Missouri Botanical Garden

PETER H. RAVEN LIBRARY

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THE GA R TURNERS' CHRONICLE.

[September i, 1877.

sive term. Most of the beds and borders are freely
relieved by raised, well-marked divisional lines and
sloping mounds, on the top of which are planted
small Dracaenas, Chamsepeuce, Agaves, and Pachy-
phytums. Mentha pulegium gibraltarica plays a
conspicuous part as a green ground, varied with
green and glaucous Sedums ; yellow ground colours
are represented by Mesembryanthemum cordifolium
variegatum, Pyrethrum, and the cream of white
Sedums, S. acre elegans. All violent contrasts are
avoided ; the Alternantheras and Coleus are gradually
toned down to the more subdued and grave ground
colours, these latter much predominating, and until
seen it would be difficult to realise the beautiful
effect produced by the association of some of these
plants with soft and subdued colours. Noticeable in
this way we may mention Sempervivum calcareum,
used as a setting in the dividing lines of Sedum
glaucum, where the slightly bronzy tinge of
the points of the leaves produce a beautiful
effect by contrast with the metallic-hued cushion
in which it is half embedded. Nertera de-
pressa, which some people find difficult to manage, is
very much finer here this season than it has ever been
before, the berries on many of the little patches not
only being as close as they can stand but almost piled
on each other. The circular beds filled with large-
leaved plants are in good order without being too
coarse and rampant to harmonise with the rest ; and
the condition of the whole bears the stamp of careful
and patient study, not only in the conception and
working out of the different designs but also an inti-
mate acquaintance with the nature, requirements,
and capabilities of the various plants used. All who
are interested in this style of bedding should pay a
visit to Cleveland House at once, as we understand
Mr. Legg has resigned his charge of the gardens
here, and leaves at the end of the season.

■ The Corporation of Bolton are about to make

a new cemetery, and offered two premiums of £^o
and ,£15 for the best plans for laying-out the same.
Thirteen plans were sent in, and the prizes were event-
ually awarded to Mr. R. K. Freeman., Architect,
Bolton, and Mr. Alfred Caldwell, Knutsford,
first, and Mr. John .SLhaw, of Bowden and Man-
chester, second.

We have received from Mr. J. Hart, King’s

House, Jamaica, a couple of Pine-apples, there known
as “ Ripleys,” or white and black Ripleys. They are
said to be the Pines of Jamaica, all the other varieties
being banished from the table in their favour ; and
are moreover stated to have been raised from seeds
sent to Jamaica from the Island of Antigua. Con-
sidering that they were cut before they were quite
ripe, to facilitate travelling, they proved to be uncom-
monly good as compared with the usual run of
imported fruits, but as to their identification we can
do nothing more than suggest that the sort calkd
Black Ripley may probably be the Black Antigua,
but, in the absence of foliage, we are unable to say
with any degree of certainty. The White Ripley
comes nearer to the description of the old Ripley (not
Ripley Queen), but here also we are uncertain.

The inhabitants of Richmond and Kew

remind us of Oliver Twist. They are among the
most favoured of suburbans — they have a noble park,
a terrace, an unequalled river walk, kept up at the
Government expense, and now they want more. They
are clamouring for the Earlier Opening of Kew
Gardens, and for the removal of what is, no doub f ,
an eye- sore to neighbouring householders. We pre-
sume the opening ot the gardens at an . earlier hour is
chiefly a matter of expense— more police would be
wanted. But this is a matter for the Treasury. In
any case, we think the authorities would be wise to
accede to the request for an earlier opening of the
gardens, at least in the summer months. In the case
of the houses, a difficulty exists from the hindrance
to the necessary work which the presence of the
public entails. In all such questions it must not
be overlooked that the primary" object of Kew is
not to supply a recreation ground for local nursemaids
or Cockney excursionists. The primary aim of Kew
is, and should always be, the advancement of botany
and scientific horticulture at home and in the colonies.
In the other parks and recreation- grounds of the
metropolis the object is altogetherdifferent. Still if
consistently with the special purpose of the institutions

in question other objects can be carried out, by all
means let them be.

- — Two very fine examples of Lapageria alba
growing in pots can now be seen in bloom in the
stove-house at Bearwood, Wokingham, the residence
of John Walter, Esq., M.P. Not only are these
plants flowering freely, but they bear as many as five
blooms in a cluster, and it is almost needless to state
the plants are found of great value for cutting from.
In the same house Tacsonia exoniensis is remaikably
fine, growing and blooming with wonderful freedom.
It is a prime favourite with Mr. Tegg, the gardener
at Bearwood, who praises it highly.

Perhaps it is because the cool moist summer

suited the plants best that Phlox Drummondii has
proved very fine this season. At Cardiff Castle one
of the exterior Vine borders was planted with a
quantity of mixed varieties of the large flowering
forms known as grandiflora, which are great improve-
ments on the smaller types of a few years ago. The
soil was good, the flowers were large, numerous, and
finely coloured-. If the Phlox has a drawback, it is
the freedom with which it seeds, but it is not a diffi-
cult matter to keep them gathered, so that the energies
of the plants may be directed to the production of
flowers.

