PLANT INTRODUCTION: AVAILABLE DESIDERATA - ASIATIC THEACEOUS GORDONIEAR Genera - Camellia - Gordonia - Hartia - Laplacea ~- Pyrenaria - Schima - Tutcheria LASCA MISCELLANEA - 7 Prepared by: Austin Griffiths, Jr., and Clifford R. Parks Taxogeneticists, Camellia Research Advisory Committee, Research Division, Los Angeles State and County Arboretum January, 1964 CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION INSTRUCTIONS FOR SEED SHIPMENT ENUMERATION OF DESIDERATA WITHIN GEOPOLITICAL REGIONS Pages A through U ENUMERATION OF CHINESE AND JAPANESE CAMELLIA DESIDERATA Pages 1 through 2 ENUMERATION OF INDIVIDUAL CAMELLIA SPECIES DESIDERATA Pages 3 through 34 GENERAL INTRODUCTION The Camellia Research Advisory Committee and Los Angeles State and County Arboretum are jointly engaged in an extensive research program on Camellia and its allied genera. This project has a two- (1) to better understand the taxogenetics of Camellia fold purpose: and related Gordonieae; and (2) to provide horticultural improvement within the group through plant breeding. Approximately thirty of more than eighty species in the genus Camellia are presently available under cultivation in the United States and other Western areas. Of the fifty or so remaining species, many are critically important to explicit research objectives; and in addition, other collections from the wild of species already in culti- vation are highly desirable. In any such project, it becomes quite necessary to secure all species of interest that remain potentially available in foreign areas. The problem of introducing these species of interest is com- pounded, since many of them are indigenous to regions in which any reliable contact is extremely difficult to estakiish. This situation is typified by the relative inaccessibility of areas such as the Northeast Frontier of Assam, Upper Burma, northern Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and much of South Viet Nam. Beyond this, several highly critical species are recorded cnly from southwestern China and North Viet Nam, regions totally inaccessible by direct means. With few exceptions, species desiderata from these latter regions are not treated in the following pages; nor are those many remaining species treated that occur deep within the Chinese mainland and Hainan. It becomes difficult to accept, however, that reportedly yellow-flowered species such as Camellia flava and C. euphlebia and the purple-flowered Cc. amplexicaulis will continue to remain unavailable in Tonkin; surely, with their extreme horticultural importance there must be some way in which these can be secured indirectly. Some species known to occur in extreme southwestern Yunnan have been treated in following pages; it is probable that some of these are indigenous, as well, to near- contiguous areas of Burma, Thailand and Laos and might become avail- able through direct or indirect contact in those regions or from Yunnan itself. Finally, there is a group of Camellia species,* not treated in following pages, and related generic representatives indigenous to southern Kwangtung; perhaps indirect arrangements can be made for securing some of these desiderata through contacts in Hong Kong or Macao. It is evident through fitful and frustrating efforts to intro- duce these species desiderata in earlier years that significant success will only be achieved with systematic, concerted action main- tained over an extended period of time. The full cooperation and assistance of everyone in a position to augment this introduction pro- gram is earnestly solicited. Whatever materials may be introduced - and hopefully this may include at least some of the critical species - their availability to the research project underway at the Los Angeles State and County Arboretum will directly contribute to an advanced botanic understanding of the taxon and horticultural improvement beneficial to all camellians. *Camellia species indigenous to Kwangtung include: C. assimiloides; C. caudata; C. cordifolia; C. edithae!, Tai-mo-shan and Tung-koo-shan of Tapu District; C. euryoides; C. fluviatilis; C. furfuracea; C. granthamiana, probably; C. latipetiolata; C. melliana; C. nitidissima, possibly Tutcheria; C. parvilimba; C. semiserrata!, Kwong-ning Hsien - Sui-sing Ling, Lo-ting Hsien, Mow-ming Hsien, Tsing-yuen Hsien - Pah-kong, Wun-fou Hsien, Yeung- chun Hsien; C. sinensis f., macrophylla; C. sinensis f. parvifolia. INSTRUCTIONS FOR SEED SHIPMENT The only generally satisfactory means of pliant introduction fron abroad are through shipment of seed or cuttings. Success with small, rooted plants is possible only through special growing, packing and shipment techniques anc detailed beforehand arrangements; even then, successful introduction is infrecquent. Short pieces of