this area as you~asked me to, since it was already too late in the season when I learned of your request. Mr. H. Mann who himself is greatly interested in botany and knows this area well, assured me that the wild growing grapes had already lost their fruits and leaves. It is a pity that I did not think of it myself before, since I myself would have liked to have some specimens. In his last letter, my brother writes me on October 19th that he had suffered an attack of fever the day before, so it seems the fever is all over the west. The state of my health is at present excellent which I believe is probably due to the closeness of the ocean. During the day, which begins at 7 1/2 in the morning until 5 o'clock in the evening, I work in the herbarium where there is always work to do and of the four working days of which Gray wrote me earlier, nothing is said any more. I did not claim any time for myself, since I well know he would like me to lose as little time as possible. I did the sorting of Ranunculaceae to Rosaceae inclusive, accord- ing to the partly published work by Benth. and Hook. "Genera plantarum" and numbered the genera accordingly. The grasses according to Steudel? Labiatae, Scroph., Verb., Solanaceae, Compositae etc. according to DeCandolle. At present, I am wosk|pg on the Cyperaceae. Gray still has a great number of bunches of dried East Indian plants from the Kew herbarium. Furthermore, several packages of Japanese-plaits: collected by Oldham, which will still have to be poisoned and pasted on white paper. Then, the plant parts of Wilke's expedition have to be looked at, labels to be written for the duplicates. Furthermore, many plants, before being laid out for pasting, should be compared with those in the herbarium, whether , there is still room on the old sheets and whether already a sufficient amount of specimens of one and the same species are in the herbarium, in which case Dr. Torrey receives the duplicates. Also, there are other collections to sort, for instance my own and that of Wright. From time to time, I also plant something small in the garden, keep the rooms of the herbarium clean, get charcoal out of the basement, etc. I received a barometer from the local observatory, similar to ray own and bor- rowed a thermometer, and since of the 1st of October, I am making again regularly 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved Missouri botan ical Garden -2- observations which I send to the Smithsonian Institution as I did previously. Several weeks ago I had the pleasure to talk to Prof. Henry here at the Garden. He remembered me, but did know that since my return from Venezuela I still con- tinued ray meteorological observations. This shows how much he looks at the monthly tables which are being sent in regularly. Gray arranged for me the use of the University library which is one of the most complete in scientific works I ever saw. It also contains many German works. This provides me with enough literature for the long winter evenings. Gray learned yesterday that the gardener demands $ 5 per week for my board, he had only counted on 5 k at the most and does not want to give more in the future; and therefore I again have my meals at Gray's table where the midday meal is served at 5 1/2. My brother writes me that the parsnips grew 10" long with a diameter of 3" in unfertilized soil at the foot of the hill. The land there seems to be going up in price, since the Aliens, my neighbors, were already offered 8000 Dollars for their 120 acres with improvements, they, however, turned it down and demanded 1200 Dollars, previously he had asked for 8000 Dollars. 7 h 2 h 9 ff^ The average temperature of October is 46.7 41.3 5.50 43.8 Maximum temperature is 74° on the first, minimum 26° on the 24th. I requested Prof. Henry to give me some blanks and also some tables in order to list the barometer readings. The first, I received, however, not the latter. Therefore, I cannot tell you the average barometer readings. The highest reading was 30.575 55th on the 30th 9 p.m., the lowest 29.120 0° on the 19th 9 p.m. The high barometer readings seem unusual to me. Nothing else is new. Sincerely yours, A. Fendler 1 cm 7 8 9 10 Missouri . , . Botanical copyright reserved garden 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved -4^*^ -Jl^r ^T^y^^ c^ffc- -^f ^J-yJ^^^w t^^^S^'y' ^i^Z^y^^. ^C^/^ „ yf ^uJ y y?^L^?^if -^^-rUS- -<&*~y^^^^s> y£y-r~ Fendler, A. lSfej-Seceraber 2nd, I865. Cambridge, Mass. TRANSIATION Cambridge, Mass., December 2nd, 1865. Dear Doctor, Even though there is not much to write about, I still should like to let you know again how things are. Soon after mailing my last letter to you, I received the desired raeterological and physical tables from the Smithsonian Institution and am, therefore, able to give you the average barometer readings for November. Barm.: 7 2 9 Mean 29.993 .952 .95^ .966 Therm. 