The Police Station in New Street, Basing-
stoke, cannot be, in any sense of the word, a “terror
to evil-doers” as far as its exterior aspect is concerned.
Unlike many modern constructions, which are of a
cold, formal, and somewhat repellent character, this
is in appearance a floral palace, for it is covered with
a rare growth of creepers such as Jasmine, Glycine,
Virginian Creeper, Roses, and such-like, and on the
window-sills, hanging against the walls and crowded
on raised stands, are numbers of bright flowering
plants, all well cared for and singularly effective. It
represents a bright and attractive spot in the midst of
this respectable Hampshire town.

From the Botanische Zeitung we extract the

summary of an “inaugural dissertation ” by Fit.
Resa, on the Period of Root Formation. It
is in the author’s own word?. Three kinds of roots,
connected by transitional stages, may be distinguished
— extension roots, by which the root system is en-
larged ; and absorbing roots, consisting of much-
branched fibrous roots, and sometimes of secondary
rootlets, increasing the surface of the latter. A
periodical dying off ot roots was only observed in
^Esculus. In the growth of roots there is a certain
fixed and specific period, influenced by the weather, but
it never coincides with the growth of the parts above-
ground ; on the contrary, a division of labour is always
perceptible. In the flat-leaved plants investigated it was
found that there was root-growth in autumn after
growth above-ground had ceased, which is completed
sooner or . later according to circumstances. The
winter has only a retarding influence on root-growth,
and does not terminate it. Needle-leaved plants
(Coniferoe) stand so far in contrast to the flat-leaved
plants, that the autumn and spring shoots are sepa-
rated by the winter. Respecting the beginning and
continuation of the course of the period of develop-
ment, the influence of favourable and unfavourable
weather has already been sufficiently dwelt upon.
But just as a seed, a bulb, or a bud will not develope
“before its time has come,” and often cannot be
made to grow at all, so we must regard the period
of the root-formation of plants as a hereditary pro-
perty. The question as to the place where the new
fibrous roots originate may be answered in this way,
that in general the roots of the highest order have the
preference, without, however, excluding those of older
orders from being able to produce new rootlets.

The prevailing depression in trade is being

felt among the woollen manufactories and other de-
partments of business at Trowbridge, consequently on
the occasion of the annual exhibition of the Trow-
bridge Horticultural Society the streets were not so
generally decorated as is usually the case. It was felt
to be a decided loss, as the country people, who are
great sightseers, are as much attracted by the town
j decorations as by the flower show and the fireworks,
j But there were two notable exceptions to the general
j falling off in street decorations one the remarkable

Gothic archway erected by Messrs. Haden Bros.,
engineers, Silver Street. This was an imposing and
admirably constructed piece of decoration, graceful in
outline and well-proportioned. Alight but sufficiently
strong framework of wood spanned the roadway, and
there were smaller arches on the pavement on either
side. The framework was covered with evergreens,
and over the smaller arches were, on the one side,
a triangular shaped shield edged with flowers, with
“Welcome to all,” and on the other, “Good
night.” The royal monogram, in floral letters,
came out conspicuously against the dark green
background. Flags tastefully arranged in groups,
and placed at intervals round the arch, gave a
life and colour to the structure and above the crown,
at the top, rising some 40 feet above the roadway,
waved the British ensign. At night the structure
was lit up with unusual brilliancy, by means of
1400 gas jets, distributed over the surface. It
was the general opinion that such an arch has never
before been witnessed in the West of England, and
its erection must have entailed a large expenditure of
time and money. The other exception was the
Great Western Railway Station, which is always
dressed out with excellent taste and skilful decorative
effect by the station master, Mr. J. A. Cox, who
was on this occasion even more successful than usual
Huge Spruce Firs were planted at intervals on the
spacious up -platform, and the topmost boughs of these
were thickly hung with mimic banner?. Wreaths of
evergreens were suspended in all directions, and flags
hung [out bravely in the breeze. The notice board
containing the name of the station had the sensible
motto, “Be merry and wise.” Mr. Cox, who is a
hard working member of the committee of the flower
show, deserves much praise for the admirable display.
We are indebted to the Trowbridge Advertiser for
some of the foregoing particulars ; and the report of
the show given by this paper was as accurate as it was
comprehensive — a marked contrast to many local
performances of a similar character.

At a late meeting of the Horticultural Society

of Berlin, one of the members described and recom-
mended the Cultivation of Rhubarb for eating.
Although in Hamburgh it is largely grown and con-
sumed, at Berlin it is only known to a few amateurs,
and few even of those who have a chance of trying it
are able to overcome their prejudice against the name,
and housekeepers declare that it consumes too much
sugar. However, two or three of the members of the
Society who have grown it for some years, and are
able to appreciate the real merits of some of the first-
rate varieties, are now endeavouring to promote the
cultivation of Rhubarb. In the discussion that fol-
lowed nobody appeared to be aware of the large
extent to which Rhubarb is forced in this country,
and of its value as a cheap substitute for expensive
fruits during the winter months. Rhubarb jam is to
be had in Berlin, but there exists, as was long the case
here, a strong prejudice against it simply on account
of its name, which the people associate with the
drug obtained from the root-stock.