current~year growth providing four- to eight~ inch cuttings may be shipped with reasonable expectations of survival, if properly packed and airmailed directly to destination. The best method of packaging cuttings for shipment is es follows: Unless leaves are quite small, reduce leaf surface by removing the terminal half cf each leaf; the basal stem of each cutting should them be wrapped with slightly-dampened paper, cotton or other mildly absorbent material; depending upon size and leafiness, from one to four of these cuttings can then be placed in a polyethylene-plastic bag, which has been first dampened inside but contains no or very little free water; the plastic bag must then be flattened reasonably and the air exhausted, and then the open-end of the bag is folded over and sealed with tape; this semi-flattened, sealed package is then placed between two thin sheets of stiff paper or very light cardboard and fastened within to assist in flattening the package; this is then pleced in a full-size (c. 9%"" long) correspondence envelope addressed to Dr. C. R. Parks, P. O. Box 688, Arcadia, California, and airmailed; it is best to place the return address and identification of contents only within the en- velope. When introducing species materials - in contradistinction from horticultural cultivars - and seed are or will become available, it is always best to use seed for this purpose. Seed of scme of the gor- donieceous genera do not remain viable for extended periods following harvest; this is particularly true of Camellia seed. Unless seed are stored at 40°F., viability decreases rapidly and germination falls off Significantly within a period of two to four weeks. Proper packaging prevents this loss of viability during ship- ment time. It is best to secure fresh seed, or even germinating seed; these are placed in a polyethylene-plastic bag, which has been damp- ened inside or contains a small wad of slightly-moistened absorbent material; the bag is then exhausted of air, sealed and mailed as noted above for cuttings. The above precautions for successful seed introduction are par- ticularly pointed to Camellia, and probably Pyrenaria. Seed of Gordonia, Hartia, Laplacea, Schima and Tutcheria are less subject to loss of viability and successfully germinate without special storage after several-week periods. Germination, however, even in these gen- era is improved when seed are fresh and shipped in polyethylene-plastic bags to prevent excessive moisture loss. ASSAM Camellia: refer to following pages detailing each species. caudata - page 4 kissi (c. drupifera) - page oe and Naga hills) kissi var. ~stenophy lla - page 1 lutescens - page 1 as oleifera var. confusa - page 24 IALAIAIAIA Gordonia excelsa - Khasia Hills Pyrenaria barringtoniaefolia - large shrub, flowers yellowish-white, relatively large; fairly common along evergreen-forest outskirts in all districts of Upper Assam. Pyrenaria diospyricarpa - small tree, flowers white; not common, Nambor and Doyang reserves, and Sibsagar. Schima khasiana (Ss. wallichii var. khasia na) - Khasia and Naga hills, and Manipur; L000 0-6500' elevation. Schima wallichii ~- fairly common in the drier and deciduous forests f all districts in Upper Assam. BHUTAN Camellia: refer to following pages detailing each species. C. caudata - page 4 C. kissi kissi (C. drupifera) - page 13 Gordonia excelsa Pyrenaria - probably some species of this genus occur in Bhutan. Schima khasiana (S. wallichii var. khasiana) Schima wallichii BURMA Camellia: refer to following pages detailing each species. C. caudata - page 4 C. kissi - page 13 (Mt. Victoria and Esakan) C. kissi var. Fo - page 13 C. lutescens - page 1 C. oleifera var. confusa - page 24 C. tsaii - page 32 C. wardii - page 34 Gordonia - probably some species of this genus occur in Burma. Pyrenaria attenuata - Tavoy Pyrenaria camelliaeflora - Pegu and Martaban Pyrenaria diospyricarpa Schima crenata (S. wallichii var. crenata) - Tenasserim Schima khasiana (S. wallichii var. khasiana) - Upper Burma Schima monticola (s. wallichii var. monticola) - Nattoung Hills of Martaban; this is one of two available large-flowered species, and it is important to secure S. monticola for this reason. Schima oblata (S. antherisosa; S. wallichii var. oblata) - Pegu, ‘Rangoon and Moulmein and Mergui; Tenasserim, Martaban to Penaz:g. Schima wallichii (S. mollis) - Upper Burma Anneslea fragrans ~ this is a promising theaceous ornamental from the Moulmein and Martaban areas of Burma; it should be worthy of introduction, although this genus does not fall within the par- ticular group of theaceous genera being svudied. CAMBODIA Camellia: refer to following pages detailing each species. C. dormoyana - page 7 C. kissi - page 13 Also - probably several other species! Gordonia - probably