Missouri Botanical Garden

PETER H. RAVEN LIBRARY

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August 4 , 1883 .]

THE

GARDENERS' CHRONICLE . ... A3ir

lAjfiD e y

CABBAGE

FOR PRESENT SOWING

SUTTONS’

MPERIAL.

shaped,
of mild flavour.

Is. per ounce.

ENFIELD MARKET, 6<£ per ounce.
SUTTONS' IMPROVED NONPAREIL, ga*. per ounce.
IMPROVED EARLY DWARF YORK, Sd. per ounce.

LARGE BLOOD-RED, g d. per ounce.

Vegetable Seeds Post-free (except Peas and Beans) ; all goods
value 20 s. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England or

SUTTON & SONS,

THE QUEEN’S SEEDSMEN, READING.

SEEDS,

VEGETABLE, FLOWER
FARM,

The BEST procurable,
at the Lowest Prices consistent with
GENUINENESS.

ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTIVE LIST on application.

RICHARD SMITH & CO.,

WORCESTER.

DUTCH

BULBS.

ANT. ROOZEN & SON,
Nurserymen, Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland,

Have pleasure in informing their numerous friends that their
Crop of Bulbs is unusually fine this year, and they respectfully
request that all Orders be sent them as early as possible. Their
full and Descriptive CATALOGUE for 1883 will be sent, post-
free, on application to their Agents,

Messrs. MERTENSandCO., 5, Billiter Square, London, E.C.

AM ERICAN SEE DS.

Postage on a Letter of Inquiry will secure
you by return Mail our PRICES — Wholesale
or Retail.

SEEDS of MAIZE for Field or Garden,
PEAS, BEANS, CUCUMBERS,
PUMPKINS, SQUASH, CANTALOUPES,
WATER MELONS, TOMATOS, OKRA or
GUMBO, COTTON SEED, TOBACCO,
OSAGE ORANGE or MACLURA, TREE
SEEDS, AMERICAN GARDEN TOOLS,
‘BOOKS, &c.

All offered by the ' oldest and ever the most
extensive Seed Farmers in America.

Founded in 1784.

ADDRESS

LANDRETH & SONS,
PHILADELPHIA.

ROSES IN POTS,

All the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18 s. to 36^. per dozen.

These World-famed BOSES cannot fail to
give the greatest satisfaction.

WEBBS' EMPEROR

CABBAGE.

The Best Cabbage in Cultivation.

^ 6d. and Is. per Packet, 2s. per Ounce. ^

Mr. J. Muir, in the “ Journal of Horti-
culture,” of May 24, 1883, says
“Our largest piece of Spring Cabbage
measures 70 feet x 50 feet, and here
we have many sorts growing. The
best of all these at the present time is
WEBBS* EMPEROR.”

Per Ounce, Post-free.

EARLY NONPAREIL CABBAGE .. 8d.
ENFIELD MARKET do. .. 8d.
EARLY RAINHAM do. .. 9d.
EARLY DWARF YORK do. . . 6d.

RED DUTCH do. 6d. pkt. is.

ONION. Packet. Ounce.

WEBBS’ NEW RED GLOBE TRIPOLI, 6d. Is.
WEBBS’ WHITE ITALIAN TRIPOLI, 6d. 9d.

LARGE FLAT RED TRIPOLI . . 6d. 9d.

GIANT ROCCA 6d. Is.

WHITE LISBON 6d.

WHITE SPANISH, or READING . . 6d.

All Garden Seeds Free by Post or Rail.

webbITsons,

THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN,

W0RD8LEY, STOURBRIDGE.

BULB SEASON, 1883.

Write for PRICE LIST to THE CITY FLOWER, SEED,
and BULB DEPOT, 162, Fcnchurch Street, and 80, St. Paul’s
Churchyard, London, E.C.

H yacinths. — hyacinths. — in

harvesting our Hyacinths some time ago we were
astonished to see the bulbs looking so grand and healthy this
season. We really do not think we have had such a "fine crop
the last four years. Therefore we recommend our Customers
to order at once to secure the very best stuff. Special offers for

SEGERS and CO , Bulb Growers, Lisse, near Haarlem,
Holland.

DANIELS’

WHITE ELEPHANT TRIPOLI.

The largest White Onion known. Grows 2 ft. in circumference.
Seed, with complete Cultural Directions,
if. 6d. per packet, post-free.

Daniels Bros. ( Importers and ), Norwich.

FERNS A SPE CIALITY.

EXOTIC and BRITISH PERNS
and SELAGINELLAS,

Suitable for STOVE and GREENHOUSE Cultivation, for
OUTDOOR FERN] ““ ' ' ‘ '

number and variety.

darters’

SATURDAY, AUGUST 4*1883.