One of the leading horticultural societies in

the south-west has among its rules and regulations one
* to the effect that any exhibitor dissatisfied with the
judgment in any class in which he exhibits may
enter a protest against the awards, provided such pro-
test be famished in writing to the committee before
4 o’clock in the afternoon of the show day. This
an unusual rule, and scarcely to be commended ; and
it also leads to awkward results, as was seen at a
recent exhibition. Two of the judges made their
awards in a certain class for plants, and the exhibitor
awarded the 2d prize sent in a protest as provided by
the regulations. Two other judges were requested to
express their opinion, and they unanimously declared
in favour of the 2d prize collection as the best of the
two. The result was that both collections were placed
equal 1st. But what an unenviable position for the
judges who made the first award !— for the modification
of their decision practically amounted to an expression
of their unfitness to fill the office to which they had
been appointed. The committee may reasonably
anticipate a considerable addition to the number of
prbtests from disappointed exhibitors at their next
show. Perhaps it would be as well if the judges,
appointed for next year were to subject themselves to
a competitive examination at the hands of the exhi-
bitors before undertaking the office.

BOTAN ICAL

cm copyright reserved garden

September i, 1877.]

THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.

273

A strong reason for this opinion is in our
judgment afforded by the fact seen this year for
the first time, and now for the first time made
public, of the existence not only of one bunch
but of three, one of which is almost a Champion
if not quite, the one above it, midway between
the Champion and Trebbiano, and the third
almost entirely Trebbiano. These intermediate
bunches are to our minds most significant,
and, if the history of the Champion were not
known, would raise the question whether it had
not originated as a sport in the first instance.
But the Champion is stated by Mr, Thomson

again is of composite origin ; so that some
settling down or filtration of the constituent
elements should occur is not only what we
might expect, but what we know does happen
in other cases.

There is another explanation, but it is so im-
probable that we merely mention it. In some
few cases pollen-hybridisation has been known
to affect, not merely the seedling plants, but
also the fruit of the parent plant. Such cases
have been recorded, but they must naturally be
received with hesitation. But, assuming the
possibility of such an occurrence, it might be

seen is especially rich in good specimens of Catdeyas,
Dendrobes, Phalsenopsis, Ly castes, Aerides, Odonto-
glots, &c. Oar illustration was prepared from a
beautiful photograph by the London Stereoscopic and
Photographic Company.

Flower Gardening at Cleveland

House, Clapham Park, has now for several
years past been remarkably well done, and many
who have seen it expressed their conviction that
there was room for little or no further improvement.
That such opinions were incorrect is fully proved
by the beautiful arrangements which Mr. Legg
has this season mad?. We have heard it said of

Fig. 57.— view in mr. hepburn’s orchid house.

to have been raised as a cross between Mill
Hill Hamburgh and Bowood Muscat. A sport
or bud- variation is very frequently brought
about by- a separation of heretofore mixed
elements, or by the sudden reappearance of the
characteristics of a former generation. The
offspring of hybrid parentage often manifest in
this manner their paternal and maternal charac-
teristics in different plants. Bud-variation may
be due to a similar disentangling of previously
mingled elements, or it may constitute an en-
tirely new combination — a fresh departure. The
Culford Vine, according to the history given of
it, must have, or have had comparatively
recently, a mixture of elements derived from
five or six sources ; each of those sources

that the pollen rom the Golden Champion,
transferred by bees of otherwise to the flowers
of the closely adjacent Trebbiano, had caused
the alteration in the berries of the latter. We
know at once too much and too little of plant
organisation to doubt the possibility of such
occurrences, which must, like the Culford sports,
be inquired into by the usual rules of scientific
testimony.

In cur last issue we gave an illustration of a
magnificent specimen of Dendrobium Wardianum in
the collection belonging to J. G. Hepburn, Esq.,
Sid cup Place, Kent, and have now the pleasure of
placing before our readers a view in another of Mr.
Hepburn’s Orchid-houses (fig. 57), which it will be

the decorative gardening, known as carpet bedding
that even when well done it admitted of so little
variation that it was almost like ringing the changes
on a peal of bells, which, to those not initiated in the
performance, has much of a sameness about it. Yet
so far is this from being the case that the plants that
can be used in this description of gardening are suffi-
ciently distinct in form, and possess such a variety of
hues and shades as to admit of the most artistic and
pleasing combinations of colour it is possible to con-
ceive, and are the same time devoid of the too
flat, even surface which conveys an idea that the
object in view had been to pinch and distort every
plant employed so as to destroy its individual character.
“Carpet bedding” is no longer applicable to the
greater portion of Mr. Legg’s work this summer ;
“embossed bedding” would be a more expres-

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