some species of this genus occur in Cambodia. Schima noronhae (S. wallichii var. noronhae) - Gamronytong Province, at Camchay and Phudenmong. CEYLON Camellia: refer to following page detailing the single species. C. lutescens - page 18 (In cultivation at the Tea Research Institute, St. Coombs, Talawakelle; it would also be worthwhile to check the collections of the Hakgala Botanic Gardens at Hakgala for plants of C. lutescens and C. rosaeflora.) Gordonia elliptica - forests of Central Province and Nuwara Eliya. Gordonia speciosa - uncommon in damp forests of Central Province along southwesterly aspects of ridge tops at 4000-5000! eleva-~ tion and higher, Bogawantalawa and Galleboda; red-flowered, handsome ornamental tree now becoming rare from forest clearing for tea and coffee plantations; probably in cultivation at the Ceylonese botanic gardens, Gampaha, Hakgala, Peradeniya. Gordonia zeylanica - southwesterly aspects of hill tops in the wet districts at 3000-4000' elevation. CHINA Camellia: refer to following page detailing the Chinese species. - forrestii - page 1 - henryana - page 1 mairei - page o 1 oleifera var. confusa - (extreme southwestern Yunnan) - pachyandra - page 1 - yunnanensis - page 1 LALQIAIAIQIQ Gordonia axillaris - southwestern China Gordonia chrysandra - Yunnan Gordonia sinensis - western Szechwan Gordonia yunnanensis - Yunnan Hartia - several species from Yunnan Pyrenaria camellioides - Yunnan Pyrenaria cheliensis - Yunnan Pyrenaria yunnanensis - Yunnan Schima forrestii (S. monticola; iL S. wallichii var. monticola) - arge-flowered; Yunnan, east of Tengchung (Tengyueh). Schima noronhae (S. superba; S. S. argentea; S. bambusifolia; S. confertiflora; S. mairei; and S. sinensis) - Yunnan wallichii var. noronhae; also er re Schima villosa (S. wallichii) - Yunnan Tutcheria greeniae - Kwangtung Tutcheria microcarpa - Kwangtung (Nakai lists this from Hong Kong tco) Tutcheria spectabilis - Kwangtung and Hong Kong FORMOSA - see TAIWAN INDIA - see ASSAM, BHUTAN, CEYLON, NEPAL, and SIKKIM refer to following page detailing the single species. lutescens - page 18 (Seed of this species has been secured from the Nonesuch Tea Garden, near Coonoor in south India; this garden includes an acre planting of tea and other material of age arranged systematically; it would be interesting to determine if other species of value are represented. ) Camellia: C. Gordonia obtusa - mountains of the Western Peninsula from Concan to the Pulney Hills. INDO=CHINA - see CAMBODIA, LAOS, SOUTH VIET NAM INDONESIA Camellia: refer to following page detailing the single species. C. lanceolata - page 15 Gordonia acuminata - Java Gordonia brevifolia - Borneo Gordonia densifolia - Sumatra Gordonia dipterosperma - East Indies Gordonia excelsa - Java, Amboina ne fe) Gordonia havilandii - Borneo Gordonia lanceifolia - Bor Gordonia marginate - Borneo (ateo known as Laplacea marginata) Gordonia obtusa - East Ind Gordonia ovalis - Sumatra Calin known as Laplacea ovalis) Gordonia rumphii - Moluccas, especially Amboina Laplacea buxifolia - Sumatra Laplacea marginata, ovalis - see under Gordonia Eaplacea sarasinii ~ Celebes Laplacea serrata - Java Laplacea subintegerrima - Sumatra Laplacea volcanica - Sumatra AF -rrenaria barringtoniaefolia - East Indies pyrenaria lanceolata - Java (Camellia lanceolata?) -yrenaria lasiocarpa - Java Pyrenaria masocarpa - Borneo Pyrenaria oidocarpa - Java ia parviflora - Borneo vr la serrata - Java Pyrenaria villosula - Sumatra a! oO i st) 8 y ® 5 rh Schima bancana (S. wallichii var. bancana) - Sumatra Schima crenata (Say wallichii var. crenata) - Borneo Schima noronhae (S. beccarii; S. rigida; s. sericea: S. wallishii var. noronhae) - Borneo and Java chima oblata (S. antherisosa; S.- sucinervia; &. wallichii var. ‘Oblata) - Sumatra JAPAN Camellia: refer to following pages detailing each species. C. haematodes - page Fi C. hiemalis - page 12 C. sasanqua ~- page 27 C. species "China" - page 2 C. vernalis - page 33 C. wabisuke - page 2 Schima boninensis (S. mertensiana; S. noronhae; S-. noronhae var. boninensis; S. wallichii var. mertensiana) - this is a large-flowered species that should oe secured; it is en- demic to Tsitsi-shima in the Bonin Islands, distantly south- east of Japan; the local native name is Hime-—tsubaki. LAOS Camellia: refer to following pages detailing each species. C. dormoyana - page 7 . furfuracea - page ay }- nn n L ~ page aE ica - page 16 fera - page 3 oleifera var. confusa - page 24 cxyanthera - page 25 species - page 28 Gordonia gigantiflora Hartia laotica Pyrenaria laotica Schima noronhae (S. wallichii var. noronhae) - Ubon near Kemmerath; Dang-rek, basin of the Se-moun. . 