THE FRUIT CROP OF 1883.

T HE returns from all parts of the United King
dom sent us by trustworthy reporters, to
whom we are greatly indebted, enable our readerr,
as it has enabled us, to get a bird’s-eye view of
the general condition of fruit production for the
present year. One of the most remarkable
features of these returns is found in their singu-
lar unanimity with respect to various fruits, for
north and south, east and west alike, have to
deplore on the one hand the almost total failure
of some, and the same fruits, whilst they equally
have to rejoice over the abundance of others.
If we regard the intrinsic value of the various
kinds, however, to a great fruit-consuming
people, we shall find that the large crops of
certain fruits far more than counterbalance
those which have failed — as for instance, if
Apricots are few, Peaches seem to be fairly
abundant; and while Plums and Pears are
scarce, the enormous crops of Apples — par ex-
cellence , the fruit of the nation — and of bush
fruits, and wholesome Strawberries, far more
than outweigh the former’s shortcomings.
Indeed, were all other fruits as thin as some
are, yet would the splendid Apple crop, the very
best without doubt, because so universally good,
that we have had for ten years or more, suffice to
mark 1883 as a red-letter year in the diaries o
fruit growers.

We have remarked upon the unanimity shown
in the fruit returns, and our readers have but to
note those sent us either from the chilly land
beyond the Tweed, or the drippy Emerald Isle,
to find how closely they tally with reports sent
in even from our southern and midland districts
where the climatic conditions are so much more
favourable to fruit production.

Whilst it will be generally admitted that the
previous autumn seems to have been favourable
to the ripening and maturation of fruit producing
wood, the very indifferent results that have
followed upon the fine bloom which garlanded
Pears, Plums, and sweet Chenies, must be
attributed to purely climatic causes, that if not
perennial are at least far too common ; whilst
to the absence of these adverse conditions later
in the spring do we owe that magnificent crop
of Apples we now rejoice in. It seems idle to
speculate on what might have been, but there
can be little doubt that had the early spring
been favourable throughout we should now have
to be commenting upon and lauding one of the
finest fruit crops seen within the memory of
man. However, we have this consolation, that
just as “ he that fights and runs away may
live to fight another day,” so shall our now too
barren Plum, Pear, and other fruit trees live to
bear us good crops perhaps next year, when
Apples at least can hardly be as good as they
now are.

Summing up in a few words the general con-

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134

THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE.

[August 4, 1883.

favoured gardens there are fair crops, but gene-
rally the crop is poor, and may be classed as
very moderate.

Plums universally are thin, the best results
being seen on walls ; but on orchard trees the
produce is a very poor one, even Damsons
being a failure.

Cherries of all sweet kinds are few indeed,
and apparently better in Scotland than else-
where ; but the returns probably chiefly apply
to Morellos, which are fairly good, as usual.

Apricots are a universal failure, and need no
farther comment.

Peaches and Nectarines are very fair
generally, tjiat is to say, in some places a heavy
crop and in others thin. Of course, in Scot-
land and Ireland these are not largely grown on
open walls ; but in England and Wales all
localities give good and indifferent returns alike,
but the fairly good ones predominate.

Bush Fruits and Strawberries seem to
have been as universally abundant as Apples
are, the season seeming specially to have
favoured them. Finally,

Nuts of the smaller kinds are a very poor
crop indeed, but in many localities Walnuts are
fairly abundant.

It is not possible to take leave of what is not
an altogether unclouded resumd of the fruit
crops without commenting upon the great social
and economical value a good fruit crop is to the
kingdom. By it myriads live ; by it the wealth
of the country is increased, and vast sums of
money are liberated for employment in other
profitable channels. By it also the comforts
and pleasures of the people are vastly increased,
and may we not hope the health also. F rom
afar come sad accounts of choleraic visitations,
but these are the products of dirt and of foul-
ness, not of the consumption of ripe, wholesome
fruits. We trust no foolish alarms will inter-
pose to prevent our growers from reaping to the
full the benefits to which they are entitled from
the plentiful Apple crop. Better, a thousand
times to purchase good fruit than poisonous
liquid compounds and cheap questionable
solids, the constituents of which none can tell.
If we will take of the good things of God, surely
none better merit such an epithet than a luxu-
riant crop of delicious wholesome fruits.

CHARLES TURNER.