36.2 ^5.8 if0.5 hO.8 Cloudiness 6.2 7.3 7.3 Max. Bar.: 30. 585, 11th 7 a.m. Max. therm: 67°, 16 and 17th, 2 p.m. Mln * " 29,360 5th 2 P' m - Min * " 20° 12th 7 a.m. Range 1.225 Range TPr Several days ago, I unpacked the last plants of my Venenulian collection, completed the numbers Gray already had and prepared the rest for mounting. At the present, I am again busy with Oldham's Japanese plants. I did not like the change in my boarding arrangements. I never really knew at what time breakfast, lunch or dinner were served and always had to watch the time. Furthermore, when one has to sit at table with ladies, one has to be better dressed and has to shave every morning. To add to all this, the dining room w^ warmer than I could stand and I did not feel very comfortable. I stood this for three weeks, then I told Gray that I would prefer to eat by myself. If he would provide me with the necessary things, I would prepare ray own breakfast and supper and he could send ray dinner to my office. This was then done. I used alcohol to boil the coffee. I did not like the treatment I received from Mrs. G. , who, on purpose, gave me milk with the cream taken off and I made that very clear to Gray. Since then, hs is doing everything to make me happy and offered to pay me 20 Dollars per month for food, so that I could have my dinner at a restaurant. This would be the best and I shall ask around in Cambridge. One's own home is not easy to replace in a strange household, at least not for me and I shall feel twice as comfortable if I can be on my own land again. There was some talk several days ago about my new engagement, and Gray did everything to talk me into staying longer than the 1st of March. -2- I intend to pay off a small debt of 18 Dollars in St. Louis, but don't want to put the money into a letter. Therefore, I should appreciate it if you would pay, as soon as you have time, the above amount to Bridget Pussett who formerly was with Shaw. I have already talked about this with Gray and he is willing to pay you back this money in some way. Hoping that you will be able to me this favor, I shall tell the above mentioned person to get the money from you. Sincerely yours, A. Fendler 1 I I, J | I I J m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Missouri cm copyright reserved Botanical Garden j?—/^ — —yrC 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved — J^K _lyJ, Ia^ v -JZ^'^ ' MmcnfZl Botanic. 1 ** ,^^^z*^y/7 ^smm, EUSELMANN PAPERS 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved 1865, December 25th Cambridge, Mass, TRANSLATION Cambridge, Mass, December 25th t Dear Doctor, I received your two letters of the 6th and ?th of December. Comparing the temperature, I noted that the differences between 7 o'clock and 2 o'clock and 2 « 'clock and 9 o'clock are much greater in St. Louie as at the same time in Cambridge. This is probably because of the more cloudy sky in Cambridge. But the barometer reading here seems to be* entirely difference from the one in St. Louie, at least for the month of November. While our 9 o'clock watch is 0.25 higher as the one during the 2 o'clock watch, it is here only .002 higher. The lowest temperature we had here up to now is 2» above zero on December 9th 7 a.m., on the 16th we had 7" and on the 22nd 3' above zero. I told Gray that it would not be possible for me to stay longer than March 1st, whereupon he said: he is very sorry, but if it couldn't be changed, he has to accept the fact. .Since I have my midday meal at the boarding house in Cambridge, I have a quieter and gayer life and cannot complain about anything. Instead of saying that the herbarium is on the west side, I should have said on the east side. Gray showed me recently an article in Sillies Journal about the origin of the prairie by Prof. Dana and thought I should write the latter my opinion about this. Therefore, I sent him some notes and received a letter from him yesterday wherein he said amotfg other things: -Your facts are highly interesting and with your permission I will insert your communication as an article in the March number of the Journal of Science". Cray obtained for me "Tyndall's Lectures on Heat considered as a mode of Motion" and I spent many evening hours reading this. I found that the experiments were carried out well and with great ingenuity. fl» t the author did not succeed in proving that heat is nothing but a "mode of motion". I have several notes and could show direct contradictions and that he gets sometimes involved with problems from which he cannot extricate himself. I have never been able to see that warmth is something material, but neither can I believe that it is nothing but motion. I believe in my own opinions which I have not yet found in any work and intend to develop* them later one when I am back home and have more time, # . # I wish you and yours a Happy New Year and remain, Sincerely yours, A. Fendler f^jy^ , <3 ^^-^^< .