2 > ° ct IAHQLIAIAQIAIAIA 2) fod oO - Probably many other unreported species within the genera of interest occur in Laos. MALAYA Camellia: refer to following page detailing the single species. C. lanceolata - page 15 (North Borneo) Gordonia brevifolia - Borneo Gordonia concentricicatrix - yellowish fliowers; Malacca, Pahang, elangor, Perak. Gordonia excelsa - pink flowers, fragrant; Malacca, Singapore. Gordonia grandiflora - Borneo Gordonia grandis (G. singaporeana) - Singapore, Johore, Malacca, Perak, Penang. ordonia havilandii - Borneo Gordonia hirtella - small, cream flowers; Selangor (c. 3000'), Perak. Gordonia imbricata - low eed, Pahang and Perak (from 4000' up). Gordonia ae - Borne ia maingayi - Malacca wi Perak (ce. 1000') Gordonia multinervis - Singapore, Malacca and Perai Gordonia~ -penangensis :-i creah-white or yellow Pabseats? very rare near Singapore, but common in open forest on Penang Hill. Perak ordonia spectabilis - Penang Gordonia taipingensis - yellowish flowers, relatively large; Taiping Hillis of Perak. Laplacea amboinensis (Gordonia amboinensis) ? - site ? Laplacea aromatica - site ? Pyrenaria acuminata - common throughout peninsula. Pyrenaria kunstleri - Perak and Penang (to 4000') Pyrenaria masocarpa - Borneo Pyrenaria parviflora - Borneo Pyrenaria wrayi - Perak Schima brevifolia (S. wallichii var. brevifolia) - North Bornec Schima crenata (S. wallichii var. crenata) - North Borneo Schima noronhae ts, beccarii; S. sericea; Se wWaliichil var. noronhee ) - rneo persis | eh, aa noronhae var. rigida (S. monticola; S. wallichii var. montico! nm) ~ es cee ee ee ne ee ee ee oe large-flowered mountain species at 5500-5500" in the Gunong Tahen area of Pahang; it is important to secure this material Schima oblata (S. noronhae; S. wallichii var. oblat ta) - common above 260 oy aspuenaer-sanieeas ne ee ee ee ot particularly in Penang and Perak. Anneslea crassipes - this is a promising theaceous ornamental from Malacca, Pahang and Perak in open mountain woods from 30C0-7000'; it should be worthy of introduction, although only distantly re- lated to the group under study. Camellia: refer to following page detailing the single species. C. kissi - page 13 Schima wallichii Probably other theaceous species of interest occur in Nepal, NEW GUINEA Gordonia brassii Gordonia papuana Probably many other theaceous species of interest occur in this region. PHILIPPINES refer to following page detailing the single species. Ci lanceolata + page 15 (Best horticultural forms of this species come from the Philippines. ) Camellia: Gordonia acuminata - site ? Gordonia benguetica - Luzon Gordonia fragrans - Luzon Gordonia luzonica - Luzon Gordonia polisana - Luzon Gordonia sablayana - site ? Gordonia subclavata - Luzon Gordonia vidalii - site ? Gordonia welbornii - Negros Pyrenaria mindanaensis - Mindanao arensis; S. aliichii Schima pulgarensis (S. crenata var. pil var. pulgarensis; S. wallichii Spe enata vare nulgarensis) - shrub growing at 3500-h000* on the ridges at Mt. Pulgar, Puerto Princesa, Palawan. RYUKYU ISLANDS ‘amellia: refer to following pages detailing each species. C. lutchuensis - page 17 Cc. m miyagii - page C. sasanqua - page 27 (Perhaps only confused with C. miyagii, but it should occur in the Ryukyus.) Schima liukiuensis (S. ncronhae; S. superba; S- wallichii vo>. ~~ liukiuensis) - Amami, Okinawa and Yaeyama. Tutcheria virgata - common in the Auami, Okinawa and yeyama Island groups. SIKKIM Camellia: refer to following page detailing the single species. C. kissi - page 13 Also - probably other species occur in Sikkim. Schima wallichii Probably other theaceous species of interest occur in Sikkim. Page Labeled “S” missing from book at time of scanning. T. TAIWAN Camellia: refer to following pages detailing each species. brevistyla - page 3 caudata - page 4 nokoensis - page 22 tenuiflora - page 29 transarisanensis - page 30 transnokoensis - page 31 1?) ee lQQAQAAIAI Gordonia axillaris (G. shimadae) Schima wallichii ssp. noronhae var. superba (S. kankaoensis; i: Pz superba; S. superba var. karkacensis) - Nantou, Pintung and Taichung. Tutcheria shinkoensis - Taichung and Taipeh, in broadleaved forests of the northern and central parts of the island. Anneslea fragrans var. lanceolata - endemic to the southernmost part of the ee this is a promising theaceous ornamental and should be introduced, although it is but distantly related to the group under study. THAILAND Camellia: refer to following pages detailing each species. C. connata - page 5 C. oleifera var. confusa - page ak Also - probably some other species in Thailanc, aside from tea, C. sinensis, that have not been recorded yet from this region. Gordonia dalglieshiana - (probably other species too) Pyrenaria garrettiana Schima brevipes (S. wallichii var. oblata) - Payap, Surat, Puket, attani in northwestern Thailand. Schima noronhae (S. wallichii var. nororhae) - Udawn, Ubon, Chanta~ buri in eastern Thailand. Chinese species of Camellia There are several species of Camellia native to extreme western and southwestern Yunnan. Although these species have not been recorded from adjacent areas of Burma, Thailand and Laos, it is highly likely that their range actually extends over and into these border regions from the near-contiguous western and southwestern distribution recorded within Yunnan. Should these species remain unavailable from within Burma, Thailand and Laos, perhaps arrangements can be made by local botanists of these areas for securing these species through Prof. H.T. Tsai or other staff members of the Botanical Institute, Kunming, Yunnan. This indirect method of obtaining Chinese species should be successful with the necessary cooperation and assistance from botanists in Burma or Thailand. These species are: Camellia forrestii ~ (Camellia liuii, Camellia polygama, Thea as “Thea olygama) This species is wn to occur at least as far southwest in pes as the mountains west of Szemao. Camellia henryana - (Thea henryana) This species is known to occur at least as far southwest in Yunnan as the region between Szemao and Pohai. Camellia mairei - (Camellia lapidea, Thea mairei) This species is known to occur at least as far southwest in Yunnan as the mountains west of Szemao. Camellia pachyandra - (no synonyms) This species is known to occur at least as far southwest in Yunnan as Tsangyuan, almost on the Burma border. Camellia yunnanensis ~- (Thea yunnanensis) This species is know. to occur at least as far southwest in Yunnan as the Szemao, Chenkang and Tengchung areas. Camellia henryana and C. yunnanensis are the two species most vite? =n importance for introduction. These species would provide material of great value. Japanese species and cultivars of Camellia In or about 1941 a nursery catalogue of camellias was published by K. Wada, Hakoneya Nurseries, Numazu-shi, Japan, that contained several items of great interest for introduction. These desiderata are: Camellia haematodes - "New name given by me for identification to a distinct species, which I suppose to have come from China. The leaves are small, oblong, acute at both ends and more like C. sasanqua. The flowers are not large, 2 inches across, consisted of from 5-6 broad petals, which are intense blood premone much waxy and rather transparent...." Camellia haematodes flore pleno - "Large semi-double form of the above.eee" Camellia haematodes 'Himegozen' - ".... The flowers are intsnse transparent blood crimson fiiled to the brim with a disk of white petaloid anthers...." Camellia oleifolia - "Large white pink-flushed fragrant flowers in late autumn." The true C. oleifera has pure white flowers; it would be most inter- esting to know what this particular item may actually be. Note Camellia species "China" - "A distinct species with broad leaves showing strong reticulation like C. reticulata, white gardenia-shaped fragrant flowers in autumn."’ This description fits exactly that of the otherwise unavailable C. yunnanensis from China; it is of utmost importance that material | of | this speci species from Wada be secured and “introduced! Other camellia materials of interest listed in this catalogue that should be introduced include the following: Hatsu-kari (a variety of C. wabisuke yet to be introduced); Kamakura-shibori and Kyo-nishiki (varieties of C. vernalis yet to be introduced); Crimson King, Kara- goromo, Sandanka and Tachi-kan-tsubaki (varieties of C. heimalis yet to be introduced); and other winter-flowering varieties of what he lists as C. sasanqua, Date-nishiki, Shokko-nishiki, Shoku-no-nishiki, and Yamatoenishiki. .. Camellia brevistyla Also known as: Thea brevistyla Native to: Taiwan Remarks: This species has been collected in the provinces of Hualien and Nantou and on Mt. Alishan, Mt. Mukwashan and Mt. Teyuenshan; it occurs in mountainous areas at about 7000-8000 feet elevation. It is important that this species be secured! Camellia caudata Camellia buisanensis (Thea buisanensis) Camellia gracilis (Thea gracilis) Thea eaudata Also known as: Native to: Assam; Bhutan; Burma; China; North Viet Nam; South Viet Nam; Taiwan Collection sites of record for this species are as Remarks: Assam -— the follows for areas remaining available. Garo, Khasia, Lushai and Mishmi hills; Burma - Kachin Hills, Bhamo, and Kachin State at Hkinlum ard Watawu; South Viet Nam - at Bach-ma, near Hue; Taiwan - the rk Bankinsing Mts. and near Gukutsu in Kerenko Province. Camellia connata Also known as: Thea connata Native to: Remarks: eee erent art Thailand Collection sites of record for this species are as follows - Doi Sutep; Chiengmai; Me Rim, near Chieng~ mai; Doi Angka; Doi Pahem Pok, Muang Fang. This species apparently is restricted to extreme north- western