When the Royal Nursery, Slough, was founded is
involved in some obscurity, and owing to an unfortu-
nate fire, which destroyed the dwelling-house and offices
with their contents, much historical information was
thereby lost. The name of Brown was associated
with the proprietorship of the nursery for many years.
In a letter received from Mr. Edward Brown, the
sole surviving partner of the old firm, bearing date
May, 1872, he states, “The cultivation of fancy or
named Tulips commenced during the partnership of
Elizabeth and Charles Brown, the former being my
mother, and the latter a cousin or trustee under my
father's will.” Mr. Brown is unable to give the exact
date, but it is believed to have been somewhere about
1820 to 1825. “I am unable to give you an account
of the foundation of the nursery, but as my father
was born here, and if living would have been 95 years
of age (in 1872), and as he was not the eldest child,
I think I may presume that it cannot be much less
than a century since my grandfather commenced a
nursery, on I daresay a very small scale. At that
time he held land at the west end of Slough, and at
Upton (Slough being comprehended in the parish of
Upton-cum-Chalvey), and also about the centre of
the town ; and it is upwards of 60 years since the
present nursery came into the possession of my family.
I think I may state broadly, that the originator, Mr,
Thos. Brown, commenced about 1774, and was

and Edward Brown ; and on the death of Charles, in
the year 1836, Thomas, my brother, and myself,
became the sole partners, and traded as T. & E.
Brown. On the retirement of myself, in 1837, my
brother Thomas carried on the business until 1840.”
Mr. W. Cutter was the proprietor of the nursery for
about four years, when it passed into the hands of Mr.
Charles Turner, the genial and enthusiastic florist whose
portrait will be found on p. 145. Mr, Charles Brown
was one of the earliest members of the London
Horticultural Society, and was also a member
of the Council at the time of his death, at the age of
41 years. The firm for a number of years regularly
and most successfully exhibited at the meetings of the
Horticultural Society of London, as well as at exhi-
bitions in the large provincial towns. Lonicera
Brownii, Lilium Brownii, Brown’s Superb Rose, and
many fine new varieties of Tulips, Dahlias, Pansies
in very large numbers, Pelargoniums, Calceolarias,
Phloxes, &c., originated at this nursery. It is believed
that one of the first descriptive catalogues of flower
seeds was sent out by the firm of Thomas and Edward
Brown.

In May, 1864, The Midland and Northern Florists ’
Guide , then edited by Mr. William Dean, gave a por-
trait of Mr. Turner, accompanied by a racy and genial
sketch from the pen of the Rev. Canon Hole. It set
forth that Mr. Turner “ was born at Wilton, near
Salisbury, just at that season which we florists love
so dearly — when all things are bursting into life and
loveliness, blossom and bloom— on May 3, 1818.
This date will surprise many, for he looks fully ten
years younger than he is ; but so it is, that garden
life is the youngest, freshest life of all, and the
heart which loves flowers, rightly and reverently,
enjoys a perpetual spring.”

“He was a mere boy (but, in vivid illustration
of Wordsworth’s words, ‘ The boy was father to the
man’) when he began his floral career. At that
time the ‘ pink of fashion ’ was the Pink itself, and
there were exhibitions almost entirely restricted to
the display of that dainty flower. In 1832 he won
his first prize. One fancies how some of the older
competitors would grin derisively at the stripling,
<$t. su . 14, as he entered the show-room with his
box, but it was Goliath despising David; and I
should like to have seen Master Charley’s face as
he went home to tell the news that day, the proudest
and happiest boy in England .”

“ This early success confirmed for ever his floral
bias, united him to his first love in bonds never to be
broken, and finally decided his vocation in life. From
that day of victory he was never happy out of the
garden. The jockey had won his first race, and the
world was a dreary wilderness when viewed from the
saddle. His parents kindly conformed to his wishes,
and in 1834, when his enthusiasm had mounted to
‘fever-heat,’ on his again winning the 1st prize for.
Pinks, and also the 2d for Dahlias, he was apprenticed
to a nurseryman at Salisbury. Here his previous
talent grew and throve as rapidly, but withal as
robustly, as one of his show Pelargoniums. Plis master
was an invalid, and many things were entrusted to his
supervision which are usually cared for by the owner
himself, and which, perhaps, no other youth in exist-
ence would have successfully undertaken as he did.
In 1 835 'he went to Bath with Dahlias, and brought
home a £12 and an ^8 cup.”

“ He went from Salisbury to the nurseries of Messrs.
Cormack, New Cross, Surrey, and thence to the
Messrs. Brown, of Slough, whom he ultimately
succeeded ; wherever he went victory went with him,
and as he gradually extended his ambitions, so has
honour always rewarded enterprise. He has tried no
branch of floriculture without improving it, nihil tetigit
quod non ornavit : he has aspired to no prizes which
he has not obtained. In 1840 he won a ^20 cup at
Cambridge, and a £25 cup at Norwich ; and in 1841
three £20 cups in one week — namely, at Tam worth,
Warwick, and Halstead — for Dahlias, which were then
the favourite flowers for exhibition. From 1832 to
1848 the number of prizes awarded to him was 498,
and since that date no account has been kept.”