^M^* <>0(ZJr*^s> ^.y^f -L'^ jZ^,^ ^^'x^r^^'yf j^^^S*^ *^r'S ,«^*— ' >~'g*/6 /^rf ^^^'^ , JZJ ^2 ^ ^ ^ 1 cm 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved Missouri Botanical Garden y^^AZ'y'^ ^^^^^ 1 cm 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved Missouri Botanical Garden *J«300m BoTANlCAC copyright reserved 1866, February 4th Cambridge, 'Mass* Dear Doctor, I have received your letter of the 20th of last month and thank you for the meteorological results. But why do you address me as "Herr" all of a sudden? It sounds strange after reading for years "Dear Fendler". Your December barometrical reading is the highest at 7 a.m., here for the same month it is at 9 P*ni. This time, my thermometer readings almost coincide with your which I had not expected. In the St. Louis area one can use the barometer almost as a weather forecast; here, I find it completely unreliable. The observations I made here strengthened again my belief that the great west from New Orleans up to the springs of the Missouri is the area in North America where the weather conditions are the easiest and one can use general bases. For several days, we have here very low barometer readings with a north-west wind and strong cold. Yesterday morning, we had 5°, this morning 8 1/2°. The snow here does not disappear as quick as in St. Louis and the people here have, therefore, le^ss mud in the winter,, Everything is correct with regard to the 18 Dollars, the payment was receipted. I hear from my brother every fourteen days. At the time he visited you or some time later, he suffered from a fever attack, but since then is again in good health. He writes that I should not stay longer here than March 1st, since he alone cannot manage the farm next spring. I am glad to hear that you are making such good progress in your work on the rushes. The sorting of these plants must be quite difficult and their examination requires great patience. Gray and I are very busy now sorting the plants of the Wilke's exploring expedition; that is for the distribution of duplicates; we shall have finished in a few days. Gray's gardener took a new position on the 1st of the month where he earns sixty Dollars more per month, and now the man working lere has to do the work in the greenhouses too. Gray won f t get his new gardener before the middle of March from New York. He hopes to fill my position with H©ra/(ce Mann jun. When I sent Prof. Henry my meteorological observations from Venezuela in June 1857 i I sent them together with the half-hourly barometer readings and stated my theory about the cause of the periodical differences of the barometer. Cambridge, Mass. February Vth, 1866. 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved ... In the report of the Smithsonian Institution of 1857 in which my observations and letters were published, this theory was left out, probably because Prof. Henry thought it too daring. Now, I find in one of the numbers (no. 114, p. 38O) of the Journal of Science and Art that a Mr. Chase from Philadelphia arrived at the same result after three years of continous hourly barometrical readings made by the request of Sabini during the years 1843-^5, and proves this with a large algebraic account. The same will probably happen to my theory about the warmth if I cannot publish it soon. Dr. Gray says I should write to Henry and ask him to return my manuscript m order to prove the priority of my theory. I find that during the last years opinions and theories were included in Sill iman . s j ournal which twelve yeaps agQ wouM have been cons . dered reliable. I am copying the names of my Venezuelan plants in your book and used my free Sunday hours. I found some gaps in the name of Wright's collection and started to fill them in; but found soon that those concerned only orchids and ferns. Your ferns were determined by Mettenias and the orchids names will probably on a separate list of yours so that it will not be necessary to copy those* Dr. Torrey is a very likeable man. I had talked with him several times; but since I did not know that had been in California, I did not speak of it with him. You will probably have received my letter of January 21st. Sincerely yours. A. Fendler ~*~&^?r ' jii^r^' |^ ^ ' ^^^^^ 1 2 3. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 cm copyright reserved Missouri Botanical Garden 1 2 3. . 