Thailand. It is important that Cemellia connata be secured! This species is unique (together with C. lanceolata) taxonomically within the genus. Camellia corallina Also known as: Thea corallina Native to: South Viet Nam Remarks: This has been collected at Ba-na, near Tourane; it has also been collected at Bach Ma. It is most important that this species be secured! Camellia corallina is marked by the great abundance of coral-red flowers produced along its twigs. This species would be a most valuable introduction. Camellia dormoyana Also known Native to: Remarks: as: Stereocarpus dormoyana Thea dormoyana Cambodia; Laos; South Viet Nam Collection sites of record for this species are as follows. South Viet Nam: Cochinchina - Bien Hoa Province, at Tri Huyen and Dinh Quoen, and in the Da Bae Mountains on Phu Quoc Island; Annam - Haut Dounai Province, at Km. 88 Route Coloniale 20. It is most important that this species be secured! Camellia dormoyana is reported as a very ornamental small tree loaded with yellowish flowers in March end April. It is unique taxonomically within the genus. Camellia fleuryi Also known as: Thea fleuryi Native to: Remarks: South Viet Nam This species has been collected on the Hon-ba Massif in Nha Trang Province. It is most important that this species be secured! Camellia fleuryi has been reported as bearing yellow flowers; and as such, it is one of the two or three species with yellow or yellowish flowers that remain available (all the others are native to Tonkin in North Viet Nam and unavailable). Camellia furfuracee Also known as: Thea bolovensis Thea furfuracea Native to: China; Laos; North Viet Nam; South Viet Nam Remarks; This species has been collected in Laos from the Boloven Plateau, Bassac Province; and in South Viet Nam from Braian, near Djiring, Haut Dounai Province, It is important that this species be secured! Camellia furfuracea-represents a taxonomic section of particular interest within the genus. Camellia gaudichaudiz Also known as: Thea gaudichaudi. Native to: South Viet Nam; China (Hainan) Remarks: This species is known from South Viet Nam by a single collection made in Tourane. The one col- lection was of fruiting material and the corolla has not been recorded; the flower color probably is white, but it might be yellow. It is important that this species be secured! Camellia gaudichaudii has been placed within a section of the genus that is not at all well rep- resented in cultivation. Camellia gracilipes Also known as: no synonyms recorded Native to: North Viet Nam; South Viet Nam Remarks: This species has been repeatedly collected in the Tourane area of South Viet Nam. It is marked by its long-stalked flowers and fruit opening from the base. Camellia gracilipes is unique taxonomically within the genus. This would be an interesting species for introduction. 12. Camellia hiemajis Also known as: Often confused with or considered C. sasanqua Native to: Occurs as cultivated material in Japan Remarks: This species contains two varieties of importance that have not yet been introduced to western culti- vation. These varieties are available in Japan under the names Karagoromo and Sandanzaki. It at all possible, these two named varieties should be intreduced. In addition; other Japanese varieties attributed to this speeies include Meeto-zaki and Sandanka. It would be of interest to have these available also for study. Camellia kissi Also known as: Camellia caduca Camellia iniguicarpa (Thea iniquicarpa) Camellia keina Thea bachmaensis Thea brachystemon Native to: Assam; Bhutan; Burma; Cambodia; China; Laos; Nepal; Sikkim; South Viet Nam Remarks: This species has been introduced to western cultivation within quite recent years; this particular introduction originated from Nepal. It would be interesting to se- cure this species from other available areas within its distribution range to sample variation. Camellia kissi var. stenophylla Also known as: Camellia stenophylla Native to: Assam; Burma; China Remarks: This botanical variety has been collected in the Garo Hills of Assam and in Upper Burma at. Tamu and in the Nmaihka Valley. 