The outline so pleasantly sketched by the Rev.
Canon Hole may be filled up in a small particular or
two by stating that Mr. Turner was foreman to Messrs.

of Mr. Cutter that Her Majesty the Queen paid a
visit to the nursery, hence the prefix, Royal.

If the subject of this sketch is not the oldest living
florist, he has been conspicuously before the public
longer in point of time than any other member of the
fraternity. Fifty-one years is indeed a long time to
be actively engaged in any profession, but labour is
pleasant if congenial to the taste. We think we may
safely say that Charles Turner has taken more first
prizes for his productions than any other grower in
his or any time, and has awarded more prizes than
any man living, his services as a judge having always
been in great demand. The great characteristic of all
his work has been its superb finish ; everything he has
placed on the exhibition stage has illustrated a high
standard of cultivation, and many a one has had his
perceptions quickened and his knowledge enlarged
by a sight of what is done at the Royal Nursery, and
has resolved to emulate so much of this standard as it
was possible he could reach to. In the case of cut
flowers, after winning all along the line for a series of
years, Mr. Turner gave up exhibiting for a time, but
now they receive the same attention at Slough as of old.
Carnations and Picotees have never ceased to be
favourites, and at the present time Roses have taken
the high place Dahlias once occupied— and, indeed,
still occupy — on the occasion of any great contest.
Time was when it was not uncommon to have half-a-
dozen collections of Dahlias, a hundred varieties in
each. The old Pink, once so popular, and endeared
to Mr. Turner as the flower with which he won his
first floricultural victory, is rising into favour again,
and the collection at Slough is one of the most com-
plete and perfect to be met with. One great achieve-
ment has been the marked success with pot Roses.
The leading characteristic of the Slough mode of cul-
ture was to show naturally grown bushes instead of
the old fan-shape, at one time so prevalent. These
took the place of the once splendid Azaleas that used
to come from Slough to the London exhibitions ; but
the Azalea is by no means neglected, as in the spring
time it is not unusual to see very fine collections of
remarkably well-grown and flowered specimens sent
from the Royal Nursery, and new varieties are con-
stantly appearing in season from there. The Slough
Pelargoniums are known far and wide, and are gener-
ally placed first on the exhibition stage. There was a
time when the Pansy was extensively and successfully
grown at Slough, but they will not now succeed in
the warm and dry South as formerly. The battle
against adverse influences was manfully kept up for a
time, and only brought to a close when surrender was
inevitable.

As an exhibitor, who shall attempt to estimate the
prowess of Charles Turner ? What a long line of suc-
cesses are written in the chronicles of the Horticultural
Press ! A man vsrho can hold his own against all
comers for the space of half a century must have that
within him which cannot be overcome uritil human
power fails in old age. Emerson’s remark may be
appropriately quoted here : ‘ * This man accomplished
by some magnetism. His victories are demonstra-
tions of superiority. He conquers because his arrival
alters the state of affairs.” In a piquant passage in
his Book About Roses the Rev. Canon Hole has
sketched Charles Turner as an exhibitor Mr.
Turner does not show his cards, but when he comes
to play them on the green cloth or baize of the exhi-
bition table no man deals more fairly, knows his
game more thoroughly, holds more trumps, or scores
the honours more frequently.” The number of prizes
gained in 1883 amounts already to ninety, fifty of
these being 1st prizes.

A list of the novelties in plants, flowers, fruits, and
vegetables sent out from the Royal Nursery during
the proprietorship of Mr. Turner, would fill a small
volume. Their name is legion. New Auriculas,
Azaleas, Carnations, Cinerarias, Dahlias of all kinds,
Fuchsias, Gloxinias, Pelargoniums of every section,
Picotees, Pinks, Roses, Verbenas, &c., have been from
time to time sent forth until they can be counted by
the hundred. A large number of these novelties are
raised at Slough ; a great proportion by others. The
opportunity to secure and send out a good thing is
never lost. Two of the best and most useful Straw-
berries ever raised — President and Sir Joseph Paxton

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With these Tacts in vie-w, and as thb 'Connecticut Mutual is second
to met Company in-tlye world in any ^desirable respect, and in preference
to Companies y which do net invest thejr assets in this city,, and do"
nothing whatever in support of, her institutions and business interests, V
xf a citizen of St. .Louis, with your interests identifiedtwith her interests,*
do you not" think that the Connecticut Mutual' i s , fairly entitled to
^oun^patrpn age, your' good will, and a recommendation^ to your
friends ? .

Should you need Fife Insurance, or Tellable information in regard
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Respectfully, ' * d

A. B. DENTON, .

. ^en'l Agt. Conn.' M'utual Life Im. Co.

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