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Missouri ... Botanical cm copyright reserved garden 1868, February kth Allenton, Mo, , TRANSLATION Allenton, February 1868. Dear Doctor, Enclosed are my results of the meteorological observations for January 1868. The barometer reading on the 31st was unusually high. My cousin suddenly showed up again yesterday afternoon in bad cloths and without a cent of money. He had worked for almost a month on a farm near Eureka where, as he says, instead of the promised wages, he received a thorough thrashing. The five Dollars I gave him, he spent on booze and furthermore, he swapped his good cloths and linen against bad rags. His mind is again slightly deranged. He offered to work for me for- his board and cloths, but I did not accept his offer. I don't know what he is going to do now. Sincerely yours A. Fendler I shouid sign my name as M. A. Fendler, since, unfortunately, my cousin^ name is also August Fendler. Missouri Botanical Garden George ehgelmahn Papers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Missouri . . a Botanical cm copyright reserved garden 1868, March 12th Allenton, Mo. TRANSLATION Allenton, March 12th 1868. Dear Doctor, Last night I received your kind letter of the 8th of this month. It seems from your letter that you have sold your house. The basement of Shaw's Museum building is rather damp if it is not heated, especially during the summer. However, I don't believe that your plants will suffer much if they don't stay there too long. Since March 1st we had 6.0k" of rain. I am surprised to hear that you have such an^enqrmous collection of rushes. With great pleasure should I like to help you d ^ibtffing them if I had not myself so much work to do. The day after tomorrow, I shall go to Franklin County to the auction to buy, if possible, another work horse, since you can't do much on a farm with on&y one horse. Also, I cannot stay away too long since I chased my cousin away, but he is still in the neighbourhood and could easily cause trouble in my absence. By the way, I would not mind working with you in Shaw's building. I intend to come to St. Louis during the course of next week and shall visit you then. Sincerely yours, A. Fendler ivoiwvi-Ofl mnoss/w 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved c*^yy s yu*J ~ ^^^y^^^y^i^^^ yy« *£~^ ^ yy^ yyy A^^y/j^ ^X~rj» . yA,/J /^y ^ AA^ v" i^^^r^y*-- - .-*^uy^p yy#~*^' , r^^-^y *&^*y' ^2^^^*-^^ ^i^ry*^ yus <*&&>^^ ^<^0^p*'*~- ^^c^lr^yf ^-/t^£>r^ ^V^y^L, GEORGE EHGELMAWt FAH9S copyright reserved j.wj.| oanuary doza Allenton, Mo . TRANSLATION Allenton, St. Louis Co., Mo. January 26th, 1871. Dear Doctor, Your delayed letter daused me to think that perhaps you had become ill and I am glad to hear that yew delay was just due to too much work. The connection between the greater and lesser number of sunspots and the changes of the magnetic declination has been shown very precisly by Loomis in the September issue of the Am. Journal. However, this has already been discovered and determined earlier by Sabine. Howdver, the conformity as shown by Loomis is so complete that I feel compelled to copy his diagram. That the influence of the sunspots also affects the atmospheric electricity, as discovered^^ Dr. ^Wislenus, is probably less known, even though Prof. Henry previously that the atmospheric electricity, similar to the earth magnetism, is exposed to general as Well as local disturbances and that the operation of them is of a cibsmic nature. I also found in the September issue an article by Newcomb, especially thk last pages of which are very remarkable. I found a Yucca in Venezuela rather frequently which Humboldt named Y. acaulis, the natives called it Magney de Cocny. Yucca alhoifola grows, according to Humboldt, in the north up to Florida and- South Carolina. W Ik M Since -fr b ottt two weeks, ray brother is suffering from a strange weakness of the eyes. During the day he can see quite well and can even read by the light of a lamp; however, as soon as during the evening a certain degree of dusk settles in, he can see almost nothing, as well as in the morning dawn until it reaches, a certain amount of light. By the light of a lantern he can't see anything in a distance. It seems that his eye nerves are only sufficient for a certain degree of light and if the light does not have this degree, it does not make any impression on his eye nerves. What kind of a diokness might this be and can something be done for it successfully? In any other way he seems to be in good health and has no pain in his eyes. Sincerely yours, A. Fendler lllllllllll ■J LJ L m J 1 cm 2 3. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 copyright reserved Missouri Botanical Garden yS r^- 1 cm 7 8 9 10 Missouri . „ . Botanical copyright reserved garden ^^y^^yW^ ^'vyy ^y ^y/ y/