14. Camellia krempfii Also known as: Thea krempfii Native to: South Viet Nam This species is known from a single collection at Remarks: Nha Trang. It is most important that this species be secured! Camellia krempfii is inadequately understood be- cause of its single collection; but this species is considered the most primitive within the genus. It is marked by its extremely large leaves; otherwise it closely approaches Camellia flava from North Viet The color of its flowers is reported questionab, Nam. as white, but it may in fact be yellow. Nha Trang should be readily accessible; it is locates along the coast about 185 miles northeast of Saigon. The problem would be in locating plants of this species within the Nha Trang area. Camellia lanceolata Also known as: Calpandria lanceolata Camellia megacarpa (Thea megacarpa) montana) Camellia montana (Thea Thea lanceolata Indonesia (Celebes, Java, Sumatra); North Borneo; Native to: Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Palawan, Panay, Polillo). Remarks: Material of this species from the Philippines is superior horticulturally to that from Indonesia. Philippine plants often produce flowers containing six to nine petals (vs four petals). It would be best to secure this species from several areas in its range to sample the wide variation it displays. Camellia laotica Also known as: Thea laotica Native to: Laos Remarks: This species has been collected in Savannakhet Province between Lao Bao and Muong Nong and be- tween Langaxinh-xane and L. Xoan. i7s Camellia lutchuensis Also known as: Thea lutchuensis Leann cere cee tt Ra Theopsis lutchuensis AAAI EEC Native to: Ryukyu Islands Remarks: This species occurs in woodland and is common from sea level to about 1500 feet elevation throughout at least parts of the entire island chain; it has been collected on Okinawa Island in the Central Ryukyu area, and is probably present elsewhere throughout the group. The single introduction in western cultivation originated from Okinawa; it would be good to secure this species from other areas within the Ryukyu Islands as well. Collections from the southern range of these islands, such as Iriomote, might show some variation of interest. Camellia lutescens Also known as: Thea lutescens Native to: Remarks: Assam; Burma; Ceylon (cultivation) This species has been collected from Liam-planj-thaya in the Mishmi Hills, on the summit of Bapu and from the Dupla Hills in Assam; it has also been collected from the Kachin Hills of Upper Burma. It is reported as growing under cultivation in the Nonesuch Tea Gar- den, near Coonoor in south India; and seeds from this source were introduced at the Tea Research Institute, St. Coombs, Talawakelle, Ceylon. 19. Camellia miyagii Also known as: Thea miyagii Native to: Remarks: Ryukyu Islands This species has been recorded in collections from Okinawa Island only in the Ryukyu Islands; it is quite likely, however, that it occurs on other islands among this extensive group. It would be interesting to secure material from non-Okinawan collections to study variation within the species. Camellia miyagii has also been reported as occur- ring on Kume Shima and Amami Oshima. Particular effort should be made to secure it from Amami Oshima, as the intermediate position of this island might provide material of critical interest. Camellia nematodea Also known as: Thea nematodea Native to: South Viet Nam Remarks: This species has been collected in Annam, 25 km. from Nha Trang along the road to Ninh-hoa. It produces reportedly fragrant flowers and occurs in an area of ready accessibility. 21. Camellia nervosa Also known as: Thea nervosa Native to: South Viet Nam Remarks: This species has been collected on a single occasion in forest at 5000 feet elevation on the Braian Massif, near Djiring, Haut Dounai Province. Camellia nokoensis Also known as: Thea nokoensis Theopsis nokoensis Native to: Taiwan Remarks: This species is reported as known only from Mt. Nengkaoshan, Nantou, and Hengchun; it has aiso been noted, however, as collected in Taichung. Camellia oleifera Also known as: Camellia biflora Camellia drupifera Camellia oleosa Thea biflora Thea oleifera Thea oleosa and other names Native to: China; Laos; North Viet Nam; South Viet Nam Remarks: All introductions of this species into western cultivation have been from Chinese sources. It would be of interest to secure material of this species from other areas of its natural range, such as Laos and South Viet Nam. Collections of this species have been made in Laos at the following sites - Boloven Plateau, Bassac Province; Tam-la, Tranninh Province. Col- lections have been made in South Viet Nam at the following sites - Col des Nuages, near Tourane; Sedom River, Cochinchina; Mekong, Hue, Cochin- china; Nui-chua Shan, Bien-hoa Province, Cochinchina,. This material from southern South Viet Nam (Cochinchina) is marked by its atypical foliage. Another consideration in surveying wild material of this species is the vossibility of locating pink-flowered forms; all wild collections are noted as white-flowered, but pink flowers have been observed rarely in cultivation. a4. Camellia oleifera var. confusa Also known as: Camellia confusa Thea confusa Native to: Assam; Burma; China (extreme-southwestern Yunnan) ; Laos; Thailand Remarks: This botanical variety may be distinguished from the type C. oleifera by its larger leaves, 8-12 cm long and 3-5 cm wide (vs 4-7% cm long and 2-3) cm wide). It would be good to have this variety represented in western cultivation to study its variation. This botanical variety has been collected in the following reported sites among those areas remaining available. Assam - Kujoo, in Upper Assam; Mattuck country to- wards Tengrae and about 270 miles south of Sadiya. Burma ~- Thaton District, Dawna Range, Paingkyu to Tale. China - possibly available across the Burma border from known stations along the extreme edges of south- western Yunnan, such as Cheli and Lantsang. Laos - Pu Muten, Chiengkwang (spelling?). Thailand - Doi Sutep, Chiengmai; Doi Angka. Camellia oxyanthera Also known as: Thea oxyanthera Native to: Laos Remarks: This species has beer. collected on a single occasion in forest at 2300 feet elevation on the Boloven Plateau, between Mong Bok Kao and Phong Thami, Bassac Province. This species is based upon inadequate ma- terial; it may prove to be a Gordonia. 26. Camellia piguetiana Also known as: Piquetia piguetiana Native to: Remarks: Thea piquetiana South Viet Nam This species is restricted to Cochinchina; its collection sites of record are as follows - Bien Hoa Province, near Chao Xhan, and headwaters of the River Dongnai. It is most important that this species be This species is unique taxonomically It is marked by the largest secured! within the genus. leaves within the genus and stalked purple flowers. Camellia piquetiana would be a very valuable introduction. 27 Camellia sasanqua Also known as: Thea sasanqua Native to: Remarks: Japan (Kyushu, Shikoku); Ryukyu Isiands Truly wild forms of this species are not at all well represented in western cultivation. It would be of real value and interest to secure Camellia sasangua from Kyushu, Shikoku and the Ryukyu Islands in its wild forms. According to reports in the literature, this species exhibits only pure white flowers in its truly wild form. It would be interesting to have some of these wild populations surveyed for the occurrence of wild plants with pink or red flowers and have these introduced alons, wita the white forms. fe] rd ae Camellia species Sah RN Also known as: Thea laotica incorrectly Native to: Laos Remarks: This species was collected on a single occasion between L. Su'ng and L. Loi in Saravane Province. At one time it was believed synonymous with Thea laotica or Camellia laotica; however, it has been determined to represent a new species as yet in- completely described. 29°. Camellia tenuiflora Also known as: Camellia gnaphalocarpa Native to: Remarks: Thea gnaphalocarpa Thea tenuiflora Taiwan This species occurs in the northern and central parts of the island; it has been collected in the provinces of Hsinchu, Taichung and Taipeh. The single introduction of this species to western cultivation originated from Taipeh; it is important to secure the species from other areas of its range to sample variation. Camellia transarisarnensis Also known as: Camellia parvifolia Thea parvifolia Thea transarisanensis Theopsis transarisanensis Native to: Taiwan Remarks: This species has been collected in the provinces of Chiayi, Hsinchu and Taichung and on Mé. Alishan and Mt. Anmashan; it occurs through the central mountains of the island. Camellia transnokoensis Also known as: Thea transnokoensis Theopsis transnokoensis Native to: Taiwan Remarks: This species has been collected in the provinces of Hsinchu and Nantou and on Mt. Nengkaoshan; it occurs through the central mountains of the island. This species is represented in western cultiva- tion from a single introduction; and it displays considerable virus variegation in all propagations. It would be advisable to secure other introductions of this species direct from Taiwan. 32. Camellia tsaii Also known as: Thea tsaii Native to: Burma; China; North Viet Nam Remarks: This species has been collected within Burma from the Bhamo District, between Sinlumkaba and Lapyeka, and the Wa States, at Minekhaywa. Although this species is represented within cul- tivation, all stock relates back to a single intro- duction from China. It would be good to secure material from other available areas to sample var- iation. Camellia vernalis Also known as: Thea sasanqua var. vernelis; often confused Native to: Remarks: with or considered C. sasanqua Occurs as cultivated material in Jepan This species contains three varieties of impor- tance that have not yet been introduced to western cultivation. These varieties are available in Japan under the names Kamakura, Kamakura-shibori and Kyo-nishiki. If at all possible, these thre named varieties shoyld be introduced, 34. Camellia wardii Also known as: no synonyms recorded Native to: Burma; China (Yunnan) This species has been collected in Upper Burma Remarks : at Pyepat and between Sadon and the Yunnan bor- der at Changtifang and Kambaiti.